hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aggression in cattle
Aggression in cattle is usually a result of fear, learning, and hormonal state, however, many other factors can contribute to aggressive behaviors in cattle.

Despite the fact that bulls (uncastrated male cattle) are generally significantly more aggressive than cows, there are far more reported cases of cows attacking humans than bulls, and the majority of farm-related injuries and fatalities by cattle is caused by cows. This is most likely due to the fact that there are far more female cattle on a farm than bulls, so statistically the likelihood of injury or death from cattle is more likely to be caused by cows. However, this is also exacerbated by the fact that many people are unaware of the potential for aggression in cows, especially during, and immediately after, calving (giving birth) and when cows feel threatened or are seeking to protect their young.

Bull
A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species Bos taurus (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in beef ranching, dairy farming, and a variety of sporting and cultural activities, including bullfighting and bull riding.
Freddy Kiwitt
Frederick Kiwitt is a Liberian-German professional boxer who is the current WBF super welterweight champion, holding the title since November 2023. He also held the WBO European welterweight title in 2019.

Welterweight
Welterweight is a weight class in combat sports. Originally the term welterweight was used only in boxing, but other combat sports like muay Thai, taekwondo, and mixed martial arts also use it for their own weight division system to classify the opponents. If used, welterweight is typically between lightweight and middleweight.
Worsthorne
Worsthorne is a rural village on the eastern outskirts of Burnley in Lancashire, England.  It is in the civil parish of Worsthorne-with-Hurstwood and the borough of Burnley. At the 2011 census the village had a population of 1,028.

The village was known as Worthesthorn in 1202, which means "thorn tree of a man named 'Weorth'."

The village has a small village green, overlooked by the church and Bay Horse public house. Buildings in the village include cottages dating from the 16th and 17th centuries, and housing for millworkers dating from the Industrial Revolution. Relatively high property prices in the village reflect the fact that it is perceived to be a desirable place to live, with low crime and good education.

Borough of Burnley
The Borough of Burnley (/ˈbɜːrnli/) is a local government district with the borough status in Lancashire, England. It has an area of 42.9 square miles (111 km2) and a population of 95,553 (2022), and is named after its largest town, Burnley. The borough also contains the town of Padiham along with several villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Rossendale, Hyndburn, Ribble Valley, Pendle and Calderdale.
Pony Malta
Pony Malta is a malt-based non-alcoholic beverage produced in Colombia by Cervecería Bavaria since 1956. Currently, the beverage is distributed in Chile, Mexico, Spain, and Ecuador. It is the best-selling malt beverage in both Peru and Colombia.

Bavaria Brewery (Colombia)
Bavaria Brewery (Spanish: Cervecería Bavaria), formally known as Bavaria S.A., is a Colombian brewery company founded on April 4, 1889, by Leo S. Kopp, a German immigrant. In 2005, Bavaria Brewery became a subsidiary of SABMiller. Before the merger, Bavaria was the second-largest brewery in South America.

On 10 October 2016, Anheuser-Busch InBev acquired the SABMiller company, so SABMiller ceased to exist as a corporation and ceased trading on global stock markets, and Bavaria became a division of the first.
Baron Davies
Baron Davies, of Llandinam in the County of Montgomery, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1932 for the Welsh businessman, Liberal member of parliament and philanthropist, David Davies. He was the grandson and namesake of the prominent industrialist David Davies Llandinam.

The second Baron Davies was the son of the first Baron and his first wife, Amy, daughter of L. T. Penman. He married Ruth, daughter of Major William Marshall Dugdale, in 1939. They had two sons. Lord Davies fought in the Second World War as a major in the Royal Welch Fusiliers and was killed on the Western Front in September 1944, aged 29, only three months after succeeding his father in the barony. His three-year-old eldest son, David, inherited the barony shortly before his fourth birthday.

As of 2026, the title is held by the fourth Baron, who succeeded his father in that year.

David Davies, 1st Baron Davies
David Davies, 1st Baron Davies FRGS (11 May 1880 – 16 June 1944) was a Welsh Liberal Party politician and public benefactor who was MP for Montgomeryshire from 1906 to 1929. He was a grandson of the great Welsh industrialist David Davies. As a philanthropist, he established the King Edward VII Welsh National Memorial Association to combat tuberculosis in Wales, as well as the Wilson Chair of International Politics at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.
Christina Kahrl
Christina Kahrl is one of the co-founders of Baseball Prospectus. She is the former executive editor of the think tank's website, BaseballProspectus.com, the former managing editor for their annual publication, former writer and editor for ESPN.com, and is currently sports editor of the San Francisco Chronicle. She is a member of the Baseball Writers' Association of America.

Kahrl is an activist on civil rights issues for the transgender community in her hometown of Chicago and a member of the Equality Illinois board of directors. The story of her coming out as a transgender sportswriter in 2003 was part of a GLAAD award-nominated segment entitled "Transitions" on HBO's Real Sports that aired in 2010.

Baseball Writers' Association of America
The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) is a professional association for journalists writing about Major League Baseball for daily newspapers, magazines, and qualifying websites. The organization was founded in 1908 and is known for its annual awards and voting on membership in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Dyschronometria
Dyschronometria, also called dyschronia, is a condition of cerebellar dysfunction in which an individual cannot accurately estimate the amount of time that has passed (i.e., distorted time perception). It is associated with cerebellar ataxia, when the cerebellum has been damaged and does not function to its fullest ability.  Lesions to the cerebellum can cause dyssynergia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, dysarthria, and ataxia of stance and gait. Dyschronometria can result from autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA).

Dysmetria
Dysmetria (English: from Greek 'dys' meaning bad or difficult, and 'metron' meaning measure) is a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye. It is a type of ataxia. It can also include an inability to judge distance or scale.

Hypermetria and hypometria are, respectively, overshooting and undershooting the intended position.
General Electric J85
The General Electric J85 is a small single-shaft turbojet engine. Military versions produce up to 3,500 lbf (16 kN) of thrust dry; afterburning variants can reach up to 5,000 lbf (22 kN). The engine, depending upon additional equipment and specific model, weighs from 300 to 500 pounds (140 to 230 kg). It is one of GE's most successful and longest in service military jet engines, with the civilian versions having logged over 16.5 million hours of operation. The United States Air Force plans to continue using the J85 in aircraft through 2040. Civilian models, known as the CJ610, are similar but supplied without an afterburner and are identical to non-afterburning J85 variants, while the CF700 adds a rear-mounted fan for improved fuel economy.

Pound (force)
The pound of force or pound-force (symbol: lbf, sometimes lbf,) is a unit of force used in some systems of measurement, including English Engineering units and the foot–pound–second system.

Pound-force should not be confused with pound-mass (lb), often simply called "pound", which is a unit of mass; nor should these be confused with foot-pound (ft⋅lbf), a unit of energy, or pound-foot (lbf⋅ft), a unit of torque.
Onsen-ji (Nagano)
Onsen-ji  (温泉寺) is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Rinzai school (Myōshin-ji branch) of Japanese Zen, located in the city of Suwa, Nagano, Japan. Its main image is a statue of Yakushi Nyōrai. The temple is located a 15-minute walk from Kami-Suwa Station.

Suwa Domain
Suwa Domain (諏訪藩, Suwa-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It was located in Shinano Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Takashima Castle, located in what is now part of the town of Suwa in Nagano Prefecture. It was also known as Takashima Domain (高島藩, Takashima-han).
Edward Dudley Norman
Commodore Edward Dudley Norman DSO DSC PJM PKB (2 August 1910 – 1998, in Dorset) was a distinguished World War II submarine commander, senior Royal Navy officer and senior Royal Malayan Navy (now known as Royal Malaysian Navy) officer. He was the first Chief of Navy for Federation of Malaya (now known as Malaysia).

Federation of Malaya
Malaya, officially the Federation of Malaya, was a country in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1963. It succeeded the Malayan Union and, before that, British Malaya. It comprised eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca. It was established on 1 February 1948.

Initially a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom, Malaya became fully sovereign on 31 August 1957, and on 16 September 1963, Malaya was superseded by Malaysia when it united with Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. Singapore was expelled on 9 August 1965, leaving the original states of Malaya along with Sarawak and Sabah – now collectively known as East Malaysia – to form modern-day Malaysia, while the former Federation of Malaya is now referred to as Peninsular Malaysia or West Malaysia.
La Spagnola (film)
La Spagnola ([la spaɲˈɲɔːla], Italian: "The Spanish Woman") is a 2001 comedy drama Australian film directed by Steve Jacobs. It was Australia's submission to the 74th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Cinema of Australia
The cinema of Australia began with the 1906 production of The Story of the Kelly Gang, arguably the world's first feature film. Since then, Australian crews have produced many films, a number of which have received international recognition. Many actors and filmmakers with international reputations started their careers in Australian films, and many of these have established lucrative careers in larger film-producing centres such as the US and the UK.

Commercially successful Australian films include Crocodile Dundee, George Miller's Mad Max trilogy, Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge!, and Chris Noonan's Babe. Award-winning productions include Picnic at Hanging Rock, Gallipoli, The Tracker, Shine and Ten Canoes.
Thidambu Nritham
Thidambu Nritham (dance with the replica of the deity) is a Hindu ritual dance performed in Temples of North Malabar in India.  It is mainly performed by Namboothiris and rarely other Brahmin, Thiyyar communities like Shivalli, Karhade and Havyaka.

Thidambu Nritham, as the name conveys, is a dance carrying the decorated image of the deity (thidambu) on the head.

Ezhava
The Ezhavas, (Malayalam: [iːɻɐʋɐ]) also known as Thiyya or Tiyyar (Malayalam: [t̪ijːɐ]) in the Malabar region, and Chegavar/Chovar (Malayalam: [tʃeɡɐʋɐr, tʃoːʋɐr]) in the south, are a community with origins in the region of India presently known as Kerala, where in the 2010s they constituted about 23% of the population and were reported to be the largest Hindu community.

Ezhava dynasties such as the Mannanar existed in Kerala. The British also formed a separate regiment in the British Indian Army called the Thiyyar Regiment in Malabar, which was one of the oldest army regiments in India. The British deployed this unit in various military operations.

The Ezhavas are classified as an Other Backward Class by the Government of India under its system of positive discrimination.
Ministry of Trade and Integration (Kazakhstan)
The Ministry of Trade and Integration of the Republic of Kazakhstan (MTI RK, Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Сауда және интеграция министрлігі, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasy Sauda jäne integratsiia ministrlıgı, ҚР СИМ; Russian: Министерство торговли и интеграции Республики Казахстан, МТИ РК) is a central executive body of the Government of Kazakhstan, formed by the decree of the President of Kazakhstan on 17 June 2019 with the transfer of functions and powers from the Ministry of National Economy in the field of formation and implementation of domestic and foreign trade policies, international economic integration, consumer protection; Ministry of Industry and Infrastructure Development in the field of technical regulation, standardization and ensuring the uniformity of measurements, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on coordination of activities in the field of export promotion.

Ministry of Industry and Infrastructure Development
The Ministry of Industry and Infrastructure Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan (MIID RK, Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Индустрия және инфрақұрылымдық даму министрлігі, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasy İndustriia jäne infraqūrylymdyq damu ministrlıgı, ҚР ИИД; Russian: Министерство индустрии и инфраструктурного развития Республики Казахстан, romanized: Ministerstvo industrii i infrastrukturnogo razvitiya Respubliki Kazakhstan, МИИР РК) is a central executive body of the Government of Kazakhstan that provides policies in the fields of industry and industrial, innovative, scientific and technical development of the country.
Ali Gholam
Ali Gholam (Persian: علی غلام; born 4 August 1981) is an Iranian professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Over his career, he featured for clubs such as Paykan FC, Rah Ahan FC, Nirouye Zamini, and Tractor Sazi.

Rah Ahan Tehran F.C.
Rah Ahan Sports Club (Persian: باشگاه ورزشی راه‌آهن, Bashgah-e Vârzeshi-ye Rahâhen), commonly known as Rah Ahan Football Club, was an Iranian professional football club based in Tehran. They last played in the Azadegan League. Rah Ahan is one of the oldest Iranian football clubs.
Voyeur (Kim Carnes album)
Voyeur is the seventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Kim Carnes, released on September 8, 1982, by EMI America Records. Carnes began writing material for Voyeur while touring her previous album Mistaken Identity (1981).

Voyeur is a synth-pop album that Carnes described as "more consistent" than its predecessor. It received mixed reviews, with some critics in favor of the album, while others remarked that it failed to live up to the standard of Mistaken Identity, selling less than 300,000 US copies.

EMI America Records
EMI America Records was launched in 1978 by EMI as their second label in the United States after Capitol Records, relying on Capitol only for pressing, distribution, and international liaison.

In 1987, EMI America merged with Manhattan Records, resulting in the formation of EMI Manhattan Records. This entity underwent a rebranding in 1989, becoming known as EMI USA. In 1991, it joined the EMI Records Group North America (ERG) under the name EMI Records USA. The label was ultimately closed down in 1997, and its artists were split between Virgin Records America (acquired by Thorn EMI in 1992) and Capitol Records.

Since 2013, its catalog has been managed by Universal Music Group following their acquisition of EMI's recorded music division.
Santi Villa
Santiago 'Santi' Villa Castro (born 5 August 1982) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a winger.

He spent most of his career in Segunda División B, playing 403 games and scoring over 71 goals for ten teams, mostly Jaén, with whom he also made 15 Segunda División appearances in 2013–14.

2013–14 Segunda División
The 2013–14 Segunda División season (known as the Liga Adelante for sponsorship reasons) was the 83rd since its establishment. The season started on 17 August 2013 and the league phase of 42 rounds ended on 8 June 2014. The entire season ended on 22 June 2014 with the promotion play-off finals.
Boranes
A borane is a compound with the formula BxHyRz although examples include multi-boron derivatives. Most of the known group 13 hydrides belong to this class. A large family of boron hydride clusters is also known. In addition to some applications in organic chemistry, the boranes have attracted much attention as they exhibit structures and bonding that differs strongly from the patterns seen in hydrocarbons. Hybrids of boranes and hydrocarbons, the carboranes, are also a well developed class of compounds.

Boron hydride clusters
Boron hydride clusters are inorganic compounds with the formula BxHy or related anions, where x ≥ 3. Many such cluster compounds are known. Tetraborane was the first borane cluster to be discovered but common examples are those with 5, 10, and 12 boron atoms. Although they have few practical applications, the borane hydride clusters exhibit structures and bonding that differs strongly from the patterns seen in hydrocarbons. Hybrids of boranes and hydrocarbons, the carboranes, are also well developed.
Sanjin Pehlivanović
Sanjin Pehlivanović (born 11 August 2001) is a Bosnian professional pool player. He is an eight-time junior European Pool Championships champion, winning events 8-Ball, 9-Ball, and 10-Ball. In 2021, he also received a runners-up medal in the European championship 9-Ball event, losing in the final to Germany's Joshua Filler.

At the 2017 Klagenfurt Open, Pehlivanović reached the quarter-finals, his best result on the Euro Tour to date. He would lose the match 9–8 to Mateusz Śniegocki.

European Pool Championships
European Pool Championship (also called Dynamic European Championships) is a pool competition organized by the European Pocket Billiard Federation (EPBF). The tournament is held annually since 1980. It should not be confused with the series of smaller events known as the Euro Tour, also run by the EPBF.

Current disciplines include 8-ball, 9-Ball, 10-Ball, Straight pool, and team events), and for different age and ability ranges, with events for men, women, juniors and wheelchair players.
Bakar Kardava
Bakar Kardava (Georgian: ბაქარ ქარდავა; born 4 November 1994) is a Georgian professional footballer who plays as a defendive midfielder for Erovnuli Liga club Iberia 1999.

Kardava is the three-time winner of the Erovnuli Liga. He has also won the Supercup and national cup.

Georgian Super Cup
The Georgian Super Cup is a super cup tournament in Georgian football. Founded in 1996 as a two-team competition, the current version has been contested since 2023 by four teams, those being the first, second, and third placed teams in the Erovnuli Liga, as well as the winners of the Georgian Cup.

Formerly, the tournament used to be a single football match solely played between the champions of the Erovnuli Liga and the winners of the Georgian Cup. When a club had won both competitions, the Georgian Cup losing finalists play for the Super Cup. This occurred in 1996, 1997, 2013 and 2014 when Dinamo Tbilisi won the double on all four occasions.

In 2023, the format of Super Cup changed to be contested between four teams. The three teams that qualified for the Champions League and Europa Conference League from the Erovnuli Liga and the winners of the Georgian Cup play one-legged semi-finals, and a final. The losers of each semi-final play a third place play-off.
Lazistan Khanate
The Lazistan Khanate was a proposed buffer state suggested by the United Kingdom during the Congress of Berlin in 1878. The proposal envisioned the establishment of an autonomous or even independent state in the historical region of Lazistan. It aimed to resolve disputes regarding the status of Batum and its surrounding areas, which had been ceded to the Russian Empire after the Russo-Turkish War. The proposed state, predominantly Muslim and under international supervision, was intended to limit Russian influence along the southeastern coast of the Black Sea.
The khanate was based on the recognition of the ethnic and religious distinctiveness of the Laz Muslims. It is considered one of the earliest diplomatic examples of using "national principles" as a basis for proposing a new state. The proposal was briefly discussed in diplomatic circles but was eventually dropped without implementation.

Lazistan
Lazistan or Lazeti (Laz: ლაზონა, romanized: Lazona; Georgian: ლაზეთი, or ჭანეთი Ç'aneti; Ottoman Turkish: لازستان, romanized: Lazistān) is a historical and cultural region of the Caucasus and Anatolia; the term was primarily used during Ottoman rule in the region. Traditionally inhabited by the Laz people and located mostly in Turkey, with small parts in Georgia, its area is about 7,000 km2 (2,703 sq mi) with a modern-day population of around 500,000 (including groups outside of the Laz peoples).

Geographically, Lazistan consists of a series of narrow, rugged valleys extending northward from the crest of the Pontic Alps (Turkish: Kuzey Anadolu Dağları, Pontik Alpleri), which separate it from the Çoruh Valley, and stretches east–west along the southern shore of the Black Sea. The term “Lazistan” has no longer been in use in Turkey or Georgia since the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
Bakary N'Diaye
Bakary Moussa N'Diaye (born 26 November 1998) is a Mauritanian professional footballer who plays as a central defender or a right-back for Iraq Stars League club Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and the Mauritania national team.

Mauritania national football team
The Mauritania national football team (Arabic: منتخب مُورِيتَانْيَا لِكُرَةِ الْقَدَم), nicknamed Al-Murabitun represents Mauritania in men's international football. It is controlled by the Féderation de Football de la République Islamique de Mauritanie, and is a member of the Confederation of African Football. They have not qualified for the FIFA World Cup. However, in the Amílcar Cabral Cup, a regional tournament for West Africa, Mauritania came fourth in 1980 on hosting the competition. The national football team of Mauritania was later runners-up in 1995, losing on penalties to Sierra Leone after the final finished 0–0.

On 18 November 2018, Mauritania qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations for the first time in history, after they won 2–1 against Botswana to seal a spot in the 2019 tournament.
Zé Manel (footballer)
José Manuel da Silva Fernandes (born 22 February 1975), commonly known as Zé Manel, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a winger.

He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 270 matches and 51 goals over ten seasons, mainly in representation of Paços de Ferreira (four years) and Boavista (three).

F.C. Paços de Ferreira
Futebol Clube Paços de Ferreira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpasuʒ ðɨ fɨˈʁɐjɾɐ]) is a Portuguese professional football club based in Paços de Ferreira, district of Porto. Founded in 1950, the club competes in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home games at the 9,076 seat Estádio Capital do Móvel The club's colours are yellow and green. The club is owned 100% by its members ("sócios").

They have won four Segunda Liga titles (now Liga Portugal 2), and in 2007 they qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first time. In the 2012–13 Primeira Liga, the team finished third and qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League play-offs for the first time in their history. They were also runners-up of the 2008–09 Taça de Portugal, the 2009 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira and the 2010–11 Taça da Liga.