hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British NVC community MG10
British NVC community MG10 (Holcus lanatus – Juncus effusus rush-pasture) is one of the mesotrophic grassland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system.  It is one of three communities associated with poorly drained permanent pastures.

It is a widespread community throughout the British lowlands. There are three subcommunities.

British National Vegetation Classification
The British National Vegetation Classification or NVC is a system of classifying natural habitat types in Great Britain according to the vegetation they contain.

A large scientific meeting of ecologists, botanists, and other related professionals in the United Kingdom resulted in the publication of a compendium of five books: British Plant Communities, edited by John S. Rodwell, which detail the incidence of plant species in twelve major habitat types in the British natural environment. They are the first systematic and comprehensive account of the vegetation types of the country. They cover all natural, semi-natural and major artificial habitats in Great Britain (not Northern Ireland) and represent fifteen years of research by leading plant ecologists.

From the data collated from the books, commercial software products have been developed to help to classify vegetation identified into one of the many habitat types found in Great Britain – these include MATCH, TABLEFIT and MAVIS.
Godda railway station
Godda railway station (station code: GODA) is a railway station located in Godda in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It serves under Dumka-Bhagalpur line of Eastern Railway (ER) under Malda Railway Division.

Malda railway division
Malda railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed in 1975 and its headquarters is located at Malda in West Bengal, India.

Asansol railway division, Sealdah railway division and Howrah railway division are the other railway divisions under the ER Zone headquartered at Kolkata.
KFXR (AM)
KFXR (1190 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Dallas, Texas, and serving the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. It is owned by iHeartMedia and airs a Conservative talk radio format.  Its studios and offices are located along Dallas Parkway in Farmers Branch (with a Dallas address).

KFXR is a Class B station.  By day, it is powered at 50,000 watts, the maximum for commercial AM stations. Its daytime transmitter is in Irving, using a directional antenna with a four-tower array. At night, to avoid interfering with other stations on 1190 AM, it reduces power to 5,000 watts. Its nighttime transmitter is in Rockwall, using a twelve-tower array directional antenna.

Conservative talk radio
Conservative talk radio is a talk radio format in the United States and other countries devoted to expressing conservative viewpoints of issues, as opposed to progressive talk radio. The definition of conservative talk is generally broad enough that libertarian talk show hosts are also included. The format has become the dominant form of talk radio in the United States since the 1987 abolition of the fairness doctrine.

In the United States, the format has included personalities such as Rush Limbaugh, Mark Levin, Glenn Beck, Ben Shapiro, Sean Hannity, Charlie Kirk, Michael Savage, Larry Elder, Dennis Prager, Jim Quinn, Lars Larson, Joe Pags, Bill O'Reilly, Laura Ingraham, Michael Medved, Oliver North, Dan Bongino, Ken Matthews, and Jerry Doyle.
Panchavarnathatha
Panchavarnathatha (transl. Five-coloured Parrot) is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film directed by Ramesh Pisharody in his directorial debut and co-written with Hari P. Nair. It was produced by Maniyanpilla Raju through Maniyanpilla Raju Productions, and stars Jayaram and Kunchacko Boban.

Principal photography began in Velloor on 10 January 2018. The film was released on 14 April 2018 during the Vishu holiday.

Macaw
Macaws are a group of large New World parrots that are long-tailed and often colorful, in the tribe Arini. They are popular in aviculture or as companion parrots, although there are conservation concerns about several species in the wild.
Oshikhandass
Oshikhandass is a village in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of northern Pakistan. It lies east of the city of Gilgit. Oshikhandass is part of the Bagrot Valley and had approximately 7,200 inhabitants in 2011. 
The local economy is primarily agriculture based. There are three government schools, two of which are for girls and one for boys. The village also has five private schools. Oshikhandass lies at an altitude of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).

This village links Bagrot Valley and Jalalabad to Danyor, a city in Gilgit. The Karakorum Highway runs through the town. Shina and Burushaski are the main languages. Nanga Parbat, the world's 9th highest mountain, lies to the east of the village, and can be seen from Oshikhandass.

Gilgit
Gilgit (/ˈɡɪlɡɪt/; Shina: گِلیٗت IPA: [ɡi˧.leː˨˦t̪]; Urdu: گِلْگِت IPA: [ˈɡɪlɡɪt̪]) is the capital and most-populous city in Pakistani-administered territory of Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. It is located in a broad valley near the confluence of the Gilgit and the Hunza rivers. Gilgit is a major tourist destination in Pakistan, serving as a hub for trekking and mountaineering expeditions in the Karakoram mountain range of northern Pakistan.

Gilgit was once a major centre for Buddhism; it was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road, and today serves as a major junction along the Karakoram Highway with road connections to China as well as the Pakistani cities of Skardu, Chitral, Peshawar, and Islamabad. The economic activity is mainly focused on agriculture, with wheat, maize, and barley as the main crops.
Vjesnik
Vjesnik (lit. 'courier') was a Croatian state-owned daily newspaper published in Zagreb. Originally established in 1940 as a wartime illegal publication of the Communist Party of Croatia, it later built and maintained a reputation as Croatia's newspaper of record during most of its post-war history. It ceased publication in April 2012.

After the war, the Vjesnik building was used by other media companies and newspapers as well as the Croatian Ministry of Construction. On 17 November 2025, a fire broke out on the 15th floor and spread across the whole building, destroying most of its interior and heavily damaging the exterior.

Ministry of Construction, Spatial Planning and State Property
The Ministry of Construction, Spatial Planning and State Property of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Ministarstvo graditeljstva, prostornog uređenja i državne imovine) is the ministry in the Government of Croatia which is in charge of construction.

The total amount of budget funds allocated to the combined Ministry Construction and the Ministry of the Environment was 699 million HRK as of 2014 (ca. 90 million EUR).

The government agencies in the jurisdiction of the Ministry have included:

Environmental Protection Agency (Croatian: Agencija za zaštitu okoliša)

Agency for Real Estate Brokerage (Agencija za pravni promet i posredovanje nekretninama)

State Geodetic Administration (Državna geodetska uprava)

Croatian Geodetic Institute (Hrvatski geodetski institut)
Nikola Sekulov
Nikola Sekulov (Macedonian: Никола Секулов; born 18 February 2002) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie B club Carrarese on loan from Sampdoria. Born in Italy to Macedonian parents, Sekulov represented Macedonia internationally at youth level, before switching to Italy in 2018.

North Macedonia national under-17 football team
North Macedonia's national under-17 football team is the national under-17 football team of the Republic of North Macedonia and is controlled by the Football Federation of North Macedonia. The current manager is Dragi Kanatlarovski. For only players born 1 January 2004 or later are permitted to partake.
Siege of Algeciras (1309–1310)
The siege of Algeciras was a Spanish Reconquista battle between July 1309 and January 1310. The battle was fought between the forces of the Kingdom of Castile, commanded by King Ferdinand IV of Castile and his vassals, and the Emirate of Granada, commanded by Sultan Abu'l-Juyush Nasr. The battle resulted in a humiliating defeat for the Kingdom of Castile, whose army was obliged to lift the siege due to the atrocious conditions of life in the Castilian camp and the desertion of Infante John of Castile. The battle marked one of the many battles fought at Algeciras, where the Christian forces would try to take the city unsuccessfully from the Muslims.

John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos
John of Castile, called the "el de Tarifa" (Spanish: Juan de Castilla "el de Tarifa"; 1262–25 June 1319) was an infante of Castile and León. He was engaged in a decades-long fight for control over the Lordship of Biscay with Diego López V de Haro, the uncle of his wife.
Gueïda Fofana
Gueïda Fofana (French pronunciation: [ɡejda fɔfana]; born 16 May 1991) is a former French footballer. He was a French youth international and has captained at all levels of youth. In 2010, he captained the France team that won the 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship on home soil. He operated as a defensive midfielder, but could also play as a defender and was known for his physical style of play. Fofana had been compared to Arsenal legend Patrick Vieira, however he was forced to retire on 18 January 2017 due to ongoing injury problems.

2010 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Championship was the ninth edition of UEFA's European Under-19 Championship since it was renamed from the original under-18 event, in 2001. France hosted the championship during July. Ukraine were the title holders, but failed to qualify for the finals. The host country won the tournament. The top six teams qualified for the 2011 Under-20 World Cup.
Thomas Håkansson
Per Thomas Håkansson (born 19 October 1957) is a Swedish and Canadian curler, a 1976 European bronze medallist and two-time Swedish men's champion (1976, 1980).

His team won the 1976 Sweden men's championship, but it was decided that the team members were too young for the World Championship, so team Bengt Cederwall (skip) went to the 1976 Worlds instead.

He would later move to Canada, and played in the 1985 and 1988 Labatt Brier for Nova Scotia.

1988 Labatt Brier
The 1988 Labatt Brier was held from March 6 to 13 at the Centre Georges-Vézina in Chicoutimi, Quebec.

Pat Ryan of Alberta finished the round robin with an undefeated record and went on to defeat Eugene Hritzuk of Saskatchewan in the final to clinch his first Brier title.
Donation of Constantine
The Donation of Constantine (Latin: Donatio Constantini) is a forged Roman imperial decree by which the 4th-century emperor Constantine the Great supposedly transferred authority over Rome and the western part of the Roman Empire to the Pope. Composed probably in the 8th century, it was used, especially in the 13th century, in support of claims of political authority by the papacy.

In many of the existing manuscripts, including the oldest, the document bears the title Constitutum domini Constantini imperatoris. The Donation of Constantine was included in the 9th-century Pseudo-Isidorean decretals. Lorenzo Valla, an Italian Catholic priest and Renaissance humanist, is credited with first exposing the forgery with solid philological arguments in 1439–1440, although the document's authenticity had been repeatedly contested since 1001.

Temporal power of the Holy See
The Holy See exercised temporal power, as distinguished from its spiritual and pastoral activity, while the pope ruled the Papal States in central Italy. 
The Papal States ceased to exist following the capture of Rome in 1870 by the Royal Italian Army, after which its remaining territories were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. The Lateran Treaty of 1929 later established the Vatican City, a small city-state where the Holy See currently exercises temporal powers.
Maguey worm
Maguey worms (Spanish: gusanos de maguey, [ɡuˈsanos ðe maˈɣej] ⓘ; chinicuiles [tʃiniˈkwiles] ⓘ) are either of two species of edible caterpillars that infest maguey plants (Agave americana and Agave tequilana).

Insects as food
Insects as food or edible insects are insect species used for human consumption. Over 2 billion people are estimated to eat insects on a daily basis. Globally, more than 2,000 insect species are considered edible, though far fewer are discussed for industrialized mass production and regionally authorized for use in food. Many insects are highly nutritious, though nutritional content depends on species and other factors such as diet and age. Insects  offer a wide variety of flavors and are commonly consumed whole or pulverized for use in dishes and processed food products such as burger patties, pasta, or snacks. Like other foods, there can be risks associated with consuming insects, such as allergic reactions. As commercial interest in insects as food grows, countries are introducing new regulatory frameworks to oversee their production, processing, marketing, and consumption.
Braccagni
Braccagni (Italian: [brakˈkaɲɲi]) is a village in Tuscany, administratively a frazione of the comune of Grosseto.

It is positioned in the northern part of the municipal territory, at the bottom of the hill of Montepescali.

Montepescali
Montepescali (Italian: [ˌmontepeˈskaːli]) is a small town in southern Tuscany, Italy, a frazione of the comune of Grosseto.
The site, from which the scenic panorama of the coastal strip and the Tuscan Archipelago up to Corsica can be seen, is also known as "Terrace or balcony of the Maremma".
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay (3 April 1903 – 29 October 1988) was an Indian social reformer. She worked for the promotion of Indian handicrafts, handlooms, and theatre in independent India to uplift the socio-economic standard of Indian women. She was the first woman in India to contest in elections from Madras Constituency, but lost.

She headed the National School of Drama and Sangeet Natak Akademi. In 1974, she was awarded the Sangeet Natak Academy Fellowship, the highest honour conferred by the Sangeet Natak Academy, India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama. She was conferred with Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan by Government of India in 1955 and 1987 respectively. She is known as Hatkargha Maa for her works in handloom sector.

Sangeet Natak Akademi
Sangeet Natak Akademi (The National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama in English), in New Delhi, is the national academy for performing arts set up by the Government of India. It is an autonomous body of the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
Olivera Katarina
Olivera Katarina (née Petrović; Serbian Cyrillic: Оливера Катарина, née Петровић; born 5 March 1940), also previously known as Olivera Vučo (Serbian Cyrillic: Оливера Вучо) and Olivera Šakić (Serbian Cyrillic: Оливера Шакић), is a Serbian actress, singer and writer. She was one of the leading stars of Yugoslav cinema in the 1960s and the 1970s, and is probably the best known for her performance in Aleksandar Petrović's film I Even Met Happy Gypsies (1967), which won the Grand Prix at the 1967 Cannes Film Festival.

As a singer, Olivera Katarina has performed music of various genres, varying from Serbian traditional to pop music, and in numerous languages.

Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)
The Grand Prix is an award of the Cannes Film Festival bestowed by the jury of the festival on one of the competing feature films. It is the second-most prestigious prize of the festival after the Palme d'Or.
Justin Ena
Justin Peato Ena (born November 20, 1977) is an American football coach and former linebacker who is currently the special teams coordinator at Brigham Young University football. He played college football at BYU and in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles and Tennessee Titans.

BYU Cougars football
The BYU Cougars football team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922, and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984.

The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history, from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022, they competed as an FBS Independent.  On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application to the conference. BYU officially joined the Big 12 on July 1, 2023.

The team plays home games at the 62,073 seat LaVell Edwards Stadium, named after head coach LaVell Edwards who won 19 conference championships, seven bowl games, and one national championship (1984) while coaching at BYU.
2nd Army Group Royal Artillery
2nd Army Group Royal Artillery was a brigade-sized formation organised by Britain's Royal Artillery (RA) during World War II to command medium and heavy guns. It served in the final stages of the Tunisian Campaign and throughout the Italian Campaign. It reformed in the Territorial Army in the 1950s to command air defence units.

Tunisian campaign
The Tunisian campaign (also known as the Battle of Tunisia) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African campaign of the Second World War, between Axis and Allied forces from 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943. The Allies consisted of British Imperial Forces, including a Greek contingent, with American and French corps. Despite initial successes by the German and Italian forces brought from the mainland and which had withdrawn into and occupied Tunisia after their defeat in the Western Desert and the success of Operation Torch, massive supply interdiction efforts and Allied assaults from east and west led to the decisive defeat of the Axis. Over 260,000 German and Italian troops were taken as prisoners of war, including most of the Afrika Korps.
Ulnar claw
An ulnar claw, also known as claw hand or Spinster’s Claw, is a deformity or an abnormal attitude of the hand that develops due to ulnar nerve damage, causing paralysis of the lumbricals.  A claw hand presents with a hyperextension at the metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion at the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th fingers.  The patients with this condition can make a full fist, but when they extend their fingers, the hand posture is referred to as claw hand. The ring and little finger can usually not fully extend at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP).

This can be commonly confused with the hand of benediction or pope's blessing, which is caused by proximal (at elbow level) median nerve damage.

Lumbricals of the hand
The lumbricals are intrinsic muscles of the hand that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints, and extend the interphalangeal joints.

The lumbrical muscles of the foot also have a similar action, though they are of less clinical concern.
Carathéodory's theorem (convex hull)
Carathéodory's theorem is a theorem in convex geometry. It states that if a point  lies in the convex hull  of a set , then  lies in some -dimensional simplex with vertices in . Equivalently,  can be written as the convex combination of  or fewer points in . Additionally,  can be written as the convex combination of at most  extremal points in , as non-extremal points can be removed from  without changing the membership of  in the convex hull.

An equivalent theorem for conical combinations states that if a point  lies in the conical hull  of a set , then  can be written as the conical combination of at most  points in .: 257

Two other theorems of Helly and Radon are closely related to Carathéodory's theorem: the latter theorem can be used to prove the former theorems and vice versa.

The result is named for Constantin Carathéodory, who proved the theorem in 1911 for the case when  is compact. In 1914 Ernst Steinitz expanded Carathéodory's theorem for arbitrary sets.

Conical combination
Given a finite number of vectors  in a real vector space, a conical combination, conic combination, conical sum, or weighted sum
of these vectors is a vector of the form

where  are non-negative real numbers.

The name derives from the fact that the set of all conical sum of vectors defines a cone (possibly in a lower-dimensional subspace).
Trams in Szczecin
The Szczecin tram system is a 12-line, standard gauge tramway system in Szczecin, Poland, that has been in operation since 1879 (when the town was Stettin, Prussia). The tramway operates on 65 kilometers (40 mi) of route. There are two depots and twelve balloon loops (including five street ones). Daytime lines (night lines were abolished in 1996) are operated by the company Tramwaje Szczecińskie (Szczecin Tramways), on behalf of the ZDiTM (Zarząd Dróg i Transportu Miejskiego; Road and Public Transport Administration). There is also a tourist line operated by the Szczecin's Association of the Enthusiasts of Public Transport.

Balloon loop
A balloon loop, turning loop, or reversing loop (North American Terminology) allows a rail vehicle or train to reverse direction without having to shunt or stop. Balloon loops can be useful for passenger trains and unit freight trains.

Balloon loops are common on tram and streetcar systems. Many streetcar and tram systems use single-ended vehicles that have doors on only one side and controls at only one end. These systems may also haul trailers with no controls in the rear car, and, as such, must be turned at each end of the route.
Arthur Price (bishop)
Arthur Price (1678 or 1679 – 1752) was Church of Ireland Archbishop of Cashel from 1744 until his death. Previously he had been Church of Ireland Bishop of Clonfert (1724–1730), Ferns and Leighlin (1730–1734) and Meath (1734–1744).

Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin
The Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin was the Ordinary of  Church of Ireland diocese of Ferns and Leighlin in the Province of Dublin. The diocese comprised all of counties Wexford and Carlow and part of counties Wicklow and Laois in Ireland.

The Episcopal see was a union of the bishoprics of Ferns and Leighlin which were united in 1597. Over two hundred and thirty-eight years, there were twenty-nine bishops of the united diocese. Under the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 37), Ferns and Leighlin were combined with Ossory to form the united bishopric of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin on 12 July 1835.
Andelshofer Weiher
Andelshofer Weiher, also called Neuweiher, is an artificial reservoir in the municipality of Überlingen, Germany. The lake is the second-largest lake in the Bodenseekreis (not counting Lake Constance).

Überlingen
Überlingen (German pronunciation: [ˈyːbɐˌlɪŋən] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Iberlinge) is a German city on the northern shore of Lake Constance (Bodensee) in Baden-Württemberg near the border with Switzerland. After the city of Friedrichshafen, it is the second-largest city in the Bodenseekreis (district), and a central point for the outlying communities. Since 1 January 1993, Überlingen has been categorized as a large district city (Große Kreisstadt).