hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hikone Domain
Hikone Domain (彦根藩, Hikone-han) was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of  Edo period Japan.  It was located in eastern Ōmi Province, in the Kansai region of central Honshu. The domain was centered at Hikone Castle, located in what is now the city of  Hikone in Shiga Prefecture. It was ruled throughout its history by the Ii clan.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Inner loop
In computer programs, an important form of control flow is the loop which causes a block of code to be executed more than once. A common idiom is to have a loop nested inside another loop, with the contained loop being commonly referred to as the inner loop.

Loop (statement)
In computer programming, a loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly, usually with minor alterations between repetitions. Loops can be used to perform a repeated action on all items in a collection, or to implement a long lived program.
Heighington railway station
Heighington is a railway station on the Tees Valley Line, which runs between Bishop Auckland and Saltburn via Darlington. The station, situated 5 miles 62 chains (9.3 km) north-west of Darlington, serves the villages of Aycliffe and Heighington in County Durham, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains. It is possibly the world's first railway station, according to Historic England.

The station is on the Bishop Line, which is a community railway between Bishop Auckland and Darlington. It is somewhat unusual in that its platforms are staggered, sited either side of a level crossing. The station has kept its listed manual signal box (which supervises the aforementioned crossing, the connection into the Hitachi plant and the single line section south of here through to Darlington), but this had its semaphore signals replaced by colour lights when the connection into the Hitachi factory was installed and commissioned in November 2014.

Darlington railway station
Darlington railway station is a principal stop on the East Coast Main Line, serving the town of Darlington in County Durham, England. It is 232 miles 50 chains (232.63 miles; 374.37 kilometres) north of London King's Cross.  It is situated between Northallerton to the south and Durham to the north. Its three-letter station code is DAR.

The station is well served, because it is an important stop for main line services, with trains operated by London North Eastern Railway, CrossCountry and TransPennine Express. It is also the interchange for Northern Trains services to Bishop Auckland, Middlesbrough and Saltburn.

Darlington is the location of the first commercial steam railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway. The station building is a Grade II* listed Victorian structure and winner of the Large Station of the Year award in 2005.
Adolphe Beaufrère
Adolphe Beaufrère (March 24, 1876 in Quimper – February 16, 1960 in Larmor-Plage) was a French painter, illustrator, and engraver.

Beaufrère joined the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1897 where he studied under Gustave Moreau and Fernand Cormon. Besides painting, he also worked in printmaking. His first exhibition was in 1898 at the Salon. In 1911, a scholarship enabled him to travel to Algeria, Italy and Spain. During the First World War, he served in the infantry. In 1922, he decided to settle permanently in Larmor-Plage. He primarily used etching and drypoint, with some attempts at woodcut.

In 1949, he illustrated Forest Voisine Mauritius Genevoix (Contemporary Books, 1949). He also contributed to the Ernest de Ganay (Society of St. Eloy, 1957) series of books Castles of Ile-de-France, and Old Abbeys of Ile-de-France Louis Reau (Society of St. Eloy, 1955) with fellow illustrator Henry Cheffer.

Fernand Cormon
Fernand Cormon (French pronunciation: [fɛʁnɑ̃ kɔʁmɔ̃]; 24 December 1845 – 20 March 1924) was a French painter born in Paris. He became a pupil of Alexandre Cabanel, Eugène Fromentin, and Jean-François Portaels, and one of the leading historical painters of modern France.
UEFA Euro 1980 final
The UEFA Euro 1980 final was the final match of UEFA Euro 1980, the sixth European Championship, UEFA's top football competition for national teams. The match was played at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy, on 22 June 1980, and was contested between Belgium and West Germany.

En route to the final, Belgium finished top of their qualifying group, before reaching the final as winners of the tournament's Group 2, which included Italy, England and Spain. West Germany, who had ended the previous European Championship as runners-up, also won their qualifying group, and went on to secure a spot in the final after finishing top of the tournament's Group 1, which included Greece, Czechoslovakia and the Netherlands.

The final took place in front of 47,860 spectators, with Nicolae Rainea from Romania acting as the referee. West Germany won 2–1 to secure a second European Championship title in three attempts.

UEFA Euro 1980 qualifying Group 7
Standings and results for Group 7 of the UEFA Euro 1980 qualifying tournament.

Group 7 consisted of West Germany, Wales, Turkey and Malta. West Germany easily won the group, outrunning Turkey by three points.
Ahirwati
Ahirwati (Ahīrvāṭī, sometimes also known as Hīrwāṭī) is an Indo-Aryan dialect of India. It is spoken within the Ahirwal region located to the south-west of the capital Delhi. It belongs to the Rajasthani language group and is commonly taken to be a dialect of Mewati, but in many respects it is intermediate with the neighbouring varieties of Haryanvi and Bagri, and is especially close to Shekhawati.

There are no reliable census figures for the number of speakers. In the past it was variously written in either Devanagari, Gurmukhi, or the Perso-Arabic script.

A peculiar feature of the grammar of Ahirwati is the use of the same postposition to mark both the agent (in certain tenses) and the object.

Haryanvi language
Haryanvi (हरियाणवी or हरयाणवी) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in the Indian state of Haryana and the territory of Delhi. Haryanvi is considered to be part of the dialect group of Western Hindi, which also includes Khariboli and Braj. It is written in the Devanagari script.

The Rangri dialect of Haryanvi of the Ranghar community is still spoken by Muhajir emigres in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh, though it has become extinct within Haryana itself. The dialect is written in the Nastaliq variant of the Perso-Arabic script.
Tanneguy du Châtel
Tanneguy III du Châtel (also spelt Tanguy; 1369–1449) was a Breton knight who fought in the Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War and the Hundred Years' War. A member of the Armagnac party, he became a leading adviser of King Charles VII of France, and was one of the murderers of Duke John the Fearless of Burgundy in 1419.

Armagnac (party)
The Armagnac (US: /ˌɑːrmənˈjæk, ˌɑːrmɑːnˈjɑːk/, French: [aʁmaɲak] ⓘ) faction was prominent in French politics and warfare during the Hundred Years' War.  It was allied with the supporters of Charles, Duke of Orléans against John the Fearless after Charles' father Louis of Orléans was killed on a Paris street on the orders of the Duke of Burgundy on 23 November 1407.

The Armagnac Faction took its name from Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac (1360–1418), Charles' father-in-law. He guided the teen-aged Charles and provided much of the financing and some of the seasoned Gascon troops that besieged Paris before their defeat at Saint-Cloud.
Fattoush
Fattoush (Arabic: فتوش; also fattush, fatush, fattoosh, and fattouche) is a Levantine salad made from toasted or fried pieces of pita combined with mixed greens and other vegetables, such as radishes, cucumber and tomatoes. Fattoush is a common part of meals in communities in the Levant.

Pita
Pita (/ˈpɪtə/ or US: /ˈpiːtə/; Greek: πίτα; Hebrew: פִּתָּה) or pitta (British English), also known as Arabic bread, Arab bread (Arabic: خبز عربي, romanized: khubz ʿArabī), Syrian bread, Lebanese bread, and pide (Turkish) is a family of yeast-leavened round flatbreads baked from wheat flour, common in the Mediterranean, Middle East, and neighboring areas. It includes the widely known version with an interior pocket. In the United Kingdom, the term is used for pocket versions such as the Greek pita, used for barbecues as a souvlaki wrap. The Western name pita may sometimes be used to refer to various other types of flatbreads that have different names in their local languages, such as numerous styles of Arab khubz ('bread').
Fantasy Congress
Fantasy Congress is an online game structured like fantasy sports where data gathered about congress is converted into points. Players create teams of individuals elected to the US House and Senate and members of congress acquire points based on legislative activity. Like fantasy sports, teams compete in small groups called leagues. At the end of the "season", each team with the most points in their league wins.

Fantasy sport
A fantasy sport (also known less commonly as rotisserie or roto) is a game, often played using the internet, where participants assemble imaginary or virtual teams composed of proxies of real players of a professional sport. These teams compete based on the statistical performance of those players in actual games. This performance is converted into points that are compiled and totaled according to a roster selected by each fantasy team's manager. These point systems can be simple enough to be manually calculated by a "league commissioner" who coordinates and manages the overall league, or points can be compiled and calculated using computers tracking actual results of the professional sport. In fantasy sports, as in real sports, team owners draft, trade, and cut (drop) players.
Hawk Mill, Shaw
Hawk Mill, Shaw was a cotton spinning mill in Shaw, Oldham, Greater Manchester. It was built in 1908. It was taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in the 1931 and passed to Courtaulds in 1964. The mill closed in 1967, and was demolished in 1991.

Lancashire Cotton Corporation
The Lancashire Cotton Corporation was a company set up by the Bank of England in 1929, to rescue the Lancashire spinning industry by means of horizontal rationalisation. In merged 105 companies, ending up in 1950 with 53 operating mills. It was bought up by Courtaulds in August 1964.
Trevor Jones (admiral)
Rear Admiral Trevor Norman Jones, AO, DSC, CSC is a retired senior officer in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). He served as Deputy Chief of Navy from 2011 to 2013, Head Military Strategic Commitments from April 2013 to December 2014, and the Commander Joint Task Force 633 from December 2014 to January 2016.

Conspicuous Service Cross (Australia)
The Conspicuous Service Cross (CSC) is a decoration (medal) of the Australian honours system. It is awarded to members of the Australian Defence Force "for outstanding devotion to duty or outstanding achievement in the application of exceptional skills, judgment or dedication, in non-warlike situations". In November 2019, 1129 people were listed as recipients. All ranks are eligible for the award.
Regal Classic
Regal Classic (March 28, 1985 - April 5, 2012) was a Canadian Thoroughbred racehorse. In 1987, he earned the Sovereign Award for Champion 2-Year-Old Colt after winning the Summer Stakes, Cup and Saucer, Grey Stakes and Coronation Futurity, plus finishing second in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile. At age three, he started his campaign on the American Triple Crown trail, where he finished fifth in the Kentucky Derby and sixth in the Preakness. He then returned to Canada where he finished second in the Queen's Plate and won the Prince of Wales, the second leg of the Canadian Triple Crown.

Canadian Champion Two-Year-Old Colt
The Canadian Champion Two-Year-Old Colt is a  Canadian Thoroughbred horse racing honour. Created in 1975 by the Jockey Club of Canada, it is part of the Sovereign Awards program and is awarded annually to the top 2-Year-Old male Thoroughbred horse competing in Canada.
Test of English as a Foreign Language
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL /ˈtoʊfəl/ TOH-fəl) is a standardized test to measure the English language ability of non-native speakers wishing to enroll in English-speaking universities. The test is accepted by more than 11,000 universities and other institutions in over 190 countries and territories. TOEFL is one of several major English-language tests worldwide, including IELTS, PTE, Duolingo English Test, Cambridge Assessment English, and Trinity College London exams.

TOEFL is a trademark of the Educational Testing Service (ETS), a private non-profit organization, which designs and administers the tests. ETS issues official score reports which are sent independently to institutions and are valid for two years following the test.

Cambridge Assessment English
Cambridge Assessment English or Cambridge English develops and produces Cambridge English Qualifications and the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). The organisation contributed to the development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the standard used around the world to benchmark language skills, and its qualifications and tests are aligned with CEFR levels.

Cambridge Assessment English is part of Cambridge Assessment, a non-teaching department of the University of Cambridge which merged with Cambridge University Press to form Cambridge University Press & Assessment in August 2021.
Bernat de Rocafort
Bernat de Rocafort (also known as Berenguer de Rocafort; 1271–1309) was a mercenary commander and the third leader of the Catalan Company during its campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Initially a vassal of Frederick III of Sicily in Calabria, he joined the Company around 1303 and rose to prominence after the assassination of its commander, Roger de Flor. Elected leader in 1305, Rocafort consolidated control over the Company, recruited Turkish mercenaries, and directed its operations across Thrace and Macedonia. Accounts of Rocafort's final actions differ. Historian Donald Nicol records that he lost the confidence of his men and was replaced, while other sources state that he was arrested in 1309, handed to Robert I of Naples, and died in prison at Aversa.

Roger de Flor
Roger de Flor (c. 1267 – 30 April 1305), also known as Ruggero/Ruggiero da Fiore or Rutger von Blum or Ruggero Flores, was an Italian military adventurer and condottiere active in Aragonese Sicily, Italy, and the Byzantine Empire. He was the commander of the Great Catalan Company and held the title Count of Malta.
Cali Fund
The Cali Fund, also known as the Cali Fund for the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits from the Use of Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources (DSI), is a global financial mechanism established under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to facilitate fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use of DSI.

Launched on February 25, 2025, in Rome, Italy, during the resumed session of the 16th Conference of the Parties (COP 16) to the CBD, the fund aims to mobilize resources from private sector entities utilizing digital sequence information (DSI) on genetic resources, ensuring equitable benefit-sharing with biodiversity-rich countries, indigenous peoples, and local communities.

2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference
The 2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference of the Parties (COP16) to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was a conference that was held from 21 October to 1 November 2024, in Cali, Colombia. The monitoring framework agreed at the previous conference should allow the progress of the countries towards national goals and targets under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to be evaluated.

Following a partial collapse in the original negotiations, an extended session of the COP16 was held in Rome, Italy, from 25 to 27 February 2025, as the participating nations eventually agreed on a roadmap to provide developing countries with US$200 billion a year to finance the implementation of conservation targets by 2030.
East Siberian Laika
The East Siberian Laika (Russian: Восточносибирская лайка, romanized: Vostotchno-Sibirskaia Laika) is a Russian laika of spitz type, a hunting dog originating in parts of Siberia east of the Yenisei River.

Hunting dog
A hunting dog is a dog that hunts with or for hunters. There are several different types of hunting dog developed for various tasks and purposes. The major categories of hunting dog include hounds, terriers, cur type dogs, and gun dogs. Further distinctions within these categories can be made, based upon the dog's skills and capabilities. They are usually larger and have a more sensitive smell than normal dogs.
Soccer Bowl Series '84
Soccer Bowl Series '84, also known as Soccer Bowl '84, was the championship series of the 1984 NASL season, and the last championship of the original NASL. In a departure from previous years, it was a best-of-three series between the Chicago Sting and the Toronto Blizzard as opposed to a single-game championship. The first game of the series was held on Monday, October 1 at Comiskey Park, in Chicago, Illinois; the Sting won it, 2–1.  The second game was played at Varsity Stadium, in Toronto, Ontario on October 3. Chicago won again, this time by a score of 3–2, to sweep the series and claim its second North American championship.

1984 North American Soccer League season
The 1984 North American Soccer League season was the 72nd season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer, the 17th with a national first-division league, in the United States and Canada. It was the 17th and final season of the NASL.
S7 Airlines
S7 Airlines, legal name JSC Siberia Airlines (Russian: АО «Авиакомпания "Сибирь"», "АО Aviakompania Sibir"), is an airline headquartered in Ob, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, with offices in Moscow. As of 2008, it was Russia's largest domestic airline, with its main bases at Domodedovo International Airport and Tolmachevo Airport. It is a member of the Oneworld alliance, but its membership is currently suspended due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. It is also currently banned from flying into the EU like all other Russian airlines.

Tolmachevo Airport
Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport (Russian: Аэропо́рт Толмачёво) (IATA: OVB, ICAO: UNNT) is an international airport situated in the town of Ob, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the center of Novosibirsk, Siberia, Russia.
Experimental analysis of behavior
The experimental analysis of behavior is a science that studies the behavior of individuals across a variety of species. A key early scientist was B. F. Skinner who discovered operant behavior, reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, contingencies of reinforcement, stimulus control, shaping, intermittent schedules, discrimination, and generalization. A central method was the  examination of functional relations between environment and behavior, as opposed to hypothetico-deductive learning theory that had grown up in the comparative psychology of the 1920–1950 period. Skinner's approach was characterized by observation of measurable behavior which could be predicted and controlled. It owed its early success to the effectiveness of Skinner's procedures of operant conditioning, both in the laboratory and in behavior therapy.

Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process in which voluntary behaviors are modified by association with the addition (or removal) of reward or aversive stimuli. The frequency or duration of the behavior may increase through reinforcement or decrease through punishment or extinction.
Malickyella
Malickyella is a genus of snout moth in the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. The genus was described in 2010 by the German entomologists Wolfram Mey and Wolfgang Speidel based on material from South-East Asia. The four species of the genus are distributed in the lowland forests of the Indomalayan realm, stretching from the Indian state of Assam to the Philippines.

Although the larvae have not been described in detail, the larval food plant for at least one species is known: M. lobophoralis is feeding on Neobalanocarpus heimii, a hardwood tree species in the Dipterocarpaceae family.

The genus was named in honour of Prof. Dr. Hans Malicky, a renowned entomologist and specialist of caddisflies, on the occasion of his 75th birthday.

Malickyella lobophoralis
Mayickyella lobophoralis is a snout moth in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1896 in the genus Ambia based on specimens collected in the Indian states of Sikkim and Nagaland.

The species was formerly considered as a member of the Eoophyla lobophoralis species group in the Acentropinae, but was transferred to the newly created Spilomelinae genus Malickyella, of which M. lobophoralis is the type species.

Neobalanocarpus heimii, a hardwood tree species in the Dipterocarpaceae family, has been reported as the foodplant, where the larva feeds on the leaves.
St John's Cathedral (Hong Kong)
The Cathedral Church of Saint John the Evangelist is the cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Hong Kong Island, and mother church to the Province of Hong Kong and Macao. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Hong Kong and the Bishop of Hong Kong Island.

At Garden Road, Central, the cathedral is located in a central location, surrounded by the Bank of China Tower, Cheung Kong Center, HSBC Main Building, Court of Final Appeal Building, Former Central Government Offices, and the Former French Mission Building.

St John's Cathedral is one of the five cathedrals in Hong Kong. The others are Holy Trinity Cathedral (Anglican), All Saints’ Cathedral (Anglican), St Luke Orthodox Cathedral (Eastern Orthodox), and the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Roman Catholic).

Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui
The Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui (abbreviated SKH, lit. "Hong Kong Holy Catholic Church"), also known as the Hong Kong Anglican Church (Episcopal), is the Anglican church in Hong Kong and Macao. It is the 38th Province of the Anglican Communion. It is also one of the major denominations in Hong Kong and the first in the Anglican Communion to ordain a female priest.

The Province of Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui is divided into three dioceses in Hong Kong and one missionary area in Macau. Each diocese is led by a bishop and the missionary area is directly led by the Archbishop.

The primate of Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui holds the title of Archbishop of Hong Kong, and is elected from the diocesan bishops of the province. Andrew Chan is the current Archbishop and Primate and Bishop of Western Kowloon. Timothy Kwok is Bishop of Eastern Kowloon and Matthias Der is Bishop of Hong Kong Island. Peter Douglas Koon is the provincial secretary general. The church has approximately 29,000 members.