hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
3D sound localization
3D sound localization refers to an acoustic technology that is used to locate the source of a sound in a three-dimensional space. The source location is usually determined by the direction of the incoming sound waves (horizontal and vertical angles) and the distance between the source and sensors. It involves the structure arrangement design of the sensors and signal processing techniques.

Most mammals (including humans) use binaural hearing to localize sound, by comparing the information received from each ear in a complex process that involves a significant amount of synthesis. It is difficult to localize using monaural hearing, especially in 3D space.

Sound localization
Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance.

The sound localization mechanisms of the mammalian auditory system have been extensively studied. The auditory system uses several cues for sound source localization, including time difference and level difference (or intensity difference) between the ears, and spectral information.  Other animals, such as birds and reptiles, also use them but they may use them differently, and some also have localization cues which are absent in the human auditory system, such as the effects of ear movements. Animals with the ability to localize sound have a  evolutionary advantage.
2010–11 Liga Nacional de Básquet season
The 2010–11 Liga Nacional de Básquet season was the 27th season of the top professional basketball league in Argentina. The regular season started on 15 October 2010. Peñarol won their third title, defeating Atenas in the finals.

David Jackson (basketball)
David Wayne Jackson Jr. (born August 12, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for Franca of Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB). A 6 ft 3 in (1.92 m) tall combo guard, he played high school basketball in Maryland and North Carolina and attended Gulf Coast Community College in Florida after he failed to academically qualify to play Division I basketball. After two years at Gulf Coast, Jackson transferred to Penn State, where he played his last two years of eligibility. After going undrafted in the 2007 NBA draft he started his professional career in Uruguay with Defensor Sporting. He has earned several accolades while playing in South America, including two MVP awards (one in Argentina and one in Brazil), multiple all-star selections and an LNB scoring title in 2010. Jackson won the FIBA Intercontinental Cup in 2023 and was named the tournament MVP.
1979–80 Aston Villa F.C. season
The 1978–79 English football season was Aston Villa's 81st season in the Football League and their 5th consecutive season in the top division.

There were debut appearances for  Nigel Spink (361), Des Bremner (174), Tony Morley (137), David Geddis (47),  Eamonn Deacy (33),  Terry Donovan (24), Terry Bullivant (12), Mike Pejic (10), Noel Blake (4) and Robert Hopkins (3). On 8 September 1979, the national transfer record fee was broken for the second time in four days when Wolverhampton Wanderers pay almost £1,500,000 for Villa's Scotland striker Andy Gray. In October John Gidman wass sold to Everton for £650,000 (2013: £2,900,000) in a deal which saw left back Pat Heard (24) move the other way at a valuation of £150,000.  Heard would make nine appearances in his first season at Villa Park.

3 May 1980: Liverpool clinch the league title in their penultimate league game of the season by beating Aston Villa 4–1 at Anfield.

Robert Hopkins (footballer)
Robert Arthur Hopkins (25 October 1961 – 11 January 2026) was an English professional footballer who played as a winger. In 2012, Hopkins was one of seven former players elected to Birmingham City's Hall of Fame.

He played in more than 300 Football League matches for Aston Villa, Birmingham City (in two spells), Manchester City, West Bromwich Albion, Shrewsbury Town and Colchester United. He also played in Hong Kong for Instant-Dict and for non-League clubs Solihull Borough and Bromsgrove Rovers.
NumWorks
NumWorks is a technology company that designs, develops, and sells graphing calculators. Their calculators are source-available and have their hardware design available under a Creative Commons license. Its first calculator, the N0100, was released on August 29, 2017, in Europe and the United States and is geared towards high school classrooms and students. The calculators use Python as their programming language, rather than a proprietary language (e.g. TI-BASIC used by Texas Instruments calculators).

Graphing calculator
A graphing calculator (also graphics calculator or graphic display calculator) is a handheld computer that is capable of plotting graphs, solving simultaneous equations, and performing other tasks with variables. Most popular graphing calculators are programmable calculators, allowing the user to create customized programs, typically for scientific, engineering or education applications. They have large screens that display several lines of text and calculations.
1972 Boise State Broncos football team
The 1972 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State College during the 1972 NCAA College Division football season, the fifth season of Bronco football (at the four-year level) and the third as members of the Big Sky Conference and NCAA. In the College Division, they played their home games on campus at Bronco Stadium in Boise, Idaho.

Led by fifth-year head coach Tony Knap, the Broncos were 7–4 in the regular season and 3–3 in conference. The conference losses were the last until 1976.

Tony Knap
Anthony Joseph Knap (December 8, 1914 – September 24, 2011) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Utah State University from 1963 to 1966, Boise State University from 1968 to 1975, and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) from 1976 to 1981, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 143–53–4. Knap also worked as a high school teacher and coach, and served in the United States Navy during World War II.
Saint John Capisterre Parish
Saint John Capisterre is one of 14 administrative parishes that make up Saint Kitts and Nevis. It is the second largest parish on Saint Kitts (after Saint George Basseterre Parish), and the third largest parish in the federation (the largest being Saint James Windward Parish). The capital of the parish is Dieppe Bay Town.

Saint George Basseterre Parish
Saint George Basseterre is one of 14 administrative parishes that make up Saint Kitts and Nevis. It is the largest parish on Saint Kitts and the second largest parish in Saint Kitts and Nevis (after Saint James Windward). It is by far the most populous parish in the federation, holding nearly a third of the country's population. It is home to the city of Basseterre, capital of Saint Kitts and Nevis, and also has a longer coastline than any other parish in Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Thirudiya Idhayathai
Thirudiya Idhayathai (transl. The stolen heart) is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language romantic action film written and directed by Murali Krishna. It stars producer Rohan Salian, Kunal and Shubha Poonja. The score and soundtrack for the film was by director Bharani. The film's title is based on a song from Paarvai Ondre Pothume, also starring Kunal.

Paarvai Ondre Pothume
Paarvai Ondre Pothume (transl. A Glance is Enough) is a 2001 Indian Tamil-language romance film written and directed by Murali Krishna.  The film stars Kunal, Monal and Karan in the lead roles. The film's soundtrack was composed by Bharani and was a huge success. The film was released on 16 March 2001 and became a commercial success. Karan's acting in the film was critically acclaimed. It is Kunal's next Tamil film release and his only release in 2001 since Kadhalar Dhinam (1999).
1893–94 Sheffield Shield season
The 1893–94 Sheffield Shield season was the second season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. The season took place between 15 December 1893 to 7 March 1894 and was contested by three teams. The competition would be won by South Australia who won three of their four matches. George Giffen scored the most runs in the competition with 526 runs while Charles Turner took the most wickets with 30.

South Australia cricket team
The South Australia men's cricket team is an Australian men's professional first-class cricket team based in the state of South Australia. South Australia play their home matches at Adelaide Oval and Karen Rolton Oval, they are the state cricket team for South Australia representing the state in the Sheffield Shield competition and the limited overs One-Day Cup. The team is selected and supported by the South Australian Cricket Association (SACA).

The team's One-Day Cup uniform features a red body with gold and blue elements, the state's colours. They were known as the Southern Redbacks from 1995 to 2024, and officially competed under the West End Redbacks moniker from 1996 to 2024 due to a sponsorship agreement with West End. The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, but were succeeded by the Adelaide Strikers in 2011 because this league was replaced with the Big Bash League.
Soprano sfogato
Soprano sfogato ('Vented' soprano) is a contralto or mezzo-soprano who is capable — by sheer industry or natural talent — of extending her upper range and encompassing the coloratura soprano tessitura. An upwardly extended natural soprano is sometimes called a soprano assoluta.

Contralto
A contralto (Italian pronunciation: [konˈtralto]) is a classical female singing voice whose vocal range is the lowest of their voice types.

The contralto voice type is fairly rare. A contralto's range is similar to that of a mezzo-soprano, and almost identical to that of a countertenor – typically from the F below middle C (F3 in scientific pitch notation) to the second F above middle C (F5), although, at the extremes, some voices can reach the D below middle C (D3) or the second B♭ above middle C (B♭5). The contralto voice type includes coloratura, lyric, and dramatic contraltos.
2002 Hawaii Warriors football team
The 2002 Hawaii Warriors football team represented the University of Hawaii at Manoa as a member of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by fourth-year head coach June Jones, the Warriors compiling an overall record of 10–4, finished second in the WAC with a mark of 7–1. They were invited to the Hawaii Bowl, where they lost to Tulane.

2002 NCAA Division I-A football season
The 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season ended with a double overtime national championship game.  Ohio State and Miami both came into the Fiesta Bowl undefeated.  The underdog Buckeyes defeated the defending-champion Hurricanes 31–24, ending Miami's 34-game winning streak. Jim Tressel won the national championship in only his second year as head coach.

Rose Bowl officials were vocally upset over the loss of the Big Ten champ from the game.  Former New England Patriots coach Pete Carroll returned the USC Trojans to a BCS bid in only his second season as head coach. Notre Dame also returned to prominence, as Tyrone Willingham became the first coach in Notre Dame history to win 10 games in his first season.

Beginning with the 2002 season, teams were allowed to schedule twelve regular season games instead of eleven leading to additional revenues for all teams and allowing players the enhanced opportunity to break various statistical records.
2022 UCLA Bruins football team
The 2022 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 2022 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by fifth-year head coach Chip Kelly and competed as members of the Pac-12 Conference. After starting the season 5–0 for the first time since 2013, the Bruins made their first appearance of the season in the AP Poll at No. 18.

Dorian Thompson-Robinson
Dorian Trevor Thompson-Robinson (born November 14, 1999), also known by his initials DTR, is an American professional football quarterback for the Orlando Storm of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the UCLA Bruins, earning second-team all-conference honors in the Pac-12 in 2020 and 2021 before being selected by the Cleveland Browns in the fifth round of the 2023 NFL draft.
2023 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 2023 Bowling Green Falcons football team represented Bowling Green State University during the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Falcons were led by fifth-year head coach Scot Loeffler and played their home games at Doyt Perry Stadium in Bowling Green, Ohio. The Bowling Green Falcons football team drew an average home attendance of 13,462 in 2023.

The Bowling Green Falcons competed as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).  They finished the regular season 7–5 and 5–3 in conference play securing their first winning season since 2015. They played Minnesota in the Quick Lane Bowl, where they lost 24–30.

2023 Quick Lane Bowl
The 2023 Quick Lane Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 26, 2023, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. The ninth annual Quick Lane Bowl game featured the Minnesota Golden Gophers from the Big Ten Conference and the Bowling Green Falcons from the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The game began at approximately 2:00 p.m. EST and was aired on ESPN. The Quick Lane Bowl was one of the 2023–24 bowl games concluding the 2023 FBS football season. This was the final game under the title sponsor automotive chain Quick Lane Tire and Auto Center.
1978 Holiday Bowl
The 1978 Holiday Bowl was the inaugural college football bowl game of the Holiday Bowl. It was played on December 22, 1978, at San Diego Stadium in San Diego, California. The game was part of the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. It featured the Navy Midshipmen against the BYU Cougars. Navy won 23–16.

1978 BYU Cougars football team
The 1978 BYU Cougars football team represented the Brigham Young University (BYU) in the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). The team was led by head coach LaVell Edwards, in his seventh year, and played their home games at Cougar Stadium in Provo, Utah. They finished the season with a record of nine wins and four losses (9–4, 5–1 WAC), as WAC champions and with a loss against Navy in the Holiday Bowl.
Bushmaster III
The Bushmaster III is a 35 mm automatic/semi-automatic cannon designed and built by Alliant Techsystems, based on the 25 mm M242 Bushmaster. The weapon has been selected as primary armament for the CV9035 export versions of the CV90 infantry fighting vehicles (IFV) currently in service with the Danish, Dutch and Estonian armies. The Bushmaster III is a chain gun, like the other members of the Bushmaster family, which grants it great dependability and safety from ammunition cook-off even though it does result in lower rates of fire. The caliber is the NATO standard 35×228 introduced by the Oerlikon KD in the 1950s.

Oerlikon GDF
The Oerlikon GDF or Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon is a towed anti-aircraft gun made by Oerlikon Contraves (renamed as Rheinmetall Air Defence AG following the merger with Rheinmetall in 2009). The system was originally designated 2 ZLA/353 ML but this was later changed to GDF-001. It was developed in the late 1950s and is used by around 30 countries.
1956 Lehigh Engineers football team
The 1956 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1956 college football season. Lehigh won the Middle Three Conference championship.

In their 11th year under head coach Bill Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 7–2 record and defeated both Middle Three Conference opponents. Alex Maslowsky was the team captain.

Lehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university's main campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Middle Three Conference
The Middle Three Conference was an intercollegiate athletic scheduling alliance from 1929 to 1969. It had three members throughout its 41-year existence: Lafayette College and Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, and Rutgers University in New Jersey. Administratively, the "conference" was little more than a three-way rivalry; there was no league commissioner or central office for scheduling or enforcement.

Lafayette, Lehigh and Rutgers competed for a Middle Three championship in several sports, including baseball, men's basketball and football. In all sports, the Middle Three was part of the Middle Atlantic Conference (MAC), University Division, from the 1958–59 season to the 1961–62 season, when Rutgers withdrew from the MAC.
Jeonju Bibimbap Festival
The Jeonju Bibimbap Festival (Korean: 전주 비빔밥 축제) is an annual Korean food festival that takes place in the Jeonju Hanok Village in South Korea. It centers on a regional variety of the popular Korean dish bibimbap. The festival has been celebrated since 2007.

Food festivals in South Korea
The Food Festivals of South Korea are a series of celebrations that provide insight into Korean cuisine and culture. The cuisine ranges from traditional dishes through to modern interpretations and will often focus on regionally specific recipes and ingredients. They seek to retain Korean cultural identity, raise awareness, and promote local produce, cuisine, and the Korean food industry. Over time, some festivals and dishes such as Chimaek have become part of modern Korean culture and were further popularized by K-dramas.
Bangladesh women's cricket team in South Africa in 2018
The visiting Bangladesh women's cricket team played against the South Africa women's cricket team in May 2018. The tour consisted of five Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and three Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20Is). Prior to the tour, the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) named a preliminary 30-player squad for a 15-day preparation camp.

South Africa Women won the WODI series 5–0 and the WT20I series 3–0.

Jannatul Ferdus (cricketer)
Most Jannatul Ferdus Sumona (Bengali: জান্নাতুল ফেরদৌস; born 12 December 1999) is a Bangladeshi cricketer who plays as a right-handed batter and right-arm off break bowler, who plays for the Bangladesh women's national cricket team.
1944 Rose Bowl
The 1944 Rose Bowl was the thirtieth edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Saturday, January 1. This was the first Rose Bowl game featuring teams from the same conference (Pacific Coast), with the only other occurrence taking place during the 2025 game. This was due to the travel restrictions imposed by the war effort. It determined the champion of the PCC for the 1943 season, and the USC Trojans shut out the Washington Huskies 29–0 in a one-sided game.

USC backup quarterback Jim Hardy threw three touchdown passes to lead the Trojans to their seventh Rose Bowl victory and eighth PCC championship.

For the first time, the Rose Bowl was broadcast on the radio abroad to all American servicemen, with General Eisenhower in Western Europe allowing all troops who were not on the front lines to tune in and listen.

1943 USC Trojans football team
The 1943 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1943 college football season. In their second year under head coach Jeff Cravath, the Trojans compiled an 8–2 record (5–0 against conference opponents), won the Pacific Coast Conference championship, defeated Washington in the 1944 Rose Bowl, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 155 to 58.

In the final Litkenhous Ratings, USC ranked 45th among the nation's college and service teams with a rating of 84.8.
1981 Garden State Bowl
The 1981 Garden State Bowl, part of the 1981–82 bowl game season, took place on December 13, 1981, at Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The competing teams were the Tennessee Volunteers, representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the Wisconsin Badgers, representing the Big Ten Conference (Big 10). In what was the final edition of the game, Tennessee won 28–21.

1981 NCAA Division I-A football season
The 1981 NCAA Division I-A football season ended with the Clemson Tigers, unbeaten and untied, claiming the national championship after a victory over Nebraska in the Orange Bowl. This was also the first year of the California Bowl, played in Fresno, California; this game fancied itself as a "junior" version of the Rose Bowl as it pitted the Big West Conference champion vs. the Mid-American Conference champion.
Pasquiaornis
Pasquiaornis is a prehistoric seabird genus of the Hesperornithes. It lived in the Late Cretaceous, during the late Cenomanian between 95 and 93 million years ago in North America. Two species, P. hardiei and P. tankei, were described in 1997 by Tim Tokaryk, Stephen Cumbaa and John Storer.

They are known from fossils recovered near Arborfield, Saskatchewan, mostly by 1992-93 expeditions of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum and the Canadian Museum of Nature. In the description, this genus was considered closer to Baptornis advenus than to the few other Hesperornithes then known, and assigned to family Baptornithidae. Subsequently discovered relatives suggest that it is instead a quite basal member of the Hesperornithes, while Baptornis represents a distinct and somewhat more advanced lineage.

Baptornis
Baptornis ("diving bird") is a genus of flightless, aquatic birds from the Late Cretaceous, some 87-80 million years ago (roughly mid-Coniacian to mid-Campanian faunal stages). The fossils of Baptornis advenus, the type species, were discovered in Kansas, which at its time was mostly covered by the Western Interior Seaway, a shallow shelf sea. It is now known to have also occurred in today's Sweden, where the Turgai Strait joined the ancient North Sea; possibly, it occurred in the entire Holarctic.

Othniel Charles Marsh discovered the first fossils of this bird in the 1870s. This was, alongside the Archaeopteryx, one of the first Mesozoic birds to become known to science.
2022–23 AC Milan season
The 2022–23 season was the 124th season in the existence of AC Milan and the club's 89th  season in the top flight of Italian football. In addition to the domestic league, Milan participated in this season's editions of the Coppa Italia, Supercoppa Italiana and UEFA Champions League.

2022 Supercoppa Italiana
The 2022 Supercoppa Italiana (branded as the EA Sports Supercup for sponsorship reasons) was the 35th edition of the Supercoppa Italiana. It was a Derby della Madonnina meeting between AC Milan, winners of the 2021–22 Serie A championship, and Inter Milan, winners of the 2021–22 Coppa Italia. It took place at the King Fahd International Stadium in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Inter Milan won the match 3–0 for their second consecutive and seventh overall Supercoppa Italiana title.
Snowdown railway station
Snowdown railway station is on the Dover branch of the Chatham Main Line in England, and serves the hamlet of Snowdown, Kent. It is 69 miles 60 chains (112.3 km) down the line from London Victoria and is situated between Aylesham and Shepherds Well.

The station and all trains that call are operated by Southeastern.

The station and the line it serves was built by the London, Chatham & Dover Railway, and the station was opened in 1914. It was formerly known as Snowdown & Nonington Halt and formed the junction with the extensive sidings of the National Coal Board at  Snowdown Colliery.

In 2016–17 and 2017–18 Snowdown was the second least used railway station in Kent, and the least used in 2022-2023.

Dover Priory railway station
Dover Priory railway station is the southern terminus of the South Eastern Main Line. It is the main station serving the town of Dover, in Kent, England; the other is Kearsney, on the outskirts. It is 77 miles 26 chains (124.4 km) down the line from London Victoria. The station and all trains that serve the station are operated by Southeastern. It is a 25 min walk away from the Ferry Port.