hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gothic art and architecture in Monza
Gothic art and architecture flourished in the city of Monza (near Milan) between the late 13th century and the first half of the 15th. During this period, the city, still proud of having been the capital of the Lombard Kingdom, hosted significant works by the Visconti, Lords of Milan, aimed at asserting their power over Monza and suggesting continuity with the kingdom of Queen Theodelinda. After this initial phase of artistic splendor, the city of Monza gradually lost importance, giving way to the capital of the duchy.

Visconti of Milan
The Visconti of Milan are a noble Italian family. They rose to power in Milan during the Middle Ages where they ruled from 1277 to 1447, initially as lords and then as dukes, and several collateral branches still exist. The effective founder of the Visconti Lordship of Milan was the Archbishop Ottone, who wrested control of the city from the rival Della Torre family in 1277.
Polish Coldblood
The Polish Coldblood is a modern Polish breed or group of breeds of draught horse of medium to heavy weight. It was formed in 1964 when the various regional draught breeds or types were merged into a single stud-book. Those local types derived from cross-breeding of local mares with imported stallions of heavy draught breeds, principally of Ardennais, Belgian Draught and Swedish Ardennes stock.

In the twenty-first century the horses are used for tractive power and are reared for horsemeat, particularly for the Italian market.

Ardennais
The Ardennais or Ardennes is one of the oldest breeds of draft horse, and originates from the Ardennes area in Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. They are heavy-boned with thick legs and are used for draft work.

Their history reaches back to Ancient Rome, and throughout the years blood from several other breeds has been added to the Ardennes, although only the Belgian breed had any significant impact. The first Ardennes were imported to the United States in the early 20th century, and the first breed registry was established in Europe in 1929. The horses have been used throughout history as war horses, both as cavalry mounts and to draw artillery, and are used today mainly for heavy draft and farm work, meat production and competitive driving events. They have also been used to influence or create several other horse breeds throughout Europe and Asia.
Noni Madueke
Chukwunonso Azuka Tristan "Noni" Madueke (English: /nɒni mədwəɪkəɪ/ ⓘ; born 10 March 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for Premier League club Arsenal and the England national team.

After playing youth football with  Crystal Palace and Tottenham Hotspur, Madueke began his professional career with Dutch club PSV Eindhoven. He joined Chelsea in 2023, after four and a half years at PSV. With the Blues, Madueke won a UEFA Conference League title, and the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup. In July 2025, he moved to fellow London side Arsenal for a reported initial fee of £48.5m.

Born in London to Nigerian parents, Madueke chose to represent England at youth level. In August 2024, Madueke made his senior international debut in the 2024–25 UEFA Nations League against Finland, and scored his first senior goal against Serbia in 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification.

2024–25 UEFA Nations League
The 2024–25 UEFA Nations League is the fourth season of the UEFA Nations League tournament, an international association football competition involving the men's national teams of the member associations of UEFA. The competition is being held from September to November 2024 (league phase), March 2025 (League A quarter-finals and both League A/B and B/C play-offs), June 2025 (Nations League Finals), and March 2026 (League C/D play-offs).

Spain were the defending champions, having won the 2023 finals.
Julius (restaurant)
Julius' (also known as Julius's or Julius' Bar) is a tavern at 159 West 10th Street and Waverly Place in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It is often called the oldest continuously operating gay bar in New York City. Its management, however, was actively unwilling to operate as such, and harassed gay customers until 1966. The April 1966 "Sip-In" at Julius, located a block northeast of the Stonewall Inn, established the right of gay people to be served in licensed premises in New York. This action helped clear the way for gay premises with state liquor licenses.

Newspaper articles on the wall indicate it was the favorite bar of Tennessee Williams, Truman Capote and Rudolf Nureyev. In 2016, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Alcohol laws of New York
Alcohol laws of New York (or commonly Alcohol Beverage Control Law) are a set of laws specific to manufacturing, purchasing, serving, selling, and consuming alcohol in the state of New York. Combined with federal and local laws, as well as vendor policies, alcohol laws of New York determine the state's legal drinking age, the driving under the influence limit, liquor license requirements, server training, and more.
Inu × Boku SS
Inu × Boku SS (Japanese: 妖狐×僕SS, Hepburn: Inu Boku Shīkuretto Sābisu; lit. 'The Dog and Me Secret Service'), also known as Youko × Boku, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Cocoa Fujiwara. It was serialied in Square Enix's Gangan Joker magazine from April 2009 to February 2014, with its chapters collected in eleven tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by David Production aired in Japan between January and March 2012. The anime has been licensed by Sentai Filmworks for streaming, and home video release in North America.

David Production
David Production, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社デイヴィッドプロダクション, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Deividdo Purodakushon) is a Japanese animation studio founded in September 2007 by former Gonzo producers Kōji Kajita and Taito Okiura, and is based in Nishitōkyō, Tokyo. Notable works from the studio include JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, Cells at Work!, the 2018 adaptation of Captain Tsubasa, Fire Force, and the 2022 adaptation of Urusei Yatsura.
Watford railway station (1837–1858)
Watford railway station was a railway station in Watford, Hertfordshire in the UK. It was opened by the London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR) and it was the first railway station to open in Watford. It closed in 1858 when it was replaced by Watford Junction railway station. Today the small ticket office is still standing and it is a Grade II listed building.

Hemel Hempstead railway station
Hemel Hempstead railway station lies in Boxmoor, on the western edge of the town of Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. It is located 24+1⁄2 miles (39.4 km) north-west of London Euston on the West Coast Main Line. The station is managed by London Northwestern Railway, who operate all train services from the station.

Hemel Hempstead is one of two railway stations that now serve the town, the other being Apsley. Both were built when the town was relatively small, before it was designated a New Town in 1946 and grew rapidly in size. Bus services run from there to the town centre. There are two pubs and the Grand Union Canal, sited about 110 yd (100 m) away.

There are four full-length (12 car) through platforms and one disused south-facing bay on the slow lines.
1st Michigan Legislature
The 1st Michigan Legislature, consisting of the Michigan Senate and the Michigan House of Representatives, met in Detroit in three sessions between November 2, 1835, and July 26, 1836, during the first year of Stevens T. Mason's governorship of the (prospective) state.

The legislature met with the expectation that Michigan would be granted statehood during this time, but this was delayed until January 1837. During the first part of the 1st Legislature's term, there were two parallel governments in the portion of Michigan Territory that was covered by the newly drafted state constitution.

Michigan Territory
The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan. Detroit was the territorial capital.
Tony Harding
Anthony John "Tony" Harding (9 January 1942 – 12 January 2014) was a British illustrator of boys' action comics specialising in football stories. He worked for D. C. Thomson & Co. and IPC Magazines in a career that spanned over 30 years, on comics such as Bullet, Scorcher, Hornet, Action, Roy of the Rovers, Victor and Scoop, amongst others.

DC Thomson
DC Thomson is a media company based in Dundee, Scotland. Founded by David Couper Thomson in 1905, it is best known for publishing The Courier, The Evening Telegraph and The Sunday Post newspapers, and the comics Oor Wullie, The Broons, The Beano, The Dandy and  Commando. It also owns the Aberdeen Journals Group which publishes the Press and Journal. The company owns several websites, including Findmypast, and owned the now defunct social media site Friends Reunited.
David Byrne (criminal)
David Byrne (1981/1982 - 5 February 2016) was an Irish criminal associated with the Kinahan Organised Crime Group run by Christy Kinahan. His parents were James and Sadie Byrne (née Roe). He was from Raleigh Square in Crumlin.

He was a first cousin of Freddie Thompson. His brother Liam is also involved in crime.

Both Byrne and associate Graham "the wig" Whelan were questioned over the murder of Gary Bryan in 2006, but no charges were brought.

He was the father of one daughter and two sons.

Crumlin, Dublin
Crumlin (Irish: Croimghlinn, meaning 'Crooked Glen') is a Southside suburb of Dublin, Ireland. Formerly a rural area, it became heavily built up from the early 20th century onwards. Crumlin is the site of Ireland's largest children's hospital, Our Lady's Children's Hospital.

The population of all electoral divisions labelled as Crumlin was 19,287 as of the 2022 census. Crumlin is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
Eddie Rector
Eddie Rector (December 25, 1890 – January 7, 1963) was an American tap dance artist and master of ceremonies.  His career spanned the 1920s-40s as he danced in Harlem, across the US, and in Europe. He is known as a "soft shoe expert", and he invented the Slap Step.  Rector was the protégé of John Leubrie Hill and later danced as a team with Ralph Cooper. He danced in notable revues, including Darktown Follies (1914), Tan Town Topics (1926), Blackbirds of 1928, Hot Rhythm (1930), Rhapsody in Black (1931), Blackberries of 1932, and Yeah Man (1932).

Blackbirds of 1928
Blackbirds of 1928 was a hit Broadway musical revue that starred Adelaide Hall, Bill Bojangles Robinson, Tim Moore and Aida Ward, with music by Jimmy McHugh and lyrics by Dorothy Fields. It contained the hit songs "Diga Diga Do", the duo's first hit, "I Can't Give You Anything But Love", "Bandanna Babies" and "I Must Have That Man" all sung by Hall.
Every Day (2018 film)
Every Day is a 2018 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by Michael Sucsy and written by Jesse Andrews, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by David Levithan. The film stars Angourie Rice as 16-year-old Rhiannon, who falls in love with a traveling soul who wakes each morning in a different body; Justice Smith, Debby Ryan and Maria Bello also star. The film was released on February 23, 2018.

Every Day (novel)
Every Day is a young adult romance and fantasy novel written by American author David Levithan. It was published on August 28, 2012, by Knopf Books for Young Readers and is recommended for ages 14–18. Every Day is a New York Times bestseller.

A prequel novella only available digitally titled Six Earlier Days was released on November 26 of the same year. A companion novel titled  Another Day was released on August 25, 2015, and a sequel titled Someday was released in 2018. The story "Day 3196" was released as part of one of the exclusive international editions of Someday.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a spectrum of autoimmune diseases characterized by acute inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis, ON) and the spinal cord (myelitis). Episodes of ON and myelitis can be simultaneous or successive. A relapsing disease course is common, especially in untreated patients.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a particular disease within the NMOSD spectrum. It is characterised by optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis. In more than 80% of NMO cases, the cause is immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4), the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system.

Less common diseases with other manifestations are also part of the NMOSD spectrum.

Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes.
Mercado central de Pontevedra
The Central Market of Pontevedra (or Municipal Market of Pontevedra) is a covered market located in Pontevedra, Spain. It is located at the north-eastern edge of the historic centre, close to the Burgo Bridge. It overlooks the banks of the Lérez river and was inaugurated in 1948.

Lérez
The Lérez is a river in South West Galicia, Spain. The river meets the Atlantic Ocean at Pontevedra, where it creates Pontevedra's ria. The sources of the 60-kilometre (37 mi) long stream are in Serra do Candán, in the mountain of San Bieito, in the parish of Aciveiro (Forcarei). The Lérez passes through the communities of Forcarei, Cerdedo, Campo Lameiro, Cotobade and, finally, Pontevedra.

Its main tributaries are the Salgueiro, Cabaleiros, Grande, O Castro, Quireza, Tenorio and Almofrei.
Gmina Męcinka
Gmina Męcinka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Jawor County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Męcinka, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Jawor and 67 km (42 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 147.78 square kilometres (57.06 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 4,995.

Jawor
Jawor [ˈjavɔr] (German: Jauer) is a town in south-western Poland with 22,890 inhabitants (2019). It is situated in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the seat of Jawor County.

One of the oldest towns in the region, with a history of more than a thousand years, Jawor was one of the main centers of weaving in Silesia and, in 1274–1392, the capital of an eponymous principality ruled by a local line of the Piast dynasty. It has a preserved medieval urban layout with several Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque structures, including the Church of Peace, a Historic Monument of Poland and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Jawor is the site for electrical machinery, chemical, paper and food industries, and there are numerous granite and basalt quarries near the town. Through the town flows the 31 mile long Raging Nysa river (pl: Nysa Szalona).
Denzil Keelor
Air Marshal Denzil Keelor PVSM, KC, AVSM, VrC (7 December 1933 – 28 August 2024) was an air officer of the Indian Air Force and a hero of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. He had a younger brother Trevor, who was also honoured for his service in the Indian Air Force. The brothers were both awarded the Vir Chakra for shooting down Pakistan Air Force Sabres.

Kirti Chakra
The Kirti Chakra (lit. 'Wheel of Glory') is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the field of battle. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, including posthumous awards. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Maha Vir Chakra. It is second in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards, comes after Ashoka Chakra and before Shaurya Chakra. Before 1967, the award was known as the Ashoka Chakra, Class II.
Shaukat Hussein Mazari
Shaukat Hussein Khan Mazari (1948–2008) was a prominent figure in the provincial politics of the Punjab, province of Pakistan. He died on 14 November 2008.

He was studied in Sadiq Public School Bahawal Pur. He went to England for Higher Education. He was known as Awam Dost leader. People loved him for his support and kind behaviour. He is the man who supported Dost Muhammad Mazari in his early stages of political journey. Dost Muhammad Mazari got elected MNA by his support.

He was elected as a Member of Provincial Assembly (MPA) from Rojhan-Mazari three times and has also served in the capacity of a provincial minister for a few days in 1977. Before his death, Mazari was serving as the Deputy Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab.

Dost Muhammad Mazari
Sardar Dost Muhammad Mazari (born 15 August 1970) is a Pakistani politician who served as the Deputy Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab, from August 2018 to July 2022 before being removed via a motion of no confidence. He had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab from August 2018 till January 2023. Previously, he was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 2008 to 2013. In 2024 Pakistani general election, he was defeated from Rajanpur by a Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf backed Independent Candidate.
Maastricht School of Translation and Interpreting
The Maastricht School of Translation and Interpreting (in Dutch: Vertaalacademie Maastricht) is the only full-time institution of higher education for the training of translators and interpreters situated in the Netherlands.

Language interpretation
Interpretation is translation from a spoken or signed language into another language, usually in real time to facilitate live communication. It is distinguished from the translation of a written text, which can be more deliberative and make use of external resources and tools.

The most common two modes of interpretation are simultaneous, which is performed contemporaneously with the expression of the source language, and consecutive, where the interpreted speech is heard only during associated breaks in the original speech.

Interpretation is an ancient human activity which predates the invention of writing.
Hubbell Butte
Hubbell Butte is a 6,740 ft-elevation summit located in the eastern Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, United States. It is situated ~1.5 miles northeast of Cape Final (North Rim, Walhalla Plateau,(Kaibab Plateau)). Hubbell Butte lies about 1.0 mile southeast of Siegfried Pyre, both prominences adjacent 2.0 miles east of the Walhalla Plateau. The butte is about 5.0 miles west of the Colorado River, as it flows south through Marble Canyon, and the butte lies in the Upper Lava Creek watershed.Hubbell Butte is composed of Supai Group units, sitting upon Redwall Limestone cliffs. The west flank of Hubbell Butte is on a north section of Lava Creek, and is adjacent, north, to the ridgeline of Siegfried Pyre, with its prominence, and two adjacent sub-prominences.

Supai Group
The Supai Group is a slope-forming sequence of mixed red beds and limestones that outcrop in the Colorado Plateau. The group was laid down during the Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian. Cliff-forming interbeds  of sandstone are noticeable throughout the group. The Supai Group is quite well exposed throughout the Grand Canyon in northwest Arizona, as well as local regions of southwest Utah, such as the Virgin River valley region. Known as the Supai Formation, it occurs in Arizona at Chino Point, Sycamore Canyon, and famously at Sedona as parts of Oak Creek Canyon. In the Sedona region, it is overlain by the Hermit Formation, and the colorful Schnebly Hill Formation. The Supai Group has been traced westward into the Great Basin in Nevada and California. and recognized in Paleozoic metamorphic strata exposed in the Big Maria Mountains, northeastern Riverside County, southeastern California.
1896 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1896 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1896, and featured Populist and Democratic fusion nominee James E. Harris defeating his major rival, Republican nominee Orlando Tefft. Other candidates who received two percent of the vote or less included Gold Democratic nominee Owen F. Biglin, Prohibition nominee Lucius O. Jones, Socialist Labor nominee Fred Herman, and National Silver nominee Oscar Kent. Incumbent Nebraska Lieutenant Governor Robert E. Moore did not seek reelection.

With the victory of Populist/Democratic fusion candidate James E. Harris, this election became the first Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election in which a candidate affiliated with a party other than the Republican Party won the office of lieutenant governor. The success of the Populist/Democratic fusion candidates was helped in part by the popularity of William Jennings Bryan, a Nebraskan running for president on the Populist/Democratic ticket.

Silver Party
The Silver Party was a political party in the United States active from 1892 until 1911 and most successful in Nevada which supported a platform of bimetallism and free silver.

In 1892, several Silver Party candidates were elected to Nevada public offices. The party's success continued throughout the decade, culminating in the election of Governors John E. Jones and Reinhold Sadler. Nevada was the only state to elect both Senators and Congressional representatives from the Silver Party.

Nationally, the Silver Party aligned with the Populist Party and to a lesser extent with the Silver Republican Party. However, the 1896 Democratic Party presidential nomination of free silver advocate William Jennings Bryan moved many Silver Party members towards the Democrats.  By 1902, most pro-silver factions in Nevada had been absorbed by the state Democratic Party organization.
Harold Alarcon
Harold Reparo Alarcon (born March 18, 2002) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the San Juan Knights of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). He has won championships in the juniors and seniors divisions of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) for the NU Bullpups and UP Fighting Maroons.

NU Bulldogs, Lady Bulldogs, Bullpups and Lady Bullpups
The NU Bulldogs, Lady Bulldogs, Bullpups and Lady Bullpups are the collegiate men's and women's, and high school men's and women's, respectively, varsity teams of National University (NU) in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines.

The athletic director is Rustico “Otie” Camangian.
Pet policy in public housing estates in Hong Kong
The current pet keeping policy in public housing estates in Hong Kong was introduced in 2003 by the Housing Department after the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Its objective is to improve the hygiene of public housing estates. Under the policy, public housing tenants are allowed to keep small household pets such as cats and birds but are prohibited from keeping dogs at their premises except under special circumstances, subject to the approval granted by the Housing Authority. The policy has led to debates and calls for amendments.

Hong Kong Housing Authority
The Hong Kong Housing Authority (HA) is the main provider of public housing in Hong Kong. It was established in April 1973 under the Housing Ordinance and is an agency of the Government of Hong Kong. In the same year, the Resettlement Department and the Building Section of the Urban Services Department were merged to form the Housing Department, which acts as the Housing Authority's executive body.
Lake Maumee
Lake Maumee was a proglacial lake and an ancestor of present-day Lake Erie. It formed about 17,500 calendar years, or 14,000 Radiocarbon Years Before Present (RCYBP) as the Huron-Erie Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet retreated at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation. As water levels continued to rise the lake evolved into Lake Arkona and then Lake Whittlesey.

Lake Chicago
Lake Chicago was a prehistoric proglacial lake that is the ancestor of what is now known as Lake Michigan, one of North America's five Great Lakes.  Formed about 13,000 years ago and fed by retreating glaciers, it drained southwest through the Chicago Outlet River.