hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xu Yuanlang
Xu Yuanlang (徐圓朗) (died 26 March 623) was an agrarian rebel leader who rose against the rule of the Chinese Sui dynasty late in the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui.  After doing so, he did not initially claim any royal title, instead successively submitting nominally to Li Mi the Duke of Wei, Emperor Yang's grandson Yang Tong, Dou Jiande the Prince of Xia, and the Tang dynasty. After Dou was defeated and killed by Tang in 621, Xu briefly re-submitted to Tang, but rose again later that year when Dou's general Liu Heita the Prince of Handong rose against Tang, allying himself with Liu. He claimed the title of Prince of Lu. Tang forces defeated both Liu and Xu in 622, and Xu was killed in flight in 623, ending Xu's state of Lu.

Yang Tong
Yang Tong (Chinese: 楊侗; 600s – June or July 619), known in traditional histories by his princely title of Prince of Yue (越王) or by his era name as Lord Huangtai (皇泰主), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Gong of Sui (隋恭帝), courtesy name Renjin (仁謹), was an emperor of China's Sui dynasty. During the disturbances that permeated throughout the Sui state late in the dynasty's history, his grandfather Emperor Yang left him in charge of the eastern capital Luoyang, and after Emperor Yang was killed by the general Yuwen Huaji in 618, the Sui officials in Luoyang declared Yang Tong emperor. However, soon one of those officials, Wang Shichong, seized power, and in 619 had Yang Tong yield the throne to him, ending the Sui dynasty. Soon, he was killed on Wang's orders.
William Corbett (poet)
William Corbett (October 11, 1942 – August 10, 2018) was an American poet, essayist, editor, educator, and publisher.

Corbett's work and public readings acknowledge the influence on him of jazz, modernist and imagist poetry (especially William Carlos Williams and Ezra Pound in his later work), the group of poets in Donald Allen's seminal anthology The New American Poetry 1945–1960, many of them from the Black Mountain College community (most notably Allen Ginsberg, Frank O'Hara, James Schuyler, his friends Robert Creeley and John Wieners, and his mentor, Charles Olson), classical Chinese poets (mainly Li Po), and French poetry of the mid-19th to early 20th centuries (especially Guillaume Apollinaire).

James Schuyler
James Marcus Schuyler (November 9, 1923 – April 12, 1991) was an American poet.  His awards include the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his 1980 collection The Morning of the Poem. He was a central figure in the New York School and is often associated with fellow New York School poets John Ashbery, Frank O'Hara, Kenneth Koch, and Barbara Guest.
Keith Thomas (historian)
Sir Keith Vivian Thomas CH FBA FRHistS FLSW (born 2 January 1933) is a Welsh historian of the early modern world based at Oxford University. He is best known as the author of Religion and the Decline of Magic and Man and the Natural World. From 1986 to 2000, he was president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.

Order of the Companions of Honour
The Order of the Companions of Honour is an order of the Commonwealth realms. It was founded on 4 June 1917 by King George V as a reward for outstanding achievements. It was founded on the same date as the Order of the British Empire.

The order was originally intended to be conferred upon a limited number of persons for whom this special distinction seemed to be the most appropriate form of recognition, constituting an honour dissociated from either the acceptance of title or the classification of merit. It is now described as being "awarded for having a major contribution to the arts, science, medicine, or government lasting over a long period of time". The first recipients of the order were all decorated for "services in connection with the war" and were listed in The London Gazette.
West Gosforth railway station
West Gosforth was a railway station on the Ponteland Railway, which ran between South Gosforth and Ponteland, with a sub-branch line to Darras Hall. The station served Gosforth in Newcastle upon Tyne. It was opened in 1905, closed to passengers in 1929, and to goods traffic in 1967.

The station was situated near to the junction of the Great North Road (B1318) and Hollywood Avenue. The station site is now occupied by the Regent Centre Interchange on the Tyne and Wear Metro.

Darras Hall railway station
Darras Hall was a railway station on the Ponteland Railway, which ran between South Gosforth and Ponteland, with a sub-branch line to Darras Hall. The station served Darras Hall in Northumberland.

The station was opened on 1 October 1913, by the North Eastern Railway. It consisted of a single timber platform, with a wooden building, and was located near to Broadway.

In the mid- and late-1920s, an unscheduled service operated from Darras Hall for colliery workers at Belsay and Wallridge. The 7½-mile line, which linked with the Ponteland Railway, was known as the Wallridge Mineral Railway.
NetLink Trust
NetLink Trust, formerly known as OpenNet, is the owner, designer, builder and operator of the passive fibre network structure (comprising ducts, manholes, fibre cables and central offices) of Singapore's Next Generation Nationwide Broadband Network (NGNBN).

The NGNBN is a project under the Intelligent Nation 2015 master plan by the Infocomm Media Development Authority of Singapore, which seeks to transform Singapore into an intelligent nation and global city, powered by info-communications.

NetLink Trust held an initial public offering in 2017, under the name NetLink NBN Trust, at which point it was a subsidiary of Singtel.

NetLink NBN Trust is registered as a business trust under the Business Trusts Act, Chapter 31A of Singapore, and was listed on the Main Board of the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited on 19 July 2017.

Singtel
Singapore Telecommunications Limited, trading as Singtel, is a Singaporean telecommunications conglomerate, the country's principal fixed-line operator and one of the four major mobile network operators operating in the country.
1937 Chapel Hill race riot
The 1937 Chapel Hill Race Riot was an instance of civil unrest in Orange County, North Carolina during the Great Depression. It began at the border between the towns of Carrboro and Chapel Hill near where Carrboro's Main Street meets Chapel Hill's West Franklin Street, at Yarborough’s service station.

The incident, also called the outrage on Franklin Street, took place amidst heightened economic hardships for both white and black workers in the area, as well as a complete lack of public services for Black neighborhoods. Geeta N. Kapur and John K. Chapman each described the incident as a revolt by Black workers.

Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Chapel Hill is a town in the counties of Orange and Durham, North Carolina, United States. Its population was 61,960 in the 2020 United States census, making Chapel Hill the 17th-most populous municipality in the state. Chapel Hill and Durham make up the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 608,879 in 2023. When it is combined with Raleigh, the state capital, they make up the corners of the Research Triangle (officially the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area), which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.

The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street, covering 21.3 square miles (55 km2). It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence. Local artists have created many murals in the town.
Naoya Ogawa
Naoya Ogawa (Japanese: 小川 直也, Ogawa Naoya) (born 31 March 1968) is a Japanese world champion judoka, retired professional wrestler, and mixed martial artist. He won a total of seven medals at the All-Japan Judo Championships (second only behind Yasuhiro Yamashita), and set a record of seven medals at the World Judo Championships. Ogawa won the silver medal in the +95 kg judo weight class at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Ogawa is also known for his career in professional wrestling, where he primarily worked for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), and took part in one of the promotion's most high-profile feuds of the 1990s with Shinya Hashimoto. Ogawa was also professional wrestling's two-time National Wrestling Alliance World's Heavyweight Champion.

Yasuhiro Yamashita
Yasuhiro Yamashita (山下 泰裕, Yamashita Yasuhiro; born 1 June 1957) is a Japanese judoka. He currently works as an instructor or advisor for numerous organizations, including Tokai University, the International Judo Federation, and the All Japan Judo Federation. He retired from competitive judo on 17 June 1985 after a remarkable career where he won five gold medals in international competitions and marked 203 consecutive victories (with 7 draws in-between) until his retirement where he went undefeated his entire career against non-Japanese wrestlers. He received the Japanese National Prize of Honor on 9 October 1984. He is considered by many to be the greatest judoka ever.
Gboyega Oyetola
Adegboyega Isiaka Oyetola ListenⓘCON (born 29 September 1954) is a Nigerian politician who is the current minister of Marine and Blue Economy. He served as governor of Osun State from 2018 to 2022.

He contested for the Osun State gubernatorial seat on the platform of the All Progressives Congress (APC) in the September 2018 gubernatorial election and won. On 23 March 2019, a tribunal declared him to have not been legally returned and ordered INEC to issue certificates of return to Senator Ademola Adeleke of the PDP, which was contested at the Court of Appeal. Before he won the election, he was the Chief of Staff to his predecessor, Rauf Aregbesola.

He was appointed minister of transportation by President Bola Tinubu on 16 August 2023, but redeployed four days later to the newly created Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy.

Rauf Aregbesola
Ogbeni Rauf Adesoji Aregbesola ((Listenⓘ); born 25 May 1957) is a Nigerian politician who served as the minister of the Interior of Nigeria from 2019 to 2023. He previously served as governor of Osun State from 2010 to 2018. He is currently the interim national secretary of the African Democratic Congress (ADC) after his defection from the APC to the party in 2025.
Unethical human experimentation
Unethical human experimentation is human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics. Such practices have included denying patients the right to informed consent, using pseudoscientific frameworks such as race science, and torturing people under the guise of research. Around World War II, Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany carried out brutal experiments on prisoners and civilians through groups like Unit 731 or individuals like Josef Mengele; the Nuremberg Code was developed after the war in response to the Nazi experiments. Countries have carried out brutal experiments on marginalized populations. Examples include American abuses during Project MKUltra and the Tuskegee syphilis experiments, and the mistreatment of indigenous populations in Canada and Australia. The Declaration of Helsinki, developed by the World Medical Association, is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics.

Medical torture
Medical torture describes the involvement of, or sometimes instigation by, medical personnel in acts of torture, either to judge what victims can endure, to apply treatments which will enhance torture, or as torturers in their own right. Medical torture overlaps with medical interrogation if it involves the use of professional medical expertise to facilitate interrogation or corporal punishment, in the conduct of torturous human experimentation or in providing professional medical sanction and approval for the torture of prisoners. Medical torture also covers torturous scientific (or pseudoscientific) experimentation upon unwilling human subjects.
Insyde Software
Insyde Software (Chinese: 系微公司; pinyin: Xìwēi Gōngsī) is a company that specializes in UEFI system firmware and engineering support services, primarily for OEM and ODM computer and component device manufacturers. They are listed on the Gre Tai Market of Taiwan and headquartered in Taipei, with offices in Westborough, Massachusetts, and Portland, Oregon.

Taipei Exchange
Taipei Exchange (Chinese: 證券櫃檯買賣中心; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chèng-kǹg Kūi-tâi Bé-bē Tiong-sim), formerly the GreTai Securities Market (GTSM), is a non-profit foundation set up to manage over-the-counter (OTC) market and bond trading in Taiwan. It was founded on 1 November 1994. The initial fund of the foundation was contributed by the Taiwan Stock Exchange, Taiwan Securities Association, and Taiwan Depository & Clearing. Its headquarters is in the Zhongzheng District of Taipei City. In February 2015, the Gre Tai Securities Market changed its name to Taipei Exchange.

The exchange has normal trading sessions from 9 am to 2 pm and post-market sessions from 2 pm to 2.30 pm on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.
Elifba alphabet
The Elifba alphabet (Elifba Albanian: ئەلیفبایا ئارابۋ-شكېپ, Albanian: Elifbaja, from Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: Elifbâ) was one of the main writing system for the Albanian language during the time of the Ottoman Empire from 19th century to 1911. This Albanian variant of the Abjad Ottoman was used to write the Albanian language. The last version of the Elifbaja shqip was invented by the rilindas, Rexhep Voka (1847-1917). Although the first standardized Albanian script based on the Arabic alphabet was published in the 1800s, Sufi Albanian poets began composing poetry in Albanian using the Arabic script as early as the late 17th century.

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
Merire
Police Sergeant Major Merire BEM from Gomema village, Waria, Morobe Patrol Post, Lae was a member of the Royal Papuan and New Guinea Constabulary who joined the police force in 1936.  On the occasion of the Japanese landings at Madang in 1942, he was able to move all the residents with their supplies into the forest to avoid capture.  His subsequent observations as far along the coast as Finschhafen served to guide U.S. bombing raids on Japanese positions.

Merire was captured on several occasions, but still always managed to escape with new information.  When Australian troops initiated a recapture of the island, his service as a guide was invaluable.  For his efforts he was awarded the British Empire Medal, and in 1952 was featured on a stamp of Papua New Guinea.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 52
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 52 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Berks and Lancaster Counties, Pennsylvania that provide the public with providing hunting, bird watching, and other activities.

Pennsylvania State Game Lands
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands (SGL) are lands managed by the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) for hunting, trapping, and fishing. These lands, often not usable for farming or development, are donated to the PGC or purchased by the PGC with hunting license money.

The Pennsylvania Game Commission runs a monthly publication called the Pennsylvania Game News. This publication features financial and legislative updates from the PGC, stories, and monthly Field Notes submitted by the Wildlife Conservation Officers of the Pennsylvania Game Commission.
Kamaitachi opening
In shogi, the Kamaitachi opening (かまいたち戦法 kamaitachi senpou) or Eishun opening (英春流 eishun-ryuu) is an uncommon flexible opening.

It was invented by amateur shogi player Eishun Suzuki (鈴木英春). The opening can be played against Ranging Rook or Static Rook.

Kamaitachi was named after kamaitachi (鎌鼬), which is the weasel-like mythological creature associated with whirlwinds that cut humans with sickle-like painless, bloodless wounds without their knowledge.

The Kamaitachi opening is characterized by the basic formation P-56 and S-57. Typically, the first move when playing Sente (Black) is P-76, while it's S-62 when playing Gote (White). As Suzuki was training in a Zen temple he asked about a book that he should read to understand Zen, and he was given a book with the title "Only This Book." At the time, he started thinking of how in Shogi talk of "Only This Opening," was not possible and hence started working on the Kamaitachi opening.

Shogi opening
A shogi opening (戦法 senpō) is the sequence of initial moves of a shogi game before the middle game. The more general Japanese term for the beginning of the game is joban (序盤).

A jōseki (定跡) is the especially recommended sequence of moves for a given opening that was considered balanced play at one point in time for both sides by professional players. (However, some jōsekis have become outdated when they are reevaluated to no longer give balanced play.) Jōsekis also typically include commentary about the possible reasons to deviate from the jōseki especially regarding blunders.

Note that not all openings have jōsekis. For example, trap openings like Demon Slayer, while they may have standard moves, are considered to favor one player and are not balanced play. Thus, the Demon Slayer opening is not a jōseki.
The Casual Dots
The Casual Dots is an American indie rock and post-punk band formed in 2002. The group consists of Christina Billotte, Kathi Wilcox, and Steve Dore. The band released its eponymous first studio album in 2004. After an extended period of silence they reformed for a run of concerts in 2016, and released a second album titled Sanguine Truth in 2022.

All members had previously been in several other groups. Billotte had been in Autoclave, Slant 6, and Quix*o*tic. Wilcox had been in Bikini Kill and The Frumpies.

The Frumpies
The Frumpies were an American lo-fi punk rock band formed in 1992 in Olympia, Washington. The original line-up consisted of singers/guitarists Tobi Vail, Kathi Wilcox, and Billy Karren (all of whom were also a part of the riot grrrl band Bikini Kill), and Bratmobile drummer Molly Neuman. Their debut was the 7-inch single Alien Summer Nights on the Chainsaw Records label. Babies and Bunnies was recorded in 1993, with future Make-Up and Weird War bassist Michelle Mae signing on long enough to record "Tommy Slich."

After a two-year hiatus, the Frumpies reunited in 1996, releasing the EP Eunuch Nights. The CD collection Frumpie One Piece assembled all of the band's previous singles. The group's last release was the 2000 EP "Frumpies Forever."
Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à glissement
The Canon de 305 modèle 1893/96 à glissement was a French railway gun that saw action during World War I.  These guns were rebored late in the war and held in reserve between the wars then mobilized by France during World War II.

Railway gun
A railway gun, also called a railroad gun, is a large artillery piece, often surplus naval artillery, mounted on, transported by, and fired from a specially designed railway wagon. Many countries have built railway guns, but the best-known are the large Krupp-built pieces used by Germany in World War I and World War II. Smaller guns were often part of an armoured train.  They were only able to be moved where there were good tracks, which could be destroyed by artillery bombardment or airstrike. Railway guns were phased out after World War II.
ICGS Samrat
ICGS Samrat (CG47) is an Indian Coast Guard Advanced Off Shore Patrol Vessel (OPV), second ship of Sankalp class which has been indigenously designed and built by Goa Shipyard Limited.  The vessel was commissioned to coast guard service on 21 January 2009 by Former Defence Minister A. K. Antony. Samrat is based in Goa and will be extensively used for Exclusive Economic Zone and other duties as it is set to be exploited extensively on the Western Seaboard.

Sankalp-class offshore patrol vessel
Sankalp-class offshore patrol vessels are a series of two offshore patrol vessels designed and built by Goa Shipyard Limited for the Indian Coast Guard. The vessels, also classified as Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessels, are the largest vessels constructed by Goa Shipyard Limited. Samarth class and Saryu class were derived from this class of offshore patrol vessels.
Kadhi
Kadhi or karhi is a yogurt-based dish originating from Rajasthan, India. It is made by simmering yogurt with besan (gram flour) and spices until it forms a thick, tangy gravy.  It is sometimes mixed with pakoras (deep-fried fritters). It is often eaten with cooked rice or roti.

Roti
Roti is a round flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is commonly consumed in many South Asian, Southeast Asian, Caribbean, East African, and Southeast African countries.

It is made from stoneground whole-wheat flour, known as atta, combined into a dough with added water. Its defining characteristic is that it is unleavened. Naan from the Indian subcontinent, by contrast, is a yeast-leavened bread, as is kulcha. Like breads around the world, roti is a staple accompaniment to other foods.
2020 Mexico City ePrix
The 2020 Mexico City ePrix (formally the 2020 CBMM Niobium Mexico City E-Prix) was a Formula E electric car race held at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in the center of Mexico City on 15 February 2020. It served as the fourth round of the 2019–20 Formula E season and was the fifth edition of the event as part of the championship.  The race was won by Mitch Evans, who had started from second on the grid, with António Félix da Costa coming in second behind him, while Sébastien Buemi came in third.

Following his race win, Mitch Evans took the lead of the driver's championship, with 47 points, to edge out Alexander Sims by 1 point in the standings, while da Costa's second consecutive podium brought him up to third in the standings, with 39 points. Owing to him crashing out of the race, then-championship leader Stoffel Vandoorne fell to fourth in the standings, with 38 points. Lucas di Grassi's 6th place finish was sufficient to keep him in the top 5, with 32 points.

2019–20 Formula E Championship
The 2019–20 FIA Formula E Championship was the sixth season of the FIA Formula E championship, a motor racing championship for electrically powered vehicles recognised by motorsport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), as the highest class of competition for electric open-wheel racing cars.

On 13 March, Formula E and the FIA announced a temporary suspension of the season in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the suspension, Formula E organised an esports racing series called Formula E Race at Home Challenge. The season resumed and concluded in August with six races within nine days at the Tempelhof Airport Street Circuit.

The season's champion was António Félix da Costa who clinched his first title with two races left. DS Techeetah became team champions for the second time in a row.