hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
RD-214
The RD-214 (GRAU Index 8D59) was a liquid rocket engine, burning AK-27I (a mixture of 73% nitric acid and 27% N2O4 + iodine passivant  and TM-185 (a kerosene and gasoline mix) in the gas generator cycle. As was the case with many V-2 influenced engines, the single turbine was driven by steam generated by catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. It also had four combustion chambers and vector control was achieved by refractory vanes protruding into the nozzle's exhaust.

Liquid-propellant rocket
Liquid rocket fuel.

Oxidizer.

Pumps carry the fuel and oxidizer.

The combustion chamber mixes and burns the two liquids.

Combustion product gasses enter the nozzle through a throat.

Exhaust exits the rocket.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.
AlphaGo versus Fan Hui
AlphaGo versus Fan Hui was a five-game Go match between European champion Fan Hui, a 2-dan (out of 9 dan possible) professional, and AlphaGo, a computer Go program developed by DeepMind, held at DeepMind's headquarters in London in October 2015. AlphaGo won all five games. This was the first time a computer Go program had beaten a professional human player on a full-sized board without handicap. This match was not disclosed to the public until 27 January 2016 to coincide with the publication of a paper in the journal Nature describing the algorithms AlphaGo used.

Fan described the program as "very strong and stable, it seems like a wall. ... I know AlphaGo is a computer, but if no one told me, maybe I would think the player was a little strange, but a very strong player, a real person."

Handicapping in Go
In the game of Go, a handicap can be given when two players of different strengths play each other to offset the difference and make a close, exciting game more likely.  Handicapping is much more common in Go than in other board games, as the system adapts comparatively well to handicaps; perhaps half of all Go games are played with handicaps.  Handicaps are given by means of stones and compensation points (komi).  A small handicap such as might be given with a difference of one rank is that the weaker player plays as Black and gets the first move, but offers no komi for the advantage.  Larger handicaps give free stones placed at the start of the game for the Black player.
Gambier (commune)
Gambier (French pronunciation: [ɡɑ̃bje]) is a commune of French Polynesia in the administrative subdivision of the Tuamotu-Gambier Islands. The commune includes the Gambier Islands as well as several atolls in the Tuamotu Archipelago (the Acteon Group and the isolated atolls of Maria Est, Morane, and Marutea Sud). All the Tuamotu atolls belonging to the commune are uninhabited except for Marutea Sud, and are sometimes mistakenly included among the Gambier Islands themselves. The commune population was 1,570 at the 2022 census. Its total land area is 45.97 km2.

Îles Tuamotu-Gambier
The Îles Tuamotu-Gambier (French: Îles Tuamotu-Gambier or Archipels des Tuamotu et des Gambier or Archipel des Tuamotu-Gambier or Tuamotu-Gambier or officially subdivision administrative des (Îles) Tuamotu-Gambier) is an administrative division in French Polynesia. It consists of the Tuamotus and the Gambier Islands which are geographically located closely together.

Because of a difference between administrative districts and electoral circumscriptions on the Îles Tuamotu-Gambier, French Polynesia has 5 administrative subdivisions (French: subdivisions administratives), but 6 electoral districts/electoral circumscriptions (French: circonscriptions électorales). It has an area of 726.5 square kilometers and an estimated population of 16,881 people according to data from 2017.
Great Bear Rainforest
The Great Bear Rainforest is a temperate rain forest on the Pacific coast of British Columbia, comprising 6.4 million hectares. It is part of the larger Pacific temperate rainforest ecoregion, which is the largest coastal temperate rainforest in the world.

The Great Bear Rainforest was officially recognized by the Government of British Columbia in February 2016, when it announced an agreement to permanently protect 85% of the old-growth forested area from industrial logging. The forest was admitted to the Queen's Commonwealth Canopy in September of the same year.

The Queen's Commonwealth Canopy
The Queen's Commonwealth Canopy (QCC) is an initiative begun in 2015 as a network of forest conservation programmes throughout the 54 countries of the Commonwealth of Nations. By 2016, 16 countries had become involved and, by 2023, the number was 54.
WASP-44b
WASP-44b is a closely orbiting Jupiter-sized planet found in the orbit of the sunlike star WASP-44 by the SuperWASP program, which searches for transiting planets that cross in front of their host stars as seen from Earth.  After follow-up observations using radial velocity, the planet was confirmed. Use of another telescope at the same observatory detected WASP-44 transiting its star. The planet completes an orbit around its star every two and a half days, and orbits at roughly 0.03 AU from its host star. WASP-44b's discovery was reported by the Royal Astronomical Society in May 2011.

Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not directly image the planet but deduce its existence from another signal. Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. For example, a star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the glare from the parent star washes it out. For those reasons, very few of the exoplanets reported as of June 2025 have been detected directly, with even fewer being resolved from their host star.
No Longer Slaves
"No Longer Slaves" is a song by Bethel Music featuring Jonathan David & Melissa Helser and it was released on August 21, 2015, as Bethel Music's lead single from their seventh live album, We Will Not Be Shaken (2015). The song also appeared on the album Bethel Music en Español (2019). The song won the "Worship Song of the Year" award at the 47th Annual GMA Dove Awards in 2016, with Jonathan David & Melissa Helser performing it at the ceremony.

Jonathan David & Melissa Helser
Jonathan David & Melissa Helser are an American Christian music husband and wife duo from Sophia, North Carolina, who started their music recording careers together in 2013. They have released three studio albums with Bethel Music, Endless Ocean, Bottomless Sea (2014), On the Shores (2015) and Beautiful Surrender (2016). Their last album, Beautiful Surrender, was their breakthrough released upon the Billboard magazine charts.
Hendrika B. Cantwell
Hendrika Bestebreurtje Cantwell (May 3, 1925 – July 24, 2025) was a German-born American physician, professor emerita of pediatrics at the University of Colorado Denver, advocate for abused and neglected children and parenting educator. She was one of the first physicians in the United States to work for a child protection agency, serving with the Denver Department of Social Services from 1975 to 1989. Her work there brought her in contact with an estimated 30,000 cases of suspected child abuse and she testified as an expert witness in thousands of court cases. An author of peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and teaching manuals on the detection and treatment of child abuse, she has also conducted workshops and training programs for professionals throughout Colorado. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1990.

Parent education program
A parent education program is a course that can be followed to correct and improve a person's parenting skills. Such courses may be general, covering the most common issues parents may encounter, or specific, for infants, toddlers, children and teenagers. These courses may also be geared towards parents who are considering having a child, or adopting one, or are pregnant.

Some parent education programs are:

Parent Effectiveness Training is based on person-centered psychotherapy.

Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) is based on individual psychology.
Anne Benna Sims
Anne Benna Sims was the first African-American danseuse at American Ballet Theatre and the first African-American soloist in the company's history. Sims' professional career began with Les Grands Ballets Canadiens where she danced in the corps de ballet. In 1972 she was invited to join the Geneva Opera Ballet by company director Alfonso Cata, who became her mentor. When Cata assumed the director position of the Frankfurt Opera Ballet, he offered Sims a position as a soloist. One year later, Sims became a principal dancer. In 1977, Sims returned to the United States and joined the Eglevsky Ballet Company as a principal dancer. In 1978, she performed in Ballet on Broadway. Sims, who joined American Ballet Theatre in late 1978, became the first African American female to hold a contract with the ABT company.

Grand Théâtre de Genève
Grand Théâtre de Genève is an opera house in Geneva, Switzerland.

As with many other opera houses, the Grand Théâtre de Genève is both a venue and an institution.  The venue is a majestic building, towering over Place Neuve, officially opened in 1876, partly destroyed by fire in 1951 and reopened in 1962, after extensive refurbishments, which houses the largest stage in Switzerland.  As an institution, it is the largest production and host theatre in French-speaking Switzerland, featuring opera and dance performances, recitals, concerts and, occasionally, theatre.

During the 17th and early 18th centuries, Geneva was heavily influenced by Calvinist orthodoxy and it was not until the middle 1760s that the city agreed to the building of the Théâtre de Rosimond, Geneva's first opera house. Under the influence of Voltaire opera began to flourish at La Grange aux Etrangers and its successor theatre, the Théâtre de Neuve, both of which were located outside the walls of the city.
Piyari Bittu
Piyari Bittu (transl. Dear Bittu), is a Pakistani psychological drama television series, written by Saji Gul, directed by Mazhar Moin and aired on Express Entertainment from September 2017 to March 2018. It features Saniya Shamshad in the title role of Bittu with Atiqa Odho and Sania Saeed in pivotal roles, in their second project together since Sitara Aur Mehrunnisa. It deals with the subject of the complexity of human relations and people suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

Sitara Aur Mehrunissa
Sitara Aur Mehrunissa (Urdu: ستارہ اور مہر النساء, lit. 'Sitara and Mehrunissa') is a Pakistani Urdu television series  written by Anwar Maqsood.  It starred Sania Saeed as Mehrunissa and Atiqa Odho as Sitara in her debut performance. Other members of the cast included Anwar Maqsood, Azra Sherwani and Sajid Hassan. Sitara Aur Mehrunissa was very popular and was screened during prime time television. It telecast in 1992 on NTM
Robert J. Rodriguez
Robert J. Rodriguez (born April 11, 1976) is the president and chief executive officer of the New York State Dormitory Authority. He was the Secretary of State of New York from December 2021 to May 2024. He also served as a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly, representing the 68th Assembly District from 2011 to 2021.

Dormitory Authority of the State of New York
The Dormitory Authority of the State of New York (DASNY /ˈdæzniː/) provides construction, financing, and allied services which serve the public good of New York State.  More specifically, as a New York State public-benefit corporation, DASNY provides services for public and non-proprietary (i.e., nonprofit) private universities in New York State; for not-for-profit healthcare facilities in the State; and for other New York State-related institutions/purposes (such as State court facilities and State pension bonds).  Like other public authorities in New York, DASNY has the flexibility to borrow on behalf of the state through legislative authorization, rather than incurring general obligation debt, which requires voter approval.
Healthcare on the Isle of Man
Health and social care on the Isle of Man is the responsibility of the Department of Health and Social Care. Healthcare in Isle of Man is free for residents and visitors from the UK, and there is a reciprocal health agreement with the UK. For several years, it has required a supplementary vote to balance its budget at the end of each year. The Reciprocal Health Agreement only covers three months from the point of arrival in the UK.

Department of Health and Social Care (Isle of Man)
The Department of Health and Social Care (Manx: Rheynn Slaynt as Kiarail y Theay) is the largest (by number of personnel and budget) of the seven departments of the Isle of Man Government. It was created on 1 April 2014 as a result of a merger of health and social care services from the former Department of Health and Department of Social Care. The intention to merge the two Departments was announced on 2 December 2013 as part of the Council of Ministers' plans to modernise ministerial government. The move was by and large a reversal of one element of the restructuring of the Isle of Man Government in April 2010 which saw the former Department of Health and Social Security split to form the Department of Health and the Department of Social Care.
Trellech
Trellech (occasionally spelt Trelech, Treleck or Trelleck; Welsh: Tryleg) is a village and parish in Monmouthshire, south-east Wales. Located 5 miles (8 km) south of Monmouth and 4 miles (6.4 km) north-north-west of Tintern, Trellech lies on a plateau above the Wye Valley on the southern fringes of 320 acres (130 ha) of woodland in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Three Bronze Age standing stones are situated in the village, known as Harold's Stones, which overlook the historic church of St Nicholas, a Grade I listed building.

Although a relatively small village in modern times, it was one of the largest towns in Wales in the 13th century, and is now a site of archaeological interest to determine its extent and role at that time. The village is designated as a conservation area.

There are four nature reserves nearby; New Grove Flower Meadow, noted for its orchids, and Trellech Beacon are both owned by Gwent Wildlife Trust while Cleddon Bog and Croes Robert Wood are both SSSIs.

Tintern
Tintern (Welsh: Tyndyrn) is a village in the community of Wye Valley, on the west bank of the River Wye in Monmouthshire, Wales, close to the border with England, about 5 miles (8 km) north of Chepstow. It is popular with tourists, in particular for the scenery and the ruined Tintern Abbey. Modern Tintern has been formed by the coalescence of two historic villages: Tintern Parva, forming the northern end of the village, and Chapel Hill, which forms the southern end. The village is designated as a Conservation Area.

In 2022 the community was renamed from "Tintern" to "Wye Valley" and had boundary changes.
Malcolm Crim
John Malcolm Crim (1886–1971) was an American businessman, oilman, politician, and a leader within the Mount Tabor Indian Community, who served as the first mayor of Kilgore, Texas following its 1931 incorporation. As a member of Kilgore's influential Crim family, he played a pivotal role in the discovery of the East Texas Oil Field and the subsequent transformation of the city during the oil boom era.

Columbus Marion Joiner
Columbus Marion Joiner, nicknamed Dad Joiner (March 12, 1860 – March 27, 1947), was an American politician and oilman who at the age of seventy drilled the discovery well of the East Texas Oil Field of the 1930s. Newspaper articles referred to Joiner as the Daddy of the Rusk County Oil Field.: 6, 70, 288
Music of Adelaide
Music of Adelaide includes music relating to the city of Adelaide, South Australia. It includes all genres of both live and recorded music by artists born or living in the city, live music events happening in the city, and other aspects of the music industry relating to Adelaide.

Adelaide is a UNESCO City of Music. It enjoys several annual music festivals and awards, and possibly has more live music venues per capita than any other capital city in the Southern Hemisphere. Organisations such as Music SA and the Music Development Office (MDO), backed by the state government, help to nurture the live music industry and the careers of emerging artists.

Artists of some renown such as Sia, Paul Kelly, Redgum, Cold Chisel, Adelaide Symphony Orchestra, Hilltop Hoods, No Fixed Address and Guy Sebastian originate from the city.

Government of South Australia
The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government or the SA Government, is the executive branch of the state of South Australia. It is modelled on the Westminster system, meaning that the highest ranking members of the executive are drawn from an elected state parliament. Specifically the party or coalition which holds a majority of the House of Assembly (the lower chamber of the South Australian Parliament).
Tax expenditure
Tax expenditures are government revenue losses from tax exclusions, exemptions, deductions, credits, deferrals, and preferential tax rates. They are a counterpart to direct expenditures, in that they both are forms of government spending.

Tax expenditures function as subsidies for certain activities, they effect both axis of equity of the basic tax system by giving preferential treatment to those activities. For instance, two people who have the same income can have different effective tax rates if one of the tax payers qualifies for certain tax expenditures by owning a home, having children, or receiving employer-provided health care and pension insurance.

Tax rate
In a tax system, the tax rate is the ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) at which a business or person is taxed. The tax rate that is applied to an individual's or corporation's income is determined by tax laws of the country and can be influenced by many factors such as income level, type of income, and so on. There are several methods used to present a tax rate: statutory, average, marginal, flat, and effective.  These rates can also be presented using different definitions applied to a tax base: inclusive and exclusive.
English Votive Style
The English Votive Style, or simply the Votive Style, was a movement in English early Renaissance choral polyphony that began in the 1470s, in the final stages of the Wars of the Roses, and ended in the 1540s, with the death of Henry VIII and the beginning of the Edwardian Reformation. A brief revival occurred in the 1550s with the reign of Mary I, which came to an end by the 1559 injunctions.

The style is characterised by high treble lines, long solo verses and a frequent use of melisma throughout. Votive antiphons in the style were generally performed at the end of the day, after compline, while longer Lady Masses occurred on feast days. While most of the surviving body in the style is Marian, masses and motets for other non-Marian feast days were also composed.

Choirboy
A choirboy is a boy member of a choir, also known as a treble.

As a derisive slang term, it refers to a do-gooder or someone who is morally upright, in the same sense that "Boy Scout" (also derisively) refers to someone who is considered honorable.
Moses Yellowhorse
Moses  J. Yellowhorse (January 28, 1898 – April 10, 1964) was a Native American professional baseball pitcher from Oklahoma. He played two seasons in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates, 1921 and 1922. Yellowhorse was Skidi Pawnee.

Skidi
The Skidi is one of four bands of Pawnee people, a central Plains tribe. They lived on the Central Plains of Nebraska and Kansas for most of the millennium prior to European contact. The Skidi, also known as the Wolf band lived in the northern part of Pawnee territory.

According to oral history, the Skidi were associated with the Arikara and the Wichita before the Arikara moved northward. They did not join the other, southern bands of Pawnee until the mid-18th century. The Skidi language was less related to the other Pawnee languages than the other three tribes' languages were related to each other. In the 18th century, the Skidi first lived on the Loup River in Nebraska.

Today, the Skidi Pawnee are enrolled in the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma.
Valtteri Moren
Valtteri Moren (born 15 June 1991) is a Finnish former professional footballer who played as a defender. Moren was born in Vantaa, Finland. He began his senior club career playing for Klubi-04, before making his league debut for HJK at age 19 in 2010. After winning his first trophy, the Veikkausliiga, during his first season on league level, he helped HJK win five successive Veikkausliiga titles, two Cups and a League Cup. After five full seasons in HJK he was sold to Belgian First Division A side Waasland-Beveren.

Moren made his international debut for Finland in October 2013, at the age of 22.

He announced his retirement in November 2024 at the age of 33, due to multiple knee injuries.

Finnish League Cup
The Finnish League Cup (in Finnish: Liigacup), is a knock-out football competition contested annually during the pre-season in winter by teams from Veikkausliiga. 
The competition is notably the only football competition in Europe which is mostly played indoors. It is also administrated by Veikkausliiga
Curtis Osborne
Curtis Osborne (March 1970 – June 4, 2008) was an American convicted murderer on death row in Georgia from Spalding County. He murdered Arthur Lee Jones and Linda Lisa Seaborne in 1990 to avoid paying a $400 debt. Johnny Mostiler, his court-appointed attorney, allegedly neglected to inform Osborne that the prosecutor had offered him a life sentence in exchange for a plea bargain, declaring "That little nigger deserves the death penalty." Osborne's case for clemency was championed by former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and former Deputy U.S. Attorney General Larry Thompson, who wrote letters to the clemency board pleading for mercy. Former U.S. Attorney General Griffin Bell also spoke on his behalf. His execution was carried out despite these appeals.

Spalding County, Georgia
Spalding County is a county in the West Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 67,306. The county seat is Griffin. The county was created December 20, 1851, and named for former United States representative and senator Thomas Spalding.

Spalding County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell MSA.
Keinan Davis
Keinan Vincent Joseph Davis (born 13 February 1998) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie A club Udinese.

Following youth spells at Stevenage and Biggleswade Town Davis moved to the Aston Villa Academy at the age of 17 in December 2015 and made his first team debut just over a year later against Tottenham Hotspur in the FA Cup in January 2017. Having played in a role in Aston Villa's promotion back to the Premier League in 2019, he played on loan at EFL Championship sides Nottingham Forest and Watford, helping the former win the 2022 Championship play-offs. He has represented England at Under-20 level.

2022 EFL play-offs
The English Football League play-offs for the 2021–22 season (referred to as the Sky Bet Play-Offs for sponsorship reasons) were held in May 2022 with all finals being staged at Wembley Stadium in Wembley.

The play-offs begin in each league with two semi-finals which are played over two legs. The teams who finished in 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th place in the Championship and League One and the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th-placed teams in League Two compete. The winners of the semi-finals advance to the finals, with the winners gaining promotion for the following season.

All three play-off finals will use Video Assistant Referees (VAR), making it the first time that they have been used in each of the respective leagues.