hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ultrafilter
In the mathematical field of order theory, an ultrafilter on a given partially ordered set (or "poset")  is a certain subset of  namely a maximal filter on  that is, a proper filter on  that cannot be enlarged to a bigger proper filter on

If  is an arbitrary set, its power set  ordered by set inclusion, is always a Boolean algebra and hence a poset, and ultrafilters on  are usually called ultrafilters on the set . An ultrafilter on a set  may be considered as a finitely additive 0-1-valued measure on . In this view, every subset of  is either considered "almost everything" (has measure 1) or "almost nothing" (has measure 0), depending on whether it belongs to the given ultrafilter or not.: §4

Ultrafilters have many applications in set theory, model theory, topology: 186  and combinatorics.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
HMCS New Glasgow
HMCS New Glasgow was a River-class frigate that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War and as a Prestonian-class frigate from 1955 to 1965. She was named for New Glasgow, Nova Scotia.

New Glasgow was ordered in April 1942 as part of the 1943–1944 River-class building program. She was laid down on 2 December 1942 by Yarrows Ltd. at Esquimalt and launched 23 June 1943. New Glasgow was commissioned into the RCN at the Esquimalt naval base on 23 December 1943 with the pennant K320.

Prestonian-class frigate
The Prestonian-class ocean anti-submarine escort frigate was a class of 21 frigates that served with the Royal Canadian Navy from 1953 to 1967 and with the Royal Norwegian Navy from 1956 to 1977.

They were converted from mothballed River-class frigates of British design that had been placed in reserve following the end of the Second World War. The first vessel to be reactivated and undergo refit was Prestonian which was recommissioned on 28 August 1953. The class did not use sequential pennant numbers.
Vaadin
Vaadin (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋɑːdin]) is an open-source web application development platform for Java. Vaadin includes a set of Web Components, a Java web framework, and a set of tools that enable developers to implement modern web graphical user interfaces (GUI) using the Java programming language only (instead of HTML and JavaScript), TypeScript only, or a combination of both.

Web Components
Web Components are a set of features that provide a standard component model for the web allowing for encapsulation and interoperability of individual HTML elements. Web Components are a popular approach when building microfrontends.

Primary technologies used to create Web Components include:

Custom Elements

APIs to define new HTML elements

Shadow DOM

encapsulated DOM and styling, with composition

HTML Templates

HTML fragments that are not rendered, but stored until instantiated via JavaScript
Jeff Tuel
Jeffrey Victor Tuel (born February 12, 1991) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Washington State Cougars. He was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2013 and spent most of 2013 and 2014 as the Bills' third-string quarterback. He was also a member of the Jacksonville Jaguars.

As of June 2019 he was the vice president of sales for Fresno-based agriculture company Greenbrier Holdings, which at the time had just broken ground on a 20,000-square-foot operating plant for its burgeoning cannabis business.

Washington State Cougars football
The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12) Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894.

The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 35,117. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November but that is no longer the case with the Washington Huskies joining the Big Ten.
Kvæsthusgade
Kvæsthusgade is a short street in the Nyhavn Quarter of central Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from the mouth of the Nyhavn canal in the south to Ofelia Plads in the north. The rear side of the Royal Danish Playhouse dominates the east side of the street.

The Zinn House at No. 3 and the neighbouring building at No. 5 are both listed on the Danish registry of protected buildings and places.

Nyhavn
Nyhavn (Danish pronunciation: [ˈnyˌhɑwˀn]; New Haven) is a 17th-century waterfront, canal and entertainment district in Copenhagen, Denmark. Stretching from Kongens Nytorv to the Inner Harbour just south of the Royal Playhouse, it is lined by brightly coloured 17th and early 18th century townhouses and bars, cafes and restaurants. The canal harbours many historical wooden ships.
Cameron Alexander (alpine skier)
Cameron Alexander (born 31 May 1997) is a Canadian World Cup alpine ski racer and specializes in the speed events of downhill and super-G. He made his World Cup debut at age 22 at Lake Louise in November 2019, and gained his first victory (and podium) in a downhill at Kvitfjell in March 2022.

Alexander won the bronze medal in the downhill at the World Championships in 2023.

Downhill (ski competition)
Downhill is a form of alpine skiing competition. Whereas the other alpine skiing events (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and combined) emphasize turning and technique, downhill emphasizes "the six components of technique, courage, speed, risk, physical condition and judgement", according to the FIS "International Ski Competition Rules (ICR)". Speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph) are common in international competition. Athletes must have an aerodynamically efficient tuck position to minimize drag and increase speed.

The term, "downhill skiing", is also used as a synonym for alpine skiing as a recreational activity.
Colin Maclaurin
Colin Maclaurin, FRS (/məˈklɔːrən/; Scottish Gaelic: Cailean MacLabhruinn; Welsh: Colin MacLaren; February 1698 – 14 June 1746) was a Scottish mathematician who made important contributions to geometry and algebra. He is also known for being a child prodigy and holding the record for being the youngest professor. The Maclaurin series, a special case of the Taylor series, is named after him.

Owing to changes in orthography since that time (his name was originally rendered as M'Laurine), his surname is alternatively written MacLaurin.

James Gregory (mathematician)
James Gregory (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. His surname is sometimes spelt as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling. He described an early practical design for the reflecting telescope – the Gregorian telescope – and made advances in trigonometry, discovering infinite series representations for several trigonometric functions.

In his book Geometriae Pars Universalis (1668) Gregory gave both the first published statement and proof of the fundamental theorem of the calculus (stated from a geometric point of view, and only for a special class of the curves considered by later versions of the theorem), for which he was acknowledged by Isaac Barrow.
Volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics  was the 15th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Tokyo, Japan from 24 July to 7 August 2021. It was originally scheduled to take place from 25 July to 8 August 2020, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the IOC and the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee announced on 24 March 2020 that the 2020 Summer Olympics would be delayed to 2021. Because of this pandemic, all matches were played behind closed doors.

France won their first gold and overall medal with a 3–2 win over the Russian team that competed as the ROC. Argentina won the bronze medal in a narrow 3–2 victory over Brazil.

The medals for the competition were presented by Bernard Rajzman, IOC Member, Olympian, and Silver Medalist, Brazil; and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Ary Graça, FIVB President; Brazil.

Volleyball at the Summer Olympics
Volleyball has been part of the Summer Olympics program for both men and women consistently since 1964.

Brazil, France, the United States and the former Soviet Union are the only teams to win multiple gold medals at the men's tournament since its introduction. The remaining six editions of the Men's Olympic Volleyball Tournament were won each by a different country including Japan, Poland, Netherlands, Russia and the defunct Yugoslavia.

Gold medals are less evenly distributed in women's volleyball than in men's; the sixteen editions of the Women's Olympic Volleyball Tournament were won by seven countries: Brazil, Cuba, China, Japan, Italy, the United States and the former Soviet Union.
Oscar Adams (footballer)
Oscar Adams (born 23 July 2003) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Gold Coast Suns in the Australian Football League (AFL), having previously been listed with the St Kilda Football Club.

Gold Coast Suns
The Gold Coast Suns, officially the Gold Coast Football Club, are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League (AFL). The club is based on the Gold Coast in Queensland.

Founded in 2009, the club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season. It plays home matches at Carrara Stadium (known for commercial purposes as People First Stadium) and has its training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre. The club is one of two AFL clubs based in Queensland, the other being its main rival, the Brisbane Lions, which it competes against in the QClash.

In addition to the men's team, the Suns field other teams, including an AFL Women's side, a reserves side in the Victorian Football League, and a Gold Coast Suns Academy side consisting of the club's best junior development signings. It also competes in Division 2 of the men's, women's underage championships, and the Talent League.
Yury Em
Yury Pavlovich Em (Russian: Юрий Павлович Эм; born 12 September 1953) is a Russian politician and retired army officer. He held the rank of major general and sat as a member of the State Duma between 2011 and 2012, and between 2014 and 2016 during its sixth convocation.

Em had served as Deputy Chairman of the Government of Stavropol Krai and as Head of the Office of the Government of Stavropol Krai between 2012 and 2013, during his absence from the Duma. He also had been the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Chechen Republic from 2000 to 2002.

An army veteran, Em served in various wars, such as the Soviet-Afghan war, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the South Osseita war, the War in Abkhazia, the War in Dagestan, and the Chechen Wars. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation in 2000.

Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.
Gusić family
The Gusić family, also known as Gušić,  was one of the twelve noble tribes of the Kingdom of Croatia, mentioned in the Pacta conventa. They originated from the hinterland of Biograd in the medieval Luka and Sidraga županijas, where they are recorded at least since the 11th century. Their main regions of influence were Krbava and Gacka, where they often served as župans and knezes at least since the early 13th century. In the 14th century branched Posedarski who seated in Posedarje, and Kurjakovići who as magnates managed to gather much wealth and have high official positions at the Hungarian royal court as well two of their members became Ban of Croatia. As experienced warriors, they actively participated in the Croatian–Ottoman and late Ottoman–Venetian Wars. Direct descendants of the tribe with the surname Gusić, and possibly Gušić, live even today in Croatia and Slovenia.

Župan
Župan is a noble and administrative title used in several states in Central and Southeastern Europe between the 7th century and the 21st century. It was (and in Croatia still is) the leader of the administrative unit župa (or zhupa, županija). The term in turn was adopted by the Hungarians as ispán and spread further.
Armitage Avenue
Armitage Avenue is an east–west street in Chicago and its western suburbs, being located at 2000 North in the Chicago address system, two and one-half miles north of Madison Street.  Its west end is located at President Street in the western suburb of Glendale Heights.  In the western suburbs, it is a minor road, being split into many segments, usually by freeways.  Armitage Avenue becomes a major street at its intersection with Grand Avenue in Chicago, continuing east until Mendell Street, just east of its interchange with Interstates 90 and 94 (Kennedy Expressway), and just west of the North Branch of the Chicago River.  Immediately east of the river, it resumes as a minor road, beginning at a cul-de-sac, heading east until Southport Avenue.  At Racine Avenue, Armitage Avenue is once again a major street.  From here, it continues east until its east end at Clark Street, just west of Lincoln Park.

Clark Street (Chicago)
Clark Street is a north–south street in Chicago, Illinois, that runs close to the shore of Lake Michigan from the northern city boundary with Evanston, to 2200 South in the city street numbering system. At its northern end, Clark Street is at 1800 West; however the street runs diagonally through the Chicago grid for about 8 miles (13 km) to North Avenue (1600 N) and then runs at 100 West for the rest of its course south to Cermak Road. It is also seen in Riverdale beyond 127th street across the Calumet River, along with other nearby streets that ended just south of the Loop. The major length of Clark Street runs a total of 98 blocks.
Amangiri
Amangiri is a luxury resort hotel in Canyon Point in the Glen Canyon National Recreation region of Utah. Part of Aman Resorts based in Baar, Switzerland next to Zug, it was built by Marwan Al-Sayed, Rick Joy, and Wendell Burnett, and opened in 2009.

Aman Resorts
Aman Resorts is the trading entity of Aman Group Sarl, a Swiss-headquartered multinational hospitality company. Founded by Indonesian hotelier Adrian Zecha in 1988, the company operates 35 properties in 20 countries. Vladislav Doronin is the chief executive officer, chairman, and owner.
Anambra River
The Anambra River (Igbo: Ọmambala Listenⓘ) flows 210 kilometres (130 mi) into the Niger River and is found in Anambra, Nigeria. The river is the most important feeder of the River Niger below Lokoja. The flow of the Ọmambala River is released into the Atlantic through various outlets forming the 25,000-square-kilometre (9,700 sq mi) Niger Delta region.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Virgil Wood
Virgil Alexander Wood (April 6, 1931 – December 28, 2024) was an American civil rights activist and Baptist minister. Ordained as a minister in his late teens, Wood served various churches in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Virginia for over 50 years. He served as pastor of the Diamond Hill Baptist Church in Lynchburg between 1958 and 1963, where he established the Lynchburg Improvement Association, a local chapter of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. As a close associate of Martin Luther King, Wood helped organize the state of Virginia for the 1963 March on Washington. He spent the next 10 years in Boston, where he was heavily involved in civil rights activism, particularly against school segregation. He later moved to Texas after retiring from pastoral duties in 2005, and continued to promote the cause of Civil Rights.

Lynchburg, Virginia
Lynchburg is an independent city in Virginia, United States. Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the James River, it had a population of 79,009 at the 2020 census, making it the 11th-most populous city in Virginia. It is nicknamed the "City of Seven Hills" or the "Hill City." Lynchburg was founded in 1757 by John Lynch, a Quaker ferry operator and abolitionist. During the American Civil War, Lynchburg's strategic importance helped it remain the only major city in Virginia not recaptured by Union forces before the war's end.

Lynchburg anchors the Lynchburg metropolitan area, which lies near the geographic center of Virginia and is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the state, with a population of 261,593. The city is a regional hub for education, home to several institutions of higher learning, including Liberty University, the University of Lynchburg, Randolph College, Virginia University of Lynchburg, and Central Virginia Community College.
Richard Carmarden
Richard Carmarden (died 1603) was an English merchant, member of the Merchant Taylors Company, and Surveyor of the Customs for London. He paid for the printing of the Bible in English in Rouen in 1566, and in 1570 wrote A Caveat for the Quene.

Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors
The Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors is one of the 113 livery companies of the City of London.

The Company, originally known as the Guild and Fraternity of St John the Baptist in the City of London, was founded prior to 1300, first incorporated under a royal charter in 1327, confirmed by later charters in 1408, 1503 and 1719.

Its seat is the Merchant Taylors' Hall between Threadneedle Street and Cornhill, a site it has occupied since at least 1347. The Company's motto is Concordia Parvae Res Crescunt, from the Roman historian Sallust meaning In Harmony Small Things Grow.
Barnes and Thornburg Building
The Barnes and Thornburg Building is a high rise in Indianapolis, Indiana originally known as the Merchants National Bank Building. In 1905, the Merchants National Bank and Trust Company engaged the architectural firm of D. H. Burnham & Company of Chicago to design a new bank headquarters on the southeastern corner of the Washington and Meridian streets, the most important intersection in Indianapolis. Initial occupancy of the lower floors took place in 1908, while the upper floors were not completed until 1912.

Merchants National Corporation
Merchants National Corporation (MNC) was an Indianapolis-based statewide bank holding company that was one of the largest Indiana-based financial institutions at the time it was acquired by Ohio-based National City Corporation in 1992. Its primary subsidiary was the Indianapolis-based Merchants National Bank and Trust Company, which had been founded in 1865.

From the mid-1950s through the late 1980s, Merchants National Bank and Trust, American Fletcher National Bank, and Indiana National Bank, were the three largest banks in Indianapolis. Their holding companies—Merchants National Corporation, American Fletcher Corporation, and Indiana National Corporation (later named INB Financial Corporation)—were the three largest bank holding companies in the state.
Antoine Rigaudeau
Antoine Roger Rigaudeau (born 17 December 1971) is a French former professional basketball player and professional basketball coach.  During his playing days, he played at the point guard, shooting guard, and small forward positions. Also during his playing career, his nickname was "Le Roi" ("The King").

During his pro club career, he won two EuroLeague championships, in 1998 and 2001. With the France national team, he won the silver medal at the 2000 Olympics. He was inducted into the French Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010. He became a FIBA Hall of Fame player in 2015.

2001 Euroleague Finals
The 2001 Euroleague Finals was the final playoffs for the title of the 2000–01 Euroleague.

After five games, Kinder Bologna achieved its second title against TAU Cerámica. Argentine Manu Ginóbili was named MVP of the Finals.
Digital Negative
Digital Negative (DNG) is an open source, lossless, well defined camera RAW data container with the goal to replace a range of proprietary, closed source raw image containers.  It has been developed by Adobe and was launched on September 27, 2004. The launch was accompanied by the first version of the DNG specification, plus various products, including a free-of-charge DNG converter utility. All Adobe photo manipulation software (such as Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Lightroom) released since the launch supports DNG.

DNG is based on the TIFF/EP standard format, and mandates significant use of metadata. The specification of the file format is open and not subject to any intellectual property restrictions or patents.

Adobe Lightroom
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom, often shortened to Lightroom, is an image organization and editing application developed by Adobe and licensed as part of the Creative Cloud suite. It is primarily geared towards photographers and provides tools to import, view, organize, tag, edit, and export large numbers of digital images. Lightroom is available on Windows, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, Android, and tvOS (Apple TV). The name Lightroom is a play on the darkrooms used for processing film.