hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
High-definition fiber tracking
High definition fiber tracking (HDFT) is a tractography technique where data from MRI scanners is processed through computer algorithms to reveal the detailed wiring of the brain and to pinpoint fiber tracts. Each tract contains millions of neuronal connections. HDFT is based on data acquired from diffusion spectrum imaging and processed by generalized q-sampling imaging. The technique makes it possible to virtually dissect 40 major fiber tracts in the brain. The HDFT scan is consistent with brain anatomy unlike diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Thus, the use of HDFT is essential in pinpointing damaged neural connections.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI or DW-MRI) is the use of specific MRI sequences as well as software that generates images from the resulting data that uses the diffusion of water molecules to generate contrast in MR images. It allows the mapping of the diffusion process of molecules, mainly water, in biological tissues, in vivo and non-invasively. Molecular diffusion in tissues is not random, but reflects interactions with many obstacles, such as macromolecules, fibers, and membranes. Water molecule diffusion patterns can therefore reveal microscopic details about tissue architecture, either normal or in a diseased state. A special kind of DWI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), has been used extensively to map white matter tractography in the brain.
Fructose
Fructose (/ˈfrʌktoʊs, -oʊz/), or fruit sugar, is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar. It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose.
Fructose is found in honey, tree and vine fruits, flowers, berries, and most root vegetables.

Galactose
Galactose (/ɡəˈlæktoʊs/, galacto- + -ose,  sometimes abbreviated Gal), is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar.  It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically an aldohexose.  In terms of structure, it is a C-4 epimer of glucose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is about 80‍–‍90% as sweet as glucose and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
Joseph L. Toth
Joseph Leo Toth (born September 1973) is an American lawyer who serves as a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims. He is a veteran of the Navy's Judge Advocate General's Corps.

United States Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps
The Judge Advocate General's Corps, also known as the "JAG Corps" or "JAG", is the legal arm of the United States Navy. Today, the JAG Corps consists of a worldwide organization of more than 1,000 commissioned officers serving as judge advocates, 550 enlisted members (primarily in the legalman rating), and nearly 700 civilian personnel, all serving under the direction of the judge advocate general of the Navy. The organization also includes more than 550 Reserve office and enlisted members in the Navy Reserve Law Program.

The Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy is located in Washington, D.C.
Almost contact manifold
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, an almost-contact structure is a certain kind of geometric structure on a smooth manifold, obtained by combining a contact-element structure (not necessarily a contact structure) and an almost-complex structure. They can be considered as an odd-dimensional counterpart to almost complex manifolds.

They were introduced by John Gray in 1959. Shigeo Sasaki in 1960 introduced Sasakian manifold to study them.

Almost complex manifold
In mathematics, an almost complex manifold is a smooth manifold equipped with a smooth linear complex structure on each tangent space. Every complex manifold is an almost complex manifold, but there are almost complex manifolds that are not complex manifolds. Almost complex structures have important applications in symplectic geometry.

The concept is due to Charles Ehresmann and Heinz Hopf in the 1940s.
Province of Catanzaro
The province of Catanzaro (Italian: provincia di Catanzaro; Catanzarese: pruvincia e Catanzaru) is a province of the Calabria region of Italy. The city Catanzaro is both capital of the province and capital of the region of Calabria. The province contains 80 comuni (sg.: comune).

Catanzaro contains the Isthmus of Catanzaro between Sant'Eufemia and the Gulf of Squillace. It borders the provinces of Crotone (formed from it in 1996), Cosenza, Reggio Calabria, and Vibo Valentia, and it also borders the Ionian and Tyrrhenian seas to the east and west, respectively.

Province of Cosenza
The province of Cosenza (Italian: provincia di Cosenza) is a province in the region of Calabria in Italy. Its capital is the city of Cosenza. It has a population of 669,239 across its 150 municipalities.

The province of Cosenza contains a community of Occitan language (also known as Langue d'oc) speakers in Guardia Piemontese: it was formed by Vaudoi or Waldensian movement members, who moved to Cosenza to avoid religious persecution, in the 13th and 14th centuries. Many of the Arbëreshë Albanians of Italy live in the province, since arriving in the 16th century to flee the religious persecution undertaken by the Ottoman Empire.
North-West F.A.
The North-West Football Association, abbreviated to the NWFA, or the NWIFA, commonly referred to as the North-West F.A., is one of the four regional football associations affiliated with the Irish Football Association (IFA) in Northern Ireland. The other three associations covering the country are the County Antrim & District FA, Mid-Ulster F.A., and the Fermanagh & Western FA.

The NWIFA currently has an affiliation base of over 80 member clubs, which includes eight women's teams. The biggest competition that the North-West Football Association govern is the North West Senior Cup. It was founded in 1886, originally known as the County Londonderry F.A. Cup.

Irish Football Association
The Irish Football Association (IFA) is the governing body for association football in Northern Ireland. It organised the Ireland national football team from 1880 to 1950, which after 1954, became the Northern Ireland national football team.
K-Ci
Cedric Renard Hailey (born September 2, 1969), known professionally as K-Ci (formerly Little Cedric as a member of Little Cedric and the Hailey Singers), is an American singer, songwriter and member of K-Ci & JoJo and Jodeci.

Although Hailey is best known as the lead singer of  Jodeci and second-lead singer of K-Ci & JoJo, he participated on different solo projects as K-Ci, most notably his 1994 cover of Bobby Womack’s "If You Think You're Lonely Now", which peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Bobby Womack
Robert Dwayne Womack (/ˈwoʊmæk/ WOH-mak; March 4, 1944 – June 27, 2014) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. Starting in the early 1950s as the lead singer of his family musical group the Valentinos and as Sam Cooke's backing guitarist, Womack's career spanned more than 60 years and multiple styles, including R&B, blues, doo-wop, gospel, funk, and soul.

Womack was a prolific songwriter who wrote and originally recorded "It's All Over Now" with his brothers, the Valentinos (a song that later became the Rolling Stones' first UK number one hit) and New Birth's "I Can Understand It". As a singer, he is most notable for the hits "Lookin' for a Love", "That's the Way I Feel About Cha", "Woman's Gotta Have It", "Harry Hippie", "Across 110th Street", and his 1980s hits "If You Think You're Lonely Now" and "I Wish He Didn't Trust Me So Much".

In 2009, Womack was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2025.
Marcela Miró
Marcela Miró Pérez (19 January 1952 – 14 July 2024) was a Spanish agricultural engineer, academic, and politician who was a member of the People's Party of the Valencian Community (PPCV). She served as the President of the Corts Valencianes, the regional legislature of the Valencian Community, from July 1999 until June 2003. Miró was the first woman to hold the presidency of the Corts Valencianes.

She also served as regional Minister of Education, Culture and Science from 1996 to 1997 and Minister of Social Affairs from 1997 until 1999 within government of former President of the Valencian Government Eduardo Zaplana.

President of the Corts Valencianes
The President of the Corts Valencianes, or Valencian Parliament, is the highest representative and leader of the Generalitat Valenciana, the regional legislature of the Valencian Community, an autonomous community of Spain. The President of the Corts presides over the chamber and the plenary sessions, among other functions.

Since 2023, the president of the Valencian Parliament has been Llanos Massó.
Oak Brook, Illinois
Oak Brook is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, with a very small portion in Cook County. The population was 8,163 at the 2020 census.

A suburb of Chicago, it contains the headquarters of Ace Hardware, Portillo's Restaurants, Blistex, Federal Signal, CenterPoint Properties, Sanford L.P., TreeHouse Foods, Lions Clubs International, the U.S. Census Bureau Chicago regional office, and former headquarters of McDonald's and Ferrara Candy. The Lizzadro Museum of Lapidary Art moved there in 2019.

Newell Custom Writing Instruments
Newell Custom Writing Instruments (formerly Sanford Business-to-Business, abbreviated Sanford B2B) is an American manufacturing company of stationery products. It is a division of Newell Brands, producing writing implements, in its plant of Atlanta, Georgia.

Brands currently commercialized by the company are Sharpie, Paper Mate, Expo, Parker, and Waterman.

The company operates worldwide, with locations in Australia, Canada, Colombia, Germany, Mexico, France, the United Kingdom, United States and Venezuela.
Christine Wormuth
Christine Elizabeth Wormuth (born April 19, 1969) is an American defense official and career civil servant who served as the United States secretary of the Army from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, she is the first female United States secretary of the Army.

United States Secretary of the Army
The secretary of the Army (SA or SECARMY) is a senior civilian official within the United States Department of Defense, with statutory responsibility for all matters relating to the United States Army: manpower, personnel, reserve affairs, installations, environmental issues, weapons systems and equipment acquisition, communications and financial management.

The secretary of the Army is nominated by the president of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate. The secretary is a non-Cabinet-level official, subordinate to the secretary of defense. This position was created on September 18, 1947, replacing the secretary of war, when the Department of War was split into the Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force.

On February 25, 2025, Daniel P. Driscoll was confirmed as the secretary of the Army, and was sworn in to office later that day.
Timeline of geopolitical changes (2000–present)
This is a timeline of geopolitical changes around the world since 2000. It includes dates of declarations of independence, changes in country name, changes of capital city or name, and changes in territory such as the annexation, cession, concession, occupation, or secession of land. Territorial conquests as a result of war are included on the timeline at the conclusion of military campaigns. However, those changes in the course of specific battles and day-to-day operations are generally not included in this list. Changes in airspace and maritime territory are included only when they are subject to a dispute.

Political history of the world
The political history of the world is the history of the various political entities created by the human race throughout their existence and the way these states define their borders. Throughout history, political systems have expanded from basic systems of self-governance and monarchy to the complex democratic and totalitarian systems that exist today. In parallel, political entities have expanded from vaguely defined frontier-type  boundaries, to the national definite boundaries existing today.
Hyacinth Chen Nursing School
The Hyacinth Chen School of Nursing is a private nursing school. It was officially opened on August 10, 2008, on a location directly across from the Northern Caribbean University campus across from NCU's Dental Centre located in Mandeville, Jamaica.

The school is owned by the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Jamaica. The school is being named in honour of Mrs. Hyacinth Chen, the mother of major donor, Michael Lee-Chin, Jamaican/Canadian businessman.

The school will hold 800 nursing students and will reduce Jamaica's nursing shortage.

It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

Seventh-day Adventist education
The Seventh-day Adventist educational system, part of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, is overseen by the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists located in Silver Spring, Maryland. It is considered as the largest Protestant educational system and second largest Christian educational system in the world. The educational system is a Christian school–based system.

In 2023, the Seventh-day Adventist Church has associations with a total of 9,845 educational institutions operating in over 100 countries around the world with over 2,177,933 million students worldwide.

The denominationally-based school system began in the 1870s.
Eddie Taylor Jr.
Edward Taylor (March 27, 1972 – March 8, 2019), better known as Eddie Taylor Jr., was an American Chicago blues and electric blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. He released six studio albums, and a compilation album of his better known tracks, all on the European-based label, Wolf Records. Among the musicians who worked in Taylor's backing band was his fellow guitar player Johnny B. Moore. Taylor also supported other musicians including Moore, Little Arthur Duncan, Willie Kent and Hubert Sumlin, plus Buddy Guy, Keith Richards, Eric Clapton, and Billy Gibbons.

His father was Eddie Taylor, another Chicago blues musician. His step-brother Larry Taylor is a blues drummer and vocalist, and his sister Demetria is a blues vocalist in Chicago. Taylor's mother, Vera (Leevera), was the niece of the bluesmen Eddie "Guitar" Burns and Jimmy Burns.

Hubert Sumlin
Hubert Charles Sumlin (November 16, 1931 – December 4, 2011) was a Chicago blues guitarist and singer, best known for his "wrenched, shattering bursts of notes, sudden cliff-hanger silences and daring rhythmic suspensions" as a member of Howlin' Wolf's band. He was ranked number 43 in Rolling Stone's "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".
Marion Cunningham (author)
Marion Cunningham (née Enwright; February 7, 1922 – July 11, 2012) was an American food writer.

Cunningham was responsible for the 1979 and 1990 revisions of the Fannie Farmer Cookbook, and was the author of The Breakfast Book, The Supper Book, and Cooking with Children, among several others. She frequently traveled throughout America giving cooking demonstrations (some with James Beard); contributed articles to Bon Appetit, Food & Wine, and Gourmet magazines; wrote a regular column for the San Francisco Chronicle and the Los Angeles Times; and hosted a television series, Cunningham & Company, on the Food Network.

In 1993, Cunningham received the Grand Dame award from Les Dames d'Escoffier "in recognition and appreciation of her extraordinary achievement and contribution to the culinary arts." In 1994, she was named Scholar-in-Residence by the International Association of Culinary Professionals.

James Beard
James Andrews Beard (May 5, 1903 – January 21, 1985) was an American chef, cookbook author, teacher and television personality. He pioneered television cooking shows, taught at The James Beard Cooking School in New York City and Seaside, Oregon, and lectured widely. He emphasized American cooking, prepared with fresh and wholesome American ingredients, to a country just becoming aware of its own culinary heritage. Beard taught and mentored generations of professional chefs and food enthusiasts. He published more than twenty books, and his memory is honored by his foundation's annual James Beard Awards.
Mummies: A Voyage Through Eternity
Mummies: A Voyage Through Eternity (UK title: Mummies: A Journey Through Eternity; French: Les Momies : Un voyage dans l'éternité) is a 1991 illustrated monograph on the Egyptian mummies, ancient Egyptian funerary practices and the history of the discoveries of Egyptian mummies. Co-written by the French historian Françoise Dunand and the medical doctor Roger Lichtenberg, and published in pocket format by Éditions Gallimard as the 118th volume in the "Découvertes Gallimard" collection (known as "Abrams Discoveries" in the United States, and "New Horizons" in the United Kingdom).

Ancient Egyptian funerary practices
The ancient Egyptians had an elaborate set of funerary practices that they believed were necessary to ensure their immortality after death. These rituals included mummifying the body, casting magic spells, and burials with specific grave goods thought to be needed in the afterlife.

The ancient burial process evolved over time as old customs were discarded and new ones adopted, but several important elements of the process persisted. Although specific details changed over time, the preparation of the body, the magic rituals, and grave goods were all essential parts of a proper Egyptian funeral.
The Bodley Head
The Bodley Head is an English book publishing imprint of Penguin Random House. Founded in 1887 by John Lane and Elkin Mathews, The Bodley Head existed as an independent entity or as part of multiple consortia until it was acquired by Random House in 1987 alongside sister companies Jonathan Cape and Chatto & Windus. Random House used The Bodley Head as a children's book imprint until April 2008, when it was repositioned as an adult non-fiction imprint within the Vintage Books division.

The Bodley Head launched Penguin Books as an imprint in 1935, which John Lane spun off as an independent company the following year. The Bodley Head acquired several other imprints prior to the Random House acquisition, including Martin Hopkinson and Gerald Howe in 1941, Nonesuch Press in 1953, Werner Laurie in 1957, and Hollis & Carter in 1962.

Chatto & Windus
Chatto & Windus is an imprint of Penguin Random House that was formerly an independent book publishing company founded in London in 1855 by John Camden Hotten. Following Hotten's death, the firm reorganized under the names of his business partner Andrew Chatto and poet William Edward Windus. The company was purchased by Random House in 1987 and is now a sub-imprint of Vintage Books within the Penguin UK division.
Binyamina train station suicide bombing
The Binyamina train station suicide bombing occurred on 16 July 2001 by a Palestinian suicide bomber near the Binyamina railway station in the town of Binyamina-Giv'at Ada, Israel. Two people were killed and 11 were injured.

The Palestinian Islamic Jihad group claimed responsibility for the attack.

Binyamina-Giv'at Ada
Binyamina-Giv'at Ada (Hebrew: בנימינה-גבעת עדה) is a town in the Haifa District in northern Israel. It is the result of the 2003 merger between the two local councils of Binyamina and Giv'at Ada. In 2022, its joint population was 15,634. Before the merger, the population of Binyamina was 6,607.
Prank Patrol (Australian TV series)
Prank Patrol (known as Prank Patrol: Road Trip for its third season, also known as Prank Patrol Down Under in the UK) is the Australian version of the original Canadian series Prank Patrol. The show was made for the then-new ABC3 channel (now ABC Entertains) which specialised in children's programming. It is hosted by Scott “Scotty” Tweedie and produced by the ABC.

Prank Patrol (Canadian TV series)
Prank Patrol is a Canadian children's television series that aired on YTV. Each episode, host André "Andy" Simoneau and a team of ninjas help kids pull off pranks on an unsuspecting victim, usually a friend or family member. With the help of experts, pranksters convince their victims that the events - such as the prankster possessing incredible super powers, alien landings, or an intelligent gorilla suddenly appearing - are real, until the process is revealed to the victims after a successful prank.
Prisoners of war in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
During the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present), both Ukrainian and Russian/separatist prisoners of war have suffered several forms of abuse, such as mistreatment, exposure to public curiosity, torture, or even execution.

As of November 2022, the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (HRMMU) conducted 159 interviews with prisoners of war held by the Russian and Russian-affiliated forces, and 175 interviews with prisoners of war held by Ukraine. The mission later expressed concern about mistreatment of prisoners of war in the conflict, as it reported that prisoners of war held by both sides had been subject to several forms of abuse.

United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine
The United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (HRMMU) is a group of human rights monitors established in Ukraine in 2014 following the Revolution of Dignity and the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War by the secretary-general of the United Nations.
Johann Heinrich Buttstett
Johann Heinrich Buttstett (also Buttstedt, Buttstädt) (25 April 1666 – December 1, 1727) was a German Baroque organist and composer. Although he was Johann Pachelbel's most important pupil and one of the last major exponents of the south German organ tradition, Buttstett is best remembered for a dispute with Johann Mattheson.

Johann Mattheson
Johann Mattheson (28 September 1681 – 17 April 1764) was a German composer, critic, lexicographer and music theorist. His writings on the late Baroque and early Classical period were highly influential, specifically, "his biographical and theoretical works were widely disseminated and served as the source for all subsequent lexicographers and historians".
Debra Toporowski
Debra-Ann Patricia Toporowski (Quw’utsun: Qwulti’stunaat; traditional Chinese: 黃德美; simplified Chinese: 黄德美) MLA is a Canadian politician who has served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (MLA) representing the electoral district of Cowichan Valley since 2024. She is a member of the New Democratic Party, she was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Rural Health of British Columbia in 2024.

First elected as a councillor for the Cowichan Tribes in 2013, Toporowski was re-elected for five terms. She ran as a candidate for the municipal council of North Cowichan in 2018 and served two terms. At the time of her election as an MLA, she was serving as a councillor in both bodies, amid other engagements including serving as acting mayor for North Cowichan and as the director for North Cowichan on the Cowichan Valley Regional District board. Toporowski previously worked as a constituency assistant for MLAs Bill Routley and Doug Routley.

Doug Routley
Doug Routley (born May 9, 1961) is a former MLA for Nanaimo-North Cowichan in the Canadian province of British Columbia. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in the riding of Cowichan-Ladysmith in the 2005 general election and then to the riding of Nanaimo-North Cowichan after new electoral districts were established for the 2009 general election.

He is a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party.

In 2018, during legislative debate on new policies around sexual orientation and gender identity in the provincial education system, Routley came out as bisexual.

On December 7, 2022, he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Forests.

On September 26, 2023, he announced he would not be seeking a sixth term in the Legislature in the 2024 provincial election.