hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aphronitre
Aphronitre, or aphronitrum, is a kind of nitre, mentioned in ancient texts. It was supposed to be the foam or froth of a liquid, emerging to the top. Naturalists have taken the ancient aphronitre to have been a native saltpetre.

Potassium nitrate
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula KNO3. It is a potassium salt of nitric acid. This salt consists of potassium cations K+ and nitrate anions NO−3, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre outside the United States). It is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named after niter. Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpetre (or saltpeter in American English).

Major uses of potassium nitrate are in fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants and fireworks. It is one of the major constituents of traditional gunpowder (black powder). In processed meats, potassium nitrate reacts with hemoglobin and myoglobin generating a red color.
2016 SportsCar Grand Prix
The 2016 Mobil 1 SportsCar Grand Prix was a sports car race sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) held at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park near Bowmanville, Ontario on July 10, 2016.  The race was the seventh round of the 2016 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship and the event marked the 31st IMSA sanctioned sports car race held at the facility.

2016 IMSA SportsCar Championship
The 2016 IMSA SportsCar Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2016 IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship) was the third season of the United SportsCar Championship and first to be under the name as the IMSA SportsCar Championship organized by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA). It was the 46th season of IMSA-sanctioned GT Championship sportscar racing tracing its lineage to the 1971 IMSA Camel GT season. It began on January 30 with the 24 Hours of Daytona and ended on October 1 at Petit Le Mans.
Andromeda XXII
Andromeda XXII (Pisces VI, Triangulum I) is a low surface brightness dwarf spheroidal galaxy about 940–1,033 kiloparsecs (3.07×10^6–3.37×10^6 ly) away from the Sun in the constellation Pisces, of the Local Group.

Andromeda XXII is located much closer in projection to M33 than M31 [42 kiloparsecs (140×10^3 ly) vs. 224 kiloparsecs (730×10^3 ly)]. This fact suggests that it might be the first Triangulum (M33) satellite ever discovered. However, it is currently catalogued as a satellite of Andromeda (M31).

The discovery arose from the first year data of a photometric survey of the M31/M33 subgrouping of the Local Group by the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS). This survey was conducted with the Megaprime/MegaCam wide-field camera mounted on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope.

Triangulum Galaxy
The Triangulum Galaxy is a spiral galaxy  2.878 million light-years (ly) from Earth in the constellation Triangulum. It is catalogued as Messier 33 or NGC 598. With the D25 isophotal diameter of 18.74 kiloparsecs (61,100 light-years), the Triangulum Galaxy is the third-largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, behind the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way.

The galaxy is the second-smallest spiral galaxy in the Local Group after the Large Magellanic Cloud, which is a Magellanic-type spiral galaxy. It is believed to be a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy or on its rebound into the latter due to their interactions, velocities, and proximity to one another in the night sky. It also has an H II nucleus.
Cieszyn West County
The Cieszyn West County (Polish pronunciation: [ˈt͡ɕɛ.ʂɘ̟n]; Polish: powiat cieszyński zachodni) was short-lived county of Silesian Voivodeship, Poland in 1938. It was established following the incorporation of Trans-Olza region by Poland from Czechoslovakia on 2 October 1938. It was formed from Český Těšín District. On 27 October 1938, it was incorporated into the Cieszyn County. Its seat was located in Český Těšín (then known in Polish as Cieszyn Zachodni).

Český Těšín
Český Těšín (Czech: [ˈtʃɛskiː ˈcɛʃiːn] ⓘ; Polish: Czeski Cieszyn; German: Tschechisch-Teschen) is a town in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants.

Český Těšín lies on the west bank of the Olza river, in the heart of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Until the 1920 division of the region between Poland and Czechoslovakia it was just a western suburb of the town of Teschen, which after the division fell to Poland as Cieszyn. The combined population of the Czech and Polish parts of the town is around 57,000 (23,500 in Český Těšín, 33,500 in Cieszyn).

The historic centre in Český Těšín is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Schuyler family
The Schuyler family (/ˈskaɪlər/; Dutch pronunciation:  [sxœylər]) was a prominent Dutch family in New York and New Jersey in the 18th and 19th centuries, whose descendants played a critical role in the formation of the United States (especially New York City and northern New Jersey), in leading government and business in North America and served as leaders in business, military, politics, and society. The other two most influential New York dynasties of the 18th and 19th centuries were the Livingston family and the Clinton family.

Livingston family
The Livingston family of New York is a prominent family that migrated from Scotland to the Dutch Republic, and then to the Province of New York in the 17th century. Descended from the 4th Lord Livingston, its members included signers of the United States Declaration of Independence (Philip Livingston) and the United States Constitution (William Livingston). Several members were Lords of Livingston Manor and Clermont Manor, located along the Hudson River in 18th-century eastern New York.
Doob's martingale convergence theorems
In mathematics – specifically, in the theory of stochastic processes – Doob's martingale convergence theorems are a collection of results on the limits of supermartingales, named after the American mathematician Joseph L. Doob. Informally, the martingale convergence theorem typically refers to the result that any supermartingale satisfying a certain boundedness condition must converge. One may think of supermartingales as the random variable analogues of non-increasing sequences; from this perspective, the martingale convergence theorem is a random variable analogue of the monotone convergence theorem, which states that any bounded monotone sequence converges. There are symmetric results for submartingales, which are analogous to non-decreasing sequences.

Martingale (probability theory)
In probability theory, a martingale is a stochastic process in which the expected value of the next observation, given all prior observations, is equal to the most recent value. In other words, the conditional expectation of the next value, given the past, is equal to the present value. Martingales are used to model fair games, where future expected winnings are equal to the current amount regardless of past outcomes.
2016–17 Ukrainian Men's Handball Super League
The 2016–17 Superleague is the 26th season of the Ukrainian Men's Handball Super League, Ukrainian's top-tier handball league. A total of eight teams contest this season's league, which began on 2 September 2016 and is scheduled to conclude in May 2017. HC Motor Zaporizhzhia are the defending champions.

Ukrainian Men's Handball Super League
The Ukrainian Men's Handball Super League (Ukrainian: Гандбольна Суперліга) is the top men's league of Ukrainian handball. It was founded in 1992. It is run by the Handball Federation of Ukraine (FHU).
Hainan Island incident
The Hainan Island incident was a ten-day international incident between the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC) that resulted from a mid-air collision between a United States Navy EP-3E ARIES II signals intelligence aircraft and a People's Liberation Army Air Force J-8 interceptor on April 1, 2001.

The EP-3 was flying over the South China sea at a point roughly midway between Hainan Island and the Paracel Islands when it was intercepted by two J-8II fighters. A collision between the EP-3 and one of the J-8s caused damage to the EP-3 and the loss of the J-8 and its pilot. The EP-3 was forced to make an emergency landing on Hainan without permission from the PRC, and its 24 crew members were detained and interrogated by Chinese authorities until a statement was delivered by the United States government regarding the incident. The ambiguous phrasing of the statement allowed both countries to save face and defused a potentially volatile situation.

Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT). As classified and sensitive information is usually encrypted, signals intelligence may necessarily involve cryptanalysis (to decipher the messages). Traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling to whom and in what quantity—is also used to integrate information, and it may complement cryptanalysis.
Eucalyptus cornuta
Eucalyptus cornuta, commonly known as yate, is a tree species, sometimes a mallee and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has rough, fibrous bark on all or most of its trunk, smooth bark above, mostly lance-shaped adult leaves, elongated flower buds in groups of eleven or more, yellowish flowers and cylindrical to cup-shaped fruit. It is widely cultivated and produces one of the hardest and strongest timbers in the world.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
Michael Gudinski
Michael Solomon Gudinski AM (22 August 1952 – 2 March 2021) was an Australian record executive and promoter who was a leading figure in the Australian music industry. Born and raised in Melbourne, Gudinski formed the highly successful Australian record company Mushroom Records in 1972 through which he signed several generations of Australian musicians and performers ranging from MacKenzie Theory, Skyhooks, The Choirboys, Kylie Minogue, and New Zealand's Split Enz to newer artists such as Eskimo Joe, Evermore and others.

Gudinski was considered to be "one of the most significant and powerful players" in the Australian music landscape.

Split Enz
Split Enz are a New Zealand band formed in 1972 in Auckland. Regarded as the first New Zealand band to gain significant recognition outside of Australasia, they were initially noted for their progressive/art rock sound, flamboyant visual style and theatrical performances. The band later moved toward a pop/new wave sound that yielded hit singles such as "I See Red" (1978), "I Got You" (1980), "History Never Repeats" (1981), "Dirty Creature" (1982) and "Message to My Girl" (1983). The band also released several critically acclaimed and commercially successful albums, including Mental Notes (1975), Dizrythmia (1977), True Colours (1980), Waiata (1981) and Time and Tide (1982). Split Enz broke up in 1984. Since that time, the band has staged several brief reunions.
Thick-billed saltator
The thick-billed saltator (Saltator maxillosus) is a species of saltator in the family Thraupidae. It is found in highland Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, far northeastern Argentina (only Misiones Province), and perhaps far eastern Paraguay. Unlike most other saltators, it is sexually dichromatic: Females resemble a green-winged saltator, but with a thicker bill, greener face and buff throat. The male thick-billed saltator is unique with its long white eyebrow, grey back, and black and orange beak (amount of orange varies).

Green-winged saltator
The green-winged saltator (Saltator similis) is a species of saltator in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and ranges into the southern cerrado and the pantanal.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.
Flag of Paris
The flag of Paris is vertically divided between the traditional colours of Paris, blue and red, both of which also feature in the city's coat of arms. Red is identified with Saint Denis (a martyr who shed blood), blue with Saint Martin (a bishop).

The colours of Paris are the origin of the blue and red stripes in the flag of France, while the white stripe originally symbolised the monarchy. The French flag's colours were adopted as a cockade during the early stages of the French Revolution, when the country was still in the process of becoming a constitutional monarchy.

Coat of arms of Paris
The coat of arms of Paris (French: blason de Paris) shows a silver sailing ship on waves of the sea in a red field, with a chief showing the royal fleurs-de-lis. Originally introduced in the 14th century, its current form dates to 1853. The city motto is Fluctuat nec mergitur ("[She] is tossed [by the waves], but does not sink"). The traditional colors of the city of Paris are red and blue.
Riverside South (Canary Wharf)
Riverside South is a proposed skyscraper development in Canary Wharf, London. Some below ground-level work was completed by 2014 on behalf of investment bank J.P. Morgan & Co., which bought a 999-year lease on the site with the intention of making the building its London office, but the firm moved into an existing Canary Wharf building and the site remained dormant into the 2020s. Plans to continue construction at the site were announced in November 2025.

Canary Wharf
Canary Wharf is a privately owned financial district in London, England, located in the Isle of Dogs in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The Greater London Authority defines it as part of London's central business district. With the City of London and the West End, it constitutes one of the main financial centres in the United Kingdom and the world, containing many major global companies and banks' headquarters and high-rise buildings, including the third-tallest in the UK, One Canada Square.

The district was developed on the site of the former West India Docks in East London. Canary Wharf, together with Heron Quays and Wood Wharf, forms the Canary Wharf Estate, covering around 97 acres (39 ha).
Strategic and Commercial Dialogue
The Strategic and Commercial Dialogue was a diplomatic summit that had been held from 2010 to 2016 between India and the United States to discuss and work on common issues of concern to improve and strengthen India–United States relations.

The summit initially started as the U.S.–India Strategic Dialogue which was held from 2010 to 2014. The dialogue was announced on July 20, 2009, by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton during her visit to India. In 2015, President Barack Obama and Prime Minister Narendra Modi agreed to elevate the U.S.-India Strategic Dialogue to the Strategic and Commercial Dialogue "reflecting the United States and India's shared priorities of generating economic growth, creating jobs, improving the investment climate, and strengthening the middle class in both countries."

The Strategic and Commercial Dialogue was replaced in 2018 with the 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue.

2+2 Ministerial Dialogue
The 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue is a diplomatic summit that has been held every year since 2018 initially between the Minister of External Affairs or Foreign Minister, and Defence Minister of India with the Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense of the United States to discuss and work on common issues of concern to improve and strengthen India–United States relations.

In 2019, the summit involved the respective Foreign and Defence ministers between both India and Japan. In 2021, the summit was expanded to meetings with the Foreign and Defence ministers of Australia and Russia.
ATC code A12
ATC code A12 Mineral supplements is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup A12 is part of the anatomical group A Alimentary tract and metabolism.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QA12. ATCvet codes without corresponding human ATC codes are cited with the leading Q in the following list.National versions of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.

Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. Its purpose is an aid to monitor drug use and for research to improve quality medication use. It does not imply drug recommendation or efficacy. It is controlled by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC), and was first published in 1976.
RU-24213
RU-24213, also known as 3-hydroxy-N-propyl-N-(phenylethyl)phenethylamine, is a dopamine receptor agonist of the phenethylamine family related to dopamine. It is a selective dopamine D2-like receptor agonist. Subsequently, however, RU-24213 was found to also act as a potent κ-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist. It led to the development of the diphenylethylamine series of KOR ligands. RU-24213 was first described in the scientific literature in 1978.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Adjacent Waters Boundaries (Northern Ireland) Order 2002
The Adjacent Waters Boundaries (Northern Ireland) Order 2002 (SI 2002/791) is a statutory instrument of the United Kingdom government, defining the boundaries of internal waters, territorial sea, and British Fishing Limits adjacent to Northern Ireland. It was introduced in accordance with the Northern Ireland Act 1998, which established the devolved Northern Ireland Assembly.

Territorial waters
Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones). In a narrower sense, the term is often used as a synonym for the territorial sea.

Vessels have different rights and duties when passing through each area defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), one of the most ratified treaties. States cannot exercise their jurisdiction in waters beyond the exclusive economic zone, which are known as the high seas.
Church of Corinth
The Church of Corinth was an early Christian community founded by Paul the Apostle during an eighteen-month stay in the Roman colony of Corinth c. AD 50. Meeting as a city-wide congregation in multiple households, it drew members from varied social backgrounds.

Paul's correspondence addresses tensions over status and conduct at shared meals, participation in food associated with idols, and the use of charismatic speech, presenting the community as the "body of Christ" gathered for edification. The church’s wider significance is indicated by the late-first-century Roman letter known as 1 Clement, which was sent to Corinth and continued to be read there.

In late antiquity, Corinth became a metropolitan see traditionally linked to Paul, with archaeological and literary evidence marking a shift from domestic gatherings to monumental churches in the civic center. The Church of Corinth is chiefly known through the New Testament's First and Second Epistles to the Corinthians.

First Epistle to the Corinthians
The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Ancient Greek: Α΄ ᾽Επιστολὴ πρὸς Κορινθίους) is one of the Pauline epistles, part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The epistle is attributed to Paul the Apostle and a co-author, Sosthenes, and is addressed to the Christian church in Corinth. Scholars believe that Sosthenes was the amanuensis who wrote down the text of the letter at Paul's direction. It addresses various issues which had arisen in the Christian community at Corinth and is composed in a form of Koine Greek. Despite the name, it is not believed to be the first such letter written to the Corinthian church.
Liz Herbert McAvoy
Elizabeth Herbert McAvoy FLSW FRSA is a Welsh scholar of medieval literature who specialises in medieval women's literature, particularly anchorites. She is Professor Emerita of Medieval Studies at Swansea University.

Learned Society of Wales
The Learned Society of Wales (Welsh: Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru) is a national academy, learned society and charity that exists to "celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect and encourage excellence in all of the scholarly disciplines", and to serve the Welsh nation.

The Learned Society of Wales is Wales's first and only all-embracing national scholarly academy.  A registered charity, it was established and launched on 25 May 2010 at the National Museum of Wales and was granted a Royal Charter in 2015. The society is headquartered in Cardiff.

It is an independent, self-governing, pan-disciplinary, bilingual organisation operating throughout Wales, and is a founding member of the Celtic Academies Alliance.
Future value
Future value is the value of a current sum of money or stream of cash flows at a specified date in the future, given an assumed rate of return or interest rate. It reflects the time value of money, which holds that a sum of money has different value at different points in time because it can earn a return if invested.

In finance and economics, future value is used to express how much a present present amount will grow when it earns simple interest or compound interest, and to compare different investment or borrowing options.

Compound interest
Compound interest is interest accumulated from a principal sum and previously accumulated interest. It is the result of reinvesting or retaining interest that would otherwise be paid out, or of the accumulation of debts from a borrower.

Compound interest is contrasted with simple interest, where previously accumulated interest is not added to the principal amount of the current period. Compounded interest depends on the simple interest rate applied and the frequency at which the interest is compounded.