hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hatton Compton
Hatton Compton (died 22 January [O.S. 12 January] 1741) was an English army officer who served as Lieutenant of the Tower of London from 1713 to 1741 and Lord Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets from 1715 to 1717.

Lieutenant of the Tower of London
The Lieutenant of the Tower of London serves directly under the Constable of the Tower. The office has been appointed at least since the 13th century. There were formerly many privileges, immunities and perquisites attached to the office. Like the Constable, the Lieutenant was usually appointed by letters patent, either for life or during the King's pleasure.

The Lieutenants had custody of many eminent prisoners of state, including Anne Boleyn, Sir Thomas More, Lady Jane Grey, Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth I) and Sir Walter Raleigh. At least five of the Lieutenants, Sir Edward Warner, Sir Gervase Helwys, Isaac Penington, Colonel Robert Tichborne, and Sir Edward Hales, themselves later became prisoners in the Tower.
Emmanuel Matadi
Emmanuel Matadi (born 15 April 1991) is a Liberian sprinter.  Matadi has represented Liberia in the 2016 Summer Olympics, the 2017 World Athletics Championships, and the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Matadi graduated from Johnson Senior High School in Saint Paul, Minnesota. As a senior, he won the Minnesota State High School championship in 100 meters in 2009.
Matadi attended the University of Louisville before transferring to Minnesota State University, Mankato. At MNSU, Matadi won national titles in the 100m and 200m. He also holds Liberia's  national records in the 60m and 100m.

Internationally, Matadi won bronze in the 200 meters at the 2016 African Championships and made his Olympic debut while competing for Liberia at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 100m and 200m. He was the flag bearer for Liberia in the Parade of Nations.

In the 2017 World Championships, Matadi was one of three Africans to advance to the semifinals of the 100m in London.

2017 World Championships in Athletics
The 2017 IAAF World Championships, the sixteenth edition of the IAAF World Championships, were held from 4 to 13 August at London Stadium in London, United Kingdom. London was officially awarded the championships on 11 November 2011.
Torii Kotondo
Torii Kotondo (鳥居 言人, 21 November 1900 – 13 July 1976) or Torii Kiyotada V (五代目 鳥居 清忠) was a Japanese painter and woodblock printer of the Torii school of ukiyo-e artists. He followed his school's tradition of making prints of kabuki actors (yakusha-e) and involvement with commercial work for kabuki theater. His twenty-one bijin-ga (pictures of beautiful women) are particularly celebrated.

Woodblock printing in Japan
Woodblock printing in Japan (木版画, mokuhanga) is a technique best known for its use in the ukiyo-e artistic genre, but it was also used for printing books in the same period. Invented in China during the Tang dynasty, woodblock printing was widely adopted in Japan during the Edo period (1603–1868). It is similar to woodcut in Western printmaking in some regards, but was widely used for text as well as images. The Japanese mokuhanga technique differs in that it uses water-based inks—as opposed to Western woodcut, which typically uses oil-based inks. Japanese water-based inks provide a wide range of vivid colors, glazes, and transparency.
Edward C. Burks
Edward Calohill Burks (May 20, 1821 – July 4, 1897) was a Virginia lawyer, legislator and jurist, as well as a relative of several other Virginia lawyers or legislators representing Bedford County. He served as a judge on the Supreme Court of Virginia from January 9, 1877, through December 31, 1882.

Supreme Court of Virginia
The Supreme Court of Virginia is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  It primarily hears direct appeals in civil cases from the trial-level city and county circuit courts, as well as the criminal law, family law and administrative law cases that are initially appealed to the Court of Appeals of Virginia. Established in 1779 as the Supreme Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court of Virginia is one of the oldest continuously active judicial bodies in the United States.
Cristian Bușoi
Cristian Silviu Bușoi (born March 1, 1978) is a Romanian physician and politician. A member of the National Liberal Party (PNL), he was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Timiș County from 2004 to 2007, and was a Member of the European Parliament from 2007 to 2013, a position he regained in 2014. He currently chairs the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE).

Timiș County
Timiș (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtimiʃ]) is a county (județ) of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Romania in terms of land area. The county is also part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
Menlo Park, Pretoria
Menlo Park (Afrikaans:  Menlopark) is an upmarket suburb in the city of Pretoria, South Africa.  It borders other upmarket areas Waterkloof, Brooklyn and Lynnwood.  When it was first established between the 1950s and 1960s, it was the most eastern suburb of Pretoria, but the city has since considerably expanded eastwards. Today these suburbs are known as the Old East and have some of the city's most valuable residential properties.

Brooklyn, Pretoria
Brooklyn is a suburb of the city of Pretoria, South Africa. It is a well-established and wealthy area, lying to the east of the city centre, encompassing high-end residential properties and several upmarket mall developments. It borders the University of Pretoria to its north and the suburbs of Groenkloof and Waterkloof to its south. Brooklyn is also the location of Pretoria Boys High School. The Brooklyn Mall opened in 1989.
Ali Khursheedi
Ali Khursheedi is a Pakistani politician who is a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh and is currently serving as the Leader of Opposition in the Provincial Assembly of Sindh since March 2024. He contested as the candidate for Chief Minister of Sindh for the Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan (MQM-P) in the 2024 Sindh provincial election against Murad Ali Shah of the Pakistan Peoples Party. Following the election, Murad Ali Shah won a third term, while Khursheedi's party nominated him as the Opposition Leader in Sindh Assembly in March 2024.

Provincial Assembly of Sindh
The Provincial Assembly of Sindh is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Sindh, and is located in Karachi, its provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan having a total of 168 seats, with 130 general seats, 29 seats reserved for women and 9 seats reserved for non-Muslims.

There was previously a Sind Legislative Assembly in the 
Sind Province of British India and in the early years of the state of Pakistan.
John Toup Nicolas
Rear-Admiral John Toup Nicolas CB KH (1788–1851) was a Royal Navy officer.

Nicolas was born in East Looe, Cornwall. He entered the Royal Navy in 1797 and later served on various ships, including HMS Edgar, HMS Malta, and HMS Queen. As a lieutenant, he participated in the 3rd Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1805. Nicolas commanded several successful attacks while in charge of HMS Pilot, earning praise from the British press. He was promoted to Captain in 1815 and later commanded HMS Egeria, HMS Hercules, HMS Belleisle, and HMS Vindictive. Nicolas was appointed Superintendent of the Victualling Yard at Plymouth in 1847 and retired as Rear Admiral in 1850. He died in Plymouth and is buried in St Martin's Church there.

Royal Guelphic Order
The Royal Guelphic Order (German: Königlicher Guelphen-Orden), sometimes referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, is a Hanoverian order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent (later King George IV). It takes its name from the House of Guelph, of which the House of Hanover was a branch. Since Hanover and the United Kingdom shared a monarch until 1837, the order was frequently bestowed upon British subjects.
Škoda VOS
The Škoda VOS is a full-size luxury car produced by the Czechoslovak automaker AZNP at their plant in Mladá Boleslav between 1949 and 1952. For a few years it was the preferred car for senior political and military personnel in Czechoslovakia. It was never sold to the general public.

Škoda Auto
Škoda Auto a.s. (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʃkoda] ⓘ), often shortened to Škoda, is a Czech automobile manufacturer established in 1896 as the successor to Laurin & Klement and headquartered in Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic. Škoda Works became state owned in 1948. After the Velvet Revolution, it was gradually privatized starting in 1991, eventually becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the German multinational conglomerate Volkswagen Group in 2000.

Škoda automobiles are sold in over 100 countries, and in 2018, total global sales reached 1.25 million units, an increase of 4.4% from the previous year. The operating profit was €1.6 billion in 2017, an increase of 34.6% over the previous year. As of 2017, Škoda's profit margin was the second-highest of all Volkswagen AG brands after Porsche.

Its slogan was “Simply Clever” until 2022, when a new brand identity and a new slogan "Let's Explore" were introduced.
Shavei Shomron
Shavei Shomron (Hebrew: שָׁבֵי שׁוֹמְרוֹן, lit. Returnees of Samaria) is an Israeli settlement in the northern West Bank. Built on lands confiscated from the neighboring Palestinian villages of An-Naqura and Deir Sharaf, it is located to the west of Nablus, on the road to Tulkarm. It is organised as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Shomron Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,110, mostly religious Zionist and Modern Orthodox Jews. Its municipal jurisdiction is 664 dunams, of which 272 dunams are built up.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.
Zang Ba
Zang Ba (c. 162–230s), courtesy name Xuangao, was a military general who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China. He served the warlord Tao Qian initially, followed by Lü Bu and finally Cao Cao and his successors, but for the most part of his career, he remained semi-autonomous over his troops and eastern China. The years of his birth and death are not recorded, but he served the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period until the reign of the second Wei emperor, Cao Rui.

During his life he was granted autonomous power over Qing and Xu provinces. He eventually held the title of marquis of various counties within, but by the time of his death held the appointment Bearer of the Golden Mace (執金吾; i.e., police chief of the imperial capital).

Qingzhou (ancient China)
Qingzhou or Qing Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China dating back to c. 2070 BCE that later became one of the thirteen provinces of the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE). The Nine Provinces were first described in the Tribute of Yu chapter of the classic Book of Documents, with Qingzhou lying to the east of Yuzhou and north of Yangzhou. Qingzhou's primary territory included most of modern Shandong province except the southwest corner.
William G. Hardwick
William Guy Hardwick (May 30, 1910 – January 15, 1993) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 18th lieutenant governor of Alabama from 1955 to 1959 as a member of the Democratic Party.

Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
The lieutenant governor of Alabama is the president of the Alabama Senate, elected to serve a four-year term. The office was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901. According to the current constitution, should the governor be out of the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor, and if the governor dies, resigns or is removed from office (via impeachment), the lieutenant governor ascends to the governorship. Earlier constitutions said the powers of the governor devolved upon the successor, rather than them necessarily becoming governor, but the official listing includes these as full governors. The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on the same ticket.
Matthew Titone
Matthew J. Titone (born January 24, 1961) is an American politician and lawyer from Staten Island, New York. A Democrat, he served as a member of the New York State Assembly from the 61st District, on Staten Island's North Shore from April 1, 2007 to January 1, 2019. Titone currently serves as a surrogate court judge of Richmond County.

Michael Cusick
Michael J. Cusick (born February 21, 1969) is a former New York State legislator who represented the New York State Assembly's District 63, in Staten Island, New York. He is a Democrat, and served in the Assembly from 2003 to 2023.
Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana
Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana (La Paz, 13 May 1973) is a Bolivian ethnobotanist. She investigates the use and protection of traditional knowledge of plants in indigenous communities, particularly in the Bolivian Andes. She is currently an Associated Researcher at the Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andres in Bolivia. Her goal is giving them the knowledge to participate in decision-making on the conservation of their intangible cultural heritage.

Higher University of San Andrés
Universidad Mayor de San Andrés or UMSA (Spanish: Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, lit. 'Higher or Major University of San Andrés') is the leading public university in Bolivia, established since 1830 in the city of La Paz. UMSA is the second-oldest university in Bolivia, after the University of San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca (1624).
Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA station
Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA station (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɑmstərˈdɑm ˈbɛilmər aːˈreːnaː]; abbreviation: Asb), formerly known as Amsterdam Bijlmer (1971–2006), is a railway station in located in the Bijlmermeer neighbourhood of the Amsterdam-Zuidoost borough in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The station has five platforms and eight tracks: two tracks and one platform are used by the Amsterdam Metro, while the remaining six tracks and four platforms serve Nederlandse Spoorwegen train services. A large bus station is also integrated into the complex. The station is located adjacent to the Johan Cruyff Arena, home of AFC Ajax and a major event venue.

Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Nederlandse Spoorwegen ([ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈspoːrˌʋeːɣə(n)] ⓘ, lit. 'Dutch Railways', NS [ɛnˈɛs] ⓘ) is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938.

The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight operator NS Cargo merged with DB Cargo in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers. The NS also provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on some foreign rail markets through its subsidiary Abellio.
Frank Allen (Australian footballer)
Frank William Allen (5 December 1926 – 4 February 2018) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the East Perth Football Club in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL). He tied with Jim Conway for the 1950 Sandover Medal.

Jim Conway (footballer)
James Francis Conway (14 June 1925 – 28 December 2003) was an Australian rules football player and coach. The winner of the 1950 Sandover Medal, Conway played 180 games for East Fremantle in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) between 1943 and 1956, also representing Western Australia in 15 interstate matches. In 1964, he was appointed coach of Claremont, a position which he held for five years, until 1968. He was inducted into the West Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2009.
Amanita onusta
Amanita onusta, commonly known as the loaded Lepidella, the gunpowder Lepidella or the gunpowder amanita, is a species of fungus in the mushroom family Amanitaceae. It is characterized by its small to medium-sized fruit bodies that have white to pale gray caps crowded with roughly conical, pyramidal, or irregular gray warts. The stipe is whitish-gray with woolly or wart-like veil remnants, and at the base is a spindle- or turnip-shaped base that is rooted somewhat deeply in the soil.

The species is distributed in eastern North America, from Nova Scotia to Mexico, and may be found growing on the ground in deciduous forests, particularly those with oak, hickory and chestnut. Fruit bodies smell somewhat like bleaching powder, and their edibility is unknown, but are possibly toxic.

Calcium hypochlorite
Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with chemical formula Ca(OCl)2. It is a white solid, although commercial samples appear yellow. It strongly smells of chlorine, owing to its slow decomposition in moist air. This compound is relatively stable as a solid and solution and has greater available chlorine than sodium hypochlorite. "Pure" samples have 99.2% active chlorine. Given common industrial purity, an active chlorine content of 65-70% is typical. It is the main active ingredient of commercial products called bleaching powder, used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent.
ITE College Central
ITE College Central (ITECC) is a post-secondary education institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education in Singapore.

It is one of the Institute of Technical Education's three colleges under the "One ITE System, Three Colleges" Governance and Education Model. The college also houses the headquarters of the Institute of Technical Education.

Ministry of Education (Singapore)
The Ministry of Education (MOE; Malay: Kementerian Pendidikan; Chinese: 教育部; Tamil: கல்வி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the education in Singapore.
Andrew Klemencic
Andrew Klemencic (or Klemenčič, 1860–1906) was a Slovene anarchist and union organizer active in Europe, the United States and the Republic of Hawaii. He contributed to various anarchist publications throughout his life and was a founding member of the Industrial Workers of the World.

Union organizer
A union organizer (or union organiser in Commonwealth spelling) is a specific type of trade union member (often elected) or an appointed union official.

In some unions, the organizer's role is to recruit groups of workers under the organizing model. In other unions, the organizer's role is largely that of servicing members and enforcing work rules, similar to the role of a shop steward. In some unions, organizers may also take on industrial/legal roles such as making representations before Fair Work Commission, tribunals, or courts.

In North America, a union organizer is a union representative who "organizes" or unionizes non-union companies or worksites. Organizers primarily exist to assist non-union workers in forming chapters of locals, usually by leading them in their efforts.
Justin McKay
Justin McKay is an American college baseball coach and former outfielder and pitcher. McKay was the Interim Head Baseball Coach of the NCAA Division I Fairleigh Dickinson Knights baseball team during the 2018-2019 year before retiring after the season.

Fairleigh Dickinson Knights baseball
The Fairleigh Dickinson Knights baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the Fairleigh Dickinson University in Teaneck, New Jersey, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and is a member of the Northeast Conference (NEC).
1987 Australia rugby union tour of Argentina
The 1987 Australia rugby union tour of Argentina was a series of matches played between October and November 1987 in Argentina and Paraguay by Australia. The Wallabies won seven matches of nine and lost the series of test matches against Los Pumas, led by Hugo Porta.

It was the second tour of an Australian side to Argentina, after their first visit in 1979.

Hugo Porta
Hugo Porta (born 11 September 1951) is an Argentine retired rugby union player. Considered one of the best fly-halves the sport has seen, he is an inductee of both the International Rugby Hall of Fame and IRB Hall of Fame. During the 1970s and 1980s, he played 58 times for Argentina, captaining them on 34 occasions, including leading them during the first World Cup in 1987.

Porta made his international debut in 1971. His best performances for Los Pumas came in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with a draw with France in 1977, a 24–13 win against Australia in 1979, and a 21–21 draw with New Zealand in 1985.

In December 2018, Porta was elected as president of Argentine sports club Banco Nación, where he spent his entire career as player.
Aura: Koga Maryuin's Last War
Aura: Koga Maryuin's Last War (AURA ～魔竜院光牙最後の闘い～, Aura Maryūinkōga Saigo no Tatakai) is a Japanese light novel written by Romeo Tanaka, with illustrations by Mebae, published by Shogakukan under their Gagaga Bunko imprint in July 2008. A manga adaptation by Kōichirō Hoshino was serialized in Shogakukan's Shōnen Sunday S between February 2012 and March 2013. An anime film by AIC ASTA premiered in April 2013.

Gagaga Bunko
Gagaga Bunko (ガガガ文庫) is a light novel publishing imprint affiliated with the Japanese publishing company Shogakukan. It was established in May 2007. The imprint is aimed at a male audience, while its sister imprint that was established at the same time, Lululu Bunko, is aimed at a female audience. In May 2008, Shogakukan introduced a separate imprint titled Gagaga Bunko R or Gagaga Bunko Revival, which republishes works from the defunct label Super Quest Bunko.
Valuation (measure theory)
In measure theory, or at least in the approach to it via the domain theory, a valuation is a map from the class of open sets of a topological space to the set of positive real numbers including infinity, with certain properties. It is a concept closely related to that of a measure, and as such, it finds applications in measure theory, probability theory, and theoretical computer science.

Sign (mathematics)
In mathematics, the sign of a real number is its property of being either positive, negative, or 0. Depending on local conventions, zero may be considered as having its own unique sign, having no sign, or having both positive and negative sign. In some contexts, it makes sense to distinguish between a positive and a negative zero.

In mathematics and physics, the phrase "change of sign" is associated with exchanging an object for its additive inverse (multiplication with −1, negation), an operation which is not restricted to real numbers. It applies among other objects to vectors, matrices, and complex numbers, which are not prescribed to be only either positive, negative, or zero.

The word "sign" is also often used to indicate binary aspects of mathematical or scientific objects, such as odd and even (sign of a permutation), sense of orientation or rotation (cw/ccw), one sided limits, and other concepts described in § Other meanings below.