hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vicarious nucleophilic substitution
In organic chemistry, the vicarious nucleophilic substitution is a special type of nucleophilic aromatic substitution in which a nucleophile replaces a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring and not leaving groups such as halogen substituents which are ordinarily encountered in SNAr. This reaction type was reviewed in 1987 by Polish chemists Mieczysław Mąkosza and Jerzy Winiarski.

It is typically encountered with nitroarenes and especially with nucleophiles, resulting in alkylated arenes: the new substituent can take the ortho or para positions, reversing the selectivity for the meta position that is usually observed with such compounds under electrophilic substitution. Carbon nucleophiles carry an electron-withdrawing group and a leaving group: the nucleophile attacks the aromatic ring, and excess base can eliminate to form an exocyclic double bond which is successively protonated under acidic conditions, restoring aromaticity.

Leaving group
In organic chemistry, a leaving group typically means a molecular fragment that departs with an electron pair during a reaction step with heterolytic bond cleavage.  In this usage, a leaving group is a less formal but more commonly used synonym of the term nucleofuge; although IUPAC gives the term a broader definition.

A species' ability to serve as a leaving group can affect whether a reaction is viable, as well as what mechanism the reaction takes.

Leaving group ability depends strongly on context, but often correlates with ability to stabilize additional electron density from bond heterolysis.  Common anionic leaving groups are Cl−, Br− and I− halides and sulfonate esters such as tosylate (TsO−).  Water (H2O), alcohols (R−OH), and amines (R3N) are common neutral leaving groups, although they often require activating catalysts.  Some moieties, such as hydride (H−) serve as leaving groups only extremely rarely.
Government of Oslo
The government of Oslo, the capital of Norway, consists of a mayor, governing mayor and the Oslo City Council. The governing mayor appoints members of the city cabinet, while the mayor administers city services, public property and law enforcement.

Governing Mayor of Oslo
The Governing Mayor of Oslo (Bokmål: Oslos byrådsleder; Nynorsk: Oslos byrådsleiar) is the head of the city government of Oslo. The Governing Mayor appoints and removes the members (vice mayors) of the city cabinet and decides how the departments and the central administration are organised. The city government consists of eight members.
Deflektor
Deflektor is a puzzle video game developed by Vortex Software and published by Gremlin Graphics in December 1987. The game was ported to the X68000 by Bullet-Proof Software and the Atari 8-bit computers developed by Atari Corporation in 1988, but was not published. According to Deflektor X4 remake programmer Ignacio Pérez Gil, Deflektor developer Costa Panayi endorsed the creation and distribution of the non-commercial open-source freeware in the 2000s.

Deflektor has been well received by reviewers. Critics emphasized its high appeal and originality. The game also received positive feedback for its graphics, difficulty, and in-depth exploration. It was followed by a sequel in 1989, Mindbender.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Freedom and constraint topologies
Freedom and constraint topologies (a.k.a., freedom, actuation, and constraint topologies; or simply FACT)  is a mechanical design framework developed by Dr. Jonathan B. Hopkins. The framework offers a library of vector spaces with visual representations to guide the analysis and synthesis of flexible systems. Flexible systems are devices, mechanisms, or structures that deform to achieve desired motion such as compliant mechanisms, flexures, soft robots, and mechanical metamaterials.

Engineering analysis
Engineering analysis involves the application of scientific/mathematical analytic principles and processes to reveal the properties and state of a system, device or mechanism under study.

Engineering analysis is decompositional: it proceeds by separating the engineering design into the mechanisms of operation or failure, analyzing or estimating each component of the operation or failure mechanism in isolation, and re-combining the components according to basic physical principles and natural laws.
Helloi
A Helloi or Heloi is a female nature spirit in Meitei mythology, folklore and religion. Hellois are often depicted in the forms of beautiful young women. They are often associated with seduction of men. They are the most powerful among the female spirits. They can cause diseases.
The hellois are often known for their charming beauty, ecological balance and seduction of males. Hellois are sometimes seen as evil spirits in the forms of beautiful maidens.

Helloi Taret (Meitei for 'Seven Hellois') are the seven sisters. They stay in the thick bushes or dark and dense forests. They also live in other places of wilderness like rivers and meadows.

Meitei folklore
Meitei folklore is the folklore and mythology of the Meitei people of Manipur, India.

Such folklore is traditionally passed from generation to generation. Currently, the government of Manipur is planning to preserve the folklore of the Meitei people through primary education in government institutions.
Gunjali River
The Gunjali River is a river in India that originates in the hills of Ratangarh Tahsil in the Nimach District of Madhya Pradesh. It flows eastward and enters Chittorgarh District near Daulatpura. The river then passes through the areas of Moren, Amarganj, and Kua Khera within Chittorgarh District. Finally, it joins the Chambal River at Arnia Village.

Chambal River
The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in Central and Northern India, and thus forms part of the drainage system of the Ganges. The river flows north-northeast through Madhya Pradesh, briefly flowing through Rajasthan, then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh state.

The Chambal finds mention in ancient Hindu scriptures. The Hindu epic Mahabharata refers to the Chambal River as Charmanyavati: originating from the blood of thousands of animals sacrificed by the King Rantideva.
Girne District
Girne District (Turkish: Girne İlçesi) is one of six districts of Northern Cyprus. It is divided between two sub-districts: Girne Sub-district and the Çamlıbel Sub-district. Its capital is Kyrenia, also known by its Turkish name, as Girne. Its de facto population was  73,577 in the 2011 census. Its Governor is Mehmet Envergil. It has the same boundaries as the Kyrenia District of Cyprus, a distinct political entity and local government-in-exile which claims the same territory. Girne District is the only district of the Cyprus that is fully taken by Northern Cyprus.

Districts of Northern Cyprus
Northern Cyprus is divided into six districts, which are further divided into 12 sub-districts. Each district is governed by a Governor. On 27 December 2016, the Assembly of the Republic unanimously decided that the Lefke sub-district would be separated from the Güzelyurt District, establishing the Lefke District as the sixth district of Northern Cyprus.
Jeckenbach
Jeckenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Meisenheim, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Meisenheim
Meisenheim (German: [ˈmaɪzn̩haɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, and is also its seat. Meisenheim is a state-recognized recreational resort (Erholungsort) and it is set out as a middle centre in state planning.
Taniwha
In Māori mythology, taniwha (Māori pronunciation: [ˈtaniɸa]) are large supernatural beings that live in deep pools in rivers, dark caves, or in the sea, especially in places with dangerous currents or deceptive breakers (giant waves).
They may be considered highly respected kaitiaki (protective guardians) of people and places, or in some traditions as dangerous, predatory beings, which for example would kidnap women to have as wives.

Kaitiakitanga
Kaitiakitanga is a New Zealand Māori term used for the concept of guardianship of the sky, the sea, and the land. A kaitiaki is a guardian, and the process and practices of protecting and looking after the environment are referred to as kaitiakitanga.

The concept and terminology have been increasingly brought into public policy on trusteeship or guardianship—in particular with the environmental and resource controls under the Resource Management Act.
1922 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1922 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 31st staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887, held after a two-year hiatus.

Toomevara were the defending champions.

Boherlahan won the championship after a 5–01 to 2–03 defeat of a North Selection in the final. It was their fifth  championship title overall and their first title since 1919.

1919 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1919 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 30th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

Boherlahan were the defending champions.

Toomevara won the championship after a 3–00 to 1–05 defeat of a Mid Selection in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first title since 1914.
Royal bastard
A royal bastard is a child of a reigning monarch born out of wedlock. The king might have a child with a mistress, or the legitimacy of a marriage might be questioned for reasons concerning succession.

Notable royal bastards include Robert, Earl of Gloucester, son of Henry I of England, Henry FitzRoy, son of Henry VIII of England, and the Duke of Monmouth, son of Charles II. The Anglo-Norman surname Fitzroy means son of a king and was used by various illegitimate royal offspring, and by others who claimed to be such. In medieval England, a bastard's coat of arms was marked with a bend or baton sinister.

Notable fictional examples include Mordred, the villainous illegitimate son of King Arthur. Some fictional portrayals of royal bastards are less negative, such as the character of Philip the Bastard in William Shakespeare's King John.

Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.
Sol Rosevear
John Solomon "Sol" Rosevear (4 January 1892 – 21 March 1953) was an Australian politician. He was Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives from 1943 to 1950. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and represented the seat of Dalley in the House of Representatives from 1931 until his death in 1953. He was associated with the Lang Labor faction until the early 1940s. Prior to entering parliament he was a timber worker and trade unionist.

Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
The speaker of the Australian House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Australian House of Representatives, the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. The counterpart in the upper house is the president of the Senate. The office of the speakership was established in 1901 by section 35 of the Constitution of Australia. The primary responsibilities of the office is to oversee house debates, determine which members may speak, maintain order and the parliamentary and ministerial codes of conduct during sessions and uphold all rules and standing orders. The current speaker of the House of Representatives is Milton Dick, who was elected on 26 July 2022.
Municipal Band of Allentown
The Municipal Band of Allentown is an American civilian concert band based in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The band was established in 1923 as the Allentown Police Band, which was renamed to the Municipal Band of Allentown in 1941.

The Municipal Band of Allentown performs a number of times each year in a number of venues, which include concerts at West Park and other locations throughout Allentown and the Lehigh Valley. The Municipal Band is part of Allentown's rich musical heritage of civilian concert bands, which also includes the Allentown Band, the Pioneer Band of Allentown and the Marine Band of Allentown.

Concert band
A concert band, also called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind symphony, wind orchestra, symphonic band,  symphonic winds, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments, and occasionally including the piano, double bass, and harp. On rare occasions, additional, non-traditional instruments may be added to such ensembles such as synthesizer, electric guitar, and bass guitar.

Concert band music generally includes original wind compositions, concert marches, transcriptions of orchestral arrangements, light music, and popular music. Though the concert band does have similar instrumentation to the marching band, a marching band's main purpose is to perform while marching. In contrast, a concert band usually performs as a stationary ensemble, though European ensembles often do both.
Phaeotremella foliacea
Phaeotremella foliacea (synonym Tremella foliacea) is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. In the UK it has the recommended English name leafy brain and has also been called jelly leaf and brown witch's butter. It produces brownish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on the mycelium of Stereum sanguinolentum, a fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of conifers. It is widespread in north temperate regions.

Stereum sanguinolentum
Stereum sanguinolentum is a species of fungus in the Stereaceae family. A plant pathogen, it causes red heart rot, a red discoloration on conifers, particularly spruces and Douglas-firs. Fruit bodies, which are produced either on dead wood or on dead branches of living trees, form a thin leathery crust on the wood surface. Fresh fruit bodies will bleed a red-colored liquid if injured, reflected in the common names bleeding Stereum or the bleeding conifer parchment. It can be the host of the parasitic jelly fungus Naematelia encephala (synonym Tremella encephala)
Ninja rocks
Ninja rocks is a colloquial term for an improvised weapon or tool consisting of the extremely sharp porcelain or ceramic shards recovered from smashing or crushing the alumina insulator of a commercial spark plug. When thrown, ninja rocks are known to exploit the tensile stress present in the side windows on most cars in order to instantly shatter them, providing a quick and quiet alternative to other window-smashing methods and making ninja rocks ideal for emergencies or "smash-and-grab" auto burglaries, having been used in the latter function since at least 1995. They have no traditional association with the ninja or ninjutsu, only being named such due to their "silent but deadly" function in burglaries and a superficial resemblance to the shuriken stereotypically used as a throwing weapon by ninjas.

Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oxide (or aluminium(III) oxide) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium oxide. It is commonly called alumina and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, ALOX or alundum in various forms and applications. Alumina is refined from bauxite. It occurs naturally in its crystalline polymorphic phase α-Al2O3 as the mineral corundum, varieties of which form the precious gemstones ruby and sapphire, which have an alumina content approaching 100%. Al2O3 is used as feedstock to produce aluminium metal, as an abrasive owing to its hardness, and as a refractory material owing to its high melting point.
The Toronto Daily Telegraph
The Toronto Daily Telegraph was a conservative newspaper founded by John Ross Robertson in 1866 after he left The Globe, a Liberal-leaning paper, to establish a Conservative-leaning paper.

Launched on May 21, 1866, it initially ran a daily and evening version and was a pro-British voice against increasing American influence a year before Confederation.

The paper was never profitable and debt led to the folding of the morning edition in May 1872. The paper's debt woes continued; unable to obtain financial support from the Conservative elite in Toronto, the broadsheet folded in June 1872.

Robertson returned to The Globe and later established the successor to the Telegraph, Toronto Telegram, in 1876.

Toronto Telegram
The Toronto Evening Telegram was a conservative, broadsheet afternoon newspaper published in Toronto from 1876 to 1971. It had a reputation for supporting the Conservative Party at the federal and the provincial levels. The paper competed with an afternoon paper, The Toronto Daily Star, which supported the Liberals. The Telegram strongly supported Canada's connection with the United Kingdom and the rest of the British Empire as late as the 1960s.
Kuwait national cricket team
The Kuwait national cricket team is the team that represents Kuwait in international cricket. The team is organised by Cricket Kuwait, which has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 2005, having previously been an affiliate member since 1998. Kuwait made its international debut in 1979, but has only played regularly at international level since the early 2000s, appearing regularly in Asian Cricket Council tournaments since then. Beginning in the early 2010s, the side appeared in several World Cricket League events, although it was relegated back to regional level after the 2013 Division Six tournament.

Kuwait Cricket
Kuwait Cricket is the official governing body for the game of cricket in Kuwait.  It is an associate member of the International Cricket Council, a full member of the Asian Cricket Council and affiliated to Kuwait Olympic Committee. The Association was founded in 1996.
Aseroe coccinea
Aseroe coccinea is a species of stinkhorn fungus in the genus Aseroe. First reported in Japan in 1989, it was not formally validated as a species until 2007, the delay related to a publication error. The receptacle, or fruit body, begins as a partially buried whitish egg-shaped structure, which bursts open as a hollow white stipe with reddish arms, then erupts and grows to a height of up to 15 mm (0.6 in). It matures into a star-shaped structure with seven to nine thin reddish tubular "arms" up to 10 mm (0.4 in) long radiating from the central area. The top of the receptacle is covered with dark olive-brown spore-slime, or gleba. A. coccinea can be distinguished from the more common species A. rubra by differences in the color of the receptacle, and in the structure of the arms. The edibility of the fungus has not been reported.

Aseroe rubra
Aseroe rubra, commonly known as the anemone stinkhorn, sea anemone fungus and starfish fungus, is a common and widespread basidiomycete fungus recognizable for its foul odour of carrion and its sea anemone shape when mature. Found in gardens on mulch and in grassy areas, it resembles a red star-shaped structure covered in brownish slime called gleba on a white stalk. It attracts flies, which spread its spores.
Roland Penner
Roland Penner CM OM QC (July 30, 1924 – May 31, 2018) was a Canadian political activist and lawyer who became a cabinet minister in the Manitoba provincial government and dean of law at the University of Manitoba.

Order of Manitoba
The Order of Manitoba is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Instituted in 1999 when Lieutenant Governor Peter Liba granted royal assent to the Order of Manitoba Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Manitoba residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Manitoba Crown.
Honoris Crux Gold
The Honoris Crux Gold (Gold Cross of Honour), post-nominal letters HCG, is a South African military decoration for bravery which was instituted in 1975. It was awarded to members of the South African Defence Force for outstanding acts of bravery while in extreme danger. It was the second most senior in a set of four classes of Honoris Crux decorations which replaced the discontinued Honoris Crux of 1952.

Honoris Crux (1952)
The Honoris Crux (Cross of Honour) of 1952, post-nominal letters HC, is a military decoration for bravery which was instituted by the Union of South Africa in 1952. It was in use from 1952 to 1975 and was awarded to members of the South African Defence Force for gallantry in action against the enemy in the field. It was discontinued on 1 July 1975, when it was replaced by a new set of four Honoris Crux decorations, in four classes.
True Blood: Music from the HBO Original Series, Vol. 3
True Blood: Music from the HBO Original Series, Vol. 3 is the soundtrack featuring songs from the third and fourth season of the HBO television series True Blood. The album was released through WaterTower Music on September 6, 2011, four days before the season finale and was accompanied by a deluxe edition that featured four additional songs, released a week later.

True Blood season 4
The fourth season of the television series True Blood contains 12 episodes, bringing the series total to 48. The season premiered on June 26, 2011. Though the storyline picks up twelve and a half months after the events of season three; the season still begins immediately after final scene of "Evil Is Going On". It is loosely based on the fourth novel in The Southern Vampire Mysteries series, Dead to the World.
Mel Pejic
Melvyn Pejic (born 27 April 1959) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Hereford United, Stoke City and Wrexham. His brother Mike was also a professional footballer as well as his son Shaun.

Shaun Pejic
Shaun Melvyn Pejic (born 16 November 1982) is a former professional footballer who played as a defender. He played club football in England, Wales, Canada and the United States and represented Wales at under-20 and under-21 levels. He works as a FIFA gameplay producer for EA Sports.