hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)
Kalyanapuram Rangachari Parthasarathy (25 June 1936 – 14 June 2023) was an Indian statistician who was professor emeritus at the Indian Statistical Institute and a pioneer of quantum stochastic calculus. Parthasarathy was the recipient of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in Mathematical Science in 1977 and the TWAS Prize in 1996.

Indian Statistical Institute
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) is a public research university headquartered in Kolkata, India with centers in Chennai, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Tezpur. It was declared an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India under the Indian Statistical Institute Act, 1959. Established in 1931, it functions under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation of the Government of India.

Primary activities of ISI are research and training in statistics, development of theoretical statistics and its applications in various natural and social sciences. Key areas of research at ISI are statistics, mathematics, theoretical computer science, information science and mathematical economics.

Apart from the degree courses, ISI offers a few diploma and certificate courses, special diploma courses for international students via ISEC, and special courses in collaboration with CSO for training probationary officers of Indian Statistical Service (ISS).
Selami Altınok
Selami Altınok (born 20 January 1966) is a Turkish civil servant and politician who served as the Minister of the Interior in the interim election government formed by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu between 28 August and 17 November 2015. He previously served as the  10th Governor of Aksaray from 2012 to 2014 and was appointed as the General Director of Security in Istanbul on 16 December 2013. He is also a former Kaymakam (sub-governor).

A member of the Justice and Development Party, he was elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in the 2023 parliamentary election from Erzurum.

Ministry of Interior (Turkey)
The Ministry of Interior or Ministry of the Interior or Interior Ministry (Turkish: İçişleri Bakanlığı lit. Ministry of Internal Affairs) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for interior security affairs in Turkey.

As of 10 February 2026, the current Minister of the Interior is Mustafa Çiftçi.
Providence Combination of 1640
The Providence Combination of 1640, referred to then as the Combination & Plantation Agreement, established a civil government for the Providence Plantation, which encompassed what is now Providence and parts of Cranston and Pawtucket in Rhode Island. This document stands as the first governmental instrument in Western history to explicitly mention "liberty of conscience."

The Combination—so named because it "combined" the inhabitants into a unified civil body—brought several groundbreaking advancements to colonial governance, including a democratic government based on arbitration, the formal acknowledgment of liberty of conscience as a fundamental right, and the unprecedented inclusion of women as signatories to a political agreement.

Cranston, Rhode Island
Cranston, formerly known as Pawtuxet, is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The official population of the city in the 2020 United States Census was 82,934, making it the second-largest city in the state. The center of population of Rhode Island is located in Cranston. Cranston is a part of the Providence metropolitan area.

The Town of Cranston was created in 1754 from a portion of Providence north of the Pawtuxet River. After losing much of its territory to neighboring towns and the city of Providence, Cranston itself became a city on March 10, 1910.
Masood Aslam
Muhammad Masood Aslam HI (C)  HI (M) SJ Imtiazi Sanad AFWC PSC (Urdu: محمد مسعود اسلم; born 1 September 1952) is a retired three-star general who served in the Pakistan Army for 39 years. His last post in the Army was serving as the commander of the XI Corps, fighting TTP forces in the North-West Pakistan region from 2007 to 2010. He also held the post of Colonel commandant of the Punjab Regiment from March 2008 to April 2010. Masood played a key role in the management of crucial operations against the Tehrik-i-Taliban, including directing and commanding the First Battle of Swat, operations Zalzala, Sherdil, Rah-e-Rast and Rah-e-Nijat.

Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces
The awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces recognize a service member's service and personal accomplishments while being a member of the Pakistan Armed Forces. These awards are awarded only to those who show absolute bravery, dedication, loyalty and commitment towards the service and nation- Pakistan.
Karaim language
The Karaim language (Crimean dialect: къарай тили, qaray tili; Trakai dialect: karaj tili), also known by its Hebrew name Lashon Kedar (Hebrew: לשון קדר‎, lit. 'language of the nomads'), is a Turkic language belonging to the Kipchak group, with Hebrew influences, similarly to Yiddish or Judaeo-Spanish. It is presently spoken by only a few dozen Crimean Karaites (Qrimqaraylar) in Lithuania, Poland, Crimea, and Galicia in Ukraine. The three main dialects are those of Crimea, Trakai-Vilnius and Lutsk-Halych, all of which are critically endangered. The Lithuanian dialect of Karaim is spoken mainly in the town of Trakai by a small community living there since the 14th century.

There is a chance the language will survive in Trakai as a result of official support and because of its appeal to tourists coming to the Trakai Island Castle, where Crimean Karaites are presented as the castle's ancient defenders.

Halych
Halych (Ukrainian: Галич, IPA: [ˈɦɑlɪtʃ]; Romanian: Halici; Polish: Halicz; Russian: Галич, romanized: Galich; German: Halytsch, Halitsch or Galitsch; Yiddish: העליטש, romanized: Heylitsh) is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine. The city gave its name to the Principality of Halych, the historic province of Galicia (Halychyna), and the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, of which it was the capital until the early 14th century, when the seat of the local rulers moved to Lviv.

Nowadays, Halych is a small town located only on one part of the territory of the former Galician capital, although it has preserved its name. It belongs to Ivano-Frankivsk Raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (region). It hosts the administration of Halych urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Halych lies 26 km (16 mi) north of the oblast capital, Ivano-Frankivsk. Population: 6,086 (2022 estimate).
Al-Baha
Al-Baha also spelled as Al-Bahah (Arabic: ٱلْبَاحَة‎, romanized: al-Bāḥa) is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia, located in the Sarawat Mountains. It is the capital and administrative center of Al-Baha Province and is considered one of the country's notable tourist destinations.

Sarawat Mountains
The Sarawat Mountains (Arabic: جِبَالُ ٱلسَّرَوَاتِ, romanized: Jibāl as-Sarawāt), also known as the Sarat in singular case, is a mountain range in the western part of the Arabian Peninsula. In a broad sense, it runs parallel to the eastern coast of the Red Sea, and thus encompasses the mountains of Fayfa, Asir, Taif, and the Hijaz (which can be seen as including the Midian Mountains). In a narrow sense, the Sarawat start in Taif city in Saudi Arabia, and extend to the Gulf of Aden in the south, running along the entire western coast of Yemen and extending eastwards parallel to the Gulf of Aden.
Jianzhou Ba Yin
Jianzhou Ba Yin Ziyi Bianlan (simplified Chinese: 《建州八音字义便览》; traditional Chinese: 《建州八音字義便覽》; pinyin: Jiànzhōu Bā Yīn Zìyì Biànlǎn; Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Gṳ̿ing-ciú Băi Éing Cī-ngī Bīng-lǎng), variously translated as Jianzhou Eight-Yin Characters Meaning Handbook or The brief guide of eight tones and literal meaning in Jian Zhou, and often known by its shortened name Jianzhou Ba Yin (Chinese: 《建州八音》; pinyin: Jiànzhōu Bā Yīn; Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Gṳ̿ing-ciú Băi Éing), is a rime dictionary that records character pronunciations in Northern Min during the late Qing dynasty. It was compiled by Lin Duancai from Fuqing in 1795, modelling it after the Fuzhounese rime dictionary Qi Lin Bayin.

Qi Lin Bayin
The Qi Lin Bayin, sometimes translated as Book of Eight Sounds or Book of Eight Tones, is a Chinese rime book of approximately ten thousand characters based on the earlier form of the Fuzhou dialect. First compiled in the 17th century, it is the pioneering work of all written sources for Min languages, and is widely quoted in modern academic research in Chinese phonology.
Ovid Township, Clinton County, Michigan
Ovid Township is a civil township of Clinton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 2,188.  The population has decreased significantly after the village of Ovid separated from the township and incorporated into a city in 2015.

Ovid, Michigan
Ovid is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Nearly all of the city is located within Clinton County with only a very small portion extending east into Shiawassee County.  The population was 1,481 at the 2020 census.

The city is located along M-21, about 9 miles (14 km) east of St. Johns and about 10 miles (16 km) west of Owosso.  Ovid incorporated as a village in 1867 and as a city in 2015.
Mordecai Jonah Rosenfeld
Mordecai Jonah Rosenfeld (Hebrew: מרדכי יונה ראזענפעלד; 21 October 1797 – 5 June 1885), also known by the acronym Mishuv (Hebrew: מישו״ב, short for מרדכי יונה שוחט ובודק, "Mordecai Jonah the Shoḥet and Bodek"), was a Galician religious leader and Hebrew writer.

Shechita
In Judaism, shechita (anglicized: /ʃəxiːˈtɑː/; Hebrew: שחיטה; [ʃχiˈta]; also transliterated shehitah, shechitah, shehita) is ritual slaughtering of certain mammals and birds for food according to kashrut. One who practices this, a kosher butcher, is called a shochet.
1214 Richilde
1214 Richilde, provisional designation 1932 AA, is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in 1932. Any reference of the asteroid's name to a person is unknown.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Drew Kibler
Andrew Patrick “Drew” Kibler (born March 9, 2000) is an American competition swimmer specializing in freestyle events. He is a world record holder in the short course 4×200 meter freestyle relay and a former American record holder in the 4×200 yard freestyle relay. He won a gold medal in the 4×200 meter freestyle relay each at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships (long course) and the 2022 World Short Course Championships and placed fourth in the event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He is an Olympic silver medalist in the 4x200 meter freestyle relay at the 2024 Paris Olympics. In the 200 meter freestyle, he took fourth-place at both the 2022 World Aquatics Championships and the 2022 World Short Course Championships. He is also a three-time NCAA champion in the 4×200 yard freestyle relay, winning NCAA titles in the event in 2019, 2021, and 2022.

2019 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships
The 2019 NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships were contested from March 27–30, 2019 at the Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center at University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas at the 96th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.
Hidalgo Street
Hidalgo Street (also F. R. Hidalgo Street or R. Hidalgo Street) is a street located in Quiapo in the old downtown of Manila, Philippines. It runs east–west through the district's center, linking two of its most popular landmarks, Quiapo Church and San Sebastian Church. It is divided by Quezon Boulevard into two sections: the western section is a pedestrian zone that forms the southern boundary of Plaza Miranda, running parallel to Carriedo Street, while the eastern section is a two-lane street which leads to the San Sebastian Church. Formerly known during the Spanish colonial times in sections as Calle [de] San Sebastian and Calle Crespo, respectively, it was renamed after the Filipino painter Félix Resurrección Hidalgo. It was once considered "the most beautiful street in Manila."

San Sebastian Church (Manila)
The Minor Basilica and Parish of Saint Sebastian, also known as the Shrine of Our Lady of Mount Carmel of Saint Sebastian  and commonly known as San Sebastian Church or San Sebastian Basilica, is a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church in Manila, Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Manila.

San Sebastian Church's current structure was completed in 1891, and is noted for its architecture. An example of the Gothic Revival architecture in the Philippines, it is the only steel building church in the Philippines. It was designated as a National Historical Landmark in 1973 and as a National Cultural Treasure in 2011.

San Sebastian Church is under the care of the Order of Augustinian Recollects, who also operate the San Sebastian College-Recoletos adjacent to the basilica. It is located at Plaza del Carmen, near the eastern end of Recto Avenue, in Quiapo, Manila.
John Robbins (author)
John Robbins (October 26, 1947 – June 11, 2025) was an American author, who popularized the links among nutrition, environmentalism and animal rights.

Robbins was the author of the 1987 Diet for a New America, an exposé on connections between diet, physical health, animal cruelty, and environmentalism. Robbins founded the organization EarthSave in 1988 and co-founded the Food Revolution Network with his son, Ocean, in 2011. He was a leading voice in the  plant-based movement.

Plant-based diet
A plant-based diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods. It encompasses a wide range of dietary patterns that contain low amounts of animal products and high amounts of fiber-rich plant products such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs and spices. Plant-based diets may also be vegan or vegetarian, but do not have to be, as they are defined in terms of high frequency of plants and low frequency of animal food consumption.
Remember (BigBang album)
Remember is the second Korean studio album by South Korean boy band BigBang, released by YG Entertainment on November 5, 2008. Before release, demand for the album made it surpass 200,000 pre-orders. "Sunset Glow", originally by artist Lee Moon-sae, served as the title track for the album. During the 2008 KBS Music Festival, BigBang performed the hit together with Lee Moon-sae.

"Strong Baby", Seungri's solo track, was released as the second single. The music video was released January 1, 2009. At the 18th Seoul Music Awards a month later, the album received the Best Album Award.

Lee Moon-sae
Lee Moon-sae (Korean: 이문세; Korean pronunciation: [iː.munse]; born January 17, 1959) is a South Korean ballad singer who is often considered a Korean pop icon. Since his debut in 1978, he has released 16 full-length albums, including 1987's When Love Passes By, which sold 2.85 million copies, making it the best-selling album in South Korea to date at the time. He is also well known for being the host of the popular South Korean radio show, Starry Night, on MBC FM, from 1985 to 1996. He was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 2007.
Jack Gelineau
John Edward "Jack" Gélineau BEM (November 11, 1924 in Toronto, Ontario – November 12, 1998 in Montreal, Quebec) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender. He played in the National Hockey League with the Boston Bruins and Chicago Black Hawks between 1948 and 1954. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 1950 as the best rookie player in the NHL. Before playing in the NHL, Gélineau served in the Second World War and was awarded the British Empire Medal for actions in 1944.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Mary Uprichard
Dame Mary Elizabeth Uprichard, DBE, FRCM (born March 1938) is a British nursing, midwifery and health care activist. She was made Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in  1998.

She lives in Moira, County Down.

Royal College of Midwives
The Royal College of Midwives (RCM) is a British midwives organisation founded in 1881 by Louisa Hubbard and Zepherina Smith. It has existed under its present name since 1947 and is the United Kingdom's only trade union or professional organisation for midwives and those that support them. The organisation is a professional association and a trade union that provides guidance and support for midwives both socially and professionally. The RCM is the only midwifery organisation in the United Kingdom run by and for midwives. Gill Walton is the current chief executive, and Sophie Russell is the current president. As of April 2025, the organisation currently has over 50,000 members and is the largest maternity entity in the world.
Tepe Maranjan
Maranjan Hill (Pashto: د مرانجان غونډۍ), also known as Tapa-e Maranjan (Dari: تپه مرنجان), and previously known as Siyah Sang (Dari: سياه سنگ, "Blackstone"), is a big hill in the Kārte Naw area of Kabul, Afghanistan. It is near Chaman-e-Hozori and the Afghanistan Football Federation Stadium. As the resting place of former Afghan kings, Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah, including a number of their family members, Maranjan Hill is one of the city's major tourist attractions. The Sirajuddin Haqqani Mosque was recently built on the northern end of the hill, along with a park.

Tourism in Afghanistan
Tourism in Afghanistan is regulated by the Ministry of Information and Culture.

As of 2022, there are at least 350 tourism companies operating in Afghanistan.

Afghanistan was a stop along the Hippie trail from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s. Tourism to Afghanistan was at its peak before the 1978 Saur Revolution, which was followed by the decades of warfare.  Between 2013 and 2016, Afghan embassies issued between 15,000 and 20,000 tourist visas annually. In 2014, bookings for adventure trips were doubled in Afghanistan.  Following Taliban's return to power in August 2021, visitor numbers gradually increased from 691 in 2021 to 2,300 in 2022, reaching 7,000 in 2023.
Maja Alm
Maja Møller Alm (born 10 July 1988) is a Danish orienteering and Athletics competitor who has won seven World Championships and two World Games titles. She is especially known for her four gold medals on the sprint distance, where she has won the title four years in a row: 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. She is also a medalist from the Junior World Championships. Since 2006 she has been coached by Danish national coach Lars Lindstrøm. Alm is remarkable for her dominant running speed, which gives her a great advantage over other competitors at the sprint distance.

Junior World Orienteering Championships
The Junior World Orienteering Championships (JWOC) are an annual orienteering competition. They were first held in 1990. Entry is open to national teams aged 20 and below as of 31 December in the year of competition. Representative countries must be members of the International Orienteering Federation (IOF).
Old Vic (horse)
Old Vic (26 April 1986 – 21 February 2011) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse who won the French Derby and the Irish Derby in 1989. After retiring from racing he went on to become a top national hunt sire. He was one of the first crop of foals by the influential sire Sadler's Wells.

Prix du Jockey Club
The Prix du Jockey Club, sometimes referred to as the French Derby, is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs) each year in early June.
Portuguese Way
The Portuguese Way (Portuguese: Caminho Português, Spanish: Camino Portugués) is the name of the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage routes starting in Portugal. It begins at Porto or Lisbon. From Porto, along the Douro River, pilgrims travel north crossing the five main rivers—the Ave, Cávado, Neiva, Lima and Minho—before entering Spain and passing through Pontevedra on the way to Santiago de Compostela. The Portuguese Way is 260 km long starting in Porto or 610 km long starting in Lisbon. The way from Porto was historically used by the local populations and by those who arrived in the local ports.

Lima River
The Lima River (Portuguese name; known as Limia in Spanish and Galician) runs west from the autonomous community of Galicia in Spain to Portugal, where it enters the Atlantic Ocean at Viana do Castelo, covering 108 kilometres (67 mi).
Sophie Jones (American soccer)
Sophia Grace Jones (born July 17, 2001) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for USL Super League club Sporting JAX. She played college soccer for the Duke Blue Devils and was drafted by the Chicago Red Stars in the fourth round of the 2023 NWSL Draft. She was named the Gatorade National Player of the Year during high school in 2019. She played for the United States at the under-17 and under-20 levels, appearing at the 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.

United States women's national under-17 soccer team
The United States U-17 women's national soccer team is a youth soccer team operated under the auspices of U.S. Soccer. Its primary role is the development of players in preparation for the senior national team. The team's most recent major tournament was the 2024 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, in which the United States team won bronze. The team competes in a variety of competitions, including the biennial FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, which is the top competition for this age group.
Bretleben
Bretleben (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁeːtˌleːbn̩]) is a village and a former municipality in the Kyffhäuserkreis district in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town An der Schmücke. It is located at the right side of the river Unstrut, between the towns of Heldrungen and Artern.
It has a station on the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway line, where a now-decommissioned line once branched off to Bad Frankenhausen and Sondershausen.

Sondershausen
Sondershausen (German pronunciation: [ˈzɔndɐsˌhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a town in Thuringia, central Germany, capital of the Kyffhäuserkreis district, situated about 50 km (30 mi) north of Erfurt. On 1 December 2007, the former municipality Schernberg was merged with Sondershausen.

Until 1918 it was part of the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.