hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shannon Powell
Shannon Powell (born April 8, 1962) is an American jazz and ragtime drummer. He has toured internationally and played with Ellis Marsalis, Harry Connick, Jr., Danny Barker, Branford Marsalis, Wynton Marsalis and the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra, Diana Krall, Earl King, Dr. John,  Preservation Hall, Marcus Roberts, John Scofield, Jason Marsalis, Leroy Jones, Nicholas Payton, and Donald Harrison Jr. Powell toured and recorded with fellow New Orleans native, Harry Connick Jr.

Wynton Marsalis
Wynton Learson Marsalis (born October 18, 1961) is an American trumpeter, composer, and music instructor, who is currently the artistic director of Jazz at Lincoln Center. He has been active in promoting classical and jazz music, often to young audiences. Marsalis has won nine Grammy Awards, and his 1997 oratorio Blood on the Fields was the first jazz composition to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Marsalis is the only musician to have won a Grammy Award in both jazz and classical categories in the same year.
Qijianglong
Qijianglong is a genus of herbivorous mamenchisaurid sauropod dinosaurs. It is known from the Suining Formation of China, which is of a debated age (reported as Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous using different methods). The genus contains a single species, Qijianglong guokr, known from a partial skeleton including cranial bones, most of the neck and tail, and other associated elements.

Mamenchisauridae
Mamenchisauridae is a family of sauropod dinosaurs belonging to the Eusauropoda known from the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Asia and Africa. Mamenchisaurids are characterized by their proportionately extremely long necks. Some members of the group reached gigantic sizes, amongst the largest of all sauropods.
Makassar War
Makassar War (Dutch: Makassar-oorlog), also known as the conquest of Makassar (Dutch: Verovering van Makassar), was a conflict between the Gowa Sultanate and Dutch East India Company supported by its local ally, Sultanate of Bone, lasted from 24 November 1666 to 24 June 1669. The war resulted in Gowa's defeat by the VOC–Bone alliance, emphasized by the signing of the Treaty of Bungaya, which led the maritime empire of the Makassans fell—replaced by Bone as a dominated polity in South Sulawesi.

Bone State
Bone (also Boni, or Bone Saoraja) or Bone State was a sultanate in the south-west peninsula of what is now Sulawesi (formerly Celebes), a province of modern-day Indonesia. It came under Dutch rule in 1905, and was succeeded by the Bone Regency.

Covering an area of 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi), Bone's chief town Boni, lay 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of the city of Makassar, home to the Bugis people.
Michael Brame
Michael K. Brame (January 27, 1944 – August 16, 2010) was an American linguist. He served as a professor at the University of Washington and was the founding editor of the peer-reviewed research journal, Linguistic Analysis. Brame's work focused on the development of recursive categorical syntax, also referred to as algebraic syntax, which integrated principles from algebra and category theory to analyze sentence structure and linguistic relationships. His framework challenged conventional transformational grammar by advocating for a lexicon-centered approach and emphasizing the connections between words and phrases. Additionally, Brame collaborated with his wife on research investigating the identity of the author behind the name "William Shakespeare", resulting in several publications.

Transformational grammar
In linguistics, transformational grammar (TG) or transformational-generative grammar (TGG) was the earliest model of grammar proposed within the research tradition of generative grammar. Like current generative theories, it treated grammar as a system of formal rules that generate all and only grammatical sentences of a given language. What was distinctive about transformational grammar was that it posited transformation rules that mapped a sentence's deep structure to its pronounced form. For example, in many variants of transformational grammar, the English active voice sentence "Emma saw Daisy" and its passive counterpart "Daisy was seen by Emma" share a common deep structure generated by phrase structure rules, differing only in that the latter's structure is modified by a passivization transformation rule.
Fuzion Frenzy
Fuzion Frenzy is a 2001 party video game developed by Blitz Games and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox. The game is a four-player party game featuring 45 different minigames. Developed as a launch title for the Xbox in the United States, Fuzion Frenzy was the first game mastered for the console and developed to fill the niche for a party game in its launch strategy. The game was released to mixed to average reviews, with critics praising the game's accessibility and visual presentation as an early showcase of the capabilities of the Xbox, whilst faulting the game's repetition and limited variety of minigames. Fuzion Frenzy was a moderate commercial success, although slow initial sales led Microsoft Game Studios to discontinue work by Blitz Games on a sequel for the Xbox. A sequel developed by Hudson Soft for the Xbox 360, Fuzion Frenzy 2, was later released in 2007.

Party video game
A party video game is a genre of video game that stems from in-person party games, involving player-to-player interaction as the central gameplay element. These games are often defined by simple controls which can be easily picked up and understood by players of any skill level.

Party video games generally consist of short-term experiences which may be played in succession, and are sometimes characterized in the form of minigames. These experiences may be played singularly or in a group, and usually feature several players competing simultaneously.
Thelma Golden
Thelma Golden (born September 22, 1965) is an American art curator, who is the director and chief curator of The Studio Museum in Harlem, New York City. She is noted as one of the originators of the term post-blackness. From 2017 to 2020, ArtReview chose her annually as one of the 10 most influential people in the contemporary art world.

From 1991 to 1998, Golden was a curator at the Whitney Museum of American Art, where she gained a reputation for promoting young black conceptual artists. In her 1993 biennial and her 1994 exhibition Black Male, she introduced political and controversial works into the Whitney's collection. Golden joined the Studio Museum as Deputy Director for Exhibitions and Programs in 2000 before succeeding Lowery Stokes Sims, the museum's former director and president, in 2005.

Lowery Stokes Sims
Lowery Stokes Sims (born 1949) is an American art historian and curator of modern and contemporary art. She is known for her expertise in the work of African, African American, Latinx, Native and Asian American artists such as Wifredo Lam, Fritz Scholder, Romare Bearden, Joyce J. Scott and others. She served on the curatorial staff of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Studio Museum in Harlem, and the Museum of Arts and Design. She has frequently served as a guest curator, lectured internationally and published extensively, and has received many public appointments. Sims was featured in the 2010 documentary film !Women Art Revolution.
Office of the Dead
The Office of the Dead or Office for the Dead (in Latin, Officium Defunctorum) is a prayer cycle of the Canonical Hours in the Catholic Church, Anglican Church and Lutheran Church, said for the repose of the soul of a decedent.  It is the proper reading on All Souls' Day (normally November 2) for all departed souls, and can be a votive office on other days when said for a particular decedent. The work is composed of different psalms, scripture, prayers and other parts, divided into The Office of Readings, Lauds, Daytime Prayer, Vespers and Compline.

Matins
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning (between midnight and dawn).

The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of Lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders). It was divided into two or (on Sundays) three nocturns. Outside of monasteries, it was generally recited at other times of the day, often in conjunction with lauds.
Redding Regional Airport
Redding Regional Airport (IATA: RDD, ICAO: KRDD, FAA LID: RDD), formerly Redding Municipal Airport, is 6 mi (5.2 nmi; 9.7 km) southeast of Redding in Shasta County, California, United States. It is one of two airports in Redding, along with Benton Airpark. In addition to general aviation, the airport has scheduled passenger flights nonstop to and from Los Angeles (LAX) and San Francisco (SFO) on United Express Canadair CRJ200, CRJ700 and Embraer 175 regional jets, and Alaska Airlines Embraer 175 service to Seattle (SEA).

San Francisco International Airport
San Francisco International Airport (IATA: SFO, ICAO: KSFO, FAA LID: SFO) is the primary international airport serving the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California. Owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco, the airport has a San Francisco mailing address and ZIP Code, although it is situated in an unincorporated area of neighboring San Mateo County, approximately 12 miles (19 km; 10 nmi) southeast of  San Francisco.

SFO is the largest airport in the Bay Area and the second-busiest in California, following Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). In 2025, it ranked as the 13th-busiest airport in the United States and the 31th-busiest in the world by passenger traffic. It is a hub for United Airlines, acting as the airline's primary transpacific gateway and as a major maintenance facility. Additionally, SFO functions as a hub for Alaska Airlines.
Explorer 33
Explorer 33, also known as IMP-D and AIMP-1, is a spacecraft in the Explorer program launched by NASA on 1 July 1966 on a mission of scientific exploration. It was the fourth satellite launched as part of the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform series, and the first of two "Anchored IMP" spacecraft to study the environment around Earth at lunar distances, aiding the Apollo program. It marked a departure in design from its predecessors, IMP-A (Explorer 18) through IMP-C (Explorer 28). Explorer 35 (AIMP-E, AIMP 2) was the companion spacecraft to Explorer 33 in the Anchored IMP program, but Explorer 34 (IMP-F) was the next spacecraft to fly, launching about two months before AIMP-E, both in 1967.

Explorer 18
Explorer 18, also called IMP-A, IMP-1, Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-1 and S-74, was a NASA satellite launched as part of the Explorer program. Explorer 18 was launched on 27 November 1963 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Florida, with a Thor-Delta C launch vehicle. Explorer 18 was the first satellite of the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP). Explorer 21 (IMP-B) launched in October 1964 and Explorer 28 (IMP-C) launched in May 1965 also used the same general spacecraft design.
Dušan Vlahović
Dušan Vlahović (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан Влаховић; born 28 January 2000) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Serie A club Juventus and the Serbia national team.

Graduating from Partizan's youth system, Vlahović made his first-team debut in 2016, winning a league title and two Serbian Cups. He moved to Italian club Fiorentina in 2018. With 21 league goals in the 2020–21 Serie A, Vlahović was awarded Serie A Best Young Player. After an impressive goalscoring form in the first half of 2021–22, Italian rivals Juventus signed him in January 2022 for a reported fee of €70 million. He won the Coppa Italia with the club in 2024, scoring the only goal in the final.

Vlahović is a former Serbia youth international, representing his country at various youth levels, before making his senior international debut in 2020 during the UEFA Nations League.

Serie A Awards
The Serie A Awards (Italian: Premi Lega Serie A) are awarded by the Lega Serie A to the best footballers of each Serie A football season.

They were first awarded at the end of the 2018–19 Serie A season.
Kiva (organization)
Kiva Microfunds is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization headquartered in San Francisco, California. Kiva distributes funds that it receives to microfinance institutions, social impact businesses, schools or non-profit organizations and does not generally directly provide funds to specific individuals. These organizations are charged fees by Kiva and borrowers pay interest on most loans.

Kiva is supported by grants, loans, and donations from its users, corporations, and national institutions. Since 2005, Kiva has crowd-funded more than 1.6 million loans, totaling over $1.68 billion, with a repayment rate of 96.3 percent. Over 2 million lenders worldwide use the Kiva platform. An independent review by GiveWell in 2009 failed to find evidence that the organization produces significant social benefit, with at least one partner supposedly vetted by Kiva earning high profits while having a very high recipient drop-out rate.

GiveWell
GiveWell is an American non-profit charity assessment and effective altruism-focused organization. GiveWell focuses primarily on the cost-effectiveness of the organizations that it evaluates, rather than traditional metrics such as the percentage of the organization's budget that is spent on overhead. Since 2011, GiveWell has guided the donations of 150,000 donors and moved $2.6 billion to their recommended organizations. Under their cost-effectiveness estimates, this has averted 340,000 deaths.
Wendy Greuel
Wendy Jane Greuel (born May 23, 1961) is an American politician. She served as Los Angeles City Controller from 2009 to 2013. Greuel was the second woman elected to citywide office in Los Angeles, after her predecessor Laura Chick.

Previously, she served as a member of the Los Angeles City Council from 2002 to 2009, where she served as President Pro Tempore and represented the 2nd District, which includes portions of the San Fernando Valley. Greuel was a candidate for Mayor of Los Angeles in 2013, losing to Eric Garcetti, followed by a loss running for California's 33rd congressional district.

She was the first woman to advance to a Los Angeles mayoral runoff, performing better than previous female candidates Linda Griego in 1993, Kathleen Connell in 2001 and Jan Perry also in 2013.

Los Angeles City Controller
The Los Angeles City Controller is an official in the government of the city of Los Angeles, California. The city controller is the paymaster and chief accounting officer of the city. Along with the mayor and the city attorney, the city controller is chosen by popular vote every four years.

The position began in 1878 as the Los Angeles City Auditor. In the early days, the job included secretarial duties for the Los Angeles Common Council. Upon the re-election of John S. Myers in 1925, when the city approved a new charter, the name of the position was changed to City Controller. In 2000, another update to the city charter added the power and responsibility of conducting "performance audits" of departmental effectiveness.
Group C
Group C was a category of sports car racing introduced by the FIA in 1982 and continuing until 1993, with Group A for touring cars and Group B for GTs.

It was designed to replace both Group 5 special production cars (closed top touring prototypes like Porsche 935) and Group 6 two-seat racing cars (open-top sportscar prototypes like Porsche 936). Group C was used in the FIA's World Endurance Championship (1982–1985), World Sports-Prototype Championship (1986–1990), World Sportscar Championship (1991–1992) and in the European Endurance Championship (1983 only). It was also used for other sports car racing series around the globe (All Japan Sports Prototype Championship, Supercup, Interserie). The final year for the class came in 1993, thereafter being replaced by Group GT1.

Broadly similar rules were used in the North American IMSA Grand Touring Prototype series (GTP).

Group GT1
Group GT1, also known simply as GT1, was a set of regulations maintained formerly by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), for Grand Tourer racing. The category was created in 1993 as the top class of the BPR Global GT Series and was included in the 24 Hours of Le Mans. It fell under FIA regulation from 1997 after the BPR series came under the control of the FIA, becoming known as the FIA GT Championship. The category was dissolved at the beginning of 2012. The category may be split into four distinctive eras, from its debut in 1993–1996, 1997–1998, 2000–2009, 2010–2012.
Groupe antifasciste Lyon et environs
The Groupe antifasciste Lyon et environs (English: Antifascist group of Lyon and surroundings), known as 'La GALE,' is a French far-left antifascist collective founded in October 2013 in Lyon.

Identifying with the autonomous antifascist movement, its orientation is revolutionary and insurrectionalist. It asserts that violence is a legitimate political practice. Its members are predominantly anarchist, with a Marxist-Leninist minority. The group primarily conducts intelligence-gathering on the far-right and engages in direct confrontation with fascist circles, while also involving itself in social struggles.

Dissolved by the government on 30 March 2022, a first for a far-left group since Action Directe in 1982 in France, its dissolution was initially suspended by the Conseil d'État before the latter ultimately validated its legality in November 2023.

Action Directe
Action Directe (French pronunciation: [aksjɔ̃ diʁɛkt]; AD; lit. 'direct action') was a French far-left militant organization which originated in the anti-Franco struggle and the autonomous movement, and was responsible for deadly attacks in France between 1979 and 1987. The French government banned the group. During its existence members murdered 12 people and wounded a further 26. It associated at various times with the Red Brigades (Italy), Red Army Faction (West Germany), Prima Linea (Italy), Armed Nuclei for Popular Autonomy (France), Communist Combatant Cells, Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Factions, Irish National Liberation Army, and others.
Lower Chulym dialect
Lower Chulym is a Turkic dialect of Chulym formerly spoken by the Chulyms on the lower course of the Chulym river and its tributaries, the Kiya and the Yaya in Russia. It went extinct in 2011. It is sometimes grouped with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor, due to similarities.

Shor language
Shor (endonym: шор тили, şor tili; тадар тили, tadar tili), or Kuznets Tatar, is a critically endangered Turkic language spoken by about 2,800 people in a region called Mountain Shoriya, in Kemerovo Oblast in Southwest Siberia, although the entire Shor population in this area is over 12,000 people. Presently, not all ethnic Shors speak Shor and the language suffered a decline from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. During this period the Shor language was neither written nor taught in schools. However, since the 1980s and 1990s there has been a Shor language revival. The language is now taught at the Novokuznetsk branch of the Kemerovo State University.
1988 Yasser Arafat speech to the United Nations General Assembly
In mid December 1988, Palestine Liberation Organisation chairman Yasser Arafat gave a significant speech to the United Nations General Assembly elaborating on the Palestinian Declaration of Independence that had been proclaimed in mid November 1988. As a result of Arafat's speech, the government of the United States of America began direct negotiations with the PLO for the first time.

Palestinian Declaration of Independence
The Palestinian Declaration of Independence formally established the State of Palestine, and was written by Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish and proclaimed by Yasser Arafat on 15 November 1988 (5 Rabiʽ al-Thani 1409) in Algiers, Algeria. It had previously been adopted by the Palestinian National Council (PNC), the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), by a vote of 253 in favour, 46 against, and 10 abstaining. It was read at the closing session of the 19th PNC to a standing ovation. Upon completing the reading of the declaration, Arafat, as chairman of the PLO, assumed the title of President of Palestine. In April 1989, the PLO Central Council elected Arafat as the first president of the State of Palestine.
Leigh Halfpenny
Stephen Leigh Halfpenny (born 22 December 1988) is a Welsh rugby union professional rugby union player who plays fullback or wing for Cardiff in the United Rugby Championship. Halfpenny is the third highest points scorer for Wales after Neil Jenkins and Stephen Jones.

Neil Jenkins
Neil Jenkins, MBE (born 8 July 1971) is a Welsh former rugby union player and current coach. He played fly-half, centre, or full back for Pontypridd, Cardiff, Celtic Warriors, Wales and the British & Irish Lions. Jenkins is Wales' highest ever points-scorer and is the fifth highest on the List of leading rugby union test point scorers. He was the first player to score 1,000 points in international matches.

In 2004, Jenkins joined the coaching staff of the Wales national rugby union team and was the kicking skills coach.
Travel Air Model 11
The Travel Air Model 11, also known as the Travel Air Model 11000 or the Curtiss-Wright Travel Air CW-11, was an American racing biplane developed from the general-purpose Travel Air 2000, and its derivative the Model 4-D. Two examples competed in different events during the 1929 National Air Races, including the inaugural Women's Air Derby. Pioneering woman aviator Marvel Crosson was killed flying a Model 11 in the latter event.

Travel Air 2000
The Travel Air 2000 is an open-cockpit biplane aircraft produced in the United States in the late 1920s by the Travel Air Manufacturing Company. During the period from 1924–1929, Travel Air produced more aircraft than any other American manufacturer, including over 1,000 biplanes. While an exact number is almost impossible to ascertain due to the number of conversions and rebuilds, some estimates for Travel Air as a whole range from 1,200 to nearly 2,000 aircraft.
Lip balm
Lip balm or lip salve is a wax-like substance applied to the lips to moisturize and relieve chapped or dry lips, angular cheilitis, stomatitis, or cold sores. Lip balm often contains beeswax or carnauba wax, camphor, cetyl alcohol, lanolin, paraffin, and petrolatum, among other ingredients. Some varieties contain dyes, flavor, fragrance, phenol, salicylic acid, and sunscreen.

Petroleum jelly
Petroleum jelly, petrolatum (/ˌpɛtrəˈleɪtəm/), white petrolatum, soft paraffin, or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), commonly promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties. Vaseline has been the dominant brand of petroleum jelly sold since 1870.

After petroleum jelly became a medicine-chest staple, consumers began to use it for cosmetic purposes and for many ailments including toenail fungus, genital rashes (non-STI), nosebleeds, diaper rash, and common colds. Its folkloric medicinal value as a "cure-all" has since been limited by a better scientific understanding of appropriate and inappropriate uses. It is widely recognized as a skin protectant and is in common use for cosmetic skin care, where it is often loosely referred to as mineral oil.
Yanbaru whiskered bat
The Yanbaru whiskered bat (Myotis yanbarensis) is a species of vesper bat in the genus Myotis.

It is known only from three islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago, south of Japan, Okinawa (where the Yanbaru forest is situated), Amami Ōshima, and Tokunoshima.
The species has been classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.

Mouse-eared bat
The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (Myotis) of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "myotis" itself is a Neo-Latin construction, from the Greek "muós (meaning "mouse") and "oûs" (meaning ear), literally translating to "mouse-eared".