hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bharat Bhushan Mandal
Bharat Bhushan Mandal is an Indian politician currently serving as the member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly since 2020 and currently affiliated with Rashtriya Janata Dal party. He was elected as MLA from Laukaha Assembly constituency in Madhubani district, Bihar.

Rashtriya Janata Dal
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, lit. 'National People's Party') is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.

The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 35 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.
Tyne-Tees Regiment
The Tyne-Tees Regiment was a regiment of the British Territorial Army. The regiment was part of 15 (North East) Brigade and was the Territorial unit of infantry in the area stretching from Scarborough in North Yorkshire, to Alnwick in Northumberland.

Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Scarborough (/ˈskɑːbrə/) is a seaside town and civil parish in the district and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. With a population of 61,749, Scarborough is the largest town on the Yorkshire Coast and the fourth-largest settlement in the county.

located on the North Sea coast, and is on the Cleveland Way long distance footpath which follows the coast through the town. Historically in the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10 and 230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, from Scarborough Harbour rising steeply north and west towards limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland that extends into the North Sea.

The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, and is a tourist destination. Residents of the town are known as Scarborians.
Jenny Meadows
Jennifer Brenda "Jenny" Meadows (born 17 April 1981) is a retired British athlete. Her main event was the 800 metres although earlier in her career she also competed over the 400 metres. In the 800 m she won a bronze medal at the 2009 World Championships, and a silver at the 2010 World Indoor Championships. At the European Athletics Championships, Meadows took silver outdoors in 2010 and gold indoors in 2011. She also had some international success as part of the Great Britain women's 4 × 400 metres relay squad.

Meadows was the 2011 Diamond League 800 m winner. In 2009, she was the third-fastest British woman over the distance, and was the eighth-fastest as of 2022. She was multiple British national champion. Meadows, along with other athletes such as Caster Semenya and Alysia Montano, has been noted in the press as one of a number of athletes who were repeatedly denied major international medals by doping competitors, particularly from Russia.

2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was held between 12 and 14 March at the Aspire Dome in Doha, Qatar. The championships was the first of six IAAF World Athletics Series events to take place in 2010.
BMW M47
The BMW M47 and Rover Group M47R are straight-4 Diesel engines. Variants were manufactured by BMW from 1998 to 2007. BMW gradually adopted high-pressure common rail fuel injection systems over the lifetime of the M47.

Common rail
Common rail direct fuel injection is a direct fuel injection system built around a high-pressure fuel rail feeding solenoid valves. This pressure is typically over 2,000 bar or 200 MPa or 29,000 psi. A common rail system contrasts with the low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors (or pump nozzles). High-pressure injection delivers power and fuel consumption benefits over earlier lower pressure fuel injection, by injecting fuel as a larger number of smaller droplets, giving a much higher ratio of surface area to volume. This provides improved vaporization from the surface of the fuel droplets, and so more efficient combining of atmospheric oxygen with vaporized fuel delivering more complete combustion.

Common rail injection is widely used in diesel engines. It is also the basis of gasoline direct injection systems used on petrol engines.
Double tracking
Double tracking or doubling is an audio recording technique in which a performer sings or plays along with their own prerecorded performance, usually to produce a stronger or bigger sound than can be obtained with a single voice or instrument. It is a form of overdubbing; the distinction comes from the doubling of a part, as opposed to recording a different part to go with the first. The effect can be further enhanced by panning one of the performances hard left and the other hard right in the stereo field.

Panning (audio)
Panning is the distribution of an audio signal (either monaural or stereophonic pairs) into a new stereo or multi-channel sound field determined by a pan control setting. A typical recording console has a pan control for each incoming source channel. A pan control or pan pot (shorthand for panoramic potentiometer), is a control with a position indicator that can range continuously from the 7 o'clock when fully left to the 5 o'clock position fully right. Audio mixing software replaces pan pots with on-screen virtual knobs or sliders which function like their physical counterparts.
Henry M. Hoenigswald
Henry Max Hoenigswald (17 April 1915 – 16 June 2003) was a German-American scholar of linguistics, who in 1939 escaped to the United States where he had a long and productive academic career as a scholar of historical linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Charisa Lemoran
Charisa Marie Casalda Lemoran (born September 21, 1998) is a Filipino professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for PFF Women's League side Stallion Laguna and the Philippines women's national football team. She also represents the country at international level in futsal.

PFF Women's League
The PFF Women's League (PFFWL) is the top-flight of women's association football in the Philippines.

The league was launched by the Philippine Football Federation (PFF) in 2014, with its first season held from 2016 to 2017. It has featured various women's teams including bona fide clubs and university teams.
Open access in Canada
In Canada the Institutes of Health Research effected a policy of open access in 2008, which in 2015 expanded to include the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. The Public Knowledge Project began in 1998 at University of British Columbia. Notable Canadian advocates for open access include Leslie Chan, Jean-Claude Guédon, Stevan Harnad, Heather Morrison, and John Willinsky.

Public Knowledge Project
The Public Knowledge Project (PKP) is a non-profit research initiative that is focused on the importance of making the results of publicly funded research freely available through open access policies, and on developing strategies for making this possible. It is a partnership between the Faculty of Education at the University of British Columbia, the Canadian Centre for Studies in Publishing at Simon Fraser University, the University of Pittsburgh, Ontario Council of University Libraries, the California Digital Library and the School of Education at Stanford University.  It seeks to improve the scholarly and public quality of academic research through the development of innovative online environments.
EuroCup Basketball MVP
The EuroCup Basketball MVP is the yearly MVP award that is awarded by the 2nd-tier level professional basketball league in Europe, the EuroCup Basketball League, which is the pan-European professional basketball league that is one tier level below the top-tier EuroLeague.

The EuroCup Basketball MVP award began with the EuroCup Basketball 2008–09 season.

2008–09 Eurocup Basketball
2008–09 Eurocup Basketball was the seventh edition of Europe's second-tier level transnational competition for men's professional basketball clubs, the EuroCup, and the first to be contested under the Eurocup name. From the inception of the competition in 2002, it had been known as the ULEB Cup. The EuroCup is the European-wide league level that is one tier below the EuroLeague level.

During this season, there were 48 teams, from 22 countries. After the preliminary rounds, there were 32 teams left for the regular season, with the 16 eliminated teams being relegated down and parachuting into Europe's third-tier transnational competition, the EuroChallenge. Lithuanian club Lietuvos Rytas of Vilnius, won the tournament and promotion to the top level EuroLeague for the next season.
Khunsueklek Boomdeksian
Tichakorn Sripromma (Thai: ทิชากร ศรีพรมมา; born June 6, 2005), known professionally as Khunsueklek Boomdeksian (Thai: ขุนศึกเล็ก บูมเด็กเซียน) is a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter. He is the current two-time Rajadamnern Stadium Bantamweight Champion.

As of November 2024, he is #6 in Combat Press' men's pound-for-pound rankings for Muay Thai.

Rajadamnern Stadium
Rajadamnern Stadium (Thai: สนามมวยราชดำเนิน, RTGS: Sanam Muai Ratchadamnoen, IPA: [sànǎːm mūaj râːtt͡ɕʰàdāmnɤ̄ːn]) is a sporting arena in Bangkok, Thailand. Along with Lumpinee Boxing Stadium, Rajadamnern is one of the two main stadiums for modern Muay Thai. It hosts fights everyday from Monday to Sunday. The stadium has its own ranking system and championship titles up to middleweight (160 lbs).
Nociception assay
A nociception assay (nocioception or nocioperception assay) evaluates the ability of an animal, usually a rodent, to detect a noxious stimulus such as the feeling of pain, caused by stimulation of nociceptors. These assays measure the existence of pain through behaviors such as withdrawal, licking, immobility, and vocalization. The sensation of pain is not a unitary concept; therefore, a researcher must be conscious as to which nociception assay to use.

Nociception
In physiology, nociception /ˌnəʊsɪˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/, also nocioception (from Latin  nocere 'to harm/hurt'), is the sensory nervous system's process of encoding noxious stimuli. It deals with a series of events and processes required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal to trigger an appropriate defensive response.

In nociception, intense chemical (e.g., capsaicin present in chili pepper or cayenne pepper), mechanical (e.g., cutting, crushing), or thermal (heat and cold) stimulation of sensory neurons called nociceptors produces a signal that travels along a chain of nerve fibers to the brain. Nociception triggers a variety of physiological and behavioral responses to protect the organism against an aggression, and usually results in a subjective experience, or perception, of pain in sentient beings.
Bir Charitra
Bir Charitra (Nepali: वीर चरित्र) is a Nepali fantasy novel written by Girish Ballabh Joshi. The first part of the novel was written in c. 1899 (1956 BS) and was published in 1903 by Pashupat Press but soon the Rana government restricted the publication of other volumes. The complete all four parts of the novel was published only in 1965 (2022 BS) by Jagadamba Press. It is considered to be the first novel of Nepali literature.

Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty (Nepali: राणा वंश, romanized: Rāṇā vaṃśa, Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ], Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ]) was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead, and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.

The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.
Get It On (Tripping Daisy EP)
Tripping Daisy Live – Get It On (also known as just Get It On) is the first extended play and only live album by American rock band Tripping Daisy. It was released on June 6, 1994, through the Island Red Label. It was intended to be a stop-gap release between the re-release of Bill (1993) and the band's next studio album, I Am an Elastic Firecracker (1995), and to help build up the band's fanbase.

Bill (Tripping Daisy album)
Bill is the debut studio album American rock band Tripping Daisy.  It was first released in November 1992 on the Dragon Street label, and then re-released on July 20, 1993 on the Island Red Label.  On the re-release, the track "Green Tambourine" was removed, and the two unlisted tracks were appended to the final track.

The album had sold around 15,000 copies before it was picked up by Island.  "My Umbrella" spent two weeks on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart, peaking at No. 24. The album was released released on vinyl in 2023 as part of the DFW Legacy Series.
SS Tavolara Calcio
The Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Tavolara Calcio, also known as Tavolara, is an amateur football team from the Sardinian city of Olbia, currently playing in the group F of the regional Seconda Categoria, corresponding to the eighth and penultimate level of Italian football and the fourth tier of Sardinian regional football.

Tavolara has won two Sardinian first-tier championships and two Sardinian Cups and participated in six national fifth-tier championships, including finishing runner-up and third place. It plays its home matches at the Geovillage field in Olbia.

The club was founded in 1954, and its colors are green and white. The name refers to the island of the same name located at the entrance to the Gulf of Olbia.

Sardinian Cup
The Sardinian Cup, known as Coppa Italia Dilettanti Sardegna, or  Coppa Sardegna in Italian, is an association football knock-out cup competition run by the Sardinian Committee of the Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (FIGC Sardinia). Established in 1991–1992, it allows the winner to compete in the national phase of the Coppa Italia Dilettanti.
NEROCA FC
NEROCA Football Club (known fully as North Eastern Re-Organising Cultural Association Football Club) is an Indian professional football club based in Imphal, Manipur, that currently competes in the I-League 2. It previously competed in the I-League, the second tier of the Indian football league system. Founded in 1965, and nicknamed "Orange Brigade", the club made their I-League 2nd Division debut in the 2015–16 season. Winning the 2016–17 league, they secured promotion to the I-League.

NEROCA is the first club from Northeast India to reach the final of the coveted Durand Cup. The club also competes in the Manipur State League.

Manipur State League
The Manipur State League is a state-level football league in Manipur, India. It has been organised since 2006 by the All Manipur Football Association. It was the highest state league until the 2022–23 season, when the champions of Manipur Premier League was given the spot for promotion to I-League 3.
Wei Yue
Wei Yue (韋說) (died August 24, 927?) was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, and Tang's successor states Later Liang and Later Tang of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Later Tang's first two emperors Li Cunxu and Li Siyuan. As a chancellor commissioned by Li Cunxu, he did not fit in with the officials trusted by Li Siyuan, and was eventually exiled and forced to commit suicide.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
Giuseppe Biagi (explorer)
Giuseppe Biagi (2 February 1897 in Medicina – 1 November 1965 in Rome) was an Italian soldier, explorer and radio operator. He was one of the survivors of the deadly crash of the airship Italia in May 1928 during Umberto Nobile's expedition to the North Pole.

Umberto Nobile
Umberto Nobile (Italian pronunciation: [umˈbɛrto ˈnɔːbile]; 21 January 1885 – 30 July 1978) was an Italian aviator, aeronautical engineer and Arctic explorer.

Nobile was a developer and promoter of semi-rigid airships in the years between the two World Wars. He is primarily remembered for designing and piloting the airship Norge, which may have been the first aircraft to reach the North Pole, and which was indisputably the first to fly across the polar ice cap from Europe to America.  Nobile also designed and flew the Italia, a second polar airship; this second expedition ended in a deadly crash and provoked an international rescue effort, some participants of which also lost their lives or went missing and presumed dead.
Milnor–Thurston kneading theory
The Milnor–Thurston kneading theory is a mathematical theory which analyzes the iterates of piecewise monotone mappings of an interval into itself. The emphasis is on understanding the properties of the mapping that are invariant under topological conjugacy.

The theory had been developed by John Milnor and William Thurston in two widely circulated and influential Princeton preprints from 1977 that were revised in 1981 and finally published in 1988. Applications of the theory include piecewise linear models, counting of fixed points, computing the total variation, and constructing an invariant measure with maximal entropy.

John Milnor
John Willard Milnor (born February 20, 1931) is an American mathematician known for his work in differential topology, algebraic K-theory and low-dimensional holomorphic dynamical systems. Milnor is a distinguished professor at Stony Brook University and the only mathematician to have won the Fields Medal, the Wolf Prize, the Abel Prize and all three Steele prizes.
Curtis Enis
Curtis D. Enis (born June 15, 1976) is an American former professional football running back who played for three seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions, earning consensus All-American honors in 1997. Enis was selected by the Chicago Bears in the first round of the 1998 NFL draft.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
Narendra Singh Tomar
Narendra Singh Tomar (born 12 June 1957; Hindi pronunciation: [n̪əɾeːn̪d̪ɾə sɪŋgʱ t̪oːməɾ]) is an Indian politician and the speaker of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly since 2023. He is the former Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare. He has been Minister of Rural Development, Minister of Panchayati Raj, Minister of Mines and Minister of Parliamentary Affairs in the Government of India during different periods of the First and Second Modi ministry. He is a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party. He was also a member of Fifteenth Lok Sabha from 2009 to 2014 from Morena; Sixteenth Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2019 from Gwalior and 17th Lok Sabha from 2019 to 2023 from Morena. In 2019, he changed his constituency and was re-elected to the Lok Sabha from Morena.

Ministry of Panchayati Raj
The Ministry of Panchayati Raj  (transl. Ministry of Local Self-Government) is a branch of the Government of India. The Ministry is in charge of the Panchayati Raj and Panchayati Raj Institutions. It was created in May 2004. The Ministry is headed by a minister of cabinet rank / Minister of State and transfers grants to rural local bodies for civic programs such as maintenance and construction of roads, pavements, bridges, drainage systems, parks, piped water supply, streetlights etc.

In 1993 the passage of the 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution of India, granted powers and functions to Local Self Governments (Panchayat at Village levels and Municipalities and Municipal Corporations in towns and large cities). As such the Panchayati raj may be seen as a third tier of government, below the federal and state governments.
Groans of the Britons
The Groans of the Britons (Latin: gemitus Britannorum) is the final appeal made between 446 and 454 by the Britons to the Roman military for assistance against Pict and Scot raiders. The appeal is first referenced in Gildas' 6th-century De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae; Gildas' account was later repeated in chapter 13 of Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum. According to Gildas, the message was addressed to "Agitius", who is generally identified with the general Flavius Aetius. The collapsing Western Roman Empire had few military resources to spare during its decline, and the record is ambiguous on what the response to the appeal was, if any. According to Gildas and various later medieval sources, such as Procopius, the failure of the Roman armies to secure Britain led the Britons to invite Anglo-Saxon mercenaries to the island, precipitating the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.

Sub-Roman Britain
Sub-Roman Britain, also called post-Roman Britain or Dark Age Britain, is the period of late antiquity in Great Britain between the end of Roman rule and the founding of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The term was originally used to describe archaeological remains found in 5th- and 6th-century AD sites that hinted at the decay of locally made wares from a previous higher standard under the Roman Empire. It is now used to describe the period that began with the recall of Roman troops from Britannia to Gaul by Constantine III in 407 and ended with the Battle of Deorham in 577. This period has attracted a great deal of academic and popular debate, in part because of the lack of written records from the time.