hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Independent Battery F, Pennsylvania Light Artillery
Independent Battery F, Pennsylvania Light Artillery, also known as the "Pittsburg Battery", was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Organized in December 1861, the unit first served in the Shenandoah Valley. Battery F fought at Hancock, Winchester, Sulphur Springs, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, and Antietam  in 1862. The following year the unit fought at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Bristoe Campaign, and Mine Run. In 1864–1865, Battery F fought at Morton's Ford and served in the garrisons of Washington, D.C., and Harper's Ferry, West Virginia before being mustered out in June 1865. One enlisted man from the battery won the Medal of Honor for heroic action at Gettysburg.

First Battle of Winchester
The First Battle of Winchester, fought on May 25, 1862, in and around Frederick County, Virginia, and Winchester, Virginia, was a major victory in Confederate Army Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's Campaign through the Shenandoah Valley during the American Civil War. Jackson enveloped the right flank of the Union Army under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks and pursued it as it fled across the Potomac River into Maryland. Jackson's success in achieving force concentration early in the fighting allowed him to secure a more decisive victory which had escaped him in previous battles of the campaign.
William T. Martin
William Thompson Martin (March 25, 1823 – March 16, 1910) was an American lawyer and politician who became a Confederate States Army major general during the American Civil War. He later served in the Mississippi state senate, and was a delegate to four Democratic National Conventions. Martin was the president of the Natchez, Jackson, and Columbus Railroad, of which he oversaw the construction in 1884.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Duryea Power
Duryea Power Company was a manufacturer of Brass Era automobiles in Reading, Pennsylvania.  It was one of several similarly named companies that early automobile pioneer Charles Duryea was involved with.

The 1904 Duryea Straight-Line Phaeton was a phaeton model.  It could seat 2 passengers and sold for US$1350.  The slant-mounted straight-3, situated amidships of the car, produced 12 hp (8.9 kW).  The wood and iron-framed car weighed 950 lb (431 kg) and was noted for its high-speed capability. It had a 72" wheelbase.

The 1904 Duryea Tonneau was a tonneau version and could seat 5 to 7 passengers.  It sold for US$1750.  The armored wood-framed car weighed 1350 lb (612 kg). It had a 3-cylinder, 12 hp engine, a 2-speed manual transmission, and a 95" wheelbase.

Charles Duryea
Charles Edgar Duryea (December 15, 1861 – September 28, 1938) was an American engineer. He was the engineer of the second working American gasoline-powered car and co-founder of Duryea Motor Wagon Company. He was born near Canton, Illinois, a son of George Washington Duryea and Louisa Melvina Turner, and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but spent most of his life working in Springfield, Massachusetts.
Avvaiyar (film)
Avvaiyar is a 1953 Indian Tamil-language historical drama film directed by Kothamangalam Subbu, and produced by S. S. Vasan. The film stars K. B. Sundarambal as the title character. It was released on 15 August 1953.

Avvaiyar (Sangam poet)
Avvaiyar (Tamil: ஔவையார்) was a Tamil poet  who lived during the Sangam period and is said to have had cordial relations with the Tamil chieftains Vēl Pāri and Athiyamān. She wrote 59 poems in the Puṟanāṉūṟu. A plaque on a statue of the poet in Chennai suggests the first century BCE for her birthdate. The name Avvaiyar means a 'respectable good woman', hence a generic title; her personal name is not known.
Samay baji
Samay baji (Nepal Bhasa: समय् बजि) is an authentic traditional dish of the Newar community in Nepal. In recent years, it has become one of the main attractions of Nepalese cuisine. It is considered a typical dish of the Newar community and has been passed down through generations, remaining highly appreciated by the people.

There are no specific seasons for serving Samay Baji, but it is most commonly served during auspicious occasions, family gatherings, and Newar festivals. It is eaten as a starter during every festival, religious activity, and puja, and is also served during Sharada (death anniversary rituals). Due to its simplicity, it is enjoyed throughout the year, as it is easy to make and can be stored for a long time.

Samay Baji is also served during major festivals in Nepal, such as Indra Jatra, Dashain, and Tihar (including Laxmi Puja and Bhai Tika). This dish is served in almost all of the activities of the Newar community.

Newar festivals
The Newas are well known for their lavish festivals. The word jatra is used for carnivals. Based on Nepalese calendar, Nepal Sambat, the different festivals are:

Swanti

Sakimila Punhi

Yoma

Yomari Punhi

Ghayh

Swasthani

Shree Panchami

Sila Chahre

Holi Punhi

Pahan Charhe

Bisket Jatra

Jana Baha Dyah Jatra

Bungdya Jatra

Bhoto Jatra

Swanya Punhi

Sithi Nakhah

Gathan Mugah

Gunla

Gunhu Punhi

kuchhi bhoyey

Pancha Dan

Yenya

Mohani

Mataya (Lalitpur)
Ismael Romero
Ismael Romero Fernández (born June 23, 1991) is a Cuban-Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays for the Meralco Bolts of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) and the Puerto Rican national team. Romero formerly represented the Cuban national team. He played college basketball for Universidad del Turabo from Puerto Rico.

Cuba men's national basketball team
The Cuba men's national basketball team (Spanish: Selección masculina de baloncesto de Cuba) represents Cuba at international competitions. It won the bronze medal at 1972 Summer Olympics and finished in 4th place at the 1974 FIBA World Championship. It is the only team from the Caribbean to win a medal at a major global event.
Allomerus decemarticulatus
Allomerus decemarticulatus is an Amazonian ant species found in the tropics of South America. This species is most notable for the workers' complex and extreme predatory behavior, which involves a symbiosis with both a plant and fungal species.
They live in leaf pockets of a host plant species, Hirtella physophora. These leaf pockets are areas inside of the plant between the leaves and the stem. Each colony, which consists of about 1,200 workers, inhabits a single tree; however, the ants are spread among the leaf pockets, with typically 40 workers per pocket. Their diet primarily consists of large insects that are captured on the plant, but they also eat some kinds of food bodies produced by the plant as well as its nectar. They are able to capture their prey, which is much larger than themselves, by constructing a platform that acts as a trap for the unsuspecting prey. The ants hide in the trap and attack when any insect lands on it. This technique is an example of ambush predation.

Nectar
Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection. Common nectar-consuming pollinators include mosquitoes, hoverflies, wasps, bees, butterflies and moths, hummingbirds, honeyeaters and bats. 
Nectar is an economically important substance as it is the sugar source for honey.

Nectar is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of some predatory insects feed on nectar. For example, a number of predacious or parasitoid wasps (e.g., the social wasp species Apoica flavissima) rely on nectar as a primary food source. In turn, these wasps then hunt agricultural pest insects as food for their young.

Nectar is most often associated with flowering plants (angiosperms), but it is also produced by other groups, including ferns.
Mercedes Sola
Mercedes Solá Rodríguez (1879 – October 27, 1923) was a Puerto Rican writer, educator, and activist for the rights of women. Along with Isabel Andreu de Aguilar (1887–1948) and Ana Roque de Duprey (1853–1933), Sola was a feminist recognized in 1917 for the founding of the Puerto Rican League of Women. Sola, Andreu de Aguilar and Ana Roque de Duprey, along with others, brought about the passage of the country's suffrage bill. She was one of the main architects of the suffragette campaign in Puerto Rico from the 1920s, and was a leader of the Puerto Rican Woman's Suffrage Association. In 1922, she published Feminismo, in which she demanded the woman's right to vote in the society of his country; it is considered a landmark text in contemporary feminism.  She was also co-founder of the feminist magazine Women of the Twentieth Century, which aimed at defending the rights of women.

Ana Roque de Duprey
Ana Roqué de Duprey, also known as "Flor del Valle" (Flower of the Valley) for her work in botany, (April 18, 1853 – October 5, 1933,) was an educator, scientist, suffragist, and one of the founders of the University of Puerto Rico. She studied botany, astronomy, geology, and meteorology with Agustín Stahl and contributed to these disciplines with her own studies and publications. Roqué also founded the first woman's suffrage organizations in Puerto Rico in 1917.
Rodrigo Tavares
Rodrigo Marques Tavares (Lisbon, December 26, 1978) is a Portuguese scholar, financial market professional, and public administrator. He is a full professor (adjunct) at the NOVA School of Business and Economics (Nova SBE) and the founder and CEO of Granito Group, a financial group dedicated to the advancement of the sustainable economy. In 2017, he was named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum. He is a columnist for Folha de S.Paulo and Expresso, and a commentator on TSF radio.

Nova School of Business and Economics
NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE), formerly the Faculty of Economics of the New University of Lisbon, is one of the five faculties of the New University of Lisbon (UNL). It is dedicated to teaching and research in economics, finance and business management.

Founded in 1978, in 2024 it was recognised as the leading business school in Portugal and ranked 18th in Europe according to the Financial Times ranking.

The faculty is based at the Carcavelos Campus, facing the Fort of São Julião da Barra.
Phantom of the Theatre
Phantom of the Theatre (Chinese: 魔宫魅影; pinyin: Mó Gōng Mèi Yǐng) is a 2016 thriller film directed by Raymond Yip, starring Ruby Lin, Tony Yang, Simon Yam, and Huang Lei. A Chinese-Hong Kong co-production, the film depicts a tragic love story set in Shanghai during the 1930s. It was released in China on 29 April 2016.

Simon Yam
Simon Yam Tat-wah (Chinese: 任達華; born 19 March 1955) is a Hong Kong actor and film producer. He is best known for his collaborations with filmmaker Johnnie To in PTU (2003), Election (2005), Triangle (2007), and Sparrow (2008). His other notable films include SPL: Sha Po Lang (2005), Night & Fog (2009), and Echoes of the Rainbow (2010).
Kjernfjelltunnelen
Kjernfjelltunnelen (English: Kjernfjell Tunnel; Lule Sami: Girnotunælla) is a road tunnel on Norwegian National Road 77 (Rv 77) between the village of Storjord in Saltdal Municipality in Nordland county and the national border with Sweden. The tunnel runs through the mountain Kjernfjellet in the Junkerdalen valley. The tunnel has a length of 3,248 metres (2.018 mi).

The construction work began in September 2016, and the tunnel opened to traffic on 17 October 2019.

The tunnel replaced an exposed stretch of road and a bottleneck along Rv77 connecting Saltdal Municipality (in Norway) and Arjeplog Municipality (in Sweden). The old section passed through a gorge in the lower part of the Junkerdalen valley. The road was narrow, steep, and winding, and large vehicles often got stuck. Detour roads are E12 (Umbukta) and E10 (Bjørnfjell).

Saltdal Municipality
Saltdal (Northern Sami: Sálát) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rognan. Other villages in Saltdal include Røkland, Lønsdal, Langset, and Saksenvika.

The 2,216-square-kilometre (856 sq mi) municipality is the 26th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Saltdal Municipality is the 186th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,880. The municipality's population density is 2.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.7/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Émile Cammaerts
Émile Leon Cammaerts CBE (16 March 1878 in Saint-Gilles, Belgium – 2 November 1953, Radlett, Hertfordshire) was a Belgian playwright, poet (including war poet) and author who wrote primarily in English and French.

Cammaerts translated three books by art, history and landscape expert John Ruskin  and selected G. K. Chesterton Father Brown detective stories in La clairvoyance du père Brown.

He became Professor of Belgian Studies at the University of London in 1933, most of his works and papers are held there in the Senate House Library.

Cammaerts is the author of a famous quotation (often mistakenly attributed to G. K. Chesterton) in his study on Chesterton:

When men choose not to believe in God, they do not thereafter believe in nothing. They then become capable of believing in anything.

Saint-Gilles, Belgium
Saint-Gilles (French, pronounced [sɛ̃ ʒil] ⓘ) or Sint-Gillis (Dutch, pronounced [sɪntˈxɪlɪs] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the southern part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Anderlecht, Forest and Ixelles. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch), but predominantly French-speaking nowadays.

Saint-Gilles has a multicultural identity stemming from its diverse population. The housing stock varies from semi-derelict tenements near Brussels-South railway station in the north, to elegant bourgeois houses on the southern borders with Uccle and Ixelles, to tourist hotels at the inner end of the Chaussée de Charleroi/Charleroisesteenweg.
Rio Vermelho State Forest
The Rio Vermelho State Forest (Portuguese: Floresta Estadual de Rendimento Sustentado Rio Vermelho) is a state forest in the state of Rondônia, Brazil.
There are two parts, designated "A" and "B", originally with about 190,000 hectares (470,000 acres) in total. Both were later reduced in size, with parts allocated to other conservation units.
The status of the forest has been the subject of extended negotiations between the state and the federal government related to the Jirau hydroelectric plant and the illegal occupation of the Bom Futuro National Forest. It was incorporated in the Mapinguari National Park in 2010, but that has been appealed.

Bom Futuro National Forest
The Bom Futuro National Forest (Portuguese: Floresta Nacional do Bom Futuro) is a national forest in the state of Rondônia, Brazil.
The forest has been subject to a massive invasion of loggers, ranchers and farmers.
1983 NBL Finals
The 1983 NBL Finals was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball League's 1983 season, which began in February. The finals began on 23 June. The tournament concluded with the Canberra Cannons defeating the West Adelaide Bearcats in the NBL Grand Final on 4 July.

1983 NBL season
The 1983 NBL season was the fifth season of the National Basketball League (NBL). The regular season began on 10 February and ended on 18 June. The finals began on 23 June with the divisional finals before concluding on 4 July with the NBL Grand Final.
Sainte-Pauline shaft
The Sainte-Pauline shaft is a former coal mine shaft located in the Ronchamp coal basin, along the RD 619 road in the commune of Champagney, Haute-Saône, eastern France. Excavation began in 1854, and coal extraction took place from 1861 until the shaft was backfilled in 1884.

In the 1870s, a mining settlement was established near the shaft, including a phalanstery and a Catholic chapel. These structures remained inhabited into the early 21st century. Visible remnants include parts of the shaft and slag heaps. An informational panel installed in 2017 presents the history of the Sainte-Pauline and Sainte-Barbe shafts.

Company town
A company town is a place where all or most of the stores and housing in the town are owned by the same company that is also the main employer. Company towns are often planned with a suite of amenities such as stores, houses of worship, schools, markets, and recreation facilities.

Some company towns were established to improve living conditions for workers, but many have been regarded as controlling and/or exploitative. Others were not planned, such as Summit Hill, Pennsylvania, United States, one of the oldest, which began as a Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company mining camp and mine site nine miles (14 km) from the nearest outside road.
Michael F. Nozzolio
Michael F. Nozzolio (born April 10, 1951) is the former New York State Senator for the 54th district. He is a Republican. He was first elected in 1992. The 54th district included parts of the city of Auburn, New York, Geneva, New York, and part or all of the following counties, Wayne County, Ontario County, Cayuga County, Tompkins County, Seneca County, and Monroe County. Nozzolio did not seek re-election in 2016, and was succeeded by Pam Helming.

He previously served as a member of the state Assembly from 1983-92.

Seneca County, New York
Seneca County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,814. The primary county seat is Waterloo, moved there from the original county seat of Ovid in 1819. It became a two-shire county in 1822, which currently remains in effect and uses both locations as county seats although the majority of Seneca County administrative offices are located in Waterloo. Therefore, most political sources list only Waterloo as the county seat. The county's name comes from the Seneca Nation of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), who occupied part of the region. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Seneca County comprises the Seneca Falls, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY Combined Statistical Area.
Anne Brolly
Anne Brolly is a former Irish republican politician, musician and singer who was Mayor of Limavady from 2003 to 2004, and a Limavady Borough Councillor for the Benbradagh DEA from 2001 to 2005. She then represented Limavady Town on the council until 2014. Initially a member of Sinn Féin, Brolly resigned from the party in 2016, over its abortion stance. She later joined Aontú in 2019.

Aontú
Aontú (Irish: [ˈeːn̪ˠt̪ˠuː]; "Unity") is a conservative Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It has been led by Peadar Tóibín since its foundation in January 2019. The party holds socially conservative positions, with a significant policy being opposition to abortion, and is left-wing on economic issues. Political observers have variously characterised Aontú as centre-left, right-wing, or populist.
Josh Pederson
Josh Pederson (born September 22, 1997) is an American football tight end. He played college football at Louisiana-Monroe. He played for the Houston Gamblers of the United States Football League (USFL) from 2022 to 2023.

Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football
The Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football (also known as ULM Warhawks, formerly competing as the Northeast Louisiana Indians) program is a college football team that represents the University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM).

With a history dating back to 1931, ULM competes in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), as a member of the Sun Belt Conference, and play their home games on campus at Malone Stadium in Monroe, Louisiana. Formerly known as the Indians, the Warhawks nickname was adopted in 2006.

They moved up to Division I-A (now FBS) in 1994. The Warhawks played in their first and only FBS bowl game in 2012, in the Independence Bowl in Shreveport, losing 45–14 to the Ohio Bobcats. Their thirteen-year drought is currently the longest among all NCAA Division I FBS teams.
Abbi Church
Abbi Church (born 6 March 1998) is an Australian rugby league footballer who plays for the Parramatta Eels in the NRL Women's Premiership.

A fullback or centre, Church is an Australian and New South Wales representative.

Parramatta Eels Women
Parramatta Eels Women are a rugby league team, representing the Parramatta region of Sydney. The team is part of the Parramatta Eels club and plays in the National Rugby League Women's Premiership. The club announced their first player signings in late June 2021.
Perugia Cathedral
Perugia Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Perugia), officially the Metropolitan Cathedral of St. Lawrence (Cattedrale Metropolitana di San Lorenzo), is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Perugia, Umbria, central Italy, dedicated to Saint Lawrence. Formerly the seat of the bishops and archbishops of Perugia, it has been since 1986 the archiepiscopal seat of the Archdiocese of Perugia-Città della Pieve

Archdiocese of Perugia–Città della Pieve
The Archdiocese of Perugia-Città della Pieve (Latin: Archidioecesis Perusina-Civitatis Plebis) is a Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church. It was historically the Diocese of Perugia. It became the Archdiocese of Perugia in 1882, but without suffragans. It acquired suffragan dioceses in 1972. It was united in 1986 with the Diocese of Città della Pieve. The Current Archbishop is Ivan Maffeis
Stan Webb (rugby league)
Stanley George Webb was a New Zealand international rugby league player who represented them 15 times in 1925 and 1926. Webb was the 177th player to represent New Zealand. He also played 10 matches for Auckland from 1922 to 1927. Webb played club rugby league for Devonport United for 7 seasons, 1 season for Ellerslie and 1 season for a combined Ellerslie-Otahuhu senior side.

Ellerslie Eagles
The Ellerslie Eagles are a rugby league club based in Ellerslie, New Zealand. The club was founded in 1912 and competes in Auckland Rugby League competitions. Its premier team competes in the Sharman cup. The club celebrated its centenary Queen's Birthday weekend, 2012.
Reimund Bieringer
Reimund Bieringer (born 1957) is a German theologian, biblical scholar, Professor Emeritus (with formal duties) of New Testament Exegesis at the Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, KU Leuven, Belgium, and a Roman Catholic priest of the Diocese of Speyer in Germany. The main areas of his research include the Second Letter to the Corinthians (exegesis and theology), the Gospel of John (Anti-Judaism and the Gospel of John; Mary Magdalene and the Noli me tangere), and biblical hermeneutics (normativity of the future).

Faculty of Theology, Catholic University of Leuven
The Leuven Faculty of Theology was a branch of the Catholic University of Leuven, founded in 1834 in Mechelen by the bishops of Belgium as the Catholic University of Belgium, that moved its seat to the town of Leuven in 1835, changing its name to Catholic University of Leuven.

In 1968 the faculty was divided into Flemish and French speaking departments, and they exist today as faculties of two separate universities: the Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), and the Faculty of Theology of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain), which moved to Louvain-la-Neuve.