hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of slavery in Oklahoma
The history of slavery in Oklahoma began in the 1830s with the five Native American nations in the area: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. Slavery within these Native American nations began simply by placing a lower status on them than their master. The slavery in these tribes varied in style, being specifically different from American slavery. Slavery in the area continued to grow for many years, even throughout the entirety of the Civil War. The growth was significant, slaves making up a portion of the population in the new Indian territory. Slavery ended in the Oklahoma area with the completion of the Civil War. Treaties were made with the nations regarding citizenship and slavery for African Americans. The repercussions of slavery that followed greatly affected the state, with prominent racial issues.

Slavery among Native Americans in the United States
Slavery among Native Americans in the United States includes slavery by and enslavement of Native Americans roughly within what is currently the United States of America.

Tribal territories and the slave trade ranged over present-day borders. Some Native American tribes held war captives as slaves prior to and during European colonization. Some Native Americans were captured and sold by others into slavery to Europeans, while others were captured and sold by Europeans themselves. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, a small number of tribes, such as the five so-called "civilized tribes", began increasing their holding of African-American slaves.

European contact greatly influenced slavery as it existed among pre-contact Native Americans, particularly in scale. As they raided other tribes to capture slaves for sales to Europeans, they fell into destructive wars among themselves, and against Europeans.
Shorsky National Park
Shorsky National Park (Russian: Шорский национальный парк) is a forested, mountainous area in southwestern Siberia, where the West Siberian Plain meets the South Siberian Mountains.  It is representative of areas with dark taiga tree cover (92% of the park is forested).   With an area of 1,614 square miles (4,180 km2), the park covers over a third of Tashtagolsky District at the southern end of Kemerovo Oblast, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the city of Kemerovo.   The area is the home of the Shors people, and has historically been associated with mining and logging industries before being established as a protected area in 1999.

Shors
Shors or Shorians (Shor: sg. шор-кижи, shor-kizhi, тадар-кижи, tadar-kizhi, шор, shor, тадар, tadar, pl. шор-кижилер, shor-kizhiler, тадар-кижилер, tadar-kizhiler, шорлар, shorlar, тадарлар, tadarlar) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Kemerovo Oblast of Russia. Their self designation is Шор (tr. Shor). They were also called Kuznetskie Tatars (кузнецкие татары), Kondoma Tatars (кондомские татары), Mras-Su Tatars (мрасские татары) in some of the documents of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Most Shors live in the Tom basin along the Kondoma and Mras-Su Rivers. This region is historically called Mountainous Shoria. The Shors also live in Khakassia and Altai Republic. According to 2002 census, there were 13,975 Shors in Russia (12,601 in 1926, 16,042 in 1939, 14,938 in 1959, 15,950 in 1970, 15,182 in 1979 and 15,745 in 1989). The Shors speak their own Shor language.
Solomon Richards (surgeon)
Solomon Richards (c. 1760 – 6 November 1819) was an Irish surgeon who served four terms as president of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) in 1794, 1803, 1808, and 1818. He achieved fame by performing a tracheotomy in public for which act he featured in a satirical poem in The Metropolis. He was praised for his philanthropy and noted for his puns and bon mots. He was said to be the "fattest surgeon in the United Kingdom".

William Norcott (satirist)
William Norcott (c. 1770 – c. 1820) was an Irish lawyer and satirist. He has been credited as the author of several works, such as The Metropolis, which created a sensation in Dublin in the early 1800s. He was regarded as self-indulgent and, according to contemporary accounts, ended his life in poverty in Constantinople, where he was decapitated and his body thrown into the sea.
Carol Harris
Carol Harris (March 26, 1923 – August 7, 2021) was an American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame horsewoman. Harris made her way into a self-proclaimed "good ol' boy" industry. She was one of the first women American Quarter Horse Association's (AQHA) judges. She judged at the AQHA World Championship Show, the first woman to do so.

American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame
The American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame and Museum was created by the American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA), based in Amarillo, Texas. Ground breaking construction of the Hall of Fame Museum began in 1989. The distinction is earned by people and horses who have contributed to the growth of the American Quarter Horse and "have been outstanding over a period of years in a variety of categories". In 1982, Bob Denhardt and Ernest Browning were the first individuals to receive the honor of being inducted into the AQHA Hall of Fame. In 1989, Wimpy P-1, King P-234, Leo and Three Bars were the first horses inducted into the AQHA Hall of Fame.
Nazar (TV series)
Nazar (transl. Evil Eye) is an Indian supernatural thriller series produced by 4 Lions Films and directed by Atif Khan that airs on StarPlus and streams digitally on Disney+ Hotstar.

Season 1 of the franchise aired from 30 July 2018 to 18 February 2020. It starred Monalisa, Niyati Fatnani, and Harsh Rajput and performed well in TRP charts apart from gaining popularity.

Season 2 of the franchise, which replaced Season 1, premiered on 19 February 2020 and starred Monalisa and Shruti Sharma. Despite having good ratings, the second season of Nazar went off-air due to the pandemic situation of COVID-19 and its high production demand.

A telefilm of Nazar premiered on Star Plus on 10 October 2021 under the name Ankahee Dastaan – Nazar.

StarPlus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, romantic comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
Wettererkundungsstaffel
Wettererkundungsstaffeln (also known as Wekusta or Westa) were flying units of the Luftwaffe of squadron strength used for weather reconnaissance. Their primary task was to collect weather data in areas that only aircraft could penetrate.

For the planning and conduct of military operations, the ability to produce accurate weather forecasts can be a decisive factor. However, international weather data required for this purpose were not readily available to the German military at the time of the Second World War. The Wehrmacht therefore created a global network of weather stations, weather ships and weather aircraft. The weather aircraft were organised into special squadrons and were usually directly subordinate to the Luftwaffe or Luftwaffenführungskommando. Overall, there were eleven Wekustas, each of which had between three and twelve two-engined aircraft. Many meteorologists were conscripted into the squadrons to collect the weather data and more than 200 of them were killed.

Meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.

Meteorologists work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. They are not to be confused with weather presenters, who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists.
Jin Air Green Wings
Jin Air Green Wings (Korean: 진에어 그린윙스) was a South Korean e-sports organization with teams competing in StarCraft II and League of Legends. Its parent organization was Korean Air subsidiary Jin Air. The organization was formed in November 2011 as a StarCraft: Brood War team, which combined three disbanding Proleague teams: Hwaesung Oz, WeMade FOX and MBCGame HERO. It was simply known as "The 8th Team" until Jin Air became its title sponsor in July 2013. Jin Air Green Wings was one of eight Korean e-Sports Association recognized teams participating in Proleague when it disbanded in late 2020.

Korea e-Sports Association
The Korea e-Sports Association (KeSPA) is a South Korean organization established to oversee, regulate, and promote esports in South Korea. It is a member of the  Korean Olympic Committee and the International e-Sports Federation. As of June 2012, it was the managing body for 25 e-sports in the country, including Starcraft II: Legacy of the Void (excluded in 2016), League of Legends, Dota 2, and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. KeSPA also hosts the KeSPA Cup, a yearly tournament event for some of their games.
Bo Rybeck
Bo Rybeck (21 January 1935 – 16 December 2019) was a Swedish physician and researcher. He served as Surgeon-General of the Swedish Armed Forces (1981–1985) and as Director-General of the Swedish National Defence Research Institute (1985–1994).

Surgeon-General of the Swedish Armed Forces
The Surgeon-General of the Swedish Armed Forces (Swedish: Generalläkaren, GL, previously Generalfältläkaren, since 2017 called the Försvarsinspektören för hälsa och miljö, FIHM) is the highest-ranking medical officer of the Swedish Armed Forces. The Surgeon-General is responsible for the supervision of the Swedish Armed Forces, the Defence Materiel Administration, the Swedish Fortifications Agency and the National Defence Radio Establishment. This includes supervision in the areas of environment, health, nature, sewage, waste and chemicals.
Santa Lucia del Gonfalone
Santa Lucia del Gonfalone is a church in the diocese of Rome, Italy. It is located on Via dei Banchi Vecchi just one block south of Corso Vittorio Emanuele. The former site of the Archconfraternity of the Gonfalone, the Claretian Missionaries have their provincial headquarters here. The church was made a cardinalate deaconry by Pope John Paul II on 21 October 2003.

Claretians
The Claretians, officially named the Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Latin: Congregatio Missionariorum Filiorum Immaculati Cordis Beatae Mariae Virginis; abbreviated CMF), is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men headquartered in Rome. It was founded on July 16, 1849, by Fr. Antonio María Claret y Clará, C.M.F. They are active as  missionaries worldwide, in 70 countries on five continents. The number of Claretian priests and brothers is at more than 3,000. The Congregation has a particular devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary and members have published extensively in Mariology.
Ashkash
Ashkash (Persian: اشکَش [Ashˈkash], Balochi: آسکَشّ), also known as Askas or Arsakes, is a major figure in the epic poem Shahnameh. He is introduced by Ferdowsi as the general of Kay Khosrow's army.

He is depicted as an Iranian hero from the Kayanian dynasty, tasked by Kay Khosrow to govern Makran. As a commander, Ashkash played led the army during Kay Khosrow's campaign against Turan to avenge the death of Siyavash.

Shahnameh
The Shahnameh is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the Shahnameh is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the mythical and to some extent the historical past of Iran from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic.

The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural identity of Iran.
Anarchism in Argentina
The Argentine anarchist movement was one of the strongest such movements in South America. It saw great support between 1890 and the start of a series of military governments in 1930. During this period, it was dominated by anarchist communists and anarcho-syndicalists. The movement's theories were a hybrid of European anarchist thought and local elements, just as it consisted demographically of both European immigrant workers and native Argentines.

Anarchist communism
Anarchist communism is a far-left political ideology and anarchist school of thought that advocates a form of communism. It calls for the abolition of hierarchies, as well as private property but retention of personal property and collectively owned items, goods, and services. It supports social ownership of property and the distribution of resources (i.e. from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs).

Anarchist communism was first formulated as such in the Italian section of the International Workingmen's Association. The theoretical work of Peter Kropotkin took importance later as it expanded and developed pro-organizationalist and insurrectionary anti-organizationalist section. Examples of anarchist communist societies are the anarchist territories of the Makhnovshchina during the Russian Revolution, and those of the Spanish Revolution, most notably revolutionary Catalonia.
Infinite switch
An infinite switch, simmerstat, energy regulator or infinite controller is a type of switch that allows variable power output of a heating element of an electric stove. It is called "infinite" because its average output is infinitely variable rather than being limited to a few switched levels. It uses a bi-metallic strip conductive connection across terminals that disconnects with increased temperature. As current passes through the bimetal connection, it will heat and deform, breaking the connection and turning off the power. After a short time, the bimetal will cool and reconnect. Infinite switches vary the average power delivered to a device by switching frequently between on and off states.  They may be used for situations that are not sensitive to such changes, such as the resistive heating elements in electric stoves and kilns.

Bimetallic strip
A bimetallic strip or bimetal strip is a strip that consists of two strips of different metals which expand at different rates as they are heated. The different expansion rates cause the strip to bend one way if heated, and in the opposite direction if cooled below its initial temperature. Thus, a bimetal strip converts a temperature change into mechanical displacement. The metal with the higher coefficient of thermal expansion is on the outer side of the curve when the strip is heated and on the inner side when cooled. Common applications include temperature sensing (thermometer) and regulation (thermostat).

The invention of the bimetallic strip is generally credited to John Harrison, an eighteenth-century clockmaker who made it for his third marine chronometer (H3) of 1759  to compensate for temperature-induced changes in the balance spring. Harrison's invention is recognized in the memorial to him in Westminster Abbey, England.
1932 United States presidential election in Illinois
The 1932 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 8, 1932, as part of the 1932 United States presidential election. State voters chose 29 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Illinois was won by Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt (D–New York), running with Speaker John Nance Garner, with 55.23% of the popular vote, against incumbent President Herbert Hoover (R–California), running with Vice President Charles Curtis, with 42.04% of the popular vote.

This is the only occasion since at least the American Civil War that any Democratic presidential candidate has ever carried Ford County or Stark County. As of the 2024 presidential election, this is also the last occasion when Livingston County and Washington County have voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.

Livingston County, Illinois
Livingston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 35,815. Its county seat is Pontiac. Livingston County comprises the Pontiac, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is combined with the Bloomington–Normal metropolitan statistical area as the Bloomington-Pontiac, IL Combined Statistical Area in the upper portion of Central Illinois.
Colorado ex rel. Suthers v. Hall
Colorado ex rel. Suthers v. Hall was a Colorado District Court case dealing with the use of civil disobedience, specifically by issuing same-sex marriage licenses to couples despite the stay of court rulings supporting them. The Court found that a county clerk was indeed allowed to engage in this practice did not meet its burden to stay the clerk from doing so. The Colorado Court of Appeals agreed; the Colorado Supreme Court has stayed the clerk's actions while it waits to hear the case after October 20, 2014.

Colorado Supreme Court
The Colorado Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Colorado. Located in Denver, the court was established in 1876. It consists of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices who are appointed by the Governor of Colorado from a list of candidates approved by a state judicial commission. Each justice faces a retention election two years after their appointment and every ten years thereafter, with mandatory retirement at age 72.
Sword Art Online Alternative: Gun Gale Online
Sword Art Online Alternative: Gun Gale Online (Japanese: ソードアート・オンライン オルタナティブ ガンゲイル・オンライン, Hepburn: Sōdo Āto Onrain Orutanatibu: Gan Geiru Onrain) is a Japanese light novel series written by Keiichi Sigsawa and illustrated by Kouhaku Kuroboshi.  The series is a spin-off of Reki Kawahara's Sword Art Online series.  A manga adaptation by Tadadi Tamori launched in 2015, and an anime television series adaptation produced by studio 3Hz aired between April and June 2018. A second season produced by A-1 Pictures premiered in October 2024. Both the light novel and the manga adaptation are published in North America by Yen Press, while the anime is licensed by Aniplex of America.

A-1 Pictures
A-1 Pictures, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社A-1 Pictures, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Ē-wan Pikuchāzu) is a Japanese animation studio and production company founded by ex-Sunrise producer Mikihiro Iwata. It is a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan's anime production firm Aniplex.
Lizard Squad
Lizard Squad was a black hat hacking group, mainly known for claiming responsibility for a series of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks that disrupted video-gaming-related services.

On September 3, 2014, Lizard Squad seemingly announced that it had disbanded only to return later on, claiming responsibility for a variety of attacks on prominent websites. The organization at one point participated in the Darkode hacking forums and shared hosting with them.

On April 30, 2016, Cloudflare published a blog post detailing how cyber criminals using this group's name were issuing random threats of carrying out DDoS attacks. Despite these threats, Cloudflare claim they failed to carry through with a single attack. As a result of this, the British National Fraud Intelligence Bureau issued an alert warning businesses not to comply with ransom messages threatening DDoS attacks.

Security hacker
A security hacker or security researcher is someone who explores methods for breaching or bypassing defenses and exploiting weaknesses in a computer system or network. Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, sabotage, information gathering, challenge, recreation, or evaluation of a system weaknesses to assist in formulating defenses against potential hackers.

Longstanding controversy surrounds the meaning of the term "hacker". In this controversy, computer programmers reclaim the term hacker, arguing that it refers simply to someone with an advanced understanding of computers and computer networks, and that cracker is the more appropriate term for those who break into computers, whether computer criminals (black hats) or computer security experts (white hats). A 2014 article noted that "the black-hat meaning still prevails among the general public". The subculture that has evolved around hackers is often referred to as the "computer underground".
Rio Nakata
Rio Nakata (中田璃士, Nakata Rio; born 8 September 2008) is a Welsh–Japanese figure skater. He is the 2025 Junior World champion, 2024–25 Japan national silver medalist, the 2024 Junior World silver medalist, the 2023–24 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, the 2024–25 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, a five-time ISU Junior Grand Prix medalist, a two-time Japanese Junior national champion (2024-25), and the 2023–24 Japanese Junior national silver medalist.

2024 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2024 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held from February 26 to March 3, 2024, at the Taipei Arena in Taipei, Taiwan. The competition determined the entry quotas for each skating federation at the 2025 World Junior Championships. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
Elvis by Request: Flaming Star and 3 Other Great Songs
Elvis by Request: Flaming Star and 3 Other Great Songs is an EP by American singer Elvis Presley, containing two songs from the motion picture Flaming Star ("Flaming Star" and "Summer Kisses Winter Tears", the latter cut from the final print) and two of his earlier hits on the reverse side.

Flaming Star
Flaming Star is a 1960 American Western film starring Elvis Presley, Barbara Eden, and Steve Forrest, based on the book Flaming Lance (1958) by Clair Huffaker. Critics agreed that Presley gave one of his better acting performances as the mixed-blood "Pacer Burton", a dramatic role. The film was directed by Don Siegel and had a working title of Black Star.

The film reached number 12 on the box-office charts.

It was filmed in Utah and Los Angeles, as well as in Wildwood Regional Park in Thousand Oaks, California. A road near Wildwood in Thousand Oaks has been named Flaming Star Avenue after the film.
Elizabeth Itotia
Elizabeth Wangari Itotia (born c. 1992), is a nuclear pharmacist from Kenya. She is the first Kenyan woman to qualify as a nuclear pharmacist (also referred to as a radiopharmacist). As of July 2021, she is one of only three similarly qualified people in that country, the others being male. She is currently employed as a member of the nuclear pharmacy team at Kenyatta University Teaching, Referral and Research Hospital (KUTRRH).

Nuclear pharmacy
Nuclear pharmacy, also known as radiopharmacy, involves preparation of radioactive materials for patient administration that will be used to diagnose and treat specific diseases in nuclear medicine. It generally involves the practice of combining a radionuclide tracer with a pharmaceutical component that determines the biological localization in the patient. Radiopharmaceuticals are generally not designed to have a therapeutic effect themselves, but there is a risk to staff from radiation exposure and to patients from possible contamination in production. Due to these intersecting risks, nuclear pharmacy is a heavily regulated field. The majority of diagnostic nuclear medicine investigations are performed using technetium-99m.