hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2009 NAB Cup
The 2009 NAB Cup was the Australian Football League pre-season competition that was played before the Australian Football League's 2009 Premiership season begins. It culminated with the final on 13 March 2009 played between Geelong and Collingwood, which was won by Geelong. The final was originally scheduled for 14 March 2009 but was moved by the AFL so that the match did not clash with the Sound Relief benefit concert for the Victorian bushfires.

2009 AFL season
The 2009 AFL season was the 113th season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Australia, which was known as the Victorian Football League until 1989. The season featured sixteen clubs, ran from 26 March until 26 September, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top eight clubs.

The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club for the eighth time, after it defeated St Kilda by twelve points in the 2009 AFL Grand Final.
Connecticut Route 27
Route 27 is a north–south state highway in southeastern Connecticut running for 3.21 miles (5.17 km) from U.S. Route 1 in Mystic (in the town of Stonington) to Route 184 in Old Mystic (in the town of Groton).

U.S. Route 1 in Connecticut
U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in the U.S. state of Connecticut is a major east–west U.S. Route along Long Island Sound. It has been replaced by Interstate 95 (I-95) as a through route, which it closely parallels, and now primarily serves as a local business route. Despite its largely east–west orientation, it is part of a north–south route and is mostly signed north–south.

Most of US 1 through Connecticut encompasses its predecessor, the Boston Post Road, and, in many towns, it is still named Boston Post Road (or Post Road).
WZCB
WZCB (106.7 FM) – branded 106.7 The Beat – is a commercial mainstream urban radio station licensed to Dublin, Ohio, serving the Columbus metro area. Owned by iHeartMedia, the WZCB studios are located in Downtown Columbus, while its transmitter resides near Columbus' northeast side. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WZCB broadcasts over two HD Radio channels, and streams online via iHeartRadio.

Dublin, Ohio
Dublin is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. A suburb of Columbus, it falls within the jurisdictions of Franklin, Delaware, Union, and Madison counties. The population was 49,328 at the 2020 census. The Dublin Irish Festival advertises itself as the largest three-day Irish festival in the world.
Jayant Ganpat Nadkarni
Admiral Jayant Ganpat "Podgy" Nadkarni,  PVSM, AVSM, NM, VSM, ADC (5 December 1931 – 2 July 2018) was an Indian Navy Admiral who served as the 12th Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy from 1 December 1987 to 30 November 1990.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Telethon (Parks and Recreation)
"Telethon" is the 22nd episode of the second season of the American comedy television series Parks and Recreation, and the 28th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on May 6, 2010. In the episode, Leslie volunteers to host a charity telethon and is given the unappealing 2 a.m. to 6 a.m. shift.

The episode was directed by Troy Miller and written by Amy Poehler, who stars as the protagonist Leslie Knope, her first script for the series. "Telethon" featured a guest appearance by retired basketball player Detlef Schrempf, as well as several actors who had previously appeared in Parks and Recreation, including Mo Collins and Jay Jackson.

The episode received generally positive reviews and, according to Nielsen Media Research, was seen by 4.03 million household viewers, roughly the same as the previous week's episode, "94 Meetings".

94 Meetings
"94 Meetings" is the 21st episode of the second season of the American comedy television series Parks and Recreation, and the 27th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 29, 2010. In the episode, Ron is forced to handle 94 meetings in a single day due to an error by his assistant, April. Meanwhile, Leslie tries to stop alterations to a historic mansion while dealing with her hidden insecurities about the escalation of Ann and Mark's romantic relationship.

The episode was written by Harris Wittels and directed by Tristram Shapeero. It featured guest appearances by several actors who had appeared in previous episodes, including Susan Yeagley, Alison Becker and Yvans Jourdain. It also introduced April Ludgate's family. According to Nielsen Media Research, "94 Meetings" was seen by 4.03 million household viewers, and received particularly high ratings among males between ages 18 and 34. The episode received generally positive reviews.
Phyz
Phyz (Dax Phyz) is a public domain, 2.5D physics engine with built-in editor and DirectX graphics and sound. In contrast to most other real-time physics engines, it is vertex based and stochastic. Its integrator is based on a SIMD-enabled assembly version of the Mersenne Twister random number generator, instead of traditional LCP or iterative methods, allowing simulation of large numbers of micro objects with Brownian motion and macro effects such as object resonance and deformation.

Physics engine
A physics engine is computer software that provides an approximate simulation of certain physical systems, typically classical dynamics, including rigid body dynamics (including collision detection), soft body dynamics, and fluid dynamics. It is of use in the domains of computer graphics, video games and film (CGI). Their main uses are in video games (typically as middleware), in which case the simulations are in real-time. The term is sometimes used more generally to describe any software system for simulating physical phenomena, such as high-performance scientific simulation.
European Helicopter Safety Team
The European Helicopter Safety Team (EHEST) was a European aviation safety improvement initiative focusing on improving helicopter safety in Europe and worldwide. It was established in 2006 as part of the European Strategic Safety Initiative (ESSI) of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The goal of the European Helicopter Safety Team was to contribute to reducing the worldwide helicopter accident rate by 80% in the time-span 2006-2016, which was set as a goal by the International Helicopter Safety Team (IHST) in 2006. Focusing on European helicopter operators and manufacturers, the European Helicopter Safety Team conducted helicopter accident analyses, provided technology potential studies, and published safety management and training documents.

European Union Aviation Safety Agency
The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is an agency of the European Commission with responsibility for civil aviation safety in the European Union. It carries out certification, regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring.: §4.3  It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world.: §4.3

The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003.: §4.3
Humcha Jain temples
The Humcha Jain temples or Humcha basadis are a group of temples found in Humcha village of Shimoga district in Karnataka, India. They were constructed in the 7th century CE in the period of the Santara dynasty and are regarded as one of the major Jain centres of Karnataka. The Padmavati Basadi is the most well-known of these temples.

Humcha
Humcha /  Hombuja is a small town near Ripponpet, Hosanagara taluk in Shimoga district in the Indian state of Karnataka.  Humbaja Atishaya Jain Teerth Kshetra is famous for being home to an ancient temple of Goddess Padmavati, and to the Humbaj Matha (seminary/monastery), an important institution of the Jain community. This temple is considered to be very holy and is known for its cultural and historical heritage. Other notable highlights of the place are a lake that reputedly never dries up and a tree that likewise always remains green.

Jain devotees of this holy place are everywhere throughout India and also in foreign countries. Thousands of devotees come to the Hombaja every year for fulfillment of their desires.
Baron Garvagh
Baron Garvagh, of Garvagh in the County Londonderry, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1818 for George Canning. He had previously represented Sligo and Petersfield in Parliament and also served as Lord Lieutenant of County Londonderry. Canning was the first cousin of both Prime Minister George Canning and the diplomat Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe. The title is currently held by his great-great-great-grandson, the sixth Baron, who succeeded his father in 2013.

The family seat was Garvagh House, near Garvagh, County Londonderry.

George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh
George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh FRS (15 November 1778 – 20 August 1840) was an Anglo-Irish Member of Parliament.

Garvagh was the son of Paul Canning and the grandson of Stratford Canning of Garvagh in County Londonderry. Prime Minister George Canning and the diplomat Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, were his first cousins. He was elected to the House of Commons for Sligo Borough in 1806, a seat he held until 1812, and then represented Petersfield from 1812 to 1820. On 1 February 1810 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and on 28 October 1818 he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Garvagh, of Garvagh in the County of Londonderry. Lord Garvagh later served as Lord Lieutenant of County Londonderry between 1831 and 1840.  He died while staying at a hotel in Châlons-sur-Marne (now renamed Châlons-en-Champagne) in August 1840, aged 61, and was succeeded in the barony by his son Charles Henry Spencer George Canning.
Gram matrix
In linear algebra, the Gram matrix (or Gramian matrix, Gramian) of vectors  in an inner product space is the Hermitian matrix of inner products, whose entries are given by the inner product . If the vectors  are the columns of matrix  then the Gram matrix is  in the general case that the vector coordinates are complex numbers, which simplifies to  for the case that the vector coordinates are real numbers.

An important application is to compute linear independence: a set of vectors are linearly independent if and only if the Gram determinant (the determinant of the Gram matrix) is non-zero.

It is named after Jørgen Pedersen Gram.

Hermitian matrix
In mathematics, a Hermitian matrix (or self-adjoint matrix) is a  square matrix that is equal to its own conjugate transpose—that is, the element in the i-th row and j-th column is equal to the complex conjugate of the element in the j-th row and i-th column, for all indices i and j. In index form, or in matrix form:

Hermitian matrices can be understood as the complex extension of real symmetric matrices.

If the conjugate transpose of a matrix  is denoted by  then the Hermitian property can be written concisely as

Hermitian matrices are named after Charles Hermite, who demonstrated in 1855 that matrices of this form share a property with real symmetric matrices of always having real eigenvalues. Other, equivalent notations in common use are  although in quantum mechanics,  typically means the complex conjugate only, and not the conjugate transpose.
George Douglas of Pittendreich
George Douglas of Pittendreich (died 1552) was a member of the powerful Red Douglas family who struggled for control of the young James V of Scotland in 1528. His second son became James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton and Regent of Scotland. Initially, George Douglas promoted the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and Prince Edward of England. After war was declared between England and Scotland he worked for peace and to increase the power of Mary of Guise, the widow of James V.

Earl of Angus
The Mormaer or Earl of Angus was the ruler of the medieval Scottish province of Angus. The title, in the Peerage of Scotland, is held by the Duke of Hamilton, and is used as a courtesy title for the eldest son of the Duke's eldest son.
Ronald Tubid
Ronald Tubid  (born October 15, 1981) is a Filipino professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the Terrafirma Dyip of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He last played for the San Miguel Beermen of the PBA. Known by many as The Fearless, he was also known, along with backcourt tandem Mark Caguioa and Jayjay Helterbrand, as one-third of the so-called, The Fast, The Furious, and The Fearless. He was also known as The Saint for his resemblance to a depiction of Catholic saint Pedro Calungsod in a 1999 oil painting by Rafael del Casal.

Jayjay Helterbrand
Anthony "Jayjay" Helterbrand  (born Lamberto Romero Vicente, Jr. on October 14, 1976) is a Filipino-American basketball player who last played for the Biñan Tatak Gel of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) and Pilipinas Super League (PSL). He previously played with the Barangay Ginebra San Miguel of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). Known by many as Helter Skelter, he is also known, along with backcourt tandem Mark Caguioa, as one-half of the so-called, The Fast and the Furious.
Sampot
A sampot (Khmer: សំពត់ /sɑmpʊət/ Khmer pronunciation: [sɑmpɔt]), a traditional dress in Cambodia. The traditional dress is similar to the dhoti of Southern Asia. It is also worn in the neighboring countries of Laos and Thailand where it is known as pha nung (Thai: ผ้านุ่ง [pʰâː nûŋ]).

Dhoti
The dhoti is an ankle-length breechcloth, wrapped around the waist and the legs, in resemblance to the shape of trousers. The dhoti is a garment of ethnic wear for men in the Indian subcontinent. The dhoti is fashioned out of a rectangular piece of unstitched cloth, of usually around 4 yards (3.7 m) in length.

The dhoti is the male counterpart of the sari, worn by females to religious and secular ceremonies (functions). A pitambar is a yellow silk dhoti worn on auspicious occasions. Dhotis must not be confused with "readymade panchakachams" or "dhoti pants", which are a new ready to wear trend, popular among women and typical of children. Although the terms mundu or veshti are used interchangeably with "dhoti", they are different from the dhoti, which is "looped" or wrapped around the legs, in the form of trousers or pants. The dhoti is better known as panchakacham in South India, which may even be worn while doing dances such as the moonwalk.
Roadrailer
RoadRailers were a trailer or semi-trailer that could be hauled on roads by a tractor unit and then by way of a fifth wheel coupling, operate in a unit train on railway lines. The RoadRailer system allowed trailers to be pulled by locomotives without the use of flatcars, instead attaching trailers directly to bogies.

Flatcar
A flatcar (US) (also flat car, or flatbed) is a piece of rolling stock that consists of an open, flat deck mounted on trucks (US) or bogies (UK) at each end. Occasionally, flat cars designed to carry extra heavy or extra large loads are mounted on a pair (or rarely, more) of bogies under each end. The deck of the car can be wood or steel, and the sides of the deck can include pockets for stakes or tie-down points to secure loads. Flatcars designed for carrying machinery have sliding chain assemblies recessed in the deck.

Flatcars are used for loads that are too large or cumbersome to load in enclosed cars such as boxcars, but which will not be harmed by the weather.  They are also often used to transport intermodal containers (shipping containers) or trailers as part of intermodal freight transport shipping.
Chaenotricha cilians
Chaenotricha cilians is a species of pin lichen in the family Coniocybaceae. It was described as new to science in 2023 from Estonia, and is one of two species in the newly established genus Chaenotricha. Unlike most lichens, it grows on the fruiting bodies of bracket fungi in the genus Trichaptum rather than on bark or rock, producing tiny dark pin-like structures along the edges of its host. The species is known from boreal and hemiboreal forests across northern Europe, with a single record from Canada.

Chaenotricha
Chaenotricha is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Coniocybaceae. Species live fungicolously, growing on the fruiting bodies of the poroid bracket fungus Trichaptum, and produce tiny, pin-like, dust-sporing fruiting bodies typical of calicioid lichens. The genus was established in 2023 to accommodate a distinct lineage of Trichaptum specialists. These lichens occur on standing dead conifer trunks and snags in boreal and hemiboreal forests of northern Europe and North America. The two described species are distinguished primarily by stalk length and ascospore size, though DNA sequencing is often needed for reliable identification.
Goumang
Goumang, also known as Jumang (句芒), is an auxiliary god of the Fuxi family. The Classic of Mountains and Seas described his appearance as "having a human face and a bird's body, riding on two dragons". He is the god of wood and spring, in charge of life and health.

Fuxi
Fuxi or Fu Hsi is a culture hero in Chinese mythology, credited along with his sister and wife Nüwa with creating humanity and the invention of music, hunting, fishing, domestication, and cooking, as well as the Cangjie system of writing Chinese characters around 2900 BC or 2000 BC. He is also said to be the originator of bagua (the eight trigrams) after observing that there were eight fundamental building blocks in nature: heaven, earth, water, fire, thunder, wind, mountain, and lake. These eight are all made of different combinations of yin and yang, which are what came to be called bagua.

Fuxi was counted as the first mythical emperor of China, "a divine being with a serpent's body" who was miraculously born, a Taoist deity, and/or a member of the Three Sovereigns at the beginning of the Chinese dynastic period. Some representations show him as a human with snake-like characteristics, "a leaf-wreathed head growing out of a mountain", "or as a man clothed with animal skins."
Vajirananavarorasa
Vajirananavarorasa (also spelled Wachirayan, Watchirayanawarorot, correct Pali spelling: Vajirañāṇavarorasa, Thai: วชิรญาณวโรรส, full title Somdet Phramahasamanachao Kromphraya Vajirananavarorasa สมเด็จพระมหาสมณเจ้ากรมพระยาวชิรญาณวโรรส ) (12 April 1860 – 2 August 1921) was the tenth Supreme Patriarch of Thailand from 1910 to 1921. He helped to institutionalize Thai Buddhism.

Destined to become "the leading intellectual of his generation in Siam", in the words of the Thai historian David K. Wyatt (cited in Reynolds 1979:xiii), his royal name was Prince Manuṣyanāgamānaba (พระองค์เจ้ามนุษยนาคมานพ) ('he who is a nāga among men'). Vajirañāṇavarorasa is the name he received on a gold nameplate together with the Krommamuen rank on 16 March 1882.

Supreme Patriarch of Thailand
The Supreme Patriarch of Thailand or Sangharaja (Thai: สังฆราช, romanized: Sangkharat, lit. 'King of monks' or 'king of monastic communities') is the head of the order of Buddhist monks in Thailand. His full title is Somdet Phra Saṅgharāja Sakalamahāsaṅghapariṇāyaka (Thai: สมเด็จพระสังฆราช สกลมหาสังฆปริณายก, romanized: Somdet Phra Sangkharat Sakonmahasangkhaparinayok, lit. 'the Supreme Patriarch, the Head of all Members of the Sangha').
Hanekonma
Hanekonma (はね駒) is a 1986 Japanese television serial, the 36th NHK asadora drama. Written by Koharu Terauchi, it was inspired by the life of Haruko Isomura (1877-1918), a pioneer female newspaper reporter of the Meiji and Taishō eras.

Like its predecessor, Oshin, an English-subtitled version of the serial, described as a "high-class soapie", was broadcast in Australia on SBS, under the title Rin, in 1988.

Oshin
Oshin (おしん) is a Japanese serialized morning television drama (asadora), which originally aired on NHK from 4 March 1983 to 31 March 1984; it is the 31st asadora overall to be produced. The 297 15-minute episodes follow the life of Shin Tanokura (田倉しん, Tanokura Shin) during the Meiji period up to the early 1980s. In the work, Shin is called Oshin, the O- forming an archaic cognomen.

It was one of the country's most watched serials of all time and has aired in 68 other countries, with subtitles ranging from English to Arabic. In 1984, the earlier episodes of the drama (focused on young Oshin) were made into an animated movie by Sanrio. The movie reused Sugako Hashida's scripts, and Ayako Kobayashi, who played young Oshin, did Oshin's voiceover.
Charlie Sava
Charles Sava (June 6, 1910 – May 1, 1983) was a Hall of Fame American swimming coach, who led the women's team of San Francisco's Crystal Plunge Swim Club to 10 consecutive National AAU championships between 1944-1948.  Sava's best known Olympic swimmers included 1948 two-time gold medalist Ann Curtis Cuneo, 1948 London Olympic diver Vicki Draves, 1948 London Olympic backstroker Barbara Jensen, 1968 Mexico City Olympic Silver medalist Lynn Vidali, and 1952 Helsinki Olympic freestyler Delia Meulenkamp Dooly.  1964 Tokyo Gold Medalist Donna de Varona, and 1972 Munich Olympic gold medalist Mark Spitz did some training with Sava, but also received essential training from Coach George Haines at the Santa Clara Swim Club.

George Haines
George Frederick Haines (March 9, 1924 – May 1, 2006) was an American competitive swimmer and coach who for twenty-three years coached the highly successful Santa Clara Swim Club which he founded in 1951. He later coached UCLA, Stanford University, and six U.S. Olympic swim teams. In 1977, he was inducted as an Honor Coach into the International Swimming Hall of Fame who later voted him "Coach of the Century" in 2001.
Vetusodon
Vetusodon is an extinct genus of cynodonts belonging to the clade Epicynodontia. It contains one species, Vetusodon elikhulu, which is known from four specimens found in the Late Permian Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. With a skull length of about 18 centimetres (7.1 in), Vetusodon is the largest known cynodont from the Permian. Through convergent evolution, it possessed several unusual features reminiscent of the contemporary therocephalian Moschorhinus, including broad, robust jaws, large incisors and canines, and small, single-cusped postcanine teeth.

Moschorhinus
Moschorhinus is an extinct genus of therocephalian synapsid in the family Akidnognathidae with only one species: M. kitchingi, which has been found in the Late Permian to Early Triassic of the South African Karoo Supergroup. It was a large carnivorous therapsid, reaching 1.1–1.5 metres (3.6–4.9 ft) in total body length with the largest skull comparable to that of a lion in size, and had a broad, blunt snout which bore long, straight canines.

Moschorhinus appears to have ecologically replaced the gorgonopsids as an apex predator, and hunted much like a big cat. While most abundant in the Late Permian, it survived into the Early Triassic in small numbers after the Permian Extinction, though these Triassic survivors had stunted growth.