hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patacó
El patacó is a traditional game played by children in Catalonia in which the patacons are turned upside down, hit with the palm of the hand and, if they turn around, they win.

It is a game of aim, dexterity and luck that can be played both on the street and at home and there are many game modes. Its origin is in the word "patac" ‘violent and sudden strike’.

Milk caps (game)
Milk caps is a children’s game played with small flat circular discs, originally the cardboard caps from milk bottles. Players make a stack of these caps, and take turns to drop a heavier "slammer" object onto it, causing the stack to be disrupted.

Each player keeps any face-up caps and is to restack the face-down caps, repeating the process until none land face-down, at which point the player who collected the most caps wins the game.

The game is also known as Pogs, under which name it was sold commercially in the 1990s. The name originates from POG, a brand of juice made from passionfruit, orange, and guava; the use of the juice's caps to play the game preceded the game's commercialization.
Queen Tripurasundari of Nepal
Tripurasundari (Nepali: रानी ललित त्रिपुरासुन्दरी; 1794 – 6 April 1832), also known as Lalit Tripura Sundari Devi, was a queen consort of Nepal by marriage to King Rana Bahadur Shah of Nepal. Widowed at a very young age and childless, she served as regent of the kingdom for a long period. She was regent for her stepson Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah in 1806–1819, and for her step-grandson Rajendra in 1819–1832. She was the first woman to publish literature in Nepal.

Rana Bahadur Shah
Rana Bahadur Shah, King of Nepal (Nepali: श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज रण बहादुर शाह देव; 25 May 1775 – 25 April 1806) was King of Nepal, he succeeded to the throne after the death of his father, King Pratap Singh Shah. He ruled under the regencies of his mother, Queen Rajendra Rajya Lakshmi Devi (died, 13 July 1785 from tuberculosis), and then of his uncle, Bahadur Shah. During this time, the kingdom was expanded by conquest to include the Garhwal and Kumaon regions, now part of India. He imprisoned his uncle, Bahadur Shah, who died in jail.
Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500)
This is a timeline of geopolitical changes around the world prior to 1500. It includes dates of declarations of independence, changes in country name, changes of capital city or name, and changes in territorial ownership such as the annexation, occupation, cession, concession, or secession of land. Territorial conquests as a result of war are included on the timeline at the conclusion of major military campaigns, but changes in the course of specific battles and day-to-day operations are generally not included.

Political history of the world
The political history of the world is the history of the various political entities created by the human race throughout their existence and the way these states define their borders. Throughout history, political systems have expanded from basic systems of self-governance and monarchy to the complex democratic and totalitarian systems that exist today. In parallel, political entities have expanded from vaguely defined frontier-type  boundaries, to the national definite boundaries existing today.
Antikensammlung Berlin
The Antikensammlung Berlin (Berlin antiquities collection) is one of the most important collections of classical art in the world, now held in the Altes Museum and Pergamon Museum in Berlin, Germany. It contains thousands of ancient archaeological artefacts from the ancient Greek, Roman, Etruscan and Cypriot civilizations. Its main attraction is the Pergamon Altar and Greek and Roman architectural elements from Priene, Magnesia, Baalbek and Falerii. In addition, the collection includes a large number of ancient sculptures, vases, terracottas, bronzes, sarcophagi, engraved gems and metalwork.

Pergamon Museum
The Pergamon Museum (German: Pergamonmuseum; pronounced [ˈpɛʁ.ɡa.mɔn.muˌzeː.ʊm] ⓘ) is a listed building on the Museum Island in the historic centre of Berlin, Germany. It was built from 1910 to 1930 by order of Emperor Wilhelm II and according to plans by Alfred Messel and Ludwig Hoffmann in Stripped Classicism style.  As part of the Museum Island complex, the Pergamon Museum was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 because of its architecture and testimony to the evolution of museums as architectural and social phenomena.

Prior to its closing in 2023, the Pergamon Museum was home to the Antikensammlung, including the famous Pergamon Altar, the Vorderasiatisches Museum and the Museum für Islamische Kunst.

In October 2023, the museum was completely closed for visitors, and is expected to remain mostly closed for 14 to 20 years – until 2037 to 2043 – for the execution of comprehensive renovation works. Its North Wing is expected to reopen in 2027.
Nilssonia (turtle)
Nilssonia is a genus of softshell turtles (family Trionychidae) from rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes in South Asia and Burma. In many treatments, it is monotypic, with the single species Burmese peacock softshell (N. formosa). However, the supposed other genus of peacock softshells, Aspideretes, is more closely related to N. formosa than had been believed. They differ only in the neural plates between the first pleural scale pair of the bony carapace, which are fused into one in N. formosa and unfused in the others.

Thus, it has been proposed to unite the two genera under the older name, Nilssonia. As it seems, the closest living relatives of the Burmese peacock softshell are the Indian softshell turtle (A./N. gangeticus) and the Leith's softshell turtle (A./N. leithii), making the merging of the genera well warranted.

Indian softshell turtle
The Indian softshell turtle (Nilssonia gangetica), or Ganges softshell turtle, is a species of softshell turtle found in South Asia in rivers such as the Ganges, Indus and Mahanadi. This vulnerable turtle reaches a carapace length of up to 94 cm (37 in). It feeds mostly on fish, amphibians, carrion and other animal matter, but also takes aquatic plants. This turtle is listed in part II of Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 and possession of this species is an offence.
Logobi
Logobi (also written in French as Logobie) is an Ivorian musical genre that accompanies certain dance moves. It first appeared in Côte d'Ivoire in 1986 and was popularized initially in university campuses in Abidjan. The dance is based on Côte d'Ivoire's traditional Zouglou dance with new elements added. "Zouglou" and "logobi" are used interchangeably, although "zouglou" is more ancient and "logobi" is a more modern development.

Zouglou
Zouglou (/ˈzuːɡluː/ ZOO-gloo, French: [zuɡlu]) is a dance oriented style of music originated from Ivory Coast during the mid-1990s. It started with students from a college of Gagnoa drawing on elements of other styles of music.

Zouglou recounts the various social realities experienced by the Ivorian youth and carries messages, sometimes humorous, sometimes political, or, more often, delivers advice on life. It has since spread elsewhere, including to Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Gabon.
Otto Dix
Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix (German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈʔɔtoː ˈdɪks] ⓘ; 2 December 1891 – 25 July 1969) was a German painter and printmaker, noted for his ruthless and harshly realistic depictions of German society during the Weimar Republic and the brutality of war. Along with George Grosz and Max Beckmann, he is widely considered one of the most important artists of the Neue Sachlichkeit.

Max Beckmann
Max Carl Friedrich Beckmann (February 12, 1884 – December 27, 1950) was a German painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, and writer. Although he is classified as an Expressionist artist, he rejected both the term and the movement. In the 1920s, he was associated with the New Objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit), an outgrowth of Expressionism that opposed its introverted emotionalism. Even when dealing with light subject matter like circus performers, Beckmann often had an undercurrent of moodiness or unease in his works. By the 1930s, his work became more explicit in its horrifying imagery and distorted forms with combination of brutal realism and social criticism, coinciding with the rise of Nazism in Germany.
S. Rm. M. Annamalai Chettiar
Diwan Bahadur Sir Satappa Ramanatha Muthiah Annamalai Chettiar, Raja of Chettinad KCSI (30 September 1881 – 15 June 1948) better known as Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar was an Indian industrialist, banker, educationist and philanthropist from Tamil Nadu. He was the founder of Annamalai University in Chidambaram and one of the founders of Indian Bank, along with his brother S. Rm. M. Ramaswami Chettiar.

Born to S. Rm. Muthiah Chettiar of a wealthy Nattukottai Nagarathar family, Annamalai Chettiar joined the family business early and expanded their banking operations to South-East Asia. Annamalai Chettiar was one of the founders of Indian Bank along with his brother S. Rm. M. Ramaswami Chettiar and served as the first governor of the Imperial Bank of India. He also served a term as a member of the Council of State, the upper house of the Imperial Legislative Council of India and was honoured with a knighthood in 1923 and the hereditary title of Raja of Chettinad in 1929.

S. Rm. Muthiah Chettiar
Sathappa Ramanatha Muthiah Chettiar (1840-1900) was an Indian merchant, banker and philanthropist known for his work in renovating Saivite temples in India. He was the patriarch of the S. Rm. M. family.
1967–68 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team
The 1967–68 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team represented Indiana State University during the 1968 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament. The Sycamores won 19 games in the regular season and were led by Jerry Newsom. He led the Sycamores to the national title game versus a George Tinsley-led Kentucky Wesleyan team, and ended the season as national runner-up with a record of 23–8.

1968 NCAA College Division basketball tournament
The 1968 NCAA College Division basketball tournament involved 36 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA College Division college basketball as a culmination of the 1967–68 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. It was won by Kentucky Wesleyan College, with Indiana State's Jerry Newsom named Most Outstanding Player. Uniquely, Indiana State has finished as the National Runner-up in the (1946 and 1948) NAIA Tournaments, the (1979) NCAA Division I Tournament, and the 1968 NCAA College Division Tournament.
Dickson Field
Dickson Field (FAA LID: 75WT) is a private airport located 7 miles (11 km) east of Oroville, Washington, which is a city in the Okanogan region of United States. It provides private general aviation services and has a 500 by 40 ft (152 by 12 m) runway numbered 17–35, but the nearby Dorothy Scott Airport handles most of the city's aviation services.

Dorothy Scott Airport
Dorothy Scott Airport (FAA LID: 0S7) is a public international airport in Oroville, Washington, United States—a city in the Okanogan region—that was opened in August 1937. It is located 2 miles northeast from the town center, being owned by the City of Oroville. Dorothy Scott Airport has been approved for use. The airport has a pavement management plan to repair the airport's one runway.
WTBV
WTBV (101.5 FM, "101.5 The Vibe") is a commercial radio station licensed to St. Petersburg, Florida, and serving the Tampa Bay area. It is owned by the Cox Media Group and broadcasts an urban adult contemporary format. The studios are on 4th Street North in St. Petersburg. WTBV carries the syndicated Rickey Smiley Morning Show in drive time.

WTBV has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts. The transmitter site is on Colonnade Vista Drive in Riverview. WTBV broadcasts using HD Radio technology. The HD2 digital subchannel carries an alternative rock format, known as 97X.

Cox Media Group
CMG Media Corporation (doing business as Cox Media Group) is an American media conglomerate principally owned by Apollo Global Management in conjunction with Cox Enterprises, which maintains a 29% minority stake in the company. The company primarily owns radio and television stations—many of which are located in the South, Pacific Northwest, Eastern Midwest, and Northeast, and the regional cable news network Pittsburgh Cable News Channel (PCNC).

Originally founded in December 2008 by Cox Enterprises through a consolidation of its existing publishing and broadcasting subsidiaries, the current incarnation of Cox Media Group was formed on December 17, 2019, through the acquisition by Apollo of the original Cox Media Group (along with Cox Enterprises' advertising subsidiary, Gamut) from Cox Enterprises, which transferred a controlling interest in the company to Apollo, and Northwest Broadcasting from Brian Brady.
Charles Collette
Charles Henry Collette (29 July 1842 – 10 February 1924) was an English stage actor, composer and writer noted for his work in comedy in a long career onstage.  He appeared, beginning in the late 1860s, in many Bancroft productions and was engaged by other managers, including J. L. Toole, John Hollingshead, Mary Anderson, Lydia Thompson and Herbert Beerbohm Tree, as well as performing in his own companies.  He toured for some years as the title character in F. C. Burnand's The Colonel and played many military men.

Collette continued acting in London and in the British provinces until 1907, a career of nearly four decades, but he is probably best remembered today for the presence of his musical play Cryptoconchoidsyphonostomata on the bill with the historic 1875 premiere of Gilbert and Sullivan's Trial by Jury.

John Lawrence Toole
John Lawrence (J. L.) Toole (12 March 1830 – 30 July 1906) was an English comic actor, actor-manager and theatrical producer.  He was famous for his roles in farce and in serio-comic melodramas, in a career that spanned more than four decades, and the first actor to have a West End theatre named after him.
J.W. Harris (bull rider)
James William Harris, known as J.W. Harris (born July 14, 1986) is an American former professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding. He competed in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA), Championship Bull Riding (CBR), and Professional Bull Riders (PBR) circuits. He won the PRCA bull riding world championship four times at the National Finals Rodeo (NFR). Harris is the first bull rider since Don Gay to win four PRCA bull riding world titles. He is also the first since Gay to win three of them consecutively. Harris was also the 2014 PBR Rookie of the Year.

Don Gay
Donald "Donnie" Gay (born September 18, 1953) is an American former professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding. He won eight Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) bull riding world championships; a record as of 2025. His father, Neal Gay, was a well-known rodeo competitor and later rodeo producer and stock contractor. Don was inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame in 1979; Neal was inducted in 1993. In 2015, Don was inducted into the Bull Riding Hall of Fame.
Khnumhotep II
Khnumhotep II (ẖnmw-ḥtp, "Khnum is pleased") was an ancient Egyptian Great Chief of the Oryx nome (the 16th nome of Upper Egypt) during the reign of pharaohs Amenemhat II and Senusret II of the 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom (20th century BCE). He is well known for his tomb at Beni Hasan and its decorations.

Nomarch
A nomarch (Ancient Greek: νομάρχης, Ancient Egyptian: ḥrj tp ꜥꜣ Great Chief) was a provincial governor in ancient Egypt; the country was divided into 42 provinces, called nomes (singular spꜣ.t, plural spꜣ.wt). A nomarch was the government official responsible for a nome. More recent studies are more cautious about using this term as it is a Greek word that does not exactly match Ancient Egyptian administrative titles and modern scholars often prefer other, more neutral words for describing the heads of the provinces, such as governor.
Anindya Sengupta
Lieutenant General Anindya Sengupta PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, YSM is a serving general officer of the Indian Army. He currently serves as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Central Command. He previously served as the Chief of Staff, Northern Command. He earlier served as General Officer Commanding of the Leh-based Fire and Fury Corps (XIV). The general officer is also the Colonel of the Regiment of the Punjab Regiment since 5 April 2025.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Butriptyline
Butriptyline, sold under the brand name Evadyne among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that has been used in the United Kingdom and several other European countries for the treatment of depression but appears to no longer be marketed. Along with trimipramine, iprindole, and amoxapine, it has been described as an "atypical" or "second-generation" TCA due to its relatively late introduction and atypical pharmacology. It was very little-used compared to other TCAs, with the number of prescriptions dispensed only in the thousands.

Trimipramine
Trimipramine, sold under the brand name Surmontil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used to treat depression. It has also been used for its sedative, anxiolytic, and weak antipsychotic effects in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety disorders, and psychosis, respectively. The drug is described as an atypical or "second-generation" TCA because, unlike other TCAs, it seems to be a fairly weak monoamine reuptake inhibitor. Similarly to other TCAs, however, trimipramine does have antihistamine, antiserotonergic, antiadrenergic, antidopaminergic, and anticholinergic activities.
Music of Sardinia
Sardinia is probably the most culturally distinct of all the regions in Italy and, musically, is best known for the tenore polyphonic singing, sacred chants called gosos,  the launeddas, an ancient instrument that consists of a set of three single-reed pipes, all three mouth-blown simultaneously using circular breathing, with two chanters and one drone and the cantu a chiterra, a monodic song that is accompanied by guitar, widespread mainly in the center and north of the island.

Cantu a tenore
The cantu a tenòre (Sardinian: su tenòre, su cuncòrdu, su cuntràttu, su cussèrtu, s'agorropamèntu, su cantu a pròa; Italian: canto a tenore) is a style of polyphonic folk singing characteristic of the island of Sardinia (Italy's second largest island), particularly the region of Barbagia, though some other Sardinian sub-regions bear examples of such tradition.

In 2005, UNESCO proclaimed the cantu a tenore to be an example of intangible cultural heritage.
Nielsenoceras
Nielsenoceras is monotypic Paraceltitid genus of ammonoid from the Middle Permian, Capitanian, that is known from sediments in west Texas. The genus is distinguished by exceptionally broad prongs of the ventral lobe and by the presence of a shallow groove on the outer flanks.

Paraceltitids (family Paraceltitidae) are ceratitid ammonoid cephalopods that lived during the Middle and Late Permian, near the end of the Paleozoic.

Paraceltitidae
Paraceltitidae is a family of Middle and Upper Permian cephalopods, that comprise the earliest of the Ceratitida.  Paraceltitidids have variably ribbed, discoidally evolute shells with compressed elliptical whorl sections and simple suture lines. Their origin is most likely in the Daraelitidae of the Prolecanitida and they  are the apparent source of the Xenodiscidae. All together they lived for some 12 million years, from about 270.6 to about 258 million years ago.

Paraceltitidae was named by Spath in 1930, however the taxon is omitted in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part L, 1957 wherein respective genera are included in the Xenodiscidae. The family has returned to recognition and has been used by Tozer, 1981 and more recently by Leonova in 2002 and by Korn in 2006.
Hamamatsu Domain
Hamamatsu Domain (浜松藩, Hamamatsu-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Tōtōmi Province. It was centered on what is now Hamamatsu Castle in what is now the city of Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture.

Hamamatsu was the residence of Tokugawa Ieyasu for much of his early career, and Hamamatsu Castle was nicknamed "Promotion Castle" (出世城, Shussei-jō) due to Ieyasu's promotion to shōgun. The domain was thus considered a prestigious posting, and was seen as a stepping stone in a daimyō's rise to higher levels with the administration of the Tokugawa shogunate, such rōjū or wakadoshiyori.

The domain had a population of 3324 samurai in 776 households at the start of the Meiji period. The domain maintained its primary residence (kamiyashiki) in Edo at Toranomon until the An'ei (1772–1781) period, and at Nihonbashi-Hamacho until the Meiji period

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Sharon Vaughn (politician)
Sharon Vaughn is an American politician elected in 2022 to serve the final 13 months of Derek S. Green's term as an at-large representative on the Philadelphia City Council. She did not run for reelection in 2023.

Derek S. Green
Derek S. Green is an American politician and Democratic was a member of the Philadelphia City Council from 2016 to 2022.

He was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for the 2023 Philadelphia mayoral election.
Compound of octahedra
A compound of octahedra may be:

Compound of two octahedra

Compound of three octahedra
Also Compound of three triangular antiprisms

Compound of four octahedra
More generally, Compound of four octahedra with rotational freedom

Compound of five octahedra

Compound of eight octahedra with rotational freedom

Compound of ten octahedra

Compound of twenty octahedra
More generally, Compound of twenty octahedra with rotational freedom

Prismatic compound of antiprisms
In geometry, a prismatic compound of antiprism is a category of uniform polyhedron compound. Each member of this infinite family of uniform polyhedron compounds is a symmetric arrangement of antiprisms sharing a common axis of rotational symmetry.
Chishan Prison
Xinning Detention center (Chinese: 赤山监狱), also known as Hunan No.1 Prison (Chinese: 湖南省第一监狱), is a prison in Hunan of the People's Republic of China. China's prisons are used to hold individuals who have been sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or the death penalty. These prisons are managed by local prison administrations, which are overseen by the CCP's Prison Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Justice.

Penal system in China
The penal system in the People's Republic of China is composed of an administrative detention system and a judicial incarceration system. As of 2020, it is estimated that 1.7 million people had been incarcerated in the People's Republic of China, which is the second-highest prison population after the United States, thus as China has approx. 4-times more inhabitants than the US, the US prison population is more than four times higher per capita than in China. China also retains the use of the death penalty with the approval of the Supreme People's Court, and there is a system of death penalty with reprieve in which the sentence is suspended unless the convict commits another major crime within two years while they are detained.