hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
War of Te Kupenga
The War of Te Kupenga was a conflict in early 1820s New Zealand in which the Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti and Ngāti Hinepare hapū of Ngāti Kahungunu fought against Ngāti Tūwharetoa

The war arose out a marriage dispute within Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti. A number of their chiefs responded to this by leading an attack on the east coast of Lake Taupō, in which they attacked a hapū of Tūwharetoa with only a tangential connection to the dispute. Ngāti Tūwharetoa responded with an attack on the heartland of Ngāti Te Whatuiāpiti in the Ahimanawa Range, led by the young Mananui Te Heuheu Tūkino II. The war ended when the rest of Ngāti Kahungunu chose not to seek revenge for this attack. Alongside battles with Ngāti Maru, the war of Te Kupenga played an important role in Te Heuheu's rise to become paramount chief of Ngāti Tūwharetoa, a position still held by his family today.

Ngāti Tūwharetoa
Ngāti Tūwharetoa is an iwi descended from Ngātoro-i-rangi, the priest who navigated the Arawa canoe to New Zealand. The Tūwharetoa region extends from Te Awa o te Atua (Tarawera River) at Matatā across the central plateau of the North Island to the lands around Mount Tongariro and Lake Taupō.

Tūwharetoa is the sixth largest iwi in New Zealand, with a population of 35,877 of the 2013 New Zealand census, and 40% of its people under the age of 15. The tribe consists of a number of hapū (subtribes) represented by 33 marae (meeting places). The collective is bound together by the legacy of Ngātoro-i-rangi as epitomised in the ariki (paramount chief), currently Sir Tumu te Heuheu Tūkino VIII.

In the 2013 New Zealand census 35,877 people identified as Ngāti Tūwharetoa. By the 2018 New Zealand census, there were at least 47,103 people identifying with the iwi, including 44,448 identifying with the Taupō branch, and 2,655 identifying with the Kawerau branch.
Populiculture
Populiculture is the name given to various types of cultivation in artificial poplar stands (Populus sp.), on the fringe between agriculture and forestry. Its manager is called a "poplar farmer".

Their ease of planting, rapid growth, and natural affinity for very wet, but not swampy, biotopes make them one of the most widely cultivated species in France, Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as in many former wetlands.

To boost their growth, poplars (varieties or cultivars resulting from hybridization between poplars of European or American origin, generally first selected for their rapid growth) are sometimes planted on soil prepared by subsoiling or ploughing, often after weeding and sometimes fertilizing and drainage using techniques more reminiscent of agriculture than forestry.

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.
William Ratcliffe
William Ratcliffe VC MM (18 January 1884 – 26 March 1963) was an English private of South Lancashire Regiment. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
Mant tehsil
Mant, also Mat, is a town and Tehsil in Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Mant is situated 23 kilometers (14.3 miles) from the city of Mathura and 45 kilometers (28 miles) from Khair City. It belongs to the Agra Division.

Mathura district
Mathura district (Hindi pronunciation: [mət̪ʰʊɾaː]), situated along the banks of the river Yamuna, is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of north-central India. The historic city of Mathura is the district headquarters. Mathura district is home to many important sites associated with goddess Radha and Lord Krishna, who according to legend, was born in Mathura and grew up in the nearby town of Vrindavan. Both cities are some of the most sacred sites in the Vaishnava tradition, making Mathura district an important Hindu pilgrimage centre.

The District is part of Agra division. Total area of Mathura district is 3340 sq. km. There are 5 tehsils in Mathura district.

Mathura

Govardhan

Chhata

Mant

Mahavan. Mathura is bounded on the northeast by Aligarh district, on the southeast by Hathras district, on the south by Agra district, and on the west by Rajasthan and northwest by Haryana state.
Landgrave
Landgrave (German: Landgraf, Dutch: landgraaf, Swedish: lantgreve, French: landgrave; Latin: comes magnus, comes patriae, comes provinciae, comes terrae, comes principalis, lantgravius) was a rank of nobility used in the Holy Roman Empire, and its former territories. The German titles of Landgraf, Markgraf ("margrave"), and Pfalzgraf ("count palatine") are of roughly equal rank, subordinate to Herzog ("duke"), and superior to Graf ("count").

Count palatine
A count palatine (Latin comes palatinus), also count of the palace or palsgrave (from German Pfalzgraf), was originally an official attached to a royal or imperial palace or household and later a nobleman of a rank above that of an ordinary count. The title originated in the Late Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages especially and into modern times, it is associated with the Holy Roman Empire, especially Electoral Palatinate.

The office, jurisdiction or territory of a count palatine was a county palatine or palatinate. In England the forms earl palatine and palatine earldom are rare alternative terms.
Texas A&M University–San Antonio
Texas A&M University–San Antonio is a public university in San Antonio, Texas, United States. It is part of the Texas A&M University System. The university was established on May 23, 2009, and held its first classes as a stand-alone university on August 20, 2009. It currently enrolls more than 7,300 students and offers undergraduate and graduate-level classes, as well as a graduate alternative teacher certification program. Texas A&M–San Antonio has 161 full and part-time faculty. Texas A&M–San Antonio is the first Texas A&M University System institution to be established in a major urban center.

Texas A&M University System
The Texas A&M University System is a state university system in Texas and is one of the state's seven independent university systems.

The Texas A&M University System is one of the largest systems of higher education in the United States, with a budget of $7.3 billion. Through a statewide network of 12 universities, 8 state agencies, and the RELLIS Campus, the Texas A&M System educates nearly 170,000 students and makes more than 22 million additional educational contacts through service and outreach programs each year. System-wide, research and development expenditures exceeded $1.6 billion and helped drive the state's economy.

The system's flagship institution is Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. The letters "A&M" (originally A.M.C. for "agricultural and mechanical college") are retained to honor the university's former designation.
Elimelech of Lizhensk
Elimelech Weisblum of Lizhensk (1717–March 11, 1787) was a rabbi and one of the founding Rebbes of the Hasidic movement. His hometown was Leżajsk (Yiddish: ליזשענסק, romanized: Lizhensk) near Rzeszów in Poland. He was part of the inner "Chevraya Kadisha" (Holy Society) school of Dov Ber of Mezeritch (second leader of the Hasidic movement), who became the decentralised, third generation leadership after the passing of Dov Ber in 1772.

Elimelech wrote Noam Elimelech, which developed the Hasidic theory of the Tzaddik into the full doctrine of "Practical/Popular Tzaddikism". He was the founder of Hasidism in Poland-Galicia, and numerous leaders and Hasidic dynasties emerged from his disciples in the early 19th century, including the Chozeh of Lublin, the Maggid of Koznitz and Menachem Mendel of Rimanov, one of the three "Fathers of Polish Hasidism".

Rebbe
A rebbe (Yiddish: רבי, romanized: rebe) or admor (Hebrew: אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities  of its dynasties. The titles of rebbe and admor, which used to be a general honorific even before the beginning of the movement, became, over time, almost exclusively identified with its Tzadikim.
Prenton
Prenton is a suburb of Birkenhead, Merseyside, England. Administratively, it is also a ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. Before local government reorganisation on 1 April 1974, it was part of the County Borough of Birkenhead, within the county of Cheshire. Situated in the east of the Wirral Peninsula, the area is contiguous with Oxton to the north, Tranmere and Rock Ferry to the east and Higher Bebington to the south east. The M53 motorway marks the western boundary.

At the 2001 census, the population of Prenton was 14,429. 
The population of the ward increased slightly to 14,488 in the 2011 census.

Prenton (ward)
Prenton is a Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council Ward in the Birkenhead Parliamentary constituency. Through the first decade of the twenty-first century, the ward was in Liberal Democrat hands, before shifting firmly to Labour in the second. But the 2019 council elections saw a swing to the Green Party that has been presented as characteristic of the Green gains in English council elections that year.
Hand in Hand – Bridge over the Wadi
Hand in Hand – Bridge over the Wadi (Arabic: يداً بيد – جسر عبر الوادي; Hebrew: יד ביד – גשר על הוואדי) is the third joint Arab-Jewish primary school in Israel, founded in 2004 by the Hand in Hand: Center for Jewish Arab Education in Israel, which also runs three other bilingual schools in Israel.  It is located in Kafr Qara, an Arab village in the Wadi Ara area.

Hand in Hand: Center for Jewish–Arab Education in Israel
Hand in Hand: Center for Jewish–Arab Education in Israel (Hebrew: יד ביד: המרכז לחינוך יהודי ערבי בישראל, Arabic: يدا بيد: مركز التربية اليهودي العربي في إسرائيل) is a network of integrated, bilingual schools serving Jewish and Arab children in Israel. Hand in Hand was co-founded by Israeli Arab educator Amin Khalaf and Israeli-American educator Lee Gordon in 1998.

Hand in Hand serves more than 2,000 students in six elementary schools, five preschools, two middle schools and one high school, all of which operate under the wider umbrella of the Israeli public school system. Schools are located in Jerusalem, the Galilee, Wadi Ara, Haifa, Tel Aviv, and Kfar Saba.
V+ TVI
V+ TVI, also known as V+, formerly TVI Ficção, is a Portuguese basic fiber and satellite television channel. It is owned by TVI. The channel broadcasts TVI originals, including telenovelas, sitcoms and series. It also broadcast a celebrity show (Câmara Exclusiva).

On 9 August 2024, TVI Ficção was reconstituted as V+, becoming a generalist channel.

The channel was created after an agreement between TVI and MEO, giving TVI Ficção an exclusivity contract with that platform. The channel is also available on unrelated platforms in Portuguese-speaking African countries, and across Europe.

Televisão Independente
TVI (Televisão Independente – "Independent Television") is Portugal's fourth terrestrial television channel, launched in 1993. It was the most watched channel in Portugal from 2005 to 2019, and again from 2024 to 2025. It competes directly with SIC and RTP1. It is one of the two private free-to-air channels in Portugal, among the seven terrestrial free-to-air channels broadcasting from the country.
Surrey Quays railway station
Surrey Quays is a station on the Windrush line of the London Overground, located in Rotherhithe in the London Borough of Southwark. Situated in London fare zone 2, the next station to the north is Canada Water; to the south, the line splits into branches to Clapham Junction, Crystal Palace, New Cross and West Croydon. Closed in late 2007 as a London Underground station, it was refurbished and reopened as part of the London Overground network on 27 April 2010.

West Croydon station
West Croydon is a multi-modal interchange station located in Croydon, South London. It is a southern terminus of the Windrush line of the London Overground, and is also served by National Rail services operated by Southern. The station also includes a tram stop on the London Trams network and a bus station. On the National Rail network it is 10 miles 35 chains (10.44 miles, 16.80 km) measured from London Bridge. It is in London fare zone 5.
Carrefour Express
Carrefour Express is a convenience store chain owned and operated by French retailer Carrefour with locations in three continents. Carrefour Express was created in 2007 to consolidate all convenience stores owned by Carrefour worldwide under one name. In 2010, all convenience store operations in France, including Marché Plus, Champion and Shopi were rebranded as Express.

Champion (supermarket)
Champion (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃pjɔ̃]) was a French supermarket chain and owned by the international retailer Carrefour. There were also Champion supermarkets in Belgium, Spain, Poland, Greece, Turkey, Argentina and Brazil.
Champion was the second-largest supermarket chain in France in 2008, achieving an annual turnover of €12.2 billion. The chain operated more than 1,000 stores and employed 60,000 people.

In Belgium, the Champion brand was managed by the Mestdagh Group, with most locations situated in Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region. Flanders had three Champion locations, specifically in Aarschot, Sint-Truiden, and Tienen.
As of September 2013, all Champion stores were rebranded as Carrefour Market, under the brand name Carrefour Market-Mestdagh Group.
Immigration F.C.
Immigration Football Club, also known as Imigresen or IFC Malaysia, is a professional football club based in Putrajaya, Malaysia. They are playing in the Malaysia Super League from the 2025–26 season, after promotion from the Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League. The club is also involved in the Malaysia FA Cup.

Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League
The Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League (Malay: Liga A1 Semi-Pro Malaysia, previously known as the Malaysia M3 League and the MBSB Bank Championship due to sponsorship reasons) is the second level football league of the Malaysian football league system. It was created as the Malaysian Football League's reform of the domestic structure and replacement of the Malaysia FAM League.
Hunsur Krishnamurthy
Hunsur Krishnamurthy (9 February 1914  – 13 February 1989) was an Indian playwright, film director, producer, actor, screenwriter and lyricist in Kannada cinema.

He worked with noted theatre personalities early in his career; Gubbi Veeranna, Mohammed Peer and B. R. Panthulu before entering films. As a film director, he made films mostly in the mythological genre such as Satya Harishchandra (1965), Bhakta Kumbara (1974) and Babruvahana (1977), all of which star Rajkumar. The films were major critical and commercial successes and are seen as milestones in Kannada cinema and in the career of Rajkumar.

B. R. Panthulu
Budaguru Ramakrishnaiah Panthulu (26 July 1910 – 8 October 1974) was an Indian film director, producer and actor. He is best known for directing films in Tamil, Kannada, Telugu and Hindi. His most popular films are Karnan, Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Sri Krishnadevaraya, School Master and Kittur Channamma, B. R. Panthulu, is a successful actor and converted Ma. Po. Si.'s biographic works Veerapandiya Kattabomman (a movie about a local chieftain who fought with the British in the 18th century in Tamil Nadu) and Kappalottiya Thamizhan (a movie about a lawyer who rebelled against the British rule that forbade Tamils operating shipping companies) to celluloid.
Nicolas Irénée Ruinart
Nicolas Irénée Ruinart (4 April 1697 – 21 April 1769) was a French draper and entrepreneur from Reims, best known as the founder (1729) of Ruinart (Champagne), widely regarded as the first Champagne house organized specifically for the production and trade of champagne.

Champagne
Champagne (/ʃæmpeɪn/; French: [ʃɑ̃paɲ] ⓘ) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the Champagne wine region of France under the rules of the appellation, which demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation.

The grapes Pinot noir, Pinot meunier, and Chardonnay are used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of Pinot blanc, Pinot gris (called Fromenteau in Champagne), Arbane, and Petit Meslier are vinified as well.

Champagne became associated with royalty in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The leading manufacturers made efforts to associate their Champagnes with nobility and royalty through advertising and packaging, which led to its popularity among the emerging middle class.
USS Contoocook (1864)
USS Contoocook was the lead Contoocook-class sloop of the United States Navy. She was laid down during the American Civil War to deter British intervention in 1864, although timber shortages and a rushed construction delayed progress. Launched in 1864 and commissioned in 1868, her design was criticized and green wood limited her service life. While build as a sloop, modifications in 1869 enlarged her armament and converted her into a frigate. That year, she was renamed Albany as part of a new Navy-wide naming standard. She preformed two sailings to the East Indies between 1868 and 1869 as part of a mission to protect American interests. In 1870, she was decommissioned and used as a quarantine ship in New York City. Redundant after new quarantine sites were finished, she was sold off in late 1872.

Contoocook-class sloop
The Contoocook-class was a series of screw sloops operated by the United States Navy following the American Civil War. The ships were designed during the war to serve in a post-war Navy, and were intended to operate as commerce raiders as an economic disincentive to European powers planning a future war. However, they suffered from poor construction quality and had a brief service life during peacetime as the Navy lost funding. Despite an initial ten ships planned, only four were launched and were all decommissioned after a decade in service.
Karachay Autonomous Oblast
Karachay Autonomous Oblast was an autonomous oblast in the Soviet Union created on 26 April 1926. It was formed by the split of the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast in 1926, creating Karachay and Cherkess Autonomous Oblast. Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved during World War II, when the Karachay people were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans. During this time, the territory was partitioned between the Georgian SSR, Cherkess AO, Stavropol and Krasnodar regions. In 1957 it and the Cherkess Autonomous Oblast merged to reinstate the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast.

Cherkess Autonomous Oblast
The Cherkess Autonomous Oblast (Russian: Черкесская автономная область, romanized: Cherkesskaya avtonomnaya oblast; Kabardian: Черкес автономнэ область, Čérkés avtonomne oblast’) or Cherkessia (Russian: Черкесия, romanized: Cherkesiya; Kabardian: Шэрджэс, Šerdžes, or Черкес хэку, Čérkés xekw) was an autonomous oblast of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, created on April 26, 1926, by the split of the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast.  It was called the Cherkess National Okrug (Russian: Черкесский национальный округ, romanized: Cherkessky natsionalny okrug) until April 30, 1928. It was dissolved in 1957 by the creation of the new Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast.

Territorial changes of the Cherkess Autonomous Oblast

1928

1934

1943

1950
1990 Malaysian general election
General elections were held in Malaysia on 20 and 21 October 1990. Voting took place in all 180 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 351 state constituencies in 11 (out of 13, except Sabah and Sarawak) states of Malaysia on the same day.

The result was a victory for the Barisan Nasional (BN) at the federal level and state except state of Kelantan with opposition alliance Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) winning all 39 state assembly seats with 24 seats going to PAS and 15 for Semangat 46.

1990 Malaysian state elections
State assembly elections were held in Malaysia on 21 October 1990 in all states except Sabah (where they were held on 16 and 17 July) and Sarawak (where they were not held until the following year). The Barisan Nasional won ten out of the 11 elections. The Muslim Unity Movement won all 39 state seats in Kelantan to form the state government, with 24 seats going to the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party and 15 for Semangat 46.
Gil Shaham
Gil Shaham (Hebrew: גיל שחם; born February 19, 1971) is an American violinist. His accolades include a Grammy Award in 1999, and he has performed as a soloist with such orchestras as the New York Philharmonic, Berlin Philharmonic, Vienna Philharmonic, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Cleveland Orchestra, San Francisco Symphony, Russian National Orchestra, Academy of St Martin in the Fields, Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, and the Orchestre de Paris.

Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (abbreviation IPO; Hebrew: התזמורת הפילהרמונית הישראלית, ha-Tizmoret ha-Filharmonit ha-Yisra'elit) is a major Israeli symphony orchestra based in Tel Aviv. Its principal concert venue is Heichal HaTarbut.
Florida Gulf Coast University
Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) is a public university in Lee County, Florida, United States. Located near Fort Myers, it is part of the State University System of Florida and is its second-youngest member. The university was established on May 3, 1991, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). It offers 65 bachelor's degree programs, 27 master's degree programs, 7 doctoral degree programs, and 19 academic certificates.

FGCU's intercollegiate athletic teams, the Eagles, compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference (ASUN) in NCAA Division I sports.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.