hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liao civilization
The Liao Civilization or Liao River Civilization (Chinese: 遼河文明), named after the Liao River, is an umbrella term for several ancient civilizations that originated in the Liao basin. It is thought to have first formed in 6,200 BC. This civilization was discovered when Ryuzo Torii, a Japanese archaeologist, discovered the Hongshan culture in 1908.

Hongshan culture
The Hongshan culture (simplified Chinese: 红山文化; traditional Chinese: 紅山文化; pinyin: Hóngshān wénhuà) was a Neolithic culture in the West Liao river basin in northeast China. Hongshan sites have been found in an area stretching from Inner Mongolia to Liaoning, and dated from about 4700 to 2900 BC.

The culture is named after Hongshanhou (simplified Chinese: 红山后; traditional Chinese: 紅山後; pinyin: Hóngshān hòu), a site in Hongshan District, Chifeng. The Hongshanhou site was discovered by the Japanese archaeologist Torii Ryūzō in 1908 and extensively excavated in 1935 by Kōsaku Hamada and Mizuno Seiichi.
Blogging in New Zealand
Blogging in New Zealand is dominated by a community of around 600 blogs that comment largely on New Zealand politics, society and occurrences. One list of over 200 "author-operated, public discourse" blogs in New Zealand (ranked according to traffic, links incoming, posting frequency and comments) suggests New Zealand blogs cover a wide range of ideological positions but lack female contributors. Blogging is an active part of the media of New Zealand.

Some personal blogs have been around since the mid 1990s, but there are now blogs about cities, science, law, travel and fashion magazines. Political bloggers include current and former party apparatchiks such as David Farrar (Kiwiblog), Jordan Carter, Peter Cresswell and Trevor Loudon, and journalists and commentators such as Russell Brown and Martyn Bradbury.

Martyn "Bomber" Bradbury
Martyn 'Bomber' Bradbury (born 1974) is a New Zealand media commentator, former radio and TV host, and former executive producer of Alt TV. He was given the nickname 'Bomber' by a former Craccum editor, reputedly to describe his bombastic personality. He has been described by the New Zealand Listener as the "most opinionated man in New Zealand". He has defended his decision to block a number of women on social media and referred to reasons for disputes with five women who previously contributed to "The Daily Blog".
Kristen Johnston
Kristen Angela Johnston (born September 20, 1967) is an American actress. Best known for her work on television sitcoms, she twice won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Sally Solomon in 3rd Rock from the Sun. She starred as divorce attorney Holly Franklin on The Exes, and as recovering addict Tammy Diffendorf on Mom. She has also appeared in the films Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999), The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000), Music and Lyrics (2007), and Bride Wars (2009).

Her memoir Guts: The Endless Follies and Tiny Triumphs of a Giant Disaster (2012) was a New York Times best-seller. Through her nonprofit organization SLAM, she works as an advocate for sober high schools.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies, the supporting categories were not always genre-, or even gender-, specific. Beginning with 1970, supporting actresses in comedy have competed alone. However, these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries, telefilms, and guest performers competing against main cast competitors. Such instances are marked below:

# – Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film, prior to the category's creation

§ – Indicates a performance as a guest performer, prior to the category's creation
Beverly Joubert
Beverly Joubert (born 12 January 1957) is a South African-born wildlife photographer, filmmaker, conservationist and National Geographic explorer-at-large.

She has been documenting, researching and exploring Africa for over 40 years with her husband, Dereck Joubert. Together, they have made over 40 films for National Geographic, with a strong focus on iconic species like big cats and elephants. Beverly Joubert's wildlife and landscape photographs have been showcased in a dozen or more National Geographic magazine features, international exhibitions, books and articles.

Joubert is a co-founder of Great Plains Conservation. With lodges and tented camps in Kenya, Botswana and Zimbabwe, the company returns large tracts of land to nature through conservation tourism and community upliftment programs.

Dereck Joubert
Dereck Joubert (born 3 March 1956) is a South African-born filmmaker, author, conservationist and National Geographic explorer-at-large based in Botswana. He is also the brother of South African artist and conservationist Keith Joubert.
Rangiya–New Tinsukia Express
The Rangiya–New Tinsukia Express is an Express train belonging to Northeast Frontier Railway zone that runs between Rangiya Junction and New Tinsukia Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 15927/15928 train numbers on a six days in a weekly basis.

New Tinsukia Junction railway station
New Tinsukia  is a railway junction station on the Lumding–Dibrugarh section. It is located in Tinsukia district in the Indian state of Assam. It serves Tinsukia and the surrounding areas. New Tinsukia is the second station in the town of Tinsukia after the old Tinsukia Station.  The Railway Heritage Park, Tinsukia is located at the station, with locomotives from the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR), Dibru–Sadiya Railway (DSR) and Assam Bengal Railway (ABR).
Black swan emblems and popular culture
The black swan (Cygnus atratus) is widely referenced in Australian culture, although the character of that importance historically diverges between the prosaic in the east and the symbolic in the west. The black swan is also of spiritual significance in the traditional histories of many Aboriginal Australian peoples across southern Australia. Metaphoric references to black swans have appeared in European culture since long before Europeans became aware of Cygnus atratus in Australia in the 18th century.

The black swan is the official state emblem of Western Australia and is depicted on the flag and coat of arms of Western Australia. The symbol is used in other emblems, coins, logos, mascots and in the naming of sports teams.

Flag of Western Australia
The state flag of Western Australia consists of a Blue Ensign defaced with the badge of the state. Adopted in 1953 to replace a similar design used from the time when the state was still a British colony, it has been the flag of Western Australia since 3 November of that year.  The design of the present flag entailed reversing the direction of the black swan so that it faced towards the hoist.  This was done in order to adhere to vexillological convention.  Western Australia's flag is similar to the flags of the other five Australian states, which are also Blue Ensigns with their respective state badges. When flown with those state flags and the national flag, it is sixth in the order of precedence.  This is indicative of its position on the Commonwealth Coat of Arms.
Bielefelder Kennhuhn
The Bielefelder Kennhuhn or Bielefelder is a German breed of domestic chicken. It was developed in the area of Bielefeld in the 1970s by Gerd Roth, who cross-bred birds of Malines and Welsumer stock with American Barred Rocks to create the breed.: 95 : 6  Like other breeds with Barred Rock parentage, it is auto-sexing – chicks of different sexes can be distinguished by their colour. There is a bantam version, the Bielefelder Zwerg-Kennhuhn.

Plymouth Rock chicken
The Plymouth Rock is an American breed of domestic chicken. It was first seen in Massachusetts in the nineteenth century and for much of the early twentieth century was the most widely kept chicken breed in the United States. It is a dual-purpose bird, raised both for its meat and for its brown eggs. It is resistant to cold, easy to manage, and a good sitter.: 68
Planetary Collegium
The Planetary Collegium (a.k.a. CAiiA / Centre for Advanced Inquiry in Integrative Arts) is an international transcultural and transdisciplinary new media art educational research platform that promotes on the doctorate level the integration of art, science, technology, and consciousness research under the rubric of the technoetic arts. It is based in the School of Art, Design and Architecture department at Plymouth University in the United Kingdom with nodes in Trento, Lucerne and Shanghai. The founding President is Professor Roy Ascott.

University of Plymouth
The University of Plymouth is a public research university based predominantly in Plymouth, England, where the main campus is located, but the university has campuses and affiliated colleges across South West England. With 18,410 students, it is the 57th largest in the United Kingdom by total number of students (including the Open University).
Mashama Bailey
Mashama Bailey is an American chef trained in French technique who is currently cooking Southern cuisine. In 2019, Bailey was awarded a James Beard Award as best chef of the Southeast. In 2022, Bailey was awarded a James Beard Award as Outstanding Chef.

James Beard Foundation Award
The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize chefs, restaurateurs, authors and journalists in the United States. The James Beard Foundation Awards have been likened to the Academy Awards of the food world due to its prestige and recognition.

The awards are voted on by more than 600 culinary professionals, including previous award winners. Recipients receive a medallion etched with the image of James Beard and a certificate from the foundation.
Ohio State Route 691
Ohio State Route 691 (SR 691) is a north–south state route in southern Ohio.  The entirety of SR 691 is within Athens County.  Its southern terminus is at SR 56 about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) northwest of New Marshfield, and its northern terminus is at an interchange with U.S. Route 33 (US 33) and SR 78 in Nelsonville.

U.S. Route 33 in Ohio
U.S. Route 33 (US 33) is a United States Numbered Highway running from near Elkhart, Indiana, to Richmond, Virginia. Within the state of Ohio, it is a predominantly southeast–northwest highway running from west of Willshire before crossing over into West Virginia via the Ravenswood Bridge over the Ohio River. The route runs through largely rural territory throughout most of the state's west-central, central, and southeastern regions, although it also passes through large portions of downtown Columbus.
Jimmy Jay
James Jay (July 1879 – 13 March 1927) was an English professional footballer who played as a wing half in the Football League for Bristol City. He is the record Southern League appearance-maker for Brentford and was posthumously inducted into the club's Hall of Fame in 2015.

Brentford F.C. Hall of Fame
Brentford Football Club is an English professional football club based in Brentford, London. Between 1897 and 1920, the first team competed in the London League, Southern League and Western League. Since 1920, the first team has competed in the Football League, the Premier League and other nationally and internationally organised competitions. All players who have been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame are listed below.

The Brentford Hall of Fame was founded in 1991 and the inaugural inductions were former players Idris Hopkins, Joe James and former player and manager Malky MacDonald. 10 former players and staff members were the most recent inductees in November 2024 and the total number of inductees is 69. The Hall of Fame is administered jointly by the club and the Brentford F.C. Former Players’ Association.
Thomas Röwekamp
Thomas Röwekamp (born 18 September 1966 in Bremerhaven) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since 2021.

From 1991 to 2021, Röwekamp was a member of the State Parliament of Bremen. From 2007 he was his parliamentary group's chairman. In the government of Henning Scherf, Röwekamp was Senator and under the government of Jens Böhrnsen vice-major of Bremen.

Jens Böhrnsen
Jens Böhrnsen (born 12 June 1949) is a German politician of the SPD who served as President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen from 2005 to 2015. From 1 November 2009 until 31 October 2010 he was President of the Bundesrat. As such, he was acting head of state of Germany from the resignation of President Horst Köhler on 31 May 2010 until the election of Christian Wulff on 30 June 2010. Böhrnsen resigned in 2015 after his party sustained losses in state parliament election.

Böhrnsen is a lawyer by profession and served as a judge in Bremen from 1978 to 1995, when he became a full-time politician.
History of FC Basel (1893–1918)
Fussball Club Basel 1893 has a long and illustrious history, that spans the period from 1893 to the present day. Having competed at the highest level of football in Switzerland for most of this time, FCB currently play in the Swiss Super League. The club was founded on 15 November 1893.

Due to its size the history of FC Basel has been divided into five sections. This first section deals with the foundation, the early years, the forming of the Swiss Football Association (ASF-SFV), the first league championships and the years up to and during the first World War. For detail on individual periods of the club's history, see the following articles:

History of FC Basel (1918–1939)

History of FC Basel (1939–1965)

History of FC Basel (1965–2000)

History of FC Basel (2000–present)

FC Basel
Fussball Club Basel 1893, widely known as FC Basel, FCB, or just Basel, is a Swiss professional football club based in Basel, in the Canton of Basel-Stadt. Formed in 1893, the club has been Swiss national champions 21 times, Swiss Cup winners 14 times, and Swiss League Cup winners once.

Basel competed in UEFA competitions for 25 consecutive seasons between 1999–2000 and 2023–2024. They have qualified for the group stage of the Champions League more times than any other Swiss club – a total of seven times – and are the only Swiss club to have ever qualified to the said phase directly. In 2021, they set the new record for a Swiss team with the most successful international group stage campaign by reaching 14 points in their Europa Conference League group. Since 2001, the club has played its home games at St. Jakob-Park, built on the site of their previous home, St. Jakob Stadium. Their home colours are red and blue, leading to a nickname of RotBlau.
Hafler circuit
The Hafler circuit is a passive electronics circuit with the aim of getting derived surround sound or ambiophony from regular stereo recordings without using costly electronics. Such circuits are generally known as matrix decoders. The Dynaquad system works using similar principles.

Named after its early proponent audio engineer David Hafler, the circuit exploits the high amount of stereo separation between Left and Right channels and sound phase. 
This type of system is called 2:2:4, since the rear channels are simulated from a two-channel stereo track, with no actual extra tracks encoded. The rear channels will playback out of phase sounds, while the forward channels are unaffected.  Using the circuit typically reduces stereo separation by only about 2 dB and the rear speakers are only required to reproduce a limited frequency range (allowing them to be smaller and cheaper).

Ambiophonics
Ambiophonics is a method in the public domain that employs digital signal processing (DSP) and two loudspeakers directly in front of the listener in order to improve reproduction of stereophonic and 5.1 surround sound for music, movies, and games in home theaters, gaming PCs, workstations, or studio monitoring applications. First implemented using mechanical means in 1986, today a number of hardware and VST plug-in makers offer Ambiophonic DSP. Ambiophonics eliminates crosstalk inherent in the conventional stereo triangle speaker placement, and thereby generates a speaker-binaural soundfield that emulates headphone-binaural sound, and creates for the listener improved perception of reality of recorded auditory scenes. A second speaker pair can be added in back in order to enable 360° surround sound reproduction. Additional surround speakers may be used for hall ambience, including height, if desired.
Christopher Geidt, Baron Geidt
Christopher Edward Wollaston MacKenzie Geidt, Baron Geidt, GCB, GCVO, OBE, QSO, PC, FKC (born 17 August 1961) is a member of the House of Lords, former Courtier to the British monarch, former army intelligence officer and diplomat, and former adviser to the prime minister on ministerial ethics. As Sir Christopher Geidt, he served as Private Secretary to Queen Elizabeth II from 2007 to 2017 (serving as deputy for two years from 2005). He was created Baron Geidt in 2017.

Between 28 April 2021 and 15 June 2022 he was the Independent Adviser on Ministers' Interests to Prime Minister Boris Johnson; he resigned in protest following a series of conflagrations over the spending of public and private funds and trade policy.

Private Secretary to the Sovereign
The private secretary to the sovereign is the senior operational member of the Royal Household of the sovereign of the United Kingdom (as distinct from the great officers of the Household, whose duties are largely ceremonial). The private secretary is the principal channel of communication between the monarch and the governments in most of the Commonwealth realms. They also have responsibility for the official programme and correspondence of the sovereign. Through these roles the position wields considerable influence. This is one of the most senior positions within the Royal Household.

The current private secretary position is held by Sir Clive Alderton.
KCCT
KCCT (1150 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Corpus Christi, Texas. It is owned by Manuel Davila, Jr., and airs a classic tejano format. The studios, offices and transmitter are off Benys Road in Corpus Christi. Programming is also heard on FM translator K281AV at 104.1 MHz. The station calls itself "Retro Tejano 104.1".

Tejano music
Tejano music (Spanish: música tejana), also known as Tex-Mex music, is a popular music style fusing Mexican influences. Its evolution began in northern Mexico (a variation of regional Mexican music known as norteño).

It reached a larger audience in the late 20th century with the popularity of performers and groups such as Mazz, Selena, La Mafia, Ram Herrera, La Sombra, Elida Reyna, Elsa García, Laura Canales, Intocable, Jay Perez, Emilio Navaira, Esteban "Steve" Jordan, Shelly Lares, David Lee Garza y Los Musicales, Jennifer Peña and La Fiebre.
Kagizman okrug
The Kagizman okrug was a district (okrug) of the Kars Oblast of the Russian Empire, existing between 1878 and 1918. Its capital was the town of Kagyzman (present-day Kağızman), presently in the Kars Province of Turkey. The okrug bordered with the Kars okrug to the north, the Olti okrug to the northwest, the Erivan Governorate to the east, and the Erzurum Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire to the west.

Kars oblast
The Kars oblast was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire between 1878 and 1917. Its capital was the city of Kars, which later became part of Turkey. The oblast bordered the Ottoman Empire to the west, the Batum Oblast (in 1883–1903 part of the Kutaisi Governorate) to the north, the Tiflis Governorate to the northeast, and the Erivan Governorate to the east. The Kars oblast included parts of the contemporary provinces of Kars, Ardahan, and Erzurum Province of Turkey, and the Amasia Community of the Shirak Province of Armenia.
Nikolaos Lampoudis
Nikolaos Lampoudis (Greek: Νικόλαος Λαμπούδης) was a 15th-century Greek painter from Sparta. The only work of his of which historians are aware is an icon of the Virgin and Child of a kind known as a hodegetria or eleusa.

Lampoudis was a member of the Greek Renaissance's early Cretan School, a movement influenced by the art of Venice. Byzantine art also played a part in shaping his style. Angelos Akotantos and Andreas Ritzos were among the other Greek artists of Lampoudis's time who worked in a similar manner. The Cretan School's movement from the Byzantine tradition towards a more refined technique has a parallel in how Duccio and Giotto developed their work in Italy.

Andreas Ritzos
Andreas Ritzos (Greek: Ανδρέας Ρίτζος; 1421—1492; also spelled Rico, Ricio or Rizo) was a Greek icon painter from Crete. Ritzos is considered one of the founding fathers of the Cretan school. He was affiliated with Angelos Akotantos. Most of his work stylistically follows the traditional maniera greca. His children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren were also painters. He was one of the most influential painters of the Cretan school along with Andreas Pavias and Angelos Akotantos. He influenced the works of Georgios Klontzas, Nikolaos Tzafouris, Theophanes the Cretan, Michael Damaskinos and El Greco. According to the Institute for Neohellenic Research, sixty of his paintings have survived.
Shitole
Shitole is a landed gentry Maratha clan found largely in Maharashtra, Karnataka and nearby regions of India.The Shitole (शितोळे) family is a prominent Maratha clan with roots in the Maratha Empire, known for their involvement in military and political affairs. They were descendants of the same lineage as the famous Bhosale family, with the Shitole family branch being associated with Pune and Hinganis, a region known for its military service under the Maratha rulers.

Maratha clan system
The Maratha Clan System (also referred to as Shahannava Kuli Marathas, 96 Kuli Marathas) refers to the 96 Maratha clans. The clans together form the Maratha caste of India. These Marathas primarily reside in the Indian state of Maharashtra, with smaller regional populations in other states.
Profanity
Profanity, also known as swearing, cursing, or cussing, is the usage of notionally offensive words for a variety of purposes, including to demonstrate disrespect or negativity, to relieve pain, to express a strong emotion (such as anger, excitement, or surprise), as a grammatical intensifier or emphasis, or to express informality or conversational intimacy. In many formal or polite social situations, it is considered impolite (a violation of social norms), and in some religious groups it is considered a sin. Profanity includes slurs, but most profanities are not slurs, and there are many insults that do not use swear words.

Swear words can be discussed or even sometimes used for the same purpose without causing offense or being considered impolite if they are obscured (e.g. "fuck" becomes "f***" or "the f-word") or substituted with a minced oath like "flip".

Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.