hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Brittain
George Brittain (1821, in Chester – 1882) was an English railway engineer, and was Locomotive Superintendent of the Caledonian Railway from 1876 to 1882, between Benjamin Connor and Dugald Drummond.

Previously he had been locomotive superintendent of the Dundee, Perth and Aberdeen Junction Railway (1859–63) and assistant to Alexander Allan on the Scottish Central Railway (1863–65). Outdoor superintendent, Caledonian Railway (1865–76) and assistant/deputy to the incumbent and ailing Conner.

In common with many of his professional contemporaries he described himself as a civil engineer in 1861 and 1871 but as a mechanical engineer (locomotive superintendent) in 1881.

Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway (CR) was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself).
Six Memos for the Next Millennium
Six Memos for the Next Millennium (Italian: Lezioni americane. Sei proposte per il prossimo millennio) is a book based on a series of lectures written by Italo Calvino for the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures at Harvard, though Calvino died before delivering them. The lectures were written in Italian but were to be given in English in the fall of 1985. There have been two English translations, the first by Patrick Creagh, published in 1988, and the second by Geoffrey Brock, published in 2016.

The "memos" are lectures on certain literary qualities whose virtues Calvino wished to recommend to the then-approaching millennium. He intended to devote one lecture to each of six qualities: lightness, quickness, exactitude, visibility, multiplicity, and consistency. Though he completed the first five, he died before writing the last.

Italo Calvino
Italo Calvino (/kælˈviːnoʊ/, also US: /kɑːlˈ-/; Italian: [ˈiːtalo kalˈviːno]; 15 October 1923 – 19 September 1985) was an Italian novelist and short story writer. His best-known works include the Our Ancestors trilogy (1952–1959), the Cosmicomics collection of short stories (1965), and the novels Invisible Cities (1972) and If on a winter's night a traveler (1979).

Admired in Britain, Australia and the United States, Calvino was the most translated contemporary Italian writer at the time of his death. He is buried in the garden cemetery of Castiglione della Pescaia in Tuscany.
Forum Buenavista
Forum Buenavista is a 37,250-square-metre (401,000 sq ft) shopping mall built atop the Buenavista Station in Colonia Buenavista, central Mexico City, where Avenida de los Insurgentes meets Eje 1 Norte. It was developed by GICSA, opened in 2009, and as of 2015 it was one of the ten largest malls in Greater Mexico City. While the train station and tracks occupy the ground floor, the mall occupies three floors above, stretching 400 meters from south to north.

It is anchored by the Sears, Fábricas de Francia, and Coppel department stores; Best Buy, Soriana hypermarket, Sanborns, Muebles Dico furniture, Cinépolis multicinemas, Old Navy, H&M, and more than 50 freestanding and food-court restaurants, including Applebee's and Chili's.

Sears Mexico
Sears Operadora México, S.A. de C.V. (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈseaɾs]) is a department store chain located in Mexico, operating 93 stores all over Mexico as of 2024. Sears México is operated by Grupo Sanborns, a division of Grupo Carso.
1998–99 Polish Cup
The 1998–99 Polish Cup was the forty-fifth season of the annual Polish cup competition. It began on 24 July 1998 with the preliminary round and ended on 13 June 1999 with the Final, played at Stadion Miejski, Poznań. The winners qualified for the first round of the UEFA Cup. Amica Wronki were the defending champions.

Amica Wronki
Amica Wronki was a Polish football club based in Wronki, Poland.

The club was invariably linked to Amica, a manufacturer of white goods, predominantly stoves, which gave the club its nickname. The company's increasing profits gave the new team tremendous financial clout in the Polish leagues. The club was formed when two clubs were joined, Błękitni Wronki and LZS Czarni Wromet Wróblewo. The new club was named FK Amica Wronki and in just 4 years, the club won promotion from the Fourth Division to the Orange Ekstraklasa.

They have been in the top division in Poland since 1995. In May 2006, they merged with fellow Ekstraklasa team Lech Poznań. The reserve team then became its first team but only lasted one season before it was finally disbanded. In 2007, one of the clubs that was merged that created Amica, Błękitni Wronki was re-founded and is considered to be a phoenix club.
Oversampling and undersampling in data analysis
Within statistics, oversampling and undersampling in data analysis are techniques used to adjust the class distribution of a data set (i.e. the ratio between the different classes/categories represented). These terms are used both in statistical sampling, survey design methodology and in machine learning.

Oversampling and undersampling are opposite and roughly equivalent techniques. There are also more complex oversampling techniques, including the creation of artificial data points with algorithms like synthetic minority oversampling technique.

Data augmentation
Data augmentation is a statistical technique which allows maximum likelihood estimation from incomplete data. Data augmentation has important applications in Bayesian analysis, and the technique is widely used in machine learning to reduce overfitting when training machine learning models, achieved by training models on several slightly-modified copies of existing data.
Edward Aldrich
Colonel Edward Aldrich (30 December 1802 – 23 November 1857) was a British military engineer, architect and surveyor of the Corps of Royal Engineers who carried out the first detailed survey of Palestine together with John Symonds, RE, known as the 1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria.

1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria
The 1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria was an early scientific mapping of Palestine (including a detailed mapping of Jerusalem), Lebanon and Syria.

It represented the second modern, triangulation-based attempt at surveying Palestine, following the French Carte de l'Égypte.

It has occasionally been mislabeled as an Ordnance Survey map; in fact none of the officers worked for the Ordnance Survey, which was a separate organization. The Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem, carried out almost 25 years later, was a separate and materially more detailed endeavor.
Bahrain at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Bahrain competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. The country sent a total of 15 competitors to the Games, competing in athletics, swimming and shooting. This constituted Bahrain's largest Olympic delegation to date. Among the country's representatives was Maryam Yusuf Jamal, reigning world champion in the women's 1,500 metre run. Rakia Al Gassra was the country's flagbearer at the Games' opening ceremony. In athletics, Rashid Ramzi was originally awarded the gold medal in men's 1,500 meters (Bahrain's first Olympic medal) but it was later stripped due to a doping violation.

Ruqaya Al-Ghasra
Ruqaya Al-Ghasra or Rakia Al Gassra (Arabic: رقية الغسرة; born September 6, 1982), is a retired Bahraini athlete. She was one of the first women to represent Bahrain at the Olympic Games, by taking part in the women's 100 metres sprint at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

She won medals at the 2006 Asian Games and went on to run at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2009 World Championships in Athletics.

Al-Ghasra announced her international retirement in 2009, although it was revealed later in July 2010 that she had failed an out of competition doping test and she was banned from competing for two years (between September 17, 2009 and September 16, 2011).
A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language is a descriptive grammar of English written by Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. It was first published by Longman in 1985.

In 1991, it was called "The greatest of contemporary grammars, because it is the most thorough and detailed we have," and "It is a grammar that transcends national boundaries."

The book relies on elicitation experiments as well as three corpora: a corpus from the Survey of English Usage, the Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus (UK English), and the Brown Corpus (US English).

Randolph Quirk
Charles Randolph Quirk, Baron Quirk (12 July 1920 – 20 December 2017) was a British linguist and politician. He was the Quain Professor of English language and literature at University College London from 1968 to 1981. He sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords.
Ashes & Fire
Ashes & Fire is the 13th studio album by Ryan Adams, released on October 11, 2011, by PAX AM and Capitol Records. Recorded with producer Glyn Johns, Ashes & Fire marks Adams' return to recording following the disbandment of his band the Cardinals in 2009. Regarding the album, Adams noted, "The record is obsessed with time. I believe that there is a kinder view of the self. I'm passing through my own life as a ghost, and looking at these pieces and places in my life. I'm looking at California, and the idea of being lost and found at the same time."

On October 16, 2011, the album entered the UK Albums Chart at number 9, making his best position in the UK. In the US, it debuted at number 7, making Ashes & Fire his second top 10 album since Easy Tiger.

The album was preceded by the single "Lucky Now", Adams' first release with Capitol Records.

Lucky Now
"Lucky Now" is a song by alt country singer-songwriter Ryan Adams, and the lead single from his studio album Ashes & Fire. According to Adams, the single is based upon "my time in New York in my twenties".
My Name Is Mina
My Name Is Mina is a 2010 children's novel by David Almond. It is a prequel to Skellig and is about Mina, a homeschooled girl who lives across the road from the house that Michael's family moves into at the beginning of Skellig. The novel takes the form of a stream of consciousness journal. It is written in a way that shows us Mina's opinions.

David Almond
David John Almond (born 15 May 1951) is a British author who has written many novels for children and young adults from 1998, each one receiving critical acclaim.

He is one of thirty children's writers, and one of three from the UK, to win the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award.
For the 70th anniversary of the British Carnegie Medal in 2007, his debut novel Skellig (1998) was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works, selected by a panel to compose the ballot for a public election of the all-time favourite. It ranked third in the public vote from that shortlist.
Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays
Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays (Academic Press, 1982) by Elwyn R. Berlekamp, John H. Conway, and Richard K. Guy is a compendium of information on mathematical games.  It was first published in 1982 in two volumes.

The first volume introduces combinatorial game theory and its foundation in the surreal numbers; partizan and impartial games; Sprague–Grundy theory and misère games. The second volume applies the theorems of the first volume to many games, including nim, sprouts, dots and boxes, Sylver coinage, philosopher's phutball, fox and geese. A final section on puzzles analyzes the Soma cube, Rubik's Cube, peg solitaire, and Conway's Game of Life.

A republication of the work by A K Peters split the content into four volumes.

Fox games
Fox games are a category of asymmetric board games for two players, where one player (the fox) attempts to catch the opponent's pieces (typically geese or sheep), while that player moves their pieces to either trap the fox or reach a destination on the board. In one variant, fox and hounds, a single fox tries to evade the other player's hounds.

The game is known by many names around the world, including Fox and geese in Britain, Renard et les poules in France, Lupo e pecore in Italy, Fuchs und Gänse (or Fuchs und Henne) in Germany, Schaap en wolf in the Netherlands, riebantablu in Sápmi, Rävspel in Sweden, Refskák in Iceland, Ratón y gatos in Spain, Lis i gęsi in Poland, Vlci a ovce in Slovakia, Volk i ovtsy in Russia and Bagh-chal in Nepal.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brunswick County, Virginia
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Brunswick County, Virginia.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Brunswick County, Virginia, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 12 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.  Another property was once listed but has been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Brunswick County, Virginia
Brunswick County is a United States county located on the southern border of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Brunswick County was created in 1720 from parts of Prince George, Surry and Isle of Wight counties. The county was named for the former Duchy of Brunswick-Lunenburg, the ancestral home of the British monarchs of the House of Hanover.

As of the 2020 census, the population of Brunswick county was 15,849. The county has a total area of 569 square miles, and the  county seat is Lawrenceville.  Known for its rural character, the county is one of the claimants to be the namesake of Brunswick stew, a popular Southern dish.
Hainan Military District
The Hainan Military District (Chinese: 中国人民解放军海南省军区; full name People's Liberation Army Hainan Military District or PLA Hainan Military District) is a military district of the National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission in China.

National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission
The National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission is a first-level organ under the Central Military Commission, at the deputy theater grade level. Like the CMC, it is a "one institution, two names" entity, that combines both party and state functions.

It was founded on 11 January 2016, under Xi Jinping's military reforms. as the successor of the Department of Defense Mobilization of the Central Staff.
Paulinów, Łódź Voivodeship
Paulinów [pau̯ˈlinuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerniewice, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Czerniewice, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 49 km (30 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Czerniewice
Gmina Czerniewice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Czerniewice, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 127.73 square kilometres (49.3 sq mi), and as of 2006, its total population was 5,113.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Spała Landscape Park.
Rhinoceros (Porno Graffitti album)
Rhinoceros ( ポルノグラフィティ)  is the tenth studio album by Japanese pop-rock band Porno Graffitti (ポルノグラフィティ.) It was released on August 19, 2015. The album features the song "Oh! Rival," the theme song to the anime "Detective Conan: Sunflowers of Fire," the 19th movie in the Detective Conan franchise.

Porno Graffitti
Porno Graffitti (ポルノグラフィティ, Poruno Gurafiti), also known as Porno (ポルノ, Poruno), are a Japanese rock band from Onomichi (formerly Innoshima), Hiroshima Prefecture. The band got their name from the album Pornograffitti by the band Extreme. They currently record under the SME Records label and their agency is Amuse, Inc.
Jelnia, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Jelnia [ˈjɛlɲa] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Rzeczenica, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Rzeczenica
Gmina Rzeczenica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Rzeczenica, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-west of Człuchów and 121 km (75 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 274.92 square kilometres (106.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,721.
Riccardo Tisci
Riccardo Tisci (Italian pronunciation: [rikˈkardo ˈtiʃʃi]; born 1974) is an Italian fashion designer.

He studied in Italy at the Design Istituto d’Arte Applicata in Cantù until the age of 17, and then graduated from London's Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in 1999.

In 2005, Tisci was creative director for Givenchy women's haute couture and ready-to-wear lines. In May 2008, he was additionally menswear and accessories designer of the Givenchy men's division. In March 2018, he was appointed chief creative officer of Burberry, succeeding Christopher Bailey.

Burberry
Burberry Group plc is a British luxury fashion house established in 1856 by Thomas Burberry and headquartered in London, England. It designs and distributes ready to wear, including trench coats, leather accessories, and footwear. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Eugene Lorton
Eugene Lorton (May 28, 1869 – October 17, 1949) was the long-time editor and publisher of the Tulsa World newspaper. Born in Missouri, he moved to Tulsa in 1911, where he bought a minority interest in the Tulsa World. Within six years, he owned the newspaper outright. He spent the rest of his life in Tulsa.

Tulsa World
The Tulsa World is an American daily newspaper. It serves the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma, and is the primary newspaper for the northeastern and eastern portions of Oklahoma. The printed edition is the second-most circulated newspaper in the state, after The Oklahoman.

It was founded in 1905 and locally owned by the Lorton family for almost 100 years until February 2013, when it was sold to BH Media Group, a Berkshire Hathaway company controlled by Warren Buffett. The Tulsa World Media Company became part of Lee Enterprises in 2020. The paper was jointly operated with the Tulsa Tribune from 1941 to 1992.
Tourkolekas
Tourkolekas (Greek: Τουρκολέκας) is a settlement in the municipal unit of Falaisia, southwest Arcadia, Greece. It is situated in the mountains near the border with Messenia, at about 800 m elevation. It is 5 km west of Kamara, 6 km northeast of Pefko (Messenia), 8 km southwest of Leontari and 17 km south of Megalopoli. Every August, Tourkolekas celebrates its Nikitareia festival in honour of Nikitaras, a Greek revolutionary leader. There is a marble statue of Nikitaras in the village.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.
Tekno Autosports
Tekno Autosports was an Australian motor racing team, established in the 1990s initially for the motor racing activities of Stephen Webb, and later his son Jonathon Webb. The team competed in the Supercars Championship using two Holden ZB Commodores built by Triple Eight Race Engineering. Fabian Coulthard and Garry Jacobson are the team's current drivers. At the end of 2021, the Supercars team was sold to Peter Xiberras and rebranded PremiAir Racing.

In 2016, the team won both the Bathurst 12 Hour and Bathurst 1000.

Will Davison
William Davison (born 30 August 1982) is an Australian professional racing driver. He currently drives the No.17 Ford Mustang GT for Dick Johnson Racing in the Repco Supercars Championship. Davison is a two-time winner of the Bathurst 1000, in 2009 and 2016.
The Charles Hotel
The Charles Hotel is a luxury hotel located at Sophienstrasse 28 in the Maxvorstadt borough of Munich in Bavaria, Germany. It was built in 2007 at the old botanical garden near the main train station.

The hotel is operated by Rocco Forte & Family (Munich) GmbH, which belongs to the British group Rocco Forte Hotels. The hotel is part of the Lenbachgärten. The hotel has 160 guest rooms (including 28 suites), a meeting area, a large ballroom for 300 guests, a restaurant, several bars and a swimming pool.

The eight-storey building was built in the Art Deco style by the Berlin architects Hilmer & Sattler und Albrecht. Construction began on 1 June 2005 and was completed on 1 July 2007.  The architecture has won several awards, including the Villegiature Award for "Best Hotel Architecture in Europe" in 2008 and the "German Natural Stone Award ".

Rocco Forte Hotels
Rocco Forte Hotels is a British hotel group that was established in 1996 by hotelier Sir Rocco Forte and his sister, Olga Polizzi. The group owns and operates 14 hotels across Europe. Sir Rocco Forte is Executive Chairman, while Olga Polizzi is Deputy Chairman and Director of Design. As of April 2024, the group employed 2,470 people.
Samuel Maxwell Harrington
Samuel Maxwell Harrington (1803 – November 28, 1865) was a Delaware judge who served as a justice of the Delaware Supreme Court from 1830 to 1839 and again from 1855 to 1857.

Harrington served as chief justice of the Delaware Supreme Court from October 16, 1830, until the constitution changed and he became an associate judge. He was reappointed by Delaware's Governor David Hazzard and was seated January 18, 1832. He was appointed chief justice of Delaware again on April 3, 1855. He became Chancellor of the Court of Chancery on May 4, 1857.

Harrington, Delaware is named for him.

He was an abolitionist. He was pictured in an engraving, and was painted by Ethel Harrington.

He married and had children including Samuel Maxwell Harrington Jr. (1840 - 1878), who read law under Harrington's tutelage.

Harrington, Delaware
Harrington is a city in Kent County, Delaware, United States. It is part of the Dover metropolitan statistical area. Harrington hosts the annual Delaware State Fair each July. The population was 3,774 in 2020.