hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Juan Joseph
Juan Joseph (August 26, 1987 – November 16, 2014) was an American football quarterback. He played college football for the Millsaps Majors. He was signed by the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL) as an undrafted free agent in 2009. Joseph was also a member of the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the CFL and the Lafayette Wildcatters of the Southern Indoor Football League (SIFL).

Southern Indoor Football League
The Southern Indoor Football League (SIFL) was an indoor football league based in the Southern and Eastern United States. The most recent incarnation of the league was a consolidation of an earlier league of the same name that was formed by Thom Hager along with Dan Blum, Robert Winfrey and Dan Ryan in 2009 and the American Indoor Football Association, which traces its roots to the founding of the Atlantic Indoor Football League in 2005. The SIFL broke up into three regional leagues after the 2011 season.
Thomas Szewczykowski
Thomas Szewczykowski (February 14, 1881 – April 14, 1947) was a moulder and saloonkeeper from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who served one term as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Milwaukee County.

Bar (establishment)
A bar, also known as a saloon, a tavern or tippling house, or sometimes as a pub or club, is a retail business that serves alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, liquor, cocktails, and other beverages such as mineral water and soft drinks. Bars often also sell snack foods, such as chips (crisps) or peanuts, for consumption on their premises. Some types of bars, such as pubs, may also serve food from a restaurant menu. The term "bar" refers both to the countertop where drinks are prepared and served and also by extension to the entirety of the establishment in which the bar is located.

The term derives from the metal or wooden bar (barrier) that is often located along the length of the "bar". Over many years, heights of bars were lowered, and high stools added, and the brass bar remains today.
Hero of Uzbekistan
Hero of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston qahramoni, Cyrillic Ўзбекистон қаҳрамони) is the highest national award in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is awarded to citizens of Uzbekistan and non-citizens for merit to the country. The title "Hero of Uzbekistan" and the medal that comes with it, Oltin Yulduz ("Gold Star") are awarded by the President of Uzbekistan. The parliament of Uzbekistan first created the law establishing the award on 5 May 1994, and since then more than 50 people have received it.

Oliy Majlis
The Oliy Majlis (Uzbek pronunciation: [ɔˈli mɐdʒˈlɪs]) is the parliament of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It succeeded the Supreme Council in 1995, and was unicameral until a reform implemented in January 2005 created a second chamber. The current fifth parliament was first convened on 27 October 2024.

The Legislative Chamber has 150 deputies elected from territorial constituencies. The Senate has 100 members: 84 elected from the regions of Uzbekistan, and 16 nominated by the President of Uzbekistan.

Both houses have five-year terms.
David Morrison
Lieutenant General David Lindsay Morrison AO (born 24 May 1956) is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. He served as Chief of Army from June 2011 until his retirement in May 2015. He was named Australian of the Year for 2016.

Chief of Army (Australia)
The Chief of Army is the most senior appointment in the Australian Army, responsible to both the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) and the Secretary, Department of Defence (SECDEF). The rank associated with the position is lieutenant general (3-star).

Lieutenant General Simon Stuart, the incumbent Chief of Army, has held the post since 2 July 2022.
Maria Mose Vestergaard
Maria Mose Vestergaard (born 21 May 1995) is a Danish handball player for HH Elite.

She was part of the Team Esbjerg side that won the 2015-16 Damehåndboldligaen, the first national championship in club history.

2015–16 Damehåndboldligaen
The 2015–16 Damehåndboldligaen (known as the Primo Tours Ligaen for sponsorship reasons) was the 80th season of the Damehåndboldligaen, Denmark's premier Handball league. The reigning champions were FC Midtjylland.

Team Esbjerg won the title, when they beat FC Midtjylland in the final. This was the first time Esbjerg won the Danish Championship. SønderjyskE Håndbold were relegated, as they finished last in the regular season.
Kane quantum computer
The Kane quantum computer is a proposal for a scalable quantum computer proposed by Bruce Kane in 1998, who was then at the University of New South Wales. Often thought of as a hybrid between quantum dot and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computers, the Kane computer is based on an array of individual phosphorus donor atoms embedded in a pure silicon lattice. Both the nuclear spins of the donors and the spins of the donor electrons participate in the computation.

Unlike many quantum computation schemes, the Kane quantum computer is in principle scalable to an arbitrary number of qubits. This is possible because qubits may be individually addressed by electrical means.

Qubit
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information; a binary qudit – the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two spin states (left-handed and the right-handed circular polarization) can also be measured as horizontal and vertical linear polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of multiple states simultaneously, a property that is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.
Adabar Thana
Adabar Thana is an administrative and geographic unit of Dhaka North City Corporation under the jurisdiction of Dhaka District in Bangladesh. The area is located on the bank of Buriganga river and situated in the western part of Dhaka City. To the north, there is Darus Salam Thana, to the northern east, there is Sher-e-Bangla Nagar Thana, to the east and south, there is Mohammadpur Thana and to the west, there is Buriganga river and Savar Upazila. The Thana came into existence on 27 June in 2007 by splitting up Mohammadpur Thana. The area has 798 acres of land, which is 3.23 square kilometers.

Sher-e-Bangla Nagar
Sher-e-Bangla Nagar (Bengali: শেরেবাংলা নগর; lit. City of the Lion of Bengal) is a neighborhood and a thana of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It is also known as the 'capitol within the capital' due to it being the home to the National Parliament and Ganabhaban. The thana was formed in 2009 from parts of Tejgaon, Kafrul and Mohammadpur thanas. Sher-e-Bangla Nagar is a commercial and central neighborhood in the city, home to offices of government and public institutions, educational institutions, banks and financial institutions and shops.
The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" is a 1957 folk song written by British political singer-songwriter Ewan MacColl for Peggy Seeger, who later became his third wife. At that time, MacColl was still married to his second wife, Jean Newlove. During the 1960s, it was recorded by various folk-pop singers, including the Kingston Trio, We Five, The Chad Mitchell Trio, Gordon Lightfoot, and Peter, Paul and Mary. It became a major international hit for Roberta Flack in 1972, winning Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. Billboard ranked it as the number-one Hot 100 single of the year for 1972.

Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1972
This is a list of Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of 1972. The Top 100, as revealed in the year-end edition of Billboard dated December 30, 1972, is based on Hot 100 charts from the issue dates of December 4, 1971 through November 18, 1972.
Whiley (programming language)
Whiley is an experimental programming language that combines features from the functional and imperative programming paradigms, and supports formal specification through function preconditions, postconditions and loop invariants. The language uses flow-sensitive typing also termed flow typing.

The Whiley project began in 2009 in response to the "Verifying Compiler Grand Challenge" put forward by Tony Hoare in 2003. The first public release of Whiley was in June, 2010.

Developed by David Pearce mainly, Whiley is an open source project with contributions from a small community. The system has been used for student research projects and in teaching undergraduate classes. It was supported from 2012–2014 by the Royal Society of New Zealand's Marsden Fund.

The Whiley compiler generates code for the Java virtual machine (JVM) and can interoperate with Java and other JVM-based languages.

Postcondition
In computer programming, a postcondition is a condition or predicate that must always be true just after the execution of some section of code or after an operation in a formal specification. Postconditions are sometimes tested using assertions within the code itself. Often, postconditions are simply included in the documentation of the affected section of code.

For example: The result of a factorial is always an integer and greater than or equal to 1. So a program that calculates the factorial of an input number would have postconditions that the result after the calculation be an integer and that it be greater than or equal to 1.  Another example: a program that calculates the square root of an input number might have the postconditions that the result be a number and that its square be equal to the input.
Virgil T. McCroskey
Virgil Talmadge McCroskey (October 5, 1876 – September 14, 1970) was an American conservationist who spent most of his life in eastern Washington. He created two state parks on the Palouse: Steptoe Butte State Park in Washington and McCroskey State Park in Idaho.

Palouse
The Palouse (/pəˈluːs/ pə-LOOSS) is a geographic region of the northwestern United States, encompassing parts of north central Idaho, southeastern Washington (part of eastern Washington), and by some definitions, parts of northeast Oregon. It is a major agricultural area, primarily producing wheat and legumes. Situated about 160 miles (260 km) north of the Oregon Trail, the region experienced rapid growth in the late 19th century.

The Palouse is home to two land-grant universities: the University of Idaho in Moscow and Washington State University in Pullman. Just eight miles (13 km) apart, both universities opened in the early 1890s.
Siddhartha Lal
Siddhartha Vikram Lal (born October 1973) is an Indian businessman. The son of businessman Vikram Lal, Siddhartha Lal is the executive chairman of Eicher Motors, a director of Eicher Goodearth and chairman and MD of VE Commercial Vehicles. Lal is known for the turnaround and revival of Royal Enfield.

Eicher Motors
Eicher Motors Limited is an Indian multinational automotive company that manufactures motorcycles and commercial vehicles, headquartered in New Delhi. Eicher is the parent company of Royal Enfield, a manufacturer of middleweight motorcycles. It also manufactures Eicher branded trucks and buses, under a joint venture with Volvo Group.
Filipp Golikov
Filipp Ivanovich Golikov (Russian: Филипп Иванович Голиков; 2 July [O.S. 15 July] 1900 – 29 July 1980) was a Soviet military commander. As chief of the GRU (Main Intelligence Directorate), he is best known for failing to take seriously the abundant intelligence about Nazi Germany's plans for an invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, either because he did not believe them or because Joseph Stalin did not want to hear them. He served in subsequent campaigns and was promoted to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1961.

GRU (Soviet Union)
Main Intelligence Directorate (Russian: Главное разведывательное управление, romanized: Glavnoye razvedyvatel'noye upravleniye, IPA: [ˈglavnəjə rɐzˈvʲɛdɨvətʲɪlʲnəjə ʊprɐˈvlʲenʲɪjə]), abbreviated GRU (Russian: ГРУ, IPA: [ɡɨ̞‿rɨ̞‿ˈu], [gru]), was the foreign military intelligence agency of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces until 1991. For a few months it was also the foreign military intelligence agency of the newly established Russian Federation until 7 May 1992 when it was dissolved and the Russian GRU took over its activities.
Jonathon Simmons
Jonathon Calvin Simmons (born September 14, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for Al Riyadi of the Lebanese Basketball League. He played one season of college basketball for the Houston Cougars before a stint in the semi-professional American Basketball League (ABL) led to him joining the NBA D-League's Austin Toros in 2013. Following two seasons in the D-League, Simmons signed with the San Antonio Spurs after an impressive 2015 NBA Summer League.

Houston Cougars men's basketball
The Houston Cougars men's basketball team represents the University of Houston in Houston, Texas, in NCAA Division I men's basketball competition. They compete as members of the Big 12 Conference. In addition to 26 NCAA tournament appearances, the Cougars have won 22 conference championships and have had several players and a coach elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.
Quebec Route 116
Route 116 is an east/west highway on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada. It runs between Route 134 in Longueuil and Route 132 in Lévis, connecting the south shore areas of Montreal and Quebec City; it also serves the administrative regions of Montérégie, Centre-du-Québec, Estrie and Chaudière-Appalaches. Until the mid-1970s it was known as Route 9 between Le Moyne (presently part of Longueuil) and Saint-Simon; Route 32 between Saint-Simon and Richmond; and Route 5 between Richmond and Saint-Nicolas (presently part of Lévis).

Quebec Route 134
Route 134 is a highway in the province of Quebec, running from Candiac on the South Shore of the Saint Lawrence River to Montreal, crossing the river on Jacques Cartier Bridge. On the South Shore, Route 134 is named Taschereau Boulevard (boulevard Taschereau), after the prominent Quebec family that included former premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau. From Jacques Cartier Bridge to the end of the highway at Sherbrooke Street (Quebec Route 138) in Montreal, the highway is a one-way pair formed by Papineau Avenue and De Lorimier Avenue.
Mesozoa
The Mesozoa are minuscule, worm-like parasites of marine invertebrates. Generally, these tiny, elusive creatures consist of a somatoderm (outer layer) of ciliated cells surrounding one or more reproductive cells.

A 2017 study recovered Mesozoa as a monophyletic group that emerged in the Lophotrochozoa as sister of the Rouphozoa.

Some workers previously classified Mesozoa as the sole phylum of the lonely subkingdom Agnotozoa. Cavalier-Smith argued that at least some of the mesozoans are in fact protistans, not animals.

In the 19th century, the Mesozoa were a wastebasket taxon for multicellular organisms which lacked the invaginating gastrula which was thought to define the Metazoa.

Lophotrochozoa
Lophotrochozoa (/ləˌfɒtroʊkoʊˈzoʊə/, "crest/wheel animals") is a clade of protostome animals within the Spiralia. The taxon was established as a monophyletic group based on molecular evidence. The clade includes animals like annelids, molluscs, bryozoans, and brachiopods.
Immaterial labor
Immaterial labor is a framework with origins in Marxist-based political economy, particularly Autonomist political philosophy, to describe how value is produced from affective and cognitive activities, which, in various ways, are commodified in capitalist economies.

The concept of immaterial labor was coined by Italian sociologist and philosopher Maurizio Lazzarato in his 1996 essay "Immaterial Labor", published as a contribution to Radical Thought in Italy and edited by Virno and Hardt. It was re-published in 1997 as: Lavoro immateriale. Forme di vita e produzione di soggettività. (Ombre corte). Lazzarato was a participant in the Years of Lead (Italy) group as a student in Padua in the 1970s, and is a member of the editorial group of the journal Multitudes. Post-Marxist scholars including Franco Berardi, Antonio Negri, Michael Hardt, Judith Revel, and Paolo Virno, among others have also employed the concept.

Franco Berardi
Franco "Bifo" Berardi (born 2 November 1949) is an Italian Marxist philosopher, theorist and activist in the autonomist tradition, whose work mainly focuses on the role of the media and information technology within post-industrial capitalism. Berardi has written over two dozen published books, as well as a number of essays and speeches.
Back closure
A back closure is a means for fastening a garment at the rear, such as with a zipper, hooks-and-eyes or buttons.  Back closures were once common on Western female clothing, but have recently become less so, especially on female casual and business attire.  They continue, however, to be widely used in underwear (such as brassieres and garter belts), formal wear (such as evening gowns and wedding dresses) and specialized clothing (such as smocks).  Back closures are also common in garments for infants and toddlers.

Wedding dress
A wedding dress or bridal gown is the dress worn by the bride during a wedding ceremony. The color, style and ceremonial importance of the gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants. Wedding dresses hold a significant place in fashion, symbolizing personal expression, and cultural traditions, and societal values. In Western culture, the wedding dress is most commonly white, a fashion made popular by Queen Victoria when she married in 1840. In Eastern cultures, brides often choose red to symbolize auspiciousness. These wedding dresses often represent a blend of heritage and contemporary trends, making them a pivotal aspect of bridal fashion and a reflection of  evolving style in society.
Samuel Chifney
Samuel Chifney (c. 1753 – 8 January 1807), also known as Sam Chifney Sr., Sam Chifney the Elder or Old Sam Chifney to distinguish him from his son, was an English jockey. He was a pioneer of professional race-riding, developing a trademark late finishing style, known as the 'Chifney rush' and was the retained jockey of the Prince of Wales. He became the leading horseman of his day, winning four runnings of the Oaks and one of the Derby, but his career ended in ignominy after a scandal around a ride on the Prince of Wales's horse, Escape. Despite inventing a bit for horses that is still in use today, he died in debtors' prison in London.

Epsom Oaks
The Oaks Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run at Epsom Downs over a distance of 1 mile, 4 furlongs and 6 yards (2,420 metres), about 1½ miles, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June. It is the second-oldest of the five Classic races, after the St Leger. Officially the Betfred Oaks, it is also popularly known as simply The Oaks. It has increasingly come to be referred to as the Epsom Oaks in both the UK and overseas countries, although 'Epsom' is not part of the official title of the race.

It is the third of Britain's five Classic races to be held during the season, and the second of two restricted to fillies. It can also serve as the middle leg of the Fillies Triple Crown, preceded by the 1000 Guineas and followed by the St Leger, although the feat of winning all three is rarely attempted.
Achieving For Delta
Achieving For Delta is a municipal political party in Delta, British Columbia, Canada. It is led by incumbent mayor George Harvie. It currently runs a full slate on the council and 6 out of 7 school board members as of 2025.

On December 3, 2025, Mayor Harvie lost the support of four councillors: Jennifer Johal, Daniel Boisvert, Dylan Kruger, and Rod Binder. The councillors removed him from his position as Chair of Metro Vancouver earlier in his term due to alleged misuse of taxpayer funds.

The councillors cited Mayor Harvie’s spending on taxpayer-funded first-class travel to international destinations, including a European trip to Amsterdam, as a factor in his removal. These high-cost trips also included a trip to Asia with a single flight ticket costing more than $21,000.

Delta, British Columbia
Delta is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and part of Greater Vancouver. Located on the Fraser Lowland south of Fraser River's south arm, it is bordered by the city of Richmond on Lulu Island to the north, New Westminster to the northeast, Surrey to the east, the Boundary Bay and the American pene-exclave Point Roberts to the south, and the Strait of Georgia to the west.

Encompassing the nearby Annacis Island, Deas Island and Westham Island, Delta is mostly rural and officially composed of three distinct communities: North Delta, Ladner and Tsawwassen.
Rawalpindi cricket team
Rawalpindi cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents Rawalpindi, Punjab. The team's home ground is Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi. They participate in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy. They were refounded in the 2023/24 season after a revamp of the domestic structure.

Quaid-e-Azam Trophy
The Quaid-e-Azam Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket competition in Pakistan. With few exceptions, it has been staged annually since it was first played during the 1953–54 season. Domestic cricket in Pakistan has undergone many reorganisations, with the number of teams and matches in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy changing regularly. It has been variously contested by associations or departments, or a combination of the two. Since 2019 it has been contested by regional teams only.
Todorov's narrative theory of equilibrium
The narrative theory of equilibrium was proposed by Bulgarian narratologist Tzvetan Todorov in 1971. Todorov delineated this theory in an essay entitled The Two Principles of Narrative. The essay claims that all narratives contain the same five formal elements: equilibrium, disruption, recognition, resolution, and new equilibrium.

Tzvetan Todorov
Tzvetan Todorov (/ˈtɒdərɔːv, -rɒv/; French: [tsvetan tɔdɔʁɔv, dzve-]; Bulgarian: Цветан Тодоров; 1 March 1939 – 7 February 2017) was a Bulgarian-French historian, philosopher, structuralist literary critic, sociologist and essayist. He was the author of many books and essays, which have had a significant influence in anthropology, sociology, semiotics, literary theory, intellectual history and culture theory.
Henry County Schools
Henry County Schools is a public school district in Henry County, Georgia, United States, based in McDonough. It serves the communities of Blacksville, Flippen, Hampton, Kelleytown, Locust Grove, McDonough, Ola, and Stockbridge.

Locust Grove, Georgia
Locust Grove is a city in Henry County, Georgia, United States. The population was 8,947 in 2020. Some unincorporated communities such as Luella and many rural areas surround Locust Grove, and those communities have Locust Grove postal addresses.

Locust Grove has experienced a growth in population and in businesses coming into the area. In 1900 the population of the city was 254 and is now over 5,000.