hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville
The COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).  The Autonomous Region of Bougainville's confirmed its first case of the COVID-19 pandemic on Friday, August 7, 2020, in Arawa, Bougainville. The first documented arrival of COVID-19 in Bougainville occurred just before the start of the Bougainvillean general and presidential elections, which took place over the course of three weeks beginning on August 12, 2020, and ending on September 1, 2020.

2020 Bougainvillean general election
A presidential and parliamentary election was held in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville between 12 August and 1 September 2020. 440 candidates were contesting the 40 seats in the Bougainville House of Representatives, including 25 competing to be President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville. The new government will negotiate the outcome of the 2019 Bougainvillean independence referendum, which saw 98.3% of voters supporting independence from Papua New Guinea.

Originally scheduled to be held in May, the elections were delayed twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic, first until June, and then again until August.

On 21 August 2020 the Electoral Commissioner announced that polling had almost been completed, one week ahead of schedule. On 24 August a police officer was suspended for allegedly interfering with the election. Several other officers are under investigation.
Willinakaqe
Willinakaqe is a dubious genus of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur described based on fossils from the late Cretaceous (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian stage) of the Río Negro Province of southern Argentina.

Saurolophinae
Saurolophinae is a subfamily of hadrosaurid dinosaurs. It has since the mid-20th century generally been called the Hadrosaurinae, a group of largely non-crested hadrosaurs related to the crested sub-family Lambeosaurinae. However, the name Hadrosaurinae is based on the genus Hadrosaurus which was found in more recent studies to be more primitive than either lambeosaurines or other traditional "hadrosaurines", like Edmontosaurus and Saurolophus. As a result of this, the name Hadrosaurinae was dropped or restricted to Hadrosaurus alone, and the subfamily comprising the traditional "hadrosaurines" was renamed the Saurolophinae. Recent phylogenetic work by Hai Xing indicates that Hadrosaurus is placed within the monophyletic group containing all non-lambeosaurine hadrosaurids. Under this view, the traditional Hadrosaurinae is resurrected, with the Hadrosauridae being divided into two clades: Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae.
Flavones
Flavones (from Latin flavus "yellow") are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) (as shown in the first image of this article).

Flavones are common in foods, mainly from spices, and some yellow or orange fruits and vegetables. Common flavones include apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), tangeritin (4',5,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone), chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), and 6-hydroxyflavone.

Apigenin
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a flavone compound that is the aglycone of several naturally occurring glycosides. It is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool.

Apigenin is abundant in parsley, celery, celeriac, and chamomile flowers. It occurs in many fruits and vegetables, with the highest concentrations in dried and fresh parsley.
Elias Viljanen
Elias "E.Vil" Einari Johannes Viljanen (born 8 July 1975) is a Finnish musician from Tampere, Finland, known for being the guitarist for Sonata Arctica since 2007. Viljanen joined Sonata Arctica in spring 2007 in order to replace Jani Liimatainen, who left the band in August 2007 to fulfill his civil duties in Finland. The decision was only made official on 8 August 2007, but Elias Viljanen had been known to replace Liimatainen in concerts during the spring and summer tour. Viljanen cites Kiss, Metallica, Slayer, and Whitesnake as his musical influences.

Jani Liimatainen
Jani Allan Kristian Liimatainen (born 9 September 1980) is a Finnish guitarist. He came to prominence as the guitarist for the power metal band Sonata Arctica between 1996 and 2007, and has since played in and founded bands such as Cain's Offering, The Dark Element and Insomnium. Liimatainen's playing style is well known for his meticulous and fast soloing and riffs.
Inter-city rail
Inter-city rail services are express trains that run services that connect cities over longer distances than commuter or regional trains. They include rail services that are neither short-distance commuter rail trains within one city area nor slow regional rail trains stopping at all stations and covering local journeys only. An inter-city train is typically an express train with limited stops and comfortable carriages to serve long-distance travel.

Inter-city rail sometimes provides international services. This is most prevalent in Europe because of the proximity of its 50 countries to a 10,180,000-square-kilometre (3,930,000-square-mile) area. Eurostar and EuroCity are examples. In many European countries, the word InterCity or Inter-City is an official brand name for a network of regular-interval and relatively long-distance train services that meet certain criteria of speed and comfort. That use of the term appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and has been widely imitated.

Limited-stop
In public transit, particularly bus, tram, or train transportation, a limited-stop (or sometimes referred to as semi-fast) service is a trip pattern that stops less frequently than a local service. Many limited-stop or semi-fast services are a combination of commuter rail and express train.

The term is normally used on routes with a mixture of fast and slow services, and can differ in meaning, depending on how it is used by different transit agencies. The main benefits of limited-stop or semi-fast services is the ability to utilise skip-stop calling pattern to maximise capacity along the line, as opposed to a commuter service stopping at every station which slows trailing express trains down.
Singapore Legal Service
The Singapore Legal Service is the collective body of lawyers who work in the courts, the Attorney-General's Chambers, and the legal departments of various government ministries and statutory boards in Singapore. Lawyers who are a part of the legal service are known as Legal Service Officers (LSO).

The legal service is an autonomous part of the Singapore Public Service. The employment of LSOs is the responsibility of the service alone, and is independent of the Civil Service of Singapore. The Legal Service Commission, established under Article 111 of the Singapore Constitution, controls the appointment, dismissal, and disciplinary action of members of the Service.

There were 307 Legal Service Officers as of 31 December 2008—about 10% of Singapore's practising lawyers. The current president of the legal service is Chief Justice Sundaresh Menon.

Judicial system of Singapore
Under the Constitution of Singapore, the judicial system of Singapore is divided into the Supreme Court which comprises the Court of Appeal and the High Court, and the subordinate courts, namely the State Courts and Family Justice Courts - collectively known as SG Courts.

As one of the three branches of the Singapore government, the judiciary enforces and interprets the laws, ensuring that all are equal before the law and have access to justice. The judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice.

Singapore practices the common law legal system, where the decisions of higher courts constitute binding precedent upon courts of equal or lower status within their jurisdiction, as opposed to the civil law legal system in continental Europe.

The current criminal code was preceded by the Indian Penal Code which was adopted when Singapore was a Crown colony of the British Empire.
Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen
The Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen is the titular head of the institution and President of the General Council. The Chancellor is elected by the university's graduate body, the General Council, and the role may be held for life. The main responsibilities of the role are to be an ambassador for the university, and to undertake other ceremonial duties, including conferring degrees on graduands on occasion.

The 11th Chancellor of the university is Her Majesty The Queen who succeeded The Lord Wilson of Tillyorn in January 2013.

David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn
David Clive Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn (Chinese: 衛奕信, born 14 February 1935) is a retired British administrator, diplomat and Sinologist. He was the penultimate Commander-in-Chief and 27th Governor of Hong Kong (from 1987 to 1992). He served as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the British Monarch's representative to the Assembly, in 2010 and 2011.
He is also one of two living former governors of Hong Kong, alongside Chris Patten. He retired from the House of Lords on 12 February 2021 after sitting as a crossbencher for more than 28 years.
Soutzos family
The House of Soutzos or Soutsos (Greek: Σούτσος, Σούτζος; Romanian: Suțu, Sutzu) was a Phanariote family which grew into prominence and power in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) during the last centuries of Ottoman Empire and gave several hospodars to the Danubian Principalities, like Alexandros Soutzos, Michael (I) Drakos Soutzos and Michael (II) Soutzos.

Alexandros Soutzos
Alexandros Soutzos (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Σούτζος, Romanian: Alexandru Suţu, Turkish: Drakozâde Aleko Bey; 1758 – 18/19 January 1821) was a Phanariote Greek who ruled as Prince of Moldavia (July 10, 1801 – October 1, 1802 and Prince of Wallachia (July 2, 1802 – August 30, 1802; August 24, 1806 – October 15, 1806; December 1806;  November 17, 1818 – January 19, 1821). Born in Constantinople, he had earlier been Grand Dragoman of the Ottoman Empire.
Montezuma Copper Mining Company of Santa Fé, New Mexico
The Montezuma Copper Mining Company of Santa Fé, New Mexico was incorporated (1861) in the American Territory of New Mexico for the purpose of mining precious metals, industrial metals, and coal in the counties of Santa Ana, Santa Fé, San Miguel, and Rio Arriba.

New Mexico Territory
The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912. It was created from the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico, as a result of Nuevo México becoming part of the American frontier after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. It existed with varying boundaries until the territory was admitted to the Union as the U.S. state of New Mexico in 1912. This jurisdiction was an organized, incorporated territory of the US for nearly 62 years, the longest period of any territory in the contiguous United States.
Bermondsey (electoral division)
Bermondsey was an electoral division for the purposes of elections to the Greater London Council. The constituency elected one councillor for a four-year term in 1973, 1977 and 1981, with the final term extended for an extra year ahead of the abolition of the Greater London Council.

Greater London Council
The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. It replaced the earlier London County Council (LCC) which had covered a much smaller area. The GLC was dissolved in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985 and its powers were devolved to the London boroughs and other entities. A new administrative body, known as the Greater London Authority (GLA), was established in 2000.
Zamalek SC (handball) in the IHF Super Globe
Zamalek Sporting Club is an Egyptian handball club based in Cairo. Zamalek qualified to the IHF Super Globe, the most prestigious handball club tournament of the International Handball Federation (IHF), 6 times, but withdrew 1 time (in 2018) and participated 5 times (in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2019, 2021), with these 5 participations, Zamalek is the most participating African team in the IHF Super Globe, and the 5th most participating team in the history of the tournament. As with all African clubs, the club qualifies through winning the African Handball Champions League (won a record 12 titles), or the African Handball Super Cup (won 7 titles). Zamalek had their best achievement in the IHF Super Globe when they won a bronze medal in 2010 (1st participation). In their 5 participations, Zamalek has never placed lower than 5th place (4th place twice and 5th place twice).

2019 IHF Super Globe
The 2019 IHF Super Globe was the thirteenth edition of the IHF Men's Super Globe, a yearly club world championship in handball organised by the International Handball Federation (IHF). The tournament was held in Dammam, Saudi Arabia from 27 to 31 August 2019.

FC Barcelona won their fifth title after defeating THW Kiel 34–32 in the final.
Tolkien and the Great War
Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth is a 2003 biography by John Garth of the philologist and fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien's early life, focusing on his formative military experiences during the First World War.

The book was warmly welcomed by Tolkien scholars as filling in an important gap in biographical coverage. Christian scholars too admired the book, though Ralph C. Wood thought that it underplayed the importance of Tolkien's Christianity. A reviewer for the Western Front Association thought the account of Tolkien's military service especially good. The book was called "plodding" by Tolkien's biographer, Humphrey Carpenter, but praised by other commentators.

The book won the 2004 Mythopoeic Award for Inklings Studies. It has prompted scholars to examine the influence of the war on Tolkien's writings.

Inklings
The Inklings were an informal literary discussion group associated with J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis at the University of Oxford for nearly two decades between the early 1930s and late 1949. The Inklings were literary enthusiasts who praised the value of narrative in fiction and encouraged the writing of fantasy. The best-known, apart from Tolkien and Lewis, were Charles Williams, and (although a Londoner) Owen Barfield.
Hello! (Good to Be Back)
"Hello! (Good to be Back)" is a song by German band Scooter. The song samples the refrain from Gary Glitter's 1973 single "Hello, Hello, I'm Back Again". It was released in October 2005 as the lead single from the album Who's Got the Last Laugh Now?.

Hello, Hello, I'm Back Again
"Hello, Hello, I'm Back Again" is a song by the English glam rock singer Gary Glitter, written by Glitter with Mike Leander and produced by Mike Leander. The precise title of the song is only said twice during the song, and as a result other more frequent sung lines have become alternative titles, these include "Hello, Hello, It's Good to Be Back", "It's Good to Be Back" and "Did You Miss Me?". Sometimes the title is shortened to simply "Hello, Hello".
Classic hip-hop
Classic hip hop is a music radio format focusing primarily on hip hop music from the 1980s, 1990s, and the early to mid-2000s.

Although stations with such a format date back as far as 2004, the format was first popularized in October 2014, after Radio One dropped a poorly performing news radio format from its Houston station KROI in favor of classic hip-hop. After attracting a dramatic increase in ratings, Radio One began to emulate the station's format and branding in other markets. At the same time, other major radio broadcasters began to introduce classic hip-hop stations in selected markets.

All-news radio
All-news radio is a radio format devoted entirely to the discussion and broadcast of news.

All-news radio is available in both local and syndicated forms, and is carried on both major US satellite radio networks. All-news stations can run the gamut from simulcasting an all-news television station like CNN, to a "rip and read" headline service, to stations that include live coverage of news events and long-form public affairs programming.

Many stations brand themselves Newsradio but only run news during the morning and afternoon drive times, or in some cases, broadcast talk radio shows with frequent news updates. These stations are properly labeled as "news/talk" stations. Also, some National Public Radio stations identify themselves as News and Information stations, which means that in addition to running the NPR news magazines such as Morning Edition and All Things Considered, they run other information and public affairs programs.
Coke Studio Pakistan season 15
The fifteenth season of the Pakistani music television series Coke Studio Pakistan aired from 14 April to 4 July 2024 and was produced and curated by Xulfi. Maintaining the format of the previous season, this season featured 11 original compositions released as individual singles, each accompanied by a dedicated music video.

Coke Studio Pakistan
Coke Studio Pakistan (Urdu: کوک اِسٹوڈیو پاکستان) is a Pakistani television programme and a part of the international music franchise, Coke Studio, which features studio-recorded music performances by established and emerging artists. It is the longest-running annual television music show in Pakistan, airing annually since 2008. The programme's concept originated in Brazil and has subsequently expanded its reach worldwide.

The show combines a myriad of musical influences, from traditional Pakistani classical, folk, Sufi, qawwali, ghazal and bhangra music to contemporary hip hop, rock and pop music. It is noted for promoting Pakistan's multiculturalism by inviting artists from various regions and languages to collaborate musically.
Luna Fluxá
Luna Jasmine Fluxá Cross (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈluna fluˈksa ˈkros]; born 9 August 2010) is a Spanish racing driver who is set to compete in the F4 Spanish Championship for Campos Racing as part of the Mercedes Junior Team.

Born and raised in Mallorca, Fluxá is the younger sister of racing drivers Lorenzo and Lucas Fluxá. She began competitive kart racing aged six, winning multiple international titles; by winning the OK-N class of Champions of the Future in 2024, she became the first female victor of a senior global championship in 58 years.

Susanna Raganelli
Susanna "Susy" Raganelli (born 21 February 1946) is an Italian former racing driver and kart racer. Raganelli won the Karting World Championship in 1966 with Tecno, and remains the only female to have won a four-wheel World Championship.
Tayseer al-Jabari
Tayseer Mahmoud al-Jabari (Arabic:تيسير محمود الجعبري;  January 18, 1972 – August 5, 2022) was a Palestinian militant and senior commander of the al-Quds Brigades, the military wing of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) movement. He succeeded Baha Abu al-Ata as the brigades' commander in the northern Gaza Strip, holding that position from the former's assassination in 2019 until his own assassination in 2022, which sparked the 2022 Gaza–Israel clashes.

Baha Abu al-Ata
Baha Abu al-Ata (Arabic: بهاء أبو العطا;‎ 25 November 1977 – 12 November 2019) was a leader of Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (PIJ). On 12 November 2019, the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) killed Abu al-Ata and his wife in a targeted killing, four of their children and a neighbour were also reportedly injured. The killings triggered clashes between Israelis and Palestinians. Khalil Bathani became the new leader of PIJ.
A23187
A23187 is a mobile ion-carrier that forms stable complexes with divalent cations (ions with a charge of +2). A23187 is also known as Calcimycin, Calcium Ionophore, Antibiotic A23187 and Calcium Ionophore A23187. It is produced at fermentation of Streptomyces chartreusensis.

Ionophore
In chemistry, an ionophore (from Greek  ion and  -phore 'ion carrier') is a chemical species that reversibly binds ions. Many ionophores are lipid-soluble entities that transport ions across the cell membrane. Ionophores catalyze ion transport across hydrophobic membranes, such as liquid polymeric membranes (carrier-based ion selective electrodes) or lipid bilayers found in the living cells or synthetic vesicles (liposomes). Structurally, an ionophore contains a hydrophilic center and a hydrophobic portion that interacts with the membrane.

Some ionophores are synthesized by microorganisms to import ions into their cells. Synthetic ion carriers have also been prepared. Ionophores selective for cations and anions have found many applications in analysis. These compounds have also shown to have various biological effects and a synergistic effect when combined with the ion they bind.
Kwame Baah (politician)
Colonel Kwame R. M. Baah (21 May 1938 – 8 April 1997) was a soldier and politician. He was the Ghanaian foreign minister between 1972 and 1975.

Colonel (then Major) Kwame Baah was appointed minister for foreign affairs after the government of Kofi Abrefa Busia was overthrown in a coup d'état on 13 January 1972. This replaced the Progress Party government with the National Redemption Council. He was then appointed foreign minister by General (then Colonel) Ignatius Kutu Acheampong in 1972, a position he held till 1975.

Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ghana)
The Minister for Foreign Affairs is a government official responsible for overseeing the foreign policy and international diplomacy of Ghana. Currently Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa, the minister is usually one of the most senior members of Cabinet. Under pre-1992 military regimes in Ghana, the title; minister has been replaced with commissioner or secretary.

During the government rule of Nana Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party between January 2017 and January 2025, the ministry was combined with other portfolios to form the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration under Shirley Ayorkor Botchway. On 18 September 2025, the ministry awarded diplomatic passport to the following Ghanaians, Ibrahim Mahama, Wade Maya, Rocky Dawuni, Anita Erskine and Dentaa.
Utsunomiya Domain
Utsunomiya Domain (宇都宮藩, Utsunomiya-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Tochigi Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Utsunomiya Castle in what is now part of the city of Utsunomiya. Utsunomiya was ruled by numerous daimyō clans during its history.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Distance-hereditary graph
In graph theory, a branch of discrete mathematics, a distance-hereditary graph (also called a completely separable graph) is a graph in which the distances in any connected induced subgraph are the same as they are in the original graph. Thus, any induced subgraph inherits the distances of the larger graph.

Distance-hereditary graphs were named and first studied by Howorka (1977), although an equivalent class of graphs was already shown to be perfect in 1970 by Olaru and Sachs.

It has been known for some time that the distance-hereditary graphs constitute an intersection class of graphs, but no intersection model was known until one was given by Gioan & Paul (2012).

Intersection graph
In graph theory, an intersection graph is a graph that represents the pattern of intersections of a family of sets. Any graph can be represented as an intersection graph, but some important special classes of graphs can be defined by the types of sets that are used to form an intersection representation of them.