hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1990 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 1990 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1990, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Due to term limits, incumbent Republican Garrey Carruthers was ineligible to seek a second term as governor. Democrat Bruce King won his third and final term overall as governor, defeating Republican Frank Bond. King won the largest share of the vote out of his four gubernatorial campaigns. This is the most recent election in which Catron County has voted for a Democratic gubernatorial candidate.

Catron County, New Mexico
Catron County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,579, making it New Mexico's third-least populous county. Its county seat is Reserve. Catron County is New Mexico's largest county by area.
Oxiris Barbot
Oxiris Barbot (/ɔːkˈsiːriːs/, born 1965 or 1966) is an American pediatrician who served as the Commissioner of Health of the City of New York from 2018 to 2020. She was then appointed to public health positions with Columbia University and the JPB Foundation, and in 2022 became president and chief executive officer of the nonprofit United Hospital Fund.

Commissioner of Health of the City of New York
The commissioner of health of the City of New York is the head of the city's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. The commissioner is appointed by the Mayor of New York City, and also serves on the city's Board of Health with the chairperson of the Department's Mental Hygiene Advisory Board and nine other members appointed by the mayor.
Maree Edwards (rugby union)
Maree Edwards (born 8 February 1975) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. She was a member of the New Zealand squad that won their first Rugby World Cup title at the 1998 tournament in the Netherlands.

New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.
Rob Bauer
Robert Peter Bauer (born 11 November 1962) is a Dutch retired military officer of the Royal Netherlands Navy who served as Chair of the NATO Military Committee from 2021 to 2025, after succeeding Air Chief Marshal Stuart Peach. Bauer formerly served as the Chief of Defence (Dutch: Commandant der Strijdkrachten) from October 2017 to April 2021, and as the Vice Chief of Defence of the Netherlands of the from 1 September 2015 to 13 July 2017. Bauer was also involved in counter-terrorist and anti-piracy operations in the Mediterranean Sea, and in the Horn of Africa.

Chair of the NATO Military Committee
The Chair of the NATO Military Committee (abbr.  CMC) is the head of the NATO Military Committee, which advises the North Atlantic Council (NAC) on military policy and strategy. The CMC is the senior military spokesperson of the 32-nation alliance and principal advisor to the Secretary General. The chair is one of the foremost officials of NATO, next to the Secretary General and the Supreme Allied Commander Europe. The CMC is assisted by the deputy chair, who advises the Deputy Secretary General and serves as the principal agent for coordination of nuclear, biological, and chemical matters for the Military Committee. Originally titled the Chairman, the post was redesignated in 2021 to reflect the gender-neutrality of the post.

The current Chair of the NATO Military Committee is Admiral Giuseppe Cavo Dragone, former Chief of the Defence Staff of Italy, who took office on 17 January 2025.
Biographia Literaria
The Biographia Literaria is a critical autobiography by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, published in 1817 in two volumes. Its working title was 'Autobiographia Literaria'. The formative influences on the work were William Wordsworth's theory of poetry, the Kantian view of imagination as a shaping power (for which Coleridge later coined the neologism "esemplastic"), various post-Kantian writers including F. W. J. von Schelling, and the earlier influences of the empiricist school, including  David Hartley and the Associationist psychology.

Associationism
Associationism is the idea that mental processes operate by the association of one mental state with its successor states. It holds that all mental processes are made up of discrete psychological elements and their combinations, which are believed to be made up of sensations or simple feelings. In philosophy, this idea is viewed as the outcome of empiricism and sensationism. The concept encompasses a psychological theory as well as comprehensive philosophical foundation and scientific methodology.
Bing Product Upload
Bing Product Upload (codenamed Agora, formerly Windows Live Product Upload and Live Search Product Upload) was part of Microsoft's Bing search engine. It enabled online shoppers using Bing Shopping to find easily find merchant's products.

Product Upload helped merchants to upload their product catalogs in either text or XML file formats. It supported bulk uploads using FTP and browser-based uploads using HTTP. After the products were uploaded, they became visible to online shoppers using Bing Shopping. Shoppers were able to view prices, descriptions, and product images, and a direct link to the merchant's website to purchase their products. Merchants required a Windows Live ID to log in and sign up.

Bing Product Upload was discontinued on 15 May 2009.

Bing Shopping
Bing Shopping (formerly MSN Shopping, Windows Live Shopping, Live Search Products and Windows Live Product Search) is a products search and discovery service that allows users to search for products from various sellers together on a single website. It uses Bing to show product results–including photos and product details. Products can be filtered and prices compared. Purchases are completed on the seller's website.

Discontinued around October 1, 2013,[1] it was relaunched in August 2017 using a paid model where merchants pay to list their products on the service using Bing Ads Product Ads.
Working class
The working class is a group of people in a social hierarchy, typically defined by earning wages or salaries through their ability to work. Members of the working class rely primarily upon earnings from wage labour. Most common definitions of "working class" in use in the United States limit its membership to workers who hold blue-collar and pink-collar jobs, or whose income is insufficiently high to place them in the middle class, or both. However, socialists define "working class" to include all workers who fall into the category of requiring income from wage labour to subsist; thus, this definition can include almost all of the working population of industrialized economies.

Wage
A wage is the price of labor. Examples of wage payments include compensatory payments such as minimum wage, prevailing wage, and yearly bonuses, and remunerative payments such as prizes and tip payouts. Wages are part of the expenses that are involved in running a business. It is an obligation to the employee regardless of the profitability of the company.

Payment by wage contrasts with salaried work, in which the employer pays an arranged amount at steady intervals (such as a week or month) regardless of hours worked, with commission which conditions pay on individual performance, and with compensation based on the performance of the company as a whole. Waged employees may also receive tips or gratuity paid directly by clients and employee benefits which are non-monetary forms of compensation. Since wage labour is the predominant form of work, the term "wage" sometimes refers to all forms (or all monetary forms) of employee compensation.
Murt Connolly
Murt Connolly is an Irish former hurler who played as a midfielder for the Castlegar senior team.

Born in Castlegar, County Galway, Connolly first played competitive hurling whilst at school in St Mary's College, Galway. At club level he is a one-time All-Ireland medallist with Castlegar. In addition to this he also won two Connacht medals and two championship medals.

As the youngest of the Connolly dynasty, many of his brothers, John, Pádraic, Joe, Michael, Tom and Gerry, played with distinction for Castlegar and Galway.

In retirement from playing, Connolly became involved in team management and coaching, including as manager of the Mayo senior team.

Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship
The Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship was an annual hurling tournament played between the senior hurling clubs in Connacht contested from 1970 until 2007 when it was discontinued due to a lack of meaningful opposition for the Galway champions. The Galway champions now qualify directly for the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship semi-final.

Throughout the competition's existence the Galway champions automatically qualified for the final. In 2007, the competition's final year, this competition was won by Portumna from Galway. The competition had long since become a formality for the Galway teams.

The Mayo and Roscommon champions now compete in the Connacht Intermediate Club Hurling Championship. Sligo and Leitrim champions participate in the Connacht Junior Club Hurling Championship, again with the Galway side entering the competition at the final stage.
USA Volleyball Cup
The USA Volleyball Cup or USAV Cup is an annual indoor volleyball event organized by USA Volleyball.
The USAV CUP is an initiative of the USA Volleyball that draw elite teams to the United States to compete with the U.S. Men's and Women's National Indoor Volleyball Teams.

This provides the chance for the local communities around the U.S. specially to the host city of USA Volleyball, Anaheim, to watch world-class competition of women's volleyball.

In every tour series, at least one match will be played in Southern California and one throughout the country.

The USA Volleyball Cup was inaugurated in 2013 with the U.S. Women's National Team hosting Japan's Women's National Team.

The following year, the U.S. Men's National Team started the men's tour of USAV Cup hosting Iran's Men's National Team.

United States men's national volleyball team
The United States men's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. The team is governed by USA Volleyball, and it has won six Olympic medals, three of them gold.
Gmina Stoczek Łukowski
Gmina Stoczek Łukowski is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Stoczek Łukowski, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 173.46 square kilometres (67.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,566.

Stoczek Łukowski
Stoczek Łukowski [ˈstɔt͡ʂɛk wuˈkɔfskʲi] is a town in Łuków County, in Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland with 2,556 inhabitants (as of January 2018). The town is located upon the Świder River.

Stoczek Łukowski belongs to the historic province of Mazovia, in which it was part of the Land of Czersk. In the 15th century, it was property of Bishops of Poznań, and was named "Wola Poznańska". In the 16th century documents, it was also called "Sebastianowo", probably after Bishop of Poznań Sebastian Branicki. Current name came into use in the 17th century.
Look Now
Look Now is the 30th studio album by English singer-songwriter Elvis Costello and the Imposters, released on 12 October 2018. Look Now was the first studio album released by Costello since 2013. The album was co-produced by Costello and Sebastian Krys.

The majority of the songs here were written by Costello, though three were co-written with Burt Bacharach. Costello's collaboration with Carole King, "Burnt Sugar Is So Bitter," had existed only as a demo for 20 years before being produced for release on Look Now. Costello told NPR that Look Now is the "uptown pop record with a little swagger" that he had been wanting to make for 20 years.

Look Now won the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album at the 62nd Grammy Awards. Costello and the Imposters toured America in support of the album in November and December 2018.

NPR Music
NPR Music is a project of National Public Radio, an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization, that launched in November 2007 to present public radio music programming and original editorial content for music discovery. NPR Music offers current and archival podcasts, live concert webcasts, reviews, music lists, news, studio sessions, and interviews to listen to from NPR and partner public radio stations across the country, as well as an index of public radio music stations streaming live on the Internet.  There have been two blogs: "Monitor Mix" (now defunct) by Sleater-Kinney musician Carrie Brownstein and the All Songs Considered Blog by Bob Boilen and Robin Hilton.
Distance of closest approach
The distance of closest approach of two objects is the distance between their centers when they are externally tangent. The objects may be geometric shapes or physical particles with well-defined boundaries.  The distance of closest approach is sometimes referred to as the contact distance.

For the simplest objects, spheres, the distance of closest approach is simply the sum of their radii.  For non-spherical objects, the distance of closest approach is a function of the orientation of the objects, and its calculation can be difficult.  The maximum packing density of hard particles, an important problem of ongoing interest, depends on their distance of closest approach.

The interactions of particles typically depend on their separation, and the distance of closest approach plays an important role in determining the behavior of condensed matter systems.

Sphere
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα, sphaîra) is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point in three-dimensional space. That given point is the center of the sphere, and the distance r is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the ancient Greek mathematicians.

The sphere is a fundamental surface in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres roll smoothly in any direction, so most balls used in sports and toys are spherical, as are ball bearings.
Darren Lewis (American football)
Darren Lewis (November 7, 1968 – June 21, 2024), nicknamed "Tank", was an American professional football player who was a running back for three seasons with the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) in the early 1990s.  He played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies and was a consensus All-American in 1990.  He was a sixth-round selection by the  Bears in the 1991 NFL draft.

Texas A&M Aggies football
The Texas A&M Aggies football program represents Texas A&M University in the sport of American football.  The Aggies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  Texas A&M football claims three national titles and 18 conference titles. The team plays all home games at Kyle Field, a 102,733-person capacity outdoor stadium on the university campus.
Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad Co. v. American Cyanamid Co.
Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad Co. v. American Cyanamid Co., 916 F.2d 1174 (7th Cir. 1990), is a decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit authored by Judge Richard Posner.  The case has subsequently become a staple of first year Torts courses taught in American law schools, where the case is used to address the question of when it is better to use negligence liability or strict liability.

Negligence
Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act. The concept of negligence is linked to the obligation of individuals to exercise reasonable care in their actions and to consider foreseeable harm that their conduct might cause to other people or property. The elements of a negligence claim include the duty to act or refrain from action, breach of that duty, actual and proximate cause of harm, and damages. Someone who suffers loss caused by another's negligence may be able to sue for damages to compensate for their harm. Such loss may include physical injury, harm to property, psychiatric illness, or economic loss.
Chris Magnus
Christopher J. Magnus (born October 26, 1960) is an American former law enforcement professional who served as the commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection from 2021 to 2022. He was previously chief of police in Tucson, Arizona; Fargo, North Dakota; and Richmond, California. He is an advocate of community policing and of sanctuary cities and states.

On November 12, 2022, Magnus submitted his resignation to President Joe Biden, who was reported to have requested it days prior. Magnus had initially refused to resign and was threatened with termination if he did not.

Richmond, California
Richmond is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 3, 1905, and has a city council. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area's East Bay region, Richmond borders San Pablo, Albany, El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond, Hasford Heights, Kensington, El Sobrante, Bayview-Montalvin Manor, Tara Hills, and East Richmond Heights, and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay.

Richmond is one of two cities, the other being San Rafael, that sits on the shores of both San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. Its population was 116,448 as of the 2020 United States census making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond after Richmond, Virginia.
Ricardo Horta
Ricardo Jorge da Luz Horta (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁiˈkaɾðuˈɔɾtɐ]; born 15 September 1994) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Primeira Liga club Braga.

He spent most of his career with Braga after coming through Benfica's youth academy, playing more than 450 games for the former and scoring a club record 153 goals while winning the 2020–21 Taça de Portugal and two Taça da Liga. In the Primeira Liga, he also represented Vitória de Setúbal, and spent two years with Málaga in La Liga.

Horta finished second with Portugal at the 2015 European Under-21 Championship, also being an international at various youth levels. He made his debut with the full side in 2014, being selected for the 2022 World Cup.

2020–21 Taça de Portugal
The 2020–21 Taça de Portugal (also known as Taça de Portugal Placard for sponsorship reasons) was the 81st edition of the Taça de Portugal, the premier knockout competition in Portuguese football.
A total of 165 clubs compete in this edition, including all teams from the top three tiers of the Portuguese football league system – excluding reserve or B teams, which are not eligible – and representatives of the fourth-tier District leagues and cups.
The competition began on 26 September 2020 with the first-round matches involving teams from the third and fourth tiers, and concluded on 23 May 2021 with the final at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras.

Primeira Liga side Porto were the defending champions and entered the competition in the third round, but they were eliminated by eventual winners Braga in the semi-finals.
Braga beat Benfica 2–0 in the final to win their third title.
Bow and Bromley
Bow and Bromley was a constituency in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Located in the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar in London, it was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act for the 1885 general election and returned one Member of Parliament (MP) until it was abolished for the 1950 general election.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Caseous necrosis
Caseous necrosis or caseous degeneration (/ˈkeɪsiəs/) is a unique form of cell death in which the tissue maintains a cheese-like appearance, appearing as a soft and white proteinaceous dead cell mass.  The dead tissue is enclosed within a granuloma, and differs from coagulative necrosis in that tissue structure is destroyed. Caseous necrosis is most notably associated with tuberculoma.

The term caseous means 'pertaining or related to cheese', and comes from the Latin word caseus 'cheese'.

Coagulative necrosis
Coagulative necrosis is a type of accidental cell death typically caused by ischemia or infarction. In coagulative necrosis, the architectures of dead tissue are preserved for at least a couple of days. It is believed that the injury denatures structural proteins as well as lysosomal enzymes, thus blocking the proteolysis of the damaged cells. The lack of lysosomal enzymes allows it to maintain a "coagulated" morphology for some time. Like most types of necrosis, if enough viable cells are present around the affected area, regeneration will usually occur. Coagulative necrosis occurs in most bodily organs, excluding the brain. Different diseases are associated with coagulative necrosis, including acute tubular necrosis and acute myocardial infarction.

Coagulative necrosis can also be induced by high local temperature; it is a desired effect of treatments such as high intensity focused ultrasound applied to cancerous cells.