hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chevrolet big-block engine
The Chevrolet big-block engine is a series of large-displacement, naturally-aspirated, 90°, overhead valve, gasoline-powered, V8 engines that was developed and have been produced by the Chevrolet Division of General Motors from the late 1950s until present. They have powered countless General Motors products, not just Chevrolets, and have been used in a variety of cars from other manufacturers as well - from boats to motorhomes to armored vehicles.

Chevrolet had introduced its popular small-block V8 in 1955, but needed something larger to power its medium duty trucks and the heavier cars that were on the drawing board. The big-block, which debuted in 1958 at 348 cu in (5.7 L), was built in standard displacements up to 496 cu in (8.1 L), with aftermarket crate engines sold by Chevrolet exceeding 500 cu in (8.2 L).

Automobile engine replacement
A replacement automobile engine is an engine or a major part of one that is sold alone, without the other parts required to make a functional car (for example a drivetrain). These engines are produced either as aftermarket parts or as reproductions of an engine that has gone out of production.
Caerphilly cheese
Caerphilly is a hard, crumbly white cheese that originated in the area around the town of Caerphilly, Wales. It is thought to have been created to provide food for the local coal miners. The Caerphilly of that period had a greater moisture content, and was made in local farms. At the start of the 20th century, competition for milk in the local area saw production decline, and Caerphilly production was gradually relocated to England.

During the Second World War, production was stopped and diverted to Cheddar in English factories. After the war, those factories began to produce Caerphilly as it was quicker to make than Cheddar, and therefore more profitable. The majority of Caerphilly is now produced in Somerset and Wiltshire. Artisan cheesemakers still make Caerphilly in the pre-war style, and these have been successful at the British Cheese Awards.

Artisan cheese
Artisanal cheese refers to cheeses produced by hand using the traditional craftsmanship of skilled cheesemakers. As a result, the cheeses are often more complex in taste and variety. Many are aged and ripened to achieve certain aesthetics. This contrasts with the more mild flavors of mass-produced cheeses produced in large-scale operations, often shipped and sold right away.

Part of the artisanal cheese-making process is the aging and ripening of the cheeses to develop flavor and textural characteristics. One type of artisanal cheese is known as farmstead cheese, made traditionally with milk from the producer's own herds of cows, sheep, and goats. Artisan cheeses may be made by mixing milk from multiple farms, whereas the more strict definition of farmstead cheese (or farmhouse cheese) requires that milk come only from one farm.
Cray Blitz
Cray Blitz was a computer chess program written by Robert Hyatt, Harry L. Nelson, and Albert Gower to run on the Cray supercomputer. It was derived from "Blitz" a program that Hyatt started to work on as an undergraduate. "Blitz" played its first move in the fall of 1968, and was developed continuously from that time until roughly 1980 when Cray Research chose to sponsor the program. Cray Blitz participated in computer chess events from 1980 through 1994 when the last North American Computer Chess Championship was held in Cape May, New Jersey. Cray Blitz won several ACM computer chess events, and two consecutive World Computer Chess Championships, the first in 1983 in New York City, and the second in 1986 in Cologne, Germany.

The program Crafty is the successor to Cray Blitz and is still active and under development.

Cray
Cray Inc., a subsidiary of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, is an American supercomputer manufacturer headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It also manufactures systems for data storage and analytics. As of June 2025, Cray supercomputer systems held the top three spots in the TOP500, which ranks the most powerful supercomputers in the world.

In 1972, the company was founded by computer designer Seymour Cray as Cray Research, Inc., and it continues to manufacture parts in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, where Cray was born and raised. After being acquired by Silicon Graphics in 1996, the modern company was formed after being purchased in 2000 by Tera Computer Company, which adopted the name Cray Inc. In 2019, the company was acquired by Hewlett Packard Enterprise for $1.3 billion.
Kyōgoku, Hokkaido
Kyōgoku (京極町, Kyōgoku-chō) is a town located in Shiribeshi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. Kyōgoku sits at the eastern foot of Mount Yōtei (1,898 kilometres (1,179 mi)), an active stratovolcano volcano which dominates the skyline of the town.

The town borders the south ward (Minami-ku) of Sapporo, but car traffic from Kyōgoku must drive over an hour through the Nakayama Toge mountain pass to enter Sapporo.

Tourists visit the town to drink the spring water in Fukidashi Park, where the water from Mount Yōtei bubbles out of the ground.

The town has a sister city relationship with the city of Marugame in Kagawa Prefecture.

Shiribeshi Subprefecture
Shiribeshi Subprefecture (後志総合振興局, Shiribeshi-sōgō-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan.  The subprefecture's capital is Kutchan.  As of July 31, 2004, the estimated population was  256,184 and the area was 4,305.65 km2.
Heinie Benkert
Henry Marvin "Heinie" Benkert (June 30, 1901 – July 15, 1972) was an American professional football running back. He played college football for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights, where he won the unofficial collegiate scoring crown as a senior, and played for four non-consecutive seasons in the National Football League (NFL), for the New York Giants, the Pottsville Maroons and the Orange/Newark Tornadoes.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights football
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights football program represents Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Rutgers competes as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Prior to joining the Big Ten, the Scarlet Knights were a member of the American Athletic Conference (formerly the Big East Conference) from 1991 to 2013. Rutgers plays its home games at SHI Stadium, in Piscataway, New Jersey. The team is currently led by head coach Greg Schiano. The Scarlet Knights football team is also notable for playing in the first college football game in 1869, in which the Scarlet Knights won by the score 6–4.
Additive map
In algebra, an additive map, -linear map or additive function is a function  that preserves the addition operation:

for every pair of elements  and  in the domain of ⁠⁠. For example, any linear map is additive. When the domain is the real numbers, this is Cauchy's functional equation. For a specific case of this definition, see additive polynomial.

More formally, an additive map is a -module homomorphism.  Since an abelian group is a -module, it may be defined as a group homomorphism between abelian groups.

A map  that is additive in each of two arguments separately is called a bi-additive map or a -bilinear map.

Module homomorphism
In algebra, a module homomorphism is a function between modules that preserves the module structures. Explicitly, if M and N are left modules over a ring R, then a function  is called an R-module homomorphism or an R-linear map if for any x, y in M and r in R,

In other words, f is a group homomorphism (for the underlying additive groups) that commutes with scalar multiplication. If M, N are right R-modules, then the second condition is replaced with

The preimage of the zero element under f is called the kernel of f. The set of all module homomorphisms from M to N is denoted by . It is an abelian group (under pointwise addition) but is not necessarily a module unless R is commutative.

The composition of module homomorphisms is again a module homomorphism, and the identity map on a module is a module homomorphism. Thus, all the (say left) modules together with all the module homomorphisms between them form the category of modules.
Patrick Balkany
Patrick Balkany (born 16 August 1948 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French politician.

He is a former member of the National Assembly of France. He was representing the 5th constituency of the Hauts-de-Seine department, and is a member of The Republicans. He served as mayor of Levallois-Perret, a wealthy suburb of Paris, since 1983, with his wife Isabelle as his deputy. He is also a long-time friend of former French president Nicolas Sarkozy. He is of Hungarian, Latvian and Ukrainian Jewish origin.

In 2019, he was sentenced for tax evasion to four years in prison and to ten years of disqualification, then dismissed from his mayor's mandate. Five months later he was released for health reasons. In February 2022, his sentence reverted to imprisonment due to multiple violations of his house arrest.

Neuilly-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [nøji syʁ sɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'Neuilly-on-Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is an urban commune in Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France. An immediate western suburb of Paris, it is physically separated from the capital centre only by the Périphérique to its east and the Bois de Boulogne to its south.

Neuilly is mainly made up of residential neighborhoods and hosts several corporate headquarters and foreign embassies. One of the most affluent areas of France, it is the wealthiest and most expensive suburb of Paris. Although, as of 2020, it is the commune with only the fourth highest median per capita income (€52,570 per year) in France, if Neuilly is grouped together with the city's adjacent 16th and 17th arrondissements, they form the most affluent residential area in the country.
Football in São Tomé and Príncipe
The sport of football in the country of São Tomé and Príncipe is run by the São Toméan Football Federation. The association administers the national football team, as well as the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. Association football is the most popular sport in São Tomé and Príncipe.

São Toméan Football Federation
The São Toméan Football Federation (Portuguese: Federação Santomense de Futebol — FSF) is the governing body of football in São Tomé and Príncipe. It was founded on July 11, 1975, affiliated to FIFA and to CAF in 1986. It organises the national football league and the national team.

Its headquarters is located in the city of São Tomé at Rua João de Deus, its postal code is 440.
Crawford Nalder
Sir Crawford David Nalder (14 February 1910 – 8 December 1994) was an Australian politician who served as Deputy Premier of Western Australia from 1962 to 1971. He was leader of the Country Party in Western Australia from 1962 to 1973.

Nalder was born in Katanning, Western Australia. A farmer, he was elected to Legislative Assembly at the 1947 state election, winning the seat of Wagin. He switched to the seat of Katanning at the 1950 election. Having served as the party's deputy leader since 1956, Nalder replaced Arthur Watts as leader of the Country Party in 1962. He maintained the existing coalition with the Liberal Party (led by David Brand), with the Brand government eventually being defeated at the 1971 election. Nalder retired from parliament in 1974 and was knighted later that year.

Katanning, Western Australia
Katanning is a town located 277 kilometres (172 mi) south-east of Perth, Western Australia on the Great Southern Highway. At the 2021 census, the population was 4,057, up from a 2016 population of 3,687.
Ijteba Nadwi
Muḥammad Ijteba Nadwi (29 September 1933 – 20 June 2008) was an Indian Islamic scholar, who formerly headed the Arabic departments of Jamia Millia Islamia, Kashmir University and the Allahabad University.

Nadwi was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, Damascus University and the Aligarh Muslim University. He was an author of Arabic and Urdu and authored books such as Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi: al-Daaiya al-Hakeem wa al-murabbi al-Jaleel and Islam aur Huquq-e-Insani.

University of Kashmir
University of Kashmir (UoK), informally known as Kashmir University (KU), is a public state university located in the Hazratbal neighbourhood, on the western side of Dal Lake in the city of Srinagar, in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which was established in 1948.

The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs in the fields of liberal arts, business, commerce & management studies, education, law, applied sciences & Technology, biological sciences, physical & material sciences, social sciences, medicine, dentistry, engineering, oriental learning, and music & fine arts. It was awarded Grade "A++" by the NAAC in June 2025. It was awarded rank 34 among universities in India by NIRF ranking 2025.
Kevin Heffernan Stakes
The Kevin Heffernan Stakes is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred weight for age horse race, for horses aged three years old and upwards, over a distance of 1,400 metres held at Caulfield Racecourse and previously at Sandown Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia.

Melbourne Racing Club
The Melbourne Racing Club (MRC) is one of three metropolitan horse racing clubs in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It began life as the Victoria Amateur Turf Club in 1875, with E. C. Moore as the club's first Secretary. The first VATC race meeting was held at Dowling Forest Racecourse in Ballarat, on Friday, 24 March 1876. Within six months, the VATC was granted use of Crown land at Caulfield as a permanent home in Melbourne.
Clubland X-Treme Hardcore
Clubland X-Treme Hardcore is a series of compilation albums from Clubland, released by Universal Music TV and AATW, that was initiated by DJ producers Hixxy and Styles.  The series has been credited as a turning point in the popularity of the hardcore music scene.

Clubland (brand)
Clubland is a brand created by the UK dance record labels All Around the World and Universal Music TV. Since 2002, Clubland has made many dance compilation albums, including the popular Clubland series, which ended with the album Clubland 2017, released on 4 November 2016. Clubland also hosts live events in various nightclubs and clubland Ibiza, and in 2008 many Clubland artists featured on the Clubland Night of Your Life arena tour. In January 2008, Clubland launched its own digital TV channel, Clubland TV.

Since 2019, Clubland has stopped releasing new compilation albums, instead focusing on events that tour the United Kingdom, and Clubland TV continues to be run by Universal Music TV, playing mostly throwback dance from the early 1990s to the late 2010s.
Rafael Parratoro
Rafael Parratoro (Caracas, October 17, 1977), also known as just Parratoro, is an Argentine-Venezuelan visual artist specializing in kinetic, optical, and augmented reality art. Recognized for his innovation in the moiré technique, he has exhibited his work in cities like New York, Berlin, Mexico City, Luxembourg, and Buenos Aires.

One of his notable projects is POP AR, a book that combines printed art with augmented reality, funded through crowdfunding and distributed internationally. He has also collaborated with global brands, including the design of the Google Maps Platform Awards and the creation of augmented reality installations for Nike.

He has been recognized as "one of the leading figures in contemporary optical and kinetic art" and as "a pioneer in the use of augmented reality as an artistic technique."

Op art
Op art, short for optical art, is a style of visual art that uses distorted or manipulated geometrical patterns, often to create optical illusions.  It began in the early 20th century, and was especially popular from the 1960s on, the term "Op art" dating to 1964.

Op artworks are normally abstract, with some better-known pieces created in black and white. Typically, they give the viewer the impression of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibrating patterns, or swelling or warping.  In contrast, the much older trompe-l'œil style always represents figurative subjects, which are shown with deceptive three-dimensionality.
Samuel Eccleston
Samuel Eccleston PSS (June 27, 1801 – April 22, 1851) was an American Catholic prelate who served as archbishop of Baltimore from 1834 until his death in 1851. He was a member of the Sulpicians.

A convert to Catholicism as a young man, Eccleston attended St. Mary's Seminary in Baltimore, was ordained to the priesthood and then entered the Sulpician Order. After attending seminary in France, he served as a teacher and later president of St. Mary's Seminary in Baltimore. Eccleston was named Coadjutor Archbishop of Baltimore by the Vatican and then became Archbishop of Baltimore.

Eccleston is known for inviting several men's and women's Catholic religious orders into the archdiocese to establish seminaries, schools, and parishes for the rapidly expanding Catholic population. In recent years, he has been criticized for his efforts to disband an African-American religious community in the archdiocese.

Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice
The Society of Priests of Saint-Sulpice (French: Compagnie des Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice; PSS), also known as the Sulpicians, is a society of apostolic life of Pontifical Right for men, named after the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, where it was founded. The members of the Society add the nominal letters PSS after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation. Typically, priests become members of the Society of the Priests of St. Sulpice only after ordination and some years of pastoral work. The purpose of the society is mainly the education of priests and to some extent parish work. As their main role is the education of those preparing to become priests, Sulpicians place great emphasis on the academic and spiritual formation of their own members, who commit themselves to undergoing lifelong development in these areas. The Society is divided into three provinces, operating in various countries: the Province of France, Canada, and the United States.
R-77
The Vympel NPO R-77 missile (NATO reporting name: AA-12 Adder) is a Russian active radar homing beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile. It is also known by its export designation RVV-AE. It is the Russian counterpart to the American AIM-120 AMRAAM missile.

The R-77 was marked by a severely protracted development. Work began in the 1980s, but was not completed before the Soviet Union fell. For many years, only the RVV-AE model was produced for export customers. Production was further disrupted when the Russo-Ukrainian War resulted in a Ukrainian arms embargo against Russia, severing supply chains. The Russian Aerospace Forces finally entered the R-77-1 (AA-12B) into service in 2015. It was subsequently deployed by Su-35S fighters in Syria on combat air patrols. The export model of the R-77-1 is called RVV-SD.

R-73 (missile)
The Vympel R-73 (NATO reporting name AA-11 Archer) is a short-range IR-homing air-to-air missile developed by Vympel NPO that entered service in 1984. It was later developed into the more advanced R-74.
Paula Mary Turnbull
Sister Paula Mary Turnbull (May 26, 1921 – July 20, 2018) was an American sculptor and educator. Known as the "welding nun", she created liturgical and whimsical metal sculptures. Her most famous work is Garbage Goat, a steel sculpture in Riverfront Park in Spokane, Washington, that incorporates a vacuum apparatus allowing the goat to "eat" trash. During her career, Turnbull created dozens of public artworks in Spokane and helped organize the installation of public art at the Expo '74 world's fair.

Turnbull lived at the convent of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary where she had an art studio. She taught sculpture and art history at Fort Wright College for 25 years and chaired the college's art department. She received degrees from Holy Names College, Siena Heights University, the University of Washington, the Parsons School of Design, and the Art Institute of Chicago.

Heritage University
Heritage University (formerly Holy Names College and Fort Wright College) is a private university on the Yakama Indian Reservation in Toppenish, Washington, United States. It offers associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees.
Joseph Tapine
Joseph Tapine (pronounced /tæpineɪ/; TAH-pih-neh) (born 4 May 1994) is a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who captains and plays as a prop or lock forward for the Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League and New Zealand and New Zealand Māori at international level.

Tapine previously played for the Newcastle Knights in the NRL. He played in the backrow as a lock or second-row forward earlier in his career.

New Zealand Māori rugby league team
The New Zealand Māori rugby league team is a rugby league representative side made up of New Zealand Māori players.

With some controversy, the team participated in the 2000 World Cup as Aotearoa Māori. The Super League International Board had agreed to give a place in their World Cup to the New Zealand Māori team as they attempted to gain allies during the Super League war. Despite that World Cup not taking place, the Rugby League International Federation repeated the offer for the 2000 World Cup when it replaced the Super League International Board following the end of the dispute.
Archibald Gracie III
Archibald Gracie III (December 1, 1832 – December 2, 1864) was a career United States Army officer, businessman, and a graduate of West Point. He is well known for being a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War and for his death during the Siege of Petersburg.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Embedded database
An embedded database system is a database management system (DBMS) which is tightly integrated with an application software; it is embedded in the application (instead of coming as a standalone application). It is a broad technology category that includes:

database systems with differing application programming interfaces (SQL as well as proprietary, native APIs)

database architectures (client-server and in-process)

storage modes (on-disk, in-memory, and combined)

database models (relational, object-oriented, entity–attribute–value model, network/CODASYL)

target markets

Note: The term “embedded” can sometimes be used to refer to the use on embedded devices (as opposed to the definition given above). However, only a tiny subset of embedded database products are used in real-time embedded systems such as telecommunications switches and consumer electronics. (See mobile database for small-footprint databases that could be used on embedded devices.)

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.