hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pogar, Russia
Pogar (Russian: Погар or Погарь) is the name of several inhabited localities in Bryansk Oblast, Russia.

Urban localities

Pogar (urban-type settlement), a work settlement in Pogarsky District

Rural localities

Pogar (rural locality), a village in Nadvinsky Selsoviet of Kletnyansky District

Pogar (urban-type settlement)
Pogar (Russian: Пога́р) is an Urban-type settlement in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is the administrative center of Pogarsky District. Population: 9,484 (2021 census); 9,990 (2010 census); 11,471 (2002 census); 9,959 (1989 Soviet census).

Located on Sudost River, a tributary of the Desna River, 7 km from the Pogar railway station and 128 km south-west of Bryansk, the administrative center of the region.
Patrick Ekeng
Patrick Claude Ekeng Ekeng (26 March 1990 – 6 May 2016) was a Cameroonian professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He had two international caps for his country's national team, whom he represented at the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations.

After starting at Canon Yaoundé and spending time on the fringes of France's Le Mans, he had brief spells in Switzerland, Spain, and Romania, where he died after collapsing in a match for Dinamo București.

Cameroon national football team
The Cameroon national football team (French: Équipe du Cameroun de football), also known as the Indomitable Lions (French: les lions indomptables), represents Cameroon in men's international football. It is controlled by the Fédération Camerounaise de Football, a member of FIFA and its African confederation CAF.

The team has qualified for the FIFA World Cup eight times, more than any other African team, and four times in a row between 1990 and 2002. However, the team has only made it out of the group stage once. They were the first African team to reach the quarter-final of the World Cup in 1990, losing to England in extra time. They have also won five Africa Cup of Nations.

Cameroon is the first and, as of 2022, only African country to win against Brazil in tournament play, defeating them in the 2003 Confederations Cup and 2022 FIFA World Cup by identical 1–0 scores.
Saint Ferdinand Co-Cathedral (Ilagan)
Saint Ferdinand Parish Church, also known as the Proto-Cathedral of Ilagan, is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Barangay Bagumbayan in Ilagan, the capital of the province of Isabela, Philippines. The cathedral used to be the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Ilagan until it was transferred to the Cathedral of Saint Michael the Archangel in the neighboring town of Gamu in 2003.

Diocese of Ilagan
The Diocese of Ilagan (Lat: Dioecesis Ilaganensis) is a Latin Catholic diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines. It was erected on 31 January 1970 from territory of the then Roman Catholic Diocese of Tuguegarao and covered the entire civil Province of Isabela. At the time of Ilagan's creation, Tuguegarao was not a Metropolitan diocese and therefore Ilagan fell under the jurisdiction of Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia.  It is a suffragan diocese of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuguegarao since 1974 when Tuguegarao was elevated to an archdiocese.

The diocese has had no jurisdictional changes. The seat of the diocese used to be located in Saint Ferdinand Parish Church in Ilagan City before being transferred to the Gamu Cathedral (Cathedral of Saint Michael the Archangel) in Gamu, Isabela, in 2013.

David William V. Antonio was installed as the fifth Bishop of Ilagan on February 12, 2019.
Steven C. Salop
Steven C. Salop (born December 23, 1946) is an American economist and academic whose work focuses on antitrust policy. He is a professor of economics and law at the Georgetown University Law Center. Salop is known for his scholarship on exclusionary practices and vertical mergers. Together with David Scheffman, he popularized the concept of raising rivals' costs as an antitrust violation.

Georgetown University Law Center
Georgetown University Law Center is the law school of Georgetown University, a private research university in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established in 1870 and is the largest law school in the United States by enrollment, with over 2,000 students. It frequently receives the most full-time applications of any law school in the United States. Georgetown is considered part of the T14, an unofficial designation in the legal community of the best 14 law schools in the United States.

The school's campus is less than a mile from the U.S. Capitol Building and U.S. Supreme Court. Prominent alumni include 11 current members of the United States Congress, federal and state judges, billionaires, and diplomats.
Community Weeklies
Community Weeklies Inc., based in Woburn, Massachusetts, United States, founded three weekly newspapers in the suburbs north of Boston before being bought by Fidelity Investments in 1994 and dissolved into Community Newspaper Company two years later.

The company was founded by developer William S. Cummings of Winchester, the largest property owner in Woburn, to compete with the Daily Times Chronicle and a supposedly "anti-business" local political scene.

Community Newspaper Company
Community Newspaper Company, or CNC, was the largest publisher of weekly newspapers in eastern Massachusetts in the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century. It also published several daily newspapers in Greater Boston.

The company's properties were assembled by Fidelity Investments in the 1980s; Fidelity founded the company and then sold it to the Boston Herald in 2001. Five years later, the chain was purchased by, and immediately became the largest single component of, GateHouse Media. GateHouse gradually phased out CNC branding in favor of "WickedLocal.com", the company's website, and GateHouse Media New England; this process was complete by 2011, when staff email addresses dropped the "@cnc.com" domain.
Padmapani Acharya
Major Padmapani Acharya, MVC (21 June 1969 – 28 June 1999) was an officer in the Indian Army. He was awarded the second highest Indian military honour, Maha Vir Chakra posthumously for his actions during the Kargil War on 28 June 1999.

Maha Vir Chakra
The Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) (lit. 'Medal for Great Bravery') is the second highest military decoration in India, after the Param Vir Chakra, and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. It replaced the British Distinguished Service Order (DSO). The medal may be awarded posthumously.
Kelvington-Wadena
Kelvington-Wadena is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada, in the east-central region. The riding was last contested in the 2020 general election, when it returned Saskatchewan Party MLA Hugh Nerlien.

The largest population centres in the constituency are Wynyard, Wadena, Foam Lake, Kelvington and Porcupine Plain. Villages in the riding include Bjorkdale, Elfros, Rama, Archerwill, Margo and Lintlaw. Both major Canadian railways — the Canadian National and the Canadian Pacific — have branch lines serving the area.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
1998 Ontario Raiders season
The Ontario Raiders were a lacrosse team based in Hamilton, Ontario playing in the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The 1998 season was the 1st in franchise history.

The Raiders finished in a three-way tie for third in the NLL standings.  However, due to their head to head record against the Rochester Knighthawks and Buffalo Bandits, they were seeded in 5th place, just missing the playoffs.

1998 NLL season
Before the 1998 season, the Major Indoor Lacrosse League was renamed to be the National Lacrosse League, in the process increasing the length of the regular season from ten to twelve games. The first season as the NLL and the 12th season overall, began on January 3, 1998, and concluded with the second championship game on April 28. The championship was decided by a best-two-of-three series, with the Philadelphia Wings defeating the Baltimore Thunder 16–12 in the first game and 17–12 in the second.
Signal peptide peptidase
In molecular biology, the Signal Peptide Peptidase (SPP) is a type of protein that specifically cleaves parts of other proteins. It is an intramembrane aspartyl protease with the conserved active site motifs 'YD' and 'GxGD' in adjacent transmembrane domains (TMDs). Its sequences is highly conserved in different vertebrate species. SPP cleaves remnant signal peptides left behind in membrane by the action of signal peptidase and also plays key roles in immune surveillance and the maturation of certain viral proteins.

Bond cleavage
In chemistry, bond cleavage, or bond fission, is the splitting of chemical bonds. This can be generally referred to as dissociation when a molecule is cleaved into two or more fragments.

In general, there are two classifications for bond cleavage: homolytic and heterolytic, depending on the nature of the process. The triplet and singlet excitation energies of a sigma bond can be used to determine if a bond will follow the homolytic or heterolytic pathway. A metal−metal sigma bond is an exception because the bond's excitation energy is extremely high, thus cannot be used for observation purpose.

In some cases, bond cleavage requires catalysts. Due to the high bond-dissociation energy of C−H bonds, around 100 kcal/mol (420 kJ/mol), a large amount of energy is required to cleave the hydrogen atom from the carbon and bond a different atom to the carbon.
Postage stamps and postal history of Australia
Australia's postal system entered a unified phase of development following the federation in 1901. The previously independent postal services of the six colonies came under the control of the federal government, marking the beginning of a nationalised postal network.

Basic designs of Australian postage stamps have evolved gradually in response to historical, political and social changes in Australia. In 1913, the first stamp bearing the name “Australia” featured the iconic “Kangaroo and Map” design was issued, demonstrated the formation of a national postal identity.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Helen Hope Montgomery Scott
Helen Hope Montgomery Scott (April 8, 1904 – January 9, 1995) was a socialite and philanthropist who was considered the epitome of Main Line high society. (Vanity Fair labeled her "the unofficial queen of Philadelphia's WASP oligarchy.") She was a longtime chairman and executive director of the Devon Horse Show and sponsored other events to raise money for the Bryn Mawr Hospital, her favorite charity.

As a symbol of aristocratic, free-spirited elegance, Scott was the inspiration for "Tracy Lord" in Philip Barry's play The Philadelphia Story (1939) — made into the 1940 film of the same name — and for the musical film High Society (1956).

Philadelphia Main Line
The Philadelphia Main Line, known simply as the Main Line, is an informally delineated historical and social region of suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  Lying along the former Pennsylvania Railroad's once prestigious Main Line, it runs northwest from Center City Philadelphia parallel to Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike, also known as U.S. Route 30.

The railroad first connected the Main Line towns in the 19th century. They became home to sprawling country estates belonging to Philadelphia's wealthiest families, and over the decades became a bastion of "old money". The Main Line includes some of the wealthiest communities in the country, Villanova, Radnor, Haverford, and Merion. Today, the railroad is Amtrak's Keystone Corridor, along which SEPTA's Paoli/Thorndale Line operates.
Allium vineale
Allium vineale (wild garlic, onion grass, crow garlic or stag's garlic) is a perennial, bulb-forming species of wild onion, native to Europe, northwestern Africa, and the Middle East. The species was introduced in Australia and North America, where it has become an invasive species.

Chives
Chives, scientific name Allium schoenoprasum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae.

A perennial plant, A. schoenoprasum is widespread in nature across much of Eurasia and North America. It is the only species of Allium native to both the New World and Old World.

The leaves and flowers are edible. Chives are a commonly used herb and vegetable with a variety of culinary uses. They are also used to repel insects.
OLA peace process
The OLA peace process are a set of negotiations, agreements and actions to end the insurgency of the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), which split from its wing, the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) and rebels against the Ethiopian federal government since 2018. The Oromia region has experienced prolonged conflict and instabilities first initiated by OLF with successive Ethiopian government since 1973.

After Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed came to power in 2018, OLF has ratified as a recognized political party in Ethiopia in 2019, but its wing, OLA, rejected government's summon to deal in a peace talk in August 2018, leading to OLA insurgency.

The first peace talk was held in April 2023 in  Dar es Salaam, Tanzania with a failed outcome. In November 2023, a second round peace talk was held in the same place in collaboration of IGAD, without agreement. On 1 December 2024, OLA signed a peace agreement with Oromia Region President Shimelis Abdisa in Addis Ababa.

Federal government of Ethiopia
The federal government of Ethiopia (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት, romanized: Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā mängəst) is structured in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic, whereby the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the federal government. The prime minister is chosen by the lower chamber of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly. Federal legislative power is vested in both the federal government and the two chambers of parliament. The judiciary is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. They are governed under the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia. There is a bicameral parliament made of the 108-seat House of Federation and the 547-seat House of Peoples' Representatives. The House of Federation has members chosen by the regional councils to serve five-year terms. The House of Peoples' Representatives is elected by direct election, who in turn elect the president for a six-year term.
Quarter (Canadian coin)
The quarter, short for quarter dollar, is a Canadian coin worth 25 cents or one-fourth of a Canadian dollar. It is a small, circular coin of silver colour. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official name for the coin is the 25-cent piece, but in practice, it is usually called a "quarter", much like its American counterpart. In Canadian French, it is called a caribou. The coin is produced at the mint's facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Quarter (Canadian commemorative coin)
The quarter, short for quarter dollar, is a Canadian coin worth 25 cents or one-fourth of a Canadian dollar. In addition to being used as circulating currency, this denomination has also been used to make commemorative coins struck by the Royal Canadian Mint. Ordinarily featuring a caribou, the quarter has the most commonly altered reverse in Canada and is the usual venue for commemorative issues. Two main types of commemorative coins have been issued; those for circulation and those for collectors. This article does not cover NFL related commemoratives or Olympic coins as those quarters can be found in their respective pages.
Daniel Petric
Daniel Petrić (Serbian Cyrillic: Данијел Петрић; born August 24, 1991) is an American convicted murderer from Wellington, Ohio. At age 16, he shot his parents after his father confiscated his video game. His mother died, but his father recovered. He is incarcerated for life, with a chance for parole. Studies of video game addiction or the effects of violent video games on society, as well as gun control, often mention Petrić.

Violence and video games
Since their inception in the 1970s, video games have often been criticized by some for violent content. Politicians, parents, and other activists have claimed that violence in video games can be tied to violent behavior, particularly in children, and have sought ways to regulate the sale of video games. Studies have shown no connection between video games and violent behavior. The American Psychological Association states that while there is a well-established link between violent video games and aggressive behaviors, attributing acts of violence to violent video gaming "is not scientifically sound."
Gerald Harbach Round Barn
The Gerald Harbach Round Barn is a round barn near Eleroy, an unincorporated community in Stephenson County, Illinois, United States. The builder and designer of the building are unknown but it is very similar to round barns designed by the team of Jeremiah Shaffer and the Hass Brothers. It was probably built around the same time as the James Bruce Round Barn, erected in 1914, in Freeport. The Harbach Round Barn was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Stephenson County, Illinois
Stephenson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 44,630. Its county seat is Freeport. Stephenson County is included in the Freeport, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rockford-Freeport-Rochelle, IL Combined Statistical Area.
Adulf mcEtulfe
Adulf mcEtulfe (died 934) may have been King of Bamburgh (northern Northumbria).

The Annals of Clonmacnoise note the death of Adulf mcEtulfe in 934. The historian Alex Woolf suggests that the entry records the death of Ealdred I, a ruler of Bamburgh who is last recorded in 932, and that subsequent Scottish intervention in Bamburgh may have been the cause of King Æthelstan's invasion of Scotland in the same year. On the other hand, Neil McGuigan regards Adulf and Ealdred as different people.

Alex Woolf
Alex Woolf FSA Scot (born 12 July 1963) is a British medieval historian and academic. He specialises in the history of Britain and Ireland and to a lesser extent Scandinavia in the Early Middle Ages, with a particular emphasis on interaction and comparison across traditional ethnic boundaries. He is a senior lecturer at the University of St Andrews.

He is author of volume two in the New Edinburgh History of Scotland, covering the period between 789 and 1070. For this he won the 2008 Saltire Society award for "history book of the year".

He is the younger brother of the ancient historian Greg Woolf.
Amal Academy
Amal Academy (Urdu: عمل اکیڈمی) was founded in 2013 by Stanford University graduates Benje Williams and Kunal Chawla and is funded by Acumen Fund, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Echoing Green and Syed Babar Ali.

Stanford Graduate School of Business
The Stanford Graduate School of Business  is the graduate business school of Stanford University, a private research university in Stanford, California. For several years it has been the most selective business school in the United States, admitting only about 6% of applicants. It is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.

Stanford GSB offers a general management Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, the MSx Program (MS in Management for mid-career executives), Stanford LEAD Online Business Program and a PhD program, along with joint degrees with other schools at Stanford, including Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Law, and Medicine.
Talk 107
talk107 was an Independent Local Radio station based in Edinburgh, Scotland, broadcasting a phone-in based talk format. It was the UK's first local commercial talk licence to be awarded outside London and was the only station of its kind in Scotland. It was owned by UTV Radio and traded as a wholly owned division of Talksport – the national sports talk station.

The station ceased broadcasting at 10 pm on 23 December 2008 – a day earlier than initially announced – with Kickabout being the final programme. The station's head of news, Gwen Lawrie, was both the first and last voice heard on the station.

News Broadcasting
News UK Broadcasting Limited, trading as News Broadcasting (formerly Wireless Group Limited and UTV Media plc), is a radio and digital broadcasting network with headquarters in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It currently operates five stations in Ireland and 18 in the United Kingdom. The company was formerly known as UTV Media, owned by UTV Television. Its television broadcasting services were sold to ITV plc in February 2016 and its radio, sales services and websites were spun off into a new company, Wireless, later purchased by News Corp.

In June 2016, Rupert Murdoch's News Corp reached an agreement to buy the company. The sale was completed in September 2016. Prior to the acquisition, Wireless Group was a constituent of the FTSE SmallCap Index.
Junge Welt
Junge Welt (English: Young World, stylized in its logo as junge Welt) is a German daily newspaper, published in Berlin. The jW describes itself as a left-wing and Marxist newspaper. German authorities categorize it as a far-left medium hostile to the constitutional order.

Far-left politics
Far-left politics are politics further to the left on the political spectrum than the standard political left. In certain instances, far-left has been associated with various forms of authoritarianism, anarchism, communism, and Marxism, or are characterised as groups that advocate for revolutionary socialism and related communist ideologies, or anti-capitalism and anti-globalisation. Far-left terrorism consists of extremist, militant, or insurgent groups that attempt to realise their ideals through political violence rather than using democratic processes.