hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norman Williams (RAAF officer)
Norman Francis Williams, CGM, DFM & Bar (3 November 1914 – 30 June 2007) served as an air gunner in Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) bombers in the Second World War, becoming its most highly decorated non-commissioned officer. A rear gunner in a Halifax bomber, he was credited with shooting down 8 German aircraft and damaging several others, making him the RAAF's only "ace" who was not a fighter pilot.

Conspicuous Gallantry Medal
The Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (CGM) was, until 1993, a military decoration for gallantry in action. Initially, it was awarded to petty officers and seamen of the Royal Navy, including Warrant Officers and other ranks of the Royal Marines. The CGM was also later awarded to personnel of other Commonwealth navies. From 1943, it was also awarded to NCOs of the Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces, for conspicuous gallantry in action against the enemy in the air. The CGM was officially discontinued in 1993.
Black Star (Amaarae album)
Black Star is the third studio album by Ghanaian-American singer Amaarae, released on August 8, 2025, through Golden Child Entertainment and Interscope Records. The album follows her critically acclaimed 2023 record Fountain Baby and takes a more playful approach, drawing inspiration from Ghanaian highlife, baile funk and dance music rooted in Black cultural heritage.

It has received rave reviews upon its release with many critics declaring it one of the best albums of 2025.

Fountain Baby
Fountain Baby is the second studio album by the Ghanaian-American singer Amaarae. It was released on June 9, 2023, via Golden Child Entertainment and Interscope Records. The album, released to widespread critical acclaim, was supported by four singles, "Reckless & Sweet", "Co-Star", "Wasted Eyes", and "Angels in Tibet".

The album went on to earn spots on multiple year-end best-of lists. In 2024, Amaarae expanded the project with Roses Are Red, Tears Are Blue – A Fountain Baby extended play, which was released on June 28, 2024 and introduced seven new tracks. Around the same time, she also featured alongside Jorja Smith on Childish Gambino's single "In the Night".
Earl of Dublin
Earl of Dublin is a title that has been created three times in British and Irish history, for members of the British royal family.

It was created first on 22 October 1766 in the Peerage of Ireland for Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, younger brother of King George III.  This title became extinct in 1790 upon the Duke's dying childless.  It was created again on 24 April 1799, again in the Peerage of Ireland, for Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, fourth son of George III.  This title became extinct upon his death without sons, in 1820.  It was created a third time on 10 September 1849 (or according to some sources, 17 January 1850) in the Peerage of the United Kingdom for Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, eldest son of Queen Victoria.

Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn
Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn (Henry Frederick; 7 November [O.S. 27 October] 1745 – 18 September 1790) was the sixth child and fourth son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, and a younger brother of George III.  His 1771 marriage to a commoner against the King's wishes prompted the Royal Marriages Act 1772.
International Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was a department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that oversaw the Party's relationships with foreign Communist Parties as well as with international communist front organizations.

Departments of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Departments of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were all specialised in their own field, for example, the International Department handled Soviet relations with non-ruling communist parties.
Djoué-Léfini Department
Djoué-Léfini is a department of the Republic of the Congo. It was created on 8 October 2024 from the northern part of Pool Department. Its capital is Odziba. It is named after the Djoué and Lefini rivers.

Pool Department
Pool (Kongo: Mpumbu, Nsundi, Mbula Ntangu) is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the southeastern part of the country. It borders the departments of Bouenza, Lékoumou, and Plateaux. Internationally, it borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It also surrounds the commune district of the national capital, Brazzaville.

The regional capital is Kinkala. Principal towns include Boko, Kindamba and Mindouli. In the early 2000s, the Pool region was the home of a low-level insurgency led by Pasteur Ntumi. The inhabitants of this department are the Kongo, the Téké and the Native population (Pygmies).

The region is named after the Pool Malebo (formerly Stanley Pool), a particularly wide stretch of the Congo River.
Lorch am Rhein
Lorch am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˌlɔʁç ʔam ˈʁaɪn]) is a small town in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany. It belongs to the Rhine Gorge World Heritage Site.

Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis
Rheingau-Taunus is a Kreis (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany. Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis is part of the Darmstadt region; its main administrative seat is Bad Schwalbach. Outposted sections of the local administration are located in Idstein and Rüdesheim am Rhein.

Neighbouring districts are the Hessian districts of Limburg-Weilburg, Hochtaunuskreis, Main-Taunus-Kreis, district-free Wiesbaden and Mainz-Bingen and Rhein-Lahn which are located in Rhineland-Palatinate.
David Dlali
David Mtheteleli Dali (23 January 1960 – 10 June 2012) was a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 2001 to 2009. A former Umkhonto we Sizwe operative, he subsequently served as a special adviser to Lulu Xingwana, the Minister of Women, Children and People with Disabilities, from 2009 until June 2012, when he was shot dead on his farm in the Eastern Cape.

Lulama Xingwana
Lulama "Lulu" Marytheresa Xingwana (born 23 September 1955) is a South African politician who served as Minister for Women, Children and People with Disabilities from November 2010 to May 2014. Previously she held the position of Deputy Minister of Minerals and Energy from 2004 to 2006, was Minister of Agriculture and Land Affairs from 2006 to 2009, succeeding Thoko Didiza, and was Minister of Arts and Culture, 2009–2010.
Christoph Heusgen
Christoph Heusgen (born 17 March 1955) is a German diplomat who has served as chairman of the Munich Security Conference from 2022 to 2025, 
 to be succeeded by Jens Stoltenberg.

Heusgen served as German Ambassador to the United Nations in New York from 2017 to 2021. He was Under-Secretary for Foreign and Security Policy in the German Chancellery from 2005 to 2017, and described as Angela Merkel's most influential foreign policy and security adviser. During  Germany's tenure as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, Heusgen served as President of the Council in April 2019 and assumed the presidency again in July 2020, with his term ending in December 2020.

Permanent Representative of Germany to the United Nations
The role of the ambassador and permanent representative of Germany to the United Nations is as the leader of the German delegation to the United Nations in New York City and as head of the Permanent Mission of the Federal Republic of Germany to the UN. The position has the rank and status of an ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary and is also the representative of Germany in the United Nations Security Council.

The permanent representative, currently Antje Leendertse, is charged with representing Germany, both through its non-permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council and also during plenary meetings of the General Assembly, except in the rare situation in which a more senior officer (such as the minister for foreign affairs or the president) is present.
Keshava
Keshava (Sanskrit: केशव, lit. 'one who has beautiful long hair or the slayer of Keshi', IAST: Keśava) is an epithet of Vishnu in Hindu tradition. The name appears as the 23rd and 648th names in the Vishnu Sahasranama of the Mahabharata. Keshava is also venerated by those persons wanting to avert bad luck or ill-omens. His consort is Kirti (Lakshmi).

Keshava is an iconographical form of Vishnu.

Vishnu Sahasranama
The Vishnu Sahasranama (Sanskrit: विष्णुसहस्रनाम, romanized: viṣṇusahasranāma) is a Sanskrit hymn containing a list of the 1,000 names of Vishnu, one of the main deities in Hinduism and the Supreme God in Vaishnavism. It is one of the most sacred and popular stotras in Hinduism. The most popular version of the Vishnu Sahasranama is featured in the Anushasana Parva of the epic Mahabharata. Other versions exist in the Padma Purana, the Skanda Purana, and the Garuda Purana. There is also a Sikh version of the Vishnu Sahasranama found in the work Sundar Gutka.
Chromatic button accordion
A chromatic button accordion is a type of button accordion where the melody-side keyboard consists of rows of buttons arranged chromatically.  The bass-side keyboard is usually the Stradella system or one of the various free-bass systems.  Included among chromatic button accordions are the Russian bayan and Schrammel accordion. There can be 3 to 5 rows of vertical treble buttons.  In a 5 row chromatic, two additional rows repeat the first 2 rows to facilitate options in fingering.

Comparing the layout to the piano accordion, the advantages of a chromatic button accordion are the greater range and better fingering options. However, some fingering positions require twisting of the wrist and the aspect of alternative fingering patterns may stunt one in sessions of difficult sight reading.

Throughout the former Yugoslavia a 6-row chromatic button layout is used based on the B system. It is referred to as dugmetara.

Schrammel accordion
A Schrammel accordion (German: Schrammelharmonika) is an accordion with a melody (right hand) keyboard in the chromatic B-Griff system and a twelve-button diatonic bass keyboard.  It is named for a traditional combination of two violins, accordion or clarinet, and contraguitar known as a Schrammelquartet – a group that played Schrammelmusik in the Vienna chamber music tradition.

In most cases, the instrument has two or three sets of reeds tuned in unison configuration. Its sound is quite different from modern chromatic button accordions, because it is much smaller and lighter. The handmade reeds used may also contribute to its sound.
C-flat major
C-flat major is a major scale based on C♭, consisting of the pitches C♭, D♭, E♭, F♭, G♭, A♭, and B♭. Its key signature has seven flats.   Its relative minor is A-flat minor (or enharmonically G-sharp minor). Its parallel minor, C-flat minor, is usually replaced by B minor, since C-flat minor's three double-flats make it impractical to use. The direct enharmonic equivalent of C-flat major is B major, a key signature with five sharps.

The C-flat major scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C-flat harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

C-flat major is the only major or minor key, other than theoretical keys, which has "flat" or "sharp" in its name, but whose tonic note is the enharmonic equivalent of a natural note, B (a white key on a keyboard instrument).

Major scale
A major scale is a sequence of musical notes containing a major triad on the tonic.

Most commonly, the term "major scale" refers to the natural major scale (or Ionian mode), which is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music. It is one of the diatonic scales. Like many musical scales, it is made up of seven notes: the eighth duplicates the first at double its frequency so that it is called a higher octave of the same note (from Latin "octavus", the eighth). The notes C–D–E–F–G–A–B form a prototypical major scale.

Some lesser-used scales are also sometimes called major scales, such as the harmonic major scale, the melodic major scale, and the Lydian and Mixolydian diatonic modes.
Dalfopristin
Dalfopristin is a semi-synthetic streptogramin antibiotic analogue of ostreogyrcin A (virginiamycin M, pristinamycin IIA, streptogramin A).  The combination quinupristin/dalfopristin (marketed under the trade name Synercid) was brought to the market by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals in 1999. Synercid (weight-to-weight ratio of 30% quinupristin to 70% dalfopristin) is used to treat infections by staphylococci and by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.

Streptogramin
Streptogramins are a class of antibiotics. They work as protein synthesis inhibitors.

Streptogramins are effective in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), two of the most rapidly growing strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria. They fall into two groups: streptogramin A (23-membered macrolide) and streptogramin B (depsipeptide). The two groups act synergistically. They are naturally produced in a 3:7 ratio; most formulations keep this ratio.

Members include:

Quinupristin/dalfopristin, made by chemically modifying pristinamycin (semisynthesis)

Pristinamycin, made by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis

Virginiamycin, made by Streptomyces virginiae and others

Linopristin/flopristin, made by semisynthesis. experimental streptogramin in clinical trials for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.

Etamycin, a streptogramin B.
1990 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1990 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Poznań, Poland, on Lake Malta.

The men's competition consisted of eight Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Five events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the 23rd championships in the canoe sprint.

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Leonard Fryer (designer)
Leonard Douglas Fryer (1891 – 16 November 1965) was a British artist and designer. The son of a steel engraver, he worked for the printers Waterlow and Sons, preparing proposed designs for material to be produced by the firm such as stamps and banknotes. In 2019, a collection of his watercolour paintings for stamp and banknote designs was sold at auction after being found in a wardrobe 40 years after his death.

Waterlow and Sons
Waterlow and Sons Limited was a major worldwide engraver of currency, postage stamps, shares and bond certificates based in London, Watford and Dunstable in England. The company was founded as a family business in 1810. It was acquired in 1961 by De La Rue.
T. D. Brodie-Mends
Theophilus Dougan Brodie-Mends (26 November 1929 – 19 January 2013) was a Ghanaian journalist, lawyer and politician. He was a member of the first Parliament of the second Republic. He also served as Minister of Information and Minister of Lands and Mineral Resources and also Minister of State during the Busia government.

Minister for Information (Ghana)
The Minister for Information in Ghana usually heads the Ministry of Information. This position has existed in various configurations until the cabinet reshuffle of 16 July 2014 when President Mahama merged the functions of this ministry into that of the Ministry of Communications with the Minister of Communications having oversight for both Information as well as Communications. On 16 July 2014, Mahama had another cabinet reshuffle involving a lot of ministries.
Doomsday device (wrestling)
Doomsday device is a term used in professional wrestling to reference a tandem move in which one wrestler hoists the opponent on their shoulders so that they are facing in the same direction in what is known as the electric chair position, while another wrestler climbs the ring post to the top turnbuckle and delivers a flying attack on the opponent.

The move was introduced by the tag team The Road Warriors, who were sometimes also known as the Legion of Doom throughout their careers.

Professional wrestling aerial techniques
Aerial techniques, also known as "high-flying moves" are performance techniques used in professional wrestling for simulated assault on opponents. The techniques involve jumping from the ring's posts and ropes, demonstrating the speed and agility of smaller, nimble and acrobatically inclined wrestlers, with many preferring this style instead of throwing or locking the opponent.

Aerial techniques can be challenging for wrestlers to learn since they learn to trust the other performer, the nominal opponent, to either target the jump correctly or to safely catch their fall. Due to the risk of injury caused by these high-risk moves, some promotions have banned the use of some of them.

The next list of maneuvers was made under general categories whenever possible.
Familiarity heuristic
In psychology, a heuristic is an easy-to-compute procedure or rule of thumb that people use when forming beliefs, judgments or decisions. The familiarity heuristic was developed based on the discovery of the availability heuristic by psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman; it happens when the familiar is favored over novel places, people, or things. The familiarity heuristic can be applied to various situations that individuals experience in day-to-day life. When these situations appear similar to previous situations, especially if the individuals are experiencing a high cognitive load, they may regress to the state of mind in which they have felt or behaved before. This heuristic is useful in most situations and can be applied to many fields of knowledge; however, there are both positives and negatives to this heuristic as well.

Availability heuristic
The availability heuristic, also known as availability bias, is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. This heuristic, operating on the notion that, if something can be quickly recalled, it must be important, or at least more important than alternative solutions not as readily recalled, is inherently biased toward recently acquired information.

The mental availability of an action's consequences is positively related to those consequences' perceived magnitude. In other words, the easier it is to recall the consequences of something, the greater those consequences are often perceived to be. Most notably, people often rely on the content of their recall if its implications are not called into question by the difficulty they have in recalling it.
GWR 378 Class
The GWR 378 Class (also known as the Sir Daniel Class) was a class of 30 standard-gauge 2-2-2 steam locomotives on the Great Western Railway in Britain. They were introduced in 1866, and the class remained intact until 1898. Several were altered to the 0-6-0 wheel arrangement, and the last was withdrawn from service in 1920.

0-6-0
0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels. Under the UIC classification, popular in Europe, this wheel arrangement is written as C if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears, or Co if they are independently driven, the latter usually being electric and diesel-electric locomotives.
Lake Waikaremoana Great Walk
The Lake Waikaremoana Great Walk is a 44-kilometre (27 mi) tramping track which follows the southern and western coast of Lake Waikaremoana in the North Island of New Zealand. Passing through several types of forest, and grassland, the track often provides views over the lake. It is classified as one of New Zealand's Great Walks, and is located in the former Te Urewera National Park.

Te Urewera National Park
Te Urewera National Park was a  national park near the east coast of New Zealand's North Island, established as such in 1954 and disestablished in 2014, when it was replaced by a new legal entity and protected area named Te Urewera. The park covered an area of approximately 2,127 km2 and was located in the north of the Hawke's Bay region of the North Island. It was the largest of four national parks in the North Island and the most isolated rainforest in the region.
The Student Teachers
The Student Teachers is a 1973 American exploitation film directed by Jonathan Kaplan and produced by Julie Corman. Part of the "nurse" cycle of films that began with The Student Nurses (1970), it was made by the same team behind Night Call Nurses. The film was shot in 15 days for under $100,000 and became one of the most successful entries in the series.

Night Call Nurses
Night Call Nurses is a 1972 American sex comedy film directed by Jonathan Kaplan. It is the third in Roger Corman's "nurses" cycle of films, starting with The Student Nurses (1970).

Quentin Tarantino called it "a sexy version of Three Coins in the Fountain."
Aerdt
Aerdt is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is in the municipality of Zevenaar, about 20 km northeast of the city of Nijmegen, close to the German border.

Until it became part of Rijnwaarden in 1985, Aerdt and neighbouring village Herwen constituted a separate municipality Herwen en Aerdt. In 2018 Aerdt became part of the municipality of Zevenaar.

Zevenaar
Zevenaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzeːvənaːr] ⓘ) is a municipality and a city in the Gelderland province, in the eastern Netherlands near the border with Germany.

In January 2018 the neighbouring municipality of Rijnwaarden was merged with Zevenaar.
Regnal year
A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin regnum meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of rule, a third year of rule, and so on, but not a zeroth year of rule.

Applying this ancient epoch system to modern calculations of time, which include zero, is what led to the debate over when the third millennium began. Regnal years are "finite era names", contrary to "infinite era names" such as Christian era, Jimmu era, Juche era, and so on.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.