hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bug tracking system
Tracking system or defect tracking system is a software application that keeps track of reported software bugs in software development projects. It may be regarded as a type of issue tracking system.

Many bug tracking systems, such as those used by most open-source software projects, allow end-users to enter bug reports directly. Other systems are used only internally in a company or organization doing software development. Typically bug tracking systems are integrated with other project management software.

A bug tracking system is usually a necessary component of a professional software development infrastructure, and consistent use of a bug or issue tracking system is considered one of the "hallmarks of a good software team".

Software bug
A software bug is a defect (bug) in computer software. A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.

The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).

In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product".

Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to detect or auto-correct various software errors during operations.
Gerard Tellis
Gerard J. Tellis is a professor, author, speaker, and thinker. He has a PhD in business from the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. He currently holds the Neely Chair of American Enterprise at the USC Marshall School of Business. He is also a distinguished visitor at Erasmus University Rotterdam and the Judge School of Business at Cambridge University, UK. He is one of the world's leading experts in innovation, social media, advertising, and AI applications in business. Google Scholar reports that he has over 200 publications (including seven books). These have currently over 28,000 Google cites. He has won over 25 awards for his publications.

USC Marshall School of Business
The USC Marshall School of Business is the business school of the University of Southern California. It is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.

In 1997 the school was renamed following a $35 million donation from alumnus Gordon S. Marshall.
Zwierzyniec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Zwierzyniec (Polish pronunciation: [zvjɛˈʐɨɲɛt͡s]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Busko-Zdrój, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north of Busko-Zdrój and 42 km (26 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Busko-Zdrój
Gmina Busko-Zdrój is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Busko-Zdrój, which lies approximately 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 235.88 square kilometres (91.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 32,512, of which the population of Busko-Zdrój is 17,297, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 15,215.

The gmina contains parts of the protected areas called Nida Landscape Park and Szaniec Landscape Park.
1916 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1916 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1916 college football season. Led by John J. Tigert in his second and final season as head coach, the Wildcats compiled an overall record of 4–1–2 with a mark 2–1–2 in SIAA play.

Stoll Field was dedicated for the game with rival Vanderbilt, the season's only loss. Vanderbilt's quarterback was third-team All-American Irby Curry. Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin stated "If you would give me Doc Rodes, I would say he was a greater player than Curry." The season closed with an upset tie of conference champion and rival Tennessee; an account of which reads "Rodes and McIlvain, Kentucky's quarterback and fullback, played a magnificent game and had they received the proper support from their team, would have piled up a large score against Tennessee."

1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1916 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1916 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The 1916 season was Dan McGugin's 13th year as head coach. Quarterback Irby Curry was selected third-team All-America by Walter Camp.
Kiln Theatre
The Kiln Theatre (formerly the Tricycle Theatre) is a theatre located in Kilburn, in the London Borough of Brent, England. Since 1980, the theatre has presented a wide range of plays reflecting the cultural diversity of the area, as well as new writing, political work and verbatim reconstructions of public inquiries.

The theatre has produced original work by playwrights such as Lynn Nottage, Patrick Barlow, Richard Bean, David Edgar, Stephen Jeffreys, Abi Morgan, Simon Stephens, Roy Williams, Lolita Chakrabarti, Moira Buffini, Alexi Kaye Campbell, Florian Zeller, Ayad Akhtar and Zadie Smith.

The theatre was founded in 1980 by Ken Chubb and Shirley Barrie. The current artistic director is Amit Sharma, who succeeded Indhu Rubasingham, in December 2023, who in turn had succeeded Nicolas Kent in 2012.

The theatre's name was changed from the Tricycle to Kiln Theatre in April 2018.

London Borough of Brent
Brent (/brɛnt/ ⓘ) is a borough in west and north-west London, England; it forms part of Outer London. It is known for landmarks such as Wembley Stadium, the Swaminarayan Temple and the Kiln Theatre. It also contains the Welsh Harp reservoir and the Park Royal commercial estate. The local authority is Brent London Borough Council.

Brent's population was estimated to be 339,800 as at 2021. Major districts are Kenton, Kilburn, Willesden, Wembley and Harlesden, with sub-districts Stonebridge, Kingsbury, Kensal Green, Neasden, and Queen's Park. Brent has a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land. It includes many districts of inner-city character in the east and a more distinct suburban character in the west, part of which formed part of the early 20th century Metroland developments.
Nuclear Evolution: The Age of Love
Nuclear Evolution: The Age of Love is the second studio album by American hip hop group Sa-Ra Creative Partners. It was released via Ubiquity Records on June 23, 2009. The Wire listed it as one of the "Top 50 Releases of the Year".

Sa-Ra
The Sa-Ra Creative Partners, or simply Sa-Ra, is an American musical group from Los Angeles. The group is composed of Om'Mas Keith, Taz Arnold, and Shafiq Husayn. The name translates roughly to "the children of God". The group's name, style and creativity are allusions to the similarly named jazz composer Sun Ra. Their music has been described as progressive soul, neo funk, and alternative hip hop.
Conference on Jewish Social Studies
The  Conference on Jewish Social Studies was established in 1933 as the Conference on Jewish Relations by Salo W. Baron and Morris Raphael Cohen.  Baron was chairman from 1933 till 1988.  The immediate issue was facing rapidly spreading Nazi world propaganda with its fabrications and falsehoods. In addition, it aimed to get a fuller picture about Jewish population, economics, and various aspects of Jewish life.

In 1936, Albert Einstein presided over the conference.

Among the sponsored projects by the conference was the quarterly journal Jewish Social Studies, which began being published regularly from January 1939.

In 1955 the conference obtained its present title. It was active till 1988. Its journal continues and is currently published by Indiana University Press.)

Morris Raphael Cohen
Morris Raphael Cohen (Belarusian: Морыс Рафаэль Коэн; July 25, 1880 – January 28, 1947) was a Russian-born American judicial philosopher, lawyer, and legal scholar who united pragmatism with logical positivism and linguistic analysis. This union coalesced into the "objective relativism" fermenting at Columbia University before and during the early twentieth-century interwar period. He was father to Felix S. Cohen and Leonora Cohen Rosenfield.
Shyam Satardekar
Shyam Satardekar (born 3 March 1966 in Curchorem, Goa) is an Indian politician and member of the Goa Suraksha Manch. Satardekar was a member of the Goa Legislative Assembly from the Curchorem constituency in South Goa.

Goa Suraksha Manch
Goa Suraksha Manch is a political party in Goa, a political outfit of the Bharatiya Bhasha Suraksha Manch which was launched by Subhash Velingkar, a rebel Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh leader. The party was formed on 2 October 2016.

The main aim of the party is to promote Konkani and Marathi in schools and the withdrawal of grants to English medium schools. The party's symbol is a blackboard.

Its inaugural president is Anand Shirodkar. Swati Kerkar and Kiran Nayak were appointed vice-presidents of the party but Subhash Velingkar neither held any post nor will contest any elections. The party contested the 2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election.
Eastern voalavo
The eastern voalavo (Voalavo antsahabensis) is a rodent in the family Nesomyidae which occurs in the Anjozorobe forest of eastern Madagascar. Although surveys before 2002 failed to record the species, it is common in some places. However, it is threatened by habitat loss because of slash-and-burn agriculture. The species was formally described in 2005 and is most closely related to the only other species of Voalavo, the northern voalavo from northern Madagascar.

The two species of Voalavo are only subtly different in morphology. With a body mass of 20.7 to 22.6 g (0.73 to 0.80 oz), the eastern voalavo is a small rodent. It has a longer tail than the northern voalavo, as well as a longer rostrum (front part of the skull) and diastema (gap between the incisors and molars), but shorter molar rows. The two species also differ in details of the configuration of the palate.

Nesomyidae
The Nesomyidae are a family of African rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea.  It includes several subfamilies, all of which are native to either continental Africa or to Madagascar. Included in this family are Malagasy rodents, climbing mice, African rock mice, swamp mice, pouched rats, and the white-tailed rat.
Jimmy Rave
James Michael Guffey (December 8, 1982 – December 12, 2021), better known by the ring name Jimmy Rave, was an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his time with Ring of Honor (ROH) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

NWA Wildside
NWA Wildside was an American independent professional wrestling promotion based in Cornelia, Georgia, with an office in Atlanta, Georgia, operating between September 1999 and April 2005. It was originally formed when National Championship Wrestling merged with NWA Georgia. While in operation, NWA Wildside was one of the main affiliates of the National Wrestling Alliance, a group that dates back to 1948. It also served as a developmental territory for World Championship Wrestling.
Mickleys, Pennsylvania
Mickleys is an unincorporated community that is located in Whitehall Township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. It is situated on Pennsylvania Route 145, also known as MacArthur Road. It is part of the Lehigh Valley, which has a population of 861,899 and is the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania
Whitehall Township is a township with home rule status in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township's population was 29,173 as of the 2020 census.

Whitehall Township is a suburb of Allentown in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan region, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

The township is 4.4 miles (7.1 km) north of Allentown, 64.1 miles (103.2 km) northwest of Philadelphia, and 93.7 miles (150.8 km) west of New York City.
Military Institute of Information and Communication Technologies and Communications
The Military Institute of Information and Communication Technologies and Communications (Uzbek: Axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari va kommunikatsiyalarining harbiy instituti; Russian: Военного института информационно-коммуникационных технологий и связи) is a specialized educational institution in the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan, under the Education System of the Ministry of Defense in Tashkent. It is currently led by Lieutenant Colonel Khakim Mukhitdinov. Its main campus is located in Yunusabad.

Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan
The Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O'zbekiston Respublikasi Qurolli Kuchlari, Ўзбекистон Республикаси Қуролли Кучлари), is the name of the unified armed forces of Uzbekistan, consisting of the Ground Force and the Air and Air Defence forces under the defence ministry. Paramilitary units include the National Guard, a Frontier Service, and a River Force. It is reported to be the largest and the strongest in Central Asia.

'The country has also began professionalizing its military, an effort that has only limited success and erratic government support. But even in Uzbekistan, these changes represent merely a modest beginning and most of the benefits are concentrated in a few elite, higher readiness formations rather than uniformly applied to the entire force. The Uzbek military is woefully inadequate, but it is far superior to its neighbours.'
Frontier Crimes Regulation
The Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) were a special set of laws of British India, and  which were applicable to the Tribal Areas. They were enacted by the British Empire in the nineteenth century and remained in effect in Pakistan until 2018. They were extended to the Gilgit Agency in Jammu and Kashmir in 1901 and to Baltistan in 1947, remaining in effect till the 1970s.

The law stated that three basic rights did not apply to the residents of FATA: appeal; wakeel; daleel; (right to challenge a conviction; right to legal representation; right to present reasoned evidence, respectively).

Following the passing of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan by both houses of the Parliament, as well as the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly, the FCR was abolished and replaced with the FATA Interim Governance Regulation, 2018, merging the tribal areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and placing FATA under direct provincial administration, removing its semi-autonomous status.

FATA Interim Governance Regulation, 2018
The FATA Interim Governance Regulation, 2018 was a law signed by the President of Pakistan on May 28, 2018, which replaces the Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) and outline how the Federally Administered Tribal Areas will be governed "within a timeframe of two years" as the region is merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through the passage of the Thirty-first Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan. An official described the regulation as a combination of the FCR and the rejected Tribal Areas Rewaj Act.

The regulation has been signed under Article 247 of the Constitution of Pakistan which stood to be repealed by the Thirty-first Amendment, which the President has signed on 31 May 2018.
Edwin Kull
Edwin O. Kull (February 7, 1855 – August 25, 1941) was an American farmer, educator, and politician.
Born in the Town of Bloomfield, Walworth County, Wisconsin, Kull attended Wheaton College. He taught school in both Illinois and Walworth County. Kull had a farm in the town of Bloomfield and was involved with the farmers' cooperative creamery and fire insurance company. He served as justice of the peace, Bloomfield town assessor, and on the Bloomfield town board. In 1909, Kull served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican. Kull died in Elkhorn, Wisconsin on August 25, 1941.

Bloomfield, Walworth County, Wisconsin
Bloomfield is a town in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,778 at the 2020 census. The village of Bloomfield was formed from part of the town on December 20, 2011. The census-designated place of Lake Ivanhoe and unincorporated community of North Bloomfield are located in the town.
Japanese people in Hong Kong
Japanese people in Hong Kong consist primarily of expatriate business people and their families, along with a smaller number of single women. Their numbers are smaller when compared to the sizeable presence of American, British, and Canadian expatriates. As of 2010, 21,518 Japanese people had registered as residents of Hong Kong with the Japanese consulate there. Hong Kong also remains a popular destination for Japanese tourists on their way to Mainland China; in 2004, the Japanese consulate reported the arrival of more than one million Japanese tourists.

According to the 2021 population census in Hong Kong, there are 10,291 Japanese living in Hong Kong, most of them are living in Eastern District and Kowloon City District, such as Taikoo Shing and Hung Hom area.

Hong Kong Post (newspaper)
Hong Kong Post (Japanese: 香港ポスト) is a Japanese-language weekly newspaper published in Hong Kong every Friday and owned by Mikuni Company. The newspaper first appeared in June 1987. It used to be sold  in shops such as Citysuper, but is now free. It was formerly published by Pasona Press (HK) Co., Ltd.

Financial, economic, and political topics are stressed by this publication, and people working in business fields are the main clientele of the publication. Harumi Befu and Sylvie Guichard-Anguis, authors of Globalizing Japan: Ethnography of the Japanese presence in Asia, Europe, and America, described the paper as "A Major source of information for Hong Kong's Japanese residents".
Dallıbel, Mazgirt
Dallıbel (Kurdish: Beroj) is a village in the Mazgirt District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Hormek tribe and had a population of 66 in 2021.

The hamlets of Aralık, Çayırlı, Meşelik, Oruç, Uğurlu and Yarış are attached to the village.

Mazgirt District
Mazgirt District is a district of Tunceli Province in Turkey. The town of Mazgirt is the seat and the district had a population of 7,357 in 2021. The kaymakam is Menderes Topçuoĝlu. Its area is 702 km2.
Cyril Y. Bowers
Cyril Y. Bowers, M.D., emeritus professor of medicine at Tulane University School of Medicine, attended medical school at the University of Oregon and did an internship at the University of Washington. He then studied biochemistry at Cornell University and attended the postgraduate school of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. From 1961-2004 he was the director of the Section of Endocrinology & Metabolism in the department of medicine at Tulane University School of Medicine. Bowers has served on the editorial board of several endocrine journals, was a member of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Study Section for eight years and has written over 400 articles in peer-reviewed journals, including chapters in books and over 200 abstracts.

Tulane University School of Medicine
The Tulane University School of Medicine is the medical school of Tulane University and is located in the Medical District of the New Orleans Central Business District in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.
Shewa
Shewa (Amharic: ሸዋ; Oromo: Shawaa;  Somali: Shawa; Arabic: شيوا, Italian: Scioà), formerly romanized as Shua, Shoa, Showa, Shuwa, is a historical region of Ethiopia which was formerly an autonomous kingdom within the Ethiopian Empire. The modern Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa is located at its center.

The towns of Debre Berhan, Antsokia, Ankober, Entoto and, after Shewa became a province of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa have all served as the capital of Shewa at various times. Most of northern Shewa, made up of the districts of Menz, Tegulet, Yifat, Menjar and Bulga, is populated by Christian Amharas, while southern Shewa is inhabited by the Gurages and eastern Shewa has large Oromo and Argobba Muslim populations. The monastery of Debre Libanos, founded by Saint Tekle Haymanot, is located in the ancient district of Selale. Modern Shewa includes the historical Endagabatan province.

Bulga (Ethiopia)
Bulga (Amharic: ቡልጋ) is a historical region of Ethiopia in the central part of Shewa. It was bounded by the Germama river to the south, which formed the historical boundary between it and Minjar in the south. It presently encompasses the modern woredas of Hagere Mariamna Kesem, Asagirt, and Berehet.
Ethel Frances Chawner
Ethel Frances Chawner (1866–1953) was an English entomologist with an interest mainly in sawflies and Hymenoptera. She was a lifelong member  of the Entomological Society of London, and was employed by John Spedan Lewis from 1927 to her death in 1953 as the curator of his collections.

John Spedan Lewis
John Spedan Lewis (22 September 1885 – 21 February 1963) was an English businessman and the founder of the John Lewis Partnership.

Elder son of John Lewis, who owned the John Lewis department store, London, Spedan joined the business at 19 and in 1914 assumed control of Peter Jones in Sloane Square, London. On his father's death he formed the John Lewis Partnership and began distributing profits among its employees in 1929. He transferred control of the company to the employees in 1950 and resigned as chairman in 1955.
Hotel Bristol, Warsaw
Hotel Bristol, Warsaw is a historic five-star luxury hotel built in the Neo-Renaissance style and opened in 1901 in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the city centre on Krakowskie Przedmieście next to the Presidential Palace.

The hotel is one of the most notable historic monuments of the Royal Route (Polish: Trakt Królewski) and remains among the few landmarks of Warsaw which emerged relatively unscathed from the city's near total destruction during World War II. It is considered as one of Warsaw's oldest and one of the country's most luxurious hotels.

Krakowskie Przedmieście
Krakowskie Przedmieście (Polish) (Polish pronunciation: [kraˈkɔfskʲɛ pʂɛdˈmjɛɕt͡ɕɛ] ⓘ, lit. 'Kraków Fore-town') is one of the best known
streets of Poland's capital Warsaw, surrounded by historic palaces, churches and manor-houses. It constitutes the northernmost part of Warsaw's Royal Route, and links the Old Town and Royal Castle (at Castle Square) with some of the most notable institutions in Warsaw, including, proceeding southward, the Presidential Palace, Warsaw University, and the Polish Academy of Sciences headquartered in the Staszic Palace. The immediate southward extension of the street along the Royal Route is New World Street.

Several other Polish cities also have streets named Krakowskie Przedmieście. In Lublin, it is the main and most elegant street. Other cities include Piotrków Trybunalski, Bochnia, Krasnystaw, Olkusz, Sieradz and Wieluń.
Shuanghuan SCEO
The Shuanghuan SCEO (Chinese: 双环SCEO) is an off-road vehicle manufactured by the Chinese auto maker Shuanghuan Auto based in Shijiazhuang, Hebei.

The company has copied the looks of the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado inside and at the front end, the BMW X5 (E53) at the rear end, and the BMW X3 at the sides.

The Shuanghuan SCEO's codename is known as the HBJ6474Y.

Shuanghuan Auto
Shuanghuan Auto (officially Shijiazhuang Shuanghuan Automobile Co., Ltd.) (双环汽车) was a Chinese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, founded by Zhao Zhigang. It was established in April 1988 and acquired the state-owned automobile manufacturer Red Star in 2002. In 2009, Shuanghuan itself was acquired by Liaoning SG Automotive Co,Ltd. Shuanghuan used the Vehicle Identification Number HBJ.

On 29 February 2016, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shut down Shuanghuan and 12 other automobile manufacturers that did not meet mandatory production evaluations for two consecutive years.