hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Illumina Methylation Assay
The Illumina Methylation Assay using the Infinium I platform uses 'BeadChip' technology to generate a comprehensive genome-wide profiling of human DNA methylation. Similar to bisulfite sequencing and pyrosequencing, this method   quantifies methylation levels at various loci within the genome. This assay is used for methylation probes on the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip (henceforth, 27k [methylation] array). Probes on the 27k array target regions of the human genome to measure methylation levels at 27,578 CpG dinucleotides in 14,495 genes. In 2008, Illumina released the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array (“450 K array”), which   targets over 450,000 methylation sites.  In 2016, the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip ("EPIC") was released, which interrogates over 850,000 methylation sites across the human genome.

CpG site
The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction. CpG sites occur with high frequency in genomic regions called CpG islands. CpGs are the common unit of methylation because their information is double stranded (the GpC complement is also methylated). This allows methylation information to be preserved during cell division.

Cytosines in CpG dinucleotides can be methylated to form 5-methylcytosines. Enzymes that add a methyl group are called DNA methyltransferases. In mammals, 70% to 80% of CpG cytosines are methylated. Methylating the cytosine within a gene can change its expression, a mechanism that is part of a larger field of science studying gene regulation that is called epigenetics. Methylated cytosines often mutate to thymines.

In humans, about 70% of promoters located near the transcription start site of a gene (proximal promoters) contain a CpG island.
Crown Prince Rudolph's Last Love (1955 film)
Crown Prince Rudolph's Last Love (German: Kronprinz Rudolfs letzte Liebe/Mayerling) is a 1955 Austrian historical drama film directed by Rudolf Jugert and starring Rudolf Prack, Christiane Hörbiger and Winnie Markus. The film portrays the tragic 1889 Mayerling Incident, in which Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria and his lover Baroness Mary Vetsera committed suicide.

The film was shot in Agfacolor, with sets designed by Alexander Sawczynski and Werner Schlichting. It was made at the Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna.

Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria
Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (Rudolf Franz Karl Josef; 21 August 1858 – 30 January 1889) was the only son and third child of Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth of Austria. He was heir apparent to the imperial throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from birth. In 1889, he died in a suicide pact with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera at the Mayerling hunting lodge. The ensuing scandal made international headlines.
Rugby, Boston
Rugby was a 1894 residential development of 60 acres straddling the border between what was then the western section of the Dorchester district of Boston and the eastern part of the town of Hyde Park, Massachusetts. Described by the developer Wood, Harmon & Co. as a "new Dorchester suburb, commands fine views of Blue Hills", the area was purchased from the estate of Charles L. Flint and others. The area is now part of the Boston neighborhoods of Mattapan and Hyde Park.

Neighborhoods in Boston
Boston's diverse neighborhoods serve as a political and cultural organizing mechanism. The City of Boston's Office of Neighborhood Services has designated 23 Neighborhoods in the city:

The islands in Boston Harbor are administered as part of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area.

The Boston Redevelopment Authority, the City Parking Clerk, and the City's Department of Neighborhood Development have also designated their own neighborhoods. Unofficially, Boston has many overlapping neighborhoods of various sizes. Neighborhood associations have formed around smaller communities or commercial districts (often with "Square" in the name) that have a well-defined center but poorly identified extremities.
Baden thaler
The Thaler was a coin issued by Baden of varying equivalents to its currency, the South German gulden, each of 60 kreuzer. Beginning in 1690, the Reichsthaler specie coin of 25.984 g fine silver was issued for 2 gulden. After 1754, the Conventionsthaler of 23.3856 g fine silver was issued for 2.4 gulden (2 gulden, 24 kreuzer). Starting in the 19th, century the Kronenthaler of 25.71 g fine silver was issued for 2.7 gulden (2 gulden, 42 kreuzer); the French silver écu also started being accepted for 2.8 gulden (2 gulden, 48 kreuzer). After 1837, the doppelthaler, which was worth two Prussian thalers, was issued for 31⁄2 gulden. From 1857 to 1871, the Vereinsthaler was issued for 13⁄4 gulden.

Kronenthaler
The Kronenthaler was a silver coin first issued in 1755 in the Austrian Netherlands (see Austrian Netherlands Kronenthaler) and which became a popular trade coin in early 19th century Europe. Most examples show the bust of the Austrian ruler on the obverse and three or four crowns on the reverse, hence the name which means "crown thaler" (also Brabanter and crocione (Italian).
Julius Sarkodee-Addo
Justice Julius Sarkodee-Adoo JSC (8 September 1908 – January 1972) was the second Chief Justice of Ghana during the First Republic.

He studied law at King's College London, was admitted to Inner Temple in 1928, and was called to the Bar in 1932. He replaced the first native Ghanaian chief justice, Sir Kobina Arku Korsah in 1964. He was removed after the coup d'état of 24 February 1966 by the military National Liberation Council government which was formed after the overthrow of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah.

Sarkodee-Adoo died in January 1972 at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra.

Supreme Court of Ghana
The Supreme Court of Ghana is the highest judicial body in Ghana. Ghana's 1992 constitution guarantees the independence and separation of the Judiciary from the Legislative and the Executive arms of government.

The Supreme Court of Ghana has the final say on legal matters and can overturn lower court decisions. The Court consists of nine justices and hears cases on a wide range of issues, including criminal law, civil law, and administrative law.
Shi (poetry)
Shi and shih are romanizations of the character 詩/诗, the Chinese word for all poetry generally and across all languages.

In Western analysis of the styles of Chinese poetry, shi is also used as a term of art for a specific poetic tradition, modeled after the Old Chinese works collected in the Confucian Classic of Poetry. This anthology included both aristocratic poems (the "Hymns" and "Eulogies") and more rustic works believed to have derived from Huaxia folk songs (the "Odes"). They are composed in ancient Chinese, mostly in four-character lines. In such analysis, "shi" poetry is contrasted with other forms such as the Chu-derived "cí" and the Han-era "fu". This use is not common within Chinese literature, however, which instead classifies these poems into other categories such as classical Chinese poetry, Fields and Gardens poetry, and "curtailed" poetry.

Jueju
Jueju (traditional Chinese: 絕句; simplified Chinese: 绝句; pinyin: juéjù), or Chinese quatrain, is a type of jintishi ("modern form poetry") that grew popular among Chinese poets in the Tang dynasty (618–907), although traceable to earlier origins. Jueju poems are always quatrains; or, more specifically, a matched pair of couplets, with each line consisting of five or seven syllables.

The five-syllable form is called wujue (Chinese: 五絕; pinyin: Wǔjué) and the seven-syllable form qijue (七絕; Qījué).
1959 Davis Cup America Zone
The America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1959 Davis Cup.

7 teams entered the America Zone: 3 teams competed in the North & Central America Zone, while 4 teams competed in the South America Zone. The winner of each sub-zone would play against each other to determine who moved to the Inter-Zonal Zone to compete against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone.

Australia defeated Canada in the North & Central America Zone final, and Cuba received a walkover in the South America Zone final after Argentina withdrew. In the Americas Inter-Zonal Final, Australia defeated Cuba and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

1959 Davis Cup
The 1959 Davis Cup was the 48th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 27 teams entered the Europe Zone, 8 teams entered the Eastern Zone, and 7 teams entered the America Zone. The Europe Zone was modified so that only the previous year's semifinalists were guaranteed first round byes, allowing more countries to compete. Colombia made its first appearance in the tournament.

Australia defeated Cuba in the Americas Inter-Zonal final, India defeated the Philippines in the Eastern Zone final, and Italy defeated Spain in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Australia defeated Italy in the semifinal, and then defeated India in the final. In the Challenge Round Australia defeated the defending champions the United States. The final was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York, United States on 28–31 August.
School Spirits (2012 TV series)
School Spirits is an American paranormal documentary television series which aired on the Syfy channel. The series premiered on June 20, 2012, and aired through August 1, 2012. The series features alleged paranormal encounters told through reenactments that are based on occurrences at schools and universities in America.

Paranormal television
Paranormal television is a genre of reality television that purports to document factual investigations of the paranormal rather than fictional representations seen in traditional narrative films and TV. Over the years, the genre has grown to be a staple of television and even changed the programming focus of networks like the History Channel and the Travel Channel. By highlighting beliefs in topics ranging from Bigfoot to aliens, paranormal television continues to elevate popular interest in the paranormal.
Units of energy
Energy is defined via work, so the SI unit of energy is the same as the unit of work – the joule (J), named in honour of James Prescott Joule and his experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more fundamental terms, 1 joule is equal to 1 newton metre and, in terms of SI base units

An energy unit that is used in atomic physics, particle physics, and high energy physics is the electronvolt (eV). One eV is equivalent to 1.602176634×10−19 J.

In spectroscopy, the unit cm−1 ≈ 0.0001239842 eV is used to represent energy since energy is inversely proportional to wavelength from the equation .

In discussions of energy production and consumption, the units barrel of oil equivalent and ton of oil equivalent are often used.

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
Alfred de Laage de Meux
Alfred de Laage de Meux (24 September 1891 – 23 May 1917) was a French lieutenant. He was one of the founders and second-in-command of the Lafayette Escadrille, serving under commander Georges Thenault. First serving as a cavalryman and second lieutenant for a separate regiment in World War I, he then entered the Service Aéronautique, serving as a machine gunner and observer, before receiving his flying certificate. After meeting Georges Thenault, he accepted his request to join the Lafayette Escadrille in 1916. De Meux was killed on 23 May 1917 when his plane crashed due to engine failure.

Georges Thenault
Lieutenant Colonel Georges Thenault (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ təno]) (15 December 1887 – 19 December 1948) was the commander of the Lafayette Escadrille – the famed branch of the French air force in World War I composed of American volunteer pilots. The Lafayette Escadrille was created before the United States gave up its neutrality and joined France and Britain in the war against Germany. Once the United States formally entered the war, the Lafayette Escadrille was absorbed into the U.S. Army.
Darwin Guyot
Darwin Guyot is a volcanic underwater mountain top, or guyot, in the Mid-Pacific Mountains between the Marshall Islands and Hawaii. Named after Charles Darwin, it rose above sea level more than 118 million years ago during the early Cretaceous period to become an atoll, developed rudist reefs, and then drowned, perhaps as a consequence of sea level rise. The flat top of Darwin Guyot now rests 1,266 metres (4,154 ft) below sea level.

Guyot
In marine geology, a guyot (/ˈɡiː.oʊ, ɡiːˈoʊ/), also called a tablemount, is an isolated underwater volcanic mountain (seamount) with a flat top more than 200 m (660 ft) below the surface of the sea. The diameters of these flat summits can exceed 10 km (6 mi). Guyots are most commonly found in the Pacific Ocean, but they have been identified in all the oceans except the Arctic Ocean. They are analogous to tables (such as mesas) on land.
Henry Tang
Henry Tang Ying-yen GBM GBS JP (Chinese: 唐英年; born 6 September 1952) is a Hong Kong politician who served as the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong between 2007 and 2011. He held the position of Financial Secretary from 2003 to 2007. In 2012, he lost the Hong Kong Chief Executive Election to Leung Chun-ying.

Grand Bauhinia Medal
The Grand Bauhinia Medal (Chinese: 大紫荊勳章) is the highest award under the Hong Kong honours and awards system;  it is to recognise the selected person's lifelong and highly significant contribution to the well-being of Hong Kong. The awardee is entitled to the postnominal letters GBM and the style The Honourable.  The award was created in 1997 to replace the British honours system, following the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The list was empty from 2003 to 2004. Bauhinia, Bauhinia blakeana, is the floral emblem of Hong Kong.
1924 Malaya Cup
Malaya Cup was a tournament held annually by a Malaya Cup committee.

This is the fourth season of Malaya Cup (later known as Malaysia Cup). It were contested by states in Malaya. The final were contested by the southern and northern champions in their respective conference round. Six states sent their teams. The final were held at Selangor Club Field on 23 August 1924 where Singapore avenged their defeat against Selangor in a rematch of 1922 final's with a sole goal by Rogers.

1922 Malaya Cup
Malaya Cup was a tournament held annually by a Malaya Cup committee. This is the second season of Malaya Cup (later known as Malaysia Cup). It were contested by states in Malaya. The final were contested by the southern and northern champions in their respective conference round. Seven states sent their teams, an addition of one from previous tournament. The final were held at Selangor Club Field on 2 September 1922 where Selangor avenged their defeat against Singapore in a rematch of last year final with scoreline 3–2.
Shawnee Mission Parkway
Shawnee Mission Parkway is a stretch of roadway in Johnson County, Kansas and Jackson County, Missouri (only a fragment). Its western terminus at K-7 in Shawnee, Kansas and its eastern terminus at Ward Parkway in Kansas City, Missouri. The roadway is signed as US 56 from Interstate 35 to its eastern terminus, with US-69 overlapping from I-35 to Metcalf Avenue, and US-169 overlapping from I-35 to Rainbow Boulevard.

The Shawnee Mission Parkway mainly functions to connect the main cities included in the Shawnee Mission, KS mailing address. All of the cities it passes through in Kansas are included in the mailing address.

Interstate 35 in Kansas
Interstate 35 (I-35) is an Interstate Highway in the US that runs from the Mexican border near Laredo, Texas, to Duluth, Minnesota. In Kansas, the highway goes from the Oklahoma border to Kansas City at the Missouri border, with a length of 235 miles (378 km). Along the way, I-35 passes through Wichita, the state's largest city, linking it to Emporia, Ottawa, and Kansas City and its Johnson County suburbs. The section of the route from the Oklahoma border to I-335 is part of the Kansas Turnpike.
Fremersberg
The Fremersberg is a hill, 524.6 m above sea level (NHN), on the western edge of the northern Black Forest in south Germany on the territory of the town of Baden-Baden and the municipality of Sinzheim. On the summit plateau, which is made of bunter sandstone there is the residential area of Fremersberg Turm with rented inn, which was built by the town of Baden-Baden in 1884, and the 85-metre-high Fremersberg Tower, built in 1961, a transmission tower with an observation platform.

Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden (German pronunciation: [ˈbaːdn̩ ˈbaːdn̩] ⓘ) is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with France, and forty kilometres (twenty-five miles) north-east of Strasbourg, France.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous spas and architecture that exemplifies the popularity of spa towns in Europe in the 18th through 20th centuries.
Chris Wragge
Christian P. Wragge (/ˈræɡi/ RAG-ee; born June 19, 1970) is an American news anchor.  He is the co-anchor for New York's CBS2's News This Morning and CBS2's News at Noon, alongside Mary Calvi. He was previously on WCBS's 5 p.m. and 11 p.m. broadcasts, until he moved to CBS's The Early Show (nationwide), where he served as morning co-anchor from January 2011 until January 6, 2012, when the broadcast was replaced.

Mary Calvi
Mary Calvi is an American television journalist and author of If a Poem Could Live and Breathe: A Novel of Teddy Roosevelt's First Love, publishing Valentine's Day 2023, which is based on love letters from Gilded Age to and from Roosevelt and his first love, many of which have never been published. Her first book was named Dear George, Dear Mary: A Novel of George Washington's First Love. Her research is profiled in the Smithsonian Channel documentary, "George Washington's Secret Love."

She is the co-anchor of the daily morning and noon news broadcasts at WCBS-TV in New York City, and has been the weekend anchor and weekday fill-in anchor for the syndicated newsmagazine Inside Edition since July 2020. Over the course of her career, Calvi has won thirteen New York Emmy Awards.
Square-tailed nightjar
The square-tailed nightjar (Caprimulgus fossii) is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae which is native to tropical and subtropical woodlands of the Afrotropics. It has an extensive range south of the African equator. Despite not having a completely "square tail", its naming highlights a distinguishing field mark. The similarly plumaged slender-tailed nightjar, found in dry bush country of the tropics, differs namely by its protruding central tail feathers. It is alternatively known as the Gabon nightjar or Gaboon nightjar or the Mozambique nightjar.

Slender-tailed nightjar
The slender-tailed nightjar (Caprimulgus clarus) is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in parts of eastern and central Africa, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Canon EOS R8
The Canon EOS R8 is a mid-ranged full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera launched by Canon in April 2023. It inherits many key features of the Canon EOS R6 Mark II and uses a very similar chassis to the Canon EOS RP.

The Canon EOS R8 was announced on February 8, 2023 and launched on April 18, 2023, together with the Canon EOS R50, with a suggested retail price of US$1,499 (body only).

Canon EOS RP
The Canon EOS RP is a 26.2-megapixel full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera launched by Canon in March 2019. The camera is reported to be the least expensive digital full-frame camera to be produced. In addition to the standard black model, 5000 units of a limited edition gold model were sold in Japan to commemorate the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.
Rayners Lane
Rayners Lane is a suburban district in the London Borough of Harrow that forms the western part of Harrow in northwest London. Located between Pinner and West Harrow, it takes its name from a road in the area, also called Rayners Lane (formerly also spelt Rayner's Lane) which runs from Marsh Road in Pinner to Eastcote Lane in South Harrow.

South Harrow
South Harrow is the southern part of the town of Harrow, south-west of Harrow-on-the-Hill in the London Borough of Harrow. Its development originally spread south and west from the hamlet of Roxeth in the urbanisation process and easier access from Central London by rail. Six roads now converge at Roxeth hamlet centre at the bottom of Roxeth Hill. Its areas include, in the west, the area of Shaftesbury Circus/Avenue and in the south a shopping area, South Harrow tube station and the high street, Northolt Road.
2025 Malaysia Futsal Cup
The 2025 Malaysia Futsal Cup was the fourth season of the Malaysia Futsal Cup. 8 teams participate in this competition, 6 from the 2025 MPFL Division 1 and 2 from the 2025 MPFL Division 2.

Johor Darul Ta'zim were the defending champions, having beaten Selangor  3–2 in the previous season's final.

2025 MPFL Division 1
The 2025 season was the 6th season of the Malaysia Premier Futsal League (MPFL) and the 16th season of the Malaysian futsal league overall. The MPFL Division 1 is contested by 8 teams. The season began on 8 March, and concluded on 12 July. Johor Darul Ta'zim were the defending champions.
Madhurima Patni
Madhurima Patni Bhowmick, also known as Gitto, was one of the first student-faculty members, along with Aditi Ranjan and others, in the department of Textile Design at National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad. She guided several students during her tenure as a faculty member, and is responsible for several craft and textile related projects and publications. She is a practicing designer, based in Jaipur.

Aditi Ranjan
Aditi Ranjan (née Shirali; born 25 February 1952) is an Indian textile designer, educator and researcher involved in the field of Indian crafts. She taught textile design at the National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad from 1974 to 2012. Ranjan is known for her book Handmade in India: A Geographic Encyclopedia of Indian Handicrafts based on Indian arts & crafts that she edited along with her partner and fellow design pedagogue, M. P. Ranjan.
Source criticism
Source criticism (or information evaluation) is the process of evaluating an information source, i.e.: a document, a person, a speech, a fingerprint, a photo, an observation, or anything used in order to obtain knowledge. In relation to a given purpose, a given information source may be more or less valid,  reliable or relevant. Broadly, "source criticism" is the interdisciplinary study of how information sources are evaluated for given tasks.

Source text
A source text is a text (sometimes oral) from which information or ideas are derived. In translation, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language.

More generally, source material or symbolic sources are objects meant to communicate information, either publicly or privately, to some person, known or unknown. Typical symbolic sources include written documents such as letters, notes, receipts, ledgers, manuscripts, reports, or public signage, or graphic art, etc. Symbolic sources exclude, for example, bits of broken pottery or scraps of food excavated from a midden—and this regardless of how much information can be extracted from an ancient trash heap, or how little can be extracted from a written document.