hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Samuel Windeatt
James Samuel Windeatt (1861–1944) was a photographer known for his images of celebrities including theatrical performers in Chicago. Born in Plymouth, England, he apprenticed with court photography studio the Downey Bros. and then emigrated to the U.S. He worked in Max Platz' studio until the photographer's death in 1894 when Windeatt partnered with Joseph W. Gehrig for a few years. He then established his own studio, first in Chicago and then in the suburb of Oak Park.

He was married to Augusta Windeatt and had three daughters. Prominent people he photographed include Chauncey Olcott, Viola Allen, Patricia Campbell, Margaret Illington,  Vesta Tilley, Roselle Knott, Otis Skinner, and Gertrude Norman.

Gertrude Norman
Gertrude Norman (May 19, 1848 or 1851 – July 20, 1943), was an English/American theater and Hollywood silent film actress. She is credited with being in 44 films between 1911 and 1936, and was a screenwriter and director for early silent films. She appeared in four films with sound, making her one of the oldest actresses to perform during the silent and sound eras.

Norman was born in London, England. One of her early films from 1910 was rediscovered in a sea chest in the 2000s. She played a "mother" role in The Birth of a Nation. By the time Norman made her first "talkie" she was already in her 80s and played the part of a grandmother.

She is not to be confused with Gertrude "Toto" Norman (c. 1880–1961), an actress of the same time period as well as secretary and companion to the American opera singer Marcia Van Dresser, or with a children's book author Gertrude Norman.
Goya Award for Best Special Effects
The Goya Award for Best Special Effects (Spanish: Premio Goya a los mejores efectos especiales) is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards. The category was first presented at the second edition of the Goya Awards with Francisco Teres being the first winner of the award for his work in Anguish (1987).

Reyes Abades holds the record of the most wins for this category with nine wins followed by Félix Bergés with seven and Raúl Romanillos with six. For their work in Pan's Labyrinth (2006), David Martí and Montse Ribé won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling but competed and won alongside Emilio Ruiz del Río, Everett Burrell, Reyes Abades and Edward Irastorza in this category at the Goya Awards instead of Best Makeup and Hairstyles which was won by José Quetglas and Blanca Sánchez for the same film.

Goya Awards
The Goya Awards (Spanish: Premios Goya) are Spain's main national annual film awards. They are presented by the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.

The first ceremony was held in 1987, a year after the founding of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences, at the Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid. They have since been also held in other Spanish cities (Barcelona, Seville, Málaga, Valencia, Valladolid, and Granada).
Elizabeth Putnam (figure skater)
Elizabeth Gale Putnam (born November 28, 1984) is a Canadian former competitive pair skater. With Sean Wirtz, she is the 2006 Four Continents bronze medalist and a two-time (2003–04) Canadian national bronze medalist.

2006 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2006 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2005–06 season. It was held at the World Arena in Colorado Springs, USA on January 25–28. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The compulsory dance was the Tango Romantica.
Symmetry (horse)
Symmetry (foaled 1795) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1798. Originally trained in Yorkshire won the St Leger at Doncaster on his final appearance as a three-year-old and went on to defeat The Derby winner Sir Harry in a match race at York in the following year. As a five-year-old he was transferred to race at Newmarket where he lost a rematch with Sir Harry, but won his three remaining races, including matches against Sorcerer and Diamond, two of the leading racehorses of the time. After his retirement from racing, Symmetry was sold and exported to stand as a breeding stallion in Russia.

York Racecourse
York Racecourse is a horse racing venue in York, North Yorkshire, England.
It is the third biggest racecourse in Britain in terms of total prize money offered, and second behind Ascot in prize money offered per meeting. It attracts around 350,000 racegoers per year and stages four of the UK's 38 annual Group 1 races – the Juddmonte International Stakes, the Nunthorpe Stakes, the Yorkshire Oaks and the City of York Stakes.
First American Financial Corporation
First American Financial Corporation is an American financial services company which provides title insurance and settlement services to the real estate and mortgage industries.

The First American Family of Companies’ core business lines include title insurance and closing/settlement services; title plant management services; title and other real property records and images; valuation products and services; home warranty products; property and casualty insurance; and banking, trust and investment advisory services. With a total revenue of $5.8 billion in 2017, the company offers its products and services directly and through agents.

In June 2010, First American Financial Corporation was established when First American split its businesses to create First American Financial Corporation which provides title and settlement services to the real estate and mortgage industry, and CoreLogic, specializing in real estate information.

Home insurance
Home insurance, also commonly called homeowner's insurance (often abbreviated in the US real estate industry as HOI), is a type of property insurance that covers a private residence. It is an insurance policy that combines various personal insurance protections, which can include losses occurring to one's home, its contents, loss of use (additional living expenses), or loss of other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as liability insurance for accidents that may happen at the home or at the hands of the homeowner within the policy territory.

Additionally, homeowner's insurance provides financial protection against disasters. A standard home insurance policy covers the home and the belongings inside it.
Agency for Sustainable and Operational Social Security
Agency for Sustainable and Operational Social Security (Azerbaijani: Dayanıqlı və Operativ Sosial Təminat Agentliyi (DOST)) is  a governmental agency which was created by the order of President in order to improve governance in employment, social protection, labor. It is guided by the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, international treaties to which the Republic is a party, laws of the Republic, decrees and orders of the President, decisions and resolutions of the Cabinet of Azerbaijan, other normative legal acts and agency's Charter. It collects all the services of  Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population of Azerbaijan at one place using Single Window System.

Constitution of Azerbaijan
The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Konstitusiyası) was adopted on 12 November 1995 by popular referendum. This was the first Constitution of independent Azerbaijan.

The first Constitution of independent Azerbaijan consists of 5 chapters, 12 sections and 158 articles. It was amended on 24 August 2002 and again on 18 March 2009. It carries the "highest legal force" in Azerbaijan as per article 147. The most recent amendments to the Constitution were approved after the Constitutional referendum held on 26 September 2016. In 2002, 31 amendments were made to 22 articles; in 2009, 41 amendments were made to 29 articles; and in 2016, 23 articles were amended and 6 new articles were added.
Randalstown
Randalstown (Irish: Baile Raghnaill) is a small town and townland in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, between Antrim and Toome. The town, which contains a prominent disused railway viaduct, lies beside Lough Neagh and the Shane's Castle estate. Randalstown is bypassed by the M22 motorway with junctions at both the eastern and western ends of the town. It had a population of 5,151 people in the 2021 census.

Antrim, County Antrim
Antrim (Irish: Aontroim [ˈeːnˠt̪ˠɾˠɪmʲ]ⓘ, meaning 'lone ridge') is a town and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It lies on the banks of the Six Mile Water on the north-east shore of Lough Neagh. It had a population of 25,606 people in the 2021 census. It is the county town of County Antrim and was the administrative centre of Antrim Borough Council until its 2015 merger with Newtownabbey Borough Council to form Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council. The town lies 14 miles (23 km) north-west of Belfast.
Lincoln Memorial at Waterfront Park
Lincoln Memorial at Waterfront Park is a statue of Abraham Lincoln, depicted as he would have looked before he became President of the United States. The sculpture of him is bareheaded, seated on a rock with an open law book in one hand and the other in an outstretched, welcoming gesture. The statue is located at Waterfront Park in Louisville, Kentucky. The Lincoln Memorial in Louisville is part of the Lincoln Heritage Trail. The statue and its accompanying bas-relief historical panels were created by American sculptor Ed Hamilton. Landscape design for Waterfront Park was by Hargreaves Associates. The 2006 Kentucky General Assembly authorized $2 million for the memorial, which was supplemented by private donations.

Lincoln Heritage Trail
The Lincoln Heritage Trail is a designation for a series of highways in the U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky that links communities with pre-presidential period historical ties to U.S. president Abraham Lincoln.
Proportional approval voting
Proportional approval voting (PAV) is a proportional electoral system for multiwinner elections. It is a multiwinner approval method that extends the D'Hondt method of apportionment commonly used to calculate apportionments for party-list proportional representation. However, PAV allows voters to support only the candidates they approve of, rather than being forced to approve or reject all candidates on a given party list.

In PAV, voters cast approval ballots marking all candidates they approve of; each voter's ballot is then treated as if all candidates on the ballot were on their own "party list." Seats are then apportioned between candidates in a way that ensures all coalitions are represented proportionally.

Phragmen's voting rules
Phragmén's voting rules are rules for multiwinner voting. They allow voters to vote for individual candidates rather than parties, but still guarantee proportional representation. They were published by Lars Edvard Phragmén in French and Swedish between 1893 and 1899, and translated to English by Svante Janson in 2016.
We Are Wolves
We Are Wolves are a Canadian indie rock band, based in Montreal, consisting of vocalist and bassist Alexander Ortiz, keyboardist/backing vocalist Vincent Levesque and drummer/vocalist Pierre-Luc Bégin. The band released their debut album, Non-Stop Je Te Plie en Deux with Fat Possum Records, in 2005. They have toured extensively across Canada, the United States, and Europe to support the album and have been playlisted on CBC Radio 3. They also performed live on the first episode of that network's live concert series, CBC Radio 3 Sessions. Their second album, Total Magique, was released September 4, 2007, with a new label Dare to Care Records.

Fat Possum Records
Fat Possum Records is an American independent record label based in Water Valley and Oxford, Mississippi. At first Fat Possum focused almost entirely on recording previously unknown Mississippi blues artists (typically from Oxford or Holly Springs, Mississippi). Fat Possum has signed younger rock acts to its roster. The label has been featured in The New York Times, New Yorker, The Observer, a Sundance Channel production, features on NPR, and a 2004 documentary, You See Me Laughin. Fat Possum also distributes the Hi Records catalog.
Karfi
35°13′04″N 25°28′12″E﻿ / ﻿35.217798°N 25.470130°E﻿ / 35.217798; 25.470130﻿ (Karfi)

Karfi (also Karphi, Greek: Καρφί) is an archaeological site high up in the Dikti Mountains in eastern Crete, Greece. The ancient name of the site is unknown; "Karfi" ("the nail") is a local toponym for the prominent knob of limestone that marks the peak of the site, especially when viewed from the north. Located approximately 1100 meters above sea level, and overlooking the northern entrance to the Lasithi Plateau, the dramatic situation of Karfi is somewhat akin to that of the famous Inca site of Machu Picchu in Peru. While there is some evidence that the site was used during the Middle Minoan period as a peak sanctuary, Karfi is best known as a large and extensively excavated town of the Late Minoan IIIC period (around 1200–1000 BCE) at the beginning of the Greek "Dark Ages."

Greek Dark Ages
The Greek Dark Ages (c. 1180–800 BC) was a period in Ancient Greece characterized by societal collapse of civilization, where the palaces and cities of the Mycenaeans were either destroyed, abandoned, or both.

At around the same time, the Hittite civilization in modern-day Turkey also suffered serious disruption and collapse, with cities from Troy to Gaza being destroyed. Moreover, in Egypt, the New Kingdom fell into disarray, leading to the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt. Following this mass destruction, there were fewer, smaller settlements, which suggests widespread famine and depopulation. On the Greek mainland, the Linear B script, used by Mycenaean bureaucrats to write the Greek language, ceased to be used. The later Greek alphabet did not develop until hundreds of years later, in the beginning of the Protohistoric Iron Age, c. 800 BC.
Filomeno Paixão
Brigadier General Filomeno da Paixão de Jesus (born 27 March 1953) is an East Timorese politician and former senior officer in the Timor Leste Defence Force (F-FDTL). From July 2018 to July 2023, he was Minister of Defense, serving in the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak. Between October 2011 and July 2018, he was the Deputy Chief of the F-FDTL.

Prime Minister of Timor-Leste
The prime minister of Timor-Leste, officially the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (Portuguese: Primeiro-Ministro da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; Tetum: Primeiru-Ministru Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste) is the head of government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.

The president of Timor-Leste is the head of state. The president appoints the prime minister, after parliamentary elections and have listened to all parties represented in the National Parliament, who is usually the leader of the majority party or majority coalition. The prime minister is ex officio a member of the Council of State, chairs the cabinet and oversees the activities of the government.

The current prime minister is Xanana Gusmão, who was sworn in on 1 July 2023; he also served as the 6th prime minister from 2007 to 2015.
Georgiana Molloy
Georgiana Molloy (23 May 1805 – 8 April 1843) was an early settler in Western Australia, who is remembered as one of the first botanical collectors in the colony. Her husband, John, was involved in the Wonnerup massacre, and she has been the subject of research into how records and family history documents obfuscate the telling of those events.

Wonnerup massacre
The Wonnerup massacre, also known as the Wonnerup "Minninup" massacre, was the killing of dozens of Wardandi Noongar people by European settlers in the vicinity of Wonnerup, Western Australia in February 1841. The massacre on Wardandi-Doonan land in the south-west of Western Australia took place after Gaywal/Gaywaar, a Wardandi Man, speared and killed George Layman, a settler at Wonnerup on 21 February 1841. The leaders of the punitive massacre were Layman's neighbours John Bussell and Captain John Molloy, resident magistrate of the district. Settlers from the Wonnerup, Capel, Busselton and Augusta area joined them to commit "one of the most bloodthirsty deeds ever committed by Englishmen".
Middle Eastern philosophy
Middle Eastern philosophy includes the various philosophies of the Middle East regions, including the Fertile Crescent and Iran. Traditions include Ancient Egyptian philosophy, Babylonian philosophy, Christian philosophy, Jewish philosophy, Iranian/Persian philosophy, and Islamic philosophy.

Akkadian literature
Akkadian literature is the ancient literature written in the East Semitic Akkadian language (Assyrian and Babylonian dialects) in Mesopotamia (Akkad, Assyria, and Babylonia) during the period spanning the Middle Bronze Age to the Iron Age (roughly the 25th to 4th centuries BC).

Drawing on the traditions of Sumerian literature, the Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians compiled a substantial textual tradition of mythological narrative, legal texts, scientific works, letters and other literary forms. Conversely, Akkadian also influenced Sumerian literature.
Mohammad Reza Golzar
Mohammad Reza Golzar (Persian: محمدرضا گلزار, born March 31, 1977) is an Iranian actor, television host, and singer. In 2006, he was the highest-paid actor in Iran and has since been one of the most expensive actors in the country.

Golzar began his career in 1998 as a guitarist with the Arian music band. He later ventured into acting, making his debut in the film Sam and Narges (2000), directed by Iraj Ghaderi. Golzar has appeared in several commercially successful Iranian films, including Hello Mumbai (2015), Side Mirror (2017), Rahman 1400 (2018), and We Are All Together (2019). In addition to his cinematic work, he has acted in several television projects, such as Romantic (2016–2017), Made in Iran 2 (2018), and Gisoo (2020–2021).

Iraj Ghaderi
Iraj Ghaderi (Persian: ایرج قادری‎; 17 April 1934 – 6 May 2012) was an Iranian film director and actor. He briefly studied to become a pharmacist, but soon dropped out. He died in Tehran on 6 May 2012, aged 77.
Barbeyella minutissima
Barbeyella minutissima is a slime mould species of the order Echinosteliales, and the only species of the genus Barbeyella. First described in 1914 from the Jura mountains, its habitat is restricted to montane spruce and spruce-fir forests of the Northern Hemisphere, where it has been recorded from Asia, Europe, and North America. It typically colonises slimy, algae-covered logs that have lost their bark and have been partially to completely covered by liverworts. The sporangia are roughly spherical, up to 0.2 mm in diameter, and supported by a thin stalk up to 0.7 mm tall. After the spores have developed, the walls of the sporangia split open into lobes. The species is one of the smallest members of the Myxogastria and is considered rare.

Jura Mountains
The Jura Mountains (/ˈdʒʊərə, ˈʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə) are a sub-alpine mountain range, a short distance north of the Western Alps, and mainly demarcate a long part of the French–Swiss border. While the Jura range proper ("folded Jura", Faltenjura) is located in France and Switzerland, the range continues northeastwards through northern Switzerland and Germany as the Table Jura ("not folded Jura", Tafeljura), which is crossed by the High Rhine.
Crimefighters
Crimefighters is a TSR pulp-themed tabletop role-playing game created by game designer David Cook. Crimefighters was originally released in issue 47 of the March 1981 edition of Dragon magazine.
This issue of Dragon magazine also contained an introductory Crimefighters adventure called The Case of the Editor’s Envelope.

The game featured artwork by artist Jeff Dee who also drew the Crimefighters game character Dark Night Dan.

Crimefighters was included in the Dragon Magazine Archive, a collection of five CD-ROMs comprising the first 250 issues of Dragon magazine.

Dragon (magazine)
Dragon was one of the two official magazines for source material for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game and associated products, along with Dungeon.

TSR, Inc. originally launched the monthly printed magazine in 1976 to succeed the company's earlier publication, The Strategic Review.  The final printed issue was #359 in September 2007. Shortly after the last print issue shipped in mid-August 2007, Wizards of the Coast (part of Hasbro, Inc.), the publication's current copyright holder, relaunched Dragon as an online magazine, continuing on the numbering of the print edition. The last published issue was No. 430 in December 2013. A digital publication called Dragon+, which replaced Dragon magazine, was launched in 2015. It was created by the advertising agency Dialect in collaboration with Wizards of the Coast, and its numbering system for issues started at No. 1.
USS Ajax (AR-6)
USS Ajax (AR-6), in service 1943 to 1986, was the second Vulcan-class repair ship and the fourth ship in the United States Navy to bear the name.
Laid down in 1941, launched in 1942 and commissioned in 1943, she was decommissioned in 1986 and finally sold for scrap.
Ajax received four battle stars for Korean War service and five campaign stars for service in Vietnam.

USS Jason (AR-8)
USS Jason (AR-8) was the fourth of the Vulcan class repair ship of the United States Navy in service from 1944 to 1995, serving in World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and the Gulf War. At the time of her decommissioning, Jason was (with the exception of USS Constitution) the oldest ship in continual commission in the United States Navy, and the final ship in continual commission from World War II onward.
Asthma phenotyping and endotyping
Asthma phenotyping and endotyping is a novel approach to asthma classification inspired by precision medicine. It seeks to separate the clinical presentations or clusters of signs and symptoms of asthma, known as asthma phenotypes, from their underlying etiologies or causes, known as asthma endotypes.

Asthma endotyping is useful in predicting which patients will benefit from inhaled corticosteroids or targeted therapy using specific biologics, while phenotyping can help predict disease outcomes. Numerous asthma phenotypes and endotypes have been proposed, though not all have been validated or widely accepted.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.