hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
LZ 2
The  LZ 2 was a German experimental airship constructed by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and first flown in 1905. It was the true ancestor of later Zeppelin airship designs. The major mistakes made by Kübler in the design of the LZ 1 were not repeated: the designer, Ludwig Dürr, who was to head the design of all subsequent Zeppelins, used triangular-section girders instead of Kübler's flat girders, and elevators instead of a lead weight to control pitch. The life of the LZ 2 was brief, consisting of only one real flight.

Zeppelin LZ 1
The Zeppelin LZ 1 was the first successful experimental rigid airship. It was first flown from a floating hangar on Lake Constance, near Friedrichshafen in southern Germany, on 2 July 1900. "LZ" stood for Luftschiff Zeppelin, or "Airship Zeppelin".
Pluggable Authentication Service
Pluggable Authentication Services (PAS) allows a SAP user to be authenticated outside of SAP. When the user is authenticated by an external service, the PAS will issue an SAP Logon Ticket or x.509 Certificate which will be used for future authentication into SAP systems. The PAS is generally regarded as an opportunity for companies to either use a new external authentication system or an existing external authentication system. In some cases, the PAS is used with an external single sign-on system that uses SAP Logon Tickets or x.509 certificates.

SAP Logon Ticket
SAP Logon Tickets represent user credentials in SAP systems. When enabled, users can access multiple SAP applications and services through SAP GUI and web browsers without further username and password inputs from the user. SAP Logon Tickets can also be a vehicle for enabling single sign-on across SAP boundaries; in some cases, logon tickets can be used to authenticate into 3rd party applications such as Microsoft-based web applications.
Deterministic context-free language
In formal language theory, deterministic context-free languages (DCFL) are  a proper subset of  context-free languages. They are context-free languages that can be accepted by a deterministic pushdown automaton. DCFLs are always unambiguous, meaning that they admit an unambiguous grammar. There are non-deterministic unambiguous CFLs, so DCFLs form a proper subset of unambiguous CFLs.

DCFLs are of great practical interest, as they can be parsed in linear time, and various restricted forms of DCFGs admit simple practical parsers. They are thus widely used throughout computer science.

Ambiguous grammar
In computer science, an ambiguous grammar is a context-free grammar for which there exists a string that can have more than one leftmost derivation or parse tree. Every non-empty context-free language admits an ambiguous grammar by introducing e.g. a duplicate rule. A language that only admits ambiguous grammars is called an inherently ambiguous language. Deterministic context-free grammars are always unambiguous, and are an important subclass of unambiguous grammars; there are non-deterministic unambiguous grammars, however.

For computer programming languages, the reference grammar is often ambiguous, due to issues such as the dangling else problem. If present, these ambiguities are generally resolved by adding precedence rules or other context-sensitive parsing rules, so the overall phrase grammar is unambiguous. Some parsing algorithms (such as Earley or GLR parsers) can generate sets of parse trees (or "parse forests") from strings that are syntactically ambiguous.
Bradford Parkinson
Bradford Parkinson (born February 16, 1935) is an American engineer and inventor, retired United States Air Force Colonel and Emeritus Professor at Stanford University. He is best known as the lead architect, advocate and developer, with early contributions from Ivan Getting and Roger Easton, of the Air Force NAVSTAR program, better known as Global Positioning System.

He was also the co-principal investigator (co-PI) and program manager on Gravity Probe B, which tested gravitomagnetism and was the first direct mechanical test of Einstein’s General Relativity.

He has received numerous awards and honors for GPS and contributions to engineering and invention, including the Charles Stark Draper Prize, National Inventors Hall of Fame, and IEEE Medal of Honor, among others.  In 2019, Bradford Parkinson shared the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering with three other GPS pioneers (James Spilker, Hugo Freuhauf, and Richard Schwartz).

Charles Stark Draper Prize
The National Academy of Engineering awards the Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering, which is given for the advancement of engineering and the education of the public about engineering. It is one of three prizes that constitute the "Nobel Prizes of Engineering"—the others are the Academy's Russ and Gordon Prizes. The Draper Prize is awarded biennially and the winner of each of these prizes receives $500,000. The Draper Prize is named for Charles Stark Draper, the "father of inertial navigation", an MIT professor and founder of Draper Laboratory.
Count of Elda
Count of Elda (Spanish: Conde de Elda) is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain accompanied by the dignity of Grandee, granted in 1577 by Philip II to Juan Coloma, who was Viceroy of Sardinia.

The name makes reference to the town of Elda in Alicante.

Juan IV Coloma y Cardona, 1st Count of Elda
Juan IV Coloma y Cardona, 1st Count of Elda, (circa 1522 – Elda, province of Alicante, Spain, 19 October 1586) was the 3rd Sieur of Elda, the Governor of Alicante Castle, Count of Elda and Viceroy of Sardinia between 1570-1577.
Brazil v Exeter City F.C. (1914)
Brazil vs. Exeter City F.C. was the first match involving the Brazil national football team. The match was part of the Exeter City tour of South America where the team played against Argentine and Brazilian teams, just like other British clubs toured before and after during the first years of football in the region.

British football clubs tours to South America
British football clubs tours over South America contributed to the spread and develop of football in the region during the first years of the 20th century. The first club to tour on the region was Southampton F.C. in 1904, followed by several teams (mainly from England although some Scottish clubs also visited South America) until 1929 with Chelsea F.C. being the last team to tour.

During those 25 years of tours, British teams' performances were decreasing while the South American squads' style of playing improved. Indeed, Southampton won all of their matches in 1904 with 40 goals scored in 1904 while Chelsea was defeated eight times (over 16 games played) in their 1929 tour.
Phyllis Coard
Phyllis Coard (née Evans, 2 November 1943 – 6 September 2020) was a Jamaican-born Grenadian social worker, women's rights activist, communist, revolutionary, educator, writer and politician. She was founder member and president of the National Women's Organisation (NWO), was a minister in the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG), was a central committee member of Grenada's New JEWEL Movement (NJM) party, and was the only woman member of the "Grenada 17" group who were controversially convicted for ordering the murder of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop in 1983.

Maurice Bishop
Maurice Rupert Bishop (29 May 1944 – 19 October 1983) was a Grenadian revolutionary, politician and the leader of the New JEWEL Movement (NJM), a party that sought to prioritise socio-economic development, education and true black liberation. The NJM came to power on 13 March 1979 and ushered in the Grenada revolution and installed the People's Revolutionary Government which removed Prime Minister Eric Gairy from office. Bishop headed the People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada (PRG) from 1979 to 1983. In October 1983, he was deposed as Prime Minister and executed during a coup engineered internally by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard. This quickly led to the demise of the PRG.
Alabama State Route 104
State Route 104 (SR 104) is a 10.769-mile-long (17.331 km) state highway completely within Baldwin County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. The western terminus of the highway is at an intersection with U.S. Route 98 (US 98) in Fairhope. The eastern terminus of the highway is at an intersection with SR 59 in Robertsdale.

Alabama State Route 59
State Route 59 (SR 59) is a 94-mile (151 km) state highway in Baldwin and Monroe counties in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. The highway extends from Gulf Shores on the Gulf of Mexico coast to Uriah in rural southwestern Alabama. The route extends some 80.8 miles (130.0 km) in Baldwin County, by far the longest mileage that any signed highway spends in a single county in Alabama.
Mehdi Addadi
Mehdi Addadi (Arabic: مهدي عدادي; born February 13, 1978) is an Algerian former swimmer, who specialized in sprint backstroke and butterfly events. He collected two medals, a gold and a bronze, from the All-Africa Games, and later represented Algeria, along with Salim Iles, at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

While studying in the United States, Addadi was named 2001 Most Valuable Swimmer at the Eastern College Athletic Conference Championships, and 2002 Most Outstanding Swimmer by the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. He also played for the university's swimming and diving team, under head coach Chad Cradock.

Salim Iles
Salim Iles (born 14 May 1975, in Oran) is an Algerian swimmer who competes in the freestyle events.

He was named Algerian Sportsman of the Year in 1998. He is a scholarship holder with the Olympic Solidarity program.
Zhifu Island
Zhifu Island (Chinese: 芝罘島; pinyin: Zhīfú dǎo; Wade–Giles: Chih-fu tao) or North Island (Chinese: 北島; pinyin: Běi dǎo; Wade–Giles: Pei tao), is an islet with historical significance in Shandong Province, China. The name of the islet Chefoo was generalized to mean the entire Yantai region in older western literature.

Yantai
37°27′53″N 121°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿37.4646°N 121.4478°E﻿ / 37.4646; 121.4478

Yantai, formerly known by the Europeans as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula).  It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong.  Its population was 7,102,116 during the 2020 census, of whom 3,184,299 lived in the built-up area made up of the 5 urban districts of Zhifu, Laishan, Fushan, Muping, and Penglai.
Tokugawa Akitake
Tokugawa Akitake (徳川 昭武; October 26, 1853 – July 3, 1910) was a younger half-brother of the Japanese Samurai, Daimyo and Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu and final daimyō of Mito Domain.  He represented the Tokugawa shogunate at the courts of several European powers during the final days of Bakumatsu period Japan.

Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Prince Yoshinobu Tokugawa (德川 慶喜, Tokugawa Yoshinobu; 28 October 1837 – 22 November 1913) was a Japanese samurai, daimyo and the 15th and last shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. He resigned his position as shogun in late 1867, while aiming at keeping some political influence. After these efforts failed following the defeat at the Battle of Toba–Fushimi in early 1868, he went into retirement, and largely avoided the public eye for the rest of his life.
Senior–Løken syndrome
Senior–Løken syndrome is a congenital eye disorder, first characterized in 1961.  It is a rare, ciliopathic, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by juvenile nephronophthis and progressive eye disease.

Nephronophthisis
Nephronophthisis is a genetic disorder of the kidneys which affects children. It is classified as a medullary cystic kidney disease. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and, although rare, is the most common genetic cause of childhood kidney failure. It is a form of ciliopathy. Its incidence has been estimated to be 0.9 cases per million people in the United States, and 1 in 50,000 births in Canada.
Caviomorpha
Caviomorpha is the rodent parvorder that unites all New World hystricognaths. It is supported by both fossil and molecular evidence. The Caviomorpha was for a time considered to be a separate order outside the Rodentia, but is now accepted as a genuine part of the rodents. Caviomorphs include the extinct Heptaxodontidae (giant hutias), the extinct Josephoartigasia monesi (the largest rodent ever known) and extant families of chinchilla rats, hutias, guinea pigs and the capybara, chinchillas and viscachas, tuco-tucos, agoutis, pacas, pacaranas, spiny rats, New World porcupines, coypu and octodonts (Vassallo and Antenucci, 2015).

Paca
A paca (from Tupí paka) is a member of the genus Cuniculus of ground-dwelling, herbivorous rodents in South and Central America.  It is the only genus in the family Cuniculidae.  Pacas are large rodents with dots and stripes on their sides, short ears, and barely visible tails. Pacas are eaten by people in Belize, where they are known as "gibnut" and, having been served to Queen Elizabeth II, "the royal rat".  In the Amazon basin they are known as "majás". In Guyanese English, it is known as labba from Arawak. In Trinidad they are known as lappe and are highly prized as game animals; the cooked meat being considered quite a delicacy among wildmeat enthusiasts.
Ron Miyashiro
Ronald Yoshiaki Miyashiro (born 1937) is an American artist who works in painting, jewelry making, and assemblage art.  Miyashiro, a Japanese American born in Honolulu, Hawaii, first came to prominence in 1961 while still a student at Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles, when he appeared on the controversial poster for "War Babies," an influential exhibition  at Henry Hopkins' Huysman Gallery in Los Angeles, along with his friends and contemporaries Larry Bell, Ed Bereal, and Joe Goode.  Miyashiro later moved from Los Angeles to New York City where he continues to make work in multiple media.  His early work has enjoyed a resurgence in recent years, and has been included in a number of high-profile museum exhibitions devoted to art from the 1960s.

Joe Goode
Joe Goode (né Jose Bueno; March 23, 1937 – March 22, 2025) was an American visual artist, known for his pop art paintings. Goode made a name for himself in Los Angeles, California, through his cloud imagery and milk bottle paintings which were associated with the Pop Art movement. The artist was also closely associated with Light and Space, a West Coast art movement of the early 1960s. He resided in Los Angeles, California.
DAS Handling Limited
DAS Handling Limited, is an aviation services company in Uganda, based at Entebbe International Airport, (IATA: EBB, ICAO: HUEN), Uganda's largest civilian and military airport. It is the second-largest airport ground handling service company in Uganda, behind market leader Menzies Aviation Uganda. Other services offered include aircraft maintenance, cold facilities storage, office and warehouse rentals, aviation security and aviation training, among others.

Menzies Aviation Uganda
Menzies Aviation Uganda (MAU), formerly National Aviation Services Uganda (NASU) and formerly Entebbe Handling Services (ENHAS), is an airport ground handling service company based in Uganda. It is the largest ground handling company at Entebbe International Airport (IATA: EBB, ICAO: HUEN), Uganda's largest civilian and military airport, where it serviced at least 19 airlines, as of November 2017. As of August 2023, MAU handled an estimated 80 percent of the cargo that went through Entebbe Airport.
MD 20/20
MD 20/20 is a discount flavored fortified wine produced by Mogen David. 20/20 originally referred to 20% ABV and a 20 oz bottle. It is commonly referred to by the nickname "Mad Dog".

The wine is produced in a variety of flavors, sold in 750ml bottles, and alcohol content varies by flavor from 13% ABV to 18% ABV. Like competitors Thunderbird and Night Train Express, its sweet flavors, strength and low cost are often associated with alcoholism among the homeless and destitute but also make it popular with college students and other underage drinkers.

Despite being made in the US, MD 20/20 enjoys a cult following in Scotland. In 2019, after a new flavor "Electric Melon" became available, patrons lined up around the block at shops to purchase the beverage; in some cases, the crowds were so large they blocked traffic.

Night Train Express
Night Train Express, typically referred to as just Night Train, was a discount, flavored fortified wine produced by E. & J. Gallo Winery in the United States. The wine typically contained 17.5% abv and was fortified with brandy to boost the abv.

The wine was one of the products, along with Thunderbird, which helped Gallo become the top-selling winery in California and eventually the United States.

The wine was discontinued in 2016, after a continual decline in sales since the drink was temporarily pulled from shelves in 1989.
Figure 8 roller coaster
Figure 8 roller coasters are a category of roller coasters where the train runs through a figure 8 shaped course before returning to the boarding station.  This design was one of the first designs to be featured in roller coaster design, along with the out and back roller coaster.  The figure 8 design allowed for more turns than the out and back design, offering riders an alternative experience.

An early and famous example of a Figure 8 is the Leap the Dips at Lakemont Park, in Altoona, Pennsylvania.

Many figure 8 roller coasters carry the name "Figure 8."

Out and back roller coaster
Out and back refers to the layout of a roller coaster.  An out and back coaster is one that climbs a lift hill soon after leaving the station, races out to the far end of the track after the initial drop, performs a 180 degree turn and then returns to the station. Some out and back coasters perform more complicated turns at the far end of the track.

This particular design is very popular and is easy to design and construct.  With an out and back design, the hills on the way "out" usually are quite large and gradually decrease in size.  The hills on the way "back" are usually "bunny hops", or small hills created to maximize air-time.
Cerro Grande (New Mexico)
Cerro Grande is a 10,207-foot (3,111 m) summit on the rim of the Valles Caldera not far north of New Mexico State Road 4, the main highway through Los Alamos County.  Like many mountains in the Jemez, Cerro Grande was mainly covered with coniferous forest, composed largely of ponderosa pine and aspen trees, with a characteristic rincon (meadow) on its slopes on and south of the summit.

In May 2000, a prescribed burn on Cerro Grande got out of control and became the Cerro Grande Fire, a forest fire that burned 48,000 acres (190 km²) and destroyed hundreds of homes.  Much of the forest on Cerro Grande itself was not damaged badly or at all.  However, the whole mountain burned severely in the Las Conchas Fire of 2011.

The summit can be reached by a short hike [2.3 miles (3.7 km) each way, with an elevation change of 1,200 feet (370 m)] from a trailhead along State Road 4. From the summit, one can see into Valle Grande to the west and into upper Frijoles Canyon to the south.

Valles Caldera
The Valles Caldera (or Jemez Caldera) is a 13.7-mile-wide (22.0 km) volcanic caldera in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico. Hot springs, streams, fumaroles, natural gas seeps, and volcanic domes dot the caldera landscape. The highest point in the caldera is Redondo Peak, an 11,254-foot (3,430 m) resurgent lava dome located entirely within the caldera and surrounded by moat-like flows of rhyolitic solidified lavas. Located within the caldera are several grass valleys, or valles, the largest of which is Valle Grande (locally  /ˈvaɪ.eɪ ˈɡrɑːndeɪ/ VY-ay GRAHN-day), the only one accessible by a paved road. In 1975, Valles Caldera was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service with much of the caldera being within the Valles Caldera National Preserve, a unit of the National Park System. The area has a varied history involving cultural significance, economic resources, scientific studies, and complex geological setting.
Rosental
The Rosental is a 118 ha (290 acres), park-like part of the northern Leipzig floodplain forest in Leipzig, Germany. It is bordered by the Elstermühlgraben (Elster mill ditch) to the south and west, the small river Parthe to the north and the Leipzig Zoo to the east.

Leipzig Zoological Garden
Leipzig Zoological Garden, or Leipzig Zoo (German: Zoologischer Garten Leipzig) is a zoo in the Leipzig borough of Mitte, locality Zentrum-Nordwest, Germany. It was first opened on June 9, 1878. It was taken over by the city of Leipzig in 1920 after World War I and now covers about 27 hectares (67 acres) and contains approximately 850 species.
By 2020, the zoo featured six different theme worlds, aiming at providing habitats appropriate for the species on display.

Leipzig zoo is internationally noted for its large building projects such as Pongoland (housing gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans) and Gondwanaland (the world's second largest indoor rainforest hall at 1.65 ha or 4.1 acres). It has bred more than 2,000 lions, 250 rare Siberian tigers, and other carnivores like bears. Leipzig Zoological Garden has been called the "Zoo of the future". It is ranked as the best zoo in Germany and also the second-best in Europe (after Vienna).
Honam Expressway Branch
The Honam Expressway Branch (Korean: 호남고속도로지선) is an expressway in South Korea, connecting Nonsan to Daejeon. The expressway's route number is 251.

This route was origin way of Honam Expressway until August 2001.

Expressways in South Korea
Expressways (Korean: 고속도로; Hanja: 高速道路; RR: Gosokdoro) in South Korea, officially known as National Expressways (Korean: 고속국도; Hanja: 高速國道; RR: Gosokgukdo), are controlled-access highways that form the highest level of the country's road network. Most sections are tolled and maintained by the Korea Expressway Corporation, though a few routes are built and managed by approved private companies.
Zoom-lens reflex camera
A zoom-lens reflex (ZLR) camera is a low-end single-lens reflex (SLR) camera having an integrated zoom lens rather than the interchangeable lenses found on other SLR cameras.

The term was coined by Olympus for the IS-series film cameras.
Olympus also applied the designation to the D-500L & D-600L in press releases carried by PR Newswire. Olympus now refers to these cameras, along with the
D-620L, simply as "Digital cameras".

For the Olympus E-10 and E-20 digital cameras, while some journalists continued to apply the term ZLR, Olympus themselves reverted to using the term SLR.

Single-lens reflex camera
In photography, a single-lens reflex camera (SLR) is a type of camera that uses a mirror and prism system to allow photographers to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured. SLRs became the dominant design for professional and consumer-level cameras throughout the late 20th century, offering interchangeable lenses, through-the-lens (TTL) metering, and precise framing. Originating in the 1930s and popularized in the 1960s and 70s, SLR technology played a crucial role in the evolution of modern photography. Although digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras succeeded film-based models, the rise of mirrorless cameras in the 2010s has led to a decline in SLR use and production. With twin lens reflex and rangefinder cameras, the viewed image could be significantly different from the final image. When the shutter button is pressed on most SLRs, the mirror flips out of the light path and allows light to pass through to the light receptor and the image to be captured.