hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seat bias
Seat bias is a property describing methods of apportionment. These are methods used to allocate seats in a parliament among federal states or among political parties. A method is biased if it systematically favors small parties over large parties, or vice versa. There are several mathematical measures of bias, which can disagree slightly, but all measures broadly agree that rules based on Droop's quota or Jefferson's method are strongly biased in favor of large parties, while rules based on Webster's method, Hill's method, or Hare's quota have low levels of bias, with the differences being sufficiently small that different definitions of bias produce different results.

Huntington–Hill method
The Huntington–Hill method, sometimes called method of equal proportions, is a highest averages method for assigning seats in a legislature to political parties or states. Since 1941, this method has been used to apportion the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives following the completion of each decennial census.

The method minimizes the relative difference in the number of constituents represented by each legislator. In other words, the method selects the allocation such that no transfer of a seat from one state to another can reduce the percent error in representation for both states.
Tō-no-Hetsuri Station
Tō-no-Hetsuri Station (塔のへつり駅, Tō-no-Hetsuri-eki) is a railway station on the Aizu Railway Aizu Line in the town of Shimogō, Minamiaizu District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Aizu Railway.

Aizu Line
The Aizu Railway Aizu Line (会津鉄道会津線, Aizu Tetsudō Aizu-sen) is a 57.4 km (35.7 mi) long railway line from Nishi-Wakamatsu Station in Aizuwakamatsu to Aizukōgen-Ozeguchi Station in Minamiaizu, Fukushima, Japan. It is owned and operated by Aizu Railway.
Michael Jeffery
Major General Philip Michael Jeffery (12 December 1937 – 18 December 2020) was a senior Australian Army officer and vice-regal representative. He was the 28th governor of Western Australia from 1993 to 2000, and the 24th governor-general of Australia, serving from 2003 to 2008.

From Perth, Western Australia, Jeffery graduated from the Royal Military College, Duntroon, and served in the Malayan Emergency and the Vietnam War, being awarded the Military Cross during the latter conflict.

Jeffery was at various stages commander of the Special Air Service Regiment and the 1st Division, and subsequently Deputy Chief of General Staff, before retiring from active service in 1993. After serving for seven years as Governor of Western Australia, Jeffery was appointed Governor-General of Australia in 2003, following the resignation of Peter Hollingworth. He was the first career Australian Army officer to hold the position, and was succeeded by Quentin Bryce.

Peter Hollingworth
Peter John Hollingworth (born 10 April 1935) is an Australian retired Anglican bishop. Engaged in social work for several decades, he served as the archbishop of the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane in Queensland for 11 years from 1989 and was the 1991 Australian of the Year. He served as the 23rd governor-general of Australia from 2001 until 2003. He is also an author and recipient of various civil and ecclesiastical honours. In May 2003 Hollingworth became the third Australian governor-general to resign, after criticisms were aired over his conduct as Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane in the 1990s.
Glossary of symplectic geometry
This is a glossary of properties and concepts in symplectic geometry in mathematics. The terms listed here cover the occurrences of symplectic geometry both in topology as well as in algebraic geometry (over the complex numbers for definiteness). The glossary also includes notions from Hamiltonian geometry, Poisson geometry and geometric quantization.

In addition, this glossary also includes some concepts (e.g., virtual fundamental class) in intersection theory that appear in symplectic geometry as they do not naturally fit into other lists such as the glossary of algebraic geometry.

Symplectic geometry
Symplectic geometry is a branch of differential geometry and differential topology that studies symplectic manifolds; that is, differentiable manifolds equipped with a closed, nondegenerate 2-form. Symplectic geometry has its origins in the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics where the phase space of certain classical systems takes on the structure of a symplectic manifold.
2004 Orlando mayoral election
The 2004 Orlando mayoral election took place on March 9, 2004. Incumbent Mayor Buddy Dyer, who was first elected in a 2003 special election, ran for re-election to a full term. He faced four opponents, including businessman Ken Mulvaney and retired police captain Sam Ings. Dyer narrowly avoided a runoff election and won a full term, receiving 51 percent of the vote to Mulvaney's 31 percent and Ings's 13 percent.

Mulvaney contested the election results, alleging that Dyer illegally paid a consultant $10,000 to collect absentee ballots from predominantly Black precincts. On March 10, 2005, Dyer was indicted by a grand jury for violating state election law, which prompted Governor Jeb Bush to suspend him from office and schedule a special election. On April 20, 2005, the charges were dropped against Dyer, he was returned to office, and the special election was cancelled.

2003 Orlando mayoral special election
The 2003 Orlando mayoral special election took place on February 25, 2003, following a primary election on February 4, 2003. Mayor Glenda Hood, who was last elected in 2000, resigned following her nomination as Secretary of State of Florida, triggering a special election.

Eight candidates ran in the special election, the largest number of candidates in city history. Former State Senator Buddy Dyer, former State Representative Bill Sublette advertising executive Pete Barr, attorney Tico Perez, and businessman Derrick Wallace emerged as the frontrunners. In the primary election, Dyer placed first, winning 33 percent of the vote, and he was followed by Barr, who won 22 percent of the vote. In the runoff election, though polls indicated a close race, Dyer defeated Barr in a landslide, winning 57 percent of the vote.
Koonammavu
Koonammavu (Malayalam: [kuːnɐmːaːʋə̆]) is a northern suburb of Kochi city which is associated in the Kochi metropolitan area. 
Koonammavu (Valluvally) is a census town in Kottuvally Panchayat, North Paravur Taluk, Ernakulam District, Kerala, India and lies between Edappally and North Paravur adjacent to Varappuzha.

Edappally
Edappally or Idappalli is a region in the city of Kochi, Kerala, India. It is a major commercial centre as well as a prominent residential region. Edappally junction is one of the busiest junctions in the city.
Seafair Cup
The Seafair Cup (branded as the HomeStreet Bank Cup for sponsorship reasons, and formerly the Albert Lee Appliance Cup), is an H1 Unlimited hydroplane boat race held annually in late July and early August on Lake Washington in Seattle, Washington. The race is the main attraction of the annual Seafair festival. Seattle has hosted the Seafair Cup consecutively since 1951. The event was part of the APBA Gold Cup for the following years: 1951 to 1955, 1957 to 1959, 1962, 1965, 1967, 1974, 1981, and 1985.

APBA Gold Cup
The APBA Gold Cup (originally known simply as the Gold Cup, a speedboat race) is an American  hydroplane boat race, named for the American Power Boat Association. It is now run as part of the H1 Unlimited season. First run in 1904, it is the oldest trophy in motorsports.

Starting in 1904, the Gold Cup consist of three heats, and starting in 1918 the heat distance was 30 statute miles. In 1963 the number of heats was increased to four, but the total distance was reduced to 60 statute miles. In 1976, the Unlimited Racing Commission adopted a winner-take-all format for all its races including the APBA Gold Cup. In 1981 the total number of heats was reduced to three with the total distance being reduced to 45 statute miles. Since 1983 the Gold Cup has been competed at various total distances ranging from 36 statute miles to 52.5 statute miles.

The drivers with the most Gold Cup victories are Chip Hanauer, and Dave Villwock with 11 victories.  Bill Muncey is second with eight.
Hamsterz Life
Hamsterz Life (Hamsterz in some territories) is a pet simulation and virtual pet video game in the Petz series, focusing on hamsters, for the Nintendo DS. It was developed by the Japanese company Digital Kids  and released in Japan as Rabu Rabu Hamusutā (LOVEラブハムスタ, Love Love Hamster).

In 2008, Petz: Bunnyz was released, which consited of the same game but with hamsters swapped with rabbits.

Petz
Petz is a series of single-player video games dating back to 1995, in which the player can adopt, raise, care for and breed their own virtual pets. Developed by PF.Magic, original Petz (Dogz and Catz) has sold over 1.5 million copies worldwide. The series has grown to over 22 million copies as of 2011 since coming under Ubisoft.
Pradeep Kumar Sinha
Pradeep Kumar Sinha (born 18 July 1955; IAST: Pradīpa Kumāra Sinhā; Hindi: प्रदीप कुमार सिन्हा) is a retired 1977 batch Indian Administrative Service officer of the Uttar Pradesh cadre, who is currently serving as Chairman of ICICI Bank and previously served as the 31st Cabinet Secretary of India. Prior to this he also served as the Power Secretary of India, and Shipping Secretary of India.

On August 30, 2019 Sinha was appointed as Officer on Special Duty in the Prime Minister's Office. And on 11 September 2019, he was appointed as Principal Advisor to Prime Minister of India, Narendra Damodardas Modi. He resigned from the aforementioned post on 16 March 2021 citing personal reasons.

Cabinet Secretary (India)
The cabinet secretary (ISO:मंत्रिमंडळ सचिव) is the top-most executive official and senior-most civil servant of the Government of India. The cabinet secretary is the ex-officio head of the Civil Services Board, the Cabinet Secretariat, the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), and all Civil Services of India work under the rules of business of the government.

The cabinet secretary is the senior most cadre post of the Indian Administrative Service, ranking eleventh on the Indian order of precedence. The cabinet secretary is under the direct charge of the prime minister. Since 2010, the cabinet secretary's term length was extended to a maximum of four years. Thereafter, amended in 2019 for further extension up to 1 year. In, total up to 5 years.
Armani Depaul
Armani Depaul (born Oakland, California, 1988), also known as Flav, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and director. Based in the Bay Area in Northern California, he operates the independent label Beach Boi Music.

He has released a number of singles, and collaborated with artists such as Stevie Joe, Iamsu!, Kool John, DJ Fresh, and Sage the Gemini. In 2012 he contributed production to the track "Try'na Get On" off the J. Stalin album Memoirs of a Curb Server. Since 2012, he's had a number of music videos on VEVO.

Sage the Gemini
Dominic Wynn Woods (born June 20, 1992), known professionally as Sage the Gemini (/seɪdʒ/), is an American rapper and record producer. He is a member of the Bay Area hip-hop collective HBK Gang, and is the only member of the group alongside Kehlani and LoveRance to have signed to a major label.

Woods is best known for his 2013 singles "Gas Pedal" (featuring Iamsu!) and "Red Nose," which peaked at numbers 29 and 59 on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively. Both songs preceded his debut studio album Remember Me (2014), which was released by Republic Records and saw moderate critical and commercial reception. That same year, his guest appearance alongside Lookas on Flo Rida's 2014 single, "Going Down For Real (GDFR)" peaked at number eight on the chart and received quadruple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
Abdel Hakim Amer
Mohamed Abdel Hakim Amer (Arabic: محمد عبد الحكيم عامر, IPA: [mæˈħæmmæd ʕæbdelħæˈkiːm ˈʕæːmeɾ]; 11 December 1919 – 13 September 1967), better known as Abdel Hakim Amer, was an Egyptian military officer and politician. Amer served in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and played a leading role in the military coup that overthrew King Farouk in 1952.  After leading Egyptian forces in the 1956 Suez war, he was appointed Minister for Defense by President Gamal Abdel Nasser and was Egyptian Vice President between 1958 and 1965.

Farouk of Egypt
Farouk I (/fəˈruːk/; Arabic: فاروق الأول, romanized: Fārūq al-Awwal; 11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936 and reigning until his overthrow in a military coup in 1952.

His full title was "His Majesty Farouk I, by the grace of God, King of Egypt and the Sudan". As king, Farouk was known for his extravagant playboy lifestyle. While initially popular, his reputation eroded due to the corruption and incompetence of his government. He was overthrown in the 1952 coup d'état and forced to abdicate in favour of his infant son, Ahmed Fuad, who succeeded him as Fuad II. Farouk died in exile in Italy in 1965.

His sister, Princess Fawzia bint Fuad, was the first wife and consort of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
East Ballarat Football Club
The East Ballarat Football Club was an Australian rules football club which competed in the Ballarat Football League.

First formed in 1885 the club remained a junior club in their district, their senior club being Ballarat Imperial Football Club.

The upheaval of the 1930s in which the Ballarat competition merged with the Wimmera league for three years resulted with the dissolving of the Imperial. Reformed during the WWII the club in 1944 was promoted to the top level BFL competition. They won six premierships in 1949, 1950, 1964, 1989, 1990 & 1993.

They merged with Golden Point in 2001 to form the East Point Football Club.

Ballarat Imperial Football Club
The Ballarat Imperial Football Club was an Australian rules football club that competed in the Ballarat Football League (BFL). The club was one of the most successful teams in the league, winning 17 premierships before it was dissolved in 1955.
Qana
Qana (Arabic: قانا), also spelled Cana, Canna or Kana, is a municipality in southern Lebanon located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the city of Tyre and 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of the border with Israel, in an area historically known as Upper Galilee. Qana is known for its antiquity, as well as possibly being the place where Jesus of Nazareth and his mother Mary visited and attended a wedding. It is revered by Lebanese Christians and Muslims alike. The municipality is also known for the two massacres of civilian caused by the Israeli Defense Forces during military operations in Lebanon.

The 10,000 residents of Qana are primarily Shia although there is also a Melkite (Greek Catholic) Christian community in the village.

Southern Lebanon
Southern Lebanon (Arabic: جنوب لبنان, romanized: Janūb Lubnān) is the area of Lebanon comprising the South Governorate and the Nabatiye Governorate. The two entities were divided from the same province in the early 1990s. The Rashaya and Western Beqaa districts, the southernmost districts of the Beqaa Governorate.

The main cities of the region are Sidon and Tyre on the coast, with Jezzine and Nabatiyeh more inland. The cazas of Bint Jbeil, Tyre, and Nabatieh in Southern Lebanon are known for their large Shi'a Muslim population with a minority of Christians. Sidon is predominantly Sunni, with the rest of the caza of Sidon having a Shi'a Muslim majority, with a considerable Christian minority, mainly Melkite Greek Catholics. The cazas of Jezzine and Marjeyoun have a Christian majority and also Shia Muslims. The villages of Ain Ebel, Debel, Qaouzah, and Rmaich are entirely Christian Maronite. The caza of Hasbaya has a Druze majority.
AFL Women's Grand Final
The AFL Women's Grand Final is an annual women's Australian rules football match to determine the AFL Women's (AFLW) premiers for that year. Each year, the winning club receives a premiership trophy and premiership flag; all players in the winning team receive a premiership medallion.

The record attendance is 53,034, which was set at the 2019 AFL Women's Grand Final.

2019 AFL Women's Grand Final
The 2019 AFL Women's Grand Final was an Australian rules football match held at Adelaide Oval on 31 March 2019 to determine the premiers of the league's third season. Admission was free to the general public, and the match between Adelaide and Carlton was contested before a crowd of 53,034 – which at that time was the record for a stand-alone women's sporting event in Australia. It was won by Adelaide, 10.3 (63) to 2.6 (18), and Adelaide claimed its second premiership in three years. Its co-captain Erin Phillips was voted best on ground, despite suffering an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the third quarter.
2019 Paris–Roubaix
The 2019 Paris–Roubaix was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 14 April 2019 in France. It was the 117th edition of Paris–Roubaix and the 16th event of the 2019 UCI World Tour. It was won by Philippe Gilbert in a sprint ahead of Nils Politt, with Yves Lampaert finishing in third place.

2019 UCI World Tour
The 2019 UCI World Tour was a series of races that included thirty-eight road cycling events throughout the 2019 men's cycling season. It was the first time since the World Tour was launched by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in 2009 that it was not a ranking competition in its own right. The tour started with the opening stage of the Tour Down Under on 15 January and concluded with the final stage of the Tour of Guangxi on 22 October.
Squad Busters
Squad Busters is a player versus player online mobile action game developed and published by the video game company Supercell. The game was released on May 29, 2024 for Android, iOS and HarmonyOS.

The game is a crossover of other video games by Supercell, featuring characters from Clash of Clans, Clash Royale, Brawl Stars, Hay Day, and Boom Beach.

In October 2025, Supercell announced a plan to sunset Squad Busters. A final update was released in December 2025 and servers will shut down in the second half of 2026.

Brawl Stars
Brawl Stars is a multiplayer online battle arena and hero shooter video game developed and published by Finnish video game company Supercell. The game was released worldwide on 12 December 2018, on iOS and Android platforms. The game features a variety of game modes, each with a distinctive objective. Players are able to choose from a large selection of unlockable characters, called "Brawlers", who each have different abilities and playstyles.
Annweiler am Trifels station
Annweiler am Trifels station is the main station in the town of Annweiler am Trifels in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Deutsche Bahn classifies it as a category 5 station and it has three platform tracks. The station is located in the network of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (Rhine-Neckar transport association, VRN) and belongs to fare zones 181 and 191. Since 2002, Annweiler has also been part of the area served by the Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund (Karlsruhe Transport Association, KVV) using tickets at a transitional rate. Annweiler was always the most important station between Landau (Pfalz) Hbf and Pirmasens Nord and it used to be served by long-distance services.

It was opened on 12 September 1874, when the first section of the line from Landau went into operation. 14 months later, it was connected with Zweibrücken and became a through station. This developed into the modern Landau–Rohrbach railway, which has existed in its present form since 1895.

Pirmasens Nord station
Pirmasens Nord (north) station is a station opened in 1875 seven kilometres north of Pirmasens in the municipality of Thaleischweiler-Fröschen in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The station is located next to the hamlet of  Biebermühle, which it was named after until 1936. It is the main station within the district of Südwestpfalz.
2026 New York State Senate election
The 2026 New York State Senate election will be held on November 3, 2026. Primary elections will be held on June 23, 2026. It will be held alongside elections for governor, attorney general, comptroller, United States House of Representatives, and State Assembly.

In the 2024 election, the Democratic Party retained its State Senate majority, but lost its veto-proof (two-thirds) majority after it lost one seat in the election for the 17th Senate district.

Candidates must file paperwork between March 30 and April 2, 2026, to run.

2024 New York State Senate election
The 2024 New York State Senate election was held on November 5, 2024. Primary elections were held on June 25, 2024. In this election, the Democratic Party retained its State Senate majority, but lost its veto-proof (two-thirds) majority after it lost one seat in the election for the 17th Senate district.
Red Army strategic operations in World War II
Red Army strategic operations were major military events carried out between 1941 and 1945 on the Eastern Front or in 1945 in the Far East during the Second World War. Such operations typically involved at least one front: the largest military formation of the Soviet Armed Forces. The operations could be defensive, offensive, a withdrawal, an encirclement, or a siege, always conducted by at least two services of the armed forces (the ground and air forces), and often included the navy. In most cases, the Stavka divided strategic operations into operational phases (large operations in their own right). In a few cases the phases were tactical, such as amphibious landings.

Soviet–Japanese War
The Soviet–Japanese War was a campaign of the Second World War that began with the Soviet invasion of Manchuria following the Soviet declaration of war against Japan on 8 August 1945. The Soviet Union and Mongolian People's Republic toppled the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo in Manchuria and Mengjiang in Inner Mongolia, as well as northern Korea, Karafuto on the island of Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands. The defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army helped bring about the Japanese surrender and the end of World War II. The Soviet entry into the war showed that the Soviet Union would not act as a third party in negotiating a conditional end to hostilities, and thus was a factor in the Japanese government's decision to surrender unconditionally.
2024 Mari El State Assembly election
The 2024 State Assembly of the Mari El Republic election took place on 6–8 September 2024, on common election day. All 52 seats in the State Assembly were up for reelection.

United Russia retained its majority in the State Assembly, winning 61% of the vote. Liberal Democratic Party of Russia and Communist Party of the Russian Federation suffered heavy losses, while A Just Russia – For Truth lost its entire three-member delegation.

2024 Russian elections
The 2024 Russian elections were held in large part, on Sunday, 8 September 2024 (single election day), with several regions allowing voting on 6 and 7 September. There were three by-elections to the 8th State Duma, 19 gubernatorial elections (16 direct and three indirectly elected), 13 regional parliamentary elections, and many elections on the municipal level.