hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chuni Lal
Naib Subedar Chuni Lal was an Indian Army soldier of the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry (8 JAK LI). Decorated with Ashoka Chakra, Vir Chakra and Sena Medals, he is the most highly decorated Indian army soldier of all time.

Lal was born in Bhaderwah, and lived in Bhara village with his parents, Shanker Dass and Shakuntala Devi, in Doda district in Jammu.

He was killed in action on 24 June 2007 in an operation in Kashmir's Kupwara sector. The success of this militant flush-out operation earned him the highest peacetime military decoration awarded for valor, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield, the Ashok Chakra.

Sena Medal
The Sena Medal (lit. 'Army Medal') is awarded to members of the Indian army, of all ranks, "for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as have special significance for the Army." Awards may be made posthumously and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Sena Medal.

It can be awarded for gallantry or it can also be for distinguished service carried out by any soldier, not in the face of the enemy. Therefore, the Sena Medal also serves as a sort of general commendation medal for the Indian Army. From 1 February 1999, the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs. 250 for recipients of the award when it is awarded for bravery. It has since been revised to Rs. 2000. It is preceded by the Vir Chakra, Shaurya Chakra & Yudh Seva Medal.
Quantum-cascade laser
Quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid- to far-infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and were first demonstrated by Jérôme Faist, Federico Capasso, Deborah Sivco, Carlo Sirtori, Albert Hutchinson, and Alfred Cho at Bell Laboratories in 1994.

Unlike typical interband semiconductor lasers that emit electromagnetic radiation through the recombination of electron–hole pairs across the material band gap, QCLs are unipolar, and laser emission is achieved through the use of intersubband transitions in a repeated stack of semiconductor multiple quantum well heterostructures, an idea first proposed in the article "Possibility of amplification of electromagnetic waves in a semiconductor with a superlattice" by R. F. Kazarinov and R. A. Suris in 1971.

Quantum well
A quantum well is a potential well wherein the energy spectrum of charge carriers is discrete.

As opposed to a bulk region, wherein the carriers are free to move in three spatial directions, their motion is free only in two (planar) directions in a quantum well. The quantum size effects take place when the size of a region in at least one of the directions (the direction of growth in the case of semiconductor heterostructure quantum wells - the transverse direction) becomes comparable to the de Broglie wavelength of the carriers (electrons and holes in a semiconductor), resulting in a discrete energy spectrum for them.

Semiconductor quantum wells can be realized in double heterostructures. The double heterostructure concept was proposed in 1963 independently by Herbert Kroemer and by Zhores Alferov and Rudolf Kazarinov.
Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister (Malta)
The Chief of Staff of the Prime Minister of Malta, officially called Head of Secretariat of the Office of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Malta, is the most senior political appointee in the Office of the Prime Minister of Malta. The chief of staff is appointed by the prime minister as its senior aid. This position acts as the principal advisor to the prime minister and it coordinates the work action of the different departments of the government.

Prime Minister of Malta
The prime minister of Malta (Maltese: Prim Ministru ta' Malta) is the head of government, which is the highest official of Malta. The prime minister chairs Cabinet meetings, and selects its ministers to serve in their respective portfolios. The prime minister holds office by their ability to command the confidence of the Parliament, as such they sit as members of Parliament.

The prime minister is appointed by the president, in doing so, the president believes that the appointed individual is the most able to command the majority of the House of Representatives; typically, this individual is the leader of a political party or coalition of parties that hold the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives.

The prime minister is ex officio an appointee to the grade of Companion of Honour - K.U.O.M. (Kumpanju tal-Unur) of the National Order of Merit.
Seattle Mist
The Seattle Mist were a team in the Legends Football League that were founded as part of the Lingerie Bowl's expansion into a full-fledged league in 2009. They played their home games at the ShoWare Center in Kent, Washington. The league, originally named the Lingerie Football League, rebranded in 2013 and shifted away from Super Bowl halftime shows. The Mist won three championships, known as the Legends Cup.

Following the 2019 season, the LFL ceased operations and relaunched as the Extreme Football League (X League), which first played in 2022. All former LFL teams received new brands and the Mist were replaced by the Seattle Thunder.

Legends Cup (LFL)
The Legends Cup, originally known as the Lingerie Bowl, was the championship game of the LFL—originally the Lingerie Football League and later the Legends Football League—which operated from 2009 to 2019. It was a game of full-contact American football with female athletes playing seven-on-seven tackle football. The players in the game wore helmets, shoulder pads, elbow pads, knee pads, bras and underwear. The LFL ceased operation following its 2019 season, with its assets sold to Mike Ditka and used as the basis for his X League, which to date has played one season, in 2022, and has repeatedly postponed subsequent seasons. The X League's championship game is branded as the "X Cup".
Pierpaolo Battigalli
Pierpaolo Battigalli (born June 18, 1961) is an Italian economist. He is a professor at Bocconi University, in Milan, and is associated with the IGIER. He does research in microeconomic theory, in particular the epistemic foundations of game theory and psychological games.

Battigalli is a fellow of the Econometric Society and the Game Theory Society. Since 2021 he is one of the editors of the Journal of Economic Theory.

Bocconi University
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Bocconi University or Università Bocconi (formally known in Italian as Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi [universiˈta kommerˈtʃaːle luˈiːdʒi bokˈkoːni] – or simply Bocconi) is a non-profit private university located in Milan, Italy.

The university offers courses in social sciences, with programs in economics, management, finance, law, political science, data and computer science, and an increasing focus on artificial intelligence.

Bocconi is a founding member of CEMS – The Global Alliance in Management Education. Through its graduate business school, the SDA Bocconi School of Management, the university holds triple accreditation from AACSB, EQUIS, and AMBA. SDA Bocconi offers MBA, Executive MBA, DBA, executive education, professional development, and certification programs.
Stevan Karamata
Stevan Karamata (26 September 1926 – 25 July 2015) was a Serbian geologist, a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and a professor at the Faculty of Mining and Geology at the University of Belgrade.

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Latin: Academia Scientiarum et Artium Serbica; Serbian: Српска академија наука и уметности, САНУ, romanized: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (Serbian: Друштво србске словесности, ДСС, romanized: Društvo srbske slovesnosti, DSS).

The Academy's membership has included Nobel laureates Ivo Andrić, Leopold Ružička, Vladimir Prelog, Glenn T. Seaborg, Mikhail Sholokhov, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Peter Handke as well as, Josif Pančić, Jovan Cvijić, Branislav Petronijević, Vlaho Bukovac, Mihajlo Pupin, Nikola Tesla, Milutin Milanković, Mihailo Petrović-Alas, Mehmed Meša Selimović, Danilo Kiš, Paja Jovanović, Dmitri Mendeleev, Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Jacob Grimm, Antonín Dvořák, Henry Moore and many other scientists, scholars and artists of Serbian and foreign origin.
Portugal women's national rugby sevens team
The Portugal women's national rugby sevens team finished at 10th place at the IRB Women's Sevens Challenge Cup held in London, losing to China in the Bowl final.

The team qualified to the 2016 Final Olympic Qualification Tournament.

2012 London Sevens
The 2012 London Sevens was the sixth edition of the tournament and the ninth tournament of the 2011–12 IRB Sevens World Series. The host stadium was the Twickenham Stadium.

Fiji won the title by defeating Samoa 38–15 in the final.
Aadi (month)
Aadi is the fourth month of the Tamil calendar. The name of the month is derived from the position of the Moon near the Pooradam or Uthiradam nakshatra (star) on the pournami (full moon) day. The month corresponds to the end of the muthu-venil (summer) season and falls in July–August in the Gregorian calendar.

In the Hindu lunar calendar, it corresponds to the fourth month of Ashadha, falling in the Gregorian months of June–July.

In the Hindu solar calendar, it corresponds to the fourth month of Karkata and begins with the Sun's entry into Cancer.

In the Vaishnav calendar, it corresponds to the fourth month of Vamana.

Purnima
Purnima (Sanskrit: Pūrṇimā) represents the lunar phase of full moon in the Hindu calendar. A calendar month ends on purnima as per the purnimanta tradition of the Hindu lunar calendar. Various Hindu beliefs and festivals are associated with the purnima day of various months.
Gopal Kundu
Gopal Chandra Kundu (born 2 November 1959) is an Indian cell and cancer biologist who worked as a scientist at the Indian National Centre for Cell Science. He is known for his contributions towards the understanding the mechanism of cancer progression in breast, melanoma and other cancers and development of novel therapeutic targets and target-based therapy in cancers.

An elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, India, he received the National Bioscience Award for Career Development of the Department of Biotechnology in 2003. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, the highest Indian science awards, in 2004.

National Academy of Sciences, India
The National Academy of Sciences, India, also known as NASI, was established in 1930 and is the oldest science academy of India. It is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Prof. Meghnad Saha was the founder president.
Austroalpine nappes
The Austroalpine nappes are a geological nappe stack system in the European Alps. They are structurally on top of the Penninic (meaning they were thrust over them).  The prefix Austro in this term refers to Austria, rather than south/southern. This is because the bulk of the Austroalpine nappes (which constitute the Eastern Alps except for some tectonic windows) is in Austria, although they also reach into Eastern Switzerland. The western boundary of the Eastern Alps is the Lake Constance - Chur – Lake Como line.

Window (geology)
A tectonic window, or fenster (lit. "window" in German), is a geologic structure formed by erosion or normal faulting on a thrust system. In such a system the rock mass (hanging wall block) that has been transported by movement along the thrust is called a nappe. When erosion or normal faulting produces a hole in the nappe where the underlying autochthonous (i.e. un-transported) rocks crop out this is called a window.
Klippen are also a feature near windows.

The klippe is the remnant portion of a nappe after erosion has removed connecting portions of the nappe. This process results in an outlier of exotic, often nearly horizontally translated strata overlying autochthonous strata.

Windows can be almost any size, from a couple of metres to hundreds of kilometres. Well known examples of tectonic windows are Hohe Tauern window in Eastern Alps or Hrzdavá dolina tectonic window in Western Carpathians.
Tomokaze Sōdai
Tomokaze Sōdai (Japanese: 友風 想大; born December 2, 1994, as Yūta Minami (南 友太, Minami Yuta)) is a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Kawasaki, Kanagawa. He debuted in sumo wrestling in May 2017 and made his makuuchi debut in March 2019. His highest rank has been maegashira 3. Originally a member of Oguruma stable, he moved to Nishonoseki stable in 2022. In June 2024, he moved to the newly-established Nakamura stable. He has one special prize and two kinboshi for defeating a yokozuna.

After suffering a joint dislocation in his right knee in 2019, he was forced to withdraw from all competitions and did not return until March 2021. Following his injury, Tomokaze admitted in an interview given to the Tokyo Shimbun that he was certified as Level 5 disabled and issued a disability certificate in February 2021.

Sanshō (sumo)
Sanshō (三賞; lit: three prizes) are the three special prizes awarded to top (Makuuchi) division sumo wrestlers for exceptional performance during a sumo honbasho or tournament. The prizes were first awarded in November 1947.
Australian rugby league wooden spooners
The Australian rugby league wooden spooners are the team that finished last in the premier top-grade rugby league competition in Australia, which is currently the National Rugby League, and was previously the New South Wales Rugby Football League (1908-1994), the Australian Rugby League (1995-1997), and Super League (1997). Each of these seasons is considered to represent one continuous line of competition dating back from the first season in 1908. The wooden spoon is an unofficial award, however, fans often bring "real" wooden spoons to taunt opposition sides who are struggling on the bottom of the ladder.

Since the Melbourne Storm's salary cap breach which saw them win the wooden spoon in the 2010 NRL season (more below), betting agencies have instead placed wagers on who would suffer the most losses in a single season, rather than win the wooden spoon itself.

Wooden spoon (award)
A wooden spoon is an award that is given to an individual or team that has come last in a competition. Examples range from the academic to sporting and more frivolous events. The term is of British origin and has spread to other English-speaking countries. In most cases it is simply a colloquial term for coming last – there is no actual award given.
Khamenlok clash
The Khamenlok clash occurred during 12–14 June 2023, in the course of 2023–2025 Manipur violence between the Meitei and Kuki people, in the Khamenlok river valley, a branch valley of the Iril River valley, in the Saikul subdivision of Kangpokpi district. An estimated mob of 3,000 Meitei assailants, some with sophisticated weapons, launched an attack on the Kuki villages in the Khamenlok valley, over a period of three days, burning houses and rampaging the area. While the Kuki villagers escaped to the hills on arrival of the assailants, security forces were blocked from reaching the area by women activist groups. Finally, on the night of 13–14 June, while the assailants were celebrating in a church building, the Kuki terrorists descended from the hills and carried out a wholesale massacre of the Meitei mobs.

Kangpokpi district
Kangpokpi district (Meitei pronunciation: /kāng-pōk-pī/) is one of the 16 districts in the Indian state of Manipur. It was created in December 2016 from areas in the Sadar Hills region which were previously part of Senapati District.

The district headquarters is located in Kangpokpi. The district was formed from three sub-divisions of Senapati District: Sadar Hills West, Sadar Hills East and Saitu–Gamphazol.
Bruneau Range
The Bruneau Range is a mountain range in Elko County, Nevada, United States. It is contained within the Mountain City Ranger District of the Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest.  The range is considered to be a sub-range of the Jarbidge Mountains.

Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest
The Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest (HTNF) is the principal U.S. National Forest in the U.S. state of Nevada, and has a smaller portion further west in Eastern California in the state of California. With an area of 6,289,821 acres (25,454.00 km2), it is the largest U.S. National Forest reservation outside of Alaska, further northwest on the North American continent.
Alex Coughlin
Alex Coughlin (born December 3, 1993) is an American former professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he was a member of Bullet Club and a former Strong Openweight Tag Team Champion, alongside Bullet Club stablemate Gabe Kidd. He has also made Appearances for Ring Of Honor (ROH), Game Changer Wrestling (GCW), Revolution Pro Wrestling (RPW), DEFY Wrestling, Warrior Wrestling, Impact Wrestling and Beyond Wrestling.

Game Changer Wrestling
Game Changer Wrestling (GCW), formerly known as Jersey Championship Wrestling (JCW), is an American independent professional wrestling promotion based in New Jersey. The promotion was originally founded by Ricky Otazu in 1999; it was rebranded under its current name in 2015, after a sale to Danny Demanto and current owner Brett Lauderdale. The promotion specializes in hardcore wrestling, as well as mixed martial arts–inspired shoot style matches.

GCW has grown from running shows based in New Jersey, to holding events across the United States, as well as internationally in Canada, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Germany, France, and Mexico. Annual GCW events include Backyard Wrestling, Bloodsport, Joey Janela's Spring Break, the NGI, and the Tournament of Survival.
Police Squad!
Police Squad! is an American television series created by David Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and Jerry Zucker for the American Broadcasting Company. It stars Leslie Nielsen as Frank Drebin and Alan North as Captain Ed Hocken. A spoof of police procedurals and many other television shows and movies, the series features Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker's usual sight gags, wordplay, and non sequiturs. It resembles the Lee Marvin police show M Squad (in particular the opening credits) and the late 1960s series Felony Squad. Airing from March 4 to July 8, 1982, it was canceled after six episodes, though it was followed by the critically successful The Naked Gun film series from 1988 to 1994, along with the 2025 legacy sequel The Naked Gun.

Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker
Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker (abbreviated to ZAZ) was an American comedy filmmaking trio consisting of Jim Abrahams and brothers David and Jerry Zucker who specialised in writing slapstick comedy films during the 1980s. Members of the team have often collaborated with writer Pat Proft.
United Officers' Group
The United Officers' Group (Spanish: Grupo de Oficiales Unidos) or GOU was a nationalist secret society within the Argentine Army which staged a coup d'état in 1943 to overthrow President Ramón Castillo, thus ending the Infamous Decade and forming a military junta which lasted until 1945. Arturo Rawson was made President, but was only in office for a few days before the GOU replaced him with Pedro Pablo Ramírez.

President of Argentina
The president of Argentina, officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation, is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under the national constitution, the president is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

Throughout Argentine history, the office of head of state has undergone many changes, both in its title as in its features and powers. The current president Javier Milei was sworn into office on 10 December 2023. He succeeded Alberto Fernández.

The constitution of Argentina, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, the term of office and the method of election.
Peter González (footballer)
Peter Federico González Carmona (born 25 July 2002), commonly known as Peter, is a footballer who plays as a winger for Segunda División club Real Valladolid, on loan from Getafe CF. Born in Spain, he plays for the Dominican Republic national team.

Getafe CF
Getafe Club de Fútbol S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [xeˈtafe ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Getafe, a city in the Community of Madrid. They compete in La Liga, the top tier of the Spanish football. The team has played its home matches in the 16,500-capacity Estadio Coliseum since 1998.

Founded in 1983, the club was promoted to La Liga for the first time in 2004, and participated in the top level of Spanish football for twelve years between 2004 and 2016, and again since 2017. The club maintain rivalries with neighbours Leganés, who are based near the town of Getafe, Atlético Madrid and Real Madrid.
Commissioned (gospel group)
Commissioned is an American urban contemporary gospel group from Detroit, Michigan. Members included Fred Hammond, Keith Staten, Karl Reid, Mitchell Jones, Marvin Sapp, Marcus Cole and Montrell Darrett.

The group recorded twelve albums over a period of 17 years, and were nominated for Grammy and Stellar awards.

Stellar Awards
A Stellar Award is an award presented by the Stellar Awards Gospel Music Academy (SAGMA) to recognize achievements in the gospel music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent gospel artists, and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest. The Stellars were the first major gospel music awards held annually.

The first Stellar Awards ceremony was held on 1984, to honor and respect the musical accomplishments by gospel performers for the year 1983. Following the 2018 ceremony, SAGMA overhauled a few Stellar Award categories for 2019.

In 2020, the awards show was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The ceremony was aired virtually on August 23, 2020.
Xochimilco Light Rail
The Xochimilco Light Rail (locally known as the Tren Ligero and known by the government as Tren ligero de la Ciudad de México) is a light rail line that serves the southern part of Mexico City. It connects to, but is not considered a part of the Mexico City Metro. Rather, it is operated by the Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos (STE), the authority that operates Mexico City's electric trolleybus system and formerly operated the municipal electric tram system.

Sistema de Tren Eléctrico Urbano
The Sistema de Tren Eléctrico Urbano or SITEUR (lit. 'Urban Electric Train System') is an urban rail transit system serving the Guadalajara metropolitan area, in the municipalities of Guadalajara, Zapopan and Tlaquepaque, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. It is owned and operated by the state of Jalisco.

Opened in 1989, the system consists of three lines: Line 1, running from north to south with 20 stations; Line 2, running from the city center to the east with 10 stations; and Line 3, running from the north-west to south-east with 18 stations. A fourth line is under construction, which will run from the city center to the south of the metropolitan area.  It is, by far, the most widely used light rail system in North America, with an annual ridership of 168,605,000 passengers in 2024.
Ho Chi Minh City Youth FC
Ho Chi Minh City Youth FC (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ bóng đá Thanh Niên Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh) is a Vietnamese football club based in Ho Chi Minh City. The club is playing its home matches at the 15,000-capacity Thống Nhất Stadium. They currently play in the V.League 2, after winning the promotion play-off game in the 2024 Vietnamese Second Division.

Vietnamese Football League Second Division
The Vietnamese Football League Second Division (Vietnamese: Giải bóng đá hạng Nhì quốc gia, lit. 'National Second Division Football League'), also known as Vietnamese Second Divistion (Vietnamese: Giải hạng Nhì quốc gia, lit. 'National Second Division') is the third tier professional association football league in Vietnam, controlled by the Vietnam Football Federation.