hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wachenheim
Wachenheim an der Weinstraße (German pronunciation: [ˈvaxn̩ˌhaɪm ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈvaɪnˌʃtʁaːsə], lit. 'Wachenheim on the Wine Route'; formerly called Wachenheim an der Haardt, lit. 'Wachenheim on the Haardt') is a small town in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, roughly 1 km south of Bad Dürkheim and 20 km west of Ludwigshafen. It is known above all else for its various businesses in the field of winegrowing, and in particular for Sekt.

Bad Dürkheim
Bad Dürkheim (German pronunciation: [ˌbaːt ˈdʏʁkhaɪm] ⓘ) is a spa town in the Rhine-Neckar urban agglomeration. It is the seat of the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, and the site of the discovery of the element caesium, in 1860.
P-type calcium channel
The P-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. Similar to many other high-voltage-gated calcium channels, the α1 subunit determines most of the channel's properties. The 'P' signifies cerebellar Purkinje cells, referring to the channel's initial site of discovery. P-type calcium channels play a similar role to the N-type calcium channel in neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic terminal and in neuronal integration in many neuronal types.

N-type calcium channel
N-type calcium channels, also called Cav2.2 channels, are voltage gated calcium channels that are localized primarily on the nerve terminals and dendrites as well as neuroendocrine cells. The calcium N-channel consists of several subunits: the primary subunit α1B and the auxiliary subunits α2δ and β. The α1B subunit forms the pore through which the calcium enters and helps to determine most of the channel's properties. These channels play an important role in the neurotransmission during development. In the adult nervous system, N-type calcium channels are critically involved in the release of neurotransmitters, and in pain pathways. N-type calcium channels are the target of ziconotide, the drug prescribed to relieve intractable cancer pain. There are many known N-type calcium channel blockers that function to inhibit channel activity, although the most notable blockers are ω-conotoxins.
1970 Boise State Broncos football team
The 1970 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State College—now known as Boise State University—as a member of the Big Sky Conference during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. This was the third season of Boise State Broncos football at the four-year level and the first for the program as a member of the Big Sky and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Led by third-year head coach Tony Knap, the Broncos were compiled an overall record of 8–3 with a mark of 2–2 in conference play, placing in a three-way tie for third in the Big Sky. Boise State played home games at the new Bronco Stadium, located on campus in Boise, Idaho.

Boise State University
Boise State University (BSU) is a public research university in Boise, Idaho, United States. Founded in 1932 by the Episcopal Church, it became an independent junior college in 1934 and has been awarding baccalaureate and master's degrees since 1965. It became a public institution in 1969.

Boise State offers more than 100 graduate programs, including a variety of MBA programs and the MAcc program in the College of Business and Economics; master's and PhD programs in the Colleges of Engineering, Arts & Sciences, and Education; MPA program in the School of Public Service; and the MPH program in the College of Health Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". In the 2024 fiscal year, Boise State reported total research awards exceeding $83 million and research expenditures surpassing $70 million.

The university's intercollegiate athletic teams, the Broncos, compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mountain West Conference.
Kirrule-type ferry
The Kirrule-type ferries (or Kubu-class) - Kiandra, Kirrule and Kubu - were three identical K-class ferries that operated on Sydney Harbour by Sydney Ferries Limited.

The three steam ferries were built in 1910, 1911 and 1912 at the height of the boom in ferry traffic across Sydney Harbour prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.  They were the second largest type of inner harbour vessels and built for the rapidly increasing North Shore demand.

Sydney Ferries Limited generally choose Australian Aboriginal names for the early twentieth "K-class" steamers. "Kiandra" is a corruption of Aboriginal 'Gianderra' for 'sharp stones for knives' and a town in NSW. Kirrule is thought to mean 'aroused', and 'Kubu' "oak tree".

Sydney K-class ferry
The K-class ferries were a group of double-ended screw steam ferries run by Sydney Ferries Limited and its government successors on Sydney Harbour. The company introduced more than two dozen of the vessels from the 1890s through to the early 20th century to meet the booming demand for ferry services across Sydney Harbour prior to the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932.

The K-names were largely Australian Aboriginal names with their meanings listed in the table below.
Top-six play-offs
After a top-five play-off system was used, a play-off structure involving the top six teams was used to determine the winners of the Super League competition in British rugby league from 2002 through to 2008.

Apart from the grand final, all matches were staged at the home ground of the team placed higher in the final league table. A similar system was used by the Australian National Soccer League. The A-League uses the same system to determine its champions, but with a subtle difference outlined below.

From week two on, the top-six play-offs system reflects exactly the Page playoff system.

With the expansion of Super League from 12 teams to 14 for 2009, the number of teams making the play-offs increased from 6 to 8. For details of the new system, see Super League play-offs.

2009 Super League season
The Engage Super League XIV was the official name for the 2009 season of Super League. Fourteen teams competed over 27 rounds (including the Magic Weekend at Murrayfield Stadium) after which, the highest finishing teams entered the play-offs to compete for a place in the Grand Final and a chance to win the Super League Trophy. The previous Top six play-offs were extended to eight teams.

Salford City Reds and Crusaders join the twelve teams from Super League XIII, following the implementation of a licensing system. Additionally, it was the Crusaders' first ever Super League season. The Catalans Dragons played at least one game in Barcelona, Spain, to try to expand their fan base in Catalonia region.

The season officially kicked off on 6 February, with a Leeds Rhinos defeat of the Celtic Crusaders. It came to a conclusion with Leeds Rhinos beating St. Helens in the Super League Grand Final on 10 October.
1917 Camp Gordon football team
The 1917 Camp Gordon football team represented Camp Gordon in Chamblee, Georgia, during the 1917 college football season.

The team was led by a backfield of former Auburn back and war hero Kirk Newell, former Mercer back Cochran, former Georgia halfback Bob McWhorter, and former Vanderbilt back Wilson Collins. Former Alabama fullback Adrian Van de Graaff backed up Collins. Kid Woodruff of Georgia backed up Newell at quarterback.

On the line, the teams ends were former Virginia player James L. White and former Auburn player Henry W. Robinson. VMI's Blandy Clarkson and Chicago's Royal were tackles.  Dartmouth's Lewis and Charles H. Brown of Vanderbilt were guards. James Bond of Pitt was the team's center. Georgia's Tom Thrash was a sub tackle.

Walter Camp Jr. officiated the Camp Hancock game. Oglethorpe's coach Frank B. Anderson was umpire.

James L. White (coach)
James Livingston White Jr. (January 12, 1893 – December 10, 1949) was an American college baseball, basketball and football head coach for three different Southern universities, the University of Virginia, Wake Forest College and the University of Florida, in the 1910s and 1920s.  He also served as the athletic director for Wake Forest and Florida.
Diomede, Alaska
Diomede (Inupiaq: Iŋaliq, Russian: Диомид, romanized: Diomid) is an incorporated island city in the U.S. state of Alaska. Little Diomede Island is the smaller of the two Diomede Islands that are located in the middle of the Bering Strait; the larger of the two islands, Big Diomede Island, is part of Russia. As of 2020, the population of Diomede is 82.

Diomede's native name, Iŋaliq, means "the other one" or "the one over there".

Big Diomede Island
Big Diomede Island or Tomorrow Island (Russian: Остров Ратманова, romanized: ostrov Ratmanova; Ratmanov Island, Chukot: Имэлин; Inupiaq: Imaqłiq) is the western island of the two Diomede Islands in the middle of the Bering Strait. The island is home to a Russian military base which is located midway along the island's North shore. The island is a part of the Chukotsky District of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of Russia. The border separating Russia and the United States runs north–south through the four-kilometer-wide strait that runs between the two islands.
1996 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 1996 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee as a member of the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Phillip Fulmer, the Volunteers compiled an overall record of 10–2 with a mark of 7–1, placing second in the SEC's Eastern Division. Tennessee was invited to the Florida Citrus Bowl, where the Volunteers defeated Northwestern. The team played home games at Neyland Stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee.

Tennessee had lost to in-state rival Memphis for the first time ever. The Volunteers offense scored 437 points while the defense allowed only 185 points.

1997 Florida Citrus Bowl
The 1997 Florida Citrus Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1, 1997, at the Florida Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The game featured the Northwestern Wildcats and the Tennessee Volunteers.
Bob Hartley
Robert Hartley (born September 7, 1960) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach for Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He most recently served as the head coach of Avangard Omsk of the KHL. He has additionally coached the Latvia men's national ice hockey team. He coached the Colorado Avalanche from 1998–2002 and won the Stanley Cup in 2001. He also coached the Atlanta Thrashers from the 2003–04 season up until the beginning of the 2007–08 season, when he was fired after the Thrashers got off to an 0–6 start.  Hartley has been an ice hockey analyst for the French-language RDS television channel, and became the head coach of the ZSC Lions of the Swiss National League A in March of 2011. From 2012 to 2016, Hartley was the head coach of the Calgary Flames.

2002–03 NHL season
The 2002–03 NHL season was the 86th regular season of the National Hockey League. The Stanley Cup winners were the New Jersey Devils, who won the best of seven series 4–3 against the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.
2011–12 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 2011–12 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 42nd staging of the All-Ireland hurling club championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970.  The draw for the 2011–12 fixtures took place in August 2011. The championship began on 9 October 2011 and ended on 17 March 2012. Clarinbridge were the defending champions, however, they did not qualify for the championship.

Loughgiel Shamrocks secured the title with a 4–13 to 0–17 defeat of Coolderry in the All-Ireland final.
This was their second All-Ireland title.

2010–11 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 2010–11 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 41st staging of Ireland's premier competition at inter-county level for hurling clubs.  A total of fifteen teams competed in the championship, with Clarinbridge defeating O'Loughlin Gaels by 2-18 to 0-12 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.

The championship began on 10 October 2010 and concluded on 17 March 2011.
Makyam language
Makyam Naga (Lasam, Macham Naga, Makyan, Pongnyun, Paung Nyuan) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Myanmar. The Western Makyam Naga dialects share 99% lexical similarity.

It is closely related to other Konyak languages. Makyam is 31%–35% lexically similar with Ponyo-Gongwang Naga, 29%–36% with Leinong Naga, and 27%–28% with Lao variety of Konyak Naga.

Leinong language
Lainong Naga, or Htang Ngan, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Burma. Lainong Naga is spoken in about 32 villages of Lahe Township and northwestern Hkamti Township, Naga Self-Administered Zone (formerly administered as part of Hkamti District), Sagaing Division, Myanmar (Ethnologue). Dialects are Zëūdiāng.

The Lainong Naga dialects share 89%–100% lexical similarity. Lainong Naga is 69%–75% lexically similar with Ponyo-Gongwang Naga, 62%–67% with Khiamniungan Naga, and 37%–41% with Lao variety of Konyak Naga.
2023 Louisiana House of Representatives election
The 2023 Louisiana House of Representatives election was held on October 14, 2023, with runoff elections held on November 18, 2023. All 105 seats in the Louisiana House of Representatives were up for election to four-year terms. It was held concurrently with elections for all statewide offices and the Louisiana State Senate.

Under Louisiana's jungle primary system, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party, and voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation.

2023 Louisiana elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Louisiana on October 14, 2023, with second rounds held on November 18 where needed. Louisiana uses a two round system, where all candidates from all parties share the same ballot in the first round, and if no candidate wins an absolute majority, a runoff between the top two is held.
1909 LSU Tigers football team
The 1909 LSU Tigers football team represented the LSU Tigers of Louisiana State University during the 1909 college football season. The LSU team posted a 6–2 record, losing to Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) champion Sewanee and to an undefeated Arkansas. Notable victories include those over Mississippi and Alabama.

John W. Mayhew, a former halfback at Brown, took over as coach for former Vanderbilt lineman Joe Pritchard midway through the season. College Football Hall of Fame inductee Doc Fenton started at quarterback.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Interstate system (world-systems theory)
The interstate system is a concept used within world-systems theory to describe the system of state relationships that arose either as a concomitant process or as a consequence of the development of the capitalist world-system over the course of the "long" 16th century. The theory of the interstate system holds that all states are defined through their relationship to other states or through participation in the world economy, and that divisions between states help to divide the world into a core, periphery and semi-periphery.

Periphery countries
In world-systems theory, periphery countries are those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries. These countries usually receive a disproportionately small share of global wealth. They have weak state institutions and are dependent on—and, according to some, exploited by—more developed countries. These countries are usually behind because of obstacles such as lack of technology, unstable government, and poor education and health systems. In some instances, the exploitation of periphery countries' agriculture, cheap labor, and natural resources aid core countries in remaining dominant. This is best described by dependency theory, which is one theory on how globalization can affect the world and the countries in it. It is, however, possible for periphery countries to rise out of their status and move into semi-periphery or core status. This can be done by doing things such as industrializing, stabilizing the government and political climate, etc.
Soundproofing
Soundproofing is any means of impeding sound propagation. There are several methods employed including increasing the distance between the source and receiver, decoupling, using noise barriers to reflect or absorb the energy of the sound waves, using damping structures such as sound baffles for absorption, or using active anti-noise sound generators.

Acoustic quieting and noise control can be used to limit unwanted noise. Soundproofing can reduce the transmission of unwanted direct sound waves from the source to an involuntary listener through the use of distance and intervening objects in the sound path (see sound transmission class and sound reduction index).

Soundproofing can suppress unwanted indirect sound waves such as reflections that cause echoes and resonances that cause reverberation.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
2021–22 Kansas State Wildcats women's basketball team
The 2021–22 Kansas State Wildcats women's basketball team represented Kansas State University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Wildcats were led by eighth-year head coach Jeff Mittie. They played their home games at Bramlage Coliseum in Manhattan, Kansas and were members of the Big 12 Conference.

On January 23, 2022 against Oklahoma, junior Ayoka Lee set an NCAA women's basketball record of 61 points in a single game, breaking the previous record of 60 points.

2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season
The 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 9, 2021. The regular season ended on March 6, 2022, with the 2022 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament beginning on March 18, and ending with the championship game at the Target Center in Minneapolis on April 3.
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3
The Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Fold3, sold as Samsung Galaxy Fold 3 in certain territories) is a foldable smartphone that is part of the Samsung Galaxy Z series. It was revealed by Samsung Electronics on August 11, 2021 at the Samsung Unpacked event alongside the Z Flip 3. It is the successor to the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 2.

In March 2022, Samsung rebranded the device as "Galaxy Fold 3" in certain Eastern European territories, potentially due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Russia's use of Z for military vehicles.

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 2
The Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 2 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Fold2 and sold as Samsung Galaxy Fold 2 in certain territories) is an Android-based foldable smartphone developed by Samsung Electronics for its Galaxy Z series, succeeding the Galaxy Fold. It was announced on August 5, 2020 alongside the Galaxy Note 20, the Galaxy Tab S7, the Galaxy Buds Live, and the Galaxy Watch 3 during the Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event. Samsung later revealed pricing and availability details on September 1, before being progressively released to all major markets on September 18.

On October 9, 2024, Samsung stopped security updates to the phone.
1978 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1978 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented Pennsylvania State University as an independent during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by 13th-year head coach Joe Paterno, the Nittany Lions compiled a record of 11–1 with a loss to Alabama in the Sugar Bowl. Penn State played home games at Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.

Chuck Fusina
Charles Anthony Fusina (born May 31, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL) and United States Football League (USFL) from 1979 to 1986. He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions, and was recognized as a unanimous All-American in 1978.  Fusina played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Green Bay Packers of the NFL, and the Philadelphia / Baltimore Stars of the USFL.
Träd fram du nattens gud
"Träd fram du nattens gud" (Step forth, thou god of night), "Aftonkväde" (Song at Nightfall), or Fredmans sånger no. 32 is a nature-lyrical Swedish song by Carl Michael Bellman, a nocturne in the style of Edward Young's Night-Thoughts.

The song depicts gods and other mythological beings, and a summer night after a long drought. In the night landscape are peace and rest, but also threatening creatures, both natural, like snakes and martens, and supernatural. Nature is strongly mythologised; night falls because a god commands it, bringing sleep to the mythical beings. The song ends with an announcement that the narrator is falling asleep.

Fredmans sånger
Fredmans sånger (in English, Fredman's Songs or Songs of Fredman) is a collection of 65 poems and songs published in 1791 by the Swedish poet Carl Michael Bellman.

As a follow-up to Fredmans epistlar from the previous year, the book contains songs from a longer period. There are bible travesties ("Gubben Noak", "Gubben Loth och hans gamla Fru", "Joachim uti Babylon"), drinking songs ("Bacchi Proclama", "Til buteljen"), rococo pastorales (Opp Amaryllis!), and lyrical passages ("Fjäriln vingad syns på Haga").

Several of these songs including Gubben Noak and Fjäriln vingad are known by heart by many Swedes.
Efosa Ojomo
Efosa Ojomo is a Nigerian author, researcher and speaker. He leads the Global Prosperity research group at the Clayton Christensen Institute for Disruptive Innovation, a think tank based in Boston and Silicon Valley and is a senior research fellow at the Harvard Business School. Efosa speaks regularly on innovation and has presented his work at TED, the Aspen Ideas Festival, the World Bank, Harvard, Yale, Oxford and at several other conferences and institutions. In January 2019, Efosa and Harvard Business School professor, Clayton Christensen published "The Prosperity Paradox: How Innovation Can Lift Nations Out of Poverty".

Clayton Christensen
Clayton Magleby Christensen (April 6, 1952 – January 23, 2020) was an American academic and business consultant who developed the theory of "disruptive innovation", which has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century. Christensen introduced "disruption" in his 1997 book The Innovator's Dilemma, and it led The Economist to term him "the most influential management thinker of his time." He was the Kim B. Clark Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School (HBS), and was also a leader and writer in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was one of the founders of the Jobs to Be Done development methodology.

Christensen was also a co-founder of Rose Park Advisors, a venture capital firm, and Innosight, a management consulting and investment firm specializing in innovation.