hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
6th Louisiana Infantry Regiment
The 6th Louisiana Infantry Regiment served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It was part of the Louisiana Tigers. Formed in June 1861 at Camp Moore, it fought in Jackson's Valley campaign, the Battle of Gaines Mill, the Second Battle of Bull Run and its related actions, and the Battle of Antietam in 1862. The next year, it fought at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Salem Church, the Second Battle of Winchester, and the Battle of Gettysburg before being overrun at the Second Battle of Rappahannock Station. It spent 1864 fighting in Grant's Overland campaign and with Jubal Early in the Valley campaigns of 1864. The regiment fought in the Battle of Hatcher's Run and the Battle of Fort Stedman in early 1865 before surrendering after the Battle of Appomattox Court House in April. It began its service with 916 men and ended with 52.

Camp Moore
Camp Moore, north of the Village of Tangipahoa near Kentwood, Louisiana, was a Confederate training base and principal base of operations in eastern Louisiana and southwestern Mississippi.  The base was named for Louisiana Governor Thomas Overton Moore. It operated from May 1861 to 1864 during the American Civil War. Confederate monuments were erected at the cemetery and on the grounds in the early 20th century.

This location was chosen for development of the camp due to its relatively high ground elevation, abundance of fresh drinking water, and nearness to the then New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad line.

A small portion of the camp remains, containing the Camp Moore Confederate Cemetery and Museum. The state built the museum at the site in 1965, which displays and interprets area Confederate history. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is still owned by the state, but is operated under lease by a private non-profit.
Taira no Yoshifumi
Taira no Yoshifumi (平 良文) was a Japanese samurai lord of the Heian period. Dubbed the "father of Musashi Plain development," the eight Taira clans of East Japan are said to have descended from him. He was also known as Muraoka Gorō.

Musashi Province
Musashi Province (武蔵国, Musashi no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [mɯꜜ.sa.ɕi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan, which today comprises Tokyo Metropolis, most of Saitama Prefecture and part of Kanagawa Prefecture. It was sometimes called Bushū (武州). The province encompassed Kawasaki and Yokohama. Musashi bordered on Kai, Kōzuke, Sagami, Shimōsa, and Shimotsuke Provinces.

Musashi was the largest province in the Kantō region.
Mughal conquest of Bhulua
The Mughal Conquest of Bhulua was 17th-century Mughal conquest of the Bhulua Kingdom, which covered much of the present-day Noakhali region of Bangladesh. The campaign was led by Shaykh Abdul Wahid, under the orders of Islam Khan I, against Raja Ananta Manikya in 1611. The conquest of Bhulua allowed the Mughals to successfully penetrate through southeastern Bengal and conquer Chittagong and parts of Arakan.

Sarhad Khan
Shaykh ʿAbdul Wāḥid (Persian: شیخ عبد الواحد, Bengali: শেখ আব্দুল ওয়াহেদ) was a military general of the Mughal Empire during the reign of Jahangir, and played an important role in defeating Bahadur Ghazi, who was among the rebellious Baro-Bhuiyans of Bengal. He is celebrated as the Mughal conqueror of Bhulua (modern-day Noakhali, Bangladesh) as he was the chief commander of its expedition. His administration of the Bhulua frontier involved suppressing multiple Arakanese invasions, later earning him the title of Sarḥad Khān (Persian: سرحد خان, lit. 'Khan of the border').
Arlan Kokshetau
Arlan Hockey Club (Kazakh: Арлан хоккей клубы  Arlan Kókshetaý hokkeı klýby, Russian: Хоккейный клуб Арлан) commonly referred as Arlan Kokshetau, is a professional ice hockey team  based in Kokshetau, Kazakhstan. Founded in 2009, they play in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship, the top level of ice hockey in Kazakhstan. The team also won the 2018–19 IIHF Continental Cup, becoming the first team from Kazakhstan to do so.

2018–19 IIHF Continental Cup
The 2018–19 Continental Cup was the 22nd edition of the IIHF Continental Cup, Europe's second-tier ice hockey club competition organised by International Ice Hockey Federation. The season started on 28 September 2018 and the final tournament was played from 11 to 13 January 2019.
Marta Domachowska
Marta Domachowska (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmarta dɔmaˈxɔfska]; born 16 January 1986) is a former tennis player from Poland.

She was ranked world No. 37 in singles (2006) and No. 62 in doubles (2006), and reached 2008 Australian Open fourth round in singles and won the Canberra International in doubles with Roberta Vinci in 2006. She also reached three WTA Tour singles finals at the 2004 Korea Open (lost to Maria Sharapova), 2005 Internationaux de Strasbourg (lost to Anabel Medina Garrigues) and 2006 U.S. National Indoor Championships (lost to Sofia Arvidsson). She was 2003 Australian Open semi-finalist in girls' singles, represented Poland at the 2008 Summer Olympics and was member of Poland Fed Cup team. Domachowska was the best female Polish tennis player after Magdalena Grzybowska's retirement and before Agnieszka Radwańska's successes.

Canberra International
The Canberra International  (sponsored by Richard Luton Properties) was a women's tennis tournament held in Canberra, Australia. The event was affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and was classed variously as a Tier III (2001), a Tier V (2002–2005), and a Tier IV (2006) on the WTA Tour. It was competed on outdoor hardcourts. The event was intended to be one of the build-up tournaments to the first Grand Slam event of the year, the Australian Open.

The tournament was held at the National Sports Club in the Northern Canberra suburb of Lyneham and was played on Rebound Ace hardcourts. A singles  and doubles competition was held each year. The singles prize winner received US$16,000 and 95 tournament points. Justine Henin and Ana Ivanovic, both of whom went on to win Grand Slam titles and become world No. 1, were amongst the singles champions.
Birmingham City Council
Birmingham City Council is the local authority for the city of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. Birmingham has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council, a type of unitary authority. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the most populous local government district in England, serving over 1.1 million people. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Council House on Victoria Square, Birmingham.

On 6 September 2023, the council declared effective bankruptcy, and central government commissioners were subsequently appointed to run the council under emergency measures.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Satava
Satava is a large island in the Archipelago Sea, on the southwest coast of  Finland.  Satava island is a part of the district of Turku, the oldest city in Finland. Satava is located between the islands, Hirvensalo and Kakskerta. As with many Finnish islands, Satava hosts many summer residences and Ekvalla beach is a popular tourist destination spot on the island. The Turku district also contains neighbouring islands, such as Kulho and Järvistensaari.

The current (as of 2005) population of the Satava island district is 781, and it is increasing at an annual rate of 2.22%. 18.43% of the population are under 15 years old, while 15.75% are over 65. The district's linguistic makeup is 94.49% Finnish, 4.61% Swedish, and 0.90% other.

Satava was annexed to Turku in 1968 as a part of Kakskerta municipality.

Subdivisions of Turku
The city of Turku, Finland is divided into nine wards (suuralueet in Finnish, storområden in Swedish) and into 87 non-governmental districts (kaupunginosat in Finnish, stadsdelar in Swedish). These are composed of individual suburbs, and in the very centre of the city, sectors of the central business district are identified by Roman numerals. The ward division does not always follow district boundaries.

In the following list, the names are given first in Finnish, and then in Swedish (if applicable) in brackets. For districts that have an English name, it is given first with other languages following. When a district is divided between two or three wards, it is listed under each and this is indicated by a footnote.
Jennifer Munson Donovan
Jennifer Munson is a fictional character on the CBS soap opera As the World Turns. The character was the daughter of late police chief, Hal Munson, and fashion designer, Barbara Ryan. She was born on-screen on October 29, 1990, and died on-screen on July 7, 2006, of cardiovascular myopathy brought on by a pneumonic infection.

The role was portrayed by Jennifer Ferrin at the time of the character's death. She received two Daytime Emmy nominations in 2005 and 2006 for "Outstanding Younger Actress" and "Outstanding Supporting Actress" respectively.

Gwen Norbeck Munson
Gwen Norbeck Munson is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera As the World Turns. She was introduced on March 30, 2005, and was portrayed by Jennifer Landon until April 4, 2008, and again in 2010. Landon won three Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Younger Actress in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Originally shown to be a poor, emancipated minor, Gwen has risen to become a strong woman with a tough exterior, but when under pressure, the uncertainty of her life prevails.
Fedorov Avtomat
The Fedorov Avtomat (also anglicized as Federov, Russian: Автома́т Фёдорова, romanized: Avtomát Fyódorova, IPA: [ɐftɐˈmat ˈfʲɵdərəvə], lit. 'Fyodorov's automatic rifle') or FA is a select-fire infantry rifle and one of the world's first operational automatic rifles, designed by Vladimir Grigoryevich Fyodorov in 1915 and produced in the Russian Empire and later in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. A limited number of Fedorov rifles were produced during World War I, but the majority, approximately 3,200, were manufactured at the Kovrov Arsenal in the early 1920s. The weapon saw limited combat in World War I, but was used more substantially in the Russian Civil War and in the Winter War. Some consider it to be an early predecessor or ancestor of the modern assault rifle.

Select fire
Select fire is the capability of a weapon to be adjusted to fire in semi-automatic, fully automatic, or burst mode. The modes are chosen by means of a fire selector switch, which varies depending on the weapon's design. Some select-fire weapons have burst fire mechanisms to limit the maximum number of shots fired automatically in this mode. The most common limits are two or three rounds per trigger pull. Fully automatic fire refers to the ability for a weapon to fire continuously until either the feeding mechanism is emptied or the trigger is released. Semi-automatic refers to the ability to fire one round per trigger pull.

The presence of select fire modes on firearms permits more efficient use of rounds to be fired for specific needs, versus having a single mode of operation, such as fully automatic, thereby conserving ammunition while maximizing on-target accuracy and effectiveness. This capability is most commonly found on military weapons of the 20th and 21st centuries.
Hispania
Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, it was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Roman Empire, under the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was subdivided into Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was reorganized as Hispania Tarraconensis.

Beginning with Diocletian’s Tetrarchy (AD 293), the territory of Tarraconensis was further divided to create the provinces of Carthaginensis and Gallaecia (also called Callaecia, the origin of the name of modern Galicia). All the Hispanic provinces on the mainland, together with the Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later organized into the Diocesis Hispaniarum, governed by a vicarius.

The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic rule. The modern place names of Spain and Hispaniola are both derived from Hispania.

Lusitania
Lusitania (/ˌluː.sɪ.ˈteɪ.ni.ə/; Classical Latin: [luːsiːˈtaːnia]) was an ancient Roman province encompassing most of modern-day Portugal (south of the Douro River) and a large portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and Province of Salamanca). Romans named the region after the Lusitanians, an Indo-European tribe inhabiting the lands.

The capital Emerita Augusta was initially part of the Roman Republic province of Hispania Ulterior before becoming a province of its own during the Roman Empire.

After Romans arrived in the territory during the 2nd century BC, a war with Lusitanian tribes ensued between 155 and 139 BC, with the Roman province eventually established in 27 BC.

In modern parlance, Lusitania is often synonymous with Portugal, despite the Roman province's capital being located in modern Mérida, Spain.
Bhinmal Assembly constituency
Bhinmal Assembly constituency is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India. It is a part of Jalore Lok Sabha constituency, and comprises Bagora tehsil and parts of Bhinmal tehsil, both in Jalore district. As of 2023, it is represented by Samarjit Singh of the Indian National Congress.

Jalore district
Jalore district is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The city of Jalore is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district has an area of 10,640 km2 (4,108 sq mi) (3.11 percent of Rajasthan's area), and a population of 1,828,730 (2011 census), with a population density of 136 persons per square kilometre.
Molokovo, Molokovsky District, Tver Oblast
Molokovo (Russian: Молоко́во) is an urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Molokovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population:  2,331 (2010 Census); 2,572 (2002 Census); 2,804 (1989 Soviet census).

Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (Russian: Тверская область, romanized: Tverskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (Russian: Калининская область). Population: 1,353,392 (2010 census).

Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much of the remaining area is occupied by the Valdai Hills, where the Volga, the Western Dvina, and the Dnieper have their source.

Tver Oblast is one of the tourist regions of Russia with a modern tourist infrastructure. There are many historic towns, such as Torzhok, Zubtsov, Kashin, Vyshny Volochyok, and Kalyazin. The oldest of these is Rzhev, primarily known for the Battles of Rzhev in World War II and the Rzhev Memorial. Staritsa was the seat of the last appanage principality in Russia, while Ostashkov, located on lake Seliger, is a major center of recreational and nature tourism.
2013–14 Oberliga Baden-Württemberg
The 2013–14 season of the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg, the highest association football league in the state of Baden-Württemberg, was the sixth season of the league at tier five (V) of the German football league system and the 36th season overall since establishment of the league in 1978. The regular season started on 9 August 2013 and finished on 24 May 2014.

The league was won by FC Astoria Walldorf which thereby earned promotion to the Regionalliga Südwest for 2014–15. Runners-up TSV Grunbach declined to take part in the promotion round to the Regionalliga and instead withdrew to the Kreisliga after failed merger talks with 1. CfR Pforzheim. Third placed FC Nöttingen took part in the promotion round instead and defeated FSV Salmrohr, thereby earning promotion to the Regionalliga. 1. FC Heidenheim completely withdrew its reserve team from league football while 1. FC Bruchsal and SV Oberachern were relegated to the Verbandsligas.

1. FC Heidenheim
1. FC Heidenheim 1846 is a German professional association football club from the town of Heidenheim, Baden-Württemberg. The club currently plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system.
New Guinea Force
New Guinea Force was a military command unit for Australian, United States and native troops from the Territories of Papua and New Guinea serving in the New Guinea campaign during World War II. Formed in April 1942, when the Australian First Army was formed from the Australian I Corps after it returned from the Middle East, it was responsible for planning and directing all operations within the territory up until October 1944. General Headquarters Southwest Pacific Area Operational Instruction No.7 of 25 May 1942, issued by Commander-Allied-Forces, General Douglas MacArthur, placed all Australian and US Army, Air Force and Navy Forces in the Port Moresby Area under the control of New Guinea Force. Over the course of its existence, New Guinea Force was commanded by some of the Australian Army's most notable commanders, including Sydney Rowell, Sir Edmund Herring and Sir Leslie Morshead.

General Sir Thomas Blamey also commanded the force in 1942 while based in Port Moresby.

Territory of Papua
The Territory of Papua was an Australian external territory comprising the south-eastern portion of the island of New Guinea. The Crown colony of British New Guinea was ceded to Australia in 1902 and formally organised as a separate territory in 1906. It was administratively merged with the Territory of New Guinea to the north in 1949 to form the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, which gained independence as Papua New Guinea in 1975.
Alejandro Almendras
Alejandro "Landring" Durano Almendras Sr. (27 February 1919 – 4 August 1995) was a Filipino politician and businessman who served as Senator of the Philippines from 1959 to 1972. He also served as governor of the then-undivided Davao province from 1951 to 1958.

Davao (province)
Davao, officially the Province of Davao (Spanish: Provincia de Dávao; Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Dabaw), was a province in the Philippines on the island of Mindanao. The old province is coterminous with the present-day Davao Region or Region XI. It was divided into three provinces of Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, and Davao del Sur with the passage of Philippine Republic Act No. 4867 on May 8, 1967. Two more provinces, Compostela Valley (now Davao de Oro) and Davao Occidental, were carved out of the territories of Davao del Norte and Davao del Sur respectively. The descendant provinces were reorganized into the current region in 2001.

It was one of the largest, most populous and prosperous provinces in the country during its time, being settled by immigrants from the Luzon and the Visayas.
Torsion (gastropod)
Torsion is a gastropod synapomorphy which occurs in all gastropods during larval development. Torsion is the rotation of the visceral mass, mantle, and shell 180˚ with respect to the head and foot of the gastropod. This rotation brings the mantle cavity and the anus to an anterior position above the head.

In some groups of gastropods (Opisthobranchia) there is a degree of secondary detorsion or rotation towards the original position; this may be only partial detorsion or full detorsion.

The torsion or twisting of the visceral mass of larval gastropods is not the same thing as the spiral coiling of the shell, which is also present in many shelled gastropods.

Gastropod shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of many gastropods, including snails, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it (semi-slug).

Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group.
Chega Mais
Chega Mais is a Brazilian telenovela that premiered on 3 March 1980 replacing Marron Glacê at the traditional 7 pm timeslot. It is created by Carlos Eduardo Novaes, and directed by Gonzaga Blota, Walter Campos, Roberto Vignati and Reynaldo Boury.

Marron Glacê
Marron Glacê is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo. It premiered on 6 August 1979 and ended on 29 February 1980, with a total of 181 episodes. It's the twenty fourth "novela das sete" to be aired at the timeslot. It is created by  Cassiano Gabus Mendes.
Spermiogenesis
Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, during which the spermatids develop into mature spermatozoa. At the beginning of the stage, the spermatid is a more or less circular cell containing a nucleus, Golgi apparatus, centriole and mitochondria; by the end of the process, it has radically transformed into an elongated spermatozoon, complete with a head, midpiece, and tail.

Centriole
In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin. Centrioles are found in most eukaryotic cells, but are not present in conifers (Pinophyta), flowering plants (angiosperms) and most fungi, and are only present in the male gametes of charophytes, bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, cycads, and Ginkgo. A bound pair of centrioles, surrounded by a highly ordered mass of dense material, called the pericentriolar material (PCM), makes up a structure called a centrosome.

Centrioles are typically made up of nine sets of short microtubule triplets, arranged in a cylinder. Deviations from this structure include crabs and Drosophila melanogaster embryos, with nine doublets, and Caenorhabditis elegans sperm cells and early embryos, with nine singlets. Additional proteins include centrin, cenexin and tektin.

The main function of centrioles is to produce cilia during interphase and the aster and the spindle during cell division.