hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamilton and Strathaven Railway
The Hamilton and Strathaven Railway was a historic railway in Scotland. It ran from a junction with the Hamilton Branch of the Caledonian Railway to a terminus at Strathaven. The railway was worked from the start by the Caledonian Railway, who absorbed  the railway company in 1864.

Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway (CR) was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself).
PH-tree
The PH-tree is a tree data structure used for spatial indexing of multi-dimensional data (keys) such as geographical coordinates, points, feature vectors, rectangles or bounding boxes. The PH-tree is space partitioning index with a structure similar to that of a quadtree or octree. However, unlike quadtrees, it uses a splitting policy based on tries and similar to Crit bit trees that is based on the bit-representation of the keys. The bit-based splitting policy, when combined with the use of different internal representations for nodes, provides scalability with high-dimensional data. The bit-representation splitting policy also imposes a maximum depth, thus avoiding degenerated trees and the need for rebalancing.

Octree
An octree is a tree data structure in which each internal node has exactly eight children. Octrees are most often used to partition a three-dimensional space by recursively subdividing it into eight octants. Octrees are the three-dimensional analog of quadtrees. The word is derived from oct (Greek root meaning "eight") + tree. Octrees are often used in 3D graphics and 3D game engines.
Knight Tower
The Knight Tower (Polish: Baszta Rycerska), also known as the Knight House (Polish: Dom Rycerski), is a historic Gothic defensive tower in Warsaw, Poland, at Rycerska Street, in the inner city wall of the Old Town, between Piekarska and Wąski Dunaj Streets. It was built in the 14th century, before 1339, and later expanded at the turn of the 16th century. In 1614, it was turned into a residential building, and it was restored to its historic form between 1958 and 1963.

City walls of Warsaw
The city walls of Warsaw are walls around Warsaw Old Town. They are composed of two lines: inner and outer, with several gates round the city. Originally raised between the 13th and 16th centuries, then rebuilt in 1950–1963, partly later. The best-preserved fragments of the fortification are those parallel to Podwale Street, from the Warsaw Royal Castle to the Barbican and further to the Vistula Embankment.
Patagonykus
Patagonykus (meaning "Patagonian claw") is a genus of alvarezsauroid theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. It was discovered in exposures of the Portezuelo Formation (Turonian-Coniacian) of the Rio Neuquén Subgroup in the Neuquén Basin, Neuquén Province. The holotype consists of an incomplete but well-preserved skeleton, lacking a skull, but including many vertebrae, the coracoids, a partial forelimb, pelvic girdle, and hindlimbs. Patagonykus has been classed with the Alvarezsauridae, a family which includes such taxa as the Mongolian Mononykus and the also Argentinian Alvarezsaurus. In 2010, Gregory S. Paul estimated its length at 1 meter (3.3 ft) and its weight at 3.5 kilograms (7.7 lb).

Mononykus
Mononykus (/məˈnɒnɪkəs/ mə-NON-ik-əs, sometimes /ˌmɒnoʊˈnaɪkəs/ MON-oh-NY-kəs; meaning "one claw") is a genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia, specifically the Nemegt Formation, about 70 million years ago. Mononykus was a very small theropod, estimated around 1 to 1.2 metres (3.3 to 3.9 ft) in length with a weight of 3.5 kilograms (7.7 lb). As in Shuvuuia, Mononykus likely developed a shaggy feathering. It was lightly built with long, thin legs and highly reduced and specialized forelimbs that were likely used for foraging termite mounds or other insect colonies.
2010 CCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 2010 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament is the 39th CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 5 and March 20, 2010 at campus locations and at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The winning team, the University of Michigan Wolverines, received the Mason Cup and earned the Central Collegiate Hockey Association's automatic bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

2010 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament
The 2010 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament involved 16 schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college ice hockey. The tournament began on March 26, 2010, and ended with the championship game on April 10, in which Boston College defeated Wisconsin 5–0 to win its fourth national championship.

Since the adoption of the 16-team playoff with the 2003 tournament, RIT became the first team to ever reach the Frozen Four in their first tournament appearance. As of 2025, they remain the only team to do so.
Progress Chapter 178: Fix Your Hearts
The Chapter 178: Fix Your Hearts was a professional wrestling event produced by Progress Wrestling. It took place on 30 March 2025 in London, England, at the Electric Ballroom.

The event's name and aesthetics are in reference and tribute to the late David Lynch (who had died earlier that year) and his most well-known production, Twin Peaks.

Eight matches were contested at the event. The main event saw Sunshine Machine (Chuck Mambo and TK Cooper) defeat Smokin' Aces (Charlie Sterling and Nick Riley) to win the PROGRESS Tag Team Championship.

Progress Wrestling
Progress Wrestling (stylized as PROGRESS) is a British professional wrestling promotion that was established in 2011 by comedian Jim Smallman, events and comedy promoter Jon Briley, and later, actor Glen Robinson (professionally known as Glen Joseph). The company is now co-owned by Lee McAteer, Martyn Best, and Matthew Buczek.
William C. Leggett
William C. Leggett CM FRSC (June 25, 1939 – February 13, 2026) was a Canadian population biologist and university administrator who served as the 17th Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Queen's University, Kingston in Canada, from 1994 to 2004, only the second scientist to hold the Principalship. He was previously the Vice Principal (Academic) of McGill University.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Dolenje Poljane
Dolenje Poljane (pronounced [doˈleːnjɛ pɔˈljaːnɛ], German: Unterpölland, Italian: Pogliane Inferiore) is a settlement in the hills southeast of Stari Trg pri Ložu in the Municipality of Loška Dolina in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. The area also includes the hamlet of Zgornje Poljane (German: Oberpölland, Italian: Pogliane Supperiore).

The chapel in Dolenje Poljane is dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows. The church in Zgornje Poljane is built on a hill (1,065 meters or 3,494 feet) and is dedicated to Saint Andrew. Both belong to the Parish of Stari Trg.

Stari Trg pri Ložu
Stari Trg pri Ložu (pronounced [ˈstaːɾi ˈtəɾk pɾi ˈloːʒu]; Slovene: Stari trg pri Ložu, German: Altenmarkt, Italian: Borgovecchio d'Olisa) is a settlement and the administrative seat of the Municipality of Loška Dolina in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
West Punjab
West Punjab was a province in the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955. It was established from the western-half of British Punjab, following the independence of Pakistan.  The province covered an area of 159,344 km2 (61,523 sq mi), including much of the current Punjab province and the Islamabad Capital Territory, but excluding the former Princely state of Bahawalpur. Lahore, being the largest city and the cultural centre, served as the capital of the province. The province was composed of four divisions (Lahore, Sargodha, Multan and Rawalpindi) and was bordered by the state of Bahawalpur to the south-east, the province of Baluchistan to the south-west and Sind to the south, North-West Frontier Province to the north-west, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir to the north. It shared International border with Indian state of East Punjab to the east and Indian-administered Jammu & Kashmir to the north-east. It was dissolved and merged into West Pakistan upon creation of One Unit Scheme, in 1955.

Bahawalpur (princely state)
State of Bahawalpur was a state in the Punjab region of South Asia that existed as a sovereign polity from 1748 to 1833 and as a princely state, under subsidiary alliance with British India and later Dominion of Pakistan, from 1833 to 1955. It was a part of the Punjab States Agency; and covered an area of 45,911 km2 (17,726 sq mi) with a population of 1,341,209 in 1941. The capital of the state was the town of Bahawalpur.

The state was founded in 1748 by Nawab Bahawal Khan Abbasi. On 22 February 1833, Abbasi III entered into a subsidiary alliance with the British, by which Bahawalpur was admitted as a princely state. When British rule ended in 1947 and British Raj was partitioned into India and Pakistan, Bahawalpur joined the Dominion of Pakistan. Bahawalpur remained an autonomous entity until 14 October 1955, when it was merged with the province of West Pakistan.
Carlton, Leicestershire
Carlton is a small rural parish located east of the River Sence in Leicestershire, England, around 2.2 miles north of Market Bosworth. According to the 2011 census, Carlton has a population of 305 However, from 2014 it is estimated that there are around 330 people living there with a total of 283 registered electors.

Market Bosworth
Market Bosworth (/ˈbɒzwərθ/ BOZ-wərth) is a market town and civil parish in Leicestershire, England. At the 2001 Census, it had a population of 1,906, increasing to 2,097 at the 2011 census. It is most famously near to the site of the Battle of Bosworth, decisive final battle of the Wars of the Roses.

In 1974, Market Bosworth Rural District merged with Hinckley Rural District to form the district of Hinckley and Bosworth.
2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group D
The 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group D was a CAF qualifying group for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The group contained Cameroon, Cape Verde, Angola, Libya, Eswatini and Mauritius.

The group winners, Cape Verde, directly qualified for the World Cup, and the runners-up, Cameroon, qualified for the second round to compete for a place in the inter-confederation play-offs.

2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)
The 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF) was the African section of the qualification tournament for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, to be held in the United States, Canada and Mexico. A total of nine slots in the final tournament and one inter-confederation play-off slot were reserved for Confederation of African Football (CAF) teams.
Free software in Kerala
The state of Kerala, in India has had an active Free software community since early 1980s. The initial users were those who started using TeX in the city of Thiruvananthapuram. Subsequently Free software users groups were formed in some of the different cities like Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and around engineering colleges in the state. The Free software community in Kerala was instrumental in creating a policy environment at the state government level that was biased towards Free software. The government of Kerala policy on Free software gives first preference to Free and Open Source software for its IT requirements. The state claims to be the only state in the world where IT education is imparted over a Free software operating system.

Free software movement
The free software movement is a social movement with the goal of obtaining and guaranteeing certain freedoms for software users, namely the freedoms to run, study, modify, and share copies of software. Software which meets these requirements, The Four Essential Freedoms of Free Software, is termed free software.

Although drawing on traditions and philosophies among members of the 1970s hacker culture and academia, Richard Stallman formally founded the movement in 1983 by launching the GNU Project. Stallman later established the Free Software Foundation in 1985 to support the movement.
Gaurav Chakrabarty
Gaurav Chakrabarty is an Indian Bengali film and television actor best known for his portrayal of the character Prodipto Lahiri in the Bengali musical television series Gaaner Oparey that aired on Star Jalsha from 28 June 2010 to 16 April 2011. Chakrabarty is also known for acting in the Bengali classic periodic thriller television series Byomkesh (2014-2015), where he played the role of iconic Bengali detective Byomkesh Bakshi. He hails from a family which has had a legacy of association with the Bengali cultural arena, starting from Jochhon Dastidar and Chandra Dastidar (his paternal great uncle and aunt), Bijon Bhattacharya (his paternal great uncle), Jagadish Chandra Chakrabarty and Monika Chakrabarty (his paternal grandparents), and his parents Sabyasachi Chakrabarty and Mithu Chakrabarty. He debuted on the big screen Kaushik Ganguly's Rang Milanti one of the most appreciated films of 2011.

Calcutta Times voted him as one of the 10 Most Desirable Men in 2015.

Kaushik Ganguly
Kaushik Ganguly (born 4 August 1968)  is an Indian film director, screenwriter and actor in Bengali cinema. He has received several awards including six National Film Awards and four Filmfare Awards Bangla. Kaushik Ganguly is known for making films that explore various aspects sexuality, like Ushnatar Janye (2003), which deals with a lesbian relationship, and Arekti Premer Golpo (2010), which examines transgender identity & Nagarkirtan (2017), an LGBTQ Movie. In 2019, Film Companion ranked Ridhi Sen's performance in Nagarkirtan which was directed by Ganguly, among 100 Greatest Performances of the decade.
The Keep, Dorchester
The Keep, Dorchester is part of the former county barracks of the 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot and the 54th Regiment of Foot. The barracks were built in about 1880 and housed various regiments as units were amalgamated. It ceased to be used in 1958 and most of the site was redeveloped in the 1960s, but the keep remained in Ministry of Defence hands and is now used as a regimental museum.

It is a Grade II listed building.

54th (West Norfolk) Regiment of Foot
The 54th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1755. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Dorsetshire Regiment in 1881.
Joe Williams (jazz singer)
Joe Williams (born Joseph Goreed; December 12, 1918 – March 29, 1999) was an American jazz singer. He sang with big bands, such as the Count Basie Orchestra and the Lionel Hampton Orchestra, and with small combos. He sang in two films with the Basie orchestra and sometimes worked as an actor.

Lionel Hampton
Lionel Leo Hampton (April 20, 1908 – August 31, 2002) was an American jazz vibraphonist, percussionist, and bandleader. He worked with jazz musicians from Teddy Wilson, Benny Goodman, and Buddy Rich, to Charlie Parker, Charles Mingus, and Quincy Jones. In 1992, he was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame, and he was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1996.

Hampton was a member of the executive committee of the Writers and Artists for Peace in the Middle East, a pro-Israel group. In 1984, he signed a letter protesting German arms sales to Saudi Arabia.
Wild Wild West League
The Wild Wild West League is a collegiate summer baseball wooden bat league based out of Portland, Oregon.  It serves as a developmental minor league and is owned and operated by the Portland Pickles collegiate baseball club of the West Coast League.  The league features four teams and all games are played at Charles B. Walker Stadium at Lents Park in southeast Portland, home of the Pickles.

West Coast League
The West Coast League (WCL) is a collegiate summer baseball wooden bat league founded in 2005, comprising teams from Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alberta. The WCL was previously named the West Coast Collegiate Baseball League (WCCBL), but in 2008 it was renamed as the West Coast League. The league is designed to develop college talent, and only current college-eligible players are allowed to participate. The West Coast League has produced dozens of professional players, including a number of major leaguers. League teams are operated similarly to professional minor-league teams. The WCL's season typically runs from early June through the middle of August.
Radomir Putnik
Radomir Putnik GOLH, KCMG (Serbian: Радомир Путник; pronounced [rǎdɔmiːr pûːtniːk]; 24 January 1847 – 17 May 1917) was a Serbian military leader and the first Field Marshal of Serbia. Serving as Chief of the General Staff, he played a pivotal role in the Balkan Wars and in the First World War, commanding Serbian forces in some of their most significant victories. His career, spanning every major conflict involving Serbia from 1876 to 1917, left a lasting impact on Serbian military strategy and national identity.

Chief of the Serbian General Staff
The Chief of the Serbian Armed Forces General Staff (Serbian: Начелник Генералштаба Војске Србије, romanized: Načelnik Generalštaba Vojske Srbije) is the principal head of the Serbian Armed Forces. The Chief of the Serbian General Staff is appointed by the President of the Republic, who is the commander-in-chief.

The incumbent Chief of the General Staff is General Milan Mojsilović. He was appointed by President Aleksandar Vučić on 14 September 2018.

The Deputy Chief of the General Staff is simultaneously the Joint Operations Commander in peacetime. The incumbent Joint Operations Commander is Lt. Col. General Tiosav Janković.
Nanaco
Nanaco (trademarked in lowercase as nanaco) is a prepaid cash-rechargeable contactless electronic money card, and point based loyalty program used at Seven & I Holdings–owned stores in Japan, which are 7-Eleven convenience stores, Denny's restaurants, and Ito-Yokado merchandise stores. In addition, Nanaco can be used at more than 7,000 third party stores outside the company's group, like Sogo and Seibu Department Stores

Nanaco cards can be instantly issued at all 7-Eleven convenience stores in Japan, after completing an application form. It is similar to other point based loyalty cards as users can earn points and use them for purchases or discounts.

As of March 2016, 45 million nanaco cards have been issued, and 215,300 stores accept nanaco payment.

Seven & I Holdings
Seven & i Holdings Co., Ltd. (株式会社セブン&アイ・ホールディングス, Hepburn: Kabushiki gaisha Sebun & Ai Hōrudingusu) is a Japanese diversified retail holdings company headquartered in Nibanchō, Chiyoda, Tokyo. On September 1, 2005, it was established as a result of the integration of three companies: Ito-Yokado, Seven-Eleven Japan, and Denny's Japan. The purpose of this establishment was to create a holding company that would own these three companies. The background behind this decision was that the parent company, Ito-Yokado, was facing deteriorating performance, while its subsidiary, Seven-Eleven Japan, was experiencing growth in both sales and profits and was performing well.
Donghee
Donghee Holdings Co. Ltd. is a South Korean group of companies producing various automotive parts such as chassis, fuel tanks, pedal parts, sunroofs, axle housings and body panels. Donghee Auto Co. Ltd., one of its subsidiaries, co-manufactures the Kia Picanto in a joint venture plant with Kia.

Kia
Kia Corporation (Korean: 기아; pronounced [ki.a]) is a South Korean multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. It is South Korea's second largest automobile manufacturer, after its parent company, Hyundai Motor Company, with sales of over 2.8 million vehicles in 2019. Kia is owned by Hyundai, which holds a 33.88% stake valued at just over US$6 billion. Kia in turn is a minority owner of more than twenty Hyundai subsidiaries ranging from 4.9% up to 45.37%, totaling more than US$8.3 billion.
33rd AVN Awards
The 33rd AVN Awards ceremony, presented by Adult Video News (AVN), honored the best pornographic movies and adult entertainment products of 2015 and took place on January 23, 2016, at The Joint in Hard Rock Hotel and Casino, Paradise, Nevada. During the ceremony, Adult Video News presented AVN Awards (often referred to as the Oscars of porn ) in 115 categories released from October 1, 2014, to September 30, 2015. The ceremony, taped to be televised in the United States by Showtime, was produced by Gary Miller. Comedian and actress Kate Quigley co-hosted the show for the first time, joined by adult movie actresses Joanna Angel and Anikka Albrite.

AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year
The AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year is presented every January in Las Vegas, Nevada at the AVN Awards ceremony sponsored and presented by the American adult video industry trade magazine Adult Video News (AVN). It represents the female porn star who has had the best body of work in the previous year. It has been given annually since 1993.

Tori Black was the first two-time winner, winning back-to-back in 2010 and 2011. Angela White was the first three-time winner, winning back-to-back-to-back in 2018, 2019 and 2020. Kira Noir became the first black woman to win the award in 2023.
Dorothy Bray, Baroness Chandos
Dorothy Bray (or Braye), Baroness Chandos (c. 1524 – 31 October 1605) was an English noblewoman, who served as a Maid of Honour to three queens consort of King Henry VIII of England; Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr. From 1541 to 1543, she had an affair with the latter's married brother, William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton.

In 1546, Dorothy married her first husband Edmund Brydges, 2nd Baron Chandos.

William Parr, Marquess of Northampton
William Parr, Marquess of Northampton, Earl of Essex, 1st Baron Parr, 1st Baron Hart KG (14 August 1513 – 28 October 1571), was the only brother of Queen Katherine Parr, the sixth and final wife of King Henry VIII. He was a "sincere, plain, direct man, not crafty nor involved", whose "delight was music and poetry and his exercise war" who co-authored a treatise on hare coursing. He was in favour with Henry VIII and his son Edward VI, under whom he was the leader of the Protestant party, but having supported the desire of the latter to be succeeded by the Protestant Lady Jane Grey, was attainted by Edward's Catholic half-sister, Queen Mary I. He was restored by her Protestant half-sister, Queen Elizabeth I.