hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lichenostigma radicans
Lichenostigma radicans is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Phaeococcomycetaceae. It grows specifically on certain lichens that live unattached on soil, known as vagrant lichens, primarily in mountainous, limestone-rich areas. First described in 2003 from a collection in eastern Spain, this fungus forms tiny, dark fruiting structures partly embedded in its host lichen. A distinctive feature is its root-like threads that penetrate deep into the host without causing significant harm. Lichenostigma radicans is closely related to other fungi in its genus but can be identified by these root-like structures and microscopic differences in its spores.

Vagrant lichen
A vagrant lichen is a lichen that is either not attached to a substrate, or can become unattached then blow around, yet continue to grow and flourish. Some authors reserve the expression "vagrant lichen" for those lichens that never attach, that is, those that are obligately vagrant, referring to vagrant forms of other species as "erratic lichen". Vagrant lichens generally occur in open and windswept habitats, all over the world, in all kinds of temperature zones. Habitats include saltbush (mallee) vegetation zones in Australia, steppes of Eurasia, Arctic tundra, and the North American prairie. They range from the low elevations of the Namib Desert to the high-altitude Andean páramo. There are under 100 identified vagrant species, most commonly in the Aspicilia and Xanthoparmelia genera.
KPL Top 8 Cup
The KPL Top 8 Cup (also known as the KPL Top 8 Knockout, the KPL Top 8 Knockout Cup or simply the Top 8 Knockout, the Top 8 Cup or the Kenyan Top 8 Cup) is a Kenyan football championship contested by the top eight teams of the preceding Kenyan Premier League (KPL) season. The inaugural edition of the tournament took place in 2011, with Ulinzi Stars as the winners.

Kenyan Premier League
The Kenyan Premier League (KPL), officially known as the SportPesa League, is a professional league for men's football clubs in Kenya. Standing at the top of the Kenyan football league system, the league was formed in 1963 under the Kenya Football Federation but is now controlled by the Football Kenya Federation. It is contested by 18 clubs and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Kenyan National Super League. Kenya Police are the current champions, having won the 2024–25 season.

The league was mostly stable until the late 1990s and since then its performance had been considered below average, with many of the league's clubs having little or no finances to support themselves. However, when SuperSport became an official league partner, the league has taken on a more serious role with teams becoming professional and the majority of the clubs managing to get kit sponsorships. This saw the level of competition improve compared to past.
Gadget Boy & Heather
Gadget Boy & Heather is an animated television series co-produced between DIC Productions, L.P., France Animation, and M6. The series originally debuted in September 1995 in first-run syndication in the United States on Bohbot Entertainment's Amazin' Adventures II block and in October 1995 on M6 in France on the channel's M6 Kid block.

DIC Entertainment
DIC Entertainment Corporation (/ˈdiːk/; also known as DIC Audiovisuel, DIC Enterprises, DIC Animation City, DIC Entertainment, L.P., and DIC Productions, sometimes stylized as DİC) was a French-American film and television production company that was mostly associated as an animation studio. As a former division of The Walt Disney Company, DIC produced live-action feature films and licensed numerous anime series.

In 2008, DIC was acquired by Cookie Jar Group in June and was later folded into Cookie Jar in July. As of 2025, most of the DIC library is currently owned by WildBrain (formerly DHX Media) after the company acquired Cookie Jar in October 2012.
Reuben Canoy
Reuben Rabe Canoy (June 6, 1929 – July 5, 2022) was a Filipino lawyer, writer, film producer and politician who served as mayor of Cagayan de Oro from 1971 to 1976 and as legislator in the 1970s and 1980s.

Initially allied with president Ferdinand Marcos in the 1960s, he later resigned from his government positions in 1976 after defecting to the opposition. In April 1978, Canoy was the sole Mindanao Alliance candidate to win a parliamentary seat in the Interim Batasang Pambansa election. He ran unsuccessfully in the 1986 snap presidential election, and attempted in the succeeding years to have Mindanao secede from the Philippines and become the Federal Republic of Mindanao, for which he was imprisoned in 1990.

1986 Philippine presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Philippines on February 7, 1986. Commonly known as the 1986 snap election, it is among the landmark events that led up to the People Power Revolution, the downfall of the incumbent President Ferdinand E. Marcos on his presidency, and the accession of Corazon C. Aquino as president.

The authoritarian Marcos regime called for snap elections in an attempt to re-assert legitimacy to the embattled regime. The election was marred by substantial irregularities, repression of the opposition and manipulation of votes. The main opposition candidate, Corazon C. Aquino, repudiated the initial results announced by the regime, citing large-scale fraud.
Tahar Zbiri
Tahar Zbiri (Arabic: الطاهر زبيري, romanized: aṭ-Ṭāhar Zbīrī; 4 April 1929 – 30 October 2024) was an Algerian military officer, best known for his role in the country's post-independence military and political developments, particularly his involvement in an attempted coup against the government of president Houari Boumédiène in 1967.

Zbiri served in the Algerian People's National Army as a colonel, the highest rank that existed during the regime of Houari Boumédiène, the second head of the state. Zbiri led an unsuccessful coup attempt against president Houari Boumédiène in 1967 after participating in the 1965 military takeover.

1965 Algerian coup d'état
The 1965 Algerian coup d'état brought Colonel Houari Boumédiène to power as Chairman of the Revolutionary Council in Algeria. The bloodless coup d'état saw Algeria's first President, Ahmed Ben Bella, arrested and his closest supporters imprisoned by Boumédiène and his allies, principally in the Algerian Land Forces. The arrest of Ben Bella occurred on 19 June 1965.
Onehunga Line
The Onehunga Line in Auckland, New Zealand, is the name given to suburban train services that operate between Newmarket and Onehunga. Services are operated by Auckland One Rail under the Auckland Transport brand.

Auckland Transport
Auckland Transport (AT) is the council-controlled organisation (CCO) of Auckland Council responsible for most of Auckland's transport infrastructure, projects and services, including roads, walkways, cycleways, ferry facilities, parking and public transport.
Plexippoides regius
Plexippoides regius (Korean: 왕어리두줄깡충거미; RR: Wangeoridujulkkangchunggeomi) is a species of jumping spider in the genus Plexippoides. The species was first described by Wanda Wesołowska in 1981 based on specimens from North Korea but its distribution has been extended to include China, Russia and South Korea, with examples found as far as Sichuan. The spider is small, with a body length between 6.9 and 8.65 mm (0.27 and 0.34 in), the female being generally larger than the male. It is distinguished by the two brown lines that stretch across the back of its carapace and abdomen that is recalled in its Korean name. Otherwise, the spider varies in coloration, with some examples having an orange or yellow-brown carapace and others dark brown. The male has a long embolus that encircles the palpal bulb. The female has complex seminal ducts that lead to heavily sclerotised and many-chambered spermathecae.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
Avram C. Freedberg
Avram Chaim Freedberg (born June 25, 1947) is a Broadway theatre producer, a direct marketer, and founder of National Collector's Mint. He founded Maximum Entertainment Productions LLC and has produced and invested in a number of Broadway shows. He is also a thoroughbred racehorse owner.

National Collector's Mint
National Collector's Mint, Inc. is a Westchester County, New York based company that sells privately produced coins, tokens, commemoratives, and collectibles. The company does not produce coins that are legal tender in the United States and they are not affiliated, endorsed, or licensed by the U.S. government or the United States Mint. However, the company does also act as a retailer, reselling government proof coins and other legal tender. The mint also creates non-currency coins for large corporations.
Peggy Rae Sapienza
Peggy Rae Sapienza (born McKnight, previously Pavlat, 28 June 1944 – 22 March 2015), was a science fiction fan, con-runner, and promoter of science fiction fandom. She made memorable contributions to Noreascon III in Boston, the 1989 Worldcon, partnering with Fred Isaacs in conceptualizing the ConCourse, a new feature for Worldcons. A Vice Chair of the 1993 Worldcon, ConFrancisco, she served briefly as Acting Chair after the Chairman died, until a new chairman was appointed. In 1998 she chaired BucConeer, the 56th Worldcon in Baltimore. She served as North American agent for the first Worldcon to be held in Japan, Nippon 2007; in 2010 co-chaired, and 2011 and 2012 chaired the SFWA Nebula Awards Weekends; and was Fan Guest of Honor at Chicon 7, the 70th Worldcon, held in 2012. She co-chaired the 2014 World Fantasy Convention just months before she died due to complications from heart surgery.

Worldcon
The World Science Fiction Convention, branded as Worldcon, is a science fiction convention and the annual convention of the World Science Fiction Society (WSFS). It has been held each year since 1939 (except for the years 1942 to 1945, during World War II). The members of each Worldcon are the members of WSFS, and vote both to select the site of the Worldcon two years later, and to select the winners of the annual Hugo Awards, which are presented at each convention.
Connolly Dam
The Connolly Dam, also called the Silverwood Dam, is a rock–fill embankment dam with an un–gated spillway across the Rosenthall Creek and the Fitz Creek that is located in the locality of Silverwood, Southern Downs Region, part of the  Darling Downs district of  Queensland, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is for potable water supply of the Southern Downs Region. It discharges via Rosenthal Creek to join the Condamine River in east Warwick.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Huo Yi
Huo Yi (died 271), courtesy name Shaoxian, was a military general of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. His father, Huo Jun, served under Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu. During his service under the Shu emperor Liu Shan, Huo Yi suppressed tribal rebellions in the restive Nanzhong region and maintained peace in the area. After Shu was conquered by its rival state Cao Wei in 263, Huo Yi surrendered to the Wei regime and was permitted to remain in charge of keeping the peace in Nanzhong. In return, Huo Yi became a Wei subject and continued serving under the Jin dynasty, which replaced the Wei regime in 266.

Conquest of Shu by Wei
The Conquest of Shu by Wei was a military campaign launched by the dynastic state of Cao Wei against its rival Shu Han in late 263 during the Three Kingdoms period of China. The campaign culminated in the fall of Shu Han and the tripartite equilibrium maintained in China for over 40 years since the end of the Eastern Han dynasty in 220. The conquest laid the foundation for an eventual reunified China under the Western Jin dynasty in 280.
Solomone Funaki
'Api Kakalaia Solomone Funaki (born 25 April 1994) is a Tongan rugby union player, who most recently played as a loose forward for Moana Pasifika in Super Rugby and Hawke's Bay in New Zealand's domestic National Provincial Championship competition. From 2024–2025 he was contracted to Dragons RFC to play in the United Rugby Championship and European Rugby Challenge Cup, but left the club without playing a single competition game for them, due to a string of serious injuries. He represents Tonga internationally.

Tonga national rugby union team
The Tonga national rugby union team (Tongan: timi feohi ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in men's international rugby union. The team is nicknamed ʻIkale Tahi (Sea Eagles) and is governed by the Tonga Rugby Union. Like their Polynesian neighbours, the Tongans precede their matches with a traditional challenge – the Sipi Tau. They are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) along with Fiji and Samoa. The Ikale Tahi achieved a historic 19–14 victory over France in the 2011 Rugby World Cup, but having lost to New Zealand and Canada, were unable to achieve what would have been their first-ever presence at the quarter-finals.
Volturnus Lake
Volturnus Lake (Bulgarian: езеро Волтурн, romanized: ezero Volturn, IPA: [ˈɛzɛro voɫˈturn]) is the roughly triangular lake extending 225 m in north–south direction and 215 m in east–west direction on the southwest coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Its surface area is 3.15 ha. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after Volturnus, a Roman and Etruscan deity of water and rivers.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
Semi-Conductor Laboratory
The Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL), Mohali is a research institute under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. SCL was formerly under the Department of Space. SCL's aims include research and development (R&D) in the field of semiconductor technology. Semiconductors manufactured by SCL have been used in the Mars Orbiter Mission. The Indian Government is attempting to modernize SCL and upgrade its facilities.

Department of Space
The Department of Space (DoS) is an Indian government department responsible for administration of the Indian space programme. It manages several agencies and institutes related to space exploration and space technologies. The Indian space programme under the DoS aims to promote the development and application of space science and technology for the socio-economic benefit of the country. It includes two major satellite systems, Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) for communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services, and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) for resources monitoring and management. It has also developed two satellite launch vehicles, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) to place IRS and INSAT class satellites in orbit.
Primeval (film)
Primeval is a 2007 American action-adventure horror film directed by Michael Katleman and starring Dominic Purcell, Orlando Jones, and Brooke Langton. Inspired partially by the true story of Gustave, a 20 ft (6.1 m), 2,000 pounds (910 kg; 0.91 t) giant, man-eating Nile Crocodile in Burundi, the film centers on a team of American journalists who travel to Burundi to film and capture him.

The film was released on January 12, 2007, receiving negative reviews from critics but grossed $15 million worldwide. Despite its title, it has no relation to the 2007 ITV television series of the same name.

Gustave (crocodile)
Gustave is the name of a man-eating male Nile crocodile rumored to have killed as many as 200-300 people in the area of the Ruzizi river and the northern shores of Lake Tanganyika in Burundi, Africa, though one more recent estimate states the true figure is probably 60 people or fewer. He obtained a mythical status and in 2004 it was reported that he was greatly feared by the people in the region.

Gustave was named by Patrice Faye, a herpetologist who has been studying him since the late 1990s. Much of what is known about Gustave stems from the film Capturing the Killer Croc, which aired in 2004 on PBS. The film documents an attempt to capture Gustave.
Sphaeridium scarabaeoides
Sphaeridium scarabaeoides is a species of water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae. It is found in Africa, Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China), North America, Oceania, and Southern Asia.

Hydrophilidae
Hydrophilidae, also known colloquially as water scavenger beetles, is a family of beetles. Aquatic hydrophilids are notable for their long maxillary palps, which are longer than their antennae. Several of the former subfamilies of Hydrophilidae have recently been removed and elevated to family rank; Epimetopidae, Georissidae (= Georyssidae), Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, and Spercheidae. While the majority of hydrophilids are aquatic, around a third of described species are terrestrial, mostly belonging to the subfamily Sphaeridiinae.

With rare exceptions, the larvae are predatory while the adults may be herbivores or predators in addition to scavenging. Many species are able to produce sounds.

Species of Hydrophilus are reported as pests in fish hatcheries. Other species are voracious consumers of mosquito larvae, and have potential as biological control agents.

This beetle family contains 2,835 species in 169 genera.
Typhoid adware
In cybersecurity, typhoid adware is a type of threat that uses a man-in-the-middle attack to inject advertising into web pages a user visits when using a public network, like a Wi-Fi hotspot. Researchers from the University of Calgary identified the issue, which does not require the affected computer to have adware installed in order to display advertisements on this computer. The researchers said that the threat was not yet observed, but described its mechanism and potential countermeasures.

Threat (computer security)
In computer security, a threat is a potential negative action or event enabled by a vulnerability that results in an unwanted impact to a computer system or application.

A threat can be either a negative "intentional" event (i.e. hacking: an individual cracker or a criminal organization) or an "accidental" negative event (e.g. the possibility of a computer malfunctioning, or the possibility of a natural disaster event such as an earthquake, a fire, or a tornado) or otherwise a circumstance, capability, action, or event (incident is often used as a blanket term). A threat actor who is an individual or group that can perform the threat action, such as exploiting a vulnerability to actualise a negative impact. An exploit is a vulnerability that a threat actor used to cause an incident.
Anelia
Aneliya Georgieva Atanasova (Bulgarian: Анелия Георгиева Атанасова, born 1 July 1982), better known mononymously as Anelia (Bulgarian: Анелия), is a Bulgarian pop-folk singer. She gained popularity in Bulgaria with her second single "Погледни ме в очите" (Look Me in the Eyes), released in 2002. Throughout her career, 23 of her singles have topped the Bulgarian music charts which makes her one of the most successful recording female artists in Bulgarian music. In 2012, for the first time in her career, Anelia won the Artist of the Year award at the Annual Music Awards of Planeta TV.

Chalga
Chalga (Bulgarian: чалга), often referred to as pop-folk or ethno-pop, is a genre of Bulgarian pop music. Chalga is a folk-inspired dance music genre, with a blend of traditional Bulgarian music along with influences from Greek, Serbian, Turkish, Romani and Arabic music. It is heavily associated with the Bulgarian Romani ethnic minority. It is the most popular form of music in Bulgaria.
Liam Gógan
Liam Seosamh Gógan (1891–1979), was an Irish civil servant, Celticist, lexicographer, and, in modern literature in Irish, a groundbreaking poet and playwright. According to Louis De Paor, Gógan was the most important poet of the era between the death of Patrick Pearse and the revival of literary Modernism in the Irish language during the 1940s. Gógan also possessed, according to De Paor, "a prodigious knowledge of all the spoken dialects of Irish and the Gaelic literary tradition."

Celtic studies
Celtic studies or Celtology is the academic discipline occupied with the study of any sort of cultural output relating to the Celtic-speaking peoples (i.e. speakers of Celtic languages). This ranges from linguistics, literature and art history, archaeology and history, the focus lying on the study of the various Celtic languages, living and extinct. The primary areas of focus are the six Celtic languages currently in use: Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Welsh, Cornish, and Breton.

As a university subject, it is taught at a number of universities, most of them in Ireland, the United Kingdom, or France, but also in the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, Poland, Austria and the Netherlands.
Valentin Courrent
Valentin Courrent (born 16 August 1982 in Bondy) is a French rugby union player for FC Grenoble in the Top 14 competition. He plays as a fly-half. He has won both the Guinness Premiership and the Top 14, and was the first player to achieve this feat. In the 2005–2006 season, Courrent played as a replacement and scored a conversion in the final as Sale Sharks won their first ever Premiership title.

2005–06 Premiership Rugby
The 2005–06 Guinness Premiership was the 19th season of the top flight of the English domestic rugby union competitions, played between September 2005 and May 2006. The final was contested by the Sale Sharks and the Leicester Tigers at Twickenham. Sale Sharks won 45–20 to win the Premiership. Leeds Tykes were relegated, whilst Harlequins were promoted for the 2006-07 Guinness Premiership.

As per a tradition started in the previous year, two of the opening games of the season (round 1) were played at Twickenham, in the 2005 London Double Header.