hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph R. Inge
Lieutenant General Joseph Richard Inge (August 20, 1947 – March 23, 2023) was an officer of the United States Army. He served as Deputy Commander, United States Northern Command, and Vice Commander, United States Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command, headquartered at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado in 2007. He retired in 2007, after a 38-year career.

As Deputy Commander, United States Northern Command, Inge helped lead the command responsible to deter, prevent and defeat threats and aggression aimed at the United States, its territories and interests within the assigned area of responsibility and, as directed by the President or Secretary of Defense, provide defense support of civil authorities including consequence management operations.

United States Northern Command
The United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States Department of Defense. The command is tasked with providing military support for non-military authorities in the U.S., and protecting the territory and national interests of the United States within the continental United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, The Bahamas, Greenland (Denmark) and the air, land and sea approaches to these areas. It is the U.S. military command which, if applicable, would be the primary defender against an invasion of the U.S.

USNORTHCOM was created on 25 April 2002 when President George W. Bush approved a new Unified Command Plan, following the September 11 attacks. USNORTHCOM went operational on 1 October 2002.
Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies
The Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies (IHS) is an international institute on urban management and housing at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, based in the Netherlands. IHS was founded in 1958 and has more than 60 years of history behind its back. It offers post graduate education (master's degree and PhD) and training, advisory services and applied research in the field of urban management, housing and urban planning.

Erasmus University Rotterdam
Erasmus University Rotterdam (Dutch: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam [eːˈrɑsmʏs ynivɛrsiˈtɛit rɔtərˈdɑm]; abbreviated as EUR) is a public research university located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th-century Christian humanist and theologian.

Erasmus MC, the teaching hospital and medical school of Erasmus University, is one of the largest medical institutions in Western Europe and the foremost medical and trauma centers in the Netherlands.
Hugh de Burdet I
Hugh de Burdet I (c.1045 – c.1091), also listed as Burdett, Bordet, or Bourdet, was a Norman knight, landowner, and companion of William the Conqueror during the Norman Conquest, specifically at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Burdet's name appears on the Falaise Roll, the Dives-sur-Mer Roll, and the Battle Abbey Roll as a knight accompanying William the Conqueror. Burdet was later ennobled as part of the Anglo-Norman nobility and appointed as a vassal and sub-tenant in the service of both Judith of Lens and Hugh de Grandmesnil. The Domesday Book in 1086 lists Burdet as owning considerable amounts of land in the county of Leicestershire.

Companions of William the Conqueror
William the Conqueror had men of diverse standing and origins under his command at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. With these and other men he went on in the five succeeding years to conduct the Harrying of the North and complete the Norman conquest of England.

The term "Companions of the Conqueror" in the widest sense signifies those who planned, organised and joined with William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, in the great adventure which was the Norman Conquest (1066-1071). The term is however more narrowly defined as those nobles who actually fought with Duke William in the Battle of Hastings. This article is concerned with the latter narrow definition.
Scot Halpin
Thomas Scot Halpin (February 3, 1954 – February 9, 2008) was an American artist and musician. In 1973, having initially been a member of the audience at a concert by the Who at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California, he ended up playing drums onstage after the band's drummer Keith Moon passed out mid-show. Halpin's performance won him Rolling Stone's "Pick-Up Player of the Year Award" later that year.

Daly City, California
Daly City (/ˈdeɪli/) is the second-most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, and immediately south of San Francisco (sharing its northern border with almost all of San Francisco's southern border), it is named for businessman and landowner John Donald Daly.  Its population was 104,901 at the 2020 census. The racial makeup of Daly City was 57.3% Asian, 11.7% non-Hispanic White, and 23.1% Hispanic or Latino of any race in the 2020 census. Notably, 33.2% of the population of Daly City is Filipino.
Gorges State Park
Gorges State Park is a 7,709-acre (31.20 km2) North Carolina state park in Transylvania County, North Carolina in the United States and along with other conservation lands is part of a 100,000+ acre conservation corridor stretching some 80 miles along the NC/SC state line. The land, along Jocassee Gorges, was purchased by the state from Duke Energy Corporation in 1999. It is North Carolina's westernmost state park and one of the state's newest. The park is adjacent to part of the Pisgah National Forest and the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission's Toxaway Game Land. Gorges State Park provides the principal access to the Horsepasture River on these adjoining public lands.

Pisgah National Forest
Pisgah National Forest is a National Forest in the Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina. It is administered by the United States Forest Service, part of the United States Department of Agriculture. The Pisgah National Forest is completely contained within the state of North Carolina. The forest is managed together with the other three North Carolina National Forests (Croatan, Nantahala, and Uwharrie) from common headquarters in Asheville, North Carolina. There are local ranger district offices located in Pisgah Forest, Mars Hill, and Nebo.
Hani Naqshabandi
Hani Naqshabandi (Arabic: هاني نقشبندي; 1963 – 24 September 2023) was a Saudi journalist, writer and novelist who had been included in several press positions, including editor-in-chief of Sayidaty Magazine and the Majalla political magazine, and co-founded The Man magazine.

Al Majalla
The Majalla, often transliterated as Al Majalla (Arabic:المجلة, "the magazine") is a Saudi-owned, London-based political news journal published in Arabic, English and Persian. The magazine's headquarters in Saudi Arabia are located in Jeddah.

From 1980 to 2009 a print edition was issued weekly, every Sunday. In April 2009 the magazine moved to an all-online format. The online version continues to be published weekly.
Arusiyyah Madrasah
Madrasatu l-‘Arūsiyyah (Arabic: مدرسة العروسية; Tamil: அரூஸிய்யா மத்ரஸா Arūsiyya Madrasa) is an Islamic educational institution located in Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India. Established in 1082 AH (1671 AD), it is one of the oldest centres of Arabic and Islamic studies in South India. The madrasah, or seminary, was founded by Ṣadaqatullāh b. Sulaimān al-Qāhirī aṣ-Ṣiddiqī (1042–1115 AH; 1632–1703 AD), a Muslim scholar and saint from the Arwi region (modern-day South India and Sri Lanka).

Known as Mādiḥu r-Rasūl (Arabic: مادح الرسول, lit. 'praiser of the Prophet'), it is called Appā (Tamil: அப்பா, lit. 'father') by Tamil-speaking Muslims in Tamil Nadu. The institution is located in Kilakarai, a coastal town recognized as an Islamic centre in the region.

Arwi
Arwi (أَرْوِيُّ‎ ʾArwīyyu) or Arabu-Tamil (Tamil: அரபுத்தமிழ், عَرَبُ تَّمِۻْ Araputtamiḻ) is an Arabic-influenced dialect of the Tamil language written with an extension of the Arabic alphabet, with extensive lexical and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi has been used extensively by the Muslims of the Tamil Nadu state of India and Sri Lanka.
Castello Sannazzaro di Giarole
The Castello Sannazzaro di Giarole is a castle in Giarole. The Sannazzaro family built the castle after receiving special privileges from Frederick I in 1163. In the twenty-first century, the Castello Sannazzaro remains in the Sannazzaro family and is run as a bed and breakfast.

Bed and breakfast
A bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. In addition, a B&B sometimes has the hosts living in the house.

Bed and breakfast is also used to describe the level of catering included in a hotel's room prices, as opposed to room-only, half-board, or full-board.
Daryl Millard
Daryl Millard (born 20 February 1985) is a Fiji international rugby league footballer who last played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the NRL. He previously played for the Catalans Dragons, Canterbury-Bankstown and St George Illawarra.

Fiji national rugby league team
The Fiji national rugby league team, nicknamed the Bati (pronounced [mˈbatʃi]), has been participating in international rugby league football since 1992. The team is controlled by the governing body for rugby league in Fiji, Fiji National Rugby League (FNRL), which is currently a member of the Asia-Pacific Rugby League Confederation (APRLC). Fiji have thrice reached the semi-finals of the Rugby League World Cup, in 2008, 2013 and 2017, and are currently ranked 6th in the International Rugby League's World Rankings. They are coached by Fijian Wise Kativerata, and their captain is Tui Kamikamica. The team will typically perform the hymn "Noqu Masu" before each match, singing in unison.
Abd al-Rahman ibn Rustam
Abd al-Rahman ibn Rustum (Arabic: عبد الرحمن ابن رستم; c. 8th century, d. c.784–785) was an Ibadi leader and the first imam associated with the polity later known as the Rustamud Imamate in the Maghreb, whose capital and principal center of rule was established at Tihert (near modern Tiaret, in present-day Algeria).

After building his reputation within the Ibadi networks of Ifriqiya (with formative links to eastern Ibadi scholarship), Abd al-Rahman became a key leader for Ibadi communities seeking autonomy from caliphal authority. Proclaimed imam by Ibadi groups around 776–777 (some chronologies place the decisive phase slightly later), he ruled until his death and was succeeded by his son Abd al-Wahhab, beginning the Rustumid dynasty that lasted until the Fatimid conquest in 909.

Ibadism
Ibadism (Arabic: الإباضية, romanized: al-ʾIbāḍiyya, Arabic pronunciation: [alʔibaːˈdˤijja]) is the third-largest branch of Islam. Its roots go back to the Kharijite secession from the fourth Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. It is a moderate subsect that has persisted and led to the creation of Ibadi communities in various areas in the Middle East and Africa.

The followers of the Ibadi sect are known as the Ibadis or, as they call themselves, The People of Truth and Integrity (Arabic: أهل الحقّ والاستقامة). Contemporary Ibadis may object to being classified as Kharijites. They are much less numerous than the two largest Muslim denominations: Sunnis—who account for 85–90 percent of the Muslim world—and Shias.

Today, the largest of these communities is in Oman. It is also practiced to a lesser extent in Algeria (in Mzab), Tunisia (in Djerba), Libya (in Nafusa and Zuwarah area), and Tanzania (in Zanzibar).
Transfigurations
"Transfigurations" is the 25th episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the 73rd episode of the series overall.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, the Enterprise rescues a critically injured amnesiac who is undergoing a mysterious transformation.

USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D), or Enterprise-D, to distinguish it as the fifth Federation vessel with the same name, is a fictional starship in the Star Trek media franchise. Under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, it is the main setting of Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1994) and the film Star Trek Generations (1994). It has also been depicted in various spinoffs, films, books, and licensed products.

The Next Generation occurs in the 24th century, beginning 94 years after the adventures in the original Star Trek (1966–1969). Andrew Probert's Enterprise-D updates Matt Jefferies' iconic 1960s Enterprise design, depicting a ship supporting a larger crew on a longer mission "to boldly go where no one has gone before."
Abuja Light Rail
Abuja Rail Mass Transit (commonly known as Abuja Light Rail) is a regional rail transport system in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. It was the first rapid transit system in Nigeria and the second such system in sub-saharan Africa (after Addis Ababa Light Rail). The first phase of the project connects the city center to Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, stopping at the Abuja-Kaduna Railway station in Idu. The Abuja Metro Line was launched on 12 July 2018 and a three-trains-per-day service opened for passengers the following week. Passenger services on the line were suspended in early 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and resumed on May 29, 2024, with four trips per day on both lines, and all the stations on both lines fully operational.

Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport
Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport (IATA: ABV, ICAO: DNAA) is an international airport serving Abuja, in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. It is the main airport serving the Nigerian capital city and was named after Nigeria's first President, Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904–1996). The airport is approximately 20 km (12 mi) southwest of the city centre, and has an international and a domestic terminal that share its single runway.
Daniel Schnyder
Daniel Schnyder (born March 12, 1961) is a Swiss jazz reedist and composer of both jazz and classical music.

Schnyder learned to play cello before saxophone. He attended Berklee College of Music and the Conservatory of Winterthur. He has recorded for Enja Records and composes pieces which meld jazz and classical music. His work has been published by Hal Leonard, Universal Edition, and Edition Kunzelmann; he has been commissioned by Vienna Art Orchestra, NDR Big Band, Opera Philadelphia, Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra and Berlin Philharmonic. Sidemen on his albums include Michael Philip Mossman, Marvin "Smitty" Smith, Kenny Drew Jr., Dave Taylor, Adam Taubitz, Michael Formanek, and Mark Feldman. He has also worked with Flavio Ambrosetti, Lee Konitz, and Abdullah Ibrahim.

Enja Records
Enja Records is a German jazz record company and label based in Munich which was founded by jazz enthusiasts Matthias Winckelmann and Horst Weber in 1971.

The label's first release was by Mal Waldron, and early releases included European and Japanese avant-garde artists such as Alexander von Schlippenbach, Terumasa Hino, Albert Mangelsdorff and Yōsuke Yamashita, along with newer American jazz musicians like Archie Shepp, Cecil Taylor, Leroy Jenkins and Eric Dolphy and straight-ahead musicians such as Tommy Flanagan, McCoy Tyner, Chet Baker, Freddie Hubbard, Elvin Jones, and Kenny Barron. The label also branched out to release early world music productions from Abdullah Ibrahim, Rabih Abou-Khalil, Mahmoud Turkmani, Gypsy bands, Indonesia's Monica Akihary, and Turkish saz virtuoso Taner Akyol.
Speedy Duncan
Leslie Herbert "Speedy" Duncan (August 10, 1942 – December 9, 2021) was an American professional football player who was a cornerback and return specialist in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Jackson State Tigers. Duncan played seven seasons with the San Diego Chargers, where he was a three-time AFL All-Star. He was also named to the Pro Bowl with the Washington Redskins. Duncan was inducted into the Chargers Hall of Fame and was named to their 40th and 50th anniversary teams.

He was the first punt returner in AFL history to return two punts for touchdowns in a season. His punt returning was so feared in the AFL, that it altered the way in which teams punted. He led the AFL in punt return average twice and the NFL once. He was the first player in AFL history to return an interception 100 yards for a touchdown.

American Football League All-Star game
The American Football League All-Star game was the annual game which featured each year's best performers in the American Football League (AFL). The game was first played in 1961 and the final AFL All-Star game occurred in 1969, prior to the league's merger with the National Football League (NFL).
Forensic psychology
Forensic psychology is the application of scientific knowledge and methods (in relation to psychology) to assist in answering legal questions that may arise in criminal, civil, contractual, personal injury, or other judicial proceedings. Practitioners and researchers in the field may engage in various psychology-law topics, such as: jury selection, reducing systemic racism in criminal law between humans, eyewitness testimony and jury research, evaluating competency to stand trial, identifying cognitive, behavioral or organizational factors contributing to systems failures, or assessing military veterans for service-connected disability compensation. The American Psychological Association's Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists reference several psychology sub-disciplines, such as: social, clinical, experimental, counseling, and neuropsychology.

Experimental psychology
Experimental psychology is the work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Experimental psychologists employ human participants and animal subjects to study a great many topics, including (among others) sensation, perception, memory, cognition, learning, motivation, emotion; developmental processes, social psychology, and the neural substrates of all of these.
Ranger College
Ranger College is a public community college in Ranger, Texas. The college's website asserts that it "is one of the oldest public two-year colleges in continuous operation in the state of Texas." In conjunction with its main campus in Ranger, the college maintains several satellite campuses across Erath County and Brown County, Texas. Ranger College provides dual-credit courses to over 40 area school districts.

As defined by the Texas State Legislature, the official service area of Ranger College is the part of the Ranger Independent School District located in Eastland County, excluding the area known as the "old Bullock School Land", and all of Brown, Comanche, Erath, and Young counties, excluding the portion of the Graham Independent School District located in Young County. Ranger College is a Hispanic Serving Institution.

Erath County, Texas
Erath County (/ˈiːræθ/) is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the United States Census bureau, its population was 42,545 in 2020. The county seat is Stephenville. The county is named for George Bernard Erath, an early surveyor and a soldier at the Battle of San Jacinto.

Erath County is included in the Stephenville, Texas, Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Erath County contains two of North America's largest renewable natural gas plants. The largest is at Huckabay Ridge, near Stephenville. The second-largest is outside Dublin at Rio Leche Estates.
Kimberly Ellis
Kimberly Ellis is an American activist and was the Executive Director of Emerge California from 2010 until she ran for the Chair of the California Democratic Party in 2017. Ellis is considered a progressive Democrat and formerly served on the California Democratic Party Finance Committee and also on the California Democratic Party's African American Caucus as Recording Secretary. Ellis ran for the Chair of the California Democratic Party in 2017, losing to party insider Eric Bauman.

California Democratic Party
The California Democratic Party, also known as the Democratic Party of California, is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in Sacramento, California.

With 45.27% of the state's registered voters as of February 2025, the Democratic Party has the highest number of registrants of any political party in California. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the largest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. The party currently controls the majority of California's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Polymnia Athanassiadi
Polymnia Athanassiadi (born 23 September 1946) is a historian specialising in the religious and cultural history of Late Antiquity, in particular the transition from Neoplatonic to Islamic theology. Athanassiadi was a Professor of Ancient History at the University of Athens.

She traveled regularly in the Near and Middle East (from Turkey to Iran) and recorded her journey from Anatolian Turkey to Northern Syria.

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA; Greek: Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Ethnikó kai Kapodistriakó Panepistímio Athinón), simply referred to as the University of Athens (UoA), is a public university in Athens, Greece, with various campuses along the Athens agglomeration.

It has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837 and is the oldest higher education institution of the modern Greek state and the first contemporary university in both the Balkan Peninsula and the Eastern Mediterranean. Today it is one of the largest universities by enrollment in Europe, with over 69,000 registered students.
FC Borjomi
FC Borjomi (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი ბორჯომი) is a Georgian football club based in Borjomi. Following the 2025 season, they were relegated to Liga 4, the fourth tier of the Georgian football system.

The team has spent four seasons in the top flight.

Their home ground is the Jemal Zeinklishvili Stadium.

Football in Georgia (country)
Football is the most popular sport in Georgia. It is governed by the Georgian Football Federation (GFF). Approximately 30% of the Georgian people are interested in football The GFF organises the men's, women's, and futsal national teams.

Georgian Football Federation was established in 1936 and remained a member of the USSR Football Federation from then until 1989. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Football Federation of Independent Georgia was founded on February 15, 1990. It is believed that modern Georgian football was introduced by English sailors who played in Poti at the beginning of the 20th century.