hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Juliane of Nassau-Siegen (1587–1643)
Countess Juliane of Nassau-Siegen (3 September 1587 – 15 February 1643), German: Juliana Gräfin von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: Gräfin zu Nassau, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, Frau zu Beilstein, was a countess from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau, and through marriage a landgravine of Hesse-Kassel.

Nassau-Siegen
Nassau-Siegen was a principality within the Holy Roman Empire that existed between 1303 and 1328, and again from 1606 to 1743.  From 1626 to 1734, it was subdivided into  Catholic and  Protestant parts.   Its capital was the city of Siegen, founded in 1224 and initially a condominium jointly owned by the archbishopric of Cologne and Nassau. It was located some 50 km east of Cologne, and it contained the modern localities of Freudenberg, Hilchenbach, Kreuztal, Siegen, and Wilnsdorf.
Lebedus
Lebedus or Lebedos (Ancient Greek: Λέβεδος) was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League, located south of Smyrna, Klazomenai and neighboring Teos and before Ephesus, which is further south. It was on the coast, ninety stadia (16.65 km) to the east of Cape Myonnesus, and 120 (22.2 km) west of Colophon.

The city was built on and around a very small peninsula (175 m long, reaching a height of 61 m and with an isthmus 201 m wide), which is called the Kısık Peninsula today and depends on the coastal township of Ürkmez, part of Seferihisar locality, a district center depending on the province seat of İzmir.

Teos
Teos (Ancient Greek: Τέως) or Teo was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, on a peninsula between Chytrium and Myonnesus. It was founded by Minyans from Orchomenus, Ionians and Boeotians, but the date of its foundation is unknown. Teos was one of the twelve cities which formed the Ionian League. The city was situated on a low hilly isthmus. Its ruins are located to the south of the modern town of Sığacık in the Seferihisar district of İzmir Province, Turkey.
Davy DMX
David Franklin Reeves Jr. (known professionally as Davy DMX, Davy D, or Davy Dee) is an American musician, DJ, and producer best known for his work in cooperation with Run-DMC, Kurtis Blow, the Fat Boys, and Jam Master Jay. An early associate of Russell Simmons and Larry Smith, Dave first made his name in the 1980s.

He also toured with Public Enemy as a bassist.

Jam Master Jay
Jason William Mizell (January 21, 1965 – October 30, 2002), better known by his stage name Jam Master Jay, was an American musician, record producer and DJ. He was the DJ of the influential hip hop group Run-DMC. During the 1980s, Run-DMC became one of the biggest hip hop groups, credited with breaking hip hop into mainstream music.  Mizell was murdered in his Queens recording studio in 2002 and his case was left unsolved until February 2024, when two men named Ronald Washington and his godson Karl Jordan Jr., were convicted for the 2002 drug-related murder, with a third man, Jay Bryant, facing a separate trial in 2026.
Synthetic division
In algebra, synthetic division is a method for manually performing Euclidean division of polynomials, with less writing and fewer calculations than long division.

It is mostly taught for division by linear monic polynomials (known as Ruffini's rule), but the method can be generalized to division by any polynomial.

The advantages of synthetic division are that it allows one to calculate without writing variables, it uses few calculations, and it takes significantly less space on paper than long division. Also, the subtractions in long division are converted to additions by switching the signs at the very beginning, helping to prevent sign errors.

Monic polynomial
In algebra, a monic polynomial is a non-zero univariate polynomial (that is, a polynomial in a single variable) in which the leading coefficient (the coefficient of the nonzero term of highest degree) is equal to 1. That is to say, a monic polynomial is one that can be written as

with
Diffractive beam splitter
The diffractive beam splitter (also known as multispot beam generator or array beam generator) is a single optical element that divides an input beam into multiple output beams. Each output beam retains the same optical characteristics as the input beam, such as size, polarization and phase. A diffractive beam splitter can generate either a 1-dimensional beam array (1xN) or a 2-dimensional beam matrix (MxN), depending on the diffractive pattern on the element. The diffractive beam splitter is used with monochromatic light such as a laser beam, and is designed for a specific wavelength and angle of separation between output beams.

Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras. They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia.
1946 Albany Club Professional Snooker Tournament
The 1946 Albany Club Professional Snooker Tournament was an invitational snooker tournament held at the Albany Club in London between 8 July 1946 and 20 September 1946, featuring the eleven players that had been eliminated before the final in the 1946 World Snooker Championship. Walter Donaldson won the title, defeating Alec Brown 20–11 in the final.

1946 World Snooker Championship
The 1946 World Snooker Championship was a professional snooker tournament held from 4 February to 18 May 1946. Joe Davis won the title by defeating Horace Lindrum by 78 frames to 67 in the final, although the winning margin was reached at 73–62. It was Davis's fifteenth championship win, maintaining his unbeaten record in the tournament since its first edition in 1927. The highest break of the event was 136, a new championship record, compiled by Davis in the final.

The competition was organised by the Billiards Association and Control Council. The final was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall in London, England, from 6 to 18 May. Other matches took place at various venues in the UK. The qualifying competition (known as the "B Section") took place from 7 January to 16 February, and the quarter-finals and semi-finals were staged from 4 February to 9 March. Davis retired from the competition following his victory.
Kjetil Bjerkestrand
Kjetil Bjerkestrand (born 18 May 1955) is a Norwegian keyboardist, composer, arranger and record producer known as music arranger for artists like Ray Charles, Dee Dee Bridgewater, Keith Emerson, Ian Hunter, Jon Lord, Ute Lemper and a-ha. As a musician, he has participated in recordings with a-ha, Ray Charles, Ute Lemper, Ian Hunter, Dance with a Stranger, DumDum Boys, Jonas Fjeld Band, Marius Müller, TNT, Arve Tellefsen, Bobbysocks, Bjørn Eidsvåg, Carola Häggkvist and Dee Dee Bridgewater.

Marius Müller (musician)
Marius Müller (29 June 1958 – 14 March 1999) was a Norwegian guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, radio host, television host and record producer. He was raised in Manglerud, Oslo and began his career as a professional musician at sixteen. He first became famous in 1981 with the song "Den du veit" and released a total of six solo albums and five albums within the band Funhouse where he was the front man. Müller died 14 March 1999 in a car accident in Groruddalen, Oslo. He was considered one of the foremost guitarists in Norway.
Palace of the Patriarchate, Sremski Karlovci
The Palace of the Patriarchate (Serbian: Патријаршијски двор, Patrijaršijski dvor) is a listed historical building which was the seat of the Patriarchate of Karlovci between 1848 and 1920, in Sremski Karlovci, Serbia. The building remained as the unofficial seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church after the unification of 1920 until 1930 when the Serbian Patriarch moved his episcopal seat to Belgrade. Today, it is the seat of the Eparchy of Srem. The building is protected and listed as an Immovable Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance.

Patriarchate of Karlovci
The Patriarchate of Karlovci (Serbian: Карловачка патријаршија, romanized: Karlovačka patrijaršija) or Serbian Patriarchate of Sremski Karlovci (Serbian: Српска патријаршија у Сремским Карловцима, romanized: Srpska patrijaršija u Sremskim Karlovcima), was a patriarchate of the Eastern Orthodox Church that existed between 1848 and 1920. It was formed when the Metropolitanate of Karlovci was elevated to the rank of patriarchate. The Patriarchate of Karlovci nominally existed until 1920, when along with several other Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in the defunct Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as the Metropolitanate of Cetinje, it was merged with the Metropolitanate of Belgrade to form the united Serbian Orthodox Church. The seat of the Patriarchate was in Karlovci (today Sremski Karlovci, Serbia).
A.F.C. Aldermaston
A.F.C. Aldermaston is a football club based in Aldermaston, Berkshire, England. Affiliated to the Berks & Bucks Football Association, the club are currently members of the Wessex League Division One and play at Waterside Park in Thatcham.

The club motto, Facta Non Verba, comes from a Latin phrase meaning "deeds, not words".

Wessex Football League
The Wessex Football League, known as the Velocity Wessex Football League for sponsorship reasons, is an English regional men's football league in southern England. Its members are primarily from Hampshire and Dorset, but clubs from adjoining counties such as Wiltshire, Berkshire, Surrey, and the Isle of Wight are also eligible. The Premier Division is one of the sixteen recognised leagues to form the ninth level of the English football league system (known as Step 5 of the National League System), and Division One is one of seventeen recognised leagues at level 10 (Step 6).

Champions of the Wessex League who meet the relevant ground and financial requirements are eligible for promotion to the Southern League Division One South or Isthmian League Division One South Central.
China Merchants Energy Shipping
China Merchants Energy Shipping Company Limited (SSE: 601872), parented by China Merchants Group, is engaged in shipping industry, including tanker transportation, bulk cargo vessel transportation. Other businesses include training for sailors and sales of electronic ship machinery. It is headquartered in Shanghai, China. They are the parent company for China VLOC Company Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary that manages four VLOCs they had previously acquired from Vale.

Its A shares were listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2006.

In September 2010, China Merchants announced that it planned to double the capacity of its dry bulk fleet by early 2012.

Shanghai Stock Exchange
The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) is a stock exchange based in the city of Shanghai, China. It is one of the three stock exchanges operating independently in mainland China, the others being the Beijing Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the world's third-largest stock market by market capitalization, exceeding $6 trillion in July 2024. It is also Asia's biggest stock exchange. Unlike the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Shanghai Stock Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors and is often affected by the decisions of the central government due to capital account controls exercised by the Chinese authorities.

In 1891, Shanghai founded China's first exchange system. The current stock exchange was re-established on November 26, 1990, and was in operation on December 19 of the same year. It is a non-profit organization directly administered by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC).
Jack Davis (Canadian politician)
John Davis, PC (July 31, 1916 – March 27, 1991) was a Canadian engineer, economist and politician from British Columbia. He served as member of Parliament as part of the Liberal Party of Canada, representing Coast—Capilano from 1962 to 1968, and Capilano from 1968 to 1974. He subsequently represented North Vancouver-Seymour in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1975 to 1991 as a member of the Social Credit Party. He was a federal and provincial cabinet minister under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, and premiers Bill Bennett and Bill Vander Zalm.

Bill Vander Zalm
William Nicholas Vander Zalm (born Wilhelmus Nicholaas Theodore Marie van der Zalm; May 29, 1934) is a Dutch-born Canadian businessman and politician who served as the 28th premier of British Columbia and leader of the British Columbia Social Credit Party from 1986 to 1991. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of British Columbia, representing the riding of Surrey from 1975 to 1983, and the riding of Richmond from 1986 to 1991.
Corby Glen
Corby Glen, formerly just Corby, is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is approximately 9 miles (14 km) south-east of Grantham and 8 miles (13 km) north west of Bourne. In 2011 it had a population of 1,017.

Grantham
Grantham (/ˈɡrænθəm/) is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road; it lies 23 miles (37 km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35 km) east of Nottingham. The population in 2016 was 44,580. The town is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of the South Kesteven District.

Grantham was the birthplace of the UK's former prime minister Margaret Thatcher. The mathematician and scientist Isaac Newton was educated at the King's School. The town was the workplace of the UK's first warranted female police officer, Edith Smith, in 1914. The UK's first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896. Thomas Paine worked there as an excise officer in the 1760s. The villages of Manthorpe, Great Gonerby, Barrowby, Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town.
Amr Mostafa
Amr Mostafa Mohamed Alsayed Abulmagd (Arabic: عمرو مصطفى محمد السيد أبو المجد; born 31 December 1979), better known as Amr Mostafa (عمرو مصطفى), is an Egyptian singer and composer. He has composed several hit songs for artists like Amr Diab, Mohamed Hamaki, etc. He worked with western arrangers in one of his album and is known for introducing new type of music in Egypt.

Amr Diab
Amr Abdel Basset Abdel Azeez Diab (Arabic: عمرو عبد الباسط عبد العزيز دياب, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈʕɑmɾe ʕæbdelˈbɑːsetˤ ʕæbdelʕæˈziːz deˈjæːb], born 11 October 1961) is an Egyptian singer, composer and actor. He has established himself as a globally acclaimed recording artist and author.

He is a Guinness World Record holder, the best selling Middle Eastern artist, a seven-times winner of World Music Awards and five-times winner of Platinum Records. Named the "King of Arabic Pop", Rolling Stone ranked his song ‘Tamally Maak’ first on their list of "50 Best Arabic Pop Songs of the 21st Century".
Daruvu
Daruvu: Sound Of Mass is a 2012 Indian Telugu-language fantasy action comedy film written and directed and co-written by Siva, produced by Burugupalli Siva Rama Krishna under Sri Venkateswara Entertainments banner and starring Ravi Teja in dual roles and Taapsee in lead roles. The soundtrack of the film is composed by Vijay Antony, while the cinematography is handled by Vetri. Anil Ravipudi penned the dialogues and Gautham Raju handled the editing department. The film is inspired from Yamudiki Mogudu. The movie was a semihit at box office.

Yamudiki Mogudu (1988 film)
Yamudiki Mogudu (transl. Overlord to Yama) is a 1988 Indian Telugu-language fantasy film directed by Ravi Raja Pinisetty. The film stars Chiranjeevi in a dual role, alongside Vijayashanti and Radha. The supporting cast includes Kaikala Satyanarayana, Allu Ramalingaiah, Rao Gopal Rao, and Kota Srinivasa Rao. The music was composed by Raj–Koti.

Yamudiki Mogudu was produced by Chiranjeevi's friends from his film institute days—Sudhakar, Hariprasad, and G. V. Narayana Rao on Dynamic Movie Makers banner. Released on 29 April 1988, Yamudiki Mogudu was a major success, becoming the highest-grossing Telugu film at the time of its release. The film was remade in Tamil as Athisaya Piravi (1990).
Ben's Chili Bowl
Ben's Chili Bowl is a restaurant in Washington, D.C., United States, located at 1213 U Street, next to Lincoln Theatre, in the U Street Corridor, also known as the Cardozo/Shaw neighborhood in Northwest D.C. It is known locally for its chili dogs, half-smokes, and milkshakes, and has been part of the U Street neighborhood since its founding in 1958. It was frequented by both police and protesters during the 1968 Washington, D.C., riots, and has been visited by celebrities, such as Anthony Bourdain, Chris Tucker, and President-elect Barack Obama in January 2009.

1968 Washington, D.C., riots
Following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., a leading African-American civil rights activist, on April 4, 1968, Washington, D.C., experienced a four-day period of violent civil unrest and rioting. Part of the broader riots that affected at least 110 U.S. cities, those in Washington, D.C.—along with those in Chicago and in Baltimore—were among those with the greatest numbers of participants. President Lyndon B. Johnson called in the National Guard to the city on April 5, 1968, to assist the police department in quelling the unrest. Ultimately, 13 people were killed, with approximately 1,000 people injured and over 6,100 arrested.
Frederick Evans (Royal Navy officer)
Sir Frederick John Owen Evans KCB FRS FRAS FRGS (9 March 1815 – 20 December 1885) was an officer of the Royal Navy. He became a distinguished hydrographer during his career and served as Hydrographer of the Navy.

Hydrographer of the Navy
The Hydrographer of the Navy is the principal hydrographical Royal Naval appointment. From 1795 until 2001, the post was responsible for the production of charts for the Royal Navy, and around this post grew the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO).

In 2001, the post was disassociated from UKHO, and the Hydrographer of the Navy is now a title bestowed upon the current captain—hydrography and meteorology—on the staff of the Devonport Flotilla at HMNB Devonport.
Gable Lake
Gable Lake is a small lake located in Navarre, Florida. The lake is primarily fed by a number of small unnamed creeks on the south shore. Subsequently, the lake outflows into the East Bay River and the East Bay via a small unnamed stream. Due to the former lack of a GNIS entry on the body of water, the name of the lake was not official until a recent ruling by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

Gable Lake is presumed to be named after John Everett Gabel and Katherine Gabel, who lived in the area during the 1980s and 90s.

East Bay (Santa Rosa County, Florida)
East Bay is a bay located in the far western Florida Panhandle. Unusually, East Bay is connected to open waters via Pensacola Bay to its southwest.  The bay is fed primarily by the Blackwater River and the East Bay River.
Lokesh Dixit
Lokesh Dixit (Hindi: लोकेश दीक्षित) is an Indian politician and a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the Baraut constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party political party.

16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a. Sixteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 15 March 2012 as a result of 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 8 Feb to 3 March 2012. The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly has total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member) against a total strength of 404 members.
Frank Solich
Frank Thomas Solich (born September 8, 1944) is an American former college football coach and former player. He was the head coach at Ohio University, a position he held from 2005 until 2021. From 1998 to 2003, Solich served as the head coach at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, where he also played fullback under Bob Devaney in the mid-1960s.

Bob Devaney
Robert Simon Devaney (April 13, 1915 – May 9, 1997) was a college football coach.  He served as the head coach at the University of Wyoming from 1957 to 1961 and at the University of Nebraska from 1962 to 1972, compiling a career record of 136–30–7 (.806).  Devaney's Nebraska Cornhuskers won consecutive national championships in 1970 and 1971 and three consecutive Orange Bowls.

Devaney also served as the athletic director at Nebraska from 1967 to 1993, and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1981.
Argula von Grumbach
Argula von Grumbach (née von Stauff; 1492 – c. 1554) was a Bavarian writer and noblewoman who, starting in the early 1520s, became involved in the Protestant Reformation debates going on in Germany. She became the first Protestant woman writer, publishing letters and poems promoting and defending Martin Luther as well as his co-worker Philip Melanchthon and other Protestant groups. She is most known for directly challenging the University of Ingolstadt's faculty when she wrote a letter to them speaking out against the arrest of a Lutheran student. As one of the few women at the time openly speaking out her views, her writings sparked controversy and often became bestsellers, with tens of thousands of copies of her letters and poems circulating within a few years of their publication.

Philip Melanchthon
Philip Melanchthon (born Philipp Schwartzerdt; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560) was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, an intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and influential designer of educational systems.

He stands next to Luther and John Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and shaper of Protestantism.
Q-Vandermonde identity
In mathematics, in the field of combinatorics, the q-Vandermonde identity is a q-analogue of the Chu–Vandermonde identity.  Using standard notation for q-binomial coefficients, the identity states that

The nonzero contributions to this sum come from values of j such that the q-binomial coefficients on the right side are nonzero, that is, max(0, k − m) ≤ j ≤ min(n, k).

Gaussian binomial coefficient
In mathematics, the Gaussian binomial coefficients (also called Gaussian coefficients, Gaussian polynomials, or q-binomial coefficients) are q-analogs of the binomial coefficients. The Gaussian binomial coefficient, written as  or , is a polynomial in q with integer coefficients, whose value when q is set to a prime power counts the number of subspaces of dimension k in a vector space of dimension n over , a finite field with q elements; i.e. it is the number of points in the finite Grassmannian .
Cenemus
Cenemus is a genus of Seychelloise cellar spiders that was first described by Michael I. Saaristo in 2001. As of June 2019 it contains only three species, found only on the Seychelles: C. culiculus, C. mikehilli, and C. silhouette.

Pholcidae
The Pholcidae are a family of araneomorph spiders. The family contains more than 2,000 individual species of pholcids, including those commonly known as cellar spider, daddy long-legs spider, carpenter spider, daddy long-legger, vibrating spider, gyrating spider, long daddy, and angel spider. The family, first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1850, is divided into 94 genera.

The common name "daddy long-legs" is used for several species, especially Pholcus phalangioides, but is also the common name for several other arthropod groups, including harvestmen and crane flies.