hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
AIM2
Interferon-inducible protein AIM2 also known as absent in melanoma 2 or simply AIM2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIM2 gene.

AIM2 is a cytoplasmic sensor found in hematopoietic cells that recognizes the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) of microbial or host cellular origin. AIM2-like receptor (ALR) family was founded on AIM2 and now consists of four members in human genome. Activated AIM2 recruits apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), resulting in caspase-1 binding, and forming of AIM2 inflammasome. This signaling contributes to the defense against bacterial and viral DNA. The AIM2 inflammasome can also be an integral component of the AIM2-PANoptosome to drive PANoptosis.

PYCARD
PYCARD, often referred to as ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PYCARD gene. It is localized mainly in the nucleus of monocytes and macrophages. In case of pathogen infection, however, it relocalizes rapidly to the cytoplasm, perinuclear space, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and it is a key adaptor protein in activation of the inflammasome.

NMR structure of full-length ASC: PDB ID 2KN6
Wulatelong
Wulatelong is an extinct genus of basal oviraptorid dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation (Campanian stage) of Bayan Mandahu, Linhe District of Inner Mongolia, northern China. It contains a single species, Wulatelong gobiensis.

Oviraptoridae
Oviraptoridae is a group of bird-like, herbivorous or omnivorous maniraptoran dinosaurs. Oviraptorids are characterized by their toothless, parrot-like beaks and, in some cases, elaborate crests. They were generally small, measuring between one and two metres long in most cases, though some possible oviraptorids were enormous. Oviraptorids are currently known only from the Late Cretaceous in Asia, with the most well-known species and complete specimens found only in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and northwestern China.
Adem Asil
Adem Asil (born 21 February 1999) is an Egyptian-born Turkish male artistic gymnast.  He represented Turkey at the 2020 and 2024 Olympic Games. He is the 2022 World Champion on still rings and is the 2023 and 
2025 European all-around champion.

Born Abdelrahman Elzamzamy, he changed his name to Abdelrahman Elgamal when he moved to Turkey and competed under that name at a 2020 European Championship. In 2021, he changed it again to Adem Asil, as a response to the condition of changing a foreign name into Turkish, to obtain naturalization.

Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo was held in three categories: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining. All gymnastics events were staged at the Olympic Gymnastic Centre, Tokyo in 2021.

The programme for 2020 remained unchanged from 2016, despite an application from the FIG for the admission of a new parkour based event. The application had proved contentious with specialist parkour or freerunning organisations lobbying for the sport not to be included, and to be recognized as an entirely separate sport from gymnastics.

Originally planned as a temporary venue, in 2016, the Tokyo 2020 authorities confirmed the Olympic Gymnastic Centre would become a permanent venue, functioning as a convention centre after the Games. Before its refurbishment, the venue was also expected to host the Boccia event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

There was one unbroken tie in artistic gymnastics: bronze in the women's floor final.
Aromobates
Aromobates, sometimes known as the skunk frogs, is a genus of frogs from the Andes of Venezuela and Colombia. Originally a monotypic genus consisting of the skunk frog, Aromobates nocturnus alone, it was later expanded to include Nephelobates. These frogs are difficult to differentiate from Allobates without using molecular markers.

Aromobates nocturnus
Aromobates nocturnus, the skunk frog, is a species of critically endangered frog endemic to Trujillo State in Venezuela. It is an extremely rare frog, and no sightings have been recorded since the original description in the early 1990s.
Silda Wall Spitzer
Silda Alice Wall Spitzer (born December 30, 1957) is an American businesswoman and lawyer who was the First Lady of New York from January 2007 until March 2008, when her then husband, Eliot Spitzer, was governor. She has worked in the private, nonprofit, and public sectors in the areas of green/sustainability issues, youth service/education, and human rights and women's financial and other empowerment.

Currently, she is director and principal at NewWorld Capital Group, a private equity firm investing in environmental and energy-related products and services. She is also co-founder and CEO of woman-owned New York Makers, a digital magazine and marketplace covering New York State.

First ladies and gentlemen of New York
The first ladies and gentlemen of New York is the title held by the host or hostess of the New York Executive Mansion, usually the spouse or partner of the governor of New York, concurrent with the governor's term in office. The inaugural first lady of New York was Cornelia Clinton (née Tappen), the wife of the first governor of New York, George Clinton.
Dear Canada
Dear Canada is a series of historical novels for children, published by Scholastic Canada and popular in school libraries and classrooms. Each text explores significant events in Canadian history through the eyes of a female child. First published in 2001, they are similar to the Dear America series. The series covers both familiar and little-known topics such as Home Children, the North-West Rebellion, the 1837 Rebellion, and the Ukrainian Canadian internment.

Home Children
Home Children was the child migration scheme under which more than 100,000 children were sent from the United Kingdom to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Rhodesia and South Africa. The programme was largely discontinued in Canada in the 1930s but not entirely terminated in Australia until the 1970s.

Research beginning in the 1980s exposed abuse and hardships of the relocated children. Australia apologised in 2009 for its involvement in the scheme. In February 2010, UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown made a formal apology to the families of children who suffered. Canadian Immigration Minister Jason Kenney stated in 2009 that Canada would not apologise to child migrants, preferring to "recognize that sad period" in other ways.
Robert Bero
Robert Bero (1941–2007) was an American artist and print maker. Known for his etchings and woodcuts, Bero also worked in pen and ink, crayon, pastel, pencil, water color and collage. He served on the faculties of the State Universities of New York at Potsdam and at Purchase, Ramapo College in New Jersey and Brown University in Rhode Island. A long-time resident of Tuxedo Park, New York, in 2009 the town put up an exhibition of his work at the newly restored, historic Tuxedo Park Train Station.

State University of New York at Potsdam
The State University of New York at Potsdam (SUNY Potsdam or simply Potsdam) is a public college in Potsdam, New York, United States. Founded in 1816, it is the northernmost member of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. It is composed of the College of Arts & Sciences, the School of Education and Professional Studies, and the Crane School of Music.
Temple Fortune
Temple Fortune is a place in the London Borough of Barnet to the north of Golders Green. It is principally a shopping district used by residents of the Hampstead Garden Suburb. Between here and Golders Green, at Hoop Lane are two cemeteries – Golders Green Jewish Cemetery and Golders Green Crematorium. Religious buildings include the Catholic Church of St Edward the Confessor, St. Mary & Archangel Michael Coptic Orthodox Church, and North Western Reform Synagogue (also known as Alyth Shul).

Golders Green Jewish Cemetery
Golders Green Jewish Cemetery, usually known as Hoop Lane Jewish Cemetery, is a Jewish cemetery in Golders Green, London NW11. It is maintained by a joint burial committee representing members of the West London Synagogue and the S&P Sephardi Community (the Spanish and Portuguese Jews Congregation).
Goldschmidt classification
The Goldschmidt classification,
developed by Victor Goldschmidt (1888–1947), is a geochemical classification which groups the chemical elements within the Earth according to their preferred host phases into lithophile (rock-loving), siderophile (iron-loving), chalcophile (sulfide ore-loving or chalcogen-loving), and atmophile (gas-loving) or volatile (the element, or a compound in which it occurs, is liquid or gaseous at ambient surface conditions).

Some elements have affinities to more than one phase. The main affinity is given in the table below and a discussion of each group follows that table.

Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.  Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.
Marcel Ponitka
Marcel Jakub Ponitka (born 28 August 1997) is a Polish professional basketball player who plays as both PG and SG, who most recently played for Śląsk Wrocław of the Polish Basketball League (PLK). In the Polish Basketball League PLK, Ponitka is considered the best defender, having won the title for Best Polish defender of the season 2019/2020 the Best Young Player of PLK (2017, 2018) winning the Polish Championship twice with Zastal Zielona Góra in 2016 and 2020. Ponitka won the Polish Basketball Supercup in 2020, as well as the fourth place in FIBA Europe Cup in 2021 as part of BC Parma.

Ponitka represented Poland in 2013 and 2014 in the European Championship for the Categories U16 and U18. In 2018 he made his senior Polish National Team debut at the age of 21, where he played 12 games so far, scoring a total of 49 points.

Polish Basketball Supercup
The Polish Basketball Supercup (Polish: "Superpuchar Polski w Koszykówce") is the supercup game of Polish men's top-tier level professional club basketball. Each season, the winner of the Polish League, plays against the winner of the Polish Cup, to cap off the new season. The first Polish Supercup game was played on 4 September 1999, and it was won by Śląsk Wrocław.
Cigarette Burns
"Cigarette Burns" is the eighth episode of the first season of Masters of Horror. A supernatural horror story, it features a film-within-a-film subplot. It originally aired in North America on December 16, 2005. The episode was directed by John Carpenter, while the score was composed by Carpenter's son Cody.

Fangoria placed Cigarette Burns at the top of their list of "12 Amazing Episodes of The Masters of Horror" series, describing it as "among the highest-rated episodes and a fan favorite."

Supernatural horror film
Supernatural horror film is a film genre that combines aspects of supernatural film and horror film. Supernatural occurrences in such films often include ghosts and demons, and many supernatural horror films have elements of religion. Common themes in the genre are the afterlife, the devil, and demonic possession. Not all supernatural horror films focus on religion, and they can have "more vivid and gruesome violence".
Joseph de Villèle
Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph Marie Anne Séraphin, 1st Count of Villèle (14 April 1773 – 13 March 1854), better known simply as Joseph de Villèle (/vɪˈlɛl/; French: [vilɛl]), was a French statesman who served as the Prime Minister of France from 1821 to 1828. He was a leader of the Ultra-royalist faction during the Bourbon Restoration.

Ultra-royalist
The Ultra-royalists (French: ultraroyalistes, collectively Ultras) were a French political faction from 1815 to 1830 under the Bourbon Restoration. An Ultra was usually a member of the nobility of high society who strongly supported Catholicism as the state and only legal religion of France, the Bourbon monarchy, traditional hierarchy between classes and census suffrage (privileged voting rights), while rejecting the political philosophy of popular will and the interests of the bourgeoisie along with their liberal and democratic tendencies.

The Legitimists, another of the main right-wing factions identified in René Rémond's Les Droites en France, were disparagingly classified with the Ultras after the 1830 July Revolution by the victors, the Orléanists, who deposed the Bourbon dynasty for the more liberal king Louis Philippe.
Miss Grand Laos 2025
Miss Grand Laos 2025 (Lao: ມີສແກຣນລາວ 2025) was the 6th edition of the Miss Grand Laos pageant, held at the Crowne Plaza in Vientiane on 1 August 2025. Contestants from 17 provinces of Laos competed for the title.

The contest was won by Sirisopha Phimmakaisone of Champasak, who was crowned the preceding Miss Grand Laos 2024 Souksavanh Vongsomphou. Phimmakaisone will then internationally represent Laos at Miss Grand International 2025 in Thailand on 18 October 2025.

The event was also attended by Miss Grand International 2024 CJ Opiaza of the Philippines and the vice president of Miss Grand International Teresa Chaivisut.

Provinces of Laos
Laos is divided into 17 provinces (Lao ແຂວງ, pronounced [kʰwɛ̌ːŋ], khwaeng, khoeng, qwang or khoueng) and 1 prefecture, the Vientiane capital city municipality (ນະຄອນຫຼວງ, nakhon luang, or Na Kone Luang Vientiane). The special administrative zone (ເຂດພິເສດ, khet phiset), Xaisomboun, created in 1994, was dissolved on 13 January 2006.
Spanish frigate Berenguela
Berenguela (English: Berengaria) was a screw frigate of the Spanish Navy commissioned in 1857, the first screw frigate to enter service in the Spanish Navy. She took part in the multinational intervention in Mexico in 1861–1862, several actions during the Chincha Islands War of 1865–1866, and the Spanish-Moro conflict in the early 1870s and was the first Spanish Navy ship to transit the Suez Canal. She was disarmed in 1875 and decommissioned in 1877.

Berenguela was named for Berengaria of Castile (1179 or 1180–1246), who was Queen consort of León from 1197 to 1204 and Queen of Castile from June to August 1217.

Steam frigate
Steam frigates (including screw frigates) and the smaller steam corvettes, steam sloops, steam gunboats and steam schooners were steam-powered warships that were not meant to stand in the line of battle. The first such ships were paddle steamers. Later on the invention of screw propulsion enabled construction of screw-powered versions of the traditional frigates, corvettes, sloops and gunboats.
Luna Sobrón
Luna Sobrón Galmés (born 22 May 1994) is a professional golfer from Spain and a Ladies European Tour (LET) and LPGA Tour player. She won the 2014 European Ladies Amateur and has finished runner-up on the LET twice.

European Ladies Amateur Championship
The European Ladies Amateur Championship is an annual amateur golf tournament. It is organized by the European Golf Association and is one of the "elite" tournaments recognized by the World Amateur Golf Ranking.

The championship was first played in 1986 and was called the International European Ladies Amateur Championship until 2015. There have been 33 editions contested so far, with many past winners and medallists of this championship are now members of the professional ranks.
2000 Yountville earthquake
The 2000 Yountville earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 5 on a previously unmapped fault, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south southwest of Yountville, California in the Mayacamas Mountain Range under Mount Veeder and about 9 miles (14 km) south northwest of Napa, California. It occurred at 01:36 PDT (08:36 UTC) on September 3.

Napa, California
Napa is the largest city in and the county seat of Napa County and a principal city of Wine Country in Northern California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the Bay Area, the city had a population of 76,921 as of the July, 2024. Napa is a major tourist destination in California, known for its wineries, restaurants, and arts culture.
Cranksgiving
Cranksgiving is an annual charity event where cyclists compete in an alleycat style race while purchasing food items at stops along the way.  The event is scheduled near the American Thanksgiving holiday and the food is donated to local food pantries.  The event was started in New York City in 1999 and has since spread to other cities in the United States as well as in other countries.

Alleycat race
An alleycat race is an unsanctioned bicycle race. Alley cats almost always take place in cities, and are often organized by bicycle messengers. The informality of the organization is matched by the emphasis on taking part, rather than simple competition. For instance, many alleycats present prizes for the last competitor to finish (sometimes known as Dead Fucking Last or DFL).

The first race to be called an 'alley cat' was held in Toronto on 30 October 1989 and continued, in its original form, around Halloween and Valentine's Day for the following five years. In 1993, when Toronto messengers shared Alleycat stories at the first international messenger race (C.M.W.C Berlin), the name and the concept spread globally. Regularly organized Alleycats can be found in cities across North America, Europe and Asia. Many smaller cities with no cycle messenger population are also home to alleycats run by the burgeoning urban cyclist subculture.
Leonard Beyers
Lieutenant General Leonard Beyers (22 January 1894 – 15 April 1959) was a South African soldier. Although he never saw active service in the field during the two world wars, he became Chief of the General Staff in command of the Union Defence Force in 1949. He resigned after only a short time in this position, citing the interference in military matters by Minister of Defence Frans Erasmus as the reason for his resignation.

Frans Erasmus
François Christiaan Erasmus (19 January 1896 – 1 July 1967) was a South African National Party politician and Minister of Defence from June 1948 to 1959 as well as Minister of Justice from 1959 to August 1961.
Acid catalysis
In acid catalysis and base catalysis, a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an acid or a base. By Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, the acid is the proton (hydrogen ion, H+) donor and the base is the proton acceptor. Typical reactions catalyzed by proton transfer are esterifications and aldol reactions. In these reactions, the conjugate acid of the carbonyl group is a better electrophile than the neutral carbonyl group itself. Depending on the chemical species that act as the acid or base, catalytic mechanisms can be classified as either specific catalysis and general catalysis. Many enzymes operate by general catalysis.

Aldol reaction
The aldol reaction (aldol addition) is a reaction in organic chemistry that combines two carbonyl compounds (e.g. aldehydes or ketones) to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.  Its simplest form might involve the nucleophilic addition of an enolized ketone to another:

These products are known as aldols, from the aldehyde + alcohol, a structural motif seen in many of the products. The use of aldehyde in the name comes from its history: aldehydes are more reactive than ketones, so that the reaction was discovered first with them.

The aldol reaction is paradigmatic in organic chemistry and one of the most common means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry.  It lends its name to the family of aldol reactions and similar techniques analyze a whole family of carbonyl α-substitution reactions, as well as the diketone condensations.
Llanberis railway station (Snowdon Mountain Railway)
Llanberis (SMR) railway station is the lower terminus of the Snowdon Mountain Railway, located in Llanberis, Gwynedd, Wales.

The station houses the headquarters of the tourist railway which climbs for 4.7 miles (7.6 km) from Llanberis to the summit of Snowdon, the highest peak in Wales. The station stands in the valley bottom at an altitude of (353 ft (108 m)), the summit station stands at 3,493 feet (1,065 m), 68 feet (21 metres) below the summit of the mountain.

The station opened with the railway on 6 April 1896, but closed the same day following an accident. It reopened on 9 April 1897, without mishap and has operated since, even throughout most of the Second World War, as there was military activity near the mountaintop.

The station has two platforms. The first stretch of line is uphill at 1 in 50, steep for a main line but shallow compared with the 1 in 6 incline that begins shortly afterwards. The line's engine shed and workshop are visible from the platform ends.

Llanberis
Llanberis (Welsh: [ɬanˈbɛrɪs] ⓘ) is a village, community and electoral ward in Gwynedd, northwest Wales, on the southern bank of the lake Llyn Padarn and at the foot of Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales. It is a centre for outdoor activities in Snowdonia, including walking, mountaineering, climbing, mountain biking and pony trekking, as well as water sports such as scuba diving. The community includes Nant Peris.

Llanberis takes its name from Saint Peris, an early Welsh saint. It is twinned with the Italian town of Morbegno in Lombardy.
Rachel Ward, Countess of Dudley
Rachel Ward, Countess of Dudley CBE, RRC (born Rachel Gurney; 1867 – 26 June 1920) was a British civic leader and philanthropist. She founded the Lady Dudley Nurses in Ireland and the New South Wales Bush Nursing Association in Australia. Lady Dudley lived in Ireland while her husband served as Lord Lieutenant and in Australia as the consort of the Governor-General. After her marriage ended, she set up the Australian Voluntary Hospital in France in 1914 and she was awarded the Royal Red Cross and made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (UK: /lɛfˈtɛnənt/), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1800) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922). The office, under its various names, was often more generally known as the viceroy, and his wife was known as the vicereine. The government of Ireland in practice was usually in the hands of the Lord Deputy up to the 17th century, and later of the Chief Secretary for Ireland.
Nasir Aslam Zahid
Nasir Aslam Zahid (Urdu:ناصر اسلم زاہد); Barrister-at-Law, is a Pakistani judge who served as the Chief Justice of the Sindh High Court and then a judge of the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan and Supreme Court of Pakistan.

He did his Bachelors from Government College University Lahore. He left Pakistan in 1954 to Cambridge for his further studies and came back in 1957.

He gained more honor and respect when he resigned from the Supreme Court of Pakistan instead of taking the oath of office per General Pervez Musharraf's Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO).

Federal Shariat Court
The Federal Shariat Court (FSC) is a constitutional Islamic religious court of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which has the power to examine and determine whether the laws of the country comply with Sharia law. The court was established in 1980 during the government of the President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. It is located in the federal capital, Islamabad. It hears appeals under the Hudood Ordinances, a religious legislation in the country introduced in 1979.

The Federal Shariat Court is the only authority which holds the constitutional power to prohibit and prevent the enactment of laws which are deemed to be un-Islamic by the parliament of Pakistan. It is predominantly focused on examining new or existing law of Pakistan. If a law violates the Quran, sunnah or hadith, the Shariat Court will prohibit its enactment.

The current chief justice of Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan is Hameedur Rahman.