hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gratis versus libre
The adjective free in English is commonly used in one of two meanings: "at no monetary cost" (gratis) or "with little or no restriction" (libre). This ambiguity can cause issues where the distinction is important, as it often is when dealing with laws concerning the use of information, such as copyright and patents.

The terms gratis and libre may be used to categorise intellectual property like computer programs, according to the licenses and legal restrictions that cover them, especially in the free software and open source communities, as well as the broader free culture movement. For example, they are used to distinguish "freeware" (software gratis) from free software (software libre).

Free software advocate and GNU founder Richard Stallman advocates usage of the slogan: "Think free as in free speech, not free beer." This basically means: "Think free as in libre, not gratis."

Free software movement
The free software movement is a social movement with the goal of obtaining and guaranteeing certain freedoms for software users, namely the freedoms to run, study, modify, and share copies of software. Software which meets these requirements, The Four Essential Freedoms of Free Software, is termed free software.

Although drawing on traditions and philosophies among members of the 1970s hacker culture and academia, Richard Stallman formally founded the movement in 1983 by launching the GNU Project. Stallman later established the Free Software Foundation in 1985 to support the movement.
Catherine Hanaway
Catherine Lucille Hanaway (born November 8, 1963) is an American attorney, former federal prosecutor, who is serving as the Missouri Attorney General since 2025. Previously, she served as the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri from 2005 to 2009, and as the first and only female Speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives from 2003 to 2005.

Missouri Attorney General
The Office of the Missouri Attorney General was created in 1806 when Missouri was part of the Louisiana Territory. Missouri's first Constitution in 1820 provided for an appointed attorney general, but since the 1865 Constitution, the Attorney General has been elected. As of September 2025 there have been 45 attorneys general in Missouri.

By law, the attorney general is a member of the Board of Fund Commissioners, the Board of Public Buildings, the Governor's Committee on Interstate Cooperation, the Missouri Highway Reciprocity Commission and the Missouri Housing Development Commission.

Offices of the Attorney General are located throughout the state of Missouri with the main office being in the Supreme Court building in Jefferson City.
Ashurnasirpal II
Ashur-nasir-pal II (transliteration: Aššur-nāṣir-apli, meaning "Ashur is guardian of the heir") was the third king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 883 to 859 BC. Ashurnasirpal II succeeded his father, Tukulti-Ninurta II. His son and successor was Shalmaneser III and his queen was Mullissu-mukannišat-Ninua.

Shalmaneser III
Shalmaneser III (Šulmānu-ašarēdu, "the god Shulmanu is pre-eminent") was king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 859 BC to 824 BC.

His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia, Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu. His armies penetrated to Lake Van and the Taurus Mountains; the Neo-Hittites of Carchemish were compelled to pay tribute, and the kingdoms of Hamath and Aram Damascus were subdued. It is in the annals of Shalmaneser III from the 850s BC that the Arabs and Chaldeans first appear in recorded history.
Kaho Osawa
Kaho Osawa (大澤 佳歩, Ōsawa Kaho; born 28 September 2001) is a Japanese badminton player who competes in women's doubles. She is affiliated with the San-in Godo Bank badminton team. She was a bronze medalist at the 2019 World Junior Championships, winning medals in girls' doubles with Hinata Suzuki and in mixed team event. Osawa has won five BWF International Challenge/Series titles. Partnering with Mai Tanabe, she finished as runner-up at three Super 300 tournaments in 2025: the Canada Open, the Macau Open, and the Syed Modi International. She reached a career-high world ranking of No. 19 in February 2026.

Hinata Suzuki
Hinata Suzuki (鈴木 陽向, Suzuki Hinata; born 26 March 2002) is a Japanese badminton player who specializes in doubles. A bronze medalist in girls' doubles at the 2019 World Junior Championships, she won her first senior international title at the 2025 Saipan International. Suzuki achieved a career-high women's doubles ranking of world No. 34 on 10 February 2026.
Pukerua Bay railway station
Pukerua Bay railway station is located on the North Island Main Trunk Railway (NIMT) in Pukerua Bay, New Zealand and is part of the suburban rail network of Wellington.  It is double tracked, has an island platform layout, and is 30.4 km from Wellington railway station, the southern terminus of the NIMT. It is one of two railway stations in Pukerua Bay, the other one at Muri being closed.

Wellington railway station
Wellington railway station, Wellington Central station, or simply Wellington station, is the main railway station serving Wellington, New Zealand, and is the southern terminus of the North Island Main Trunk, Wairarapa Line and Johnsonville Line.

The station opened in June 1937, replacing the two previous Wellington termini, Lambton and Thorndon. The building was originally the head office of the New Zealand Railways Department or NZR. Today, the building houses the Wellington office of KiwiRail in the east wing of the building. Victoria University of Wellington occupies the west wing.

A number of alterations have been made to the railway station over the years. The building was registered on 25 September 1986 as a Category 1 Historic Place by Heritage New Zealand.
Joe Kines
Joe Kines (born July 13, 1944) is an American former football player and coach.  He spent most of his coaching career as an assistant in college football ranks, and twice serving as an interim head coach: in 1992 at the University of Arkansas after the firing of Jack Crowe after Arkansas's first game, and in 2006 at the University of Alabama after the dismissal of Mike Shula.

Mike Shula
Mike Shula (born June 3, 1965) is an American football coach and former quarterback. He played college football for the Alabama Crimson Tide and was the school's head coach from 2003 to 2006. He was the offensive coordinator for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 1996 to 1999, the Carolina Panthers from 2013 to 2017, the New York Giants from 2018 to 2019, and for South Carolina in 2025.
Mount Falconer
Mount Falconer (77°35′S 163°8′E﻿ / ﻿77.583°S 163.133°E﻿ / -77.583; 163.133﻿ (Mount Falconer)) is a mountain, 810 metres (2,660 ft) high, surmounting Lake Fryxell on the north wall of Taylor Valley, between Mount McLennan and Commonwealth Glacier in Antarctica. 
It was named by the Western Journey Party, led by Thomas Griffith Taylor, of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13.

Taylor Valley
Taylor Valley 77°37′S 163°00′E﻿ / ﻿77.617°S 163.000°E﻿ / -77.617; 163.000﻿ (Taylor Valley) is an ice-free valley about 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi) long, once occupied by the receding Taylor Glacier.
It lies north of the Kukri Hills between the Taylor Glacier and New Harbour in Victoria Land, Antarctica.
Taylor Valley is the southernmost of the three large McMurdo Dry Valleys in the Transantarctic Mountains, located west of McMurdo Sound.
Grampian
Grampian (Scottish Gaelic: Roinn a' Mhonaidh) was one of nine local government regions of Scotland. It was created in 1975 by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and took its name from the Grampian Mountains. The regional council was based in Aberdeen.

The region was abolished in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, which divided the region into the three single-tier council areas of Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, and Moray.

Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996)
The local government areas of Scotland were redefined by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and redefined again by the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994.

The 1973 Act created a system of nine two-tier regions and three islands areas, and this system completely replaced local government counties and burghs in 1975. The new regions were generally very different from the counties which had been in use since  the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Also, the districts were very different from the subdivisions of counties, also called districts, which had been in use since the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.
The Boat Race 1912
The 69th Boat Race was a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames which took place on 30 March 1912, with a re-row on 1 April 1912. The event is held annually between the universities. Oxford went into the race as reigning champions, having won The Boat Race 1911. Umpired by former Cambridge rower Frederick I. Pitman, the first running of the race ended with Cambridge sinking and Oxford waterlogged. Pitman declared the result as "No Race", and in the subsequent re-row the following Monday, the race was won by Oxford by six lengths. Oxford's fourth consecutive victory made the overall record in the event 38–30 in their favour (the 34th edition, The Boat Race 1877, had ended in a dead heat and so was not counted towards either team's total).

The Boat Race 1877
The 34th Boat Race took place on 24 March 1877.    The Boat Race is an annual side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames.  The race ended in a dead heat, the only time the event has ended in such a fashion.  Despite the formal declaration of a tie, Oxford believed that they were the victors.  The controversy surrounding the result led to significant changes to the way in which the race was conducted including the introduction of finishing posts and former Blues as umpires.
Professional wargaming
A wargame, generally, is a type of strategy game which realistically simulates warfare. A professional wargame, specifically, is a wargame that is used by military organizations to train officers in tactical and strategic decision-making, to test new tactics and strategies, or to predict trends in future conflicts. This is in contrast to recreational wargames, which are designed for fun and competition.

Recreational wargaming
A wargame is a strategy game that realistically simulates warfare. Wargames were invented for the purpose of training military officers, but they eventually caught on in civilian circles, played recreationally.
Tip (album)
Tip is the first album by the Canadian rock band Finger Eleven under their new name, released in 1997. It departed from the funk-influenced sound of the 1995 album Letters from Chutney under the previous band name, Rainbow Butt Monkeys, in favor of a darker, heavier sound influenced by Tool. While responses to Tip were initially muted, compounded by Finger Eleven being dropped by their record label, the album was critically acclaimed and became a modest success with consumers upon its September 1998 re-release by Wind-up Records. Tip paved the way for Finger Eleven's mainstream breakthrough with The Greyest of Blue Skies in 2000. The album was certified Gold by Music Canada in 2014. It is the only Finger Eleven album to feature drummer Rob Gommerman as he departed the band shortly after the album's release.

Letters from Chutney
Letters from Chutney is the debut album by the Canadian rock band Rainbow Butt Monkeys, later known as Finger Eleven. It features a different sound than Finger Eleven's subsequent albums, with rock, pop, funk, and metal influences. The album produced three singles, all of which had videos released. The name of the album comes from a dog with a missing eye that the band found on the side of the road. They gave it the name Chutney. The album peaked at No. 45 on the RPM Canadian Albums Chart.
The Pees
The Pees (The ピーズ, za pīzu) are a Japanese three-piece rock band. Formed in 1986 by college students based in Tokyo, they have 11 original albums and continue to tour Japan. They once left the music scene but returned in July 2002 after a five-year absence. The current members are:

Haru (Haruyuki Oki), (Lead vocals & Bass)

Abi san (Yoshikazu Abiko), (Guitar)

Shin chan (Shinichiro Sato), (Drums)

Recently they participated in a tribute album for another Japanese rock band the pillows, with which they have strong ties.  They played one song from the pillows' second album 90's My Life. They played the pillows' Pari no Josei Mary in the tribute album, Synchronized Rockers.

Their latest drummer, who is touring with them for summer of 2005, is Sato Shinichirou, none other than the drummer for the pillows. He has been drumming with them for the past few years as a side project.

The Pillows
The Pillows (Japanese: ザ・ピロウズ, Hepburn: Za Pirōzu) were a Japanese alternative rock band formed in Hokkaido in 1989. They are best known for providing the soundtrack for the anime series FLCL. They disbanded in 2025.
Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan
The Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan (also known as The Book of Adam and Eve) is a 6th-century Christian extracanonical work found in Ge'ez, translated from an Old Arabic original which is translated from a Syriac source, namely Cave of Treasures.

Cave of Treasures
The Cave of Treasures (Syriac: ܡܥܪܬ ܓܙܐ, romanized: Maʿarraṯ ġazzē) is the title of an anonymous Syriac work of the 7th century that retells the story of the bible from the creation of Adam to the coming of Christ, seeing Adam and the patriarchs as prefigurations of Christ.  It was enormously influential on later Syriac and Arabic works, including the Chronicle of Zuqnin, Michael the Syrian, and Barhebraeus.
Tobey Maguire
Tobias Vincent Maguire (born June 27, 1975) is an American actor and film producer. He began his career in supporting roles, before gaining international recognition and critical praise for his role as Spider-Man in Sam Raimi's 2002 film Spider-Man. Maguire reprised the role in two sequels, Spider-Man 2 (2004) and Spider-Man 3 (2007). He returned to the role in Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021).

Maguire expanded his career with dramatic roles in Seabiscuit (2003), The Good German (2006), and The Great Gatsby (2013). He received critical acclaim and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama for his role as a PTSD-stricken soldier in the war film Brothers (2009).

Outside of acting, Maguire has also produced several films, including 25th Hour (2002) and Seabiscuit. He later established his own production company, Material Pictures, in 2012 and co-produced Good People (2012), Pawn Sacrifice (2014), and Babylon (2022).

Sam Raimi
Samuel Marshall Raimi (/ˈreɪmi/ RAY-mee; born October 23, 1959) is an American filmmaker. He is best known for writing and directing the Evil Dead trilogy (1981–1992) and directing the Spider-Man trilogy (2002–2007). He also directed Darkman (1990), The Quick and the Dead (1995), A Simple Plan (1998), The Gift (2000), Drag Me to Hell (2009), Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022), and Send Help (2026).

His films are known for their highly dynamic visual style, inspired by comic books and slapstick comedy. He founded the production companies Renaissance Pictures in 1979 and Ghost House Pictures in 2002. Raimi has also produced several successful television series, including Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1995–1997), its spin-off Xena: Warrior Princess (1995–2001), and Ash vs Evil Dead (2015–2018) starring longtime friend and collaborator Bruce Campbell reprising his role in the Evil Dead franchise.
Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998
The Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998 is an act of parliament passed in New Zealand relating to Ngāi Tahu, the principal Māori iwi (tribe) of the South Island. The act's purpose is to settle all of the tribe's claims under the Treaty of Waitangi, and to record an apology to Ngai Tahu from the Crown, in regard to past failures to protect the tribe's interests. The act is administered by the Office of Treaty Settlements.

It was negotiated in part by Henare Rakiihia Tau. The documents in relation to the Ngāi Tahu land settlement claim are held at Tūranga, the main public library in Christchurch.

Schedule 96 "Alteration of place names" contains a list of places that received official name changes to dual English and Māori names, such as Aoraki / Mount Cook.

Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements
Claims by Māori based on historic grievances against the Crown, and the claims' subsequent settlements, have been a significant feature of New Zealand politics since the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 and the Waitangi Tribunal that it established to hear those claims. Successive governments have increasingly provided formal legal and political opportunity for Māori to seek redress for what Maori claim were breaches by the Crown of obligations set out in the Treaty of Waitangi. While it has resulted in putting to rest a number of significant longstanding grievances, the process has been subject to criticisms.
Tommy Bryant
Thomas Bryant (May 21, 1930 – January 3, 1982) was an American jazz double-bassist.

Bryant grew up in a musical family in Philadelphia; his mother was a choir director, his brother Ray Bryant was a pianist, and another brother, Len Bryant, is a vocalist and drummer. Tommy Bryant began playing bass at the age of 12 and played in many local outfits, including Billy Krechmer's. In the late 1940s Bryant joined Elmer Snowden's band, staying there until 1952, when he took a tour of duty during the Korean War. In 1956 he returned and formed his own trio, though he is better known for his work with musicians such as Jo Jones (1958), Charlie Shavers (1959), Roy Eldridge, Dizzy Gillespie, Barney Wilen, Benny Golson, Big Joe Turner and Coleman Hawkins. In the last ten years of his life he played in the follow-up band to The Ink Spots.

Bryant also recorded with Mahalia Jackson under the name Tom Bryant.

Roy Eldridge
David Roy Eldridge (January 30, 1911 – February 26, 1989), nicknamed "Little Jazz", was an American jazz trumpeter.  His sophisticated use of harmony, including the use of tritone substitutions, his virtuosic solos exhibiting a departure from the dominant style of jazz trumpet innovator Louis Armstrong, and his strong impact on Dizzy Gillespie mark him as one of the most influential musicians of the swing era and a precursor of bebop.
Babbie Mason
Babbie Yvett Robie Wade Mason (born February 1, 1955) is an American gospel singer, songwriter, writer, and adjunct professor of songwriting at Point University and Lee University, and also a television talk-show host. Born to Georgie and George W. Wade. Mason's father was a Baptist pastor and she hails from at least five generations of ministers. Mason started playing as church pianist in 1964 and was the choir director for the church her father pastored.

Point University
Point University is a private evangelical Christian college in West Point, Georgia and was founded in 1937 as Atlanta Christian College in East Point. The college announced its name change to Point University in 2011 and relocated its main campus to West Point in June 2012. As of 2025, over 2,900 students are enrolled both onsite and online.
Pro Wrestling (NES video game)
Pro Wrestling (プロレス, Puroresu) is a pro wrestling video game developed and published by Nintendo. It was released originally for the Famicom Disk System in Japan in 1986. It was later released in North America and Europe on the Nintendo Entertainment System. The game was the third wrestling game on the Nintendo Entertainment System (after Tag Team Match: M.U.S.C.L.E. and Tag Team Wrestling).

Tag Team Wrestling
Tag Team Wrestling, known as The Big Pro Wrestling! in Japan, is a 1983 wrestling video game developed by Technōs Japan and published by Data East for arcades. It was later ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System, Commodore 64, IBM PC and Apple II.
2025 US Darts Masters
The 2025 US Darts Masters, known as the 2025 bet365 US Darts Masters for sponsorship reasons, was the seventh staging of the professional darts tournament by the Professional Darts Corporation and the fourth event in the 2025 World Series of Darts. The tournament featured 16 players (eight elite PDC players and eight North American representatives) and was held at the Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City, United States from 27 to 28 June 2025. The total prize fund was £100,000, with the winner receiving £30,000. The North American Championship also took place on the afternoon of 28 June, exclusively for the North American representatives.

Rob Cross was the defending champion after defeating Gerwyn Price 8–7 in the 2024 final. However, he lost 6–0 to Danny Lauby in the first round.

Luke Humphries won the tournament, his second World Series title, by defeating Nathan Aspinall 8–6 in the final.

2025 World Series of Darts
The 2025 World Series of Darts was a series of televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation. Seven World Series events were held followed by one finals event, which like every year since 2021 took place in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

One new venue made its debut, with the Spark Arena in Auckland replacing the Globox Arena in Hamilton as the host venue for the New Zealand Masters.
Kavumbhagom
Kavumbhagom, also spelled Kavumbhagam, is a ward and a census village in Thiruvalla municipality, in the Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, India. The village has a population of 6644 as of 2011. Kavumbhagom is an important junction serving as a major road route connecting Changanasserry, Thiruvalla, Chathenkary, and Mavelikkara.  The Thiruvalla Sree Vallabha temple, after which the town of Thiruvalla has been named, is located in Kavumbhagom.

Traditionally, Kavumbhagom referred to the area around the Karunattu Kaavu temple, and was the junction where the Thiruvalla-Mavelikkara Road met the Kottayam-Mavelikkara Road. Once a new road was constructed from the Ambili Junction during the early 1980s, the former Kavumbhagom Junction came to be called Anchal Kutty, while the place formerly known as Erankavu became known as Kavumbhagom,.

Thiruvalla
Thiruvalla, (Malayalam: [t̪iɾuʋɐlːɐ]) also spelled Tiruvalla, is a municipality in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. The town is spread over an area of 27.15 km2 (10.48 sq mi) and has a population of 52,883 people, down from 56,837 in 2001. It is also the Headquarters Of Thiruvalla Revenue Division. It lies on the northern banks of the Manimala River, in a land-locked region surrounded by irrigating canals and rivers. It is the largest town in the district, and is a major financial, educational, healthcare, cultural, and commercial centre in central Travancore. It is also called The Healthcare City & Banking Capital Of Kerala. Thiruvalla Taluk has a land area Of 154 km2 (59 sq mi).