hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William John Virgin
William John Virgin (16 December 1905 – 18 October 1997) was a serving Major in the former Indian Medical Service in British India. He was the first Principal of Dhaka Medical College. Virgin was born in Toronto, Canada on 16 December 1905. He served primarily in India and, after its formation, Bangladesh.

Indian Medical Service
The Indian Medical Service (IMS) was a military medical service in British India, which also had some civilian functions. Originating during the East India Company's period of rule, it was organised into a single unified service in 1896, served during the two World Wars, and remained in existence until the independence of India in 1947.

Many of its officers, who were both British and Indian, served in civilian hospitals. Among its notable ranks, the IMS had Sir Ronald Ross, a Nobel Prize winner, Sir Benjamin Franklin, later honorary physician to three British monarchs and Henry Vandyke Carter, best known for his illustrations in the anatomy textbook Gray's Anatomy.
John's vision of the Son of Man
John's vision of the Son of Man, also known as John’s Vision of Christ, is a vision described in the Book of Revelation (Revelation 1:9–20) in which the author, identified as John, sees a person he describes as one "like the Son of Man" (verse 13). The Son of Man is portrayed in this vision as having a robe with a golden sash, the hair on his head was white like wool, as white as snow, and his eyes were like blazing fire. His feet were like bronze glowing in a furnace, and his voice was like the sound of rushing waters. He holds seven stars in his right hand and has a double-edged sword coming out of his mouth. The vision has the only known description of the Son of Man in terms of identifiable physical characteristics in any form in the Christian biblical canon.

John of Patmos
John of Patmos (also called John the Revelator, John the Divine, John the Theologian; Ancient Greek: Ἰωάννης ὁ Θεολόγος, romanized: Iōannēs ho Theologos) is the name traditionally given to the author of the Book of Revelation. Revelation 1:9 states that John was on Patmos, an Aegean island off the coast of Roman Asia, where according to some biblical historians, he was exiled as a result of anti-Christian persecution under the Roman emperor Domitian.

Christian tradition has considered the Book of Revelation's writer to be the same person as John the Apostle, though some Christian scholars since medieval times have separated the disciple from the writer of Revelation. A minority of ancient clerics and scholars, such as Eusebius (d. 339/340), recognize at least one further John as a companion of Jesus, John the Presbyter.
2024 United States Senate election in Connecticut
The 2024 United States Senate election in Connecticut was held on November 5, 2024, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of Connecticut. Primary elections took place on August 13, 2024. Incumbent Democratic Senator Chris Murphy won re-election to a third term with 58.58% of the vote in a rematch with his 2018 opponent Matthew Corey. This was the first Senate election that Murphy did not carry Windham County.

2018 United States Senate election in Connecticut
The 2018 United States Senate election in Connecticut took place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Connecticut. Incumbent Democrat Chris Murphy sought and won reelection to a second term.

The primary election was held on August 14, 2018, following a June 12 candidate filing deadline. In the November 6, 2018 general election, incumbent Chris Murphy defeated Republican nominee Matthew Corey with over 59% of the vote. Despite this, Corey was the first Republican since 1926 to win the town of Sprague.
Stuart Candy
Stuart Candy is an Australian futurist and designer. Candy is a Fellow of the World Futures Studies Federation, Museum of Tomorrow. He is the first Research Fellow of The Long Now Foundation. His work deals with futurism and designing experiential futures through immersive storytelling.

Long Now Foundation
The Long Now Foundation, established in 1996, is an American non-profit organization based in San Francisco that seeks to start and promote a long-term cultural institution. It aims to provide a counterpoint to what it views as today's "faster/cheaper" mindset and to promote "slower/better" thinking. The Long Now Foundation hopes to "creatively foster responsibility" in the framework of the next 10,000 years. In a manner somewhat similar to the Holocene calendar, the foundation uses 5-digit dates to address the Year 10,000 problem (e.g., by writing the current year "02026" rather than "2026"). The organization's logo is X, a capital X with an overline, a representation of 10,000 in Roman numerals.
Jidda Island
Jidda Islands (Arabic: جزيرة جدة) are a group of three small uninhabited islets in Bahrain, lying to the west of Bahrain Island and just north of Umm an Nasan in the Persian Gulf. They are 17.5 km (10.9 mi) west of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island.

Bahrain Island
Bahrain Island (Arabic: جزيرة البحرين Jazīrah al-Baḥrayn), also known as Awal Island and formerly as Bahrein, is the largest island within the archipelago of Bahrain, and forms the bulk of the country's land mass while hosting the majority of its population.
Calc-alkaline magma series
The calc-alkaline magma series is one of two main subdivisions of the subalkaline magma series, the other subalkaline magma series being the tholeiitic series. A magma series is a series of compositions that describes the evolution of a mafic magma, which is high in magnesium and iron and produces basalt or gabbro, as it fractionally crystallizes to become a felsic magma, which is low in magnesium and iron and produces rhyolite or granite. Calc-alkaline rocks are rich in alkaline earths (magnesia and calcium oxide) and alkali metals and make up a major part of the crust of the continents.

The diverse rock types in the calc-alkaline series include volcanic types such as basalt, andesite, dacite, rhyolite, and also their coarser-grained intrusive equivalents (gabbro, diorite, granodiorite, and granite). They do not include silica-undersaturated, alkalic, or peralkaline rocks.

Fractional crystallization (geology)
Fractional crystallization, or crystal fractionation, is one of the most important geochemical and physical processes operating within crust and mantle of a rocky planetary body, such as the Earth. It is important in the formation of igneous rocks because it is one of the main processes of magmatic differentiation. Fractional crystallization is also important in the formation of sedimentary evaporite rocks.
Melbourne Ice (women)
The Melbourne Ice is an Australian amateur ice hockey team from Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 2005, the Ice have been a member of the Australian Women's Ice Hockey League (AWIHL) since inception in 2007. The Ice are based at the O'Brien Icehouse, located in the Docklands precinct of Melbourne. The team has won nine Joan McKowen trophies and are five time league premiers, making them the most successful national ice hockey team in Australia.

Icehouse (arena)
The Icehouse (also currently known as O'Brien Icehouse due to naming rights) is an Australian ice sports and entertainment centre, located in the Docklands precinct of Melbourne, in Victoria, Australia.
William Voisey
William Voisey DCM MM (19 November 1891 – 19 October 1964) was an English professional footballer who played as a wing half for Millwall in the Football League and later managed the club during the Second World War. He managed the Great Britain team at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was nicknamed 'Banger'.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
Sherwood railway station, Perth
Sherwood railway station is a suburban railway station in Armadale, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It is on the Armadale line which is part of the Transperth network, and is 28.6 kilometres (17.8 mi) southwest of Perth station and 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) north of Armadale station. The station opened in 1973 as Kingsley, but was renamed to Sherwood in 1989. It consists of two side platforms with a pedestrian level crossing. It is not fully accessible due to steep ramps, wide gaps at the pedestrian level crossing, and wide gaps between the platform and train. Services are operated by Transperth Train Operations, a division of the state government's Public Transport Authority. The station was temporarily closed for 18 months from November 2023 to allow upgrade works on the Armadale Line to take place. It reopened in October 2025.

Perth railway station
Perth railway station is the largest station on the Transperth network, serving the central business district of Perth, Western Australia. It serves as an interchange between the Airport, Armadale, Ellenbrook, Fremantle, Midland, and Thornlie–Cockburn lines as well as Transwa's Australind service. It is also directly connected to Perth Underground railway station, which has the Yanchep and Mandurah lines.
Thornbury Athletic FC
The Thornbury Athletic Football Club is an Australian semi-professional soccer club based in the Melbourne suburb of Reservoir, operating under license from Football Victoria. With its senior men's squad currently competing in the northern conference of Victorian State League Division 4, the club was established by members of the Melbourne's Italian community in 2014.

Victorian State League
The Victorian State League (VSL), known as the VETO Sports State League for sponsorship reasons, is an Australian soccer league based in Victoria. It is administered by Football Victoria, covering the fourth-to-eighth-highest tiers in the Victorian soccer league system (and the fifth-to-ninth-highest nationally).

As of 2026, it consists of seven divisions (separated by two zones, North/West and South/East). Each division would have 24 teams, with 12 in each division. Mazenod FC would withdraw from the VETO State League 1 South/East on the 23rd of January 2026 leaving the State League 1 with only 23 teams. Clubs promoted from VSL 1 enter the Victorian Premier League (VPL). There is no relegation from the State League 7.
South Kirkby Colliery F.C.
South Kirkby Colliery Football Club was a football club based in South Kirkby, West Yorkshire, England. The team played in the Sheffield & Hallamshire County Senior League Premier Division, the eleventh tier of the English football league system. Formed as South Kirkby the club were later adopted by the nearby colliery and eventually changed their name to South Kirkby Colliery.

In 1929-30 and 1940-41 the club won the Sheffield & Hallamshire Senior Cup, the oldest county cup in England. They are former members of the Yorkshire Football League and have played in the FA Cup on numerous occasions.

The club play at the Miners Welfare Ground, Millar's Walk, South Kirkby.

Sheffield & Hallamshire County Senior Football League
The Sheffield & Hallamshire County Senior Football League is an English football league that was founded in 1983 by the merger of the former Sheffield Association League and Hatchard League. The league has three divisions – the Premier Division (which stands at level 11 of the English football league system), Division One and Division Two.

Member clubs are usually affiliated with the Sheffield & Hallamshire FA, which covers almost all of South Yorkshire, and outlying areas of West Yorkshire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire.
Decennial Air Cruise
The Decennial Air Cruise (Italian: Crociera aerea del Decennale) was a mass transatlantic flight from Orbetello, Italy, to  the Century of Progress International Exposition, Chicago, Illinois. The expedition, organized by the Italian Regia Aeronautica, began on July 1, 1933, and ended on August 12 of the same year. It consisted of 25 Savoia-Marchetti S.55X seaplanes crossing the Atlantic Ocean in formation, forming the greatest mass flight in aviation history. The Italian squadrons, led by General Italo Balbo, were welcomed enthusiastically in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Iceland, Canada, and particularly in the United States of America, where they became known as the Italian Air Armada. A publicity success for Italy, Balbo further viewed the expedition as a pioneering step towards commercial flights across the Atlantic.

Transatlantic flight
A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa, South Asia, or the Middle East to North America, South America, or vice versa. Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, balloons and other aircraft.

Early aircraft engines had neither the reliability nor the power to lift the required fuel to make a transatlantic flight. There were difficulties navigating over the featureless expanse of water for thousands of kilometres, and the weather, especially in the North Atlantic, is unpredictable. Since the middle of the 20th century, however, transatlantic flight has become routine, for commercial, military, diplomatic, and other purposes.
Płonna, Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Płonna [ˈpwɔnːa] is a village in eastern Lesser Poland in the Lesser Beskid mountains, Bukowsko rural commune, located near the towns of Medzilaborce and Palota (in northeastern Slovakia).

Płonna is about 10 mi (16 km) from Sanok in south-eastern Poland. It is situated below the main watershed at the foot of the Słonne Mountain, and has an elevation of 340 m (1,115 ft). Since 1999 it is situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship (province); previously in Krosno Voivodship (1975–1998) and Sanok district, (10 mi (16 km) east of Sanok), parish Bukowsko.

Bukowsko
Bukowsko (Polish: [buˈkɔfskɔ]) is a village in Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland. It lies in the Bukowsko Upland mountains. During the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth it was in Lesser Poland prowincja.
Möbius–Kantor polygon
In geometry, the Möbius–Kantor polygon is a regular complex polygon 3{3}3, , in . 3{3}3 has 8 vertices, and 8 edges. It is self-dual. Every vertex is shared by 3 triangular edges. Coxeter named it a Möbius–Kantor polygon for sharing the complex configuration structure as the Möbius–Kantor configuration, (83).

Discovered by G.C. Shephard in 1952, he represented it as 3(24)3, with its symmetry, Coxeter called as 3[3]3, isomorphic to the binary tetrahedral group, order 24.

Configuration (polytope)
In geometry, H. S. M. Coxeter called a regular polytope a special kind of configuration.

Other configurations in geometry are something different. These polytope configurations may be more accurately called incidence matrices, where like elements are collected together in rows and columns. Regular polytopes will have one row and column per k-face element, while other polytopes will have one row and column for each k-face type by their symmetry classes. A polytope with no symmetry will have one row and column for every element, and the matrix will be filled with 0 if the elements are not connected, and 1 if they are connected. Elements of the same k will not be connected and will have a "*" table entry.

Every polytope, and abstract polytope has a Hasse diagram expressing these connectivities, which can be systematically described with an incidence matrix.
Washington State Route 211
State Route 211 (SR 211) is a Washington state highway located in Pend Oreille County. The 15.18-mile (24.43 km) long route that begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 2 (US 2) east of Diamond Lake. The highway extends north to end at SR 20 in Usk, a small community south of Cusick. The roadway serves as a bypass of Newport. The route originally was established as Secondary State Highway 6B (SSH 6B) in 1937. SSH 6B was later renumbered to SR 311 in 1964 during the highway renumbering. After SR 20 was extended east over SR 31, the highway was renumbered to SR 211.

1964 state highway renumbering (Washington)
The 1964 state highway renumbering was a reorganization of state highways in the U.S. state of Washington. The new system, based on sign routes (SR, later changed to state routes), replaced the primary and secondary highway system implemented in 1937. It was first signed in January 1964 and codified into the Revised Code of Washington in 1970.
Whithorn railway station
Whithorn is the closed terminus of the Wigtownshire Railway branch, from Newton Stewart, of the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway.  It served the town of Whithorn in Wigtownshire.  The line was closed to passenger services in 1950, and to goods in 1964.

Newton Stewart railway station
Newton Stewart railway station served the town of Newton Stewart, in the historic county of Wigtownshire in the administrative area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland from 1861 to 1965 on the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway.
Thma Bay Kaek
Thma Bay Kaek (Khmer: ប្រាសាទថ្មបាយក្អែក) is located at Angkor in Cambodia. It consists of the ruins of a square brick tower facing east and is preceded by a laterite terrace. This is all that remains of this temple which must be one of many that originally surrounded the Bakheng. 
A sacred treasure consisting of five gold leaves arranged in a quincunx, the central leaf of which carried the image of Nandi, was found here.

Phnom Bakheng
Phnom Bakheng (Khmer: ភ្នំបាខែង [pʰnom baːkʰaeŋ]) is a Hindu temple in the form of a temple mountain in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia. Dedicated to Shiva, it was built at the end of the 9th century, during the reign of King Yasovarman (889–910). Located atop a hill, it is nowadays a popular tourist spot for sunset views of the much bigger temple Angkor Wat, which lies amid the jungle about 1.5 km to the southeast. The large number of visitors makes Phnom Bakheng one of the most threatened monuments of Angkor. Since 2004, the World Monuments Fund has been working to conserve the temple in partnership with APSARA.
Battle of Tripoli (1137)
The Battle of Tripoli was a military engagement between the Burids of Damascus and the Crusader County of Tripoli. The Crusaders were badly defeated by the Turks, who captured and executed Pons, Count of Tripoli.

County of Tripoli
The County of Tripoli (1102–1289) was one of the Crusader states. It was founded in the Levant in the modern-day region of Tripoli, northern Lebanon and parts of western Syria.
When the Frankish Crusaders, mostly southern French forces – captured the region in 1109, Bertrand of Toulouse became the first count of Tripoli as a vassal of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem. From that time on, the rule of the county was decided not strictly by inheritance but by factors such as military force (external and civil war), favour and negotiation. In 1289, the County of Tripoli fell to the Muslim Mamluks of Cairo under Sultan Qalawun, and the county was absorbed into Mamluk Sultanate.
Chhatrapal Singh Gangwar
Chhatrapal Singh, also known as Chhatrapal Singh Gangwar (Hindi pronunciation: [t͡ʃʰət̪ɾəpaːl sɪŋgʱ gə̃gʋaːɾ]), is an Indian politician currently serving as Member of Parliament in Lok Sabha, and former minister of state for revenue of Uttar Pradesh. He was a member of the Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh. He represented the Baheri Assembly constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (Seventeenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 19 March 2017 as a result of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2017 held from 11 February to 8 March 2017. The Legislative Assembly had total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member, Dr. Denzil J. Godin).

The term of the 17th assembly was from 19 March 2017 to 12 March 2022.
The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse
The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse, first published in 2001, is a novel by author Louise Erdrich. The novel tells the story of Agnes DeWitt as Father Damien, the reverend who becomes part of the reservation community. Erdrich's narration alternates between Agnes’ early 20th-century memories and a series of interviews set in 1996 wherein another priest questions Damien about the possible canonization of Pauline Puyat.

Like the other works in the Love Medicine series, Last Report centers the lives of Anishinaabe families who live on a fictional reservation presumed to be in North Dakota. The preceding novel, Tales of Burning Love, also features Pauline Puyat as Sister Leopolda, but the events in Last Report connect most strongly to Erdrich's novel Tracks.

Tracks (novel)
Tracks is a novel by Louise Erdrich, published in 1988. It is the third in a tetralogy of novels beginning with Love Medicine that explores the interrelated lives of four Anishinaabe families living on an Indian reservation near the fictional town of Argus, North Dakota. Within the saga, Tracks is earliest chronologically, providing the back-story of several characters such as Lulu Lamartine and Marie Kashpaw who become prominent in the other novels. As in many of her other novels, Erdrich employs the use of multiple first-person narratives to relate the events of the plot, alternating between Nanapush, a tribal patriarch, and Pauline, a young girl of mixed heritage.
Criticism of welfare
The modern welfare state has been criticized on economic and moral grounds from all ends of the political spectrum. Many have argued that the provision of tax-funded services or transfer payments reduces the incentive for workers to seek employment, thereby reducing the need to work, reducing the rewards of work and exacerbating poverty. On the other hand, socialists typically criticize the welfare state as championed by social democrats as an attempt to legitimize and strengthen the capitalist economic system which conflicts with the socialist goal of replacing capitalism with a socialist economic system.

Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)
In Karl Marx's critique of political economy and subsequent Marxian analyses, the capitalist mode of production (German: Produktionsweise) refers to the systems of organizing production and distribution within capitalist societies. Private money-making in various forms (renting, banking, merchant trade, production for profit and so on) preceded the development of the capitalist mode of production as such. The capitalist mode of production proper, based on wage-labour and private ownership of the means of production and on industrial technology, began to grow rapidly in Western Europe from the Industrial Revolution, later extending to most of the world.

The capitalist mode of production is characterized by private ownership of the means of production, extraction of surplus value by the owning class for the purpose of capital accumulation, wage-based labour and—at least as far as commodities are concerned—being market-based.