hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daanosaurus
Daanosaurus (meaning "Da'an lizard" after Da'an district in Zigong, Sichuan) was a genus of sauropod dinosaur which lived during the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian - Tithonian stage, about 163 - 145 mya). It lived in what is now China (Sichuan Province), and was similar to Bellusaurus. Daanosaurus is known only from a partial skeleton of a juvenile, and it has been debated whether the specimen may be a juvenile mamenchisaurid.

Bellusaurus
Bellusaurus (meaning "Beautiful lizard", from Vulgar Latin bellus 'beautiful' (masculine form) and Ancient Greek sauros 'lizard') was a sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) known from juvenile specimens that would have measured about 4.8 metres (16 ft) long. Its fossils were found in Shishugou Formation rocks in the northeastern Junggar Basin in China.
Exponential tilting
Exponential Tilting (ET), Exponential Twisting, or Exponential Change of Measure (ECM) is a distribution shifting technique used in many parts of mathematics.
The different exponential tiltings of a random variable  is known as the natural exponential family of .

Exponential Tilting is used in Monte Carlo Estimation for rare-event simulation, and rejection and importance sampling in particular.
In mathematical finance  Exponential Tilting is also known as Esscher tilting (or the Esscher transform), and often combined with indirect Edgeworth approximation and is used in such contexts as insurance futures pricing.

The earliest formalization of Exponential Tilting is often attributed to Frederik Esscher with its use in importance sampling being attributed to David Siegmund.

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.
Seaham railway station
Seaham is a railway station on the Durham Coast Line, which runs between Newcastle and Middlesbrough via Hartlepool. The station, situated 5 miles 11 chains (8.3 km) south-east of Sunderland, serves the seaside town of Seaham in County Durham, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Middlesbrough railway station
Middlesbrough is a railway station on the Durham Coast, Esk Valley and Tees Valley lines. The station serves the town of Middlesbrough, in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by TransPennine Express. Direct destinations include Darlington, Redcar Central, Saltburn, Sunderland, Newcastle, York and Manchester Airport. There is also direct service to London Kings Cross once per weekday.

According to the Office of Rail and Road statistics, Middlesbrough station is the fourth busiest in the North East region, with 1,466,884 total entries and exits (2023–24 period).
Cystopteris protrusa
Cystopteris protrusa is a common fern of  North America, commonly known as the lowland bladderfern, lowland brittle fern or lowland fragile fern.

The plant is native to eastern Canada, and the Midwestern and Eastern United States. Throughout much of its range it is the most common Cystopteris fern species.

Cystopteris
Cystopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Cystopteridaceae. These are known generally as bladderferns or fragile ferns. They grow in temperate areas worldwide. This is a very diverse genus and within a species individuals can look quite different, especially in harsh environments where stress stunts their growth. They hybridize easily with each other and identifying an individual can be challenging. In general these are rhizomatous perennials which grow in rocks or soil. Their leaves are multiply pinnate, in that each leaflet is divided into smaller parts. The sori are usually rounded and covered in an inflated bladder-like indusium.
DFS Rhönsperber
The DFS Rhönsperber, otherwise known as the Schweyer Rhönsperber or Jacobs Rhönsperber (in English Rhön Sparrowhawk) was a single seat competition glider designed in Germany by Hans Jacobs and first flown in 1935.  For several years it was regarded as the best German sailplane and about one hundred were built.

Glider (sailplane)
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined, so they can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

In North America, the term 'sailplane' is also used to describe this type of aircraft. In other parts of the English-speaking world, the word 'glider' is more common.
Nexfibre
Nexfibre Networks Limited, trading as Nexfibre (stylised as nexfibre), is a British telecommunications network provider that operates a gigabit-capable FTTP broadband network across the United Kingdom. It is a joint venture between Infravia Capital Partners and Opal Jvco Limited (the second joint venture between Liberty Global and Telefónica, the first being Virgin Media O2).

Nexfibre plans to offer open access wholesale provision of its network in the near-future, with Virgin Media currently the only provider to connect customers using the network.

Liberty Global
Liberty Global Ltd. is a British-Dutch-American multinational telecommunications company domiciled in Bermuda, with headquarters in London, Amsterdam and Denver. Its respective legal names are Liberty Global Holdings Limited (UK), Liberty Global B.V. (Netherlands) and Liberty Global, Inc. (United States), with the first of these being publicly traded. It was formed in 2005 by the merger of the international arm of Liberty Media (in turn, a spin-off of American cable-television group TCI) and UnitedGlobalCom (UGC).

Liberty Global had an annual revenue of $11.5 billion in 2019, with operations in six countries and 20,600 employees. It has 10.8 million cable service subscribers, or 25.3 million revenue generation units (RGU), combining video, internet, and voice customers.
Benjamin Asare
Benjamin Asare is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Accra Hearts of Oak S.C. and the Ghana national team. In March 2025, national team head coach Otto Addo named him as Ghana's first-choice goalkeeper.

Otto Addo
Nana Otto Addo (born 9 June 1975) is a Ghanaian football manager and former football player. He is currently the manager of the Ghana national football team and was previously a talent coach and interim first-team assistant coach for Borussia Dortmund.
S-350 (drug)
S-350 is a psychostimulating (psychoanaleptic) piperazine. The pharmacological outcome is based on the structure of antihistamines related to diphenhydramine. S-350 is of historic significance since it can be viewed as the logical progenitor or harbinger to vanoxerine and other GBR agents that were discovered in short succession. The drug comes in 16 millimeter pills, and can help treat substance abuse in individuals.

Vanoxerine
Vanoxerine is an investigational drug which is being evaluated for the treatment of heart arrhythmias and cocaine dependence. Vanoxerine is a piperazine derivative which has multiple pharmacological activities including acting as an dopamine reuptake inhibitor, serotonin transporter inhibitor, and as a blocker of the cardiac hERG repolarizing potassium channel (IKr).
Dugo ng Pusakal
Dugo ng Pusakal (transl. Blood of the Criminal) is a 1988 Filipino action drama film directed by Manuel 'Fyke' Cinco. The film stars Anthony Alonzo, Eddie Rodriguez, Jean Saburit, Dante Rivero, Paquito Diaz, Romy Diaz, Zandro Zamora, Lito Anzures, Mon Godiz, and Dick Israel. Produced by Filipinas Productions, it was released on October 27, 1988, as part of the Chamber of Progressive Filipino Motion Picture Producers Film Festival.

Critic Lav Diaz gave Dugo ng Pusakal a mixed review, stating that the film's numerous forced scenes lessened the quality of its focus on character psychology. Diaz would later become the co-writer for Cinco's 1993 film Galvez: Hanggang sa Dulo ng Mundo Hahanapin Kita.

Galvez: Hanggang sa Dulo ng Mundo Hahanapin Kita
Galvez: Hanggang sa Dulo ng Mundo Hahanapin Kita (transl. Galvez: I Will Search for You Until the Edge of the World) is a 1993 Filipino action film directed by Manuel "Fyke" Cinco from a screenplay by Henry Nadong and Lav Diaz. It stars Eddie Garcia as the titular protagonist and Edu Manzano. Produced by Regal Films, the film was released on May 27, 1993.

The film is streaming online on YouTube.
Big Woods Wildlife Management Area
Big Woods Wildlife Management Area is a 4,173-acre (16.89 km2) Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Sussex County, Virginia. It comprises two tracts of land; the 2,208-acre (8.94 km2) main tract, located immediately adjacent Big Woods State Forest, and the 1,965-acre (7.95 km2) Parker's Branch tract, located nearby.

Virginia Wildlife Management Areas
Virginia wildlife management areas (WMAs) are state-managed protected areas that exist primarily for the benefit of wildlife. Within the Commonwealth of Virginia, 46 tracts of land have been protected as WMAs, covering a total of over 216,000 acres (338 sq mi; 870 km2). They are managed and maintained by the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources.
Johnny Hodges
John Cornelius Hodges (July 25, 1907 – May 11, 1970) was an American alto saxophonist, best known for solo work with Duke Ellington's big band. He played lead alto in the saxophone section for many years. Hodges was also featured on soprano saxophone, but refused to play soprano after 1940. Along with Benny Carter, Hodges is considered to be one of the definitive alto saxophone players of the big band era.

After beginning his career as a teenager in Boston, Hodges began to travel to New York and played with Lloyd Scott, Sidney Bechet, Luckey Roberts and Chick Webb. When Ellington wanted to expand his band in 1928, Ellington's clarinet player Barney Bigard recommended Hodges. His playing became one of the identifying voices of the Ellington orchestra. From 1951 to 1955, Hodges left the Duke to lead his own band, but returned shortly before Ellington's triumphant return to prominence – the orchestra's  performance at the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival.

Sidney Bechet
Sidney Joseph Bechet (May 14, 1897 – May 14, 1959) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. He was one of the first important soloists in jazz, and first recorded several months before trumpeter Louis Armstrong. His erratic temperament hampered his career, and not until the late 1940s did he earn wide acclaim. Bechet spent much of his later life in France.
Fu Mingxia
Fu Mingxia  (born August 16, 1978, in Wuhan, Hubei) is a retired Chinese diver, multiple Olympic gold medalist and world champion.  She won the platform-diving world championship in 1991 at the age of 12, making her the youngest diving champ of all time.  She is also famous for being one of the youngest Olympic diving champions, having earned a gold at the 1992 Barcelona Games when she was just 13 years and 345 days old.  Throughout the 1990s, Fu dominated the sport with her repertoire of extremely difficult dives.  During the 2000 Sydney Olympics, Fu won her fourth gold medal, joining Americans Pat McCormick and Greg Louganis as the world's only quadruple Olympic-diving champions.

Greg Louganis
Gregory Efthimios Louganis (/luːˈɡeɪnɪs/; born January 29, 1960) is an American Olympic diver who won gold medals at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics on the springboard and platform. He is the only man and the second diver in Olympic history to sweep the diving events in consecutive Olympic Games. He has been called both "the greatest American diver" and "probably the greatest diver in history".
Ludiès
Ludiès (French pronunciation: [lydjɛs]; Occitan: Ludièrs) is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France. Ludiès is a rural commune with 94 inhabitants in 2019, having experienced a sharp increase in population since 1975. It is part of the Pamiers attraction area. Its inhabitants are called Ludéens or Ludéennes.

Pamiers
Pamiers (French pronunciation: [pamje] ⓘ; Occitan: Pàmias Occitan pronunciation: [ˈpamjɔs]) is a commune and largest city in the Ariège department in the Occitanie region in southwestern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department. It is the most populous commune in the Ariège department, although it is not the capital which is the smaller town of Foix. The seat of the Bishop of Pamiers is at the Pamiers Cathedral. The current mayor of the town is Frédérique Thiennot, who succeeded André Trigano in 2020 after he had held the post for 25 years.
Aveng
Aveng (formerly Anglovaal Engineering) is an international engineering led contractor focused on infrastructure, resources and contract mining and is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Its origins lie in modest construction projects in South Africa, but Aveng now operates in engineering, infrastructure development, construction and contract mining across Australia, New Zealand & Pacific Islands, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and South Africa.

It employs some 5 211 people and has an annual turnover in excess of R30 billion.

JSE Limited
The JSE Limited (previously the JSE Securities Exchange and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, and commonly referred to as the JSE) is a stock exchange in South Africa, and the largest in Africa by market capitalization. It has been located in Sandton, Gauteng, since it moved from Johannesburg CBD in 2000.

As of January 2026, the JSE had a market capitalization of R24.22 trillion (roughly €1.27 trillion / £1.1 trillion / $1.48 trillion), and a total of 431 listed companies. In the same month, the FTSE/JSE All-Share Index (ALSI) hit 100,000 points - the highest since its foundation.

The JSE accounts for around 60% of Africa's total equity market value, with large, liquid, globally-integrated companies across numerous economic sectors. In terms of market cap, it is larger than the next nine ranking African stock exchanges combined.
Vasari Corridor
43°46′5.53″N 11°15′14.57″E﻿ / ﻿43.7682028°N 11.2540472°E﻿ / 43.7682028; 11.2540472

The Vasari Corridor (Italian: Corridoio Vasariano) is an elevated enclosed passageway in Florence, central Italy, connecting the Palazzo Vecchio with the Palazzo Pitti. Beginning on the south side of the Palazzo Vecchio, it joins the Uffizi Gallery and leaves on its south side, crossing the Lungarno degli Archibusieri, then following the north bank of the River Arno until it crosses the river at Ponte Vecchio. At the time of construction, the corridor had to be built around the Torre dei Mannelli, using brackets, because the tower's owners refused to alter it. The corridor conceals part of the façade of the Church of Santa Felicità. It then snakes its way over rows of houses in the Oltrarno district, becoming narrower, to finally join the Palazzo Pitti. The corridor's full length is approximately one kilometre.

Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (UK: /juːˈfɪtsi, ʊˈfiːtsi/ yoo-FIT-see, uu-FEET-see; Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, pronounced [ɡalleˈriːa deʎʎ ufˈfittsi]) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best-known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance.

After the ruling House of Medici died out, their art collections were given to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia ("family pact") negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1769 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865.
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) (or shortly HKUST (GZ)) is a university in Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. The university was jointly established by The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) and Guangzhou University. The university officially commenced in the year 2022.

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) is a public university in Sai Kung District, New Territories, Hong Kong. Founded in 1991, it was the territory's third institution to be granted university status, and the first university without any precursory existence upon its formation. It occupies a 60-hectare (150-acre) seaside site in Tai Po Tsai, Clear Water Bay Peninsula.

The university is organised into five academic schools: School of Engineering, School of Business and Management, School of Science, School of Humanities and Social Science, and the Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies. In the 2023–24 academic year, it enrolled around 10,000 undergraduates and 6,800 postgraduates, and employed 903 academic staff.
Washington State Route 544
State Route 544 is a state highway in northern Whatcom County, Washington, United States. It runs east–west for 9 miles (14 km) near the Canadian border, connecting SR 539 near Lynden to Everson and a junction with SR 9 in Nooksack.

The Lynden–Everson highway was built in the 1880s as a wagon road, with onward connections to Nooksack via a ferry over the Nooksack River that was later replaced with a bridge. It was paved by the Whatcom County government in the 1930s and incorporated into the state highway system in 1951 as a branch of Secondary State Highway 1A. During the 1964 state highway renumbering, the branch became SR 544. The Nooksack River bridge between Everson and Nooksack was replaced in 1994 after a major flood damaged the old structure.

1964 state highway renumbering (Washington)
The 1964 state highway renumbering was a reorganization of state highways in the U.S. state of Washington. The new system, based on sign routes (SR, later changed to state routes), replaced the primary and secondary highway system implemented in 1937. It was first signed in January 1964 and codified into the Revised Code of Washington in 1970.
Metropolitan City of Genoa
The Metropolitan City of Genoa (Italian: città metropolitana di Genova) is a metropolitan city in the region of Liguria in northern Italy. Its capital is the city of Genoa. It replaced the province of Genoa in 2015. It has 67 municipalities (comuni) in an area of 1,833.79 square kilometres (708.03 sq mi) and a total population of about 818,651 as of 2025.

Metropolitan cities of Italy
The 15 metropolitan cities of Italy (Italian: città metropolitane d'Italia) are administrative divisions of Italy, operative since 2015, which are a special type of province. The metropolitan city, as defined by law, includes a large core city and the surrounding suburbs and countryside closely related to it by economic activities and essential public services, as well as to cultural relations and to territorial features.
Knowledge commons
The term "knowledge commons" refers to information, data, and content that is collectively owned and managed by a community of users, particularly over the Internet. What distinguishes a knowledge commons from a commons of shared physical resources is that digital resources are non-subtractible; that is, multiple users can access the same digital resources with no effect on their quantity or quality.

Commons
The commons are the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable Earth. These resources are held in common even when owned privately or publicly. Commons can also be understood as natural resources that groups of people (communities, user groups) manage for individual and collective benefit. Characteristically, this involves a variety of informal norms and values (social practice) employed for a governance mechanism.
Commons can also be defined as a social practice of governing a resource not by state or market but by a community of users that self-governs the resource through institutions that it creates.
Union for Reform Judaism
The Union for Reform Judaism (URJ), formerly known as the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC) until 2003, founded in 1873 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the congregational arm of Reform Judaism in North America. The other two arms established by Rabbi Wise are the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion and the Central Conference of American Rabbis. The current president of the URJ is Rabbi Rick Jacobs.

The URJ has an estimated constituency of some 880,000 registered adults in 819 congregations. It claims to represent 2.2 million, as over a third of adult American Jews, including many who are not synagogue members, state affinity with Reform, making it the largest Jewish denomination.  The UAHC was a founding member of the World Union for Progressive Judaism, of which the URJ is the largest constituent by far.

Central Conference of American Rabbis
The Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), founded in 1889 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the principal organization of Reform rabbis in the United States and Canada. The CCAR is the largest and oldest rabbinical organization in the world. Its current president is Rabbi David Lyon.

Rabbi Hara Person is the Chief Executive.
Alana Wilkinson
Alana Joy Wilkinson (born 1991) is an Australian folk music singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. She released her first single in late 2018. She has released two extended plays and four singles. Wilkinson has supported national tours by fellow Australian artists Tim Freedman, Clare Bowditch and Kate Ceberano.

Clare Bowditch
Clare Bowditch (born 9 September 1975) is an Australian musician, author, and occasional actress.

At the 2020 ABIA (Australian Book Industry Awards) she won ‘Best New Australian Author’ for her best-selling 2019 memoir Your Own Kind of Girl.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2006, Bowditch won the ARIA Award for Best Female Artist and was nominated for a Logie Award for her work on the TV series Offspring in 2012. She has toured with Gotye and Leonard Cohen, written for Harpers Bazaar, Rolling Stone and Drum.
Durg–Jagdalpur Express
The Durg–Jagadalpur Express is an Express train belonging to South East Central Railway zone that runs between Durg Junction and Jagdalpur in India. It is currently being operated with 18211/18212 train numbers on tri-weekly basis.

Durg Junction railway station
Durg Junction Railway Station, is a junction station located in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. It serves Durg, Bhilai and adjoining areas. Durg Junction is the part of South East Central Railway. It is one of the largest railway junctions of Chhattisgarh in terms of network and a prominent station in the Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line. It is an 'A' grade station of Indian Railways in terms of passenger services.