hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
E. C. Singer
E. C. Singer was an American engineer (and the nephew of Isaac Singer, inventor of the sewing machine) who worked on secret projects for the benefit of the Confederate States of America and invented a spar torpedo used during the U.S. Civil War.  Singer's torpedo was a large explosive device mounted on the tip of a long spar.  It was detonated by means of a trigger mechanism adapted from a rifle lock (see flintlock mechanism for a similar device). The spring-loaded trigger was detonated by means of a long cord attached to the attacking vessel. The attacking vessel rammed its target, embedding the barbed torpedo in its hull, then backed off.  When the attacker reached the limit of the trigger cord, the torpedo was detonated.

Spar torpedo
A spar torpedo is a weapon consisting of a bomb placed at the end of a long pole, or spar, and attached to a boat. It was used by driving the spar directly into an enemy vessel. These torpedoes often had a barbed tip so they could lodge into wooden hulls, after which a fuse would be triggered to cause the explosion.
Leopold Tõnson
Leopold Tõnson (13 January 1878, in Paldiski (or 14 January 1874, in Haapsalu) – 5 January 1935, in Tallinn) was an Estonian military personnel and sport personnel.

He was one of the first in Estonia who started to propagate athletics, rowing and bandy. In 1909 he managed the first athletics competition in Tallinn; he himself won this competition.

During the Estonian War of Independence, he was the commander of Kalev Infantry Battalion.

From 1911 to 1913, 1918 to 1919, 1922 and 1924 to 1928 he was the head of Estonian Sports Association Kalev.

Awards:

1931: Order of the Cross of the Eagle, III class.

Kalev Infantry Battalion
The Kalev Infantry Battalion (Estonian: Kalevi jalaväepataljon) is an infantry battalion of the Estonian Land Forces. It is a part of the 1st Infantry Brigade and its primary task is to train conscription-based mechanized infantry units. The battalion has been previously known as the Kalevlaste Maleva and as the Kalev Single Infantry Battalion. The battalion is currently based at Jõhvi.
Willamette Stone
The Willamette Stone was a small stone obelisk originally installed by the Department of Interior in 1885 in the western hills of Portland, Oregon, in the United States to mark the intersection and origin of the Willamette meridian and Willamette baseline. It replaced a cedar stake placed by the Surveyor General of the Oregon Territory in 1851; this stake defined the grid system of sections and townships from which all real property in the states of Oregon and Washington has been measured following the Donation Land Claim Act of 1850. The Willamette meridian runs north–south, and the Willamette baseline runs east–west through the marker.  The easternmost northeast corner of Washington County is sited on the marker.

Donation Land Claim Act
The Donation Land Claim Act of 1850, sometimes known as the Donation Land Act, was a statute enacted by the United States Congress in late 1850, intended to promote homestead settlements in the Oregon Territory. It followed the Distribution-Preemption Act 1841. The law, a forerunner of the later Homestead Act, brought thousands of settlers into the new territory, swelling their ranks along the Oregon Trail. 7,437 land patents were issued under the law, which expired in late 1855. The Donation Land Claim Act allowed white men or partial Native Americans (mixed with white) who had arrived in Oregon before 1850 to work on a piece of land for four years and legally claim the land for themselves.

Along with other US land grant legislation, the Donation Land Claim Act discriminated against nonwhite settlers and dispossessed land from Native Americans.
Wadi Hanifa
24°34′51″N 46°42′47″E﻿ / ﻿24.5809°N 46.71311°E﻿ / 24.5809; 46.71311

Wadi Hanifa (Arabic: وَادِي حَنِيْفَة, romanized: Wādī Ḥanīfah), historically known as Wadi al-Arad, is a wadi (seasonal river) in the Najd region, Riyadh Province, in central Saudi Arabia. The valley runs for a length of 120 km (75 mi) from northwest to southeast, cutting through the city of Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. A string of towns and villages lie along the valley, including Uyaynah, Irqah and Diriyah. The historical city of Riyadh itself is on the northeastern side of the wadi, but the city has now expanded across Wadi Hanifa, with the sub-municipalities of Al-Shifa and Al-Urayja on its southwestern side.

Uyayna
Uyayna (Arabic: الْعُيَيْنة, romanized: al-ʿUyayna) is a village in central Saudi Arabia, located some 30 km (19 mi) northwest of the Saudi capital Riyadh. Uyayna was the birthplace of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. Today, Uyayna is a small village and forms together with its neighbor al-Jubayla the Subgovernorate of Uyayna and Al-Jubayla, with a combined population of 4,000.  The subgovernorate is part of the Governorate of Dir'iyyah, which in turn is part of Riyadh Province.
Ouija Board, Ouija Board
"Ouija Board, Ouija Board" is a song by English singer-songwriter Morrissey, released as a single in November 1989. The track appears along with its B-side "Yes, I Am Blind" on the compilation album Bona Drag. A shorter edit, omitting a verse, appeared on the 2010 reissue of Bona Drag. The single was poorly received by the music press and the public; its highest position on the UK Singles Chart was No. 18, making it the first solo Morrissey single not to reach the top 10. The song was co-written by Morrisey's former producer Stephen Street, who does not produce or play on this recording (or any future Morrissey recording).  B-side "Yes, I Am Blind" was composed by Morrissey's ex-Smiths partner Andy Rourke, and the picture on the sleeve was taken by Anton Corbijn.

In the song, a protagonist uses a Ouija board to contact a dead friend, who responds to him. During the era of song's release, the press claimed that it promoted occult dabbling or Satanism.

Bona Drag
Bona Drag is a compilation album by the English rock singer Morrissey, released on 15 October 1990 by His Master's Voice. The album features an array of Morrissey's most popular songs from his early solo career, most of which had not been released on any previous album. The album name meaning nice outfits is an example of the subculture slang Polari explored further on the album's first track "Piccadilly Palare". The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on 6 December 2000. In 2010, the album was remastered and expanded to include six bonus tracks.
Paul Neurath
Paul Neurath is a video game designer and creative director. He founded both Blue Sky Productions (later renamed Looking Glass Studios) and Floodgate Entertainment. He was the creative director of Zynga Boston. In 2014 he founded OtherSide Entertainment, that developed Underworld Ascendant, the third game in the Underworld series.

Neurath had a game credited to him as early as 1986, the computer adaptation of the Steve Jackson Games board game Ogre. As Creative Director at Looking Glass Studios, he oversaw such gaming titles as System Shock 2, Thief, Terra Nova and Flight Unlimited, as well as Ultima Underworld and its sequel.

OtherSide Entertainment
OtherSide Entertainment, Inc. is an American video game developer based in Boston, Massachusetts, founded in 2013 by Looking Glass Studios co-founder Paul Neurath. In June 2016, the company opened a second studio in Austin, Texas, led by Warren Spector. OtherSide developed Underworld Ascendant (2018), a spiritual successor to Looking Glass's Ultima Underworld series, and is developing a new intellectual property. they were acquired by Aonic
Me and Armini
Me and Armini is the fifth (third released outside Iceland) studio album by the Icelandic singer and songwriter Emilíana Torrini. It was produced by Dan Carey, and released on September 8, 2008. The album spawned three singles: "Me and Armini", "Big Jumps" and "Jungle Drum".

Emilíana Torrini
Emilíana Torrini (born 16 May 1977) is an Icelandic singer and songwriter. Her works include the 2009 single "Jungle Drum" and the 1999 album Love in the Time of Science. She performed "Gollum's Song" for the 2002 film The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers.
The Folksmen
The Folksmen are a fictitious American folk music trio, conceived and performed by actors-comedians-musicians Christopher Guest, Michael McKean, and Harry Shearer.  Originally created in 1984 for a Saturday Night Live sketch, the Folksmen have subsequently maintained an intermittent public presence for more than twenty-five years.  The trio is best known for its depiction in the mockumentary film A Mighty Wind (2003), but has also made a number of meta-performances on stage and television, often in conjunction with the same creators' fictitious heavy metal band, Spinal Tap.

A Mighty Wind
A Mighty Wind is a 2003 American mockumentary comedy film about a folk music reunion concert in which three folk bands reunite for a television performance for the first time in decades. Co-written (with Eugene Levy), directed, and composed by Christopher Guest, the film is widely acknowledged to reference folk music producer Harold Leventhal as the inspiration for the character of Irving Steinbloom and more broadly parodies the American folk music revival of the early 1960s and its personalities. The film stars Guest and Levy alongside many of their frequent collaborators, including Bob Balaban, John Michael Higgins, Jane Lynch, Michael McKean, Catherine O'Hara, Parker Posey, Ed Begley Jr., Jennifer Coolidge, Harry Shearer and Fred Willard.
Enamul Bari
Muhammad Enamul Bari BBP, ndu, psc is a former three star air officer who served as the  13th Chief of Air Staff of Bangladesh Air Force. He also served as the Chairman of Biman Bangladesh Airlines, the flag carrier of Bangladesh. He was replaced by Sajjadul Hassan as the chairperson of Bangladesh Biman on 2019.

Sajjadul Hassan
Sajjadul Hassan (born 11 January 1961) is a Bangladeshi politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Netrokona-4 constituency during 2023–2024. Prior to this position, he served as a bureaucrat and the chairperson of Bangladesh Biman airlines. He is a former senior secretary at the Prime Minister's Office.
1996 German Grand Prix
The 1996 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Hockenheim on 28 July 1996. It was the eleventh race of the 1996 Formula One World Championship.

The 45-lap race was won by British driver Damon Hill, driving a Williams-Renault, after he started from pole position. Austrian driver Gerhard Berger started alongside Hill on the front row in his Benetton-Renault and led for much of the race, until his engine failed with three laps remaining. Hill duly took his seventh victory of the season, with Berger's French teammate Jean Alesi second and Canadian Jacques Villeneuve third in the other Williams-Renault.

With the win, Hill extended his lead over Villeneuve in the Drivers' Championship to 21 points with five races remaining.

Benetton Formula
Benetton Formula Limited., commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores. In 2000, the team was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons. In 2002, the team became Renault. The Benetton Formula team was chaired by Alessandro Benetton from 1988 to 1998.
Timothy Gowers
Sir William Timothy Gowers, FRS (/ˈɡaʊ.ərz/; born 20 November 1963) is a British mathematician. He is the holder of the Combinatorics chair at the Collège de France, a Research Professor at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1998, he received the Fields Medal for research connecting the fields of functional analysis and combinatorics.

Szemerédi regularity lemma
In extremal graph theory, Szemerédi's regularity lemma  states that a graph can be partitioned into a bounded number of parts so that the edges between parts are regular (in the sense defined below). The lemma shows that certain properties of random graphs can be applied to dense graphs like counting the copies of a given subgraph within graphs. Endre Szemerédi proved the lemma over bipartite graphs for his theorem on arithmetic progressions in 1975 and for general graphs in 1978. Variants of the lemma use different notions of regularity and apply to other mathematical objects like hypergraphs.
Tanjong Bunga
Tanjong Bunga is a state constituency in Penang, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Penang State Legislative Assembly since 1959. It covers the suburbs of George Town along the northern coast of Penang Island, including Batu Ferringhi, Tanjung Bungah and parts of Tanjung Tokong.

The state constituency was first contested in 1959 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Penang State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system. Since 2018, the State Assemblyman for Tanjong Bunga is Zairil Khir Johari from the Democratic Action Party (DAP), which is part of the state's ruling coalition, Pakatan Harapan (PH).

Koh Tsu Koon
Koh Tsu Koon (born 26 August 1949; simplified Chinese: 许子根; traditional Chinese: 許子根; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khó͘ Chú-kun; pinyin: Xǔ Zǐgēn) is a Malaysian politician. He was the Chief Minister of Penang from 1990 to 2008, Member of Parliament (MP) for Tanjong from 1982 to 1986 and was appointed as a Senator from 2009 to 2015. A year after resigning as Chief Minister of Penang, Koh was appointed Minister in the Prime Minister's Department by Prime Minister Najib Razak. He was famously known for contributing in the Sungai Pinang campaign where he took almost 10 years and failed to complete it.

He was the fourth President of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN), a former component Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition (currently a component of the Perikatan Nasional coalition) and also the first President of GERAKAN not named a candidate in the Malaysian General Election.
Jo Jae-yoon
Jo Jae-yoon (Korean: 조재윤; born October 29, 1974) is a South Korean actor. He made his acting debut in 2003 and has since starred as a supporting actor in numerous films and television series, including  The Man from Nowhere (2010), The Chaser (2012), Gu Family Book (2013), The Suspect (2013), Descendants of the Sun (2016), Mad Dog (2017), Sky Castle (2018–2019), and Alchemy of Souls season 1 and 2 (2022–2023). Jo also appeared in the variety-reality show Animals (2015).

Mad Dog (TV series)
Mad Dog (Korean: 매드독) is a South Korean television series starring Yoo Ji-tae, Woo Do-hwan, and Ryu Hwa-young.  
It aired on KBS2, from October 11, 2017 to November 30, 2017 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 22:00 (KST) for 16 episodes.
Robert Tootill
Robert Tootill CBE MP (22 October 1850 – 2 July 1934) was a British politician. He was a Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) from 1914 to 1922 for the constituency of Bolton.

Born in Chorley, Tootill worked as a Labour Correspondent to the Board of Trade, and also served on Bolton Town Council for many years from 1888.  He became secretary of Bolton Trades Council, and was also secretary of the Amalgamated Union of Machine and General Labourers.

He was elected in a by-election held on 22 September 1914 following the death of his predecessor Alfred Gill and held the seat in the 1918 general election.  On the right-wing of the Labour Party, he served as vice-president of the British Workers' League from 1916 to 1918.

He was invested as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1918 Birthday Honours for his work on the National War Aims Committee.

1918 Birthday Honours
The 1918 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, 3 June and were published in The London Gazette on the same day, followed by a supplement.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.
2018–19 Irish Cup
The 2018–19 Irish Cup (known as the Tennent's Irish Cup for sponsorship purposes) was the 139th edition of the Irish Cup, the premier knockout cup competition in Northern Irish football. The competition began on 11 August 2018 and concluded with the final at Windsor Park on 4 May 2019.

Coleraine were the defending champions, having defeated Cliftonville in the 2018 final. Crusaders were the eventual winners, defeating second-tier side Ballinamallard United 3–0 in the final to lift the Cup for the fourth time overall, and the first time in the 10 years since winning the 2009 final.

Irish Cup
The Irish Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly referred to as the Irish Cup (currently known as the Clearer Water Irish Cup for sponsorship purposes) is the primary football knockout cup competition in Northern Ireland. Inaugurated in 1881, it is the fourth-oldest national cup competition in the world. Prior to the break-away from the Irish Football Association by clubs from what would become the Irish Free State in 1921, the Irish Cup was the national cup competition for the whole of Ireland.

Since 3 October 2023, the cup has been sponsored by Clearer Water. It was previously sponsored by Nationwide Building Society, Bass Ireland Ltd, JJB Sports, Tennent's Lager and Sadler's Peaky Blinder and Samuel Gelston's Irish Whiskey.

Dungannon Swifts are the current holders after defeating Cliftonville 4–3 on penalties in the 2025 final.
1962 German Grand Prix
The 1962 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Nürburgring on 5 August 1962. It was race 6 of 9 in both the 1962 World Championship of Drivers and the 1962 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 15-lap race was won by BRM driver Graham Hill after he started from second position. John Surtees finished second for the Lola team and Porsche driver Dan Gurney came in third. The race was notable for having six different constructors taking the first six positions.

Écurie Nationale Belge
Écurie Nationale Belge (the accurate name being Équipe Nationale Belge or ENB) was a Formula One and sportscar racing team in the 1950s and 1960s, which was formed through a merger of Jacques Swaters' Écurie Francorchamps and Johnny Claes' Écurie Belge. However, Écurie Francorchamps remained active independently, entering works and privately owned Ferraris.
Seoul Global Movie Awards
The Seoul Global Movie Awards (Korean: 서울국제영화대상) is an award ceremony hosted by the Korean Film Actors Association in cooperation with the Seoul Metropolitan Government. It was formerly known as the Star Night - Korea Top Star Awards Ceremony (2012 to 2017) and the Korea Best Star Awards (2018 to 2019). Although it began as an award for excellence in filmmaking, it has since extended its scope to include overall entertainment.

Korean Film Actors Association
The Korean Film Actors Association (Korean: 한국영화배우협회) is a non-profit organization operating under the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of South Korea. It was officially established on January 13, 2003, for the purpose of protecting the rights and interests of Korean film actors, promoting their welfare, and fostering camaraderie among its members. Its primary goal is to represent the rights and interests of actors and to carry out various activities to improve their status within the industry. The association is currently led by Chairman Lee Gap-seong.
Michiko Shimizu (athlete)
Michiko Shimizu (志水 見千子, Shimizu Michiko; born 22 September 1970 in Amino, Kyoto) is a retired Japanese long-distance runner who mainly competed in the 5000 metres. She finished fourth at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

Kyōtango
Kyōtango (京丹後市, Kyōtango-shi) is a city located in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.  As of 28 February 2022, the city had an estimated population of 52,683 in 22,886 households and a population density of 110 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 601.43 square kilometres (232.21 sq mi).
Geoffrey J. Morton
Geoffrey J. Morton, BEM (1907–1996) was a member of the Palestine Police, who, in two separate incidents, shot five people, three of them fatally. All five people were members of Lehi, a militant Zionist group which attempted to form an anti-British alliance with Nazi Germany and staged an insurgency against British rule in what was then called Mandatory Palestine (now Israel) during World War II, with the aim of creating an independent Jewish state. Among those killed was Avraham Stern, the leader of Lehi. The circumstances under which Morton killed Stern were disputed, and the controversy effectively ended his active police work in Palestine.

Avraham Stern
Avraham Stern (Hebrew: אברהם שטרן, Avraham Shtern; December 23, 1907 – February 12, 1942), alias Yair (Hebrew: יאיר), was one of the leaders of the Jewish paramilitary organization Irgun. In September 1940, he founded a breakaway militant Zionist group named Lehi, called the "Stern Gang" by the British authorities and by the mainstream in the Yishuv Jewish establishment. The group referred to its members as terrorists and admitted to having carried out terrorist attacks.

Stern's legacy is controversial due to his organization unsuccessfully attempting to form an alliance with Nazi Germany against the British during World War II. He was captured and killed by British colonial police in 1942.
Michael J. Brown
Michael J. Brown (born March 11, 1941) is a former American politician and appraiser.

Born in Woodstock, Illinois, Brown received his bachelor's degree from Illinois Institute of Technology. He also studied at Northwestern University and McHenry County College. He was an appraiser and lived in Crystal Lake, Illinois. On July 28, 1997, Brown was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives and served until 1999. Brown was a Republican.

Woodstock, Illinois
Woodstock is a city in and the county seat of McHenry County, Illinois, United States. It is located 51 miles (82 km) northwest of Chicago, making it one of the city's outermost suburbs. Per the 2020 census, the population was 25,630. The city's historic downtown district and turn-of-the-century town square is anchored by the landmark Woodstock Opera House and the Old McHenry County Courthouse. In 2007 Woodstock was named one of the nation's Dozen Distinctive Destinations by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
Finian's Rainbow (unfinished film)
Finian's Rainbow was an incomplete 1954 animated feature film, being an adaptation of the musical Finian's Rainbow. It began production in 1954 directed by John Hubley. The crew included Art Babbit, Bill Tytla and Paul Julian.

Among the cast were Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Oscar Peterson, Louis Armstrong, Barry Fitzgerald, Jim Backus and David Burns plus David Wayne and Ella Logan from the original Broadway production.

The film ran into difficulty due to Hubley and Harburg's refusal to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. The film was abandoned.

Some recordings survive along with several sketches.

Finian's Rainbow
Finian's Rainbow is a musical with a book by E. Y. Harburg and Fred Saidy, lyrics by Harburg, and music by Burton Lane, produced by Lee Sabinson. The original 1947 Broadway production ran for 725 performances, while a film version was released in 1968 and several revivals have followed.

An elderly Irishman, Finian McLonergan, moves to the southern United States with his daughter Sharon, to bury a stolen pot of gold near Fort Knox, in the mistaken belief that it will make him prosperous, as he imagines that the gold which he thinks has been buried at Fort Knox has made America prosperous. Og, a leprechaun, follows them, desperate to recover his treasure before the loss of it turns him permanently human. Complications arise when a bigoted and corrupt U.S. senator gets involved, and when wishes are made inadvertently over the hidden crock. The Irish-tinged music score includes gospel and R&B influences.