hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gold-containing drugs
Gold-containing drugs are pharmaceuticals that contain gold.  Sometimes these species are referred to as "gold salts".  "Chrysotherapy" and "aurotherapy" are the applications of gold compounds to medicine.  Research on the medicinal effects of gold began in 1935, primarily to reduce inflammation and to slow disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The use of gold compounds has decreased since the 1980s because of numerous side effects and monitoring requirements, limited efficacy, and very slow onset of action.  Most chemical compounds of gold, including some of the drugs discussed below, are not salts, but are examples of metal thiolate complexes.

In the modern period research has increased on gold nanoparticles which has applications in diagnostics, drug delivery and various therapies.

Colloidal gold
Colloidal gold is a sol or colloidal suspension of nanoparticles of gold in a fluid, usually water. The colloid is coloured usually either wine red (for spherical particles less than 100 nm) or blue-purple (for larger spherical particles or nanorods).
Due to their optical, electronic, and molecular-recognition properties, gold nanoparticles are the subject of substantial research, with many potential or promised applications in a wide variety of areas, including electron microscopy, electronics, nanotechnology, materials science, and biomedicine.

The properties of colloidal gold nanoparticles, and thus their potential applications, depend strongly upon their size and shape. For example, rodlike particles have both a transverse and longitudinal absorption peak, and anisotropy of the shape affects their self-assembly.
Cabeceiras de Basto
Cabeceiras de Basto (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐβɨˈsɐjɾɐʒ ðɨ ˈβaʃtu] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Braga in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 16,710, in an area of 241.82 km².

The municipality borders the municipality of Montalegre to the north, Boticas to the northeast, Ribeira de Pena to the east, Mondim de Basto to the southeast, Celorico de Basto to the south, Fafe to the west and Vieira do Minho to the northwest.

The present mayor is Francisco Alves, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is September 29.

Braga District
Braga District (Portuguese: Distrito de Braga [ˈbɾaɣɐ] ⓘ) is a district in the northwest of Portugal. The district capital is the city of Braga, and it is bordered by the district of Viana do Castelo in the north, Vila Real in the east, Galicia (a Spanish autonomous community) in the northeast and Porto in the south. Its area is 2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi) and it has a population of 831,368. It takes its name from the Bracarii, a Celtic tribe.
First Presbyterian Church (Birmingham, Alabama)
First Presbyterian Church is an historic church at 2100 4th Avenue, North in Birmingham, Alabama.  It was built in 1888 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
It is a member of the Presbytery of Sheppards & Lapsley.

Presbytery of Sheppards and Lapsley
The Presbytery of Sheppards and Lapsley is an administrative district of the Presbyterian Church (USA) which comprises some 64 churches (2022) in central Alabama. The Presbytery of Sheppards and Lapsley is one of three presbyteries located in Alabama, and one of twelve comprising the "Synod of Living Waters" in Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky. The Presbytery of Sheppards and Lapsley was established on January 11, 1988, at the First Presbyterian Church of Selma as a merger of several presbyteries from the former Presbyterian Church in the United States and United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, the national bodies of which merged in 1983 to form the present PC (USA). PSL's headquarters are located at 3603 Lorna Ridge Drive in Hoover.

The Presbytery operates two retreat centers, the Gulftreat camp in Panama City Beach, Florida and Living River, a retreat on the Cahaba River south of Birmingham.
Oloan Hutapea
Bismarck Oloan Hutapea, also known as B. O. Hutapea (born 1920s?, died in the Blitar area in 1968), was a high-ranking member of the Indonesian Communist Party and one of its major theoreticians during the height of its power, and was leader of a clandestine wing of the party in 1967-8 during the Transition to the New Order.

Communist Party of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, Indonesian pronunciation: ['partaɪ koˈmunɪs indo'nesija], PKI, [ˈpekai̯]) was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. At the time, it was the largest communist party in the world after the Chinese and Soviet communist parties.

During most of the period immediately following the Indonesian Independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country. Accused of responsibility for the 1965 army-led coup attempt, the party was banned by General Suharto in March 1966 and its members were violently purged.
Thorne system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system of plant classification was devised by the American botanist Robert F. Thorne (1920–2015) in 1968, and he continued to issue revisions over many years (1968–2007).

Some versions of the system are available online. The Bioinformatics Working Group Center for the Study of Digital Libraries at Texas A&M University lists the March 1999 version (and other classification systems). James Reveal's course lecture notes (1999) also gives an account of the Thorne system at that time, with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system together with several other classification systems.

For a discussion of the various suffixes used for superorders (-florae vs. -anae), see Brummitt 1992, and Thorne 1992. In this latter paper, Thorne sets out his reasons for abandoning -florae for -anae, following contemporary practice.

Robert Folger Thorne
Robert F. Thorne (July 13, 1920 – March 24, 2015) was an American botanist.  He was taxonomist and curator emeritus at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and professor emeritus at Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, California. His research has contributed to the understanding of the evolution of flowering plants.
Dapéoua
Dapéoua is a town in south-western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Buyo Department in Nawa Region, Bas-Sassandra District.

The south-western third of the sub-prefecture is located in Taï National Park.

Dapéoua was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Dapéoua was 80,658.

Buyo Department
Buyo Department is a department of Nawa Region in Bas-Sassandra District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 176,568 and its seat is the settlement of Buyo. The sub-prefectures of the department are Buyo and Dapéoua.
James L. F. Cottrell
James La Fayette Cottrell (August 25, 1808 – September 7, 1885) was a U.S. representative from Alabama.

Born near King William, Virginia, Cottrell completed preparatory studies.
He studied law.
He was admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice in Hayneville, Alabama.
He served as member of the Alabama House of Representatives in 1834, 1836, and 1837.
He served in the State senate 1838-1841, and was president of that body in 1840.

Cottrell was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William L. Yancey and served from December 7, 1846, to March 3, 1847.
He moved to Florida in 1854.
He served in the Florida Senate in 1865–1885.
He was appointed collector of customs at Cedar Keys, Florida, and served until his death in that city September 7, 1885.
He was interred in Old Town Cemetery, Old Town, Florida.

Hayneville, Alabama
Hayneville is a town in Lowndes County, Alabama, United States and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, Hayneville had a population of 830. It is also part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Area. It initially incorporated in 1831, but lapsed, finally reincorporating in 1967. Before 1970, the town appeared only twice on the U.S. Census: in 1850 and 1890. The 1850 estimate of 800 residents ranked it as the largest town in the county at the time.

Located in the fertile Black Belt region, Hayneville was the county seat in a plantation economy after Native Americans were removed that used slave labor for cotton production. The town was later a railway terminus and home to the Hayneville Railway Company, which was organized in 1903. Two years later, the company was reorganized as the Hayneville & Montgomery Railroad Company and provided connections for shipping with the L&N Railroad Company's tracks.
Raio Palace
The Palace of Raio (Portuguese: Palácio do Raio) is a Baroque era residence in the urbanized area of the municipality of Braga, in the civil parish of São José de São Lázaro. It is an example of the late Baroque, early Rococo style of decoration by Portuguese architect André Soares, notable for his influence in the northern Baroque movement.

André Soares (architect)
André Soares Ribeiro da Silva, more commonly known as André Soares (30 November 1720 – 26 November 1769) was a leading Portuguese sculptor and architect active in Northern Portugal during the 18th century.

Born in Braga, most of his work is found in and around this city. As a sculptor, he was responsible for designing the gilt woodwork (talha dourada) altarpieces of the Monastery of Tibães. Outside Braga, his work as an architect include the audacious Falperra Church (with a heptagonal floorplan), the Santos Passos Church in Guimarães and the Church of Our Lady of Lapa in Arcos de Valdevez, while in Braga he designed the Braga Town Hall, the Palácio do Raio, the Congregados Church, the Arco da Porta Nova (City Gate) among many other structures.

The work of André Soares is characterised by the exuberant decoration and the use of Rococo forms influenced by contemporary Northern European art.
Santa Claus and His Old Lady
"Santa Claus and His Old Lady" is a bit by Cheech and Chong, one of their best-known comedy routines. It was the duo's first single.

"Santa Claus and His Old Lady" did not appear on the duo's eponymous debut album, although the B-side, "Dave", did.

Cheech & Chong
Cheech & Chong are a comedy duo founded in Vancouver and consisting of American Cheech Marin and Canadian Tommy Chong. The duo found commercial and cultural success in the 1970s and 1980s with their stand-up routines, studio recordings, and feature films, which were based on the hippie and free love era, the drug and counterculture movements, and their love for cannabis.
Mitsuyo Seo
Mitsuyo Seo (瀬尾 光世, Seo Mitsuyo; 26 September 1911 – 24 August 2010) was a Japanese animator, screenwriter, and director of animated films who played a central role in the development of Japanese anime.

Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka
Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka (力と女の世の中; lit. "Within the World of Power and Women" or "The World of Power and Women") is a 1933 anime short film by Kenzō Masaoka and the first Japanese anime of any type to feature voiceovers. The film was released in black and white. There are no known prints of this film available, and it is considered a lost film.

Chikara was listed as one of the "Best of Best" by the 12th Japan Media Arts Festival.
Kfar Sirkin
Kfar Sirkin or Kefar Syrkin (Hebrew: כְּפַר סִירְקִין, lit. Village Sirkin) is a moshav in central Israel. Located south-east of Petah Tikva, it falls under the jurisdiction of Drom HaSharon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,519.

Drom HaSharon Regional Council
The Drom HaSharon Regional Council (Hebrew: מוֹעָצָה אֲזוֹרִית דְּרוֹם הַשָׁרוֹן, romanized: Mo'atza Azorit Drom HaSharon, lit. 'Southern Sharon Regional Council') is a regional council located partly in the Sharon region and partly in the Central Coastal Plain region of the Central District of Israel. The council's headquarters are located on Highway 40 near Neve Yarak.
Birdman and Chicken
Birdman and Chicken was a British comic strip published in Krazy from 1977 until 1978 and drawn by Trevor Metcalfe. It concerned the (mis)adventures of the superhero 'Birdman' and his not-so-bright sidekick 'Chicken', who was nicknamed 'The Boy Blunder'. The title and stories were a parody of Batman.

It ran in the issues of Krazy from 11 December 1976 to 25 June 1977 and 9 July 1977 to 15 April 1978, as well as the Krazy Annuals from 1978-1985. The only edition which was not illustrated by Metcalfe was The Bookworm Browser two-parter (10, 17 December 1977), which was illustrated by Thomas Williams.

Trevor Metcalfe
Trevor Metcalfe (born May 1939 in Brotton, Yorkshire) is a British illustrator and comic book artist known for his comic strips in IPC Magazines comics such as Sweet Tooth and Junior Rotter in Whizzer and Chips.

Influences include Leo Baxendale, Reg Parlett and Walt Disney.
Gordon, Douglas County, Wisconsin
Gordon is a town in Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 645 at the 2000 census. The census-designated place of Gordon is located in the town. It was historically known as "Amick" (Amik), meaning beaver, indicating the town's significant fur-trading post alongside the Eau Claire River. The area was then called "Gordon" after half-French, half-Ojibwe pioneer and founder Antoine Gordon, who set up his convenience store and eventual commune next to the canoe stop and served as a landmark and rest stop for those traveling by.

Gordon (CDP), Wisconsin
Gordon is an unincorporated, census-designated place, located in the town of Gordon, Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 145 as of the 2020 census, down from 176 at the 2010 census.
Mother Clap's Molly House
Mother Clap's Molly House is a 2001 play by Mark Ravenhill with music by Matthew Scott.  It is based on an essay in the book of the same name by Rictor Norton.

The play is a black comedy and explores the diversity of human sexuality. It is set partly in London of the 18th century, where the molly house of Mother Clap caters to the gay subculture, and partly in 2001, at a party organized by a group of gay men. It was first performed in September 2001 at the National Theatre's Lyttelton Theatre.  The play was directed by Nicholas Hytner, produced by Phil Cameron, the sets were designed by Giles Cadle and the costumes by Nicky Gillibrand.  Among the premiere cast were Dominic Cooper and Con O’Neill.

Mark Ravenhill
Mark Ravenhill (born 7 June 1966) is an English playwright, actor and journalist.

Ravenhill is one of the most widely performed playwrights in British theatre of the late-twentieth and twenty-first centuries. His major plays include Shopping and Fucking (first performed in 1996), Some Explicit Polaroids (1999), Mother Clap's Molly House (2000), The Cut (2006), Shoot Get Treasure Repeat (2007) and The Cane (2018).

In 1999 he was one of the recipients of the V Europe Prize Theatrical Realities awarded to the Royal Court Theatre (with Sarah Kane, Jez Butterworth, Conor McPherson, Martin McDonagh).

He made his professional acting debut in his own monologue Product, at the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
Transmodel
Transmodel, also known as Reference Data Model For Public Transport (EN 12896), is a European Standard for modelling and exchanging public transport information. It provides a standard data model and specialised data structures to uniformly represent common public transport concepts, facilitating the use of data in a wide variety of public transport information systems, including for timetabling, fares, operational management, real-time data, and journey planning.

As of 2021, the current version of Transmodel is 6.0.

Industry standard data model
An industry standard data model, or simply standard data model, is a data model that is widely used in a particular industry. The use of standard data models  makes the exchange of information easier and faster because it allows heterogeneous organizations to share an agreed vocabulary, semantics, format, and quality standard for data. Organizations may save time and expense by using pre-existing data models instead of developing them in-house, although the process of making data conform to external models can also be a hindrance.

Standards are often defined by standards bodies or technology companies.

Most models use the relational model of database management, but some use the hierarchical model, especially those used in manufacturing or those mandated by governments, such as models specified by DIN codes in Germany.
Vermont Route 73
Vermont Route 73 (VT 73) is a 36.674-mile-long (59.021 km) east–west state highway in central Vermont, United States. It extends from VT 74 in Shoreham in the west to VT 100 in Rochester in the east. The route runs through parts of Addison, Rutland, and Windsor counties. The portion of VT 73 west of VT 22A is town-maintained and internally designated by VTrans as Major Collector 156 while the remainder of VT 73 is maintained by the state.

Rutland County, Vermont
Rutland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,572, making it the second-most populous county in Vermont. Its county seat and most populous municipality is the city of Rutland.
Chionoecetes bairdi
Chionoecetes bairdi is a species of snow crab, alternatively known as bairdi crab and tanner crab.  C. bairdi is closely related to Chionoecetes opilio, and it can be difficult to distinguish C. opilio from C. bairdi. Both species are found in the Bering Sea and are sold commercially under the name "snow crab." Tanner crabs have suffered from overfishing and as a result strict controls have been placed on tanner crab fisheries. It was named by Mary Jane Rathbun, a Smithsonian employee who became one of the leading authorities on crab taxonomy. She named the crab for Spencer Baird, her mentor, who in the 1880s as Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and head of the United States Fish Commission, had given her her first position.

Mary J. Rathbun
Mary Jane Rathbun (June 11, 1860 – April 4, 1943) was an American zoologist who specialized in crustaceans. She worked at the Smithsonian Institution from 1884 until her death. She described more than a thousand new species and subspecies and many higher taxa.
Bengal Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital
Bengal Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital is a homeopathic medical college in Asansol West Bengal, India. it was established in 1980. It offers the Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery (BHMS) degree course. This college is recognized by the National Commission for Homoeopathy (NCH), Ministry of Ayush and affiliated with the West Bengal University of Health Sciences.

Homeopathy was introduced in India the early 19th century. It flourished in Bengal at first, and then spread all over India. In the beginning, the system was extensively practiced by amateurs in the civil and military services and others. Mahendra Lal Sircar was the first Indian who became a homeopathic physician.

Asansol
Asansol is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the second largest city in West Bengal. It is the 33rd largest urban agglomeration in India by population. Asansol is the district headquarters of Paschim Bardhaman district. According to a 2010 report released by the International Institute for Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research non-governmental body, Asansol was ranked 11th among Indian cities and 42nd in the world in its list of 100 fastest-growing cities. Asansol is classed as a Y-category city for calculation of HRA (House Rent Allowance) for public servants (rate 16%) making it a "Tier-II" city.
Piedecuesta
Piedecuesta (Spanish pronunciation: [pjeðeˈkwesta], officially Villa de San Carlos del Pie de la Cuesta) is a city and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia, South America. The city has a population of about 150,000. It is part of the metropolitan zone of Bucaramanga, which is the fifth largest urban area of Colombia by population.

Santander Department
Santander (Spanish pronunciation: [santanˈdeɾ]) is a department of Colombia. Santander inherited the name of one of the nine original states of the United States of Colombia. It is located in the central northern part of the country, borders the Magdalena River to the east, Boyacá to the south and southeast, the Norte de Santander Department to the northeast, the Cesar Department to the north, the Bolivar and Antioquia Departments to the west. Its capital is the city of Bucaramanga.
Big Bang (novel)
Big Bang is a 2019 novel by American writer David Bowman, published almost seven years after his death. The introduction is by Jonathan Lethem and was excerpted in The New Yorker. It is Bowman's fourth book and the only one not published in his lifetime. Bowman worked on it for more than a decade.  Its working title was Tall Cool One.

The novel is set in the 1950s and early 1960s, and includes fictionalized versions of John F. Kennedy, Norman Mailer, Pat Nixon, E. Howard Hunt, Carl Djerassi, Marilyn Monroe, Willem de Kooning, Ngo Dinh Diem, a pre-fame Jimi Hendrix, Lee Radziwill, Benjamin Spock, and other politicians, writers, celebrities, and notables of the era.  Bowman had referred to Big Bang as a "nonfiction novel."

David Bowman (writer)
David Bowman (December 8, 1957 – February 27, 2012) was an American writer. He published two novels and one book of music criticism before his death in 2012, at age 54. A third novel, Big Bang, was published on January 15, 2019, by Little, Brown and Company. Bowman also wrote for Salon.
Schoof–Elkies–Atkin algorithm
The Schoof–Elkies–Atkin algorithm (SEA) is an algorithm used for finding the order of or calculating the number of points on an elliptic curve over a finite field. Its primary application is in elliptic curve cryptography. The algorithm is an extension of Schoof's algorithm by Noam Elkies and A. O. L. Atkin to significantly improve its efficiency (under heuristic assumptions).

Noam Elkies
Noam David Elkies (born August 25, 1966) is a professor of mathematics at Harvard University. At age 26, he became the youngest professor to receive tenure at Harvard. He is also a pianist, chess national master, and chess composer.
Dromore, County Down
Dromore (from Irish Droim Mór, meaning 'large ridge') is a small market town and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies within the local government district of Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon. It is 19 miles (31 km) southwest of Belfast, on the A1 Belfast–Dublin road. The 2021 census recorded a population of 6,492.

The town's centre is Market Square, which has a rare set of stocks. It is in the old linen manufacturing district. Dromore has the remains of a castle and earthworks, although these have modern buildings surrounding them, a large motte and bailey or encampment (known locally as "the Mound"), and an earlier earthwork known as the Priest's Mount on the Maypole Hill.

A1 road (Northern Ireland)
The A1 is a major route in Northern Ireland. It runs from Belfast via Lisburn and Banbridge to the border with the Republic of Ireland south of Newry, from where the road continues to Dublin, becoming the N1 road and M1 motorway. Between Sprucefield and Carrickcarnan the road forms part of the European route E01.