hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vertex buffer object
A vertex buffer object (VBO) is an OpenGL feature that provides methods for uploading vertex data (position, normal vector, color, etc.) to the video device for non-immediate-mode rendering. VBOs offer substantial performance gains over immediate mode rendering primarily because the data reside in video device memory rather than system memory and so it can be rendered directly by the video device. These are equivalent to vertex buffers in Direct3D.

The vertex buffer object specification has been standardized by the OpenGL Architecture Review Board Archived 2011-11-24 at the Wayback Machine as of OpenGL Version 1.5 (in 2003). Similar functionality was available before the standardization of VBOs via the Nvidia-created extension "vertex array range" or ATI's "vertex array object" extension.

OpenGL
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) began developing OpenGL in 1991 and released it on June 30, 1992. It is used for a variety of applications, including computer-aided design (CAD), video games, scientific visualization, virtual reality, and flight simulation. Since 2006, OpenGL has been managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.
History of Lutheranism
Lutheranism as a religious movement originated in the early 16th century Holy Roman Empire as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church. The movement originated with the call for a public debate regarding several issues within the Catholic Church by Martin Luther, then a professor of Bible at the young University of Wittenberg. Lutheranism soon became a wider religious and political movement within the Holy Roman Empire owing to support from key electors and the widespread adoption of the printing press. This movement soon spread throughout northern Europe and became the driving force behind the wider Protestant Reformation. Today, Lutheranism has spread from Europe to all six populated continents.

Ninety-five Theses
The Ninety-five Theses or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg, Germany. The Theses are retrospectively considered to have launched the Protestant Reformation and the birth of Protestantism, despite various quasi- or proto-Protestant groups having existed previously.

The Theses are framed as propositions to be argued in an academic debate rather than necessarily representing Luther's opinions. They aired contemporary theological misgivings about the theory and practice of indulgences and their relation to repentance, penance and papal authority: this was triggered by the scandal of certain Catholic clergy, who were supposedly selling plenary indulgences in Germany, which were certificates supposed to reduce the temporal punishment in purgatory for sins committed by the saved  purchasers or their loved ones.
Seyyed Hassani
In  Shia Islam,   Hassani (Arabic/Persian: سید حسني), is a  Sayyid (young man) whose rising is predicted to be  among the signs of the reappearance of al-Mahdi. Seyyed Hassani will come out from the side of Deilam (Gilan and the west of Mazandaran).

According to—Islamic—narrations: whereas he shouts loudly "(you) help Imam-Mahdi", gallant and great-hearted men will assist him. Seyyed Hassani will remove the Earth from the existence of oppressors and Kafirs, from his place till Kufa. This progress is done simultaneously with coming out of al-Mahdi from Mecca—that al-Mahdi comes to Kufa (from Mecca), and he will be join al-Mahdi.

Reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi
The reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi is the Twelver eschatological belief in the return of their Hidden Imam in the end of time to establish peace and justice on earth. For Twelvers, this would end a period of occultation that began shortly after the death of Hasan al-Askari in 260 AH (873–874 CE), the eleventh Imam. While the miraculously prolonged life of the eschatological Mahdi is specific to Shia, the signs of his (re)appearance and his career are largely common in Shia and Sunni, and the belief in a messianic Mahdi remains popular among all Muslims, possibly owing to numerous traditions to this effect in canonical Sunni and Shia sources.
Utah Catzz
The Utah Catzz was a team in the United States Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL) in 1998. The Catzz franchise was owned by Mack Fulton, who also started a farm club for the Catzz, the Salt Lake Lions (semi-pro football team). The Catzz played their home games at the David O. McKay Events Center in Orem, UT., with the team office located in Salt Lake City, UT. The team's color's were: Blue, Red, and Purple. Utah's head coach for the 1998 season was Gordon Hudson.

The Catzz played four preseason PIFL games in 1997-98. Winning three out of the four:

December 6, 1997 - Utah Catzz 41 at West Virginia Wizards 51†

December 20, 1997 - Texas Bullets 22 at Utah Catzz 47

March 21, 1998 - Tucson Mirage† 23 at Utah Catzz 59

April 4, 1998 - Utah Catzz 42 at Louisiana Bayou Beast 40

† was scheduled to be an expansion team for the 1999 season.

Professional Indoor Football League (1998)
The Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL) was the second league to successfully play indoor football as a paid pro-league sport, after the Arena Football League (AFL).  Since the AFL had a patent given in 1990 on the gameplay of "Arena Football" (mainly the endzone nets), the PIFL played with mostly the same rules, but without the endzone nets. The PIFL only lasted one season (1998) under that name.
RailRunner (company)
RailRunner N.A., Inc. is a company that designs and produces rail vehicles (bogies) as well as a specialized chassis and trailers that allow trailers and cargo containers to be shipped on rail as well as road, thus achieving intermodal transport.

RailRunner has positioned their technology as a freight transportation alternative that is comparable in service but decreases fuel and carbon usage, as rail traffic consumes less energy per distance traveled than road traffic.

The technology is being evaluated in multiple markets, including in Africa, Europe, and India where less established transportation networks make intermodal transport more important.

Intermodal freight transport
Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation (e.g., rail, ship, aircraft, and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes. The method reduces cargo handling, and so improves security, reduces damage and loss, and allows freight to be transported faster. Reduced costs over road trucking is the key benefit for inter-continental use. This may be offset by reduced timings for road transport over shorter distances.
Ollaberry
Ollaberry (Old Norse: Olafrsberg, meaning Olaf's Hill) is a village on Mainland, Shetland, Scotland on the west shore of Yell Sound, 10.9 miles (17.5 km) north by road from Brae. Ollaberry Churchyard contains a Listed B monument, sculpted by John Forbes in 1754. Ollaberry Primary School was established in 1873.

Brae, Shetland
"Brae" is also the Lowland Scots language word for the slope or brow of a hill.

Brae (Old Norse: Breiðeið, meaning "the wide isthmus") is a village on the island of Mainland in Shetland, Scotland, United Kingdom. In 2020 it had a population of 
750.
Léon Letort
Léon Letort, (18 September 1889 – 10 December 1913) was a pioneer French aviator. He gained his pilot's license on 9 August 1910, flew his Blériot in exhibitions across France, and flew on military service in the Balkan Wars. In 1913 he set the world record for the greatest distance travelled non-stop, flying 950 kilometres (590 mi) in 8 hours. He died during an attempt to win a prize for long-distance flight  when he crash-landed at Barbezieux-Saint-Hilaire outside Bordeaux.

Barbezieux-Saint-Hilaire
Barbezieux-Saint-Hilaire (French pronunciation: [baʁbəzjø sɛ̃t‿ilɛʁ]) is a commune in the Charente department, Southwestern France. The commune was formed in 1973 by the merger of the former communes Barbezieux and Saint-Hilaire. With 4,738 inhabitants (2022), it forms the most important town in Southern Charente.

Barbezieux is a fortified hill town on the historic route south west from Paris – Poitiers to Bordeaux – Spain, now served by the N 10, which bypasses Barbezieux. The town rises from narrow streets of unspoilt, typically Charentais buildings to the medieval chateau, which dominates the western approach.
Mahatma Otoo
Mahatma Osumanu Otoo (born 6 February 1992) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a forward. He was the 2012–13 Ghana Premier League top scorer with 20 goals. Otoo played for Sogndal from 2013 to 2017, scoring 31 goals in 93 appearances in all competitions. He won the 1.divisjon in 2015 whilst playing with the Norwegian side.

2015 Norwegian First Division
The 2015 1. divisjon (referred to as the OBOS-ligaen for sponsorship reasons) was a Norwegian second-tier football league season. The league was contested by 16 teams, and the top two teams were promoted to Tippeligaen, while the teams placed from third to sixth place played a promotion-playoff against the 14th-placed team in Tippeligaen to win promotion. The bottom four teams were relegated to the 2. divisjon.

The first round of the season was played on 6 April 2015 and the season ended with the last round on 1 November 2015. The playoff-tournament was played between 7 and 21 November 2015.

An agreement with Oslo's housing cooperative OBOS was signed on 15 January 2015, branding the league as OBOS-ligaen until 2021.
Stavanger IF Fotball
Stavanger IF Fotball, the football division of Stavanger Idrettsforening, is a football club from Stavanger, Norway. In Rogaland, they are colloquially called Sif or Stavanger.

SIF reached the semi-finals of the Norwegian Football Cup in 1912, 1914, 1929 and 1930. Its latest stint in the First Division, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system, was in 2009. The club is currently playing in 5. divisjon, the sixth tier of Norwegian football.

Norwegian First Division
The Norwegian First Division, also called 1. divisjon (Norwegian: første divisjon) and OBOS-ligaen (due to  sponsoring ties with OBOS), is the second-highest level of the Norwegian football league system. Each year, the top finishing teams in the 1. divisjon are promoted to the Eliteserien, and the lowest finishing teams are relegated to 2. divisjon.

1. divisjon was previously known as 2. divisjon (1963–1990) and replaced regional league Landsdelsserien (1951–1962) after the latter was dissolved after the 1961–62 season. The second tier was also prior to Landsdelsserien known as 1. divisjon (1948–1951). Formally, it was a semi-professional league. The tier has been restructured many times and consists of 16 teams at present.
Marc Liegghio
Marc Liegghio (born February 13, 1997) is a Canadian professional football placekicker for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a Vanier Cup after winning with the Western Mustangs in 2017 and is a Grey Cup champion after winning with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 2021.

53rd Vanier Cup
The 53rd Vanier Cup (branded as the ArcelorMittal Dofasco Vanier Cup for sponsorship reasons), the 2017 edition of the U Sports football championship, was held on November 25, 2017, at Tim Hortons Field in Hamilton, Ontario. The defending champion Laval Rouge et Or made their 11th Vanier Cup appearance while the Western Mustangs made their nation-leading 13th appearance. This was a rematch of the 44th Vanier Cup which was won by Laval and also played in Hamilton. Western defeated Laval, 39–17, to win its first national championship since 1994.

Hamilton was awarded both the 2016 and 2017 Vanier Cup games; it marked the fifth time that the Vanier Cup had been hosted by Hamilton.
Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai CSMT Vande Bharat Express
The 20705/20706 Hazur Sahib Nanded - Mumbai CSMT Vande Bharat Express is India's 41st Vande Bharat Express train, running across the state of Maharashtra, which will start from Hazur Sahib Nanded and will terminate at Mumbai CSMT in India. This will be the fourth express train towards Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT).

This express train was inaugurated on 30 December 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi via video conferencing from Ayodhya Dham Junction.

Vande Bharat (trainset)
The Vande Bharat trainset, formerly known as Train 18, is an Indian electric multiple unit designed for Vande Bharat train services of the Indian Railways. It was designed and developed by the state-owned Integral Coach Factory in Chennai.

The trainsets consist of eight, sixteen or twenty air-conditioned chair car coaches. Introduced in 2018, the trainsets achieved speeds of up to 183 km/h (114 mph) during trial runs, and has a maximum operational speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) in regular service.
Mills Lane
Mills Bee Lane III (November 12, 1937 – December 6, 2022) was an American boxing referee and professional boxer, a two-term Washoe County, Nevada district court judge, and television personality.

Lane was best known for having officiated several major heavyweight championship boxing matches in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, and for starring in the syndicated court show Judge Mills Lane. On June 9, 2013, Lane was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame, and was inducted into the Nevada Boxing Hall of Fame on August 10 the same year.

Washoe County, Nevada
Washoe County (/ˈwɒʃoʊ/) is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 486,492, making it Nevada's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Reno. Washoe County is included in the Reno, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Washoe County landing ship tank was named after this county.
Sabal Trail Transmission Pipeline
Sabal Trail Transmission Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline that runs from central Alabama through southwest Georgia to Orange County, Florida. A minority stake in the venture is owned by NextEra Energy and Duke Energy. The pipeline has been being planned since before 2011. In July 2013 it was announced that Florida Power & Light Company (FPL) jointly awarded its parent corporation, NextEra Energy and Spectra Energy the bid to build the pipeline. In May 2015, Duke Energy bought an interest in the venture. Construction began in September 2016. The pipeline is currently scheduled to be in service by June 2017.

Duke Energy
Duke Energy Corporation is an American electric power and natural gas holding company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company serves over 7 million customers in the eastern United States. In 2024 it ranked as the 141st largest company in the United States – its highest-ever placement on the Fortune 500 list.
Marsico Nuovo Cathedral
Marsico Nuovo Cathedral (Italian: Concattedrale di Marsico Nuovo; Concattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta e San Giorgio) is a Roman Catholic cathedral, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and Saint George, in the town of Marsico Nuovo, province of Potenza, region of Basilicata, Italy. It stands on a hill that rises above the town. Formerly the seat of the diocese of Marsico Nuovo, it has been a co-cathedral within the Archdiocese of Potenza-Muro Lucano-Marsico Nuovo since 1986.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Marsico Nuovo
The diocese of Marsico Nuovo was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Basilicata, southern Italy, which existed until 1818. It was a suffragan of the archbishops of Salerno. In 1818, Marsico Nuovo was united aeque principaliter with the diocese of Potenza, to form the diocese of Marsico Nuovo and Potenza.
Kaalkoot
Kaalkoot is a 2023  Hindi-language crime drama TV series on JioCinema written by Arunabh Kumar and Sumit Saxena and directed by Sumit Saxena. It stars Vijay Varma, Shweta Tripathi, Seema Biswas, Yashpal Sharma, Gopal Dutt, and Suzanna Mukherjee.

Yashpal Sharma (actor)
Yashpal Sharma is an Indian actor primarily working in Hindi-language films and theatre. He is best known for his role as Randhir Singh in Sudhir Mishra's 2003 Hindi movie Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi,  apart from Lagaan (2001), Gangaajal (2003), Ab Tak Chhappan (2004), Apaharan (2005), Lakshyam (2007), Singh Is Kinng (2008), Aarakshan (2011), Rowdy Rathore  (2012), and Ayothi (2023), Kudi Haryane Val Di (2024).

He also played the role as Don Rana in sitcom Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah (2008–present) on Sony SAB. He played Kuwar Singh in Zee TV's Mera Naam Karegi Roshan. Yashpal is also a stage actor and appears in live plays. He formerly starred in Zee's Neeli Chhatri Waale. His Haryanvi film Pagdi: The Honour was awarded at the 62nd National Film Awards.
Eric Lowndes
Eric Lowndes (born 1994)  is an Irish Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career as a corner-back at senior level with the Dublin county team has lasted four seasons since 2014.

Lowndes made his debut on the inter-county scene when he was selected for the Dublin minor teams as a dual player in 2011. After back-to-back All-Ireland defeats with the hurlers, he ended his minor career as an All-Ireland medal winner with the footballers in 2012. He subsequently joined the Dublin under-21 team and won an All-Ireland medal in this grade in 2014. Lowndes made his senior debut during the 2014 league. Since then he has won three successive All-Ireland medals. Lowndes has also won four Leinster medals and three National League medals.

2014 National Football League (Ireland)
The 2014 National Football League known for sponsorship reasons as the Allianz National Football League was the 83rd staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland. The League began on Saturday 1 February 2014. Thirty-one Gaelic football county teams from the island of Ireland, plus London, participated.

Dublin won their second title in a row and eleventh in total after a 3-19 to 1-10 win against Derry in the final on 27 April at Croke Park.
Frederic T. Woodman
Frederic Thomas Woodman (June 28, 1872 – March 25, 1949) was an American politician who served as the 31st Mayor of Los Angeles from September 5, 1916 to July 1, 1919. Previously serving in the New Hampshire House of Representatives, he moved to Los Angeles in 1908 and was appointed Mayor in September 5, 1916 after the resignation of incumbent Charles E. Sebastian.

Mayor of Los Angeles
The mayor of Los Angeles is the head of the executive branch of the government of Los Angeles and the chief executive of Los Angeles. The office is officially nonpartisan, a change made in the 1909 charter; previously, both the elections and the office were partisan.

Forty-two men and one woman have been mayor since 1850, when California became a state following the American conquest of California. Between 1781 and the conquest, Californios, or native-born residents of the Mexican territory, served as alcalde, equivalent to mayor.  The current mayor is Karen Bass, who was elected on November 17, 2022, and took office on December 12, 2022.
Kevin Castaño
Kevin Duván Castaño Gil (born 29 September 2000) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Argentine Primera División club River Plate and the Colombia national team.

A product of Águilas Doradas, Castaño established himself in Colombia before moving abroad in 2023 to join Cruz Azul in Mexico. He later transferred to FC Krasnodar, where he won the Russian Premier League in his first season, the club’s first league title in history. In 2025, he signed with River Plate in Argentina.

At international level, Castaño made his senior debut for Colombia in 2023 and was part of the squad that finished runners-up at the 2024 Copa América.

2024 Copa América
The 2024 Copa América was the 48th edition of the Copa América, the quadrennial international men's soccer championship organized by South America's football ruling body CONMEBOL. The tournament was held in the United States from June 20 to July 14, 2024, and was co-organized by CONCACAF.

This was the second time that the United States hosted the tournament, having hosted the Copa América Centenario in 2016. Argentina was the defending champion, and won a record sixteenth title after defeating Colombia 1–0 after extra time in the final, which was played on July 14, 2024, at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida.
Plan Galicia
Plan Galicia was an economic recovery plan of the Spanish government that took place in Galicia after the Prestige oil spill. It was adopted by the Spanish Council of Ministers on January 23, 2003, in an attempt to mitigate the consequences of the Prestige disaster. Plan Galicia was presented as complementary to the one approved days before by the Xunta de Galicia.

The budgeted amount, 12,459 million euros, represented almost twice the annual budget of the Xunta de Galicia (also twice the state investment in Expo'92 in Seville and ten times more than the Barcelona Olympics).

The Galicia Plan was presented as complementary to the one approved days before by the Xunta, for a value of 1,663 million euros.

Regional Government of Galicia
The Regional Government of Galicia (Galician: Xunta de Galicia, Galician pronunciation: [ˈʃuntɐ ðɪ ɣaˈliθjɐ]) is the collective decision-making body of the government of the autonomous community of Galicia, composed of the President, the Vice-president(s) and the specialized ministers (Conselleiros).

The Regional Government is based at Santiago de Compostela, the Galician government capital. The Xunta de Galicia has delegations in the four provincial capital cities of Galicia: A Coruña, Pontevedra, Ourense and Lugo.
Alice D'Amato
Alice D'Amato (Italian: [aˈliːtʃe daˈmaːto]; born 7 February 2003) is an Italian artistic gymnast. She represented Italy at the 2020 and 2024 Olympic Games. She is the 2024 Olympic balance beam champion, becoming the first Italian woman to win gold at the Olympics in any gymnastics event. On the uneven bars she is the 2023 and 2024 European champion, the 2022 European silver medalist, and the 2019 European bronze medalist. Additionally, she is a two-time European all-around medalist. She was a member of the teams that won silver at the 2024 Olympic Games, bronze at the 2019 World Championships, and gold at the 2022 and 2024 European Championships. She is the twin sister of Asia D'Amato.

2022 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 34th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held from 11–14 August 2022 in Munich, Germany as part of the second multi-sport European Championships.  There were 37 nations who sent athletes.  Athletes from Russia and Belarus were banned due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Armenian Snooker And Pocket Billiards Federation
The Armenian Snooker And Pocket Billiards Federation (ASPBF) (Armenian: Հայաստանի սնուկերի և գրպանի բիլիարդի ֆեդերացիա), is the regulating body of snooker and pocket billiards (also known as pool) in Armenia, governed by the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.