hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in porous materials covers the application of using NMR as a tool to study the structure of porous media and various processes occurring in them. This technique allows the determination of characteristics such as the porosity and pore size distribution, the permeability, the water saturation, the wettability, etc.

Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam).

There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning.

The term porosity is used in multiple fields including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, petrophysics, hydrology, earth sciences, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and engineering.
Benny Golson
Benny Golson (January 25, 1929 – September 21, 2024) was an American bebop and hard bop jazz tenor saxophonist, composer, and arranger. He came to prominence with the big bands of Lionel Hampton and Dizzy Gillespie, more as a writer than a performer, before launching his solo career. Golson was known for co-founding and co-leading The Jazztet with trumpeter Art Farmer in 1959. From the late 1960s through the 1970s Golson was in demand as an arranger for film and television and thus was less active as a performer, but he and Farmer re-formed the Jazztet in 1982.

Many of Golson's compositions have become jazz standards, including "I Remember Clifford", "Blues March", "Stablemates", "Whisper Not", "Along Came Betty", and "Killer Joe". He is regarded as "one of the most significant contributors" to the development of hard bop jazz, and was a recipient of a Grammy Trustees Award in 2021.

Lionel Hampton
Lionel Leo Hampton (April 20, 1908 – August 31, 2002) was an American jazz vibraphonist, percussionist, and bandleader. He worked with jazz musicians from Teddy Wilson, Benny Goodman, and Buddy Rich, to Charlie Parker, Charles Mingus, and Quincy Jones. In 1992, he was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame, and he was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1996.

Hampton was a member of the executive committee of the Writers and Artists for Peace in the Middle East, a pro-Israel group. In 1984, he signed a letter protesting German arms sales to Saudi Arabia.
Coca-Cola Lime
Coca-Cola Lime is a soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company. It is a version of the original Coca-Cola containing lime flavoring. There also exist non-sugar variations based on Diet Coke or Coca-Cola Zero Sugar. Lime was the fourth flavor to be launched by the company in their line of cola products after the launches of Cherry, Lemon and Vanilla. Besides being sold in cans and bottles, Coca-Cola Lime can also be created in Coca-Cola Freestyle machines.

Coca-Cola Zero Sugar
Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, also known as Coca-Cola No Sugar, commonly known as Coke Zero, is a diet soda produced by the Coca-Cola Company. The drink was introduced in 2005 as Coca-Cola Zero, designed to be a no-calorie equivalent of the company's flagship cola drink, Coca-Cola, with artificial sweeteners in place to imitate the sugar taste. It is distinct from the company's earlier Diet Coke product which was based on an entirely different formula. In 2016–2017, the drink was reformulated and the name changed to Coca-Cola Zero Sugar (with language variations for some regions), and the drink was reformulated again in 2021.
Bardhaman-Rampurhat Section
The Barddhaman–Rampurhat section is a railway line connecting Bardhaman and Rampurhat. This 112 kilometres (69 mi) track is part of the Howrah-New Jalpaiguri Main Line and Sahibganj Loop. It is under the jurisdiction of Howrah Division of Eastern Railway.A large number of local, express and superfast trains, along with a huge volume of freight traffic, operate on this route every day.

Kiul–Khana Loop Line
The Kiul—Khana Loop Line is a railway line connecting Kiul Junction  and Khana Junction. Originally a part of the Howrah–Delhi main line, it was opened to traffic in 1866. With the construction of a shorter railway line for a part of the route, the 403.8 kilometres (250.9 mi) stretch was assigned a separate identity.
Carl Hubbell
Carl Owen Hubbell (June 22, 1903 – November 21, 1988), nicknamed "the Meal Ticket" and "King Carl", was an American Major League Baseball player. He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco.

Twice voted the National League's Most Valuable Player, Hubbell was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1947. During 1936 and 1937, Hubbell set the major league record for consecutive wins by a pitcher with 24. He is perhaps best remembered for his performance in the 1934 All-Star Game, when he struck out five future Hall of Famers – Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Al Simmons and Joe Cronin – in succession. Hubbell's primary pitch was the screwball.

Joe Cronin
Joseph Edward Cronin (October 12, 1906 – September 7, 1984) was an American professional baseball player, manager and executive. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop, most notably as a member of the Boston Red Sox. Cronin spent over 48 years in baseball, culminating with 14 years as president of the American League (AL).

During his 20-year playing career (1926–1945), Cronin played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Washington Senators and the Boston Red Sox; he was a player-manager for 13 seasons (1933–1945), and served as manager for two additional seasons (1946–1947). A seven-time All-Star, Cronin became the first American League player to become an All-Star with two teams; he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1956.
Tapling Collection
The Tapling Collection of postage stamps was donated to the British Museum from the estate of Thomas Tapling in 1891.

The probate value of the Tapling collection was set at £12,000 but on arrival Richard Garnett (assistant keeper of Printed Books) estimated their value at more than £50,000 and described the bequest as the most valuable gift since the Grenville Library in 1847 (equivalent to £24,000,000 in 2011).

It is held in the Philatelic Collections of the British Library and selected items are on permanent public exhibition.

The collection covers the period 1840 to 1890 with some items up to 1900 added subsequently and recorded on the album pages. As of January 2009 the stamps were held in 72 boxes and the postal stationery part held in 113 albums and seven boxes.

British Library Philatelic Collections
The British Library Philatelic Collections is the national philatelic collection of the United Kingdom with over 8 million items from around the world. It was established in 1891 as part of the British Museum Library, later to become the British Library, with the collection of Thomas Tapling. In addition to bequests and continuing donations, the library received consistent deposits by the Crown Agency and has become a primary research collection for British Empire and international history. The collections contain a wide range of artefacts in addition to postage stamps, from newspaper stamps to a press used to print the first British postage stamps.
SPICES (Scouting)
The SPICES (Social, Physical, Intellectual, Character/Creativity, Emotional and Spiritual) are learning objectives, or areas of personal development explored through scouting programmes in a number of countries. The acronym was created during the development of the ONE Programme scheme by Scouting Ireland, but has since been adopted by Scouts Canada, Scouts Australia, Scouts New Zealand and Scout Association of Malta. These objectives reflect the aims of Scouting rather than the methodologies – the Scout Method.

Scout Association of Malta
Founded in 1908, The Scout Association of Malta (TSAM) is the Scouting organization in Malta. TSAM has always maintained a high and respectable Scouting tradition. Its leaders and members are committed to further the ideals of Scouting in line with those as traditionally established by the youth movement's Founder, Lord Robert Baden-Powell of Gilwell, and as further developed by the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). TSAM is a forward looking youth movement which, as a non-governmental organisation (NGO), enjoys great respect both locally and internationally. It is the only association in Malta which is recognised by the WOSM, and is also a  member of the European Scout Region.

TSAM's motto in Maltese is "Kun Lest", translating as Be Prepared in English. The official logo and membership badge of TSAM features the Maltese eight-pointed cross and the Scout fleur-de-lys logo motif.
Abhay Vakil
Abhay Arvind Vakil (1951–2021) was an Indian billionaire businessman, and a non-executive director of Asian Paints Ltd, India's largest paint company. As of October 2021, his net worth was estimated at US$6.25 billion. Vakil was among the 100 richest Indians.

As per Forbes list of India’s 100 richest tycoons, dated October 9, 2024, Vakil family is ranked 61st with a net worth of $5.35 Billion.

Asian Paints
Asian Paints Ltd is an Indian multinational paint company, headquartered in Mumbai. The company is engaged in the business of manufacturing, selling and distribution of paints, coatings, products related to home décor, bath fittings and providing related services.

Asian Paints is India's largest paints company by market share. The company has 27 paint manufacturing facilities in 15 countries, servicing consumers in over 60 countries. Asian Paints is also present in the home improvement and décor space in India.
Saint Titus Cathedral
The Cathedral of Saint Titus (Greek: Καθεδρικός Ναός Αγίου Τίτου, romanized: Agios Titos) is a Greek Orthodox church in the city of Heraklion, on the island of Crete, Greece. dedicated to Saint Titus. The current church was built in 1869 as a mosque, called the Yeni Cami ("New Mosque"), after the previous building was destroyed by the earthquake of 1856. In 1925 it was converted to Christian worship. The church was declared a cathedral of the archdiocese of Crete in 2013. The church is an eclectic style square temple with a dome. The exterior of the temple is dominated by vertical elements, while at the top there is a stone-carved apse.

Church of Crete
The Church of Crete (Greek: Εκκλησία της Κρήτης) is an Eastern Orthodox church, comprising the island of Crete in Greece. The Church of Crete is semi-autonomous (self-governing) under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. The current archbishop of Crete is Eugenios II.
The Manuscript Found in Saragossa
The Manuscript Found in Saragossa (French: Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse; also known in English as The Saragossa Manuscript) is a frame-tale novel written in French at the turn of 18th and 19th centuries by the Polish author Count Jan Potocki (1761–1815). It is narrated from the time of the Napoleonic Wars, and depicts events several decades earlier, during the reign of King Philip V (r. 1700–46).

The novel was adapted into a 1965 Polish-language film, The Saragossa Manuscript (Polish: Rękopis znaleziony w Saragossie), by director Wojciech Has, with Zbigniew Cybulski as Alphonse van Worden.

From May 2024, a manuscript covering Days 41–51 of the novel is presented at a permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth in Warsaw.

Frame story
A frame story (also known as a frame tale, framing device, frame narrative, sandwich narrative, or intercalation) is a literary technique that serves as a companion piece to a story within a story, where an introductory or main narrative sets the stage either for a more emphasized second narrative or for a set of shorter stories. The frame story leads readers from a first story into one or more other stories within it. The frame story may also be used to inform readers about aspects of the secondary narrative(s) that may otherwise be hard to understand. This should not be confused with narrative structure. Notable examples are the 1001 Nights and The Decameron.
Mohammad Khan Ustajlu
Mohammad Khan Ustajlu (Persian: محمد خان استاجلو; died 1514) was an Iranian military commander and official from the Turkoman Ustajlu tribe, who served during the reign of Safavid Shah Ismail I (r. 1501–1524). He played a pivotal role in Ismail I's conquests and expansion in Asia Minor and Mesopotamia, and functioned as governor of the Diyarbakr Province from 1506 to 1514. Mohammad Khan was killed while serving as a commander at the Battle of Chaldiran.

Safavid Diyarbakr
The province of Diyarbakr (Persian: ولایت دیاربکر, romanized: Velāyat-e Diārbakr) was a short-lived province of the Safavid Empire located in the area of present-day Turkey. Amida (Medieval Diyarbakır) was the provincial capital, and the seat of the Safavid governors. It had the following administrative jurisdictions; Orfah (Urfa), Jazireh (Cizre), Kharput (Elazığ), Mardin, Sert (Siirt), and Hesn Keyfeh (Hasankeyf).
Yalkut Shimoni
The Yalkut Shimoni (Hebrew: ילקוט שמעוני), or simply Yalkut,  is an aggadic compilation on the books of the Hebrew Bible. It is a compilation of older interpretations and explanations of Biblical passages, arranged according to the sequence of those portions of the Bible to which they referred.

Most of the text has been translated into German in 17 volumes (as of 7/2024) by Dagmar Börner-Klein.

Aggadah
Aggadah (Hebrew: אַגָּדָה, romanized: Aggāḏā, or הַגָּדָה Haggāḏā; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אֲגַדְתָּא, romanized: Aggāḏṯā; 'tales', 'legend', 'lore') is the non-legalistic exegesis which appears in the classical rabbinic literature of Judaism, particularly the Talmud and Midrash. In general, Aggadah is a compendium of rabbinic texts that incorporates folklore, historical anecdotes, moral exhortations, and practical advice in various spheres, from business to medicine. The predominant rabbinic holding is that Aggadah is meant to impart moral or theological truths through the form of allegory in order to be accessible, and it does not have to be taken literally.
Thomas Fincke (judge)
Thomas Fincke (14 October 1632 - September 1677) was a Danish Supreme Court justice, director of the Danish East India Company and county governor (amtmand) of Bornholm. He owned the estates Lejregård (now Ledreborg) and Aagaard. He was one of the judges who sentenced Peter Griffenfeld to death. He was the grandson of mathematician and physicist Thomas Fincke.

Peder Griffenfeld
Count Peder Griffenfeld (before ennoblement Peder Schumacher) (24 August 1635 – 12 March 1699) was a Danish statesman and royal favourite. He became the principal adviser to King Christian V of Denmark from 1670 and the de facto ruler of the dual kingdom of Denmark-Norway in the first half of the 1670s. In 1673 he was appointed as Chancellor of Denmark, elevated to count, the highest aristocratic rank in Denmark-Norway, and received the Order of the Elephant, the country's highest order. At the behest of his enemies at court, Griffenfeld was arrested in early 1676 and convicted of treason, a charge that historians agree was false. He was imprisoned for 22 years, mainly at Munkholmen in Norway.
Russian destroyer Admiral Spiridonov
Admiral Spiridonov (Адмирал Спиридонов) was a Project 1155 Fregat Large Anti-Submarine Ship (Большой Противолодочный Корабль, BPK), known in the west as an Udaloy-class destroyer. The ship was named after Emil Spiridonov, a Soviet admiral who died in 1981. Launched in 1984, Admiral Spiridonov served in the Pacific Fleet with the Soviet and Russian Navies successively until being decommissioned in 2001. While in service, the vessel operated in exercises in the Sea of Japan and made good will visits to a number of Soviet allies during the latter part of the Cold War in Africa and Asia.

Udaloy-class destroyer
The Udaloy class, Soviet designation Project 1155 Fregat and Russian designation Project 11551 Fregat-M (Russian: Фрегат, 'Fregat' meaning Frigate), are series of anti-submarine guided-missile destroyers built for the Soviet Navy, seven of which are currently in service with the Russian Navy. Twelve ships were built between 1980 and 1990, while the thirteenth ship built to a modified design, known as Udaloy II class, followed in 1999. They complement the Sovremenny-class destroyers in anti-aircraft and anti-surface warfare operations. The codename Udaloy comes from a Russian adjective удалой, meaning daring or bold.
Tulosesus impatiens
Tulosesus impatiens (formerly Coprinellus impatiens) is a species of fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae. First described in 1821, it has been classified variously in the genera Psathyrella, Pseudocoprinus, Coprinarius, and Coprinus, before molecular phylogenetics reaffirmed it as a Coprinellus species in 2001. In 2020, German mycologists Dieter Wächter and Andreas Melzer reclassified many species of the Psathyrellaceae family based on a phylogenetic analysis and the species was renamed Tulosesus impatiens.

The fungus is found in North America and Europe, where the mushrooms grow on the ground in deciduous forests. The fruit bodies have buff caps that are up to 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter, held by slender whitish stems that can be up to 10 cm (3.9 in) tall. Several other Coprinopsis species that resemble T. impatiens may be distinguished by differences in appearance, habit, or spore morphology.

Psathyrella
Psathyrella is a large genus of about 400 species, and is similar to the genera Coprinellus, Coprinopsis, Coprinus and Panaeolus, usually with a thin cap and white or yellowish white hollow stem. The caps do not self digest as do those of Coprinellus and Coprinopsis. Some also have brown spores rather than black. These fungi are often drab-colored, difficult to identify, and all members are considered inedible or worthless (for eating) and so they are often overlooked. However they are quite common and can occur at times when there are few other mushrooms to be seen. The first report of a gilled mushroom fruiting underwater is Psathyrella aquatica.

The genus name Psathyrella is a diminutive form of Psathyra, derived from the Greek word ψαθυρος, psathuros 'friable'.  The type species of Psathyrella is Psathyrella gracilis, which is now known as Psathyrella corrugis.
Peter Leahy
Lieutenant General Peter Francis Leahy, AC (born 30 October 1952) is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army, whose military career culminated with his appointment as Chief of the Army from 2002 until 2008. He has been director of the National Security Institute, University of Canberra, since October 2008.

Chief of Army (Australia)
The Chief of Army is the most senior appointment in the Australian Army, responsible to both the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) and the Secretary, Department of Defence (SECDEF). The rank associated with the position is lieutenant general (3-star).

Lieutenant General Simon Stuart, the incumbent Chief of Army, has held the post since 2 July 2022.
Grand-Place, Tournai
The Grand-Place (French: [ɡʁɑ̃ plas]; "Grand Square") is the main square and the centre of activity of Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium. The square has a triangular shape, owing it to the convergence of several ancient roads, and it covers 7,500 m2 (81,000 sq ft).

As in many Belgian cities, there are a number of cafés and pubs on the Grand-Place. In the middle of the square there are a series of water fountains, while a circular staircase to the top of the city's Belfry can be climbed.

Belfry of Tournai
The Belfry of Tournai (French: Beffroi de Tournai) is a freestanding bell tower of medieval origin in Tournai, Belgium, 72 metres (236 ft) in height with a 256-step stairway. This landmark building is one of a set of Belfries of Belgium and France registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List in recognition of their civic architecture and importance in the rise of municipal power in Europe.
Groove (joinery)
In joinery, a groove is a slot or trench cut into a member which runs parallel to the grain. A groove is thus differentiated from a dado, which runs across the grain.

Grooves are used for a range of purposes in cabinet making and other woodworking fields. Typically,  grooves are used to house the panels in frame and panel construction and the bottoms of drawers. For more structural construction, grooves are created along the sides and/or ends of panels, such as in tongue and groove construction. Applications include roofing, siding and flooring.

A groove may be through, meaning that it passes all the way through the surface and its ends are open, or stopped, meaning that one or both of the ends finish before the groove meets edge of the surface.

Joinery
Joinery is a part of woodworking that involves joining pieces of wood, engineered lumber, or synthetic substitutes (such as laminate), to produce more complex items. Some woodworking joints employ mechanical fasteners, bindings, or adhesives, while others use only wood elements (such as dowels or plain mortise and tenon fittings).

The characteristics of wooden joints—strength, flexibility, toughness, appearance, etc.—derive from the properties of the materials involved and the purpose of the joint. Therefore, different joinery techniques are used to meet differing requirements. For example, the joinery used to construct a house can be different from that used to make cabinetry or furniture, although some concepts overlap. In British English joinery is distinguished from carpentry, which is considered to be a form of structural timber work; in other locales joinery is considered a form of carpentry.
Anthony Lima
Anthony "Tony" Lima, MBE RD (born 17 January 1946) is a Gibraltarian politician, and former Mayor of Gibraltar. He was appointed to the office of deputy mayor on 1 August 2011 and to that of mayor on 1 August 2012. He was a former Customs Collector and Commanding officer of the Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) unit HMS Calpe.

Mayor of Gibraltar
The Mayor of Gibraltar is the ceremonial official of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The mayor is appointed by the elected Members of Parliament and the office is situated at City Hall John Mackintosh Square. Since 16 June 2025, Nicky Guerrero succeeded Carmen Gomez (theatre actress, author and Miss Gibraltar 1970) for the role.
Lilybank
Lilybank is a neighbourhood in the east of Glasgow, Scotland. Neighbouring areas Newbank to the west, Braidfauld to the east and the eastern part of Parkhead to the north. The A74 London Road runs to the south, with the land on the opposite side between the road and the River Clyde not used for residential purposes: the Barrowfield football training ground owned by Celtic F.C., and the Dewar's whisky bottling plant and warehouses, the latter on the former Westthorn country estate.

In a wider sense, many residents of Lilybank would consider themselves residents of Parkhead or Tollcross, but they were officially placed within the Braidfauld ward of Glasgow City Council from 1995 to 2007; since then, the neighbourhood (west of Maukinfauld Road) has been in the Calton ward, while surrounding streets to the north and east fall under Shettleston ward.

Parkhead
Parkhead (Scots: Pairkheid) is a district in the East End of Glasgow. Its name comes from a small weaving hamlet at the meeting place of the Great Eastern Road (now the Gallowgate and Tollcross Road) and Westmuir Street. Glasgow's Eastern Necropolis cemetery was laid out in the area in 1847 beside the Gallowgate.  It borders with Shettleston and Tollcross to the immediate east, and Camlachie and Dennistoun to the west.