hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Small clause
In linguistics, a small clause consists of a subject and its predicate, but lacks an overt expression of tense. Small clauses have the semantic subject-predicate characteristics of a clause, and have some, but not all, properties of a syntactic constituent. Structural analyses of small clauses vary according to whether a flat or layered analysis is pursued. The small clause is also related to the phenomena of raising-to-object, exceptional case-marking, accusativus cum infinitivo, and object control.

Raising (syntax)
In linguistics, raising constructions involve the movement of an argument from an embedded or subordinate clause to a matrix or main clause. A raising predicate/verb appears with a syntactic argument that is not its semantic argument but rather the semantic argument of an embedded predicate. In other words, the sentence is expressing something about a phrase taken as a whole.  For example, in they seem to be trying, "to be trying" (the predicand of trying) is the subject of seem. English has raising constructions, unlike some other languages.

The term raising has its origins in the transformational analysis of such constructions; the constituent in question is seen as being "raised" from its initial deep structure position, as the subject of the embedded predicate, to its surface structure position in the matrix predicate/verb. Raising predicates/verbs are related to control predicates, although there are important differences between the two predicate/verb types.
Danielle Sassoon
Danielle Renee Sassoon (born 1986) is an American attorney who served as the acting U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York between January 21, 2025, and February 13, 2025. As an assistant United States Attorney in the district, she secured prominent convictions against sex trafficker Larry Ray and fraudster Sam Bankman-Fried. Sassoon resigned from the United States Department of Justice to avoid complying with Acting United States Deputy Attorney General Emil Bove's command to dismiss federal criminal corruption charges against Eric Adams, Mayor of New York City. She currently is a senior fellow at the conservative Manhattan Institute.

United States Deputy Attorney General
The United States deputy attorney general is the second-highest-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice and oversees the day-to-day operation of the department. The deputy attorney general acts as attorney general during the absence of the attorney general.

The deputy attorney general is a political appointee of the president of the United States and takes office after confirmation by the United States Senate. The position was created in 1950.
Diokno Highway
The Diokno Highway, also known as Ramón Diokno Highway, Payapa Road and formerly as Tagaytay-Junction–Calaca-Lemery Road, is a 20.064-kilometer (12.467 mi), two-lane, secondary road in Batangas that connects the city of Calaca, near its border with Nasugbu and Alfonso, Cavite, and the municipality of Lemery. It connects southern Cavite and Batangas.

The highway is named after Ramón Diokno, a native of Taal, Batangas who served as a representative for Batangas, senator and Supreme Court associate justice.

Alfonso, Cavite
Alfonso, officially the Municipality of Alfonso (Tagalog: Bayan ng Alfonso),  is a  municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 60,583 people.
Montana Tech Orediggers football
The Montana Tech Orediggers football program represents Montana Technological University in college football as members of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), as members of the Frontier Conference.

Frontier Conference
The Frontier Conference is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). The conference was founded in 1934. Member institutions are located in the U.S. states of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota, with associate members in the states of Arizona, Idaho, and Oregon.

The Frontier Conference sponsors athletic competition in men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, men's football, men's and women's indoor and outdoor track and field, and women's volleyball.
Jesse Reid (boxing trainer)
Jesse Reid is a boxer and Hall of Fame trainer. His former students include world champions Roger Mayweather, Lamon Brewster, Johnny Tapia, Orlando Canizales, Reggie Johnson and Bruce Curry. He has trained 23 World Champions and developed over 40 world-rated boxers.

Johnny Tapia
John Lee Anthony Tapia (February 13, 1967 – May 27, 2012) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1988 to 2011. He was a three division world champion, having held titles at super flyweight, bantamweight, and featherweight. His 1999 loss by decision to Paulie Ayala was named the Fight of the Year by The Ring magazine.

Tapia was posthumously inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2017.
Jäkärlä
Jäkärlä is a district in the Maaria-Paattinen ward of the city of Turku, in Finland. It is located to the north of the city, and is a very sparsely populated area.

The current (as of 2004) population of Jäkärlä is 3,460, and it is decreasing at an annual rate of 0.43%. 19.31% of the district's population are under 15 years old, while 8.32% are over 65. The district's linguistic makeup is 93.18% Finnish, 1.45% Swedish, and 5.38% other.

Subdivisions of Turku
The city of Turku, Finland is divided into nine wards (suuralueet in Finnish, storområden in Swedish) and into 87 non-governmental districts (kaupunginosat in Finnish, stadsdelar in Swedish). These are composed of individual suburbs, and in the very centre of the city, sectors of the central business district are identified by Roman numerals. The ward division does not always follow district boundaries.

In the following list, the names are given first in Finnish, and then in Swedish (if applicable) in brackets. For districts that have an English name, it is given first with other languages following. When a district is divided between two or three wards, it is listed under each and this is indicated by a footnote.
Poděbrady
Poděbrady (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpoɟɛbradɪ]; German: Podiebrad) is a spa town in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 15,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Elbe River. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
Barbara F. Lee
Barbara Fish Lee (born July 3, 1945) is an American philanthropist. She founded and led the Barbara Lee Family Foundation and the Barbara Lee Political Office, both located in Cambridge, Massachusetts until winding down in 2024. Major targets of Lee's donations include Boston's Institute of Contemporary Art and Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. In May 2014, the magazine Boston listed Lee among Boston's Most Powerful Thought Leaders.

Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston
The Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) is an art museum and exhibition space located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The museum was founded as the Boston Museum of Modern Art in 1936. Since then it has gone through multiple name changes as well as moving its galleries and support spaces over 13 times. Its current home was built in 2006 in the South Boston Seaport District and designed by architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro.
Kang Min-ho
Kang Min-ho (Korean: 강민호; born August 18, 1985) is a South Korean catcher who plays for the Samsung Lions in the Korea Baseball Organization. He previously played with the Lotte Giants. At the conclusion of the 2017 season, he left the Giants to join the Samsung Lions.

Korea Baseball Organization
The Korea Baseball Organization (KBO; Korean: 한국야구위원회) is the governing body for the professional leagues of baseball in South Korea. The KBO was founded in 1981 and has governed two leagues: the KBO League (KBO 리그) and KBO Futures League (KBO 퓨처스리그 (farm league) since 1982. It is one of two major baseball governing bodies; the other is the Korea Baseball Association (대한야구협회), which is the governing body for amateur baseball competitions.

The KBO is a member of the International Baseball Federation (IBAF), and is responsible for the national baseball team for the World Baseball Classic and Asia Series. National team participation in other competitions is governed by the Korea Baseball Association.
Legislative chamber
A legislative chamber or house is a deliberative assembly within a legislature which generally meets and votes separately from the legislature's other chambers. Legislatures are usually unicameral, consisting of only one chamber, or bicameral, consisting of two, but there are rare examples of tricameral and tetracameral legislatures. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is the only country documented as having a pentacameral (later hexacameral) legislature.

Multicameralism
In contrast to unicameralism, and bicameralism, multicameralism is the condition in which a legislature is divided into more than two deliberative assemblies, which are commonly called "chambers" or "houses". This usually includes tricameralism with three chambers, but can also describe a system with any amount more. The word "multicameral" can also relate in other ways to its literal meaning of "many chambered" with use in science or biology.
Jeremy Brockie
Jeremy Russell Brockie (born 7 October 1987) is a New Zealand former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He has represented New Zealand at senior international level, including the 2010 FIFA World Cup and at the 2008 Olympic Games, and was part of the squad that won the 2016 OFC Nations Cup.

New Zealand men's national football team
The New Zealand men's national football team (Māori: Tīma hoka a-motu o Aotearoa) represents New Zealand in men's international football competitions. The team is governed by the governing body for football in New Zealand, New Zealand Football (NZF), which is currently a member of FIFA and the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). The team's official nickname is the All Whites (Māori: Ōmā [ɔːmaː]).

The team represented New Zealand at the FIFA World Cup tournaments in 1982 and 2010, and are set to appear in the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It also participated in the FIFA Confederations Cup in 1999, 2003, 2009, and 2017. New Zealand is a six-time OFC Nations Cup champion. New Zealand was the only unbeaten country in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, drawing all three group stage games; nevertheless, they were eliminated in the group stage.
Christina Vidal
Christina Vidal Mitchell is an American actress and singer. On television, she is known for starring in the sitcoms Nick Freno: Licensed Teacher (1997–1998), Taina (2001–2002), and Primo (2023). Her film appearances include the comedy Life with Mikey (1993), the sports drama Brink! (1998), the fantasy comedies Freaky Friday (2003) and Freakier Friday (2025), and the slasher See No Evil (2006).

Crystal Celeste Grant
Crystal Celeste Grant (born September 20, 1980, in Houston, Texas) is a former American actress and singer. She is best known for roles in the films Teenage Caveman (2002) and Kids in America (2005).

In television, she guest starred on Sister, Sister, Smart Guy, Get Real, City Guys, Pacific Blue (appeared in two episodes) and Yes, Dear. In 1996, she co-starred in the feature film Lawnmower Man 2: Beyond Cyberspace. In 2001, she was a series regular on the NBC Saturday morning sitcom All About Us, the series lasted one season.

In 2005, Grant was a featured vocalist on the Cloak-n-Dagga (a rap group composed of rappers Canibus and Phoenix Orion) album Def Con Zero, on the song "Gold Trigga".

She is the younger sister of fellow actor, Salim Grant. Grant's last professional acting credit was in the film Kids in America.
Elections in Macau
Macau elects at the regional level its head of government and legislature. The Legislative Assembly is made up of 33 members, of whom 14 are elected by popular vote under proportional representation, 12 elected from functional constituencies and 7 appointed by the Chief Executive. The Chief Executive of Macau is returned by a 400-member Election Committee on five-year intervals.

Indirectly elected member
Some members in the Legislative Assembly of Macau are elected through indirect election (Portuguese: Sufrágio Indirecto; Chinese: 間接選舉), where only professional or special interest sectors are involved in the electoral process. Eligible voters in a functional constituency are designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations. There are proposals to change the electoral system.

Hong Kong's Legislative Council has a similar political system known as "functional constituency".
Bhagyalakshmi (1943 film)
Bhagyalakshmi is a 1943 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by P. Pullayya and produced by Chittoor Nagayya. The film features Chittoor Nagayya, Malathi, Doraswamy, Tanguturi Suryakumari, and Giri in key roles. It is notable for being Nagayya’s first production under the Renuka Films banner. Bhagyalakshmi  was recognized as the 100th talkie film in Telugu cinema, as noted in a souvenir published by the Film Federation of India to commemorate the silver jubilee of Indian talkies. It did not perform well at the box office.

Suryakumari
Tanguturi Suryakumari (13 November 1925 – 25 April 2005), also known by her married name Suryakumari Elvin, was an Indian singer, actress and dancer in Telugu cinema. She sang "Maa Telugu Thalliki", the official song of the State of Andhra Pradesh. She was the winner of Miss Madras 1952 pageant and runner-up of the Miss India 1952 pageant. She was the niece of activist and politician Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu, who served as the first chief minister of Andhra state and previously as the chief minister of Madras.

As an actress, she has won the Outer Critics Circle Award for best actress, for playing Queen Sudarshana, in Rabindranath Tagore’s Off-Broadway play The King of the Dark Chamber in 1961.
Gamsu
Noh Yeong-Jin (Korean: 노영진), better known as Gamsu, is a South Korean professional League of Legends player. He began his professional esports career with League of Legends, playing as a top laner for several teams, such as Fnatic, Team Dignitas, and Samsung Galaxy Blue. Noh transitioned to professional Overwatch in 2016, competing for CONBOX in the OGN APEX Series. With the inception of the Overwatch League in 2017, Noh signed with the Boston Uprising before being traded to the Shanghai Dragons a season later. After one season with the Dragons, Noh signed with the Dallas Fuel. In late 2020, Noh retired from competitive Overwatch to pursue a career in League of Legends again. He played on 100 Thieves' academy teams until he was signed with Dignitas in mid-2022.

Dignitas (esports)
Dignitas is an American esports organization based in Newark, New Jersey. It was founded by Michael "ODEE" O'Dell in 2003 as a merger of two Battlefield 1942 clans. Dignitas was acquired by the Philadelphia 76ers in 2016 and is now a part of parent company Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HBSE). The team is best known for its League of Legends, Rocket League, Fortnite, and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive squads.

The organization rebranded in October 2018, dropping "Team" from its name and replacing its old "alien" logo with an owl logo. In January 2021, Dignitas once again replaced their logo, returning a modernized version of the original "alien" design and introducing it as a mascot named Digi.
Heinkel HD 35
The Heinkel HD 35 was a trainer developed in Germany in the 1920s. It was a conventional single-bay biplane with staggered wings of equal span. The design was based on that of the HD 21, and like that aircraft, it had three open cockpits in tandem, although the most forward of these was usually faired over when not in use.

The Swedish Air Force bought an aircraft to evaluate as a replacement for the World War I-vintage Albatros B.IIs it was then using for training. This aircraft was designated Sk 5 and was flight tested until March 1927, at which time it was judged inadequate in performance. It was subsequently sold onto the civil market and was eventually acquired by the Flygvapenmuseum, where it is preserved. The Heinkel HD 35 is comparable to Curtiss JN-4 Jenny in general specifications.

Curtiss JN Jenny
The Curtiss JN "Jenny" is a series of biplanes built by the Glenn  Curtiss Aeroplane Company of Hammondsport, New York, later the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. Although the Curtiss JN series was originally produced as a training aircraft for the US Army, the "Jenny" (the common nickname derived from "JN") continued after World War I as a civilian aircraft, becoming the "backbone of American postwar [civil] aviation".

Thousands of surplus Jennys were sold at bargain prices to private owners in the years after the war, and became central to the barnstorming era that helped awaken the US to civil aviation through much of the 1920s.
Anatomical Machines
The Anatomical Machines (Italian: macchine anatomiche) are a pair of anatomical models reproducing the human circulatory system, displayed in the Cappella Sansevero in Naples. Created in the second half of the 18th century, they are constructed over a male and a female human skeleton. The reproduction of the vessel system is formed of metal wire, wax, and silk, but because of its richness of detail it was for a long time believed to be of natural origin.

Cappella Sansevero
The Cappella Sansevero (also known as the Cappella Sansevero de' Sangri or Pietatella) is a chapel located on Via Francesco de Sanctis 19, just northeast of the church of San Domenico Maggiore, in the historic center of Naples, Italy. The chapel is more properly named the Chapel of Santa Maria della Pietà.  It contains works of Rococo art by some of the leading Italian artists of the 18th century.
Methyl-MMDA-2
Methyl-MMDA-2, also known as 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine or as 6-methoxy-MDMA, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and MDxx families. It is the N-methylated derivative of MMDA-2, and it is also an analogue of MDMA and 6-methyl-MDA.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Maukharis of Kannauj
The Maukhari dynasty (Gupta script: , Mau-kha-ri) was a post-Gupta dynasty who controlled the vast plains of Ganga-Yamuna for almost a century from Kannauj. They earlier served as vassals of the Guptas and later of Harsha's Vardhana dynasty. The Maukharis established their independence during the mid-6th century. The dynasty ruled over much of Uttar Pradesh and Magadha. Around 606 CE, a large area of their empire was reconquered by the Later Guptas. According to Xuanzang, the territory may have been lost to King Shashanka of the Gauda Kingdom, who declared independence circa 600CE.

Magadha
Magadha (IPA: [məɡəd̪ʰaː]) was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism and formed the core of the Maurya Empire (c. 320–185 BCE).
Martin Lipták
Martin Lipták (born March 23, 1964) is a Slovak handball coach. He worked as head coach for the national handball teams of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, as well as coaching clubs in Austria and Slovakia.

Slovakia men's national handball team
The Slovakia national handball team is the national handball team of Slovakia. It takes part in international team handball competitions. It was established in 1993 by the disintegration of the Czechoslovak team, of which it is the successor.

The men's national team has appeared at four major events since the independence of the Slovakia, the 2008 European Championship in Norway, the 2009 World Championship in Croatia, where it took a historic 10th place, the 2011 World Championship in Sweden and the 2012 European Championship in Serbia.
God's Problem Child
God's Problem Child is the 66th solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Willie Nelson. It was released on April 28, 2017, by Legacy Recordings. The album features new songs co-written by Nelson and producer Buddy Cannon. Using their frequent method, Cannon and Nelson wrote the songs exchanging the lyrics in text messages, while Nelson later recorded his vocals in the studio.

Buddy Cannon
Buddy Cannon (born April 20, 1947 in Lexington, Tennessee) is an American country music songwriter and record producer active since the 1970s best known for his work with Kenny Chesney and Willie Nelson.
Stephanie Eggink
Stephanie Eggink (born July 12, 1988) is an American mixed martial artist, who currently competes in the Strawweight division of the all-female promotion Invicta FC. A professional competitor since 2011, Eggink holds a record of 4–3, and is the former XFC Strawweight Champion.

Invicta Fighting Championships
Invicta Fighting Championships, also known as Invicta FC, is an American professional mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion dedicated to women's mixed martial arts  that was founded in 2012 by Janet Martin and Shannon Knapp. The promotion is currently owned by the Canadian-based Anthem Sports & Entertainment.

The company's name comes from the Latin word for "invincible and incomparable", which appears in the feminine form.
Hancock Manor
The Hancock Manor was a house located at 30 Beacon Street in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay. It stood near the southwest corner of what are today the grounds of the Massachusetts State House. It was the home of United States Founding Father John Hancock.

Beacon Hill, Boston
Beacon Hill is a historic neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is also the location of the Massachusetts State House. The term "Beacon Hill" is used locally as a metonym to refer to the state government or the legislature itself, much like Washington, D.C.'s Capitol Hill does at the federal level.

A bastion of "Old Money" Boston Brahmins, Federal-style rowhouses, narrow streets and brick sidewalks run through the neighborhood, which is generally regarded as one of the more desirable and expensive in Boston. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Boston's Beacon Hill neighborhood was 9,023.