hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rectal bleeding
Rectal bleeding refers to bleeding in the rectum, thus a form of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. There are many causes of rectal hemorrhage, including inflamed hemorrhoids (which are dilated vessels in the perianal fat pads), rectal varices, proctitis (of various causes), stercoral ulcers, and infections.  Diagnosis is usually made by proctoscopy, which is an endoscopic test.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is any form of gastrointestinal bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract. LGIB is a common reason for seeking medical attention at a hospital's emergency department. LGIB accounts for 30–40% of all gastrointestinal bleeding and is less common than upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). It is estimated that UGIB accounts for 100–200 per 100,000 cases versus 20–27 per 100,000 cases for LGIB. Approximately 85% of lower gastrointestinal bleeding involves the large intestine, 10% are from bleeds that are actually upper gastrointestinal bleeds, and 3–5% involve the small intestine.
Fesenduz Rural District
Fesenduz Rural District (Persian: دهستان فسندوز) is in Firuzabad District of Chaharborj County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Fesenduz, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 2,461 in 726 households.

Chaharborj County
Chaharborj County (Persian: شهرستان چهاربرج) is in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Chahar Borj, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 9,406 in 2,793 households.
Valoren number
The valoren number is a code which identifies listed securities and financial instruments in Switzerland, and serves a similar purpose to CUSIP or WKN in the North American or German markets respectively. The valoren number is incorporated in the Swiss ISIN number.

Financial instrument
A financial instrument is a monetary contract between parties. They can be created, traded, modified and settled. They can be cash (currency), evidence of an ownership, interest in an entity or a contractual right to receive or deliver in the form of currency (forex); debt (bonds, loans); equity (shares); or  derivatives (options, futures, forwards).

International Accounting Standards IAS 32 and 39 define a financial instrument as "any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity".

Financial instruments may be categorized by "asset class" depending on whether they are foreign exchange-based (reflecting foreign exchange instruments and transactions), equity-based (reflecting ownership of the issuing entity) or debt-based (reflecting a loan the investor has made to the issuing entity). If the instrument is debt it can be further categorized into short-term (less than one year) or long-term.
Frazer Clarke
Frazer Clarke (born 7 August 1991) is a British professional boxer. At regional level, he has challenged three times for the British heavyweight title and twice for Commonwealth heavyweight title. As an amateur, he won a silver medal at the 2017 European Championships; gold at the 2018 Commonwealth Games; and bronze at the 2020 Olympics.

2017 European Amateur Boxing Championships
The Men's 2017 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held in the Palace of Sports "Lokomotiv", Kharkiv, Ukraine from 16 to 24 June 2017. It is the 42nd edition of this biennial competition organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, the EUBC.
1991 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification
The 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification process saw 48 teams from the six FIFA confederations compete for the 12 places in the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup finals. The places were divided as follows:

Africa - represented by CAF: 1 berth

Asia - AFC: 3 (one of those was eventual host China, who did not qualify automatically)

Europe - UEFA: 5

North, Central America & the Caribbean - CONCACAF: 1

Oceania - OFC: 1

South America - CONMEBOL: 1

All of the confederations used their regional championship tournament to determine qualification. Hosts China PR also entered the qualifying process.

The qualification process spanned nearly two years, beginning with the first match on 9 September 1989 and the qualification concluded on 14 July 1991. A total of 445 goals were scored in the 111 qualifying matches (an average of 4.01 per match).

Four teams withdrew during the qualification without playing a match: Congo, Senegal, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, all of which are African teams.

China women's national football team
China women's national football team (Chinese: 中国国家女子足球队; pinyin: Zhōngguó Guójiā Nǚzǐ Zúqiú Duì, recognized as China PR by FIFA) represents the People's Republic of China in international women's football competitions and is governed by the Chinese Football Association.

China women's team won silver medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. It also has won 9 titles at Asian Cup and 3 Gold medals at Asian Games.

Nicknamed the Steel Roses (Chinese: 铿锵玫瑰), they won several international titles in the 1990s, during the Golden Generation. The team lost some pace in the continent to the national teams of Japan and Australia after the start of the 21st century although in 2023, the team was ranked as the 15th best in the world  and also won the ninth AFC Asian Cup in their story, the first since 2006.
Johann Rode von Wale
Johann Rode von Wale (c. 1445 – 4 December 1511, Vörde; distinguished from his namesake uncle as Johann Rode the Younger; also Johann Roden Bok, or Rhode, Latinised: Iohannes Rufus de Wale) was a Catholic cleric, a Doctor of Canon and Civil Law, a chronicler, a long-serving government official (1468–1497) and as John III (German: Johannes III.) Prince-archbishop of Bremen between 1497 and 1511.

Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
The Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (German: Fürsterzbistum Bremen) was an ecclesiastical principality (787–1566/1648) of the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church that after its definitive secularization in 1648 became the hereditary Duchy of Bremen (German: Herzogtum Bremen). The prince-archbishopric, which was under the secular rule of the archbishop, consisted of about a third of the diocesan territory. The city of Bremen was de facto (since 1186) and de jure (since 1646) not part of the prince-archbishopric. Most of the prince-archbishopric lay rather in the area to the north of the city of Bremen, between the Weser and Elbe rivers. Even more confusingly, parts of the prince-archbishopric belonged in religious respect to the neighbouring Diocese of Verden, making up 10% of its diocesan territory.
Masurao Hiroo
Masurao Hiroo (益荒雄広生; born June 27, 1961) is a Japanese former sumo wrestler, born Hiroo Teshima (手島 広生, Teshima Hiroo) in Itoda, Fukuoka Prefecture. Making his professional debut in 1979, he reached the top division in 1985. His highest rank was sekiwake and he won five special prizes in his top division career. He was one of the lightest wrestlers in the top division, and very popular with tournament crowds. In his later career he suffered from a number of injuries, particularly to his knee, and he retired in 1990 at the age of 29. He was the head coach of Ōnomatsu stable and a director of the Japan Sumo Association until 2019 when he left for health reasons.

Sanshō (sumo)
Sanshō (三賞; lit: three prizes) are the three special prizes awarded to top (Makuuchi) division sumo wrestlers for exceptional performance during a sumo honbasho or tournament. The prizes were first awarded in November 1947.
2022 Jordanian Pro League
The 2022 Jordanian Pro League (known as The Jordanian Pro League,   was the 70th season of Jordanian Pro League since its inception in 1944. The season started on 8 April and finished on 4 November 2022, Al-Faisaly won the title for the 35th time, Al-Jazeera and Al-Sareeh relegated to the 2023 Jordanian First Division League.

Al-Ramtha are the defending champions of the 2021 season. Moghayer Al-Sarhan and Al-Sareeh joined as the promoted clubs from the 2021 Jordanian First Division League. They replaced Al-Baqa'a and Al-Jalil who were relegated to the 2022 Jordanian First Division League

2021 Jordanian Pro League
The 2021 Jordanian Pro League (known as The Jordanian Pro League),   was the 69th season of Jordanian Pro League since its inception in 1944. The season started on 8 April and finished on 4 November 2021,  Al-Ramtha won the title for the 3rd time after the first two titles in 1981 and 1982 .

Al-Wehdat are the defending champions of the 2020 season. Al-Baqa'a and Al-Jalil joined as the promoted clubs from the 2020 Jordan League Division 1. They replaced Al-Sareeh and Al-Ahli who were relegated to the 2021 Jordan League Division 1.
Zoltan Vajo
Zoltan Vajo is a Hungarian/American scientist, best known  for his contributions to the Human Genome Project, including cloning the COQ7 gene, characterizing the human CLK-1 timing protein cDNA  and its potential effect on aging, and research on the molecular and genetic background of skeletal dysplasias and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 disorders, including Achondroplasia, SADDAN (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans), Thanatophoric dysplasia, Muenke coronal craniosynostosis and Crouzon syndrome as well as more recently on genetically engineered insulin analog molecules, including their structure, metabolic effects and cellular processing  and the role of recombinant DNA technology in the treatment of diabetes.

COQ7
Mitochondrial 5-demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylase (DMQ hydroxylase), also known as coenzyme Q7, hydroxylase,  is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the COQ7 gene.  The clk-1 (clock-1) gene encodes this protein that is necessary for ubiquinone biosynthesis in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and other eukaryotes. The mouse version of the gene is called mclk-1 and the human, fruit fly and yeast homolog COQ7 (coenzyme Q biosynthesis protein 7).

CLK-1 is not to be confused with the unrelated human protein CLK1 which plays a role in RNA splicing.
Mercedes W15
The Mercedes-AMG F1 W15 E Performance, commonly known as the Mercedes W15, is a Formula One racing car designed and built by the Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team to compete in the 2024 Formula One World Championship.

This was the first Mercedes car fully designed under British designer and engineer James Allison since his return as technical director in 2023. The W15 was raced by returning drivers George Russell, and seven-time World Drivers' Champion Lewis Hamilton, the latter in his final season with the team. Andrea Kimi Antonelli served as a test driver.

The W15 achieved four race wins, four pole positions, four fastest laps and nine podium finishes; Russell won the Austrian and Las Vegas Grands Prix, whilst Hamilton won the British and Belgian Grands Prix. Mercedes finished in fourth place in the World Constructors' Championship, their lowest finish since 2012.

2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix
The 2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Heineken Silver Las Vegas Grand Prix 2024) was a Formula One motor race held on November 23, 2024, at the Las Vegas Strip Circuit in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It was the twenty-second round of the 2024 Formula One World Championship.

George Russell of Mercedes took pole position for the race, which he went on to win ahead of teammate Lewis Hamilton, with Carlos Sainz Jr. of Ferrari completing the podium. Max Verstappen of Red Bull Racing finished fifth, securing his fourth consecutive World Drivers' Championship. Mercedes achieved their 60th one-two finish, their first since the 2022 São Paulo Grand Prix.
El Viejo Clásico
El Viejo Clásico (The Old Classic), also known as El Otro Clásico (The Other Classic) is the name given to any football match between Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. Until 10 December 2011, this fixture was the most played in the history of Spanish football, when it was surpassed by El Clásico (between Real Madrid and FC Barcelona). However, it remains the most played game in the Copa del Rey – although only five of the 56 matches have taken place in the 21st century.

These two clubs, along with Barcelona, are the only participants in all editions of La Liga, the national league championship. Both are owned by their socios (members) who elect a club president to oversee its affairs.

Basque derby
The Basque derby (in Basque Euskal Derbia, in Spanish derbi Vasco) is the name of the football local derby between Real Sociedad and Athletic Bilbao. It embodies the inter-city rivalry between Bilbao and Donostia-San Sebastián, respectively the capitals of the neighbouring provinces of Biscay (Bizkaia) and Gipuzkoa in the Basque Country region of Spain. It is also occasionally referred to as the AP-8 derby, referring to the name of the highway which connects the cities.
Raz Hershko
Raz Hershko (Hebrew: רז הרשקו; born 19 June 1998; nicknamed Hershkules) is an Israeli Olympic silver medalist and European champion judoka. She was the 2015 European Cadet Champion, the 2017 European U23 Championships silver medalist, and won a bronze medal in the 2023 World Championships. She competed for Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics, winning a bronze medal in the mixed team event. She is the 2024 European Champion. Representing Israel at the 2024 Paris Olympics, Hershko won the silver medal in judo in the women's +78 kg, and also competed in the mixed team event, in which Team Israel came in ninth.

2015 European Cadet Judo Championships
The 2015 European Cadet Judo Championships is an edition of the European Cadet Judo Championships, organised by the International Judo Federation. It was held in Sofia, Bulgaria from 3 to 5 July 2015. The final day of competition featured the inaugural European cadet team championships events. The men's event was won by Team Georgia. Team Russia won the women's event.
James Hewat McKenzie
James Hewat McKenzie (1869–1929) was a British parapsychologist, and the founder of the British College of Psychic Science. McKenzie was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 11 November 1869 and died on 29 August 1929, in London.

Parapsychology
Parapsychology is the study of alleged psychic phenomena (extrasensory perception, telepathy, teleportation, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis (also called telekinesis), and psychometry) and other paranormal claims, for example, those related to near-death experiences, synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. Criticized as being a pseudoscience, the majority of mainstream scientists reject it. Parapsychology has been criticized for continuing investigation despite being unable to provide reproducible evidence for the existence of any psychic phenomena after more than a century of research.

Parapsychology research rarely appears in mainstream scientific journals; a few niche journals publish most papers about parapsychology.
Race 3
Race 3 is a 2018 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Remo D'Souza and produced by Ramesh Taurani and Salman Khan under Tips Industries and Salman Khan Films. The film stars an ensemble cast of Anil Kapoor, Salman Khan, Bobby Deol, Jacqueline Fernandez, Daisy Shah, and Saqib Saleem. It serves as the standalone sequel and third installment of the Race film series which started with Race (2008) and Race 2 (2013).

Race 3 was released on 15 June 2018, coinciding with Eid. The film was panned by critics for its script, plot, casting, dialogues, performances, music, and action sequences. However, it had a moderate run at the box-office collecting ₹1.79 billion (equivalent to ₹2.4 billion or US$28 million in 2023) in India and approximately ₹3.03 billion (equivalent to ₹4.1 billion or US$48 million in 2023) worldwide.

Tips Industries
Tips Industries Limited is an Indian music record label and film production, film promotion, and film distribution company in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was founded by Kumar S. Taurani and Ramesh S. Taurani in 1975. Its distributors serve more than 1,000 wholesalers and 400,000 retailers across India.
James Cudworth (engineer)
James I'Anson Cudworth (12 January 1817 – 22 October 1899) was an English railway engineer, and was Locomotive Superintendent of the South Eastern Railway (SER). He served in this capacity from 1845 to 1876. He is notable for designing a successful method for burning coal in steam locomotives without significant emission of smoke, and for introducing the 0-4-4T wheel arrangement to English railways.

James Stirling (engineer, born 1835)
James Stirling (1835–1917) was a Scottish mechanical engineer. He was Locomotive Superintendent of the Glasgow and South Western Railway and later the South Eastern Railway. Stirling was born on 2 October 1835, a son of Robert Stirling, rector of Galston, East Ayrshire.
Flashcard
A flashcard or flash card is a card bearing information on both sides, usually intended to practice and/or aid memorization. It can be virtual (part of a flashcard software) or physical.

Typically, each flashcard bears a question or definition on one side and an answer or target term on the other. As such, flashcards are often used to memorize vocabulary, historical dates, formulae, or any subject matter that can be learned via a question-and-answer format.

Flashcards are an application of the testing effect, the finding that long-term memory is increased when some part of an individual's learning period is devoted to retrieving information through testing with proper feedback. Study habits affect the rate at which a flashcard user learns, and proper spacing of flashcards has been proven to accelerate learning.

Testing effect
The testing effect (also known as retrieval practice, active recall, practice testing, or test-enhanced learning) suggests long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. It is different from the more general practice effect, defined in the APA Dictionary of Psychology as "any change or improvement that results from practice or repetition of task items or activities."

Cognitive psychologists are working with educators to look at how to take advantage of tests—not as an assessment tool, but as a teaching tool  since testing prior knowledge is more beneficial for learning when compared to only reading or passively studying material (even more so when the test is more challenging for memory).
Dinu Lipatti
Constantin "Dinu" Lipatti (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdinu liˈpati] ⓘ; 1 April [O.S. 19 March] 1917 – 2 December 1950) was a Romanian classical pianist and composer whose career was cut short by his death from effects related to Hodgkin's disease at age 33. He was elected posthumously to the Romanian Academy. He composed few works, all of which demonstrated a strong influence from Hungarian composer Béla Bartok.

A relentless perfectionist, Lipatti often prepared many years for major performances, such as four years for Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 and three for Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1. He left a small number of recordings, and they are well-regarded, particularly that of Alborada del gracioso from Ravel's Miroirs suite. In his short lifetime he was highly acclaimed by prominent musical figures of the 20th century, including Yehudi Menuhin, Alfred Cortot, Nadia Boulanger, and Francis Poulenc.

Alfred Cortot
Alfred Denis Cortot (/kɔːrˈtoʊ/ kor-TOH, French: [alfʁɛd dəni kɔʁto]; 26 September 1877 – 15 June 1962) was a French pianist, conductor, and teacher who was one of the most renowned classical musicians of the 20th century. A pianist of massive repertory, he was especially valued for his poetic insight into Romantic piano works, particularly those of Chopin, Franck, Saint-Saëns and Schumann. For Éditions Durand, he edited editions of almost all piano music by Chopin, Liszt and Schumann.

A central figure of the French musical culture in his time, he was well known for his piano trio with violinist Jacques Thibaud and cellist Pablo Casals.
Coffeyville Refiners
The Coffeyville Refiners was the final nickname of the minor league baseball teams based in Coffeyville, Kansas.

Between 1896 and 1911, Coffeyville teams played as members of the 1896 Kansas State League, 1902 Missouri Valley League, 1906 Kansas State League, 1907 Oklahoma-Arkansas-Kansas League and 1911 Western Association, with a different nickname in each season. The "Refiners" played as members of the Class D level Southwestern League from 1921 to 1924, winning the 1923 league championship.

Coffeyville hosted home minor league games at Osborn Park in 1896, Mineral Park in 1902 and at Forest Park for the seasons between 1906 and 1924.

Oklahoma–Arkansas–Kansas League
The Oklahoma–Arkansas–Kansas League was an eight–team Class D level minor baseball league that existed in 1907. As its name indicates, it consisted of teams from Oklahoma, Arkansas and Kansas.

Its teams were the Bartlesville Boosters, Coffeyville Glassblowers, Fort Smith Soldiers, Independence Champs, McAlester Miners, Muskogee Redskins, Parsons Preachers and Tulsa Oilers.

Notable players include Chick Brandom, Drummond Brown, Larry Cheney, Frank Moore, Art Thomason and Lon Ury. Baseball Hall of Fame member Jake Beckley managed the Tulsa Oilers.

After multiple teams disbanded and withdrew, the league's season was shortened to mid–September. Bartlesville finished in first place.
John Dobson (priest)
John Richard Dobson DL (born 16 November 1964) is a British Church of England priest. Since 2014, he has been the dean of Ripon. Previously, he was a curate in County Durham and a vicar in Darlington. He also held the senior posts of area dean of Darlington and chair of the House of Clergy of the Durham Diocesan Synod.

Dean of Ripon
The Dean of Ripon is a senior cleric in the Church of England Diocese of Leeds. The dean is the head of the chapter at Ripon Cathedral – his predecessors were deans of the same church when it was previously the cathedral of the Diocese of Ripon and a minster in the diocese of York.
Persian and Urdu
The Persian language and Urdu have had an intricate relationship throughout the history of the latter. Persian historically played a significant role in the formation and development of the modern Urdu in South Asia, and today acts as its prestige language.

Modern Persian was brought to the Indian subcontinent by rulers of Turko-Persian origin from Central Asia during the region's medieval period. The large effect of Persian on Urdu is due to its historical status as an official and literary language under many of these rulers, as well as its status as a lingua franca during their reign over the subcontinent.

Persian was displaced by Urdu in North India during the British colonial rule in India, though it remains in use in its native Iran, Afghanistan (known as Dari) and Tajikistan (as Tajik). Urdu is currently the official language and lingua franca of Pakistan, and an officially recognized language for North Indian Muslims in the republic of India.

Iranian Persian
Iranian Persian (Persian: فارسی ایرانی, romanized: Fârsi-ye Irâni), Western Persian or Western Farsi, is the variety of the Persian language spoken in Iran and by others in neighboring countries, as well as by Iranian communities throughout the world. These are intelligible with other varieties of Persian, including Afghanistan's Dari and Tajikistan's Tajik. When contrasted with Dari and Tajik, it is often simply referred to as Farsi (Persian: فارسی, romanized: Fârsi).

Iranian Persian serves as the predominant and official spoken language in Iran, with 61.5 million mother tongue speakers in 2023 and 17.2 million second language speakers in 2021.