hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Enterprise unified process
The Enterprise Unified Process (EUP) is an extended variant of the Unified Process and was developed by Scott W. Ambler and Larry Constantine in 2000, eventually reworked in 2005 by Ambler, John Nalbone and Michael Vizdos.  EUP was originally introduced to overcome some shortages of RUP, namely the lack of production and eventual retirement of a software system. So two phases and several new disciplines were added.  EUP sees software development not as a standalone activity, but embedded in the lifecycle of the system (to be built or enhanced or replaced), the IT lifecycle of the enterprise and the organization/business lifecycle of the enterprise itself. It deals with software development as seen from the customer's point of view.

In 2013 work began to evolve EUP to be based on Disciplined Agile Delivery instead of the Unified Process.

Rational unified process
The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is an iterative software development process framework created by the Rational Software Corporation, a division of IBM since 2003. RUP is not a single concrete prescriptive process, but rather an adaptable process framework, intended to be tailored by the development organizations and software project teams that will select the elements of the process that are appropriate for their needs. RUP is a specific implementation of the Unified Process.
Ealing, Acton and Shepherd's Bush
Ealing, Acton and Shepherd's Bush was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.   It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The constituency was abolished at the 2010 general election when it was divided between the new seats of Ealing Central and Acton and Hammersmith, with then incumbent Andy Slaughter becoming MP for the latter seat.

Ealing Central and Acton
Ealing Central and Acton is a constituency created in 2010, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Rupa Huq, who was elected as a Labour MP, suspended from the party in September 2022 following alleged racist comments, and reinstated in March 2023.
Francisco Pérez Sierra
Francisco Pérez Sierra (c. 1627 in Naples – 1709) was a Neapolitan painter of Spanish descent. According to Antonio Palomino, he was the son of a Spanish general.  He was a disciple of Aniello Falcone and Juan de Toledo.  Numerous works that he painted included the Immaculate Conception, painted in 1655 in the convent of the Trinitarias de Madrid, Santa Ana conduciendo a la Virgen which is now at the Museo del Prado and Saint Joachim which is now at the Museo de Bellas Artes de Granada, he also painted Vase of Flowers in around 1690 (oil on panel, 62x43 cm) which is now at the Royal Palace in Madrid.

Antonio Palomino
Acislo Antonio Palomino de Castro y Velasco (1655 – 13 April 1726) was a Spanish painter of the Baroque period,  and a writer on art,  author of El Museo pictórico y escala óptica,  which  contains a large amount of important biographical material on Spanish artists.
Xiangshawan
Xiangshawan, also known as Whistling Dune Bay and by other names, is a AAAAA-rated tourist area in the Dalad Banner of Ordos Prefecture in Inner Mongolia, China. Amid China's general campaign to combat desertification, the mostly unreclaimable site in the Gobi's Kubuqi Desert was developed as the country's first desert-themed tourism resort. It now consists of four "islands" of activities located around the Sand Dune Resort. Mongolian folk culture is displayed, and annual cultural events include an International Photography Week and a sand sculpture festival. Most popular during the summer, Xiangshawan is currently developing a ski resort to attract tourists during the winter months as well.

AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China
AAAAA (Chinese: 国家5A级旅游景区; pinyin: Guójiā Wǔ "A" jí Lǚyóu Jǐngqū) is awarded to the most important and best-maintained tourist attractions in the People's Republic of China, given the highest level in the rating categories used by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. As of 2025, there are 359 tourist attractions listed as 5A.
Gothabhaya of Anuradhapura
Gothabhaya, also known as Meghavannabhaya, Gothakabhaya and Goluaba, was a king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom of Sri Lanka whose reign lasted from 249 to 262 AD. During his reign, Gothabhaya renovated several temples and monasteries and also built a new temple. He is the last of three princes who seized the throne from King Vijaya Kumara and ruled the country. He is known for banishing 60 Buddhist monks who followed teaching contradictory to Theravada, and also for rebelling against his friend Samghabodhi to seize the throne himself.

Vijaya Kumara
Vijaya Kumara was King of Anuradhapura in the 3rd century, whose reign lasted for only one year from 242 to 243 AD. He succeeded his father Siri Naga II as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by Sangha Tissa I.
Mandy Moore (album)
Mandy Moore is the second studio album by American singer Mandy Moore. It was released by Epic Records on June 19, 2001. Moore began taking more creative control of her music with the album, transitioning from the teen pop styles from her debut studio album, So Real (1999). The album includes elements of dance, R&B, pop rock, hip hop and Middle Eastern music.

So Real (album)
So Real is the debut studio album by American singer Mandy Moore.  The album was released on December 7, 1999, in the United States by Epic Records. It was part of the teen-pop revival which saw other teen artists such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Jessica Simpson release their debut albums that same year to commercial and critical success. Conceptually, the album addresses themes such as teenage love, romance and heartbreak, all of which were common subjects in teen pop music at the time.

So Real became a moderate hit in the United States, reaching a peak of 31 on the Billboard 200 albums chart, as well as being certified Platinum by the RIAA, for shipments & sales of over 1 million. The album spawned a top 50 hit with "Candy" and went gold within three months in the RIAA.

Five months following the release of So Real, it was reissued as I Wanna Be with You, which also served as Moore's debut album internationally.
Rameswaram–Kanniyakumari Express
The Rameswaram–Kanniyakumari Express is a Superfast train belonging to Southern Railway zone that runs between Rameswaram and Kanniyakumari in India. It is currently being operated with 22621/22622 train numbers on tri-weekly basis. It is the only superfast express train service that originates and terminates within south Tamil Nadu region itself. This train service is mainly introduced to connect two important world famous Tourist Spots of Tamil Nadu and India so that tourist who can able to visit to these places easily.

Kanniyakumari Terminus railway station
Kanniyakumari railway station (formerly Cape Comorin railway station), (station code:- CAPE) is an NSG–4 category Indian railway station in Thiruvananthapuram railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway terminus of the Indian Railways serving the coastal town of Kanyakumari in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is the southernmost railway station on the Indian mainland.
Navidad River
The Navidad River is a 90-mile (140 km)-long coastal river in the U.S. state of Texas that runs roughly parallel to its sister river, the Lavaca River.  It is not spring fed, and all of its volume is runoff, which eventually provides for much of the water in Lake Texana.

Lavaca River
The Lavaca River is a navigable river in Texas.  It begins in the northeastern part of Gonzales County, and travels generally southeast for 115 miles (185 km) until it empties into Lavaca Bay, a component of Matagorda Bay.
Luis Mackenna Shiell
Luis Mackenna Shiell (Santiago, 10 September 1916 – Santiago, 8 May 2001) was a Chilean lawyer, businessman, and politician. He served as a minister during the administration of Jorge Alessandri, as well as president of the Central Bank of Chile.

Jorge Alessandri
Jorge Eduardo Alessandri Rodríguez (Latin American Spanish: [ˈxoɾxe aleˈsandɾi roˈðɾiɣes]; 19 May 1896 – 31 August 1986) was the 27th President of Chile from 1958 to 1964, and was the candidate of the Chilean right in the crucial presidential election of 1970, which he lost to Salvador Allende. He was the son of Arturo Alessandri, who was president from 1920 to 1925 and again from 1932 to 1938.
Transcription of the Japanese language in Esperanto
Esperantists often use non-Esperanto transcriptions, such as Hepburn and Kunrei, to transcribe the Japanese language in the Esperanto alphabet. However, the need for a transcription in the Esperanto alphabet is essential for non-Japanese speaking Esperantists to be able to pronounce words.

Kunrei-shiki
Kunrei-shiki (Japanese: 訓令式ローマ字, Hepburn: Kunrei-shiki rōmaji; rgh. 'Cabinet-ordered style of Roman letters'), also known as the Monbusho system (named after the endonym for the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) or MEXT system, is a romanization system for transcribing the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet. Its name is rendered Kunreisiki in the system itself. It is taught in the Monbushō-approved elementary school curriculum. The ISO has standardized Kunrei-shiki under ISO 3602.

Kunrei-shiki is based on the older Nihon-shiki romanization, which was modified for modern standard Japanese. For example, the word かなづかい, romanized kanadukai in Nihon-shiki, is pronounced kanazukai in modern standard Japanese and is romanized as such in Kunrei-shiki. The system competes with the older Hepburn romanization system, which was promoted by the SCAP during the Allied occupation of Japan after World War II.
Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) is the largest municipal utility in the United States with 8,100 megawatts of electric generating capacity (2021–2022) and delivering an average of 435 million gallons of water per day (487,000 acre-ft per year) to more than four million residents and local businesses in the City of Los Angeles and several adjacent cities and communities in southwestern Los Angeles County, California.

It was founded in 1902 to supply water to residents and businesses in the city of Los Angeles and several of its immediately adjacent communities. In 1917, LADWP began to deliver electricity to portions of the city. It has been involved in a number of controversies, including the 1928 St. Francis Dam failure, and written about in critical media portrayals such as those in the books Water and Power and Cadillac Desert.

Cadillac Desert
Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water  is a 1986 American history book by Marc Reisner about land development and water policy in the western United States. The book largely focuses on the history of two federal agencies, the Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and their struggles to remake the American West in ways to satisfy national settlement and energy generation goals. The book concludes that the development-driven policies, formed when settling the West was the country's main concern, have had serious long-term negative effects on the environment and water quantity.

The book was revised and updated in 1993, with a new afterword by the author. The book was again reissued in 2017, with a lengthy Postscript by Lawrie Mott, a former staff scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council.
Oxamniquine
Oxamniquine, sold under the brand name Vansil among others, is a medication used to treat schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni. Praziquantel, however, is often the preferred treatment. It is given by mouth and used as a single dose.

Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, nausea, diarrhea, and reddish urine. It is typically not recommended during pregnancy, if possible. Seizures may occur and therefore caution is recommended in people with epilepsy. It works by causing paralysis of the parasitic worms. It is in the anthelmintic family of medications.

Oxamniquine was first used medically in 1972. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is not commercially available in the United States. It is more expensive than praziquantel.

Praziquantel
Praziquantel, sold under the brandname Biltricide among others, is a medication used to treat a number of types of parasitic worm infections in mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. In humans specifically, it is used to treat schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, tapeworm infections, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, paragonimiasis, fasciolopsiasis, and fasciolosis. It should not be used for worm infections of the eye. It is taken by mouth.

Side effects in humans may include poor coordination, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, and allergic reactions. While it may be used during pregnancy, it is not recommended for use during breastfeeding. Praziquantel is in the anthelmintic class of medications. It works partly by affecting the function of the worm's sucker.

Praziquantel was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982, and in the European Union in April 2025. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Magnus baronets
The Magnus Baronetcy, of Tangley Hill in Wonersh in the County of Surrey, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 22 June 1917 for the educationalist and Conservative politician Philip Magnus. He represented London University in the House of Commons from 1906 to 1922. He was succeeded by his grandson, the second Baronet, who was a historian and biographer. In 1951 he assumed by deed poll the additional surname of Allcroft. He died childless and was succeeded by his nephew, the third Baronet and (as of 2022) present holder of the title.

Philip Magnus
Sir Philip Magnus, 1st Baronet (7 October 1842 – 29 August 1933) was an English educational reformer, rabbi, and politician, who represented the London University constituency as a Unionist Member of Parliament from 1906 till 1922. He had previously been appointed director of the City and Guilds of London Institute, from where he helped oversee the creation of a modern system of technical education in the United Kingdom.
George Payne (actor)
George Payne (born February 7, 1944) is an American actor and retired pornographic film actor. He found early success as a swimsuit model and was featured in Physique Pictorial. Payne began work in the adult film industry in The Back Row in 1973 opposite actor Casey Donovan. He was featured on the cover of the LGBT magazine The Advocate the same year. He later starred with Jack Wrangler in Navy Blue in 1979, and in Centurians of Rome in 1981. Payne later transitioned to straight roles in the adult industry; his work is considered part of the Golden Age of Porn. He was inducted into the X-Rated Critics Organization Hall of Fame in 1999.

Jack Wrangler
John Robert Stillman (July 11, 1946 – April 7, 2009), billed professionally as Jack Wrangler, was an American gay pornographic film actor, theatrical producer, director, and writer. He performed in both gay and straight films.

Open about his homosexuality and adult film work throughout his career, Wrangler was an icon of the gay-liberation movement. The 2008 feature-length documentary Wrangler: Anatomy of an Icon examines his life and career.
Vodafone Netherlands
Vodafone Libertel B.V. is the third largest mobile phone company in the Netherlands, and was previously called Libertel. It is part of VodafoneZiggo, a joint venture between Ziggo and Vodafone Group.

It offers 2G GSM, 2.5G GPRS on the 900 MHz frequency band, 4G LTE on the 800 MHz, 1500 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz frequency bands, and 5G NR services via dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) on band n3 (1800MHz) and non-DSS on band n28 (700MHz) and band n78 (3500MHz). It previously offered UMTS, HSDPA, and HSPA+  3G services (on the 2100 MHz frequency band) until their shutdown in February 2020.

Vodafone Netherlands currently has 5.584 million mobile customers. Vodafone Netherlands currently operates one subbrand using its network called hollandsnieuwe (launched in January 2011).

As of 2008, Vodafone Netherlands is based in Maastricht and Amsterdam and has around 2,800 employees.

Vodafone
Vodafone Group Public Limited Company (/ˈvoʊdəfoʊn/) is a British multinational telecommunications company. Its registered office and global headquarters are in Newbury, Berkshire, England. It predominantly operates services in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania.

As of January 2025, Vodafone owns and operates networks in 15 countries, with partner networks in 46 further countries.

Vodafone has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. The company has a secondary listing on the NASDAQ as American depositary receipts (ADRs).
Crossroads (mural)
Crossroads is a 2013 mural that consists of two acrylic on canvas paintings (Crossroads I and Crossroads II) by the artist Ismael Muhammud Nieves. It is located within the Eskenazi Outpatient Care Center on the Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital campus, near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, and is part of the Eskenazi Health Art Collection.

Eskenazi Health Art Collection
The Eskenazi Health Art Collection consists of a wide variety of artworks composed of fragments from the 1914 City Hospital mural and artwork project, artworks added over time, and newer pieces which include works created for the new Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital and campus in 2013. Other works have been added occasionally; there are also artworks at the clinics throughout Marion County.
Cold abscess
Cold abscess refers to an abscess that lacks the intense inflammation usually associated with infection. This may be associated with infections due to bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of  tuberculosis, and fungi like those from the genus Blastomyces, which cause blastomycosis, that do not tend to stimulate acute inflammation. Alternatively, cold abscesses are typical in persons with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, even when infected with an organism like Staphylococcus aureus that causes abscesses with inflammation in others.

Signs of acute inflammation are absent, so the abscess is not hot and red as in a typical abscess filled with pus. Cold abscesses are generally painless cysts that may be subcutaneous, ocular, or in deep tissue such as the spine.

Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis
The disease mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis, also known historically as scrofula and the king's evil, involves a lymphadenitis of the cervical (neck) lymph nodes associated with tuberculosis as well as nontuberculous (atypical) mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium marinum.
Secret Adventures
Secret Adventures is an American Christian television series created by George Taweel and Rob Loos. It was released between 1993 and 1995 as direct-to-video VHS tapes spanning seven half-hour episodes.

The series concerns teenager Drea Thomas, who has an overactive imagination. She baby-sits Rebecca and Matt, and they learn moral lessons in their everyday lives. At least once per episode, they go on a "secret adventure" and are magically transformed into animated characters. There, they usually learn an important life lesson relevant to the framing real-world plot.

Frame story
A frame story (also known as a frame tale, framing device, frame narrative, sandwich narrative, or intercalation) is a literary technique that serves as a companion piece to a story within a story, where an introductory or main narrative sets the stage either for a more emphasized second narrative or for a set of shorter stories. The frame story leads readers from a first story into one or more other stories within it. The frame story may also be used to inform readers about aspects of the secondary narrative(s) that may otherwise be hard to understand. This should not be confused with narrative structure. Notable examples are the 1001 Nights and The Decameron.
Makhtesh Ramon
Makhtesh Ramon (Hebrew: מכתש רמון; lit. Ramon Crater/Makhtesh; Arabic: وادي الرمان; lit. The Ruman Wadi) is a geological feature of Israel's Negev desert. Located some 85 km south of Beersheba, the landform is the world's largest "erosion cirque" (steephead valley or box canyon). The formation is 40 km long, 2–10 km wide and 500 meters deep. Despite its appearance, it is not an impact crater from a meteor nor a volcanic crater formed by a volcanic eruption.

The only settlement in the area is the small town of Mitzpe Ramon (מצפה רמון, "Ramon Lookout") located on the northern edge of the depression. Today the area forms Israel's largest national park, the Ramon Nature Reserve.

Israel Nature and Parks Authority
The Israel Nature and Parks Authority (Hebrew: רשות הטבע והגנים, Rashut Hateva Vehaganim; Arabic: سلطة الطبيعة والحدائق, romanized: Sulṭat al-Ṭabīʻah wa-al-Ḥadāʼiq) is an Israeli government organization that manages nature reserves and national parks in Israel, the Golan Heights and parts of the West Bank. The organization was founded in April 1998, merging two organizations (The National Parks Authority and the Nature Reserves Authority) that had managed the nature reserves and national parks separately since 1964. The director of the Authority is Raya Shurki.

The symbol of the Israel Nature and Parks Authority is the ibex, a mountain goat similar to the antelope. One of the missions of the Israel Nature and Parks Authority is enforcing Israeli wildlife protection laws.
Good Machine
Good Machine Productions was an American independent film production, film distribution, and foreign sales company started in the early 1990 by its co-founders and producers, Ted Hope and James Schamus. David Linde joined as a partner in the late 1990s and also started the international sales company Good Machine International. They sold the company to Universal Pictures, where it was then merged with USA Films and Universal Focus to create Focus Features. Hope, along with the heads of production development and business affairs (Anthony Bregman, Anne Carey, and Diana Victor) then went on to form the independent production company This Is That Productions. Schamus and Linde became co-presidents of Focus Features.

In 2001, the Museum of Modern Art celebrated the tenth anniversary of Good Machine's work, commemorating their support of international and domestic filmmakers.

Likely Story
Likely Story is an independent film production company founded by its president and CEO Anthony Bregman in October 2006 with Stefanie Azpiazu. It is based in New York City with an office in Los Angeles.
Liu Shaoyong
Liu Shaoyong (Chinese: 刘绍勇; born November 1958) is a retired Chinese pilot and executive. As of June 2025 he was under investigation by China's top anti-graft watchdog. He was general manager of China Eastern Airlines Group Corporation from 2008 to 2016 and chairman from 2016 to 2022. He was a delegate to the 11th National People's Congress, a member of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and a representative of the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

China Eastern Airlines
China Eastern Airlines (branded as China Eastern) is a major airline in China, headquartered in Changning, Shanghai. It is one of the three major airlines in the country, along with Air China and China Southern Airlines.

China Eastern's main hubs are Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, both located in Shanghai. In terms of passenger traffic, it is the country's second largest airline after China Southern Airlines. In 2021, its operational revenue was 67,127 million RMB with assets totaling 286,548 million RMB. China Eastern (along with its subsidiary Shanghai Airlines) became the 14th member of SkyTeam on June 21, 2011.