hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kesh (Sumer)
Kesh (Keš or Keši) was an ancient Sumerian city and religious site, whose patron goddess was Ninhursag. It was included on the "city seals" found at Jemdat Nasr. These seals sparked the theory that a proposed Early Dynastic I period of cities surrounding Nippur, known as the Kengir League, was in control of Sumer at that time. Its location is uncertain; some of the possible sites put forth include Al-Ubaid, near Ur, or Tell al-Wilayah near Adab or Abu Salabikh or even Tell Jidr though the consensus is now with Tell al-Wilayah or Tulul al-Baqarat. The city is known to be located near to the ancient city of Irisaĝrig and was under the control of that city. According to a riddle from Early Dynastic times, there was a Kesh Canal, which Adab was on.

It has been suggested that Mesilim, traditionally considered "King of Kish" was actually a ruler of Kesh, based on epigraphic reasons and by the fact that he called himself "beloved son of Ninharsag".

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Raghunathpur College
Raghunathpur College, established in 1961, is one of the oldest colleges in Raghunathpur, Purulia district. It offers undergraduate courses in Arts, commerce and sciences. The College is affiliated with  Sidho Kanho Birsha University.

Raghunathpur, Purulia
Raghunathpur is a city and a municipality in Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Raghunathpur subdivision. Industrial City Raghunathpur is located near Adra on the North-East part of Purulia district. It is connected with other cities through five main way road's, which are Purulia – Barakar road, Raghunathpur-Adra-Hura road, Raghunathpur-Chas road, Cheliyama road and Raghunathpur-Bankura road. The nearest main junction stations are Joychandi Pahar railway station and Adra Junction railway station.
Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation
The Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP) is the architecture school of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. It is also home to the Masters of Science program in Advanced Architectural Design, Computational Design Practice, Critical Curatorial & Conceptual Practices, Historic Preservation, Real Estate Development, Urban Design, and Urban Planning.

The school's resources include the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, the United States' largest architectural library and home to some of the first books published on architecture, as well as the origin of the Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals.

Recent deans of the school have included architects James Stewart Polshek (1972–1987), Bernard Tschumi (1988–2003), Mark Wigley (2004–2014), Amale Andraos (2014–2021), Weiping Wu (Interim Dean, 2022), and Andrés Jaque (2022–present).

Urban design
Urban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes based on geographical location. In addition to designing and shaping the physical features of towns, cities, and regional spaces, urban design considers 'bigger picture' issues of economic, social and environmental value and social design. The scope of a project can range from a local street or public space to an entire city and surrounding areas. Urban designers connect the fields of architecture, landscape architecture and urban planning to better organize local and community environments' dependent upon geographical location.

Some important focuses of urban design on this page include its historical impact, paradigm shifts, its interdisciplinary nature, and issues related to urban design.
Dasyloricaria
Dasyloricaria is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the armored suckermouth catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the mailed catfishes. The catfishes in this genus are found in Central and South America. The distribution of these species includes the northwestern South America on the Pacific slope of Colombia and Panama. Its distribution is restricted to the Pacific slope of the Andes, which is a unique pattern of distribution within the subfamily.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Leon Sperling
Leon Sperling (7 August 1900 – c. 15 December 1941) was a Polish footballer.

Sperling was born in Kraków, and was Jewish. He was a forward, playing on the left wing. Sperling represented Cracovia, the team he led in 1921, 1930, and 1932 to the Championship of Poland. He also played in 16 games for the Poland national team, including Poland's lone game at the 1924 Paris Olympic Games. He was regarded as a highly skilled dribbler. He also coached in Lviv. Sperling is one of Cracovia Kraków's legends.

Sperling was shot to death by the German Nazis in the Lwów Ghetto in December 1941. His Jewish teammate, Józef Klotz, was also killed in the Holocaust.

KS Cracovia
Cracovia (Polish pronunciation: [kraˈkɔvja]) is a Polish professional football club based in Kraków. The club is five-time Polish champion, besides being the inaugural Polish champion, winner of the Polish Cup and the Polish Super Cup in 2020. Founded in 1906, Cracovia is the oldest Polish club still in existence. They play in the Ekstraklasa, the top tier of the national football league system.
Vijay K. Dhir
Vijay K. Dhir is the former Dean of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, holding the position from March 2003 to January 2016. He is also a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, joining the UCLA faculty in 1974. He is the principal investigator of the Boiling eXperiment Facility - Nucleate Pool Boiling eXperiment (BXF-NPBX), which was conducted in micro-g environment on the International Space Station to understand bubble growth, detachment and subsequent motion of single and large merged bubbles boiling in micro-g environment.

Dhir was born in Giddarbaha, in Punjab and raised in India. He received his Bachelor of Science degree from Punjab Engineering College in 1965 and his MTech degree from Indian Institute of Technology in 1968. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in 1972 from the University of Kentucky.

Punjab Engineering College
Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University) (abbreviated PEC or PEC Chandigarh) is a public research & technical institution in Chandigarh. It was founded in 1921 in Lahore, established in Chandigarh in 1953, and focuses on the field of applied sciences, particularly engineering and technology. It is well-known for its undergraduate and graduate programmes in engineering, to which the entry is through the Joint Entrance Examination – Mains and Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering. It offers degrees such as Bachelor of Technology, Master of Technology and MBA. It also has a comprehensive graduate program offering doctoral degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.
Brevis ordinacio de predicacione Sancte Crucis
The Brevis ordinacio de predicacione Sancte Crucis ("The Short Ordinance for Preaching the Holy Cross"), sometimes known as the Ordinacio de predicacione Sancti Crucis in Anglia ("The Ordinance for Preaching the Holy Cross in England"), is a 13th-century Latin manual for preaching a crusade. It is anonymous.

The Ordinacio is one of only two known crusade preaching tracts from the 13th century, before the fall of Acre. It is the earlier and shorter, the other being Humbert of Romans' De predicatione Sancti Crucis of the 1260s.

Crusade preaching
Preaching was the primary means by which a crusade, once proclaimed by a pope, was launched. The preaching of the cross, as crusade preaching was known, generally took place under the authority of the pope. This preaching had two main goals: recruiting soldiers and raising funds.
Akita Prefectural General Pool
Akita Prefectural General Pool (秋田県立総合プール, Akita Kenritsu Sōgō Pūru) is a swimming venue in Akita, Akita, Japan. An Olympic competitor, Hiroko Nagasaki is the honorary director. It hosted the 2001 World Games, and it is the largest swimming pool in the prefecture.

Akita (city)
Akita (秋田市, Akita-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital and most populous city of Akita Prefecture, Japan, and has been designated a core city since 1 April 1997. As of 1 August 2023, the city has an estimated population of 300,502 persons in 136,628 households and a population density of 332 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 906.07 square kilometres (349.84 sq mi).
David Henrie
David Clayton Henrie (/ˈhɛnri/ HEN-ree; born July 11, 1989) is an American actor, writer, and director. He is noted for playing Ted Mosby's future son Luke on How I Met Your Mother; Justin Russo in Wizards of Waverly Place and its sequel Wizards Beyond Waverly Place, as well as starring in the films Little Boy and Walt Before Mickey.

Ted Mosby
Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the protagonist in the American sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. He serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the "long version" of how he met their mother.
Molotov Man
Molotov Man is a photograph taken by Susan Meiselas during the 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution. Famous in its Nicaraguan context as a symbol of the Sandinista revolution, it has been widely reproduced and remixed.

Outside that context, it was reproduced as an Internet meme based on Joy Garnett's 2003 painting Molotov and became a prominent case study of the reuse of art.

The photograph depicts a man, later found to be Pablo "Bareta" Arauz, who is poised to throw a Molotov cocktail, made from a Pepsi bottle, in his right hand while he holds a rifle in his left.

Susan Meiselas
Susan Meiselas (born June 21, 1948) is an American documentary photographer. She has been associated with Magnum Photos since 1976 and been a full member since 1980. Currently she is the President of the Magnum Foundation. She is best known for her 1970s photographs of war-torn Nicaragua and American carnival strippers.

Meiselas has published several books of her own photographs and has edited and contributed to others. Her works have been published in newspapers and magazines including The New York Times, The Times, Time, GEO, and Paris Match. She received the Robert Capa Gold Medal in 1979 and was named a MacArthur Fellow in 1992. In 2006, she was awarded The Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship and in 2019 the Deutsche Börse Photography Foundation Prize.

After a relationship that spanned more than thirty years, she married filmmaker Richard P. Rogers shortly before his death in 2001.
2022 Libéma Open
The 2022 Libéma Open was a professional tennis tournament played on the outdoor grass courts at Autotron Rosmalen in Rosmalen, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands from 6 June to 12 June 2022. It was the 31st edition of the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships and was classified as an ATP 250 event on the men's 2022 ATP Tour and a WTA 250 event on the women's 2022 WTA Tour. The tournament was previously held in 2019 after the COVID-19 pandemic forced the double postponement of the event.

Jesper de Jong
Jesper de Jong (born 31 May 2000) is a Dutch tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 71 achieved on 5 January 2026 and a doubles ranking of No. 135 achieved on 23 May 2022. He is the current Dutch No. 2 singles player. De Jong has won three singles and seven doubles titles on the ATP Challenger Tour.
Danny Worsnop
Danny Robert Worsnop (born 4 September 1990) is an English singer most prominently known as the lead vocalist of rock bands Asking Alexandria and We Are Harlot. He has worked with several artists including I See Stars, Papa Roach, With One Last Breath, Breathe Carolina, Memphis May Fire, The Word Alive, All That Remains, The Funeral Portrait and Testarossa, providing guest vocals on several songs.

Worsnop also maintains a solo music career. He released his debut solo full-length country-inspired studio album, The Long Road Home, in 2017. He released his second studio album, Shades of Blue, in 2019 through Sumerian Records, followed by the two standalone singles "Another You" and "Happy".

Worsnop performs both screaming and clean vocals. Jake Richardson of Loudwire described him as "a metalcore vocalist more in the guise of a classic rock frontman."

Stand Up and Scream
Stand Up and Scream is the second studio album by English rock band Asking Alexandria. Produced by Joey Sturgis, it was released on 15 September 2009 through Sumerian Records. The album has peaked at No. 170 on the Billboard 200, No. 29 on Top Independent albums, and No. 4 on Heatseekers Albums. The record managed to remain on the Heatseekers Albums chart at No. 36 until the end of July 2010.

The album is now considered a landmark in the metalcore genre. The album's sound was emulated my numerous bands during the first half of the 2010s.
2019 Australian Open – Girls' doubles
Natsumi Kawaguchi and Adrienn Nagy won the girls' doubles tennis title at the 2019 Australian Open, defeating Chloe Beck and Emma Navarro in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Liang En-shuo and Wang Xinyu were the defending champions. However, Liang was no longer eligible to participate in junior tournaments, and Wang chose not to participate.

Natsumi Kawaguchi
Natsumi Kawaguchi (川口夏実, Kawaguchi Natsumi; born 28 June 2002) is a Japanese tennis player.

On 9 October 2023, she has achieved career-high rankings of 346 in singles and on 4 December 2023 of 232 in doubles.

Kawaguchi and her partner Adrienn Nagy won the 2019 Australian girls' doubles title, beating Emma Navarro and Chloe Beck in the final.

She qualified for the main draw of the WTA 500 2023 Pan Pacific Open at home in Tokyo but had to withdraw shortly after.
Welschenrohr
Welschenrohr (French: Rosières) is a former municipality in the district of Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021 the former municipalities of Gänsbrunnen and Welschenrohr merged to form the new municipality of Welschenrohr-Gänsbrunnen.

Welschenrohr-Gänsbrunnen
Welschenrohr-Gänsbrunnen is a municipality in the district of Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021 the former municipalities of Gänsbrunnen and Welschenrohr merged to form the new municipality of Welschenrohr-Gänsbrunnen.
Kathy Oltion
Kathy Oltion is a science fiction novelist known primarily for her Star Trek work, which began with publication in the first two Strange New Worlds anthologies from Pocket Books ("See Spot Run" in the first, "The Quick and the Dead" in the second).

She also co-wrote the novel Star Trek: New Earth: The Flaming Arrow (Book Four of Six) with her husband, Jerry Oltion. Both authors live in Eugene, Oregon.

In addition to writing science fiction, Kathy Oltion also works in a medical laboratory.

She is a member of the Wordos writers' group.

Star Trek: Strange New Worlds (short story collection)
Star Trek: Strange New Worlds is a science fiction anthology series of licensed, fan-written, short stories based on, and inspired by, Star Trek and its spin-off television series and films. The series was published by Simon & Schuster, from 1996 to 2016, edited by Dean Wesley Smith, with assistance from John J. Ordover and Paula M. Block. The collected stories were submitted by amateur writers.

The series concluded in 2007. A new edition was announced in 2015, scheduled for release as part of Star Trek's 50th Anniversary Celebration.
Type 903 replenishment ship
The Type 903 combined replenishment ship (Chinese: 903型综合补给舰, NATO reporting name: Fuchi) is a class of replenishment oiler (AOR) built for the People's Liberation Army Navy, serving as a principal fleet auxiliary ship for blue-water expeditionary missions by the People's Republic of China. They resemble HTMS Similan, an AOR built by China for Thailand delivered in 1996.

Two original-design Type 903s entered service in 2003. Construction of the Type 903A (NATO reporting name: Fuchi II), a slightly modified design, began in 2010; the first Type 903As entered service in 2013, and a total of eight ships are currently in service.

HTMS Similan
HTMS Similan (871) (Thai: เรือหลวงสิมิลัน) is a replenishment oiler (AOR) of the Royal Thai Navy. She was intended to support the aircraft carrier HTMS Chakri Naruebet and its escorts. Similan was constructed in the People's Republic of China at the Hudong Shipyard through a 1993 contract with the China State Shipbuilding Corporation. The ship was commissioned in 1996. Similan is the largest ship in the Thai navy and the largest naval ship exported by China.

The design is a flush-decked development of the Chinese Type 905 AOR resembling the French Durance; the builder referred to the design as Type R22T. Similan was a sister ship or the precursor to the later Chinese Type 903.
Abel Santamaría Airport
Abel Santamaría Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto "Abel Santamaría") (IATA: SNU, ICAO: MUSC) is an international airport serving Santa Clara, the capital city of the Villa Clara Province in Cuba. It was named after the Cuban revolutionary Abel Santamaría. The airport is the main entry point for tourists travelling to Cayo Santa María and the other keys on the northern coast of the province.

Santa Clara, Cuba
Santa Clara is the capital city of the Cuban province of Villa Clara. It is centrally located in the province and Cuba. Santa Clara is the fifth-most populous Cuban city, with a population of nearly 245,959.
Valerie Arioto
Valerie "Val" Ann Arioto (born April 10, 1989) is an American, former collegiate All-American, medal-winning Olympian, softball pitcher and first baseman. She was a pitcher and infielder for the California Golden Bears in the Pac-12 Conference. She has also served as a member of the United States women's national softball team since 2012, and at the 2020 Summer Olympics helped the team win a silver medal.

California Golden Bears softball
The California Golden Bears softball team is the college softball team representing the University of California, Berkeley in NCAA Division I. The team plays its home games at Levine-Fricke Field, which is located in Strawberry Canyon near California Memorial Stadium. While the stadium was built in 1995, it is not up to the standards of the NCAA, and therefore cannot host NCAA tournament games. California softball is one of the most consistently successful programs at the school, having appeared in 28 consecutive NCAA tournaments from 1986 through 2013, and winning a national championship in 2002.
The Constant Nymph (play)
The Constant Nymph is a play based on the 1924 novel of the same name by Margaret Kennedy. The stage version, adapted by Kennedy and the director Basil Dean, was first performed in London in 1926, starring Noël Coward, Edna Best and Cathleen Nesbitt. It portrays the love of two women for a young composer, and the conflicts that arise. The tragic ending has the younger of the two – a teenager – die of heart failure.

Margaret Kennedy
Margaret Davies, Lady Davies (née Kennedy ; 23 April 1896 – 31 July 1967) was an English novelist and playwright. Her most successful work, as a novel and as a play, was The Constant Nymph. She was a productive writer and several of her works were filmed. Three of her novels were reprinted in 2011.
Julia F. Parker
Julia Florence Parker (born February 1928) is a Coast Miwok-Kashaya Pomo basket weaver.

Parker studied with some of the leading 20th century indigenous Californian basketweavers: Lucy Telles (Yosemite Miwok-Mono Lake Paiute); Mabel McKay, (Cache Creek Pomo-Patwin) and Elsie Allen (Cloverdale Pomo). Over the last 40 years, Parker has become one of the preeminent Native American basket makers in California. She is a respected elder of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria and long-time resident of Yosemite Valley.

Parker is prolific artist, teacher, and storyteller.

Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria
The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, formerly known as the Federated Coast Miwok, is a federally recognized American Indian tribe of Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo Indians. The tribe was officially restored to federal recognition in 2000 by the U.S. government pursuant to the Graton Rancheria Restoration Act.
The Witches (1967 film)
The Witches (Italian: Le streghe) is a 1967 commedia all'italiana anthology film produced by Dino De Laurentiis in 1965. It consists of five comic stories dealing with the roles of women in Italian society, directed by Luchino Visconti, Mauro Bolognini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Franco Rossi and Vittorio De Sica. The film stars Silvana Mangano and features Clint Eastwood, Annie Girardot, Totò and Alberto Sordi. It was the last film starring Totò to be released in his lifetime.

Totò
Antonio Griffo Focas Flavio Angelo Ducas Comneno Porfirogenito Gagliardi De Curtis di Bisanzio (15 February 1898 – 15 April 1967), best known by his stage name Totò (Italian: [toˈtɔ]), or simply as Antonio de Curtis, and nicknamed il principe della risata ("the prince of laughter"), was an Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter, dramatist, poet, singer and lyricist. He is commonly referred to as one of the most popular Italian performers of all time. While best known for his funny and sometimes cynical comic characters in theatre and then many successful comedy films made from the 1940s to the 1960s, he also worked with many iconic Italian film directors in dramatic roles.
DECtalk
DECtalk is a speech synthesizer and text-to-speech technology that was developed by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1983, based largely on the work of Dennis Klatt at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, whose source-filter algorithm was variously known as KlattTalk or MITalk.

Uses ranged from interacting with the public to allowing those with speech disabilities to verbalize, include giving a public speech.

Dennis H. Klatt
Dennis H. Klatt (March 31, 1938 – December 30, 1988) was an American researcher in speech and hearing science. Klatt was the pioneer of computerized speech synthesis and created an interface which allowed for speech for non-expert users for the first time. His research was commercialized as DECtalk. The default male voice in DECTalk, Perfect Paul, is based on Klatt's own voice.

Prior to his work, non-verbal individuals would need specialist support to be able to speak at all. Stephen Hawking used an equivalent voice to Perfect Paul, which Hawking chose to keep even after more advanced speech synthesizers became available.