hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johannes Virdung
Johann, Hans or Johannes Virdung of Hassfurt (15 March 1463 – 1538/39) was a celebrated astrologer of the early sixteenth century from the Electoral Palatinate. He had an official position at Heidelberg, at the court of the Elector Palatine. He wrote various works under generic names (Prognosticon, Practica), including a millennarian work, Practica von dem Entchrist around 1510.

He was a correspondent of Johannes Trithemius. One of the early sources for the Faust legend occurs in a letter of Trithemius to Virdung.

Virdung studied at the University of Leipzig beginning in 1481, then in Kraków from 1484 to 1486 or 1487. He returned to Leipzig in 1487, where he graduated as a "Magister" in 1491. It has been suggested that Virdung was of the school of the astronomer Albertus de Brudzewo, and had studied with him and Johannes de Glogovia in Kraków.

John of Głogów
John of Głogów (Polish: Jan z Głogowa, Jan Głogowczyk; German: Johann von Schelling von Glogau) (c. 1445 – 11 February 1507) was a notable Polish polyhistor at the turn of the Middle Ages and Renaissance—a philosopher, geographer and astronomer at the University of Krakow.
Riddle, Idaho
Riddle (Shoshoni language: Yakwahnim Paa) is an unincorporated community in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Idaho, in Owyhee County.  Located on SH-51, it is 13 miles (21 km) north of the border with Nevada and 79 miles (127 km) south of Mountain Home. The community lies at the north edge of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation.

The community has the name of the local Riddle family.

In 2000, the average median household income for the ZIP Code Tabulation Area that includes Grasmere and Riddle was $30,921.  Riddle's elevation is 5,367 feet (1,636 m) above sea level.

Riddle was the fictional location for the beginning and end of the film Vanishing Point (1997 remake).

Vanishing Point (1997 film)
Vanishing Point is a 1997 American action television film written and directed by Charles Robert Carner and starring Viggo Mortensen, Jason Priestley, Peta Wilson, Christine Elise, and Keith David. A remake of the 1971 film, it aired on the Fox television network on January 7, 1997. It features the same model 1970 Dodge Challenger R/T as the original film.
Chaney Glacier
Chaney Glacier is in Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. The glacier is situated in a cirque to the southeast of Mount Kipp on the eastern side of the Continental Divide. Chaney Glacier is one of several glaciers that have been selected for monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey's Glacier Monitoring Research program, which is researching changes to the mass balance of glaciers in and surrounding Glacier National Park.  The glacier is being monitored using remote sensing equipment and repeat photography, where images of the glacier are taken from identical locations periodically.

Since 1911, Chaney glacier has retreated considerably. Between 1966 and 2005, the glacier lost over 29 percent of its surface area. The repeat photographs below document the changes to the glacier from 1911 to 2005.

Chaney Glacier in 1911

Chaney glacier in 2005

Mount Kipp
Mount Kipp (8,844 feet (2,696 m)) is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Immediately east of the summit lies the retreating Chaney Glacier. Mount Kipp is situated along the Continental Divide. The mountain is presumed to have been named for Joe Kipp, a half-breed Indian trapper and scout who tried to prevent the Marias Massacre.
Neta Maughan
Neta Anne Maughan AM (born August 1938) is an Australian piano teacher. Her teaching career has spanned 63 years (2019) and in that time she has taught thousands of students in her main discipline of the piano, vocal, theory and accompaniment training.

Her pupils have included Michael Kieran Harvey, Bernadette Harvey, Neal Peres Da Costa, Simon Tedeschi, Anthony Fogg, Damian Whiteley, Emily Jeffrey, Stephen Delaney, Kathryn Lambert, Aaron McMillan, Marilyn Meier, Dennis Rees, and her own daughter Tamara-Anna Cislowska.

Tamara-Anna Cislowska
Tamara-Anna Cislowska is an Australian concert pianist. She has performed across many countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, South America, Italy, Japan, Germany, Switzerland, Greece, The Netherlands and Poland, and has played with the Philharmonia, the London Philharmonic Orchestra and Romanian Philharmonic orchestras as well as all six major Australian symphony orchestras.
Temple Hotels
Temple Hotels Inc. is a Canadian real-estate company that owns and manages hotels across Canada. By 2020, the company owned 28 hotels, nine of which were located in Fort McMurray, Alberta, and three in Saskatchewan, formerly including the Temple Gardens Hotel & Spa (its namesake).

Originally established as an income trust under the name Temple Real Estate Investment Trust, the company converted to a corporation under the name Temple Hotels Inc., effective December 31, 2012. Formerly listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol TPH, Temple was purchased by Morguard Corporation in February 2020 to become a subsidiary of Morguard.

Temple Gardens Hotel & Spa
The Temple Gardens Hotel & Spa (formerly Temple Gardens Mineral Spa) is a hotel located in downtown Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada.  The resort features 181 rooms, a spa, banquet facilities, a rooftop indoor/outdoor mineral pool, and is connected to Casino Moose Jaw.
Jeanius
Jeanius is the third studio album by American rapper Jean Grae. She worked on it with hip hop producer 9th Wonder and intended to release it in 2004, but the album leaked prematurely and spawned various pirated versions of the unfinished project. After Grae's record deal with the label, Jeanius was released on July 8, 2008, by Talib Kweli's Blacksmith Records.

Blacksmith Records
Blacksmith is a music management company and record label founded by Harlem-born Corey Smyth and Talib Kweli of Black Star in 2005.

Signees include Jean Grae, Strong Arm Steady, Vince Staples and Idle Warship. Kweli has stated he hopes to sign Camp Lo and had expressed interest in signing Rakim as well.

The label was originally distributed through Warner Bros. Records but split in December 2008. As of 2012, the label is defunct and was disbanded after Kweli's manager decided to focus the Blacksmith brand elsewhere as a Management company rather than a label. As of 2024, Blacksmith Management is home to artists such as Chad Hugo and Vince Staples.
Paratope
In immunology, a paratope, also known as an antigen-binding site, is the part of an antibody which recognizes and binds to an antigen. It is a small region at the tip of the antibody's antigen-binding fragment and contains parts of the antibody's heavy and light chains. Each paratope is made up of six complementarity-determining regions - three from each of the light and heavy chains - that extend from a fold of anti-parallel beta sheets. Each arm of the Y-shaped antibody has an identical paratope at the end.

Paratopes make up the parts of the B-cell receptor that bind to and make contact with the epitope of an antigen. All the B-cell receptors on any one individual B cell have identical paratopes. The uniqueness of a paratope allows it to bind to only one epitope with high affinity and as a result, each B cell can only respond to one epitope. The paratopes on B-cell receptors binding to their specific epitope is a critical step in the adaptive immune response.

Complementarity-determining region
Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) are polypeptide segments of the variable chains in immunoglobulins (antibodies) and T cell receptors, generated by B-cells and T-cells respectively. CDRs are where these molecules bind to their specific antigen and their structure/sequence determines the binding activity of the respective antibody. A set of CDRs constitutes a paratope, or the antigen-binding site. As the most variable parts of the molecules, CDRs are crucial to the diversity of antigen specificities generated by lymphocytes.
Pleasant Gap Township, Bates County, Missouri
Pleasant Gap Township is one of twenty-four townships in Bates County, Missouri, and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area within the USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 264.

The township took its name from the community of Pleasant Gap, Missouri.

Bates County, Missouri
Bates County is a county located in the west central part of the U.S. state of Missouri, two counties south of the Missouri River and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,042. Its county seat is Butler.  The county was organized in 1841 and named after Frederick Bates, the second Governor of Missouri.

This mostly rural county has an overwhelmingly ethnic European-American population, which has declined in number since the early 20th century as people have moved to cities.
Tricuspid valve stenosis
Tricuspid valve stenosis is a valvular heart disease that narrows the opening of the heart's tricuspid valve. It is a relatively rare condition that causes stenosis (increased restriction of blood flow through the valve).

Stenosis
Stenosis (from Ancient Greek  στενός (stenós) 'narrow') is the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture).

Stricture as a term is usually used when narrowing is caused by contraction of smooth muscle (e.g. achalasia, Prinzmetal angina); stenosis is usually used when narrowing is caused by lesion that reduces the space of lumen (e.g. atherosclerosis). The term coarctation is another synonym, but is commonly used only in the context of aortic coarctation.

Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis after a procedure.
Barcelona Pavilion
The Barcelona Pavilion (Catalan: Pavelló alemany; Spanish: Pabellón alemán; "German Pavilion") is a structure designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich. It was originally built as the German Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. This building was used for the official opening of the German section of the exhibition. It is an important building in the history of modern architecture, known for its simple form and its spectacular use of extravagant materials, such as marble, red onyx and travertine. The original structure was demolished in 1930, and it was reconstructed in 1986. Furnishings specifically designed for the building, including the Barcelona chair, are still in production, and the structure has inspired many important modernist buildings.

Georg Kolbe
Georg Kolbe (15 April 1877 – 20 November 1947) was a German sculptor. He was the leading German figure sculptor of his generation, in a vigorous, modern, simplified classical style similar to Aristide Maillol of France.
Shiva Regmi
Shiva Regmi (Nepali: शिव रेग्मी) (1965 – 9 December 2013) was a Nepali film director, producer and screenwriter. His debut film as a director was Aafanta, which was released in 1999, and his last film was So Simple, which was released in 2012. He has worked on over one hundred films. Regmi received the National Film Awards for best director in 2010 for his work on the film Duniya, and again in 2012 for his work on Kaha Bhetiyela. In 2013, he won the National Film Awards for best writer for his work on the film Hasi Deu Ek Phera. He is regarded as one of Nepal's earliest filmmakers to give female characters some significant roles at a time when traditional audiences tended to see the male lead as the only significant character in a movie.

National Film Awards (Nepal)
The National Film Awards is the most prominent and prestigious award of Nepali cinema. The first National Film Award was held in 2005, in the presence of His Majesty's King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah. The event is held at the residence of the president of Nepal and the president (as a Head of Nation) gives the awards to the winners in various categories. It is yearly organised by Film Development Board, Nepal (government organisation, which looks after film industry of Nepal).
2002 Hockey East men's ice hockey tournament
The 2002 Hockey East Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 18th tournament in the history of the conference. It was played between March 7 and March 16, 2002. Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites, while the final four games were played at the Fleet Center in Boston, Massachusetts, the home venue of the NHL's Boston Bruins. By winning the tournament New Hampshire received the Hockey East's automatic bid to the 2002 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

New Hampshire Wildcats men's ice hockey
The New Hampshire Wildcats men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the University of New Hampshire. The Wildcats are a member of Hockey East. They play at the Whittemore Center Arena in Durham, New Hampshire.
Magneto-optic Kerr effect
In physics the magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) or the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE)  is one of the magneto-optic effects. It describes the changes to light reflected from a magnetized surface.  It is used in materials science research in devices such as the Kerr microscope, to investigate the magnetization structure of materials.

John Kerr (physicist)
John Kerr FRS (/kɜːr/; 17 December 1824 – 15 August 1907) was a Scottish physicist and a pioneer in the field of electro-optics. He is best known for the discovery of what is now called the Kerr effect.
Luca De Aliprandini
Luca De Aliprandini (born 1 September 1990) is an Italian World Cup alpine ski racer and specializes in giant slalom. Born in Cles, Trentino, he competed for Italy at the 2014 Winter Olympics in alpine skiing, and again in 2018. At his second World Championships in 2021 at Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, De Aliprandini won the silver medal in the giant slalom. Ten months later, he gained his first World Cup podium, runner-up in giant slalom at Alta Badia.

He has been in a relationship with Swiss alpine ski racer Michelle Gisin since 2014. They announced their engagement in June 2024.

Cles
Cles (German: Glöß; Nones: Clés or Cliès) is a town and comune in Trentino, in the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region of northern Italy. It is the main town of Val di Non.

It is the main town of and is located in Val di Non. Monte di Cles and Monte Peller (2,319 m (7,608.27 ft) above sea level) are located to the west of the residential area, while Lake Santa Giustina is on the east.
The Girl on the Train (novel)
The Girl on the Train is a 2015 psychological thriller novel by British author Paula Hawkins. The novel debuted in the number one spot on The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2015 list (print and e-book) dated 1 February 2015, and remained in the top position for 13 consecutive weeks, until April 2015.

The audiobook edition, released by Books on Tape, was narrated by Clare Corbett, Louise Brealey and India Fisher. It won the 2016 Audie Award for "Audiobook of the Year".

The film rights were acquired before the book was published, in 2014, by DreamWorks Pictures for Marc Platt Productions. The American film adaptation, starring Emily Blunt and directed by Tate Taylor, had its world premiere on 20 September 2016 in London, less than a month before its theatrical release in the United States on 7 October.

Clare Corbett
Clare Corbett is a British actress and a winner (2000) of a Carleton Hobbs Radio Award. She studied at the Welsh College of Music and Drama and has appeared in television programmes such as Casualty, Eastenders and Doctors, as well as a number of radio plays (including Absolute Power, Venus and Adonis and Dr. Zhivago), and video games, including the Dark Souls series.

She has narrated numerous audiobooks including Vanessa and Her Sister, Shopaholic to the Stars, and The Girl on the Train, which won the 2016 Audie Award for Audiobook of the Year.

In 2017, Corbett was nominated for "Best Supporting Actor/Actress" in the BBC Audio Drama Awards for her role as Franciska Lazar in the drama serial Keeping the Wolf Out.
Shusha District
Shusha District (Azerbaijani: Şuşa rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojaly, Lachin, and Khojavend. Its capital and largest city is Shusha. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 34,700. Finally villages of Malıbəyli, Aşağı Quşçular and Yuxarı Quşçular were transferred to Khojaly District according to passing law in 5 December 2023.

Karabakh Economic Region
The Karabakh Economic Region (Azerbaijani: Qarabağ iqtisadi rayonu) is one of the 14 economic regions of Azerbaijan. It borders Iran to the south, as well as the economic regions of East Zangezur, Ganja-Dashkasan, Central Aran, and Mil-Mughan. The region consists of the districts of Aghjabadi, Aghdam, Aghdara, Barda, Fuzuli, Khojaly, Khojavend, Shusha, and Tartar, as well as the city of Khankendi (Stepanakert). It has an area of 8,990 square kilometres (3,470 sq mi). Its population (including refugees and IDPs living outside the economic region in Azerbaijan) was estimated to be at 904.5 thousand people in January 2021.
Cult of personality
A cult of personality, or a cult of the leader, is the result of an effort to create an idealized and heroic image of an admirable leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise.

Historically, it has been developed through techniques such as the manipulation of the mass media, the dissemination of propaganda, the staging of spectacles, the manipulation of the arts, the instilling of patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations and rallies. A cult of personality is similar to apotheosis (deification), except that it is established through the use of modern social engineering techniques, and it is usually established by the state or the party in one-party states and dominant-party states. Cults of personality often accompany the leaders of totalitarian or authoritarian governments. They can also be found in some monarchies, theocracies, failed democracies, and liberal democracies.

Jan Plamper
Jan Plamper (23 March 1970 – 30 November 2023) was a German professor of history at the University of Limerick. His research interests included Russian history, the history of emotions, sensory history, and the history of migration.
Economy and trade of pre-Islamic Arabia
The economy and trade of pre-Islamic Arabia refers to the land- and sea-trade networks used by the inhabitants of Pre-Islamic Arabia, both inter-regionally (between different regions of Arabia) and internationally.

Famously, the Arabian Peninsula, situated between the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, and the Horn of Africa, is known for its role in the ancient incense trade route, which saw the movement of spices across regions as distant as India to Europe. Commodities transported through these routes included myrrh from modern-day Yemen and frankincense from Oman.

The documentation of trade in the region goes back to the 3rd millennium BC, where Dilmun, a civilization covering most of Eastern Arabia, was known in Mesopotamian traders as a legendary source of wealth and goods in the Bronze Age. South Arabia was also a major center of trade. The transition from pre-Islamic to Islamic times shifted the locus of trade to the Hejaz, the birthplace of Islam.

Incense trade route
The incense trade route was an ancient network of major land and sea trading routes linking the Mediterranean world with eastern and southern sources of incense, spices and other luxury goods, stretching from Mediterranean ports across the Levant and Egypt through Northeast Africa and Arabia —through both the sea and the land along the Red Sea— to India and beyond. These routes collectively served as channels for the trading of goods such as Arabian frankincense and myrrh; Indian spices, precious stones, pearls, ebony, silk and fine textiles; and from the Horn of Africa, rare woods, feathers, animal skins, Somali frankincense, gold, and slaves. The incense land trade from South Arabia to the Mediterranean flourished between roughly the 3rd century BC and the 2nd century AD.
Gorenji Suhadol
Gorenji Suhadol (pronounced [ɡɔˈɾeːnji suxaˈdoːu̯] or [- suˈxaːdɔu̯]) is a settlement in the foothills of the Gorjanci Range in the City Municipality of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Urban Municipality of Novo Mesto
The Urban Municipality of Novo Mesto (pronounced [ˈnɔːʋɔ ˈmeːstɔ]; Slovene: Mestna občina Novo mesto) is a municipality in southeastern Slovenia, close to the border with Croatia. The seat of the municipality is the city of Novo Mesto. The Municipality of Novo Mesto is part of the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It borders Croatia on the Gorjanci Hills.
Hizmetçi İdaresi
Hizmetçi İdaresi, was a state organization for servants in the Ottoman Empire, founded in 1908. It worked as an asylum to formerly enslaved women and children, and an employment agency for female domestic servants.

House slave
A house slave was a slave who worked, and often lived, in the house of the slave-owner, performing domestic labor. House slaves performed essentially the same duties as all domestic workers throughout history,  such as cooking, cleaning, serving meals, and caring for children; however, their slave status could expose them to more significant abuses, including physical punishments and use for sexual slavery.
Diogo de Arruda
Diogo de Arruda (before 1490 – 1531) was a noted Portuguese architect that was active during the early years of the 16th century. He had some other important family members including his brother, Francisco de Arruda and his nephew, Miguel de Arruda.

Arruda designed the chapter house window at the Convent of Christ, in Tomar.

Convent of Christ (Tomar)
The Convent of Christ of Tomar (Portuguese: Convento de Cristo de Tomar), also called Convent of Christ (Convento de Cristo) or Monastery of Christ (Mosteiro de Cristo), is a former Catholic convent in Tomar, Portugal.

Originally a 12th-century Templar stronghold, when the order was dissolved in the 14th century the Portuguese branch was turned into the Knights of the Order of Christ, that later supported Portugal's maritime discoveries of the 15th century. The convent and castle complex are a historic and cultural monument and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983.
Ayke Agus
Ayke Agus (born 1949) is an Indonesian classical violinist and pianist, known primarily through her longtime collaboration with the violinist Jascha Heifetz.  She is one of the rare classical music performers who has performed as a soloist accompanied by an orchestra as a Multi-instrumentalist.

Jascha Heifetz
Jascha Heifetz (/ˈhaɪfɪts/; February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1901 – December 10, 1987) was a Russian-American violinist, widely regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time. Born in Vilnius, he was soon recognized as a child prodigy and was trained in the Russian violin school in St. Petersburg. Accompanying his parents to escape the violence of the Russian Revolution, he moved to the United States as a teenager, where his Carnegie Hall debut was rapturously received. Fritz Kreisler, another leading violinist of the twentieth century, said after hearing Heifetz's debut, "We might as well take our fiddles and break them across our knees."

By the age of 18, Heifetz was the highest-paid violinist in the world. He had a long and successful concert career, including wartime service with the United Service Organizations (USO). After an injury to his right (bowing) arm in 1972, he switched his focus to teaching.