hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gilad Erdan
Gilad Menashe Erdan (Hebrew: גלעד מנשה ארדן‎ [ɡilˈ(ʔ)ad (ʔ)eʁˈdan]; born 30 September 1970) is an Israeli politician and diplomat who served as Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations from 2020 through 2024.

Erdan previously served as Ambassador of Israel to the United States. He was also a member of the Knesset for Likud from 2003 to 2020, and holder of several ministerial positions, including Minister of Environmental Protection (2009–2013), Communications (2013–2014), Home Front Defense (2013–2014), Interior (2014–2015), Minister of Public Security (2015–2020), Minister of Strategic Affairs and Public Diplomacy (2015–2020) and Minister of Regional Cooperation (2020).

Ministry of Interior (Israel)
The Ministry of Interior (Hebrew: משרד הפנים, Misrad HaPnim; Arabic: وزارة الداخلية) in the State of Israel is one of the government offices that is responsible for local government, citizenship and residency, identity cards, and student and entry visas.
Planespotting Live
Planespotting Live is a live television programme broadcast on BBC Four over three nights between 23 and 25 July 2019. Announced on 5 July 2019, it follows on from similar "live" programmes on the BBC such as Trainspotting Live, Airport Live and Volcano Live

Airport Live
Airport Live is a live television programme broadcast on BBC Two over four nights from 17 June 2013 to 20 June 2013. The show was commissioned following the success of other "live" programmes such as Volcano Live.The show was presented by Kate Humble, Dan Snow, Anita Rani and Dallas Campbell from Heathrow Airport in London.  Dallas Campbell, Anita Rani and Dan Snow presented segments, which attempted to discover the principles behind Heathrow Airport. Airport Live also featured pre-recorded reports and interviews in addition to the real-time broadcast. Live cameras showed airport activity from around the airport and online features included the history of the airport site.
Histogenesis
Histogenesis is the formation of different tissues from undifferentiated cells. These cells are constituents of three primary germ layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The science of the microscopic structures of the tissues formed within histogenesis is termed histology.

Endoderm
Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer). Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.

The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.

In plant biology, endoderm corresponds to the innermost part of the cortex (bark) in young shoots and young roots often consisting of a single cell layer. As the plant becomes older, more endoderm will lignify.
Utah State Route 111
State Route 111 (SR-111) is a state highway in the U.S state of Utah that runs north–south across the west side of the Salt Lake Valley in Salt Lake County. It connects SR-201 in Magna to SR-209 in West Jordan in a span of 10.6 miles (17.06 km). It is known as 8400 West and Bacchus Highway throughout the route's course, in respect of north to south.

Prior to 1969, SR-111 extended past SR-209 (then SR-48) and passed through Herriman before terminating at SR-71.

Utah State Route 48
State Route 48 (SR-48) is a highway completely within Salt Lake County in northern Utah that connects Bangerter Highway with I-15 and US-89. The route is laid on portions of 7800 South, Redwood Road, and 7200 South. When the route was formed in 1927, it passed through the center of Midvale on Center Street. However, it was moved north onto 7200 South in 1965 to serve an exit of I-15.
Gutiyari Lal Duwesh
Gutiyari Lal Duwesh is an Indian politician and member of the 15th and the 16th Legislative assemblies of Uttar Pradesh. Duwesh represented the Agra Cantt. constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party political party. On 12 March 2019, in Lucknow he has joined Bhartiya Janata Party and left Bahujan Samaj Party having the Supremo Km. Mayawati. This is one of the biggest shocks to the B.S.P. because since then, nothing is running smoothly in B.S.P. community.

16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a. Sixteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 15 March 2012 as a result of 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 8 Feb to 3 March 2012. The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly has total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member) against a total strength of 404 members.
Null cipher
A null cipher, also known as concealment cipher, is an ancient form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non-cipher material. Today it is regarded as a simple form of steganography, which can be used to hide ciphertext.

This is one of three categories of cipher used in classical cryptography along with substitution ciphers and transposition ciphers.

Transposition cipher
In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition) without changing the characters themselves. Transposition ciphers reorder units of plaintext (typically characters or groups of characters) according to a regular system to produce a ciphertext which is a permutation of the plaintext. They differ from substitution ciphers, which do not change the position of units of plaintext but instead change the units themselves. Despite the difference between transposition and substitution operations, they are often combined, as in historical ciphers like the ADFGVX cipher or complex high-quality encryption methods like the modern Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
Stealing O'Neal
Stealing O'Neal (commonly referred to as SO'N) were an Australian pop rock band from Melbourne, formed in 2004. The band comprised vocalist Chris Scott, guitarist and backing vocalist Jack Tosi, bassist Tom Fleming, guitarist Tim O'Keefe and drummer Ryan D'Sylva. They made a name for themselves with live performances alongside well-known Australian acts Something with Numbers, The Hot Lies and The Getaway Plan, as well as international acts New Found Glory, Boys Night Out, All Time Low and The Audition as well as playing as the Melbourne local act at Soundwave 2009.

Stealing O'Neal released two EPs: Spin for Me (2006), which reached No. 53 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and Collidescope (2008), which reached No. 20 on the ARIA Physical Singles Chart, and one studio album: Don't Sleep (2010), before disbanding in September 2011.

The Getaway Plan
The Getaway Plan are an Australian rock band, which formed in 2004. Founding mainstays are Matthew Wright on lead vocals, piano and rhythm guitar and Clint Ellis on lead guitar. They were joined in 2014 by Dan Maio on drums, and his brother, Mike Maio on bass guitar. Former long-term members are Dave Anderson on bass guitar and Aaron Barnett on drums and percussion.

The Getaway Plan found commercial success in Australia upon the release of their debut studio album, Other Voices, Other Rooms, in 2008. The album peaked at number one on the AIR Charts (Australian Independent Records) and number 14 on the ARIA Albums Chart. Their second studio album, Requiem, appeared in 2011. The group's first self-funded, A double a-sided single is "Lovesick/Mirrors" (2013). The Getaway Plan released their third studio album, Dark Horses, in 2015. It debuted at number ten on the ARIA Albums Chart – their highest position in Australia.
Linguistic distance
Linguistic distance is the measure of how different one language (or dialect) is from another. Although they lack a uniform approach to quantifying linguistic distance between languages, linguists apply the concept to a variety of linguistic contexts, such as second-language acquisition, historical linguistics, language-based conflicts, and the effects of language differences on trade.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Noosa River Caravan Park
Noosa River Caravan Park is a heritage-listed caravan park at Russell Street, Noosaville, Shire of Noosa, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1929 onwards. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 April 2009.

Shire of Noosa
The Shire of Noosa (/ˈnuːsə/) is a local government area about 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Brisbane in the Sunshine Coast district of South East Queensland, Australia. The shire covers an area of 870 square kilometres (335.9 sq mi). It existed as a local government entity from 1910 until 2008, when it was amalgamated with the Shire of Maroochy and City of Caloundra to form the Sunshine Coast Region. The shire was re-established on 1 January 2014. In the 2021 census, the shire had a population of 56,298 people.
Artificial cranial deformation
Artificial cranial deformation or modification, head flattening, or head binding is a form of body alteration in which the skull of a human being is deformed intentionally. It is done by distorting the normal growth of a child's skull by applying pressure. Flat shapes, elongated ones (produced by binding between two pieces of wood), rounded ones (binding in cloth), and conical ones are among those chosen or valued in various cultures.

Typically, the alteration is carried out on an infant, when the skull is most pliable. In a typical case, head binding begins approximately a month after birth and continues for about six months.

Body modification
Body modification (or body alteration) is the deliberate altering of the human anatomy or human physical appearance. In its broadest definition it includes skin tattooing, socially acceptable decoration (e.g., common body piercing in many societies), and religious rites of passage (e.g., circumcision in a number of cultures), as well as the modern primitive movement.

Body modification is performed for a large variety of reasons, including aesthetics, sexual enhancement, rites of passage, religious beliefs, to display group membership or affiliation, in remembrance of lived experience, traditional symbolism such as axis mundi and mythology, to create body art, for shock value, and as self-expression, among other reasons.
Hilda Emery Davis
Hilda Emery Davis (née Hodgkins; November 1, 1895 – September 20, 1995) was an American composer and pianist, mainly active in Philadelphia. She was also married to famous orchestra leader Meyer Davis and was the mother of World Citizen Garry Davis.

Garry Davis
Sol Gareth "Garry" Davis (27 July 1921 – 24 July 2013) was an international peace activist best known for renouncing his American citizenship and interrupting the United Nations in 1948 to advocate for world government as a way to end nationalistic wars.

Davis renounced his citizenship of the United States in May 1948 at the American Embassy in Paris, France, declaring himself instead a citizen of the world.

Davis, a World Federalist, founded the non-profit World Service Authority in 1953 to educate and promote World government. The World Service Authority issues "world government documents", such as the World Passport, a fantasy travel document based on his interpretation of Article 13(2), Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the concept of world citizenship. Previously, Davis had worked as a Broadway stage actor and understudy for Danny Kaye.  He served as an American bomber pilot in World War II.
Arkaim
Arkaim (Russian: Аркаим) is a fortified archaeological site, dated to c. 2150-1650 BCE, belonging to the Sintashta culture, situated in the steppe of the Southern Urals, 8.2 km (5.10 mi) north-northwest of the village of Amursky and 2.3 km (1.43 mi) east-southeast of the village of Alexandrovsky in the Chelyabinsk Oblast of Russia, just north of the border with Kazakhstan. It was discovered in 1987 by a team of archaeologists which later came under the leadership of Gennady Zdanovich. The realization of its importance unprecedentedly forestalled the planned flooding of the area for a reservoir. The construction of Arkaim is attributed to the early Proto-Indo-Iranian-speakers of the Sintashta culture, which some scholars believe represents the proto-Indo-Iranians before their split into different groups and migration to Central Asia and from there to the Iranian plateau, Indian subcontinent and other parts of Eurasia.

Indo-Iranians
The Indo-Iranian peoples, or Indo-Iranic peoples, also known as Ā́rya or Aryans from their self-designation, were a group of speakers of Indo-European languages who brought the offshoot Indo-Iranian languages to parts of Eurasia in waves from the first part of the 2nd millennium BC onwards. They eventually branched out into the Iranian peoples and Indo-Aryan peoples.
1947 Rose Bowl
The 1947 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game, the 33rd edition of the Rose Bowl Game. The Illinois Fighting Illini defeated the UCLA Bruins, 45–14. Illinois halfbacks Buddy Young and Jules Rykovich shared the Player of the Game award, named when the award was created in 1953 and selections were made retroactively.

This was the first Rose Bowl game that featured teams from the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) and the Big Nine Conference (now the Big Ten). It is known as the first "modern" Rose Bowl, and modern Rose Bowl records date to this game. The conference tie-ins were defined by the terms of an exclusive five-year agreement. The agreement was renegotiated with the newly formed Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU; later known as the Pacific-8, Pacific-10, and Pac-12) following the disbandment of the PCC in mid-1959. The agreement remained in place until the 1999 Rose Bowl, when the Rose Bowl became part of the Bowl Championship Series.

1999 Rose Bowl
The 1999 Rose Bowl was the 85th Rose Bowl game and was played on Friday January 1, 1999, at the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California. It was a college football bowl game at the end of the 1998 NCAA Division I-A football season.  Wisconsin defeated UCLA by a score of 38–31. Ron Dayne of Wisconsin was named the Rose Bowl Player of the Game. He tied a modern Rose Bowl record with four touchdowns. This was the first year that the Rose Bowl became part of the Bowl Championship Series, ending a long-standing agreement between the Big Ten and the "West Representative" (PCC/AAWU) and the first year that the game was branded with corporate sponsorship. Unlike the other bowl games, the sponsor was not added to the title of the game, but instead as a presenter, so it became known as The Rose Bowl Game presented by AT&T.
Locri Cathedral
Locri Cathedral (Italian: Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Mastro; Duomo di Locri) is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Virgin Mary in the city of Locri, in Calabria, Italy. Since 1954 it has been the seat of the bishops of Gerace-Locri, now the bishops of Locri-Gerace.

The church building, in the Lombard Romanesque style, was built in 1933 by order of Mgr. Giorgio Delrio, bishop of Gerace (1906–1920).

The interior, on a Latin cross groundplan, has three aisles: the two side aisles terminate in small chapels. The central part of the north aisle contains a marble sculpture depicting Bishop Francesco Saverio Mangeruva (1872-1905) and the sarcophagus of Bishop Michele Alberto Arduino (1962–1972).

Diocese of Locri-Gerace
The Diocese of Locri-Gerace (Latin: Dioecesis Locrensis-Hieracensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Calabria. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Reggio Calabria-Bova.

Historically it was the Diocese of Gerace, becoming in 1954 the Diocese of Gerace-Locri and taking the current name in 1986.
Shehu Musa Yar'Adua
Shehu Musa Yar'Adua GCFR ((listenⓘ); 5 March 1943 – 8 December 1997) was a Nigerian general and politician who was the de facto vice president of Nigeria as Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters when Nigeria was under military rule from 1976 to 1979. He was a prominent politician during the later transition from military to civilian rule in the late 1980s and into the 1990s.

Vice President of Nigeria
The vice president of Nigeria is the second-highest official in the executive branch of the federal government of Nigeria, after the president of Nigeria, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. Officially styled Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the vice president is directly elected together with the president to a four-year term of office.

Kashim Shettima is the 15th and current vice president of Nigeria, he assumed office on 29 May 2023.
Frank Wyville Thomson
Lt Colonel Frank Wyville Thomson FRSE IMS (1860 – 27 May 1918) was a 19th/20th century Scottish military surgeon and expert on tropical medicine who advanced public health in India and a noted amateur naturalist.

Indian Medical Service
The Indian Medical Service (IMS) was a military medical service in British India, which also had some civilian functions. Originating during the East India Company's period of rule, it was organised into a single unified service in 1896, served during the two World Wars, and remained in existence until the independence of India in 1947.

Many of its officers, who were both British and Indian, served in civilian hospitals. Among its notable ranks, the IMS had Sir Ronald Ross, a Nobel Prize winner, Sir Benjamin Franklin, later honorary physician to three British monarchs and Henry Vandyke Carter, best known for his illustrations in the anatomy textbook Gray's Anatomy.
2002 MLB Japan All-Star Series
The 2002 MLB Japan All-Star Series was the eighth edition of the championship, a best-of-eight series between the All-Star teams from Major League Baseball (MLB) and Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

MLB won the series by 5–3–0 and Torii Hunter was named MVP.

MLB Japan All-Star Series
The MLB Japan All-Star Series is an irregular end-of-the-season tour of Japan made by an All-Star team from Major League Baseball (MLB) since 1986, contested in a best-of format against the All-Stars from Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) or recently as of 2014 their national team Samurai Japan (SJP).

The series has featured many great players, such as Nori Aoki, Barry Bonds, Ken Griffey Jr., Randy Johnson, Chase Utley, Ryan Howard, Hideki Matsui, Ichiro Suzuki, Shinnosuke Abe, David Ortiz, Sammy Sosa, Justin Morneau, Joe Mauer, David Wright, Jose Reyes, Jose Altuve, Robinson Canó and Manny Ramírez.

In the beginning of all games the American, Canadian and Japanese national anthems are all played. Games can end in a tie if it persists through 12 innings, just as in NPB rules.
Francisco Monción
Francisco Monción (July 6, 1918 – April 1, 1995) was a Dominican-born American ballet dancer and choreographer who was a charter member of the New York City Ballet. Over the course of his long career, spanning some forty years, he created roles in major works by George Balanchine, Jerome Robbins, and others. He was also an amateur painter.

Jerome Robbins
Jerome Robbins (born Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz; October 11, 1918 – July 29, 1998) was an American dancer, choreographer, film director, theatre director and producer who worked in classical ballet, on stage, film, and television.

Among his numerous stage productions were On the Town, Peter Pan, High Button Shoes, The King and I, The Pajama Game, Bells Are Ringing, West Side Story, Gypsy, and Fiddler on the Roof. Robbins was a five-time Tony Award-winner and a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors. He received two Academy Awards, including the 1961 Academy Award for Best Director with Robert Wise for West Side Story and a special Academy Honorary Award for his choreographic achievements on film.

A documentary about Robbins's life and work, Something to Dance About, featuring excerpts from his journals, archival performance and rehearsal footage, and interviews with Robbins and his colleagues, premiered on PBS in 2009 and won both an Emmy and a Peabody Award the same year.
Tarabganj Assembly constituency
Tarabganj is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Tarabganj and other parts of Tarabganj tehsil, in the Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established in 2012 and is one of five assembly constituencies in the Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 299 amongst 403 constituencies.

Gonda district
Gonda district is an administrative district in the Awadh region of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The district headquarters is located at the city of Gonda, which also serves as the administrative centre of the Devipatan division. The district covers an area of 4,003 km2 (1,546 sq mi).
Flow conditioning
Flow conditioning ensures that the "real world" environment closely resembles the "laboratory" environment for proper performance of inferential flowmeters like orifice, turbine, coriolis, ultrasonic etc.

Flow measurement
Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement.  Flow can be measured using devices called flowmeters in various ways. The common types of flowmeters with industrial applications are listed below:

Obstruction type (differential pressure or variable area)

Inferential (turbine type)

Electromagnetic

Positive-displacement flowmeters, which accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and then count the number of times the volume is filled to measure flow.

Fluid dynamic (vortex shedding)

Anemometer

Ultrasonic flow meter

Mass flow meter (Coriolis force).

Flow measurement methods other than positive-displacement flowmeters rely on forces produced by the flowing stream as it overcomes a known constriction, to indirectly calculate flow. Flow may be measured by measuring the velocity of fluid over a known area. For very large flows, tracer methods may be used to deduce the flow rate from the change in concentration of a dye or radioisotope.
Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta
Istiqlal Mosque (Indonesian: Masjid Istiqlal, lit. 'Independence Mosque'; Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلْإِسْتِقْلَال, romanized: Masjid al-Istiqlāl, lit. 'Mosque of the Independence') in Jakarta, Indonesia is the largest mosque in Southeast Asia and the ninth largest mosque in the world in terms of worshipper capacity. Built to commemorate Indonesian independence, this national mosque of Indonesia was named "Istiqlal", an Arabic word for "independence". The mosque was opened to the public on 22 February 1978. Within Jakarta, the mosque is positioned next to Merdeka Square, the Jakarta Cathedral (Catholic), and also of the Immanuel Church (Reformed).

Immanuel Church, Jakarta
Immanuel's Church (Indonesian: Gereja Immanuel, Dutch: Willemskerk) is a Protestant church in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is considered one of the oldest churches in Indonesia. It stands on the corner of Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur and Jalan Pejambon, part of the 19th century's Weltevreden district, renamed and transformed into Gambir. The church is the only one in Jakarta that conducts some of its services in Dutch. It also performs services in Indonesian and English.