hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Franklin S. Billings Jr.
Franklin Swift Billings Jr., BEM (June 5, 1922 – March 9, 2014) was an American politician and judge from the state of Vermont. Billings served as Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives, Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court and Chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Ohio State Route 598
State Route 598 (SR 598) is a 23.43-mile-long (37.71 km) north–south state highway in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. The southern terminus of SR 598 is at a signalized intersection where it meets SR 19, SR 61 and SR 309 in Galion.  Its northern terminus is at SR 103 nearly 1.75 miles (2.82 km) east of Willard.

Ohio State Route 61
State Route 61 (SR 61) is a north–south state highway in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Its southern terminus is at the U.S. Route 36/State Route 3 concurrency in Sunbury, and its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 6 east of Huron, at the southernmost point of Lake Erie (which is subsequently the southernmost northern border of the United States).  State Route 61 is routed through the communities of Mount Gilead, Galion, Crestline, Shelby, Plymouth, Norwalk, and Berlin Heights.
Costa Rican Confederation of Workers
The Costa Rican Confederation of Workers (CTRN) Costa Rican trade union center. It was formed in 1991 by the merger of three union centres.

The CTRN is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.

Trade unions in Costa Rica
Trade unions in Costa Rica advocate for the rights of workers in Costa Rica. Dating back to the late 1800s, labor unions in the country have been a political force. They remain active in political and social life for many Costa Ricans.
Odette Nilès
Odette Nilès (née Lecland; 27 December 1922 – 27 May 2023) was a French Communist and a militant in the French Resistance. She was held in internment camps from 1941 to 1944, where she had a romance with resistance hero Guy Môquet, for which she became known as "Guy Môquet's fiancée". After escaping from an internment camp, she became a member of the resistance against Vichy France. After World War II, she remained an active member of the French Communist Party as the wife of the mayor of Drancy.

Guy Môquet
Guy Prosper Eustache Môquet (French pronunciation: [ɡi pʁɔspɛʁ østaʃ mokɛ], 26 April 1924 – 22 October 1941) was a young French Communist activist. During the German occupation of France in World War II, he was taken hostage by the Nazis and executed by firing squad in Châteaubriant in retaliation for attacks on Germans by the French Resistance; Môquet went down in history as one of its symbols. The farewell letter he wrote to his family at age 17 is now a mandatory reading in all French high schools.
BEN domain
In molecular biology, BEN domain is a conserved protein domain found in a variety of eukaryotic transcriptional regulators and chromatin-associated proteins. It is named after three proteins in which it was first identified: BANP, E5R, and NAC1. The BEN domain is thought to play a critical role in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions, particularly in gene silencing, transcriptional regulation, and chromatin organization. It is commonly involved in processes such as development, differentiation, and the maintenance of cellular identity through epigenetic regulation.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Vaibhav Reddy
A. Sumanth Reddy (born 21 April 1978), better known as Vaibhav, is an Indian actor who works primarily in Tamil and Telugu films. He made his debut with the Telugu film Godava (2007) under his father, A. Kodandarami Reddy's direction. He is best known for his performances in Venkat Prabhu films Saroja (2008), Goa (2010), Mankatha (2011) and Chennai 600028 II (2016).

Venkat Prabhu
Venkat Kumar Gangai Amaren (born 7 November 1975), better known by his stage name Venkat Prabhu, is an Indian film director, actor and playback singer in Tamil cinema. After completing his education, he began pursuing an acting career, with his first three ventures featuring him in a starring role, failing to release, following which he began appearing in character roles.

He entered the spotlight for the first time when he turned director with the summer hit Chennai 600028 (2007). He achieved further commercial successes with his subsequent directorials Saroja (2008), Goa (2010), Mankatha (2011), Biriyani (2013), Masss (2015),  Maanaadu (2021), and The Greatest of All Time (2024). His father Gangai Amaren is a film director and music director.
Hubballi Junction railway station
Shree Siddharoodha Swamiji Hubballi Junction Railway Station (Station code: UBL), is a railway junction station under Hubballi railway division of South Western Railway zone (SWR) of Indian Railways situated in Hubballi, Karnataka, India. The platform number 1 of Hubballi Junction has a length of 1,507 metres, making it the longest railway platform in the world as of March 2023.

SSS Hubballi Junction Railway Station has three entrances to get into station. One is the main entrance, the other in front of Central Railway Hospital of Gadag road, and the third one few metres ahead of main entrance i.e near yard. The station has an interesting platform bifurcation. It has total 8 platforms, five of them are alike other stations i.e one beside the other, and the other three in the next entry. The longest platform is divided into two parts, it has platform no 1 and 8 on same platform.

Hubballi railway division
Hubballi railway division is one of the three railway divisions under the jurisdiction of South Western Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It was formed on 5 November 1951 and its headquarter is located at Hubballi, Karnataka.

Bengaluru railway division and Mysuru railway division are the other railway divisions under SWR Zone headquartered at Hubballi.
St Tiernach's Park
St Tiernach's Park is the principal GAA stadium of Ulster GAA located in County Monaghan, Ireland. It is used mainly for Gaelic football.

Such is its association with the town of Clones (/ˈkloʊnɪs/ KLOH-nis), which is located to the south, that the venue itself is often referred to simply as Clones. With a current capacity of 29,000, it hosts major Gaelic football matches such as the Ulster Senior Football Championship final and is home to Clones GAA and Monaghan GAA.

Monaghan GAA
The Monaghan County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Mhuineacháin) or Monaghan GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Monaghan and the Monaghan county football and hurling teams. Separate county boards are responsible for the promotion & development of handball, camogie and ladies' football within the county, as well as having responsibility for their representative county players/teams. The current team sponsor of Monaghan GAA is Activ8 Solar Energies.
Waterloo 1815 Memorial
The Waterloo 1815 Memorial (French: Mémorial Waterloo 1815) is a Belgian museum complex located on the site of the Waterloo battlefield in Belgium. It includes a museum inaugurated in 2015, the Lion's Mound, the Panorama of the Battle of Waterloo and the Hougoumont farm.

Hougoumont
The Château d'Hougoumont (possibly originally Goumont or Gomont) is a walled manorial compound, situated at the bottom of an escarpment near the Nivelles road in the Braine-l'Alleud municipality, near Waterloo, Belgium. The site served as one of the advanced defensible positions of the Anglo-allied army under the Duke of Wellington, that faced Napoleon's Army at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815.

Hougoumont, which had become dilapidated, was fully restored in time for the 200th anniversary of the battle and opened to the public on 18 June 2015.
Varifold
In mathematics, a varifold is, loosely speaking, a measure-theoretic generalization of the concept of a differentiable manifold, by replacing differentiability requirements with those provided by rectifiable sets, while maintaining the general algebraic structure usually seen in differential geometry.  Varifolds generalize the idea of a rectifiable current, and are studied in geometric measure theory.

Rectifiable set
In mathematics, a rectifiable set is a set that is smooth in a certain measure-theoretic sense. It is an extension of the idea of a rectifiable curve to higher dimensions; loosely speaking, a rectifiable set is a rigorous formulation of a piece-wise smooth set.  As such, it has many of the desirable properties of smooth manifolds, including tangent spaces that are defined almost everywhere. Rectifiable sets are the underlying object of study in geometric measure theory.
Sirsa Lok Sabha constituency
Sirsa Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 10 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Haryana state in northern India. This constituency covers the entire Sirsa and Fatehabad districts and part of Jind district of the state. It is reserved for the Scheduled caste candidates since its inception in 1967.

Sirsa district
Sirsa district is the largest district by area in Haryana state, India. Sirsa is the district headquarters. It is located on National Highway 9 and 250 kilometres (160 mi) from the capital Delhi. On 1 September 1975, Sirsa became a district by taking Sirsa and Dabwali tahsils from Hisar District. There are a total of 342 villages in Sirsa district.
Burton Wendroff
Burton Wendroff (born March 10, 1930) is an American applied mathematician known for his contributions to the development of numerical methods for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations. The Lax–Wendroff method for the solution of hyperbolic PDE is named for Wendroff (as well as for Peter Lax).

Wendroff is an adjunct professor at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico. He is also a retired fellow and associate at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Wendroff is a primary author of the chess program Lachex. Together with co-author Tony Warnock, Lachex competed at two World Computer Chess Championships at Cologne (1986) and Madrid (1992).

Peter Lax
Peter David Lax (1 May 1926 – 16 May 2025) was a Hungarian-born American mathematician and Abel Prize laureate working in the areas of pure and applied mathematics.

Lax made important contributions to integrable systems, fluid dynamics and shock waves, solitonic physics, hyperbolic conservation laws, and mathematical and scientific computing, among other fields. In a 1958 paper Lax stated a conjecture about matrix representations for third order hyperbolic polynomials which remained unproven for over four decades. Interest in the "Lax conjecture" grew as mathematicians working in several different areas recognized the importance of its implications in their field, until it was finally proven to be true in 2003.
Nord-Est (department)
Nord-Est (French, pronounced [nɔʁɛst] ⓘ) or Nodès (Haitian Creole; both meaning "North East") is one of the ten departments of Haiti, located in northern Haiti. It has an area of 1,623 km2 (627 sq mi), making it the smallest of all the departments. It had an estimated population of 393,967 as of 2015. Its capital is Fort-Liberté. It was a part of the Nord department.

Nord (Haitian department)
Nord (French, pronounced [nɔʁ] ⓘ) or Nò (Haitian Creole; both meaning "North") is one of the ten departments of Haiti and located in northern Haiti. It has an area of 2,114.91 km2 (816.57 sq mi) and a population of 1,067,177 (2015). Its capital is Cap-Haïtien.
Karl Friedrich Kahlert
Karl Friedrich Kahlert (25 September 1765 – 8 September 1813) also known by the pen names Lawrence Flammenberg or Lorenz Flammenberg and Bernhard Stein was a German author of gothic fiction. He is best known for The Necromancer; or, The Tale of the Black Forest, an English translation by Peter Teuthold of his Der Geisterbanner: Eine Wundergeschichte aus mündlichen und schriftlichen Traditionen, which is one of the seven 'horrid novels' referenced by Jane Austen in Northanger Abbey. Through this work, he was a major influence on gothic literature in England, including Matthew Lewis's The Monk.

Matthew Gregory Lewis
Matthew Gregory Lewis (9 July 1775 – 16 May 1818) was an English novelist and dramatist, whose writings are often classified as "Gothic horror". He was frequently referred to as "Monk" Lewis, because of the success of his 1796 Gothic novel The Monk. He also worked as a diplomat, politician and an estate owner in Jamaica.
Tom and Jerry: The Deluxe Anniversary Collection
The Tom and Jerry Deluxe Anniversary Collection is a two-disc DVD set, released by Warner Home Video.

2010 marked the 70th anniversary of the release of the first Tom and Jerry cartoon, Puss Gets the Boot. To mark the occasion, Warner Home Video released a new DVD featuring 30 shorts.

It was released in the UK on the June 1, 2010 and in the US on June 22, 2010.

All of Disc One have been released on previous Tom and Jerry DVDs, especially the three previous Spotlight Collection and the six Classic Collection volumes.

Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection
The Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection is a series of two-disc DVD sets released by Warner Home Video. Originally planned as an uncensored, chronological set, the issued Spotlight Collection sets include selected Tom and Jerry shorts on each volume. Volume 1 was released on October 19, 2004, Volume 2 on October 25, 2005, and the third and final volume on September 11, 2007. On October 15, 2019, the set, which consists of 4 discs, was repackaged with some errors fixed.
Neetham
Neetham (Tamil:நீதம்) are the primary virtues to be followed according to the Akilathirattu the holy text of Ayyavazhi. They are found in Akilam one, which is the first section of the Akilathirattu Ammanai, and in the middle of the meta-narrative events of the eight yugas. This shows that the society, its people, and the ruling king once lived in absolute harmony with nature, placing the power of God in all their works, deeds, and activities during early ages.

The Akilathirattu points this out as an example, and describes how the people should live in the world. It also forms a part of Ayyavazhi ethics. The Neethams are split into three. They are,

Manu Neetham: How an individual should personify him/herself with good morality.

Raja Neetham: How an individual should be to the society or Nation, and in turn how the Nation should be to a common man.

Deiva Neetham: How an individual should be before God.

Akilathirattu Ammanai
Akilathirattu Ammanai (Tamil: அகிலத்திரட்டு அம்மானை; akilam ("world"), thirattu ("collection"), ammanai ("ballad")), also called Thiru Edu ("venerable book"), is the main religious text of the Tamil belief system Ayyavazhi. The title is often abbreviated to Akilam or Akilathirattu.

Akilam includes more than 15,000 verses and is the largest collection of Ammanai literature in Tamil as well as one of the largest works in Tamil constructed by a single author.
Crosscut saw
A crosscut saw (thwart saw) is any saw designed for cutting wood perpendicular to (across) the wood grain. Crosscut saws may be small or large, with small teeth close together for fine work like woodworking or large for coarse work like log bucking, and can be a hand tool or power tool.

The cutting edge of each tooth is angled in an alternating pattern. This design allows each tooth to act like a knife edge and slice through the wood in contrast to a rip saw, which tears along the grain, acting like a miniature chisel. Some crosscut saws use special teeth, called rakers, designed to clean out the cut strips of wood from the kerf.
Crosscut saws generally have smaller teeth than rip saws.

Some saws, such as Japanese saws and those used by the ancient Egyptians, are designed to cut only on the pull stroke. Western saws, on the other hand, are designed to cut on the push stroke. Cross cut saws designed for log bucking and tree felling are designed to cut on the pull stroke.

Log bucking
Bucking is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. Significant value can be lost by sub-optimal bucking because logs destined for plywood, lumber, and pulp each have their own value and specifications for length, diameter, and defects. Cutting from the top down is overbucking and from the bottom up is underbucking.

In British English, the process is called logging-up or crosscutting.
Feios
Feios is a village in Vik Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the southern shore of the Sognefjorden, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of the village of Vangsnes and about 17 kilometres (11 mi) northwest of the village of Fresvik. The village lies in a small, narrow valley, surrounded by large mountains, with the river Feioselvi running through the center of the valley. Feios Church is located in the village.

A good portion of the population is engaged in agriculture, especially fruits such as apples, pears, plums, strawberries, and raspberries on farms and gardens in the village. Historically, the village has been famous for its beautiful fruit blossoms. Fruit cultivation has slowed somewhat in recent years. Raising cattle, sheep, and horses are also done on the farms in this valley.

Vangsnes
Vangsnes is a village located in Vik Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It's located on a relatively flat and fertile peninsula that juts out on the south side of the Sognefjorden, roughly at the midpoint of the fjord which is Norway's longest. The village of Balestrand lies about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the northwest (across the fjord) and the villages of Leikanger-Hermansverk lie about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) straight east (also across the fjord). Vangsnes Church is located in the village.

The village sits along Norwegian National Road 13 and it is connected with the villages of Hella and Dragsviki in Sogndal Municipality, both on the north side of Sognefjorden, through a ferry system operated by Fjord1.
Stade Lambert Fourir
The Stade Lambert Fourir is a football stadium of the Royal Dolhain FC in Limbourg, Belgium. The club has three football fields. The facilities were restored some years ago. The main building or main grandstand consists of several facilities. There are four locker rooms for players and a locker room for the referee, also including sanitary facilities such as toilets and a small cafeteria is available. The bar association has been recently restored. It has room for several hundred visitors. It is also possible to rent the bar for birthday parties or similar events or other celebrations. More information can be requested from the Board of the Association. In 1947 the football club from coming Dolhain named the stadium "Stade Lambert Fourir" to be that referred to this day. The stadium holds 3,000 spectators.

Royal Dolhain F.C.
Royal Dolhain F.C., usually known as Dolhain or RDFC, is an amateur Belgian association football club from Limbourg in Belgium, that currently competes in the 7th League (formerly known as Provincial first division) of the Belgium League System.
Brown banded cobra
The brown banded cobra (Naja fuxi) is a species of venomous cobra, endemic to Southeast Asia. It was considered to be a part of Naja kaouthia until genetic studies conducted in 2022 rendered it a separate species.

Naja
Naja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes commonly known as cobras (or "true cobras"). Various species occur throughout Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Several other elapid species are often called "cobras", such as the king cobra and the rinkhals, but they are not "true cobras", in that they do not belong to the genus Naja.

Until recently, the genus Naja had 20 to 22 species, but it has undergone several taxonomic revisions in recent years, so sources vary greatly. Wide support exists, though, for a 2009 revision that synonymised the genera Boulengerina and Paranaja with Naja. According to that revision, the genus Naja now includes 38 species.
European civil code
The European civil code (ECC) is a proposed harmonisation of private law across the European Union.

The ultimate aim of a European civil code is, like a national civil code, to deal comprehensively with the core areas of private law. Private law typically covered in a civil code includes the family law, the law of inheritance, property law and the law of obligations. The law of obligations includes the law of contracts, delicts (or torts) and restitution. It was from work on European contract law that the push for a comprehensive European civil code arose. The development of a European civil code has primarily focused on creating a unified law of contracts. Thus, the term 'European civil code' is often used with specific reference to the harmonisation of contract law throughout the EU.

Civil code
A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations.

A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some jurisdictions with a civil code, a number of the core areas of private law that would otherwise typically be codified in a civil code may instead be codified in a commercial code.
Ali Nesin
Hüseyin Ali Nesin (born 18 November 1956, Istanbul) is a Turkish Prof. Mathematician and scientist He was born in November 18 1956 in İstanbul. His father is the well known writer Aziz Nesin, and his mother is Meral Çelen.

Aziz Nesin
Aziz Nesin (pronounced [ˈaziz ˈne.sin]; born Mehmet Nusret,¶ 20 December 1915 – 6 July 1995) was a Turkish writer, humorist and the author of more than 100 books. Born in a time when Turks did not have official surnames, he had to adopt one after the Surname Law of 1934 was passed. Although his family carried the nickname "Topalosmanoğlu", after an ancestor named "Topal Osman", he chose the surname "Nesin". In Turkish, Nesin? means, What are you?.
Carson City (baseball)
The Carson City team was a minor league baseball team based in Carson City, Nevada in 1907. The team nickname was noted to be the "Capitals", as Carson City played the 1907 season as members of the Independent level Nevada State League. The 1907 Carson City team is the only minor league team hosted in Carson City to date.

Nevada State League
The Nevada State League was an Independent level minor league baseball league that played in the 1907 season. The four–team Nevada State League consisted of teams based in Nevada. The Nevada State League played just the 1907 season before permanently folding. Notably, league president John T. Powers was scheduled to umpire a league game in Goldfield, Nevada during the season and took the field with revolvers strapped around his waist, before law enforcement intervened.