hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Montaillou (book)
Montaillou ([mɔ̃.ta.ju]; French: Montaillou, village occitan de 1294 à 1324, lit. 'Montaillou, an Occitan Village from 1294 to 1324') is a book by the French historian Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie first published in 1975. It was first translated into English in 1978 by Barbara Bray, and has been subtitled The Promised Land of Error and Cathars and Catholics in a French Village.

Montaillou was Ladurie's "most important and popular work". Ladurie used the inquisitorial records of Jacques Fournier to reconstruct the lives of the inhabitants of Montaillou in the Ariège (at the time, the county of Foix).  The work was part of the historical anthropology of the Annales school.

Ariège (department)
Ariège (French pronunciation: [aʁjɛʒ] ⓘ; Occitan: Arièja [aɾiˈɛdʒɔ]) is a department in southwestern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It is named after the river Ariège and its capital is Foix. Ariège is known for its rural landscape, with a population of 153,287 as of 2019. Its INSEE and postal code is 09. The inhabitants of the department are known as Ariègeois or Ariègeoises.
Siege of Ahmednagar (1558–1559)
Siege of Ahmednagar (1558–1559)  was a military engagement between Ahmadnagar Sultanate and Vijayanagara Empire. In the 1558 Vijayanagara along with its allies Bijapur, Bidar and Golconda besieged the fort of Ahmednagar. The siege continued for more than 2 months but the imperialist weren't able to capture the fort. In the end Hussain Nizam Shah I sued for peace because even tho fort wasn't conquered they were struggling for resources. Rama Raya accepted the treaty thus Kalyani was ceded to Bijapur and peace was established.

Hussain Nizam Shah I
Hussain Nizam Shah I (Persian: حسین نظام شاه یکم; died 6 June 1565) was the Sultan of Ahmadnagar from 9 February 1554 until his death in 1565. He was the leading figure of the coalition of the Deccan Sultanates during the Battle of Talikota. Notably, Hussain Nizam Shah was responsible for taking prisoner and beheading Rama Raya of Vijayanagara after the Battle of Talikota.
Royal Canadian Artillery Museum
The Royal Canadian Artillery Museum (RCA Museum), Canada's National Artillery Museum, is dedicated to telling the history of Canadian Gunners who have served Canada since 1855. The RCA Museum is the central museum for the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery (RCA).

The Canadian Army established the RCA Museum in 1962 at Canadian Forces Base Shilo.

The museum is a Manitoba Star Attraction and one of the largest military museums in Canada.

Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery (French: Le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne), formerly and commonly known as the Royal Canadian Artillery, is the artillery personnel branch of the Canadian Army.
1986 Metro Manila Film Festival
The 12th Metro Manila Film Festival was held in December 1986. It was the first edition of the festival in eight years to be primarily sponsored by the Metro Manila Commission (now the Metro Manila Development Authority) and not by MOWELFUND.

NCV productions' Halimaw romped away 10 of the 12 awards given including the Best Director and Best Actor for Mario O'Hara and Best Actress for Liza Lorena among others. The film also garnered the Third Best Picture Award. Romy Vitug won the Best Cinematography Award for Celso Ad. Castillo's Payaso while the director's son, Chris Ad. Castillo, received the Best Supporting Actor Award for Augusto Buenaventura's Bagets Gang.

Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Picture
The Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Picture (previously known as Dangal ng Bagong Lipunan) is an award presented annually by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). It was first awarded at the 1st Metropolitan Film Festival ceremony, held in 1975; the film Diligin Mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa starring Joseph Estrada received the award and it is given in honor of the film that 
has delivered an outstanding creation of the film, including directing, acting, music composing, writing, editing and other efforts put forth into a film. The category was first named "Best Film" before changing it to "Best Picture" in 2007. Currently, nominees and winners are determined by Executive Committees, headed by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Chairman and key members of the film industry.
Hyrulnizam Juma'at
Hyrulnizam Juma'at (born 14 November 1986) is a Singaporean former footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for Singapore Premier League club Albirex Niigata Singapore and the Singapore national football team. Hyrulnizam started his professional footballing career with S.League club Young Lions, and has played as a goalkeeper for the entirety of his career.

Shahril Jantan
Shahril Jantan (born 20 April 1980) is a Singaporean retired footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for S.League clubs with Geylang United, SAFFC and Home United. He is currently the head of foundation at Lion City Sailors.
Tum Ho Wajah
Tum Ho Wajah (Urdu: تم ہو وجہ, lit. 'You are the reason') is a Pakistani romantic-revenge drama television series premiered on Hum TV on 20 April 2020. It is written by Samina Ijaz, developed by Shahzad Javed, Head of Content, HUM TV, Directed by Saima Waseem and Produced by Momina Duraid under MD Productions, the series starring  Savera Nadeem, Shahood Alvi, Sumbul Iqbal, Saboor Aly, Ali Abbas and Shehzad Sheikh is an intense story of love and revenge.

Hum TV
Hum TV HD is a 24-hour Urdu general entertainment TV channel based in Karachi, Pakistan. It was founded by Sultana Siddiqui and Duraid Qureshi in 2005.

It is owned by Hum Network Limited and traded on the Pakistan Stock Exchange as (HUMNL).

Hum Network Limited was known as Eye Television Network Limited prior to 21 January 2011. Hum TV began its transmission on 17 January 2005. In March 2013, Hum Network held its first Hum Awards ceremony. As of 1 May 2018, Hum TV shut down its SD feed and shifted to HD resolution in Pakistan.

Hum TV is one of Pakistan's biggest entertainment networks and regularly is in the  top ranks and maintains a loyal fanbase on social media in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and streaming platforms, as well as on television.
Band (algebra)
In mathematics, a band (also called idempotent semigroup) is a semigroup in which every element is idempotent (in other words equal to its own square). Bands were first studied and named by A. H. Clifford (1954).

The lattice of varieties of bands was described independently in the early 1970s by Biryukov, Fennemore and Gerhard. Semilattices, left-zero bands, right-zero bands, rectangular bands, normal bands, left-regular bands, right-regular bands and regular bands are specific subclasses of bands that lie near the bottom of this lattice and which are of particular interest; they are briefly described below.

Variety (universal algebra)
In universal algebra, a variety of algebras or equational class is the class of all algebraic structures of a given signature satisfying a given set of identities. For example, the groups form a variety of algebras, as do the abelian groups, the rings, the monoids etc. According to Birkhoff's theorem, a class of algebraic structures of the same signature is a variety if and only if it is closed under the taking of homomorphic images, subalgebras, and (direct) products. In the context of category theory, a variety of algebras, together with its homomorphisms, forms a category; these are usually called finitary algebraic categories.

A covariety is the class of all coalgebraic structures of a given signature.
Distant Sounds of Summer
Distant Sounds of Summer is a collaborative studio album by Susumu Yokota & Rothko, released on Lo Recordings in 2005. It features vocal contributions from Caroline Ross. It peaked at number 37 on the UK Independent Albums Chart.

Rothko (band)
Rothko are an English, London-based mainly instrumental ambient group. The group mainly use bass guitars and keyboards to create their soundscapes. They derived their name from the painter Mark Rothko. They have been described by some as post-rock for their use of rock instrument the bass guitar to create what, according to others, is non-rock music.
Zackie Achmat
Abdurrazack "Zackie" Achmat (born 21 March 1962) is a South African activist and film director. He is a co-founder of the Treatment Action Campaign and known worldwide for his activism on behalf of people living with HIV and AIDS in South Africa. He served as board member and co-director of Ndifuna Ukwazi (Dare to Know), an organisation which aims to build and support social justice organisations and leaders, and was the chairperson of Equal Education. In 2024, he stood as independent candidate in the South African National Elections. However, he did not garner enough support to secure a seat in parliament.

Edwin Cameron
Edwin Cameron SCOB (born 15 February 1953 in Pretoria) is a retired judge who served as a Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa. He is well known for his HIV/AIDS and gay-rights activism and was hailed by Nelson Mandela as "one of South Africa's new heroes". President Ramaphosa appointed him as Inspecting Judge of Correctional Services from 1 January 2020 and in October 2019 he was elected Chancellor of Stellenbosch University.
Robert T. Stevens
Robert Ten Broeck Stevens (July 31, 1899 – January 31, 1983) was an American businessman and former chairman of J. P. Stevens and Company, which was one of the most established textile manufacturing plants in the US.  He served as the Secretary of the Army between February 4, 1953, until July 21, 1955.

United States Secretary of the Army
The secretary of the Army (SA or SECARMY) is a senior civilian official within the United States Department of Defense, with statutory responsibility for all matters relating to the United States Army: manpower, personnel, reserve affairs, installations, environmental issues, weapons systems and equipment acquisition, communications and financial management.

The secretary of the Army is nominated by the president of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate. The secretary is a non-Cabinet-level official, subordinate to the secretary of defense. This position was created on September 18, 1947, replacing the secretary of war, when the Department of War was split into the Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force.

On February 25, 2025, Daniel P. Driscoll was confirmed as the secretary of the Army, and was sworn in to office later that day.
Wodaabe
The Wodaabe (Fula: Woɗaaɓe, وٛطَاٻ‎ٜ, 𞤏𞤮𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫) is a name that is used to designate a subgroup of the Fula ethnic group who are traditionally nomadic and found primarily in Niger and Chad. All Wodaabe people should not be mistaken as Mbororo as these are two separate subgroups of the Fulani people. It is translated into English as "Cattle Fulani", and meaning "those who dwell in cattle camps". The Wodaabe culture is one of the 186 cultures of the standard cross-cultural sample used by anthropologists to compare cultural traits. A Wodaabe woman, Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, was also chosen to represent civil society of the world on the signing of Paris Protocol on 22 April 2016.

Fula language
FulaListenⓘ  (/ˈfuːlə/ FOO-lə), also known as FulaniListenⓘ  (/fʊˈlɑːniː/ fuu-LAH-nee) or Fulah (Fulfulde, Pulaar, Pular; Adlam: 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪; Ajami: ࢻُلْࢻُلْدٜ‎, ݒُلَارْ‎, بُۛلَر‎), is a Senegambian language spoken by around 36.8 million people as a set of various dialects in a continuum that stretches across some 18 countries in West and Central Africa. Along with other related languages such as Serer and Wolof, it belongs to the Atlantic geographic group within Niger–Congo, and more specifically to the Senegambian branch. Unlike most Niger-Congo languages, Fula does not have tones.

It is spoken as a first language by the Fula people ("Fulani", Fula: Fulɓe) from the Senegambia region and Guinea to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Sudan and by related groups such as the Toucouleur people in the Senegal River Valley. It is also spoken as a second language by various peoples in the region, such as the Kirdi of northern Cameroon and northeastern Nigeria.
Fair Wind to Java
Fair Wind to Java is a 1953 American adventure film in Trucolor from Republic Pictures, produced and directed by Joseph Kane, that stars Fred MacMurray and Vera Ralston. With special effects by the Lydecker brothers, the film was based on the 1948 novel of the same name by Garland Roark.

The film tells the story of an American sea captain who voyages in search of diamonds on a volcanic island and must contend with various mysteries, pirates, and finally an exploding volcano (based on the 1883 eruption of the island of Krakatoa).

Krakatoa
Krakatoa (/ˌkrɑːkəˈtoʊə, ˌkræk-/), also transcribed Krakatau (/-ˈtaʊ/), is a caldera in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung. The caldera is part of a volcanic island group (Krakatoa archipelago) comprising four islands. Two of them are known as Lang and Verlaten; another, Rakata, is the only remnant of an island, also called Krakatoa, mostly destroyed by an eruption in 1883 which created the caldera.

In 1927, a fourth island, Anak Krakatoa, or "Child of Krakatoa", emerged from the caldera formed in 1883. There has been new eruptive activity since the late 20th century, with a large collapse causing the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami. A new cinder cone eventually grew out of its collapse scar from eruptions in the 2020s.
Anna Borkowska (Mother Bertranda)
Mother Bertranda, O.P. (née Janina Siestrzewitowska; 1900–1988), later known as Anna Borkowska, was a Polish cloistered Dominican nun who served as the prioress of her monastery in Kolonia Wileńska near Wilno (now Pavilnys near Vilnius, Lithuania). She was a graduate of the University of Kraków who had entered the monastery after her studies. During World War II, under her leadership, the nuns of the monastery sheltered 17 young Jewish activists from Vilnius Ghetto and helped the Jewish Partisan Organization (FPO) by smuggling weapons. In recognition of this, in 1984 she was awarded the title of Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem.

Vilna Ghetto
The Vilna Ghetto was a World War II Jewish ghetto established and operated by Nazi Germany in the city of Vilnius in the modern country of Lithuania, at the time part of the Nazi-administered Reichskommissariat Ostland.

During the approximately two years of its existence, starvation, disease, street executions, maltreatment, and deportations to concentration and extermination camps reduced the ghetto's population from an estimated 40,000.

Only several hundred of the city's pre-war Jewish population managed to survive the war, mostly by hiding in the forests surrounding the city, by joining Soviet partisans, or by sheltering with sympathetic locals.
East Marlborough Township, Pennsylvania
East Marlborough Township is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 7,305 at the 2020 census. East Marlborough and West Marlborough townships were carved out of the larger Marlborough Township in 1729. The township is home to many Penn Oak trees, trees that were in existence when William Penn explored the area.

The well-known Longwood Gardens is located in East Marlborough Township.

Longwood Gardens
Longwood Gardens is a public garden that consists of more than 1,100 acres (445 hectares; 4.45 km2) of gardens, woodlands, and meadows in the Brandywine Creek Valley in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, United States. It is one of the premier horticultural display gardens in the United States and is open to visitors year-round to enjoy native and exotic plants and horticulture (both indoor and outdoor), events and performances, seasonal and themed attractions, as well as educational lectures, courses, and workshops.
Microtis (plant)
Microtis, commonly known as onion orchids or mignonette orchids is a genus of about 20 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Onion orchids are terrestrial herbs with a single leaf at the base of the plant. They are similar to orchids in the genus Prasophyllum in that they have an onion-like leaf. The flowers are small but often scented and attractive to their insect pollinators. They are widespread in Asia, Australia and some Pacific islands.

Prasophyllum
Prasophyllum, commonly known as leek orchids, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae and is found in Australia and New Zealand. The Australian species are found in all states but have not been recorded in the Northern Territory. The common name arises from their having a hollow, leek- or onion-like leaf. Some species only flower after summer fires and have flowers similar to those of Xanthorrhoea which flower at the same time, suggesting that they employ the same pollinating insects. Leek orchids are similar to those in the genus Genoplesium except that the free part of the leaf is cylindrical (flat in Genoplesium) and the labellum has a solid (rather than flexible) connection to the column. They range in size from the little laughing leek orchid (P. gracile) at about 15 cm (6 in) to the king leek orchid (P. regium) which grows up to 2 m (80 in) tall.
Alex Asher Daniel
Alex Asher Daniel (born May 14, 1973) is an American contemporary artist and composer. He uses a broad variety of materials including painting, sound installations, photography, drawing and film. A Los Angeles native, he has since lived and worked between London, New York City, and the Bay Area.

Souls of Mischief
Souls of Mischief is a hip hop group from Oakland, California, that is also part of the hip hop collective Hieroglyphics. The Souls of Mischief formed in 1991 and is composed of rappers A-Plus, Opio, Phesto, and Tajai.
History of Athlone
Athlone (Irish: Baile Átha Luain, meaning 'town of Luan's ford') is a town on the River Shannon near the southern shore of Lough Ree in Ireland. Located on the border between County Westmeath and County Roscommon, the development of the Athlone owes much to the location of a strategic ford (river crossing point) on the Shannon.

Ford (crossing)
A ford is a shallow section of a river or stream where it may be crossed by wading, on horseback, or inside a vehicle. A ford may occur naturally or be constructed. Fords may be impassable during high water. A low-water crossing is a low bridge that allows crossing over a river or stream when water is low but may be treated as a ford when the river is high and water covers the crossing.

The word ford is both a noun (describing the water crossing itself) and a verb (describing the act of crossing a ford).
5-Methoxytryptamine
5-Methoxytryptamine (5-MT, 5-MeO-T, or 5-OMe-T), also known as serotonin methyl ether or O-methylserotonin and as mexamine, is a tryptamine derivative closely related to the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin. It has been shown to occur naturally in the pineal gland of the brain. It is formed via O-methylation of serotonin or N-deacetylation of melatonin.

5-MT is a highly potent and non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and shows serotonergic psychedelic-like effects in animals. However, it is inactive in humans, at least orally, likely due to rapid metabolism by monoamine oxidase (MAO). The levels and effects of 5-MT are dramatically potentiated by monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in animals.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Trinity Thomas
Trinity Lemyra Thomas (born April 7, 2001) is an American artistic gymnast and a four-time National Team member (2016–20). She was a member of the gold medal-winning team at the 2018 Pan American Gymnastics Championships, where she also won silver medals in the individual all-around and on the uneven bars, as well as the bronze medalist on balance beam and floor exercise at the 2017 national championships. She was a member of the Florida Gators women's gymnastics team. One of the most successful NCAA gymnasts in history, Thomas finished her collegiate career with a record-tying 28 perfect-10 scores and a record-breaking five Gym Slams (scores of perfect 10 on every apparatus).

2018 Pan American Gymnastics Championships
The 2018 Pan American Gymnastics Championships was held in Lima, Peru, in September, 2018. Three gymnastics disciplines were contested: artistic gymnastics (from September 11 to 16), rhythmic gymnastics (from September 26 to 30) and trampoline (from September 5 to 9). The event was organized by the Peruvian Gymnastics Federation under the supervision of the Pan American Gymnastics Union and the International Gymnastics Federation, and served as qualification for the 2019 Pan American Games, which were also held in Lima, Peru.
Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg
Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg (11 November 1599 – 28 March 1655) was Queen of Sweden from 1620 to 1632 as the wife of King Gustav II Adolph (Gustavus Adolphus). She was born a German princess as the daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, and Anna, Duchess of Prussia, daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia.

In 1620, Maria Eleonora married Gustavus Adolphus with her mother's consent, but against the will of her brother George William, Elector of Brandenburg, who had just succeeded her father. She bore her husband a daughter, Christina, in 1626, who later became the Queen of Sweden.

Christina of Holstein-Gottorp
Christina of Holstein-Gottorp (13 April 1573 in Kiel – 8 December 1625 at Gripsholm Castle) was Queen of Sweden as the second wife of King Charles IX. She served as regent in 1605, during the absence of her spouse, and in 1611, during the minority of her son, King Gustav II Adolph.
Scottish Rally
The Royal Scottish Automobile Club (RSAC) Scottish Rally is the highlight of the Scottish Rally Championship and the longest-standing rally event in Scotland, having been first contested in 1932. The event takes place in May or June of every year and the organisation claims that the warm weather and unique forest stages draw competitors from around the world. The rally has previously hosted a round of the World Rally Championship, enjoying the status of being a round of the Rally Championship for Drivers in 1978, and it also spent 26 years on the calendar of the European Rally Championship but in recent years it has been limited to being a round of the Scottish Rally Championship.

Scottish Rally Championship
The Scottish Rally Championship is a rallying series run throughout Scotland over the course of a year, that comprises both gravel and closed surface rallies.

Points are awarded to the top placed drivers and the driver scoring the highest number of points over the season is declared Champion. The championship has always been a breeding ground for many World Rally Championship drivers, including Colin & Alister McRae, Robbie Head and Barry Clark.

Notable previous champions have included Mitsubishi Ralliart founder Andrew Cowan, who won the championship in 1976 in a Colt Lancer, and former World Rally Champion, Colin McRae who performed a giant killing act when he took the series crown in 1988 in his humble Vauxhall Nova.