hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arabic calligraphy
Arabic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy based on the Arabic alphabet. It is known in Arabic as khatt (Arabic: خَطّ), derived from the words 'line', 'design', or 'construction'. Kufic is the oldest form of the Arabic script.

From an artistic point of view, Arabic calligraphy has been known and appreciated for its diversity and great potential for development. In fact, it has been linked in Arabic culture to various fields such as religion, art, architecture, education and craftsmanship, which in turn have played an important role in its advancement.

Although most Islamic calligraphy is in Arabic and most Arabic calligraphy is Islamic, the two are not identical. Coptic or other Christian manuscripts in Arabic, for example, have made use of calligraphy. Likewise, there is Islamic calligraphy in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.

Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet, or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is a unicameral script written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, of which most have contextual forms. Unlike the modern Latin alphabet, the script has no concept of letter case. The Arabic alphabet is an abjad, with only consonants required to be written (though the long vowels – ā ī ū – are also written, with letters used for consonants); due to its optional use of diacritics to notate vowels, it is considered an impure abjad.
P. Gopinathan Nair
Padmanabha Pillai Gopinathan Nair (7 July 1922 – 5 July 2022) was an Indian social worker, Gandhian, independence activist, and the chairman of Mahatma Gandhi National Memorial Trust (popularly known as Gandhi Smarak Nidhi).

He participated in the Quit India movement of 1942 and worked alongside Vinoba Bhave to promote the Bhoodan and Gramdan movements. He was the initiator of the camp movement, a student program that was part of the Construction Movement of Mahatma Gandhi. He was a recipient of the Jamnalal Bajaj Award, among other honors. The Government of India awarded him the fourth-highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2016, for his contributions to society.

Vinoba Bhave
Vinayak Narahar Bhave, also known as Vinoba Bhave (pronunciationⓘ; 11 September 1895 – 15 November 1982), was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights. Often called Acharya (Teacher in Sanskrit), he is best known for the Bhoodan land reform movement. He is considered as National Teacher of India and the spiritual successor of Mahatma Gandhi. He was an eminent philosopher. He translated the Bhagavad Gita into the Marathi language with the title Geetai (meaning 'Mother Gīta' in Marathi).
Gabriel Gómez (footballer, born 1984)
Gabriel Enrique Gómez Girón (born 29 May 1984) is a Panamanian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

His own notwithstanding, he played professionally in six countries in a 19-year career, mainly Colombia and Portugal.

Gómez was Panama's all-time record cap holder, appearing in 148 internationals and representing the nation in seven Gold Cup tournaments and the 2018 World Cup.

CONCACAF Gold Cup
The CONCACAF Gold Cup (Spanish: Copa Oro CONCACAF) is an association football  competition organized by CONCACAF as its premier continental tournament for men's senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament is held every two years with its inaugural edition in 1991. It is the direct successor competition of the CONCACAF Championship (1963–1989).

So far, three national teams have won the tournament: Mexico (10 times), the United States (7), and Canada (1). All of them are member associations of the North American Football Union (NAFU).
Nigel Pickard
Nigel Pickard is a British television executive who oversaw the creation and launch of, amongst others, the BBC's children's channels, CBBC and CBeebies and as director of programmes at ITV, was responsible for commissioning some of the UK's most popular shows. He also worked for Zodiak Media, one of the largest independent producers in the world and is currently a Director of Nevision.

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is a method of examination of the eye. It uses the technique of confocal laser scanning microscopy for diagnostic imaging of the retina or cornea of the human eye.

As a method used to image the retina with a high degree of spatial sensitivity, it is helpful in the diagnosis of glaucoma, macular degeneration, and other retinal disorders.  It has further been combined with adaptive optics technology to provide sharper images of the retina.

Confocal microscopy
Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. Capturing multiple two-dimensional images at different depths in a sample enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures (a process known as optical sectioning) within an object. This technique is used extensively in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.

Light travels through the sample under a conventional microscope as far into the specimen as it can penetrate, while a confocal microscope only focuses a smaller beam of light at one narrow depth level at a time. The CLSM achieves a controlled and highly limited depth of field.
Leishmania major
Leishmania major is a species of parasite found in the genus Leishmania, and is associated with the disease zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (also known as Aleppo boil, Baghdad boil, Bay sore, Biskra button, Chiclero ulcer, Delhi boil, Kandahar sore, Lahore sore, Oriental sore, Pian bois, and Uta). L. major is an intracellular pathogen which infects the macrophages and dendritic cells of the immune system. Though Leishmania species are found on every continent aside from Antarctica, Leishmania major is found only in the Eastern Hemisphere, specifically in Northern Africa, the Middle East, Northwestern China, and Northwestern India.

Trypanosomatida
Trypanosomatida is a group of kinetoplastid unicellular organisms distinguished by having only a single flagellum. The name is derived from the Greek trypano (borer) and soma (body) because of the corkscrew-like motion of some trypanosomatid species. All members are exclusively parasitic, found primarily in insects. A few genera have life-cycles involving a secondary host, which may be a vertebrate, invertebrate or plant. These include several species that cause major diseases in humans. Some trypanosomatida are intracellular parasites, with the important exception of Trypanosoma brucei.
Jawa Moto
JAWA (Czech pronunciation: [java]) is a motorcycle and moped manufacturer founded in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1929 by František Janeček, who bought the motorcycle division of Wanderer. The name JAWA was established by concatenating the first letters of Janeček and Wanderer. In the past, especially in the 1950s, JAWA was one of the top motorcycle manufacturers and exported its 350 model to over 120 countries. The best known model was the 350 Pérák, and in the 1970s the 350 Californian. It appeared in typical black and red coloring from the US to New Zealand. After 1990 a significant loss of production occurred. A successor company was formed in 1997 in Týnec nad Sázavou, continuing the name as JAWA Moto.

In the Indian market the brand JAWA Motorcycles was resurrected in December 2018 by Classic Legends, which is owned by Mahindra & Mahindra, through a licensing deal with the original Czech company JAWA Moto.

Mahindra & Mahindra
Mahindra and Mahindra is an Indian automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Mumbai. It was established in 1945 as Mahindra & Mohammed and later renamed Mahindra & Mahindra. Part of the Mahindra Group, M&M is one of the largest SUV manufacturers by production in India and the Mahindra Tractors subsidiary is the largest manufacturer of tractors in the world by volume. It was ranked 17th on a list of top companies in India by Fortune India 500 in 2018. Its major competitors in the Indian vehicular market include Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors. Anish Shah is the current CEO and Managing Director of Mahindra & Mahindra.
John Boswell (rugby union)
John Boswell (16 February 1867 – 5 January 1948) was a Scotland international rugby union player. He was the 25th President of the Scottish Rugby Union. He served in the military in the Boer War and the First World War and won the Serbian medal Order of the White Eagle in 1917. He was a Writer to the Signet and owned Garallan House near Cumnock.

Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)
The Order of the White Eagle (Serbian: Орден Белог орла, romanized: Orden Belog orla) was a state order in the Kingdom of Serbia (1883–1918) and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1945).

It continues as a dynastic order, with appointments currently made by Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia.
Świeradów-Zdrój railway station
Świeradów-Zdrój is a railway station in Świeradów-Zdrój, located in the southwestern part of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship.

Once one of the most important railway stations of the Mirsk–Świeradów Nadleśnictwo railway, it was opened on 31 October 1909 with the launch of the railway line from Mirsk. It initially served passenger traffic until 11 February 1996, and in 1998, freight services were suspended. In 2012, the station's buildings became the property of the town, and between 2018 and 2019, they underwent revitalization and adaptation for museum and cultural purposes. On 10 December 2023, after the revitalization of the Gryfów Śląski–Świeradów-Zdrój line, regular passenger connections were reinstated, and Świeradów-Zdrój became the last stop on the Gryfów Śląski–Świeradów-Zdrój railway.

Świeradów-Zdrój
Świeradów-Zdrój (Polish: [ɕfjɛˈraduv ˈzdruj]; German: Bad Flinsberg) is a spa town in Lubań County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland near the border with the Czech Republic. The town is located in the Kwisa valley of the Jizera Mountains, a part of the Sudetes range. As at 2019, it has a population of 4,147.
Betty Cordon
Betty Green Cordon Silver (July 14, 1923 – May 17, 2012) was an American debutante, socialite, and philanthropist. She was a leading debutante in North Carolina and member of New York City's café society who was dubbed "New York's Number One Glamour Girl" by Sherman Billingsley, the owner of the Stork Club, in 1941, and the "Nation's Number One Debutante" by The Wilmington Star in 1942. During World War II, she volunteered with the American Women's Voluntary Services and was featured in advertisement campaigns for Woodbury Soap Company. In 1956, Cordon was named "Woman of the Year" by the Association of Junior Leagues of America.

Junior League
The Association of Junior Leagues International, Inc. (Junior League or JL) is a private, nonprofit educational women's volunteer organization aimed at improving communities and the social, cultural, and political fabric of civil society.  With 298 Junior League chapters in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the United Kingdom as of 2024, it is one of the oldest and largest women's groups dedicated to improving society.  Members engage in developing civic-leadership skills, fundraising, and volunteering on committees to support partner community organizations related to foster-children, ending domestic violence, fighting human trafficking, illiteracy, city beautification, and other issues. Its mission is to advance women's leadership for meaningful community impact through volunteer action, collaboration, and training.

It was founded in 1901 in New York City by Barnard College debutante  Mary Harriman.
Thomas Stewart Traill
Thomas Stewart Traill FRSE PRCPE MWS RSSA (29 October 1781 – 30 July 1862) was a British physician, chemist, meteorologist, zoologist and professor of medical jurisprudence. He was well known through his involvement in the Roscoe circle and the British Association for the Advancement of Science.

Royal Scottish Society of Arts
The Royal Scottish Society of Arts is a learned society in Scotland, dedicated to the study of science and technology. It was founded as The Society for the Encouragement of the Useful Arts in Scotland by Sir David Brewster in 1821 and dedicated to "the promotion of invention and enterprise". The Society was granted a Royal Charter in 1841.
Jobi manucode
The Jobi manucode (Manucodia jobiensis) is a species of crow-like bird-of-paradise.

The Jobi manucode is distributed in lowland forests of Jobi Island and northern New Guinea. The diet consists mainly of fruits and arthropods. Like other manucodes, it is monogamous.

One of the most common birds-of-paradise in its range, the Jobi manucode is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

Bird-of-paradise
The birds-of-paradise are members of the family Paradisaeidae of the order Passeriformes. They are found mainly in New Guinea, as well as eastern Australia and the Moluccas. The family has 44 species in 17 genera. The members of this family are perhaps best known for the plumage of the males of the species, the majority of which are sexually dimorphic. The males of these species tend to have very long, elaborate feathers extending from the beak, wings, tail, or head. For the most part, they are confined to dense rainforest habitats. The diet of all species is dominated by fruit and to a lesser extent arthropods. The birds-of-paradise have a variety of breeding systems, ranging from monogamy to lek-type polygamy.

A number of species are threatened by hunting and habitat loss.
Church of Saint Demetrius in Mitrovica, Kosovo
The Church of St. Demetrius (Serbian Cyrillic: Црква Светог Димитрија, romanized: Crkva Svetog Dimitrija; Albanian: Kisha e Shën Dhimitrit) is the church of the Serbian Orthodox Church, owned by the Rasko-Prizren diocese, in the city of Mitrovica, Kosovo.

After NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Mitrovica was divided into northern and southern parts. Due to the separation, the Church of St. Sava, located in the southern, Albanian part of the city, became inaccessible to the Serbs who migrated to the northern part of the city. There was a need to build a new temple, the construction of which began in November 2001. The place for the construction of a new temple is carefully selected and dominant; the temple is visible from any part of the city. The construction of the church was completed in November 2005, the consecration ceremony was held on St. Demetrius Day in the same year.

Demetrius of Thessaloniki
Saint Demetrius (or Demetrios) of Thessalonica (Greek: Ἅγιος Δημήτριος τῆς Θεσσαλονίκης, Hágios Dēmḗtrios tēs Thessaloníkēs), also known as the Holy Great-Martyr Demetrius the Myroblyte (meaning 'the Myrrh-Gusher' or 'Myrrh-Streamer'; 3rd century – 306), was a Greek Christian martyr of the early 4th century AD.

During the Middle Ages, he came to be revered as one of the most important Orthodox military saints, often paired with Saint George of Lydda.

In the Roman Catholic Church he is most commonly called Demetrius of Sirmium and his memorial is 9 April in the 2004 Roman Martyrology and 8 October in the martyrology of the Extraordinary Form. It is debated whether Demetrius of Thessalonica and Demetrius of Sirmium are the same person.
Wolf (Exo song)
"Wolf" (Korean: 늑대와 미녀; RR: Neukdaewa Minyeo; lit. The Wolf and the Beauty; Chinese: 狼与美女; pinyin: Láng yǔ Měinǚ) is a song by South Korean–Chinese boy band Exo, released on May 30, 2013, as the lead single of their first studio album XOXO. It was released in both Korean and Chinese versions by their label SM Entertainment, and was their first song recorded by all twelve members.

SM Entertainment
SM Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Korean: SM엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1995 by Lee Soo-man. It is one of South Korea's largest entertainment companies and has been responsible for fostering and popularizing the careers of many K-pop stars garnering huge global fanbases. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. SM Entertainment is known for having led the worldwide K-pop phenomenon and the musical side of "Hallyu", also known as the "Korean Wave", with early overseas successes such as H.O.T., S.E.S., and BoA.

The label currently represents K-pop artists such as Kangta, TVXQ, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, Exo, Red Velvet, NCT, Aespa, Riize, Naevis, and Hearts2Hearts.
Miss Nepal 2024
The Hidden Treasures Dabur Vatika Shampoo Miss Nepal 2024 was the 28th Miss Nepal pageant held on 3 August 2024 at the Godavari Sunrise Convention Center, Lalitpur.The Nepalese delegates for Miss Earth 2024 and Miss International 2024 were crowned at the end of the event.  Miss Nepal World 2024 did not participate in Miss World pageant.

The grand coronation event was shown live exclusively on Official YouTube Channel of The Hidden Treasure and Himalaya TV.

Miss Earth 2024
Miss Earth 2024 was the 24th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Okada Manila, in Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines, on November 9, 2024.

Drita Ziri of Albania crowned Jessica Lane of Australia as her successor at the end of the event, marking their first victory in the pageant. This win makes Australia the sixth country overall and the first from the oceanic region to win all of the Big Four beauty pageants.

Meanwhile, Lane's elemental court includes Iceland's Hrafnhildur Haraldsdóttir as Miss Earth Air, United States's Bea Millan-Windorski as Miss Earth Water, and Peru's Niva Antezana as Miss Earth Fire.
Peter Biyiasas
Peter Biyiasas (born November 19, 1950) is a Canadian chess grandmaster. He was Canadian champion in 1972 and 1975, represented Canada with success on four Olympiad teams, and played in two Interzonals. He moved to the United States in 1979, settling in California. He retired from competitive play in the mid-1980s to work as a computer programmer. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, he was a frequent training partner of Bobby Fischer, who stayed at his home in San Francisco for extended periods.

Interzonal chess tournaments
Interzonal chess tournaments were tournaments organized by the World Chess Federation FIDE from the 1950s to the 1990s.  They were a stage in the triennial World Chess Championship cycle and were held after the Zonal tournaments, and before the Candidates Tournament. Since 2005, the Chess World Cup has filled a similar role.
Naz Hillmon
Nazahrah Ansaria Hillmon (born April 5, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and for the Laces of Unrivaled. She played college basketball at Michigan, where she is Michigan's all-time leader in rebounds, double-doubles, and free throws made. As a junior she was named a first-team All-American and Big Ten Player of the Year. She also represented the United States at the 2019 FIBA Under-19 Women's Basketball World Cup and won a gold medal.

Laces BC
Laces Basketball Club, also known as Laces BC, is an American professional basketball team. They are a member of the Unrivaled basketball league, and made their debut in January 2025. The teams are based in Miami, Florida and the Laces are led by coach Andrew Wade.
Guildo hat euch lieb!
"Guildo hat euch lieb!" (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɪldoː hat ʔɔʏç ˈliːp]; "Guildo loves you!") was the German entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998, performed in German by Guildo Horn & Die Orthopädischen Strümpfe. The song was performed ninth on the night, following Israel's Dana International with "Diva" and preceding Malta's Chiara with "The One That I Love". At the close of voting, it had received 86 points, placing 7th in a field of 25.

Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998
Malta was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 with the song "The One That I Love", composed by Jason Cassar, with lyrics by Sunny Aquilina, and performed by Chiara. The Maltese participating broadcaster, Public Broadcasting Services (PBS), selected its entry through a national final.
Norwegian campaign order of battle
The German operation for the invasion of Denmark and Norway in April 1940 was code-named Weserübung, or "Weser Exercise." Opposing the invasion were the partially mobilized Norwegian military, and an allied expeditionary force composed of British, French, and Free Polish formations. The following list formed the order of battle for this campaign.

2nd Division (Norway)
The Norwegian 2nd Division (Norwegian: 2. divisjon) was responsible for defending Eastern Norway against Nazi Germany during the early part of the Norwegian campaign of the Second World War. The division was commanded by General Jacob Hvinden Haug.
Marisa Anderson
Marisa Anderson is an American guitarist and composer based in Portland, Oregon. She is primarily known for mixing American primitive guitar with various genres from throughout the United States and the rest of the world, and for her largely improvised compositions. Though primarily known for playing acoustic and electric guitars, she has also played keyboards and other instruments on her albums. Anderson grew up in Sonoma, California, and after dropping out of college, travelled around the United States and Mexico for several years before settling in Portland.

She has released 11 albums under her own name since 2006, including two collaborative albums with Jim White and one each with Tashi Dorji and William Tyler. She was also previously a member of the bands the Dolly Ranchers and Evolutionary Jass Band, releasing multiple albums with each act. She has toured with all three collaborators, as well as with acts such as Emmylou Harris, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, and Thurston Moore.

William Tyler (musician)
William Armistead Tyler (born December 25, 1979, in Nashville, Tennessee) is an American guitarist and composer who plays "cosmic country," folk, indie folk, and pop rock.

He was a member of the band Lambchop from 1998 to 2010 and the band Silver Jews from 2001 to 2009. His debut solo studio album, Behold the Spirit, was released on November 22, 2010. Adam Bednarik produced the album with Tyler on Tompkins Square Records. He has since released three additional solo albums.
Teatr-e Shahr Metro Station
Teatr-e Shahr Metro Station is a station in Tehran Metro Line 4 and  Line 3. It is located at the intersection of Enghelab Street and Valiasr Street near the location of Teatr-e Shahr, in Daneshjoo Park. The station was formerly known as Vali Asr Metro Station. However, its name was officially changed on February 2, 2016, in order to avoid confusions with the newer Meydan-e Vali Asr Metro Station.

City Theater of Tehran
The City Theater (Persian: تئاتر شهر, romanized: Teātr-e Šahr) is a performing arts complex in Tehran, the capital of Iran. It was built with the initiative of Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi under the rule of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.

It contains several performance spaces, including the halls of Cheharsou, Qashqai, Sayeh, the performance studio, and the main hall. The complex was designed by architect Ali Sardar Afkhami in the 1960s, and opened in 1972. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance has overseen its operation. City Theater of Tehran is closed on Saturdays.