hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erwin Griswold
Erwin Nathaniel Griswold (/ˈɡrɪzwɔːld, -wəld/; July 14, 1904 – November 19, 1994) was an American appellate attorney and legal scholar who argued many cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. Griswold served as Solicitor General of the United States (1967–1973) under Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard M. Nixon. He also served as the dean of Harvard Law School for 21 years. Several times he was considered for appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court. During a career that spanned more than six decades, he served as member of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and as president of the American Bar Foundation.

United States Commission on Civil Rights
The United States Commission on Civil Rights (CCR) is a bipartisan, independent commission of the United States federal government, created by the Civil Rights Act of 1957 during the Eisenhower administration, which is charged with the responsibility for investigating, reporting on, and making recommendations concerning civil rights issues in the United States. Specifically, the CCR investigates allegations of discrimination based on race, sex, national origin, disability. In January 2025, Peter Kirsanow was appointed to serve as chair.

Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1975d, all statutory authority for the commission terminated on September 30, 1996, and Congress has not passed new legislation, but has continued to pass appropriations.
Orinam
Orinam (Tamil: ஓரினம்) is a non-funded, social, and activist collective that works to enhance understanding of alternate sexualities and gender identities among families, communities and society. It was founded in 2003 in Chennai under the name MovenPick   and is one of the oldest collective of its kind in India. People affiliated with Orinam are from or trace their ancestry to the following geo-cultural: People of Tamil Origin from Tamil Nadu, India. Orinam provides a platform for creative expression, personal and social commentary by Queer people of Tamil Origin and of Indian Origin primarily. Orinam also acts as a local support group in Chennai for the queer community. Orinam also partners with the city-, state- and national initiatives around decriminalisation of homosexuality by amending Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code and LGBTQ rights.

Section 377
Section 377 is a British colonial Penal Code provision that criminalized all sexual acts "against the order of nature". The law was used to prosecute people engaging in oral and anal sex along with homosexual activity. As per a Supreme Court of India judgement since 2018, the Indian Penal Code Section 377 is used to convict non-consensual sexual activities among homosexuals with a minimum of ten years' imprisonment extended to life imprisonment. It has been used to criminalize third gender people, such as the apwint in Myanmar. In 2018, then British Prime Minister Theresa May acknowledged how the legacies of such British colonial anti-sodomy laws continue to persist today in the form of discrimination, violence, and even death.
Acantholichen pannarioides
Acantholichen pannarioides is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae, and the type species of genus Acantholichen. The lichen has a bluish-tinged, gelatinous thallus with a surface texture that has a powdery to hairy texture. It is found in montane regions of Central America and northern South America, where it grows on forest litter, bark, on bryophytes, and on other lichens.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Allographa itatiaiensis
Allographa itatiaiensis is a little-known species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Graphidaceae. Originally described in 2011 as a member of the genus Graphis, it was later transferred to Allographa in 2018 during a major reorganization of script lichen genera. The species forms thin, greenish-grey crusts on tree bark, distinguished by small spherical outgrowths and star-shaped clusters of slender, branching fruiting bodies. It is known only from humid Atlantic Forest environments in southeastern Brazil, where it grows on tree bark in shaded, moist conditions.

Allographa
Allographa is a genus of script lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has more than 200 species. Formally circumscribed in 1824 by François Fulgis Chevallier, Allographa was formerly included in Graphis, but was upgraded to generic status in 2018 by lichenologists Klaus Kalb and Robert Lücking, who used molecular phylogenetics analysis to show this group of species to constitute a distinct lineage in the Graphidaceae.
Battle of Jinyang (312)
The Battle of Jinyang was fought between the state of Han-Zhao and the allied forces of the Western Jin and Tuoba Dai from roughly August to December 312. The battle concluded in victory for the alliance.

Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)
Dai, also rendered as Tai and sometimes known in historiography as the Tuoba Dai (Chinese: 拓跋代), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Tuoba clan of Xianbei descent, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms (although it is not listed as one of the 16). It existed from AD 310 to 376, with its capital at Shengle (near modern Horinger County of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China).

The name "Dai" originated when Tuoba Yilu was appointed the Duke of Dai (代公) by the Western Jin dynasty in 310, as a reward for helping Liu Kun, the Governor of Bingzhou (并州), fight against the Han-Zhao dynasty. The fief was later promoted from a duchy to a principality in 315. Dai was conquered in 376 by the Former Qin dynasty, and its descendants later established the Northern Wei dynasty in 386.
2003 International Rules Series
The 2003 International Rules Series was the 10th annual International Rules Series and the sixth time a test series of international rules football has been played between Australia and Ireland since the series resumed in 1998.

Despite both teams each winning a match, the series was won by Australia on an aggregate score line of 101−94 points. In doing so, the Australians recorded their third series win in the two-test format, their first consecutive series win following their seven-point aggregate win in 2002 and their first ever series victory on home soil. The series was regarded as a commercial success, generating popular media interest and a sell-out crowd for the first test at Perth's Subiaco Oval.

1998 International Rules Series
The 1998 International Rules Series was the fifth annual series between Gaelic footballers from the Gaelic Athletic Association and Australian rules footballers from the Australian Football League and the first since it was cancelled in 1990. It was part of a four-year agreement. Ireland and Australia both won a game however Ireland won the overall series by 10 points in aggregate. Jim Stynes who had represented Australia in the 1987 series and Ireland in the 1990 series, returned to represent Australia in the 1998 series while his brother, Brian played on the Irish team.
Karen Chen
Karen Chen (born August 16, 1999) is an American figure skater. She is a 2022 Olympic Games team event gold medalist, two-time CS U.S. Classic bronze medalist (2016, 2017), the 2015 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb bronze medalist, the 2017 U.S. national champion, 2022 U.S. national silver medalist, and a three-time U.S. national bronze medalist (2015, 2018, 2021). She graduated from Cornell University in 2025.

Chen also competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics, placing 11th. She has competed at seven ISU Championships, achieving her best result, fourth, at two World Championships (2017, 2021).

Earlier in her career, she won four medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series, including gold at the 2013 JGP Slovakia.

2017 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2017 Prudential U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held from January 14–22 at the Sprint Center in Kansas City, Missouri and Silverstein Eye Centers Arena in Independence, Missouri. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies singles, pair skating, and ice dancing at the senior, junior, novice, intermediate, and juvenile levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2017 Four Continents, 2017 World Junior Championships, and the 2017 World Championships.

Kansas City was announced as the host in December 2015.
Jalan KLIA 1
Jalan KLIA 1, Federal Route 182, is the third highway in Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), Malaysia. It is a main route to KLIA Charter Field Town or KLIA Town Centre. The Kilometre Zero is located at Nilai-KLIA Highway junctions.

KLIA Charter Field Town
The KLIA Charter Field Town or KLIA Town Centre (Malay: Pusat Bandar KLIA) is a town centre within Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. The town centre was established in 1993 during the construction of KLIA.
Home Run Apple
The Home Run Apple is a motorized apple prop in the batter's eye at Citi Field in New York City, New York, United States; which rises whenever the New York Mets hit a home run there. The original, smaller apple was first installed in Shea Stadium in 1980 at the behest of Al Harazin with a replacement being installed at Citi Field upon that stadium's opening in 2009, the original apple being moved to the home plate entrance of Citi Field where it currently remains. The original is 9 feet (2.7 m) tall while the replacement is 18 feet (5.5 m) tall and 16 feet (4.9 m) wide.

Shea Stadium
William A. Shea Municipal Stadium (/ʃeɪ/ SHAY), typically shortened to Shea Stadium, was a multi-purpose stadium in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York City. Opened in 1964, it was home to the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1964 to 2008, as well as the New York Jets of the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL) from 1964 to 1983.

The stadium was named in honor of William Shea, who was most responsible for bringing National League baseball back to New York after the Dodgers and Giants left for California in 1957. It was demolished in 2009 following the opening of the adjacent Citi Field, the ballpark built to replace it and the current home of the Mets. The former footprint of Shea Stadium is part of Citi Field's parking lots.
Rail transport in Laos
Laos has 422 km (262 mi) of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge railways, primarily consisting of the Boten–Vientiane railway, which opened in December 2021. It also has a 12 km (7 mi) metre gauge railway with two stations in Vientiane, Khamsavath and Thanaleng, both of which are connected to Thailand's railway system. There are a total of 22 stations in Laos - 20 on the Boten–Vientiane railway, and 2 linking to the State Railway of Thailand.

Thanaleng railway station
Thanaleng station, also known as Dongphosy station (Ban Dong Phosy in Lao), is a freight railway station in Dongphosy village, Hadxayfong district, Vientiane Prefecture, Laos. It is 20 km (12 mi) east of the Lao capital city of Vientiane and 4 km (2.5 mi) north of the Lao-Thai border on the Mekong River. The station opened for cross-border passenger services from Thailand on 5 March 2009, becoming part of the first international railway link serving Laos.

All passenger services were shifted to Khamsavath railway station in 2024. Thanaleng station now operates as a rail freight terminal with the intention of providing low-cost alternative to road freight, the main mode of transport for goods entering Thailand. The station provides a connection between Vientiane and the capital cities of three other ASEAN nations: Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore, and several major Southeast Asian ports.
All Your Friend's Friends
All Your Friend's Friends is a hip hop album released by K Records on November 11, 2014. It was produced by Thee Xntrx (Eprhyme and Smoke of Oldominion, who also appear on the album) and pairs verses from various Pacific Northwest rappers with samples from older K Records artists, including punk and indie rock bands. Rappers on the compilation include The Chicharones, MG! The Visionary, Onry Ozzborn and JFK Ninjaface of Grayskul, Xperience, and Iame, while samples are taken from Mirah, The Microphones, and Jeremy Jay.

Oldominion
Oldominion is an American hip hop collective, consisting of more than twenty members. It was described by Casey Jarman of Willamette Week as the "Northwest's largest hip-hop crew" which "united the local underground rap scene for the first time".
Wetin Dey (TV series)
Wetin Dey is a Nigerian television drama series that aired on the Nigerian Television Authority. The show first aired on April 11, 2007. It was produced by the BBC World Service Trust (now BBC Media Action) as part of an initiative to promote awareness of social issues such as HIV/AIDS, sexual and reproductive health, corruption, and youth empowerment.

Nigerian Television Authority
The Nigerian Television Authority or NTA is a Nigerian government-owned and partly commercial broadcast station. Originally known as Nigerian Television (NTV), it was inaugurated in 1977 with a monopoly on national television broadcasting, after a takeover of regional television stations by military governmental authorities in 1976. After a declining interest from the public in government-influenced programming, it lost its monopoly over television broadcasting in Nigeria in the 1990s.

The NTA runs the largest television network in Nigeria with stations in several parts of the country. It is widely viewed as the "authentic voice" of the Nigerian government.
Aminoacylase
In enzymology, an aminoacylase (EC 3.5.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

N-acyl-L-amino acid  +   H2O   ⇌  carboxylate   +   L-amino acid

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-acyl-L-amino acid and H2O, whereas its two products are carboxylate and L-amino acid.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-acyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase. Other names in common use include dehydropeptidase II, histozyme, hippuricase, benzamidase, acylase I, hippurase, amido acid deacylase, L-aminoacylase, acylase, aminoacylase I, L-amino-acid acylase, alpha-N-acylaminoacid hydrolase, long acyl amidoacylase, and short acyl amidoacylase.  This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.

Urea cycle
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3). Animals that use this cycle, mainly amphibians and mammals, are called ureotelic.

The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit in 1932, five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle was described in more detail later on by Ratner and Cohen. The urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.
29th Kuvendi
The Twenty-ninth Legislature of Albania (Albanian: Legjislatura e Njëzet e nëntë e Shqipërisë), officially known as the VIII Pluralist Legislature of Albania (Albanian: Legjislatura e VIII Pluraliste e Shqipërisë), is the legislature of Albania following the 2013 general election of Members of Parliament (MPs) to the Albanian Parliament. The party of the Prime Minister Edi Rama, PS, with its coalition partners obtained an absolute majority of 83.

Socialist Party of Albania
The Socialist Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë, PSSh), also known as simply the Socialist Party (Albanian: Partia Socialiste, PS), is a social-democratic centre-left political party in Albania. It is the successor to the Party of Labour of Albania, which reconstituted itself under its current name on 13 June 1991 after the fall of communism in an effort to adapt to the new political landscape. It has been the country’s Governing Party since 2013. The Socialist Party is one of the two major parties in Albanian politics along with the Democratic Party. The PS is an associate of the Party of European Socialists and a member of the Socialist International.
Ilaix Moriba
Moriba Kourouma Kourouma (born 19 January 2003), known as Ilaix Moriba (Catalan: [iˈlaʃ muˈɾiβə]), is a Guinean professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for La Liga club Celta de Vigo and the Guinea national team.

Guinea national football team
The Guinea national football team (French:  Équipe de football de Guinée) represents Guinea in men's international football and is controlled by the Guinean Football Federation. They have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup finals, and their best finish in the Africa Cup of Nations was runners-up in 1976. The team reached the quarter-finals in four recent tournaments (2004, 2006, 2008 and 2015). The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
ForgeLight
ForgeLight is a proprietary MMO game engine developed and used by Daybreak Game Company (formerly Sony Online Entertainment). The engine has been used for  Free Realms, Clone Wars Adventures, PlanetSide 2, Landmark, EverQuest Next, H1Z1: Just Survive, H1Z1: King of the Kill. The engine was nominated for the 2013 Game Developers Choice Awards Best Technology award.

Just Survive
Just Survive was a survival massively multiplayer online game by Daybreak Game Company for Windows. The game, originally known as H1Z1 and later as H1Z1: Just Survive, is set during a zombie apocalypse in a rural area of the United States. In it, players attempt to survive against the natural elements such as wolves and bears, hordes of zombies, and thousands of potentially hostile survivors through interaction, scavenging for resources, building shelters, and crafting. The game was released in early access in January 2015, selling over a million copies within two months, before being discontinued in October 2018.
2007–08 Big East Conference men's basketball season
The 2007–08 Big East Conference men's basketball season was the 29th in conference history, and involved its 16 full-time member schools.

Georgetown was the regular-season champion with a record of 15–3. Pittsburgh won the Big East tournament championship.

2007–08 Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball team
The 2007–08 Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 2007–08 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by head coach Jamie Dixon, the Panthers finished with a record of 27–10 and made it to the second round of the 2008 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament where they lost to Michigan State.
Kujō Michifusa
Kujō Michifusa (九条 道房; 1609 – 1647), son of regent Yukiie, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Edo period (1603–1868). He held a regent position sesshō in 1647. He married a daughter of second head of Echizen Domain Matsudaira Tadanao. One of the couple's daughters married regent Kujō Kaneharu who they adopted as son, and their second and fifth daughters are consorts of third head of Hiroshima Domain Asano Tsunaakira.

Fukui Domain
The Fukui Domain (福井藩, Fukui-han),  also known as the Echizen Domain (越前藩, Echizen-han), was a domain (han) of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1601 to 1871.

The Fukui Domain was based at Fukui Castle in Echizen Province, the core of the modern city of Fukui, located in the Chūbu region of the island of Honshu. The Fukui Domain was founded by Yūki Hideyasu, the son of shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu, and was ruled for all of its existence by the shinpan daimyō of the Matsudaira clan. The Fukui Domain was assessed under the Kokudaka system and its value peaked at 680,000 koku. The Fukui Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 after the Meiji Restoration and its territory was absorbed into Fukui Prefecture.
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure (French: [ʒak ʃaʁl dypɔ̃ də lœʁ]; 27 February 1767 – 3 March 1855) was a  French lawyer and statesman.

He is best known as the first head of state of the Second Republic, after the collapse of the July Monarchy as a result of the French Revolution of 1848.

French Revolution of 1848
The French Revolution of 1848 (French: Révolution française de 1848), also known as the February Revolution (Révolution de février), was a period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundation of the French Second Republic. It sparked the wave of revolutions of 1848.

The revolution took place in Paris, and was preceded by the French government's crackdown on the campagne des banquets. Starting on 22 February as a large-scale protest against the government of François Guizot, it later developed into a violent uprising against the monarchy. After intense urban fighting, large crowds managed to take control of the capital, leading to the abdication of King Louis Philippe I on 24 February and the subsequent proclamation of the Second Republic.
Alliance Jiu Jitsu
Alliance is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu association. Alliance was founded by Romero "Jacare" Cavalcanti and his students: Fabio Gurgel, Alexandre Paiva, and Fernando Gurgel. Alliance Global headquarters is in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Alliance Martial Arts Academy, where "Jacare" is the head instructor. Fabio Gurgel is the co-leader of Alliance and the head instructor at Alliance São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil). Alexandre "Gigi" Paiva heads the third main Alliance academy in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

In 2010, Alliance won all major competitions: European Championship, Pan American Championship, and the World Jiu-Jitsu Championship; an accomplishment which has never been achieved by any other team in history.

World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship
The World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournament held annually by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation. It is widely considered  the most  important and prestigious jiu-jitsu tournament of the year.

The first edition took place in February 1996 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Since 2007 the tournament has been held  in California. The last edition of the championship took place at the Walter Pyramid in Long Beach California in 2025.
Ashok M. Raichur
Ashok M. Raichur is an Indian materials scientist, nanotechnologist and a professor at the Department of Materials Engineering of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Known for his studies on the use of nanotechnology for biomedical and environmental applications, Raichur is a former Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and a life member of the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2009.

Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (German: Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung) is a foundation that promotes international academic cooperation between scientists and scholars from Germany and abroad. Established by the government of the Federal Republic of Germany, it is funded by the Federal Foreign Office, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, and other national and international partners.