hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Forced-air
A forced-air  central heating system is one which uses air as its heat transfer medium. These systems rely on ductwork, vents, and plenums as means of air distribution, separate from the actual heating and air conditioning systems. The return plenum carries the air from several large return grills (vents) to a central air handler for re-heating. The supply plenum directs air from the central unit to the rooms which the system is designed to heat. Regardless of type, all air handlers consist of an air filter, blower, heat exchanger/element/coil, and various controls. Like any other kind of central heating system, thermostats are used to control forced air heating systems.

Forced air heating is the type of central heating most commonly installed in North America. It is much less common in Europe, where hydronic heating predominates, especially in the form of hot-water radiators.

Hydronics
Hydronics (from Ancient Greek  hydro- 'water') is the use of liquid water or gaseous water (steam) or a water solution (usually glycol with water) as a heat-transfer medium in heating and cooling systems. The name differentiates such systems from oil and refrigerant systems.

Historically, in large-scale commercial buildings such as high-rise and campus facilities, a hydronic system may include both a chilled and a heated water loop, to provide for both heating and air conditioning. Chillers and cooling towers are used either separately or together as means to provide water cooling, while boilers heat water. A recent innovation is the chiller boiler system, which provides an efficient form of HVAC for homes and smaller commercial spaces.
Wilsons Creek (Missouri)
Wilsons Creek is a 13.9-mile-long (22.4 km) waterway near Springfield, Missouri, United States. It is formed by the confluence of Jordan Creek and Fassnight Creek in southwest Springfield, just south of Bennett Street between Scenic Avenue and Kansas Expressway. It was the site of the Civil War Battle of Wilson's Creek and flows south through Wilson's Creek National Battlefield. It is a tributary of the James River which it joins in western Christian County. At Battlefield, the creek has an annual average discharge of 95 cubic feet per second.

The creek has the name of James Wilson, a pioneer citizen.

James River (Missouri)
The James River is a 130-mile-long (210 km) river in southern Missouri. It flows from northeast Webster County until it is impounded into Table Rock Lake. It is part of the White River watershed. The river forms Lake Springfield and supplies drinking water for the city of Springfield.
1/6 (EP)
1/6 (Korean: 6분의1; also written as and pronounced One Sixth) is the third extended play by South Korean singer Sunmi. It was released by Abyss Company on August 6, 2021. It is the singer's first Korean EP in nearly three years, following  Warning (2018). The singer's third extended play features six songs including the lead single, "You Can't Sit with Us".

The visual concept of 1/6 is a throwback to the early 2000s. The EP deals with the profound inner emotions such as anger, confusion, sadness and happiness that "we can't help but go through in the gravity of our lives." The mini album is primarily a retro-styled pop record that combines synthwave, dance-pop, bubblegum pop and city pop elements.

Warning (EP)
Warning (stylized in all caps) is the second extended play by South Korean singer Sunmi. It was released on September 4, 2018, by Makeus Entertainment. It is her first solo Korean material since the release of Full Moon in February 2014. "Gashina" was released as the lead single.
SNET Information Services
YP Connecticut Information Services LLC, originally SNET Information Services, Inc., was the directory publishing arm of Southern New England Telecommunications. It is currently owned by YP Holdings and publishes telephone directories for Southern New England Telephone customers under the YP Real Yellow Pages name.

YP Holdings
YP Holdings, now a wholly owned subsidiary of Thryv, is the American parent company for YP LLC. Its products include printed telephone directories, yp.com and YP app. YP offers local search, display ads and direct marketing. On July 31, 2012, YP was included in PaidContent50's list of "the world's most successful digital media companies" based on 2011 digital ad revenue.

The company was formed on April 4, 2012, preceding a formal announcement that AT&T would sell off a 53% stake in its directory operations to Cerberus Capital Management. Dex Media purchased YP Holdings LLC in 2017, officially announced in June 2017.

It is responsible for the publication yp.com, YP app, the Gas Guru app, and more than 1,300 printed directories, published under the "YP The Real Yellow Pages" brand. It is headquartered in Tucker, Georgia.
Jews and the American Slave Trade (book)
Jews and the American Slave Trade is a 1998 book by American historian Saul S. Friedman published by the Transaction Publishers. It focuses on the Jewish involvement in the American slave trade and is a polemical rebuttal against the 1991 work The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews. It has also been described as contributing to the contemporary debates related to African American–Jewish relations.

African American–Jewish relations
African Americans and Jewish Americans have interacted throughout much of the history of the United States. This relationship has included widely publicized cooperation and conflict, and it has been an area of significant academic research since the 1970s. Cooperation during the Civil Rights Movement was strategic and significant, culminating in the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The relationship has also featured conflicts and controversies which are related to such topics as the Black Power movement, Zionism, affirmative action, and the antisemitic trope concerning the alleged dominant role of American and Caribbean-based Jews in the Atlantic slave trade.
CAC Small
The CAC Small (formerly the CAC Small 90) is a stock market index used by the Paris Bourse. It is a small-cap index which represents all main-market French equities not included in the CAC 40, the CAC Next 20 or the CAC Mid 60. Together, these 4 indices make up the CAC All-Tradable. Originally consisting of 90 listings, the index was revamped to include a wider range of stocks in March 2011.

CAC Mid 60
The CAC Mid 60 (formerly the CAC Mid 100) is a stock market index used by the Paris Bourse. It is a mid-cap index which represents the 60 largest French equities after the CAC 40 and the CAC Next 20. The index was inaugurated in 2005, with the number of index constituents being reduced from 100 to 60 in March 2011.
Interleukin 30
Interleukin 30 (IL-30) forms one chain of the heterodimeric cytokine called interleukin 27 (IL-27), thus it is also called IL27-p28. IL-27 is composed of α chain p28 and β chain Epstain-Barr induce gene-3 (EBI3). The p28 subunit, or IL-30, has an important role as a part of IL-27, but it can be secreted as a separate monomer and has its own functions in the absence of EBI3. The discovery of IL-30 as individual cytokine is relatively new and thus its role in the modulation of the immune response is not fully understood.

Interleukin 27
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a member of the IL-12 cytokine family. It is a heterodimeric cytokine that is encoded by two distinct genes, Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and IL-27p28. IL-27 is expressed by antigen presenting cells and interacts with a specific cell-surface receptor complex known as IL-27 receptor (IL-27R). This receptor consists of two proteins, IL-27Rɑ and gp130. IL-27 induces differentiation of the diverse populations of T cells in the immune system and also upregulates IL-10.
Oliver Lepsius
Oliver Lepsius (born 2 February 1964) is a German professor of jurisprudence at the University of Münster.

His public profile was raised in 2011 by the scandal involving Germany's Defence Minister, Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg. It was determined that the youthful minister's doctoral dissertation, awarded in 2007, had been over-dependent on plagiarism. The university revoked the doctorate and the minister resigned.  In public interviews Oliver Lepsius, the university's professor of jurisprudence expressed his anger very powerfully over the affair.

Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg
Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Buhl-Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (born 5 December 1971), known professionally as Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, is a German businessman, author, journalist, podcaster, and former politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU). He served as a member of the Bundestag from 2002 to 2011, as Secretary-General of the CSU from 2008 to 2009, as Federal Minister for Economics and Technology in 2009 and as Federal Minister of Defence from 2009 to 2011.

After the discovery of extensive plagiarism in his doctoral dissertation and the decision of the University of Bayreuth to revoke his doctorate, an affair known as the Guttenberg plagiarism scandal, he resigned from all political posts in March 2011.

In 2011, Guttenberg joined the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Guttenberg is the chairman and a founder of Spitzberg Partners, an advisory and investment firm based in New York City.
Robert S. Kapito
Robert Steven Kapito (born February 8, 1957) is an American businessman and investor. He is a co-founder (with Larry Fink and Susan Wagner) and president of the New York City-based investment management firm BlackRock.

Larry Fink
Laurence Douglas Fink (born November 2, 1952) is an American billionaire businessman. He is a co-founder, chairman, and CEO of BlackRock, an American multinational investment management corporation. BlackRock is the largest money-management firm in the world with more than US$10 trillion in assets under management. In April 2024, Fink's net worth was estimated at US$1.2 billion according to Forbes. He is the Co-Chairman of the World Economic Forum. In 2025, Time magazine listed him as one of the world's 100 most influential people.
2025 Italy rugby union tour of Namibia and South Africa
In July 2025, the Italy national rugby union team toured South Africa as part of the Summer International calendar. The two-test tour was confirmed in October 2024, with a match against Namibia being included on the tour.

It was Italy's third tour of South Africa, and the first time both teams have played each other at Loftus Versfeld Stadium and Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium.

2025 mid-year rugby union tests
The 2025 mid-year rugby union internationals (also known as the Summer Internationals in the Northern Hemisphere) were international rugby union matches that were played (mostly) in the Southern Hemisphere during the July rugby international window. The international window saw the return of many prominent tours replayed again from four years prior such as the Argentina–England test series and the British & Irish Lions tour of Australia.

The 2025 mid-year rugby union tests were notable for being the last mid-year break before the introduction of the Nations Championship competition.
Pocket Creek (Deep River tributary)
Pocket Creek is a 16.44 mi (26.46 km) long 3rd order tributary to the Deep River in Lee County, North Carolina.  The longest covered bridge (Gilliam Park Covered Bridge) in North Carolina crosses this creek.

Deep River (North Carolina)
Deep River is a tributary of the Cape Fear River, approximately 125 miles (201 km) long, in north central North Carolina in the United States. Deep River is a translation of the Indian name sapponah, "deep river".

Paddling is popular on the river. Deep River is flanked by the planned Deep River State Trail and several other parks and preservation areas including Carbonton Dam Park, House in the Horseshoe Historic Site, Deep River Park and Deep River Camelback Truss Bridge, Endor Iron Furnace, White Pines Nature Preserve, Lockville Dam, Canal and Powerhouse, and Mermaid Point.

There river is habitat to two federally-endangered species, the Cape Fear shiner, a critically endangered minnow, and the Atlantic Pigtoe, an endangered mussel.
David Beerling
David John Beerling FRS FLSW (born 21 June 1965) is the Director of the Leverhulme Centre for Climate change mitigation and Sorby Professor of Natural Sciences in the Department of Animal and Plant Sciences (APS) at the University of Sheffield, UK. He is also Editor-in-Chief of the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.

Learned Society of Wales
The Learned Society of Wales (Welsh: Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru) is a national academy, learned society and charity that exists to "celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect and encourage excellence in all of the scholarly disciplines", and to serve the Welsh nation.

The Learned Society of Wales is Wales's first and only all-embracing national scholarly academy.  A registered charity, it was established and launched on 25 May 2010 at the National Museum of Wales and was granted a Royal Charter in 2015. The society is headquartered in Cardiff.

It is an independent, self-governing, pan-disciplinary, bilingual organisation operating throughout Wales, and is a founding member of the Celtic Academies Alliance.
96th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
The 96th Street station is a local station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Lexington Avenue and 96th Street in the Carnegie Hill and East Harlem neighborhoods of Manhattan, it is served by the 6 train at all times, the <6> train during weekdays in the peak direction, and the 4 train during late nights.

This station was constructed as part of the Dual Contracts by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and opened in 1918. It was renovated in the 1990s.

Lexington Avenue
Lexington Avenue, often colloquially abbreviated as "Lex", is an avenue on the East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The avenue carries southbound one-way traffic from East 131st Street to Gramercy Park at East 21st Street. Along its 5.5-mile (8.9-kilometer), 110-block route, Lexington Avenue runs through Harlem, Carnegie Hill, the Upper East Side, Midtown, and Murray Hill to a point of origin that is centered on Gramercy Park. South of Gramercy Park, the axis continues as Irving Place from 20th Street to East 14th Street.

Lexington Avenue was not one of the streets included in the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 street grid, so the addresses for cross streets do not start at an even hundred number, as they do with avenues that were originally part of the plan.
Germ cell neoplasia in situ
Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) represents the precursor lesion for many types of testicular germ cell tumors.

The term GCNIS was introduced with the 2016 edition of the WHO classification of urological tumours. GCNIS more accurate describes the lesion as it arises between the basement membrane and Sertoli cells (the cells that 'nurse' the developing germ cell). The common, unspecified variant of the entity was once considered to be a carcinoma in situ, although the term "carcinoma in situ" is now largely historical as it is not an accurate description of the process.

Germ cell tumor
A germ cell tumor (GCT) is a neoplasm derived from primordial germ cells. Germ-cell tumors can be cancerous or benign. Germ cell tumors typically originate from  the gonads (ovary and testis), but can arise in other areas of the body. Extragonadal GCTs are thought to result from abnormal migration of germ cell precursors during development of the embryo.
USS Little Rebel
Little Rebel was a cotton-clad ram that had been converted from a Mississippi River steamer to serve as the flagship of the Confederate River Defense Fleet in the American Civil War. Sent from New Orleans to defend against the Federal descent of the Mississippi, she was among the force that engaged vessels of the Union Army's Western Gunboat Flotilla at the Battle of Plum Point Bend on May 10, 1862. On June 6, she again was involved in an action with the Federal gunboats, this time at the First Battle of Memphis. In the battle, a shot from a Federal gun pierced her boiler, disabling her, and she was then pushed aground by the Federal ram USS Monarch and captured.

Subsequently, repaired and taken into the Union Navy, she served through the remainder of the war, seeing only limited action. After the war, she was deemed surplus by the Navy Department. Sold, she reentered the merchant service, where she remained until 1874.

USS Monarch
USS Monarch was a United States Army sidewheel ram that saw service in the American Civil War as part of the United States Ram Fleet and the Mississippi Marine Brigade. She operated on the Mississippi River and Yazoo River during 1862 and 1863.
Société Centrale Canine
The Société centrale canine (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete sɑ̃tʁal kanin], "Central Canine Society"), officially the Société Centrale Canine pour l'Amélioration des Races de Chiens en France and abbreviated SCC, is a French kennel club founded in 1881. It is made up of regional clubs and breed clubs, and coordinates and regulates activities and connections between governmental groups and dog clubs, as well as activities through the Fédération cynologique internationale, where it was one of the original five founding member organizations in 1911.

Fédération Cynologique Internationale
The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (French pronunciation: [fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ sinɔlɔʒik ɛ̃tɛʁnɑsjɔnal]; FCI; English: International Canine Federation) is the largest international federation of national kennel clubs and purebred registries. The FCI is based in Thuin, Belgium, and has 98 members and contract partners (one from each country).
Closure (computer programming)
In programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function together with an environment. The environment is a mapping associating each free variable of the function (variables that are used locally, but defined in an enclosing scope) with the value or reference to which the name was bound when the closure was created. Unlike a plain function, a closure allows the function to access those captured variables through the closure's copies of their values or references, even when the function is invoked outside their scope.

Name binding
In computer programming, name binding is the association of a data or code entity with an identifier. An identifier bound to an entity is said to reference that entity. A machine language has no built-in notion of identifiers, but name-entity binding as a service and notation for the programmer is implemented by higher-level programming languages. Binding is intimately connected with scoping, as scope determines which names bind to which entities – at which locations in the program code (lexically) and in which one of the possible execution paths (temporally).

Use of an identifier id in a context that establishes a binding for id is called a binding (or defining) occurrence. In all other occurrences (e.g., in expressions, assignments, and subprogram calls), an identifier stands for what it is bound to; such occurrences are called applied occurrences.
Waterbury and Milldale Tramway
The Waterbury and Milldale Tramway was a streetcar line that operated between Waterbury and Milldale, Connecticut, United States. The line was 8.702 miles (14.00 km) long, including 1.385 miles (2.23 km) of trackage rights on a Connecticut Company line to reach downtown Waterbury. The company was chartered in June 1907 and began construction in mid-1912. It opened in stages, with the first section entering service on November 19, 1913, and the full line open on December 19, 1914. The line was soon unprofitable; the east portion was abandoned in October 1927, and the remainder in October 1933. A bus route that replaced the western portion continues to run as CTtransit route 425, operated by the Northeast Transportation Company. The Waterbury and Milldale was locally known as the "Green Line" after its green-painted streetcars, which included a pair of unique cars.

Connecticut Company
The Connecticut Company was the primary electric street railway company in the U.S. state of Connecticut, operating both city and rural trolleys and freight service. It was controlled by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (New Haven), which also controlled most steam railroads in the state. After 1936, when one of its major leases was dissolved, it continued operating streetcars and, increasingly, buses in certain Connecticut cities until 1976, when its assets were purchased by the state government.
The Very Best of Miki Howard
The Very Best of Miki Howard is a greatest hits compilation album by American R&B/soul singer Miki Howard. It was released in 2001 in the United States by Atlantic Records. The album features five of Howard's top five R&B singles and the number-one R&B hits, "Ain't Nuthin' in the World" and "Ain't Nobody Like You". The album also features Howard's cover of Glenn Miller's pop hit, "Imagination" and renditions of Billie Holiday's, "Don't Explain" and "Good Morning Heartache".

Miki Howard (album)
Miki Howard is the third studio album by American R&B singer Miki Howard, released in 1989 on Atlantic Records. The album peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart. Howard scored her first number-one song with the lead single released from the album, "Ain't Nuthin' in the World", on the Billboard R&B Singles chart.

The follow-up singles, "Love Under New Management" written by Philly songwriters Gabriel Hardeman, and Annette Hardeman and a cover of Aretha Franklin's 1974 number-one R&B hit, "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)", both scored top five success peaking at No. 2 and No. 3, respectively, on the R&B Singles chart. Howard's version of "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)" also reached No. 67 on the UK Singles Chart, her first and only song on this chart.
Xixuthrus
Xixuthrus is a small genus of long-horned beetles, found primarily on Pacific islands, including Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Fiji, and contains some of the largest living insect species, the giant Fijian long-horned beetle and the Taveuni beetle. These beetles have powerful jaws, and should be handled with care when alive. No scientists have yet seen a larva of this genus, although in Fiji, where three different species occur, the natives consider them to be a rare and special delicacy.

Taveuni beetle
The Taveuni beetle (Xixuthrus terribilis) is known from the island of Taveuni in the Fiji, and is one of the largest living insect species, with specimens around 14 cm long, excluding legs, antennae, or mandibles.

It is closely related to the giant Fijian long-horned beetle. These beetles have powerful jaws, and should be handled with care when alive.

This species has been mistakenly classified under the name Xixuthrus heyrovskyi since 1945, when it was unwittingly redescribed, and this name still appears in much of the scientific literature.