hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Culemborg
Culemborg (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkyləmbɔr(ə)x] ⓘ) is a municipality and a city in the centre of the Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. The city had a population of 29,386 on 1 January 2022 and is situated just south of the Lek river. Direct train lines run from the railway station towards the cities of Utrecht and Den Bosch, via the near railway bridge.

's-Hertogenbosch
's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch: [ˌsɛrtoːɣə(m)ˈbɔs] ⓘ), colloquially known as Den Bosch (pronounced [dɛm ˈbɔs] ⓘ), is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783. It is the capital of the province of North Brabant and its fourth largest city by population. The city is directly south of the Maas river and near the Waal.
Scania OmniExpress
The Scania OmniExpress is a series of semi-integral single-deck coaches, intercity buses and city buses built by Scania in from 2007 until 2017. The OmniExpress 3.40 and OmniExpress 3.60, built to respective heights, are available as coach and intercity buses on the K EB and K IB chassis throughout Europe, including Russia, and right-hand drive versions for UK and Ireland. The 3.31-metre high OmniExpress 3.20 is available as an intercity bus, also on both K EB and K IB, in most of Europe, and the OmniExpress 3.20 LE is available as a low-entry city bus on K UB chassis in the Nordic countries.

Like with other integral and semi-integral models from Scania, the OmniExpress has a letter added in front of the chassis designation, which is L from Lahti. This means that the step-entrance models will have designations LK EB or LK IB depending on which chassis they have, but it does not show the height. The low-entry 3.20 LE has designation LK UB.

Scania K series
The Scania K series is a series of chassis in Scania's city bus and coach range with longitudinally, straight-up mounted engine at the rear, replacing the K- (K94, K114, K124) and L-type (L94) chassis of the 4 series. The K series was first presented on Busworld 2005 in Kortrijk, Belgium, and models were available from 2006.
Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film
The Young Artist Award for Best Performance by a Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film is one of the Young Artist Awards presented annually by the Young Artist Association to recognize a young actor under the age of 21, who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. In its early years, the award was also known as the Youth in Film Award for Best Young Actor Starring in a Motion Picture, as well as by numerous other variations to its title over the years, however, the spirit of the award has remained essentially the same since its inception.  Winners are selected by secret ballot of the 125 members of the Young Artist Association as well as former Youth in Film Award/Young Artist Award winners.

Young Artist Award
The Young Artist Award (originally known as the Youth in Film Award) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Foundation, an American nonprofit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers, and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable.

First presented in 1979, the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film, television, theater, and music.

The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979, at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season.
Dnata
Dubai National Air Travel Agency (Arabic: دناتا) (commonly known as dnata) is an Emirati airport services provider which provides aircraft ground handling, cargo, travel, and flight catering services across five continents.

Airline meal
An airline meal, airline food, or in-flight meal is a meal served to passengers on board a commercial airliner. These meals are prepared by specialist airline catering services and are normally served to passengers using an airline service trolley.

These meals vary widely in quality and quantity across different airline companies and classes of travel. They range from a simple snack or beverage in short-haul economy class to a seven-course gourmet meal in a first class long-haul flight. The types of food offered also vary widely from country to country, and often incorporate elements of local cuisine, sometimes both from the origin and destination countries. When ticket prices were regulated in the American domestic market, food was the primary means by which airlines differentiated themselves.
Cyclodipeptide synthases
Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) are a newly defined family of peptide-bond forming enzymes that are responsible for the ribosome-independent biosynthesis of various cyclodipeptides, which are the precursors of many natural products with important biological activities. As a substrate for this synthesis, CDPSs use two amino acids activated as aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs), therefore diverting them from the ribosomal machinery. The first member of this family was identified in 2002 during the characterization of the albonoursin biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces noursei. CDPSs are present in bacteria, fungi, and animal cells.

Peptide bond
In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain.

It can also be called a eupeptide bond to distinguish it from an isopeptide bond, which is another type of amide bond between two amino acids.
Mian Aminuddin
Mian Aminuddin (Punjabi, Urdu: میاں امین الدین) was a Pakistani civil servant. He served the Imperial Civil Service during the British Raj and then Pakistani civil servivce after independence of Pakistan. He served as the first Mayor of Lahore. He also served as the Chief commissioner of Baluchistan between 1949 and 1952 and then as the fourth Governor of West Punjab between 1953 and 1954.

Governor of Punjab, Pakistan
The governor of Punjab (Punjabi/Urdu: گورنر پنجاب, romanized: Gavarnar Panjāb) is the head of province of the Pakistani province of Punjab. Appointed by the federal government through the president of Pakistan, the governor serves a nominal and ceremonial role as head of province and executive, with real executive authority exercised by the elected chief minister and their appointed cabinet; and administrative authority by the chief secretary, the senior-most bureaucrat in the province, who reports to the chief minister.

However, throughout the history of Pakistan, the powers of the provincial governors were vastly increased, when the provincial assemblies were dissolved and the administrative role came under direct control of the governors, as in the cases of martial laws of 1958–1972 and 1977–1985, and governor rules of 1999–2002. In the case of Punjab, there was direct governor rule in 1949–1951, when the provincial chief minister of that time was removed and assemblies dissolved.
Casals Forum
Casals Forum is the concert hall for chamber music of the Kronberg Academy in Kronberg im Taunus, Hesse, Germany. Designed by Volker Staab from Berlin, building started in 2017 and the hall opened in 2022. It is named in honour of the cellist Pablo Casals. The complex includes rooms for teaching and practising for the students of the academy. Per the requests from the acoustic engineer, the architect designed the hall in a free form with curved convex and concave walls, to spread the sound widely. The acoustics have been compared to those of the hall of the Curtis Institute of Music and Wigmore Hall in London.

Pablo Casals
Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan: [ˈpaw kəˈzalz i ðəfiˈʎo]; 29 December 1876 – 22 October 1973), also known in English as Pablo Casals, was a Catalan and Puerto Rican cellist, composer, and conductor, born in Spain. He made many recordings throughout his career of solo, chamber, and orchestral music, including some as conductor, but he is perhaps best remembered for the recordings he made of the Cello Suites by Bach. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy (though the ceremony was presided over by Lyndon B. Johnson).
Max O. Urbahn
Max O. Urbahn FAIA (1912–1995) was a German-born American architect in practice in New York City and Connecticut from 1945 until his death in 1995. Among his notable projects is the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center, one of the largest buildings in the world. He served as president of the American Institute of Architects for the year 1972.

Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-member architects who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through design excellence, contributions in the field of architectural education, or to the advancement of the profession. In 2014, fewer than 3,200 of the more than 80,000 AIA members were fellows. Honorary Fellowship (Hon. FAIA) is awarded to foreign (non-U.S. citizen) architects, and to non-architects who have made substantial contributions to the field of architecture or to the institute.
Joglosemarkerto
Joglosemarkerto is a regional passenger rail service in Indonesia operated by Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI). It serves a loop route connecting major cities in Central Java and Yogyakarta, including Solo Balapan, Semarang Tawang, Purwokerto, and the Cilacap–Yogyakarta corridor. On route maps, Joglosemarkerto services are shown in bright yellow ( ).

The service was introduced on 1 December 2018 through the merger of two existing trains, the Kamandaka and the Joglokerto Express, in order to streamline operations and improve passenger occupancy on the Yogyakarta–Semarang corridor without requiring transfers in Purwokerto or Solo Balapan.

The name "Joglosemarkerto" is a portmanteau of the names of the main cities and regencies along its route: Jogja, Solo, Semarang, and Purwokerto.

Kamandaka (train)
Kamandaka is an agglomeration rail with the executive & economy that is operated by Kereta Api Indonesia which between Semarang Tawang and Cilacap via Tegal-Purwokerto-Kroya.

The Kamandaka train was first time operate on 17 February 2014 (SMT-TG-PWT) by KAI.
Kepler-62c
Kepler-62c (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-701.05) is an approximately Mars-sized exoplanet discovered in orbit around the star Kepler-62, the second innermost of five discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft around Kepler-62. At the time of discovery it was the second-smallest exoplanet discovered and confirmed by the Kepler spacecraft, after Kepler-37b. It was found using the transit method, in which the dimming that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. Its stellar flux is 25 ± 3 times Earth's. It is similar to Mercury.

Kepler-62
Kepler-62 is a K-type main sequence star cooler and smaller than the Sun, located 982 light-years (301 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation Lyra. It resides within the field of vision of the Kepler spacecraft, the satellite that NASA's Kepler Mission used to detect planets that may be transiting their stars. On April 18, 2013, it was announced that the star has five planets, two of which, Kepler-62e and Kepler-62f are within the star's habitable zone. The outermost, Kepler-62f, is likely a rocky planet.
Wusun Mountains
The Wusun Mountains or Ketmen Mountains are a small range in the central part of the Tianshan Mountains. They lie north of the Tekes River valley and south of the main Ili River valley in southeastern Kazakhstan and in western Xinjiang Province, China. The highest point is Baishi Peak (白石峰), about 3,475 meters (11,400 ft) above sea level.

Tian Shan
The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia. The highest peak is Jengish Chokusu at 7,439 metres (24,406 ft) high and located in Kyrgyzstan. Its lowest point is at the Turpan Depression, which is 154 m (505 ft) below sea level.

The Tian Shan is sacred in Tengrism. Its second-highest peak is known as Khan Tengri, which can be translated as "Lord of the Spirits". At the 2013 Conference on World Heritage, the eastern portion of Tian Shan in western China's Xinjiang Region was listed as a World Heritage Site. The western portion in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan was then listed in 2016.
Bruce Laingen
Lowell Bruce Laingen (August 6, 1922 – July 15, 2019) was an American diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Malta from 1977 to 1979. Laingen is best known for having been the most senior American official held hostage during the Iran hostage crisis, while serving as the chargé d'affaires (head of diplomatic mission) at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.

Embassy of the United States, Tehran
The Embassy of the United States of America in Tehran (Persian: سفارت آمریکا در تهران) was the American diplomatic mission in the Imperial State of Iran. Direct bilateral diplomatic relations between the two governments were severed following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, and the subsequent seizure of the embassy in November 1979.
Hugh MacLennan
John Hugh MacLennan CC CQ FRSL FRSC (March 20, 1907 – November 9, 1990) was a Canadian writer and professor of English at McGill University. He won five Governor General's Awards and a Royal Bank Award.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Sedudo Waterfall
Sedudo waterfall is situated in the Ngliman village, Sawahan district, within Nganjuk Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The waterfall is located some 30 km south of the district’s capital, Nganjuk, and lies at an altitude of 1,438 metres above sea level, with  a drop of approximately 105 metres. Sedudo is close to the base of Mount Wilis, a volcanic massif with no recorded history of eruptions.

Nganjuk Regency
Nganjuk Regency (Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦔꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦏ꧀) is a regency (kabupaten) of East Java Province, Indonesia. It borders Bojonegoro Regency in the north, Jombang Regency in the east, Kediri Regency in the south and Madiun Regency in the west. It covers an area of 1,288.91 sq. km, and had a population of 1,017,030 at the 2010 Census and 1,103,902 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,148,611 (comprising 577,609 males and 571,002 females). The administrative centre of the regency is the town of Nganjuk. The current regent is Dr. Drs. H. Marhaen Djumadi, S.E., S.H., M.M., M.B.A.
Mizo grammar
Mizo grammar is the grammar of the Mizo language, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by about a million people in Mizoram, Manipur, Tripura, Burma and Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. It is a highly inflected language, with fairly complex noun phrase structure and word modifications. Nouns and pronouns are declined, and phrasal nouns also undergo an analogous declension.

Mizo language
Mizo also known as Duhlián ṭawng is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Mizoram, where it is the official language and lingua franca. It is the mother tongue of the Mizo people and some members of the Mizo diaspora. Other than Mizoram, it is also spoken in Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, and Assam states of India, Sagaing Region and Chin State in Myanmar, and Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. It is mainly based on the Lusei dialect but it has also derived many words from its surrounding Mizo clans such as Hmar, Pawi, etc.

The language is also known as Duhlian and Lushai, a colonial term, as the Duhlian people were the first among the Mizo people to be encountered by the British in the course of their colonial expansion.
University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya
The University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya (or simply USTM) is a state private university in India  located at Ri-Bhoi, in the state of Meghalaya. It is the first State Private University in the entire Northeast India. The University is established through the University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya Act, 2008 of the Government of Meghalaya. This University is a project of Education Research & Development Foundation (ERDF), the largest educational network in the North Eastern region of India. It has been accredited with 'A' by NAAC.

Ri-Bhoi district
Ri-Bhoi district (English: /rɪ ˈbɔɪ/) is an administrative district in the state of Meghalaya in India. The district headquarters are located at Nongpoh. The district occupies an area of 2378 km2 and has a population of 258,840 (as of 2011). As of 2011 it is the second least populous district of Meghalaya (out of 7), after South Garo Hills.
Carmel Arts and Crafts Club
The Carmel Arts and Crafts Club was an art gallery and theatre club founded in 1905, which soon built a clubhouse where artists and actors attracted to the arts colony village of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, gathered. The club exhibited and taught art and produced performances at Forest Theater and the Golden Bough Playhouse. By 1927, the Carmel Art Association replaced the club as the center of art in Carmel, and in 1929, Edward G. Kuster purchased the club's theatrical operations.

Carmel Art Association
The Carmel Art Association (CAA) is a Not-for-profit arts organization and gallery located in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. The CAA is Carmel's oldest gallery. It features the work of many local artists living on the Monterey Peninsula. Many of its members were  early California artists. The CAA is a 501(c)(3) organization.
Howard Mason
Howard "Pappy" Mason (born September 8, 1959) is an American drug trafficker and organized crime figure. Mason and his partner, Lorenzo "Fat Cat" Nichols, ran a drug smuggling gang called the Bebos, in the Jamaica, Queens, neighborhood of New York City. The gang sold drugs and netted as much as $200,000 per month in profit. Mason is serving a life sentence in federal prison.

Lorenzo Nichols
Lorenzo "Fat Cat" Nichols (born December 25, 1958) is an American convicted former drug kingpin who ran a sophisticated drug trafficking organization in the 1980s in Jamaica, Queens. Members of Nichols' crew were Howard "Pappy" Mason, a friend from prison and a key part of Nichols' operation; Luc "Spoon" Stephen, a trusted associate; and Joseph "Mike Bones" Rogers. Nichols' headquarters was Big Mac's Deli, a business that he inherited from his then father-in-law.

According to the book Queens Reigns Supreme: Fat Cat, 50 Cent, and the Rise of the Hip Hop Hustler by Ethan Brown, he got his nickname "Fat Cat" because of his "linebacker-thick neck, a head so big it nearly blocked out his friends' faces in snapshots, and his rangy beard."
Philip L. Spooner Jr.
Philip Loring Spooner Jr. (January 13, 1847 – January 2, 1918) was an American businessman and Republican politician.  He was the first insurance commissioner of the state of Wisconsin and the 18th mayor of Madison, Wisconsin.  He was a younger brother of United States senator John Coit Spooner.

John Coit Spooner
John Coit Spooner (January 6, 1843 – June 11, 1919) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from Hudson, Wisconsin.  He represented Wisconsin as a United States Senator from 1885 to 1891, then again from 1897 to 1907.  In his latter stint, he was chairman of the powerful Senate Rules Committee and was considered one of the "Big Four" key Republicans in the Senate who largely controlled its major decisions, the others being Orville H. Platt of Connecticut, William B. Allison of Iowa, and Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island.  He is possibly best known for the Spooner Act, which authorized the United States purchase of the Panama Canal Zone.

Politically, Spooner was a conservative (or stalwart) Republican and had a bitter rivalry for supremacy in Wisconsin Republican politics against his progressive Republican contemporary U.S. senator Robert M. "Fighting Bob" La Follette.
Lawrence Cannon
Lawrence Cannon, PC (born December 6, 1947) is a Canadian politician from Quebec and Prime Minister Stephen Harper's former Quebec lieutenant. In early 2006, he was made the Minister of Transport. On October 30, 2008, he relinquished oversight of Transport and was sworn in as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was defeated in the 2011 federal election by the NDP's Mathieu Ravignat. He was appointed as Canadian Ambassador to France in May 2012, and he served in that position until September 2017.

Minister of Transport (Canada)
The minister of transport (French: ministre des transports) is a minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet. The minister is responsible for overseeing the federal government's transportation regulatory and development department, Transport Canada, the Saint Lawrence Seaway, Nav Canada, and the Port Authority system. Since September 16, 2025, the position has been held by Steven MacKinnon of the Liberal Party.
Chitrapu Narayana Rao
Chitrapu Narayana Rao (born Chithrapu Narayana Murthy; 1913-1985) was an Indian film director and producer known for his works in Telugu and Tamil cinema. He received a Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Tamil Film for Edhir Paradhathu (1958) and Annaiyin Aanai (1962). He also won the Nandi Award for the 1967 Telugu film Bhakta Prahlada.

Nandi Awards
The Nandi Awards were annual awards presented by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to recognise excellence in Telugu cinema, theatre, and television, as well as lifetime achievements in Indian cinema. The awards were named after the monolithic sculpture of the sacred bull in Hinduism, Nandi, at Lepakshi, a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu people.

The Nandi Awards were categorised into four levels: Swarnam (Gold), Rajatam (Silver), Kamsyam (Bronze), and Raagi (Copper). In addition to film and television awards, the government also presented the Nandi Natakotsavam Awards to honour outstanding contributions in social, mythological, and poetic dramas in Telugu theatre.
Siege of Novgorod (1170)
The siege of Novgorod (Russian: Осада Новгорода; Belarusian: Аблога Ноўгарада) was a 1169/1170 siege of the city of Veliky Novgorod, capital of the Novgorod Republic, in the aftermath of the Sack of Kiev (1169).

Sack of Kiev (1169)
The sack of Kiev took place on 8–12 March 1169 when a coalition of 11 princes, assembled by prince Andrey Bogolyubsky of Vladimir-Suzdal, attacked the Kievan Rus' capital city of Kiev (modern Kyiv) during the 1167–1169 Kievan succession crisis. The conflict, caused by the death of grand prince Rostislav I of Kiev, was between rival branches of the Monomakhovichi clan: the Iziaslavichi of Volhynia (senior Mstislavichi; in control of Kiev, Novgorod, Volynia and Halych) on the one hand, and the Rostislavichi of Smolensk (junior Mstislavichi), the Yurievichi (controlling Suzdalia and Pereyaslavl), and the Olgovichi of Chernigov on the other. Prince Mstislav II of Kiev sought to defend Kiev against the Rostislavichi–Yurievichi–Olgovichi coalition.