hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slip law
In the United States, a slip law is an individual Act of Congress which is either a public law (Pub.L.) or a private law (Pvt.L.). Slip laws are published as softcover unbound pamphlets, each with its own individual pagination.  They are part of a three-part model for publication of federal statutes consisting of slip laws, session laws, and codification. Session laws are compiled into the Statutes at Large (Stat.), and codification results in the United States Code (U.S.C.).

Public and private laws are prepared and published by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). At the end of a Congressional session, slip laws are compiled into the Statutes at Large, which are called "session laws", published by the Government Printing Office (GPO). Today, most of the public laws, but not private laws, are drafted as amendments to the United States Code.

United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO or GPO), formerly the United States Government Printing Office, is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government. The office produces and distributes information products and services for all three branches of the Federal Government, including U.S. passports for the Department of State as well as the official publications of the Supreme Court, the Congress, the Executive Office of the President, executive departments, and independent agencies.

An act of Congress changed the office's name to its current form in 2014.
Martyrs of Compiègne
The Martyrs of Compiègne were the 16 members of the Carmel of Compiègne, France: 11 Discalced Carmelite nuns, three lay sisters, and two externs (or tertiaries). They were executed by the guillotine towards the end of the Reign of Terror, at what is now the Place de la Nation in Paris on 17 July 1794, and are venerated as martyr saints of the Catholic Church. Ten days after their execution, Maximilien Robespierre himself was executed, ending the Reign of Terror. Their story has inspired a novella, a motion picture, a television movie, and an opera, Dialogues of the Carmelites, written by French composer Francis Poulenc.

Lay brother
Lay brother is an outdated term which referred to a male member of a religious order who has not been ordained as priests. The term was particularly used in the Catholic Church. Lay brothers were distinguished from choir monks or friars in that they did not pray in choir, and from clerics, in that they did not prepare for holy orders. This specific definition is no longer applied by the Catholic Church.

Lay brothers played a crucial role in maintaining the upkeep of facilities, performing community service work, and providing technical and administrative expertise to assist with the mission of their order, while clerics typically focus on preaching, liturgy, and leadership.

In religious institutes for women, the equivalent term was lay sister. Lay brothers were originally created to allow those who were skilled in particular crafts or did not have the required education to study for holy orders to participate in and contribute to the life of a religious order.
MassKara Festival Queen 2015
MassKara Queen 2015 was the 35th edition of the MassKara Festival Queen pageant was held on October 12, 2015 at SMX Convention Center in SM City Bacolod in Bacolod City, Philippines. Sam Gergiana Yu, a Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Mathematics major, was crowned by the outgoing winner Christine Joy Madamba at the end of the event.

MassKara Festival Queen
MassKara Festival Queen (now called Miss Bacolod MassKara) is a local beauty pageant in Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines. Begun in 1981, it is one of the highlights of a week-long celebration called the MassKara Festival.
John Ruiz vs. Evander Holyfield III
John Ruiz vs. Evander Holyfield III was a professional boxing match contested on December 15, 2001 for the WBA heavyweight championship. The fight ended in a split draw, a result that meant Ruiz retained his WBA title.

Split draw
A split draw is an outcome in several full-contact combat sports, including boxing, mixed martial arts, and other sports involving striking. In a split draw, one of the three judges scores the contest in favor of one fighter, another judge scores it in favor of the other fighter, and the third judge scores the contest as a draw. The decision is announced as a draw.
Ralph Ely
Ralph Ely (July 10, 1820 – April 12, 1883) was an American politician and military officer from Michigan. He was the first settler of Alma, Michigan, and served as a colonel in the Union Army and was brevetted brigadier general. He served as a member of the Michigan Senate from 1873 to 1874 and as Michigan Auditor General from 1875 to 1878.

Michigan Auditor General
The Michigan auditor general is the chief fiscal officer of the State of Michigan. The Office of the Auditor General was established in 1836 and, with changes to the Michigan Constitution in 1963, has become the independent oversight arm of the Legislature. The first Michigan auditor general was Robert Abbott. The first Republican in office (1863) was Emil Anneke, an active abolitionist, Forty-Eighter of German Origin and younger brother of U.S. colonel and German 1849 revolutionary leader Fritz Anneke. In 1959, lawyer and NAACP activist Otis M. Smith was elected the Michigan auditor general, as one of the first African Americans to serve in a senior state government office.

The current Michigan auditor general, Doug A. Ringler, C.P.A, C.I.A, was appointed by the Michigan Legislature effective June 9, 2014.
Rachel Crellin
Rachel Crellin is an archaeologist who specialises in archaeological theory and the prehistory of the British Isles. She joined the University of Leicester in 2015, and is an Associate Professor of Archaeology. She is also a metalwork wear-analyst. In 2020 she delivered the Prehistoric Society's annual Sarah Champion Memorial Lecture and in 2021 she delivered the Royal Anthropological Institute's Curl Lecture.

Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI) is a long-established anthropological organisation, and Learned Society, with a global membership. Its remit includes all the component fields of anthropology, such as biological anthropology, evolutionary anthropology, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, visual anthropology and medical anthropology, as well as sub-specialisms within these, and interests shared with neighbouring disciplines such as human genetics, archaeology and linguistics. It seeks to combine a tradition of scholarship with services to anthropologists, including students.

The RAI promotes the public understanding of anthropology, as well as the contribution anthropology can make to public affairs and social issues. It includes within its constituency not only academic anthropologists, but also those with a general interest in the subject, and those trained in anthropology who work in other fields.
Georgia-Mae Fenton
Georgia-Mae Fenton (born 2 November 2000) is an English artistic gymnast and a member of both the British national gymnastics team and the England Commonwealth Games gymnastics squad. She is the 2018 and 2022 Commonwealth champion on uneven bars, and a member of the gold medal-winning England team in 2022. With Great Britain, she was part of the team that won silver at both the 2022 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships and 2022 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, before winning the gold medal, the first for a British women's team, at the 2023 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships.

Domestically, Fenton is a four-time English champion and a two-time British champion.

Gymnastics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Gymnastics competitions at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in the Gold Coast, Australia, were held from April 5 to 9, 2018 (artistic) and 11 to 13 (rhythmic) at the Coomera Indoor Sports Centre.  A total of 14 artistic gymnastics events were held (eight for men and six for women), along with six rhythmic gymnastics events.
Gamco, Inc. v. Providence Fruit & Produce Building, Inc.
Gamco, Inc. v. Providence Fruit & Produce Building, Inc., 194 F.2d 484 (1st Cir. 1952), is a 1952 First Circuit decision in the United States.

It holds that an organization controlling a building that served as the centralized market for the wholesaling of fresh produce in Providence, Rhode Island, violated the antitrust laws when it unjustifiably expelled the plaintiff produce dealer Gamco and refused to allow it to rent space in the facility.

The court does not mention the term "essential facility." but this is an important essential facility doctrine case.

Essential facilities doctrine
The essential facilities doctrine (sometimes also referred to as the essential facility doctrine) is a legal doctrine which describes a particular type of claim of monopolization made under competition laws.  In general, it refers to a type of anti-competitive behavior in which a firm with market power uses a "bottleneck" in a market to deny competitors entry into the market.  It is closely related to a claim for refusal to deal.

The doctrine has its origins in United States law, but it has been adopted (often with some modification) into the legal systems of the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa, and the European Union.
Charles Leslie Wrenn
Charles Leslie Wrenn FPCO (30 December 1895 – 31 May 1969) was an English scholar and writer, the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon between 1945 and 1963, and the founder and chairman of the International Association of University Professors of English. Wrenn was also the President of the Philological Society from 1944 to 1948.

Pembroke College, Oxford
Pembroke College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is located on Pembroke Square, Oxford. The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England and VI of Scotland, using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale, and was named after William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain and then-Chancellor of the University.

Like many Oxford colleges, Pembroke previously accepted men only, admitting its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979. As of 2020, Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of £58.9 million. Pembroke College provides almost the full range of study available at Oxford University.

A former Senior President of Tribunals and Lord Justice of Appeal, Sir Ernest Ryder, has held the post of Master of Pembroke since 2020.
Seneca mission
The Seneca mission, sometimes called the Buffalo Creek mission, was a Christian mission to the Seneca people living in and around the Buffalo Creek Reservation in western New York. It was maintained, by several leaders and under the supervision of numerous missionary societies, from the early to mid-19th century. Some Seneca people accepted the mission; others, including Red Jacket and his followers, were strenuously opposed. Missionaries affiliated with the Seneca mission, including Asher Wright, transcribed the Seneca language into the Roman alphabet and printed Christian literature in Seneca.

Buffalo Creek Reservation
The Buffalo Creek Reservation was a tract of land surrounding Buffalo Creek in the central portion of Erie County, New York. It contained approximately 49,920 acres (202.0 km2) of land and was set aside for the Seneca Nation following negotiations with the United States after the American Revolutionary War.
Verónica Vilches
Verónica del Carmen Vilches Olivares (born July 30, 1970) is a Chilean environmental activist focused on issues of water access in the Chilean Province of Petorca, in the Valparaíso Region. Currently, she works as President of a drinking water supply system in San José, located within the municipality of Cabildo. In addition, she is the leader of the Movement for the Defense of Water, Land and the Protection of the Environment (MODATIMA) which seeks to defend the rights of peasants, workers and inhabitants to access water.

Petorca
Petorca is a Chilean town and commune located in the Petorca Province, Valparaíso Region. The commune spans an area of 1,516.6 km2 (586 sq mi). Since 2010 Petorca has been affected by a long-term drought aggravated by poor water administration that have allowed limited water resources go to avocado plantations rather than human settlements.
Zeitpyramide
The Zeitpyramide (lit. 'time pyramid') is a work of public art by Manfred Laber under construction in Wemding, Germany. The pyramid began in 1993, the year of the town's 1,200th anniversary. With a new block added every ten years, the structure is planned to consist of 120 blocks when complete after 1,190 years, in the year 3183.

Timeline of the far future
While the future cannot be predicted with certainty, present understanding in various scientific fields allows for the prediction of some far-future events, if only in the broadest outline. These fields include astrophysics, which studies how planets and stars form, interact and die; particle physics, which has revealed how matter behaves at the smallest scales; evolutionary biology, which studies how life evolves over time; plate tectonics, which shows how continents shift over millennia; and sociology, which examines how human societies and cultures evolve.

These timelines begin at the start of the 4th millennium in 3001 CE, and continue until the furthest and most remote reaches of future time. They include alternative future events that address unresolved scientific questions, such as whether humans will become extinct, whether the Earth survives when the Sun expands to become a red giant and whether proton decay will be the eventual end of all matter in the universe.
Darryl Sittler
Darryl Glen Sittler (born September 18, 1950) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1970 until 1985 for the Toronto Maple Leafs, the Philadelphia Flyers and the Detroit Red Wings. He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1989, the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 2003 and the Canadian Walk of Fame in 2016. In 2017 Sittler was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

On February 7, 1976, Sittler set an NHL record for most points by an individual in one game when he scored ten points (six goals and four assists) against the Boston Bruins. He also remains the most recent NHL player to score six goals in one game.

Canada's Walk of Fame
Canada's Walk of Fame (French: Allée des célébrités canadiennes) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a walk of fame that acknowledges the achievements and accomplishments of Canadians who have excelled in their respective fields. It is a series of maple leaf-like stars embedded in 13 designated blocks' worth of sidewalks in Toronto in front of Roy Thomson Hall, The Princess of Wales Theatre, and The Royal Alexandra Theatre on King Street as well as Simcoe Street.

The first group was inducted in 1998, and it now includes 204 Canadian activists, scientists, philanthropists, athletes, coaches, actors, directors, writers, producers, musicians, comedians, cartoonists, models and others.
Sam Gibbons
Samuel Melville Gibbons (January 20, 1920 – October 10, 2012) was an American politician from the state of Florida, who served in the Florida State House of Representatives, Florida State Senate, and the U.S. House of Representatives. He represented the city of Tampa in Congress for over 30 years.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
Ken Maddison
Ken Maddison (1944–2008) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played in the New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership for the St. George Dragons (with whom he won the 1966 premiership) and later the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks (whom he captained). He was also a state and national representative, playing four Tests for Australia in 1973.

New South Wales rugby league team
The New South Wales rugby league team has represented the Australian state of New South Wales in rugby league football since the sport's beginnings there in 1907. Also known as the Blues due to their sky blue jerseys, the team competes in the annual State of Origin series against Queensland. The team is currently coached by Laurie Daley and captained by Isaah Yeo, and is administered by the New South Wales Rugby League.

Prior to 1980 when the "state of origin" selection criteria was introduced, the New South Wales team, in addition to playing annually against Queensland, played matches against foreign touring sides and occasionally toured overseas themselves. Their home stadium is  Accor Stadium in Sydney, the largest stadium in the state, having been constructed for the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Lo Stato Sociale
Lo Stato Sociale (Italian for "The Welfare State") were an Italian band, formed in 2009 and consisting of Alberto Cazzola, Lodovico "Lodo" Guenzi, Enrico Roberto, Francesco Draicchio and Alberto Guidetti.

The group released four studio albums, two compilation albums, and eight EPs, along with a series of singles. They participated in the Sanremo Music Festival twice: in 2018 with "Una vita in vacanza" and in 2021 with "Combat Pop". "Una vita in vacanza" is also the band's biggest hit, having reached second place at Sanremo, first place on the FIMI's singles chart, and being certified double platinum.

In 2024, following the death of their manager and mentor Matteo Romagnoli, the group announced their disbandment.

Sanremo Music Festival 2018
The Sanremo Music Festival 2018 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2018), officially the 68th Italian Song Festival (68º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 68th annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held in the Teatro Ariston of Sanremo and organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was presented by Claudio Baglioni, who also served as the artistic director, with Michelle Hunziker and Pierfrancesco Favino.

The competition was divided in two sections. The winners of the Big Artists section were Ermal Meta and Fabrizio Moro with "Non mi avete fatto niente", who thus earned the right to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018. The Newcomers' sections was won by Ultimo with the song "Il ballo delle incertezze".
Lithuania District
Lithuania District (German: Verwaltungsbezirk Litauen) was an administrative subdivision of German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost, from 1915 to 1918, during World War I. It was bordered by the Bialystok-Grodno District to the south and the Courland District to the north.

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
Strong Machine J
Strong Machine J (ストロングマシーン・J, Sutorongu Mashīn J) is a Japanese luchador enmascarado (masked professional wrestler) currently signed to the Japanese professional wrestling promotion Dragongate. He is a former Open the Triangle Gate Champion.

Dragongate
Dragongate (DRAGONGATE株式会社, DRAGONGATE Kabushiki-gaisha; formerly Dragon Gate and currently promoted as Dragongate Japan Pro-Wrestling (ドラゴンゲート・ジャパン・プロレスリング, Doragongēto Japan puroresuringu)) is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion founded and headquartered in Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan.

The byproduct of the original Japanese Toryumon (闘龍門, Tōryūmon) promotion founded by Último Dragón, it is considered one of the current five major wrestling promotions in Japan. The promotion is based on a junior heavyweight style with varying emphasis on high flying maneuvers, flashy technical grappling, and submission wrestling. In its founding, and continuous to this day, Dragongate runs on a faction-based roster system, with the main heel stable(s) being derived from the previous, and face stables coming and going as time goes on.

Dragongate is currently owned by CEO Toru Kido as of 2018, and is a member of the United Japan Pro-Wrestling association.
L.W.C. van den Berg
Lodewijk Willem Christiaan van den Berg (October 19, 1845 – March 2, 1927), more commonly known as L.W.C. van den Berg, was a Dutch oriental scholar in the Dutch colonial era famous with his research on Arab Indonesians of Hadhrami descent, which was the first detailed research of its kind in the world at the time.

Hadharem
The Hadharem (Arabic: حضارم, romanized: ḥaḍārim; singular: Hadhrami, Arabic: حضرمي, romanized: ḥaḍramī) are an Arab ethnographic group indigenous to the Hadhramaut region in the Arabian Peninsula, which is part of modern-day Yemen, southern Oman, and southern Saudi Arabia. The spoken language of the Hadharem is Hadhrami Arabic. Among the two million inhabitants of Hadhramaut, there are about 1,300 distinct tribes.
Inés Arrimadas
Inés Arrimadas García (Spanish: [iˈnes ariˈmaðas]; born 3 July 1981) is a Spanish lawyer and former politician who served as Member of the Congress of Deputies and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress. She was previously the leader of the regional branch of the party in Catalonia. In March 2020, she was voted party leader.

Arrimadas was born and raised in Jerez de la Frontera. Before entering in politics she worked as a consultant. She became a member of the party in 2011 and she first started being the spokesperson of the youth section. She became an MP of the Catalan parliament after the 2012 election. She was the Leader of the Opposition in the Catalan Parliament from 2015 to 2019.

Parliament of Catalonia
The Parliament of Catalonia (Catalan: Parlament de Catalunya, IPA: [pəɾləˈmen də kətəˈluɲə]; Spanish: Parlamento de Cataluña; Occitan: Parlament de Catalonha) is the unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The Parliament is currently made up of 135 members, known as deputies (diputats/deputats/diputados), who are elected for four-year terms or after extraordinary dissolution, chosen by universal suffrage in lists of four constituencies, corresponding to the Catalan provinces. The Parliament building is located in Ciutadella Park, Barcelona.

Established in 1932, after the granting of self-governance to Catalonia by the Second Spanish Republic, it went to exile in 1939 as a consequence of the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War. It was reestablished in 1979 during the transition to democracy. The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 12 May 2024.
Arthur P. Davis
Arthur Paul Davis (November 21, 1904 – April 21, 1996) was an influential American university professor, literary scholar, and the writer and editor of several important critical texts such as The Negro Caravan, The New Cavalcade, and From the Dark Tower: Afro-American Writers 1900–1960. He was African-American. Influenced by the Harlem Renaissance, Davis has inspired many African-Americans to pursue literature and the arts.

Alain LeRoy Locke
Alain LeRoy Locke (/əˈleɪn/; September 13, 1885 – June 9, 1954) was an American writer, philosopher, and educator. Distinguished in 1907 as the first African American Rhodes Scholar, Locke became known as the philosophical architect—the acknowledged "Dean"—of the Harlem Renaissance. He is frequently included in listings of influential African Americans. On March 19, 1968, the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. proclaimed: "We're going to let our children know that the only philosophers that lived were not Plato and Aristotle, but W. E. B. Du Bois and Alain Locke came through the universe."