hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Submodular set function
In mathematics, a submodular set function (also known as a submodular function) is a set function that, informally, describes the relationship between a set of inputs and an output, where adding more of one input has a decreasing additional benefit (diminishing returns). The natural diminishing returns property which makes them suitable for many applications, including approximation algorithms, game theory (as functions modeling user preferences) and electrical networks. Recently, submodular functions have also found utility in several real world problems in machine learning and artificial intelligence, including automatic summarization, multi-document summarization, feature selection, active learning, sensor placement, image collection summarization and many other domains.

Set function
In mathematics, especially measure theory, a set function is a function whose domain is a family of subsets of some given set and that (usually) takes its values in the extended real number line  which consists of the real numbers  and

A set function generally aims to measure subsets in some way. Measures are typical examples of "measuring" set functions. Therefore, the term "set function" is often used for avoiding confusion between the mathematical meaning of "measure" and its common language meaning.
Ron Blair (writer)
Ron Blair (born 1942) is an Australian writer. Among his best known works is the play The Christian Brothers. He helped establish the now defunct Nimrod Theatre in Sydney in 1970. He was also the Assistant Director of the South Australian Theatre Company from 1976 until 1978.

State Theatre Company of South Australia
The State Theatre Company of South Australia (STCSA), branded State Theatre Company South Australia, formerly the South Australian Theatre Company (SATC), is South Australia's leading professional theatre company, and a statutory corporation. It was established as the official state theatre company by the State Theatre Company of South Australia Act 1972, on the initiative of Premier Don Dunstan.

Many of the performances are staged at the Dunstan Playhouse and Space Theatre at the Adelaide Festival Centre. As of November 2024 the artistic director and co-CEO is Petra Kalive. Notable actors, writers and directors working with the company have included Patrick White, Neil Armfield, Ruth Cracknell, Andrew Bovell, Judy Davis, Gale Edwards, Mel Gibson, Geoffrey Rush, Jim Sharman, Hugo Weaving, Elena Carapetis and John Wood.
Generalized quantifier
In formal semantics, a generalized quantifier (GQ) is an expression that denotes a set of sets.  This is the standard semantics assigned to quantified noun phrases. For example, the generalized quantifier every boy  denotes the set of sets of which every boy is a member:

This treatment of quantifiers has been essential in achieving a compositional semantics for sentences containing quantifiers.

Family of sets
In set theory and related branches of mathematics, family or collection is used to mean set, indexed set, multiset, tuple, or class. It is usually used in phrases like "family of sets" because if one instead uses "set of sets" then the subsequent use of "set" can be confusing as to whether it is the containing set or one of the member sets. A common use is "family of subsets of some set S". A family of sets is also called a set family or a set system. A finite family of subsets of a finite set  is also called a hypergraph. The subject of extremal set theory concerns the largest and smallest examples of families of sets satisfying certain restrictions.
Upernavik Municipality
Upernavik Municipality was one of the municipalities of Greenland, until 31 December 2008, when it and seven other municipalities were consolidated to form the state of Qaasuitsup. The municipality was home to approximately 3,000 people, while 1,144 live in the town of Upernavik, and the remainder live in ten other settlements, including Kullorsuaq, with a population of about 400. Air Greenland operates air services to Upernavik.

Administrative divisions of Greenland
Greenland is divided into five municipalities and two unincorporated areas. The municipalities are Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Sermersooq. Northeast Greenland National Park is a huge unincorporated area that is outside the municipalities and larger than any of them. Pituffik Space Base is a small unincorporated enclave surrounded by the Avannaata municipality and administered by the United States Space Force.
Alexander the Coppersmith
Alexander the Coppersmith (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ χαλκεὺς) is a person in the New Testament, mentioned in 2 Timothy 4:14, which states, "Alexander the coppersmith did me great harm; the Lord will repay him according to his deeds."

Paul Jeon notes that Alexander "serves almost as an anti-type to Christ," who showed grace to Paul. Aída Besançon Spencer suggests that while "Demas had been a passive opponent (4:9), Alexander was an active opponent".

Some scholars identify him with the Alexander of Acts 19:33, the Alexander of 1 Timothy 1:20, (whom, along with Hymenaeus, Paul "handed over to Satan that they may learn not to blaspheme"), or both. Others suggest, however, that he is called "the coppersmith" in order to distinguish him from others of the same name.

Acts 19
Acts 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records part of the third missionary journey of Paul, focussing on his time spent in Ephesus. The author of the book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke.
Gilman School
Gilman School  is an all-boys independent, day, college preparatory school located in the Roland Park neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. There are three school divisions: Lower School, grades pre-kindergarten through five; Middle School, grades six through eight; and Upper School, grades nine through twelve. Founded in 1897 as the Country School for Boys, it was the first country day school in the US. It is named for Daniel Coit Gilman, the first president of Johns Hopkins University and an early supporter of efforts by Anne Galbraith Carey to form an all-boys day school.

Gilman enrolls approximately 1,400 students, ranging from pre-kindergarten to 12th grade, under the instruction of 146 faculty members. It is a member of the Association of Independent Maryland Schools and the Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association.

Country Day School movement
The Country Day School movement is a movement in progressive education that originated in the United States during the late 19th century. Country Day Schools sought to recreate the educational rigor, atmosphere, camaraderie and character-building aspects of the best college-prep boarding schools, while allowing students to return to their families at the end of the day. To avoid the crime, pollution and health problems of the industrial cities of the early 20th century, the schools were sited in the 'country', where wealthy families owned large homes in areas that would later be known as suburbs.
Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo
Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo (European Portuguese pronunciation: [fiˈɣɐjɾɐ ðɨ kɐʃˈtɛlu ʁuˈðɾiɣu] ⓘ) is a municipality in the District of Guarda in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,150, in an area of 508.57 km2.
Located in the Riba Coa (near the River Coa), just like other municipalities around Riba Coa, such as Almeida, Meda, Pinhel and Sabugal. Known for its castle which is a listed National monument, as well as pine-wood forests and rolling hills.

The municipality borders the frontier with Spain, formed by the Águeda River, a tributary of the Douro, which it joins at Barca D'Alva, approximately 18 km north of Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo town.

The present Mayor is Carlos Condesso, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is July 7.

Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo figures in José Saramago's 2008 novel The Elephant's Journey.

Guarda District
The District of Guarda (Portuguese: Distrito de Guarda [ˈɡwaɾðɐ] ⓘ) is located in the Centro Region of Portugal, except Vila Nova de Foz Côa, which is in the Norte Region. The district capital and most populous city is Guarda. It borders Castile and León, Spain.
Headingley and Hyde Park (ward)
Headingley and Hyde Park is an electoral ward of Leeds City Council in Leeds, West Yorkshire, covering the inner-city area of Hyde Park (traditionally known as Wrangthorn, the name still used by the Church of England) and suburb of Headingley to the north of the city centre. It was created in advance of the 2018 council election.

Leeds City Council
Leeds City Council is the local authority of the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. Leeds has had a council since 1626, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 it has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the second most populous local government district in the United Kingdom with approximately 800,000 inhabitants living within its area; only Birmingham City Council has more. Since 1 April 2014, it has been a constituent council of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2011. It meets at Leeds Civic Hall and has its main offices at Merrion House.
Igor Muradyan
Igor Muradyan (Armenian: Իգոր Մուրադյան; 29 April 1957 – 17 June 2018) was an Armenian political activist and political scientist. He was one of the earliest leaders of the Karabakh movement, along with 
Zori Balayan, Silva Kaputikyan and Viktor Hambardzumyan.

Born in Odessa, Muradyan grew up in Baku, where many Armenians lived during the Soviet period. He finished the Plekhanov Institute of National Economy in Moscow. According to Thomas de Waal, "Muradian was a Soviet insider. He worked as an economist in the state planning agency Gosplan in Yerevan and had good connections among Party cadres."

Muradyan was later critical of the Nagorno-Karabakh authorities, calling the unrecognised Nagorno-Karabakh Republic "a failed experiment" and criticising its authorities for not being able to come up with a clear strategy for its existence and arguing for Nagorno-Karabakh's incorporation into Armenia.

Zori Balayan
Zori Hayki Balayan (Armenian: Զորի Հայկի Բալայան, born February 10, 1935) is an Armenian novelist, journalist, sports doctor, traveler and sports expert. He was awarded the "Renowned master of the Arts" an Armenian official title.
Shasta, California
Shasta is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States. Shasta sits at an elevation of 843 feet (257 m). Its population is 1,043 as of the 2020 census, down from 1,771 from the 2010 census.

Shasta State Historic Park located at Shasta is a ghost town and California State Historic Park.

Shasta County, California
Shasta County (/ˈʃæstə/ ⓘ), officially the County of Shasta, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 182,155 as of the 2020 census, up from 177,223 recorded in 2010. The county seat is Redding. The county is bordered by Modoc County, Lassen County, Siskiyou County, Plumas County, Tehama County and Trinity County.

Shasta County comprises the Redding, California metropolitan statistical area. The county occupies the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, with portions extending into the southern reaches of the Cascade Range. Points of interest in Shasta County include Shasta Lake, Lassen Peak, and the Sundial Bridge.
Sahil Anand
Sahil Anand (born 1 January 1985) is an Indian  actor known for starring in the films Student of the Year part 1 & 2 and Babloo Happy Hai, Banned webseries on Voot Select and television series Kasautii Zindagii Kay. He debuted his career with the reality show MTV Roadies 4 and was also part of Bigg Boss 10 as a celebrity contestant. He has done around 60 TV commercials and 3 music videos.

MTV Roadies
MTV Roadies is an Indian reality television series. It premiered on 15 August 2003 on MTV India and is also digitally available on JioHotstar.

Following the auditions, a group of contestants travel to different destinations and participate in various tasks that challenge their physical, social and mental strength.
Macau Customs Service
The Macau Customs Service (MCS, also known as Customs of Macao Special Administrative Region) is the official customs agency of the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. It is responsible for enforcing customs law, preventing smuggling, supervising cross-border trade, and cooperating in regional and international customs matters.

The agency operates under the jurisdiction of the Macau Secretariat for Security and is headed by the Director-General of Customs. It maintains checkpoints at Macau’s land borders, maritime ports, and airport, including the Border Gate, Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal, Macau International Airport, and the Macau Port Area of Hengqin Port.

The current structure of the Macau Customs Service was formally established on 20 December 2001, following the reorganization of border and customs services after the handover of Macau from Portugal to the People’s Republic of China in 1999.

Macau International Airport
Macau International Airport (IATA: MFM, ICAO: VMMC) is an international airport in the special administrative region of Macau, situated at the eastern end of Taipa island and neighbouring waters. It opened for commercial operations on 9 November 1995, during Portuguese administration of the region.

Since its opening, the airport has been a common transfer point for people traveling between mainland China and Taiwan, as well as a passenger hub for destinations in mainland China and Southeast Asia. During 2006, the airport handled 5 million passengers and 220,000 tonnes of cargo. In 2017 the number of passengers had increased to 7,165,803, which is more than the 6 million passengers per year the terminal was originally designed for.
Fred Pedersen
Fred Pedersen is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut in the 2025 Nunavut general election. He represents the electoral district of Cambridge Bay.

Pedersen, son of Lena and Red Pedersen, had taken a leave of absence from his position as Executive Director of the Kitkmeot Inuit Association.

Lena Pedersen
Lena (Elizabeth Magdalena) Pedersen or Lena Pederson (born 1940, Greenland) is a Inuk politician and social worker from Nunavut, Canada. In 1959, she moved from Greenland to the Northwest Territories and lived in Coppermine (Kugluktuk), Pangnirtung and Rae (Behchokǫ̀) before moving to Cape Dorset (Kinngait) where she participated in the artwork sales of the West Baffin Eskimo Cooperative.
2003 Speedway Grand Prix of Slovenia
The 2003 Speedway Grand Prix of Slovenia was the fifth round of the 2003 Speedway Grand Prix season (the world championship). It took place on 12 July 2003 at the Matija Gubec Stadium in Krško, Slovenia.

It was the second time that the Speedway Grand Prix of Slovenia had been held.

The Grand Prix was by the Australian rider Leigh Adams (his 2nd career Grand Prix win).

Leigh Adams
Leigh Scott Adams (born 28 April 1971 in Mildura, Victoria) is an Australian former motorcycle speedway rider. He is a multiple Speedway Grand Prix winner and World Team Champion. He also won a record ten Australian individual championships, four Australian Under-21 Championships and the 1992 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship.
Life's Hard and Then You Die
Life's Hard and Then You Die is the debut album by the British band It's Immaterial, released in September 1986. The album was released several months after the single "Driving Away from Home (Jim's Tune)" reached the top twenty on the UK Singles Chart, and spent three weeks on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at number 62.

The album's lead single "Ed's Funky Diner" had been initially released in October 1985, although it failed to chart. It was re-released in 1986 after the success of "Driving Away from Home", although again failed to make the top 40, peaking at No. 65.

It's Immaterial
It's Immaterial are an English indie pop band from Liverpool, England, formed in 1980. They are best known for their 1986 single "Driving Away from Home (Jim's Tune)", which reached number 18 on the UK Singles Chart.
London Roar
London Roar is a professional swimming club based in London and one of the first clubs of the International Swimming League (ISL) to be formed. It was formed in March 2019, with an international roster of swimmers including Adam Peaty who was among the first to support the formation of ISL independent of FINA. It is run by its general manager Rob Woodhouse. London hosted the sixth of the seven meets in ISL's inaugural season in 2019. The team finished second in 2019 and third in 2020.

Rob Woodhouse
Robert Woodhouse (born 23 June 1966) is an Australian former competition swimmer who specialised in medley swimming. He is now a sports agent and company director.  Woodhouse and Brendon Smith are the only Australian men to have won an Olympic medal in an individual medley event. He was awarded the Australian Sports Medal in 2000.
Revenge of the Mummy
Revenge of the Mummy, officially named Revenge of the Mummy: The Ride, is an enclosed roller coaster located at Universal Studios Florida, Universal Studios Hollywood, and Universal Studios Singapore. It is themed to The Mummy film franchise, and the ride features linear induction motors (LIMs) that launch riders to a maximum speed of 40 mph (64 km/h) in a matter of seconds. The Florida and Singapore locations have the same track layout, although each location offers a slightly different virtual experience. Manufactured by Premier Rides, the attractions feature track switches installed by Dynamic Structures. Universal Creative and ITEC Entertainment Corporation created the theme at each location, with Adirondack Studios responsible for several of the unique elements implemented at the Singapore location.

Indoor roller coaster
An indoor roller coaster or enclosed roller coaster is a roller coaster built inside a structure. The structure may be unrelated to the ride, or it may be intended solely or primarily for the ride. Many indoor coasters are custom made and placed in amusement parks or shopping malls. LaMarcus Adna Thompson, who pioneered the construction of the first simple roller coasters, initially built "scenic railway" rides including "indoor tableaux, panoramas, and biblical scenes illumined by car-tripped switches and flood lamps". The first known "completely enclosed roller coaster", called Twister, was built in 1926. Walt Disney World's Space Mountain was one of the first rides considered to be an indoor roller coaster, and was "the first indoor roller coaster where riders were in total darkness for the length of the ride so they couldn't tell where the drops or turns would occur".
1983 Spanish local elections
The 1983 Spanish local elections were held on Sunday, 8 May 1983, to elect all 67,505 councillors in the 7,781 municipalities of Spain and all 1,024 seats in 38 provincial deputations. They were held concurrently with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities, as well as local elections in the three foral deputations of the Basque Country and the ten island councils in the Balearic and Canary Islands.

People's Coalition (Spain)
The People's Coalition (Spanish: Coalición Popular) was a Spanish political coalition comprising national and regional right-wing parties to contest various general, regional and municipal elections between 1983 and 1987.
Hamlin High School
Hamlin Collegiate High School is a public high school located in Hamlin, Texas, United States and is part of the Hamlin Collegiate ISD located in far northwest Jones County. Partnering with Collegiate Edu-Nation in early 2019, Hamlin CISD was transformed into a collegiate district where students can receive industry certifications, associate's degrees, and innovative bachelor’s degrees all from Hamlin, at no cost to the students.

Hamlin Collegiate Independent School District
Hamlin Collegiate Independent School District is a public school district based in Hamlin, Texas (USA).

Located in Jones County, small portions of the district extend into Fisher and Stonewall counties.

The school mascot is the Pied Piper, due to the town having a similar name to Hamelin, where the legend of The Pied Piper of Hamelin originated.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
Spellemannprisen
Spellemannprisen is a Norwegian music award ceremony presented by IFPI Norge and FONO. It was first awarded in 1973 for the recording year 1972, and has been awarded every year since. It is the most significant award that a group or artist can receive in Norwegian music. The award ceremony is organized by the Spellemann Committee, which is appointed by IFPI Norge and FONO.

The annual ceremony features performances by prominent artists. The awards are presented in a widely viewed broadcast ceremony. The awards are the Norwegian equivalent to the Grammy Awards for music, and it is one of the major awards in Norway along with the Gullruten for television, Amandaprisen for motion pictures, and Heddaprisen for stage performances.

Donkeyboy
Donkeyboy (occasionally stylised as donkeyboy) is a synthpop band from Drammen, Norway, formed in 2005. The band consists of Cato Sundberg (vocals, rhythm guitar), Kent Sundberg (synth, vocals), Peter Michelsen (guitar, backing vocals) and Thomas Drabløs (drums)
Come Fly with Me (film)
Come Fly with Me is a 1963 British Jet Age romantic comedy film directed by Henry Levin and released by MGM.  Featuring an ensemble cast of Dolores Hart, Hugh O'Brian, Karlheinz Böhm, Pamela Tiffin, Karl Malden, and Lois Nettleton, it is based on Bernard Glemser's 1960 chick-lit novel Girl on a Wing, which was published again in 1969 under the title The Fly Girls.  It follows three young international air hostesses looking for romance and excitement, weaving abundant soap opera elements into its tale of opportunity for glamorous travel and adventures with men that came with being an airline hostess.

It was the last feature film of Dolores Hart.

Henry Levin (director)
Henry Levin (5 June 1909 – 1 May 1980) was an American film director. He directed over 50 feature films between 1944 and 1980, with his best known works including Jolson Sings Again (1949), Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959) and Where the Boys Are (1960).
Tony Pesznecker
Tony Peszneker (born February 11, 1958) is a former Canadian professional soccer player.

Peszneker played professionally for both the Minnesota Kicks of the North American Soccer League and the Minnesota Thunder of the USL.  He also played for the Edmonton Eagles and Edmonton Brick Men in professional outdoor leagues and Wichita Wings and Memphis Storm in professional indoor leagues.  Peszneker was inducted into the Thunder Hall of Fame in 1996.  Currently, he is the girls soccer coach at Wayzata High School in Wayzata, Minnesota, where he was named one of the National Soccer Coaches Association of America coaches of the year in 2003 and recently got his 500th win.

Minnesota Thunder
Minnesota Thunder was an American professional soccer team based in Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1990, the team played in the USL First Division (USL-1), the second tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2009.

The team played its home games at the National Sports Center in nearby Blaine, Minnesota for its final two seasons. The team's colors were navy blue, light blue, silver, and white.

The team had a development team, Rochester Thunder, which independently played in USL Premier Development League for another season after the Thunder folded, and a sister organization, the Minnesota Lightning, which played in the women's USL W-League.