hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph von Lindwurm
Joseph von Lindwurm (9 April 1824 – 21 February 1874), was a German physician and dermatologist born in Aschaffenburg.

He studied medicine in Würzburg and Heidelberg, obtaining his medical doctorate in 1849. Afterwards, he worked as an assistant in the medical clinic at Würzburg, then furthered his education in Vienna and Paris. In Paris, he demonstrated through inoculation experiments that secondary syphilis was as contagious as primary syphilis.
In 1853 he became privat-docent at Munich, followed by an associate professorship several years later (1859). In 1863 he was appointed a full professor of dermatology and venereal diseases in Munich, later becoming director of the second medical clinic at the general hospital (1869).

A thoroughfare in Munich, Lindwurmstraße, is named in his honor. His surname refers to the "Lindwurm" of German mythology.

Aschaffenburg
Aschaffenburg (German pronunciation: [aˈʃafn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Hessian: Aschebersch, pronounced [ˈaʒəˌbɛːʃ]) is a town in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg, despite being its administrative seat, is not part of the district of Aschaffenburg.

Aschaffenburg belonged to the Archbishopric of Mainz for more than 800 years. The town is located at the westernmost border of Lower Franconia and separated from the central and eastern part of the Regierungsbezirk (administrative region) by the Spessart hills, whereas it opens towards the Rhine-Main plain in the west and the north-west. Therefore, the inhabitants speak neither Bavarian nor East Franconian but rather a local version of Rhine Franconian.
1886 Sydenham by-election
The by-election for Sydenham in 1886 was a by-election held during the 9th Parliament of New Zealand on 12 May 1886 in the Sydenham electorate. It was held because William White resigned his seat in March 1886 on medical advice. Richard Molesworth Taylor won the by-election against John Lee Scott, Samuel Paull Andrews and S. G. Jolly.

Samuel Paull Andrews
Samuel Paull Andrews (1836 – 18 October 1916) was a 19th-century politician in Christchurch, New Zealand. Originally from the Isle of Wight, he was the first working class man to become a Member of Parliament in his chosen country.
America Is in the Heart
America Is in the Heart, sometimes subtitled A Personal History, is a 1946 semi-autobiographical novel written by Filipino American immigrant poet, fiction writer, short story teller, and activist, Carlos Bulosan. The novel was one of the earliest published books that presented the experiences of the immigrant and working class based on an Asian American point of view and has been regarded as "[t]he premier text of the Filipino-American experience." In his introduction, journalist Carey McWilliams, who wrote a 1939 study about migrant farm labor in California (Factories in the Field), described America Is in the Heart as a “social classic” that reflected on the experiences of Filipino immigrants in America who were searching for the “promises of a better life”.

Filipino Americans
Filipino Americans (Filipino: Mga Pilipinong Amerikano) are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century and other small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until after the end of the Spanish–American War at the end of the 19th century, when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris.

As of 2022, there were almost 4.5 million Filipino Americans in the United States with large communities in California, Hawaii, Illinois, Texas, Florida, Nevada, and the New York metropolitan area. Around one third of Filipino Americans identify as multiracial or multiethnic, with 3 million reporting only Filipino ancestry and 1.5 million reporting Filipino in combination with another group.
Kamaitachi (comedy duo)
Kamaitachi (かまいたち) is a Japanese comedy duo consisting of Kenji Yamauchi and Ryūichi Hamaie. The duo has been operated by Yoshimoto Kogyo entertainment 
group since May 2004. The Chinese characters for this duo, originally written as 鎌鼬, were switched into hiragana from April 28, 2009.

Yoshimoto Kogyo
Yoshimoto Kogyo Holdings Co., Ltd. (吉本興業ホールディングス株式会社, Yoshimoto Kōgyō Hōrudeingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese entertainment conglomerate. It was founded in 1912, Osaka, as a traditional theatre, and has since grown to be one of the most influential companies in Japan, employing most of Japan's popular owarai (comedy) talent, producing and promoting the shows they appear in. The two main headquarters are stationed in Osaka and Tokyo.

Yoshimoto has been expanding its business in recent years, due to the owarai boom. They now have their own comedy theme park in Otaru, Hokkaido and have begun signing the likes of musicians, producers, athletes and singers alongside business with the Japanese owarai industry.
Battle of Monroe's Crossroads
The Battle of Monroe's Crossroads (also known as the Battle of Fayetteville Road, and colloquially in the North as Kilpatrick's Shirttail Skedaddle) took place during the Carolinas campaign of the American Civil War in Cumberland County, North Carolina (now in Hoke County), on the grounds of the present day Fort Bragg. Involving about 4,500 men, it pitted mounted Confederate cavalry against dismounted Union cavalry. It was one of the last all-cavalry battles of the Civil War. The inconclusive fighting lasted for several hours early on the morning of March 10, 1865. The Confederate attack delayed the United States cavalry's movement toward Fayetteville, denying Brevet Maj. Gen. Hugh Judson Kilpatrick the honor of entering the town first.

Fayetteville, North Carolina
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil, locally /ˈfɛdvəl/ FED-vəl) is a city in and the county seat of Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. Fort Bragg, a U.S. Army installation, is located in the city.

Fayetteville has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League four times. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 208,501. It is the 6th-most populous city in North Carolina. Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the western part of the Coastal Plain region, on the Cape Fear River.

With an estimated population of 392,336 in 2023, the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the second-most populous city in southeastern North Carolina and the 142nd-most populous in the United States. Suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Bragg, Hope Mills, Spring Lake, Raeford, Pope Field, Rockfish, Stedman, and Eastover.
Sichuan–Tibet railway
The Sichuan–Tibet railway, Sichuan–Xizang railway or Chuanzang railway (simplified Chinese: 川藏铁路; traditional Chinese: 川藏鐵路; pinyin: Chuānzàng Tiělù) is a partially opened high-elevation and the National first-class trunk railway in China that will connect Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, and Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, when fully completed. The line will be 1,629 km (1,012 mi) long, and significantly cut travel time from Chengdu to Lhasa from 48 to 13 hours.

Ya'an
30°00′36″N 103°02′29″E﻿ / ﻿30.0100°N 103.0415°E﻿ / 30.0100; 103.0415

Ya'an (Chinese: 雅安; pinyin: Yǎ'ān; Wade–Giles: Ya-an) is a prefecture-level city in the western part of Sichuan province, China, located just below the Tibetan Plateau. The city is home to Sichuan Agricultural University, the only 211 Project university and the largest regional comprehensive university in Ya'an. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Ya'an has a population of 1,434,603.
Concepción Pápalo
Concepción Pápalo  is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 94.4 km2. 
It is part of the Cuicatlán District in the north of the Cañada Region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 2,920.

Moth Homoeocera papalo is named after the town.

Homoeocera papalo
Homoeocera papalo is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It is known only from a very restricted area in Oaxaca state in Mexico, at high altitude.

The length of the forewings is 20–21 mm. The biology of this species is unknown.
Ferrara Cathedral
Ferrara Cathedral (Italian: Basilica Cattedrale di San Giorgio, Duomo di Ferrara) is a Roman Catholic cathedral and minor basilica in Ferrara, Northern Italy. Dedicated to Saint George, the patron saint of the city, it is the seat of the Archbishop of Ferrara and the largest religious building in the city.

The cathedral stands in the city centre, not far from the Palazzo Comunale and the famous Castello Estense and is connected to the Archbishop's Palace by a covered passage.

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Battle of Llucmajor
The Battle of Llucmajor (Catalan: Batalla de Llucmajor; IPA: [bəˈtaʎə ðə ˌʎumːəˈʒo]) occurred in 1349 when Peter IV of Aragon's forces defeated and killed his cousin James III of Majorca in the town of Llucmajor on the Balearic Islands, resulting in the end of the independent Kingdom of Majorca.

Violante of Vilaragut
Violante of Vilaragut (1320 or 1325 – before 1372) was a daughter of Berengeur de Vilaragut and his second wife Saura, who was an illegitimate daughter of James II of Majorca. Violante was titular queen of Majorca by her marriage to her cousin James III of Majorca.
Pleasantville (film)
Pleasantville is a 1998 American teen fantasy comedy-drama film written, co-produced, and directed by Gary Ross (in his directorial debut). It stars Tobey Maguire, Jeff Daniels, Joan Allen, William H. Macy, J. T. Walsh, and Reese Witherspoon, with Don Knotts, Paul Walker, Marley Shelton, and Jane Kaczmarek in supporting roles. The story centers on two siblings who wind up trapped in a 1950s television show, set in a small Midwest town, where residents are seemingly perfect.

The film was released by New Line Cinema on October 23, 1998 and received generally positive reviews from critics, though it was a box-office failure, earning a total of $49.8 million against a $60 million budget. It was one of J. T. Walsh's final performances and was dedicated to his memory. It was also the final on-screen film appearance of Don Knotts, who would subsequently take on voice acting roles until his death.

Tobey Maguire
Tobias Vincent Maguire (born June 27, 1975) is an American actor and film producer. He began his career in supporting roles, before gaining international recognition and critical praise for his role as Spider-Man in Sam Raimi's 2002 film Spider-Man. Maguire reprised the role in two sequels, Spider-Man 2 (2004) and Spider-Man 3 (2007). He returned to the role in Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021).

Maguire expanded his career with dramatic roles in Seabiscuit (2003), The Good German (2006), and The Great Gatsby (2013). He received critical acclaim and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama for his role as a PTSD-stricken soldier in the war film Brothers (2009).

Outside of acting, Maguire has also produced several films, including 25th Hour (2002) and Seabiscuit. He later established his own production company, Material Pictures, in 2012 and co-produced Good People (2012), Pawn Sacrifice (2014), and Babylon (2022).
RKC Waalwijk
RKC Waalwijk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɛrkaːˈseː ˈʋaːlʋɛik]) is a Dutch professional football club based in Waalwijk. They currently play in the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of Dutch football, following relegation from the Eredivisie in the 2024–25 season. Its name is derived from 'Rooms Katholieke Combinatie Waalwijk' ('Roman Catholic Combination Waalwijk' in Dutch) and was established as a merger of HEC, WVB and Hercules.

Peter Bosz
Peter Sylvester Bosz (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈpeːtər ˈbɔs]; born 21 November 1963) is a Dutch professional football manager and former player. He is currently the head coach of Dutch Eredivisie club PSV Eindhoven.

He had previously held managerial positions as several clubs, including Ajax where he reached the final of the UEFA Europa League in 2017, Borussia Dortmund, Bayer Leverkusen and Lyon, before being appointed as manager of PSV in June 2023, winning the Dutch Eredivisie title in 2024 and 2025.
Rancho Los Corralitos
Rancho Los Corralitos was a 15,440-acre (62.5 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Cruz County, California given in 1823 by Governor Luis Antonio Argüello, with a confirmatory grant in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to José Amesti.  "Los Corralitos" means "the little corrals" in Spanish.   The grant extended along Corralitos Creek north of Watsonville, and encompassed present-day Corralitos and Amesti.

Santa Cruz County, California
Santa Cruz County (/ˌsæntə ˈkruːz/ ⓘ), officially the County of Santa Cruz, is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 270,861. The county seat is Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is on the California Central Coast, south of the San Francisco Bay Area region. The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay, with Monterey County forming the southern coast.
Paracrocodylomorpha
Paracrocodylomorpha is a clade of pseudosuchian archosaurs. The clade includes the diverse and unusual group Poposauroidea as well as the generally carnivorous and quadrupedal members of Loricata, including modern crocodylians. Paracrocodylomorpha was named by paleontologist J. Michael Parrish in 1993, although the group is now considered to encompass more reptiles than his original definition intended. The most recent definition of Paracrocodylomorpha, as defined by Sterling Nesbitt in 2011, is "the least inclusive clade containing Poposaurus and Crocodylus niloticus (the Nile crocodile). Most groups of paracrocodylomorphs became extinct at the end of the Triassic period, with the exception of the crocodylomorphs, from which crocodylians such as crocodiles and alligators evolved in the latter part of the Mesozoic.

Gracilisuchus
Gracilisuchus (meaning "slender crocodile") is an extinct genus of tiny pseudosuchian (a group which includes the ancestors of crocodilians) from the Late Triassic of Argentina. It contains a single species, G. stipanicicorum, which is placed in the clade Suchia, close to the ancestry of crocodylomorphs. Both the genus and the species were first described by Alfred Romer in 1972.
For the Honor
For the Honor is the first live album from the American contemporary worship band Elevation Worship. It was recorded live at Elevation Blakeney. Provident Label Group released the album on November 21, 2011. Aaron Robertson produced the album.

Elevation Worship
Elevation Worship is a contemporary worship music collective from Elevation Church in Charlotte, North Carolina. The collective leads worship in weekend church services at Elevation Church, as well as performing concerts and tours around the United States. The collective has sold over 1.5 million albums in the United States.
Piła, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Piła [ˈpiwa] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Morzeszczyn, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Gmina Morzeszczyn
Gmina Morzeszczyn is a rural area in Gmina, (administrative district) Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Morzeszczyn, which lies approximately 29 kilometres (18 mi) south of Tczew and 59 km (37 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The Gmina covers an area of 91.22 square kilometres (35.2 sq mi), and as of 2022 its total population is 3,513.
QX39
QX39 (Compound A, CA39) is a synthetic compound that activates chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) by increasing the expression of the lysosomal receptor for this pathway,  LAMP2A lysosomes. It showed potent activity in vitro but has poor pharmacokinetic properties and was not suitable for animal research. Subsequent research led to the development of CA77.1, a CMA activator suitable for in vivo use.

LAMP2
Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), also known as CD107b (Cluster of Differentiation 107b) and Mac-3, is a human gene. Its protein, LAMP2, is one of the lysosome-associated membrane glycoproteins.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of membrane glycoproteins.  This glycoprotein provides selectins with carbohydrate ligands.  It may play a role in tumor cell metastasis.  It may also function in the protection, maintenance, and adhesion of the lysosome.  Alternative splicing of the gene produces three variants - LAMP-2A, LAMP-2B and LAMP-2C. LAMP-2A is the receptor for chaperone-mediated autophagy. Recently it has been determined that antibodies against LAMP-2 account for a fraction of patients who get a serious kidney disease termed focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis.

LAMP-2B is associated with Danon disease.
Moving Picture Experts Group
The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is an alliance of working groups established jointly by ISO and IEC that sets standards for media coding, including compression coding of audio, video, graphics, and genomic data; and transmission and file formats for various applications. Together with JPEG, MPEG is organized under ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29).

MPEG formats are used in various multimedia systems. The most well known older MPEG media formats typically use MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 AVC media coding and MPEG-2 systems transport streams and program streams. Newer systems typically use the MPEG base media file format and dynamic streaming (a.k.a. MPEG-DASH).

VC-1
SMPTE 421, informally known as VC-1, is a video coding format. Most of it was initially developed as Microsoft's proprietary video format Windows Media Video 9 in 2003. With some enhancements including the development of a new Advanced Profile, it was officially approved as an SMPTE standard on April 3, 2006. It was primarily marketed as a lower-complexity competitor to the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard. After its development, several companies other than Microsoft asserted that they held patents that applied to the technology, including Panasonic, LG Electronics and Samsung Electronics.

VC-1 is supported in the now-deprecated Microsoft Silverlight, the briefly-offered HD DVD disc format, and the Blu-ray Disc format.
La Manche Provincial Park
La Manche Provincial Park, is a provincial park located 53 kilometers south of St. John's along Route 10 (Irish Loop Drive), on the island of Newfoundland, in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It consists mainly of the abandoned village of La Manche, as well as some surrounding terrain.

La Manche, Newfoundland and Labrador
La Manche was a community on the east coast of the Avalon Peninsula of the island of Newfoundland between Cape Broyle and Tors Cove in a small inlet surrounded by steep hills. In French, la manche means "the sleeve". The area is named for the shape of the harbour, which is long and narrow with high sides. This harbour was probably first used by the French because of its seclusion which offered cover between raids on Ferryland and St. John's.
Upstart (software)
Upstart is a discontinued event-based replacement for the traditional init daemon—the method by which several Unix-like computer operating systems perform tasks when the computer is started. It was written by Scott James Remnant, a former employee of Canonical Ltd. In 2014, Upstart was placed in maintenance mode, and other init daemons, such as systemd, were recommended in place of Upstart. Ubuntu moved away from Upstart with the release of version 15.04 (Vivid Vervet) in favor of migrating to systemd. As of June 2024, there have been no updates released for Upstart since September 2014.

Scott James Remnant
Scott James Remnant (born 18 July 1980) is an open source software engineer. Scott served as a long-time Debian developer until 2006 and worked as "Ubuntu Developer Manager" on the Ubuntu Linux distribution at Canonical Ltd. He now works at Google as a Technical Lead on Bluetooth Systems.
West Nipissing
West Nipissing is a municipality in Northeastern Ontario, Canada, on Lake Nipissing in the Nipissing District. It was formed on January 1, 1999, with the amalgamation of seventeen and a half former towns, villages, townships and unorganized communities.

It is the most bilingual community in Ontario, with 73.4% of its population fluent in both English and French.

Nipissing District
Nipissing District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1858. The district seat is North Bay.

In 2021, the population was 84,716. The land area is 16,986.20 square kilometres (6,558.41 sq mi); the population density was 5.0 per square kilometre (13/sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated districts in northern Ontario.
Potter Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania
Potter Township is a township in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Penns Valley and the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,614 at the 2020 census. Communities in Potter Township include Black Hawk, Centre Hill, Colyer, Fruittown, Old Fort, Potter Mills, Red Mill, and Tusseyville.

Potters Mills, Pennsylvania
Potters Mills is a village in Potter Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States, just east of the Potter-Allison Farm. It is named after 
General James Potter (1729–1789), who built a log cabin and grist mill there, at what is now the intersection of General Potter Highway (U.S. Route 322) and the Old Fort Road (Pennsylvania Route 144).
Raul Jungmann
Raul Belens Jungmann Pinto (3 April 1952 – 18 January 2026) was a Brazilian business consultant and politician. He served as minister of agrarian development under former president Fernando Henrique Cardoso and federal deputy for the state of Pernambuco. He was the Minister of Defence from May 2016 to February 2018, appointed by then-acting president Michel Temer. On 27 February 2018, Jungmann was confirmed as Minister of the Public Security.

Jungmann was appointed CEO of the Brazilian Mining Institute (IBRAM) in March 2022.

Jungmann died on 18 January 2026, at the age of 73, after a battle with pancreatic cancer.

Ministry of Public Security (Brazil)
The Ministry of Public Security (Portuguese: Ministério da Segurança Pública) was a ministry of Brazil, responsible for managing federal police offices and penitentiary departments. It was headed by the Minister of Public Security.

It is a branch from the Ministry of Justice, then called Ministry of Justice and Public Security. After an increase in violence ratings in Rio de Janeiro and a military intervention evoked by the Brazilian federal government, President Michel Temer signed a Provisional Measure, creating the ministry temporarily. President Temer nominated Raul Jungmann as Extraordinary Minister, moving him from the Ministry of Defence. In January 2019, President Jair Bolsonaro merged the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice, and appointed former Federal Judge Sergio Moro as the Minister of Justice and Public Security.