hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sambandam
Sambandam was the traditional marriage practiced by Nambudiris, Nairs, Samanthan and Ambalavasis among their own communities as well as with each other, in Kerala, India.

"Sambandham" was derived from the Sanskrit words "Sama" meaning "equal" and "Bandham" meaning "alliance."

Samantan
Samantan, also known as Samanthan Nair or Samantha Kshatriya (meaning "Kshatriyas without Vedic rituals" or "equal to"), was a generic term applied to dignify a group of sub-clans among the Naduvazhi (ruling elites) and  Jenmimar (feudal lords) of the Nair community in Kerala, India.
Normal-Wishart distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the normal-Wishart distribution (or Gaussian-Wishart distribution) is a multivariate four-parameter family of continuous probability distributions. It is the conjugate prior of a multivariate normal distribution with unknown mean and precision matrix (the inverse of the covariance matrix).

Multivariate normal distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the multivariate normal distribution, multivariate Gaussian distribution, or joint normal distribution is a generalization of the one-dimensional (univariate) normal distribution to higher dimensions.  One definition is that a random vector is said to be k-variate normally distributed if every linear combination of its k components has a univariate normal distribution. Its importance derives mainly from the multivariate central limit theorem. The multivariate normal distribution is often used to describe, at least approximately, any set of (possibly) correlated real-valued random variables, each of which clusters around a mean value.
Michelle Chavez
Michelle Chavez was the Illinois State Representative for the 24th district which includes all of Cicero, Illinois and part of Berwyn, Illinois from 2005 to 2007.

Chavez, a Democrat, was elected in 2004, defeating incumbent Republican Frank Aguilar in what was thought to be a non-competitive race. She had run in the primary, allegedly at the behest of Aguilar, and won the Democratic nomination, after which she did very little campaigning, for the general election.

Chavez was defeated in her bid for re-election on March 21, 2006 in the Democratic primary by Elizabeth "Lisa" Hernandez in a three way race. Chavez had previously defeated Hernandez for the Democratic nomination in 2004.

Elizabeth Hernandez (politician)
Elizabeth "Lisa" Hernandez (born July 14, 1961) is a member of the Illinois House of Representatives for the 2nd district. The 2nd district, located in the Chicago area, includes parts of Berwyn, Brookfield, Cicero, Riverside, and Stickney and includes parts of the Chicago neighborhood of South Lawndale. Hernandez was born in Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri in 1961 and lives in Cicero with her husband Charles and their three children.
Blazing Star
Blazing Star is a 1998 horizontally scrolling shooter video game developed by Yumekobo and published by SNK for the Neo Geo arcade and home systems. It is a follow-up to Pulstar (1995), and features side-scrolling action similar to its predecessor and different ships with varying characteristics. It was made less challenging than its predecessor, and the graphic quality was improved upon.

The game was released to mixed reviews. It was commended for its graphics and boss design, and for keeping the Neo Geo shooter scene alive. It has received greater recognition in retrospective reviews when re-released on smartphones and home consoles through the ACA Neo Geo series. Critics continued to praise the boss battles and graphics, but criticized the uneven stage design.

Arcade Archives
Arcade Archives is a series of emulated arcade games developed and published by Hamster Corporation. A sub-series called ACA Neo Geo focuses on re-releasing SNK's Neo Geo titles in their original MVS arcade format, unlike many services that attempt to emulate the console versions. Individual games are released in a weekly format. Another sub-series called Console Archives focuses on releasing home console video games.
Shenzhou 14
Shenzhou 14 (Chinese: 神舟十四号; pinyin: Shénzhōu Shísì-hào; lit. 'Divine Boat Number 14') was a Chinese spaceflight to the Tiangong space station, launched on 5 June 2022. It carried three People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) taikonauts on board a Shenzhou spacecraft. The mission was the ninth crewed Chinese spaceflight and the fourteenth flight overall of the Shenzhou program.

Shenzhou (spacecraft)
Shenzhou (Chinese: 神舟; pinyin: Shénzhōu, /ˈʃɛnˈdʒoʊ/ shen-JOH; see § Etymology) is a Chinese spacecraft developed for the nation's crewed space program. Its design was based on Russia's Soyuz, but larger and modernized. Like Soyuz, Shenzhou is a single-use vehicle composed of three modules; a descent module which houses the crew during launch and reentry, an orbital module which provides additional living space and storage during orbit, but is jettisoned before reentry, and a service module responsible for propulsion and power, also discarded before reentry. For added safety and aerodynamics, the spacecraft is encased within a fairing and fitted with a launch escape system during liftoff.

Its maiden uncrewed flight, Shenzhou 1, was on 19 November 1999, with the first crewed mission, Shenzhou 5, taking flight on 15 October 2003. It is slated for replacement by the next-generation Mengzhou, currently in development, with a two module configuration.
H. David Burton
Harold David Burton (born April 25, 1938) was the thirteenth Presiding Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1995 to 2012 and has been the chairman of the University of Utah (U of U) board of trustees since 2016.

Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, to Latter-day Saint parents, Burton graduated from South High School in 1956 and then served as a missionary for the LDS Church in southern Australia in the late 1950s. He graduated from the U of U with a bachelor's degree in economics and completed an MBA from the University of Michigan. Early in his career, Burton worked for the Utah Tax Commission and for Kennecott Copper.

Presiding Bishop (LDS Church)
The presiding bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is a priesthood calling with church-wide authority. The presiding bishop is the highest leadership position within the church's Aaronic priesthood, although most of the work in this area is delegated to the church's Young Men general presidency. As of mid-November 2025, the church's current Presiding Bishop is W. Christopher Waddell.
Shrinjay Pratap Singh
Shrinjay Pratap Singh AVSM YSM is a Lieutenant general of the Indian Army, currently serving as the Director General of the Defence Intelligence Agency and Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Intelligence).

Yudh Seva Medal
The Yudh Seva Medal (lit. 'War Service Medal') is one of India's military decorations for distinguished service during wartime. It is awarded for a high degree of distinguished service in an operational context, which includes times of war, conflict, or hostilities and may be  awarded posthumously.

The award is the wartime equivalent of the Vishisht Seva Medal, which is a peacetime distinguished service decoration.

In 2019, Minty Agarwal became the first woman given the Yudh Seva Medal.
Australotitan
Australotitan (/ɔːˈstreɪloʊˈtaɪtən/) is an extinct genus of possibly titanosaurian somphospondylan dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Winton Formation (Cenomanian–Turonian) of southern-central Queensland, Australia. The genus contains a single species, A. cooperensis, known from multiple partial skeletons. The genus Australotitan may be synonymous with Diamantinasaurus, a contemporary relative.

Somphospondyli
Somphospondyli is an extinct clade of titanosauriform sauropods that lived from the Late Jurassic until the end of the Late Cretaceous, comprising all titanosauriforms more closely related to Titanosauria proper than Brachiosauridae. The remains of somphospondylans have been discovered on all continents.
Chiral anomaly
In theoretical physics, a chiral anomaly is the anomalous nonconservation of a chiral current. Such events are expected to be prohibited according to classical conservation laws, but it is known there must be ways they can be broken, because we have evidence of charge–parity non-conservation  ("CP violation"). It is possible that other imbalances have been caused by breaking of a chiral law of this kind. Many physicists suspect that the fact that the observable universe contains more matter than antimatter is caused by a chiral anomaly. Chiral symmetry breaking, which breaks chirality symmetry for fermions, can also happen without CP violation, which causes mass gaps between mesons in quantum chromodynamics.

Chirality (physics)
A chiral phenomenon is one that is not identical to its mirror image (see the article on mathematical chirality). The spin of a particle may be used to define a handedness, or helicity, for that particle, which, in the case of a massless particle, is the same as chirality. A  symmetry transformation between the two is called parity transformation. Invariance under parity transformation by a Dirac fermion is called chiral symmetry.
Bolivar station (Paris Métro)
Bolivar (French pronunciation: [bɔlivaʁ]) is a station on 7bis of the Paris Métro in the 19th arrondissement. It is named after the nearby avenue Simon Bolivar, which in turn was named after Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), liberator of several South American countries.

Paris Métro Line 7bis
Paris Métro Line 7bis is one of the sixteen subway lines currently open on the Paris Métro. It connects Louis Blanc, in the 10th arrondissement to Pré Saint-Gervais in the 19th arrondisement in the north-eastern part of the city. With a length of 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) and eight stations, the line is the second shortest on the Paris Métro, only longer than Line 3bis.

The line was opened in 1911, then operating as a branch of Line 7. However, due to a large difference in passenger numbers between this branch and the other Line 7 branch (then operating from Louis Blanc to the Porte de La Vilette station), the Pré-Saint-Gervais branch was separated from Line 7, forming the current Line 7bis.
Trg Oslobođenja - Alija Izetbegović
Trg oslobođenja - Alija Izetbegović is a square in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies between the municipalities Stari Grad and Centar. It links the main pedestrian thoroughfare of the Sarajevo old town, Ferhadija street, with Zelenih Beretki street, with the Dom Armije (1881). On its east side it hosts the Orthodox Cathedral (1874) and the University of Sarajevo School of Economics and Business (formerly the Faculty of Orthodox Theology). On its west is the Svjetlost building, while at its south, beyond Zelenih Beretki, stands the Dom Armije (1881)

Stari Grad, Sarajevo
Stari Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Стари Град, pronounced [stâːriː grâːd]; lit. "Old Town") is a municipality of the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the oldest and most historically significant part of Sarajevo. At its heart is the Baščaršija, the old town market sector where the city was founded by Ottoman general Isa-Beg Ishaković in the 15th century.
Iluro Sport Club
The Iluro Sport Club was a Spanish multi-sport club located in Mataró, Maresme, founded in 1912, considered the predecessor of the current CE Mataró. It contested two finals of the second category Catalan Championship in 1923 and 1924.

In addition to football, the club also created its sections of field hockey in 1928, basketball in 1939, also known as Iluro BC, which won the Catalan basketball Championship in 1934. The club disappeared in 1939.

CE Mataró
Club Esportiu Mataró is a Spanish football team based in Mataró, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1939, they currently play in the Segona Catalana – Group 2, holding home games at Municipal Carles Padrós, which has a capacity of 4,500.

The club competes in both association football and futsal, and also possessed a basketball team, whose women's section won three leagues from 1972 to 1974.
Thomas Merrill (racing driver)
Thomas Merrill (born April 17, 1986) is an American racing driver who competes in the Trans-Am Series.

Alongside Nicky Catsburg and Chandler Hull, he was the 2023 Asian Le Mans Series champion in the GT class. He also won the TA2-class title in the 2022 Trans-Am Series.

Nicky Catsburg
Nick Catsburg (born 15 February 1988 in Amersfoort) is a Dutch professional racing driver, currently competing in the IMSA SportsCar Championship with Corvette Racing by Pratt Miller Motorsports. He was also a factory driver for BMW from 2011 to 2022.

Having started off his career in single-seaters before moving to endurance racing, Catsburg is a two-time Nürburgring 24 Hours winner, with BMW in 2020 and with Ferrari in 2023. He has also won the Spa 24 Hours once overall, as well as the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 24 Hours of Daytona in class, both with Corvette. He has also gathered success in touring car racing, winning two races in the WTCC and one in its successor, the WTCR.
Vent (submarine)
In submarine technology, a ballast tank vent is a valve fitted to the top of a submarine's ballast tanks to let air escape from the top of the ballast tank and be replaced by water entering through the opening(s) called "flood ports" or "floods" at the bottom of the tank. The vent is controlled by operating gear.

Ballast tank
A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide hydrostatic stability for a vessel, to reduce or control buoyancy, as in a submarine, to correct trim or list, to provide a more even load distribution along the hull to reduce structural hogging or sagging stresses, or to increase draft, as in a semi-submersible vessel or platform, or a SWATH, to improve seakeeping. Using water in a tank provides easier weight adjustment than the stone or iron ballast used in older vessels, and makes it easy for the crew to reduce a vessel's draft when it enters shallower water, by temporarily pumping out ballast. Airships use ballast tanks mainly to control buoyancy and correct trim.
Stirtonia (mammal)
Stirtonia is an extinct genus of New World monkeys from the Middle Miocene (Laventan in the South American land mammal ages; 13.8 to 11.8 Ma). Its remains have been found at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia. Two species have been described, S. victoriae and the type species S. tatacoensis. Synonyms are Homunculus tatacoensis, described by Ruben Arthur Stirton in 1951 and Kondous laventicus by Setoguchi in 1985. The genus is classified in Alouattini as an ancestor to the modern howler monkeys.

Laventan
The Laventan (Spanish: Laventense) age is a period of geologic time (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) within the Middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Colloncuran and precedes the Mayoan age.
ITU-T Study Group 15
The ITU-T Study Group 15 (SG15) 'Transport' is a standardization committee of ITU-T concerned with networks, technologies and infrastructures for transport, access and home. It responsible for standards such as GPON, G.fast, etc.

Administratively, SG15  is a statutory meeting of the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which creates the ITU-T Study Groups and appoints their management teams. The secretariat is provided by the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (under Director Chaesub Lee).

The goal of SG15 is to produce recommendations (international standards) for networks.

ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.509 for cybersecurity, Y.3172 and Y.3173 for machine learning, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression, between its Member States, Private Sector Members, and Academia Members.

The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), the sector's governing conference, convenes every four years.

ITU-T has a permanent secretariat called the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), which is based at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current director of the TSB is Seizo Onoe (of Japan), whose 4-year term commenced on 1 January 2023. Seizo Onoe succeeded Chaesub Lee of South Korea, who was director from 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2022.
Spectra Energy
Spectra Energy Corp, headquartered in Houston, Texas, operated in three key areas of the natural gas industry: transmission and storage, distribution, and gathering and processing.  Spectra was formed in late 2006 from the spin-off from Duke Energy.  Spectra owned the Texas Eastern Pipeline (TETCo), a major natural gas pipeline which brings gas from the Gulf of Mexico coast in Texas to the New York City area, which was one of the largest pipeline systems in the United States. Spectra also operated three oil pipelines. In February 2017, Spectra Energy merged into the Canadian company Enbridge.

Texas Eastern Transmission Pipeline
Texas Eastern Pipeline (TETCo) is a major natural gas pipeline which brings gas from the Gulf of Mexico coast in Texas and Louisiana up through Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania to deliver gas in the New York City area.  It is one of the largest pipeline systems in the United States.  It is owned by Enbridge.  Its FERC code is 17.

This pipeline was built as Big Inch by War Emergency Pipelines (WEP), a consortium of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, Texas Pipe Line Company, Cities Service, Socony-Vacuum Oil, Gulf Oil, Consolidated Oil, Shell Oil, Atlantic Refining, Tidewater Associated Oil, Sun Oil, and Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company.
El Capitan Granite
El Capitan Granite is a type of granite (also see granodiorite), in a large area near El Capitan, in Yosemite National Park, California, United States. The granite forms part of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (also known as Tuolumne Batholith), one of the four major intrusive suites within the Sierra Nevada.

El Capitan granite is mostly unjointed.

Tuolumne Intrusive Suite
The Tuolumne Intrusive Suite is the youngest and most extensive of the intrusive suites of Yosemite National Park, and also comprises about 1/3 of the park's area. The Suite includes Half Dome Granodiorite, Cathedral Peak Granite, and Kuna Crest Granodiorite.

The largest pluton of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite is Cathedral Peak Granodiorite, which extends long distances both the north and south of Tuolumne Meadows. The southwestern part of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite is made up of Half Dome Granodiorite. The youngest, smallest, and most central rock body is of the Johnson Granite Porphyry
Eva Harth
Eva M. Harth FRSC is a German-American polymer scientist and researcher, and a fellow of both the Royal Society of Chemistry and the American Chemical Society. She is a full professor at the University of Houston and director of the Welch Center for Excellence in Polymer Chemistry.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) is one of the most prestigious awards conferred by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom. Existing Fellows include award winning scientists and Nobel prize winners.
Mount Fricaba
Mount Fricaba is a 7,139-foot-elevation (2,176 m) double summit mountain located in the Olympic Mountains, in Jefferson County of Washington state. It is situated on the shared border of Olympic National Park with Buckhorn Wilderness, and is the highest point in that wilderness, as well as the Olympic National Forest. Its nearest higher peak is Hal Foss Peak, 0.74 miles (1.19 km) to the southwest. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains east into headwaters of the Dungeness River, or west into Deception Creek which is a tributary of the Dosewallips River. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1961 by the United States Board on Geographic Names based on usage by The Mountaineers since 1907, and inclusion in Fred Beckey's "Climber's Guide to the Cascade and Olympic Mountains of Washington" published in 1949. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1957 by Don Bechlem and Jack Newman.

Olympic Mountains
The Olympic Mountains are a mountain range on the Olympic Peninsula of the Pacific Northwest of the United States.  The mountains, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, are not especially high – Mount Olympus is the highest summit at 7,980 ft (2,432 m); however, the eastern slopes rise precipitously out of Puget Sound from sea level, and the western slopes are separated from the Pacific Ocean by the low-lying 20 to 35 km (12 to 22 mi) wide Pacific Ocean coastal plain. These densely forested western slopes are the wettest place in the 48 contiguous states. Most of the mountains are protected within the bounds of Olympic National Park and adjoining segments of Olympic National Forest.

The mountains are located in western Washington in the United States, spread out across four counties: Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson and Mason. Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which is in turn a part of the larger Pacific Mountain System.
2011 Swedish Golf Tour (women)
The 2011 Swedish Golf Tour, known as the Nordea Tour for sponsorship reasons, was the 26th season of the Swedish Golf Tour, a series of professional golf tournaments for women held in Sweden and Finland.

Johanna Johansson and Julia Davidsson both won two events, and Maria Ohlsson won the Order of Merit after four runner-up finishes.

Swedish Golf Tour (women)
The Swedish Golf Tour for women, since 2022 known as the Ahlsell Nordic Golf Tour for sponsorship reasons, is a professional golf tour for women held in Sweden and neighboring countries since 1986.

Before the establishment of the Ladies European Tour (LET) development tour, LET Access Series (LETAS) in 2010, the tour was the first official feeder tour for the LET. Starting in 2012 selected tournaments have been incorporated in the LETAS schedule, and since 2021, all scheduled tournaments.

The organization that runs the tour operate a corresponding men's Swedish Golf Tour, founded in 1984. The operating company, Svenska Golftourerna AB, was founded in 1988 jointly by the PGA of Sweden and the Swedish Golf Federation (SGF), to organize the two Swedish Golf Tours for men and women. Its first chairperson was Ola Öqvist. In 2018, the SGF became the sole owner and operator.
Market Arcade, Newport
Market Arcade (Welsh: Arcdêd y Farchnad) is a city centre Victorian shopping arcade in Newport, Wales. It also serves as a pedestrian route between High Street and Newport Market.

It is the second oldest Victorian arcade still in operation in Wales, the oldest in Newport, and one of the oldest in the UK.

Newport Market
Newport Market (also known as Newport Provisions Market) is a traditional Victorian indoor market in Newport, South Wales.  It is a Grade II-Listed building in the city centre, owned and operated by Newport City Council. The main structure, completed in 1889, is an early example of a large-span cast iron-frame building featuring a glazed barrel roof. The market re-opened in March 2022 as a multi-purpose food, retail and office space following a £5–6 million renovation.