hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
L. E. J. Brouwer
Luitzen Egbertus Jan "Bertus" Brouwer (27 February 1881 – 2 December 1966) was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher who worked in topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis. Regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century, he is known as one of the founders of modern topology, particularly for establishing his fixed-point theorem and the topological invariance of dimension.

Brouwer also became a major figure in the philosophy of intuitionism, a constructivist school of mathematics which argues that mathematics is a cognitive construct rather than a type of objective truth. This position led to the Brouwer–Hilbert controversy, in which Brouwer sparred with his formalist colleague David Hilbert. Brouwer's ideas were subsequently taken up by his student Arend Heyting and Hilbert's former student Hermann Weyl. In addition to his mathematical work, Brouwer also published the short philosophical tract Life, Art, and Mysticism (1905).

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)
North Lawrence, Ohio
North Lawrence is a census-designated place in southwestern Lawrence Township, Stark County, Ohio, United States.  It has a post office with the ZIP code 44666. The community is part of the Canton–Massillon Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 212 at the 2020 census.

Stark County, Ohio
Stark County is a county located in the northeastern part of U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 374,853. Its county seat is Canton. The county was created in 1808 and organized the next year. It is named for John Stark, an officer in the American Revolutionary War.

Stark County is included in the Canton-Massillon, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area.
I Go Wild
"I Go Wild" is a song by English rock band the Rolling Stones from their twentieth studio album, Voodoo Lounge (1994). Credited to Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, "I Go Wild" is largely a Jagger composition. "I Go Wild" was released as the fourth and final single from Voodoo Lounge. Following its UK release on 3 July 1995, it reached number 29 on the UK Singles Chart.

A music video for the song was shot at Ex-templo de San Lázaro in Mexico City immediately before the Stones' 14-stadium tour of South America. The song was performed throughout the 1994–1995 Voodoo Lounge Tour; a live version from 1994 appeared on the maxi-single, and a 1995 live performance was released in 2016 on Totally Stripped.

Stripped (Rolling Stones album)
Stripped is a live album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones released in November 1995 after the Voodoo Lounge Tour. It contains six live tracks and eight studio recordings. The live tracks were taken from four 1995 performances, at three small venues, and include a cover of Bob Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone", which was the first single from the album. The remaining eight tracks were acoustic studio re-recordings of songs from the Stones' previous catalogue, the exception being a cover of Willie Dixon's "Little Baby". The studio performances were recorded "live", i.e., without overdubs.
Tucker's Town (song)
"Tucker's Town" is a song by American rock group Hootie & the Blowfish. It was released on June 25, 1996, as the second single from their second album, Fairweather Johnson (1996). In the United States, it peaked at number 38 on the Billboard Hot 100 (their last Hot 100 entry until 2025, until their collaboration with Scotty McCreery on "Bottle Rockets" brought them back to the Hot 100) and number seven on the Billboard Triple-A chart. Outside the US, "Tucker's Town" reached number two in Canada and number 20 in Iceland.

Fairweather Johnson
Fairweather Johnson is the second studio album by American rock band Hootie & the Blowfish, released on April 23, 1996, through Atlantic Records. Three songs from the album were released as singles: "Old Man & Me", "Tucker's Town", and "Sad Caper". The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 in May 1996, while their debut, Cracked Rear View, was still in the charts. It has sold 2,361,000 copies in the US as of May 2012.

Despite its initial success, sales tapered off quickly, and the album earned mixed reviews; much of the criticism took aim at the album's dour, alt-rock inspired sound as opposed to the jangly radio-friendly style of Cracked Rear View. It was included in Pitchfork Media's 2010 list of "ten career-killing albums" of the 1990s. Stylus Magazine shared sentiments, including it in their "Non-Definitive Guide to the Follow-Up", saying "really, everyone saw this one coming a mile off. Who was really gonna care about another Hootie album?"
West Uvean language
West Uvean (also Uvean or Faga Ouvéa; Fagauvea in the vernacular) is a Polynesian outlier language spoken on the island of Ouvéa, in the Loyalty island group of New Caledonia, and in the capital of Nouméa.

West Uvean has been studied by linguists Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre and Claire Moyse-Faurie.

Loyalty Islands Province
Loyalty Islands Province (French: Province des îles Loyauté, pronounced [pʁɔvɛ̃s dez‿il lwajote]) is one of the three top-level administrative subdivisions of New Caledonia. It encompasses the Loyalty Islands (French: Îles Loyauté) archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, located northeast of the New Caledonian mainland of Grande Terre.

The provincial government seat is at Lifou. The Loyalty Islands are a collectivité territoriale of France. The province's 2019 population was approximately 18,353 inhabitants living on almost 2,000 km2 (770 sq mi). The native inhabitants are Melanesians who speak various Kanak languages and Polynesians who speak the Fagauvea language.
Joseph E. Johnson (academic)
Joseph Edwin Johnson (July 9, 1933 – September 29, 2023) was an American academic. He served as the president of University of Tennessee system from 1991 to 1999. He was an alumnus of Birmingham–Southern College and the University of Tennessee. He was also a 1951 graduate of Hueytown High School in Hueytown, Alabama, where his fellow high school seniors accurately voted him "most likely to succeed." Johnson died on September 29, 2023, at the age of 90.

University of Tennessee system
The University of Tennessee System (UT System) is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is one of two public university systems, the other being the Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR). It consists of four primary campuses in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Pulaski and Martin; a health sciences campus in Memphis; a research institute in Tullahoma; and various extensions throughout the state.

As of 2012, the UT System has a combined student enrollment of more than 49,000 students, over 320,000 living alumni, and a total endowment that tops $1 billion.
Aabey
Aabey, also spelled Abey (Arabic: عبيه), is a village located in Mount Lebanon, in Aley District of Mount Lebanon Governorate. It is located 22 km (14 mi) from Beirut and has an altitude of 800 m (2,600 feet). It is bordered by Kfarmatta (South), Al Bennay (East), Damour (West), and Ain Ksour (North). It overlooks Damour and the capital Beirut and the sea can be seen from virtually any point in the village. Aabey contains the Dawdye college, Aabey Vocational School (Mihanye) etc.

Aley District
Aley (Arabic: عاليه) is a district (qadaa) in Mount Lebanon, Lebanon, to the south-east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut. The capital is Aley which was known as the "bride of the summers" in the 1960 and 1970s, when the city was an attractive tourist location.

The district elects 5 members of parliament, of which 3 are Christians (1 Orthodox and 2 Maronite) and 2 are Druze. 
During the 1975-1990 Civil War in Lebanon, Aley witnessed several battles around its environs.
Mor Bar Sauma Monastery
The Mor Bar Sauma Monastery was a Syriac Orthodox monastery located between Gargar and Malatya in Turkey. The monastery served as the regular patriarchal residence from the eleventh century until the thirteenth century, and was eventually abandoned in the seventeenth century. It produced five patriarchs and forty-three metropolitan bishops. Between 1074 and 1283 several synods took place at the monastery.

Gerger
Gerger (Armenian: Գարգար, romanized: Gargar, lit. 'mound'; Kurdish: Aldûş) is a town of Adıyaman Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Gerger District. It is populated by Kurds of different tribal backgrounds and had a population of 2,753 in 2021. The mayor is Erkan Aksoy (AKP).
Whippet (bicycle)
Whippet was a brand of safety bicycle designed by C. M. Linley and manufactured by Linley and Briggs in London. Examples exist from 1885 and 1888. They are notable for their use of springs to suspend the frame. An early external derailleur, that enabled two gear ratios and used a freewheel hub was introduced in the summer of 1894, and was available only on Whippet bicycles.

Safety bicycle
A safety bicycle (or simply a safety) is a type of bicycle that became very popular beginning in the late 1880s as an alternative to the penny-farthing (also known as an "ordinary" or "high wheeler") and is now the most common type of bicycle. Early bicycles of this style were known as safety bicycles because they were noted for, and marketed as, being safer than the high wheelers they were replacing. Even though modern bicycles use a similar design, the term is rarely used today and is considered obsolete outside circles familiar with high wheelers.
Aditi Phadnis
Aditi Phadnis is a political writer. She writes columns in newspapers and magazines and has published books on the subject of Indian politics. She is married to the defense commentator Ashok Mehta. Her mother, Urmila Phadnis, was International Affairs Professor at JNU.

Urmila Phadnis
Urmila Phadnis (1931 – 1991) was an Indian political scientist and sociologist, who specialised in the ethnology of South Asia. She served as professor of international affairs at Jawaharlal Nehru University. She authored the books Ethnicity and Nation-building in South Asia (2001), Towards the Integration of Indian States, 1919-1947 (1968), and Maldives, Winds of Change in an Atoll State (1985) among others on the geopolitics of South Asia. She was the mother of political writer Aditi Phadnis.
Oxalate decarboxylase
In enzymology, an oxalate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.2) is an oxalate degrading enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

oxalate + H+  formate + CO2

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are oxalate and H+, whereas its two products are formate and CO2.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is oxalate carboxy-lyase (formate-forming). This enzyme is also called oxalate carboxy-lyase.  This enzyme participates in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.

Oxalate degrading enzyme
An oxalate degrading enzyme is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the biodegradation of oxalate. Enzymes in this class include oxalate oxidase, oxalate decarboxylase, oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase, and formyl-CoA transferase.
Bamboo Harvester
Bamboo Harvester (1949–1970) was the American Saddlebred/part-Arabian horse that was known for portraying Mister Ed on the 1961–1966 comedy series of the same name. Foaled in 1949, the gelding was trained by Will Rogers' protégé, Les Hilton. He was born in the Los Angeles area but some sources disagree as to whether his birthplace was in El Monte or at Harvester Farms in Chatsworth, California.

In 1968, two years after the cancellation of Mister Ed, at the age of 19, Bamboo began to suffer from a variety of age related ailments, including kidney problems and arthritis. He was euthanized in 1970.

A second palomino horse named Pumpkin (alternatively Punkin), which had posed for still pictures used in press kits for the show and some personal appearances, survived until 1979. After Bamboo Harvester's death, the second horse was unofficially known as Mister Ed.

Mister Ed
Mister Ed is an American television sitcom produced by Filmways that aired in syndication from January 5 to July 2, 1961, and then on CBS from October 1, 1961, to February 6, 1966. The show's title character is a talking horse which originally appeared in short stories by Walter R. Brooks.

Mister Ed is one of the few series to debut in syndication and be picked up by a major network for prime time. All 143 episodes were filmed in black and white.
Comptroller of the Household
The Comptroller of the Household is a historical position in the British royal household, nominally the second-ranking member of the Lord Steward's department after the Treasurer of the Household. The Comptroller was an ex officio member of the Board of Green Cloth, until that body was abolished in the reform of local government licensing in 2004. In recent times, a senior government whip has invariably occupied the office. On state occasions the Comptroller (in common with certain other senior officers of the Household) carries a white staff of office, as often seen in portraits.

"Comptroller" is an alternative spelling of "controller", recorded since around 1500 in a number of British titles, and later also in the United States. The variant in spelling results from the influence of French compte "account".

Marcus Sandys, 3rd Baron Sandys
Arthur Marcus Cecil Sandys, 3rd Baron Sandys (28 January 1798 – 10 April 1863), known as Lord Marcus Hill until 1860, was a British Whig politician. Lea & Perrins has claimed that Sandys encountered a precursor to Worcestershire sauce while in India with the East India Company in the 1830s, and commissioned the local apothecaries to recreate it, eventually leading to its popularity in England.
Syrup of figs
Syrup of figs is a formerly proprietary preparation for use as a laxative, now widely available commercially and also easy to make at home. Its ingredients include figs and dried senna pods, both known for their laxative properties, as well as water, sugar and lemon. The syrup was invented in 1879 by Richard E. Queen and immediately sold to the California Fig Syrup Company of Reno, Nevada, which manufactured and marketed it thereafter.

The product was the subject of a lawsuit, Clinton Worden Company v. California Fig Syrup Company, which was decided in favor of the syrup company by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1905.

Senna (plant)
Senna, the sennas, is a large genus of flowering plants in the legume family (Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, tribe Cassieae ). This diverse genus is native throughout the tropics, with a small number of species in temperate regions. The number of species is estimated to be from about 260 to 350. The type species for the genus is Senna alexandrina. About 50 species of Senna are known in cultivation.
Bionade
Bionade [ˌbi.(j)oˈnaːdə] is a German range of non-alcoholic, organic fermented and carbonated beverages. It is manufactured in the Bavarian town of Ostheim vor der Rhön by the Peter beer brewery. Sales started in 1995 and Bionade is now available in most European countries. Until 2018 Bionade GmbH was a subsidiary of Radeberger, a group of breweries which is a division of Dr. Oetker. Now Bionade is part of the Hassia Group.

Ostheim
Ostheim vor der Rhön (German pronunciation: [ˈɔsthaɪm foːɐ̯ deːɐ̯ ˈʁøːn], lit. 'Ostheim before the Rhön') is a town in Northern Bavaria in the district of Rhön-Grabfeld in Franconia. Though politically part of Bavaria since 1947, it was historically a part of Thuringia, and remains religiously, architecturally, and to some extent culturally distinct from its immediate surroundings.
International Council of Unitarians and Universalists
The International Council of Unitarians and Universalists (ICUU) was an umbrella organization founded in 1995 comprising many Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist organizations. It was dissolved in 2021 along with the Unitarian Universalist Partner Church Council to make way for a new merged entity, the U/U Global Network, founded in 2024. Some groups represented only a few hundred people; while the largest, the Unitarian Universalist Association, had more than 160,000 members as of May 2011—including over 150,000 in the United States.

General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches
The General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches (GAUFCC or colloquially British Unitarians) is the umbrella organisation for Unitarian, Free Christians, and other liberal religious congregations in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was formed in 1928, with denominational roots going back to the Great Ejection of 1662. Its headquarters is Essex Hall in central London, on the site of the first avowedly Unitarian chapel in England, set up in 1774.

The GAUFCC brought together various strands and traditions besides Unitarianism, including English Presbyterianism, General Baptist, Methodism, Liberal Christianity, Christian Universalism, Religious Humanism, and Unitarian Universalism. Unitarians are now an open-faith community celebrating diverse beliefs; some of its members would describe themselves as Buddhists, Pagans, or Jewish, while many others are humanists, agnostics, or atheists.
The Crichton
The Crichton is an institutional campus in Dumfries in southwest Scotland. It serves as a remote campus for the University of Glasgow, the University of the West of Scotland, Dumfries and Galloway College, and the Open University. The site also includes a hotel and conference centre, and Crichton Memorial Church, set in a 100-acre (40-hectare) park. The campus was established in the 19th century as the Crichton Royal Hospital, a psychiatric hospital.

Dumfries
Dumfries (Scots: /dʌmˈfriːs/ ⓘ dum-FREESS; from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phris Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˌt̪un ˈfɾʲiʃ]) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, 25 miles (40 km) from the Anglo-Scottish border. Dumfries is the county town of the historic county of Dumfriesshire.

Before becoming King of Scots, Robert the Bruce killed his rival John Comyn III of Badenoch at Greyfriars Kirk in the town in 1306. The Young Pretender had his headquarters here towards the end of 1745. In World War II, the Norwegian armed forces in exile in Britain largely consisted of a brigade in Dumfries.

Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South. This is also the name of the town's football club. People from Dumfries are known colloquially in Scots language as Doonhamers.
Baldwin, North Dakota
Baldwin is an unincorporated community in western Burleigh County, North Dakota, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 83 north of the city of Bismarck, the county seat of Burleigh County. Baldwin's elevation is 1,939 feet (591 m). Baldwin has a post office with the ZIP code 58521.

Burleigh County, North Dakota
Burleigh County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 98,458, and was estimated to be 103,107 in 2024, making it the second-most populous county in North Dakota. Its county seat and largest city is Bismarck, the state capital and second-largest city in North Dakota. The county was named for Dakota Territory political figure Walter A. Burleigh.

Burleigh County is included in the Bismarck metropolitan area.
Amanda Martin
Amanda Martin is a British Labour Party politician and trade unionist who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Portsmouth North since 2024. She gained the seat from cabinet minister, Penny Mordaunt.

A native of Portsmouth, Martin originally worked as a teacher, becoming a school governor and education trustee. She also became chair of the Portsmouth Labour Party and she was once president of the National Education Union.

In September 2024 Martin was elected Chair of the All-party parliamentary group on Gibraltar.

In September 2025 Martin started a new role as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Education.

National Education Union
The National Education Union (NEU) is a trade union in the United Kingdom for school teachers, further education lecturers, education support staff and teaching assistants. It was formed by the amalgamation of the National Union of Teachers and the Association of Teachers and Lecturers in 2017. With 445,601 members as of 2022, it is the largest education union in the UK and Europe.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Knox County, Indiana
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Knox County, Indiana.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Knox County, Indiana, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 21 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including one National Historic Landmark.  Another two properties were once listed but have been removed.

Properties and districts located in incorporated areas display the name of the municipality, while properties and districts in unincorporated areas display the name of their civil township.  Properties and districts split between multiple jurisdictions display the names of all jurisdictions.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted November 13, 2025.

Knox County, Indiana
Knox County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana in the United States. The oldest county in Indiana, it was one of two original counties created in the Northwest Territory in 1790, alongside St. Clair County, Illinois. Knox County was gradually reduced in size as subsequent counties were established. It was established in its present configuration when Daviess County was partitioned off (February 2, 1818). At the 2020 United States census, the county population was 36,282. The county seat is Vincennes. Knox County comprises the Vincennes, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Wang Sun-jae
Wang Sun-Jae (Korean: 왕선재; born 19 March 1959) is a South Korean former footballer who plays as a forward. He is a current manager of Yanbian Beiguo.

In 1983, he was top scorer of Korean League 1983 (Semi-professional) and Hanil Bank won the trophy.

He was part of the South Korea national football team. He played at 1984 AFC Asian Cup, 1986 FIFA World Cup qualification.

Daejeon Hana Citizen
Daejeon Hana Citizen FC (Korean: 대전 하나 시티즌 FC) is a South Korean professional football team based in Daejeon, competing in K League 1, the top tier of South Korean football. At the time of its foundation in 1997, Daejeon was the first community-owned club in South Korea, not being owned by any company. The club first entered the K League in the 1997 season, finishing in seventh place. In spite of a limited budget, Daejeon won the 2001 Korean FA Cup. It has not achieved sustained success in the K League, historically occupying the middle and lower reaches of the standings each season and spending long spells in the second-tier K League 2.

On 24 December 2019, Hana Financial Group bought the club's operating rights and renamed the club to its current name.