hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kallody
Kallody is a village in the Edavaka Grama panchayath of the Wayanad district, Kerala, India. It forms part of the Mananthavady Taluk. The Hill Highway (Kerala) SH-59 passes through this village town.

Kallody is home to the St. George Forane Church Kallody, Wayanad and Chowayil Bhagavathy Temple.

Mananthavady
Mananthavady is a Municipality, Taluk and town in the Wayanad district of Kerala, India. The municipal boundaries are defined by Tirunelli Panchayat to the north, Kabini River to the east and south, and Thavinhal Panchayat to the west. Mananthavady is the largest muncipality in Wayanad District.It is situated 35km northeast of the district headquarters, Kalpetta, 80km east of Thalassery, and 110km northeast of Kozhikode.
First Battle of St Albans
The First Battle of St Albans took place on 22 May 1455, at St Albans, 22 miles (35 km) north of London, and traditionally marks the beginning of the Wars of the Roses in England. Richard, Duke of York, and his allies, the Neville Earls of Salisbury and Warwick, defeated a royal army commanded by Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. Unusually, the battle was contested in the town of St Albans itself, with the bulk of the fighting taking place in
the streets and a tavern being used as a redoubt. Somerset was killed in the battle, and King Henry VI captured, clearing the way for a subsequent parliament to appoint Richard of York Lord Protector.

House of Neville
The House of Neville or Nevill family (originally FitzMaldred) is a noble house of early medieval origin, which was a leading force in English politics in the Late Middle Ages. The family became one of the two major powers in northern England and played a central role in the Wars of the Roses along with their rival, the House of Percy.
Caitlin De Wit
Caitlin De Wit (born 19 June 1987) is a 3.0 point Australian wheelchair basketball player. She was part of the  Australia women's national wheelchair basketball team at the Osaka Cup in Japan in February 2013, and the Asia-Oceania Zone Qualifiers in Bangkok in November 2013. She played with the Hills Hornets team that won the Women's National Wheelchair basketball League (WNWBL) championship title in 2007, 2008 and 2009, and the Sydney University Flames team that won it in 2010.

3 point player
3-point player is a disability sport classification for wheelchair basketball. People in this class have good forward and backward trunk movement but poor to no sideways trunk movement. The class includes people with L2–L4 paraplegia and amputations. Amputees are put into this class generally if they have hip disarticulations or hip abductions.  Players in this class can generally rebound balls that are over their heads, but they can have some issues with balance during lateral rebounds.

Classification into these classes has four phases. They are a medical assessment, observation during training, observation during competition and assessment. Observation during training may include a game of one on one. Once put into this class, it is very difficult to be classified out of it.

Players in this class include Australia's Tina McKenzie, Sarah Stewart and Katie Hill.
Carol E. Mayer
Carol E. Mayer is a Canadian museum professional, curator, and educator. She has curated over 50 exhibitions and worked with the British Columbia Museums Association (BCMA), Canadian Museums Association (CMA), and the International Council of Museums (ICOM).

Mayer has taught museum studies and material culture courses at the University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Victoria, and Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design. She co-founded and directed the Museum Studies Certificate Program at UBC (1996-1997).

Canadian Museums Association
The Canadian Museums Association (CMA; French: Association des musées canadiens, AMC), is a national non-profit organization for the promotion of museums in Canada. It represents Canadian museum professionals both within Canada and internationally. As with most trade associations, it aims to improve the recognition, growth and stability of its constituency. Its staff supports their nearly 2,000 members with conferences, publications, and networking opportunities.

CMA members include national museums, non-profit museums, art galleries, science centres, aquariums, archives, sport halls-of-fame, artist-run centres, zoos and historic sites across Canada. They range from large metropolitan galleries to small community museums. All are dedicated to preserving and presenting Canada's cultural heritage to the public.
Ben Askren
Benjamin Michael Askren (born July 18, 1984) is an American former professional mixed martial artist, professional boxer and Olympic wrestler. He formerly competed in the Welterweight  divisions of Bellator Fighting Championships and ONE FC, where he was the longest reigning Bellator Welterweight Champion and longest reigning ONE Welterweight World Champion. He also competed in the welterweight division of the UFC.

An accomplished grappler, he was a 2008 US Olympic Team Member and National champion in freestyle wrestling. He also was the 2005 Pan American champion as a freestyle wrestler. In college, Askren was a two-time NCAA Division I national champion (four-time finalist), and three-time Big 12 Conference champion (four-time finalist) for the Missouri Tigers, and was the second wrestler to secure multiple Dan Hodge Trophies (the wrestling equivalent of the Heisman Trophy) in folkstyle wrestling. He was also a world champion in submission wrestling.

Submission wrestling
Submission wrestling, also known as submission fighting and submission grappling or simply grappling, is a martial art and combat sport that focuses on ground fighting and submission techniques. It is a hybrid discipline that incorporates elements of various martial arts such as various wrestling styles, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Submission wrestling is practiced both as a competitive sport and as a training method for self-defence and mixed martial arts (MMA).
George H. W. Bush broccoli comments
During his tenure as the 41st president of the United States, George H. W. Bush frequently mentioned his distaste for broccoli, famously saying: "I do not like broccoli. And I haven't liked it since I was a little kid. And my mother made me eat it. Now I'm president of the United States. And I'm not gonna eat any more broccoli!" Bush's views on broccoli were seen as out of touch with Americans, as broccoli was becoming more popular and was referred to as the "vegetable of the 80s".

Hillary Clinton and Tipper Gore, wives of Democratic nominees for president and vice president Bill Clinton and Al Gore, were seen holding a sign that stated: "Let's put broccoli in the White House again." After Bush left office, he occasionally mentioned his dislike of broccoli. Bush's son, 43rd president George W. Bush, mentioned his father's dislike of broccoli in a eulogy at his father's funeral.

Tipper Gore
Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Gore (née Aitcheson; born August 19, 1948) is an American social issues advocate. She was the second lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 through her marriage to the 45th vice president, Al Gore in 1970, from whom she separated in 2010.

In 1985, Gore co-founded the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), which advocated for labeling of record covers of releases featuring profane language or unacceptable themes, especially in the heavy metal, punk, and hip hop genres of music. Throughout her decades of public life, she has advocated for placing advisory labels on music (leading critics to call her a censor), and for mental health awareness, women's causes, children's causes, LGBT rights, and reducing homelessness.
Geologic record
The geologic record in stratigraphy, paleontology and other natural sciences refers to the entirety of the layers of rock strata. That is, deposits laid down by volcanism or by deposition of sediment derived from weathering detritus (clays, sands etc.). This includes all its fossil content and the information it yields about the history of the Earth: its past climate, geography, geology and the evolution of life on its surface. According to the law of superposition, sedimentary and volcanic rock layers are deposited on top of each other. They harden over time to become a solidified (competent) rock column, that may be intruded by igneous rocks and disrupted by tectonic events.

Tectonics
Tectonics (from Ancient Greek  τεκτονικός tektonikós 'pertaining to building' via Latin tectonicus) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons.

These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.

Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features.
63rd NHK Cup (shogi)
The 63rd NHK Cup, or as it is officially known the 63rd NHK Cup TV Shogi Tournament (第63回NHK杯テレビ将棋トーナメント, dairokujūsankai enueichikeihai terebi shōgi tōnamento) was a professional shogi tournament organized by the Japan Shogi Association and sponsored by Japan's public broadcaster NHK. Play began on April 7, 2013, and ended on March 23, 2014. The 50-player single elimination tournament was won by Masataka Gōda. All of the tournament games were shown on NHK-E. The host (司会者, shikaisha) during the NHK-E broadcasts was female professional Rieko Yauchi.

Japan Shogi Association
The Japan Shogi Association (日本将棋連盟, Nihon Shōgi Renmei), or JSA, is the primary organizing body for professional shogi in Japan. The JSA sets the professional calendar, negotiates sponsorship and media promotion deals, helps organize tournaments and title matches, publishes shogi-related materials, supervises and trains apprentice professionals as well as many other activities.
Type 80 machine gun
The Type 80 (Chinese: 80式通用机枪) is a general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) manufactured by Norinco in China, based on the Soviet PKM. The machine gun was certified for design finalisation in 1980 and entered the PLA service in the mid-1980s, specifically in 1983. The Type 80 was intended as a successor to the Chinese independently developed Type 67, doing well in tests conducted in the Chengdu Military Region before it was dropped and instead, opted to keep the Type 67 GPMG in use.

Only a few Type 80s were used in the People's Liberation Army Marine Corps and airborne units, and a modified Type 80, named as Type 86, was then accepted by PLA armor units.

Norinco
China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, doing business internationally as Norinco Group (an abbreviation of "North Industries Corporation"), and known within China as China Ordnance Industries Group Corporation Limited (Chinese: 中国兵器工业集团有限公司), is a Chinese state-owned defense corporation that manufactures commercial and military products. Norinco Group is one of the world's largest defense contractors.

The company's subsidiary, China North Industries Corporation (Chinese: 中国北方工业有限公司), or simply Norinco, markets Norinco Group's products internationally, and is also involved in domestic civil construction and military defense projects.

Some of Norinco's international customers include Iran, Pakistan, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it negotiated arms-for-minerals deals, as well as Venezuela.
Workers and Peasants Party (India)
The Workers and Peasants Party (WPP) (also known as the Kirti Kisan Party) was a political party in India, which worked inside the Indian National Congress in 1925–1929. It became an important front organisation for the Communist Party of India and an influential force in the Bombay labour movement. The party was able to muster some success in making alliances with other left elements inside the Congress Party, amongst them Jawaharlal Nehru. However, as the Communist International entered its 'Third Period' phase, the communists deserted the WPP project. The WPP was wound up, as its leadership was arrested by the British authorities in March 1929 in Meerut Conspiracy Case.

Meerut Conspiracy case
The Meerut Conspiracy Case was a controversial court case that was initiated in British Raj in March 1929 and decided in 1933. Several trade unionists, including three Englishmen, were arrested for organizing an Indian railway strike. The British government prosecuted 27 leftist trade union leaders for conspiracy. The trial immediately caught attention in England, where it inspired the 1932 play Meerut by a Manchester street theatre group, the Red Megaphones, highlighting the detrimental effects of colonisation and industrialisation.
Demai (tractate)
Demai (Hebrew: דְּמַאי, is the third tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds") of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. It deals with the Jewish legal concept of demai, meaning doubtfully tithed produce, and concerns the laws related to agricultural produce about which it is suspected that certain obligatory tithes have not been separated in accordance with requirements derived from the Torah. The tithes in question are ma'aser rishon (the first tithe, for the Levite), terumath ma'aser (the Levite's tithe to the kohen), and ma'aser sheni (the second tithe, for the owner to consume in Jerusalem) or ma'aser ani (the tithe for the poor), depending on the year of the Sabbatical year cycle.

The tractate consists of seven chapters and has a Gemara only in the Jerusalem Talmud. There is a Tosefta of eight chapters for this tractate.

Tosefta
The Tosefta (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תוספתא, romanized: tosep̄tā "supplement, addition") is a compilation of Jewish Oral Law from the late second century CE, the period of the Mishnah and the Jewish sages known as the Tannaim.
Mašín
Mašín (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmaʃiːn]; feminine: Mašínová) is a Czech surname, derived from the given name Mašín, which is a pet form of Matěj, a variant of Matthew. Notable people with the surname include:

Ctirad Mašín (1930–2011), Czech resistance fighter

Jelena Mašínová (1941–2024), Czech screenwriter, editor and writer

Josef Mašín (1896–1942), Czech general

Josef Mašín (born 1932), Czech resistance fighter

Zuzana Mašínová (born 1979), Czech golfer

Josef and Ctirad Mašín
Ctirad Mašín (August 11, 1930 – August 13, 2011) and Josef Mašín (born March 8, 1932) were brothers who put up armed resistance against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia during the period 1951–1953. Their father was the late general Josef Mašín.
Lloy Ball
Lloy James Ball (born February 17, 1972) is an American former volleyball player, who was a member of American national team from 1993 to 2008. Ball is a four-time Olympian, and a gold medalist of Beijing 2008. He is also a gold medalist of the 2007 NORCECA Championship and 2008 World League, silver medalist of the 1995 Pan American Games, bronze medalist of the 1994 FIVB World Championship, and 2015 inductee to the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.

2007 Men's NORCECA Volleyball Championship
The 2007 Men's NORCECA Volleyball Championship was the 20th edition of the Men's Continental Volleyball Tournament, played by eight countries from September 16 to September 21, 2007 in the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, United States.
Minister of State for Provincial Affairs and Devolution for Mashonaland West
The Minister of State for Provincial Affairs and Devolution for Mashonaland West is the Provincial Minister of State for Mashonaland East in Zimbabwe. The minister oversees provincial affairs and sits in the Parliament of Zimbabwe. The minister is appointed by the President of Zimbabwe and is appointed for a term of five years, which can be renewed for a second or subsequent term. Historically, the minister held the title Governor of Mashonaland West, but the office has since been renamed to align with the 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe, which does not allow for Provincial Governors.

Minister of State for Provincial Affairs
The Minister of State for Provincial Affairs is a political office in Zimbabwe responsible for overseeing provincial administration and facilitating devolution of powers under the Constitution of Zimbabwe adopted in 2013. One minister is appointed for each of the country's ten provinces, serving as a link between the central government and provincial structures. The position replaced the pre-2013 Provincial Governor role, aiming to support coordinated development while aligning with constitutional principles of devolution. However, the role remains ambiguously defined in law, leading to overlaps, central control concerns, and implementation challenges.
Retropharyngeal abscess
Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is an abscess located in the tissues in the back of the throat behind the posterior pharyngeal wall (the retropharyngeal space).  Because RPAs typically occur in deep tissue, they are difficult to diagnose by physical examination alone. RPA is a relatively uncommon illness, and therefore may not receive early diagnosis in children presenting with stiff neck, malaise, difficulty swallowing, or other symptoms listed below. Early diagnosis is key, while a delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to death. Parapharyngeal space communicates with retropharyngeal space and an infection of retropharyngeal space can pass down behind the esophagus into the mediastinum. RPAs can also occur in adults of any age.

RPA can lead to airway obstruction or sepsis – both life-threatening emergencies. Fatalities normally occur from patients not receiving treatment immediately and suffocating prior to knowing that anything serious was wrong.

Neck stiffness
Neck stiffness, stiff neck and nuchal rigidity are terms often used interchangeably to describe the medical condition when one experiences discomfort or pain when trying to turn, move, or flex the neck. Possible causes include muscle strain or sprain, cervical spine disorder, meningitis, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Nuchal rigidity due to irritation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord is one of the main symptoms of meningitis.
Beth Kustan, Midyat
Beth Kustan (Arabic: باقسيان; Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܩܣܝܢܐ; Turkish: Alagöz; Bethkustan) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in Turkey. It is inhabited by Syriacs who belong to the Syriac Orthodox Church and speak their own dialect of Turoyo, a Central Neo-Aramaic language. The village had a population of 154 in 2022. It is located in the historic region of Tur Abdin.

In the village, there are churches of Mor Dimet and Mor Eliyo. There are also ruined churches of Mor Shemʿun and Mor Barsaumo. The village is known for its winemaking.

Turoyo language
Turoyo (Turoyo: ܛܘܪܝܐ), also referred to as Surayt (Turoyo: ܣܘܪܝܬ), or modern Suryoyo (Turoyo: ܣܘܪܝܝܐ), is a Central Neo-Aramaic language traditionally spoken by the Syriac Christian community in the Tur Abdin region located in southeastern Turkey and in northeastern Syria. Turoyo speakers are mostly adherents of the Syriac Orthodox Church. Originally spoken and exclusive to Tur Abdin, it is now majority spoken in the diaspora. It is classified as a vulnerable language. Most speakers use the Classical Syriac language for literature and worship.  Its closest relatives are Mlaḥsô and western varieties of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic like Suret. Turoyo is not mutually intelligible with Western Neo-Aramaic, having been separated for over a thousand years.
Catherine Called Birdy (film)
Catherine Called Birdy is a 2022 medieval comedy film written for the screen, co-produced, and directed by Lena Dunham. It is based on the 1994 novel of the same name by Karen Cushman. It stars Bella Ramsey as the title character, alongside Billie Piper and Andrew Scott.

Catherine Called Birdy had its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2022. It received a limited release on September 23 by Amazon Studios, prior to streaming on Prime Video on October 7, 2022.

Catherine, Called Birdy
Catherine, Called Birdy is the first children's novel written by Karen Cushman. It is a historical novel in diary format, set in 13th-century England. It was published in 1994, and won a Newbery Honor and Golden Kite Award in 1995.
Aanandi Joshi
Aanandi Joshi is an Indian playback singer who predominantly sings for Marathi films. She has received several awards, including a Filmfare Award Marathi, two Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar and a Maharashtra State Film Award for the best female playback singer.

Zee Marathi
Zee Marathi is an Indian  Marathi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. The channel was launched on 15 August 1999 and was known as Alpha TV Marathi until 28 March 2005, when it was renamed as Zee Marathi. It is the first Marathi GEC channel. A HD version of this channel, Zee Marathi HD, was launched on 20 November 2016.
Battle of Talavera order of battle
The Battle of Talavera (27–28 July 1809) saw an Imperial French army under King Joseph Bonaparte and Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan attack a combined British and Spanish army led by Sir Arthur Wellesley. After several of their assaults were bloodily repulsed on the second day, the French retreated toward Madrid leaving the battlefield to the Anglo-Spanish army. Events soon compelled Wellesley, who was soon appointed Viscount Wellington, to fall back toward his base in Portugal. The following units and commanders fought at the battle, which occurred during the Peninsular War.

Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte (born Giuseppe di Buonaparte, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe di ˌbwɔnaˈparte]; Corsican: Ghjuseppe Bonaparte; Spanish: José Bonaparte; 7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844), regnal name Joseph I, was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1806, Napoleon made him King of Naples, and then King of Spain and the Indies in 1808. After the fall of Napoleon, Joseph styled himself Comte de Survilliers and emigrated to the United States, where he lived in the Point Breeze estate at Bordentown, New Jersey.
Bruce Hubbard
Bruce Hubbard (1952 − 12 November 1991) was an American operatic baritone. A Drama Desk and Laurence Olivier Award nominee for Best Actor, he performed on Broadway, the Metropolitan Opera, BBC television, in concert and made several recordings. He is most famous for appearing as Joe in Show Boat, and as Jake, as well as Porgy, in Porgy and Bess on Broadway, the West End, and in several major opera houses and regional theatres. He graduated from the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music.

Jacobs School of Music
The Jacobs School of Music is the music school of Indiana University Bloomington in Bloomington, Indiana.

Established in 1921, the school was known as the Indiana University School of Music until 2005, when it became the Jacobs School. The school offers graduate and undergraduate degrees in performance (classical, jazz, voice, ballet), music business, music education, theory, composition, and technology (audio engineering, music production, scoring).

Approximately 1,600 students from all 50 U.S. states and more than 55 countries study in a conservatory atmosphere amidst the academic resources of a major research university.

Approximately half of the school's students are undergraduates, with the second largest enrollment of all music schools accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music.