hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 4442
NGC 4442 also known as UGC 7583, is a barred lenticular galaxy, luminous infrared galaxy and active galaxy in the constellation of Virgo. The galaxy is 48 million light years (or 14,720,000 parsecs) away at a spectroscopic redshift z = 0.00117. The galaxy has a visual magnitude of 10.6, which is visible using a telescope with an aperture of 6 inches or more, and it can be observed in both hemispheres during certain times of the year. The galaxy is located in the Virgo Cluster, along with other notable galaxies such as Messier 87 and the Eyes Galaxies. The galaxy was discovered on April 15, 1784 by German-British astronomer, William Herschel.

Luminous infrared galaxy
Luminous infrared galaxies or LIRGs are galaxies with luminosities above 1011 L☉. They are also referred to as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) through their normal method of detection. LIRGs are more abundant than starburst galaxies, Seyfert galaxies and quasi-stellar objects at comparable luminosity. Infrared galaxies emit more energy in the infrared than at all other wavelengths combined. A LIRG's luminosity is 100 billion times that of the Sun.

Galaxies with luminosities above 1012 L☉ are known as ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Galaxies exceeding 1013 L☉ are characterised as hyper-luminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs). Those exceeding 1014 L☉ are extremely luminous infrared galaxies (ELIRGs). Many of the LIRGs and ULIRGs are showing interactions and disruptions. Many of these types of galaxies spawn about 100 new stars a year as compared to the Milky Way which spawns one a year; this helps create the high level of luminosity.
The World's Last Night and Other Essays
The World's Last Night and Other Essays is a collection of essays by C. S. Lewis published in the United States in 1960. The title essay is about the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. The volume also contains a follow-up to Lewis' 1942 novel The Screwtape Letters in the form of "Screwtape Proposes a Toast." The second, fourth and fifth pieces were published in the U.K. in a volume called Screwtape Proposes a Toast and other pieces (1965); the first, sixth and seventh were published in the U.K. in Fern-seed and Elephants and other essays on Christianity (1975). All the pieces were later collected in the comprehensive Essay Collection and Other Short Pieces (2000).

The Screwtape Letters
The Screwtape Letters is a Christian apologetic novel by C. S. Lewis and dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien. It is written in a satirical, epistolary style and, while it is fictional in format, the plot and characters are used to address Christian theological issues, primarily those to do with temptation and resistance to it.

First published in February 1942, the story takes the form of a series of letters from a senior devil, Screwtape, to his nephew, Wormwood, a junior tempter. The uncle's mentorship pertains to the nephew's responsibility in securing the damnation of a British man known only as "the Patient".

By 1999, the novel had 26 English and 15 German editions, with around half a million copies sold.
Taman OUG
Overseas Union Garden, also known as OUG and Taman Overseas Union, is a main township in the Seputeh constituency in south-western Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Situated mainly atop a hill, this township is located along Old Klang Road roughly halfway between Kuala Lumpur and Subang Jaya, and was opened in the mid-1970s.

Jalan Klang Lama
Jalan Klang Lama or Old Klang Road, Selangor State Route B14, formerly part of Federal Route 2 is the oldest and the first major road in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was built before the Federal Highway was built in 1965. The road was constructed by the Federation of Malaya government from 1956 to 1959. The road was opened on 14 January 1959 by the Minister of Public Works, Sardon Jubir. This road passes through two towns, namely Sungai Way and Petaling Jaya.
Bambukic languages
The Bambukic a.k.a. Trans-Benue or Yungur–Jen languages form a proposed branch of the provisional Savanna languages, a reduced form of the Waja–Jen branch of the old Adamawa languages family (G7, G9, G10). They are spoken in north eastern Nigeria. Their unity is not accepted by Güldemann (2018).

Bennett (1983) had also proposed a Trans-Benue group consisting of the Burak-Jen (i.e., Bikwin-Jen), Yungur (i.e., Bena-Mboi), and Tula-Longuda subgroups.

Tula–Waja languages
The Tula–Waja, or Tula–Wiyaa languages are a branch of the provisional Savanna languages, closest to Kam (Nyingwom), spoken in northeastern Nigeria. They are spoken primarily in southeastern Gombe State and other neighbouring states.

They were labeled "G1" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal and later placed in a Waja–Jen branch of that family.

Guldemann (2018) observes significant internal lexical diversity within Tula-Waja, partly as a result of word tabooing accelerating lexical change. Although noun classes have been lost in Dadiya, Maa, and Yebu, Waja and Tula retain complex noun class systems. Kleinewillinghöfer (1996) also observes many morphological similarities between the Tula–Waja and Central Gur languages, a view shared by Bennett (1983) and Bennett & Sterk (1977).
Héctor Moreno
Héctor Alfredo Moreno Herrera (born 17 January 1988) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

Moreno progressed through the youth ranks of Universidad Nacional, making his senior debut in 2006 at the age of 18. In 2007, he transferred to Dutch club AZ Alkmaar, where he won the Eredivisie title. He joined Spanish side Espanyol in 2011 and remained with the team for four seasons before returning to the Netherlands with PSV Eindhoven. Subsequent moves included Roma in Italy, Real Sociedad in Spain, and Al-Gharafa in Qatar. Moreno later returned to Mexico to play for Monterrey, retiring after four years with the club.

Moreno was a member of the Mexico national under-17 team that won the 2005 World Championship held in Peru. He has also represented Mexico at the 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022 FIFA World Cup, as well as the 2011 and 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup, the Copa América Centenario, and the 2013 and 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup.

2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship
The 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, the eleventh edition of the tournament, was held in the cities of Lima, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Piura, and Iquitos in Peru from 16 September to 2 October 2005. Players born after 1 January 1988 could participate in this tournament. Mexico beat favorites and defending champions Brazil 3–0 in the final, winning its first U-17 Championship title.
The Firefly (Fringe)
"The Firefly" is the 10th episode of the third season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe, and the 53rd episode overall. The episode centers on a chain of events created by Walter's crossing over into the parallel universe in 1985 that has had subtle but significant effects in the present. Christopher Lloyd guest-starred as retired rocker Roscoe Joyce.

As the first episode in its new Friday time slot, "The Firefly" aired on January 21, 2011, in the United States to 4.88 million viewers, outperforming the previous episode "Marionette" Thursday night viewership by 18%. Time shifted viewership added 42% in its ratings. It received generally positive reviews, with many praising the storyline as "elegant" and "beautiful."

Walter Bishop (Fringe)
Walter Harold Bishop, Ph.D. is a fictional character on the Fox television series Fringe. He is portrayed by John Noble. Noble also plays Walter's counterpart in the show's parallel universe, who is referred to in the show as Walternate.
Deidre Henderson
Deidre Marie Henderson (born September 4, 1974) is an American politician serving as the ninth lieutenant governor of Utah since January 4, 2021. From 2013 to 2021, she served as a member of the Utah State Senate for District 7, which is based in Spanish Fork, Utah.

Spencer Cox
Spencer James Cox (born July 11, 1975) is an American lawyer and politician serving since 2021 as the 18th governor of Utah. A member of the Republican Party, he served from 2013 to 2021 as the eighth lieutenant governor of Utah. In Fairview, Utah, where Cox lives and was raised, he was elected to the city council in 2004 and then as mayor in 2005. In 2008, he was elected as a Sanpete County commissioner.

He was elected to the Utah House of Representatives in 2012. In October 2013, Governor Gary Herbert appointed Cox to replace Greg Bell as lieutenant governor; he was confirmed unanimously by the Utah State Senate. Cox was elected to the lieutenant governorship as Herbert's running mate in 2016 and was elected governor in 2020. He was reelected in 2024.
Crown Princess Gonghoe
Crown Princess Gonghoe (Korean: 공회빈 윤씨; 11 July 1553 – 14 April 1592), of the Musong Yun clan, sometimes referred to as Yun Gonghoe-bin, was a Joseon crown princess as the wife of Crown Prince Sunhoe, the only son of King Myeongjong and Queen Insun.

Myeongjong of Joseon
Myeongjong (Korean: 명종; Hanja: 明宗; 13 July 1534 – 12 August 1567), personal name Yi Hwan (이환; 李峘), was the 13th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of King Jungjong, born to Queen Munjeong.

He ascended to the throne in 1545 at the age of 12 following the death of his elder half-brother, King Injong. Since he was too young to govern, his mother became regent.
Saber Porto
Saber Porto (formerly Bigmoon Entertainment) is a Portuguese video game developer based in Porto, with additional offices in Sheffield, UK. It was founded in 2008 by Paulo J. Gomes to create video games for PC and consoles, along with animated films and television series like TIC TAC TALES and PIKABOO.

Over the years, Bigmoon transitioned to work exclusively on video games, participating in game projects related to different genres. The company was recognized for being involved in racing games, such as the WRC series, MotoGP13, FlatOut4: Total Insanity, and Dakar 18.

In October 2019, it was announced that Bigmoon Entertainment was acquired by Saber Interactive and renamed Saber Porto. As Saber Porto, in October 2021, the studio participated in the remaster of the Crysis Remastered Trilogy, and in October 2022 launched its first original game as part of Saber Interactive, Dakar Desert Rally.

WRC (video game series)
WRC, short for World Rally Championship, is a rally racing video game series. Licensed from the World Rally Championship organization, games in the series through 2025 were developed by Codemasters and published by EA Sports. EA, who had acquired Codemasters in 2021, opted to suspend further development of the series in April 2025, leading to the WRC organization to license the rights to further WRC games through Nacon by May 2027.

The series is currently developed by Codemasters and published by EA Sports. To date, a total of seventeen main games have been released, with the latest game released on 3 November 2023.
Pontus Farnerud
Hans Pontus Farnerud (born 4 June 1980) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Starting off his professional career with Landskrona BoIS in the late 1990s, he went on to represent Monaco, Strasbourg, Sporting, and Stabaek before finishing up his career at IFK Göteborg in 2013. He won 11 caps for the Sweden national team between 2002 and 2010 and was a squad player for his country at the 2002 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2004.

Stabæk Fotball
Stabæk Fotball is a Norwegian professional football club based in Bærum, a suburb of Oslo. It is part of the multi-sport organization Stabæk IF. Founded in 1912, the club's name is an archaic spelling of the suburban area Stabekk, from which it once originated. The club currently competes in the Norwegian first division, the second tier of Football in Norway. Their home stadium is the Nadderud Stadion after a three-year-long stay at the Telenor Arena. Their current chairman is Espen Moe. Jörgen Wålemark is the current head coach of the club since taking over in December 2024.
Adam Jones (baseball)
Adam LaMarque Jones (born August 1, 1985) is an American former professional baseball center fielder. He played parts of 14 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Baltimore Orioles, and Arizona Diamondbacks and two seasons in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Orix Buffaloes. Internationally, Jones played for the United States, helping the U.S. win the 2017 World Baseball Classic.

The Mariners selected Jones in the first round of the 2003 MLB draft. He came up in the Mariners' minor league system as a shortstop before transitioning to the outfield. He made his MLB debut with the Mariners in 2006 and was traded to the Orioles before the 2008 season. Jones is a five-time MLB All-Star, a four-time Gold Glove Award winner, a Silver Slugger winner, and won the Marvin Miller Man of the Year Award in 2015. He played the most games in center field in Orioles franchise history and competed in three postseasons with the team.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.
Michael DiLeonardo
Michael "Mikey Scars" DiLeonardo (born June 18, 1955) is an American former mobster who rose to the position of caporegime in the Gambino crime family. In the early 2000s, DiLeonardo turned government witness and decided to cooperate with the FBI, who managed to convict over 80 mobsters using his testimony. DiLeonardo testified a record 15 times, more than any other made Mafia member to date.

Alphonse Persico
Alphonse T. Persico, known as Little Allie Boy or just Allie Boy (born February 8, 1954), is an American mobster who served as the official acting boss of the Colombo crime family from 1996 to 2019; he is the son of crime boss Carmine Persico.
Peter Jensen (bishop)
Peter Frederick Jensen (born 11 July 1943) is a retired Australian Anglican bishop, theologian and academic. From 1985 to 2001, he was principal of Moore Theological College. From 2001 to 2013, he was the Archbishop of Sydney and Metropolitan of the Province of New South Wales in the Anglican Church of Australia. He retired on his 70th birthday, 11 July 2013.  In late 2007, Jensen was one of the founding members of the Global Anglican Future Conference (GAFCON), which he served as General Secretary. He stepped down in early 2019 and was succeeded by Benjamin Kwashi, former archbishop of Jos in Nigeria.

Anglican Archbishop of Sydney
The Archbishop of Sydney is the diocesan bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Sydney, Australia and ex officio metropolitan bishop of the ecclesiastical Province of New South Wales.

From 1814 to 1836 the colony of New South Wales was part of the Diocese of Calcutta. In 1836, the Diocese of Australia was formed and the first bishop of Australia enthroned.  By letters patent of 25 June 1847, the Diocese of Australia was split into their four dioceses, one of which being the Diocese of Sydney and its bishop the Bishop of Sydney. The Diocese of Sydney has been led by an archbishop since 1897. Since the first creation of another province within Australia in 1905, the archbishop has also been ex officio metropolitan of the Province of New South Wales.

The archbishop of Sydney is currently assisted by five regional assistant bishops.

On 6 May 2021, Kanishka Raffel, Dean of St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney since 4 February 2016, was elected as the next archbishop.
Jadwiga Orska
Jadwiga Joanna Orska (8 March 1923 – 28 January 2004) was a Polish geologist, petrographer, and specialist in the geology of chemical raw materials deposits, particularly salts. She was the co-discoverer of a deposit of polyhalite salts in the area of the Bay of Puck in the southern Baltic Sea, off the shores of Gdańsk Pomerania, Poland.

Polyhalite
Polyhalite is an evaporite mineral, a hydrated sulfate of potassium, calcium and magnesium with formula: K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2H2O. Polyhalite crystallizes in the triclinic system, although crystals are very rare. The normal habit is massive to fibrous. It is typically colorless, white to gray, although it may be brick red due to iron oxide inclusions. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 and a specific gravity of 2.8.
It is used as a valuable fertilizer.

Polyhalite was first described in 1818 for specimens from its type locality in Salzburg, Austria.
It occurs in sedimentary marine evaporites and is a major potassium ore mineral in the Carlsbad deposits of New Mexico.  It is also present as a 2–3% contaminant of Himalayan salt.
The only deposit currently being mined lies under North Yorkshire, UK, extending under the adjacent North Sea.
The Exile (1947 film)
The Exile  is a 1947 American historical adventure romantic film directed by Max Ophüls, and produced, written by, and starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr. French actress Rita Corday (billed as "Paule Croset") played the romantic interest. According to Robert Osborne, the primary host of Turner Classic Movies, María Montez had a stipulation in her contract that she had to have top billing in any film in which she appeared, so her name comes first in the opening credits, despite her secondary role. The film is based on the 1926 novel His Majesty, the King: A Romantic Love Chase of the Seventeenth Century by Cosmo Hamilton.

Rita Corday
Rita Corday (born Jeanne Paule Teipo-Ite-Marma Croset; October 20, 1920 – November 23, 1992) was an American actress. She appeared in 30 films during the 1940s and 1950s. She was sometimes billed as Paula Corday or Paule Croset.
For the First Time (Black Country, New Road album)
For the First Time (stylised in sentence case) is the debut studio album by the British rock band Black Country, New Road, released on 5 February 2021, through Ninja Tune. It was produced by Andy Savours and recorded in March 2020 during the early stages of the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom. The album includes reworked versions of the band's earlier singles "Athens, France" and "Sunglasses", alongside new material such as the singles "Science Fair" and "Track X".

For the First Time is an experimental rock, post-punk, and post-rock album, blending elements of klezmer, and free jazz. Themes explored on the album include identity, anxiety, and cultural disillusionment. The album received critical acclaim for its dynamic instrumentation, intense performances, and emotionally charged lyrics delivered in Isaac Wood's idiosyncratic vocal style. For the First Time was nominated for the 2021 Mercury Prize and charted in several countries, debuting at No. 4 on the UK Albums Chart.

COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom
A series of stay-at-home orders were introduced by the UK and devolved governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
On 23 March 2020, Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced a nationwide lockdown to curb the widening outbreak of COVID-19. This involved closing many sectors and ordering the public to stay at home. It was an extension of the previous advice to avoid all non-essential contact, which was issued on 16 March 2020. This was incrementally lifted, starting from several weeks later. Similar restrictions were introduced in late 2020 and early 2021 as infections rose. Restrictions applied to certain areas, and then on a larger scale, differing between the four countries of the United Kingdom to which Health is devolved, with the central government being responsible for England.
Felmon Motley
Felmon Devoner Motley (March 18, 1921 – August 28, 2004) was an American football player and civil rights advocate. He played fullback and lineman for the Alabama A&M Bulldogs and the Delaware State Hornets. He was inducted into the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame in 1998.

Alabama A&M Bulldogs football
The Alabama A&M Bulldogs are the college football team representing the Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University. They play in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
Henry Jerome de Salis
Henry Jerome de Salis, DD, FRS, FSA, (20 August 1740 – 2 May 1810) was an English churchman.  He was Rector of St. Antholin in the City of London and Vicar of Wing in Buckinghamshire. He was also known as: Revd Henry Jerome de Salis, MA; the Hon. & Rev. Henry Jerome De Salis, Count of the Holy Roman Empire; Dr. de Salis; Rev. Dr. Henry Jerome de Salis, and, from 1809, Rev. Count Henry Jerome de Salis.

St Antholin, Budge Row
St Antholin, Budge Row, or St Antholin, Watling Street, was a church in the City of London. Of medieval origin, it was rebuilt to the designs of Sir Christopher Wren, following its destruction in the Great Fire of London in 1666. The 17th-century building was demolished in 1874.
Kamlesh Tiwari
Kamlesh Tiwari (16 January 1969 – 18 October 2019) was an Indian politician who founded the Hindu Samaj Party in 2017.

Azam Khan, a politician from the Samajwadi Party, responded to Union finance minister Arun Jaitley's statements in support of decriminalization of homosexuality, by labelling members of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh as "homosexuals". Tiwari retaliated with comments about Islam's prophet Muhammad, which were considered derogatory by Indian Muslims, who protested, with some people calling for beheading Tiwari.

Tiwari was subsequently arrested, charged under the National Security Act, and jailed for a few months by the Uttar Pradesh Police, before his release and subsequent murder in October 2019. Thirteen people were charged by the UP police in relation to the killing: 8 have been charged for murder and conspiracy, and the other 5 for harboring the killers and concealing evidence. The main accused, Syed Asim Ali, was granted bail by the Supreme Court on 25 July 2024.

Decriminalization of homosexuality
Decriminalization of homosexuality is the repeal of laws criminalizing same-sex acts between multiple men or multiple women. It has taken place in most of the world, except much of Africa and the Muslim world.
William Gunning (Gaelic footballer)
William Gunning (1864 - 16 November 1895) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His championship career with the Limerick senior team lasted three seasons from 1887 until 1889.

Gunning first played competitive Gaelic football with the Commercials club, winning three successive county senior championship medals between 1887 and 1889.

Gunning made his inter-county debut during the 1887 championship when the Commercials club represented Limerick in the inaugural championship. He won his sole All-Ireland medal that year as Limerick defeated Louth in the final.

Gunning died from typhoid fever on 16 November 1895.

1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship is the first edition of GAA's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament, played between 12 counties of Ireland. The tournament featured club teams who represented their respective counties after their county championship. The 21 a-side final was between Commercials of Limerick and Young Irelands of Louth. The final was played in Beech Hill, Donnybrook on April 29, 1888, with Commercials winning by 1–4 to 0–3. Unlike later All-Irelands, there were no provincial championships and it was an open draw.