hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Irving Bentley
John Irving Bentley (15 April 1874 – 5 December 1966) was a physician who burned to death at the age of 92 in the bathroom of his house in Coudersport, Pennsylvania. His death is sometimes speculated to have been caused by spontaneous human combustion.

Spontaneous human combustion
Spontaneous human combustion (SHC) is the pseudoscientific concept of the spontaneous combustion of a living (or recently deceased) human body without an apparent external source of ignition on the body. In addition to reported cases, descriptions of the alleged phenomenon appear in literature, and both types have been observed to share common characteristics in terms of circumstances and the remains of the victim.

Scientific investigations have attempted to analyze reported instances of SHC and have resulted in hypotheses regarding potential causes and mechanisms, including victim behavior and habits, alcohol consumption, and proximity to potential sources of ignition, as well as the behavior of fires that consume melted fats. Natural explanations, as well as unverified natural phenomena, have been proposed to explain reports of SHC. The current scientific consensus is that purported cases of SHC involve overlooked external sources of ignition.
Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt tram line
The Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt Tramway – less commonly also Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt Narrow-Gauge Railway – connected the three named towns until 1959 as a metre-gauge interurban tramway. It was opened in 1888 by the private Lokalbahn Aktien-Gesellschaft (LAG) and initially operated as a steam-powered branch line from Ravensburg to Weingarten. In 1910 it was electrified and in 1911 extended to Baienfurt.

In 1938 the line, popularly known as Zügle, Mühle, Bähnle or Lake Constance Lightning, was nationalized and thereafter, in accordance with the Verordnung über den Bau und Betrieb der Straßenbahnen (BOStrab) that came into force the same year, officially classified as a tramway. After 1938 the route was the only tramway operation owned by the German Reichsbahn, and after World War II the only tramway operation owned by the German Federal Railway.

Deutsche Bundesbahn
Deutsche Bundesbahn (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈbʊndəsˌbaːn], lit. 'German Federal Railway'), or DB ([deːˈbeː]), was formed  as the state railway of the newly established West Germany (FRG) on 7 September 1949 as a successor of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG). The DB remained the state railway of West Germany until after German reunification, when it was merged with the former East German Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) to form Deutsche Bahn, which came into existence on 1 January 1994.
Vaughn Frick
Carl Vaughn Frick – often credited as Vaughn Frick or simply Vaughn – is an alternative cartoonist known for the exploration of gay, environmental, HIV/AIDS awareness, and radical political themes in his comics.  His Watch Out! Comix #1 (1986) was an influential gay-themed comic, one of the first by an openly gay male cartoonist. His work was also included in issues of Gay Comix, Meatmen, Strip AIDS, No Straight Lines, and So Fey, a collection of Radical Faerie fiction.

Strip AIDS
Strip AIDS and Strip AIDS U.S.A. are comics anthology volumes published in 1987 in the UK, and 1988 in the US (respectively). They combined short comics with educational and sometimes comedic themes, to educate readers about HIV disease and safer sex, and to raise funds for the care of people with AIDS.
Jagdstaffel 24
Royal Saxon Jagdstaffel 24 was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 89 verified aerial victories.

In turn, their casualties for the war would amount to seven pilots killed in action, two killed in crashes, five wounded in action, and one taken prisoner of war.

Wounded in action
Wounded in action (WIA) describes combatants who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during wartime, but have not been killed. Typically, it implies that they are temporarily or permanently incapable of bearing arms or continuing to fight. Generally, the Wounded in Action are far more numerous than those killed. Common combat injuries include second and third-degree burns, broken bones, shrapnel wounds, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, nerve damage, paralysis, loss of sight and hearing, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and limb loss.

For the U.S. military, becoming WIA in combat generally results in subsequent conferral of the Purple Heart, because the purpose of the medal itself (one of the highest awards, military or civilian, officially given by the American government) is to recognize those killed, incapacitated, or wounded in battle.
Haki Demolli
Haki Demolli (born February 17, 1963) is a Kosovo Albanian politician, lawyer, and professor. He served as the Minister of the Kosovo Security Force from 2014 to 2017 and as Kosovo's Minister of Justice in 2010.

Kosovo Security Force
The Kosovo Security Force (KSF) is the military of Kosovo. The KSF is tasked with defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Kosovo, military support for civilian authorities, and participation in international peacekeeping missions and operations. Since 2018, it is in the process of transforming into the Kosovo Armed Forces.

The President of Kosovo is the Supreme Commander of the Kosovo Security Force and has the competence to mobilise the Kosovo Security Force in cases of a state of emergency. In peacetime, the President's powers as Commander-in-Chief are executed through the Prime Minister and the Defence Minister.
Darren Campbell (footballer)
Darren Campbell (born 16 April 1986) is a footballer who plays as a winger. He began his career at Reading and was most recently attached to Isthmian League side Fleet Town. Born in England, he represented both the England U17 and the Scotland U17 national teams at international level.

Scotland national under-17 football team
The Scotland national under-17 football team, controlled by the Scottish Football Association, is Scotland's national Under-17 football team and is considered to be a feeder team for the Scotland national football team. The team represents Scotland in international Under-17 competitions such as the U-17 World Cup and the European U-17 Championship.

The team has qualified for seven European Championship final tournaments, in 2008, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2022 and 2023. The team achieved its best result in 2014 by progressing to the semi-final.
Lake Marakapia
Lake Marakapia is a shallow dune lake on Chatham Island in New Zealand. Surrounded by sand dunes and livestock pasture, it has cloudy, eutrophic water, and hosts algae as well as fish such as New Zealand smelt and giant kōkopu.

Chatham Island
Chatham Island (/ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) (Moriori: Rēkohu, lit. 'Misty Sun'; Māori: Wharekauri) is the largest island of the Chatham Islands group, in the south Pacific Ocean off the eastern coast of New Zealand's South Island.  It is said to be  "halfway between the equator and the pole, and right on the International Date Line", although that point is 173 miles WSW of the island's westernmost point. The Moriori are the first settlers of the Chatham Islands. The island is called Rekohu ("misty skies") in Moriori, and Wharekauri  in Māori.

The island was named after the survey ship HMS Chatham which was the first European ship to locate the island in 1791. It covers an area of 920 km2 (355 sq mi).
Chatham Island lies 650 km (404 mi) south-east of Cape Turnagain, the nearest point of mainland New Zealand.
Alternative fashion
Alternative fashion or alt fashion is fashion that stands apart from mainstream, commercial fashion. It includes both styles which do not conform to the mainstream fashion of their time and the styles of specific subcultures (such as emo, goth, hip hop and punk). Some alternative fashion styles are attention-grabbing and more artistic than practical (goth, ganguro, rivethead), while some develop from anti-fashion sentiments that focus on simplicity and utilitarianism (grunge, rocker, skinhead).

Rocker (subculture)
Rockers (also known as leather boys and ton-up boys) are members or followers of a rock and roll and biker subculture that originated in the United Kingdom during the late 1950s and remained popular in the 1960s, especially among youths.  Rockers who rode bikes were widely known as ton-up boys for achieving a speed of 100 mph (miles per hour). By 1965, the term greaser had also been introduced to Great Britain and, since then, the terms greaser and rocker have become synonymous within the British Isles, although used differently in North America and elsewhere. Rockers were also derisively known as coffee bar cowboys. Their Japanese counterpart was called the kaminari-zoku (thunder tribe/clan/group, or thunderers).
Pattanavar
Pattanavar (also spelled Pattinavar) is a Tamil caste found in Tamil Nadu, India.

They are a maritime community dominating Chennai, Kanchipuram, Cuddalore, Villuppuram, Thanjavur and Nagapattinam districts of the Coromandel Coast, who have traditionally been involved in fishing, shipment, navy, and trade.

Thanjavur district
Thanjavur district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India. Its headquarters is Thanjavur (Tanjore) . The district is located in the delta of the Cauvery River and is mostly agrarian.
Loretta Preska
Loretta A. Preska (born 1949) is an American lawyer who serves as a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Born in Albany, Preska received law degrees from Fordham University School of Law and New York University School of Law. She practiced law in New York City from 1973 to 1992 at the law firms of Cahill Gordon & Reindel and Hertzog, Calamari & Gleason (now Winston & Strawn).  President George H. W. Bush  appointed her to the district bench in 1992. She served as chief judge of the court for a seven-year term from 2009 to 2016, and took senior status in 2017. President George W. Bush nominated Preska to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 2008, but the Senate did not act on the nomination.

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (in case citations, 2d Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

District of Connecticut

Eastern District of New York

Northern District of New York

Southern District of New York

Western District of New York

District of Vermont
Ilija Perajica
Ilija Peraica (Italian: Elia Peraizza, 1685), was a Venetian Dalmatian harambaša (bandit leader), with the title of serdar, one of the commanders of the Morlach troops that participated in the Great Turkish War.

Smiljanić family
The Smiljanić family (Smogianich) were a Vlach/Morlach family originating from Lika and first mentioned in the 17th century, when the oldest member Petar Smiljanić was a harambaša and capo (head) of the Morlach troops in Venetian service during the Cretan War (1645–69), in Venetian Dalmatia. He was born in Udbina, in the Lika region, then moved with his family to Venetian Dalmatia (Ravni Kotari) in 1647. From the family originated nine serdars, who participated in the Cretan War (1645–69) and Morean War (1684–1699). The family and its members are perceived as Croatian in Croatian historiography.
Abdulahi Bashir-Haske
Abdullahi Bashir-Haske MFR (born 13 December 1987, Yola) is a Nigerian businessman. He is the founder and group managing director of AA&R Investment Group, a conglomerate with interests in oil and gas, agriculture, information and communication technology, aviation, marine services and logistics. His company, Etihad Oilfield Services is credited for discovering oil in the Kolmani River area in Bauchi State. Haske holds the traditional title of "Ciroma-Ganye of Adamawa" in recognition of his business and social impact in his home state of Adamawa.

Order of the Federal Republic
The Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (MFR) is one of two orders of merit, established by the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1963. It is senior to the Order of the Niger.

The highest honours are the Grand Commander in the Order of the Federal Republic and Grand Commander in the Order of the Niger and they are awarded to the President and vice-president respectively. The Presiding Judge in the Supreme Court and the Chairman of the Senate are former officials Grand Commanders in the Order of the Niger.

The Nigerians have followed the British example in the form and structure of the Order. There are also post-nominal letters for the members of the Order of the Niger.

There is a Civil Division and a Military Division. The ribbon of the latter division has a small red line in the middle.
WTTH
WTTH (96.1 FM) is an urban adult contemporary music formatted radio station licensed to Margate City, New Jersey. It serves the general Atlantic City metro area.  Its studios are located at the Bayport One complex in West Atlantic City, and its transmitter is located in the Casino district in Atlantic City.

Urban adult contemporary
Urban adult contemporary, often abbreviated as urban AC or UAC, (also known as adult R&B,) is the name for a format of radio music, similar to an urban contemporary format. Radio stations using this format usually would not have hip hop music on their playlists, and generally include some mix of contemporary R&B and traditional R&B (while urban oldies stations emphasize only the latter). Urban adult contemporary playlists generally consist of many different genres that originated amongst Black Americans including R&B, soul, funk, disco, jazz, pop, hip-hop, electro, quiet storm, gospel, new jack swing, and hip-hop soul.
Elena Zamolodchikova
Elena Mikhailovna Zamolodchikova (Russian: Елена Михайловна Замолодчикова; born 19 September 1982) is a Russian former artistic gymnast and four-time Olympic medallist. She is the 2000 Olympic champion on vault and floor exercise, and she is a two-time World champion on vault (1999, 2002). She also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics where she won a bronze medal with the Russian team. She is a two-time World Cup Final vault champion (2000, 2002) and a two-time European champion with the Russian team (2000, 2002). In 2015, she was inducted in the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.

2000 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup final
The 2000 Artistic Gymnastics World Cup Final was held in Glasgow, Scotland in 2000. This was the second edition of the World Cup Final. From 1999 to 2000, a series of qualifying events were held, culminating in a final event, the World Cup Final. The different stages, sometimes referred to as World Cup Qualifiers, mostly served the purpose of awarding points to individual gymnasts and groups according to their placements. These points would be added up over the two-year period to qualify a limited number of athletes to the biennial World Cup Final event.
Stacy McIntyre
Stacy McIntyre is an American women's basketball coach and former player currently serving as the head coach of the Air Force Falcons women's basketball team. She was appointed as the program's head coach on April 25, 2024, following the retirement of Chris Gobrecht.

Chris Gobrecht
Christianne Geiger Gobrecht (born February 9, 1955) is an American basketball coach who was most recently the head coach of the United States Air Force Academy women's basketball team. A coach since 1977, she has been a head coach at the high school, junior college, and NCAA levels, and is known for only hiring female assistant coaches in order to protect opportunities for women.
South West Rocks, New South Wales
South West Rocks is a town located on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia, near the mouth of the Macleay River. It is approximately 40 km (25 mi) from Kempsey. Jerseyville is located nearby.

The population of South West Rocks is 5,443 people, and maintains a steady growth rate. The tourist population of South West Rocks increases markedly during the holiday season. The area's beaches as well as man-made attractions such as Trial Bay Gaol and Smoky Cape Lighthouse are local tourist attractions. Because of the warm ocean in the area fed by the East Coast current which flows down from the tropical regions it is possible to swim all year round.

36% of the population of South West Rocks are over 65 and the town has an average age of 56 as of the 2016 Australian census.

Trial Bay is one of the few north facing bays on the Australian east coast.

Trial Bay Gaol
Trial Bay Gaol is a heritage-listed former public works prison and internment camp at Cardwell Street, Arakoon, Kempsey Shire, New South Wales, Australia.

The property is owned and operated by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 14 May 2010.
Bhavakadevi
Bhavakadevi (IAST: Bhāvaka-devī; fl. 12th century or earlier), also known as Bhavadevi, was a Sanskrit poet from present-day India. Her verses are included in early medieval Sanskrit anthologies, including Vidyakara's Subhashita-ratna-kosha, Sadukti-karnamrita, and Kavindra-vachana-samuchchaya .

Vidyakara
Vidyakara (c. 1050–1130) was a Buddhist scholar and poetry anthologist, noted for the Sanskrit poetry compilation Subhashita-ratna-kosha (IAST: Subhāṣitaratnakoṣa), which has been considered the "most celebrated" anthology of Sanskrit verse.  Most of the verses, where authorship is noted, range over the two centuries prior to compilation; hence it may be thought of as a compilation of "modern verse" for the period.

Little is known about Vidyakara himself. D. D. Kosambi has argued compellingly that Vidyakara was a senior monk at the Jagaddala Vihara monastery in North Bengal, based on evidence including markings on the palm-leaf manuscript of an earlier edition of the work, claimed to be Vidyakara's original, of what may have been shelfmarks from the library in Jagaddala.
Bo Molenda
John Joseph "Bo" Molenda (February 20, 1905 – July 20, 1986) was an American football player and coach. He played primarily a fullback, in college at the for the University of Michigan and for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the New York Yankees, the Green Bay Packers. and the New York Giants. Moldena played for two Big Ten Conference championship teams at Michigan and four NFL championship teams, three with the Packers and one with the Giants. Molenda was the backfield coach for the Packers in 1947 and 1948, as has the same with the Chicago Hornets of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) in 1949. He served as the head football coach at Menlo College, then a junior college, located in Atherton, California, from 1950 to 1969.

Johnny "Blood" McNally
John Victor McNally (November 27, 1903 – November 28, 1985), best known by his playing alias Johnny Blood, was an American professional football player and coach. McNally was named a member of the NFL 1930s All-Decade Team and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1963, as one of the Hall of Fame's 17 charter members.

McNally played for six different teams between 1925 and 1941, with his longest tenure being with the Green Bay Packers, first from 1929 to 1933 and then from 1935 to 1936. McNally served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II. Following the war he attempted to return to football in 1945, but an injury ended his playing career.

McNally holds the record for receiving touchdowns by a half back/running back, with 37.
Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro
Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro  OESA (Roberti of Roberti, Dennis) (c. 1300 – 31 March 1342) was an Augustinian friar who was at one time Petrarch's confessor, and who taught Boccaccio at the beginning of his education in the humanities. He was Bishop of Monopoli in Apulia. He was surnamed, not uncommonly for the trecento, for the town in which he was born, now Sansepolcro in Tuscany. His family name was de' Roberti, which no longer exists. Dionigi is the Italian form of Dennis, Latin Dionysius.

Sansepolcro
Sansepolcro, formerly Borgo Santo Sepolcro, is a town and comune founded in the 11th century, located in the Italian Province of Arezzo in the eastern part of the region of Tuscany.

Situated on the upper reaches of the Tiber river, the town is the birthplace of the painters Piero della Francesca, Raffaellino del Colle (a pupil of Raphael), Matteo di Giovanni, Santi di Tito, and Angiolo Tricca.  It was also the birthplace of the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli, and of Matteo Cioni, who translated Piero della Francesca's treatise about perspective in painting (De prospectiva pingendi) into Latin.

Today, the economy of the town is based on agriculture, industrial manufacturing, food processing and pharmaceuticals. It is the home of Buitoni pasta, founded by Giulia Buitoni in 1827.
Verdurian language
Verdurian (soa Sfahe, "the Speech") is a constructed language created by Mark Rosenfelder, first published in 1995 and hosted at his website, Zompist.com.

Verdurian is a fictional language, which in Rosenfelder's constructed world is spoken in the nation of Verduria, on the planet Almea.

Verdurian is the most-developed and best-known of the languages of Almea.

Zompist.com
Zompist.com is a website created by Mark Rosenfelder a.k.a. Zompist, a conlanger. It features essays on comics, politics, language, and science, as well as a detailed description of Rosenfelder's constructed world, Almea. The website is also the home of The Language Construction Kit, Rosenfelder's article introducing new conlangers to the hobby.

Many features of the site have been noted by the press, including its culture tests, humorous excerpts from phrase books, its collection of numbers in over 5000 languages, and The Language Construction Kit.
Chiungtze C. Tsen
Chiungtze C. Tsen (Chinese: 曾炯之; pinyin: Zēng Jiǒngzhī; Wade–Giles: Tseng Chiung-chih; Chang-Du Gan: [tsɛn˦˨ tɕjuŋ˨˩˧ tsɹ̩˦˨], April 2, 1898 – October 1, 1940), given name Chiung (Chinese: 炯; pinyin: Jiǒng), was a Chinese mathematician born in Nanchang, Jiangxi. He is known for his work in algebra. He was one of Emmy Noether's students at the University of Göttingen, Germany.

One of his research interests was quasi-algebraic closure. In that area he proved a fundamental result which is now called Tsen's theorem.

Nanchang
Nanchang is the capital of Jiangxi, China. Located in the north-central part of the province and in the hinterland of Poyang Lake Plain, it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake. Because of its strategic location connecting the prosperous East and South China, it has become a major railway hub in Southern China in recent decades.

As the Nanchang Uprising in 1927 is distinctively recognized by the ruling Communist Party as "firing the first gunshot against the Nationalists", the current government has therefore named the city since 1949 "the place where the People's Liberation Army was born", and the most widely known "place where the military banner of the People's Liberation Army was first raised".

Nanchang is also a major city, appearing among the top 100 cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index and home to Nanchang University.