hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maureen Harding Clark
Maureen Harding Clark (born 3 January 1946) is an Irish judge who served as a Judge of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia since June 2019, a Judge of the High Court from 2006 to 2014, a Judge at the International Criminal Court from 2003 to 2006, and a Judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia from 2001 to 2003.

High Court (Ireland)
The High Court (Irish: An Ard-Chúirt) of Ireland is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central Criminal Court and sits with judge and jury. It also acts as a court of appeal for civil cases in the Circuit Court. It also has the power to determine whether or not a law is constitutional, and of judicial review over acts of the government and other public bodies.
Nes og Hidra
Nes og Hitterø or Hitterø og Nes is a former municipality that was located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway. It was located in the southwestern part of the present-day Flekkefjord Municipality in Agder county. It encompassed the Nes peninsula and the island of Hidra (formerly called Hitterø). The 240-square-kilometre (93 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1893. The administrative centre of the municipality was the small village of Sunde in Nes parish, located just outside the town of Flekkefjord (which was its own separate municipality).

Hidra (island)
Hidra (historically spelled Hitterø) is the largest island in Agder county, Norway.  The 20.8-square-kilometre (8.0 sq mi) island lies within Flekkefjord Municipality, south of the mainland coast, separated from it by the 350-metre (1,150 ft) wide Hidrasund strait and the Listafjorden. As of 2015, the island had about 500 residents, mostly living on the west side in Kirkehavn, where Hidra Church is located. Rasvåg is another main village, located on the south side of the island.  In 2007, the Norwegian government studied the possibility of constructing an undersea tunnel to connect the island to the mainland without the use of a ferry; however, the project was deemed too costly relative to its benefits.

The island was the center of the former Hidra Municipality, which existed from 1893 until 1965.
Lexington Table
The Lexington Table  (83°05′S 49°45′W﻿ / ﻿83.083°S 49.750°W﻿ / -83.083; -49.750﻿ (Lexington Table)) is a high, flat, snow-covered plateau, about 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long and 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) wide, standing just north of Kent Gap and Saratoga Table in the Forrestal Range, Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica.

Saratoga Table
The Saratoga Table (83°20′S 50°30′W﻿ / ﻿83.333°S 50.500°W﻿ / -83.333; -50.500﻿ (Saratoga Table)) is a high, flat, snow-covered plateau, 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) long and 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) wide, standing just south of Kent Gap and Lexington Table in the southern Forrestal Range, Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica.
WTMX
WTMX (101.9 FM "The Mix") is a hot AC radio station in Chicago, Illinois. Licensed to Skokie, it is owned by Hubbard Broadcasting.  WTMX has its studios located at One Prudential Plaza and its transmitter co-located atop Willis Tower (the former Sears Tower).

WTMX broadcasts in the HD digital hybrid format. The station broadcasts an HD2 subchannel branded "Good Rock".

Hubbard Broadcasting
Hubbard Broadcasting, Inc. is an American television and radio broadcasting corporation based in St. Paul, Minnesota. It was founded by Stanley E. Hubbard.

The corporation has broadcast outlets scattered across Minnesota, Wisconsin, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, New York, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Washington, Florida, and Washington, D.C. KSTP radio, KSTP-FM, KTMY, KSTP-TV, and KSTC-TV, which serve the Twin Cities region of Minnesota and western Wisconsin, are regarded as the company's legacy flagship stations.
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour was a junior position within the British government, subordinate to the Minister of Labour. It was established in December 1916, at the same time as the Ministry of Labour. When the Ministry of Labour was renamed the Ministry of Labour and National Service in 1939, the position was consequently renamed Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour and National Service. When the Ministry resumed its former name in 1959, the office once again became named Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour. The post was abolished in 1964.

Secretary of State for Employment
The secretary of state for employment was a position in the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. In 1995, it was merged with secretary of state for education to make the secretary of state for education and employment. In 2001, the employment functions were hived off and transferred to the secretary of state for social security to form the secretary of state for work and pensions.
Alabama State Route 110
State Route 110 (SR 110) is a 32.257-mile-long (51.913 km) state highway in the central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. The western terminus of the highway is at an intersection with SR 126 within sight of the Interstate 85 (I-85) and U.S. Route 80 (US 80) interchange in the eastern part of Montgomery. The eastern terminus of the highway is at an intersection with US 82 west of Union Springs, Alabama.

Alabama State Route 126
State Route 126 (SR 126) is an 11.054-mile-long (17.790 km) state highway in Montgomery County, in the central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. The highway serves as both the northern and southern frontage roads between exits 11 and 16 along Interstate 85 (I-85) and U.S. Route 80 (US 80). Prior to US 80's realignment onto I-85 in November 2010, SR 126 was only the northern frontage road. SR 126 begins at itself, a consequence of the realignment as it forms a complete loop. A 308-foot-long (94 m) spur from the route's beginning marks the end of the route.
Inter-Access Point Protocol
Inter-Access Point Protocol or IEEE 802.11F is a recommendation that describes an optional extension to IEEE 802.11 that provides wireless access point communications among multivendor systems. 802.11 is a set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly used today in their 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n versions to provide wireless connectivity in the home, office and some commercial establishments.

The IEEE 802.11 standard doesn't specify the communications between access points in order to support users roaming from one access point to another and load balancing. The 802.11 working group purposely did not define this element in order to provide flexibility in working with different wired and wireless distribution systems (i.e., wired backbones that interconnect access points).

Wireless access point
In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP) (also just access point (AP)) is a networking hardware device that allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network or wireless network. As a standalone device, the AP may have a wired or wireless connection to a switch or router, but in a wireless router it can also be an integral component of the networking device itself. A WAP and AP is differentiated from a hotspot, which can be a physical location or digital location where Wi-Fi or WAP access is available.
Clodius Albinus
Decimus Clodius Albinus (c. 150 – 19 February 197) was a Roman imperial pretender between 193 and 197. He was proclaimed emperor by the legions in Britain and Hispania after the murder of Pertinax in 193 (known as the "Year of the Five Emperors"). Initially Albinus cooperated with another contender for the throne, Septimius Severus, but the two turned on each other in 196 and commenced a civil war. Albinus died in battle the following year.

Pertinax
Publius Helvius Pertinax (/ˈpɜːrtɪnæks/ PER-tin-ax; 1 August 126 – 28 March 193) was Roman emperor for the first three months of 193, succeeding Commodus and becoming the first ruler of the turbulent Year of the Five Emperors.

The son of a freedman, Pertinax rose from modest origins through a military career. He distinguished himself in the Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 and went on to hold a succession of governorships and senior commands. He also sat in the Roman Senate, where he was a contemporary of the historian Cassius Dio.

After the assassination of Commodus, Pertinax was chosen emperor. He aimed at restoring army discipline and imperial financial stability, but his reforms angered the Praetorian Guard, who killed him after just 87 days. He was later deified by Septimius Severus, who promoted his memory as part of his own rise to power. Ancient and modern assessments generally view Pertinax as a capable and conscientious ruler undone by circumstances.
Geology of the Waikato–King Country region
The Waikato and King Country regions of New Zealand are built upon a basement of greywacke rocks, which form many of the hills.  Much of the land to the west of the Waikato River and in the King Country to the south has been covered by limestone and sandstone, forming bluffs and a karst landscape. The volcanic cones of Karioi and Pirongia dominate the landscape near Raglan and Kawhia Harbours.  To the east, the land has been covered with ignimbrite deposits from the Taupō Volcanic Zone.  Large amounts of pumice from the Taupō Volcanic Zone have been deposited in the Waikato Basin and Hauraki Plains.

Kawhia Harbour
Kawhia Harbour (Māori: Kāwhia) is one of three large natural inlets in the Tasman Sea coast of the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located to the south of Raglan Harbour, Ruapuke and Aotea Harbour, 40 kilometres southwest of Hamilton. Kawhia is part of the Ōtorohanga District and is in the King Country. It has a high-tide area of 68 km2 (26 sq mi) and a low-tide area of 18 km2 (6.9 sq mi). Te Motu Island is located in the harbour.

The settlement of Kawhia is located on the northern coast of the inlet, and was an important port in early colonial New Zealand. The area of Kawhia comprises 16 to 20 hectares (40 to 50 acres) and is the town block that was owned by the New Zealand Government. The government bought it from the Europeans in 1880 "not from the original Māori owners, but from a European who claimed ownership in payment of money owed by another European".
Takahide Ishii
Takahide Ishii (石井 孝英, Ishii Takahide, born 3 June) is a Japanese voice actor from Ibaraki Prefecture, affiliated with With Line. He started voice acting after his sister took him to see a musical and after being impressed by the first live performance of voice actor Mamoru Miyano, and he has starred as Nanao Wakura in Cute High Earth Defense Club Happy Kiss, Junpei Shirayama in Dimension High School, Ryosuke Minase in Futsal Boys!!!!!, Tarō J. Suzuki in Delusional Monthly Magazine, and Tomoatsu Naoe in Plus-Sized Elf.

Mamoru Miyano
Mamoru Miyano (宮野 真守, Miyano Mamoru; born June 8, 1983) is a Japanese actor and singer. He is best known for his roles in Death Note, Steins;Gate, Mobile Suit Gundam 00, Durarara!!, Soul Eater, Wolf's Rain, Ouran High School Host Club, Ajin: Demi-Human, Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, Free!, Hunter x Hunter, Chihayafuru, Bungo Stray Dogs, Persona 5, Zombieland Saga, Fire Force, and Pluto. Nominated for the "Best Lead Actor Award" at the 1st Seiyu Awards in 2007 for his role as Light Yagami in Death Note, at the 2nd Seiyu Awards in 2008, he won the award for his role as Setsuna F. Seiei in Mobile Suit Gundam 00 and Hakugen Rikuson in Kōtetsu Sangokushi. That same year, he won the "Best Voice Actor" award at the 2008 Tokyo International Anime Fair. His debut single, "Kuon" (久遠; lit. Eternity), was released under King Records in 2007. In March 2009, his debut album, Break, was released.
Platformism
Platformism is an anarchist organizational theory that aims to create a tightly coordinated anarchist federation. Its main features include a common tactical line, federalism, a unified political policy and a commitment to collective responsibility.

First developed by Peter Arshinov in response to the perceived disorganization of the Russian anarchist movement, platformism proposes that a "general union of anarchists" be established to agitate, educate and organize the working classes. It advocates working within existing mass organizations, such as trade unions, in order to transform them into vehicles for a social revolution. In the course of revolution, platformists emphasize the creation of workers' councils, such as the free soviets, to serve as institutions of self-management in a stateless society.

Free soviets
Free soviets were the basic form of organization in the Makhnovshchina. These soviets acted independently from any central authority, excluding all political parties from participation, and met to self-manage the activities of workers and peasants through participatory democracy.

The soviets acted as the local organs of self-governance and federated together up to the regional and national levels, resulting in the relatively horizontal organization of the soviets. However, the conditions of the war meant that the Soviet model could only be implemented at scale during "periods of relative peace and territorial stability", as the populace was largely concerned with securing food or staying safe from the advancing armies.
Tar Creek (Santa Clara County)
Tar Creek is an 8-mile-long (13 km) mainly southeastward-flowing stream originating on the eastern slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains, in southern Santa Clara County, California, United States. Tar Creek flows through the Sargent Ranch, once the Rancho Juristac Mexican Land grant. It crosses under U.S. Highway 101 and about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Gilroy, California joins lower Uvas Creek (known in its lower reach as Carnadero Creek). From the Tar Creek confluence, lower Uvas /Carnardero Creek flows shortly south to its confluence with the Pajaro River at the Santa Clara County - San Benito County boundary.

Uvas Creek
Uvas Creek is a 29.5-mile-long (47.5 km) mainly southward-flowing stream originating on Loma Prieta peak of the Santa Cruz Mountains, in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The creek descends through Uvas Canyon County Park into Uvas Reservoir near Morgan Hill, and on through Uvas Creek Preserve and Christmas Hill Park in Gilroy.  Upon passing U.S. Highway 101 it is known as Carnadero Creek (also known as lower Uvas Creek), shortly before the confluence with the Pajaro River at the Santa Clara County - San Benito County boundary.
Calliphara nobilis
Calliphara nobilis (commonly known as the mangrove jewel bug, mangrove shield bug, or mangrove stink bug) is a species of jewel bug found in Asia. Like all species of jewel bugs, it is phytophagous, feeding on the leaves, fruit and seeds of its host plants. This insect is notable for its multiple defense mechanisms: it is highly mobile and swarms disperse with a loud buzz when disturbed; it is aposematically colored, which serves as a warning to any would-be predators that it is unpalatable; and it possesses a robust chemical defense mechanism: it can secrete an irritating and toxic fluid from a pair of metathoracic scent glands when threatened.

Scutelleridae
Scutelleridae is a family of true bugs. They are commonly known as jewel (stink) bugs or metallic shield bugs due to their often brilliant coloration. With the name based on the Asian genus Scutellera, they are also known as shield-backed bugs due to the enlargement of the thoracic scutellum into a continuous shield over the abdomen and wings. This latter characteristic distinguishes them from most other families within Heteroptera, and may lead to misidentification as a beetle rather than a bug. These insects use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to feed on plant juices from a variety of different species, including some commercial crops. Closely related to stink bugs, they may also produce an offensive odour when disturbed. There are around 450 species worldwide.
David Rappoport
Rabbi David HaKohen Rappoport (Hebrew: רב דוד הכהן רפפורט) (1890 – September 23, 1941) was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi in Baranovich, Belarus (then part of Poland). He is known for leading Yeshiva Ohel Torah in Baranovich alongside Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman.

Elchonon Wasserman
Rabbi Elchonon Bunim Wasserman (Hebrew: אלחנן בונים וסרמן; Lithuanian: Elchononas Vasermanas; 1874 – 6 July 1941) was a prominent rabbi and rosh yeshiva (dean) in prewar Europe. He was one of the closest students of  Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan (the Chofetz Chaim) and a noted Talmid Chacham. In the interwar period, he served as rosh yeshiva of Yeshiva Ohel Torah-Baranovich. He was murdered during the Holocaust.
Imperial Sugar
Imperial Sugar Company is a major U.S. sugar producer and marketer based in Sugar Land, Texas, with sugar refinery operations in California, Georgia, and Louisiana.  The company was established in 1843 and has undergone ownership changes multiple times.  The current name, Imperial Sugar Company, was established after a change in ownership in 1907.  The company went through major expansion through acquisitions beginning in 1988, but filed for bankruptcy in 2001, emerging in the same year and embarking on a downsizing strategy.  In May 2012, the company was purchased by Louis Dreyfus Group of the Netherlands. In November 2022, Dreyfus sold Imperial to U.S. Sugar.

U.S. Sugar
U.S. Sugar Corporation is a privately owned agricultural business based in Clewiston, Florida. The company farms over 230,000 acres of land in the counties of Hendry, Glades, Martin, and Palm Beach. It is the largest producer of sugarcane in the United States by volume, producing over 700,000 tonnes per year. The company is also a large producer of refined sugar, sweet corn and oranges.

U.S. Sugar is considered in South Florida along with Florida Crystals and the 54-member Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida known as Big Sugar. The company is one of the largest employers in the Glades region of Florida, with more than 2,500 employees.
Santa Bárbara de Heredia
Santa Bárbara is one of the six districts that make up the canton of Santa Bárbara, Costa Rica. The district of Santa Bárbara is commonly referred to as Santa Bárbara de Heredia, and is the seat of the municipality of Santa Bárbara, and therefore awarded the title of city. It is an important commercial and transportation hub, approximately seven miles from the provincial capital of Heredia and five miles from the provincial capital of Alajuela.

Heredia, Costa Rica
Heredia (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈɾeðja]) is a district in the Heredia canton of Heredia province, Costa Rica. As the seat of the municipality of Heredia canton, it is awarded the status of city, and by virtue of being the city of the first canton, it is the Province Capital of Heredia province as well. It is 10 kilometers to the north of the country's capital, San José.

The city is home to one of the largest colleges in Costa Rica, the National University of Costa Rica, which accepts many international students.
Ogden Express
Ogden Express (OGX) is a 5.3-mile (8.5 km) bus rapid transit (BRT) line in southern Ogden, Utah. United States. The line is operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) and runs between Ogden Central station (FrontRunner station) and the McKay-Dee Hospital, via Weber State University (WSU). OGX is the third of UTA's BRT lines along the Wasatch Front, and officially opened on August 20, 2023.: 3–6

Utah Transit Authority bus rapid transit
The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) operates two bus rapid transit (BRT) services along the Wasatch Front in Utah, United States. It is described by UTA as "light rail on rubber tires." As of July 2024, an additional one is under construction, two are planned, and one has been discontinued.
Doob decomposition theorem
In the theory of stochastic processes in discrete time, a part of the mathematical theory of probability, the Doob decomposition theorem gives a unique decomposition of every adapted and integrable stochastic process as the sum of a martingale and a predictable process (or "drift") starting at zero. The theorem was proved by and is named for Joseph L. Doob.

The analogous theorem in the continuous-time case is the Doob–Meyer decomposition theorem.

Martingale (probability theory)
In probability theory, a martingale is a stochastic process in which the expected value of the next observation, given all prior observations, is equal to the most recent value. In other words, the conditional expectation of the next value, given the past, is equal to the present value. Martingales are used to model fair games, where future expected winnings are equal to the current amount regardless of past outcomes.
Mawaihakona Stream
The Mawaihakona Stream (also known as Māwai Hākona Stream) is a small watercourse in Upper Hutt, in the North Island of New Zealand. The stream begins at a spring in Trentham Memorial Park and drains the western side of the Hutt Valley from Trentham to Heretaunga, flowing into the Hutt River north of the Silverstream bridge. An environmental restoration project has been underway since 2002 with the aim of restoring the health of the stream. Over 10,000 trees have been planted on the banks of the stream, and the stream bed has been progressively cleared of invasive exotic species. The project has been recognised with several environmental awards.

Hutt River (New Zealand)
The Hutt River (Māori: Te Awa Kairangi, Te Wai o Orutu or Heretaunga; officially Te Awa Kairangi / Hutt River) flows through the southern North Island of New Zealand. It flows south-west from the southern Tararua Range for 56 kilometres (35 mi), forming a number of fertile floodplains, including Kaitoke, central Upper Hutt and Lower Hutt.

The Hutt River Trail, a regional park administered by Wellington Regional Council, runs alongside the eastern side of the river.
1604 Arica earthquake
The 1604 Arica earthquake is an earthquake that occurred at 1:30 pm on November 24, 1604, offshore Arica, Chile (formerly part of the Spanish Empire). The estimated magnitude range is Ms8.0–8.5 and up to Mw8.7–9.0 and Mt8.8–9.0. It had a destructive tsunami that destroyed moust of Southern Peru, including Arica and Arequipa. 1,200–2,800 km (750–1,740 mi) of coastline was affected by the tsunami. The recorded effects of this earthquake are very similar to those for the 1868 Arica event, suggesting a similar magnitude and rupture area of the megathrust between the subducting Nazca plate and the overriding South American plate. Tsunami deposits have been identified on the Chatham Islands that are likely to have been caused by a trans-Pacific tsunami caused by the 1604 earthquake.

1868 Arica earthquake
The 1868 Arica earthquake occurred on 13 August 1868, near Arica, then part of Peru, now part of Chile, at 21:30 UTC. It had an estimated magnitude between 8.8 and 9.1, although earlier studies suggested a broader range of 8.5–9.3. A tsunami (or multiple tsunamis) in the Pacific Ocean was produced by the earthquake, which was recorded in Hawaii, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.
Christmas Under Fire
Christmas Under Fire is a 1941 British short documentary film directed by Harry Watt for the Crown Film Unit of the Ministry of Information. It was conceived as propaganda primarily for an American audience, to raise support for the Allied cause during the Second World War. Produced in the context of German bombings of British cities, it depicts the resilience of British civilians despite the hardships they suffered during the 1940 Christmas, by showing the continuation of Christmas traditions in the face of the disruptions caused by war. The film is a sequel to London Can Take It!, with the same narrator, Quentin Reynolds. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short, which was won by Churchill's Island.

Churchill's Island
Churchill's Island (La Forteresse de Churchill) is a 1941 propaganda film chronicling the defence of Britain during the Second World War. The film was written and directed by Stuart Legg and produced by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) for the Director of Information, Government of Canada.