hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qasr El Nil Bridge
The Qasr el Nil Bridge (originally named Khedive Ismail Bridge, Egyptian Arabic: Asr el Nil Bridge), is a historic swing bridge structure dating from 1931 which replaced the first bridge to span the Nile River in central Cairo, Egypt. It connects Tahrir Square in Downtown Cairo on the east bank of the river, to the southern end of Gezira/Zamalek Island.  At the bridge's east and west approaches are four large bronze lion statues; they are late 19th-century works by Henri Alfred Jacquemart, French sculptor and animalier.

Downtown Cairo
Downtown Cairo (Egyptian Arabic: وسط البلد Wust al-Balad, "middle of town") is the colloquial name given to the 19th-century western expansion of Egypt's capital Cairo, between the historic medieval Cairo, and the Nile, which became the commercial center of the city during the 20th century. Given its rich architectural heritage from the era of Khedive Ismail, it has been officially named Khedival Cairo and declared by the government as a protected Area of Value, with many of its buildings also deemed protected.

Administratively Wust al-Balad covers areas of qism Qasr al-Nil, and the Abdeen and Azbakeya districts. The protected Khedival Cairo covers a larger area extending south to Sayeda Zeinab.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118 was adopted unanimously on 27 September 2013, in regard to the Framework for Elimination of Syrian Chemical Weapons during the Syrian civil war. It recalled United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1540, 2042 and 2043 and occurred on the sidelines of the General debate of the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly. Under the Resolution, Syria had until mid-2014 to destroy its chemical weapons arsenal; and the Resolution also outlines plans for a transition. Despite a few hiccups, the OPCW reported that the destruction was largely on schedule.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2043
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2043 was unanimously adopted on 21 April 2012.

The resolution resulted in the setting up of the United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria to observe the implementation of the Kofi Annan peace plan for Syria on the Syrian Civil War. The United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria was frozen in early June 2012, following an increasingly unstable and violent situation in Syria.
José María Gabriel y Galán
José María Gabriel y Galán (28 June 1870, in Frades de la Sierra (Salamanca) - 6 January 1905, in Guijo de Granadilla, Cáceres, España) was a Spanish poet in Castilian and Extremaduran.

He was a teacher in Guijuelo (Salamanca) & Piedrahíta (Ávila). His poetry is quite conservative both in its thematic and its structure: he defended tradition, family, race, catholic dogma or simple rural life.

Province of Cáceres
The province of Cáceres (Spanish: provincia de Cáceres; Portuguese: província de Cáceres; Extremaduran: provincia de Caçris; Fala: provincia de Cáciris) is a province of western Spain, and makes up the northern half of the autonomous community of Extremadura. Its capital is the city of Cáceres. Other cities in the province include Plasencia, Coria, Navalmoral de la Mata, and Trujillo, the birthplace of Francisco Pizarro González. As of 2024, the province had 388,652 inhabitants, of whom a quarter lived in the capital. The Tagus river runs through the province.
Income Tax Intelligence and Investigation Unit
Income Tax Intelligence and Investigation Unit (ITIIU) is a specialized agency under the National Board of Revenue (NBR) of the Government of Bangladesh. According to the order for administrative reform, restructuring, and expansion of the Income Tax Division under the National Board of Revenue, which is part of the Internal Resources Division of the Ministry of Finance, it was established on 19 November 2023. This is a specialized unit operating under the National Board of Revenue. Its purpose is to conduct intelligence activities to detect and prevent income tax evasion. The formation of the Income Tax Intelligence and Investigation Unit has helped increase transparency and accountability in tax administration, improve efficiency in tax collection, and build trust in the country’s revenue system.

Ministry of Finance (Bangladesh)
The  Ministry of Finance of Bangladesh (Bengali: অর্থ মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Artha Montronaloy) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for financial management, economic policy, and fiscal administration. It serves as the principal government body overseeing the country’s budget, taxation, public expenditure, and financial regulations.

Critics have raised concerns about executive overreach by secretaries in the banking and revenue sectors, alleging their involvement in financial mismanagement. These issues reportedly include large-scale bank loan fraud, money laundering schemes, and the politicization of financial institutions. Such systemic problems have allegedly contributed to substantial capital flight, with reports estimating that up to $240 billion has been illicitly transferred abroad over the past 15 years.
M. Grazia Speranza
Maria Grazia Speranza (born 30 March 1957) is an Italian applied mathematician and operations researcher. Her research involves the application of mathematical optimization to problems including portfolio optimization and the combination of inventory management with vehicle routing.

She is a professor of operations research in the faculty of economics and business of the University of Brescia, a former vice chancellor and dean at the university, the former president of the Association of European Operational Research Societies and the INFORMS Transportation Science and Logistics Society, and the president of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies.

In 2024, she was awarded the EURO Gold Medal, the highest distinction within Operations Research in Europe.

University of Brescia
The University of Brescia (Italian: Università degli Studi di Brescia) is an Italian public research university located in Brescia, Italy. It was founded in 1982 and is branched in 4 Faculties.

The University of Brescia was officially established in 1982 with three Schools: Medicine and Surgery, Engineering, Economics and Business. However, the creation phase lasted nearly two decades, so the first attempts to open university courses in Brescia go back to the 1960s.
Keilir
Keilir (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈcʰeiːlɪr̥]; 378 m asl) is a Pleistocene subglacial mound or perhaps a conical tuya on Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland. Basal area is 0.773 km2, summit area 0.004 km2, basal width 0.99 km, summit width 0.07 km, volume  0.0362 km3.

It is located within the area of Krýsuvík volcanic system and Reykjanesfólkvangur. It is  about 17 miles southwest of the capital city Reykjavík,

In March 2021 the mountain began to emit earthquakes followed by a fissure lava eruption further southwest at Fagradalsfjall.

Fissure vent
A fissure vent, also known as a volcanic fissure, eruption fissure or simply a fissure, is a linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is often a few metres wide and may be many kilometres long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts which run first in lava channels and later in lava tubes. After some time, the eruption tends to become focused at one or more spatter cones. Volcanic cones and their craters that are aligned along a fissure form a crater row. Small fissure vents may not be easily discernible from the air, but the crater rows (see Laki) or the canyons (see Eldgjá) built up by some of them are.

The dikes that feed fissures reach the surface from depths of a few kilometers and connect them to deeper magma reservoirs, often under volcanic centers. Fissures are usually found in or along rifts and rift zones, such as Iceland and the East African Rift. Fissure vents are often part of the structure of shield volcanoes.
Ehrhardt (typeface)
Ehrhardt is an old-style serif typeface released by the British branch of the Monotype Corporation in 1938. Ehrhardt is a modern adaptation of printing types of "stout Dutch character" from the Dutch Baroque tradition sold by the Ehrhardt foundry in Leipzig. These were cut by the Hungarian-Transylvanian pastor and punchcutter Miklós (Nicholas) Tótfalusi Kis while in Amsterdam in the period from 1680 to 1689.

From 1937 to 1938, Monotype re-cut the type for modern-day usage, and it has become a popular book typeface. Ehrhardt has a slightly condensed design, giving it a strongly vertical, crisp appearance.

Miklós Tótfalusi Kis
Miklós Tótfalusi Kis (Hungarian: Misztótfalusi Kis Miklós), known in English-speaking countries as Nicholas Kis (1650 to March 20, 1702) was a Hungarian letter cutter, typeface designer, typographer and printer. Kis was one of the first printers and letter cutters of the Georgian type letters. He made fonts on the request of the Georgian king Archil of Imereti.
John F. Shafroth Jr.
John Franklin Shafroth Jr. (March 31, 1887 – September 1, 1967) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of Vice Admiral. He distinguished himself as Commander of destroyer USS Terry during World War I and received the Navy Cross, the United States Navy second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat.

Shafroth Jr. rose to the flag rank during World War II and commanded Southeast Pacific Area or Battleship Squadron 2 during Battle of Okinawa. He led the first naval bombardment of mainland Japan during the World War II, on July 14, 1945.

Following the War, Shafroth remained in the Navy and commanded Seventh Naval district, Panama Sea Frontier and General Board of the Navy. He served as President, Naval Historical Foundation from 1961 to 1967. He was the son of Senator and former Governor of Colorado, John F. Shafroth. Shafroth Jr. was nicknamed "Big Jack" due to his weight of 280 pounds.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Kowary
Kowary [kɔˈvarɨ] (German: Schmiedeberg im Riesengebirge) is a town in Karkonosze County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, with a population of around 11,000. The town is famed for its sanatoriums and a miniature park displaying architectural monuments of the Lower Silesian region.

Sanatorium
A sanatorium (from Latin sānāre 'to heal'), also sanitarium or sanitorium, is a historic name for a specialised hospital for the treatment of specific diseases, related ailments, and convalescence.

Sanatoria were often in a healthy climate, usually in the countryside. The idea of healing was an important reason for the historical wave of establishments of sanatoria, especially at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The most common issue treated at sanatoria was tuberculosis (before the discovery of antibiotics). Some sanatoria also treated alcoholism as well as hysteria, masturbation, fatigue and emotional exhaustion. Facility operators were often charitable associations, such as the Order of St. John and the newly founded social welfare insurance companies.

Sanatoria should not be confused with the Russian sanatoria from the time of the Soviet Union, which were a type of sanatorium resort residence for workers.
Gani Toptani
Gani bej Toptani (c.1859 – 21 December 1898) was an Ottoman Albanian officer and adjutant of Sultan Abdülhamid II. After a short military career in Ioannina, he was exiled to Harpoot, but was soon called to Constantinople to serve under Sultan Abdülhamid II as his personal bodyguard. He was the elder brother of Essad Pasha Toptani, who would later ascend as a political and military figure, both in the Ottoman Empire and later in independent Albania. Gani Toptani was killed in 1898 in the Pera district of Constantinople after a conflict that would cause political tension. Three years later, his brother Essad would also carry out an assassination attempt as revenge against Cavid Bey, a member of the Imperial Council and also the son of Grand vizier Halil Rifat Pasha, who is thought to have ordered Gani's assassination.

Essad Toptani
Essad Pasha Toptani (1863/1875 – 13 June 1920) was an Albanian politician who served as the third prime minister of Albania from 1914 to 1916. He previously established the Republic of Central Albania based in Durrës. An Ottoman army officer, he served as the Albanian deputy in the Ottoman Parliament and later cooperated with the Balkan League after the Balkan Wars.
Alumni Hall (Fairfield University)
Alumni Hall was a 2,479-seat multi-purpose arena on the campus of Fairfield University, located in Fairfield, Connecticut. It was home to the Fairfield Stags men's and women's basketball teams from its construction in 1959 until 2002, when the teams began playing home games at the Arena at Harbor Yard in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Sports Illustrated reported that Alumni Hall was home to the most vocal and loyal basketball fans in the Northeast.

Alumni Hall was home to the Fairfield Stags women's volleyball team and the Fairfield Prep Jesuits basketball teams, but it hosted two Stags men's and women's basketball games during the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons.

Fairfield University
Fairfield University is a private Jesuit university in Fairfield, Connecticut. It was founded by the Jesuits in 1942. In the fall of 2024, the university had about 5,400 full-time undergraduate students and 1,500 graduate students, including full-time and part-time students. It offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its five schools and colleges.
Yakubu Dogara
Yakubu DogaraListenⓘ CFR (born 26 December 1967) is a Nigerian politician and lawyer who served as the 13th Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2015 to 2019.

Dogara is a member of the PDP. He served as the House of Representatives Member for Bogoro/Dass/Tafawa Balewa Federal constituency of Bauchi State from 2007 to 2023.

Order of the Federal Republic
The Member of the Order of the Federal Republic (MFR) is one of two orders of merit, established by the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1963. It is senior to the Order of the Niger.

The highest honours are the Grand Commander in the Order of the Federal Republic and Grand Commander in the Order of the Niger and they are awarded to the President and vice-president respectively. The Presiding Judge in the Supreme Court and the Chairman of the Senate are former officials Grand Commanders in the Order of the Niger.

The Nigerians have followed the British example in the form and structure of the Order. There are also post-nominal letters for the members of the Order of the Niger.

There is a Civil Division and a Military Division. The ribbon of the latter division has a small red line in the middle.
Walter Dullo
Walter Andreas Dullo (26 November 1902 – 22 August 1978) was a German musicologist and lawyer who migrated to Australia, where he became best known  as a chocolate maker.  He also continued his musical activities there, and was a co-founder of both Musica Viva Australia (with Richard Goldner) and FM radio station 2MBS.

2MBS Fine Music Sydney
2MBS Fine Music Sydney (ACMA callsign: 2MBS) is a Sydney music radio station operated by the Music Broadcasting Society of New South Wales Co-Operative Limited. Launched on 15 December 1974, it is Australia's first fully licensed FM radio station and it has since reached over 630,000 listeners.
George Westcott
Christianity portal

George Herbert Westcott (18 April 1862 – 16 January 1928) was the Bishop of Lucknow from 1910 until his death in 1928.

George Herbert Westcott was born into a very distinguished clerical family: his father Brooke Westcott was Bishop of Durham from 1890 until 1901, and his younger brother Foss Westcott would be Bishop of Calcutta and Metropolitan of India from 1919 until 1945. He was educated at Marlborough College and Peterhouse, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1886 and, after a brief period as Chaplain at his old school, emigrated to India where he worked as a missionary with the SPG. From 1898 he was Examining Chaplain to the inaugural Bishop of Lucknow whom in time he succeeded. He died in post on 16 January 1928, his Times obituary noting his "missionary zeal to secure the self government of the Indian Church."

Marlborough College
Marlborough College is a public school (English private boarding school) for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. It was founded as Marlborough School in 1843 by the Dean of Manchester, George Hull Bowers, for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy. It now adopts a co-educational model. In 2023 there were around 1000 pupils, approximately 45% of whom were female.

In 2024, the school was included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. Fees for boarding pupils in 2024/2025 are £50,985 per year.
Pravin Vasantrao Tayade
Pravin Vasantrao Tayade is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Achalpur Assembly constituency as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

He shot to limelight as he defeated four time MLA & Former Minister, Bachchu Kadu.

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
Omar Alfanno
Omar Enrique Alfanno Velásquez is a Panamanian singer-songwriter of Latin music who is most active in the salsa and merengue genres.

Reuters noted him as "one of Latin music's premiere songwriters and the man behind countless hits".

He has composed for musicians like Tony Vega, Luis Enrique, Melina Leon, Jerry Rivera, Victor Manuelle, Gilberto Santa Rosa, and Marc Anthony. His most successful song, "A Puro Dolor" performed by the Son by Four, reached the Billboard Hot 100.  The song was awarded a Lo Nuestro Award, a Billboard Music Award, and a Latin Grammy Award nomination in 2000. His song  "Amores Como el Nuestro" — written for Jerry Rivera — was sampled by Wyclef Jean in the 2004 song "Dance Like This" which was later used for the 2006 Shakira hit "Hips Don't Lie". "Amores Como el Nuestro" was also sampled by Lord Tariq and Peter Gunz in the 1998 song "Deja Vu (Uptown Baby)".

In April 2013, he performed with many of his collaborators at a concert in Panama.

Marc Anthony
Marco Antonio Muñiz (born September 16, 1968), known by the stage name Marc Anthony, is an American singer and actor. He is the top selling salsa artist of all time. A four-time Grammy Award, eight-time Latin Grammy Award and twenty-nine-time Lo Nuestro Awards winner (the most of any male). As of 2014, he had sold more than 12 million albums worldwide.

Known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads, Anthony's achievements have been honored through various recognitions. He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) Lifetime Achievement Award. He also received the 2009 CHCI Chair's Lifetime Achievement Award on September 16, 2009. He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts. He is also the artist with the most number one songs on the Billboard Latin Tropical Airplay chart with 32 songs.
Joshua Pryor
Joshua Zekiah Pryor (born October 25, 1999) is an American professional football defensive tackle. He played college football at Bowie State and was signed by the Washington Commanders as an undrafted free agent in 2023.

Bowie State Bulldogs
The Bowie State Bulldogs are the athletic teams that represent Bowie State University, located in Bowie, Maryland, in intercollegiate sports at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association since the 1979–80 academic year.

Bowie State competes in thirteen intercollegiate varsity sports. Men's sports include basketball, cross country, football, and track and field (indoor and outdoor); while women's sports include basketball, bowling, cross country, softball, tennis, track and field (indoor and outdoor), and volleyball.
Berthiaume Lake
The lac Berthiaume (English: Berthiaume lake) is a freshwater body crossed by the Métascouac River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province from Quebec, to Canada. Lac Berthiaume is located in the northwestern part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.

Lac Berthiaume is located between route 169 (connecting Quebec to Alma) and route 155 (connecting La Tuque and Chambord). Some secondary forest roads serve this area for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of Berthiaume Lake is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.

Lac-Jacques-Cartier, Quebec
Lac-Jacques-Cartier (French pronunciation: [lak ʒak kaʁtje]) is a large unorganized territory in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, making up more than 85% of this regional county. It is unpopulated and undeveloped, almost entirely part of the Jacques-Cartier National Park and the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.

Quebec Route 175 bisects the territory, and passes on the western shore of Jacques-Cartier Lake, after which the territory is named and source of the Jacques-Cartier River.
Polymorphic recursion
In computer science, polymorphic recursion (also referred to as Milner–Mycroft typability or the Milner–Mycroft calculus) refers to a recursive parametrically polymorphic function where the type parameter changes with each recursive invocation made, instead of staying constant. Type inference for polymorphic recursion is equivalent to semi-unification and therefore undecidable and requires the use of a semi-algorithm or programmer-supplied type annotations.

Type signature
In computer science, a type signature or type annotation defines the inputs and outputs of a function, subroutine or method. A type signature includes the number, types, and order of the function's arguments. One important use of a type signature is for function overload resolution, where one particular definition of a function to be called is selected among many overloaded forms.
Juan Manuel Márquez vs. Juan Díaz II
Juan Manuel Márquez vs. Juan Díaz II, billed as The Rematch, was a boxing lightweight bout for Márquez's WBA (Super), WBO, and The Ring lightweight championship. This fight is a rematch of the 2009 Fight of the Year, where Márquez knocked out Díaz in the 9th round.

Juan Díaz (boxer)
Juan Díaz (born September 17, 1983) is an American professional boxer who held the WBA (Unified), IBF and WBO lightweight championships from 2007 to 2008 and the IBO lightweight championship from 2008 to 2009.