hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weser Uplands
The Weser Uplands (German: Weserbergland, German pronunciation: [ˈveːzɐˌbɛʁklant]) is a hill region in Germany, between Hannoversch Münden and Porta Westfalica, along the river Weser. The area reaches into three states, Lower Saxony, Hesse, and North Rhine-Westphalia. Important towns of this region include Bad Karlshafen, Holzminden, Höxter, Bodenwerder, Hameln, Rinteln, and Vlotho.

The tales of the Brothers Grimm are set in the Weser Uplands, and it has many renaissance buildings, exhibiting a peculiar regional style, the Weser Renaissance style. The region roughly coincides with the natural region of the Lower Saxon Hills defined by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN).

Hann. Münden
Hann. Münden (German pronunciation: [ˈhan ˈmʏndn̩]; short for Hannoversch Münden [haˈnoːfɐʃ ˈmʏndn̩] ⓘ) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Münden lies in the district of Göttingen at the confluence of the Fulda and Werra rivers, which join to form the Weser. It has about 24,000 inhabitants (2013). It is famous for its half-timbered houses, some of them more than 600 years old. There are 10 million cobblestones around the town.
Jesse A. Ladd
Jesse Amos Ladd (21 September 1887 – 14 December 1957) was a United States Army general who served in World War I and World War II.

A graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, ranked 20th in the class of 1911, Ladd served in the Hawaii and with the Pancho Villa Expedition in Mexico. Between the wars he was an instructor in tactics at West Point and the Infantry School at Fort Benning. During World War II he commanded Fort Richardson and Fort Glenn in Alaska, and commanded the Normandy Base Section in the European Theater of Operations. He commanded 9th Infantry Division in the Occupation of Germany, and retired in 1947.

Territory of Alaska
The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the Department of Alaska, 1867–1884; and the District of Alaska, 1884–1912.
Across the Sea of Suns (album)
Across the Sea of Suns is a Jefferson Starship live album.  The album was produced by using recordings from four different live venues: The Bottom Line in New York City; The IMAC at Huntington, New York; New Park Entertainment in Philadelphia; and The Keswick Theatre in Glenside, Pennsylvania. The album had further studio production at American Recording in Calabasas, California. Most of the tracks used for the final album were from The Bottom Line, and none of the tracks recorded in Philadelphia were used. The album was released as a double CD. Grace Slick provided liner notes, writing her own thoughts about sixteen of the songs included.

Calabasas, California
Calabasas (/ˌkæləˈbæsəs/ ⓘ, CAL-ə-BASS-əs; corruption of calabazas, Spanish for "squashes") is a city in the southwestern region of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Situated between the foothills of the Santa Monica and Santa Susana mountains, 29.9 miles (48.1 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles, Calabasas has a population of 22,491 (as of July 1, 2022).
Edmonton Drillers (1979–1982)
The Edmonton Drillers were a North American Soccer League team that played both outdoors and indoors from 1979 to 1982, at the peak of the league's success. The team was brought to Edmonton by local entrepreneur and Edmonton Oilers owner Peter Pocklington, after witnessing the strong support for Brian Rice's Edmonton Black Gold team in 1978. Previous to playing in Edmonton, the team was known as the Oakland Stompers, Hartford Bicentennials and Connecticut Bicentennials.

Connecticut Bicentennials
The Connecticut Bicentennials were an American soccer team that competed in the North American Soccer League (NASL) from 1975 to 1977. Originally founded as the Hartford Bicentennials, the team relocated to New Haven, Connecticut after the 1976 NASL season.  At the end of 1977 season, the team was sold and relocated to California becoming the Oakland Stompers.
Activity coefficient
In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. In an ideal mixture, the microscopic interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or macroscopically equivalent, the enthalpy change of solution and volume variation in mixing is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures can be expressed directly in terms of simple concentrations or partial pressures of the substances present e.g. Raoult's law. Deviations from ideality are accommodated by modifying the concentration by an activity coefficient. Analogously, expressions involving gases can be adjusted for non-ideality by scaling partial pressures by a fugacity coefficient.

The concept of activity coefficient is closely linked to that of activity in chemistry.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
Wyberton
Wyberton is a village in Lincolnshire, England.  It lies just south-west of Boston, and on the B1397 – the former A16 London Road – between Boston and Kirton. The A16 bisects the village. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 3,747.

Wyberton is one of eighteen parishes which, together with Boston, form the Borough of Boston. The local government has been arranged in this way since the reorganization of 1 April 1974, which resulted from the Local Government Act 1972. Wyberton forms an electoral ward in itself. Since the local elections in May 2011, Wyberton has two Boston Borough Councillors, James Knowles (Conservative) and Richard Austin (Boston District Independents)

Hitherto, the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District, in the Parts of Holland. Holland was one of the three divisions – formally known as "parts" – of the traditional county of Lincolnshire. Since the Local Government Act 1888, Holland had been in most respects a county in itself.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
Standard tuning
In music, standard tuning refers to the typical tuning of a string instrument. This notion is contrary to that of scordatura, i.e. an alternate tuning designated to modify either the timbre or technical capabilities of the desired instrument.

Scordatura
Scordatura ([skordaˈtuːra]; literally, Italian for "discord", or "mistuning") is a tuning of a string instrument that is different from the normal, standard tuning. It typically attempts to allow special effects or unusual chords or timbre, or to make certain passages easier to play. It is common to notate the finger position as if played in regular tuning,  while the actual pitch resulting is altered (scordatura notation). When all the strings are tuned by the same interval up or down, as in the case of the viola in Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra, the part is transposed as a whole.
Moimenta-Alcafache train crash
The Moimenta-Alcafache train crash (Portuguese pronunciation: [mojˈmẽtɐ ˌalkɐˈfaʃɨ]) occurred on 11 September 1985 in Mangualde, Portugal, in the Portuguese Linha da Beira Alta. It killed about 150 people,  making it the worst rail disaster in Portuguese history.

Mangualde
Mangualde (European Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐ̃ˈɡwaldɨ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the subregion of Dão-Lafões (historical Beira Interior), central region of Portugal. The population in 2011 was 19,880, in an area of 219.26 km2.
2013 ATP Challenger Tour Finals
The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour Finals is a tennis tournament played at the Sociedade Harmonia de Tênis in São Paulo, Brazil, between 13 and 17 November 2013. It will be the third edition of the event.

It is run by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and is part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. The tournament serves as the season ending championships for players on the ATP Challenger Tour.

The venue went from Ginásio do Ibirapuera to Sociedade Harmonia de Tênis, because of the change of venue, the tournament will be played in outdoor clay courts for the first time. In the previous editions, it was played in indoor hard courts.

2013 ATP Challenger Tour
The ATP Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprised 149 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $220,000.
Stu Voigt
Stuart Alan Voigt (born August 12, 1948) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for 11 seasons with the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers.

Wisconsin Badgers football
The Wisconsin Badgers football program represents the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the sport of American football. Wisconsin competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) within the Big Ten Conference (Big Ten). The Badgers have competed in the Big Ten since its formation in 1896. They play their home games at Camp Randall Stadium, the fourth-oldest stadium in college football.

Wisconsin is one of 26 College football programs to win 700 or more games. The program has been one of the most successful since the 1990s. Wisconsin has had two Heisman Trophy winners, Alan Ameche and Ron Dayne, and has had twelve former players inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
Wörth (Rhein) station
Wörth (Rhein) station—originally Wörth (Pfalz)—is the most important station of the town of Wörth am Rhein in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Deutsche Bahn classifies it as a category 5 station and it has five platforms. The station is located in the area of the Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund (Karlsruhe transport association, KVV) and it belongs to fare zone 540. Since 2001, Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (VRN) tickets are also accepted for travel to or from the VRN area. The address of the station is Bahnhofstraße 44.

It was opened on 15 March 1864 as a through station on the branch of the Maximilian Railway from Winden to Maximiliansau. The gap to Karlsruhe was closed a year later. The extension of the Schifferstadt–Gemersheim railway and its continuation to Strasbourg turned it into a junction station on 15 May 1876. A branch of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn was built through the residential area of Dorschberg in 1997. Its entrance building is under heritage protection.

Winden (Pfalz) station
Winden (Pfalz) station is in the town of Winden in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate and is its public transport node. At the station, the line to Wissembourg in Alsace branches off the Palatine Maximilian Railway (Pfälzische Maximiliansbahn), which runs from Neustadt an der Weinstraße to Karlsruhe. In addition, the Kurbadlinie ("Spa Line") branches off at the station to Bad Bergzabern. It is located at the eastern edge of the town. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station.
Franjo von Allmen
Franjo von Allmen (born 24 July 2001) is a Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer who competes in the speed disciplines of downhill and super-G. Von Allmen won gold medals in three alpine skiing events at the 2026 Winter Olympics: downhill, super-G, and team combined (with Tanguy Nef). He is the first Swiss Olympian to win the super-G and the first athlete since 2002 to win three gold medals at one edition of the games.

Super-G
Super giant slalom, or super-G, is a racing discipline of alpine skiing. Along with the faster downhill, it is regarded as a "speed" event, in contrast to the technical events giant slalom and slalom. It debuted as an official World Cup event during the 1983 season and was added to the official schedule of the World Championships in 1987 and the Winter Olympics in 1988.

Much like downhill, a super-G course consists of widely set gates that racers must pass through. The course is set so that skiers must turn more than in downhill, though the speeds are still much higher than in giant slalom (hence the name). Each athlete only has one run to clock the best time. In the Olympics, super-G courses are usually set on the same slopes as the downhill, but with a lower starting point.
Autonomous Robotics Ltd
Autonomous Robotics Ltd, previously GO Science Ltd, is a British company founded in 2002 to develop an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) with ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) sensors. Since 2014 the company has been a subsidiary of Thalassa Holdings Ltd.

Autonomous underwater vehicle
An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a robot that travels underwater without requiring continuous input from an operator. AUVs constitute part of a larger group of undersea systems known as unmanned underwater vehicles, a classification that includes non-autonomous remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) – controlled and powered from the surface by an operator/pilot via an umbilical or using remote control. In military applications an AUV is more often referred to as an unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV).  Underwater gliders are a subclass of AUVs. Homing torpedoes can also be considered as a subclass of AUVs.
Immortality (2016 film)
Immortality (Persian: جاودانگی - Javdanegi) is a 2016 Iranian experimental drama film directed by Mehdi Fard Ghaderi. and his first feature film.

This movie was recorded entirely on the train. All of the footage takes place on a rainy night using a 145-minute Steadicam one-shot sequence. Immortality was filmed in fourteen nights, and the film was shot twelve times until the end. The final film is one of those twelve takes.

World premiere Immortality was in Rome Film Fest 2016.

Rome Film Festival
International Rome Film Fest (original: Festa del Cinema di Roma) is a film festival that takes place in Rome during the month of October. In 2022, the festival was officially recognized as a competitive festival by the International Federation of Film Producers Associations.
Shelley O'Donnell
Shelley O'Donnell is a former Australia netball international. Between 1990 and 1999, O'Donnell made 84 senior appearances for Australia. She was a member of the Australia teams that won gold medals at the 1991, 1995 and 1999 World Netball Championships, the 1993 World Games and the 1998 Commonwealth Games. During the Esso/Mobil Superleague era, O'Donnell played for several teams, including the Australian Institute of Sport and Contax. Between 1997 and 2005, O'Donnell played for Melbourne Kestrels in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy league. In 1992, she was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia.
In June 2024 Shelley's daughter, Hannah Mundy, was selected in the Australian Diamonds netball squad.

Netball at the 1993 World Games
The Netball tournament at the 1993 World Games was played at Houtrusthallen in The Hague, Netherlands from 28 July and 1 August 1993. The competition included teams from Australia, Canada, England, Jamaica, New Zealand and Wales. Coached by Joyce Brown and captained by Michelle Fielke, Australia won the tournament, winning all five matches they played.
1947 Sylhet referendum
The 1947 Sylhet referendum was held in the Sylhet district of the Assam Province of British India to decide whether the district would remain in undivided Assam and therefore within the post-independence Dominion of India, or leave Assam for East Bengal and consequently join the newly created Dominion of Pakistan. The referendum's turnout was in favour of joining the Pakistani union; however, the district's Karimganj subdivision remained within the Indian state of Assam.

Karimganj district
Karimganj district, officially Sribhumi district, is one of the 35 districts of the Indian state of Assam. The district's administrative headquarters and largest town is Karimganj. Located in southern Assam, it shares borders with the Indian state of Tripura and the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. Alongside Hailakandi and Cachar, it forms the Barak Valley region. Historically, the area was part of Sylhet District before the Partition of India in 1947. It was later designated as a separate district in 1983.
Tropidolaemus huttoni
Common names: Hutton's pit viper. Hutton's tree viper,

Tropidolaemus huttoni is a little-known species of pit viper, a venomous snake in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to the southern Western Ghats of India. There are no subspecies that are currently recognized. Little is known about this species, as this species is known only from two young individuals, based on which it was first described in 1949. Despite long-term and targeted herpetological surveys in the particular hill range (Meghamalai), it has never been re-sighted there or elsewhere since then.

A possible third specimen from the northern Western Ghats is considered to be of doubtful identity at best, as it shares several features typical of T. wagleri complex as well; and its provenance is also currently unresolved.

Meghamalai
Meghamalai (Tamil: மேகமலை), commonly known as the High Wavy Mountains, is a mountain range located in the Western Ghats in the Theni district near Kumily, Tamil Nadu. It is dotted with cardamom plantations and tea plantations. The mountain range is 1,500 metres above sea level, and it is rich in flora and fauna. The area, now mostly planted with tea plants, includes cloudlands, high wavys, venniar, and the manalar estates belonging to the Woodbriar Group. Access is largely restricted and includes largely untouched remnants of evergreen forest.
Shebani Bhaskar
Shebani Mandhakini Bhaskar (born October 7, 1994) is an American cricketer who plays for the United States. She plays as a right-handed batter, wicket-keeper and occasional right-arm leg break bowler. She has appeared in 8 Twenty20 Internationals for the US. She previously played domestic cricket for Tamil Nadu, Otago and Leeward Islands.

United States women's national cricket team
The United States women's cricket team represents the United States in international women's cricket matches. Although the United States has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1965, the team made its international debut in 2009. The United States is one of the leading associate teams in the ICC Americas region and has participated in two editions of the Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier and two editions of the ICC Women's T20 World Cup Qualifier, although it is yet to qualify for any World Cups.
Katowice historic railway station
Katowice historic railway station was the main railway station of Katowice, in the  Silesia region of what is now Poland. Built in 1859 and reconstructed and expanded several times, it was judged obsolete after World War II, and in 1972 decommissioned and replaced by the newly built Katowice railway station. Three years later it was declared a National Monument. It is partially ruined and owned by a private developer who plans to renovate the station buildings and develop the complex into a multifunctional center.

The station mixes neoclassical and modernist historical architecture styles and has been described as "one of the most interesting European railway stations from the architectural perspective".

Revivalism (architecture)
Architectural revivalism is the use of elements that echo the style of a previous architectural era that have or had fallen into disuse or abeyance between their heyday and period of revival. Revivalism, in a narrower sense, refers to the period of and movement within Western architectural history during which a succession of antecedent and reminiscent styles were taken to by architects, roughly from the mid-18th century, and which was itself succeeded by Modernism around the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Notable revival styles include Neoclassical architecture (a revival of Classical architecture), and Gothic Revival (a revival of Gothic architecture). Revivalism is related to historicism.

Western architecture of the 19th century, including Victorian architecture, is an example of Revivalism.
Khui
Khui (fl. c. 2150 BC) was an ancient Egyptian king and/or nomarch during the early First Intermediate Period. Khui may have belonged to the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt, as Jürgen Beckerath has proposed, or he may instead have been a provincial nomarch who proclaimed himself king.

Nomarch
A nomarch (Ancient Greek: νομάρχης, Ancient Egyptian: ḥrj tp ꜥꜣ Great Chief) was a provincial governor in ancient Egypt; the country was divided into 42 provinces, called nomes (singular spꜣ.t, plural spꜣ.wt). A nomarch was the government official responsible for a nome. More recent studies are more cautious about using this term as it is a Greek word that does not exactly match Ancient Egyptian administrative titles and modern scholars often prefer other, more neutral words for describing the heads of the provinces, such as governor.
P(doom)
In AI safety, P(doom) is the probability of existentially catastrophic outcomes (so-called "doomsday scenarios") as a result of artificial intelligence. The exact outcomes in question differ from one prediction to another, but generally allude to the existential risk from artificial intelligence.

Originating as a shorthand for communication in the rationalist community and among AI researchers, the term came to prominence in 2023 following the release of GPT-4, as high-profile figures such as Geoffrey Hinton and Yoshua Bengio began to warn of the risks of AI. In a 2023 survey, AI researchers were asked to estimate the probability that future AI advancements could lead to human extinction or similarly severe and permanent disempowerment within the next 100 years. The mean value from the responses was 14.4%, with a median value of 5%.

AI safety
AI safety is an interdisciplinary field focused on preventing accidents, misuse, or other harmful consequences arising from artificial intelligence (AI) systems. It encompasses AI alignment (which aims to ensure AI systems behave as intended), monitoring AI systems for risks, and enhancing their robustness. The field is particularly concerned with existential risks posed by advanced AI models.

Beyond technical research, AI safety involves developing norms and policies that promote safety, including advocacy for regulations at different levels of government. The field gained significant popularity in 2023, with rapid progress in generative AI and public concerns voiced by researchers and CEOs about potential dangers. During the 2023 AI Safety Summit, the United States and the United Kingdom both established their own AI Safety Institute. However, researchers have expressed concern that AI safety measures are not keeping pace with the rapid development of AI capabilities.