hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Evergreen, Virginia
Evergreen is an unincorporated community in Appomattox County, Virginia, United States.  Its ZIP code is 23939. The village is home to approximately 300 people. Currently the Post Office is the only operating business, but there have been two general stores operating in the past including the well-known Hamilton's Store. There are two Protestant churches in the immediate area, Evergreen Baptist Church and Evergreen United Methodist Church. The Evergreen Ruritan Club is also an important part of the community, holding numerous events annually.

This town was a stop on the Southside Railroad in the mid-nineteenth century.   This became the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad in 1870 and then a line in the Norfolk and Western Railway and now the Norfolk Southern Railway.

Appomattox County, Virginia
Appomattox County (/ˌæpəˈmætəks/ A-pə-MA-təks) is a United States county located in the Piedmont region and near the center of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county is part of the Lynchburg metropolitan area, and its county seat is the town of Appomattox.

Appomattox County was created in 1845 from parts of four other Virginia counties. The name of the county comes from the Appamatuck Indians, who lived in the area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,119.
Renegades (Rage Against the Machine album)
Renegades is the fourth and final studio album by the American rock band Rage Against the Machine, released on December 5, 2000, by Epic Records. It consists of covers of songs by Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan, Afrika Bambaataa, Minor Threat, Eric B. & Rakim, the Stooges, MC5, the Rolling Stones, Cypress Hill, Devo and others. The cover is a take on Robert Indiana's Love artwork series.

Unlike other Rage Against the Machine albums, Renegades was not accompanied by a supporting tour due to the band splitting up almost two months before its release. It was certified platinum a little over a month after release. Shortly after the release, the band members, with the exception of lead vocalist Zack de la Rocha, formed a new band, Audioslave, with then-former Soundgarden vocalist Chris Cornell.

Zack de la Rocha
Zacharias Manuel de la Rocha (born January 12, 1970) is an American musician, rapper, singer, songwriter, and political activist. He is best known as the vocalist and lyricist of the rock band Rage Against the Machine. Through both Rage Against the Machine and his activism, de la Rocha promotes left-wing politics in opposition to corporate America, the military–industrial complex, and government oppression.
Johann Georg Liebknecht
Johann Georg Liebknecht (23 April 1679 in Wasungen, Thuringia – 17 September 1749 in Giessen) was a German theologian and scientist. He was professor of mathematics and theology at the Ludoviciana (University) in Giessen, Germany.

Wasungen
Wasungen (German pronunciation: [ˈvaːzʊŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the river Werra, 11 km north of Meiningen. The former municipalities Hümpfershausen, Metzels, Oepfershausen, Unterkatz and Wahns were merged into Wasungen in January 2019.

The Pfaffenburg was built in 1378 and reconstructed in 1974.
Dalton L. McMichael
Dalton Larkin McMichael Sr. (March 10, 1914 – July 27, 2001) was an American textile executive and philanthropist. He was ranked among the top fifty most influential textile executives in the twentieth century by Textile World Magazine. He was inducted into the Class of 2003 American Textile Hall of Fame by the American Textile History Museum.

American Textile History Museum
The American Textile History Museum (ATHM), located in Lowell, Massachusetts, was founded as the Merrimack Valley Textile Museum (MVTM) in North Andover, Massachusetts in 1960 by Caroline Stevens Rogers. ATHM told America’s story through the art, science, and history of textiles. In June 2016, the museum closed. The bulk of the library and archives as well as many fabric samples were acquired by Cornell University.
2017 Croatia Open Umag
The 2017 Croatia Open Umag  (also known as the Plava Laguna Croatia Open Umag for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 28th edition of the Croatia Open, and part of the World Tour 250 Series tier of the 2017 ATP World Tour. It took place at the International Tennis Center in Umag, Croatia, from 17 July through 23 July 2017. Unseeded Andrey Rublev, who entered the main draw as a lucky loser, won the singles title.

Lucky loser
A lucky loser is a sports competitor (player or team) who loses a match in a knockout tournament or loses in qualifying, but who then enters the main draw. This can occur when another competitor withdraws during the tournament because of illness, injury, or other reasons, in which case the lucky loser re-enters the competition in place of the withdrawn competitor, or due to the structure of the tournament.

In the event of a lucky loser's re-entry to a competition, it usually occurs before all competitors in the main draw have started their first match in the tournament.
Frank Lloyd
Frank William George Lloyd (2 February 1886 – 10 August 1960) was a Scottish-American film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He was among the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and was its president from 1934 to 1935.

He is Scotland's first Academy Award winner and is unique in film history, having received three Oscar nominations in 1929 for his work on a silent film (The Divine Lady), a part-talkie (Weary River) and a full talkie (Drag). He won for The Divine Lady. He was nominated and won again in 1933 for his adaptation of Noël Coward's Cavalcade and received a further Best Director nomination in 1935 for perhaps his most successful film, Mutiny on the Bounty.

In 1957, he was awarded the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. In 1960, Lloyd received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry, at 6667 Hollywood Boulevard.

George Eastman Award
The George Eastman Award for distinguished contribution to the art of film was established by the George Eastman Museum in 1955 as the first film award given by an American archive and museum to honor artistic work of enduring value.

The award was first presented in 1955 to actors, actresses, directors, and cinematographers from the early years of silent film (1915–1925), and in 1957 to artists from the final years of the silent film era (1926–1930). The early recipients included Charles Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Joan Crawford, Frank Capra, and Gary Cooper.

The George Eastman Award later evolved to recognize a broader range of artistic talent in the film industry, from George Cukor and Fred Astaire to Martin Scorsese and Jodie Foster. The award ceremony was originally held at Eastman Theatre in Rochester and now takes place in the Eastman Museum's Dryden Theatre.
Abakan
Abakan (Russian: Абака́н [ɐbɐˈkan] ⓘ; Khakas: Ағбан Ağban, Абахан Abaxan) is the capital city of Khakassia, Russia, located in the central part of the Minusinsk Depression, at the confluence of the Yenisei and Abakan Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 165,214—a slight increase over 165,197 recorded during the 2002 Census and a further increase from 154,092 recorded during the 1989 Census.

Khakassia
Khakassia (/xəˈkæsiə, kə-/), officially the Republic of Khakassia, is a republic of Russia located in southern Siberia. It is situated between Krasnoyarsk Krai to the north and the Altai Republic to the south.

The capital city of Khakassia is Abakan, and the region covers an area of about 61,900 square kilometres (23,900 sq mi). The population of Khakassia is approximately 537,000 people, with the majority of the population living in urban areas.

The region is known for its natural beauty, with numerous rivers, lakes, and mountains. The Khakassky Nature Reserve is located in the region, and it is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including brown bears, wolves, and sable. The region is also known for its traditional crafts, such as woodworking and embroidery, and for its traditional festivals and celebrations.

On July 3, 1991, the region was transformed into an autonomous republic within the RSFSR. It has had its current name since the beginning of 1992.
Armand Carlsen
Armand Henning Carlsen (20 October 1905 – 8 May 1969) was a Norwegian speed skater who competed in the 1928 Winter Olympics.

In 1928 he finished fifth in the 5000 metres event. He also started in the abandoned 10000 metres competition. He held the world record in the 10,000 metres distance between 1928 and 1939, clocking in 17:17.4 minutes at the 1928 World Championships. His other personal best times were 46.5 seconds in the 500 metres (1931); 2.23.6 minutes in the 1500 metres (1928); and 8.34.0 minutes in the 5000 metres (1928).

He represented the club Oslo SK, and chaired the Norwegian Skating Association from 1956 to 1961. For his achievements in both speed skating and cycling, he was awarded the Egebergs Ærespris in 1929.

Egebergs Ærespris
The Egebergs Ærespris ("Honorary Prize of Egeberg") is a prize awarded to Norwegian athletes who excel in more than one sport. The prize was created by Ferdinand Julian Egeberg, and consists of a bronze statuette modelled by sculptor Magnus Vigrestad.
2009 Supersport World Championship
The 2009 Supersport World Championship was the eleventh FIM Supersport World Championship season—the thirteenth taking into account the two held under the name of Supersport World Series. The season started on 1 March at Phillip Island and finished on 25 October at Portimão after 14 rounds. The championship supported the Superbike World Championship at every round.

Despite a win at the final round for Eugene Laverty, a fourth-place finish by Cal Crutchlow won him the championship by seven points over the Irish rider.

Eugene Laverty
Eugene Laverty (born 3 June 1986) is a former professional motorcycle road racer from Northern Ireland, the brother of Michael and John.

For 2022, Laverty is contracted to ride for satellite BMW team Bonovo in World Superbike Championship. Midway through the season, Laverty announced his intended retirement at the end of 2022, partly due to poor race results, to continue with the same team as a co-owner and rider coach.

During 2021, Laverty rode in some World Superbike events before his RC Squadra Corse team withdrew from racing; further rides later in the season were as a replacement for injured BMW factory rider Tom Sykes.
Palazzo Galli Tassi, Lucca
The Palazzo Galli Tassi is an architectural complex located in the historic centre of Lucca, Italy. It serves primarily as the city's courthouse, while two lateral wings on Piazzale San Donato are occupied by municipal offices.

Its main entrance, on Via Galli Tassi, leads into a central building that opens onto a wide internal courtyard, which functions as the organizational core of the entire site. From this structure, four long wings extend toward the back of the property. Together, these interconnected structures form a pavilion-style layout.

Lucca
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka] ⓘ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 14th century  and the Cathedral of San Martino.

The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
Shockwave (Black Tide song)
"Shockwave" is a song by American heavy metal band Black Tide. It is credited to Gabriel Garcia, Alexander Nuñez and Raul Garcia Jr. It was the first track and first single from their 2008 debut album Light from Above, with the other two singles being "Warriors of Time" and "Shout". It was released before the album. The CD single was the band's first official release and is also known as the Black Tide EP. The single version is a clean edit of the song, the word "fuck" that is mentioned in the chorus is removed.

It is one of the band's most famous songs and is played live on almost all of the band's concerts; it was also performed on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on March 27, 2008. It charted in the U.S. at number 25.

Black Tide
Black Tide is an American heavy metal band from Kendall, Florida. Formed in 2004, the band last consisted of Gabriel Garcia (lead guitar, vocals), Austin Diaz (rhythm guitar) and Cody Paige (drums). They released their debut album, Light from Above, in 2008 through Interscope Records when Garcia was 15 years old. Their second album, Post Mortem, was released in 2011. Black Tide's EP Bite the Bullet was released in 2013 by InnerCat Music Group, a Miami-based boutique label. In 2015, the band released their last album Chasing Shadows. In July 2016, Garcia announced that the band is over and he is concentrating on his solo project. In January 2026, the band reunited, teasing new original music and old projects.
South Dakota State Test of Educational Progress
The South Dakota State Test of Educational Progress (DSTEP) is a standards-based test designed to meet NCLB requirements. Grades 3-8 and 11 are tested.

The DSTEP reports out Lexile measures for each student. A Lexile measure can be used to match readers with targeted text and monitor growth in reading ability.

Lexile
The Lexile Framework for Reading is an educational tool in the United States that uses a measure called a Lexile to match readers with reading resources such as books and articles. Readers and texts are assigned a Lexile score, where lower scores reflect easier readability for texts and lower reading ability for readers. Lexile scores are assigned based on individual words and sentence length, rather than qualitative analysis of the content. Thus, Lexile scores do not reflect multiple levels of textual meaning or the maturity of the content. The United States Common Core State Standards recommend the use of alternative, qualitative methods to select books for grade 6 and above. In the U.S., Lexile measures are reported annually from reading programs and assessments. According to LightSail Education, about half of U.S. students in grades 3-12 receive a Lexile measure each year. The Georgia Department of Education provides resources for using Lexile measures.
I Want to Be Loved (But Only by You)
"I Want To Be Loved (But Only By You)" is a 1947 ballad written by  and recorded by Savannah Churchill and The Sentimentalists.  The single was Savannah Churchill's most successful release on the R&B charts, spending six months on the chart and reaching number one on the R&B Juke Box chart.

The Four Tunes
The Four Tunes (also referred to as The 4 Tunes) were a leading black pop vocal quartet during the 1950s.  The members at the peak of their fame were Pat Best, Jimmy Gordon, Jimmie Nabbie, and Danny Owens.
Acetoacetic acid
Acetoacetic acid (IUPAC name: 3-oxobutanoic acid, also known as acetonecarboxylic acid or diacetic acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3COCH2COOH. It is the simplest beta-keto acid, and like other members of this class, it is unstable.  The methyl and ethyl esters, which are quite stable, are produced on a large scale industrially as precursors to dyes. Acetoacetic acid is a weak acid.

Keto acid
In organic chemistry, keto acids or ketoacids (also called oxo carboxylic acids) are organic compounds that contain a carboxylic acid group (−COOH) and a ketone group (>C=O).  In several cases, the keto group is hydrated.  The alpha-keto acids are especially important in biology as they are involved in the Krebs citric acid cycle and in glycolysis.
ChemRxiv
ChemRxiv (pronounced "chem archive"—the X represents the Greek letter chi [χ]) is an open access preprint archive for chemistry. It is operated by the American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry and German Chemical Society. The new preprint server was announced already in 2016, but was only opened online in 2017. Initially, editors of ACS journals were skeptical and only 80% of the editors allowed submissions to be uploaded to the preprint server in 2017. In 2019 the Chinese Chemical Society and the Chemical Society of Japan joined as co-owners of the preprint server.

The initial reception of ChemRxiv was one of hesitation, with several major journals of the founding organizations initially unsupportive: Angewandte Chemie gave support in March 2018 and JACS only gave support in August 2018. However, ChemRxiv received more than 1,000 submissions in the first eighteen months,
growing to 2,314 in 2019. Like other preprint servers, it saw a surge in COVID-19 preprints in 2020.

Preprint
In academic publishing, a preprint is a version of a scholarly or scientific paper that precedes formal peer review and publication in a peer-reviewed scholarly or scientific journal. The preprint may be available, often as a non-typeset version available for free, before or after a paper is published in a journal.
Letchworth Town Hall
Letchworth Town Hall is a municipal building in Broadway, Letchworth, Hertfordshire, England. The town hall, which was the headquarters of Letchworth Urban District Council, is a Grade II listed building.

Broadway, Letchworth
Broadway is a road through the centre of Letchworth, in Hertfordshire, England, laid out when the garden city of Letchworth was created. It incorporates Broadway Gardens, and is listed Grade II in Historic England's Register of Parks and Gardens.
Henry Gregory Thompson
Henry Gregory Thompson, O.S.B. (1871–1942) was a Welsh-born Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Gibraltar from 1910 to 1927.

Born in Mold, Flintshire, Wales on 27 March 1871, he was ordained a priest of the Order of Saint Benedict on 19 October 1902. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Gibraltar by Pope Pius X on 10 November 1910. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 21 December 1910; the principal consecrator was the Right Reverend Peter Amigo, Bishop of Southwark, with the Right Reverend Frederick Keating, Bishop of Northampton (later Archbishop of Liverpool) and the Right Reverend Francis Mostyn, Bishop of Menevia (later Archbishop of Cardiff), serving as co-consecrators.

Bishop Thompson resigned the episcopal see of Gibraltar on 25 May 1927 and appointed Titular Bishop of Thermopylae on 15 July 1927. He died on 27 October 1942, aged 71.

Catholicism portal

Mold, Flintshire
Mold (Welsh: Yr Wyddgrug ⓘ) is a town and community in Flintshire, Wales, on the River Alyn. It is the historic county town and was the administrative seat of Flintshire County Council from 1996 to 2025, as it was of Clwyd from 1974 to 1996. According to the 2011 UK census, it had a population of 10,058. A 2019 estimate puts it at 10,123.
Electrochemical cell
An electrochemical cell is a device that either generates electrical energy from chemical reactions in a so-called galvanic or voltaic cell, or induces chemical reactions (electrolysis) by applying external electrical energy in an electrolytic cell.

Both galvanic and electrolytic cells can be thought of as having two half-cells: consisting of separate oxidation and reduction reactions.

When one or more electrochemical cells are connected in parallel or series they make a battery. Primary battery consists of single-use galvanic cells. Rechargeable batteries are built from secondary cells that use reversible reactions and can operate as galvanic cells (while providing energy) or electrolytic cells (while charging).

Galvanic cell
A galvanic cell or voltaic cell, named after the scientists Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, respectively, is an electrochemical cell in which an electric current is generated from spontaneous oxidation–reduction reactions. An example of a galvanic cell consists of two different metals, each immersed in separate beakers containing their respective metal ions in solution that are connected by a salt bridge or separated by a porous membrane.

Volta is the inventor of the voltaic pile, the first electrical battery. Common usage of the word battery has evolved to include a single galvanic cell, but the first batteries had many galvanic cells.
96th District of Algoma Battalion of Rifles
The 96th District of Algoma Battalion of Rifles was a short-lived rifle regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). First formed in 1886 with its Headquarters in Port Arthur, Ontario (now the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario), the battalion had companies across Northern Ontario. In 1896, the 96th Battalion was disbanded. The battalion is considered a predecessor unit to The Lake Superior Scottish Regiment.

49th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA
49th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA, is a Canadian Forces Primary Reserve regiment based in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The regiment is part of 4th Canadian Division's 33 Canadian Brigade Group.

It draws much of its history from the Sault Ste. Marie Regiment, an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). First organized in 1913 as the 51st Soo Rifles, a rifle regiment, at Sault Ste. Marie, volunteers from the regiment fought in the First World War. It was renamed in 1920 as The Soo Rifles, and for the final time in 1923, as The Sault Ste. Marie Regiment. In 1936, the regiment was amalgamated with A Company of The Algonquin Regiment to form The Sault Ste Marie and Sudbury Regiment.

In 1946, the regiment was converted to artillery, and continues to exist today as the 49th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA.
Maharajganj, Nepal
Maharajganj  is a former village development committee that is now a Municipality in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Province of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 10,454 people living in 1779 individual households. A small flood in 1993 ruined a marginal amount of cropland.

Kapilvastu District
Kapilvastu District (Nepali: कपिलवस्तु जिल्ला [ˈkʌpilbʌstu] ⓘ), often Kapilbastu, is one of the districts of Lumbini Province, Nepal. The district, with Kapilbastu municipality as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,738 square kilometres (671 sq mi) and in 2001 had a population of 481,976, which increased to 571,936 in 2011 and later according 2021 census it further increased to 686,739 Kapilvastu district has 3 number of seats for central whereas 6 seats for state level elections.
Garrick/Milne Prize
The Garrick/Milne Prize was a biennial art prize which served to revive the art of theatrical painting and portraiture. The prize was set up by the Garrick Club in memory of A. A. Milne, a past member.

Originally £20,000, the prize was last held in 2005 and has since been replaced by direct commissions.

Stuart Pearson Wright
Stuart Pearson Wright (born 1975) is an English artist, known principally for his portraits, Wright also works in sculpture, film and printmaking. He is first prize winner of the 2001 BP Portrait Award.
Suzy Mandel
Jacqueline Ann ELaine Jefcoate (born 6 March 1953), better known as Suzy Mandel, is a British former actress and model best known for her roles in such mid-1970s British sex comedies as Intimate Games (1976), Confessions of a Driving Instructor (1976), Come Play with Me (1977), The Playbirds (1978), and Adventures of a Plumber's Mate (1978), and for her appearances on The Benny Hill Show.

The Private Eyes (1980 film)
The Private Eyes is a 1980 American comedy mystery film starring Tim Conway and Don Knotts. The pair play bumbling American detectives who work for Scotland Yard. It was filmed at Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina.

The film was directed by Lang Elliott and was the final pairing of Conway and Knotts, not counting their cameos as two California Highway Patrol officers in the 1983 film Cannonball Run II.