hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1773 Phipps expedition towards the North Pole
The 1773 Phipps expedition towards the North Pole was a Royal Navy expedition suggested by the Royal Society and especially its vice president Daines Barrington, who believed in an ice-free Open Polar Sea. Two bomb vessels, HMS Racehorse and HMS Carcass, were modified for greater protection against ice and sailed towards the North Pole in the summer of 1773 under the commands of Constantine Phipps and Skeffington Lutwidge. The ships became stuck in ice near Svalbard. The report of the journey, published by Phipps in 1774, contained the first scientific descriptions of the polar bear, ivory gull, and naked sea butterfly.

Open Polar Sea
The Open Polar Sea was a conjectured ice-free body of water that was believed to encircle the North Pole. Although this theory was widely accepted and served as a basis for many exploratory expeditions aimed at reaching the North Pole by sea or discovering a navigable route between Europe and the Pacific via the North Pole, it was ultimately proven to be untrue.
Missouri State Highway Patrol
The Missouri State Highway Patrol (MSHP) is the highway patrol agency for Missouri and has jurisdiction all across the state. It is a division of the Missouri Department of Public Safety. Colonel Michael A. Turner has been serving as the 25th superintendent since January 30, 2025.

In 1992, MSHP became the 10th state law enforcement agency to receive accreditation from the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA).

Highway patrol
A highway patrol is a police unit, detail, or law enforcement agency created primarily for the purpose of overseeing and enforcing traffic safety compliance on roads and highways within a jurisdiction. They are also referred to in many countries as traffic police, although in other countries this term is more commonly used to refer to foot officers on point duty who control traffic at junctions.
Akazu
The Akazu (Kinyarwanda: [ɑ.kɑ.zu], little house) was an informal organization of elite Hutu extremists whose members contributed strongly to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda.  A circle of relatives and close friends of Rwanda's then-president Juvénal Habyarimana and his influential wife Agathe Habyarimana, they were also called the Zero Network, for their goal of a Rwanda with zero Tutsi.

Tutsi
The Tutsi (/ˈtʊtsi/ TUUT-see), also called Watusi, Watutsi or Abatutsi (Kinyarwanda pronunciation: [ɑ.βɑ.tuː.t͡si]), are an ethnic group established primarily in Rwanda and Burundi. They are a Bantu-speaking people and the second-largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu and Twa.

Historically, the Tutsi were pastoralists and filled the ranks of the warrior caste. Before 1962, they regulated and controlled Rwandan society, which consisted of Tutsi aristocrats and Hutu commoners under a clientship structure. The Tutsi occupied the dominant positions in the sharply stratified society and constituted the ruling class.
Tell Your Heart to Beat Again
"Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" is a song written by Bernie Herms, Randy Phillips, and Matthew West and originally recorded by Contemporary Christian-Worship trio, Phillips, Craig and Dean for their twelfth studio album, Breathe In (2012). It was later recorded by American singer Danny Gokey for his second studio album, Hope in Front of Me (2014), with production by Herms. Gokey's rendition was released to Christian radio January 8, 2016 through BMG-Chrysalis as the album's third single. The song reached number two on the Billboard Christian Songs chart, earning Gokey his highest-charting single to date.

In May 2016, an extended play featuring a Spanish version of the song, titled "Que Tu Corazón Vuelva a Latir", was released in promotion of Gokey's fourth studio album, La Esperanza Frente a Mi (2016), a Spanish re-recording of Hope in Front of Me.

BMG Rights Management
BMG Rights Management GmbH (also known simply as BMG) is an international music company based in Berlin, Germany. It combines the activities of a music publisher and a record label.

BMG was originally founded in 1985 and relaunched in October 2008 after Bertelsmann sold its stake in Sony BMG to Sony. From 2009 to 2013, the investment firm KKR held 51% of the company, which became one of the world's largest music publishers during that time. BMG is 100% owned by Bertelsmann and one of the group's eight business divisions.
Pyromania (album)
Pyromania is the third studio album by English rock band Def Leppard, released on 20 January 1983 through Vertigo Records in Europe and through Mercury Records in the US. The first album to feature guitarist Phil Collen who replaced founding member Pete Willis, Pyromania was produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange. The album was a shift away from the band's traditional heavy metal roots toward a more radio-friendly sound, finding massive mainstream success. Pyromania charted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200, No. 4 on the  Canadian RPM Album chart and No. 18 on the UK Albums Chart. Selling over ten million copies in the US, it has been certified diamond by the RIAA.

Vertigo Records
Vertigo Records is a British record company. It was a subsidiary of the Philips/Phonogram record label, launched in 1969 to specialise in progressive rock and other non-mainstream musical styles. Today, it’s operated by Universal Music Germany and the UK catalogue was folded into Mercury Records, which was absorbed in 2013 by Virgin EMI Records, which returned to the EMI Records name in June 2020.
March 1933 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Sunday, March 12, 1933, with an umbral magnitude of −0.4153. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 3.5 days before perigee (on March 15, 1933, at 17:25 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This eclipse was the second of four penumbral lunar eclipses in 1933, with the others occurring on February 10, August 5, and September 4.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
LinkBike
LinkBike is a public bicycle sharing system serving the city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. Launched in 2016, it is the first such system in Malaysia. Currently, there are 250 LinkBike bicycles and 25 stations throughout the city, including its UNESCO World Heritage Site, as well as suburban places like Queensbay Mall.

LinkBike, which is jointly funded by the Penang Island City Council and Fast Rent Bike (PG) Sdn. Bhd, a local private limited firm, is part of the wider efforts undertaken by the Penang state government to alleviate traffic congestion within George Town, as well as to promote environmentally-friendly alternative transportation modes.

Bicycle-sharing system
A bicycle-sharing system, bike share program, public bicycle scheme, or public bike share (PBS) scheme, is a shared transport service where bicycles or electric bicycles are available for shared use by individuals at low cost.

The programmes themselves include both docking and dockless systems; docking systems allow users to rent a bike from a dock (i.e. a technology-enabled bicycle rack) and return at another node or dock within the system, while dockless systems offer a node-free system relying on smart technology. In either format, systems may incorporate smartphone web mapping to locate available bikes and docks.

With its antecedents in grassroots mid-1960s efforts, by 2022, bike share schemes were offered by approximately 3,000 cities worldwide, including Dubai, New York, Paris, Mexico City, Montreal and Barcelona.
Grand Canyon Inn and Campground
The Grand Canyon Inn and Campground, also known as the North Rim Inn, were built by the William W. Wylie and  the Utah Parks Company as inexpensive tourist accommodations on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, in Grand Canyon National Park. Intended to complement the more expensive Grand Canyon Lodge, the cabins and Inn were located near Bright Angel Point, but father back than their more expensive counterparts, near the Grand Canyon North Rim Headquarters. The design of the cabins and the redesign of the Inn building were undertaken by architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood.

Gilbert Stanley Underwood
Gilbert Stanley Underwood (June 5, 1890 – August 3, 1961) was an American architect best known for designing lodges within national parks of the United States, multiple of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Sanita Levave
Sanita Levave (born 8 November 1988) is a women's rugby union player from Wellington, New Zealand. She plays as a Lock for Northern United, Wellington Pride and the New Zealand women's national rugby union team. She is the sister of the Hurricanes and Samoa national rugby union team player Faifili Levave.

Wellington Rugby Football Union
The Wellington Rugby Football Union (known as the Wellington Lions for competition reasons) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Wellington Region. The main stadium is Sky Stadium (formerly named Westpac Stadium) which is located in Wellington. The union also represents the Wellington Lions, which is professional rugby union team who compete in the National Provincial Championship competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield. Before 2006 the Lions competed in the original National Provincial Championship.
Atomic Energy Authority Act
Atomic Energy Authority Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom relating to the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. The first Act was the Atomic Energy Act 1946, 9 & 10 Geo. 6. c. 80. The most recent such Act is the Atomic Energy Authority Act 1995, 1995 c. 37. The most recent United Kingdom energy law is the Great British Energy Act 2025, 2025, c. 16.

The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a Atomic Energy Authority Bill during its passage through Parliament.

Energy law
Energy laws govern the use and taxation of energy, both renewable and non-renewable.  These laws are the primary authorities (such as caselaw, statutes, rules, regulations and edicts) related to energy.  In contrast, energy policy refers to the policy and politics of energy.

Energy law includes the legal provision for oil, gasoline, and "extraction taxes."  The practice of energy law includes Oil and gas agreements and other contracts for siting, extraction, licenses for the acquisition and ownership rights in oil and gas both under the soil before discovery and after its capture, and adjudication regarding those rights.
Prizmmy
Prizmmy (プリズミー☆, Purizumī; stylized as Prizmmy☆) was a Japanese girl group formed by Avex Pictures in 2012. The group debuted through the Pretty Rhythm anime series, where they hosted the live-action segments in each episode and later released their first song, "Everybody's Gonna Be Happy", on 16 March 2012 as one of the ending theme songs to Pretty Rhythm: Aurora Dream. Fictionalized versions of themselves appeared as the main cast of Pretty Rhythm: Dear My Future to promote their activities.

After the end of the Pretty Rhythm series, Prizmmy continued to perform theme songs to the series' successor, PriPara, joined with the trainee group Prism Mates as back-up performers. As a collective group, they performed under the name Prism Box. After PriPara ended, the group disbanded on 31 March 2017.

Avex Inc.
Avex Inc. (Japanese: エイベックス株式会社, romanized: Eibekkusu kabushiki gaisha /əˈvɛks/ /ˈeɪvɛks/, commonly known as Avex and stylized as avex) is a Japanese entertainment conglomerate led by founder Max Matsuura and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 1988, the company manages J-pop talents like Ayumi Hamasaki, TVXQ! and internet sensation PikoTaro. It has also shifted into other business domains like anime, video games and live music events, partnering with Ultra Music Festival and hosting the annual A-nation. The company is a member of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG) keiretsu.
Marco Sørensen
Marco Lorentz Sørensen (born 6 September 1990) is a Danish racing driver and Aston Martin factory driver who is currently set to compete in the FIA World Endurance Championship and in Super GT for D'station Racing. He won the World Endurance Championship in the LMGTE Pro class in the 2016 and 2019–20 seasons, and in the LMGTE Am class in 2022. He has also previously competed in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series and the GP2 Series, and is a former member of the Renault and Lotus F1 junior teams. His younger brother, Lasse, is also a racing driver who last competed in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series.

2016 FIA World Endurance Championship
The 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship season was the fifth edition of the FIA World Endurance Championship auto racing series co-organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). The series was open to Le Mans Prototypes and grand tourer-style racing cars meeting four ACO categories. The season began at the Silverstone Circuit in April and ended at the Bahrain International Circuit in November, and included the 84th running of the 24 Hours of Le Mans. This season was also the last WEC season for Audi Sport Team Joest as they decided not to race in the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship Season.
Gundwana v Steko Development
Gundwana v Steko Development CC and Others is an important case in South African property law and civil procedure. The Constitutional Court held unanimously that Registrars of the High Court are not constitutionally competent to authorise sales in execution of mortgaged homes when granting a default judgment. In such cases, the determination of executability requires judicial oversight, because it touches on the homeowner's right to housing under section 26 of the Constitution.

The judgment was handed down on 11 April 2011 by Justice Johan Froneman. Heavily indebted to the logic of Jaftha v Schoeman, it partly overturned the Supreme Court of Appeal's earlier holding in Standard Bank v Saunderson.

Default judgment
Default judgment is a binding judgment in favor of either party based on some failure to take action by the other party.  Most often, it is a judgment in favor of a plaintiff when the defendant has not responded to a summons or has failed to appear before a court of law.  The failure to take action is the default.  The default judgment is the relief requested in the party's original petition.

Default can be compared to a forfeit victory in sports. In a civil trial involving damages, a default judgment will enter the amount of damages pleaded in the original complaint.  If proof of damages is required, the court may schedule another hearing on that issue. A party can have a default judgment vacated, or set aside, by filing a motion, after the judgment is entered, by showing of a proper excuse.
Sir Fulwar Skipwith, 2nd Baronet
Sir Fulwar Skipwith, 2nd Baronet (1676 – 14 May 1728) of Newbold Revel, Stretton-under-Foss, Warwickshire  was a Conservative Member of Parliament for Coventry.

He was the only son of Humberston Skipwith, who died before his own father. Fulwar thus succeeded his grandfather to the baronetcy in 1677.

He served as the Member of Parliament for Coventry from 1713 to 1715. In 1716 he commissioned the building of Newbold Revel at Stretton-under-Fosse, Warwickshire.

He died at Bath in 1728. He had married in 1703, Mary, the daughter of Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet and with her had 3 sons and 2 daughters. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Sir Francis Skipwith, 3rd Baronet.

Stretton-under-Fosse
Stretton-under-Fosse is a village and civil parish in the English county of Warwickshire. In the 2021 census the population of the parish was 206.

The village is located just east of the Fosse Way former Roman road, and just south of the M6 motorway. It contains a number of old cottages along its main street. Just outside Stretton is an old manor house, Newbold Revel, which is currently used as a training college for prison officers.  Just south of the village is the Oxford Canal and a canal arm leading to Stretton Wharf.

Between 1847 and 1957, the village was served by nearby Brinklow railway station on the West Coast Main Line, which was originally known as Stretton station.

Stretton means "settlement on a Roman road" (from the Old English stræt and tun). In this case the road is Fosse Way.
Kaedan Korczak
Kaedan Korczak (born January 29, 2001) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman for the  Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the Golden Knights in the 2019 NHL entry draft after spending four seasons with the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL).

Growing up Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Korczak played minor hockey for the Yorkton Terriers and Yorkton Maulers. He spent two years with the Maulers before joining the Rockets from 2017 to 2021. Korczak also represented Canada at the 2018 Hlinka Gretzky Cup and 2021 World Junior Championships.

2021 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
The 2021 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships (2021 WJHC) was the 45th edition of the Ice Hockey World Junior Championship, held from 25 December 2020 to 5 January 2021. This marked the 16th time that Canada hosted the WJIHC. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, it was hosted in a "bubble" behind closed doors in Edmonton, Alberta, with no spectators admitted for any game.

The 2021 championships were the first in which all pre-tournament and in-tournament games were broadcast by The Sports Network. Since the tournament began on Christmas Day, executive producer Paul Graham anticipated a boost in viewer ratings.
Luís Freire
Luís Carlos Batalha Freire (born 3 November 1985) is a Portuguese professional football manager who is currently in charge of the Portugal national under-21 team.

Beginning as a manager in amateur football in his 20s, he won six promotions in his first eight seasons, including as champions of the Campeonato de Portugal with Mafra in 2018. In 2020, he reached the Primeira Liga with Nacional, and did the same with Rio Ave two years later as champions of Liga Portugal 2, as well as leading Vitória de Guimarães in the top flight in 2025.

C.D. Mafra
Clube Desportivo de Mafra is a Portuguese association football club, currently playing in the Liga Portugal 2, the second tier of the Portuguese football league system. They are based in the town of Mafra and own Campo Doutor Mário Silveira stadium, but the games are played in Estádio Municipal de Mafra. Founded in 1965, the club predominantly played within Portugal's regional leagues where they gradually worked their way up until they won the Lisbon Football Association Division 1 title in the 1991–92 league season and promotion to the national leagues.
Taraknagar
Taraknagar is a village in the Krishnaganj CD block in the Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision of the Nadia district, West Bengal, India situated 99 km north of Kolkata. Taraknagar is well connected with the state capital Kolkata via Kolkata Suburban Railway.

Nadia district
Nadia district (Bengali pronunciation: [nɔd̪iːaː]) is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies in the Presidency division. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north.

Nadia district is highly influential in the cultural history of Bengal. The standard form of modern Bengali, developed in the 19th century, is based on the dialect spoken around Shantipur region of Nadia. Known as the "Oxford of Bengal", Nabadwip made many contributions to Indian philosophy, such as the Navya-Nyaya system of logic, and is the birthplace of the Vaishnava saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The district is still largely agricultural.
1532 Inari
1532 Inari (provisional designation 1938 SM) is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 28 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in 1938, it was later named for Lake Inari in northern Finland.

Iso-Heikkilä Observatory
Iso-Heikkilä Observatory (Finnish: Iso-Heikkilän tähtitorni, Swedish: Storheikkilä observatorium) is an amateur astronomical observatory used by a local amateur astronomical association, Turun Ursa ry in the Iso-Heikkilä district of Turku, Finland.

Referred to as Turku Observatory (062) by the Minor Planet Center, it was previously operated by the University of Turku from 1937 to 1972, and is the observatory where several Finnish discoverers of minor planets made their observations.
2019 Tripoli shooting
On 3 June 2019, a gunman killed four security members—two police officers and two soldiers—in Tripoli, Lebanon. The attacker was a recent member of the militant group Islamic State (ISIS), but no group claimed responsibility for the attack. The attack took place when security forces were dispatched to the city's streets to ensure citizen safety at the end of the Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr holidays. The attacker was identified by the authorities and the Lebanese army as Abdel Rahman Mabsout; he was a former ISIS member who had participated in the Syrian Civil War against the Syrian government. He was detained and tried for fighting for ISIS when he returned from Syria in 2016 but was released after a year in jail in late 2017.

Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية, romanized: Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني, romanized: Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the national military of the Republic of Lebanon. It consists of three branches, the ground forces, the air force, and the navy. The motto of the Lebanese Armed Forces is "Honor, Sacrifice, Loyalty" (Arabic: شرف · تضحية  · وفاء, romanized: Sharaf.Tadhia.Wafa). In politically unstable Lebanon, the Lebanese army has been described as one of the few state institutions in the country trusted by both the Lebanese population and the international community; and a guarantor of stability in multi-sectarian Lebanon.
Haploblepharus
Haploblepharus is a genus of deepwater catsharks, belonging to the family Pentanchidae, containing four species of shysharks. Their common name comes from a distinctive defensive behavior in which the shark curls into a circle and covers its eyes with its tail. The genus is endemic to southern Africa, inhabiting shallow coastal waters. All four species are small, stout-bodied sharks with broad, flattened heads and rounded snouts. They are characterized by very large nostrils with enlarged, triangular flaps of skin that reach the mouth, and deep grooves between the nostrils and the mouth. Shysharks are bottom-dwelling predators of bony fishes and invertebrates. They are oviparous, with the females laying egg capsules. These harmless sharks are of no commercial or recreational interest, though their highly limited distributions in heavily fished South African waters are of potential conservation concern.

Egg case (Chondrichthyes)
An egg case or egg capsule, often colloquially called a mermaid's purse, is the casing that surrounds the eggs of oviparous chondrichthyans. Living chondricthyans that produce egg cases include some sharks, skates and chimaeras. Egg cases typically contain one embryo, except for big skate and mottled skate egg cases, which contain up to seven embryos. Oviparity is completely absent in the superorder Squalomorphi. Egg cases are also thought to have been produced by some extinct chondrichthyan groups, such as hybodonts and xenacanths.