hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ermanaric
Ermanaric (died 376) was a Greuthungian king who before the Hunnic invasion evidently ruled a sizable portion of Oium, the part of Scythia inhabited by the Goths at the time. He is mentioned in two Roman sources: the contemporary writings of Ammianus Marcellinus, and in Getica by the sixth-century historian Jordanes. He also appears in a fictionalized form in later Germanic heroic legends.

Modern historians disagree on the size of Ermanaric's realm. Herwig Wolfram postulates that he at one point ruled a realm stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea as far eastwards as the Ural Mountains. Peter Heather is skeptical of the claim that Ermanaric ruled all Goths except the Tervingi, and furthermore points to the fact that such an enormous empire would have been larger than any known Gothic political unit, that it would have left bigger traces in the sources and that the sources on which the claim is based are not nearly reliable enough to be taken at face value.

Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus, occasionally anglicized as Ammian (Greek: Αμμιανός Μαρκελλίνος; born c. 330, died c. 391 – 400), was a Greek and Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius). Written in Latin and known as the Res gestae, his work chronicled the history of Rome from the accession of Emperor Nerva in 96 to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Only the sections covering the period 353 to 378 survive.
Liberia men's national basketball team
The Liberia national basketball team is the national basketball team representing Liberia. It is administered by the Liberia Basketball Federation. Its last qualification to the FIBA Africa Championship dates back to 2007. Its most noteworthy international performance was in 1983 when Liberia finished among Africa's 10 elite basketball teams. According to the website, Afrobasket.com, the Liberia National Basketball team has not been in existence since 2013.

AfroBasket 2007
AfroBasket 2007 was the 24th FIBA Africa Championship, played under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Basketball, the basketball sport governing body of the African zone. The tournament was hosted by Angola, in the cities of Benguela, Cabinda, Huambo and Lubango.

Angola won its fifth consecutive African championship and ninth overall by beating Cameroon 86-72 in the championship game. Cape Verde won the bronze medal game over Egypt. Angola qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, whereas Cameroon and Cape Verde qualified for the 2008 Olympic qualifying tournament. Angola's Joaquim Gomes was awarded as the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
Henri Fehr
Henri Fehr (Zurich, 2 February 1870 – Geneva, 2 November 1954) was a Swiss mathematician who was key to the foundation and organisation of national and international mathematical societies and journals. He studied mathematics in Switzerland and France, earning his doctorate at the University of Geneva in 1899 with a thesis on the application of Grassmann's vector methods to differential geometry. In 1910 he co-founded the Swiss Mathematical Society and established its flagship journals, Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici and, with Charles-Ange Laisant, L'Enseignement mathématique, sitting on their editorial and financial committees. Fehr spent his career at the University of Geneva—rising to dean and rector—and from the foundation of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction in 1908 until his death in 1954 he served as its general secretary; he also held the vice-presidency of the International Mathematical Union from 1924 to 1932.

Grassmannian
In mathematics, a Grassmannian , also known as a Grassmann manifold is a differentiable manifold that parameterizes the set of all -dimensional linear subspaces of an -dimensional vector space  over a field  that has a differentiable structure. For example, the Grassmannian  is the space of lines through the origin in , so it is the same as the projective space  of one dimension lower than .
When  is a real or complex vector space, Grassmannians are compact smooth manifolds, of dimension . In general they have the structure of a nonsingular projective algebraic variety. The Grassmannian is named for the German polymath, linguist and mathematician Hermann Grassmann, who introduced the concept to mathematics.
Aldersbrook
Aldersbrook (also known as Aldersbrook Estate), is an Edwardian housing estate in Wanstead, East London. It is named after the medieval Manor of Aldersbrook the manor itself was named after the Alders Brook, a minor river which marks part of the boundary between the London Boroughs of Newham and Redbridge.

The area and the estate now wholly fall within the London Borough of Redbridge, though historically Aldersbrook Manor has always fallen inside the parish of Little Ilford, which is in turn part of what is now the London Borough of Newham.

The 2010 Mike Leigh film Another Year used the area for locations.

London Borough of Redbridge
The London Borough of Redbridge is a London borough established in 1965.

The borough shares boundaries with the Epping Forest District in the county of Essex to the north, the London Borough of Waltham Forest to the west, the London Borough of Havering to the east, the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham in the south east, and the London Borough of Newham to the south west.

The principal settlements in the borough are Ilford, Wanstead and Woodford.
2006 California elections
Elections were held in California on November 7, 2006. Primary elections were held on June 6. Among the elections that took place were all the seats of the California's State Assembly, 20 seats of the State Senate, seven constitutional officers, and all the seats of the Board of Equalization. Votes on retention of two Supreme Court justices and various Courts of Appeal judges were also held. Five propositions were also up for approval.

California Courts of Appeal
The California Courts of Appeal are the state intermediate appellate court system of the U.S. state of California. The state is geographically divided along county lines into six appellate districts. The California Courts of Appeal review appeals from the Superior Courts of California, and any further appeal is to the Supreme Court of California.

The California Courts of Appeal form the largest state-level intermediate appellate court system in the United States, with 106 justices.
Shiva (actor)
Shiva is an Indian actor and dialogue writer who appears in Tamil films. Prior to his acting career, Shiva worked as a radio jockey with Radio Mirchi. His tenure earned him the nickname Mirchi Shiva.  Acting mainly in comedy films, he rose to fame following his performances in the Venkat Prabhu directorials Chennai 600028 (2007) and Saroja (2008). He is humorously known by fans as "Agila Ulaga Superstar" (worldwide superstar) after his hilarious spoof on Tamil cinema's portrayal in Tamizh Padam (2010).

Venkat Prabhu
Venkat Kumar Gangai Amaren (born 7 November 1975), better known by his stage name Venkat Prabhu, is an Indian film director, actor and playback singer in Tamil cinema. After completing his education, he began pursuing an acting career, with his first three ventures featuring him in a starring role, failing to release, following which he began appearing in character roles.

He entered the spotlight for the first time when he turned director with the summer hit Chennai 600028 (2007). He achieved further commercial successes with his subsequent directorials Saroja (2008), Goa (2010), Mankatha (2011), Biriyani (2013), Masss (2015),  Maanaadu (2021), and The Greatest of All Time (2024). His father Gangai Amaren is a film director and music director.
Diane Kirkby
Diane Elizabeth Kirkby, FAHA, FASSA (born 24 July 1948) is an Australian historian. She is Professor of Law and Humanities at the University of Technology Sydney and professor emeritus of History at La Trobe University. Since 2016, Kirkby has been the editor of Labour History, the journal of the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History.

Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) is an independent, non-governmental organisation devoted to the advancement of knowledge and research in the social sciences. It has its origins in the Social Science Research Council of Australia, founded in 1942.

The Academy was established in 1971 to recognise and champion excellence in the social sciences and to provide evidence-based advice on a range of social policy issues.

The Academy consists of an elected Fellowship of almost 700 distinguished Australian social science researchers and professionals who work together to:

Provide advice to governments on issues of national importance;

Promote understanding and awareness of the social sciences; and

Coordinate international cooperation and collaboration in the social sciences.
La Gomera (Senate constituency)
La Gomera is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects one senator. Its boundaries correspond to those of the island of La Gomera. From 1977 to 1979 it also included the island of El Hierro. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties.

Limited voting
Limited voting (also known as partial block voting) is a voting system in which electors have fewer votes than there are positions available. The positions are awarded to the candidates who receive the most votes.  In the special case in which the voter may vote for only one candidate and there are two or more posts, this system is called the single non-transferable vote or sometimes the strictly limited vote.
Bo Järnstedt
Bo Gunnar Järnstedt (2 September 1911 – 15 December 1992) was a Swedish diplomat. Järnstedt began his diplomatic career in 1940 as assistant military attaché in Berlin and later that year joined the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. He steadily rose through the ranks, becoming second secretary in 1946 and first secretary in 1949. His international postings included roles in New Zealand, Korea, and India, and from 1959 to 1962, he served as consul general in Chicago, where he worked closely with the large Swedish-American community. In 1962, he was appointed ambassador to Liberia, also accredited to several other West African countries. He played a key role in managing Sweden’s industrial presence in Liberia, particularly through the LAMCO mining project. After his time in West Africa, Järnstedt returned to Chicago as consul general and later served as ambassador to Ireland from 1973 to 1977.

Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)
The Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Swedish: Utrikesdepartementet, UD) is a ministry in the Government of Sweden responsible for policies related to foreign policy, democracy, human rights, international development cooperation and foreign trade.

The ministry is currently headed by the minister for foreign affairs, Maria Malmer Stenergard of the Moderate Party.
Prophet inequality
In the theory of online algorithms and optimal stopping, a prophet inequality is a bound on the expected value of a decision-making process that handles a sequence of random inputs from known probability distributions, relative to the expected value that could be achieved by a "prophet" who knows all the inputs (and not just their distributions) ahead of time. These inequalities have applications in the theory of algorithmic mechanism design and mathematical finance.

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
Fellipe Andrew
Fellipe Andrew Silva (born October 24, 1994) is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt under Rodrigo Cavaca. He is the  2021 World Champion in the absolute division and  2023 World Champion in the 94 kg division. He is  Euros Champion in 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023. He is the  Pan Champion of 2019, 2020, and 2021.
Andrew was among six champions in the inaugural IBJJF Crown in 2023.
In the lead-up to his championship wins, he was training at Zenith BJJ under Robert Drysdale. He later moved to Alliance Jiu Jitsu (San Diego branch), and then Art of Jiu Jitsu in Costa Mesa in 2024. In September 2024 Andrew was stripped of his Pan Ams medal and accepted two years of ineligibility for failing anti-doping tests.

European IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship
The European IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship (also: European Championship or European Open) is the most prestigious and largest Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu tournament held in Europe by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF). The tournament is an open championship accepting competitors from all countries and is considered one of the most important competitions in the lead-up to the Worlds.
Canellaceae
The Canellaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Canellales. The order includes only one other family, the Winteraceae. Canellaceae is native to the Afrotropical and Neotropical realms. They are small to medium trees, rarely shrubs, evergreen and aromatic. The flowers and fruit are often red.

Several species of Canellaceae are important in herbal medicine or as a substitute for cinnamon, which is obtained from genus Cinnamomum in family Lauraceae. Canella winterana is the only species known in cultivation.

The family is divided into five genera, but studies of DNA sequences have indicated one of these genera should be split. These genera together comprise about 25 species. In the Greater Antilles, many of these species are rare and restricted to small ranges. As of 2008, five of the species were newly recognized and not yet named.

Canella
Canella is a monospecific genus containing the species Canella winterana, a tree native to the Caribbean, south-eastern Mexico, southern Florida, and Venezuela. Its bark is used as a spice similar to cinnamon, giving rise to the common names cinnamon bark, wild cinnamon, and white cinnamon.
Ksenia Parubets
Ksenia Alexandrovna Parubets (Russian: Ксения Александровна Парубец, née Ilchenko; born 31 October 1994) is a Russian volleyball player, playing as an outside-spiker. She is part of the Russia women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.
She won the gold medal at the 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship.  On club level she plays for VC Uralochka-NTMK.

On 7 May 2016, then-Ilchenko married Ruslan Parubets.

2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix was the 23rd edition of the annual women's international volleyball tournament played by 28 countries from 26 June to 2 August 2015. This was the first time that the Group 1 final round was held in Omaha, Nebraska, United States.
NSL Second Division
The NSL Second Division (also referred to as the OK League for sponsorship reasons), was a South African association football league. It was the second tier on the South African football league system, and teams who won the division, were promoted to the NSL Castle League.

National Soccer League (South Africa)
The National Soccer League (NSL) was a South African association football league established in 1985 as a response to boardroom disagreements in the non-racial NPSL. The NPSL had been established in 1978 after a merger between the white NFL and the previous racial black NPSL. A portion of the NPSL continued under its own name, and later merged with the NSL to form today's Premier Soccer League (PSL).

The NSL faced accusations of endemic bribery and corruption in its ranks.
Kaylia Nemour
Kaylia Nemour (Arabic: كيليا نمور, romanized: Kailiya Numur; born 30 December 2006) is an Algerian artistic gymnast. She is the 2024 Olympic champion on the uneven bars and the first gymnast from any African nation to win an Olympic medal. At the 2023 World Championships, she became the first African gymnast to win a medal at the World Championships, winning silver on the uneven bars. She is the 2023 African all-around champion. At the 2025 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, she won a gold medal on uneven bars, a silver medal on balance beam and came in fourth all-around.

2023 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2023 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Antwerp, Belgium at the Sportpaleis, from 30 September to 8 October 2023. Antwerp hosted the event for the third time; previously the city hosted the first ever World Championships in 1903 and again in 2013.

The championships was a qualification event for the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris. The top nine teams in both the men's and women's team qualifications (not including teams that qualified at the previous year's World Championships) obtained five quota places for Paris as a team.  Additionally, numerous individuals qualified with a nominative berth for the Olympic Games.
2012 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 2012 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships was the 47th NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships and the 30th NCAA Women's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships, held at the Ford Idaho Center in Nampa, Idaho near the campus of the host school, Boise State University. In total, thirty-two different men's and women's indoor track and field events were contested from March 9 to March 10, 2012.

At the championships, the Florida Gators track and field and Oregon Ducks track and field programs each won their third consecutive team title.

NCAA Division I Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships
The NCAA Women's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championship is an annual collegiate indoor track and field competition for women from Division I institutions organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. It has been held every year since 1983, except for 2020.

Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division I men's competition is also held at the same time and venue; both are entirely separate events from the NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships held during the spring.

The current team champions are the Oregon Ducks.

The LSU Lady Tigers hold the record for most team titles with 11.
Spilinga
Spilinga is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Vibo Valentia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,665 and an area of 18.7 square kilometres (7.2 sq mi).

The municipality of Spilinga contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Panaìa and Monte Poro.

Spilinga borders the following municipalities: Drapia, Joppolo, Limbadi, Nicotera, Ricadi, Rombiolo, Zungri.

Vibo Valentia
Vibo Valentia (Italian: [ˈviːbo vaˈlɛntsja] ⓘ; Monteleone before 1861; Monteleone di Calabria from 1861 to 1928; Calabrian: Vibbu Valenzia or Muntalaùni) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Calabria, near the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital of the province of Vibo Valentia, and is an agricultural, commercial and tourist center (the most famous places nearby are Tropea, Ricadi and Pizzo). There are also several large manufacturing industries, including the tuna district of Maierato. Very important for the local economy is Vibo Marina's harbour.
Chantal Galladé
Chantal Juliane Galladé (born 17 December 1972) is a Swiss politician who currently serves on the Cantonal Council of Zürich for the Green Liberal Party. She previously served on the National Council (Switzerland) from 2003 to 2018 for the Social Democratic Party.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Marnixstraat
Marnixstraat is a main street in the Dutch city of Amsterdam, on the western border of the Jordaan in the Amsterdam-Centrum. The street is located between Haarlemmerplein and Leidseplein, parallel to Lijnbaansgracht.

Amsterdam-Centrum
Amsterdam-Centrum is the inner-most borough and historical city centre of Amsterdam, Netherlands, containing the majority of the city's landmarks. Established in 2002, Amsterdam-Centrum was the last area in the city to be granted the status of self-governing borough. The borough is 8.04 km2 and covers the UNESCO-listed Amsterdam canal belt. In 2013, the borough had approximately 85,000 inhabitants, who on average had the second-highest income per household in the city (after Amsterdam-Zuid) and one of the highest in the country.
Christina Nolan
Christina Elizabeth Nolan (born September 26, 1979) is an American attorney and politician who served as the United States Attorney for the District of Vermont from 2017 to 2021. Prior to becoming the U.S. Attorney, she was an Assistant United States Attorney in the District of Vermont, where she prosecuted a variety of criminal cases. A member of the Republican Party, she was a candidate for the United States Senate in the 2022 election, losing the Republican primary. Nolan is considered a moderate Republican, and in her Senate campaign was endorsed by Governor Phil Scott.

Phil Scott
Philip Brian Scott (born August 4, 1958) is an American politician, stock car racer, and businessman who has served since 2017 as the 82nd governor of Vermont. A member of the Republican Party, he was a representative for the Washington District in the Vermont Senate from 2001 to 2011 and the 81st lieutenant governor of Vermont from 2011 to 2017.

Scott was first elected governor of Vermont in the 2016 general election, and was reelected in 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2024. Scott's 2024 margin of victory is the largest in any Vermont gubernatorial election since 1946. As of 2025, Scott is the second-longest serving incumbent governor in the U.S.

One of the nation's most popular governors, Scott is often described as a moderate Republican or a liberal Republican. According to the Cook Partisan Voting Index, Vermont is the most Democratic-leaning U.S. state (D+17).