hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plumbing
Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to convey fluids. Heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal, and potable water delivery are among the most common uses for plumbing, but it is not limited to these applications.  The word derives from the Latin for lead, plumbum, as the first effective pipes used in the Roman era were lead pipes.

In the developed world, plumbing infrastructure is critical to public health and sanitation.

Boilermakers and pipefitters are not plumbers although they work with piping as part of their trade and their work can include some plumbing.

Sanitation in ancient Rome
Sanitation in ancient Rome, acquired from the Etruscans, was very advanced compared to other ancient cities and provided water supply and sanitation services to residents of Rome. Although there were many sewers, public latrines, baths and other sanitation infrastructure, disease was still rampant. The baths are known to symbolise the "great hygiene of Rome".
Josiah Tucker
Josiah Tucker (also Josias) (December 1713 – 4 November 1799), also known as Dean Tucker, was a Welsh churchman, known as an economist and political writer. He was concerned in his works with free trade, Jewish emancipation and American independence. He became Dean of Gloucester.

Dean of Gloucester
The Dean of Gloucester is the head (primus inter pares: first among equals) and chair of the chapter of canons - the ruling body of Gloucester Cathedral - and senior priest of the Diocese of Gloucester. The dean and chapter are based at Gloucester Cathedral. The cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese of Gloucester and seat of the Bishop of Gloucester.
Lucius
Lucius is a masculine given name derived from Lucius (Latin [ˈluː.ki.us]; Etruscan: Luvcie), abbreviated L., one of the small group of common Latin forenames (praenomina) found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius probably derives from Latin word lux (gen. lucis), meaning "light" (<PIE *leuk-, "brightness"), related to the Latin verb lucere ("to shine") and cognate to the name Lucas. Another proposed etymology is derivation from Etruscan Lauchum (or Lauchme) meaning "king", which was more directly transferred into Latin as Lucumo.

Lucia and Lucy are feminine forms of the name.

In addition, Lucius is a British masculine given name and an Austrian,  German, Luxembourgish and Dutch surname. Lucius has been translated into Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, as Lucio. Derived from the related patronymic Lucianus is Luciano in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, Lucien in French and Luken in Basque.

Lucius (praenomen)
Lucius (/ˈluːʃ(i)əs/ LOO-sh(ee-)əs, Latin: [ˈluːkiʊs]) is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was one of the most common names throughout Roman history. The feminine form is Lucia (/ˈluːʃiə, luːˈtʃiːə/ LOO-shee-ə, loo-CHEE-ə, Latin: [ˈluːkia]). The praenomen was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gentes Lucia and Lucilia. It was regularly abbreviated L.

Throughout Roman history, Lucius was the most common praenomen, used slightly more than Gaius and somewhat more than Marcus. Although a number of prominent families rarely or never used it, it was amongst the most frequently given names in countless others. The name survived the collapse of the Western Empire in the fifth century, and has continued into modern times.
Jakub Nowakowski (footballer)
Jakub Nowakowski (born 11 October 2001) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for I liga club Znicz Pruszków.

He is best known for the time at his hometown club Radomiak, where he came through the youth academy.

I liga
The 1 Liga (Pierwsza liga [ˈpjɛrfʂa ˈliɡa], lit. 'First League'), referred to as the Betclic 1 Liga for sponsorship reasons, is the men's second professional association football division of the Polish football league system, below the Ekstraklasa and above the II liga via promotion/relegation systems. It is run by the Polish Football Association (PZPN) since its inception on 30 May 1948. The league was renamed from Second League (II liga) to First League (I liga) in 2008. It is currently contested by 18 teams; from 2002, all clubs onwards must have a licence, issued by the Association.

Before 1939, there were several plans to create a second, national level of Polish football system, but all failed. Instead, there were regional leagues of most Polish provinces, the so-called A Classes (see also Lower Level Football Leagues in Interwar Poland).
Sergio León
Sergio León Limones (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈseɾxjo leˈon]; born 6 January 1989) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a forward for División de Honor Andaluza club Atlético Palma del Río.

An academy graduate of Betis where he was mainly a reserve, he played more frequently at Reus before being signed by Elche in 2013. After finishing as top scorer in Segunda División three years later, he joined La Liga club Osasuna, where he also appeared for Betis, Levante and Valladolid to total 159 matches and 30 goals over six seasons.

Elche CF
Elche Club de Fútbol, S.A.D. (Valencian: Elx Club de Futbol, S.A.D.) is a Spanish professional football club based in Elche, Province of Alicante, in the Valencian Community, Spain. Founded in 1923, the club will compete in La Liga for the 2025–26 season, holding home matches at the Estadio Martínez Valero, with a capacity of 33,732 seats.

Founded in 1923 as the result of a merger between all of the town's clubs, Elche entered the league system in 1929, reaching Segunda División in 1934 and La Liga in 1959, finishing fifth in the latter tournament in 1963–64. The club were runners-up in the Copa del Rey in 1969.
Hydnophytum ferrugineum
Hydnophytum ferrugineum is a epiphyte species of myrmecophytes native to the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. It forms a mutualistic relationship with ants on tree branches in the tropics. It is distinctive due to the presence of rust-colored hairs covering the bracts near the inflorescences. H. ferrugineum was first described by Paul Irwin Forster in 2001, given its specific epithet ferrugineum due to the rust-colored hairs located on the bracts.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
Luis Antonio Hierro López
Luis Antonio Hierro López (born June 6, 1947) is a Uruguayan politician and diplomat who served as the 13th vice president of Uruguay from 2000 to 2005 under Jorge Batlle.

Born into a political family, his father was Luis Hierro Gambardella, former Minister of Education and Culture and Parliamentarian, while his grandfather, Luis Hierro Rivera, was National Representative. Member of the Colorado Party, Hierro López served as National Representative, Senator and as Ministry of the Interior. He also served as President of the Chamber of Representatives the fifth session of the 42nd Legislature. In November 2020, he was approved by the Senate as Ambassador of Uruguay to the Republic of Peru, and on March 22, 2021 he delivered the credentials to President Francisco Sagasti.

Vice President of Uruguay
The vice president of Uruguay is the person with the second-highest position in the executive branch of the Uruguayan government, after the President of Uruguay. The vice president replaces the elected President in case of death or absence. The vice president is also an officer in the legislative branch, president of the Chamber of Senators and the General Assembly.

The president and vice president run on a single ticket submitted by their party. A runoff is held between the top two candidates if no candidate obtains the majority of votes (50%+1). In this case, the candidate who receives a plurality in the runoff wins the election. The current Vice President is Carolina Cosse, who took office on March 1, 2025.
Tatyana Forbes
Tatyana Forbes (born June 27, 1997) is an American professional softball player for the Smash It Sports Vipers of the Women's Professional Fastpitch (WPF). She is also a member of Mexico women's national softball team, and competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Women's Professional Fastpitch
Women's Professional Fastpitch (WPF) is a professional women's fastpitch softball league in the United States. The new league began its promotional campaign in 2021 and launched its first official season in 2023. However, there is no word on a return in 2025.

The league is unrelated to the defunct league that used the names National Pro Fastpitch (NPF), Women's Pro Softball League (WPSL) along with Women's Professional Fastpitch, or the Association of Fastpitch Professionals. Not to be confused with a new competing league Fastpitch United or AUSL
Afro Samurai 2
Afro Samurai 2: Revenge of Kuma is an action-adventure video game developed by Redacted Studios and  published by Versus Evil. It was released for PlayStation 4 via PlayStation Network and Windows in September 2015. As the sequel to 2009's Afro Samurai, based on the manga series by Takashi Okazaki, the player controls Kuma, a swordsman who seeks revenge on the titular character.

The game received widely negative reviews from critics. Originally planned to be released in three volumes, Versus Evil pulled Revenge of Kuma from all platforms, issued refunds, and canceled the other two volumes. An Xbox One version was planned but never released, and the PlayStation 4 version is one of the few titles that are not backwards compatible with the PlayStation 5.

PlayStation Network
PlayStation Network (PSN) is a digital media entertainment service provided by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Launched in November 2006, PSN was originally conceived for the PlayStation video game consoles, but soon extended to encompass smartphones, tablets, Blu-ray players and high-definition televisions. It succeeded Sony Entertainment Network in 2015 and this service is the account for PlayStation consoles, accounts can store games and other content.

PlayStation Network's services are dedicated to an online marketplace (PlayStation Store), a premium subscription service for enhanced gaming and social features (PlayStation Plus), music streaming (PlayStation Music, based on Spotify), and formerly a cloud gaming service (PlayStation Now; folded into PlayStation Plus Premium in June 2022). The service is available in 73 territories.
Paa Kwesi Fabin
Samuel Paa Kwesi Fabin (born 25 March 1959) is a Ghanaian professional football manager. He is the current coach of the Ghana national U-23 team. He is a former coach Ghana Premier League teams, coaching stars like Asante Kotoko, Accra Hearts of Oak and Aduana Stars.  He previously coached the Ghana national U-17 team leading them to 2nd place in the 2017 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations.

Ghana national under-17 football team
The Ghana national U-17 football team, known as the Black Starlets, is the under-17 squad that represents Ghana in football. They are two-time FIFA U-17 World Cup Champions in 1991 and 1995 and a two-time Runner-up in 1993 and 1997. Ghana has participated in nine of the 17 World Cup events starting with their first in Scotland 1989 through dominating the competition in the 1990s where at one time they qualified for 4 consecutive World Cup finals in Italy 1991, Japan 1993, Ecuador 1995 and Egypt 1997 to their most recent participation in South Korea 2007 where they lost in the World Cup Semi-finals 1–2 to Spain in extra time.

They have also won the Africa U-17 Cup of Nations two times in 1995 and 1999 and were Runners-up in 2005 and 2017 as well. The current head coach is Prosper Narteh Ogum and his assistant is Ghana's former winger, Laryea Kingston.
South coast of Western Australia
The south coast of Western Australia comprises the Western Australian coastline from Cape Leeuwin to Eucla.  This is a distance of approximately 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi), fronting the Great Australian Bight and the Southern Ocean.

Eucla, Western Australia
Eucla (/juːklə/ YOO-klə) is the easternmost locality in Western Australia, located in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia along the Eyre Highway, approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of the South Australian border. At the 2016 Australian census, Eucla had a population of 53.

It is the only Western Australian location on the Eyre Highway that has a direct view of the Great Australian Bight due to its elevated position immediately next to the Eucla Pass – where the highway moves out and above the basin known as Roe Plains that occurs between the Madura and Eucla passes.
Umananda Temple
Umananda Devaloi (Pron: ˈʊməˌnændə ˈdeɪvəˌlɔɪ) is a Shiva temple located on the Umananda Island (Peacock Island) in the middle of the river Brahmaputra, Assam.

Brahmaputra just opposite the office of the Deputy Commissioner of Kamrup or the Kachari Ghat in Guwahati.

It is known as the smallest inhabited riverine island in the world. Country boats that are available on the bank of Brahmaputra take the visitors to the island. The mountain on which the temple has been built is known as Bhasmacala. It was built in 1694CE in the order of Ahom King Gadadhar Singha but was broken down by the 1897 Assam earthquake.

1897 Assam earthquake
The Assam earthquake of 1897 occurred on 12 June, in Assam, British India at 11:06 UTC, and had an estimated moment magnitude of 8.2–8.3. It resulted in approximately 1,542 human casualties and caused catastrophic damage to infrastructures. Damage from the earthquake extended into Calcutta, where dozens of buildings were severely damaged, with some buildings partially collapsing. Tremors were felt across India, reaching as far as Ahmedabad and Peshawar. Seiches were also observed in Burma.
Uffe Ravnskov
Uffe Ravnskov (born 1934) is a Danish medical doctor, independent researcher, and a former assistant professor and medical practitioner in Denmark and Sweden. In recent years, he has become known for querying the scientific consensus regarding the lipid hypothesis.

Lipid hypothesis
The lipid hypothesis (also known as the cholesterol hypothesis) is a medical theory postulating a link between blood cholesterol levels and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. A summary from 1976 described it as: "measures used to lower the plasma lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia will lead to reductions in new events of coronary heart disease". It states, more concisely, that "decreasing blood cholesterol [...] significantly reduces coronary heart disease".

As of 2023, there is international clinical acceptance of the lipid hypothesis.

The lipid hypothesis concerns blood cholesterol, which is not directly governed by dietary cholesterol but is influenced by it, albeit in ways that vary among individuals.
Shenley, Milton Keynes
Shenley is an area of Buckinghamshire consisting of the villages and areas Shenley Brook End, Shenley Church End, Shenley Dens, Shenley Grounds,  Shenley Lodge and Shenley Wood. It is one of the parts of the region that went to make up the new city of Milton Keynes in the 1960s.  Shenley is located to the west of the city centre, on the Roman road Watling Street between Stony Stratford and Fenny Stratford.

The name Shenley is an Old English language word meaning "bright clearing".  In the Domesday Book of 1086 the area was collectively known as Senelai.

The distinction between the Brook End and the Church End happened in the 12th century when a new manor house was constructed in Shenley Brook End by the Mansell family.  However, by 1426 the two manors were owned by the same person and the distinction between the two places was in name only.

Shenley Brook End
Shenley Brook End is a village, district and wider civil parish in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England, located about 2 miles (3.2 km) north-west of Bletchley, and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-west of Central Milton Keynes. Together with its neighbouring districts of Shenley Church End, Shenley Wood and Shenley Lodge, the districts are collectively known as "The Shenleys".

Today, the historic village is the core of the new district that bears its name. The district is bounded by V2 Tattenhoe Street, V3 Fulmer Street, H6 Childs Way and H7 Chaffron Way.

The mathematician and logician Alan Turing was billeted here during his time at Bletchley Park.
Logogram
In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek logos 'word', and gramma 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme. Chinese characters as used in Chinese as well as other languages are logograms, as are Egyptian hieroglyphs and characters in cuneiform script. A writing system that primarily uses logograms is called a logography. Non-logographic writing systems, such as alphabets and syllabaries, are phonemic: their individual symbols represent sounds directly and lack any inherent meaning. However, all known logographies have some phonetic component, generally based on the rebus principle, and the addition of a phonetic component to pure ideographs is considered to be a key innovation in enabling the writing system to adequately encode human language.

Rebus
A rebus (/ˈriːbəs/ REE-bəss) is a puzzle device that combines the use of illustrated pictures with individual letters to depict words or phrases. For example, the word "been" might be depicted by a rebus showing an illustrated bumblebee next to a plus sign (+) and the letter "n".

It was a favourite form of heraldic expression used in the Middle Ages to denote surnames. For example, in its basic form, three salmon (fish) are used to denote the surname "Salmon". A more sophisticated example was the rebus of Bishop Walter Lyhart (d. 1472) of Norwich, consisting of a stag (or hart) lying down in a conventional representation of water. The composition alludes to the name, profession or personal characteristics of the bearer, and speaks to the beholder Non verbis, sed rebus, which Latin expression signifies "not by words but by things" (res, rei (f), a thing, object, matter; rebus being ablative plural).
Jim Miller (offensive guard)
James Robert Miller (born July 24, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive guard for three seasons with the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes.

Iowa Hawkeyes football
The Iowa Hawkeyes football program represents the University of Iowa in college football. The Hawkeyes compete in the Big Ten Conference. Iowa joined the Conference (then known as the Western Conference or Big Nine) in 1899 and played their first Conference football season in 1900. They are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Hawkeyes play their home games in Iowa City, Iowa, at Kinnick Stadium, with a capacity of 69,250. The Hawkeyes are coached by Kirk Ferentz, who is in his 27th season as the head coach and is the longest current tenured head coach in NCAA Division I FBS. The Hawkeyes have won 13 conference championships (including 11 in the Big Ten). Iowa has been ranked #1 in the AP and Coaches Poll 15 times.
Bernd Wegner
Bernd Wegner (born October 1, 1949) is a German historian who specialises in military history and the history of Nazism. Since 1997 he has been professor of modern history at the Helmut Schmidt University in Hamburg, Germany.

Wegner is a contributor to the seminal work Germany and the Second World War from the Military History Research Office (MGFA). His book on the Waffen-SS, published in English as The Waffen-SS: Organization, Ideology and Function by Blackwell Publishing, has been issued in Germany in nine editions (the latest being 2010) and is considered to be the standard work on the history of the Waffen-SS; concentrating on the pre-war years.

Germany and the Second World War
Germany and the Second World War (German: Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg) is a 12,000-page, 13-volume work published by the Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt (DVA), that took academics from the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office 30 years (1978-2008) to complete.  The Clarendon Press began publishing the English translation in 1990, but the series was last added to in 2017 and no publication date has yet been announced for the final two.
Eye Manor
Eye Manor is a Carolean manor house in Eye, Herefordshire, England. It dates from the late 17th century and was built for Ferdinando Gorges. Noted for its interior plasterwork, the house is a Grade I listed building.

Plasterwork
Plasterwork is construction or ornamentation done with plaster, such as a layer of plaster on an interior or exterior wall structure, or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls.  This is also sometimes called pargeting. The process of creating plasterwork, called plastering or rendering, has been used in building construction for centuries.  For the art history of three-dimensional plaster, see stucco.
Hemicyon
Hemicyon, also known as the "dog-bear" (literally "half dog", from Greek ἡμι- hēmi- (half) + κύων kúōn (dog)), is an extinct genus of hemicyonine bear, which probably originated in Eurasia but was found in Europe, Asia and North America during the Miocene epoch (15.97 to 12.75 million years ago), existing for approximately 16 to 13 mya. Hemicyon is the best-known genus in the Hemicyoninae, a subfamily intermediate between bears and their Caniform ancestors but most often classified as bears. Hemicyonid bears should not be confused with Amphicyonids (bear-dogs), which are their own separate family of carnivores.

Amphicyonidae
Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of terrestrial carnivorans belonging to the suborder Caniformia. They first appeared in North America in the middle Eocene (around 45 Ma), spread to Europe by the late Eocene (35 Ma), and further spread to Asia and Africa by the early Miocene (23 Ma). They had largely disappeared worldwide by the late Miocene (9-7 Ma), with the latest recorded species at the end of the Miocene in Africa. They were among the first carnivorans to evolve large body size. Amphicyonids are colloquially referred to as "bear-dogs".
S. T. Satyamurthi
S. Thomas Satyamurti (8 June 1922 – ?) was an Indian zoologist and museum director who contributed to museology and zoological research in India. He served as the Superintendent of the Government Museum, Chennai, and the Connemara Public Library from 1960 to 1978.

Government Museum, Chennai
The Government Museum, Chennai, or the Madras Museum, is a museum of human history and culture located in the Government Museum Complex in the neighbourhood of Egmore in Chennai, India. Started in 1851, it is the second oldest museum in India after the Indian Museum in Kolkata. It has among the largest collection of Roman currency outside Europe. The Museum Theatre is a central landmark of the museum. The National Art Gallery is also present in the museum premises. Built in Indo-Saracenic style, it houses rare European and Asian painting of renowned artists, including Raja Ravi Varma. It had 600,000 visitors in 2018. It has a large collection of bronze idols, 500 of them dating to 1000 BCE, in Asia.