hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cardinals created by Benedict XV
Pope Benedict XV (r. 1914–1922) created 32 cardinals in five consistories over less than seven and a half years, with a three year gap during the worst fighting of the First World War. Nineteen of the 32 were Italian, twelve came from other European countries, and the lone non-European was Dennis Dougherty from the United States. They included Achille Ratti, his successor as Pope Pius XI and one name, that of the German Adolf Bertram, reserved in pectore for three years.

College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals (Latin: Collegium Cardinalium), also called the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. As of 19 February 2026, there are 244 cardinals, of whom 121 are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Appointed by the pope, cardinals serve for life, but become ineligible to participate in a papal conclave if they turn 80 before a papal vacancy occurs.

Since the emergence of the College of Cardinals in the Early Middle Ages, the size of the body has historically been limited by popes, ecumenical councils ratified by the pope, and the college itself. The total number of cardinals from 1099 to 1986 has been about 2,900, nearly half of whom were created after 1655. This number excludes possible undocumented 12th-century cardinals and pseudocardinals appointed during the Western Schism by pontiffs now considered to be antipopes, and subject to some other sources of uncertainty.
Sears–Haack body
The Sears–Haack body is the shape with the lowest theoretical wave drag in supersonic flow, for a slender solid body of revolution with a given body length and volume.  The mathematical derivation assumes small-disturbance (linearized) supersonic flow, which is governed by the Prandtl–Glauert equation.  The derivation and shape were published independently by two separate researchers: Wolfgang Haack in 1941 and later by William Sears in 1947.

The Kármán–Moore theory indicates that the wave drag scales as the square of the second derivative of the area distribution,  (see full expression below), so for low wave drag it is necessary that  be smooth.  Thus, the Sears–Haack body is pointed at each end and grows smoothly to a maximum and then decreases smoothly toward the second point.

Prandtl–Glauert transformation
The Prandtl–Glauert transformation is a mathematical technique which allows solving certain compressible flow problems by incompressible-flow calculation methods. It also allows applying incompressible-flow data to compressible-flow cases.
Penny Priddy
Penny Priddy (born March 5, 1944) is a politician from British Columbia (BC), Canada. She served as member of Parliament (MP) from 2006 to 2008, representing the electoral district of Surrey North in the House of Commons of Canada. Prior to that, she was a Surrey city councillor (2002–2005), a member of the BC legislature representing Surrey-Newton (1991–2001), and a trustee with the Surrey School District (1986–1991). She is the only woman in Canadian history to be elected to school board, city council, a provincial legislature and the House of Commons.

During her time in the BC legislature, she served in several cabinet posts in the British Columbia New Democratic Party (BC NDP) governments of Mike Harcourt, Glen Clark, Dan Miller and Ujjal Dosanjh, including as minister of labour, health and education.

Mike Harcourt
Michael Franklin Harcourt OC (born January 6, 1943) is a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 30th premier of British Columbia from 1991 to 1996, and before that as the 34th mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia's largest city, from 1980 to 1986.
I, Alex Cross
I, Alex Cross is the 16th novel in the Alex Cross series by James Patterson. It was released in hardcover and paperback on November 16, 2009, to positive reviews and positive reception. It is preceded by Alex Cross's Trial. Its success led to five sequel novels, Cross Fire, Kill Alex Cross, Merry Christmas, Alex Cross, Alex Cross, Run and Cross My Heart.

Merry Christmas, Alex Cross
Merry Christmas, Alex Cross is the 19th novel in the Alex Cross series. Detective Alex Cross is called out on Christmas Eve to deal with a hostage situation that has spiraled out of control. Released on November 12, 2012, the novel was well received by fans and critics alike. However, its commercial success was somewhat lukewarm in comparison to past installments, peaking at #2 and #3 on the New York Times and USA Today bestsellers lists, respectively.
Gilwern
Gilwern is a village within the Brecon Beacons National Park in Monmouthshire, Wales. Historically in Brecknockshire, it extends to either side of the River Clydach on the south side of the Usk valley. Its position beside the Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal led to it being an important industrial centre at one time.

River Usk
The River Usk (/ʌsk/; Welsh: Afon Wysg) rises on the northern slopes of the Black Mountain (y Mynydd Du), Wales, in the westernmost part of the Brecon Beacons National Park. Initially forming the boundary between Carmarthenshire and Powys, it flows north into Usk Reservoir, then east through Sennybridge to Brecon before turning southeast to flow by Talybont-on-Usk, Crickhowell and Abergavenny, after which it takes a more southerly course.

Beyond the eponymous town of Usk, it passes the Roman legionary fortress of Caerleon to flow through the heart of the city of Newport and into the Severn Estuary at Uskmouth near the Newport Wetlands. The river is about 125 kilometres (78 miles) long and drains a basin of 1160 km2. According to the Encyclopaedia of Wales (which gives a figure of 137 km (85 mi)), the river is the longest to flow wholly within Wales.

The Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal follows the Usk for most of the length of the canal.
Chicago College of Performing Arts
The Chicago College of Performing Arts is the performing arts college of Roosevelt University in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It comprises three conservatories: the Music Conservatory, the Interdisciplinary Conservatory, and the Theatre Conservatory.

Nearly 600 students come from more than 40 states and 25 countries to study at the college. Its faculty consists primarily of world class professional actors, directors, performers, and musicians, including nearly 30 members of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Lyric Opera of Chicago (half of whom are principals) and theatre performers with credits from Broadway to Chicago and the West Coast.

Lyric Opera of Chicago
The Lyric Opera of Chicago is an American opera company based in Chicago, Illinois.  The company was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly, with a season that included Maria Callas's American debut in Norma.  Fox re-organized the company in 1956 under its present name.  Lyric is housed in a theater and related spaces in the Civic Opera Building.  These spaces are now owned by Lyric.
Anyte
Anyte of Tegea (Ancient Greek: Ἀνύτη; fl. c. 300 BC) was a Hellenistic poet from Tegea in Arcadia.  Little is known of her life, but twenty-four epigrams attributed to her are preserved in the Greek Anthology, and one is quoted by Julius Pollux; nineteen of these are generally accepted as authentic.  She introduced rural themes to the genre, which became a standard theme in Hellenistic epigrams.   She is one of the nine outstanding ancient women poets listed by Antipater of Thessalonica in the Palatine Anthology.  Her pastoral poetry may have influenced Theocritus, and her works were adapted by several later poets, including Ovid.

Theocritus
Theocritus (/θiːˈɒkrɪtəs/; Ancient Greek: Θεόκριτος, Theokritos; Sicilian: Tiòcritu, Teocritu; born c. 300 BC, died after 260 BC) was a Greek poet from Sicily, Magna Graecia, and the creator of Ancient Greek pastoral poetry.
Bernie LaBarge
Bernie LaBarge (born March 11, 1953) is a Canadian performing and session guitarist, singer and songwriter, and producer.

LaBarge has been the guitarist/front man for acts such as Rain, Sweet Blindness, Zwol, Stem, Stingaree, The Irish Rovers, Cassandra Vasik, The Dexters, and the George Olliver band. He has also recorded and toured with The Irish Rovers, Doug Riley, Ian Tyson, David Clayton-Thomas, Rhinoceros, Long John Baldry, Domenic Troiano, Ronnie Hawkins, John Kay, Kim Mitchell, John Sebastian, David Cassidy, and Rush's Alex Lifeson.

Long John Baldry
John William "Long John" Baldry (12 January 1941 – 21 July 2005) was an English-Canadian musician and actor. In the 1960s, he was one of the first British vocalists to sing the blues in clubs and shared the stage with many British musicians including the Rolling Stones, the Animals and the Beatles. Before achieving stardom, Rod Stewart and Elton John were members of bands led by Baldry. He enjoyed pop success in 1967 when "Let the Heartaches Begin" reached No. 1 in the UK, and in Australia where his duet with Kathi McDonald, "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'", reached No. 2 in 1980.

Baldry lived in Canada from the late-1970s onward, and continued to make records there. Beginning in the mid-1980s, he took up voiceover work, most notably as Doctor Ivo Robotnik in Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog.
Fascia training
Fascia training describes sports activities and movement exercises that attempt to improve the functional properties of the muscular connective tissues in the human body, such as tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and muscular envelopes. Also called fascia, these tissues take part in a body-wide tensional force transmission network and are responsive to training stimulation. As of 2018 the body-wide continuity of this tensional system has been expressed in an educational manner within the Fascial Net Plastination Project. The FNPP brought together experts in anatomy, dissection, and plastination, and it was the first project of its kind to plastinate a complete human fascia specimen.

Fascia
A fascia (/ˈfæʃ(i)ə/; pl.: fasciae /ˈfæʃii/ or fascias; adjective fascial; from Latin  fascia 'band') is a generic term for macroscopic membranous bodily structures.: 42  Fasciae are classified as superficial, visceral or deep, and further designated according to their anatomical location.

The knowledge of fascial structures is essential in surgery, as they create borders for infectious processes (for example Psoas abscess) and haematoma. An increase in pressure may result in a compartment syndrome, where a prompt fasciotomy may be necessary. For this reason, profound descriptions of fascial structures are available in anatomical literature from the 19th century.
X-Men: Reload
X-Men: Reload was the name given by Marvel Comics to their May 2004 revamp of the X-Men titles with new looks for the characters and fresh plot points. The revamp was prompted by Grant Morrison's departure from New X-Men.

As a result of the revamp, Chris Claremont moved from writing X-Treme X-Men to writing Uncanny X-Men, with Alan Davis doing the art. Chuck Austen moved from writing Uncanny X-Men to New X-Men, which returned to its old name of simply X-Men, with Salvador Larroca, who had been working with him on Uncanny X-Men doing the art. Finally, Joss Whedon entered as the writer of the new title Astonishing X-Men, with John Cassaday as artist. X-Treme X-Men was cancelled. The X-Men returned to more traditional (if not slightly revised) costumes, as opposed to the black leather uniforms of the X-Men films.

In addition to this reshuffle of the main titles, many of the secondary X-Men books were given new writers as well.

Astonishing X-Men
Astonishing X-Men is the name of four X-Men comic book series from Marvel Comics, the first two of which were limited series. The third volume, an ongoing series, began in 2004, with its first run written by Joss Whedon and art by John Cassaday. It was then written by Warren Ellis with art by Simone Bianchi and Phil Jimenez. Daniel Way and Christos Gage then took over the title writing alternating stories. They were followed by James Asmus who wrote one issue, then Greg Pak, who took over for four issues in November 2011. Marjorie Liu wrote the final 21 issues of the series until its end at issue #68 in 2013.

The title's fourth volume and second ongoing series launched in 2017 during the "ResurrXion" storyline. The first run was written by Charles Soule and illustrated by a rotating cast of artists. Matthew Rosenberg and artist Greg Land would then take over the series before its end in 2018.
Flanders Expedition (1678)
The Flanders Expedition of 1678 saw an English expeditionary army sent to Flanders to support the Dutch and Spanish armies against the French at the tail end of the Franco-Dutch War.

The expedition was led by James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth and was supposed to support Monmouth's cousin William of Orange and his English wife Mary in their war against France. Some of the English units fought at the Battle of Saint-Denis, the last battle of the war. The war ended with the Treaty of Nijmegen shortly later, and the expeditionary army had to return to England.

Treaties of Nijmegen
The Treaties or Peace of Nijmegen (French: Traités de Paix de Nimègue; German: Friede von Nimwegen; Dutch: Vrede van Nijmegen) were a series of treaties signed in the Dutch city of Nijmegen between August 1678 and October 1679. The treaties ended various interconnected wars among France, the Dutch Republic, Spain, Brandenburg, Sweden, Denmark-Norway, the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, and the Holy Roman Empire. The most significant of the treaties was the first, which established peace between France and the Dutch Republic and placed the northern border of France very near its modern position.
Magome Masike
Magome Albanos Masike is a South African politician and businessman who served as the North West's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Health from November 2010 to December 2018, becoming the province's longest-serving Health MEC. He was fired from the Executive Council by Job Mokgoro and did not seek re-election to the North West Provincial Legislature in 2019. He is a member of the African National Congress (ANC).

Job Mokgoro
Tebogo Job Mokgoro (born 15 May 1948) is a South African politician and academic who served as the 6th Premier of North West from June 2018 until his resignation in August 2021. He was a Member of the North West Provincial Legislature during that time. He is a party member of the African National Congress.
Samir Tandir
Samir Tandir (Serbian Cyrillic: Самир Тандир; born 3 March 1984) is a Serbian politician from the country's Bosniak community. He was a leading figure in Muamer Zukorlić's political movement for several years and served in the National Assembly of Serbia from 2020 to 2022 as a member of the Justice and Reconciliation Party (SPP).

Tandir became alienated from the SPP's new leadership after Muamer Zukorlić's death in 2021 and left the party after his parliamentary term ended. In October 2022, he formed a new political party called the Bosniak-Serb Alliance (BOSS).

He is currently the vice-president of the Prijepolje municipal assembly.

Justice and Reconciliation Party
The Justice and Reconciliation Party (Bosnian: Stranka pravde i pomirenja; Serbian: Странка правде и помирења; abbr. SPP), formerly known as the Bosniak Democratic Union of Sandžak (Bosnian: Bošnjačka demokratska zajednica Sandžaka; Serbian: Бошњачка демократска заједница Санџака; abbr. BDZS), is a political party in Serbia, representing the Bosniak ethnic minority concentrated in the Sandžak region of Serbia.
Trudinger's theorem
In mathematical analysis, Trudinger's theorem or the Trudinger inequality (also sometimes called the Moser–Trudinger inequality) is a result of functional analysis on Sobolev spaces. It is named after Neil Trudinger (and Jürgen Moser).

It provides an inequality between a certain Sobolev space norm and an Orlicz space norm of a function. The inequality is a limiting case of Sobolev embedding and can be stated as the following theorem:

Let  be a bounded domain in  satisfying the cone condition. Let  and . Set

Then there exists the embedding

where

The space

is an example of an Orlicz space.

Sobolev space
In mathematics, a Sobolev space is a vector space of functions equipped with a norm that is a combination of Lp-norms of the function together with its derivatives up to a given order. The derivatives are understood in a suitable weak sense to make the space complete, i.e. a Banach space. Intuitively, a Sobolev space is a space of functions possessing sufficiently many derivatives for some application domain, such as partial differential equations, and equipped with a norm that measures both the size and regularity of a function.

Sobolev spaces are named after the Russian mathematician Sergei Sobolev. Their importance comes from the fact that weak solutions of some important partial differential equations exist in appropriate Sobolev spaces, even when there are no strong solutions in spaces of continuous functions with the derivatives understood in the classical sense.
WZBJ-CD
WZBJ-CD (channel 24) is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. It is a translator of Danville-licensed MyNetworkTV affiliate WZBJ (channel 24) which is owned by Gray Media; the WZBJ stations collectively serve as a sister outlet to Roanoke-licensed CBS affiliate WDBJ (channel 7). WZBJ-CD's transmitter is located on Candlers Mountain near the campus of the station's former owner, Liberty University; its parent station shares studios with WDBJ on Hershberger Road in northwest Roanoke.

Gray Media
Gray Media, Inc. is an American publicly traded television broadcasting company based in Atlanta. Founded in 1946 by James Harrison Gray as Gray Communications Systems, the company is the third-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, owning or operating 180 stations across the United States in 113 markets. Its station base consists of media markets ranging from as large as Atlanta to one of the smallest markets, North Platte, Nebraska.

In terms of quantity and numerical total, Gray Media is the largest group owner and operator of NBC-affiliated stations (with a total of 64 affiliates), ahead of Nexstar Media Group and Tegna Inc., and the second-largest group owner and operator of ABC affiliates, behind Sinclair Broadcast Group.
Pellenes modicus
Pellenes modicus is a species of jumping spider in the genus Pellenes that lives in grassland and woodland dominated by species like Searsia lancea and Senegalia senegal. First identified in the Mkomazi National Park in Tanzania, the spider has also been found living in Free State, South Africa and in Uganda. It is a hairy medium-sized spider with a carapace that is  between 2.6 and 3.1 mm (0.10 and 0.12 in) long and an abdomen between 2.4 and 3.4 mm (0.09 and 0.13 in) long. There is a marking of chevrons on its abdomen and the front legs of the male are longer and thicker than the rest. Externally, the  copulatory organs are typical for the genus, particularly the female's, but internally they have a distinctive design, including gonopores that lie in fissures and three-chambered spermathecae. The male was first described in 2000 and the female in 2011.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Trams in Athens
Trams in Athens have existed in two separate generations, the first from 1882 to 1960, and the second since 2004. There were no trams at all in Athens between 1960 and 2004, though the separate Piraeus-Perama light railway remained in operation between nearby Perama and Piraeus until 1977.

Athens' first-generation metre gauge tram network began operation as a horse tram system, before being converted to electric trams in the early twentieth century. The original Athens tram network completely closed by 1960.

Trams returned in 2004 with the opening of a standard gauge modern tram network in Athens just prior to the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Piraeus-Perama light railway
The Piraeus-Perama light railway (Greek: Τραμ Περάματος) was a standard gauge suburban light railway line in Greece which connected Piraeus with Perama and Salamis Naval Base. The line was owned by the Hellenic Electric Railways private company and operated from 1936 to 1977.
Coulombe River
The Coulombe River is a tributary of lake Aylmer which is crossed by the Saint-François River which constitutes a tributary of the south shore of St. Lawrence River.

The course of the Coulombe River flows on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada. It crosses the territory of the municipalities of:

Saints-Martyrs-Canadiens, located in the MRC Arthabaska Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Centre-du-Québec;

Beaulac-Garthby, located in the Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Estrie.

Saint-François River
The Saint-François River (French: Rivière Saint-François, pronounced [ʁivjɛʁ sɛ̃ fʁɑ̃swa]) is a right tributary of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada.

Its source is Lake Saint-François in Chaudière-Appalaches, southeast of Thetford Mines. It flows southwest towards Sherbrooke, where it changes course northwest towards Drummondville, and finally empties into the Saint Lawrence River near Pierreville. Its total length is 218 km.
Tim Frick
Timothy J. C. Frick CM OBC (born 23 November 1952) is a Canadian wheelchair basketball coach who coached the Canadian women's team to three consecutive Summer Paralympic Games gold medals, in 1992, 1996 and 2000, and four consecutive World Wheelchair Basketball Championship titles, in 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006. He was inducted into the Wheelchair Basketball Canada Hall of Fame in 2012, the Canadian Paralympic Hall of Fame in 2013, Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 2014 and induction into the BC Sports Hall of Fame in 2017.

Order of British Columbia
The Order of British Columbia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Instituted in 1989 by Lieutenant Governor David Lam, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier Bill Vander Zalm, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former British Columbia residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the British Columbia Crown.