hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Forced assimilation in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan has had a deliberate policy of forced assimilation of ethnic minorities or Azerbaijanization since Soviet times (Azerbaijan SSR) and up to the present. Non-Turkic peoples, such as Talyshis, Lezgins, Tats and others have been subjected to forced Azerbaijanization (Turkification).

In Soviet period the policy was carried out by:

proclaiming non-Turkic Muslim peoples of Azerbaijan SSR as ethnic groups of the Turkic Azerbaijani people

manipulating population censuses

constantly emphasizing on a commonality of history and closeness of cultures, including in academic publications.

Tat people (Caucasus)
The Tat people or Transcaucasian Persians (also: Tat, Parsi, Daghli, Lohijon) are an Iranian people presently living within Azerbaijan and Russia (mainly Southern Dagestan). The Tats are part of the indigenous peoples of Iranian origin in the Caucasus.

Tats use the Tat language, a southwestern Iranian language somewhat different from standard Persian, as well as Azerbaijani and Russian. Tats are mainly Shia Muslims with a significant Sunni Muslim minority.
Takase Shrine
Takase Shrine (高瀬神社, Takase-jinja) is a Shinto shrine located in the Takase neighborhood of the city of Nanto, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. It one of four shrines claiming the title of ichinomiya of former Etchū Province. The shrine's main festival is held annually on September 13.

Etchū Province
Etchū Province (越中国, Etchū no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [eꜜt.tɕɯː (no kɯ.ɲi), et.tɕɯꜜː-]) was a province of Japan in the area that is today Toyama Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan.   Etchū bordered on Noto and Kaga Provinces to the west, Shinano and Hida Provinces to the south, Echigo Province to the east and  the Sea of Japan to the north. Its abbreviated form name was Esshū (越州).
Bangladesh Customs
Bangladesh Customs is the principal customs agency of Bangladesh. The agency operating under the National Board of Revenue (NBR) is the lead tax collection agency in Bangladesh. NBR is part of the Internal Resources Division (IRD) under the country's Ministry of Finance.  The agency formulates policies concerning the levy and collection of customs duties and related taxes.

National Board of Revenue
The National Board of Revenue (NBR; Bengali: জাতীয় রাজস্ব বোর্ড) is the central authority for tax administration in Bangladesh. It is a statutory authority attached with the Internal Resources Division of the Ministry of Finance. The NBR collects almost 97% of tax revenue and almost 85% of total revenue for the Bangladesh government.

The finance ministry proposed dissolving the NBR and creating two ministerial divisions—the Revenue Management Division and the Revenue Policy Division—through a hastily promulgated ordinance in 2025. The ordinance drew criticism from Transparency International Bangladesh, which denounced the move as executive capture of the revenue sector. TIB stated that the move risked politicizing the revenue sector, undermined the autonomy of the revenue service, and reduced accountability, transparency, and neutrality. Debapriya Bhattacharya of the Centre for Policy Dialogue also criticized the move on similar grounds.
Martha Langford
Martha Langford CM FRSC (born December 18, 1953) is a Canadian art historian. She is a Distinguished University Research Professor of art history at Concordia University and was previously the Research Chair and Director of the Gail and Stephen A. Jarislowsky Institute for Studies in Canadian Art. She was the founding director of the Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography and served as its director and chief curator from 1985 until 1994. In 2018 she was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. She was made a Member of the Order of Canada on December 31, 2025.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Ballpark station (Utah Transit Authority)
Ballpark station is a light rail station in the People's Freeway neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah, in the United States, served by all three lines of Utah Transit Authority's TRAX light rail system. The Blue Line provides service from Downtown Salt Lake City to Draper. The Red Line provides service from the University of Utah to the Daybreak community of South Jordan. The Green Line provides service from the Salt Lake City International Airport to West Valley City (via Downtown Salt Lake City).

Utah Transit Authority
The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) is a special service district responsible for providing public transportation throughout the Wasatch Front of Utah, in the United States, which includes the metropolitan areas of Ogden, Park City, Provo, Salt Lake City and Tooele. It operates fixed route buses, flex route buses, express buses, ski buses, three light rail lines in Salt Lake County (TRAX), a streetcar line in Salt Lake City (the S-Line), and a commuter rail train (FrontRunner) from Ogden through Salt Lake City to Provo. UTA is headquartered in Salt Lake City with operations and garages in locations throughout the Wasatch Front, including Ogden, Midvale and Orem. Light rail vehicles are stored and maintained at yards at locations in South Salt Lake and Midvale. UTA's commuter rail equipment is stored and serviced at a facility in Salt Lake City. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 40,473,200, or about 133,000 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
Under-20 Intercontinental Cup
The Under-20 Intercontinental (Spanish: Sub-20 Intercontinental, Portuguese: Intercontinental de Sub-20), commonly referred as Under-20 Intercontinental Cup, is an annual one-off football match organised by CONMEBOL and UEFA and contested by the winners of the South American and European youth club competitions, the U-20 Copa Libertadores and UEFA Youth League, respectively. The youth competition is an equivalent to the former Intercontinental Cup, which featured the senior club champions of Europe and South America.

The competition was launched in 2022 as part of a renewed partnership between CONMEBOL and UEFA, with the Portuguese side Benfica winning the first edition in 2022.

U-20 Copa Libertadores
The CONMEBOL Under-20 Libertadores (Portuguese and Spanish: CONMEBOL Libertadores Sub 20) is the international association football club competition for teams that play in CONMEBOL leagues. It was created by Manuel Burga Seoane and the Peruvian Football Federation. The competition started in the 2011 season in response to the increased interest in youth football.
2010 Ashbourne Cup
The 2010 Ashbourne Cup inter-collegiate camogie championship was staged at the Cork IT sports complex in Bishopstown, Cork, Munster province, Ireland over the weekend of 20–21 February. It was won by Waterford Institute of Technology who defeated University College Cork in the final by two points, a repeat of the pairing and result, though not the margin of victory, of the 1999 final. Player of the tournament was WIT's Katrina Parrock.

Ashbourne Cup
The Ashbourne Cup is an Irish camogie tournament played each year to determine the national champion university or third level college. The Ashbourne Cup is the highest division in inter-collegiate camogie. The competition features many of the current stars of the game and is sometimes known as the 'Olympics of Camogie' because of the disproportionate number of All Star and All-Ireland elite level players who participate each year Since 1972 it has been administered by the Higher Education Archived 31 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine committee of the Camogie Association. University of Limerick are the current champions, having won the Ashbourne cup in 2024.
2020 U Sports Women's Basketball Championship
The 2020 U Sports Women's Basketball Championship was held March 5–8, 2020, in Ottawa, Ontario, to determine a national champion for the 2019–20 U Sports women's basketball season. The Saskatchewan Huskies defeated the Brock Badgers to win the national championship, which was the second Bronze Baby trophy win in program history.

U Sports women's basketball championship
The U Sports Women's Basketball Championship, branded as the Women's Basketball Final 8, is a Canadian university basketball tournament conducted by U Sports, and determines the women's national champion. The tournament involves the champions from each of Canada's four regional sports conferences. The Bronze Baby trophy is awarded to the winners.

Seventeen different schools have won the tournament. The University of Victoria has the most tournament wins, with nine. Laurentian University has seven championships. The University of British Columbia has taken the title six times, while the University of Windsor and Simon Fraser University have five apiece. Carleton University, the University of Winnipeg, the University of Saskatchewan and University of Manitoba have each won three championships, while Bishop's University and have won two. Seven programs have one national championship.
Waterloo County
Waterloo County was a county in Canada West in the United Province of Canada from 1853 until 1867, then in the Canadian province of Ontario from 1867 until 1973. It was the direct predecessor of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo.

Situated on a subset of land within the Haldimand Tract, Waterloo County consisted of five townships: Woolwich, Wellesley, Wilmot, Waterloo, and North Dumfries. The major population centres were Waterloo, Kitchener (known as Berlin prior to 1916), Preston, Hespeler, Blair, and Doon in Waterloo township; Galt in North Dumfries; Elmira in Woolwich; and New Hamburg in Wilmot. All are now part of the Regional Municipality.

Haldimand Proclamation
The Haldimand Proclamation was a decree that granted land to the Mohawk (or Kanien'kehà:ka) (Mohawk nation) who had served on the British side during the American Revolution. The decree was issued by the Governor of the Province of Quebec, Frederick Haldimand, on October 25, 1784, three days after the Treaty of Fort Stanwix was signed between others of the Six Nations and the American government. The granted land had to be purchased from the Mississaugas of the Credit whose traditional territory spans much of modern-day Southwestern Ontario. On May 22, 1784, Col. John Butler was sent to negotiate the sale of approximately 3,000,000 acres of land located between Lakes Huron, Ontario, and Erie for £1180.00 from the Mississaugas of the Credit. Of the land ceded, some 550,000 acres were granted to the Mohawk nation in the Haldimand Proclamation. The sale by the Mississaugas of the Credit is also referred to as the "Between the Lakes Treaty."
Isitha: The Enemy
Isitha: The Enemy is a South African television drama series created by Mandla N and Mpumelelo Nhlapo. It is an e.tv original series produced by BlackBrain Pictures. The series is a spinoff from the adult-themed drama series The Black Door, and stars Dawn Thandeka King, alongside Thobani Nzuza, Senzo Radebe, Sibulele Nthlebi,Sibonginkosi Tenza, Kwanda Manyathi, Nonkululeko Mbatha, Laki Khoza, Bheki Sibiya and Linda Sebezo reprising their roles.

The Black Door
The Black Door is a South African television drama series created by Mandla N and Mpumelelo Nhlapho. It is an e.tv original production produced by Blackbrain Pictures for e.tv. The series stars Linda Sebezo, Zamani Mbatha, Velephi Mnisi, and Gabisile Tshabalala, among others.
Santa Anita Creek
Santa Anita Creek (Santa Anita Wash on federal maps) is a 10.4-mile (16.7 km) long stream in Los Angeles County, California. It flows southwards from its headwaters in the south ridge of the San Gabriel Mountains, to form the beginnings of the Rio Hondo near Irwindale.

Rio Hondo (California)
The Rio Hondo (Spanish: Río Hondo, meaning "Deep River") is a tributary of the Los Angeles River in Los Angeles County, California, approximately 16.4 miles (26.4 km) long. As a named river, it begins in Irwindale and flows southwest to its confluence in South Gate, passing through several cities (though not the city of Los Angeles). Above Irwindale, its main stem is known as Santa Anita Creek, which extends to another 10 miles (16 km) northwards into the San Gabriel Mountains where the source, or headwaters, of the river are found.
Tintagel Slate Quarries
Tintagel Slate Quarries fall into two categories: the series of quarries lying between Tintagel Castle and Trebarwith Strand on the north coast of Cornwall, South West England and the open cast quarries further inland. There are around eight cliff-edge quarries as well as two wharfs, all of which are now disused as well as four inland sites, two of which are still in operation. The first quarry to be worked appears to have been Lanterdan at some point in the fifteenth century, while the last of the coastal quarries, Long Grass ceased operations in 1937. The remains of the coastal quarries occupy coastal land owned by the National Trust and most are easily accessible from the South West Coast Path. The Prince of Wales Quarry has been turned into a country park by North Cornwall District Council.

Lanterdan Quarry
Lanterdan Quarry is a disused open cast slate quarry between Tintagel and Trebarwith on the north coast of Cornwall, South West England. The quarry is the oldest, largest and most spectacular of Tintagel’s coastal quarries and was worked from the fifteenth until the early twentieth century. A distinguishing feature of the quarry is a 25m high pinnacle of inferior slate.
Jeep Cherokee (SJ)
See also Jeep Cherokee for other models using this name.

The SJ series Jeep Cherokee is a full-size SUV that was produced from 1974 through 1983 by Jeep. It was based on the Wagoneer that was originally designed by Brooks Stevens in 1963.

Jeep Cherokee
The Jeep Cherokee is a line of sport utility vehicles (SUV) manufactured and marketed by Jeep over six generations. Marketed initially as a variant of the Jeep Wagoneer (SJ), the Cherokee has evolved from a full-size station wagon (before the SUV description came into use) to one of the first compact SUVs and into its latest generation as a crossover SUV.

Named after the Cherokee tribe of Native Americans in the United States, Jeep has used the nameplate in some capacity since late 1973 when American Motors Corporation (AMC) introduced the 1974 model year line.

Production of the Cherokee ended in February 2023, and restarted in August 2025.
Tony Venhuizen
Tonnis Henry Venhuizen (born October 8, 1982) is an American politician and attorney who has served as the 40th lieutenant governor of South Dakota since 2025. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 13th district, alongside Sue Peterson, from 2023 to 2025. He was also the chief of staff to two governors of South Dakota: Dennis Daugaard, his father-in-law, and Kristi Noem.

In January 2025, he was selected by Governor Larry Rhoden to serve as the lieutenant governor of South Dakota. He was unanimously confirmed by the Senate and House two days after his appointment and was sworn in on January 30.

Sue Peterson
Sue Peterson is an American politician who sits in the South Dakota  Senate, representing the 13th district. A member of the South Dakota Republican Party, she previously represented the same district in the South Dakota House of Representatives. She is a former banker and track coach.
Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal (hex for short) is a positional numeral system for representing a numeric value as base 16. For the most common convention, a digit is represented as "0" to "9" like for decimal and as a letter of the alphabet from "A" to "F" (either upper or lower case) for the digits with decimal value 10 to 15.

As typical computer hardware is binary in nature and that hex is power of 2, the hex representation is often used in computing as a dense representation of binary information. A hex digit represents 4 contiguous bits –known as a nibble. An 8-bit byte is two hex digits, such as 2C.

Special notation is often used to indicate that a number is hex. In mathematics, a subscript is typically used to specify the base. For example, the decimal value 491 would be expressed in hex as 1EB16. In computer programming, various notations are used. In C and many related languages, the prefix 0x is used. For example, 0x1EB.

Power of two
A power of two is a number of the form 2n where n is an integer, that is, the result of exponentiation with number two as the base and integer n as the exponent. In the fast-growing hierarchy, 2n is exactly equal to . In the Hardy hierarchy, 2n is exactly equal to .

Powers of two with non-negative exponents are integers: 20 = 1, 21 = 2, and 2n is two multiplied by itself n times. The first ten powers of 2 for non-negative values of n are:

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, ... (sequence A000079 in the OEIS)

By comparison, powers of two with negative exponents are fractions: for positive integer n, 2−n is one half multiplied by itself n times. Thus the first few negative powers of 2 are ⁠1/2⁠, ⁠1/4⁠, ⁠1/8⁠, ⁠1/16⁠, etc. Sometimes these are called inverse powers of two because each is the multiplicative inverse of a positive power of two.
2022 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 2022 in the United Kingdom.

This year saw Boris Johnson resign as prime minister and leader of the Conservative Party, with Liz Truss being elected as his successor in September, before resigning in October and being succeeded by Rishi Sunak. After 70 years on the throne, marked by her Platinum Jubilee celebrations in June, Queen Elizabeth II died on 8 September at the age of 96. The Queen was succeeded by her son, Prince Charles. Other significant events of the year included the UK's response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, a record-breaking 40°C heatwave during the summer and nearly 25,000 wildfires, and a cost of living crisis marked by high inflation and rising energy bills.

United Kingdom cost-of-living crisis
In late 2021, the prices of many essential goods in the United Kingdom began increasing faster than household incomes, resulting in a fall in real incomes. The phenomenon has been termed a cost-of-living crisis. It is due in part to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including a global surge in inflation, as well as the economic instability caused by Brexit and the Russo-Ukrainian war.

While all in the UK are affected by rising prices, the crisis most substantially affects low-income persons. The British government has responded with measures including grants, tax rebates, and subsidies to electricity and gas suppliers. Regular pay began to outpace inflation beginning in May 2023, but living costs have remained at elevated levels, and have continued to increase faster than headline inflation into 2025. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation projected in 2025 that disposable incomes would continue to decline for the rest of the decade.
1st millennium BC
The 1st millennium BC, also known as the last millennium BC, was the period of time lasting from the years 1000 BC to 1 BC (10th to 1st centuries BC; in astronomy: JD 1356182.5 – 1721425.5). It encompasses the Iron Age in the Old World and sees the transition from the Ancient Near East to classical antiquity.

World population roughly doubled over the course of the millennium, from about 100 million to about 200–250 million after the birth of Jesus Christ and the establishment of the Julio-Claudian dynasty led by its founder Octavian.

10th century BC
The 10th century BC comprises the years from 1000 BC to 901 BC. This period followed the Late Bronze Age collapse in the Near East, and the century saw the Early Iron Age take hold there. The Greek Dark Ages which had come about in 1200 BC continued. The Neo-Assyrian Empire is established towards the end of the 10th century BC. In the Iron Age in India, the Vedic period is ongoing. In China, the Zhou dynasty is in power. Bronze Age Europe continued with Urnfield culture. Japan was inhabited by an evolving hunter-gatherer society during the Jōmon period.
Kit Bakke
Christopher Lynn "Kit" Bakke (born December 23, 1946) is an American activist. In the 1960s, she fought for women's rights and civil rights in addition to protesting the Vietnam War. In college, she helped to establish a new chapter of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). Later, she became a member of the Weathermen, also called the Weather Underground, a militant leftist group.

Students for a Democratic Society
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was a national student activist organization in the United States during the 1960s and was one of the principal representations of the New Left. Disdaining permanent leaders, hierarchical relationships and parliamentary procedure, the founders conceived of the organization as a broad exercise in "participatory democracy". From its launch in 1960, it grew rapidly in the course of the tumultuous decade, with over 300 campus chapters and 30,000 supporters recorded nationwide by its last national convention in 1969. The organization splintered at that convention amidst rivalry between factions seeking to impose national leadership and direction, and disputing "revolutionary" positions on, among other issues, the Vietnam War and Black Power.

A new national network for left-wing student organizing, also calling itself Students for a Democratic Society, was founded in 2006.
Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters
The Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, sometimes abbreviated to MAC, MAAC or MAATM, is a convention to facilitate the entering into bilateral tax information exchange agreements between state parties. The convention was developed by the OECD and the Council of Europe and was open for signature to members of both organizations on 25 January 1988, and entered into force in 1995.

An amending protocol was concluded on 27 May 2010, which since coming into force became open to any state at the invitation of present state parties.

Tax information exchange agreement
Tax information exchange agreements (TIEA) provide for the exchange of information on request relating to a specific criminal or civil tax investigation or civil tax matters under investigation.

A model TIEA was developed by the OECD Global Forum Working Group on Effective Exchange of Information. This exchange of information on request was supplemented by an automatic process on 29 October 2014. The automatic process is to be based on a Common Reporting Standard.