hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aharonov–Jones–Landau algorithm
In computer science, the Aharonov–Jones–Landau (AJL) algorithm is an efficient quantum algorithm for obtaining an additive approximation of the Jones polynomial of a given link at an arbitrary root of unity. The algorithm was published in 2009 in a paper written by Dorit Aharonov, Vaughan Jones and Zeph Landau. The error in the additive approximation produced by the Aharonov–Jones–Landau algorithm depends on the input link. Finding an algorithm to additively or multiplicatively approximate the Jones polynomial in a way that the error does not depend on the input link is a #P-hard problem. The problem that the Aharonov–Jones–Landau problem solves is a BQP-complete problem.

Root of unity
In mathematics, a root of unity is any complex number that yields 1 when raised to some positive integer power n. Roots of unity are used in many branches of mathematics, and are especially important in number theory, the theory of group characters, and the discrete Fourier transform. It is occasionally called a de Moivre number after French mathematician Abraham de Moivre.

Roots of unity can be defined in any field. If the characteristic of the field is zero, the roots are complex numbers that are also algebraic integers. For fields with a positive characteristic, the roots belong to a finite field, and, conversely, every nonzero element of a finite field is a root of unity. Any algebraically closed field contains exactly n nth roots of unity, except when n is a multiple of the (positive) characteristic of the field.
Swimming at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 100-metre butterfly
The men's 100 metre butterfly event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held from 2 to 3 August 2024 at Paris La Défense Arena, which was converted to a swimming pool for the swimming events.

Caeleb Dressel of the US was the favourite going into the event, while defending Olympic silver medallist Kristóf Milák of Hungary, Canada's Josh Liendo and France's Maxime Grousset were also favourites based on recent results. In the semifinals, Dressel did not qualify for the final, while Nyls Korstanje set a new Dutch record to qualify fourth. Milák won the final with a time of 49.90, 0.09 seconds ahead of Liendo who won silver with a new Canadian national record of 49.99. Canada's Ilya Kharun finished third with 50.45.

Kristóf Milák
Kristóf Milák (born 20 February 2000) is a Hungarian swimmer. He is the current holder of the world record in the long course 200 metre butterfly and the European record in the long course 100 metre butterfly. At his first Olympic Games, the 2020 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal in the 200 metre butterfly and a silver medal in the 100 metre butterfly. He has also won three gold medals and one silver at the World Aquatic Championships, as well as three gold medals at the European Aquatics Championships. He was the gold medalist in the 400 metre freestyle, 200 metre freestyle, and 200 metre butterfly events at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics.
Jat Regiment
The Jat Regiment, also known as The Royal Jats, is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army, of which it is one of the longest-serving and most decorated regiments. The regiment has won 19 Battle Honours between 1839 and 1947, and post-independence it has won five Battle Honours, including 2 Ashok Chakra, 1 Victoria Cross, 2 George Cross, 11 Kirti Chakra, 8 Mahavir Chakra, 3 Military Medal, 53 Shaurya Chakras, 38 Vir Chakras and 343 Sena Medals. During its 200-year service history, the regiment has participated in various actions and operations in India and abroad, including the First and the Second World Wars.

Maha Vir Chakra
The Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) (lit. 'Medal for Great Bravery') is the second highest military decoration in India, after the Param Vir Chakra, and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. It replaced the British Distinguished Service Order (DSO). The medal may be awarded posthumously.
Vallejo (ferry)
The Vallejo is a houseboat in Sausalito, California, United States. It was originally a passenger ferry in Portland, Oregon, known as O&CRR Ferry No. 2, in the late 19th century. After falling into disuse in Portland, it was transported to the San Francisco Bay in California, where it was used as a ferry between Vallejo and Mare Island until the end of World War II. It was later purchased by a group led by artist Jean Varda, and repurposed as a houseboat, where a number of parties and salons were hosted. The vessel was sold to the Society for Comparative Philosophy ("SCP") which was created by Alan Watts and Elsa Gidlow to be a charitable and teaching organization in 1962. It hosted many seminars and musical events and attracted many of the leading figures in the San Francisco area counterculture scene of the 1960s, 70s and '80s. Jean Varda rented from the SCP until his death in the early 1970s. The Society continued, with Elsa Gidlow in a leadership role, until her death in 1986.

Houseboat
A houseboat is a boat that has been designed or modified to be used primarily for regular dwelling. Most houseboats are not motorized, as they are usually moored or kept stationary, fixed at a berth, and often tethered to land to provide utilities. However, many are capable of operation under their own power.

Houseboats are largely found on small inland rivers, lakes, and streams, and in coastal harbours, especially where there is good fishing, in many countries.
Gerardo Díaz y su Gerarquía
Gerardo Díaz y su Gerarquía is a regional Mexican band from La Calera, municipality of Zirándaro, Guerrero, Mexico, that was founded in 2018. It was formed by Gerardo Díaz.

The band continues in its work of bringing the music of Tierra Caliente to Mexico, the United States and Central America. Alongside colleagues such as La Dinastía de Tuzantla and Beto y sus Canarios, they are musical acts in exploiting Tierra Caliente music.

Mi Última Caravana, El Mejor Lugar and El Albañil are some of the band's hits, composed by Gerardo Díaz, nicknamed El Cerebro de Oro, with millions of streams.

Beto y sus Canarios
Beto y sus Canarios were a regional Mexican band formed in Huetamo, Michoacán, Mexico. It was founded in 1987 by Gabino García and Edilberto Portillo. After releasing several albums, in 2001 the group released their album Tuve Una Novia, featuring the single Noche eterna, which became a number-one hit in the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart.

The Huetamo-raised group in company with their compatriots, La Dinastía de Tuzantla are two pioneers in exploiting Tierra Caliente music.
Trigonoceratoidea
The Trigonoceratoidea are a superfamily within the Nautilida that ranged from the Devonian to the Triassic, thought to have contained the source for the Nautilaceae in which Nautilus is found.

Trigonoceratoidea are characterized by open-spiraled, gyroconic, to closed, nautiliconic shells in which the Whorl section is quadrate in primitive forms; the venter typically narrow to acute, the dorsum broad. In some advanced forms, the venter may become concave or broad and rounded, and in some, the surfaces may be strongly lirate.

Lira (mollusc)
Lirae (singular lira) are a sculptural feature of the outside of the shells of various molluscs. An organism bearing lirae is "lirate". The feature was described by Leslie Reginald Cox in 1960 as a "fine linear elevation on shell surface or within outer lip" of gastropod shells. The term is also commonly applied to the shells of bivalves, nautiloids and brachiopods.
Hugh Osborn
Hugh Osborn FRS is a British theoretical high-energy physicist and a professor emeritus at the University of Cambridge, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics.
He is known for his work on Conformal Field Theory and Quantum Field Theory.

Conformal field theory
A conformal field theory (CFT) is a quantum field theory that is invariant under conformal transformations. In two dimensions, there is an infinite-dimensional algebra of local conformal transformations, and conformal field theories can sometimes be exactly solved or classified.

Conformal field theory has important applications to condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics, quantum statistical mechanics, and  string theory. Statistical and condensed matter systems are indeed often conformally invariant at their thermodynamic or quantum critical points.
Edward Mason Eggleston
Edward Mason Eggleston (22 November 1882 – 14 January 1941) was an American painter who specialized in calendar portraits of women, fashionable and fantastic. He was also a well known commercial illustrator doing work for companies such as the Fisk Tire Company,  the Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Great Lakes Exposition.

He attended the Columbus Art School in Columbus, Ohio and moved to New York about 1915, where he worked to illustrate magazine covers, travel posters, advertisements and calendars. He worked primarily with oil paints on canvas, and also with pastels, water colors, and gouache.

Eggleston tapped into an American trend toward escapist fantasy during the Great Depression years of the 1930s. Described as "storytelling," his calendar works focused on women in stylish and fashionable dresses and hats, swimwear, or costumed as Native-American women, "Egyptian goddesses," pirate girls, and women in the character of Peter Pan.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Road to Morocco
Road to Morocco is a 1942 American comedy film starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour, and featuring Anthony Quinn and Dona Drake. Written by Frank Butler and Don Hartman and directed by David Butler, it's the third of the "Road to ..." films. It was preceded by Road to Zanzibar (1941) and followed by Road to Utopia (1946). The story is about two fast-talking guys cast away on a desert shore and sold into slavery to a princess. In 1996, Road to Morocco was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
FC Tskhinvali
FC Tskhinvali is a defunct Georgian football club, which in mid-2010s spent four seasons in the top tier of the national league.

Despite the name, due to the enduring Georgian–Ossetian conflict they were unable to host their opponents in the city of Tskhinvali, playing home games instead in Georgian-controlled areas, mostly in Gori, Tbilisi and Rustavi.

In early 2020, the club was disqualified from Liga 3 after their failure to solve a severe financial crisis.

Several times the club has undergone name changes:

Spartaki until 1990

Liakhvi from 1990 to 2003

Tskhinvali from 2003 to 2007

Spartaki from 2007 to 2015

Tskhinvali after 2015

Erovnuli Liga
The Erovnuli Liga (Georgian: ეროვნული ლიგა; lit. 'National League') is the top division of professional top tier football in Georgia. Since 1990, it has been organized by the Professional Football League of Georgia and Georgian Football Federation. From 1927 to 1989, the competition was held as a regional tournament within the Soviet Union. From 2017, the Erovnuli Liga switched to a spring-autumn system, with only 10 clubs in the top flight.
Eat Salmon on Christmas!
Eat Salmon on Christmas! (Japanese: クリスマスには鮭を食え, Hepburn: Kurisumasu niwa shake wo kue) is an internet meme originating from a quote made by an antagonist character in an episode of a Kaitou Sentai Lupinranger VS Keisatsu Sentai Patranger, a Super Sentai series in 2018. This quote was originally spoken by a salmon villain on the 45th episode, who replaced chickens with salmon on Christmas, disrupting the sales of chicken while promoting salmon fillets as a food for Christmas. The meme has been used by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries from 2021 to promote the consumption of salmon in the said period.

Super Sentai
The Super Sentai Series (スーパー戦隊シリーズ, Sūpā Sentai Shirīzu; lit. 'Super Squadron Series') is a Japanese superhero team media franchise consisting of multiple television series and films produced by Toei Company and aired by TV Asahi. The shows are of the tokusatsu genre, featuring live action characters and colorful special effects. Prior to its conclusion in 2026, Super Sentai aired alongside the Kamen Rider series in the Super Hero Time programming block on Sunday mornings on TV Asahi. In North America, the Super Sentai series is best known as the source material for the Power Rangers series.

The series went on a hiatus following the conclusion of the 49th season, No.1 Sentai Gozyuger, with a new Toei tokusatsu franchise, Project R.E.D. (Records of Extraordinary Dimensions), taking its timeslot in 2026.
Charing Cross Bridge (Monet series)
Charing Cross Bridge is a series of oil paintings by French artist Claude Monet. The paintings depict a misty, impressionist Charing Cross Bridge in London, England. Monet worked on the series from 1899 to 1905, creating a total of 37 paintings depicting the bridge.

While all of the paintings in the series depict the same bridge, each has unique qualities. For instance, Monet uses different color combinations to portray different atmospheric conditions. In some paintings, Monet includes details such as trains, clock towers, and boats, but omits such features in others.

Today, the Charing Cross Bridge paintings are scattered in museums around the world. These include the Art Institute of Chicago, the Baltimore Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Art Gallery of Ontario and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid.

Water Lilies (Monet series)
Water Lilies (French: Nymphéas [nɛ̃.fe.a]) is a series of approximately 250 oil paintings by French Impressionist Claude Monet (1840–1926). The paintings depict his flower garden at his home in Giverny, and were the main focus of his artistic production during the last 31 years of his life. Many of the works were painted while Monet suffered from cataracts.
Runar Tafjord
Runar Tafjord (born December 14, 1957, in Langevåg, Norway) is a Norwegian French horn player, brother of the tubaist Stein Erik Tafjord, and uncle of the French horn player Hild Sofie Tafjord. He is best known for being part of The Brazz Brothers.

The Brazz Brothers
The Brazz Brothers, alias Brazz Bros (established 1981 in Langevåg, Sula Municipality, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz band. They are particularly known for their improvisations, and for the cooperation with Lester Bowie.
Roy H. Park School of Communications
The Roy H. Park School of Communications is one of five schools at Ithaca College, in Ithaca, New York, United States. The school is named after media executive Roy H. Park, who lived in Ithaca and who served on the board of trustees at Ithaca College for many years.

In addition to its campus facilities in Ithaca, it runs the Pendleton Center in Los Angeles where students can study and engage in internships for a semester. Students also may study away at the college's center in London and through a newly established New York City program.

Diane Gayeski, an alumna of the school and a faculty member since 1979, served as its dean for more than a decade before retiring in 2020.

Roy H. Park
Roy Hampton Park (15 September 1910 – 25 October 1993) was an American entrepreneur and media mogul. He is known for creating the Duncan Hines brand of packaged food products, and for his television/radio/newspaper conglomerate, Park Communications. He created the Park Foundation, which has funded many programs in his name at Ithaca College, Cornell University, and North Carolina State University.
2018 24H Proto Series
The 2018 24H Proto Series powered by Hankook was the second season of the 24H Proto Series. Creventic was the organiser and promoter of the series. The races were contested with Le Mans Prototype and Group CN cars, as well as some special prototypes.

24H Series
The 24H Series is a sports car racing and touring car racing series developed by Creventic and with approval from the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). It features GT3-spec cars, GT4-spec cars, sports cars, touring cars and 24H-Specials, like silhouette cars. The calendar consists only of 24-hour and 12-hour races. 2015 was the first season with drivers battling for championship points and titles. It also marked the first season with official FIA International Series’ status.
I Wanna Be Free (The Monkees song)
"I Wanna Be Free" is a song written by Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart that was first performed by The Monkees and appeared on their debut album The Monkees in 1966.  It was released as a single in some countries, reaching the Top 20 in Australia.  It was also covered by The Lettermen.

Boyce and Hart
Sidney Thomas Boyce (September 29, 1939 – November 23, 1994) and Robert Luke Harshman (February 18, 1939 – September 10, 2025), known professionally as Bobby Hart, were an American duo of singer-songwriters. In addition to three top-40 hits as artists, the duo is well known for its songwriting for the Monkees.
King of the Bullwhip
King of the Bullwhip is a 1950 American Western film produced and directed by Ron Ormond and starring Lash LaRue and Al "Fuzzy" St. John. The screenplay was cowritten by Jack Lewis and associate producer Ira S. Webb. The film was shot at the Iverson Movie Ranch.

Al St. John
Alfred St. John (September 10, 1892 – January 21, 1963) was an early American motion-picture comedian. He was a nephew of silent film star Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, with whom he often performed on screen. Also credited as Al Saint John and "Fuzzy" St. John, he was employed by Mack Sennett and also worked with many other leading players such as Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Mabel Normand. His film career successfully transitioned from the silent era into sound, and by the late 1930s and 1940s he was working predominantly in Westerns, often portraying the scruffy comedy-relief character "Fuzzy Q. Jones". Among his notable performances in that role are in the "Billy the Kid" series of films released by the Producers Releasing Corporation from 1940 to 1946 and in that company's "Lone Rider" series from 1941 to 1943.
Gel electrophoresis of proteins
Protein electrophoresis is a method for analysing the proteins in a fluid or an extract. The electrophoresis may be performed with a small volume of sample in a number of alternative ways with or without a supporting medium, namely agarose or polyacrylamide. Variants of gel electrophoresis include SDS-PAGE, free-flow electrophoresis, electrofocusing, isotachophoresis, affinity electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, counterelectrophoresis, and capillary electrophoresis. Each variant has many subtypes with individual advantages and limitations. Gel electrophoresis is often performed in combination with electroblotting or immunoblotting to give additional information about a specific protein.

Isotachophoresis
Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a technique in analytical chemistry used for selective separation and concentration of ionic analytes. It is a form of electrophoresis; charged analytes are separated based on ionic mobility, a quantity which tells how fast an ion migrates through an electric field.
Bar topnotchers in the Philippines
Bar topnotchers in the Philippines are bar examinees who garnered the highest bar exam grades in a particular year. Every year, the Supreme Court releases the bar top ten list. The list contains the names of bar examinees who obtained the ten highest grades. It is possible for more than ten examinees to place in the top ten because numerical ties in the computation of grades usually occur.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Papinsaari
Papinsaari is a district of the city of Turku, in Finland. It is located in the southeastern extremity of the island of Hirvensalo, off the city's coastline.

As of 2004, the population of Papinsaari is 158, but is rapidly increasing at an annual rate of 28.48%. 29.75% of the district's population are under 15 years old, while 4.43% are over 65. The district's linguistic makeup is 94.94% Finnish, and 5.06% Swedish.

Subdivisions of Turku
The city of Turku, Finland is divided into nine wards (suuralueet in Finnish, storområden in Swedish) and into 87 non-governmental districts (kaupunginosat in Finnish, stadsdelar in Swedish). These are composed of individual suburbs, and in the very centre of the city, sectors of the central business district are identified by Roman numerals. The ward division does not always follow district boundaries.

In the following list, the names are given first in Finnish, and then in Swedish (if applicable) in brackets. For districts that have an English name, it is given first with other languages following. When a district is divided between two or three wards, it is listed under each and this is indicated by a footnote.
Kuppenheim
Kuppenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈkʊpn̩ˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Rastatt, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the river Murg, 5 km southeast of Rastatt, and 8 km north of Baden-Baden.

Rastatt
Rastatt (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaʃtat] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Rastatt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located in the Upper Rhine Plain, on the Murg River, 6 km (3.7 mi) above its junction with the Rhine. It has a Baroque core and a population of around 51,000 (2022). Rastatt was an important place during the War of the Spanish Succession (Treaty of Rastatt) and the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states.
Robert Dowd (ice hockey)
Robert Dowd (born 26 May 1988) is an English professional ice hockey player currently playing with UK Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) side Sheffield Steelers.

He also previously played in the HockeyAllsvenskan for IF Troja/Ljungby and Elite Ice Hockey League for the Sheffield Steelers and the Belfast Giants and is a six-time EIHL champion, five times with Sheffield in 2009, 2011, 2015, 2016 and 2024 and once with Belfast in 2012.  He was the top British points scorer in 2012 with 72 points and was named British Player of the Year.  He is also a member of the Great Britain national ice hockey team.

Great Britain men's national ice hockey team
The Great Britain men's national ice hockey team (also known as Team GB) is the national ice hockey team that represents the United Kingdom. A founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 1908, the team is controlled by Ice Hockey UK.