hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tiled rendering
Tiled rendering is the process of subdividing a computer graphics image by a regular grid in optical space and rendering each section of the grid, or tile, separately. The advantage to this design is that the amount of memory and bandwidth is reduced compared to immediate mode rendering systems that draw the entire frame at once. This has made tile rendering systems particularly common for low-power handheld device use. Tiled rendering is sometimes known as a "sort middle" architecture, because it performs the sorting of the geometry in the middle of the graphics pipeline instead of near the end.

Immediate mode (computer graphics)
Immediate mode is an API design pattern in computer graphics libraries, in which

the client calls directly cause rendering of graphics objects to the display, or in which

the data to describe rendering primitives is inserted frame by frame directly from the client into a command list (in the case of immediate mode primitive rendering),

without the use of extensive indirection – thus immediate – to retained resources. It does not preclude the use of double-buffering.

Retained mode is an alternative approach. Historically, retained mode has been the dominant style in GUI libraries; however, both can coexist in the same library and are not necessarily exclusive in practice.
Calogerà family
The Calogerà family (Greek: Καλογεράς), also recorded as Kalogeras or Kaloghera, were a Byzantine, and later Greco-Venetian noble family that produced many important individuals in the history of Europe and Brazil. With origins in Cyprus and Byzantium, the family achieved levels of wealth, prominence, and aristocracy over the centuries in branches found across modern Greece, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Albania, Romania, France, and Brazil. The Calogerà are studied in numerous registers of nobility, including the Libro d'Oro of Corfu, Wappenbuch des Königreichs Dalmatien (1873), Livre d'Or de la Noblesse Ionienne (1925), and Heraldika Shqiptare (2000), among others. Members and descendants of this family continue to serve important roles in their respective countries to this day.

Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà italiana (official register)
The Libro d'oro della Nobiltà italiana is a public and official register compiled both during the Regno d'Italia and in the Italian Republic before 1962. It contains the list of families registered by a "provision of Grace" (motu proprio of the King, i.e. a concession) or justice (recognition of an ancient noble title by the Consulta Araldica). Each family is treated on one or more pages, which include: country of origin, habitual residence of the family, noble titles and attributes with an indication of the origin and succession of noble titles, royal and governmental regulations, blazons and a part of the documented genealogy.

This first and most important official nobiliary register of the Kingdom of Italy should not be confused with Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà italiana of the same name, which are instead only private works still published both in Rome and Savigliano, a small town near Cuneo.
Zeina Ibrahim
Zeina Ibrahim Sharaf (Arabic: زينة ابراهيم•شرف, born 20 June 2003) is an Egyptian artistic gymnast. She is the 2019 African Games team and uneven bars champion and the 2021 African all-around champion. She is also the 2022 African team and balance beam champion. She represented Egypt at the 2018 Youth Olympic Games and the 2020 Olympic Games.

2022 African Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2022 African Artistic Gymnastics Championships was the 16th iteration of the event and took place on July 8–11 in Cairo, Egypt.  Both senior and junior titles were contested.

The competition served as qualification for the 2022 World Championships.
Oliver Ames (governor)
Oliver Ames (February 4, 1831 – October 22, 1895) was an American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and Republican politician who served as the 35th governor of Massachusetts from 1887 to 1890.

Ames's public life was primarily devoted to the vindication of his late father Oakes Ames, a businessman and U.S. Representative who was censured for his role in the 1873 Credit Mobilier scandal and died shortly thereafter. His tenure in office was also marked by a divide within the state over the growing temperance movement.

Ames was executor of his father's estate, and took over many of his business interests. He was a major philanthropist, especially in his hometown of Easton, where he secured construction of a number of architecturally significant works by the architect H.H. Richardson and a number of properties by landscape designer Frederick Law Olmsted.

Oliver Ames High School in Easton is named after him.

Henry Hobson Richardson
Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA (September 29, 1838 – April 27, 1886) was an American architect, best known for his work in a style derived from Romanesque Revival that became known as Richardsonian Romanesque. Along with Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, Richardson is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture."
Community Sha Tin
Community Sha Tin was a local political group based in Sha Tin formed in 2017 by a group of pro-democracy Sha Tin District Councillors. It was disbanded in 2021 following the change of political atmosphere in Hong Kong.

Sha Tin District Council
The Sha Tin District Council (noted as ST) is the district council for the Sha Tin District in Hong Kong. It is one of 18 such councils. The Sha Tin District Council currently consists of 42 members, of which the district is divided into four constituencies, electing a total of 8 members, 16 district committee members, 17 appointed members, and one ex officio member who is the Sha Tin rural committee chairman. The latest election was held on 10 December 2023.
Marquis Floyd
Marquis Floyd (born March 17, 1980) is an American former professional football cornerback who played in the Arena Football League (AFL). He was signed by the Tennessee Valley Vipers of the af2 as a street free agent in 2004. He played college football at West Georgia.

University of West Georgia
The University of West Georgia is a public university in Carrollton, Georgia, United States. The university offers a satellite campus in Newnan, Georgia, select classes at its Douglasville Center, and off-campus Museum Studies classes at the Atlanta History Center in Atlanta, Georgia. A total of 16,072 students, including 10,075 undergraduate and 5,997 graduate, were enrolled as of fall 2025. The university is also one of four comprehensive universities in the University System of Georgia.
Katrín Jónsdóttir
Katrín Jónsdóttir (born 31 May 1977) is an Icelandic former footballer who played as a defender. She was captain of Iceland's national team from 2007 to 2013 and competed at the 2009 and 2013 editions of the UEFA Women's Championship.

UEFA Women's Euro 2009
The 2009 UEFA Women's Championship, often known as the 2009 Women's Euros or just the 2009 Euros, was played in Finland between 23 August and 10 September 2009. The host was appointed on 11 July 2006, in a UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Berlin and the Finnish proposal won over the Dutch proposal.

The UEFA Women's Championship is a regular tournament involving European national teams from countries affiliated to UEFA, the European governing body, who have qualified for the competition. The competition aims to determine which national women's team is the best in Europe.

The 2009 tournament was won by Germany for a fifth straight and record-extending seventh time in total. They beat England, appearing in their first final since 1984, 6–2 in the final. The Germans also boasted the tournament's leading goalscorer in Inka Grings.

Iceland, Netherlands and Ukraine made their debut.
Kanniammanpettai
Kanniammanpettai (Tamil: கண்ணியம்மன்பேட்டை), is an industrial/residential area in Manali, North of Chennai, a metropolitan city in Tamil Nadu, India. In October 2011, the erstwhile Kadapakkam village panchayat is merged with Greater Chennai Corporation and it came under the jurisdiction of Greater Chennai Corporation. Though Kanniammanpettai is annexed with Greater Chennai Corporation it is remained as a part of Tiruvottiyur taluk in Tiruvallur district till 15 August 2018.

Manali, Chennai
Manali is an industrial and residential part of Chennai, India. It is a zone in Greater Chennai Corporation located in the northern part of Chennai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. As of 2011, the neighborhood had a population of 35,248.
Bayt Susin
Bayt Susin (Arabic: بَيْت سُوسِين) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict of Mandatory Palestine, located 17 kilometers (11 mi) southeast of Ramla. In 1945, it had 210 inhabitants. The village was depopulated during the 1948 war by the Israeli 7th Brigade.

7th Armored Brigade (Israel)
The 7th "Saar me-Golan" Armored Brigade (Hebrew: חטיבה שבע, Hativa Sheva) is a military formation of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Formed during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and still in operation, it is the oldest armored brigade in the IDF. Since then, the brigade has taken part in all the IDF's main operations, and stands today as one of 3 main armoured brigades of the IDF.
Emilia Dauway
Emilia Dauway MD, FACS, FRACS (born 11 August 1965) is an American trained surgeon who is practicing general, breast and oncologic surgery in Australia. Dauway was co-inventor of the use of radioactive seeds in the breast to localise non-palpable breast cancers and the first in Australia to use magnetic seeds instead of radioactive seeds. This technique replaces hookwire or needle localisation improving patient safety, outcomes and satisfaction. The method was patented by the University of South Florida while Dauway was a fellow of surgical oncology. The method has been used since 1999 and has improved with the development of modern equipment. Dauway is also a Yoga Instructor, a Keynote speaker and is founder/director of Restore More, a non-profit initiative which provides education and funding to women in regional and geographically disadvantaged areas for breast cancer treatment and reconstruction.

Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) is the leading advocate for surgical standards, professionalism and surgical education in Australia and New Zealand.

Known by its common acronym RACS, it is a not-for-profit organisation, supports the ongoing development and maintenance of expertise during the lifelong learning that accompanies surgical practice of more than 7,000 surgeons and 1,300 surgical trainees and International Medical Graduates. In conjunction with the Australian Government, RACS also provides global surgery outreach by supporting healthcare and surgical education in the Asia-Pacific region and is a substantial funder of surgical research.
Sanjay Yadav (Uttar Pradesh politician)
Sanjay Yadav is an Indian politician and a member of 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the Sikanderpur constituency of Ballia district Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bhartiya Janata Party.

Sikanderpur Assembly constituency
Sikanderpur is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Sikanderpur in the Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Sikanderpur is one of five assembly constituencies in the Salempur Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 359 amongst 403 constituencies.
NBR M Class 4-4-0
The NBR Class M (later LNER Class D31) was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotive of the North British Railway.  The class was created during the tenures of William P. Reid (Locomotive Superintendent) and Walter Chalmers (Chief Draughtsman) by rebuilding three earlier types, the "574", "633", and "729", which had all been designed by Matthew Holmes, and shared many features in common. A total of 48 were produced.

The NBR Class M (later LNER Class D27 & D28) was an older but very similar type of 4-4-0 locomotive, commonly known as the Abbotsford class, Waverley class or "476", and a pioneering 4-4-0 design by Dugald Drummond. A total of 12 were produced. The engines were rebuilt (6 in 1902 and 6 in 1904) to become almost exact copies of the D31 engines. The only visible differences between the 1902 (D27) and 1904 (D28) designs were slight differences to the cab doors and windows.

4-4-0
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles (usually in a leading bogie), four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.

First built in the 1830s, locomotives with this wheel arrangement were known as "standard" or "Eight-Wheeler" type. In the first half of the 19th century, almost every major railroad in North America owned and operated locomotives of this type, and many rebuilt their 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives as 4-4-0s.

In April 1872, Railroad Gazette used "American" as the name of the type. The type subsequently also became popular in the United Kingdom, where large numbers were produced.

The vast majority of 4-4-0 locomotives had tenders, though some tank locomotives (designated 4-4-0T) were built.
Time to Win, Vol. I
Time to Win, Vol. 1 is the first official EP from the Canadian band, Down with Webster. It released October 6, 2009, on Universal Motown. The album was successful in Canada, all three singles off the album charted in the top 25 on the Canadian Hot 100 and all three were certified Platinum.  The album has sold over 40,000 copies in Canada and was certified Gold in December 2010.

Universal Motown Records
Universal Motown Records was an American record label that operated as a division of Universal Motown Republic Group. It was a contemporary incarnation of the massively successful soul label Motown Records, and the "urban" half of the Universal Records label, although there were some rock artists on the label (along with its sub-labels) as well. Due to internal restructuring at UMG, it was shuttered in 2011, eventually replaced by Republic Records and a modern Motown under The Island Def Jam Music Group.
Neuroacanthocytosis
Neuroacanthocytosis is a label applied to several genetic neurological conditions in which the blood contains misshapen, spiculated red blood cells called acanthocytes.

The 'core' neuroacanthocytosis syndromes, in which acanthocytes are a typical feature, are chorea acanthocytosis and McLeod syndrome. Acanthocytes are seen less frequently in other conditions including Huntington's disease-like syndrome 2 (HDL2) and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN).

The neuroacanthocytosis syndromes are caused by a range of genetic mutations and produce a variety of clinical features but primarily produce neurodegeneration of the brain, specifically the basal ganglia.

The diseases are hereditary but rare.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), formerly called Hallervorden–Spatz syndrome, is a genetic degenerative disease of the brain that can lead to parkinsonism, dystonia, dementia, and ultimately death. Neurodegeneration in PKAN is accompanied by an excess of iron that progressively builds up in the brain.

PKAN is caused by loss of function of the enzyme PANK2, due to bi-allelic genetic mutations. It follows autosomal recessive inheritance. This enzyme is the first step in the pathway converting vitamin B5 into coenzyme A. There are currently no treatments that modify disease progress, though there are a number of medications and therapies that can help improve symptoms and there is active research into treatments.
Boerdonk
Boerdonk is a village in the south of the Netherlands. It is situated in the municipality of Meierijstad, North Brabant.

The village was first mentioned in 1311 as Boerdonc. It developed along the Boerdonkse Aa. Boerdonk was home to 177 people in 1840. Until the municipal reorganization of 1994, Boerdonk was located in the municipality of Erp. Since 2017, it is part of the municipality of Meierijstad.

Meierijstad
Meierijstad (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌmɛiəˈrɛistɑt]) is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. The municipality is the result of a merger between the municipalities Schijndel, Sint-Oedenrode and Veghel in 2017. After the merger it became North Brabant's largest municipality in terms of land area (surpassed by Altena in 2019). The town of Veghel hosts the town hall, while the municipal council holds its meetings at the former town hall of Sint-Oedenrode.
Parer's War
Parer's War is a 2014 television film about Damien Parer, the Australian war photographer whose Second World War documentary film Kokoda Front Line! documenting the Kokoda Track campaign was the first Australian film to win an Oscar at the 15th Academy Awards.

Kokoda Front Line!
Kokoda Front Line! was a full-length edition of the Australian newsreel, Cinesound Review, produced by the Australian News & Information Bureau and Cinesound Productions Limited in 1942, about the Kokoda Track campaign. It was one of four winners of the 15th Academy Awards for best documentary, and the first Australian film to win an Oscar. It was filmed by the  Australian war photographer Damien Parer and directed by Ken G. Hall.

Damien Parer is often cited as one of Australia's early Academy Award winners, however the award was made to the director, Ken G. Hall.

Much of Parer's footage was used in a documentary made by a rival company, Movietone, The Road to Kokoda.
Heuvelland
Heuvelland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦøːvəlɑnt] ⓘ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the villages of Dranouter, Kemmel, De Klijte, Loker, Nieuwkerke, Westouter, Wijtschate and Wulvergem. Heuvelland is a thinly populated rural municipality, located between the small urban centres of Ypres and Poperinge and the metropolitan area of Kortrijk-Lille along the E17. On 1 January 2006 Heuvelland had a total population of 8,217. The total area is 94.24 km2 which gives a population density of 87 inhabitants per km2. The name heuvelland is Dutch meaning "hill country", as the municipality is characterized by the different hills on its territory.

Poperinge
Poperinge (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈpoːpəˌrɪŋə] ⓘ; French: Poperinghe, Poperingue [pɔpʁɛ̃ɡ]; West Flemish: Poperienge) is a city and municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders, Flemish Region, and has a history going back to medieval times. The municipality comprises the town of Poperinge proper and surrounding villages. The area is famous for its hops and lace.
TA-125 Index
The TA-125 Index, typically referred to as the Tel Aviv 125 and formerly the TA-100 Index, is a stock market index of the 125 most highly capitalised companies listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE). The index began on 1 January 1992 with a base level of 100. The highest value reached to date is 2152.16, in January 2022. On 12 February 2017, the index was expanded to include 125 instead of 100 stocks, in an attempt to improve stability and therefore reduce risk for trackers and encourage foreign investment.

Market capitalization
Market capitalization, sometimes referred to as market cap, is the total value of a publicly traded company's outstanding common shares owned by stockholders.

Market capitalization is equal to the market price per common share multiplied by the number of common shares outstanding.
Lahore Lions
Lahore Lions (Urdu: لاہور لائنز, Punjabi: لہور لائنز abbreviated as LIO) was a Pakistani franchise cricket team representing the city of Lahore and was one of the 19 teams on the country's domestic cricket. The team was established by Lahore Regional Cricket Association in 2004/05 at Lahore City Cricket Association Ground, one of its two home grounds. Domestically, the team played in the Haier T20 Cup. The team won its first title in 2010 where they defeated Karachi Dolphins by 37 runs at their other home ground, Gaddafi Stadium.

Lahore Regional Cricket Association
The Lahore Regional Cricket Association (LRCA) is the governing body for cricket in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is affiliated to the Pakistan Cricket Board and has fielded a number of Lahore teams in Pakistan's domestic competitions.
Reykir
Reykir is the outermost abandoned farm in the Reykjaströnd district of Skagafjörður, Iceland. A narrow peninsula, called Reykjadiskur, extends northward from the farm. The location is also home to a warm spring mentioned in the sagas that is now a tourist destination and Glerhallavík cove, an area rich in chalcedony.

According to Grettis saga, there was a church at Reykir, but no other source mentions it.

Grettis saga
Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar (modern Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkrɛhtɪs ˈsaːɣa ˈauːsˌmʏntarˌsɔːnar̥] ⓘ, reconstructed Old Norse pronunciation: [ˈɡrɛtːɪs ˈsaɣa ˈɒːsˌmʊndarˌsɔnar]), also known as Grettla, Grettir's Saga or The Saga of Grettir the Strong, is one of the Icelanders' sagas. It details the life of Grettir Ásmundarson, a bellicose Icelandic outlaw, and is set in the eleventh century.
2014 Superettan
The 2014 Superettan, part of the 2014 Swedish football season, was the 15th season of Superettan, Sweden's second-tier football league in its current format. The 2014 fixtures were released on 20 December 2013. The season started on 5 April 2014 and concluded on 2 November 2014.

Hammarby IF won Superettan this season, their first title and were thus promoted to Allsvenskan after five years absence along with runners-up GIF Sundsvall who returned to the top flight after two years absence. Ljungskile SK advanced to the promotion play-offs but failed to win against Gefle IF.

A total of 16 teams contested the league; 12 returning from the 2013 season, two that were relegated from Allsvenskan and two that were promoted from Division 1.

Ettan Fotboll
Ettan Fotboll, or simply Ettan (English: the first [division]), which also is its common name in everyday speech, is the third level in the Swedish football league system and consists of 32 Swedish football teams. It was formerly simply known as Division 1. Division 1 was the second tier from 1987 to 1999, but was replaced by Superettan in 2000. It was reestablished for the 2006 season as the third tier below Superettan.
Operation Sundarbans
Operation Sundarbans  or Operation Sundarban (Bengali: অপারেশন সুন্দরবন) is a Bangladeshi action thriller movie. The film was co-written and directed by Dipankar Sengupta Dipon. The film was produced by RAB Welfare Cooperative Society Ltd. Nazim-ud-Doula and Dipon wrote the screenplay. The plot is loosely based on real operations of RAB during the surrender of robbers of the Sundarbans as well as the struggle of Sundarbans' natives. It stars Riaz, Ziaul Roshan, Siam Ahmed, Taskeen Rahman, Shatabdi Wadud, Nusraat Faria and Darshana Banik, while Manoj Pramanik, debutant Samina Bashar, Dipu Imam, Ehsanur Rahman also joins the cast. The film begun its shooting on 20 December 2019 at Satkhira. This film got 3 national film awards in 2022 in Comedy, Male Singer category and Khokon Mollah in the Best Make-up Man category.

Rapid Action Battalion
The Rapid Action Battalion (Bengali: র‍্যাপিড অ্যাকশন ব্যাটালিয়ন, romanised: Ryaepid Ækśon Byāṭāliẏan; abbreviated as RAB) is an elite law enforcement force in Bangladesh tasked with combating serious crimes, terrorism, and organised criminal activities. Operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs, RAB is a composite force comprising personnel from the Police, Army, Navy, Air Force, BGB, and Ansar. Since its establishment in 2004, RAB has played a key role in counter-terrorism, anti-drug operations, and high-profile criminal investigations.

The Rapid Action Battalion has faced criticism from human rights groups for their use of extrajudicial killings and alleged involvement in enforced disappearances. It is estimated that between 2004 and 2008, RAB had killed 1,062 people.