hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Larry Sandler Memorial Award
The Larry Sandler Memorial Award is a prestigious international award given for research in the Drosophila community.  The award is given for the best dissertation of the preceding year, and is given at the annual Drosophila Research Conference.  Awardees may be nominated only by their graduate advisors.

The awardees give the Larry Sandler Memorial Lecture at the annual Drosophila Research Conference.  The award honors Dr. Larry Sandler.

Drosophila Research Conference
The Drosophila Research Conference, informally known as "the fly meeting", is an annual meeting of Drosophila researchers held in North America since 1958.  It is the principal research gathering for "Drosophilists", and is international in scope, drawing 1500 participants in a typical year.  The conference is sponsored by the Genetics Society of America (GSA).

Several significant awards are made annually at the conference, including:

Larry Sandler Memorial Award (established 1988; a platform lecture is made)

Drosophila Image Award (established 2004)

GSA Novitski Prize

GSA Medal
Nanjing Forestry University
Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU; 南京林业大学) is a provincial public university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Affiliated with the Province of Jiangsu, the university is part of the Double First-Class Construction.

Double First-Class Construction
The World First-Class Universities and First-Class Academic Disciplines Construction (世界一流大学和一流学科建设), together known as Double First-Class Initiative (双一流建设), is a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government, initiated in 2015. The Universities included in the Double First Class Initiative are recognized as "Double First-Class Universities". There are 147 universities and colleges selected to be part of the program.

The program was announced under the Xi Jinping administration in 2015 to replace the original higher education development programs Project 211 and Project 985.
Nafusa Mountains campaign
The Nafusa Mountains campaign was a series of battles in the Libyan Civil War, fought between loyalist pro-Gaddafi forces and rebel anti-Gaddafi forces in the Nafusa Mountains and, at a later period, in the surrounding plains of western Libya. The mountain range is of strategic importance due to its close proximity to Tripoli, the Libyan capital. Along with the city of Misrata, the Nafusa Mountains region was one of the major rebel strongholds in the Tripolitania region of the country.

'Ayn al Ghazaya
ʿAyn al Ghazaya (Arabic: الغزايا) is a village in Nalut District in northwestern Libya. It lies on a crossroads on the Wazzin–Nalut road on the northern edge of the Tripolitanian Plateau in the Nafusa Mountains.
Nicholson, Georgia
Nicholson is a city in Jackson County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Nicholson had a population of 1,808.

Nicholson is known for its "Daisy Festival" and for several famous residents, including singer Kenny Rogers. Steve Nichols is the mayor of Nicholson.

Jackson County, Georgia
Jackson County is a county located in the East Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 75,907. The county seat is Jefferson. Jackson County comprises the Jefferson, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA Combined Statistical Area.
Abi-e Roshan
Abi-e Roshan (i.e. Light Blue) (Persian language:آبی روشن) is an Iranian film directed by Babak Khajehpasha, written by Amir Abili and Davud Ganjavi, and produced by Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Miri. The film is a joint production of Owj Arts and Media Organization and Farabi Cinema Foundation, and was first screened at the 42nd Fajr Film Festival in 2024. The film was accepted into the competitive section of the 14th Zuma Film Festival in Nigeria.

Owj Arts and Media Organization
Owj Arts and Media Organization (Persian: سازمان هنری رسانه‌ای اوج; 'Owj' means Peak) is legally a media non-governmental organization in Iran, active in launching campaigns, film production and distribution.
Ford Duratec engine
Ford Duratec engine is a line of engines used by Ford of Europe and United States for the company's range of gasoline-powered I3, I4, I5 and V6 passenger car engines. The first Duratec engine was co-designed by Ford and Porsche and introduced as the Duratec V6 in the 1993 Ford Mondeo.

Ford would subsequently brand other gasoline engines unrelated to the original V6 with the Duratec name. The Ford Zeta engine, Ford Sigma engine and Ford Cyclone engine all carry the Duratec name, but are otherwise unrelated to each other or the original 1993 Duratec V6. The ambiguous use of the name is similar to Ford's use of the Zetec for the previous generation of gasoline engines, the Duratorq name for diesel engines, and EcoBoost for turbocharged gasoline engines.

Ford Fiesta (fifth generation)
The Ford Fiesta Mk5 is the fifth generation of the Ford Fiesta supermini built in Europe between April 2002 and 2008. The Fiesta continued to be built in Mexico until 2010 and in Brazil until 2014. Most engines were carried over from the previous Fiesta. This generation became the best-selling Ford Fiesta generation to date. This was the first Fiesta to be sold in Asia and Australasia, where it replaced the Kia-based Festiva.
Olifants River (Limpopo)
The Olifants River, Lepelle, iBhalule or Obalule (Afrikaans: Olifantsrivier; Portuguese: Rio dos Elefantes) is a river in South Africa and Mozambique, a tributary of the Limpopo River. It falls into the Drainage Area B of the Drainage basins of South Africa.
The historical area of the Pedi people, Sekhukhuneland, is located between the Olifants River and one of its largest tributaries, the Steelpoort River.

Sekhukhuneland
Sekhukhuneland or Sekukuniland (Afrikaans: Sekoekoeniland) is a natural region in north-east South Africa, located in the historical Transvaal zone, former Transvaal Province, also known as Bopedi (meaning “land of Bapedi”). The region is named after the 19th-century King, Sekhukhune I.
ELKI
ELKI (Environment for Developing KDD-Applications Supported by Index-Structures) is a data mining (KDD, knowledge discovery in databases) software framework developed for use in research and teaching. It was originally created by the database systems research unit at LMU Munich, Germany, led by Professor Hans-Peter Kriegel. The project has continued at the Technical University of Dortmund, Germany. It aims at allowing the development and evaluation of advanced data mining algorithms and their interaction with database index structures.

Hans-Peter Kriegel
Hans-Peter Kriegel (1 October 1948, Germany) is a German computer scientist and professor at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and leading the Database Systems Group in the Department of Computer Science. He was previously professor at the University of Würzburg and the University of Bremen after habilitation at the Technical University of Dortmund and doctorate from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
Bethel House
The Bethel House is a historic house at Erwin and 2nd Streets in Des Arc, Arkansas.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a side-gable roof and weatherboard siding.  The front of the house is dominated by a broad cross gable, beneath which is a recessed porch, supported by groups of columns set on fieldstone piers.  The house was designed by Charles L. Thompson and built in 1918; it is a fine example of the small-scale residential architecture Thompson produced.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Des Arc, Arkansas
Des Arc (/ˈdɛz.ɑːrk/ DEZ-ark) is a city on the White River in the Arkansas Delta, United States. It is the largest city in Prairie County, Arkansas, and the county seat for the county's northern district. Incorporated in 1854, Des Arc's position on the river has shaped its culture, history, and economy, beginning as a major lumber shipping port but leaving the city vulnerable to major floods in 1927 and 1937. As river shipping declined, Des Arc was bypassed by railroads, Interstate highways, and much of the post-industrial society. Des Arc's history is preserved by seven listings on the National Register of Historic Places, and the region's history is interpreted at Lower White River Museum State Park. The city's population stopped growing in the 1980s and has been declining since, with a population of 1,905 at the 2020 census.
Marjukka Virta
Marjukka Virta (born 1983 in Karinainen, Finland) is a retired elite Finnish ringette player who played forward in semi-professional ringette in Finland and for the Finland national ringette team, but now coaches the sport.

Virta (now retired as a player) has  won six World Ringette Championships gold and one silver as a player for Team Finland Senior. For six of those national team world victories, Virta was the captain.

As a semi-professional player, Virta played in Finland's SM Ringette league, Finland's premiere ringette league, formerly known as Ringeten SM-sarja.

The Finnish ringette association, Ringette Finland, froze Virta's jersey number 4 on November 1, 2022, in Turku and is the first Finnish ringette player in history to receive this honour. The freeze officially took place in the Rajupaja Areena before the game against Team Canada.

2007 World Ringette Championships
The 2007 World Ringette Championships (2007 WRC) was an international ringette tournament and the 8th (VIII) of the World Ringette Championships. The tournament was organized by the International Ringette Federation (IRF) and was contested in Ottawa, Canada, between October 30 and November 3, 2007. The competition took place at the Ottawa Civic Centre which has since been renamed, "TD Place Arena" and was broadcast in Canada by Rogers TV.
Al Bithnah Fort
Bithnah Fort is a traditional double story rock, coral and mudbrick fortification located in the Wadi Ham, near the village of Bithnah in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. The fort has played a significant role in the history of the Emirates, particularly in the emergence of Fujairah as an independent emirate in the early 20th century. With a controlling position overlooking the Wadi Ham, the fort replaced an Iron Age fortification.

Prior to the construction of the metalled road between Fujairah City and Masafi in the 1970s, traffic to the interior from the coast passed through the bed of the wadi, controlled by Bithnah Fort, which has through the ages been a keenly contested strategic holding and was to form a key mainstay in the fortunes of the Sharqiyin through the 18th and early 19th centuries.

Emirate of Fujairah
The Emirate of Fujairah (Arabic: إِمَـارَة ٱلْفُجَيْرَة Al-Fuǧaira MSA: /al fud͡ʒajra/ Emirati Arabic : [ɪl fʊd͡ʒe̞ːrä]) is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates, the only one of the seven with a coastline solely on the Gulf of Oman and none on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Fujairah.
Isethionate sulfite-lyase
Isethionate sulfite-lyase (IslA, IseA or IseG) is a glycyl radical enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of isethionate into acetaldehyde and sulfite through the cleavage of a carbon-sulfur bond. This conversion is a necessary step for taurine catabolism in anaerobic bacteria like Bilophila wadsworthia. IslA is activated by the enzyme IslB which uses S-adenoslymethionine (SAM) as the initial radical donor.

Bilophila wadsworthia
Bilophila wadsworthia is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, catalase-positive, bile-resistant, and asaccharolytic bacillus.  Approximately 75% of B. wadsworthia strains are urease positive. B. wadsworthia is linked to various diseases and is not well known due to frequent misidentification of the bacteria; the National Center for Biotechnology Information formerly included it the phylum of Proteobacteria. The two unique characteristics of B. wadsworthia are the utilisation of the alkylsulfonate amino acid taurine in the production of hydrogen sulfide and the rapid catalase reaction. This bacterium is susceptible to the β-lactam antibiotics imipenem, cefoxitin, and ticarcillin.
Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz
General Alfred Candidus Ferdinand, Prince of Windischgrätz (German: Alfred Candidus Ferdinand Fürst zu Windischgrätz; 11 May 1787 – 21 March 1862), a member of an old Austro-Bohemian House of Windischgrätz, was a Field Marshal in the Austrian army. He is most noted for his service during the Napoleonic Wars and for his role in suppressing the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire.

Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
The revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire took place from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Austrian Empire, ruled from Vienna, included ethnic Germans, Hungarians, Poles, Bohemians (Czechs), Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Slovenes, Slovaks, Romanians, Croats, Italians, and Serbs; all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities. The nationalist picture was further complicated by the simultaneous events in the German states, which moved toward greater German national unity.

Besides these nationalists, liberal and socialist currents resisted the Empire's longstanding conservatism.
Fairchild Glacier
Fairchild Glacier is located in the U.S. state of Washington on Mount Fairchild and Mount Carrie in the Olympic Mountains of Olympic National Park. Beginning at an elevation of about 6,600 feet (2,000 m) along the Bailey Ridge, the glacier descends northeast and is .30 mi (0.48 km) northeast of Carrie Glacier. Like all the glaciers in Olympic National Park, Fairchild Glacier has been in a general retreat for over 100 years. The glacier is named for William R. Fairchild, who was a pilot that assisted scientific researchers in the region.

Mount Carrie
Mount Carrie is a 6,995-foot (2,132-metre) mountain summit located within Olympic National Park in Clallam County of Washington state. Mt. Carrie is the highest point in the Bailey Range which is a subrange of the Olympic Mountains. With a good eye and clear weather, the mountain can be seen from the visitor center at Hurricane Ridge. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Mathias (7,156 ft) which is an outlier of Mount Olympus, 6.24 mi (10.04 km) to the south. Due to heavy winter snowfalls, Mount Carrie supports the Carrie Glacier in its northeast cirque, and Fairchild Glacier on the east slope. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Elwha River and Hoh River. There is a scrambling route via the High Divide Trail and Cat Walk.
Negrine District
Negrine District is a district of Tébessa Province, Algeria. 
The district population in 1998 was 14815 inhabitants and has an elevation of 321m above sea level and is located  near the Chott el Ghasa.

The district is further divided into 2 municipalities:

Negrine

Ferkane

34°29′09″N 7°31′14″E﻿ / ﻿34.4857°N 7.5205°E﻿ / 34.4857; 7.5205

Negrine
Negrine is a town and commune in Tébessa Province in north-eastern Algeria. It was the site of ancient Casae Nigrae, a settlement of Roman North Africa with an attached bishopric that remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
Cooper baronets
There have been nine baronetcies created for persons with the surname Cooper, one in the Baronetage of England, one in the Baronetage of Ireland and seven in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.

Cooper baronets of Rockbourne (1622): see the Earl of Shaftesbury

Cooper baronets of Dublin (1758): see Sir William Cooper, 1st Baronet (c. 1689–1761)

Cooper baronets of Gadebridge (1821): see Astley-Cooper baronets

Cooper baronets of Walcot (1828): see Sir John Hutton Cooper, 1st Baronet (1765–1828)

Cooper baronets of Woollahra (1863)

Cooper baronets of Hursley (1905)

Cooper baronets of Shenstone Court (1905)

Cooper baronets of Berrydown Court (1920): see Sir Edward Ernest Cooper, 1st Baronet (1848–1922)

Cooper baronets of Singleton (1941): see Sir (Francis) D'Arcy Cooper, 1st Baronet (1882–1941)

Astley-Cooper baronets
The Cooper, later Paston-Cooper, later Astley-Cooper Baronetcy, of Gadebridge in the County of Hertford, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 31 August 1821 for the noted surgeon and anatomist Astley Cooper, with remainder, in default of male issue, to his nephew Astley Paston Cooper, third son of his elder brother Reverend Samuel Lovick Cooper, who succeeded as second Baronet in 1841. The third and fourth Baronets used the surname of Paston-Cooper. The sixth Baronet used the surname of Astley-Cooper, which is also used by the seventh Baronet and (as of 2026) present holder of the title.
Jay David Bolter
Jay David Bolter (born August 17, 1951) is the Wesley Chair of New Media and a professor in the School of Literature, Media, and Communication at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His areas of study include the evolution of media, the use of technology in education, and the role of computers in the writing process. More recently, he has conducted research in the area of augmented reality and mixed media.  Bolter collaborates with researchers in the Augmented Environments Lab, co-directed with Blair MacIntyre, to create apps for entertainment, cultural heritage and education for smart phones and tablets.  This supports his theory regarding remediation where he discusses "all media functions as remediators and that remediation offers us a means of interpreting the work of earlier media as well" (Bolter & Grusin, 2000, p. 55).

School of Literature, Media, and Communication
The School of Literature, Media, and Communication (LMC) is one of six units of the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The School focuses primarily on interdisciplinary approaches to the humanities, social sciences, and science/technology to provide "Humanistic Perspectives in a Technological World."
Biserujka
Biserujka, also known as Omišaljska špilja, Vitezić špilja or Slivanjska jama is a cave located 6 km northeast of Dobrinj, in the village of Rudine, above the Slivanjska Bay, in the island of Krk, Croatia.

An undistinguished stone house in the middle of a bare karst landscape hides the entrance to a cave 12 m under the surface. Although it is not very long if compared to other caves, only 110 m deep, the Biserujka cave has everything that is characteristic of karst phenomena. It has typical features such as stalactites and stalagmites, and also a gallery or hall, which is suitable for the holding of concerts. However, because of the low temperature, about 13 °C, people cannot stand being there for long periods of time, so only short musical pieces are performed. Since 1998, the cave has been arranged for sightseeing and the hosts can take groups of 25 at a time.

Rudine, Krk
Rudine is a hamlet on the northern end of the Croatian island of Krk, to the north of the Soline Bay. It is part of the municipality of Dobrinj. As of 2021, it had 5 inhabitants. Rudine is best known for the Biserujka cave.
Gauss–Bonnet theorem
In differential geometry, the Gauss–Bonnet theorem (or Gauss–Bonnet formula) is a fundamental formula which links the curvature of a surface to its underlying topology.

In the simplest application, the case of a triangle on a plane, the sum of its angles is 180 degrees. The Gauss–Bonnet theorem extends this to more complicated shapes and curved surfaces, connecting the local and global geometries.

The theorem is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, who developed a version but never published it, and Pierre Ossian Bonnet, who published a special case in 1848.

Surface (topology)
In topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.

Topological surfaces are sometimes equipped with additional information, such as a Riemannian metric or a complex structure, that connects them to other disciplines within mathematics, such as differential geometry and complex analysis. The various mathematical notions of surface can be used to model surfaces in the physical world.
Melissa Aviles-Ramos
Melissa Aviles-Ramos is an American educator whom served as the 32nd New York City Schools Chancellor. She previously served as Deputy Chancellor for family and community engagement and external affairs at the NYC DOE, and replaced David C. Banks following his resignation. She was replaced with Kamar Samuels, who currently serves the role under Zohran Mamdani.

New York City Schools Chancellor
The New York City Schools chancellor (formally the chancellor of the New York City Department of Education) is the head of the New York City Department of Education. The chancellor is appointed by the mayor, and serves at the mayor's pleasure. The chancellor is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the department as well as responsible of all New York City Public Schools. The chancellor is also a member of the New York City Panel for Educational Policy (formerly the New York City Board of Education). The current chancellor is Kamar Samuels.
Mike Erickson
Michael Kurtis Erickson (born January 27, 1963) is an American businessman and political candidate in the U.S. state of Oregon. Erickson has been the Republican nominee for the United States House of Representatives four times, losing each time: in Oregon's 6th congressional district in 2022 and 2024, and in Oregon's 5th congressional district in 2006 and 2008.

2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the six U.S. representatives from the state of Oregon, one from each of the state's six congressional districts. Primaries for these seats were held on May 17, 2022. The elections coincided with the elections and primaries of other federal and state offices.

District boundaries were redrawn to ensure that the districts are apportioned based on data from the 2020 United States census, which added a sixth seat to Oregon's delegation. Democrats won the new sixth district, but Republicans gained Oregon's fifth district, leaving the congressional delegation with a four to two party split in favor of the Democrats. This was the first time since 1994 that Republicans won more than one House seat in Oregon.
Cavalier, North Dakota
Cavalier is the largest city in Pembina County, North Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of Pembina County. The population was 1,246 at the 2020 census. Cavalier was founded in 1875 and became the county seat in 1911. Icelandic State Park is located 6 miles west of Cavalier, is also home to Lake Renwick.

Although there's the county to the west of Pembina named Cavalier County, Cavalier is not located in nearby Cavalier County. The Tongue River flows past Cavalier and Cavalier Space Force Station is located approximately 14 miles southwest of the city.

Tongue River (North Dakota)
The Tongue River is a 90.4-mile-long (145.5 km) tributary of the Pembina River in northeastern North Dakota in the United States. It drains an area of the prairie country near the Canada–US border in the extreme northeast corner of the state in the watershed of the Red River.

It rises in eastern Cavalier County and flows in a direct course east-northeast into Pembina County, passing the towns of Cavalier, Neche and Bathgate. It joins the Pembina from the south approximately 2 miles (3 km) upstream from the mouth of the Pembina on the Red River.

Upstream of Cavalier, the river passes through Icelandic State Park, where Renwick Dam causes it to form Lake Renwick.  Below the dam, foot trails follow the river in the Gunlogson Arboretum Nature Preserve.