hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
XIX Army Corps (Spain)
The XIX Army Corps was a military formation of the People's Army of the Republic that fought during the Spanish Civil War. Located on the Teruel Front, it took part in the Teruel and Levante campaigns.

Battle of Teruel
The Battle of Teruel was fought in and around the city of Teruel during the Spanish Civil War between December 1937 and February 1938, during the worst Spanish winter in 20 years. The battle was one of the bloodiest actions of the war, with the city changing hands several times by first falling to the Republicans and eventually being retaken by the Nationalists. In the course of the fighting, Teruel was subjected to heavy artillery and aerial bombardment. In the two-month battle, both factions together took 110,000 casualties.

With his superiority in men and material, the Nationalist leader Francisco Franco regained Teruel. This battle became the military turning point of the war.
Ko Chun-hsiung
Ko Chun-hsiung (Chinese: 柯俊雄; pinyin: Kē Jùnxióng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Koa Chùn-hiông; 15 January 1945 – 6 December 2015) was a Taiwanese actor, director and politician. He had been acting since the 1960s and had appeared in more than 200 films.

His career accolades included three Golden Horse Awards, two Asia Pacific Film Festival Awards for Best Actor, a Panama International Film Festival Award for Best Actor. In 2005, Chinese Film Association of Performance Art named Ko on the list of 100 Outstanding Artists in Chinese Film (1905 - 2004).

Asia-Pacific Film Festival
The Asia-Pacific Film Festival (abbreviated APFF) is an annual film festival hosted by the Federation of Motion Picture Producers in Asia-Pacific (FPA). The festival was first held in Tokyo, Japan, in 1954.
Florin Oprea
Florin Oprea (2 January 1948 – 23 April 2024) was a Romanian footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He was part of "U" Craiova's team that won the 1973–74 Divizia A, which was the first trophy in the club's history.

Robert Cosmoc
Robert "Puiu" Cosmoc (17 July 1931 – 11 December 1997) was a Romanian professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Flacăra Ploiești and Jiul Petroșani. After retirement, Cosmoc was a respectable football manager, managing for years in the Divizia A and obtaining notable results with clubs such as: Farul Constanța, Bihor Oradea, Progresul Brăila, CSM Suceava or Rapid București. Cosmoc was also the assistant manager of the Romania national football team in the tenure of Valentin Stănescu.

Former CSM Suceava player, Relu Buliga, described Cosmoc in an interview given in 2017:"Nea Puiu Cosmoc was a calm guy with a strong voice and a style based on the long diagonal pass".
Peringalam Assembly constituency
Peringalam State Assembly constituency was one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India, before the 2008 delimitation of constituencies. It was one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Vatakara Lok Sabha constituency until the 2008 delimitation. The last election to the constituency was conducted in  2006, and the MLA was K. P. Mohanan of JD(S).

After the delimitation in 2008, Kariyad, Kunnothuparamba, Mokeri, Panoor, Pattiom, Peringalam, and Thrippangottur Gram Panchayats became a part of Kuthuparamba Assembly constituency, whereas Chokli and Panniyannur were added to Thalassery Assembly constituency.

2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
The 2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, part of a series of state assembly elections in 2006, was held in three phases. The first phase was held on 22 April 2006, when 59 out of the 140 constituencies in Kerala voted. The second was held on 29 April for the 66 constituencies in central Kerala. The last phase of polling for the remaining 15 constituencies was on 3 May 2006. The counting was conducted on 11 May 2006.

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) -led Left Democratic Front beat the incumbent Indian National Congress-led United Democratic Front by a margin of 56 seats. V. S. Achuthanandan, who led the CPI(M) was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Kerala on 18 May 2006.
Alajeró
Alajeró is a municipality on the island of La Gomera in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands. It is located on the south coast, SW of the capital San Sebastián de la Gomera. As well as being a municipality, Alajeró is also the name of the administrative town that governs that municipality.

The valleys (barrancos) and Atlantic coastal strip are used for arable farming, with mountains and hills in the north covered by forest and scrub/grassland used for grazing sheep and goats.

San Sebastián de La Gomera
San Sebastián de La Gomera is the capital and a municipality of La Gomera in the Canary Islands, Spain. It also hosts the main harbour. The population was 9,584 in 2023, and the area is 113.59 square kilometres (43.86 sq mi).

The port serves ferry routes to the islands of Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. Streets include Calle Real and F. Olsen. A bus station named Estación de Guaguas is used for bus lines throughout the island; it is located on Avenida Del Quinto Centenario.
Short Circuit (TV series)
Short Circuit is a series of American independent animated short films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios. Similar to the SparkShorts program launched at sister animation studio Pixar, the series is a program in which the employees pitch their ideas for a short and work with fellow employees to create the short if selected, and is meant to take risks in both visual styles and storytelling.

The shorts were released exclusively on Disney+ on January 24, 2020. A second cycle of animated shorts premiered on August 4, 2021.

SparkShorts
SparkShorts is a series of American independent animated short films produced by Pixar Animation Studios. It consists of a program in which Pixar's employees are given six months and limited budgets to develop animated short films that were originally released on Pixar's YouTube channel, and later on Disney+.

Producer Lindsey Collins confirmed that SparkShorts replaced the need to pair short films with theatrical films; admitting that she felt "torn" over the decision.

Purl, the first short of the SparkShorts program, was released at SIGGRAPH on August 14, 2018, while the next two shorts, Smash and Grab and Kitbull, were both given a limited release at the El Capitan Theater on January 8, 2019, alongside the former. Purl was officially released on February 4, 2019, on YouTube while Smash and Grab and Kitbull were released on February 11 and 18, respectively. Subsequent shorts were released on November 12, 2019, on Disney+, beginning with Float, rather than on YouTube.
M current
M current is a type of noninactivating potassium current first discovered in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells.

The M-channel is a voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv7/KCNQ family) that is named after the receptor it is influenced by. The M-channel is important in raising the threshold for firing an action potential. It is unique because it is open at rest and even more likely to be open during depolarization. Furthermore, when the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (MAChR) is activated, the channel closes. The M-channel is a PIP2-regulated ion channel. Kv7 channels have a prominent expression throughout the brain.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-receptor stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic fibers. They are mainly found in the parasympathetic nervous system, but also have a role in the sympathetic nervous system in the control of sweat glands.

Muscarinic receptors are so named because they are more sensitive to muscarine than to nicotine. Their counterparts are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), receptor ion channels that are also important in the autonomic nervous system. Many drugs and other substances (for example pilocarpine and scopolamine) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective agonists or antagonists.
Val di Mazara wine
Val di Mazara wine refers to wines produced in the Val di Mazara, one of Sicily’s three historical administrative valleys, covering much of the island’s western half. The area includes the historic fortified wine Marsala, the UNESCO-recognised bush-vine cultivation of Pantelleria, and a concentration of DOC appellations that reflect the region’s diverse climates, soils and wine styles.

Pantelleria
Pantelleria (Italian: [pantelleˈriːa]; Sicilian: Pantiḍḍirìa [pandɪɖɖɪˈɾiːa]), known in ancient times as Cossyra or Cossura, is an Italian island and comune in the Strait of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea, 106 kilometres (55 nautical miles) southwest of Sicily and 68 km (35 nmi) east of the Tunisian coast. On clear days Tunisia is visible from the island. Administratively Pantelleria's comune belongs to the Sicilian province of Trapani.

According to the Italian National Institute of Statistics, the population of Pantelleria was 7,335 in 2022.
Deanery of Savoy
The Deanery of Savoy, also known as the Archpriestship of Savoy and formerly the Deanery of Saint-André, was a Catholic administrative district encompassing most parishes of the former County of Savoy. It was one of four subdivisions of the Diocese of Grenoble. Its establishment date is unknown.

The deanery's seat was in Saint-André, located in what is now the commune of Les Marches, which was abandoned in the 13th century after a landslide on Mount Granier. In 1779, it was reorganized into the Diocese of Chambéry.

Diocese of Grenoble-Vienne
The Diocese of Grenoble–Vienne-les-Allobroges (Latin: Diocesis Gratianopolitana–Viennensis Allobrogum; Latin: Diocèse de Grenoble–Vienne-les-Allobroges) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in south-eastern France. The diocese, erected in the 4th century as the Diocese of Grenoble, comprises the department of Isère and the former canton of Villeurbanne (Rhône), in the Region of Rhône-Alpes. In 2006, the name was changed from the diocese of Grenoble to the diocese of Grenoble–Vienne. The current bishop is Jean-Marc Eychenne, appointed on 14 September 2022.
Ollie Allsopp
Oliver "Ollie" Allsopp (born 13 June 1998) is an English professional rugby union player for Hartpury University in the Champ Rugby.He plays as a centre or fly-half.  He previously played for Harlequins, London Scottish in the RFU Championship, Luctonians and Birmingham Moseley

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.
Packet Radio Van
The Packet Radio Van was a GMC Value-Van refitted by Don Cone at SRI International, and equipped with technology that was used in the first two-way internetworked transmission on August 27, 1976, and the first three-way internetworked transmission on November 22, 1977, the latter of which is considered the start of the Internet.

Internetworking
Internetworking is the practice of interconnecting multiple computer networks.: 169  Typically, this enables any pair of hosts in the connected networks to exchange messages irrespective of their hardware-level networking technology. The resulting system of interconnected networks is called an internetwork, or simply an internet.

The most notable example of internetworking is the Internet, a network of networks based on many underlying hardware technologies. The Internet is defined by a unified global addressing system, packet format, and routing methods provided by the Internet Protocol.: 103

The term internetworking is a combination of the components inter (between) and networking. An earlier term for an internetwork is catenet, a short-form of (con)catenating networks.
Guan De
Guan De (Chinese: 管德; 12 July 1932 – 9 January 2018) was a Chinese aeroelasticity engineer and aircraft designer. He participated in the design and development of the Shenyang JJ-1 jet trainer and the Shenyang J-8 and J8-II interceptors. He served as Chief Engineer and Vice President of Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Deputy Director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and professor of Beihang University. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Civil Aviation Administration of China
The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) is the civil aviation authority of the People's Republic of China, under the Ministry of Transport. It oversees civil aviation and investigates aviation accidents and incidents. It is headquartered in Dongcheng, Beijing.

Before Deng Xiaoping's reform of separation of government and enterprise, the agency operated the CAAC Airlines with monopoly status from 1953 to 1987.
Adelaide L. T. Douglas House
The Adelaide L. T. Douglas House is a historic building located at 57 Park Avenue between East 37th and 38th streets in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Designed by architect Horace Trumbauer, the six-story building was constructed from 1909 to 1911 as a residence for Mrs. Adelaide Townsend Douglas. The house was later converted to offices and serves as the permanent mission of Guatemala to the United Nations.

Park Avenue
Park Avenue is a boulevard in New York City that carries north and southbound traffic in the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. For most of the road's length in Manhattan, it runs parallel to Madison Avenue to the west and Lexington Avenue to the east. Park Avenue's entire length was formerly called Fourth Avenue; the title still applies to the section between Cooper Square and 14th Street. The avenue is called Union Square East between 14th and 17th streets, and Park Avenue South between 17th and 32nd streets.
Anton Dunckern
Anton Leonhard Dunckern (29 June 1905 – 9 December 1985) was a German lawyer and Nazi Party member. He joined the SS and rose to the rank of SS-Brigadeführer. During the Second World War, he commanded the German security police and SS intelligence service in Lorraine. As the SS and police leader in Metz, he was taken prisoner when the city was liberated by the Allies. He was tried as a war criminal in France in 1953 and received a sentence of 20 years at hard labor but obtained an early release.

Brigadeführer
Brigadeführer (German: [bʁiˈɡaːdəfyːʁɐ], lit. 'brigade leader') was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between 1932 and 1945.  It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as Untergruppenführer in late 1929 and 1930.
Eberts Field
Eberts Field is a former military airfield, located 1.4 miles (2.3 km) northwest of  Lonoke, Arkansas. The airfield was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established in 1917 after the United States entry into World War I.

It operated as a training field during  World War I for the Air Service, United States Army between 1917 until 1919.  The airfield was also used as a contract glider training airfield during World War II by the United States Army Air Forces, being closed in 1943.

Today the land is used in aquaculture.

United States Army World War I Flight Training
With the purchase of its first airplane, built and successfully flown by Orville and Wilbur Wright, in 1909 the United States Army began the training of flight personnel.  This article describes the training provided in those early years, though World War I, and the immediate years after the war until the establishment of the United States Army Air Corps Flight Training Center in San Antonio, Texas during 1926.
Kurt Martin
Kurt Martin (31 January 1899 – 27  January 1975) was a German art historian. His career began in 1927 as curator of the Baden State Museum Karlsruhe. From 1934 to 1956, he was director of the Staatlichen Kunsthalle Karlsruhe (National Art Gallery Karlsruhe). In 1940 he was appointed Head of the  Municipal Museums of Strasbourg as well as Chief Commissioner of the Alsatian Museums. In 1956 he  became Director of the  Karlsruher Kunstakademie (Academy of Art Karlsruhe), and in 1957 General  Director of the Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen (Bavarian State Painting Collection). He was also a professor of art history.

Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
The Staatliche Kunsthalle (State Art Gallery) is an fine art museum in Karlsruhe, Germany. Its collection consists of works by mainly German, French, Flemish and Dutch masters from the past eight centuries. The museum was conceived in the early 19th century by Heinrich Hübsch as a “Gesamtkunstwerk” combining architecture, painting and sculpture to house the collection of the Grand Duke of Baden.

The Kunsthalle Karlsruhe was one of the first museum buildings in Germany and is one of the very few to have largely retained its original design.
Dingman River
The Dingman River is the name for a portion of the Intermediate River in Antrim County, Michigan. The Dingman River flows 2.7 miles (4.3 km) from Scotts Lake northwest to Sixmile Lake, entirely within Echo Township. Via the Elk River Chain of Lakes, water from the Dingman River flows to Grand Traverse Bay on Lake Michigan.

Elk River Chain of Lakes Watershed
The Elk River Chain of Lakes Watershed, commonly known as the Chain of Lakes, is a 75-mile-long (121 km) waterway consisting of numerous lakes and connecting rivers in the northwestern Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The watershed empties via the Elk River in Elk Rapids into the East Arm of Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan.

The watershed includes 500 square miles (1,300 km2) in Antrim, Charlevoix, Grand Traverse, and Kalkaska counties. The watershed includes a series of 14 lakes and interconnecting rivers. From the uppermost lake in the chain, Beals Lake in Echo Township, Antrim County, the water flows 55 miles (89 km) and drops 40 feet (12 m) in elevation. It has over 200 miles (320 km) of shoreline and almost 60 square miles (160 km2) of water surface area.
Somali aristocratic and court titles
This is a list of Somali aristocratic and court titles that were historically used by the Somali people's various sultanates, kingdoms and empires. Also included are the honorifics reserved for Islamic notables as well as traditional leaders and officials within Somali customary law (xeer), in addition to the nobiliary particles set aside for distinguished individuals.

Nobiliary particle
A nobiliary particle is a type of onomastic particle used in a surname or family name in many Western cultures to signal the nobility of a family. The particle used varies depending on the country, language and period of time. In some languages, it is the same as a regular prepositional particle that was used in the creation of many surnames. In some countries, it became customary to distinguish the nobiliary particle from the regular one by a different spelling, although in other countries these conventions did not arise, occasionally resulting in ambiguity. The nobiliary particle can often be omitted in everyday speech or certain contexts.
Slave-making ant
Slave-making ants or slaver ants are brood parasites that capture broods of other ant species to increase the worker force of their colony. After emerging in the slave-maker nest, slave workers work as if they were in their own colony, while parasite workers only concentrate on replenishing the labor force from neighboring host nests, a process called slave raiding.

The slave-making ants are specialized to parasitize a single species or a group of related species, and they are often close relatives to their hosts, which is typical for social parasites. The slave-makers may either be permanent social parasites (thus depending on enslaved ants throughout their whole lives) or facultative slave-makers. The behavior is unusual among ants but has evolved several times independently.

Offspring
In biology, offspring are the young creation of living organisms, produced either by sexual or asexual reproduction. Collective offspring may be known as a brood or progeny. This can refer to a set of simultaneous offspring, such as the chicks hatched from one clutch of eggs, or to all offspring produced over time, as with the honeybee.  Offspring can occur after mating, artificial insemination, or as a result of cloning.

Human offspring (descendants) are referred to as children; male children are sons and female children are daughters (see Kinship).
CBR (AM)
CBR is a Canadian non-commercial radio station in Calgary, Alberta. It broadcasts the programming of the CBC Radio One network, both on 1010 kHz on the AM dial (as a Class A clear-channel station) and 99.1 MHz on the FM dial as CBR-FM-1. The studios are in the Parkdale neighbourhood of northwest Calgary.

The AM transmitter is east of Calgary, off the Trans-Canada Highway in Rocky View. The FM transmitter is off Old Banff Coach Road near 85th Street SW in Calgary.

The AM daytime signal covers most of the southern two-thirds of Alberta. It can be heard at city-grade strength from Red Deer to Lethbridge, and provides secondary coverage as far as Edmonton to the north and several counties on the Montana-Alberta border to the south. At night, it covers most of the western half of North America, but is strongest in Western Canada. CBR-FM-1 has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 1,870 watts (7,000 watts maximum). It covers Calgary and its adjacent suburbs.

Rocky View County
Rocky View County is a municipal district in southern Alberta, Canada that is named for its views of the nearby Rocky Mountains to the west. It surrounds most of Calgary, forming the city's northern boundary and most of the city's western and eastern boundaries.  At a population of 41,028 in 2021, Rocky View County is the most populous municipal district in Alberta. Though predominantly rural in nature, Rocky View County is home to 14 hamlets, including Langdon, one of Alberta's most populous hamlets. Its rural areas are home to numerous country residential subdivisions.
Newroz SC
Newroz Sports Club (Kurdish: یانەی وەرزشی نەورۆز, Arabic: نادي نوروز الرياضي) is a professional sports club based in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, whose football team plays in the Iraq Stars League, the top flight of Iraqi football.

Sulaymaniyah
Sulaymaniyah or Slemani (Kurdish: سلێمانی, romanized: Silêmanî; Arabic: السليمانية, romanized: as-Sulaymāniyyah), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is surrounded by the Azmar, Goizha and Qaiwan Mountains in the northeast, Baranan Mountain in the south and the Tasluja Hills in the west. The city has a semi-arid climate with very hot dry summers and cold wet winters.

The modern city of Slemani was founded in 1784 by the Ottoman-Kurdish prince Ibrahim Pasha Baban in Collaboration with Azim Beg and Haji Aziz Bey Aghal Dwanze Swarey Meriwane Jawamer Agha Rangena, who named it after his father Sulayman Pasha. Slemani was the capital of the historic Kurdish principality of Baban from 1784 to 1850.