hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mneme Lake
Mneme Lake (Bulgarian: езеро Мнема, romanized: ezero Mnema, IPA: [ˈɛzɛro ˈmnɛmɐ]) is the oval-shaped 220 m long in southwest–northeast direction and 85 m wide lake on the northwest coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It has a surface area of 1.3 ha and is separated from the waters of Barclay Bay by a 12 to 40 m wide strip of land. The lake and its vicinity lie in a restricted zone of scientific importance to Antarctic microbiology, part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area Byers Peninsula.

The feature is named after Mneme, the nymph of memory in Greek mythology.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
AMAP-ADS
The ADS (active defence system), formerly known as AMAP-ADS, is a hard-kill active protection system (APS), developed by the German company ADS Gesellschaft für aktive Schutzsysteme, a subsidiary of Rheinmetall and IBD Deisenroth Engineering, as part of their Advanced Modular Armor Protection concept. The system was also known under the name AAC (Active Armour Concept) in Sweden and as Shark in France.

In 2019, a new version of the ADS known as the hybrid protection module was revealed, which integrates the components of the active protection system into passive spaced armour. It is marketed internationally under the name StrikeShield.

Due to its modular design, the ADS can be adapted to a broad range of vehicles and is capable of protecting light vehicles against large-calibre weapons, which light armour wouldn't stop.

Countermeasure
A countermeasure is a measure or action taken to counter or offset another one. As a general concept, it implies precision and is any technological or tactical solution or system designed to prevent an undesirable outcome in the process. The first known use of the term according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary was in 1923.

Countermeasures can refer to the following disciplinary spectrum:

Medicine

Materials engineering

Electro-magnetic engineering

Policing

Information technology

International Law

Diplomatic security

Pollution prevention

Aviation

Defense countermeasures are often divided into "active" and "passive".
Tennessee Democratic Party
The Tennessee Democratic Party (TNDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in Tennessee. The party was founded in 1826 initially as the Jacksonian Party. The Tennessee Democratic Party was born out of President Andrew Jackson's populist philosophy of Jacksonian democracy in the mid to late-1820s. After Jackson left office, the Democratic Party struggled in the state as the Whig Party would go on to be the dominant party in Tennessee until its collapse after the 1852 Election. Prior to the Civil War, as a result of the collapse of the former Whig Party, the Democratic Party became the dominant party in the state. After the war ended, the Republican Party would be the dominant political party during Reconstruction, but once Reconstruction ended, the Democratic Party would dominate Tennessee Politics up until 2011 when the Republican Party would gain firm control of Tennessee State Government.

Government of Tennessee
The Government of Tennessee is organized under the provisions of the 1870 Constitution of Tennessee, first adopted in 1796. As set forth by the state constitution, administrative influence in Tennessee is divided among three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial.

The seat of the government in Tennessee is located in its capital city of Nashville.
EKWB
EKWB (Edvard König Water Blocks), better known as EK Water Blocks, is a Slovenian company founded in 2003 that manufactures high-end computer water cooling, extreme cooling, and some air cooling components for CPUs, GPU, RAM, and SSDs. Their target audience consists of custom PC building enthusiasts and professionals, and the company offers a wide range of water-cooling products. EKWB sells its products through several authorized distributors worldwide, but also maintains its web store focused on direct-to-consumer sales. Its primary brand strategy makes use of influencer marketing to advertise products through sponsorships or review samples.

Overclocking
In computing, overclocking is the practice of increasing the clock rate of a semiconductor device, such as a processor, beyond its rated speed, potentially increasing its performance. Overclocked devices, however, may have shorter lifespans, become unstable and unreliable, and in extreme cases, be permanently damaged. Many manufacturers do not cover damage from overclocking in their warranties, while some allow it inside a predefined safety margin.
Thrippunithura Assembly constituency
Thrippunithura State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India.  It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is K. Babu of Indian National Congress.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Santa Rosa Scuba Divers
The Santa Rosa Scuba Divers were a professional baseball team based in Santa Rosa, California, that began play in 2022. They were a member of the Pacific Division of the Pecos League, an independent baseball league which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball or Minor League Baseball. They played their home games at Doyle Park.

Santa Rosa, California
Santa Rosa (Spanish for "Saint Rose") is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County, in the North Bay region of the Bay Area in California. Its population as of the 2020 census was 178,127. It is the largest city in California's Wine Country and Redwood Coast. It is the fifth most populous city in the Bay Area after San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, and Fremont; and the 27th-most populous city in California.
Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).

Second
The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day, first into hours, then into minutes, and lastly into seconds, for a total of 24 × 60 × 60 = 86,400 seconds per day. The definition that is based on 1⁄86400 of a rotation of the earth is still used by the Universal Time 1 (UT1) system.

The current and formal definition in the International System of Units (SI) is more precise:

The second [...] is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, ΔνCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1.

This current definition was adopted in 1967 when it became feasible to define the second based on fundamental properties of nature with caesium clocks. As the speed of Earth's rotation varies and is slowing ever so slightly, a leap second is added at irregular intervals to civil time to keep clocks in sync with Earth's rotation.
Córdoba Mitre railway station
Córdoba is a train station in the city of the same name of Córdoba Province, Argentina.

The station was originally built and operated by the Córdoba Central Railway and then added to Ferrocarril Mitre network. It is currently operated by two companies: State-owned Trenes Argentinos (for passenger services) and private Nuevo Central Argentino (NCA) that runs freight trains on the line.

Freight train
A freight train, goods train, or cargo train, is a railway train that is used to carry cargo, as opposed to passengers. Freight trains are made up of one or more locomotives which provide propulsion, along with one or more railroad cars (also known as wagons) which carry freight. A wide variety of cargoes are carried on trains, but the low friction inherent to rail transport means that freight trains are especially suited to carrying bulk and heavy loads over longer distances.
Alvarinho (footballer)
Álvaro Ricardo Faustino Gomes (born 3 September 1990), known as Alvarinho, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a winger for Moncarapachense.

He played five Primeira Liga games for Paços de Ferreira and Farense, nearly a decade apart, as well as 37 matches and four goals in the second tier for the latter. Abroad, he represented three clubs in the Polish Ekstraklasa, winning the national cup with Zawisza Bydgoszcz in 2014.

S.C. Farense
Sporting Clube Farense, simply known as Farense, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Faro in the district of the same name and the region of Algarve. Founded in 1910, the club currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2.
Exit Players
The Yale Ex!t Players, or the Exit Players, is an improvisational comedy group at Yale University in New Haven, CT, United States.  The Exit Players was founded in 1984, making it the oldest Yale comedy group.  It is also one of the oldest college improv groups in the country, older than any other improv group across the Ivy League schools.  Official website.

Comedy troupe
A comedy troupe is a group of comedians and associated personnel who work together to perform comedy as entertainment. The term is often used interchangeably with comedy group, and the troupe may specialize in a specific genre or style of comedy.

Some examples of comedy troupes include: the Marx Brothers, the Three Stooges, Laurel and Hardy, Martin and Lewis, Abbott and Costello, Cheech & Chong, the Second City, Kalabhavan, the Firesign Theatre, Monty Python, Blue Collar Comedy Tour, Penn and Teller, the Kids in the Hall, the Mighty Boosh, the Trailer Park Boys, The Whitest Kids U' Know, the Tenderloins, the Hollow Men, Asperger's Are Us, Kummeli, Senario, and Them There.
Dave Lowe (atmospheric scientist)
David Charles Lowe (born 1946) is a New Zealand atmospheric scientist who was instrumental in setting up the Baring Head atmospheric CO2 programme in 1972. A researcher and educator, Lowe was one of the lead authors of a 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report which was recognised with a Nobel Peace Prize.

Lowe has worked with others such as Charles David Keeling, to measure the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and how this is contributing to climate change, in particular global warming. He is an adjunct professor of atmospheric chemistry at the Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington.

Lowe's memoir was published in 2021 and received favourable reviews in the New Zealand media.

Charles David Keeling
Charles David Keeling (April 20, 1928 – June 20, 2005) was an American scientist whose recording of atmospheric carbon dioxide at the Mauna Loa Observatory confirmed Svante Arrhenius's proposition (1896) of the possibility of anthropogenic contribution to the greenhouse effect and global warming, by documenting the steadily rising carbon dioxide levels.  The Keeling Curve measures the progressive buildup of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere.
Lake Kokanee
Lake Kokanee, also known as Lower Lake Cushman, is a 150-acre (607,000 m2) reservoir on the North Fork of the Skokomish River in Mason County, Washington. The lake is maintained by Cushman Dam No. 2, providing electrical power to the Tacoma Power system.

Tacoma Power
Tacoma Power is a public utility providing electrical power to Tacoma, Washington and the surrounding areas. Tacoma Power serves the cities of Tacoma, University Place, Fircrest, and Fife, and also provides service to parts of Steilacoom, Lakewood, and unincorporated Pierce County. It is a division of the Tacoma Public Utilities and owns the Click! Network, developed by Steven Klein, Tacoma Power's former superintendent.
Nautical operations
Nautical operations refers to the crew operation of a ship. It is the term used in academic education to refer to the studies of this professional field.  Nautical operations refers to all the operational procedures, specific roles of officers and crew members,  and regular functions and technical processes, which together shape the structure and functions for the general operations of a ship.

Watchkeeping
Watchkeeping or watchstanding is the assignment of sailors to specific roles on a ship to operate it continuously. These assignments, also known at sea as watches, are constantly active as they are considered essential to the safe operation of the vessel and also allow the ship to respond to emergencies and other situations quickly. These watches are divided into work periods to ensure that the roles are always occupied at all times, while those members of the crew who are assigned to work during a watch are known as watchkeepers.

On a typical seafaring vessel, be it naval or merchant, personnel "keep a watch" in various locations and duties across the ship, such as the bridge and engine room. Typical bridge watchkeepers include a lookout and a deck officer who is responsible for the safe navigation of the ship; whereas in the engine room, an engine officer ensures that running machinery continues to operate within tolerances.
Aparat
Aparat (Persian: آپارات, Âpârât) is an Iranian video-sharing and social media platform established in 2011 by Saba Idea. Headquartered in Tehran, Iran, it has become the most visited video-sharing service in Iran, offering a diverse range of content across various genres, including entertainment, education, and news. It user base exceeds 60 million monthly users. The platform also recorded 21 million daily pageviews, totaling approximately 7.6 billion annually. Aparat was selected as the best film website in 2011.

Online video platform
An online video platform (OVP) enables users to upload, convert, store, and play back video content on the Internet, often via a private server structured, large-scale system that may generate revenue. Users will generally upload video content via the hosting service's website, mobile or desktop application, or other interfaces (API), and typically provide embedded codes or links that allow others to view the video content.
536th Tactical Airlift Squadron
The 536th Tactical Airlift Squadron is an inactive squadron of the United States Air Force.  The unit was last active at Cam Ranh Bay Air Base Viet Nam, where it was inactivated on 15 October 1971.

The squadron was first established during World War II as the 536th Fighter Squadron.  It served as a Replacement Training Unit for Republic P-47 Thunderbolt pilots until it was disbanded in a major reorganization of the Army Air Forces in 1944 designed to streamline training organizations.

In 1952, the squadron was redesignated as the 536th Troop Carrier Squadron, and activated at Atterbury Air Force Base to replace elements of the 923d Reserve Training Wing.  The following year the squadron was inactivated and replaced at Atterbury by the 72d Troop Carrier Squadron.

The unit was activated again in Viet Nam as a C-7 Caribou squadron assigned to the 483d Tactical Airlift Wing; the squadron was awarded three Presidential Unit Citations for its actions during the Viet Nam War.

De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou
The de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou (designated by the United States military as the CV-2 and later C-7 Caribou) is a Canadian specialized cargo aircraft with short takeoff and landing (STOL) capability developed by de Havilland Canada. The Caribou was first flown in 1958 and although mainly retired from military operations, is still in use in small numbers as a rugged bush airplane. The type certificate of the aircraft is now owned by De Havilland Canada founded in 2019.

The design was further developed as the de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo, adding turboprop engines and other changes that further improved its short-field performance to the point where it competes with light aircraft even with a full load.
Anchil Oral Arjunan
Anchil Oral Arjunan is a 2007 Indian Malayalam-language family drama film directed by Anil and starring Jayaram, Padmapriya, Samvrutha, Siddique, Sreenivasan, Madhu Warrier, Jagathy Sreekumar and Venu Nagavally. The film was a box office failure.

Samvrutha Sunil
Samvritha Sunil (born 31 October 1986) is an Indian former actress who appeared mainly in Malayalam films. She made her debut in 2004 through the film Rasikan directed by Lal Jose. She has acted in over 47 movies.

Her best known films include Arabikkatha (2007), Chocolate (2007), Thirakkatha (2008), Boomi Malayalam (2009), Cocktail (2010), Manikyakkallu (2011), Swapna Sanchari (2011), Arike (2012), Diamond Necklace (2012) and Ayalum Njanum Thammil (2012). After a hiatus of 6 years, she made her comeback through the 2018 television show Nayika Nayakan.
This Is Gavin Newsom
This Is Gavin Newsom is a political podcast hosted by American politician and businessman Gavin Newsom, the 40th governor of California. The podcast aims to expand his national audience by participating in extended discussions with various political media personalities. Its trailer was released on February 26, 2025. Its first episode later aired on March 6, 2025 with conservative activist and co-founder of Turning Point USA Charlie Kirk as his first guest. As of February 18, 2026, 54 episodes of This Is Gavin Newsom have been released. In June 15, 2025, the show's YouTube channel received a Silver Creator award for surpassing 100,000 subscribers. On October 4, 2025, it surpassed 200,000 subscribers.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
Jalakandapuram
Jalakandapuram  is a panchayat town in Mettur taluk of Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the 31 panchayat towns in the district. Spread across an area of 4.66 km2 (1.80 sq mi), it had a population of 16,184 individuals as per the 2011 census.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Metadata publishing
Metadata publishing is the process of making metadata data elements available to external users, both people and machines using a formal review process and a commitment to change control processes.

Metadata publishing is the foundation upon which advanced distributed computing functions are being built.  But like building foundations, care must be taken in metadata publishing systems to ensure the structural integrity of the systems built on top of them.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Dário Villares Barbosa
Dário Villares Barbosa (1880, Campinas – 1952, Paris) was a Brazilian painter. He is known for his paintings that depict the people and landscapes of Spain and North Africa, which he encountered during his travels. Barbosa's works are distinguished from other painters of his time because they already showed traces of modernity. His style of painting was marked by bold colors and strong brushwork, which gave his works a sense of liveliness and vitality. Barbosa's works are held in various collections worldwide, and he is considered one of the most significant Brazilian painters of the early 20th century.

Brazilian art
The creation of art in the geographic area now known as Brazil begins with the earliest records of its human habitation. The original inhabitants of the land, pre-Cabraline Indigenous or Natives peoples, produced various forms of art; specific cultures like the Marajoara left sophisticated painted pottery. This area was colonized by Portugal in the 16th century and given the modern name of Brazil. Brazilian art is most commonly used as an umbrella term for art created in this region post Portuguese colonization.
Ivan Sokulskyi
Ivan Hryhorovych Sokulskyi (Ukrainian: Іва́н Григо́рович Соку́льський; 13 July 1940 – 22 June 1992) was a Ukrainian poet, Soviet dissident and human rights activist who was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group.

Ukrainian Helsinki Group
The Ukrainian Helsinki Group (Ukrainian: Українська Гельсінська Група, romanized: Ukrainska Helsinska Hrupa) was founded on November 9, 1976, as the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation of the Helsinki Accords on Human Rights (Ukrainian: Українська громадська група сприяння виконанню гельсінських угод, romanized: Ukrainska hromadska hrupa spryiannia vykonanniu helsinskykh uhod) to monitor human rights in Ukraine. The group was active until 1981 when all members were jailed.

The group's goal was to monitor the Soviet Government's compliance with the Helsinki Accords, which ensure human rights. The members of the group based the group's legal viability on the provision in the Helsinki Final Act, Principle VII, which established the rights of individuals to know and act upon their rights and duties.