hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Free recoil
Free recoil / Frecoil is a vernacular term or jargon for recoil energy of a firearm not supported from behind. Free recoil denotes the translational kinetic energy (Et) imparted to the shooter of a small arm when discharged and is expressed in joules (J), or foot-pound force (ft·lbf) for non-SI units of measure. More generally, the term refers to the recoil of a free-standing firearm, in contrast to a firearm securely bolted to or braced by a massive mount or wall. Free recoil should not be confused with recoil:

Free recoil is the given name for translational kinetic energy transmitted from a small arm to a shooter.

Recoil is a name given for conservation of momentum as it generally applies to an everyday event.

Foot-pound (energy)
The foot-pound force (symbol: ft⋅lbf, ft⋅lbf, or ft⋅lb ) is a unit of work or energy in the engineering and gravitational systems in United States customary and imperial units of measure. It is the energy transferred upon applying a force of one pound-force (lbf) through a linear displacement of one foot.  The corresponding SI unit is the joule, though in terms of energy, one joule is not equal to one foot-pound.
Dallen Bounds
Dallen Forrest Bounds (August 9, 1971 – December 23, 1999) was an American serial killer who killed four people in Greenville and Easley, South Carolina - two during robberies and another two out of personal animosity - between June and December 1999. The killings led to a manhunt resulting in him taking two women hostage and his eventual suicide to avoid arrest by authorities.

A definitive motive for the crimes was never established.

Easley, South Carolina
Easley is a city in Pickens County (with parts extending into Anderson County) in the U.S. state of South Carolina. Most of the city lies in Pickens County, with a small portion of the city in Anderson County. As of the 2020 census, Easley had a population of 22,921.

In 2001, Easley hosted the Big League World Series for the first time, and continued to host the tournament annually until it was disbanded in 2016. In 2017, the Senior League World Series moved to Easley as the host for the annual tournament. The Upper South Carolina State Fair is located in Easley and is held annually in early September.
Henrik Old
Henrik James Frits Old (born 20 June 1947 in Vágur, Faroe Islands)  is a Faroese politician. He is a current (2011–2015) member of the Faroese parliament. He was elected for the Løgting for the first time in 1984. He was re-elected several times and represented the island of Suðuroy. He was elected for the Social Democratic Party (Faroe Islands). He was an MP from 1984 to 2008 and again from 2011.

Social Democratic Party (Faroe Islands)
The Social Democratic Party (Faroese: Javnaðarflokkurin, lit. 'Equality Party', JF) (Danish: Det socialdemokratiske parti, JF) is a social democratic political party on the Faroe Islands, led by Aksel V. Johannesen.
Texian Navy
The Texian Navy, also known as the Revolutionary Navy and First Texas Navy, was the naval warfare branch of the Texian armed forces during the Texas Revolution. It was established by the Consultation of the Republic of Texas on November 25, 1835. Along with the Texian Army, it helped the Republic of Texas win independence from the Centralist Republic of Mexico on May 14, 1836 at the Treaties of Velasco. It was replaced by the Texas Navy on March 23, 1839.

Texas Revolution
The Texas Revolution (October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836) was a rebellion by Anglo-American immigrants as well as Hispanic Texans (known as Texians and Tejanos respectively) against the centralist government of Mexico in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. The uprising was part of a larger revolt against the Centralist Republic of Mexico that included other provinces opposed to the regime of President Antonio López de Santa Anna. The Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag". Only the province of Texas succeeded in breaking with Mexico, establishing the Republic of Texas. It was eventually annexed by the United States about a decade later.
Albacete (Senate constituency)
Albacete is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Albacete. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Limited voting
Limited voting (also known as partial block voting) is a voting system in which electors have fewer votes than there are positions available. The positions are awarded to the candidates who receive the most votes.  In the special case in which the voter may vote for only one candidate and there are two or more posts, this system is called the single non-transferable vote or sometimes the strictly limited vote.
M.E.D. (rapper)
Nick Rodriguez, better known by his stage name M.E.D. (sometimes stylized as MED), is an American rapper from Oxnard, California. He was formerly known as Medaphoar. He has been signed to Stones Throw Records.

Stones Throw Records
Stones Throw Records is an American independent record label based in Los Angeles, California. Under the direction of founder Peanut Butter Wolf, Stones Throw has released music ranging from hip hop to experimental psychedelic rock. LA Weekly deemed the label an "eternally evolving experiment" in celebration of its 20th anniversary.
Nepenthes lamii
Nepenthes lamii /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˈlæmiaɪ/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to New Guinea, where it grows at an altitude of up to 3,520 m above sea level, higher than any other Nepenthes species. Although once confused with N. vieillardii and previously regarded as conspecific with the closely related N. monticola, it is now recognised as a distinct species.

The specific epithet lamii honours Dutch botanist Herman Johannes Lam, who made one of the earliest known collections of this species.

Nepenthes vieillardii
Nepenthes vieillardii (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌviːɛˈlɑːrdiaɪ/; after Eugène Vieillard, collector of plants from New Caledonia and Tahiti between 1861 and 1867) is a species of pitcher plant endemic to the island of New Caledonia. Its distribution is the most easterly of any Nepenthes species. Its natural habitat is shrublands or forests, to about 900 metres (3,000 ft) altitude.

Tripteroides caledonicus mosquitoes breed in the pitchers of this species.
Eragon (video game)
Eragon is a third-person video game released for PlayStation 2, Xbox, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows, developed by Stormfront Studios and published by Vivendi Games. Also released are unique versions of Eragon for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable, and mobile phone handheld gaming systems, primarily developed by Amaze Entertainment.

The game is based upon the 2006 Eragon film, which is loosely based on the 2002 book Eragon, by Christopher Paolini. The game was released on November 14, 2006 in the United States of America, on November 24, 2006 in European countries and on November 23, 2006 in Australia in order to coincide with the release of the film. In the game the player takes on the role of the protagonist from the book and film, Eragon, and occasionally controls his dragon Saphira.

The game received mixed reviews by critics. The combined sales in North America were over 400,000 copies.

Vivendi Games
Vivendi Games was an American video game publisher and holding company based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1996 as CUC Software, the publishing subsidiary of CUC International, after the latter acquired video game companies Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line. Between 1997 and 2001, the company switched parents and names multiple times before ending up organized under Vivendi Universal (later renamed Vivendi). On July 10, 2008, Vivendi Games merged with Activision to create Activision Blizzard.
Blood Fever (Star Trek: Voyager)
"Blood Fever" is the 58th episode of Star Trek: Voyager, the 16th episode of the third season. The episode aired on UPN on February 5, 1997. This episode focuses on life aboard the Federation spacecraft USS Voyager, stranded on the opposite side of the galaxy to Earth. Even with its fictional faster than light warp drive, it will take decades to return normally. This show focuses on the characters B'Elanna Torres, Ensign Vorik and Tom Paris, and explores the nature of the Vulcans.

Vulcan (Star Trek)
Vulcans, sometimes referred to as Vulcanians, are a fictional extraterrestrial humanoid species in the Star Trek media franchise.  They are noted for their strict adherence to logic and reason and suppression of emotion. Known for their pronounced eyebrows and pointed ears, they originate from the fictional planet Vulcan. In the Star Trek universe, they were the first extraterrestrial species to make contact with humans.

The most notable Vulcan character is Spock, first played by actor Leonard Nimoy in Star Trek: The Original Series (1966–1969). Some aspects of this fictional alien race that have entered popular culture are their pointy ears, the Vulcan salute, the Vulcan nerve pinch, and their adherence to logical thinking and disdain for emotion.

A 2019 journal article, Science Fiction and the Abolition of Man argued that many science fiction characters such as Vulcans of Star Trek are based on the ideas of The Abolition of Man by C. S. Lewis.
Bajram Rexhepi
Bajram Rexhepi (3 June 1954 – 21 August 2017), was a Kosovar politician who served as the first elected post-war Prime Minister of Kosovo, and later as interior minister and as a member of the Kosovo Assembly. He was a member of the second largest political party in Kosovo, the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK).

Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo
The Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Kuvendi i Republikës së Kosovës; Serbian: Скупштина Републике Косово, Skupština Republike Kosovo), also known as the Kuvendi, is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Kosovo. It is directly elected by the people every four years. It was originally established by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 2001 to provide 'provisional, democratic self-government'. On 17 February 2008, representatives of the people of Kosovo unilaterally declared Kosovo's independence and subsequently adopted the Constitution of Kosovo, which came into effect on 15 June 2008.
Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company
Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company is a privately held company based in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Milton S. Hershey established HE&R in 1927 to distinguish and separate his chocolate manufacturing company from his other business ventures. All of his non-chocolate producing businesses were established as Hershey Estates, renamed HERCO, Inc. in 1976 and Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company in 1998.

The Hotel Hershey
The Hotel Hershey is a historic resort hotel in Hershey, Pennsylvania. Established in 1933, it is a historical landmark located on a hilltop overlooking Hershey, Pennsylvania, and the surrounding area. It was inducted into Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, since 1991. It has 276 guest rooms and 23,500 square feet (2,180 m2) of event space.

The hotel's architectural style is Spanish Colonial revival, including mosaic tiles and archways, and a villa-style balcony overlooking the town of Hershey and Hershey Gardens. Historic photographs and original artwork line the halls and decorate guest room walls, as well as the Iberian Lounge, which is designed to resemble dim, fireplace-lit cigar lounges of the past.
Cybaeopsis
Cybaeopsis is a genus of tangled nest spiders first described by Embrik Strand in 1907, and transferred from Agelenidae to Amaurobiidae by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967. They all occur in North America except for three species; C. lodovicii, C. theoblicki and C. typica.

Members of this genus closely resemble those of the genus Callobius, especially the females. It is considered a senior synonym of Callioplus, but not of Alauximus, which is a synonym of Tugana.

Amaurobiidae
Amaurobiidae is a family of three-clawed cribellate or ecribellate spiders found in crevices and hollows or under stones where they build retreats, and are often collected in pitfall traps. Unlidded burrows are sometimes quite obvious in crusty, loamy soil. They are difficult to distinguish from related spiders in other families, especially Agelenidae and Desidae. Their intra- and interfamilial relationships have been contentious.

In Australia, they are small to medium-sized entelegyne spiders with minimal sheet webs. They are fairly common in Tasmania and nearby mainland Australia in cooler rainforest, some in caves. They are widespread but uncommon along the eastern coastline. They generally have eight similar eyes in two conservatively curved rows. They often have a calamistrum on metatarsus IV associated with a cribellum. Australian amaurobiids may be distinguished from the Desidae by the absence of a pretarsal fracture and the presence of a retrocoxal hymen on coxa I.
Sudgar nask
The Sudgar nask is the first nask (volume) of the Sasanian Avesta. Like most other nasks, it is no longer extant, but its content can be reconstructed from references in later Pahlavi writings and the parts still contained in the extant Avesta.

Staota Yesnya
The Staota Yesnya (Avestan: 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬋𐬙𐬀 𐬪𐬈𐬯𐬦𐬌𐬌𐬀, romanized: staōta ẏesńiia, Sacrificial Eulogy), also known as Stod Yasn, refers to the editorial arrangement of the central liturgical texts of Zoroastrianism. It contains all Old Avestan texts like the Gathas and the Yasna Haptanghaiti and may have been the original liturgy of the early Zoroastrian community.

In the Sasanian Avesta, which is now lost, the Staota Yesnya formed the Stod Yasn nask. In the extant Avesta, it is preserved in the Yasna and Visperad manuscripts and forms the central part of the respective liturgies.
The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys
The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys is a 1987 book written by Doris Kearns Goodwin and published by Simon & Schuster. It covers two Boston Irish American families, the Kennedys and the Fitzgeralds, from John F. Fitzgerald's baptism to John Fitzgerald Kennedy's inauguration. Upon its release, the book's insightfulness and detail were generally praised by several publications. However, in 2002, The Weekly Standard determined that the book plagiarised three other books, which were subject to criticism.

John F. Fitzgerald
John Francis "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald (February 11, 1863 – October 2, 1950) was an American Democratic politician from Boston, Massachusetts. Fitzgerald served as mayor of Boston and a member of the United States House of Representatives. He also made unsuccessful runs for the United States Senate in 1916 and 1942 and governor of Massachusetts in 1922. Fitzgerald maintained a high profile in the city whether in or out of office, and his theatrical style of campaigning and charisma earned him the nickname "Honey Fitz".

He was the father of Rose Fitzgerald and maternal grandfather of her sons President John F. Kennedy, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, and Senator Ted Kennedy. In his old age, Fitzgerald helped his namesake grandson, John F. Kennedy, win his first election to Congress.
Trouble Maker (EP)
Trouble Maker (Korean: 트러블메이커) is the debut extended play by South Korean duo Trouble Maker consisting of 4Minute's Hyuna and Beast's Hyunseung.

Released on December 1, 2011, the album marks the first collaboration between the two away from their groups. The duo promoted the album extensively, including numerous performances. The song "Trouble Maker" was used to promote the EP. It was also performed at the 2012 MAMA Awards. The song won the Best Collaboration in the 14th Mnet Asian Music Awards.

MAMA Awards
The MAMA Awards (Korean: 마마 어워즈, formerly Mnet Asian Music Awards) is a major music awards ceremony presented annually by entertainment company CJ ENM. First held in South Korea, the majority of prizes have been won by K-pop artists, although there are other Asian artists winning in various award categories, such as for Best Asian Artist and other professional-related awards.

The awards ceremony was first held in Seoul in 1999, being aired on Mnet. MAMA has also been held in various Asian countries and cities outside of South Korea since 2010 and now airs internationally online beyond Asia.
Sports in California
California has 19 major professional sports franchises, far more than any other US state. The Greater Los Angeles Area has ten major league teams. The San Francisco Bay Area has five major league teams spread amongst three cities: San Francisco, San Jose and Santa Clara. As of 2025, San Diego and Sacramento each host two major league teams.

California is home to some of most successful collegiate sports teams in the country. Among the list of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships the Stanford Cardinal, UCLA Bruins, USC Trojans and California Golden Bears rank #1, #2, #3 and #10 on the list by teams with the most titles, and #1, #4, #2, and #7 by most individual titles, respectively.

It is the only U.S. state to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. Los Angeles hosted the 1932 and 1984 summer games, and will host the 2028 Summer Olympics. The 1960 Winter Olympics was held at the Squaw Valley Ski Resort in the Lake Tahoe region.

Stanford Cardinal
The Stanford Cardinal are the athletic teams that represent Stanford University. Stanford's program has won 137 NCAA team championships, the most of any university. Stanford has won at least one NCAA team championship each academic year for 49 consecutive years, starting in 1976–77 and continuing through 2024–25. Through July 2025, Stanford athletes have won 565 individual NCAA titles.

Stanford has won 26 of the 31 NACDA Directors' Cups, awarded annually to the most successful overall college sports program in the nation, including 25 consecutive Cups from 1994–95 through 2018–19. 177 Stanford-affiliated athletes have won a total of 335 Summer Olympic medals (162 gold, 93 silver, 80 bronze), including 39 medals at the 2024 Paris games.

Stanford's teams compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) for college football) level as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
2009 AFC U-19 Women's Championship
The AFC U-19 Women's Championship 2009 was the fifth edition of the AFC U-19 Women's Championship. It was held from 1 to 12 August in Wuhan, China. The top 3 teams qualified for the 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.

2007 AFC U-19 Women's Championship
The Asian Football Confederations AFC U-19 Women's Championship 2007 was the 4th edition of the AFC U-19 Women's Championship. It was held from 5 to 16 October 2007 at Chongqing in China.

North Korea defeated Japan 1–0 in the final to become champions.
Shornur Assembly constituency
Shornur State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India.  It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is P. Mammikutty of CPI(M).

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Magnús Guðmundsson
Magnús Guðmundsson (6 February 1879 – 28 November 1937) was an Icelandic politician. He graduated in laws from the University of Copenhagen in 1907. Magnus was a member of Althingi for his constituency in North west Iceland from 1916 till the day of his death in 1937. He served as prime minister of Iceland for 15 days, from 23 June to 8 July 1926 following the death of Jón Magnússon. Magnus is the shortest serving prime minister in Icelandic history. Magnus was a member of the now defunct Conservative Party (Íhaldsflokkurinn). He was the Minister of Industrial Affairs in the presiding Government of Jón Magnússon from 1924 to 1927. Prior to that he had served as Minister of Finance of Iceland from 1920 to 1922. He was a founding member of the Independence Party and served as a minister of Justice in the first government that the Independence Party participated in, from 1932 to 1934.

Jón Magnússon (politician)
Jón Magnússon (16 January 1859 – 23 June 1926) was an Icelandic politician, and was prime minister of Iceland on two occasions. He served his first term, as a member of the Home Rule Party (Heimastjórnarflokkurinn), from 4 January 1917 to 7 March 1922. He served his second term, as a member of the Conservative Party (Íhaldsflokkurinn, a forerunner of the Independence Party), from 22 March 1924 to 23 June 1926. He served as speaker of the Althing from 1913 to 1914.
Llanymynech F.C.
Llanymynech F.C. is a football club based in Llanymynech, a village on the England–Wales border, between Powys and Shropshire. The team currently plays in the Shropshire County Football League Division One, which is at the twelfth tier of the English football league system.

Shropshire County Football League
The Shropshire County Football League, currently known as the Salop Leisure Football League for sponsorship reasons, is an English football league. The league has two divisions, which stand at levels 11 and 12 of the English football league system.

Teams can be promoted from the division to either Division One of the Midland League or Division One South of the North West Counties League. However, this is not automatic and clubs are required to apply for promotion.
Imogolite
Imogolite is an aluminium silicate clay mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO3(OH)4. It occurs in soils formed from volcanic ash and was first described in 1962 for an occurrence in Uemura, Kumamoto prefecture, Kyushu Region, Japan. Its name originates from the Japanese word imogo, which refers to the brownish yellow soil derived from volcanic ash. It occurs together with allophane, quartz, cristobalite, gibbsite, vermiculite and limonite.

Imogolite consists of a network of nanotubes with an outer diameter of ca. 2 nm and an inner diameter of ca. 1 nm. The tube walls are formed by continuous Al(OH)3 (gibbsite) sheets and orthosilicate anions (O3SiOH groups). Owing to its tubular structure, natural availability, and low toxicity, imogolite has potential applications in polymer composites, fuel gas storage, absorbents, and as a catalyst support in chemical catalysis.

Gibbsite
Gibbsite, Al(OH)3, is one of the mineral forms of aluminium hydroxide. It is often designated as γ-Al(OH)3: 2  (but sometimes as α-Al(OH)3). It is also sometimes called hydrargillite (or hydrargyllite).

Gibbsite is an important ore of aluminium in that it is one of three main phases that make up the rock bauxite.

Gibbsite has three named structural polymorphs or polytypes: bayerite (designated often as α-Al(OH)3,: 2  but sometimes as β-Al(OH)3), doyleite, and nordstrandite. Gibbsite can be monoclinic or triclinic, while bayerite is monoclinic.: 13  Doyleite and nordstrandite are triclinic forms.: 13