hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proper complexity function
A proper complexity function is a function f mapping natural numbers to natural numbers such that:

f is nondecreasing;

there exists a k-string Turing machine M such that on any input of length n, M halts after O(n + f(n)) steps, uses O(f(n)) space, and outputs f(n) consecutive blanks.

If f and g are two proper complexity functions, then f + g, fg, and 2f are also proper complexity functions.

Similar notions include honest functions, space-constructible functions, and time-constructible functions.

Constructible function
In complexity theory, a time-constructible function is a function f from natural numbers to natural numbers with the property that f(n) can be constructed from n by a Turing machine in the time of order f(n). The purpose of such a definition is to exclude functions that do not provide an upper bound on the runtime of some Turing machine.
2021 Liberian by-elections
The 2021 Liberian by-elections were held on November 16 in the following House districts: Bomi-1, Bong-2, Grand Gedeh-1, and Nimba-1. The vacancies in the House were caused by four sitting representatives winning seats the 2020 Senate election. The 2021 by-elections were delayed beyond constitutional limits. Neither the ruling Coalition for Democratic Change nor the major opposition alliance Collaborating Political Parties won seats in the 2021 by-election. The elected House members were Finda Gborie Lansanah (Bomi-1), James M. Kolleh (Bong-2), Erol Madison Gwion (Grand Gedeh-1), and Samuel N. Brown (Nimba-1).

2020 Liberian Senate election
Senate elections were held in Liberia on 8 December 2020, with half the seats in the Senate up for election. The elections were held concurrently with a constitutional referendum and two House by-elections.
They Call the Wind Maria
"They Call the Wind Marīa" (/məˈraɪ.ə/ mə-RY-ə) is an American popular song with lyrics written by Alan J. Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe for their 1951 Broadway musical Paint Your Wagon, which is set in the California Gold Rush. Rufus Smith originally sang the song on Broadway, and Joseph Leader was the original singer in London's West End.  It quickly became a runaway hit, and during the Korean War, the song was among the "popular music listened to by the troops". Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra recorded the song in 1951, and it was among the "popular hit singles at the record stores" that year.  It has since become a standard, performed by many notable singers across several genres of popular music.  A striking feature of the song in the original orchestration (also used in many cover versions), is a driving, staccato rhythm, played on the string instruments, that evokes a sense of restless motion.

Vaughn Monroe
Vaughn Wilton Monroe (October 7, 1911 – May 21, 1973) was an American baritone singer, trumpeter and big band leader who was most popular in the 1940s and 1950s. He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for recording and another for radio performance.
Horst Degen
Horst Degen (19 July 1913 – 29 January 1996) was a German U-boat commander during World War II. Under Degen's command, the submarine U-701 was credited with sinking five Allied ships totaling 25,390 gross register tons (GRT) and damaged four others for 37,093 GRT. U-107 also sank four auxiliary warships and damaged a destroyer.

German submarine U-701
German submarine U-701 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for the Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that served in the North Atlantic during World War II. It was launched on 16 April 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Horst Degen, with a crew of 43.

In three operational patrols U-701 sank five ships, of 25,390 gross register tons (GRT) and damaged four others for 37,093 GRT. She also sank four auxiliary warships and damaged a destroyer.

She was sunk in an air attack on 7 July 1942 and rests at a depth of 115 feet (35 m) at 35°14.330′N 75°06.690′W﻿ / ﻿35.238833°N 75.111500°W﻿ / 35.238833; -75.111500.
Martin Kohlmann
Karl Martin Kohlmann (born 18 July 1977) is a German politician and lawyer. He is the founding chairman of the Free Saxons and was a member of Citizens' Movement Pro Chemnitz, the German Social Union and The Republicans.

He is being monitored by the Saxony State Office for the Protection of the Constitution, which recognises him as a "long-standing activist in the right-wing extremist scene". Kohlmann maintained relationships with the National Socialists Chemnitz among others. At the end of 2020, he gave the former neo-Nazi cadre Michael Brück a job in his law firm in Chemnitz. Kohlmann has stated he seeks the return of the Saxon Monarchy and the increased independence of the state of Saxony.

Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution
The Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (German: Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz or BfV, often Bundesverfassungsschutz) is Germany's federal domestic intelligence agency. Together with the Landesämter für Verfassungsschutz (LfV) at the state level, the federal agency is tasked with intelligence-gathering on efforts against the liberal democratic basic order, the existence and security of the federation or one of its states, and the peaceful coexistence of peoples; with counter-intelligence; and with protective security and counter-sabotage. The BfV reports to the Federal Ministry of the Interior and tasks and powers are regulated in the Federal Constitutional Protection Act (Bundesverfassungsschutzgesetz [BVerfSchG]). The last President was Thomas Haldenwang; he had been appointed in 2018 and left office in November 2024. The next president is supposed to be assigned by a new government following the 2025 German federal election.
Angelo Tsagarakis
Angelo Constantin Tsagarakis (Greek: Άγγελος Τσαγκαράκης; born June 3, 1984) is a retired French-Greek professional basketball player who played both point guard and shooting guard. Tsagarakis played college basketball at Oregon State University, with the Oregon Beavers, and at Cal Poly Pomona, with the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos.He is since April 2022 the head coach of all Greek 3x3 basketball national teams.

Recognized as one of the premier 3x3 players on the international scene, he was a member and leader of the French National Team that competed and brought back the bronze medal at the 2017 FIBA 3x3 World Cup. While representing France in international competitions between 2017 and 2018, Tsagarakis brought back two long-distance shooting gold medals at the 2017 World Cup in Nantes and the 2018 Europe Cup in Bucharest.
He was also the top FIBA ranked French 3x3 player for the year 2015.

Oregon State Beavers men's basketball
The Oregon State Beavers men's basketball program, established in 1901, is the intercollegiate men's basketball program of Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon. Members of the West Coast Conference in NCAA Division I, the team plays home games on campus at Gill Coliseum, and the current head coach is Wayne Tinkle.

Oregon State has won 14 conference championships and appeared in the NCAA tournament 18 times (three 
(1980–82) were later vacated by the NCAA). The Beavers have advanced to the Final Four twice (1949, 1963), and their most recent tournament appearance was in 2021, when they advanced to the Elite Eight after winning their first tournament games since 1982.

As of the 2023 season the Oregon State men's basketball holds the NCAA record for most games played against a single opponent with 362 games played against the Oregon Ducks men's basketball team and the NCAA record for 2nd most victories against a single opponent with 195 victories against the Ducks.
Flindersichthys
Flindersichthys is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish that lived during the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous epoch. It contains a single species, F. denmeadi, known from the Allaru and Toolebuc Formations of Queensland, Australia. It was a relative of modern ladyfish and tarpons.

Tarpon
Tarpon are fish of the genus Megalops. They are the only extant members of the family Megalopidae. Of the two species, one (M. atlanticus) is native to the Atlantic, and the other (M. cyprinoides) to the Indo-Pacific Oceans.
Manuel Berberian
Manuel Berberian is an Iranian-Armenian earth scientist. He was born on the 27th of October 1945 into an immigrant Armenian family in Tehran. He specializes in earthquake seismology, active faulting and folding, active tectonics, continental tectonics, historical seismicity, archaeoseismicity, earthquake hazard minimization, geological mapping, and environmental science and engineering.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Austria 9
Austria 9 was an Austrian free-to-air generalist television network, owned by the German conglomerate ProSiebenSat.1 Media. Regulator RTR granted a license on 6 December 2007; broadcasts started at 12:12pm on 12 December 2007. The channel broadcast from the Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna.

It closed on 3 July 2012, being replaced by a local version of Sixx.

ProSiebenSat.1 Media
ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE (officially abbreviated as P7S1, formerly ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG) is a German mass media and digital company based in Unterföhring near Munich. MediaForEurope owns 75.61% of the company. It operates in three segments: Entertainment, Dating and Commerce & Ventures. The company is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
Clydesdale Bank £5 note
The Clydesdale Bank £5 note, also known informally as a fiver, is a sterling banknote. It is the smallest denomination of banknote issued by Clydesdale Bank. The current polymer note, first issued in 2015, bears an image of engineer William Arrol on the obverse and an image of the Forth Bridge on the reverse. It was the first fully polymer banknote to go into circulation in the United Kingdom.

Clydesdale Bank
Clydesdale Bank (Scottish Gaelic: Banca Dhail Chluaidh) is a trading name used by Clydesdale Bank plc for its retail banking operations in Scotland.

In June 2018, it was announced that Clydesdale Bank plc's holding company, CYBG, would acquire Virgin Money for £1.7 billion in an all-stock deal, and that Clydesdale Bank plc's Clydesdale Bank, Yorkshire Bank and B brands would be phased out in favour of Virgin Money's brand, including the renaming of parent company CYBG plc to Virgin Money UK plc. Clydesdale Bank, along with Virgin Money and Yorkshire Bank (B's rebrand to Virgin Money was completed in 2019), currently operate as trading divisions of Clydesdale Bank plc under its banking licence.

Clydesdale Bank is set to become a trading name of Nationwide Building Society on 2 April 2026, subject to court approval, after Nationwide's acquisition of Virgin Money UK plc in October 2024.
Killing of Kirsty Bentley
Kirsty Marianne Bentley (18 January 1983 – 31 December 1998) was a teenager living in Ashburton, New Zealand, who went missing while walking her family dog on the afternoon on 31 December 1998. After an extensive search lasting several weeks, her body was found in dense scrub approximately 40 km away. The New Zealand Police consider the case to be a homicide, and it remains one of the highest-profile unsolved murders in New Zealand.

Ashburton, New Zealand
Ashburton (Māori: Hakatere) is a large town in the Canterbury Region, on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It is the seat of the Ashburton District Council. It is 85 kilometres (53 mi) south west of Christchurch.

The town has a population of 21,600. It is the 29th-largest urban area in New Zealand and the fourth-largest urban area in the Canterbury Region, after Christchurch, Timaru and Rolleston.
New York State Route 18F
New York State Route 18F (NY 18F) is a 9.80-mile (15.77 km) long state highway in northwestern Niagara County, New York, in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is at an interchange with NY 104 and the Niagara Scenic Parkway just east of the village of Lewiston. The northern terminus is at an intersection with NY 18 near Four Mile Creek State Park in Porter. NY 18F parallels NY 18 for most of its alignment, taking a more westerly course than its parent. NY 18F is the only remaining suffixed route of NY 18.

The portion of modern NY 18F south of Youngstown was originally designated as part of NY 34 in 1924; however, NY 34 was absorbed into NY 18 as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. The change was part of a larger extension of NY 18 east to Rochester. NY 18 was realigned in 1949 to follow its modern alignment between Lewiston and Lake Ontario, at which time its former routing alongside the Niagara River became NY 18F.

1930 state highway renumbering (New York)
In January 1930, the U.S. state of New York implemented a major renumbering of its state highways. Many previously existing numbered routes were renumbered or realigned. At the same time, many state highways that were previously unnumbered received designations. Most of the highways with numbers in the 100s to 300s were assigned at this time.  Route numbers were assigned in clusters based on their general location.  Because some of these route numbers are no longer in use, the pattern of clusters is not fully apparent today.

Before 1930, the route numbering system in place had its origins in the 1920s. At the time, New York only assigned numbers to a small subset of its state highways.  Route numbers spanned from 1–80, with routes running primarily north–south having even numbers and routes generally running east–west having odd numbers. This scheme was abandoned with the advent of the U.S. Highway System in 1927. Some renumbering was done in 1927 to avoid overlapping route numbers.
Michel Murr
Michel Murr (Arabic: ميشال المرّ, 29 September 1931 – 31 January 2021) was a Lebanese politician and businessman. He served as member of parliament, deputy prime minister and interior minister and was a prominent lawmaker in the northern Metn region.

Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon
The office of Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon (Arabic: نائب رئيس مجلس الوزراء اللبناني, romanized: Nāʼib Raʼīs Majlis al-Wuzarāʼ al-Lubnānī) was formed in 1943. The National Pact stipulates that the Deputy Prime Minister should always be Greek Orthodox Christian.
Frank Kerby Fergusson
Frank Kerby Fergusson (February 28, 1874 – June 17, 1937) was a United States Army officer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He served in World War I and received the Distinguished Service Medal.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
Madison Ayson
Madison Francis Ayson (born January 22, 2001) is a professional soccer player who plays as a defender for A-League Women club Sydney FC. She played college soccer for the Stanford Cardinal and the Xavier Musketeers before starting her professional career with the Houston Dash of the NWSL and Canberra United. Born in the United States, she has been called up to represent the Philippines national team.

Canberra United FC
Canberra United Football Club is an Australian professional soccer club based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. Founded in 2008 by Capital Football, the club was an inaugural member of the W-League and the only club not affiliated with an A-League Men team. Canberra United currently competes in the A-League Women. Canberra's home stadium is McKellar Park and the club is a two-time champion and three-time premier of the W-League.
Covadonga Tomé
Covadonga Tomé Nestal (born 30 August 1970) is a Spanish pediatrician and politician. She was elected to the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias as Podemos's only deputy in 2023, and continued to sit as an independent following her expulsion from the party in the same year.

2023 Asturian regional election
The 2023 Asturian regional election was held on Sunday, 28 May 2023, to elect the 12th General Junta of the Principality of Asturias. All 45 seats in the General Junta were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in eleven other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.
Tom Daugherty
Tom Daugherty (born February 22, 1975) is a right-handed American professional ten-pin bowler residing in Riverview, Florida. He is a member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA), having joined in 2001.  He is one of the very few PBA bowlers to successfully use the one-handed no-thumb delivery, although he uses his thumb for most spares. While Daugherty has won four PBA Tour titles (including one major) and 25 PBA Regional titles, he is perhaps best known for rolling a nationally-televised 100 game at the 2011 PBA Tournament of Champions, the lowest score ever bowled in a televised PBA event.

Nicknamed "Rebel" and "Tampa Tom", Daugherty has accumulated 21 career 300 games in PBA events. He is a pro staff member for Hammer bowling balls, Dexter shoes, and Turbo Inserts.

PBA Regional Tour
The PBA Regional Tour is a series of "mini tours", run by the Professional Bowlers Association, spanning across seven regions within the United States. The Tour allows PBA members and qualifying non-member amateurs to compete in weekend events. The Tour consists of seven regions: Central, East, Midwest, Northwest, South, Southwest, and West.
Cecilie Leganger
Cecilie Leganger (born 12 March 1975) is a Norwegian retired handballer. Regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time, Leganger won the 1998 European Championship and the 1999 World Championship with the Norwegian national team, and received the IHF World Player of the Year award in 2001.

At club level, Leganger won 27 titles playing for clubs in Norway, Slovenia and Denmark, including three EHF Champions League titles. She made her debut for the Norwegian national team in 1993 at age 17. Leganger was voted the most valuable player at the 1993 World Championship, and included on the All-Star Team of four World Championships (1993, 1995, 1999, 2001) and two European Championships (1994, 1998). Leganger made 162 appearances and scored one goal for the national team until her retirement from international handball in 2004. She was inducted into the European Handball Hall of Fame in 2023.

1993 World Women's Handball Championship
The 1993 World Women's Handball Championship was the 11th World Championship in women's handball took place in Norway from 24 November to 5 December 1993 and was played between 16 nations. In the final it would be Germany would take home their first title as a unified nation as they defeated Denmark in extra-time 22–21.

Despite finishing 2nd, the World Championship marked the beginning of the Danish Golden generation known as the 'Iron Ladies'.
St Paul's Service
The Magnificat and Nunc dimittis for St Paul's Cathedral, also known as the St Paul's Service, is a setting by the English composer Herbert Howells of the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis for the Anglican service of Evensong. Scored for four-part choir and organ, it was written in 1950 for St Paul's Cathedral in London.

Evensong
Evensong is a church service traditionally held near twilight focused on singing psalms and other biblical canticles, usually in the Anglican church music tradition. It is loosely based on the canonical hours of vespers and compline. Old English speakers translated the Latin word vesperas as æfensang, which became 'evensong' in modern English. Typically used in reference to the Anglican daily office's evening liturgy, it can also refer to the pre-Reformation form of vespers or services of evening prayer from other denominations, particularly within the Anglican Use of the Catholic Church.
Butlers: Chitose Momotose Monogatari
Butlers: Chitose Momotose Monogatari (Butlers～千年百年物語～; "Butlers: A Millennium Century Story") is a Japanese anime television series produced by Silver Link. The series aired from April 12 to June 28, 2018. A manga adaptation began serialization on the Comic Newtype website in January 2018.

Silver Link
Silver Link, Inc. (株式会社シルバーリンク, Kabushiki-gaisha Shirubā Rinku; stylized as SILVER LINK.) is a Japanese animation studio. It was founded by ex-Frontline animation producer Hayato Kaneko in December 2007 and is based in Tokyo.
2007 Sigerson Cup
The 2007 Sigerson Cup was the 97th staging of the Sigerson Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1911.

The Sigerson Cup is the top division of university football in Ireland. It is administrated by the Higher Education committee which is part of the Gaelic Athletic Association.

The 2007 Sigerson Cup winners were Queen's University Belfast, who defeated UUJ in the final 0–15 to 0–14.

Winning caption: Daniel McCartan

Winning manager: James McCartan Jnr

Sigerson Cup
The Sigerson Cup /ˈsɪɡərsən/ is the trophy for the premier Gaelic football championship among Higher Education institutions (Universities, Colleges and Institutes of Technology) in Ireland. It traditionally begins in mid January and ends in late February. The Sigerson Cup competition is administered by Comhairle Ard Oideachais Cumann Lúthchleas Gael (CLG), the GAA's Higher Education Council.

The Trench Cup is the second tier football competition, Corn na Mac Léinn the third tier and Corn Comhairle Ardoideachais the fourth tier. The Fitzgibbon Cup is the hurling equivalent of the Sigerson Cup.
Joey Rickard
Joseph Mark Rickard (born May 21, 1991) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. Prior to his professional career, he played college baseball for the Arizona Wildcats of the University of Arizona, and was a member of the 2012 College World Series champions. The Tampa Bay Rays selected Rickard in the ninth round of the 2012 MLB draft. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut in 2016 with the Baltimore Orioles. He has also played in MLB for the San Francisco Giants.

Arizona Wildcats baseball
The Arizona Wildcats baseball team is the intercollegiate men's baseball program representing the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona, United States. They compete in the Big 12 Conference (Big 12) of NCAA Division I.

Arizona has won four college baseball national championships (1976, 1980, 1986 and 2012), the first three under Jerry Kindall and the most recent under Andy Lopez. The team has appeared in the College World Series Championship Game or Series on four other occasions (1956, 1959, 1963, and 2016). The Wildcats have appeared in 44 NCAA baseball tournaments in their rich history. Arizona ranks ninth in all-time wins and eight in all-time win percentage, with an all-time record of 3,068–1,674–22 (.646) as of the 2025 season.  Arizona fielded its first team in 1905.