hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Gould Dow
William Gould Dow (September 30, 1895 – October 17, 1999) was an American scientist, educator and inventor. He was a pioneer in a variety of fields, including electrical engineering, space research, computer engineering, and nuclear engineering. He helped develop life-saving radar jamming technology during World War II, and was a long-time professor at the University of Michigan.

Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
The Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) was a research institute at Ann Arbor, Michigan, founded in 1972. The institute contributed to the development of remote sensing, radar, and holography. ERIM grew out of a military and environmental research arm of the University of Michigan, the Michigan Aeronautical Research Center, later known as the  Willow Run Research Center.

A for-profit enterprise, ERIM International, split off from it in 1997. This was successively acquired by Veridian Corporation, by General Dynamics—moving to Ypsilanti—and in 2014 by MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates (MDA). Meanwhile, the remaining non-profit portion became the Altarum Institute in 2001. Part of Altarum was in 2006 merged into the Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI), conducting environmental and remote sensing research, while health systems research continues at Altarum Institute.
Cycling at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's sprint
The men's sprint or "scratch race" at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, was held from 3 to 6 December 1956. There were 18 participants representing 18 nations in competition, with one additional non-starter. Each nation was limited to one cyclist. The event was won by Michel Rousseau of France, the nation's first victory in the men's sprint since 1928 and fifth overall. Guglielmo Pesenti of Italy earned silver and Dick Ploog of Australia finished third for bronze.

Guglielmo Pesenti
Guglielmo Pesenti (18 December 1933 – 12 July 2002) was an Italian racing cyclist.

He competed for Italy at the 1956 Summer Olympics, held in Melbourne, Australia, in the individual sprint event where he finished in second place.
Meet the Stewarts
Meet the Stewarts is a 1942 American romantic comedy film directed by Alfred E. Green, which stars William Holden and Frances Dee. It was Holden's final film prior to his entering military service for World War II, and he was granted a temporary deferment in order to complete filming. The working title of the picture was Something Borrowed.

William Holden
William Franklin Holden (né Beedle; April 17, 1918 – November 12, 1981) was an American actor and one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1950s. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for the film Stalag 17 (1953) and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie  for The Blue Knight (1973).

Holden starred in some of Hollywood's most popular and critically acclaimed films, including Sunset Boulevard (1950), Sabrina (1954), Picnic (1955), The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), The Wild Bunch (1969) and Network (1976). He was named one of the "Top 10 Stars of the Year" six times (1954–1958, 1961), and appeared as 25th on the American Film Institute's list of 25 greatest male stars of Classical Hollywood cinema.
Trams in Darmstadt
The Darmstadt tram network is a tram system which is the backbone of public transport in Darmstadt, Germany. There are ten lines running on a 42 kilometres (26 mi) long network with four main routes, including an interurban route south from Eberstadt to Alsbach. As of 2019 the system served 164 stops, including 126 barrier-free stops. The system is operated by HEAG mobilo, and is an integral part of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV), the public transit authority of the Rhein-Main-Area.

Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof
Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof is the main railway station in the German city Darmstadt. After Frankfurt Hbf and Wiesbaden Hbf, it is the third largest station in the state of Hesse with 35,000 passengers and 220 trains per day.

Built in a late Art Nouveau style, the station was finished 1912 as one of the major works of architect Friedrich Pützer. The station replaced two separate and increasingly inadequate stations located at the Steubenplatz, around a km closer to the city centre in the east.
Reideen the Brave
Reideen the Brave (勇者ライディーン, Yūsha Raidīn), also known as "Brave Raideen" or "Heroic Raydeen", is a super robot anime series created by Tohokushinsha and Produced by Soeisha (later renamed as Sunrise). It aired on Nihon Educational Television (now TV Asahi) from 4 April 1975 to 26 March 1976, with a total of 50 episodes. The series is marked as the first mecha anime series to introduce and popularize the concept of Transforming Mecha, which is also tied to its marketing gimmick in the 1970s.

Two spiritual remakes based on the series were made later after the original aired: the first one titled Reideen the Superior (超者ライディーン, Chōja Raidīn) was broadcast from 1996 to 1997 on TV Tokyo, and another called Reideen was broadcast in 2007 on WOWOW.

Mecha anime and manga
Mecha, also known as giant robot or simply robot, is a genre of anime and manga that feature mecha in battle. The genre is broken down into two subcategories; "super robot", featuring super-sized, implausible robots, and "real robot", where robots are governed by realistic physics and technological limitations.

Mecha series cover a wide variety of genres, from action to comedy to drama, and the genre has expanded into other media, such as video game adaptations. Mecha has also contributed to the popularity of scale model robots.
Sunshine on My Shoulders
"Sunshine on My Shoulders" (sometimes titled simply "Sunshine") is a song recorded and co-written by American singer-songwriter John Denver. It was originally released as an album track on 1971's Poems, Prayers & Promises and later, as a single in 1973. The song went to No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the U.S. in early 1974.

Poems, Prayers & Promises
Poems, Prayers & Promises is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter John Denver, released on April 6, 1971 by RCA Records. The album was recorded in New York City, and produced by Milton Okun and Susan Ruskin.
Poems, Prayers & Promises was Denver's commercial breakthrough, and contains several of his most popular songs, such as "Poems, Prayers and Promises", "My Sweet Lady", "I Guess He'd Rather Be in Colorado", "Sunshine on My Shoulders", and "Take Me Home, Country Roads", which would become one of Denver's signature songs. "The Box", which concludes the album, is a poem by Kendrew Lascelles illustrating the futility of war.

The album peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200.
Armenians in Poland
Armenians in Poland (Armenian: Հայերը Լեհաստանում, romanized: Hayery Lehastanum; Polish: Ormianie w Polsce) are one of nine legally recognized national minorities in Poland, their historical presence is going back to the Middle Ages. According to the Polish census of 2021 there are 6,772 ethnic Armenians in Poland. They are spread throughout the country, having largely assimilated while preserving a long-standing tradition of settlement.

Lysets
Lysets (Ukrainian: Лисець; Polish: Łysiec) is a rural settlement in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine, located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the administrative center of the oblast, Ivano-Frankivsk. It hosts the administration of Lysets settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,910 (2022 estimate).
Clemson, South Carolina
Clemson (/ˈklɛmpsən, ˈklɛmzən/[note a]) is a city in Pickens and Anderson counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. Clemson is adjacent to Clemson University, and is identified with it. In 2015, the Princeton Review cited the town of Clemson as ranking #1 in the United States for "town-and-gown" relations with its resident university. The population of the city was 17,681 at the 2020 census.

Clemson is part of the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area.

Anderson County, South Carolina
Anderson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 203,718. Its county seat is Anderson. Named for Revolutionary War leader Robert Anderson, the county is located in northwestern South Carolina, along the state line of Georgia. The county is included in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC metropolitan statistical area. Anderson County contains 55,950-acre (22,640 ha) Lake Hartwell, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers lake with nearly 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of shoreline for residential and recreational use. The area is a growing industrial, commercial, and tourist center. It is the home of Anderson University, a private, selective comprehensive university with about 4,000 undergraduate and graduate students.
Vadheim
Vadheim is a village in Høyanger Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the north shore of the Sognefjorden, along the small Vadheimsfjorden branch. The European route E39 highway runs through the village.  t is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of the village of Lavik, about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) northwest of the village of Kyrkjebø, and about 13.5 kilometres (8.4 mi) northwest of the village of Austreim.

The 0.37-square-kilometre (91-acre) village had a population (2018) of 246 and a population density of 665 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,720/sq mi). Since 2018, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

Sognefjord
The Sognefjord or Sognefjorden (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsɔ̂ŋnəˌfjuːɳ], English: Sogn Fjord), nicknamed the King of the Fjords (Norwegian: Fjordenes konge), is the longest and deepest fjord in Norway. Located in Vestland county in Western Norway, it stretches 205 kilometres (127 mi) inland from the ocean to the small village of Skjolden in Luster Municipality.

The fjord gives its name to the surrounding district of Sogn. The name is related to Norwegian word súg- "to suck",  presumably from the surge or suction of the tidal currents at the mouth of the fjord.
2011 Baden-Württemberg state election
The 2011 Baden-Württemberg state election was held on 27 March 2011 to elect the members of the 14th Landtag of Baden-Württemberg. The incumbent coalition government of the Christian Democratic Union and Free Democratic Party led by Minister-President Stefan Mappus lost its majority. The Greens achieved their best result in a state election up to this point at 24%, and became the second largest party in the Landtag. They subsequently formed a coalition with the Social Democratic Party (SPD), and Greens leader Winfried Kretschmann was elected Minister-President. He became the first Green politician to serve as a state head of government in Germany.

Landtag of Baden-Württemberg
The Landtag of Baden-Württemberg is the diet of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It convenes in Stuttgart and currently consists of 154 members of five political parties. The majority before the 2021 election was a coalition of the Alliance 90/The Greens and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), supporting the cabinet of Green Minister-President Winfried Kretschmann, who has served since 2011.
Lynden Pindling International Airport
Lynden Pindling International Airport (IATA: NAS, ICAO: MYNN), formerly known as Nassau International Airport, is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a hub for Bahamasair, Western Air, Flamingo Air, Southern Air Charter and Pineapple Air. The airport is located in western New Providence island near the capital city of Nassau. The airport is named after Lynden Pindling, 
the first prime minister of the Bahamas.

Flamingo Air
Flamingo Air is a small airline in the Bahamas. Its base of operations is the Grand Bahama International Airport in Freeport. It also has offices in Marsh Harbour Abaco Airport, in Bimini International Airport, and in the Lynden Pindling International Airport, Nassau.   It provides scheduled service to several islands, as well as Air Charter service to the Bahamas and south Florida.

Another airline that was based in the Bahamas with a similar name was Flamingo Airlines which operated scheduled passenger service during the early 1970s with British Aircraft Corporation BAC One-Eleven jet aircraft, Convair 340, Lockheed L-188, and Douglas DC-3 prop aircraft from its base in Nassau.
Ebenezer Brigham
Ebenezer Brigham (April 28, 1789 – September 14, 1861) was a 19th-century American pioneer, businessman, and politician. He was one of the first Americans to explore southwestern Wisconsin and the first permanent settler in present-day Dane County, Wisconsin. A militia officer during the Black Hawk War, he served as commander of Fort Blue Mounds (or Mound Fort) and was active in both the Wisconsin territorial council, and the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1840s and 1850s.

Blue Mounds, Wisconsin
Blue Mounds is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 950. The village is adjacent to the Town of Blue Mounds, and is part of the Madison metropolitan area.

Blue Mounds was named by French missionaries for the blueish hue of three nearby mounds.
Zhansugirov
Zhansugirov (Kazakh: Жансүгіров, romanized: Jansügırov) is a village in Aksu District, Jetisu Region, Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of the district. The population as of the 2009 Census was 8,288.

The town was named after one of the leading names in Kazakh literature, Ilyas Zhansugurov.

Ilyas Zhansugurov
Ilyas Zhansugurov (Kazakh: Ілияс Жансүгіров, Ilias Jansügırov; 1 May 1894 — 26 February 1938) was a Kazakh poet and writer. He made a significant contribution to the development of national poetic culture, creatively developed the traditions of Kazakh oral folk art. The town of Zhansugirov in Almaty Province is named after him and he is commemorated in Taldykorgan and Almaty.

A friend of another classic writer Mukhtar Auezov, Zhansugurov was the First President of the Writers' Union of Kazakhstan from 1934 to 1936. He wrote the novel Comrades (1933), targeted against the Soviet power, but also wrote loving poems such as The Steppe (1930) and Kulager (1936). He was repressed in 1937, as his writing was seen as a fuel for Kazakh nationalism, and shot on 26 February 1938.

The I. Zhansugurov Literary Museum is a center dedicated to the study of his work.
Zakrzów, Sandomierz County
Zakrzów [ˈzakʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klimontów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Klimontów, 21 km (13 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 64 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Klimontów
Gmina Klimontów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Klimontów, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) west of Sandomierz and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 99.24 square kilometres (38.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,628 (8,432 in 2013).
Manuel Puig
Juan Manuel Puig Delledonne (December 28, 1932 – July 22, 1990), commonly called Manuel Puig, was an Argentine author and LGBTQ activist. Among his best-known novels are La traición de Rita Hayworth (Betrayed by Rita Hayworth, 1968), Boquitas pintadas (Heartbreak Tango, 1969), and El beso de la mujer araña (Kiss of the Spider Woman, 1976) which was adapted into the film released in 1985, directed by the Argentine-Brazilian director Héctor Babenco; and a Broadway musical in 1993.

Kiss of the Spider Woman (musical)
Kiss of the Spider Woman is a musical with music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb, and a book by Terrence McNally. It is based on the 1976 novel by Manuel Puig. Directed by Harold Prince, the musical had runs in Toronto (1992), the West End (1992-93), and Broadway (1993). It won the 1993 Tony Award for Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical, and Best Original Score, as well as acting awards for all three principals in the cast.

A film adaptation starring and co-executive produced by Jennifer Lopez and written and directed by Bill Condon premiered at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival on January 26, 2025.
Lithuanian People's Army
The Lithuanian People's Army (Lithuanian: Lietuvos liaudies kariuomenė) were short-lived armed forces of Lithuania and the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic following the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940. The army was formed by the Act of 3 July 1940 of the People's Government of Lithuania and replaced the Lithuanian Armed Forces of independent Lithuania. According to data from 1 June 1940, the army had 28,115 persons – 26,084 soldiers (of which 1,728 were officers), 2,031 civil servants, and with the announcement of the mobilization it was possible to call 120,400 reserve troops.

The army existed until 30 August 1940 before being transformed into the 29th Rifle Corps of the Red Army. Many Lithuanian soldiers and officers were repressed by arrests or executions for their anti-Soviet attitude.

Stasys Pundzevičius
Stasys Pundzevičius (2 September 1893 – 20 October 1980) was a Lithuanian division general and lecturer. He held high-ranking military positions in the interwar Lithuania: Chief of the Lithuanian Air Force, Chief of the General Staff, multiple times temporarily was the Chief of the Lithuanian Armed Forces, and was assigned Chief of the Lithuanian Armed Forces by the Provisional Government of Lithuania during the June Uprising in Lithuania.
The Command (1954 film)
The Command is a 1954 American CinemaScope Western film directed by David Butler. It stars Guy Madison and James Whitmore. It was based on the novel Rear Guard by James Warner Bellah and features a screenplay by Sam Fuller.

James Warner Bellah
James Warner Bellah (September 14, 1899 – September 22, 1976) was an American 
Western author from the 1930s to the 1950s.  His pulp-fiction writings on cavalry and Indians were published in paperbacks or serialized in the Saturday Evening Post.

Bellah was the author of 19 novels, including The Valiant Virginian (the inspiration for the 1961 NBC television series The Americans), and Blood River. Some of his short stories were turned into films by John Ford, including Fort Apache, She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, and Rio Grande.  With Willis Goldbeck he wrote the screenplays for Sergeant Rutledge (1960) and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962).
Curtis Island (Tasmania)
Curtis Island is a granite island, with an area of 150 ha, in south-eastern Australia.  It is part of Tasmania’s Curtis Group, lying in northern Bass Strait between the Furneaux Group and Wilsons Promontory in Victoria.  It is a nature reserve and has been identified as an Important Bird Area because it supports up to 390,000 breeding pairs of short-tailed shearwaters or Tasmanian muttonbirds.

It was named by lieutenant James Grant, sailing on the Lady Nelson, after Sir Roger Curtis, British governor of  the Cape of Good Hope, in December 1800.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
Florence Is Crazy
Florence Is Crazy (French: Florence est folle) is a 1944 French comedy film directed by Georges Lacombe and starring Annie Ducaux, André Luguet and Pierre Palau. It was shot at the Saint-Maurice Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Lucien Carré.

Lucien Carré
Lucien Carré (born 1904) was a French art director active in the French cinema designing film sets from the late 1920s to the late 1950s. He worked frequently with the director André Hunebelle as well as Julien Duvivier and Anatole Litvak.
Pablo Lemus Navarro
Jesús Pablo Lemus Navarro (born 18 July 1969) is a Mexican politician, businessman and communicator. He was president of the Employers' Confederation of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX) of Jalisco, general director of Credicampo and, from 2015 to 2021, mayor of Zapopan in Jalisco. From 2021 to 2023, he was municipal president of Guadalajara. He is the governor of Jalisco for the Citizens' Movement (MC), having been elected in the 2024 elections.

Zapopan
Zapopan (Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [saˈpopan]) is a city and municipality located in the Mexican state of Jalisco. It is part of the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area. Zapopan is the most populous municipality in the state of Jalisco.

Zapopan is notable for the Basilica of Our Lady of Zapopan, which houses a 16th-century image of the Virgin Mary. The statue has been recognized by various popes and was visited by Pope John Paul II. The municipality is also home to the Centro Cultural Universitario as well as the Estadio Akron, C.D. Guadalajara's official stadium.

The name Zapopan means "among the sapote trees". It derives from the Nahuatl word tzapotl "sapote" with the addition of the locative suffix -pan. The municipality was historically known as 'ex Villa Maicera' (former corn village) due to its past prominence in corn production. The municipal seal, designed by José Trinidad Laris in 1941, commemorates the 400th anniversary of Zapopan's founding.
Eyreton Branch
The Eyreton Branch was a branch line railway that formed part of New Zealand's national rail network.  Located in the Canterbury region of the South Island, it left the Main North Line in Kaiapoi and was built a mere ten kilometres south of the Oxford Branch. It opened in 1875 and operated until 1954, except for the first portion, which remained open until 1965.

Despite the implication of the branch's name, it passed north of Eyreton, though its original terminus was located in West Eyreton.

Kaiapoi
Kaiapoi is a town in the Waimakariri District of the Canterbury region, in the South Island of New Zealand. The town is located approximately 17 kilometres north of central Christchurch, close to the mouth of the Waimakariri River. It is considered a satellite town of Christchurch and is part of the Christchurch functional urban area. The town is named after the nearby Kaiapoi Pā.

Kaiapoi suffered extensive damage in the 2010 Canterbury and also the February 2011 Christchurch earthquakes, which rendered many homes uninhabitable and businesses inoperable. Large areas were condemned as part of a residential red zone covering uninhabitable areas.
Foster, Oregon
Foster is an unincorporated community partly within the city of Sweet Home in Linn County, Oregon. It is located on the western end of the Foster Reservoir. A post office named Foster serves ZIP code 97345, which serves areas beyond the Sweet Home city limits on both the north and south sides of Foster Lake: on the north side, the area extends along the Middle Santiam River to the west end of Green Peter Lake; on the south, the area extends for several miles along the South Santiam River and U.S. Route 20.

Linn County, Oregon
Linn County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2023 census population estimates, the population was 131,496. The county seat is Albany. The county is named in the honor of Lewis F. Linn, a U.S. Senator from Missouri who advocated the American settlement of the Oregon Country. Linn County comprises the Albany, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Willamette Valley. In 2010, the center of population of Oregon was located in Linn County, near the city of Lyons.