hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glienicke Bridge
The Glienicke Bridge (German: Glienicker Brücke, German pronunciationⓘ) is a bridge across the Havel River in Germany, connecting the Wannsee district of Berlin with the Brandenburg capital, Potsdam. It is named after nearby Glienicke Palace. The current bridge, the fourth on the site, was completed in 1907, although major reconstruction was necessary after it was damaged during World War II.

During the Cold War, as this portion of the Havel River formed the border between West Berlin and East Germany, the bridge was used several times for the exchange of captured spies and thus became known as the Bridge of Spies.

Havel
The Havel (German: [ˈhaːfl̩] ⓘ) is a river in northeastern Germany, flowing through the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt. The 325-kilometre-long (202 mi) Havel is a right tributary of the Elbe. However, the direct distance from its source to its mouth is only 94 kilometres (58 mi). For much of its length, the Havel is navigable; it provides an important link in the waterway connections between the east and west of Germany, as well as beyond.
Trinitarianism in the Church Fathers
Debate exists as to whether the earliest Church Fathers in Christian history believed in the doctrine of the Trinity – the Christian doctrine that God the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit are three distinct persons sharing one homoousion (essence).

Some of the evidence used to support an early belief in the Trinity consists of triadic statements (referring to the Father, Son and Holy Spirit) from the New Testament and from the writings of the Church Fathers. The view that the Son was "of the substance of the Father, God of God [...] very God of very God" was formally ratified at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD. The Holy Spirit was included at the First Council of Constantinople (381 AD), which formally ratified the doctrine of the relationship between the Father, Son and Holy Spirit as one substance (ousia) and three co-equal persons (hypostaseis).

First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea (now İznik, Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The Council of Nicaea met from May until the end of July 325.

This ecumenical council was the first of many efforts to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all Christendom. Hosius of Corduba may have presided over its deliberations. Attended by at least 200 bishops, its main accomplishments were the settlement of the Christological issue of the divine nature of God the Son and his relationship to God the Father, the construction of the first part of the Nicene Creed, the mandating of uniform observance of the date of Easter, and the promulgation of early canon law.
Sperm whaling
Sperm whaling is the human practice of hunting sperm whales, the largest toothed whale and the deepest-diving marine mammal species, for the oil, meat and bone that can be extracted from the cetaceans' bodies.

Sperm whales are prized for the sperm oil, a waxy secretion that was especially popular as a lubricant and illuminant during the Industrial Revolution, and so they were heavily targeted in 19th-century commercial whaling, as exemplified in Moby Dick. Sperm oil has since been replaced by the cheaper kerosene-based products, but another unusual product, ambergris, is still valued as a perfume fixative. Although the animal is classified as a vulnerable species and commercial whaling has been banned since the 1970s, aboriginal whaling in limited numbers is still permitted for subsistence, notably from two villages in Indonesia.

Whale oil
Whale oil is oil obtained from the blubber of whales. Oil from the bowhead whale was sometimes known as train-oil, which comes from the Dutch word traan ("tear drop").

Sperm oil, a special kind of oil found in the head cavities of sperm whales, differs chemically from ordinary whale oil: it is composed mostly of liquid wax. Its properties and applications differ from those of detergentized whale oil, and it was sold for a higher price.
2013 Cincinnati Bengals season
The 2013 season was the Cincinnati Bengals' 44th in the National Football League (NFL), their 46th overall and their 11th under head coach Marvin Lewis. The Bengals improved on their 10–6 regular season record from 2012 and clinched the AFC North division title. However, the Bengals lost 27–10 to the San Diego Chargers in the playoffs – the third consecutive season that the Bengals had lost in the Wild Card round. Their training camp was featured on the HBO show Hard Knocks.

2012 Cincinnati Bengals season
The 2012 season was the Cincinnati Bengals' 43rd in the National Football League (NFL), their 45th overall, their 22nd under the leadership of owner and team president Mike Brown and their 10th under head coach Marvin Lewis. The team improved on their 2011 season, finishing tied with the Baltimore Ravens for the AFC North division title, but lost the tiebreaker to the Ravens. The Bengals, however, made the playoffs as a wild card team, finishing as the 6th seed in the AFC playoffs, but lost to the Houston Texans for a second consecutive season.

2012 was the first non-strike season in Bengals history in which they made it to the NFL playoffs for a second consecutive year.
Frederick Charles Lough
Frederick Charles Lough (1916–2002) was a U.S. Army Brigadier General. He was a Lieutenant Colonel (Signal Corps) during World War II and received a Legion of Merit award for exceptionally meritorious conduct. He was also a recipient of the Distinguished Service Medal.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
Daniel Funeriu
Daniel Petru Funeriu (born 11 April 1971) is a Romanian politician.

Born in Arad, he was a high school student when he fled Communist Romania for France in 1988. There, he studied chemistry at the University of Strasbourg, graduating in 1994 and obtaining a doctorate from the same institution in 1999.

University of Strasbourg
The University of Strasbourg (French: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France, with over 52000 students and 3300 researchers. Founded in the 16th century by Johannes Sturm, it was a center of intellectual life during the Age of Enlightenment.

In the 1970s, the old university was reorganized into three distinct institutions, which were consolidated in 2009. The current University of Strasbourg comprises 35 academic faculties, schools, and institutes, as well as 71 research laboratories spread across six campuses, including the historic site in the Neustadt.

Throughout its existence, Unistra alumni, faculty, or researchers have included 18 Nobel laureates, two Fields Medalists and a wide range of notable individuals in their respective fields. Among them are Goethe, statesman Robert Schuman, historian Marc Bloch and several chemists such as Louis Pasteur.
Helicon Filter
Helicon Filter, also referred to as Helicon, Filter, or as HF, was a proprietary commercial and shareware photo editing software program for Microsoft Windows, similar to such programs as Adobe Photoshop and GIMP, developed and published by Helicon Soft Ltd. Unlike these other programs, Helicon Filter is designed primarily to edit and improve existing photos and not for graphics creation. Helicon Filter's interface also differs from other programs in that compact toolbars and menus containing editing tools are replaced with labeled "filter" tabs, each tab containing labeled edit options specific to a single aspect of the picture. Although some editors used to Photoshop-style programs may initially find this layout unfamiliar and unlike the standard toolbar layout, beginners and those who don't recognize the standard icons generally find this very helpful for getting through the editing process.

Raster graphics editor
A raster graphics editor (also called bitmap graphics editor) is a computer program that allows users to create and edit images interactively on the computer screen and save them in one of many raster graphics file formats (also known as bitmap images) such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF.
Adam Engel
Adam Trevor Engel (born December 9, 1991) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox and San Diego Padres. He was drafted by the White Sox in the 19th round of the 2013 MLB draft, and made his MLB debut with them in 2017.

2013 Major League Baseball draft
The 2013 Major League Baseball draft was held from June 6 through June 8, 2013. The first two rounds were broadcast from Studio 42 of the MLB Network in Secaucus, New Jersey.

Each team received one selection per round, going in reverse order of the 2012 MLB season final standings. In addition, teams could receive compensation draft picks if they had made a qualifying offer to a free agent player from their team, and the player rejected the offer and signed with another team.
Hussar Tenement
The Hussar Tenement (Polish: Kamienica „pod Husarzem”) was a tenement residential building, located in the city of Warsaw, Poland, at 74 Marszałkowska Street, near the crossing with Hoża Street. The building was built in 1898. The name  refers to the statue of John III Sobieski in hussar armor on top of the building.

The building was destroyed during the Second World War, and removed after 1944. In its place, in the 1960s, was built a multifamily residential building designed in the socialist realism style, which exists to the present day.

Marszałkowska Street, Warsaw
Marszałkowska Street (Polish: ulica Marszałkowska), also known by its English name Marshal Street, is one of the main thoroughfares of Warsaw, Poland, located in the district of Śródmieście. It runs along the north–south axis, from Bank Square in the north to the Union of Lublin Square in the south.
Ziaism
Ziaism  is a political ideology implemented in Pakistan from 1978 to 1988 by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. The ideology endorses the idea of an Islamic state, influenced heavily by religion. It includes Islamic laws, Islamization, industrialisation, privatisation, militarism and authoritarianism. Zia and his doctrine are widely credited with making political Islam an influential movement within Pakistan, turning a relatively secular country into one that was based on Islamic law.

The ideology attracts much controversy, especially in Pakistan, where religious and secular ideas collide.

Secularism in Pakistan
Pakistan was founded on the concept of the two-nation theory, which was largely based on Muslim nationalism. The Zia-ul-Haq administration in the 1980s decade was anti-secular and Islamist. The supporters of Islamism assert that Pakistan was founded as a Muslim state and that in its status as an Islamic republic, it must thereby implement Islamic laws, known as Sharia. On the other hand, secularists describe that Muhammad Ali Jinnah wanted a state where religious oligarchy will be absent and all Muslims will be liberal, he envisioned for a progressive and liberal Muslim state of Pakistan. The Constitution of Pakistan also prohibits non-muslims from becoming Prime Minister or President.

One of Pakistan's most popular media outlets, Dawn, was originally founded by Jinnah and still identifies as secular. Other popular media outlets like Express Tribune, Daily Times, and Pakistan Today also identify on a liberal and progressive platform.
S. Suleman
Syed Suleman (29 December 1938 – 14 April 2021), also known as S. Suleman or Sullu Bhai, was a Pakistani film director. He also appeared in Bollywood films with minor roles before migrating to Pakistan and after migration, he directed around forty-eight films in Pakistan film industry, including two Punjabi films between 1961 and 1998.

He made his acting debut with an Indian film Mela playing the younger role of Dilip Kumar. He made his directorial debut with Gulfam (1961) while his last film as a director is Very Good Dunya Very Bad Log (1998). Zeenat (1975) is the first film of Suleman which helped him to earn his first Nigar Awards — Best Director. He also directed Urdu TV serials after leaving Pakistan film industry.

Nigar Awards
The Nigar Awards (Urdu: نگارانعامات, romanized: Negār Inʿāmaʿat, lit. 'Picture Awards') were presented in an annual award show to recognize outstanding achievement in Pakistani cinema. The honors were awarded by Nigar Magazine founded in 1948. The Nigar Awards were Pakistan's version of the Academy Awards. The awards show had been discontinued for some 15 year, and a revival was planned in 2017.

The annual presentation ceremony featured performances by prominent artists. The first Nigar Awards ceremony was held in 1957, to honor the accomplishments of Pakistani cinema for the year 1956. In 2002, following the 46th Annual Nigar Awards, Nigar Magazine announced its discontinuation of the awards due to the collapse of the Pakistani cinema industry.

After a 15-year hiatus, with the revival of Pakistani cinema, the 47th Nigar Awards were announced to be held on 16 March 2017 in Karachi. They were eventually cancelled.
2025 GT World Challenge America
The 2025 GT World Challenge America Powered by AWS was the nineteenth season of the United States Auto Club's GT World Challenge America, and the eighth under ownership of SRO Motorsports Group.

The season began at Sonoma on March 28, and finished at Indianapolis on October 18.

SRO Motorsports Group
SRO Motorsports Group (formerly the Stéphane Ratel Organisation) is an international sporting organisation best known for promoting and running a variety of racing events and series, including the CrowdStrike 24 Hours of Spa, Intercontinental GT Challenge and Fanatec GT World Challenge Europe.

The company was founded in 1995 by Stéphane Ratel and is now considered the global leader in GT racing. SRO also organises the multi-disciplinary FIA Motorsport Games, as well as e-sports events and touring car categories. As of 2020 it keeps offices in London, Paris, Liège and Hong Kong, while Ratel continues to act as CEO.
Group Therapy (Dope album)
Group Therapy is the third studio album by American industrial metal band Dope. The enhanced portion of the album contains a music video for each song. Group Therapy shows the band expanding on the more alternative metal style music the band had started on their previous album, Life, and most of the industrial style music has been toned down. The album contains some of the band's most heavy and aggressive songs while certain songs such as "Sing", "Another Day Goes By" and "Easier" show a softer, more melodic sound. In the second half of 2004 the album had already sold about 37,749 in United States. "Now is the Time" was used in an episode of Dog the Bounty Hunter, while "Today is the Day" was the theme for WWE's No Mercy event in October 2003

Life (Dope album)
Life (stylized LIFE) is the second studio album by American industrial metal band Dope. It was released on November 6, 2001 on Epic Records and Flip Records. Life has sold over 73,000 copies in the United States. The album's sound bears a resemblance to that of Marilyn Manson with nu metal elements. Life is Dope's final release through Epic and Flip, as the band severed their relationship with the companies after Epic Records' lack of promotion.
WOCN-FM
WOCN-FM (104.7 FM, "Ocean 104.7") is a soft adult contemporary radio station licensed to Orleans, Massachusetts. The station is licensed to Sandab Communications (doing business as Cape Cod Broadcasting) and operated locally.  WOCN-FM is a sister station to WQRC, WFCC-FM, and WKPE-FM.

WOCN-FM is frequently one of the Cape's most-listened-to radio stations, especially among adults 45 and older.

Artists that are played on WOCN-FM include the Beatles, Carly Simon, James Taylor, Norah Jones, Fleetwood Mac and others.  WOCN-FM continues to serve the Cape Cod community with hourly weather forecasts, news updates and community information. Although previously playing more soft AC, it has shifted to play more current artists (e.g. Mariah Carey, Sara Bareilles, The Band Perry, Sheryl Crow, Cher).

WQRC
WQRC (99.9 FM; "99.9 The Q") is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary format. Licensed to Barnstable, Massachusetts, United States, the station serves the Cape Cod region.  The station is owned by Sandab Communications Limited Partnership II, doing business as CCB Media (Cape Cod Broadcasting Media) and features programming from AP Radio and Westwood One.
William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt
Field Marshal William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt, GCB (20 March 1743 – 17 June 1830) was a British Army officer. In the Seven Years' War, he served as an aide-de-camp to Lord Albemarle during the expedition to Havana. He also commanded his regiment at the Battle of White Plains and then captured General Charles Lee at Basking Ridge during the American War of Independence. After that he commanded the British Cavalry at the Battle of Willems during the Flanders campaign. He succeeded the Duke of York as commander during that campaign and oversaw the British retreat and their final evacuation from Bremen. His last main military role was as Governor of the Royal Military College at Great Marlow.

George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle
General George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle, KG, CB (8 April 1724 – 13 October 1772), styled Viscount Bury until 1754, was a British Army officer and politician who served in the War of the Austrian Succession, Jacobite rising of 1745 and Seven Years' War. He is best known for his victory over the Spanish during the siege of Havana in 1762.
E. F. Troy
Edward Francis Troy (30 January 1856 – 7 April 1910) was a stained glass artist and decorative painter in Adelaide, South Australia, and a founder, in 1884, of the St Vincent de Paul Society in that State.

Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
The Society of Saint Vincent de Paul (SVP or SVdP or SSVP) is an international voluntary organization in the Catholic Church, founded in 1833 for the sanctification of its members by personal service of the poor. Started by Frédéric Ozanam and Emmanuel-Joseph Bailly de Surcy and named after Vincent de Paul, the organization is part of the global Vincentian Family of Catholic organizations.

Innumerable Catholic parishes have established "conferences", most of which affiliate with a diocesan council. Among its varied efforts to offer material help to the poor or needy, the Society also has thrift stores or "op shops" which sell donated goods at a low price and raise money for the poor. There are a great variety of outreach programs sponsored by the local conferences and councils, addressing local needs for social services.
Equestrian statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni (Szczecin)
The equestrian statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni is a bronze equestrian statue in Szczecin, Poland, placed at the Aviators Square, within the neighbourhood of Centrum. It is dedicate to Bartolomeo Colleoni, a 15-century mercenary and a captain general in service of the Republic of Venice. The sculpture was made in a electrotyping technique in 1909, as a copy of a 1495 statue in Venice, Italy by Andrea del Verrocchio. It was originally unveiled as part of the exhibition in the National Museum in Szczecin in 2013. In 1948, it was moved to Warsaw, Poland, and in 1950, placed at the courtyard of the Czapski Palace, belonging to the Academy of Fine Arts. On 21 August 2002, it was returned to Szczecin and placed at its current location. Its replica remains in Warsaw.

Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw
Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw (Polish: Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie) is a public university of visual arts and applied arts located in the Polish capital. The academy traces its history back to the Department of Arts founded at the Warsaw University in the Duchy of Warsaw in 1812. As a separate institution it was founded in 1844 in Congress Poland. In an upgrade in 1904 it was named the Warsaw School of Fine Arts; and in 1932 it received recognition as an academy. At first the institute did not have its own building and classes were held in several locations around the city. Following an architectural competition a design by Alfons Gravier was chosen and construction began in 1911. The building was completed by the outbreak of the First World War.
Julia Soldatova
Julia Nikolayevna Soldatova (Russian: Юлия Николаевна Солдатова; born 17 May 1981) is a Russian former competitive figure skater who competed for both Russia and Belarus. She represented Belarus at the 2002 Winter Olympics. She is the World Junior champion, the World bronze medalist, the European silver medalist, and the 1997 JGP Final champion.

1998 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 1998 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada between November 30 and December 7, 1997. Younger figure skaters competed for the title of World Junior Champion.
Roy Hendriksen
Roy Pierre Vernond Hendriksen (born 21 January 1969) is a Dutch professional football manager, coach and former player. During his 16-year playing career he played Eredivisie football with SC Cambuur, before retiring in 2007 and entering management with Zeelandia Middelburg. He later served as assistant manager at RKC Waalwijk, N.E.C, Brentford, Sporting CP, Al Jazira and Dewa United.

NEC Nijmegen
NEC Nijmegen (Nijmegen Eendracht Combinatie), commonly known as NEC (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛneːˈseː]), is a professional Dutch association football club based in Nijmegen. The club currently competes in the Eredivisie, the top tier of Dutch football, following promotion from the 2020–21 Eerste Divisie.

The club has reached the final of the KNVB Cup on five occasions – in 1973, 1983, 1994, 2000 and 2024 – but has never won the cup.
Scottsville and LeRoy Railroad
The Scottsville and LeRoy Railroad was a horse-drawn short-line railroad running from Scottsville to Caledonia, in New York State, in the United States of America. It was chartered in 1836 and ran until 1840, when changes in the canal system reduced demand. The eight-mile long line used wooden rails, which were a continual source of derailments.

Scottsville, New York
Scottsville is a village within the town of Wheatland in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 2,009 at the 2020 census. The village is named after an early settler, Isaac Scott, and is within the Rochester metropolitan area.
Mohamed Kahin Ahmed
Mohamed Kahin Ahmed (Somali: Maxamed Kaahin Axmed, Arabic: محمد كاهن أحمد) is a Somaliland politician and former military officer of the Somali National Movement. He serves as chairman of the Kulmiye party since 21 August 2023. He also served as the Minister of Interior of Somaliland from 14 December 2017 until 13 December 2024 when he was succeeded by Abdalle Mohamed Arab.

Ministry of Interior (Somaliland)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs & Security Of Republic of Somaliland) "(MoIAS)" (Somali: Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha Iyo Amniga Qaranka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland) (Arabic: وزارة الداخلية)  is a Somaliland government ministry, tasked and primarily responsible for  the internal policies, state security, administration of internal affairs involving the state, the current minister is Abdalle Mohamed Arab