hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Catlin
David William Catlin (born 12 May 1952 Rochester, Pennsylvania) is an American mathematician who works on the theory of several complex variables.

Catlin received in 1978 his Ph.D. from Princeton University under Joseph Kohn with thesis Boundary Behavior of Holomorphic Functions on Weakly Pseudoconvex Domains. He is a professor at Purdue University.

He solved a boundary behavior problem of complex analysis in several variables, on which his teacher Kohn worked in detail and which was originally formulated by Donald Spencer, a particular case of the Neumann problem for , a non-elliptic boundary value problem.

Catlin was an Invited Speaker with talk Regularity of solutions of the -Neumann problem at the ICM in 1986 in Berkeley. In 1989 he received the inaugural Stefan Bergman Prize.

His brother Paul Allen Catlin (1948–1995) also achieved fame as a mathematician, doing research on graph theory.

Stefan Bergman Prize
The Stefan Bergman Prize is a mathematics award, funded by the estate of the widow of mathematician Stefan Bergman and supported by the American Mathematical Society. The award is granted for mathematical research in: "1) the theory of the kernel function and its applications in real and complex analysis; or 2) function-theoretic methods in the theory of partial differential equations of elliptic type with attention to Bergman's operator method."

The award is given in honor of Stefan Bergman, a mathematician known for his work on complex analysis. Recipients of the prize are selected by a committee of judges appointed by the American Mathematical Society. The monetary value of the prize is variable and based on the income from the prize fund; in 2005 the award was valued at approximately $17,000.
Jacques Bridou
Jacques Bridou (8 October 1911 - 1953) was a French bobsledder who competed in the 1930s. He won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1934 FIBT World Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Bridou also competed at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, finishing ninth in the four-man and 14th in the two-man events.

He was also one of the leading figures of the French Resistance during World War II, helping to establish and lead a network known as ALLIANCE that would later be led by his sister, Marie-Madeleine Fourcade. He had been recruited into the French Resistance by Kenneth Cohen, a high-ranking case officer at the British Secret Intelligence Service. Bridou was also the one who introduced Marie to Georges Loustaunau-Lacau.

Georges Loustaunau-Lacau
Georges Loustaunau-Lacau (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ lustono lako]; 17 April 1894 – 11 February 1955) was a French army officer, anti-communist, anti-Nazi resistant, and politician. His codename in the French Resistance was Navarre. Before the Second World War, Loustaunau-Lacau was involved in far-right anti-communist activities. During the war, he was contracted by the British Secret Intelligence Service to spy on his bosses in the Vichy French government, organizing a massive movement in the French Resistance known as ALLIANCE, before being arrested in North Africa. His organization was taken over by the siblings Jacques Bridou and Marie-Madeleine Fourcade. He was sent to a concentration camp, but managed to escape. After the war, despite having been instrumental in the defeat of the Nazis, he was thought of as untrustworthy by the French, especially because he was an anti-Gaullist. His involvement in anti-communism was often seen as a smokescreen for Fascist sympathies.
See District, Fribourg
See or Lac District (German: Seebezirk, French: District du Lac) is one of the seven districts of the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. Lying to the north of the canton, the district is bilingual (French/German). Its territory enclaves the Bernese municipality of Münchenwiler, while its own village of Wallenbuch (now part of Gurmels) is an exclave within Bern. It has a population of 37,695 (as of 31 December 2020).

Canton of Fribourg
The canton of Fribourg, also canton of Freiburg, is located in western Switzerland. The canton is bilingual, with French spoken by more than two thirds of the citizens and German by a little more than a quarter. Both are official languages in the canton. The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg.
Second Smaiylov Government
The Second Smaiylov Government (Kazakh: Смайылов екінші үкіметі, romanized: Smayılov ekinşi ükimeti; Russian: Второе правительство Смаилова) was the 18th composition of the Government of Kazakhstan under the leadership of Prime Minister Alihan Smaiylov. It was formed shortly after the 2023 legislative election, where the First Smaiylov Government previously resigned. On 30 March 2023, Smaiylov was reappointed as PM by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev after the lower house Mäjilis' confirmation in an 82–7 vote with eight abstentions.

In February 2024, President Tokayev dismissed Smaiylov from the post of Prime Minister, leading to Roman Sklyar briefly assuming the role of acting PM. Subsequently, Oljas Bektenov was appointed by the parliament to officially succeed Smaiylov as the Prime Minister and form the 15th government.

Roman Sklyar
Roman Vasilievich Sklyar (/roʊˈmɑːn skliˈɑːr/; Russian: Роман Васильевич Скляр, IPA: [rɐˈman vɐˈsʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ sklʲar]; born 8 May 1971) is a Kazakh politician and economist who's currently serving as the First Deputy Prime Minister from January 2022. During his tenure, he was briefly the Acting Prime Minister of Kazakhstan in February 2024.

Sklyar was the deputy akim of Pavlodar from 2005 to 2006, deputy and first deputy akim of Pavlodar Region from 2008 to 2011, Vice Minister of Transport and Communications from 2011 to 2013, member of the Mäjilis and Vice Minister of National Economy in 2016, Vice and First Vice Minister for Investment and Development from 2016 to 2019, and Minister of Industry and Infrastructure Development in 2019.
Knee
In humans and other primates, the knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint). It is the largest joint in the human body. The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.

It is often termed a compound joint having tibiofemoral and patellofemoral components. (The fibular collateral ligament is often considered with tibiofemoral components.)

Leg
A leg is a weight-bearing and locomotive anatomical structure, usually having a columnar shape. During locomotion, legs function as "extensible struts".  The combination of movements at all joints can be modeled as a single, linear element capable of changing length and rotating about an omnidirectional "hip" joint.

As an anatomical animal structure, it is used for locomotion. The distal end is often modified to distribute force (such as a foot). Most animals have an even number of legs.

As a component of furniture, it is used for the economy of materials needed to provide the support for the useful surface, such as the table top or chair seat.
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1985–1989
This is a list of members of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1986 to 1989, as elected at the 1985 state election:

1  Stan Evans, the MLA for Davenport and former Liberal MLA for Fisher, had been re-elected as an independent in 1985 after losing a preselection battle against incumbent Liberal and factional opponent Dean Brown. Evans subsequently rejoined the Liberal Party in 1986.

1985 South Australian state election
State elections were held in South Australia on 7 December 1985. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Premier of South Australia John Bannon increased its majority, and defeated the Liberal Party of Australia led by Leader of the Opposition John Olsen.
Edward Dodd (police officer)
Sir Edward James Dodd, CBE, OStJ, QPM (19 October 1909 – 16 September 1966) was Chief Inspector of Constabulary from 1963 until his death.

Dodd was educated at Reading School and HMS Conway. He served with the Merchant Navy and the Royal Naval Reserve from 1925 to 1931. He was with the Metropolitan Police from 1931 to 1941. He was the 2nd Assistant Chief Constable of the Birmingham City Police from 1941 to 1944, the 1st Assistant Chief Constable from 1944 to 1945 and Chief Constable from 1945 to 1963.

He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1949 Birthday Honours received the Queen's Police Medal (QPM) in the 1958 New Year Honours, and was made a Knight Bachelor in the 1964 New Year Honours.

1949 Birthday Honours
The 1949 King's Birthday Honours were appointments by many of the Commonwealth Realms of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made "on the occasion of the Celebration of His Majesty's Birthday", and were published in supplements to the London Gazette of 3 June 1949 for the British Empire, New Zealand, India and Ceylon.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
USENIX
USENIX is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit membership organization based in Berkeley, California and founded in 1975 that supports advanced computing systems, operating system (OS), and computer networking research. It organizes several conferences in these fields.

Steven M. Bellovin
Steven M. Bellovin is a researcher on computer networking and security who has been a professor in the computer science department at Columbia University since 2005. Previously, Bellovin was a fellow at AT&T Labs Research in Florham Park, New Jersey.

In September 2012, Bellovin was appointed chief technologist for the United States Federal Trade Commission, replacing Edward W. Felten, who returned to Princeton University. He served in this position from September 2012 to August 2013.

In February 2016, Bellovin became the first technology scholar for the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board.
Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park
The Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park (Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Rumanuyika-Karagwe, In Swahili) is a Tanzanian national park located in the Karagwe, Kyerwa District of Kagera Region. The national park covers an area of The 247 km2, which is named after the Karagwe kingdom that peaked in the 19th century under the leadership of King Rumanyika I Orugundu, who ruled from 1855 to 1882. The Park was once gazetted as Rumanyika Orugundu Game Reserve in his honor.

Kagera Region
Kagera Region (Mkoa wa Kagera in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,686 km2 (13,778 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the land area of the Netherlands. Kagera Region is bordered to the east by Lake Victoria, Mwanza Region and Mara Region. The region is bordered to the south by Geita Region and Kigoma Region. Lastly, Kagera borders Rwanda to the west, Uganda to the north and Burundi to the south west.
The regional capital city is Bukoba. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,989,299, an increase from 2,458,023 recorded in 2012.
Danger (Erykah Badu song)
"Danger" is a song recorded by American singer Erykah Badu for her third studio album Worldwide Underground (2003). It was written and produced by Badu, James Poyser, Rashad Smith and R.C. Williams. The song samples and is a sequel to Badu's single "Otherside of the Game" (1997), being set further along in the couple's relationship, after the protagonist's boyfriend has been arrested. It was released as the lead single from Worldwide Underground on August 4, 2003, by Motown Records.

A minor commercial success, "Danger" peaked at number 82 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 27 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. Since its release, the song has been performed live on almost all of Badu's concert tours.

James Poyser
James Jason Poyser (b. January 30, 1967) is an American record producer, multi-instrumentalist, and songwriter from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He has been a member of the hip hop band The Roots since 2009, and plays with The Roots in the house band for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and formerly, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.
Jack Thompson (American football)
Jack Byron Thompson (born May 18, 1956), nicknamed "the Throwin' Samoan", is an American Samoan former professional football quarterback. Thompson played in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons, four with the Cincinnati Bengals and two with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He played college football for the Washington State Cougars. He was selected by the Bengals in the first round of the 1979 NFL draft with the third overall pick.

His nickname was bestowed on him by Spokesman-Review columnist Harry Missildine during Thompson's breakout sophomore season at Washington State in 1976.

Washington State Cougars football
The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12) Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894.

The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 35,117. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November but that is no longer the case with the Washington Huskies joining the Big Ten.
Siege of Hereford
The siege of Hereford took place in 1645 during the English Civil War when the city of Hereford and its English Royalist garrison was besieged by a Scottish Covenanter army under the command of the Earl of Leven. The Covenanters were allied to the  English Parliamentarian cause and moved to take the Royalist stronghold in the wake of their victory at the Battle of Naseby. After a month-long siege, the approach of Royalist reinforcements and news of Montrose's victories against the Covenanters in Scotland forced Leven to abandon the siege and retreat. However, in December of the same year the city was taken in a surprise attack by Colonel John Birch and remained in Parliamentarian hands for the remainder of the conflict.

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
Patricia Fox
Patricia Fox is an Australian religious figure, a member of the Congregation of Our Lady of Sion. She is known for her ejection from the Philippines by president Rodrigo Duterte. Prior to this, she was the National Coordinator of the Rural Missionaries of the Philippines.

Rural Missionaries of the Philippines
The Rural Missionaries of the Philippines is a national organization in the Philippines composed of female and male religious clergy and laypeople who advocate for the welfare of peasants in the Philippines. The organization engages in missionary and advocacy work among rural communities of farmers, fisherfolk, and indigenous people on the improvement of their lives and on their human rights. The group has faced continuous opposition from the Philippine government because of its missionary work.
Haotouzhuang Hui Ethnic Township
Haotouzhuang Hui Ethnic Township (simplified Chinese: 号头庄回族乡; traditional Chinese: 號頭莊回族鄉; pinyin: Hàotóuzhuāng Huízú Xiāng; Xiao'erjing: هَوْتِوْتُوْا خُوِذُو سِیْا) is an ethnic township under the administration of Dingzhou City in Hebei province, China, located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of downtown Dingzhou in the southern part of Baoding City. As of 2011, it has 17 villages under its administration.

Dingzhou
Dingzhou, formerly romanized Tingchow and formerly known as Ding County or Dingxian, is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Baoding in Hebei Province, China. As of 2020, Dingzhou had a population of 1.1 million. Dingzhou has 3 subdistricts, 13 towns, 8 townships, and 1 ethnic township. Dingzhou is about halfway between Baoding and Shijiazhuang, 196 kilometers (122 mi) southwest of Beijing, and 68 kilometers (42 mi) northeast of Shijiazhuang.
Overisel Township, Michigan
Overisel Township is a civil township of Allegan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,113 at the 2020 census.

Overisel was named after the Dutch province of Overijssel.  Overisel is the birthplace of mathematician George David Birkhoff, best known for what is now called the ergodic theorem.

George David Birkhoff
George David Birkhoff (March 21, 1884 – November 12, 1944) was one of the top American mathematicians of his generation. He made valuable contributions to the theory of differential equations, dynamical systems, the four-color problem, the three-body problem, and general relativity. Today, Birkhoff is best remembered for the ergodic theorem. The George D. Birkhoff House, his residence in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has been designated a National Historic Landmark.
Turpan Museum
Turpan Museum (Chinese: 吐魯番博物館) is a museum in Turpan, Xinjiang, China. It has items from the Tang dynasty excavated from the Astana Graves which are located outside the town. Items include ancient silks, clothes and preserved corpses.

Turpan
Turpan (Uyghur: Turpan) or Turfan (Chinese: 吐鲁番) is a prefecture-level city located in the east of the autonomous region of Xinjiang, China. It has an area of 69,759 km2 (26,934 sq mi) and a population of 693,988 (2020). The historical center of the prefectural area has shifted a number of times, from Yar-Khoto (Jiaohe, 10 km or 6.2 mi to the west of modern Turpan) to Qocho (Gaochang, 30 km or 19 mi to the southeast of Turpan) and to Turpan itself.
Billings, West Virginia
Billings is an unincorporated community in Roane County, West Virginia, United States. Billings is located on West Virginia Route 14 and the Left Fork Reedy Creek, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) northwest of Spencer.

Roane County, West Virginia
Roane County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,028. Its county seat is Spencer. The county was founded in 1856 and is named for Spencer Roane.
Hueysville, Kentucky
Hueysville, also known as Bosco, is an unincorporated community in Floyd County, Kentucky, United States. It has a post office with a ZIP Code of 41640. Hueysville is located on Salt Lick Creek Road (former Kentucky Route 7) west of Kentucky Route 550 (former KY 80). CSX Transportation's E&BV Subdivision passes through Hueysville. It is also on Kentucky Route 80.

Floyd County, Kentucky
Floyd County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,942. Its county seat is Prestonsburg. The county, founded in 1800, is named for Colonel John Floyd (1750–1783).
Carrol Junction, Missouri
Carrol Junction (also known as Carroll) is an unincorporated community in Laclede County, in the Ozarks of south central Missouri. The community is located along the railroad line just west of Interstate 44 and 1.75 miles southwest of Sleeper.

The community was named after W. C. Carroll, a local farmer.

Laclede County, Missouri
Laclede County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,039. Its county seat is Lebanon. The county was organized February 24, 1849, and was named after Pierre Laclède, founder of St. Louis.

Laclede County comprises the Lebanon, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Schnabelwaid–Bayreuth railway
The Schnabelwaid–Bayreuth railway is an 18.2 km long single-track main line from  Schnabelwaid via Creußen to Bayreuth in the German state of Bavaria. It is part of the Saxon-Franconian trunk line (German: Sachsen-Franken-Magistrale).

Bayreuth
Bayreuth (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪʁɔʏt] ⓘ or [baɪˈʁɔʏt] ⓘ; Upper Franconian: Bareid, pronounced [ba(ː)ˈɾaɪ̯t]) is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtel Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the 21st century, it is the capital of Upper Franconia and has a population of 72,148 (2015). It hosts the annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.
Luk Keng Village
Luk Keng Village or Luk Keng Tsuen (Chinese: 鹿頸村) is a village located on the Yam O peninsula on Lantau Island in the New Territories of Hong Kong, which links to Cheung Sok, a nearby uninhabited island, via the "Angel's Road," a tombolo path accessible only at low tide. Although nearby areas including Sunny Bay station have been developed, Luk Keng Village is still preserved as an undeveloped rural heritage area.

Lantau Island
Lantau Island (also Lantao Island, Lan Tao or Lan Tau) is the largest island in Hong Kong. Located west of Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, it is part of the New Territories. Administratively, most of Lantau Island is part of the Islands District of Hong Kong. A small northeastern portion of the island is located in the Tsuen Wan District.

Originally an island with fishing villages, it has been developed since the late 20th century with the construction of Tung Chung New Town on its north-western coast and the completion of several major infrastructure projects, including Lantau Link (1997), Hong Kong International Airport (1998), Hong Kong Disneyland (2005), and the Ngong Ping 360 gondola lift (2006).
Infinite product
In mathematics, for a sequence of complex numbers a1, a2, a3, ... the infinite product

is defined to be the limit of the partial products a1a2...an as n increases without bound. The product is said to converge when the limit exists and is not zero. Otherwise the product is said to diverge.  A limit of zero is treated specially in order to obtain results analogous to those for infinite sums. Some sources allow convergence to 0 if there are only a finite number of zero factors and the product of the non-zero factors is non-zero, but for simplicity we  will not allow that here. If the product converges, then the limit of the sequence an as n increases without bound must be 1, while the converse is in general not true.

The best known examples of infinite products are probably some of the formulae for π, such as the following two products, respectively by Viète (Viète's formula, the first published infinite product in mathematics) and John Wallis (Wallis product):

François Viète
François Viète (French: [fʁɑ̃swa vjɛt]; 1540 – 23 February 1603), known in Latin as Franciscus Vieta, was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to his innovative use of letters as parameters in equations. Because of this, Viète is sometimes called "the father of modern algebraic notation". He was a lawyer by trade, and served as a privy councillor to both Henry III and Henry IV of France.