hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Java Platform Debugger Architecture
The Java Platform Debugger Architecture (JPDA) is a collection of APIs to debug Java code.

Java Debugger Interface (JDI) – defines a high-level Java language interface that developers can easily use to write remote debugger application tools.

Java Virtual Machine Tools Interface (JVMTI) – a native interface that helps to inspect the state and to control the execution of applications running in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Java Virtual Machine Debug Interface (JVMDI) – JVMDI was deprecated in J2SE 5.0 in favor of JVM TI, and was removed in Java SE 6.

Java Debug Wire Protocol (JDWP) – defines communication between debugger and debuggee (a Java application) processes.

Java virtual machine
A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages, other languages referred to as JVM languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode. The JVM is detailed by a specification that formally describes what is required in a JVM implementation. Having a specification ensures interoperability of Java programs across different implementations so that program authors using the Java Development Kit (JDK) need not worry about idiosyncrasies of the underlying hardware platform.

The JVM reference implementation is developed by the OpenJDK project as open source code and includes a JIT compiler called HotSpot. The commercially supported Java releases available from Oracle are based on the OpenJDK runtime. Eclipse OpenJ9 is another open source JVM for OpenJDK.
Pradip Gogoi
Pradip Gogoi (Assamese: প্ৰদীপ গগৈ), alias Samiran Gogoi, is the Vice-Chairman and a founder member of the outlawed outfit ULFA in Assam. He was arrested in Kolkata by West Bengal Police on 8 April 1998 and put in judicial custody at Guwahati. A former electricity board employee, Gogoi hails from Sibsagar district of Assam. Since his arrest he has been facing 6 TADA cases.

Sivasagar
Sivasagar (Assamese: [xi.βɔ.xaɡɔ(ɹ)]) is a city and headquarter of the Sivasagar district, Assam. Sivasagar City It is well known for its Ahom palaces and monuments. Sivasagar is an important centre for tea and oil industries today.
Roma Education Fund
The Roma Education Fund (REF) is a non-governmental organization established within the framework of the Decade of Roma Inclusion by Open Society Foundations (formerly Open Society Institute) and the World Bank in 2005.

Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".
Duffield Frith
Duffield Frith was, in medieval times, an area of Derbyshire in England, part of that bestowed upon Henry de Ferrers (or Ferrars) by King William, controlled from his seat at Duffield Castle. From 1266 it became part of the Duchy of Lancaster and from 1285 it was a Royal Forest with its own Forest Courts.

It extended from Duffield to Wirksworth and from Hulland to Heage. Most of it became the ancient parish of Duffield, which contained the townships of Hazlewood, Holbrook, Makeney and Milford, Shottle, and Windley, and the chapelries of Belper, Heage and Turnditch. The chapelry of Belper – or "Beaureper" –  was built by the Duke of Lancaster for the use of the foresters.

The area had been noted for centuries for the quantity of deer, mostly fallow, but there was also wild boar. There were also wolves, at least until the end of the thirteenth century.

Fallow deer
Fallow deer is the common name for species of deer in the genus Dama of subfamily Cervinae. The two living species are the European fallow deer (Dama dama), native to Europe and Anatolia, and the Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica), native to the Middle East. The European species has been widely introduced elsewhere.
Paul Humphreys (philosopher)
Paul Humphreys (1950-2022) was a British professor of philosophy at the University of Virginia, specialising in philosophy of science, metaphysics, and epistemology. His interests included the metaphysics and epistemology of emergence, computational science, empiricism and realism.

Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.

Emergence plays a central role in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry and physics.

In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called emergentism.
Lev Karsavin
Lev (Leo) Platonovich Karsavin (Russian: Лев Платонович Карсавин; Lithuanian: Levas Karsavinas; 13 December 1882 – 17 or 20 July 1952) was a Russian religious philosopher, historian-medievalist, and poet.

Nikolai Berdyaev
Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (/bərˈdjɑːjɛf, -jɛv/; Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Бердя́ев; 18 March [O.S. 6 March] 1874 – 24 March 1948) was a Russian philosopher, theologian, and Christian existentialist who emphasized the existential spiritual significance of human freedom and the human person.
The Spirit of Christmas 1996
The Spirit of Christmas 1996 is the fourth compilation album of Christmas-associated tracks in the annual Spirit of Christmas series. It was released in Australia in November 1996 with proceeds going to the Starlight Foundation. The compilation has contributions from various Australian artists and was produced by Lindsay Field (also compiler) and Glenn Wheatley. It was issued on cassette and CD by Myer Grace Bros. and distributed by Sony BMG.

Myer
Myer (stylised MYER) is an Australian mid-range to upscale department store. It trades in all Australian states and one of Australia's two self-governing territories. Myer retails a broad range of products across women's, men's, and children's clothing, as well as footwear and accessories, cosmetics and fragrance, homewares, electrical, connected home, furniture, toys, books and stationery, food and confectionery, and travel goods.

Myer's primary department store rival is David Jones. The Myer Group also comprises the fashion brands Sass & Bide, Marcs, David Lawrence, Just Jeans, Jay Jays, Jacqui E, Portmans and Dotti.

Australian model, and Miss Universe 2004, Jennifer Hawkins was the long-serving 'face of Myer' for 12 years, until her departure from the role in 2018.
2018 Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election
The Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election of October 2018 was for the election of the Governor and Vice Governor of Rio de Janeiro and 70 State Deputies. People also voted for 2 of 3 Senators of the state representation in the Federal legislative power, with 45 federal deputies representatives of the Rio de Janeiro State. A second round was held after no candidate managed to secure more than 50% of the Governor votes.

The previous gubernatorial election in the state was held in October 2014. Supported by the Brazilian Democratic Movement, Luiz Fernando Pezão was re-elected in second round with 55.78% of the votes, against 44.22% of Marcelo Crivella.

In the second round runoff, Wilson Witzel was elected Governor of Rio de Janeiro.

Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro
22°54′14″S 43°10′26″W﻿ / ﻿22.90389°S 43.17389°W﻿ / -22.90389; -43.17389

The Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro or ALERJ) is the unicameral legislature of the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. It has 70 state deputies elected by proportional representation.

After the 1834 Additional Act, the Provincial Assembly was founded in the city of Vila Real de Praia Grande (now Niterói), after the unification of the states of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro on March 15, 1975 the assembly was moved to the Tiradentes Palace in the city of Rio de Janeiro (site of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil until 1960).
Counts of Vianden
The Counts of Vianden, ancestors of the House of Orange-Nassau, were associated with the castle of Vianden (Vianden Castle) in Luxembourg.

In the 12th to 15th centuries the counts of Vianden were the mightiest lords of the area between the rivers Rhine, Mosel and Maas. Their territory was in modern Vianden canton, Luxemburg and Bitburg-Prüm, Germany.

One recognition of their importance was that Henry I of Vianden (c. 1200–1252) in 1216 married Margaret, Marchioness of Namur (c. 1194–1270) of the Capetian House of Courtenay, and daughter of Peter II of Courtenay (1167–1217), emperor of Constantinople. It was the peak of its power, but in 1264 Vianden became a vassal to the counts of Luxembourg. Godefroid I participated in the Battle of Worringen in 1288 as a vassal to the Duchy of Brabant. The male line of the ruling house of Vianden became extinct in 1337.

Duchy of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant, a state of the Holy Roman Empire, was established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant of 1085–1183, and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries. The Duchy comprised part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, until it was partitioned after the Dutch revolt of 1566–1648.

The 1648 Peace of Westphalia ceded present-day North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) to the Generality Lands of the Dutch Republic, while the reduced duchy remained part of the Habsburg Netherlands until French Revolutionary forces conquered it in 1794 — a change recognized by the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797.

Today all the duchy's former territories, apart from exclaves, are divided between Belgium and the Dutch province of North Brabant.
Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006
Germany was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with the song "No No Never", written by Jane Comerford, and performed by the band Texas Lightning. The German participating broadcaster on behalf of ARD, Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR), organised the national final Der deutsche Vorentscheid 2006 – 50 Jahre Grand Prix in order to select their entry for the contest. The national final took place on 9 March 2006 and featured three competing acts with the winner being selected through public televoting. "No No Never" performed by Texas Lightning was selected as the German entry for Athens after gaining 365,361 of votes.

As a member of the "Big Four", Germany automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 8, Germany placed fourteenth out of the 24 participating countries with 36 points.

Norddeutscher Rundfunk
Norddeutscher Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈnɔʁtˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "North German Broadcasting"), commonly shortened to NDR (pronounced [ˌɛndeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. NDR is a member of ARD, the joint organisation of German public broadcasters.
Invasion of Banu Nadir
The invasion of Banu Nadir took place in May 625 CE (Rabi' al-awwal, AH) 4. The account is related in Surah Al-Hashr (Chapter 59 - The Gathering) which describes the banishment of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir, who were expelled from Medina when believed to be plotting to assassinate the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Banu Nadir
The Banu Nadir (Arabic: بَنُو ٱلنَّضِير, Hebrew: בני נדיר) were a Jewish Arabian tribe that lived in northern Arabia at the oasis of Medina until the 7th century. They were probably a part of the Constitution of Medina, which was formed after Muhammad's Hijrah. Tensions rose between the Muslims and the Banu Nadir after the Battle of Uhud, which prompted a clash between the two, resulting in the expulsion of the latter. The tribe then planned the Battle of the Trench together with the Quraysh and later participated in the battle of Khaybar.
Robert Bell (Canadian geologist)
Robert Bell ISO FRSC (June 3, 1841 – June 18, 1917) was a Canadian geologist, professor and civil servant. He is considered one of Canada’s greatest exploring scientists, having named over 3,000 geographical features.

Imperial Service Order
The Imperial Service Order was established by King Edward VII in August 1902. It was awarded on retirement to the administration and clerical staff of the Civil Service throughout the British Empire for long and meritorious service. Normally a person must have served for 25 years to become eligible, but this might be shortened to 16 years for those serving in unhealthy climates abroad. There is one class: Companion. Both men and women are eligible, and recipients of this order are entitled to use the post-nominal letters 'ISO'.
Charles K. Armstrong
Charles King Armstrong (born February 11, 1962) is an American historian of North Korea. From 2005 to 2020, he worked as the Korea Foundation Professor of Korean Studies at Columbia University, spending his last year on sabbatical after the university's determination that he had committed extensive plagiarism. Armstrong's works dealt with revolutions, cultures of socialism, architectural history, and diplomatic history in the contexts of East Asia and modern Korea, with a focus on North Korea.

His 2013 book, Tyranny of the Weak, won the John K. Fairbank Prize, but he returned it in 2017 after the American Historical Association asked him to account for issues with the citations, including plagiarism and source fabrication. He was investigated by Columbia in 2020 relating to rape accusations from a student, where he was found guilty of "harassment" and violating school policy prohibiting sexual relations of professors with students. He left Columbia in June 2020.

John K. Fairbank Prize
The John K. Fairbank Prize in East Asian History is offered annually for an outstanding book in the history of China proper, Vietnam, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, Manchuria, Korea, or Japan, substantially after 1800. It honors the late John K. Fairbank, Francis Lee Higginson Professor of History and director of the East Asian Research Center at Harvard University, and president of the American Historical Association in 1968. Only books of high scholarly and literary merit will be considered. Anthologies, edited works, and pamphlets are ineligible for the competition.
October 2005 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Monday, October 17, 2005, with an umbral magnitude of 0.0645. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 3.1 days before perigee (on October 14, 2005, at 10:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Grand Prix de la Ville de Nice
The Grand Prix de la Ville de Nice is a steeplechase race reserved for Group 3 five-year-olds and older. This test is run over a distance of 4,600 metres and takes place in January on the racetrack of Cagnes-sur-Mer. The current purse is €140,000.

Hippodrome de la Côte d'Azur
The Hippodrome de la Côte d'Azur is a racecourse which is located in the town of Cagnes-sur-Mer. It opened with temporary facilities in 1952, and was officially opened in December 1960. The most prestigious trotting race is the Grand Criterium speed of the Riviera, which is one of the great classics of trotting season Europe.
Merger of Delta Air Lines and Northwest Airlines
On April 14, 2008, Delta Air Lines and Northwest Airlines announced a merger agreement. The merger of the two carriers formed what was then the largest commercial airline in the world, with 786 aircraft. The Delta Air Lines brand was retained, while Northwest's brand officially ended in 2010.

Delta Air Lines
Delta Air Lines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, operating nine hubs, with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being its largest in terms of total passengers and number of departures. With its regional subsidiaries and contractors operating under the brand name Delta Connection, Delta has over 5,400 flights daily and serves 325 destinations in 52 countries on six continents.

Delta is a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. It is the second-oldest operating commercial airline in the U.S. It ranks first in revenue and brand value among the world's largest airlines, and second by number of passengers carried and passenger miles flown.
Charles Atkinson-Grimshaw
Charles Richard Atkinson-Grimshaw (17 December 1877 – 14 October 1933) was an English footballer who played for Belgian club Racing Club de Bruxelles  as a forward. He was topscorer in the Belgian First Division in the 1899–1900 season.

He was the son of Charles William Atkinson-Grimshaw, a retired soldier who died in Bruges in 1892, and Charlotte Honoria Louise Digby Wright. Atkinson-Grimshaw died in Florence, Italy, where he worked at the British Consulate.

Belgian Pro League top scorers
The following is the list of Belgian Pro League top scorers by season, since the inception of the Belgian First Division A in 1895 until the present day.

Arthur Ceuleers and Jules Van Craen hold the record for most goals in a single season Erwin Vandenbergh holds the record for most awards won, with six wins. The most recent top scorer of the Belgian First Division A is Hamdi Harbaoui.
Isao Takagi
Isao Takagi (高木 功, Takagi Isao; born November 8, 1961) who goes by the ring name Arashi (嵐), is a Japanese professional wrestler from Moriguchi, Osaka Prefecture, who works for Dradition. He has previously worked for All Japan Pro Wrestling.

Dradition
Dradition Pro-Wrestling (Japanese: ドラディション, Hepburn: Doradishon; Dradition for short) is an independent Japanese professional wrestling promotion that, until 2008, was known as Muga World Pro Wrestling (無我ワールド・プロレスリング, Muga Wārudo Puroresuringu). The promotion was founded by and is owned by puroresu legend Tatsumi Fujinami, who has owned and operated it since its creation in August 2006.

The name of the promotion is a portmanteau of the words "tradition" and "dragon": the first term refers to the type of traditional wrestling promoted by Dradition, the so-called Inoki's "strong style", the second one is referred to Fujinami's nickname "The Dragon".

They run, on average, one show every 2–3 months and feature their talent as well as participation from other promotions including Dramatic Dream Team, Ice Ribbon and SMASH, usually freelancers but now & then with participation from the major federations. Some of their talent frequently appears elsewhere as well.
Denis Robert
Denis Robert (French pronunciation: [dəni ʁɔbɛʁ]; born 9 May 1958) is a French investigative journalist, novelist and filmmaker. He formerly worked for twelve years for the newspaper Libération. Robert's books, films and press interviews, denouncing the opaque workings of the Clearstream clearing house, earned him into more than 60 lawsuits in France, Belgium and Luxembourg by banks, such as Bank Menatep (a Russian bank) and BGL (BNP Paribas Fortis), as well as the Clearstream company. In 2008, he was involved in a polemic with Philippe Val (former director of the magazine Charlie Hebdo) and journalist Edwy Plenel in relation to the Clearstream affair.

On 3 February 2011, after ten years of litigation, Robert was cleared by the Court of Cassation of his conviction for both of his books Révélation$ and La Boîte noire, as well as for his documentary film Les Dissimulateurs. Robert is also a painter, whose work is displayed in Paris art galleries.

BGL BNP Paribas
BGL BNP Paribas (formerly Banque Générale du Luxembourg or BGL) is the subsidiary of BNP Paribas in Luxembourg, which roots going back to the Banque Générale du Luxembourg (BGL) founded in 1919 by mostly Belgian stakeholders. Part of the BNP Paribas Group since May 2009, it was the second-largest bank in Luxembourg by total assets as of end-2023 (at €52.7 billion), behind the state-owned Banque et Caisse d'Épargne de l'État.

In 2011, BGL BNP Paribas had been the second-largest private-sector employer in the country, behind ArcelorMittal. In 2014, BGL BNP Paribas was ranked by The Banker magazine as the top bank in Luxembourg based on tier 1 capital.
Ituano FC
Ituano Futebol Clube, commonly referred to as simply Ituano, is a Brazilian association football club in Itu, São Paulo. They currently play in the Série C, the third tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paulista Série A2, the second tier of the São Paulo state football league.

Founded on May 24, 1947, Ituano won the São Paulo State League twice.

The club's home colours are red and black and the team mascot is a rooster.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Peet Memorial Training College
Peet Memorial Training College is located at Mavelikara, in the district of Alappuzha in Kerala, India .  The college is a Private aided minority educational institution managed by Madhya Kerala Diocese of the Church of South India (CSI), affiliated with the University of Kerala, and recognized by the University Grants Commission and the National Council for Teacher Education. The Peet Memorial Training College was accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council with an A grade.

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Rick Brennan
Richard Thomas Brennan, Jr. (August 15, 1968 – May 15, 2021) was a rear admiral in the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps where he served as the 31st director of the Office of Coast Survey, replacing Shepard Smith. He also commanded NOAA Ship Rainier and NOAA Ship Rude.

In 2020 Brennan was elected the president of The Hydrographic Society of America. Later in 2021, he was inducted into the Hydrographer Hall of Fame. The NOAA Rear Admiral Richard T. Brennan Ocean Mapping Matching Fund program established by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is named after Brennan.

Office of Coast Survey
The Office of Coast Survey is the official chartmaker of the United States. It is an element of the National Ocean Service in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which is part of the United States Department of Commerce.