hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rat Defense, English Rat
The Rat Defense, English Rat is an irregular Queen's Pawn Game chess opening characterized by the initial moves:

1. d4 d6

2. c4 e5

The position can also arise from an English Opening move order 1.c4 d6 2.d4 e5. Another possible move order can be reached via the Englund Gambit: 1.d4 e5 2.c4 d6.

The English Rat has been played by top players such as Levon Aronian, Viswanathan Anand, Peter Svidler, Richárd Rapport, and Ilia Smirin.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Rana Pratap Kalita
Lieutenant General Rana Pratap Kalita, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM is a former general officer in the Indian Army. He served as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of the Indian Army's Eastern Command. He previously commanded the III Corps at Dimapur.

General officer commanding
General officer commanding (GOC) is the usual title given in the armies of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries (and some other nations, such as Ireland) to a general officer who holds a command appointment.

Thus, a general might be the GOC British II Corps (a three-star appointment) or GOC British 7th Armoured Division (a two-star appointment).
Raghunathrao Shankarrao Gandekar
Raja Sir Raghunathrao Shankarrao Gandekar  (also known as Babasaheb Pandit Pant Sachiv) KCIE, KGSJM, KECM, KGCM, DD (20 September 1878 – 27 August 1951)  was the 11th ruler of the princely state of Bhor of British Raj during the reign (1922–1951). During his reign, he implemented many reforms such as abolition of untouchability, freedom of association and introduction of representative government. He signed the accession to the Indian Union on 8 March 1948 which ended the separate existence of Bhor state.

Delhi Durbar Medal (1903)
Delhi Durbar Medals were instituted by the United Kingdom to commemorate the Delhi Durbar where the new Emperor of India was proclaimed, in 1903 for Edward VII, and in 1911 for George V. On both occasions the medals were one and a half inches in diameter and were awarded in both gold and silver. They were worn in date order alongside Coronation and Jubilee medals on the left chest, suspended from a ribbon one and a quarter inches wide. These Royal commemorative medals were worn before campaign medals until November 1918, after which the order of wear was changed, with them now worn after campaign medals and before long service awards.
Abolhassan Banisadr
Abolhassan Banisadr (Persian: ابوالحسن بنی‌صدر; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian politician, writer, and political dissident. He was the first president of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolished the monarchy, serving from February 1980 until his impeachment by parliament in June 1981. Before his presidency, he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Interim Government of Iran.

Following his impeachment, Banisadr fled Iran and found political asylum in France, where he co-founded the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Banisadr later focused on political writings about his revolutionary activities and his critiques of the Iranian government. He became a critic of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and the country's handling of its 2009 elections.

Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران, romanized: Majles-e Shurâ-ye Eslâmi Iran), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.
Prabhu Helicopter
Prabhu Helicopter is a helicopter airline based at Pokhara International Airport in Pokhara, Nepal, operating chartered helicopter services. The company was established in 2015 under the Air Operators Certificate issued by the Government of Nepal as a subsidiary of the Prabhu Group. The Company carries domestic chartered helicopter flights throughout Nepal out and Rescue Missions. It is currently banned from flying in the EU.

Prabhu Bank
Prabhu Bank Limited is a commercial bank in Nepal. The bank is an 'A' class commercial bank licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank and has branches all across the nation with its head office in Kathmandu which provides entire commercial banking services.

The bank's shares are publicly traded as an 'A' category company in the Nepal Stock Exchange.
Gronsdorf station
Gronsdorf station (German: Haltepunkt Gronsdorf) is a railway station in the municipality of Haar, located in the Munich district in Bavaria, Germany.

The Gronsdorf stop, located on the city border between Munich and the municipality of Haar, was subsequently established on 1 May 1897. It is located between the Munich district of Waldtrudering and the Haar settlement of Gronsdorf, after which it is named. The stop has an island platform that can be reached via an underpass. Since 1972 only S-Bahn trains stop in Gronsdorf.

Haar, Bavaria
Haar (German pronunciation: [ˈhaːɐ̯] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 12 km east of Munich (centre). As of 2023, it had a population of more than 23,000.

It is home to the Haar Disciples, a team in the first division of German's Baseball Bundesliga. In October 2017, the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office were relocated to Haar.
Snowdrop (game engine)
Snowdrop (also known as Ubisoft Snowdrop) is a proprietary game engine created by Massive Entertainment and Ubisoft for use on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, Nintendo Switch, Nintendo Switch 2, Stadia, and Luna. It was revealed at E3 2013 with Tom Clancy's The Division, the first game using the engine. Snowdrop is one of the primary game engines used by Ubisoft along with Disrupt, Dunia, and Ubisoft Anvil.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
Pauls Valley Raiders
The Pauls Valley Raiders were a minor league baseball team based in Pauls Valley, Oklahoma. From 1948 to 1954, the Valley Raiders played exclusively as members of the Class D level Sooner State League, winning the 1949 pennant. The Raiders hosted home games at Wacker Park. The Pauls Valley Raiders were a minor league affiliate of the New York Giants in 1952 and 1953.

Shawnee Hawks
The Shawnee Hawks were a minor league baseball team that played in the Sooner State League. The team began as an unaffiliated team based in Duncan, Oklahoma in 1947. The original team was named the Duncan Cementers.

After two seasons, the team name was changed to the Duncan Uttmen in 1949 and then in 1950 the team moved to Shawnee, Oklahoma and became the Hawks. They continued to operate until the Sooner State League folded after the 1957 season.

The Hawks were affiliated with the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1953–1957.
Meat-Shaped Stone
The Meat-Shaped Stone (Chinese: 肉形石; pinyin: ròuxíngshí) is a piece of jasper carved into the shape of a piece of Dongpo pork, a Chinese way of cooking pork belly. After the retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan, it is in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, Taiwan.

The Meat-Shaped Stone, along with the Jadeite Cabbage and the Mao Gong Ding, is called one of the Three Treasures of the National Palace Museum. It has also been chosen by the public as the most important item in the museum's entire collection.

Jasper
Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases, is an opaque, impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to iron(III) inclusions. Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as a gemstone. It can be highly polished and is used for items such as vases, seals, and snuff boxes. The density of jasper is typically 2.5 to 2.9 g/cm3. Jaspillite is a banded-iron-formation rock that often has distinctive bands of jasper.
Myosotis lyallii
Myosotis lyallii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1853. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate or partially-bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

Joseph Dalton Hooker
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For 20 years he served as director of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, succeeding his father, William Jackson Hooker, and was awarded the highest honours of British science.
International Research Center for Traditional Polyphony
The International Research Center for Traditional Polyphony (IRCTP or Polyphonic Center) is an academic organization focused on the study of the phenomenon of traditional vocal polyphony. It is a part of Tbilisi Vano Sarajishvili State Conservatory. Establishment of IRCTP was announced during the First International Symposium of Traditional Polyphony in 2002, and it was logistically established by the order of the Rector of Tbilisi State Conservatory in February 2003. Its director is Rusudan Tsurtsumia. The head of its International Bureau is Joseph Jordania. Central activity of the Polyphonic Center is organizing biannual symposia, with subsequent publication of the presented papers, fostering dissemination of the knowledge on human musical cultures and establishing close professional contacts between ethnomusicologists interested in study of the phenomenon of traditional choral singing.

Academic conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more disciplines.

The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century.
Laëticia Bapté
Laëticia Bapté (born 8 February 1999) is a French track and field athlete. She is a multiple-time national champion in the 60m hurdles. She has competed for France in multiple major championships, including the 100 metres hurdles at the 2024 Olympic Games.

100 metres hurdles
The 100 metres hurdles, or 100-meter hurdles, is a track and field event run mainly by women (the male counterpart is the 110 metres hurdles). For the race, ten hurdles of a height of 83.8 centimetres (33 in) are placed along a straight course of 100 metres (109.36 yd). The first hurdle is placed after a run-up of 13 metres from the starting line. The next 9 hurdles are set at a distance of 8.5 metres from each other, and the home stretch from the last hurdle to the finish line is 10.5 metres long. The hurdles are set up so that they will fall over if bumped into by the runner, but weighted so this is disadvantageous. Fallen hurdles do not count against runners provided that they do not run into them on purpose. Like the 100 metres sprint, the 100 m hurdles begins with athletes in starting blocks.

The fastest 100 m hurdlers run the distance in well under 13 seconds. The world record set by Tobi Amusan stands at 12.12 seconds.
Quartier international de Montréal
The Quartier international de Montréal (French pronunciation: [kaʁtje ɛ̃tɛʁnɑsjɔnal də mɔ̃ʁeal]; QIM) or Montreal's International District is a district of the Ville-Marie borough in the city's downtown core of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is roughly bordered by René Lévesque Boulevard to the north, Notre-Dame Street to the south, De Bleury/Saint-Pierre Street to the east and Robert Bourassa Boulevard to the west. The Palais des congrès building lying just east of the district is also usually comprised in it. Constructed dispersedly between 1965 and 1985 in place of older colonial housing blocks, the district underwent major urban renewal as a central business district in 2000–2003.

Robert-Bourassa Boulevard — University Street
Robert Bourassa Boulevard, formerly named University Street (excluding a substantial preserved section), is a major north-south artery in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, that is 2.1 km (1.3 mi) in total length.

Robert Bourassa Boulevard runs 1.2 km (0.75 mi) from the foot of the Bonaventure Expressway (and the start of Quebec Autoroute 10) to where it intersects with Sherbrooke Street. A substantial  0.9 km (0.56 mi) portion of the road retains the name University Street, and runs from McGill University to the former Royal Victoria Hospital complex, where the road ends.
Nathan Delfouneso
Nathan Abayomi Delfouneso (born 2 February 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker.

Having graduated from Aston Villa's academy Delfouneso broke into their first team in 2008, mainly being an impact substitute over the next few years, he scored 9 goals in 52 appearances, including two goals in the club's 2008-09 UEFA Cup campaign. Delfouneso had a series of loan moves to Football League Championship sides while at Aston Villa, followed by permanent spells at Blackpool, Blackburn Rovers and Swindon Town. He signed for Blackpool for a fourth time in 2017.

Delfouneso was a regular England youth international, playing a total of 54 matches and scoring 19 goals at U16, U17, U19 and U21 levels.

England national under-19 football team
England national under-19 football team, also known as England under-19s or England U19(s), represents England in association football at under-19 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England. Primarily, it competes to qualify for the annual UEFA European Under-19 Championship.
Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky
Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky (Russian: Михаил Иванович Туган-Барановский; Ukrainian: Михайло Іванович Туган-Барановський, romanized: Mykhailo Ivanovych Tuhan-Baranovskyi; January 20, 1865 - January 21, 1919) was a Russian and Ukrainian Marxist, economist, and politician.

He was a leading exponent of Legal Marxism in the Russian Empire and was the author of numerous works dealing with the theory of value, the distribution of a social revenue, history of managerial development, and fundamentals of cooperative managerial activities.

After the Russian Revolution, he was a founder of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and one of the earliest Ukrainian ministers of finances in Volodymyr Vynnychenko's General Secretariat of the Central Council of Ukraine.

General Secretariat of Ukraine
The General Secretariat of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Генеральний секретаріат УЦР—УНР, romanized: Heneralnyi sekretariat UTsR–UNR) was the autonomous Ukrainian executive government of the Russian Republic from June 28, 1917, to January 22, 1918. For most of its existence it was headed by Volodymyr Vynnychenko.

The secretariat was created after the Central Council of Ukraine accepted a proposal of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries. According to the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, this event took place five days after the proclamation of the 1st Universal of the Central Council of Ukraine, however many contemporary historians have other opinions in that regard. The initial composition of the secretariat included eight General Secretaries (ministers) and one General Scribe (secretary).
Mark L. Donald
Mark L. Donald (born 1967) is a retired United States Navy SEAL, hospital corpsman, and physician assistant who served in the United States Navy.  Donald is one of the few American warriors to have earned three high-level combat valor medals for displaying the highest levels of battlefield heroism on more than one occasion. Donald, a recipient of the Navy Cross and Silver Star awards in support of Operation Enduring Freedom during the fall of 2003 and the Bronze Star with V device denoting combat heroism for Operation Iraqi Freedom during the spring of 2003, is one of the most decorated heroes of the war on terror.

United States Navy SEALs
The United States Navy Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) Teams, commonly known as Navy SEALs, are the United States Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the United States Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEAL's main functions are conducting small-unit special operation missions in maritime, jungle, urban, arctic, mountainous, and desert environments. SEALs are typically ordered to capture or kill high-level targets, or to gather intelligence behind enemy lines.

SEAL team personnel are hand-selected, highly trained, and highly proficient in unconventional warfare (UW), direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydrographic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces. All active SEALs are members of the U.S. Navy.
Swinburne Senior Secondary College
Swinburne Senior Secondary College is a co-educational government secondary college located at 505 Burwood Road, Hawthorn Victoria 3122 which caters for Years 11 and 12 students. The College offers Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE), Vocational Education and Training (VET) and Victorian Certificate of Education Vocational Major (VCEVM).

Victorian Certificate of Education
The Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) is the credential available to secondary school students who successfully complete year 10, 11 and 12 in the Australian state of Victoria as well as in some international schools in China, Malaysia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam.

Study for the VCE is usually completed over three years, but can be spread over a longer period in some cases.

The VCE was established as a pilot project in 1987. The earlier Higher School Certificate (HSC) was abolished in Victoria, Australia in 1992.

Delivery of the VCE Vocational Major, an "applied learning" program within the VCE, began in 2023.
Andreas Scheibenstock
Andreas Scheibenstock was a French footballer who played initially as a goalkeeper and later as a defender for Stade Helvétique de Marseille and CA Paris in the early 1910s. His brothers René, Charley, and Henri are also footballers.

Stade Helvétique de Marseille
Stade Helvétique de Marseille, commonly abbreviated to Stade Helvétique or SH Marseille, was a French football club founded on 22 July 1904 under the name of La Suisse. On 19 July 1907 the club was renamed to the Stade Helvétique de Marseille. The club was dissolved in 1932 due to the Wall Street crash.
Fordham, Bronx
Fordham is a neighborhood located in the western Bronx, New York City. Fordham is roughly bordered by East 196th Street to the north, the Harlem River to the west, Fordham Road to the south, and Southern Boulevard to the east. The neighborhood's primary thoroughfares are Fordham Road and Grand Concourse.

Fordham is located within Bronx Community Board 5 and Bronx Community Board 7, and its ZIP Codes include 10453, 10457, 10458 and 10468. Its main subway line is the IND Concourse Line (B and ​D trains), operating under the Grand Concourse, with the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (4 train) on its western border.  The area is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 46th Precinct. New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx. The neighborhood is home to the original, Rose Hill campus of Fordham University.

IRT Jerome Avenue Line
The IRT Jerome Avenue Line, also unofficially known as the IRT Woodlawn Line, is an A Division New York City Subway line mostly along Jerome Avenue in the Bronx. Originally an Interborough Rapid Transit Company-operated route, it was built as part of the Dual Contracts expansion and opened in 1917 and 1918. It is both elevated and underground, with 161st Street–Yankee Stadium being the southernmost elevated station. The line has three tracks from south of the Woodlawn station to the 138th Street–Grand Concourse station. The Woodlawn Line also has a connection to the Jerome Yard, where 4 trains are stored, just north of the Bedford Park Boulevard–Lehman College station.
2000–01 Maltese Second Division
The 2000–01 Maltese Second Division (known as Rothmans Second Division 2000-01 due to sponsorship reasons) started on 16 September 2000 and ended on 14 May 2000. In this season the number of participants was dropped from 13 to 12. Gzira United and Zebbug Rangers were relegated from the First Division, while Balzan Youths and Luqa St. Andrews were promoted from the Third. The league was won by Mqabba and Balzan Youths finished as runners-up. Both were promoted to the 2001–02 Maltese First Division. This were two straight promotions for Balzan Youths. Santa Lucia and Siggiewi were relegated to the Maltese Third Division.

Maltese Challenge League
The Maltese Challenge League (referred to as the BOV Challenge League for sponsorship reasons) is the second-highest division in Maltese football, behind the Maltese Premier League. The First Division was the precursor of the present Premier League until the latter was revamped for the 1980–81 season with the Maltese Challenge League instituted for the 2020–21 season following the premature end of the previous season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Space group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219 distinct types, or 230 types if chiral copies are considered distinct. Space groups are discrete cocompact groups of isometries of an oriented Euclidean space in any number of dimensions. In dimensions other than 3, they are sometimes called Bieberbach groups.

In crystallography, space groups are also called the crystallographic or Fedorov groups, and represent a description of the symmetry of the crystal. A definitive source regarding 3-dimensional space groups is the International Tables for Crystallography Hahn (2002).

Chirality (mathematics)
In geometry, a figure is chiral (and said to have chirality) if it is not identical to its mirror image, or, more precisely, if it cannot be mapped to its mirror image by rotations and translations alone. An object that is not chiral is said to be achiral.

A chiral object and its mirror image are said to be enantiomorphs. The word chirality is derived from the Greek χείρ (cheir), the hand, the most familiar chiral object; the word enantiomorph stems from the Greek ἐναντίος (enantios) 'opposite' + μορφή (morphe) 'form'.