hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rage syndrome
Rage syndrome is a rare seizure disorder in dogs, characterized by explosive aggression.

It is frequently confused with idiopathic aggression, a term for aggression with no identifiable cause. Rage syndrome is most often a misdiagnosis of dogs with an unrelated, but more common, form of aggression. Although the scientific evidence is limited, it is thought to be genetic in origin, and is heritable. It is treated with antiepileptics.

Idiopathic disease
An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparent spontaneous origin.

For some medical conditions, one or more causes are somewhat understood, but in a certain percentage of instances, the cause may not be readily apparent or characterized. In these cases, the origin of the condition is said to be idiopathic. With some other medical conditions, the root cause for a large percentage of all cases has not been established—for example, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or ankylosing spondylitis; the majority of these cases are deemed idiopathic. Certain medical conditions, when idiopathic, notably some forms of epilepsy and stroke, are preferentially described by the synonymous term of cryptogenic.
Chennai Egmore–Karaikal Kamban Express
The Chennai Egmore–Karaikal Kamban Express is an Express train belonging to Southern Railway zone that runs between Chennai Egmore and Karaikal in India. It is currently being operated with 16175/16176 train numbers on a daily basis.

Chennai Egmore railway station
Chennai Egmore (also known as Chennai Elumbur, formerly Madras Egmore) (station code: MS), is a major railway station in Chennai, India. It is classified as a NSG–1 category station and comes under the purview of the Chennai railway division of the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It is situated in the neighbourhood of Egmore, with the main entrance situated on Gandhi-Irwin road and the rear entrance on Poonamallee high road. It caters to inter-city express trains, multiple units, and suburban services.

The station served as the terminus of the South Indian Railway Company in Madras since the 1880s. The construction of the terminal building began in September 1905 and it was officially opened on 11 June 1908. The building is built in Indo Saracenic style. In 1951, the station became part of the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways.
Low-alcohol beer
Low-alcohol beer is beer with little or no alcohol by volume that aims to reproduce the taste of beer while eliminating or reducing the inebriating effect, carbohydrates, and calories of regular alcoholic brews. Low-alcohol beers can come in different beer styles such as lagers, stouts, and ales. Low-alcohol beer is also known as light beer, non-alcoholic beer, small beer, small ale, or near-beer.

Light beer
Light beer is beer with lower calorie or alcohol content than other types of beer. In the United States, "light beer" is beer with reduced calorie content.  Prior to the 1970s, "light beer" had other meanings in the United States. In Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom "light beer" is beer with lower alcohol content than regular beer.

Reduced calorie light beer began to be mass marketed in the United States in the 1960s, but the first successful brand, Miller Lite, was not marketed nationally in the United States until 1975.
Capital Region (Iceland)
The Capital Region (Icelandic: Höfuðborgarsvæðið ) is a region in southwestern Iceland. It is one of the two classified Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS-2) statistical regions of Iceland. The region encompasses an area of 1,046 km2 (404 sq mi), and consists of the national capital Reykjavík and six municipalities around it. Though it is much smaller than the other regions of Iceland, the region hosts about two-thirds of the population of the country.

Regions of Iceland
The regions of Iceland are eight areas of Iceland that roughly follow the arrangement of parliamentary constituencies as they were between 1959 and 2003. These regions are not incorporated polities but rather recognized groupings of municipalities. Iceland only has two levels of administration, the national government and 62 municipalities. The municipalities have organized themselves into eight regional associations and those boundaries are also recognized by Statistics Iceland to report statistics. Since 2014, police and commissioner (sýslumaður) districts have followed the eight region model with the exception that Vestmannaeyjar forms a special district and not part of the Southern Region. The divisions of Iceland for the purposes of health care and district courts diverge more from the commonly used eight region model.

The postal code system also roughly corresponds with the regions with the first digit of the three digit codes usually being the same as on the map below.
Dirty Harry novels
Dirty Harry novels include film novelizations and original tie-ins based on the Dirty Harry film franchise. Like the films, the novels portray Inspector "Dirty Harry" Callahan as he ruthlessly fights criminals.

Novelizations of the first four films, Dirty Harry, Magnum Force, The Enforcer, and Sudden Impact, were published between 1971 and 1983. Additionally, after star Clint Eastwood announced he would make no further Dirty Harry films after The Enforcer, Warner Books published twelve new novels attributed to Dane Hartman, a collective pen name used by at least three authors, between 1981 and 1983.

The Enforcer (1976 film)
The Enforcer is a 1976 American neo-noir action-thriller film and the third in the Dirty Harry film series. Directed by James Fargo, it stars Clint Eastwood as Inspector "Dirty" Harry Callahan, Tyne Daly as Inspector Kate Moore, and DeVeren Bookwalter as criminal mastermind Bobby Maxwell. It was also the last film in the series to feature John Mitchum as Inspector Frank DiGiorgio. Harry Guardino returns as Lt. Bressler.
James Morse
Rear Admiral James Anthony Morse, CB, is a retired senior Royal Navy officer who served as Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Capability) and Controller of the Navy. He is the current President of Rabdan Academy since 2016.

Rear admiral (Royal Navy)
Rear admiral (RAdm) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy. It is immediately superior to commodore and is subordinate to vice admiral. It is a two-star rank and has a NATO ranking code of OF-7.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is major-general; and in the Royal Air Force it is air vice-marshal.
Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language
The Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language (Russian: Толко́вый слова́рь живо́го великору́сского языка́), commonly known as Dal's Explanatory Dictionary (Russian: Толко́вый слова́рь Да́ля), is a major explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. It contains about 220,000 words and 30,000 proverbs (3rd edition). It was collected, edited and published by academician Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (Russian: Влади́мир Ива́нович Даль; 1801–1872), one of the most prominent Russian language lexicographers and folklore collectors of the 19th century.

Dal's Explanatory Dictionary of the Great Russian language was the only substantial dictionary printed repeatedly (1935, 1955) in the Soviet Union in compliance with the old rules of spelling and alphabet, which were repealed in 1918.

Reforms of Russian orthography
Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet and spelling rules over the course of the history of the Russian language. Several important reforms happened in the 18th–20th centuries.
Alpha Trianguli
Alpha Trianguli (α Trianguli, abbreviated Alpha Tri, α Tri) is a triple star system in the constellation of Triangulum. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 63.3 light-years (19.4 parsecs) distant from the Sun. The brighter or primary component is named Mothallah /məˈθælə/.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).
Bonwit Teller
Bonwit Teller & Co. was an American luxury department store in New York City, founded by Paul Bonwit in 1895 at Sixth Avenue and 18th Street, and later a chain of luxury department stores.

In 1897, Edmund D. Teller was admitted to the partnership and the store moved to 23rd Street, east of Sixth Avenue.

Bonwit specialized in high-end women's apparel at a time when many of its competitors were diversifying their product lines, and Bonwit Teller became noted within the trade for the quality of its merchandise as well as the above-average salaries paid to both buyers and executives.

The partnership was incorporated in 1907 and the store moved to the corner of Fifth Avenue and 38th Street.

Throughout much of the 20th century, Bonwit was one of a group of upscale department stores on Fifth Avenue that catered to the "carriage trade".  Among its most notable peers were Lord & Taylor, and Saks Fifth Avenue.

Lord & Taylor
Lord & Taylor is an American online department store founded in 1826 by Samuel Lord and George Washington Taylor. Until 2021, Lord & Taylor operated brick-and-mortar stores, operating 86 locations around the United States at its peak in the 2000s. The flagship store was located on Fifth Avenue in the Midtown Manhattan district of New York City, operating from 1914 until 2019.

The company declared bankruptcy in 2020 and shuttered all physical stores and online operations in 2021. Lord & Taylor's intellectual property was sold to Saadia Group, who relaunched it as an online department store in 2021. In 2024, Saadia Group's assets were seized by court order and the intellectual property of Lord & Taylor was sold to Regal Brands Global. Regal Brands Global relaunched the Lord & Taylor e-commerce business in 2025.
Half graph
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, a half graph is a special type of bipartite graph. These graphs are called the half graphs because they have approximately half of the edges of a complete bipartite graph on the same vertices. The name was given to these graphs by Paul Erdős and András Hajnal.

Complete bipartite graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a complete bipartite graph or biclique is a special kind of bipartite graph where every vertex of the first set is connected to every vertex of the second set.

Graph theory itself is typically dated as beginning with Leonhard Euler's 1736 work on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg. However, drawings of complete bipartite graphs were already printed as early as 1669, in connection with an edition of the works of Ramon Llull edited by Athanasius Kircher. Llull himself had made similar drawings of complete graphs three centuries earlier.
Manuel da Costa (footballer, born 1916)
Manuel da Costa (10 August 1916 – deceased), is a former Portuguese footballer who played as a half-back.

Starting at Vila Real, Costa moved to Académica, where he spent five years and won the 1938–39 Taça de Portugal. In 1941, he joined Benfica, where he won three league titles.

1938–39 Taça de Portugal
The 1938–39 Taça de Portugal was the first season of the Taça de Portugal (English: Portuguese Cup), the premier Portuguese football knockout competition, organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The final was played on 26 June 1939 between Académica de Coimbra and Sport Lisboa e Benfica.

The Taça de Portugal replaced the previous knockout competition, the Campeonato de Portugal (Championship of Portugal), which defined the Portuguese champion.
Manuel Botubot
Manuel Ángel Botubot Pereira (born 23 November 1955) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a defender.

He played eight La Liga seasons for Valencia, totalling 274 games and 10 goals across all competitions, and winning the Copa del Rey, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Super Cup in consecutive seasons. He started and ended his career in the Segunda División, where he played 96 games and scored 4 goals for Cádiz, Castellón and Xerez. He played one game for Spain in 1978.

Cádiz CF
Cádiz Club de Fútbol, S.A.D. is a Spanish professional football club based in Cádiz, Andalusia.
Founded in 1910, the club competes in Segunda División, holding home games at Nuevo Mirandilla, with a seating capacity of 20,724.

Salvadoran legend Mágico González played for the club during the 1980s and the early 1990s, and is widely recognized as the best player to ever play for the team.

Between 1929 and 1977, Cádiz played in either the second or third tier of Spanish football. In 1977, Cádiz achieved promotion to La Liga for the first time. Since then Cádiz has played sixteen seasons in the first tier, as well as spending several at the second level.
Georg Schauman
Georg Carl August Schauman (14 September 1870 – 6 October 1930) was a Finnish historian, librarian, politician and member of the Schauman noble family. He was librarian at the University of Helsinki library, today the National Library of Finland, as well as a member of the Diet and later Parliament of Finland.

Diet of Finland
The Diet of Finland (Finnish Suomen maapäivät, later valtiopäivät; Swedish Finlands Lantdagar), was the legislative assembly of the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906 and the recipient of the powers of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates. (The term valtiopäivät today means an annual session of the Parliament of Finland, while in Swedish Riksdagen is now the name for both the Parliament and its sessions.)
Alex Vinatzer
Alex Vinatzer (born 22 September 1999) is an Italian World Cup alpine ski racer. He specializes in the technical events of slalom and giant slalom. The Italian national ski team has selected him to compete in three Winter Olympics, and four World Championships.

Born in Bolzano, South Tyrol, Vinatzer made his World Cup debut in November 2017 and his first podium in January 2020 at Zagreb, Croatia. On February 4, 2025, together with Giorgia Collomb, Lara Della Mea and Filippo della Vite, he won the gold medal in the team competition at the World Championships in Saalbach-Hinterglemm.

Slalom skiing
Slalom is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns.  Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, and at the Olympic Winter Games.
Yesvantpur–Puducherry Garib Rath Express
The Yesvantpur–Puducherry Garib Rath Express was a Garib Rath Express train that ran between Bangalore Yeshvantapur railway station and Puducherry. It was the first train service from Bangalore to Puducherry. Following poor response, this train was cancelled and converted to an ordinary train with effect from 18 March 2014.

Yesvantpur Junction railway station
Yesvantpur Junction railway station also Yeshwanthapura Junction railway station (station code: YPR) is one of the three important stations which serves the city of Bangalore which is located in Yesvantpur locality. It is one of the developing stations of Bangalore created for reducing the rush at Bangalore City railway station.
Lorraine American Cemetery and Memorial
Lorraine American Cemetery and Memorial is a Second World War American military war grave cemetery, located just outside Saint-Avold, Moselle, France. The cemetery, containing 10,481 American soldiers KIA (the second largest number of American burials in Europe, after the Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery of World War I dead, with 14,246), covers 113.5 acres (45.9 ha), was dedicated in 1960. It is administered by the American Battle Monuments Commission.

Saint-Avold
Saint-Avold (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿avɔld]; German: Sankt Avold; Lorraine Franconian: Sänt Avuur) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

It is situated twenty-eight miles (45 km) east of Metz, France and seventeen miles (27 km) southwest of Saarbrücken, Germany.
MV GNV Sealand
GNV Sealand (formerly Scottish Viking) is a ferry operated by Grandi Navi Veloci between Valencia, Palma de Mallorca and Ibiza.

She entered service in 2009 on route from Zeebrügge, Belgium to Rosyth, Scotland operated by Norfolkline. In 2010 sold to DFDS Seaways and since 2011 on route Ventspils - Nynäshamn by Scandlines. In 2012 sold to Stena Line, operated the same route. Named the Scottish Viking.

DFDS Seaways
DFDS Seaways is a Danish shipping company that operates passenger and freight services across northern Europe. Following the acquisition of Norfolkline in 2010, DFDS restructured its other shipping divisions (DFDS Tor Line and DFDS Lisco) into the previously passenger-only operation of DFDS Seaways.
Farhad Kazemi (academic)
Farhad Kazemi is an Iranian-American political scientist and professor emeritus of Politics and Middle Eastern Studies at New York University (NYU). He is known for his research on political development, urbanization, civil society, and gender in the Islamic Republic of Iran. He has published on Iran and broader Middle Eastern political issues, and has held academic and administrative positions during his four-decade career. He is also the former president of Middle East Studies Association and Association for Iranian Studies.

Middle East Studies Association
Middle East Studies Association (often referred to as MESA) is a learned society, and according to its website, "a non-profit association that fosters the study of the Middle East, promotes high standards of scholarship and teaching, and encourages public understanding of the region and its peoples through programs, publications and services that enhance education, further intellectual exchange, recognize professional distinction, and defend academic freedom".

Some critics have accused MESA of politicization and being dominated by academics critical of Israel and the United States. In 2007, the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa was founded as an ideological counterweight to MESA.
Ellsworth Street Bridge
The Ellsworth Street Bridge  is a highway bridge that crosses the Willamette River in Albany, Oregon, United States. Built in 1925, the two-lane structure carries U.S. Route 20 eastbound traffic, with the adjacent Lyon Street Bridge carrying westbound traffic. The 1,090-foot-long (330 m) steel truss bridge was designed by Conde McCullough and opened in 1926.

U.S. Route 20 in Oregon
U.S. Route 20 (US 20) is a major west–east cross-state highway in the northern part of the U.S. state of Oregon, especially east of the Cascade Mountains. It connects U.S. Route 101 in Newport on the central Oregon Coast to the Idaho state line east of Nyssa.
HMS Vulture II
50°37′48.80″N 04°45′44.67″W﻿ / ﻿50.6302222°N 4.7624083°W﻿ / 50.6302222; -4.7624083
HMS Vulture II was an aerial bombing and gunnery range at Treligga, 2 km west of Delabole, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom (SX 047 848). The station was a satellite of the Fleet Air Arm base RNAS St Merryn (HMS Vulture) near Padstow, Cornwall. Although HMS Vulture II had landing strips they were however rarely used. Unusually, the entire operation at HMS Vulture II was staffed by the Women's Royal Naval Service.

Women's Royal Naval Service
The Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS; popularly and officially known as the Wrens) was the women's branch of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. First formed in 1917 for the First World War, it was disbanded in 1919, then revived in 1939 at the beginning of the Second World War, remaining active until integrated into the Royal Navy in 1993. WRNS included cooks, clerks, wireless telegraphists, radar plotters, weapons analysts, range assessors, electricians, air mechanics, ground transport vehicle drivers and motorcycle dispatch riders.
Grizzled Young Veterans
Grizzled Young Veterans (also shortened as GYV) are an English professional wrestling tag team consisting of James Drake and Zack Gibson. Drake and Gibson primarily work as freelancers, appearing on All Elite Wrestling (AEW), its sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where they were Strong Openweight Tag Team Champions.

They previously wrestled in WWE, where they are the inaugural NXT UK Tag Team Champions, and later renamed as The Dyad on the NXT brand. They won numerous titles in their native England, being three-time Progress Tag Team Champions, and holding the Revolution Pro Wrestling (RevPro) Undisputed British Tag Team Championship once. They also run their own promotion in the UK called Burning Heart Pro Wrestling, launched in 2024.

NXT UK Tag Team Championship
The NXT UK Tag Team Championship was a men's professional wrestling tag team championship that was created and promoted by the American promotion WWE. It was defended on the NXT UK brand division, a sister brand of WWE's developmental territory NXT based in the United Kingdom. Established on 18 June 2018, the inaugural championship team was James Drake and Zack Gibson. On 4 September 2022 at Worlds Collide, the title was unified into the NXT Tag Team Championship, officially retiring the title in the process, with the team of Brooks Jensen and Josh Briggs recognized as the final champions.
Du rufst uns, Herr, an deinen Tisch
"Du rufst uns, Herr, an deinen Tisch" (You, Lord, call us to your table) is a Christian hymn with German text by Johannes Jourdan and a melody by Andreas Lehmann. The song, of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied (NGL), is part of German hymnals, including Gotteslob.

Neues Geistliches Lied
Neues Geistliches Lied (German: [ˈnɔʏəs ˈɡaɪstlɪçəs ˈliːt], lit. new spiritual song), abbreviated NGL, is a music genre of songs in German intended for church usage, and based on contemporary lyrics and with music by contemporary composers.
Ximo Puig
Joaquín Francisco Puig Ferrer (born 4 January 1959), known as Ximo Puig (Valencian: [ˈtʃimo ˈputʃ]), is a Spanish politician who served as President of the Valencian Government from 2015 to 2023. He was also the leader of the Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV-PSOE), the Valencian regional branch of the PSOE, from 2012 to 2024.

Socialist Party of the Valencian Country
The Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (Valencian: Partit Socialista del País Valencià; Spanish: Partido Socialista del País Valenciano, PSPV–PSOE) is a social-democratic political party in the Valencian Community, and is a regional branch of the national Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

The PSPV was originally a small nationalist and leftist Valencian party, mostly confined to the academic world within the University of Valencia. In 1978, they decided to merge with the much larger national PSOE, to which they integrated. Their name remains in the name of the Valencian branch of the PSOE, officially called PSPV-PSOE, even though it is usually reduced to PSOE only by the party itself. This Valencian branch of the PSOE, unlike their Catalan counterpart, does not have a record of having acted independently from the national executive of the Spanish-wide PSOE.
Copano Rickey
Copano Rickey (コパノリッキー, foaled March 24, 2010) is a Japanese thoroughbred racehorse.

His major wins include the February Stakes (2014, 2015), the JBC Classic (2014, 2015), the Kashiwa Kinen (2014, 2016, 2017), the 2016 Teio Sho, the Mile Championship Nambu Hai (2016, 2017), and the 2017 Tokyo Daishoten. With 11 GI/JpnI wins, this makes Copano Rickey the Japanese-trained horse with the most wins. He was nicknamed the "great actor of the dirt (砂上の千両役者).

Tokyo Daishōten
The Tokyo Daishōten (東京大賞典) is a Japanese horse race on dirt track for thoroughbreds three years old and above. It is run over a distance of 2,000 meters (about 10 furlongs) at Ōi Racecourse in Shinagawa, Tokyo in December.