hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yang Hung-duen
Yang Hung-duen (traditional Chinese: 楊弘敦; simplified Chinese: 杨弘敦; pinyin: Yáng Hóngdūn; born 3 September 1965) is a Taiwanese physicist. Yang was the president of National Sun Yat-sen University from 2008 to 2016, when he was selected to lead the National Science and Technology Council.

National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan)
The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC; 國家科學及技術委員會) is a statutory agency of Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan) for the promotion and funding of  academic research, development of science and technology and science parks. NSTC is a member of Belmont Forum.
San Lorenzo Marine Archipelago National Park
San Lorenzo Marine Archipelago National Park is a national park of Mexico located on San Lorenzo Island part of an archipelago in the Gulf of California off the eastern coast of Baja California. The San Lorenzo Archipelago is considered one of the most important ecological areas of the Gulf of California. The Island and surrounding areas are part of a rich ecosystem comprised by a grand variety of flora and marine fauna. This area is protected by the Mexican federal government Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001 because of its importance as a habitat for several endangered species. The Archipelago is part of the municipality of Mexicali, Baja California. The island is located southeast of the city separated by the Salsipuedes Channel.

Gulf of California
The Gulf of California (Spanish: Golfo de California), also known as the Sea of Cortés (Mar de Cortés) or Sea of Cortez, or less commonly as the Vermilion Sea (Mar Vermejo), is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja California peninsula from the Mexican mainland. It is bordered by the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa with a coastline of approximately 4,000 km (2,500 mi). Rivers that flow into the Gulf of California include the Colorado, Fuerte, Mayo, Sinaloa, Sonora, and the Yaqui. The surface of the gulf is about 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi). Maximum depths exceed 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) because of the complex geology, linked to plate tectonics.

The gulf is thought to be one of the most diverse seas on Earth and is home to more than 5,000 species of micro-invertebrates. Parts of the Gulf of California are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Nikolai Lemtyugov
Nikolai Lemtyugov (Russian: Николай Александрович Лемтюгов; born 15 January 1986) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player. His career, which lasted from 2004 to 2020, was mainly spent in the Russian Superleague and the Kontinental Hockey League.

Russian Superleague
The Russian Superleague (Russian: Чемпионат России Суперлига, Russian Championship Superleague), commonly abbreviated as RSL, was the highest division of the main professional ice hockey league in Russia. It was considered the second-best league in the world, after the National Hockey League (NHL) of North America. It was a part of the Russian Pro Hockey League which was composed of three divisions — the Superleague, Major League (Vysshaya Liga), and First League (Pervaya Liga).

The league was rebranded after the 2007–08 season as the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The KHL absorbed all 20 teams from the previous RSL season, for a total of 24 for its inaugural campaign.
Putnam, the Iron Son of '76
Putnam, the Iron Son of '76 is an 1844 American play by Nathaniel Bannister, and his most popular play.

The play is about American Revolutionary War hero Israel Putnam.  Starting on August 5, 1844, it played for 78 consecutive nights (not counting Sundays) in New York at the Bowery Theatre, produced by Thomas S. Hamblin, an astounding success for its time, and likely the longest New York run of its time.  It featured the live horse "Black Vulture", which was a big audience draw.  It enjoyed revivals for years, and was also performed in other cities.

Israel Putnam
Israel Putnam (January 7, 1718 – May 29, 1790), popularly known as "Old Put", was an American military officer and landowner who served in the French and Indian War and American Revolutionary War. He was an officer in Rogers' Rangers during the French and Indian War, during which Putnam was captured by Mohawk warriors. He was saved from the ritual burning given to enemies by the intervention of French captain named Molang, with whom the Mohawks were allied. Putnam's exploits became known far beyond his home of Connecticut's borders through the circulation of folk legends in the American colonies and states celebrating his exploits.
Timur Kapadze
Timur Takhirovich Kapadze (Uzbek: Temur Kapadze; Russian: Тимур Тахирович Кападзе; Georgian: თემურ კაპაძე; born 5 September 1981) is an Uzbek professional football coach and former player. He is the current head coach of Uzbekistan Super League club Navbahor Namangan. He guided the Uzbekistan national team as head coach to a historic first ever qualification to the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

Server Djeparov
Server Reshatovich Djeparov (Crimean Tatar: Server Reşat oğlu Ceparov; Uzbek: Server Rishodovich Jeparov, Uzbek Cyrillic: Сервер Ришодович Жепаров, born 3 October 1982) is a former Uzbek professional football midfielder who is the assistant coach of the Uzbek national team. He has won the Asian Footballer of the Year award twice in 2008 and 2011.
Hamdan Qarmat
Hamdan Qarmat ibn al-Ash'ath (Arabic: حمدان قرمط بن الأشعث, romanized: Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ ibn al-Ashʿath; fl. c. 874–899 CE) was the eponymous founder of the Qarmatian sect of Isma'ilism. Originally the chief Isma'ili missionary (dā'ī) in lower Iraq, in 899 he quarreled with the movement's leadership at Salamiya after it was taken over by Sa'id ibn al-Husayn (the future first Fatimid Caliph), and with his followers broke off from them. Hamdan then disappeared, but his followers continued in existence in the Syrian Desert and al-Bahrayn for several decades.

Da'i
A da'i (Arabic: داعي, romanized: dāʿī, lit. 'inviter, caller', [ˈdæːʕi(ː)]) is generally someone who engages in Dawah, the act of inviting people to Islam.

Dāʿī the inviter or summoner, i.e. the one who invites to true religion, as God says: "And as a summoner unto Allah by His permission, and as a luminous lamp" (33:46).

In this verse the Prophet is called da'i because he himself used to do Dawah and others used to do it under his supervision. In the time of the Prophet there were definitely Dāʿī's to invite on his behalf, for the main function of Prophethood and Dawah is carried on under his supervision.
Prue Hyman
Prudence Janet Hyman (born 23 March 1943) is a New Zealand feminist economist and former cricketer. She was associate professor of economics and gender and women's studies at Victoria University of Wellington until controversial restructuring between 2008 and 2010 abolished Gender and Women's Studies. During the 2023 New Zealand general election, Hyman stood as a candidate for the Women's Rights Party's.

Jill Ovens
Jill Annette Ovens is a New Zealand trade unionist, politician, and anti-transgender activist. She is the founder and current National Secretary of the Women's Rights Party.

She was co-leader of the Alliance party before changing her allegiance to the Labour Party, and then later founding and co-leading the Women's Rights Party.
Ernesto Herrera (politician)
Ernesto "Boy" Falar Herrera (September 11, 1942 – October 29, 2015) was a Senator of the Philippines and congressman for Bohol's 1st district. He was a trade union leader, an advocate of law and order, and a legislator in the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th Congresses.

8th Congress of the Philippines
The 8th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikawalong Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 27, 1987, until May 25, 1992, during the presidency of Corazon Aquino. This was the first Congress after the ratification of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.
Mindy Grossman
Mindy Grossman (born September 8, 1957) is the former CEO of WW International (formerly Weight Watchers). Her earlier career included executive roles at Ralph Lauren Corporation and Nike, and she was also CEO of HSN from 2006 - 2017.  She has been listed on Financial Times's list of the Top 50 Women In World Business, and was ranked among Forbes' 100 Most Powerful Women In The World, as well as in Fortune's Top People in Business.

Ralph Lauren Corporation
Ralph Lauren Corporation is a publicly traded American fashion and lifestyle brand founded in 1967 by Ralph Lauren in New York City. The company markets products in apparel, home, accessories, and fragrances, and is most known for its flagship brand, Polo Ralph Lauren. The company's brands include mid-range, sub-premium, and premium labels up to its highest priced luxury Ralph Lauren Purple Label apparel.

Ralph Lauren licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear; L'Oréal for fragrances and cosmetics; Hanesbrands for underwear and sleepwear; O5 Apparel for its Chaps brand; Kohl's and Hollander Sleep Products for bedding; Designers Guild for fabric and wallpaper; and Theodore Alexander for home furniture.
Kulm (ski flying venue)
Kulm is a ski flying hill located in Tauplitz/Bad Mitterndorf, Styria, Austria opened in 1950.

In 2003, The women's world record at 200 metres was set by Daniela Iraschko-Stolz, who at the time was the only woman in history to have jumped over two hundred meters.

Furthermore, the men's world record has been set three times at Kulm (1962, 1965 and 1986).

This hill is one of only five of its type in the world, allowing for jumps of more than 240 metres. The current hill record of 244 m (801 ft) was set by Peter Prevc during the 2016 Ski Flying World Championships.

They hosted the five FIS Ski Flying World Championships here in 1975, 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2016.

In 2015, the hill was last renovated to a current K200 and HS235, with much longer jumps possible.

FIS Ski Flying World Championships 1996
The FIS Ski Flying World Ski Championships 1996 took place on 11 February 1996 in Bad Mitterndorf, Austria for the third time. Bad Mitterndorf hosted the championships previously in 1975 and 1986. At these championships, the number of jumps expanded from two to four.
Sheng Shiqi
Sheng Shiqi (Chinese: 盛世骐; pinyin: Shèng Shìqí; Wade–Giles: Sheng Shih-ch'i; 1901 – 19 March 1942) was a Chinese brigade commander in Xinjiang, and the brother of the governor of that province, Sheng Shicai. His murder was a matter of dispute between the Soviet Union and the regional government in Xinjiang, with Sheng Shicai claiming his brother's murder was orchestrated by the Soviets in order to stage a coup, while the Soviets claimed Sheng ordered his brother's murder because of his close ties to Moscow.

Xinjiang Province, Republic of China
Xinjiang Province (Chinese: 新疆省; pinyin: Xīnjiāng Shěng) or Sinkiang Province was a province of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1912 to 1992. Its existence was nominal after the ROC's defeat in the Chinese Civil War and the subsequent incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. The provincial government relocated to Taipei and was reorganized as the Sinkiang Provincial Government Office (新疆省政府辦事處), but it was without administrative function. In the PRC, Xinjiang Province was replaced by the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 1955.
Ernie Blandin
Ernest Elmer Blandin (June 21, 1919 – September 16, 1968) was an American professional football player who was a tackle for six seasons with the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Colts in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and later the National Football League (NFL).

Blandin was a standout as a tackle playing college football for the Tulane Green Wave, earning consensus All-American honors as a senior in 1941. Blandin was selected to play for the Philadelphia Eagles, but he instead joined the military and served in the Pacific theater of World War II.

Upon his discharge, he signed with the Browns of the AAFC and played on the team for two seasons. The Browns won the league championship in both of those years. Blandin was then sent to the Colts, where he remained through the 1950 season. He played one more year of professional football in 1953 with the second iteration of the Baltimore Colts.

Tulane Green Wave football
The Tulane Green Wave football team represents Tulane University in the sport of American football. The Green Wave compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American). The football team is currently coached by Will Hall, the team plays its home games in Yulman Stadium on its campus in Uptown New Orleans.
Souldern
Souldern is a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire about 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Bicester and a similar distance southeast of Banbury. The parish is bounded to the west by the River Cherwell and to the east by field boundaries. Its northern boundary is Ockley Brook, a tributary of the Cherwell that forms the county boundary with Northamptonshire. The parish's southern boundaries are the main road between Bicester and Adderbury and the minor road between Souldern and Somerton. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 370.

Souldern's toponym is derived from the Old English Sulh-þorn meaning "Thorn-bush in a gully".

Banbury
Banbury is an historic market town and civil parish on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, South East England. The parish had a population of 54,335 at the 2021 Census.

Banbury is a significant commercial and retail centre for the surrounding area of north Oxfordshire and southern parts of Warwickshire and Northamptonshire which are predominantly rural. Banbury's main industries are motorsport, car components, electrical goods, plastics, food processing and printing. Banbury is home to the Jacobs Douwe Egberts factory which was previously the world's largest coffee-producing facility, built in 1964. The town is famed for Banbury cakes, a spiced sweet pastry.

Banbury is located 64 miles (103 km) north-west of London, 37 miles (60 km) south-east of Birmingham, 27 miles (43 km) south-east of Coventry and 22 miles (35 km) north-northwest of Oxford.
Gloria Tang Pui-yee
Gloria Tang Pui-yee (Chinese: 鄧佩儀; born 10 November 1992) is a Hong Kong Canadian actress and beauty pageant titleholder. She is the winner of Miss Chinese (Vancouver) Pageant 2012 and Miss Chinese International Pageant 2013.

Miss Chinese Vancouver Pageant
Miss Chinese Vancouver Pageant (Chinese: 溫哥華華裔小姐競選), also known as MCV and formerly branded as Miss Chinese (Vancouver) Pageant, is an annual beauty pageant organized by Fairchild TV that selects Vancouver's representative for the annual Miss Chinese International Pageant that is held in Hong Kong, organized by TVB. The current Miss Chinese Vancouver is Sophia Yin (殷千葉) winner of the 2025 pageant.

The pageant replaced the Miss Vancouver Chinatown Pageant, which selected Vancouver's representatives to the Miss Chinese International Pageant from 1988 to 1995. It is one of the most recognized beauty pageants among Chinese Canadian diaspora, alongside its Toronto counterpart. In 2020, the Miss Chinese (Vancouver) Pageant was rebranded as the Miss Chinese Vancouver Pageant.
Wire spring relay
A wire spring relay is a type of relay, that has springs made from drawn wires of nickel silver, rather than cut from flat sheet metal as in the flat-spring relay. This class of relays provided manufacturing and operating advantages over previous designs. Wire spring relays entered mass production in the early 1950s.

Wire spring relays were the most suitable relays for logic and computing functions. They were used extensively in markers, which were special purpose computers used to route calls in crossbar switch central offices.

Wire spring relays were primarily manufactured by the Western Electric Company for use in electromechanical telephone exchanges in the Bell System. The design was licensed for use around the world, and was commonplace in Japan.

Manufacturing of wire spring relays greatly declined in the late 20th century due to the introduction of digital electronic switching systems that used them in very small numbers.

Crossbar switch
In electronics and telecommunications, a crossbar switch (cross-point switch, matrix switch) is a collection of switches arranged in a matrix configuration. A crossbar switch has multiple input and output lines that form a crossed pattern of interconnecting lines between which a connection may be established by closing a switch located at each intersection, the elements of the matrix. Originally, a crossbar switch consisted literally of crossing metal bars that provided the input and output paths. Later implementations achieved the same switching topology in solid-state electronics. The crossbar switch is one of the principal telephone exchange architectures, together with a rotary switch, memory switch, and a crossover switch.
Mykyta Pogorielov
Mykyta Petrovych Pogorielov (Ukrainian: Микита Петрович Погорєлов, also romanized Pohorielov; born 24 September 2002) is a Ukrainian ice dancer. With his skating partner, Mariia Pinchuk, he is the 2023 CS Denis Ten Memorial bronze medalist, a three-time ISU Junior Grand Prix medalist (including gold at the 2023 JGP Turkey), a two-time Ukrainian junior national champion (2021, 2022), and competed in the final segment at two World Junior Championships.

2023 CS Denis Ten Memorial Challenge
The 2023 CS Denis Ten Memorial Challenge was held on November 1–4, 2023, in Astana, Kazakhstan. It was part of the 2023–24 ISU Challenger Series. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, and ice dance.
Elijah Woods (politician)
Elijah Woods was a politician from Belmont County, Ohio who was a delegate to the convention that drafted the first constitution of the U.S. State of Ohio in 1802 and served in the Ohio House of Representatives soon after statehood.

Belmont County, Ohio
Belmont County is a county located in the eastern end of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 66,497. Its county seat is St. Clairsville, while its largest city is Martins Ferry. The county was created on September 7, 1801, and organized on November 7, 1801. It takes its name from the French for "beautiful mountain".

Belmont County is part of the Wheeling metropolitan area.
Jack Lavin
Jack Lavin (born 1992) is an English rugby union player who is currently at Esher in National League 1 having signed from Caldy for the 2017–18 season. He plays at Fly-half or Inside Centre and is an excellent points kicker who can also score tries.  As well as playing club rugby he has represented Cheshire in the county championships, finishing as runners up in 2016, as well as being capped by England Counties XV.

Cheshire Rugby Football Union
The Cheshire Rugby Football Union (CRFU) is a rugby union governing body in the historic county of Cheshire and the Isle of Man. The union is the constituent body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU) for Cheshire. The CRFU administers and organises rugby union clubs and competitions in the county and administers the Cheshire county rugby representative teams.
Dawn McEwen
Dawn Kathleen McEwen (née Askin; born July 3, 1980) is a Canadian semi-retired curler from Winnipeg, Manitoba. She was the long-time lead for the Jennifer Jones rink, who became Olympic champions, winning gold for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics. McEwen is a two-time world champion in curling, having won with Jones at the 2008 World Championships and again at the 2018 World Championships. In 2019, McEwen was named the greatest Canadian female lead in history in a TSN poll of broadcasters, reporters and top curlers.

2018 World Women's Curling Championship
The 2018 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as the 2018 Ford World Women's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 17–25 at the North Bay Memorial Gardens in North Bay, Ontario, Canada. The format of the tournament was changed this year, with 13 teams qualifying for the tournament (as opposed to 12 in previous years), and the top 6 teams from round-robin play will qualify for the playoffs (rather than 4).  The playoff system were single-knockout, where the top two teams received a bye while the remaining four played the first round.

The event was won by Canada's Jennifer Jones rink from Winnipeg; the second world championship for the 2014 Olympic gold medallists.

Off the ice, the event was a success and set an attendance record for a women's world championship held in Canada. Jennifer Jones was complimentary of the fans, saying she had never played in a louder arena.
Schism of the Three Chapters
The Schism of the Three Chapters was a schism that affected Chalcedonian Christianity in Northern Italy lasting from 553 to 698 AD and in some areas to 715 AD, although the area out of communion with Rome contracted during that time. It was part of a larger Three-Chapter Controversy that affected the whole of Roman-Byzantine Christianity.

Chalcedonian Christianity
Chalcedonian Christianity is the branch of Christianity that accepts and upholds theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council, held in AD 451. Chalcedonian Christianity accepts the Christological Definition of Chalcedon, a Christian doctrine concerning the union of two natures (divine and human) in one hypostasis of Jesus Christ, who is thus acknowledged as a single person (prosopon). Chalcedonian Christianity also accepts the Chalcedonian confirmation of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, thus acknowledging the commitment of Chalcedonism to Nicene Christianity.

Chalcedonian Christology is upheld by Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Lutheranism, Anglicanism and Calvinism (Reformed Christianity), thus comprising the overwhelming majority of Christianity.
Runswick Bay
Runswick Bay is a bay in North Yorkshire, England. It is also the name of a village located on the western edge of the bay (although the village is sometimes shortened to Runswick on UK road signs). It is 5 miles (8 km) north of Whitby, and close to the villages of Ellerby and Hinderwell. Located within the North York Moors National Park, it is a popular tourist attraction, due to its picturesque cliffside village, stunning coastal walks, fossil hunting and Runswick Sands, a white sand beach. It is on the Cleveland Way national trail. Runswick Bay was chosen as Beach of the Year 2020 by The Sunday Times.

North York Moors
The North York Moors is an upland area and national park in North Yorkshire, England. It contains one of the largest expanses of heather moorland in the United Kingdom.

The area was designated a national park in 1952, through the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. The park covers an area of 554 sq mi (1,430 km2), and had a population of 22,935 at the 2021 census. It is administered by the North York Moors National Park Authority, which is based in Helmsley.
La Vénus d'Ille
"La Vénus d'Ille" ([la venys dij], "The Venus of Ille") is a short story by French writer Prosper Mérimée.  It was written in 1835 and published in 1837.  It tells the story of a statue of Venus that comes to life and kills the son of its owner, whom it believes to be its husband. This is based on a popular medieval story, of which William of Malmesbury wrote the earliest known version.

Aphrodite of Knidos
The Aphrodite of Knidos (or Cnidus) was an Ancient Greek sculpture of the goddess Aphrodite created by Praxiteles of Athens around the 4th century BC.  It was one of the first life-sized representations of the nude female form in Greek history, displaying an alternative idea to male heroic nudity. Praxiteles' Aphrodite was shown nude, reaching for a bath towel while covering her pubis, which, in turn leaves her breasts exposed. Up until this point, Greek sculpture had been dominated by male nude figures. The original Greek sculpture is no longer in existence; however, many Roman copies survive of this influential work of art. Variants of the Venus Pudica (suggesting an action to cover the breasts) are the Venus de' Medici and the Capitoline Venus.