hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caritas Andorra
Caritas Andorra (Catalan: Càritas Andorrana) is a not-for-profit social welfare organisation in Andorra. It is a service of the Catholic Church in Andorra and a member of both Caritas Internationalis and Caritas Europa.

Caritas Internationalis
Caritas Internationalis (Latin pronunciation: [kaː.ri.t̪as in̪.t̪er.nat̪.t̪͡s̪iˈɔː.na.lis]; lit. 'Charity International') is a confederation of 162 national Catholic relief, development, and social service organisations operating in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. The name Caritas Internationalis refers to both the global network of Caritas organisations and to its general secretariat based in Vatican City.

Collectively and individually, their missions are "to serve the poor and to promote charity and justice throughout the world". Caritas Internationalis is the second-largest international humanitarian aid network in the world after the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
Charles George Nurse
Charles George Nurse FES (22 March 1862 in Barnham, Suffolk – 5 November 1933 in Tunbridge Wells, Kent) was an English military officer, naturalist, ornithologist and entomologist. He was one of many British military officers who made significant contributions to knowledge of the natural history of India. Among his discoveries were a snake, a butterfly, an ant, and a neuropteran. About 50 species of moths that he collected were described by entomologists G. Hampson and Lord Walsingham. Entomologists P. Cameron and Col. C. T. Bingham described 200 species of Hymenoptera from his collections. Nurse also discovered the species of mosquito, Anopheles nursei, later shown to carry the malarial parasite that affected the army campaigns in Mesopotamia.

Royal Entomological Society
The Royal Entomological Society is a learned society devoted to the study of insects. It aims to disseminate information about insects and to improve communication between entomologists.

The society was founded in 1833 as the Entomological Society of London. It had many antecedents beginning as the Society of Entomologists of London.
Macaronic language
Macaronic language is any expression using a mixture of languages, particularly bilingual puns or situations in which the languages are otherwise used in the same context (rather than simply discrete segments of a text being in different languages). Hybrid words are effectively "internally macaronic". In spoken language, code-switching is using more than one language or dialect within the same conversation.

Macaronic Latin in particular is a jumbled jargon made up of vernacular words given Latin endings or of Latin words mixed with the vernacular in a pastiche (compare dog Latin).

The word macaronic comes from the Neo-Latin macaronicus, which is from the Italian maccarone, or "dumpling", regarded as coarse peasant fare. It is generally derogatory and used when the mixing of languages has a humorous or satirical intent or effect but is sometimes applied to more serious mixed-language literature.

Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of a language or dialect, particularly when perceived as having lower social status or less prestige than standard language, which is more codified, institutionally promoted, literary, or formal. More narrowly, any particular variety of a natural language that does not hold a widespread high-status perception, and sometimes even carries social stigma, is also called a vernacular, vernacular dialect, nonstandard dialect, etc. and is typically its speakers' native variety. Regardless of any such stigma, all nonstandard dialects are full-fledged varieties of language with their own consistent grammatical structure, sound system, body of vocabulary, etc.
Mark Rudimch
Mark Ucherbelau Rudimch is a Palauan businessman and politician and current member of the Senate of Palau.

He is an entrepreneur and businessman. He has been a senator since January 2009, elected to the Senate of Palau in the 2008 elections, and has been re-elected since.
He has been Vice President of the Senate. He was also elected to the second Palauan constitutional convention.

He is a son of Isidoro Rudimch.

Senate of Palau
The Senate of Palau is the upper house of the Palau National Congress (Olbiil era Kelulau). The Senate members are elected to serve four-year terms in multi-seat constituencies. Since January 2025, the Senate has 15 members. No political parties exist. The most recent election was held in November 2024.
Husimi Q representation
The Husimi Q representation, introduced by Kôdi Husimi in 1940, is a quasiprobability distribution commonly used in quantum mechanics to represent the phase space distribution of a quantum state such as light in the phase space formulation. It is used in the field of quantum optics and particularly for tomographic purposes.

Quantum optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light). It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons and their interaction with, for instance, atoms and molecules. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.
Eddie Lawson
Eddie Ray Lawson (born March 11, 1958) is an American former professional motorcycle racer. He competed in the Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championships from 1981 to 1992.

A four-time FIM 500cc road racing world champion, Lawson is prominent for being the first MotoGP competitor to win back-to-back 500cc world championships on machines from two different manufacturers. His record of not crashing and consistently finishing in the points earned him the nickname "Steady Eddie".

Lawson was inducted into the MotoGP Legends Hall of Fame in 2005. After his motorcycle career, Lawson pursued a brief career in open-wheel single seater racing in the United States competing in the Indy Lights series and eventually to the CART racing series.

MotoGP Legends
The MotoGP Hall of Fame is the hall of fame of Grand Prix motorcycle racing. Its members are called MotoGP Legends.

Since its inception in 2000, 38 racers have been inducted by FIM, including both the most successful world champions such as Giacomo Agostini, Ángel Nieto, Mike Hailwood and Carlo Ubbiali, as well as champions who had died young such as Jarno Saarinen and Daijiro Kato. The latest inductee is Hans-Georg Anscheidt.
Kaset Sombun district
Kaset Sombun (Thai: เกษตรสมบูรณ์, pronounced [kā.sèːt sǒm.būːn]; Northeastern Thai: เกษตรสมบูรณ์, pronounced [kā.sèːt sǒm.bùːn]) is a district (amphoe) in the northern part of Chaiyaphum province, northeastern Thailand.

Chaiyaphum province
Chaiyaphum (Thai: ชัยภูมิ, pronounced [tɕʰāj.jā.pʰūːm]; Northeastern Thai: ไซยภูมิ, pronounced [sa᷇j.jā.pʰu᷇ːm]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat), located in central northeastern Thailand, also called Isan. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Khon Kaen, Nakhon Ratchasima, Lopburi, and Phetchabun.
Dawson Odums
Dawson Tayrone Odums  is an American football coach. He is the head coach at Bowie State University, a position he has held since 2026. He also served as the head coach at Norfolk State University, a position he held from 2021 to 2024. Odums also served as the interim head football coach at Clark Atlanta University for one season, in 2004, and head football coach at Southern University and A&M College from 2013 to 2020.

Southern University
Southern University and A&M College (Southern University, Southern, SUBR or SU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States. It is the largest historically black college or university (HBCU) in Louisiana, a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, and the flagship institution of the Southern University System. Its campus encompasses 512 acres (207 hectares), with an agricultural experimental station on an additional 372-acre (151-hectare) site, five miles (8.0 km) north of the main campus on Scott's Bluff overlooking the Mississippi River in the northern section of Baton Rouge.

Southern University's 13 intercollegiate athletics teams are known as the Jaguars, and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) in NCAA Division I. The Human Jukebox is a well known collegiate marching band that has represented Southern University since 1947.
Arlene Blencowe
Arlene Blencowe (born 11 April 1983) is an Australian retired  mixed martial artist and boxer who competed in the Women's Featherweight division. She most notably fought in Bellator MMA, where she was the first Australian female fighter in the promotion's history.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
PQS (software)
PQS is a general purpose quantum chemistry program. Its roots go back to the first ab initio gradient program developed in Professor Peter Pulay's group but now it is developed and distributed commercially by Parallel Quantum Solutions. There is a reduction in cost for academic users and a site license. Its strong points are geometry optimization, NMR chemical shift calculations, and large MP2 calculations, and high parallel efficiency on computing clusters. It includes many other capabilities including Density functional theory, the semiempirical methods, MINDO/3, MNDO, AM1 and PM3, Molecular mechanics using the SYBYL 5.0 Force Field,  the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics mixed method using the ONIOM method, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and COSMO solvation models. Recently, a highly efficient parallel CCSD(T) code for closed shell systems has been developed. This code includes many other post Hartree–Fock methods: MP2, MP3, MP4, CISD, CEPA, QCISD and so on.

Computational chemistry
Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulations to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry incorporated into computer programs to calculate the structures and properties of molecules, groups of molecules, and solids.  The importance of this subject stems from the fact that, with the exception of some relatively recent findings related to the hydrogen molecular ion (dihydrogen cation), achieving an accurate quantum mechanical depiction of chemical systems analytically, or in a closed form, is not feasible. The complexity inherent in the many-body problem exacerbates the challenge of providing detailed descriptions of quantum mechanical systems. While computational results normally complement information obtained by chemical experiments, it can occasionally predict unobserved chemical phenomena.
Sheikh Mansur Battalion
The Sheikh Mansur Chechen Peacekeeping Battalion (Ukrainian: Чеченський миротворчий батальйон імені шейха Мансура, romanized: Chechenskyi myrotvorchyi batalion imeni sheikha Mansura) or simply the Sheikh Mansur Battalion is one of several Chechen volunteer armed formations participating in the Russian-Ukrainian war on the side of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The battalion is named in honour of Sheikh Mansur, a Chechen military commander and an Islamic leader who fought against the expansion of the Russian Empire into the Caucasus during the late 18th century.

The battalion has been active since 2014 and is made up of mostly Chechen volunteers, many of whom are veterans of the First Chechen War and Second Chechen War.

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
George Kenneally
George Vincent "Gigi" Kenneally Sr (April 12, 1902 – September 3, 1968) was an American football end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pottsville Maroons, the Boston Bulldogs, the Chicago Cardinals, the Boston Braves, and the Philadelphia Eagles. He attended St. Bonaventure University.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Daham Miro
Daham Miro (Kurdish: Deham Mîro; Arabic: دهام ميرو) (January 1921-November 2010) was a Syrian Kurdish political leader and former chairman of the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria (KDPS). Daham Miro was born in Sêgirka Mîro ("Miro’s three hills") in Syria.

Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria
The Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria (Kurdish: پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان سووری, romanized: Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê li Sûriyê; Arabic: الحزب الديمقراطي الكُردستاني في سوريا Hizb Al-Dimuqrati Al-Kurdistani fi Suriya), or Kurdish Democratic Party in Syria, commonly known as KDPS, PDK-S or Elpartî, refers to a Kurdish Syrian political party founded in 1957 by Kurdish nationalists in northern Syria. Today, multiple parties claim direct continuity from the original.
Fjelberg Municipality
Fjelberg is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 79.5-square-kilometre (30.7 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1965. The area is now part of Kvinnherad Municipality in the traditional district of Sunnhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the small village located on the island of Fjelbergøya where Fjelberg Church is located. Other villages in the municipality included Sæbøvik, Høylandsbygda, and Eidsvik.

Prior to its dissolution in 1965, the 79.5-square-kilometre (30.7 sq mi) municipality was the 440th largest by area out of the 525 municipalities in Norway. Fjelberg Municipality was the 370th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 2,250. The municipality's population density was 28.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Fjelberg Church
Fjelberg Church (Norwegian: Fjelberg kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the small island of Fjelbergøya. It is one of the two churches for the Fjelberg og Eid parish which is part of the Sunnhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1722 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 160 people.
Progressive Corporation
The Progressive Corporation is an American insurance company. Progressive is currently the #2 auto insurer in the United States behind State Farm. The company was co-founded in 1937 by Jack Green and Joseph M. Lewis, and is headquartered in Mayfield, Ohio. The company insures passenger vehicles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles (RVs), trailers, boats, personal water craft (PWC), and commercial vehicles. Progressive also provides home, life, pet, and other types of insurance through select companies.

The company ranked #62 on the 2024 Fortune 500 list of the top American corporations.

State Farm
State Farm Insurance is a group of mutual insurance companies throughout the United States with corporate headquarters in Bloomington, Illinois. Founded in 1922, it is the largest property, casualty and auto insurance provider in the United States.
Urnula craterium
Urnula craterium is a species of cup fungus in the family Sarcosomataceae. Appearing in early spring, its distinctive goblet-shaped and dark-colored fruit bodies have earned it the common names crater cup, devil's urn and the gray urn. The asexual (imperfect), or conidial stage of U. craterium is a plant pathogen known as Conoplea globosa, which causes a canker disease of oak and several other hardwood tree species.

Urnula craterium is parasitic on oak and various other hardwoods; it is also saprobic, as the fruit bodies develop on fallen dead wood. The species is distributed in eastern North America, Europe, and Asia. It produces bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of other fungi.

Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).
Fibril
Fibrils (from Latin  fibra) are structural biological materials found in nearly all living organisms. Not to be confused with fibers or filaments, fibrils tend to have diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nanometers (whereas fibers are micro to milli-scale structures and filaments have diameters approximately 10–50 nanometers in size). Fibrils are not usually found alone but rather are parts of greater hierarchical structures commonly found in biological systems. Due to the prevalence of fibrils in biological systems, their study is of great importance in the fields of microbiology, biomechanics, and materials science.

Protein filament
In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella.  Protein filaments form together to make the cytoskeleton of the cell. They are often bundled together to provide support, strength, and rigidity to the cell. When the filaments are packed up together, they are able to form three different cellular parts. The three major classes of protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton include: actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.
Žiga Pešut
Žiga Pešut (born October 5, 1992) is a Slovenian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for the Les Aigles de Nice of the French Ligue Magnus and Slovenia national team.

Pešut started playing hockey for his hometown team HDK Maribor. At age 16 he moved to Sweden to play for Grums IK of the Division 2. From 2010 to 2013 Pešut spent three seasons playing in the Czech Republic before signing a deal with Erste Bank Hockey League (EBEL) team HDD Olimpija. After four seasons he joined German club EHC Bayreuth of the DEL2. From 2018 to 2021 he played for Olimpija Ljubljana. At the beginning of 2022, he signed for Herlev Eagles in the top Danish division and at the beginning of 2023, he signed for the French team Les Aigles de Nice.

Slovenia men's national ice hockey team
The Slovenia men's national ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Slovenia internationally. It is governed by the Ice Hockey Federation of Slovenia. As of May 2025, Slovenia is ranked 15th in the world by the IIHF World Ranking. The team's biggest success is reaching the quarter-finals at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Their best record at the Ice Hockey World Championships is 13th place, achieved in 2002, 2005 and 2025.

Seven players from Slovenia have been drafted into the National Hockey League (NHL) since 1998; Anže Kopitar and Jan Muršak have played in the league.
Richard Lee (surgeon)
Richard Lee is a cardiac surgeon in St. Louis, Missouri, who helped pioneer a staged Hybrid Maze, a procedure for atrial fibrillation or AFIB. combining surgery and catheter based approaches.

He was the vice chair of surgery at Saint Louis University and co-director of the Center for Comprehensive Cardiovascular Care at Saint Louis University Hospital.

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
1873 Iowa Senate election
In the 1873 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the fifteenth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 23 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.

The general election took place on October 14, 1873.

Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 42 seats to Democrats' eight seats.

To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 18 Senate seats.

Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1873 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 36 seats, Democrats having 10 seats, and four Anti-Monopoly members (a net gain of 2 seats for Democrats and 4 seats for the Anti-Monopoly Party).

Iowa Senate
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly. There are 50 seats in the Iowa Senate, representing 50 single-member districts across the state of Iowa with populations of approximately 63,807 per constituency, as of the 2020 United States census. Each Senate district is composed of two House districts. The Senate meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the lower house, the Iowa House of Representatives, senators serve four-year terms, with no term limits. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.
Shirine Khoury-Haq
Shirine Khoury-Haq (born 1971) is a British and Australian businesswoman, and CEO of The Co-operative Group since August 2022. She is the first female chief executive of the business since the Co-op was founded in 1863. Prior to joining the Co-op in 2019, she was COO of Lloyd's of London.

The Co-operative Group
The Co-operative Group Limited, trading as Co-op and formerly known as the Co-operative Wholesale Society, is a British consumer co-operative with a group of retail businesses, including grocery retail and wholesale, legal services, funerals and insurance, and social enterprise.

The group has its headquarters located at One Angel Square in Manchester, England. The Group also manages the Co-operative Federal Trading Services, formerly the Co-operative Retail Trading Group (CRTG).