hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Evagrius Ponticus
Evagrius Ponticus (Ancient Greek: Εὐάγριος ὁ Ποντικός), also called Evagrius the Solitary (345–399 AD), was a Christian monk and ascetic from Heraclea, a city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor. One of the most influential theologians in the late fourth-century church, he was well known as a thinker, polished speaker, and gifted writer. He left a promising ecclesiastical career in Constantinople and traveled to Jerusalem, where in 383 AD he became a monk at the monastery of Rufinus and Melania the Elder. He then went to Egypt and spent the remaining years of his life in Nitria and Kellia, marked by years of asceticism and writing. He was a disciple of several influential contemporary church leaders, including Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Macarius of Egypt. He was a teacher of others, including John Cassian and Palladius of Galatia.

Palladius of Galatia
Palladius of Galatia (Greek: Παλλάδιος Γαλατίας) was a Christian chronicler and the bishop of Helenopolis in Bithynia. He was a devoted disciple of Saint John Chrysostom. He is best remembered for his work, the Lausiac History. He was also the author of the Dialogue on the Life of Chrysostom.

Palladius is a saint in the Coptic Orthodox Church and in the Syrian Orthodox Church, wherein he is given the honorific title "The Solitary". His feast day is November 29.
Czesław Mączyński
Col. Czesław Mączyński (9 July 1881 in Kaszyce – 15 July 1935 in Lwów) was a Polish officer, politician in the Second Polish Republic, and the Commander-in-chief of the Polish military contingent during the defense of Lwów – also called the Battle of Lemberg – throughout November 1918 (part of the Polish–Ukrainian War), as well as the Polish–Soviet War of 1920. He was the recipient of some of the highest Polish military awards including Virtuti Militari, and a subject of the 2004 monograph by Jacek Miliński from University of Łódź.

Battle of Lemberg (1918)
The Battle of Lemberg (Lviv, Lwów) (in Polish historiography called obrona Lwowa, the Defense of Lwów) took place from November 1918 to May 1919 in the region of Galicia following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The battle, for control over the city of Lviv, was fought between forces of the local West Ukrainian People's Republic and urban Polish resistance, assisted later by the invading Polish military. The battle sparked the Polish-Ukrainian War, ultimately won by Poland as both nations fought the Ukrainian-Soviet War and Polish-Soviet Wars concurrently.
Ankler Media
Ankler Media is an American digital media company owned by the Ankler Media Group. In 2021, its Hollywood newsletter, The Ankler, was listed as one of the top three business publications on Substack and has been nominated for two Webby Awards.

Webby Awards
The Webby Awards (colloquially referred to as the Webbys) are awards for excellence on the Internet presented annually by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences, a judging body composed of over three thousand industry experts and technology innovators. Categories include websites, advertising and media, online film and video, mobile sites and apps, and social.

Two winners are selected in each category, one by members of The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences, and one by the public who cast their votes during Webby People's Voice voting. Each winner presents a five-word acceptance speech, a trademark of the annual awards show.

In its early years, the award was hailed as the "Internet’s highest honor" and was associated with the phrase "The Oscars of the Internet."
Ibrahim Fejić
Ibrahim ef. Fejić (1879 – 15 December 1962) was a Bosnian cleric who served as the grand mufti of Yugoslavia from 1947 to 1957. He previously served as the mayor of Mostar from 1929 to 1934. Fejić is most remembered for his endorsement of the campaign against the mandatory veiling of Muslim women.

Mostar
Mostar (pronounced [mǒstaːr] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the historical capital of Herzegovina.

Mostar is situated on the Neretva River and is the fifth-largest city in the country. Mostar was named after the bridge keepers (mostari) who guarded the Stari Most (Old Bridge) over the Neretva during the Ottoman era. The Old Bridge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most visited landmarks, and is considered an exemplary piece of Islamic architecture in the Balkans.
2024 Nationale 1 Masculin season
The 2024 Nationale 1 (N1) season was the 57th season of the Nationale 1 (NM1), the top-tier basketball league for men's teams in Senegal.

AS Douanes were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. ASCVD won their first national championship, after defeating DUC in the final. As champions, they qualified directly for the 2025 BAL season.

Nationale 1 Masculin
The Nationale 1 Masculin (abbreviated as NM1; in English: National 1 Men) is the highest professional basketball league in Senegal. Established in 1971, the league consists of 16 teams.

Each season is finished with a final in a single-game elimination format, held at the Marius Ndiaye Stadium in Dakar. AS Douanes is the most successful team in NM1 history with 11 won titles.

The champions of the NM1 qualify directly for the regular season of the Basketball Africa League (BAL), the premiere continental league. The bottom two teams are relegated to the second division Nationale 2.
Michael Pertschuk
Michael Pertschuk (January 12, 1933 – November 16, 2022) was an American attorney and advocate for consumer protection and public health. He served as a member of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) from 1977 to 1984, and served as FTC Chair from 1977 to 1981. During his tenure, Pertschuk worked to strengthen the FTC's consumer protection powers.

Prior to joining the FTC, Pertschuk worked on Capitol Hill, where he was nicknamed the "101st Senator" owing to his influence in passing consumer protection legislation. Pertschuk served as chief counsel and staff director to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation from 1965 to 1976 and was instrumental in drafting the landmark legislation requiring cigarette warning labels and banning broadcast advertising of tobacco products. He also helped pass automobile and product safety laws and the Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act.

Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act
The Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act (P.L. 93-637) is a United States federal law (15 U.S.C. § 2301 et seq.). Enacted in 1975, the federal statute governs warranties on consumer products. The law does not require any product to have a warranty (products generally may be sold "as is"), but if a product does have a warranty, the warranty must comply with the Act. The law was created to fix problems as a result of manufacturers using disclaimers on warranties in an unfair or misleading manner.
Curtiss S
The Curtiss S was a water-cooled 6-cylinder in-line aero-engine built by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company in 1912.

The Model S was designed by Charles B. Kirkham, who went on to become Curtiss's chief engineer. The engine retained the same cylinder bore and stroke as the company’s four-cylinder Model K but featured separate pushrods for the suction and exhaust valves. Production of the type was limited to six engines, five of which were acquired by the United States Navy.

Straight-six engine
A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders.

Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines gradually became more common in the 1970s and by the 2000s, V6 engines had replaced straight-six engines in most light automotive applications.

Due to their high and smooth torque, simplicity and reliability, weight and space, and balanced power delivery, straight-six engines are a common power source for trucks and buses.
Londis (Ireland)
Londis is a chain of convenience shop franchises operating in Ireland. The stores form a symbol group and are all owned on a franchise basis.

The parent company for Londis Ireland is wholesaler retail grocery franchise operator BWG Foods UC. In December 2012, the company has an estimated net worth of £319 million.

Symbol group
A symbol group is a form of franchise of convenience shops, found primarily in the United Kingdom and Ireland. They do not own or operate shops, but act as suppliers to independent shops which then trade under a common banner.

Unlike other forms of franchise, they have expanded primarily by selling their services to existing shops, rather than by actively developing new outlets. Examples of such franchises are Spar, Londis, Nisa Local and Centra.
Xiangshawan
Xiangshawan, also known as Whistling Dune Bay and by other names, is a AAAAA-rated tourist area in the Dalad Banner of Ordos Prefecture in Inner Mongolia, China. Amid China's general campaign to combat desertification, the mostly unreclaimable site in the Gobi's Kubuqi Desert was developed as the country's first desert-themed tourism resort. It now consists of four "islands" of activities located around the Sand Dune Resort. Mongolian folk culture is displayed, and annual cultural events include an International Photography Week and a sand sculpture festival. Most popular during the summer, Xiangshawan is currently developing a ski resort to attract tourists during the winter months as well.

Kubuqi Desert
The Kubuqi Desert (simplified Chinese: 库布齐沙漠; traditional Chinese: 庫布齊沙漠; pinyin: Kùbùqí Shāmò), also known via its Mongolian name as the Hobq Desert, is a desert within the Ordos Basin in northwestern China, under the administration of the Inner Mongolian Ordos City.  Located between the Hetao plains and the Loess Plateau, it is part of the Ordos Desert along with the neighboring Mu Us Desert to its south, and is the seventh-largest desert in China with an area of 18,600 km2 (7,200 sq mi).
William Astor Kirk
William Astor Kirk (October 5, 1922 – August 12, 2011) was a professor, author, a church lay leader and a social activist who worked for racial equality, gay rights, and to end segregation in the United Methodist Church.   He also served in the Office of Economic Opportunity, after being appointed by  President Lyndon Baines Johnson.  A contemporary of Heman Sweatt he sought equal access to higher education at the University of Texas and eventually was the first African-American to be awarded a political science doctorate by UT.

Heman Marion Sweatt
Heman Marion Sweatt (December 11, 1912 – October 3, 1982) was an African-American civil rights activist who confronted Jim Crow laws. He is best known for the Sweatt v. Painter lawsuit, which challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine and was one of the earliest of the events that led to the desegregation of American higher education.
Palace of Justice, Antwerp
The Palace of Justice of Antwerp (Dutch: Justitiepaleis Antwerpen), commonly known as the Antwerp Law Courts (Dutch: Gerechtsgebouw Antwerpen), De Frietzakken, and the Butterfly Palace (Dutch: Vlinderpaleis), is a courthouse in Antwerp, Belgium. The building was erected on the site of the former Antwerp-South railway station, over the Bolivar Tunnel (Dutch: Bolivartunnel), and it houses eight district civil and criminal courts. It was inaugurated on 28 March 2006 by King Albert II, Minister of Justice Laurette Onkelinx, Minister of Finance Didier Reynders, governor Camille Paulus and mayor Patrick Janssens. The building was designed by the Richard Rogers Partnership, VK Studio and Arup.

Arup Group
Arup, officially Arup Group Limited, is a British multinational professional services firm headquartered in London that provides design, engineering, architecture, planning, and advisory services across every aspect of the built environment. It employs about 17,000 people in over 90 offices across 35 countries, and has participated in projects in over 160 countries.

Arup was established in 1946 by Sir Ove Arup as Ove N. Arup Consulting Engineers. Through its involvement in high-profile projects such as the Sydney Opera House, it became well known for undertaking complex and challenging projects. In 1970, Arup stepped down from actively leading the company, setting out the principles which have continued to guide its operation.

Arup's ownership is structured as a trust whose beneficiaries are its employees, past and present, who receive a share of its operating profit each year.
Nai Laila Naya Majnu
Nai Laila Naya Majnu is a 1969 Pakistani Urdu romantic comedy film directed by Munawar Rasheed. The lead cast included Naseema Khan, Kemal, Aliya, Lehri, and Asad Bukhari. The film won 2 Nigar Awards in different categories.

Lehri (actor)
Safirullah Siddiqui (2 January 1929 – 13 September 2012), commonly known by his stage name Lehri, was a Pakistani comedian and an actor in the Urdu film industry of Pakistan.

He is still considered as one of the most acclaimed comedians of South Asia, and is known as the comedy king in the Pakistan film industry.

In a film career spanning 38 years, he acted in 225 movies.

He won 12 Nigar Awards for "Best Comedian" from 1963 to 1982.
Madayipara
Madayipara is a flat-topped hillock located in the Madayi, of Kannur district of Kerala state in the Southern India. It overlooks the town of Payangadi on the northern bank of Kuppam River.

It is popular being the site of the Madayi Kavu (Thiruvar Kadu Bhagavathi Temple) of Goddess Kali, Shakthi, the Vadukunnu Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. The Shiva temple of Madayipara was razed by followers of Tippu Sultan in the 18th century. However, now it has been rebuilt.

The area is also known for the Malik Ibn Dinar mosque, which is believed to have been originally built by Malik Ibn Dinar, a Muslim preacher. The remnants of a fort built is also present here, and the part is known as Kottakunnu.

Malik Dinar
Malik Dinar (Arabic: مالك دينار, romanized: Mālik b. Dīnār, Malayalam: മാലിക് ദീനാര്‍) (died 748 CE) was a Muslim scholar and traveller. He was one of the first known Muslims to have come to India in order to teach Islam in the Indian subcontinent after the departure of King Cheraman Perumal. Even though historians have disagreed on the exact place of his death, it is widely accepted that he died at Kasaragod and that his "relics" were buried at the Malik Dinar Mosque in Thalangara, Kasaragod. This has no definite proof and has been debunked multiple times as Islamic Scholars have widely disagreed on this notion. Belonging to the generation of the tabi'i, Malik is called a reliable traditionalist in Sunni sources. He was the son of a slave from Kabul who became a disciple of Hasan al-Basri. He died just before the epidemic of plague which caused considerable ravages in Basra in 748-49 CE, with various traditions placing his death either at 744-45 or 747-48 CE.
Visitor pattern
A visitor pattern is a software design pattern that separates the algorithm from the object structure. Because of this separation, new operations can be added to existing object structures without modifying the structures. It is one way to follow the open/closed principle in object-oriented programming and software engineering.

In essence, the visitor allows adding new virtual functions to a family of classes, without modifying the classes. Instead, a visitor class is created that implements all of the appropriate specializations of the virtual function. The visitor takes the instance reference as input, and implements the goal through double dispatch.

Programming languages with sum types and pattern matching obviate many of the benefits of the visitor pattern, as the visitor class is able to both easily branch on the type of the object and generate a compiler error if a new object type is defined which the visitor does not yet handle.

Tagged union
In computer science, a tagged union, also called a variant, variant record, choice type, discriminated union, disjoint union, sum type, or coproduct, is a data structure used to hold a value that could take on several different, but fixed, types. Only one of the types can be in use at any one time, and a tag field explicitly indicates which type is in use. It can be thought of as a type that has several "cases", each of which should be handled correctly when that type is manipulated. This is critical in defining recursive datatypes, in which some component of a value may have the same type as that value, for example in defining a type for representing trees, where it is necessary to distinguish multi-node subtrees and leaves. Like ordinary unions, tagged unions can save storage by overlapping storage areas for each type, since only one is in use at a time.
Tô Lịch River
Tô Lịch River (Vietnamese: Sông Tô Lịch) is a small river, flowing in the territory of the Hanoi capital. Mainstream Tô Lịch river flows through the districts Cầu Giấy, Thanh Xuân, Hoàng Mai and Thanh Trì. It is also known as Đại Kim giang (Đại Kim River). Despite its historical significance, the river is currently very polluted and has a pungent smell. It is one of the largest environmental disasters due to Hanoi's urbanization.

Red River (Asia)
The Red River or the Hong River (traditional Chinese: 紅河; simplified Chinese: 红河; pinyin: Hóng Hé; Vietnamese: Sông Hồng; Chữ Nôm: 瀧紅), also known as the Sông Cái (lit. "Main River"; Chữ Nôm: 瀧丐) in Vietnamese and the Yuan River (元江, Yuán Jiāng) in Chinese, is a 1,149-kilometer (714 mi)-long river that flows from Yunnan in Southwest China through northern Vietnam to the Gulf of Tonkin. According to C. Michael Hogan, the associated Red River Fault was instrumental in forming the entire South China Sea at least as early as 37 million years before present. The name red and southern position in China are associated in traditional cardinal directions. The river is relatively shallow, and carries a lot of reddish silt along its way, appearing red brown in colour.
Bleeding diathesis
In medicine (hematology), bleeding diathesis  is an unusual susceptibility to bleed (hemorrhage) mostly due to hypocoagulability (a condition of irregular and slow blood clotting), in turn caused by a coagulopathy (a defect in the system of coagulation). Therefore, this may result in the reduction of platelets being produced and leads to excessive bleeding. Several types of coagulopathy are distinguished, ranging from mild to lethal. Coagulopathy can be caused by thinning of the skin (Cushing's syndrome), such that the skin is weakened and is bruised easily and frequently without any trauma or injury to the body. Also, coagulopathy can be contributed by impaired wound healing or impaired clot formation.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Larry Croom
Larry Croom (born October 29, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). Croom played for Long Beach Polytechnic High School and then played college football for the Arizona Wildcats before transferring to the UNLV Rebels. He also played professionally in the German Football League.

Originally signed as a free agent for the Arizona Cardinals, he saw little playing time before being cut. He played briefly for the Hamburg Sea Devils, and was on the practice squads of the Tennessee Titans, the Detroit Lions, and the San Diego Chargers before playing for the Steelers.

Croom played in the German Football League for five seasons with the Dresden Monarchs and Berlin Adler.

German Football League
The German Football League (GFL) is a professional American football league in Germany. The league was formed in 1979. In 1999, the league changed to its current name from American-Football-Bundesliga. Rules are based on American NCAA rules.

In terms of attendance figures, cumulative salaries paid by teams, performance in international exhibition games and competitions and ability to draw foreign talent, the GFL is generally considered the most competitive national league in Europe.
QBZ-95
The Type 95 automatic rifle (Chinese: 95式自动步枪; pinyin: 95 Shì Zìdòng Bùqiāng) or QBZ-95 is a bullpup assault rifle designed and manufactured by Norinco, and issued since 1995 as the service rifle for the People's Liberation Army, People's Armed Police, and various law enforcement agencies in the People's Republic of China.

Norinco
China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, doing business internationally as Norinco Group (an abbreviation of "North Industries Corporation"), and known within China as China Ordnance Industries Group Corporation Limited (Chinese: 中国兵器工业集团有限公司), is a Chinese state-owned defense corporation that manufactures commercial and military products. Norinco Group is one of the world's largest defense contractors.

The company's subsidiary, China North Industries Corporation (Chinese: 中国北方工业有限公司), or simply Norinco, markets Norinco Group's products internationally, and is also involved in domestic civil construction and military defense projects.

Some of Norinco's international customers include Iran, Pakistan, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it negotiated arms-for-minerals deals, as well as Venezuela.
Politics of Bihar
The political landscape of Bihar, a state in eastern India, is dominated by regional political parties. As of 2025, the main political groups are the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Janata Dal (United) (JD(U)), Indian National Congress (INC), Left Front, Hindustani Awam Morcha (HAM), and the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM). Additionally, there are smaller regional parties that include Samata Party, Rashtriya Jan Jan Party, Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal, Jan Adhikar Party, Vikassheel Insaan Party, Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas), and Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party. As of 2025, Bihar is currently governed by the NDA, after the alliance's victory in the 2025 election.

All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
The All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (lit. 'All India Council for Unity of Muslims'; abbr. AIMIM) or simply Majlis, is a right-wing Indian political party based primarily in the old city of Hyderabad. It is also a significant political party in the Indian states of Telangana, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

AIMIM has held the Lok Sabha seats for the Hyderabad constituency since 1984. In the 2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly elections, the party won seven seats and received recognition as a "state party" by the Election Commission of India.

For much of its existence, it had little presence beyond old Hyderabad. However, in more recent years, it has begun expanding into other states. It now has a significant presence in Maharashtra, with Imtiyaz Jaleel winning the Aurangabad Lok Sabha constituency in 2019 and with multiple members elected to the Legislative Assembly. It has also made inroads in Bihar, winning five Legislative Assembly seats in 2020.