hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kant's influence on Mou Zongsan
Mou Zongsan's study of Immanuel Kant has been cited as a highly crucial part in the development Mou’s personal philosophy, namely New Confucianism. Widely regarded as the most influential Kant scholar in China, Mou's rigorous critique of Kant’s philosophy—having translated all three of Kant’s critiques—served as an attempt to reconcile Chinese and Western philosophy whilst increasing pressure to westernize in China.

Following his teacher Xiong Shili, Mou attempted to justify a moral metaphysics.  He attempted to do this in large part by critiquing Kantian concepts such as moral nature, moral feeling, intellectual intuition, thing-in-itself, and the division between noumena and phenomena.

Phenomenon
A phenomenon  (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated technical terms.
Northern Taurida Operation
The Northern Taurida operation (6 June – 3 November 1920) was a military campaign in the Russian Civil War between the Red Army and the White Army under Pyotr Wrangel for the possession of Northern Taurida. The campaign can be divided into three stages: the White offensive (6 June – 3 July), trench warfare around the Kakhovka Bridgehead (20 August – 27 October) and the counterattack of the Red Army (28 October – 3 November).

Army of Wrangel
The Russian Army (Russian: Русская армия, romanized: Russkaya armiya), commonly known as the Army of Wrangel (Russian: Армия Врангеля), was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from March to November 1920. It was officially formed on 28 April 1920 from the merger of several White armies, including the Volunteer Army, in a reorganization of the Armed Forces of South Russia. The Army of Wrangel, nicknamed after its commander General Pyotr Wrangel, fought against Bolshevik forces in the Southern Front and the Ukrainian War of Independence. In November 1920, following defeat at the Siege of Perekop and being vastly outnumbered, the Army of Wrangel organized a successful evacuation from Crimea and subsequently dissolved. Veterans of the army were among the founders of the Russian All-Military Union.
Robin Hood's Delight
Robin Hood's Delight (Roud 3986, Child 136) is an English folk song. It is a story in the Robin Hood canon which has survived as, among other forms, a late seventeenth-century English broadside ballad, and is one of several ballads about the medieval folk hero that form part of the Child ballad collection, which is one of the most comprehensive collections of traditional English ballads.

Child Ballads
The Child Ballads are 305 traditional ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, anthologized by Francis James Child during the second half of the 19th century. Their lyrics and Child's studies of them were published as The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. The tunes of most of the ballads were collected and published by Bertrand Harris Bronson in and around the 1960s.
Amane Beriso Shankule
Amane Beriso Shankule (born 13 October 1991) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner. In 2023, she won the marathon at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest. In 2022, she improved her marathon personal best by nearly six minutes to take the win at the 2022 Valencia Marathon, placing third on the world all-time list. Beriso finished second at the 2023 Boston Marathon. in 2024, she finished 3rd in the Tokyo Marathon (2:16:58) and 5th in the Paris Olympics marathon (2:23:57).

2023 Boston Marathon
The 2023 Boston Marathon was a marathon race held in Boston, Massachusetts, on April 17, 2023. It was the 127th official running of the race, and 125th time it was run on course (excluding the virtual event of 2020, and the ekiden of 1918). It also marked the 10th anniversary of the Boston Marathon bombing. The field was limited to 30,000 runners.
Nevaeh (wrestler)
Beth Crist (née Vocke; born January 29, 1986) is an American professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Nevaeh. She is best known for her time in Impact Wrestling as well as Women of Wrestling (WOW) under the name Hazard. Nevaeh also performing on the independent circuit, most notably for Combat Zone Wrestling.

She competed in the former Women Superstars Uncensored, where she was a WSU Spirit Champion, and in the former Shimmer Women Athletes, where she and Madison Rayne (as Ashley Lane) were the promotion's inaugural Tag Team Champions, and she was the promotion's final Heart of Shimmer Champion, winning the belt the night before Shimmer folded operations in 2021. She has also competed with Shine Wrestling, and is a former American Luchacore Champ for Rockstar Pro Wrestling in her hometown of Dayton, Ohio.

WSU Spirit Championship
The WSU Spirit Championship is a women's professional wrestling championship in Women Superstars United (WSU). It is competed for in Women Superstars United, and has been defended on shows of sister promotion National Wrestling Superstars.
C3A1 mine
The C3A1 and C3A2 (collectively known as the Elsie) are Canadian minimum metal anti-personnel mines. The difference between them is very minor and hard to distinguish visually. Elsie mines were first deployed by Canada in 1962, by the United States in 1965 and by Japan in 1967.

Minimum metal mine
A minimum metal mine is a land mine that is designed to use the smallest amount of metal possible in its construction. Typically, the only metal components are located inside the fuze mechanism which triggers detonation. Both minimum metal anti-tank and anti-personnel mines exist. Some designs contain virtually no metal at all, e.g., less than a gram.
Chaim Malinowitz
Chaim Zev Malinowitz (Hebrew: חיים מלינוביץ; 1952 – November 21, 2019) was a Haredi community rabbi, dayan (rabbinical court judge), and Talmudic scholar. Fluent in all areas of the Talmud, halakha (Jewish law), and hashkafa (Orthodox Jewish worldview), he was the general editor of the 73-volume Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud published by ArtScroll. After immigrating to Israel, he became the rabbi of Beis Tefillah Yonah Avraham, an English-speaking congregation for Anglophone Israeli immigrants in Ramat Beit Shemesh, which he led for 17 years.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
RustDesk
RustDesk is a remote access and remote control software, primarily written in Rust, that enables remote maintenance of computers and other devices. The RustDesk client runs on operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Apple MacOS, Apple iOS, Android and common Linux distributions. RustDesk has the aspiration to be an open-source alternative to remote desktop software such as TeamViewer or AnyDesk. As a result, RustDesk can function without relying on additional tools such as VPNs or port forwarding, even behind firewalls or NATs.

Remote desktop software
Remote desktop software is software for remote administration of computers, allowing a desktop environment to be displayed on a computer, known as the client, other than the one on which it is running − the server. While commonly found in the context of personal computers, the concept also applies to other forms of computers, such as smartphones and dedicated servers.

Remote desktop applications have varying features. Some allow attaching to an existing user's session and "remote controlling", either displaying the remote control session or blanking the screen.
Douglas McGregor
Douglas Murray McGregor (September 6, 1906 – October 1, 1964) was an American management professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management and president of Antioch College from 1948 to 1954. He also taught at the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta. His 1960 book The Human Side of Enterprise had a profound influence on education practices.

McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow. He has contributed much to the development of the management and motivational theory, and is best known for his Theory X and Theory Y as presented in his book 'The Human Side of Enterprise' (1960), which proposed that manager's individual assumptions about human nature and behavior determined how individual manages their employees.

Abraham Maslow
Abraham Harold Maslow (/ˈmæzloʊ/ MAZ-loh; April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who created Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.

Maslow was a psychology professor at Cornell University, Brooklyn College, Brandeis University, The New School for Social Research, and Columbia University. He stressed the importance of focusing on the positive qualities in people, as opposed to treating them as a "bag of symptoms". A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Maslow as the tenth most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Zuid-Polsbroek
Zuid-Polsbroek was a semi-sovereign or free and high fief (Free and high fief of Zuid-Polsbroek), now part of Polsbroek in the Dutch province of Utrecht. Zuid-Polsbroek was the part of Polsbroek south of the small river Benschopse Wetering.

Utrecht (province)
Utrecht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈytrɛxt] ⓘ), officially the Province of Utrecht (Dutch: Provincie Utrecht), is a province of the Netherlands. It is located in the centre of the country, bordering the Eemmeer in the north-east, the province of Gelderland in the east and south-east, the province of South Holland in the west and south-west and the province of North Holland in the north-west and north. The province of Utrecht has a population of about 1,388,000 as of January 2023. With a land area of approximately 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi), it is the second smallest province in the country. Apart from its eponymous capital, major cities and towns in the province are Amersfoort, Houten, IJsselstein, Nieuwegein, Veenendaal and Zeist. The busiest railway station in the Netherlands, Utrecht Centraal, is located in the province of Utrecht.
Dimbo Atiya
Dimbo Atiya is a Nigerian Nollywood producer and director from Nasarawa state. In 2022, he won the 2022 AMVCA Best Africa Magic Original Drama Series category award with the drama series Halita he produced, beating six other contestants.

2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards
The 2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards held on Saturday, 14 May 2022 at Eko Hotel and Suites in Lagos. It was set an 8-day event which started on Saturday, 7 May 2022, unlike previous 1 day events.

The nominees were revealed by actors Adesua Etomi-Wellington and Daniel Etim Effiong on Saturday 19 March 2022 in a ceremony. A total of 33 categories were announced, 12 of which are open to public voting. Best Online Social Content Creator was introduced as a new category.

The winner in the Best Soundtrack category won a ₦1 million prize.

Stan Nze and Osas Ighodaro won the award in the Best Actor and Best Actress in a drama respectively for their roles in Rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story. Ramsey Nouah won the Best Director award for the same film. Other award winners include Funke Akindele and Broda Shaggi in the Best Actor and Best Actress in a comedy categories. Amina by Izu Ojukwu & Okey Ogunjiofor win the award for the best overall film.
Joaquín Prieto Concha
Joaquín Prieto Concha (Santiago, 10 July 1892 – Santiago, 29 December 1976) was a Chilean lawyer, businessman, and politician affiliated with the Conservative Party.

He served as Deputy (1933–1941), Senator (1941–1957), and Minister of Agriculture (1931–1932), Public Health (1936–1937), and Mining (1962–1963) under three different presidents – Juan Esteban Montero, Arturo Alessandri Palma, and Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez.

Jorge Alessandri
Jorge Eduardo Alessandri Rodríguez (Latin American Spanish: [ˈxoɾxe aleˈsandɾi roˈðɾiɣes]; 19 May 1896 – 31 August 1986) was the 27th President of Chile from 1958 to 1964, and was the candidate of the Chilean right in the crucial presidential election of 1970, which he lost to Salvador Allende. He was the son of Arturo Alessandri, who was president from 1920 to 1925 and again from 1932 to 1938.
Ma Jin (geologist)
Ma Jin (Chinese: 马瑾; 27 November 1934 – 12 August 2018) was a Chinese geophysicist and structural geologist. She was a senior research fellow at the Institute of Geology of the China Earthquake Administration, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Structural geology
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories. The primary goal of structural geology is to use measurements of present-day rock geometries to uncover information about the history of deformation (strain) in the rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries. This understanding of the dynamics of the stress field can be linked to important events in the geologic past; a common goal is to understand the structural evolution of a particular area with respect to regionally widespread patterns of rock deformation (e.g., mountain building, rifting) due to plate tectonics.
Will Stafford
William Stafford (1837–1884), one of founders of the nineteenth century UK labour movement and supporter of the Liberal-Labour party. The efforts of George Odger, Francis William Soutter and Will Stafford to gain labour representation in Parliament was one of the first significant steps that would lead to the eventual formation of the UK Labour Party in 1900.

George Odger
George Odger (1813 – 4 March 1877) was a pioneer British trade unionist and radical Liberal politician, who also ran as a Lib-Lab by-election candidate.

He is best remembered as the head of the London Trades Council during the period of formation of the Trades Union Congress and as the first President of the First International.
St. Laurentii, Itzehoe
The church St. Laurentii is the parish church of a Lutheran congregation in the centre of Itzehoe, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The full name is Stadtkirche St. Laurentii (town church of Lawrence of Rome). Constructed in 1718, it is the largest religious building in the town. It functions as both a parish church and a concert venue.

Saint Lawrence
Saint Lawrence or Laurence (Latin: Laurentius, lit. 'laurelled'; 31 December 225 – 10 August 258) was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians ordered by the Roman emperor Valerian in 258.
National Security Multi-Mission Vessel
The National Security Multi-Mission Vessel (NSMV) is a United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) ship designed as training vessels for the U.S. state maritime academies. The five vessels will also be equipped to provide humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. The US$1,670.6 million project was managed by TOTE Maritime, a U.S.-based shipping company with experience building U.S.-flagged vessels, with the Philly Shipyard constructing the ships. The first ship was delivered to State University of New York Maritime College in September 2023.

TOTE Maritime
TOTE Maritime is an owner/operator of domestic shipping in the United States.  It specializes in moving cargo between North America to Puerto Rico and Alaska.  TOTE Maritime Puerto Rico was the owner of El Faro, a large container ship that sank in 2015 after she steamed directly into a hurricane.
Politics of West Bengal
Politics in West Bengal is dominated by the following major political parties: the All India Trinamool Congress, the Communist Party of India (Marxist), the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress. For many decades, the state underwent gruesome and terrible political violence. Since the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, it has been governed by the Trinamool Congress party. Previously, it was ruled by Left Front led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) for over three decades.

Left Front (West Bengal)
The Left Front is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was formed in January 1977, the founding parties being the Communist Party of India (Marxist), All India Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Marxist Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India and the Biplobi Bangla Congress. Other parties joined in later years, most notably the Communist Party of India.

The Left Front ruled the state of West Bengal for 34 years in seven consecutive terms 1977–2011, five with Jyoti Basu as Chief Minister and two under Buddhadev Bhattacharya. The CPI(M) is the dominant force in the alliance. In the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election the Left Front failed to gain a majority of seats and left office. As of 2016 Biman Bose is the Chairman of the West Bengal Left Front Committee.
Linda Brasil
Linda Brasil Azevedo Santos (born 14 April 1973) is a Brazilian teacher, LGBT rights activist, and politician who became the first trans woman elected to a parliamentary position in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. She was elected in 2020 as a member of the Socialism and Liberty Party.

Brasil was born in Santa Rosa de Lima, in the state of Sergipe. She attended the Federal University of Sergipe, attaining a Master's degree in Education. After attending university, she founded AmoSerTrans, an association of transgender people in the state of Sergipe. She also founded CasAmor Neide Silva, a shelter for LGBT youth in Aracaju.

Santa Rosa de Lima, Sergipe
10°38′45″S 37°11′38″W﻿ / ﻿10.64583°S 37.19389°W﻿ / -10.64583; -37.19389

Santa Rosa de Lima is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Its population was 3,923 in 2020, and its area is 68 km2 (26 sq mi).
SS Carl D. Bradley
45°33′33″N 85°59′16″W﻿ / ﻿45.559167°N 85.987778°W﻿ / 45.559167; -85.987778

SS Carl D. Bradley was an American self-unloading Great Lakes freighter that sank in a Lake Michigan storm on November 18, 1958. Of the 35 crew members, 33 died in the sinking. Twenty-three were from the port town of Rogers City, Michigan, United States. Her sinking was likely caused by structural failure from the brittle steel used in her construction as well as extensive use throughout her 31-year career.

Built in 1927 by the American Ship Building Company in Lorain, Ohio, Carl D. Bradley was owned by the Michigan Limestone division of U.S. Steel, and operated by the Bradley Transportation Company. She retained the title of "Queen of the Lakes" for 22 years as the longest and largest freighter on the Great Lakes.

Self-discharger
A self-discharger (or self-unloader) is a ship that is able to discharge its cargo using its own gear. The most common discharge method for bulk cargo is to use an excavator that is fitted on a traverse running over the vessel's entire hatch, and that is able to move sideways as well. Lake freighters on the Great Lakes use conveyor-based unloading gear to empty funnel-shaped holds from the bottom, lifting the bulk cargo onto a boom.
Skulduggery Pleasant: Playing with Fire
Skulduggery Pleasant: Playing with Fire is a young adult and fantasy novel written by Irish playwright Derek Landy, published in April 2008. It is the second of the Skulduggery Pleasant series and sequel to the novel of the same name.

The story follows sorcerer-detectives Valkyrie Cain and Skulduggery Pleasant and their magic-wielding allies as they try to prevent Baron Vengeous and his forces from resurrecting the Grotesquery and returning the Faceless Ones to the world. The book did not see release in the US and Canada until 2018. HarperCollins Audio also publishes the unabridged CD sets of the books read by Rupert Degas.

In 2009, it won the award of Senior Irish Children's Book of the Year.

Irish Book Awards
The Irish Book Awards are Irish literary awards given annually to books and authors in various categories.  It is the only literary award supported by all-Irish bookstores. The primary sponsor is An Post, the state owned postal service in Ireland.
Magical Warfare
Magical Warfare (Japanese: 魔法戦争, Hepburn: Mahō Sensō) is a Japanese light novel series written by Hisashi Suzuki and illustrated by Lunalia. Twelve volumes have been published by Media Factory since November 25, 2011 under their MF Bunko J label. A manga adaptation by You Ibuki started serialization in the manga magazine Monthly Comic Gene on April 15, 2013, and Kadokawa made the English digital volumes available on BookWalker on October 29, 2015. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation produced by Madhouse originally aired between January 9 and March 27, 2014.

MF Bunko J
MF Bunko J (MF文庫J) is a publishing label affiliated with the Japanese publishing company Media Factory. It was established in July 2002 and is a light novel label that is aimed at young men with a focus on visual novel-style plots and harem romantic comedies.
Robert F. Willard
Robert Frederick Willard is a retired United States Navy admiral who last served as the 22nd Commander, U.S. Pacific Command from October 19, 2009 to March 9, 2012. He previously served as Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet from May 8, 2007, to September 25, 2009. Prior to that, he served as the 34th Vice Chief of Naval Operations from March 18, 2005, to April 2007. On March 9, 2012, Admiral Willard retired from the Navy after 39 years of service. On May 9, 2012, he was elected president and chief executive officer of the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, succeeding retired Navy admiral James O. Ellis Jr.

Vice Chief of Naval Operations
The vice chief of naval operations (VCNO) is the second highest-ranking commissioned United States Navy officer and functions as the principal deputy of the chief of naval operations. By statute, the vice chief is appointed as a four-star admiral.