hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gustaf Wrede
Gustaf Woldemar Wrede af Elimä (28 July 1889 – 17 February 1958) was a Finnish Freiherr, engineer and businessman. He is best known for his contribution to Finnish tractor production.

Wrede was born to influential Finnish industrialist Wrede family; his father Freiherr Carolus Wrede worked as manager in number of Finnish engineering companies. Due to his background, Wrede got a good education and subsequently a good position in his father's company, in which he designed Kullervo tractor.

As manager of AB Dalsbruk Wrede grew a hardy manager who saved the company from closure and developed the production. During World War II Wrede led the nickel mining company Petsamon Nikkeli Oy. After the war he led the metal industry production for war reparations to the Soviet Union. As manager of Valmet, Wrede participated in developing of Valmet tractors.

Valmet tractor
Valmet (originally Valtion Metallitehtaat - State Metalworks) was a company formed in 1951, when the country of Finland decided to group their various factories working on war reparations to the Soviet Union under one company, Valmet. The factories within the group produce a wide array of products including aeroplanes, road vehicles, locomotives, weapons manufacturing and everyday household appliances. Numerous parts of the company have since been sold or merged with other companies specializing in their own fields of trade and manufacture. Valmet itself was a brand of Metso Corporation, but was spun off to a separate company in December 2013. Tractors have been produced by Valmet, both in Brazil and Finland. The brand name now in use is Valtra. The tractor business, though still located in Finland, is owned by AGCO.
Dai Collier
David John Collier MM (12 April 1894 – 30 November 1972) was a Welsh semi-professional football inside right who played in the Football League for Grimsby Town. He finished his career with Barry, playing more than 65 times for the club. He scored on his only cap for Wales, in a 2–1 British Home Championship win over Scotland on 12 February 1921.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
Hollywood Sikh Temple
Hollywood Sikh Temple, also known as Hollywood Sikh Gurdwara and Vermont Gurdwara, is a Sikh temple located at 1966 N Vermont Avenue and 4624–4636 W. Finley Avenue in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Originally opened in an existing structure in 1969, the current temple was built in 1996 and declared a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 2023.

Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument
Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments are sites which have been designated by the Los Angeles, California, Cultural Heritage Commission as worthy of preservation based on architectural, historic and cultural criteria.
Fogo Island (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Fogo Island (Fogo, Portuguese for "Fire") is the largest of the offshore islands of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It lies off the northeast coast of Newfoundland, northwest of Musgrave Harbour across Hamilton Sound, just east of the Change Islands. The island is about 25 km (16 mi) long and 14 km (8.7 mi) wide. The total area is 237.71 km2 (91.78 sq mi). On March 1, 2011, the Town of Fogo Island was incorporated, encompassing the former communities of Fogo, Joe Batt's Arm-Barr'd Islands-Shoal Bay, Seldom-Little Seldom, Tilting, and previously unincorporated areas of Fogo Island.

Tilting, Newfoundland and Labrador
Tilting is a community on the eastern end of Fogo Island off the northeast coast of Newfoundland. It was incorporated as a town before becoming part of the Town of Fogo Island through an amalgamation in 2011. The community has been designated as a National Historic Site of Canada, and has also been designated as a Registered Heritage District by the Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Tilting is noted for the large number of traditional Newfoundland fishing structures and houses, many of which have been restored in recent years. The community is noteworthy for the longevity of its Irish culture and dialect. It was first settled in the 1720s, though French fishers knew of, and used, Tilting as a summer fishing base from the 16th century until the early 18th century.
North Sea Fleet
The North Sea Fleet (NSF; 北海舰队), concurrently the Northern Theater Command Navy (北部战区海军), is one of the three fleets of China's People's Liberation Army Navy. Headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong, the fleet provides naval forces to the Northern Theater Command.

In September 1950, the Qingdao Army Base was redesignated as a naval base. Following the departure of the Soviet Navy from Lüshunkou (Port Arthur), the North Sea Fleet was established in 1960 with naval bases in Qingdao and Lüshunkou.

The fleet currently includes China's first aircraft carrier, Liaoning, as well as nuclear-powered attack and missile submarines.

The North Sea Fleet was historically the most capable of the Navy's three fleets, being the first in China to operate destroyers, shore-based missiles and nuclear submarines. In recent years however, the shift in strengthening of importance and strategic capabilities of the East and South Sea Fleets are more prioritised.

East Sea Fleet
The Eastern Theater Command Navy (东部战区海军, ETCN) is a formation of China's People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) and the naval component of the Eastern Theater Command. The ETCN was reorganized from the East Sea Fleet (ESF) by 2016.

Currently Wang Zhongcai is the commander of the ESF and Mei Wen it's political commissar.
Gerry Phillips
Gerry Phillips (born September 11, 1940) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario who represented the eastern Toronto riding of Scarborough—Agincourt from 1987 to 2011. He served as a cabinet minister in the governments of David Peterson and Dalton McGuinty.

David Peterson
David Robert Peterson PC OOnt ECO KC (born December 28, 1943) is a Canadian lawyer and former politician who served as the 20th premier of Ontario from 1985 to 1990. He was the first Liberal officeholder in 42 years, ending the so-called Tory dynasty.
Theory of two-level planning
The theory of two-level planning (alternatively, Kornai–Liptak decomposition) is a method that  decomposes large problems of linear optimization into sub-problems. This decomposition simplifies the solution of the overall problem. The method also models a method of coordinating economic decisions so that decentralized firms behave so as to produce a global optimum.  It was introduced by the Hungarian economist János Kornai and the mathematician Tamás Lipták in 1965.  It is an alternative to Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition.

Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition
Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition is an algorithm for solving (mixed integer) linear programming problems by exploiting their structure.  It was originally developed by George Dantzig and Philip Wolfe and initially published in 1960. Many texts on linear programming have sections dedicated to discussing this decomposition algorithm. Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition can be used to improve the tractability of large-scale linear programs or create a tighter linear relaxation of mixed integer linear programs.
Nadezhda von Meck
Nadezhda Filaretovna von Meck (Russian: Надежда Филаретовна фон Мекк; 10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1831 – 13 January 1894) was a Russian businesswoman who became an influential patron of the arts, especially music. She is best known today for her artistic relationship with Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, supporting him financially for thirteen years, so that he could devote himself full-time to composition, while stipulating that they were never to meet. Tchaikovsky dedicated his Symphony No. 4 in F minor to her. She also gave financial support to several other musicians, including Nikolai Rubinstein and Claude Debussy.

Nikolai Rubinstein
Nikolai Grigoryevich Rubinstein (Russian: Николай Григорьевич Рубинштейн; 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1835 – 23 March [O.S. 11 March] 1881) was a Russian pianist, conductor, and composer. He was the younger brother of Anton Rubinstein and a close friend of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.
HOT-17
HOT-17, also known as 4-sec-butylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-N-hydroxyphenethylamine or as N-hydroxy-2C-T-17, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and HOT-x families. It is the N-hydroxy derivative of 2C-T-17. The drug is taken orally.

2C-T-17
2C-T-17, also known as 4-sec-butylthio-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine or as Nimitz, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is taken orally.

2C-T-17 was first described in the scientific literature by Alexander Shulgin and colleagues in 1991. Shortly after this, Shulgin described 2C-T-17 in greater detail in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).
Arkansas Highway 182
Arkansas Highway 182 (AR 182, Ark. 182, and Hwy. 182) is the designation for a state highway in the U.S. state of Arkansas. The highway itself is split into two sections, both of which are mainly located in southwest Arkansas. The first section begins at U.S. Route 70 (US 70) just east of Welsh, and ends at AR 84 in Amity. The second section begins at AR 51 in Okolona, and ends at US 67 and AR 53 in Gurdon.

U.S. Route 70 in Arkansas
U.S. Route 70 (US 70) runs east–west through across the heart of Arkansas for 287.2 miles (462.2 km). US 70 enters the state from Oklahoma west of De Queen, and exits to Tennessee at Memphis, running concurrently with Interstate 55 (I-55), US 61, US 64, US 78, and US 79. The highway passes through the major cities of Hot Springs, Little Rock, North Little Rock, and West Memphis.

Between Oklahoma and Hot Springs National Park, US 70 is largely rural and two-lane. The route bypasses much of the city to the south and then serves as the arterial road between Hot Springs National Park and Little Rock. The highway runs concurrently with I-30 between a place north of Haskell to southwestern Little Rock, where it splits to traverse through downtown Little Rock and North Little Rock. Between North Little Rock and its merge into I-55 at West Memphis, the route is principally two-lane and has been supplanted by I-40, which always runs within a few miles of the highway.
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
Johann Sebastian Bach wrote his fifth Brandenburg Concerto, BWV 1050.2 (formerly 1050), for harpsichord, flute and violin as soloists, and an orchestral accompaniment consisting of strings and continuo. An early version of the concerto, BWV 1050.1 (formerly 1050a), originated in the late 1710s. On 24 March 1721 Bach dedicated the final form of the concerto to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg.

Brandenburg Concertos
The Brandenburg Concertos (BWV 1046–1051) by Johann Sebastian Bach are a collection of six instrumental works presented by Bach to Christian Ludwig, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, in 1721 (though probably composed earlier). The original French title is Six Concerts avec plusieurs instruments, meaning "Six Concertos for several instruments". Some of the pieces feature several solo instruments in combination. They are widely regarded as some of the greatest orchestral compositions of the Baroque era.
HOT-2
HOT-2, also known as 4-ethylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-N-hydroxyphenethylamine or as N-hydroxy-2C-T-2, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and HOT-x families. It is the N-hydroxy derivative of 2C-T-2. The drug is taken orally.

2C-T-2
2C-T-2, also known as 4-ethylthio-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is taken orally.

The drug acts as a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.

2C-T-2 was discovered by Alexander Shulgin in 1981 and was first described in the scientific literature by Myron Stolaroff in 1990.
Andreas Karaczay
Andreas Karaczay de Vályeszáka or Andreas Karaiczay de Wallje Szaka or András Karacsaj de Válje-Szaka (Croatian: Andrija Karadžić;
Serbian: Андрија Караџић; 30 November 1744 – 22 March 1808) served in the Austrian army beginning in the Seven Years' War. In 1788–90, he fought in the Austro-Turkish War at Khotyn, Valea Seacă, Focșani, and Rymnik. In 1789 he was promoted to general officer, appointed Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian cavalry regiment, and became a friend to the famous Russian General Alexander Suvorov. He fought in the French Revolutionary Wars until 1795 when he retired because of "war fatigue". Suvorov recalled him to action in 1799 when he fought at the Trebbia, Alessandria, and Novi. He led the Austrians at Second Novi. After being badly wounded at Stockach in 1800, he retired from his military offices in 1801.

Battle of Focșani
The Battle of Focșani (also Battle of Fokschani or Battle of Focsani; Hungarian: Foksányi csata) took place during the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) on 1 August 1789 (Old Style 21 July) between the Ottoman Empire and the alliance of the Russian Empire and the Habsburg monarchy near Focșani, Moldavia (now in Romania). The Russians were led by Alexander Suvorov, the Austrians by Prince Josias of Coburg, and the Ottomans by Grand Vizier Koca Yusuf Pasha.

The Austrian army numbered 18,000 Austrian and Hungarian troops. The Russian contingent was made up of 7,000 soldiers. The Ottomans mustered ca. 30,000 soldiers.

The allies stormed the Ottoman entrenched camp and drove the Turks out of Moldavia.
Binions v Evans
Binions v Evans [1972] EWCA Civ 6 is an English land law and English trusts law case, concerning a constructive trust of land (a home) which will often be irrevocable whilst the occupier is in occupation as opposed to a licence to occupy — and/or a tenancy at will which is similar save that without transfer of the underlying property it can be revoked without cause. The case hinged on the fact there was an agreement specifying the existing occupier was to remain.

Bannister v Bannister (1948) 2 All ER 133 was followed and approved.

Bannister v Bannister
Bannister v Bannister [1948] 2 All ER 133 is an English trusts law case, upholding a constructive trust of land against a relative who took title to the land, with a promise back to the transferor she could remain in her cottage for life.
Amorpha apiculata
Amorpha apiculata is a species of papilionate leguminous shrub known commonly as the Baja California false-indigo. It is a very rare narrow endemic only found in the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir and its western foothills. It is characterized by a white vexillum, a smooth, hairless fruit and spine-like glands. It is closely related to Amorpha californica.

Amorpha californica
Amorpha californica is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name California false indigo.

It is native to California, Arizona, and northern Baja California, where it grows in the California chaparral and woodlands and other chaparral and oak woodlands habitats. It is generally considered an understory plant.
D52 road (Croatia)
D52 state road, located in Lika region of Croatia connecting cities and towns of Otočac and Korenica, to the state road network of Croatia, and to  A1 motorway at Otočac interchange (via D50. The road is 41.1 km (25.5 mi) long.

The D50 state road runs parallel to a section of the A1 motorway between Žuta Lokva and Sveti Rok interchanges, thus serving as an alternate or backup route for the motorway.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

D50 road
D50 state road, located mainly in Lika region of Croatia connecting cities and towns of Otočac, Gospić, Perušić and Gračac, to the state road network of Croatia, and most notably to  A1 motorway at a number of interchanges - Otočac and Sveti Rok interchanges (directly) and Gospić and Gornja Ploča interchanges (via D534 and D522 state roads respectively). The road is 104.2 km (64.7 mi) long. The route comprises a significant number of urban intersections, in segment of the road running through Gospić.

The D50 state road runs parallel to a section of the A1 motorway between Žuta Lokva and Sveti Rok interchanges, thus serving as an alternate or backup route for the motorway.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.
Samson Kisekka
Samson Babi Mululu Kisekka (23 June 1912 – 25 October 1999) was a Ugandan politician who was Prime Minister of Uganda from 1986 to 1991 and the fifth Vice President of Uganda from 1991 to 1994. He also worked as a medical doctor and diplomat. He was closely associated with Yoweri Museveni.

Prime Minister of Uganda
The prime minister of Uganda chairs the Cabinet of Uganda, although the president is the effective head of government. The prime minister is appointed by the president with the approval of Parliament.

Robinah Nabbanja has been the prime minister since 21 June 2021.
The Story of Light (Steve Vai album)
The Story of Light "Real Illusions: ...of a..." is the eighth studio album by guitarist Steve Vai, released on August 14, 2012 through Favored Nations Entertainment. It is Vai's first studio album since 2005's Real Illusions: Reflections. On May 23, 2012 The Story of Light was made available for pre-order through Vai's official website with an instant download of "Gravity Storm". The track "John the Revelator" contains a sample of Blind Willie Johnson's recording of the same song. "The Moon and I" was initially released as a VaiTunes digital only single in 2010. However, due to the personal nature of the song, Vai decided to remix it and include it on the album.
The album debuted on Billboard 200 at No. 78.

Real Illusions: Reflections
Real Illusions: Reflections is the seventh studio album by guitarist Steve Vai, released on February 22, 2005, through Epic Records. The album reached No. 147 on the U.S. Billboard 200, as well as No. 88 on the Dutch albums chart and No. 110 on the French albums chart.

Described by Vai as "rock fable", Real Illusions: Reflections is the first part of a three-part concept album about a town visited by the godsent Pamposh and his construction of the Church. "Lotus Feet", purposely designated as track seven (see The Seventh Song) and recorded live during three separate concerts in the Netherlands during Vai's 2004 "Aching Hunger Tour", was nominated for Best Rock Instrumental Performance at the 2006 Grammy Awards. Vai cites Bulgarian wedding music as having inspired "Freak Show Excess".
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics
The Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics (JACMP) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on applied clinical medical physics. It was established in 2000 as one of the first gold Open Access journals in the field. JACMP is one of two official journals of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), the other being Medical Physics. JACMP is similar in scope to Medical Physics, but has a clinical emphasis.

The editor-in-chief is Michael D Mills (University of Louisville).

JACMP and Medical Physics have SCImago Journal Rank indicators (H-Indices) of 59 and 208, respectively.

Medical Physics (journal)
Medical Physics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on medical physics. The first issue was published in January 1974. Medical Physics is an official journal of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, the Canadian Organization of Medical Physicists, the Canadian College of Physicists in Medicine and the International Organization for Medical Physics. The editor-in-chief is John M. Boone (UC Davis Medical Center).

In 2013, the journal announced that it was changing from a traditional to a hybrid open-access format. In 2017, the journal transferred from being published by the American Institute of Physics to Wiley.
Poems (Tennyson, 1842)
Poems, by Alfred Tennyson, was a two-volume 1842 collection in which new poems and reworked older ones were printed in separate volumes.  It includes some of Tennyson's finest and best-loved poems, such as Mariana, The Lady of Shalott, The Palace of Art, The Lotos Eaters, Ulysses, Locksley Hall, The Two Voices, Sir Galahad, and Break, Break, Break.  It helped to establish his reputation as one of the greatest poets of his time.

The Palace of Art
"The Palace of Art" is an 1832 (revised 1842) poem by Alfred Tennyson. In the poem a man constructs a palace of art for his soul with any amount of art. The art of the palace and its gardens deals with sacred, secular and irreligious themes, the moral value appears irrelevant and only the artistic value matters. The builder converses figuratively with his soul, referred to as she from the Latin anima. The builder's soul at first likes the palace but later tires of it and asks for a cottage where she can purge her guilt.
Cindy Friedman
Cindy F. Friedman is an American politician currently serving as a state senator representing the 4th Middlesex District in the Massachusetts Senate. Friedman's district comprises Arlington, Billerica, Burlington, Lexington (precincts 1 and 2 and 4 to 7), and Woburn. She has been serving since 2017. Prior to becoming a state senator, Friedman worked as a public school teacher and as a senior manager in the high-tech industry and later served for nearly a decade as chief of staff to the late state senator Ken Donnelly. During her first term, Friedman served as the Senate Chair of the Joint Committee on Mental Health, Substance Use and Recovery. For the 191st General Court, Friedman serves as the Senate Chair of the Joint Committee on Health Care Financing and is vice chair of the Senate Committee on Ways and Means.

Ken Donnelly
Kenneth J. Donnelly (July 15, 1950 – April 2, 2017) was a Massachusetts state senator for the Fourth Middlesex district, which included his hometown of Arlington and several other cities. He was a Democrat who served from 2009 to 2017.

Donnelly graduated from the University of Massachusetts Amherst with a BA degree in Labor Studies.

He was a retired lieutenant with the Lexington Fire Department in Lexington, Massachusetts.

On June 17, 2014, Donnelly endorsed fellow Democrat Don Berwick in the Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2014.

Donnelly died on April 2, 2017, in Arlington, Massachusetts, from complications of a brain tumor, aged 66.
Fearn railway station
Fearn railway station is a railway station serving the village of Hill of Fearn in the Highland council area of Scotland, located around 1.3 miles (2.1 km) from the village. It is situated on the Far North Line, 40 miles 60 chains (65.6 km) form Inverness, between Tain and Invergordon, and is also the nearest station to Balintore, Hilton and Shandwick (the Seaboard Villages), Portmahomack and the Nigg Bay area of Easter Ross. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

Inverness railway station
Inverness railway station serves the city of Inverness, in the Highlands of Scotland. It is the terminus of the Highland Main Line, the Aberdeen–Inverness line (of which the Inverness and Nairn Railway is now a part), the Kyle of Lochalsh line and the Far North Line.

The Aberdeen and Perth lines diverge at Millburn Junction, a short distance beyond Welsh's Bridge. Platforms 1–4 are 118 miles 3 chains (190 km) from Perth, via Carrbridge); Millburn Junction is 117 miles 37 chains (189 km) from Perth and 143 miles 39 chains (231 km) via Dava.