hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Volkswagen ID.3
The Volkswagen ID.3 is a battery electric small family car (C-segment) produced by Volkswagen since 2019. It is the first production car to utilize the MEB platform, and the first model of the ID. series. It was unveiled on 9 September 2019 at the Frankfurt Motor Show, after being first shown as the I.D. concept car at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. Deliveries to retail customers began in Germany in September 2020.

Volkswagen ID. series
The Volkswagen ID. series is a family of battery and range extender electric cars from Volkswagen (VW) using its MEB platform that is developed by the Volkswagen Group for a range of vehicles.

Deliveries began in late 2020. By November 2022, half a million vehicles had been delivered.
Flavored liquor
Flavored liquors (also called infused liquors) are liquors that have added flavoring and, in some cases, a small amount of added sugar. They are distinct from liqueurs in that liqueurs have a high sugar content and may also contain glycerine.

Flavored liquors may have a base of vodka or white rum, both of which have little taste of their own, or they may have a tequila or brandy base. Typically, a fruit extract is added to the base spirit.

Brandy
Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of ageing, and some are produced using a combination of ageing and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are Cognac and Armagnac from southwestern France.

In a broader sense, the term brandy also denotes liquors obtained from the distillation of pomace (yielding pomace brandy), or mash or wine of any other fruit (fruit brandy). These products are also called eau de vie (literally "water of life" in French).
Achim Medovich
Aćim Medović (Polish: Joachim Medowic; Podvizov, Austrian Empire, today Poland, 15 May 1815 – Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, 11 May 1893) was a physician and writer, the first president of the Serbian Medical Association, secretary of the medical department in the Guardianship of Internal Affairs, a physician of Pozarevac district and professor of forensic medicine at the Velika škola in Belgrade.

Požarevac
Požarevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Пожаревац, pronounced [pǒʒarevats]) is a city and the administrative centre of the Braničevo District in eastern Serbia. It is located between three rivers: Danube, Great Morava and Mlava and below the hill Čačalica (208m). As of 2022, the city has a population of 42,530 while the city administrative area has 68,648 inhabitants.
Morisi Kvitelashvili
Morisi Mikhailovich Kvitelashvili (Georgian: მორის ყვითელაშვილი, pronounced [moɾis qʼʷitʰelaʃʷili]; Russian: Морис Михайлович Квителашвили, born 17 March 1995) is a retired Russian-Georgian figure skater who represented Georgia. He is the 2020 European bronze medalist, a three-time Rostelecom Cup medalist (including gold in 2021), a five-time Challenger series medalist (including gold at the 2017 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb), and the 2018 Georgian national champion.

Representing Russia, Kvitelashvili is the 2015 CS Mordovian Ornament bronze medalist. On the junior level, he is the 2013 JGP Czech Republic bronze medalist and the 2014 Russian junior national bronze medalist.

Kvitelashvili placed 24th at the 2018 Winter Olympics and progressed to 10th place at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

2015 CS Mordovian Ornament
The 2015 Mordovian Ornament was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2015–16 season. A part of the 2015–16 ISU Challenger Series, the 1st edition of the annual event were held on 15–18 October 2015 at the Palace of Sports in Saransk, Russia. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
Dhvani Bhanushali
Dhvani Bhanushali (born 22 March 1998) is an Indian pop singer and actress. Born in Mumbai, she gained popularity with her single Vaaste in 2019 which has crossed 1.7 billion views on YouTube, making her the youngest and fastest Indian pop star to hit 1 billion views on YouTube. She started her music career in 2017 by singing acoustic version song Humsafar from Badrinath Ki Dulhania. Her first song in the film was Ishtehaar from the film Welcome To New York, released in 2018. In the same year she starred in the music video "Ishare Tere" with Guru Randhawa and "Dilbar" from Satyameva Jayate which was an instant hit.

Guru Randhawa
Gursharanjot Singh "Guru" Randhawa (born 30 August 1991) is an Indian singer, songwriter and music composer associated with Punjabi, Bhangra, Indi-pop and Bollywood music. He is known for his songs "Lahore", "Ishare Tere", "Slowly Slowly", and "Tere Te". Guru Randhawa's debut song was "Same Girl" in collaboration with Arjun.
Chloroplast capture
Chloroplast capture is an evolutionary process through which inter-species hybridization and subsequent backcrosses yield a plant with new genetic combination of nuclear and chloroplast genomes. For instance:

1) species A's (having chloroplast genome a and nuclear genome AA) pollen  hybridizes to species B's (b and BB) ovule, yielding the 1st hybrid (F1) with chloroplast genome b and nuclear genome A (50%) and B (50%);

2) species A's pollen hybridizes (backcross) to F1's ovule, yielding the 2nd hybrid (F2) with chloroplast genome b and nuclear genome A (75%) and B (25%);

3) species A's pollen again backcrosses to F2's ovule, yielding the 3rd hybrid (F3) with chloroplast genome b and nuclear genome A (87.5%) and B (12.5%);

4) after further backcross generations, a plant is obtained with the new genetic combination (chloroplast genome b and nuclear genome AA).

Backcrossing
Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, to achieve offspring with a genetic identity closer to that of the parent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding, and  production of gene knockout organisms.

Backcrossed hybrids are sometimes described with acronym "BC"; for example, an F1 hybrid crossed with one of its parents (or a genetically similar individual) can be termed a BC1 hybrid, and a further cross of the BC1 hybrid to the same parent (or a genetically similar individual) produces a BC2 hybrid.
Tang Guan Seng
Tang Guan Seng (Chinese: 陈原生) is a Singaporean politician. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was a Member of the Parliament representing Khe Bong Constituency from 1984 to 1988, Hougang Single Member Constituency from 1988 to 1991 and Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency representing Ang Mo Kio division from 1997 to 2001.

Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency
The Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency is a five-member group representation constituency (GRC) in north-eastern Singapore. It has five divisions: Ang Mo Kio–Hougang, Buangkok–Fernvale South, Cheng San, Seletar–Serangoon and Teck Ghee, managed by Ang Mo Kio Town Council. The current Members of Parliament (MPs) for the constituency are Darryl David, Nadia Ahmad Samdin, Jasmin Lau, Victor Lye and Lee Hsien Loong from the governing People's Action Party (PAP).
Varlar Castle
Varlar Castle (previously known as Varlar Abbey) is located in the Varlar farming community in the municipality of Rosendahl, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Before it was used as a princely residence, it was a Premonstratensian monastery in Münsterland founded by the Counts of Cappenberg. The community there existed from around 1123/24 until secularization in 1803. Afterward, the monastery passed into the possession of the Wildgraves and Rhinegraves of Salm, who took over a large part of the extensive church property and briefly became territorial rulers.

Premonstratensians
The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré (Latin: Candidus et Canonicus Ordo Praemonstratensis), also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), is a religious order of canons regular in the Catholic Church. They were founded in Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Norbert of Xanten, who later became Archbishop of Magdeburg. Premonstratensians are designated by O.Praem (Ordo Praemonstratensis) following their name. They are part of the Augustinian tradition.

Norbert was a friend of Bernard of Clairvaux and was largely influenced by the Cistercian ideals as to both the manner of life and the government of his order. As the Premonstratensians are not monks but canons regular, their work often involves preaching and the exercising of pastoral ministry; they frequently serve in parishes close to their abbeys or priories.
M50 motorway (England)
The M50 is a motorway in Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, and Herefordshire, England. Sometimes referred to as the Ross Spur, it is a 22 miles (35 km) connection of the M5 motorway to a point near Ross-on-Wye, where it joins the A40 road continuing westward into Wales. The motorway was fully opened in 1962.

A449 road
The A449 is a major road in the United Kingdom. It runs north from junction 24 of the A48 road at Newport in South Wales to Stafford in Staffordshire.

The southern section of the road, between Ross on Wye and Newport forms part of the trunk route from Stafford to Newport, avoiding the Severn Bridge
Cubic-icosahedral honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the cubic-icosahedral honeycomb is a compact uniform honeycomb, constructed from icosahedron, cube, and cuboctahedron cells, in an icosidodecahedron vertex figure. It has a single-ring Coxeter diagram, , and is named by its two regular cells.

A geometric honeycomb is a space-filling of polyhedral or higher-dimensional cells, so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions.

Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space, like the convex uniform honeycombs. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic uniform honeycombs.  Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space.

Uniform honeycombs in hyperbolic space
In hyperbolic geometry, a uniform honeycomb in hyperbolic space is a uniform tessellation of uniform polyhedral cells. In 3-dimensional hyperbolic space there are nine Coxeter group families of compact convex uniform honeycombs, generated as Wythoff constructions, and represented by permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams for each family.
Venues of the 1960 Summer Olympics
For the 1960 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-four sports venues were used. The Basilica of Maxentius, the Baths of Caracalla, the Appian Way, and Via Cassia were among the ancient Roman venues used for the games. The football stadium in Florence hosted the 1934 FIFA World Cup and would later host the 1990 FIFA World Cup. Stadio Olimpico would later serve host to the 1987 IAAF World Championships in Athletics and the final venue for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The marathon would be lit at night by Italian soldiers holding torches that included the Appian Way with a finish at the Arch of Constantine.

Appian Way
The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: Via Appia) is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic. It connected Rome to Brindisi, in southeast Italy. Its importance is indicated by its common name, recorded by Statius, of Appia longarum... regina viarum ('the Appian Way, the queen of the long roads'). The road is named after Appius Claudius Caecus, the Roman censor who, during the Samnite Wars, began and completed the first section as a military road to the south in 312 BC.

In July 2024, the Appian Way entered the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Greater Essex Combined County Authority
The Greater Essex Combined County Authority (GECCA) or simply the Greater Essex Combined Authority (GECA) is an upcoming combined authority for the ceremonial county of Essex, England. The authority is expected to be established in 2026 with the first direct election of the mayor of Greater Essex in 2028. The initial constituent authorities will be Essex County Council, Southend-on-Sea City Council and Thurrock Council. An ongoing reorganisation of local government will amend the constituent authorities. The combined authority will have powers over housing, regeneration, economic development, adult skills and local transport.

Upcoming structural changes to local government in England
Proposed structural changes to local government in England were set out in the English Devolution White Paper published by the UK government on 16 December 2024. This wave of local government restructuring—following previous changes in 1995–1998, 2009 and 2019–2023—is referred to as Local Government Reorganisation (LGR) by the UK government. As with earlier waves of reorganisation, areas where services are provided by both county councils and district councils will instead be served by single-tier unitary authorities. It is intended that the first elections to the new councils will be on 6 May 2027, and the councils will begin operation on 1 April 2028. For Surrey, an accelerated timeline is planned, with elections on 7 May 2026, and the new councils beginning operation on 1 April 2027. The process runs alongside, but separate to, the expansion of combined authorities to more of the country as part of English devolution.
Pakistan at the Cricket World Cup
Pakistan cricket team won the World Cup in 1992 under the captaincy of Imran Khan. Pakistan have also been runners up at the 1999 Cricket World Cup where they lost to Australia in the Final. They have been Semi Finalists four times (1979, 1983, 1987 & 2011) and have also reached the Quarter Finals twice (1996 & 2015). Pakistan's historical win–loss record at the cricket world cup is 49-37, with 3 no results. Javed Miandad has appeared in six Cricket World Cups which is more than any other player from Pakistan.

1999 Cricket World Cup
The 1999 ICC Cricket World Cup, also branded as England '99, was the seventh edition of the Cricket World Cup, organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was hosted primarily by England, with selected matches also played in Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the Netherlands. The tournament was won by Australia, who beat Pakistan by 8 wickets in the final at Lord's in London.

The tournament was hosted three years after the previous Cricket World Cup, deviating from the usual four-year gap.
Tailu
Tailu (Chinese: 苔菉镇; pinyin: Táilù Zhèn) is a town in Lianjiang County, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Tailu is located at the eastern tip of the Huangqi Peninsula (黄岐半岛) / Beijiao Peninsula (北茭半島) (including nearby islands) and is bordered to the west by the town of Huangqi and to the south by the East China Sea, across which Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands), Taiwan (ROC) can be seen.

Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands (UK: /ˌmætˈsuː/ or US: /ˌmɑːtˈsuː/) are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea. They are situated alongside the southeastern coast of mainland China. The archipelago forms Lienchiang County (/ljɛnˈdʒjɑːŋ/), the smallest county in the Taiwan Area by area and population, as well as one of two counties that is a part of the nominal Fuchien Province that is administered by the Republic of China.

The current Lienchiang County of the ROC was once part of an intact Lienchiang County of Fujian before its effective partition in 1949 following the Chinese Civil War, which resulted in the mainland portion of the county being controlled by the People's Republic of China (PRC), while the offshore islands of Matsu remained under ROC control. The circumstance has made the county the only former geographical unit with the same name that is now divided between the administrations of the ROC and the PRC.
Gorewada Zoo
Balasaheb Thackeray Gorewada International Zoological Park, known earlier as the Gorewada Zoo, is a zoo in the Nagpur district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Upon completion, this is likely to be one of the largest captive zoo safaris in India, covering over 1914 hectares of land adjoining Gorewada Lake.

Gorewada Lake
Gorewada Lake is a water body in northwestern Nagpur. It is formed by 2,350 feet long dam wall.

Gorewada Lake was developed by the Waterworks Department in 1912 as the primary drinking water source for Nagpur's erstwhile population of 101,000 people. It is still the main source for drinking water in the city. Bordered by thick forest, the lake and its surroundings provide habitat for birds and other wildlife.The government of Maharashtra is currently developing a 1,914 hectare safari in the area surrounding the lake. Leopards, deer, peafowl, and other species can be spotted near the lake. The road near Gorewada Lake is called the Gorewada Ring Road. Neighborhoods near the lake include Jafar Nagar, Zingabai Takli, Borgaon, and Gittikhadan.
Graham Gore
Graham Gore (c. 1809 – between 28 May 1847 and 25 April 1848) was an English officer of the Royal Navy and polar explorer who participated in two expeditions to the Arctic and a survey of the coastline of Australia aboard HMS Beagle. In 1845 he served under Sir John Franklin as First Lieutenant (the third most senior rank) on the Erebus during the Franklin expedition to discover the Northwest Passage, which ended with the loss of all 129 officers and crewmen in mysterious circumstances.

HMS Erebus (1826)
HMS Erebus was a Hecla-class bomb vessel constructed by the Royal Navy in Pembroke dockyard, Wales, in 1826. The vessel was the second in the Royal Navy named after Erebus, the personification of darkness in Greek mythology.

The 372-ton ship was armed with two mortars – one 13 in (330 mm) and one 10 in (254 mm) –  and 10 guns. The ship was refitted as an exploration vessel and took part in the Ross expedition of 1839–1843. She was abandoned in 1848 during the third Franklin expedition. The sunken wreck was discovered by the Canadian Victoria Strait expedition in September 2014.
San Jose and Santa Rosa station
San Jose and Santa Rosa is a light rail stop on the Muni Metro J Church line, located in the Mission Terrace neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The station has two short side platforms in the middle of San Jose Avenue (traffic islands) located before the intersection in each direction. The station is not accessible.

J Church
The J Church is an urban rail transit line of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. It has both light rail and streetcar segments. The line runs between Embarcadero station and Balboa Park station through Noe Valley. Opened on August 11, 1917, it is the oldest and has the lowest ridership of all of the Muni Metro lines.: 21, 47
Jaziira (clan)
Sheekhaal Jaziira (Somali: Shiikhaal Jaziira, Arabic: شيخال الجزيرة) also known as Aala Ba Hassan (Somali: Reer Ba Xassan, Arabic: آل باحسن) are a Banaadiri clan mainly from the southern coastal cities of; Jasiira, Jilib Marka, Marka, Mogadishu and Barawa and have established communities in the hinterlands in towns and villages such as Afgooye, Mareerey, Janaale, Shalambood, Galwiin, Wanlaweyn, Buur Hakaba, Baidoa, Moolamaad Baardheere and Xuddur due to trading, da'wah and farming.

Jazeera Beach
Jazeera Beach (also known as Gezira Beach; Somali: Xeebta Jasiira or Xeebta Jaziira) is a beach which overlooks the Somali Sea near the city of Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia.

The Jazeera beach massacre took place here in 1989.

The beach is now a leisure destination where people gather on weekends as part of Somali seagoing culture. There are hotels, restaurants and leisure boats.

International tourists mostly from Turkey, America, the UK, Italy, Germany, and Malaysia visit Jazeera Beach. The beach offers tourists the chance to see the animal market in Jazeera where camels, cows, goats, sheep and wildlife are sold, as well as the salt mining processes located there. The features of the beach include a small island which can be accessed by tourists by renting a boat.

A dry, hot climate is typical in this eastern African city. Rainy days come rarely to Mogadishu, and the wettest weather occurs from May through August.

The beach has a problem with people dumping rubbish on it.
Air quality index
An air quality index (AQI) is an approximation of how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. As air pollution levels rise, so does the AQI, along with the associated public health risks.

Different countries have their own air quality indices, corresponding to different national air quality standards. These include Canada's Air Quality Health Index, Malaysia's Air Pollution Index, and Singapore's Pollutant Standards Index. Pollutants that are commonly monitored include ground-level ozone, particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide.

Children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory or cardiovascular problems are typically the first groups affected by poor air quality. When the AQI is high, governmental bodies generally encourage people to reduce physical activity outdoors, or even avoid going out altogether.

Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula NO2. One of several nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas.  It is a paramagnetic, bent molecule with C2v point group symmetry. Industrially, NO2 is an intermediate in the synthesis of nitric acid, millions of tons of which are produced each year, primarily for the production of fertilizers.

Nitrogen dioxide is poisonous and can be fatal if inhaled in large quantities. Cooking with a gas stove produces nitrogen dioxide which causes poorer indoor air quality. Combustion of gas can lead to increased concentrations of nitrogen dioxide throughout the home environment which is linked to respiratory issues and diseases. The LC50 (median lethal dose)  for humans has been estimated to be 174 ppm for a 1-hour exposure. It is also included in the NOx family of atmospheric pollutants.
Kingdom of Fazughli
The Kingdom of Fazughli was a precolonial state in what is now southeastern Sudan and western Ethiopia. Oral traditions assert its establishment by refugees from the Nubian Kingdom of Alodia, after its capital Soba had fallen to Arabs or the Funj in c. 1500. Centered around the mountainous region of Fazughli on the Blue Nile and serving as a buffer between the Funj sultanate and the Ethiopian empire, the kingdom lasted until its incorporation into the Funj sultanate in 1685.

Blue Nile
The Blue Nile is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It travels for approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) through Ethiopia and Sudan. Along with the White Nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile and supplies about 85.6% of the water to the Nile during the rainy season.
The Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner, Howard Morris Special
The Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner, Howard Morris Special was a sketch comedy variety special that aired April 5, 1967 on CBS. The show consisted of the cast of Your Show of Shows reunited to re-enact various sketches. That cast consisted of Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner, and Howard Morris. Comedian Maggie Peterson appears as does the Billy Williams Quartet.

At the 19th Primetime Emmy Awards, the special was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards, winning two: Outstanding Variety Special and Outstanding Writing for a Variety Special.

Billy Williams (singer)
Wilfred Williams (December 28, 1910 – October 12, 1972) was an American singer. He had a successful cover recording of Fats Waller's "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down And Write Myself A Letter" in 1957. The record sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc.