hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
W. C. Renouf
Winter Charles Renouf CIE (5 March 1868 – 28 June 1954) was a British member of the Indian Civil Service who specialised in agriculture. He was also a justice of the peace in India, official member of the Central Legislative Assembly, and political agent at Bahawalpur. In 1921, he was president of the Cantonment Reforms Committee set up by the Government of India. He retired in 1922.

Renouf was a noted philatelist who was one of the first to take an interest in early Indian postal markings and British Indian stamps used abroad. He edited The Philatelic Journal of India and was Hon. Vice-President of the Philatelic Society of India. In 1921, he signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists. His philatelic work was continued by Jal Cooper and his classification system of Indian postal markings continues to be referred to as "Renouf types".

The Philatelic Society of India
The Philatelic Society of India (PSI) was formed in 1897 by a group of, mainly, expatriate Englishmen resident in the country as the first all-India philatelic society. During its first fifty years the society included most of the important Anglo-Indian philatelists and had a particularly strong publications record with two award-winning books. The society meets every first and third Saturday at the Mumbai G.P.O., convened by Dhirubhai Mehta, President, and D.M. Pittie, Hon. Secretary.
Canadian Pacific 2839
Canadian Pacific 2839, nicknamed Beer Can, is a H1c class 4-6-4 "Royal Hudson" type steam locomotive, built by the Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW) in 1937 and was retired in 1959. It was restored to operating condition in 1979 by the Southern Railway for their steam excursion program and was sold to the Blue Mountain and Reading Railroad before it was retired again in 1985. It is now on static display in Sylmar, California.

Montreal Locomotive Works
Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW) was a Canadian railway locomotive manufacturer that existed under several names from 1883 to 1985, producing both steam and diesel locomotives. For many years it was a subsidiary of the American Locomotive Company. MLW's headquarters and manufacturing facilities were in Montreal’s Hochelaga-Maisonneuve area (with only the 1911 administration building remaining at 1505 Dickson Street).
Richard Goolden
Richard Percy Herbert Goolden, OBE (23 February 1895 – 18 June 1981) was a British actor, most famous for his portrayal of Mole from Kenneth Grahame's 1908 children's book The Wind in the Willows in A A Milne's 1929 stage adaptation, Toad of Toad Hall.

Goolden took up the stage after serving in the army in the First World War. From the start of his career he was cast in character parts, usually elderly. He played more than 500 roles in a career that lasted more than fifty years, and embraced the classics, farce, opera bouffe, radio, films and television. He first played Mole in 1930 and took the part in numerous revivals until his retirement in 1980. He created roles in new plays by Samuel Beckett and Tom Stoppard, and, in his last year, in the radio series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and the television drama Cribb.

A. A. Milne
Alan Alexander Milne (/mɪln/ ⓘ; 18 January 1882 – 31 January 1956) was an English writer best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh, as well as children's poetry. Milne was primarily a playwright before the huge success of Winnie-the-Pooh overshadowed his previous work. He served as a lieutenant in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment in the First World War and as a captain in the Home Guard in the Second World War.

Milne was the father of bookseller Christopher Robin Milne, upon whom the character Christopher Robin is based. It was during a visit to London Zoo, where Christopher became enamoured with the tame and amiable bear Winnipeg, that Milne was inspired to write the story of Winnie-the-Pooh for his son. Milne bequeathed the original manuscripts of the Winnie-the-Pooh stories to the Wren Library at Trinity College, Cambridge, his alma mater.
Sorrento
Sorrento (/səˈrɛntoʊ/ sə-REN-toh; Italian: Sorrento [sorˈrɛnto]; Neapolitan: Surriento [surˈrjendə]; Latin: Surrentum), officially Comune di Sorrento (Municipality of Sorrento) is a city and comune overlooking the Bay of Naples in Southern Italy. A popular tourist destination, Sorrento is located on the Sorrentine Peninsula at the southern terminus of a main branch of the Circumvesuviana rail network, within easy access from Naples and Pompei. The city is widely known for its small ceramics, lacework and marquetry (woodwork) shops.

The Sorrentine Peninsula has views of Naples, Vesuvius and the Isle of Capri. The Amalfi Drive, connecting Sorrento and Amalfi, is a narrow road along the high cliffs above the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Ferries and hydrofoils connect the city to Naples, Amalfi, Positano, Capri and Ischia.

Limoncello, a digestif made from lemon rinds, alcohol, water and sugar, is produced in Sorrento along with citrus fruit, wine, nuts and olives.

Amalfi
Amalfi (UK: /əˈmælfi/, US: /ɑːˈmɑːlfi/, Italian: [aˈmalfi]) is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, in the region of Campania, Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno. It lies at the mouth of a deep ravine, at the foot of Monte Cerreto (1,315 metres, 4,314 feet), surrounded by dramatic cliffs and coastal scenery. The town of Amalfi was the capital of the maritime republic known as the Duchy of Amalfi, an important trading power in the Mediterranean between 839 and around 1200. It has 4,611 inhabitants.

The town became a popular seaside resort beginning in the Edwardian era, with members of the British upper class spending their winters in Amalfi. Amalfi is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Pedestrian crossings in Portland, Oregon
In the American city of Portland, Oregon, pedestrian crossings are managed by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and the Portland Bureau of Transportation (PBOT). There are fewer crosswalks on the city's east side, compared to downtown Portland and centrally located neighborhoods.

Lawsuits have been filed against the city because of deaths at pedestrian crossings, and Portland has seen the installation of artistic crossings as well as guerrilla crosswalks.

Portland Bureau of Transportation
The Portland Bureau of Transportation (or PBOT) is the largest bureau at City of Portland tasked with maintaining the city of Portland's transportation infrastructure. Bureau staff plan, build, manage, and maintain a transportation system with the goal of providing people and businesses access and mobility. The Bureau received significant media coverage in 2017 for employee hazing within its maintenance operations, as well as a bribery scheme between its parking manager and Cale America that span from 2002 to 2011 for which the manager Ellis McCoy was sentenced to two years in federal prison.
Carrbridge Packhorse Bridge
Carrbridge Packhorse Bridge, also known as Coffin Bridge, is a historic packhorse bridge in the village of Carrbridge, in the Scottish Highlands. The bridge was built in 1717 to allow funeral processions to reach Duthil Church by crossing the River Dulnain. The parapets were washed away in the 19th century. In 1971 the bridge became a Category B listed building. It has become a popular tourist attraction.

Packhorse bridge
A packhorse bridge is a bridge intended to carry packhorses (horses loaded with sidebags or panniers) across a river or stream. Typically a packhorse bridge consists of one or more narrow (one horse wide) masonry arches, and has low parapets so as not to interfere with the panniers borne by the horses. Multi-arched examples sometimes have triangular cutwaters that are extended upward to form pedestrian refuges.: 24–25

Packhorse bridges were often built on the trade routes (often called packhorse routes) that formed major transport arteries across Europe and Great Britain until the coming of the turnpike roads and canals in the 18th century. Before the road-building efforts of Napoleon, all crossings of the Alps were on packhorse trails. Travellers' carriages were dismantled and transported over the mountain passes by ponies and mule trains.
Apple ecosystem
The Apple ecosystem is a term used to describe Apple Inc.'s digital ecosystem of products and services, including the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac computers, HomePod, and the applications that run on them. It is often praised for its seamless integration and optimization between various networks of devices, software and services, and is largely emphasized by Apple's focus on privacy, but criticized for its closed system and lack of customer control.

Apple products often unlock extra features when paired with other Apple products, as opposed to devices from other companies. Privacy is also considered a major perk of the ecosystem, as Apple markets its products with high standards of privacy, sometimes using it as a selling point over competitors.

HomePod
The HomePod is a series of smart speakers developed by Apple. Designed to work with the Apple Music subscription service, the HomePod incorporates beamforming and eight speakers and is sold in two colors: white and midnight. It is sold alongside the HomePod Mini, a smaller and less expensive variant introduced in 2020.

The first-generation HomePod was announced on June 5, 2017, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. Its planned December launch was delayed: Apple began taking orders on January 26, 2018, and released it on February 9, 2018. The HomePod received mixed reviews: it was praised for its design and sound quality compared to other speakers of its price, and criticized for lack of third-party support and high price compared to other smart speakers. The first-generation HomePod sold an estimated 1 to 3 million units through August 2018. It was discontinued on March 12, 2021.

The second-generation HomePod was announced on January 18, 2023, and released on February 3.
Jeffrey Chen
Jeffrey Chen (born July 21, 2002) is an American ice dancer.

With current skating partner, Annabelle Morozov, he is the 2024 Lombardia Trophy silver medalist.

With former skating partner, Yahli Pedersen, they were the 2023 JGP Turkey and the 2023 JGP Hungary silver medalists.

With other former skating partner, Katarina Wolfkostin, they were the 2022 Budapest Trophy bronze medalists, the 2021 U.S. junior national champions, the 2021 JGP France champions, the 2021 JGP Slovenia silver medalists, and the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics bronze medalists.

On February 19, 2025, Chen was suspended by the U.S. Center for SafeSport for allegations of misconduct.

ISU Junior Grand Prix in France
The ISU Junior Grand Prix in France – also called the Junior Grand Prix de Courchevel – is an international figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the French Federation of Ice Sports (French: Fédération Française des Sports de Glace). It is held periodically as an event of the ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating (JGP), a series of international competitions exclusively for junior-level skaters. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earn points based on their results at the qualifying competitions each season, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline are invited to then compete at the Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final.
Frank's RedHot
Frank's RedHot is a hot sauce made from a variety of cayenne peppers, produced by McCormick & Company. The Original blend ranks low on the Scoville scale, with 450 SHUs, while even the XTRA Hot variety only measures 2,000 SHUs, which is lower than Tabasco, Cholula Hot Sauce, and Tapatío, and only slightly hotter than Sriracha.

Scoville scale
The Scoville scale is a measurement of spiciness of chili peppers and other substances, recorded in Scoville heat units (SHU). It is based on the concentration of capsaicinoids, among which capsaicin is the predominant component.

The scale is named after its creator, American pharmacist Wilbur Scoville, whose 1912 method is known as the Scoville organoleptic test. The Scoville organoleptic test is a subjective assessment derived from the capsaicinoid sensitivity by people experienced with eating hot chilis.

An alternative method, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), can be used to analytically quantify the capsaicinoid content as an indicator of pungency.
Bubanj
Bubanj (Serbian Cyrillic: Бубањ; or as it is often called Bubanj Selo (Бубањ Село), because the city district of the city of Niš called Bubanj) is a village in the municipality of Palilula, City of Niš, Serbia. According to the 2002 census its population was 516 inhabitants (census 1991st was 441 inhabitants). It is famous for its World War II Bubanj Memorial Park, Historic Landmark of Exceptional Importance.

Bubanj Memorial Park
Memorial Park Bubanj (Serbian: Мемориjални парк Бубањ, Спомен парк Бубањ, Memorijalni park Bubanj, Spomen park Bubanj) is a World War II memorial complex built to commemorate the shooting and execution of more than 10,000 citizens of Niš and people from Serbia and other parts of the country, but according to some data, over 12,000 people, and it is located in Palilula municipality of Niš, Serbia.
Selkirk F.C.
Selkirk Football Club (nicknamed the Souters) was a Scottish football club based in the town of Selkirk. Founded in 1880, they were the oldest established football club in the Scottish Borders. The club was selected as a founder member of the Lowland Football League, which was formed in 2013 by the Scottish Football Association (SFA) as part of a proposed pyramid system. Their home ground was Yarrow Park. Following financial problems, they resigned from the Lowland League during the 2018–19 season and later went out of business due to insurmountable debts and failure to keep their SFA membership.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Nun Nicer
Nun Nicer (1895–1915) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. As a two-year-old in 1897 she ran consistently, winning three of her nine races including the Manchester Summer Foal Plate and Hopeful Stakes as well as being placed on four occasions. In the following year she won the 1000 Guineas, Triennial Stakes, September Stakes and Palatine Plate and finished second in the Epsom Oaks and Coronation Stakes. As a four-year-old she ran second in the Stewards' Cup and won the Preis von Donausschingen in Germany. She made no impact as a broodmare.

Epsom Oaks
The Oaks Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run at Epsom Downs over a distance of 1 mile, 4 furlongs and 6 yards (2,420 metres), about 1½ miles, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June. It is the second-oldest of the five Classic races, after the St Leger. Officially the Betfred Oaks, it is also popularly known as simply The Oaks. It has increasingly come to be referred to as the Epsom Oaks in both the UK and overseas countries, although 'Epsom' is not part of the official title of the race.

It is the third of Britain's five Classic races to be held during the season, and the second of two restricted to fillies. It can also serve as the middle leg of the Fillies Triple Crown, preceded by the 1000 Guineas and followed by the St Leger, although the feat of winning all three is rarely attempted.
Wax Ltd
Wax Ltd. is the American multi-platinum production and songwriting duo of Wally Gagel and Xandy Barry. Collectively and individually they have worked with a wide variety of artists including Zella Day, Blondfire, Family of the Year, Miley Cyrus, Best Coast, Redlight King, Rihanna, Britney Spears, as well as Muse, The Rolling Stones, New Order, The Folk Implosion, Eels, and many others.

In January 2019, Gagel and Barry formed AUDIO WAX, a production music label signed exclusively to Killer Tracks, which is part of the Universal Music Group. It will be focusing on music for Film, TV and Brands. The first four LPs included Indie Alternative, Anthemic Rock, Motivational and Uplifting and Atmospheric that involved many of the artists who have recorded at WAX studios.

The Folk Implosion
The Folk Implosion is an American band founded in the early 1990s by Lou Barlow and John Davis. It was initially a side-project started by Barlow to explore different territory than that which was being canvassed with his primary band at the time, Sebadoh. The name is a play on the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion. The band was on hiatus from 2004 to 2020.
Adaptive estimator
In statistics, an adaptive estimator is an estimator in a parametric or semiparametric model with nuisance parameters such that the presence of these nuisance parameters does not affect efficiency of estimation.

Parametric model
In statistics, a parametric model or parametric family or finite-dimensional model is a particular class of statistical models. Specifically, a parametric model is a family of probability distributions that has a finite number of parameters.
Sophy Romvari
Sophy Romvari (born October 20, 1990) is a Canadian film director, writer, and actress. After attracting considerable attention online for her short film work, particularly the award-winning Still Processing (2020), Romvari won widespread critical acclaim and numerous accolades for her feature-length film debut Blue Heron (2025).

Her accolades include the Swatch First Feature Award at Locarno, the Toronto International Film Festival's Best Canadian Discovery Award, the Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best First Feature, and the Rainer Werner Fassbinder Award at the Mannheim-Heidelberg International Film Festival.

A collection of Romvari's short films, including Still Processing, was released by The Criterion Collection on their streaming platform in 2022.

Toronto International Film Festival Best Canadian Discovery Award
The Toronto International Film Festival Best Canadian Discovery Award is an annual film award, presented by the Toronto International Film Festival to a film judged to be the best Canadian first or second feature film by an emerging Canadian director.

The award was previously presented from 1997 to 2019 as Best Canadian First Feature, and was discontinued after the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival. It was revived in 2024 under its current name. Concurrently with the award's reintroduction, TIFF announced that the Best Canadian Film will now be restricted to filmmakers who are releasing their third or later films, with first and second films eligible for the Discovery award. With the award's opening to second films, Matthew Rankin became the first, and so far only, director ever to win the award twice.

As with all of TIFF's juried awards, the jury has the discretion to grant one or more honorable mentions in addition to the main award winner.
Northern Ireland national netball team
The Northern Ireland national netball team, referred to as the Northern Ireland Warriors, represents Netball Northern Ireland in international netball tournaments such as the Netball World Cup, the Netball at the Commonwealth Games and the Netball Europe Open Championships. Northern Ireland have won the 2009 and 2015 Netball Singapore Nations Cups. As of 1 December 2025, Northern Ireland are listed 14th on the World Netball Rankings.

Netball Singapore Nations Cup
The Netball Singapore Nations Cup  is an annual netball tournament organised and hosted by Netball Singapore. The inaugural tournament was played in 2006 and was won by Singapore. The host nation is the tournament's most successful team, winning three tournaments.

The tournament was not held between 2020 - 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2025, Kenya became the only other country to win back-to-back Nations Cup titles after Singapore in 2006 & 2007.
Frank Gaffney
Frank J. Gaffney Jr. (born April 5, 1953) is an American defense policy analyst and founder of the Center for Security Policy (CSP). He founded the CSP in 1988, serving as its president until 2023, and thereafter as executive chairman. In the 1970s and 1980s, he worked for the federal government in multiple posts, including as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Forces and Arms Control Policy from 1983 to 1987, and seven months as Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs during the Reagan administration. He was awarded the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service in 1987. In later years, he has been described as an anti-Muslim conspiracy theorist.

Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
In the United States, the assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs or ASD (ISA) is the principal advisor to the under secretary of defense for policy (USD (P)) and the secretary of defense on international security strategy and policy on issues of Department of Defense (DoD) interest related to the governments and defense establishments of the nations and international organizations of Europe (including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization), the Middle East, Africa, and the Western Hemisphere. The ASD (ISA) also oversees security cooperation programs and foreign military sales programs in these regions. Despite the broad title of the office, the ASD (ISA) does not develop policy related to Asia, the Pacific region, Latin America, or South America.
Henry C. Cherry
Henry C. Cherry (circa 1836 – July 11, 1885) was an American politician. Born enslaved in North Carolina, he eventually was freed and moved to Edgecombe County where he worked as a carpenter and merchant. He served as a delegate in North Carolina's 1868 constitutional convention and served in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1868 to 1870.

Edgecombe County, North Carolina
Edgecombe County (/ˈɛdʒkəm/ EJ-kum or /ˈɛdʒkoʊm/ EJ-kohm) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,900. Its county seat is Tarboro.

Edgecombe County is part of the Rocky Mount, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Line Walker: Bull Fight
Line Walker: Bull Fight (Chinese: 使徒行者3), also known as Line Walker 3, is a 2020 crime drama produced by Tencent Penguin Pictures and TVB. It serves as the sequel season to both Line Walker (2014) and  Line Walker: The Prelude (2017). It stars Raymond Lam, Michael Miu, Kenneth Ma, Benjamin Yuen, Mandy Wong,  Priscilla Wong, Sisley Choi, Owen Cheung and Benz Hui.

Line Walker: Bull Fight premiered on 12 October 2020 on myTV Gold, TVB Anywhere, Tencent Video and Astro Go. For myTV Gold and TVB Anywhere, the first eight episodes are uploaded on 12 October and two episodes are uploaded on every Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday afterwards. For Tencent Video and Astro Go, two episodes are uploaded on every Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday starting from 12 October. The series premiered on 9 November 2020 on TVB Jade in Hong Kong.

Line Walker
Line Walker (Chinese: 使徒行者 literally "Apostle Walker") is a 2014 Hong Kong crime thriller drama produced by TVB, starring Michael Miu, Charmaine Sheh and Raymond Lam as the main leads, with Sharon Chan, Benz Hui, Elena Kong, Sammy Sum, Oscar Leung and Toby Leung in major supporting roles. It is the first entry in the franchise.

The drama began broadcasting on August 25 to October 3, 2014, on TVB Jade channel during its 9:30–10:30 p.m. timeslot. In 2022, the drama was selected as one of ten classic TVB dramas being honoured for a new joint Youku and TVB programme.