hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Albanian People's Army
The Albanian People's Army (Albanian: Ushtria Popullore Shqiptare, UPSh) was the national army of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1946 to 1990. Like the militaries of other Communist states, the UPSh was subjected to the nation's ruling party, in this case the Party of Labour of Albania. In fact, as in other Communist states, the Party considered the military to be a creation of the Party itself. The UPSh consisted of the Ground Forces, the Navy and the Air Force. The militia of the UPSh was the Voluntary Forces of Popular Self-Defense (FVVP), and affiliate military structures included the Armed School Youth (RSHA) and Civil Defense of the Republic (MCR). After the fall of communism in Albania, the UPSh was replaced by the Albanian Armed Forces.

Party of Labour of Albania
The Party of Labour of Albania (Albanian: Partia e Punës e Shqipërisë, PPSh), was the ruling and sole legal party of Albania during the communist period (1944–1991). It was founded on 8 November 1941 as the Communist Party of Albania (Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë, PKSh) but changed its name in 1948 following a recommendation by Joseph Stalin. The party dissolved on 13 June 1991 and refounded itself as the Socialist Party of Albania. For most of its existence, the party was dominated by its first leader, Enver Hoxha, who was also the dictator of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985.
Volhynian Counties Administration
The Volhynian Counties Administration was a provisional administrative division of the Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands controlled by the Second Polish Republic, that existed from 7 June 1919 to 9 September 1919. Its seat was located in Kowel.

Kovel
Kovel (Ukrainian: Ковель, IPA: [ˈkɔwelʲ] ⓘ; Polish: Kowel; Yiddish: קאוולע / קאוולי) is a city in Volyn Oblast, northwestern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Kovel Raion within the oblast. Population: 67,575 (2022 estimate).

Kovel gives its name to one of the oldest runic inscriptions which were lost during World War II. The Kovel spearhead, unearthed near the town in 1858, contained text in Gothic.
Gregory Carroll (R&B singer)
John Wayne Carroll (December 19, 1929 – January 25, 2013), usually known as Gregory Carroll or Greg Carroll, was an American R&B singer, songwriter, and record producer.  He was a member of several successful vocal harmony or "doo-wop" groups including The Four Buddies and The Orioles, and co-wrote and produced Doris Troy's 1963 hit "Just One Look".

Doris Troy
Doris Troy (born  Doris Elaine Higginsen; January 6, 1937 – February 16, 2004) was an American R&B singer and songwriter, known to her fans as "Mama Soul". Her biggest hit was "Just One Look", a top 10 hit in 1963.
Nilpotent
In mathematics, an element  of a ring  is called nilpotent if there exists some positive integer  such that . The smallest such  is called the index of nilpotency or the degree of nilpotency of .

The term, along with its sister idempotent, was introduced by Benjamin Peirce in the context of his work on the classification of algebras.

Idempotent (ring theory)
In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, an idempotent element or simply idempotent of a ring is an element a such that a2 = a. That is, the element is idempotent under the ring's multiplication. Inductively then, one can also conclude that a = a2 = a3 = a4 = ... = an for any positive integer n. For example, an idempotent element of a matrix ring is precisely an idempotent matrix.

For general rings, elements idempotent under multiplication are involved in decompositions of modules, and connected to homological properties of the ring. In Boolean algebra, the main objects of study are rings in which all elements are idempotent under both addition and multiplication.
Texas State Highway 317
State Highway 317 (SH 317) is a Texas state highway that runs north–south from Valley Mills to the intersection of Interstate 35, Interstate 14, and U.S. Highway 190 in Belton.  This route was designated on May 23, 1939 from Belton to McGregor, with an extension north to Valley Mills on October 29, 1947.

U.S. Route 190
U.S. Route 190 (US 190) is an east–west United States Highway in Louisiana and Texas. Segments of US 190 will be upgraded to Interstate 14 (I-14); the first 24.8-mile (39.9 km) segment was opened on January 26, 2017.
Joe Cain
Joseph Stillwell Cain Jr. (October 10, 1832 – April 17, 1904) was an American Confederate military veteran largely credited with initiating the modern way of observing Mardi Gras and its celebrations in Mobile, Alabama, following the Civil War.

In 1868, while Mobile was still under Union occupation, Joe Cain paraded through the streets of Mobile, dressed in improvised costume as a fictional "Chickasaw" chief named Slacabamorinico.  The choice was an attempt to insult to U.S. Army forces in that it was believed by some that the Chickasaw tribe had never been defeated in war.

Joe was joined at some point by six other Confederate veterans, parading in a decorated coal wagon, playing drums and horns, and the group became the "L. C. Minstrel Band", now commonly referred to as the "Lost Cause Minstrels" of Mobile.

Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras (UK: /ˌmɑːrdi ˈɡrɑː/; US: /ˈmɑːrdi ɡrɑː/), also known as Shrove Tuesday, is the final day of Carnival (also known as Shrovetide or Fastelavn); it thus falls on the day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras ([maʁdi ɡʁa]) is French for "Fat Tuesday", referring to it being the last day of consuming rich, fatty foods, most notably red meat, in preparation for the Christian fasting season of Lent, during which such foods are avoided.

Related popular practices are associated with Carnival celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent. In countries such as the United Kingdom, Mardi Gras is more usually known as Pancake Day or (traditionally) Shrove Tuesday, derived from the word shrive, meaning "to administer the sacrament of confession to; to absolve".
10th Baluch Regiment
The 10th Baluch or Baluch Regiment  was a regiment of the British Indian Army from 1922 to 1947. After independence, it was transferred to the Pakistan Army. In 1956, it was amalgamated with the 8th Punjab and Bahawalpur Regiments. During more than a hundred years of military service, the 10th Baluch Regiment acquired a distinguished record amongst the regiments of the British Indian Army. Its list of honours and awards includes four Victoria Crosses.

Bahawalpur Regiment
The Bahawalpur Regiment was a regiment of Pakistan Army. The regiment was formed in 1952 from the infantry battalions of the erstwhile Princely State of Bahawalpur, which had acceded to Pakistan in 1947. In 1956, the Bahawalpur Regiment was merged with the Pakistan Army ( 4 battalions of infantry merged with Baloch Regiment, elements of artillery with 14 Field Regiment  while Armour elements with 19 lancers)
Long Field at Mauck Stadium
Long Field at Mauck Stadium is a baseball venue located on the campus of James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States.  It was home to the James Madison Dukes baseball team, a member of the Division I Colonial Athletic Association until the end of the 2009 season, when it was replaced by Eagle Field at Veterans Memorial Park.  Built in 1974, The venue has a capacity of 1,200.

Long Field is named after J. Ward Long, a former professor at the university who also coached the golf, basketball, and cross county teams.  Mauck Stadium is named in honor of J. Leonard Mauck, a former board member at James Madison.

Eagle Field at Veterans Memorial Park
Eagle Field at Veterans Memorial Park is a baseball venue in Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States.  It is home to the James Madison Dukes baseball team of the NCAA Division I Colonial Athletic Association.  James Madison University joined the Sun Belt Conference in 2022.  The Harrisonburg Turks of the collegiate summer Valley Baseball League also use the field, which opened in March 2010 and has a capacity of 1,200 spectators.
NGC 3166
NGC 3166 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Sextans. The galaxy lies about 65 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3166 is approximately 105,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 19, 1783.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Kepler-7b
Kepler-7b is one of the first five exoplanets to be confirmed by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, and was confirmed during the first 34 days of Kepler's science operations. It orbits a star slightly hotter and significantly larger than the Sun that is expected to soon reach the end of the main sequence. Kepler-7b is a hot Jupiter that is about half the mass of Jupiter, but is nearly 1.5 times its size; at the time of its discovery, Kepler-7b was the second most diffuse planet known, surpassed only by WASP-17b.  It orbits its host star every five days at a distance of approximately 0.06 AU (9,000,000 km; 5,600,000 mi). Kepler-7b was announced at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society on January 4, 2010. It is the first extrasolar planet to have a crude map of cloud coverage.

WASP-17b
WASP-17b, officially named Ditsö̀, is an exoplanet in the constellation Scorpius that is orbiting the star WASP-17. Its discovery was announced on 11 August 2009. It is the first planet discovered to have a retrograde orbit, meaning it orbits in a direction counter to the rotation of its host star. This discovery challenged traditional planetary formation theory. In terms of diameter, WASP-17b is one of the largest exoplanets discovered and at half Jupiter's mass, this made it the most puffy planet known in 2010. On 3 December 2013, scientists working with the Hubble Space Telescope reported detecting water in the exoplanet's atmosphere.

WASP-17b's name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Costa Rica, during the 100th anniversary of the International Astronomical Union. Ditsö̀ is the name that the god Sibö̀ gave to the first Bribri people in Talamancan mythology.
Ferula
Ferula (from Latin ferula 'rod') is a genus of about 220 species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia, mostly growing in arid climates. Many plants of this genus, especially F. communis, are referred to as "giant fennel", although they are not fennel in the strict sense.

Ferula communis
Ferula communis, the giant fennel, is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. It is related to the common fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), which belongs to the same family.

Ferula communis is a tall herbaceous perennial plant. It is found in Mediterranean and East African woodlands and shrublands.
It was known in antiquity as laser
or narthex.
Battle of Thermopylae (279 BC)
The Battle of Thermopylae was fought in 279 BC between invading Gallic armies and a combined Greek army of Aetolians, Boeotians, Athenians, Phocians and Locrians at Thermopylae. The Gauls under Brennus were victorious, and advanced further into the Greek peninsula where they attempted to sack Delphi but were completely defeated.

Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe
Gallic groups, originating from the various La Tène chiefdoms, began a southeastern movement into the Balkans from the 4th century BC. Although Gallic settlements were concentrated in the western half of the Carpathian basin, there were notable incursions and settlements within the Balkans.

From their new bases in northern Illyria and Pannonia, the Gallic invasions climaxed in the early 3rd century BC, with the invasion of Greece. The 279 BC invasion of Greece proper was preceded by a series of other military campaigns waged in the southern Balkans and against the Kingdom of Macedonia, favoured by the state of confusion ensuing from the disputed succession after Alexander the Great's death. A part of the invading Celts crossed over to Anatolia and eventually settled in the area that came to be named after them, Galatia.
Anandavally
Anandavally C. R. (14 January 1952 – 5 April 2019) was an Indian actress and dubbing artist, who predominantly worked in the Malayalam film industry. She has lent voice to over 5,000 characters in over 2,000 Malayalam movies. Anandavally was the woman behind the voice and one of the senior most dubbing artists in Malayalam cinema. In 1993 alone, Ananadavally dubbed for at least 2000 films, lending her voice to lead female characters. This continues to remain among the unbreakable records in Malayalam industry. The dubbing artist had given voice to most of Geetha (actress) characters in almost all the 50 films she acted in Malayalam. In 1993, Anandavally dubbed for Vinaya Prasad as Sridevi in Manichitrathazhu, delivering the iconic dialogue "Entha Ammava." Anandavally was the voice of many strong women characters of the 1980s and '90s, including the much-loved character of Clara that Sumalatha played in Thoovanathumbikal.

Sumalatha
Sumalatha Ambareesh (born 27 August 1963) is an Indian actress and politician. She has acted in over 220 films across multiple languages, primarily in Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada, with a few appearances in Tamil and Hindi cinema. She received the Nandi Award for Best Actress for her role in Sruthilayalu (1987).

Sumalatha is the widow of Kannada actor-politician Ambareesh, with whom she has a son, Abhishek Ambareesh. In March 2019, she announced her candidacy for the Mandya Lok Sabha seat in Karnataka. Contesting as an independent, she won the election, defeating Nikhil Kumaraswamy by a margin of over 1.25 lakh votes.
Cassandra Kubinski
Cassandra Kubinski is an American pop artist, songwriter, and actress. She is known for her piano-driven blend of soulful, theatrically tinged music evocative of singer-songwriters like Billy Joel, Carole King, Sara Bareilles and Ingrid Michaelson. Kubinski has collaborated on song releases or performances with the Goo Goo Dolls, 10,000 Maniacs, Chris Botti, Jill Sobule, Caroline Jones, Anna Nalick and more. Her music has also been used in many TV shows, most notably 9 song placements on Lifetime's hit show Dance Moms.

Anna Nalick
Anna Christine Nalick (/ˈnælɪk/ NAL-ik; born March 30, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter.  Her debut album, Wreck of the Day, featuring her first radio hit, "Breathe (2 AM)", was released on April 19, 2005.  Nalick left her label under Sony in 2009 after a falling-out surrounding the release of her second album.  Nalick's second album, Broken Doll & Odds & Ends, was released on June 5, 2011. On October 19, 2017, Nalick released her third full-length album, At Now. Nalick's fourth album, The Blackest Crow, was released December 6, 2019.
Hinxworth
Hinxworth is a village and civil parish in North Hertfordshire, England. It sits just off the Great North Road between Baldock and Biggleswade. It has a village hall, a park, a pub, a small church, a bus stop and a post box. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 326.

North Hertfordshire
North Hertfordshire is one of ten local government districts in the county of Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in Letchworth Garden City and the largest town is Hitchin. The district also includes the towns of Baldock and Royston and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Part of the district lies within the Chiltern Hills, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are East Hertfordshire, Stevenage, Welwyn Hatfield, St Albans, Luton, Central Bedfordshire, South Cambridgeshire and Uttlesford.
University Park, Los Angeles
University Park is a 1.17 square miles (3.0 km2)
neighborhood in the South Los Angeles region of Los Angeles, California. The area includes the University of Southern California (USC), and the residential neighborhoods located immediately north of the campus: North University Park, Chester Place and St. James Park.

The area contains two historic districts that are both on the National Register of Historic Places: The North University Park Historic District and the Menlo Avenue–West Twenty-ninth Street Historic District.

North University Park, Los Angeles
North University Park is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California. Located just north of the University of Southern California, North University Park contains two historic districts that are both on the National Register of Historic Places: The North University Park Historic District and the Menlo Avenue–West Twenty-ninth Street Historic District.
Cu Y Zeolite
Cu-Y zeolites (CuY, CuFAU, copper faujasite) are copper-containing high-silica derivatives of the faujasite mineral group which in turn is a member of the zeolite family. Cu-Y zeolites are synthesized through aqueous or gaseous ionic exchange unlike the naturally occurring faujasites: faujasite-Ca, faujasite-Mg, and faujasite-Na.  The exchanged copper atom can vary in oxidation states, but the most studied Cu-Y zeolite variants include Cu(I) or Cu(II) cations.  Due to their high catalytic potential, they are utilized as desulfurization agents and in the production of nitrogen gas from nitrogen monoxide.

Zeolite
Zeolites are a group of several microporous, crystalline aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts. They mainly consist of silicon, aluminium, and oxygen, and have the general formula Mn+1/n(AlO2)−(SiO2)x･yH2O where Mn+1/n is either a metal ion or H+.

The term was originally coined in 1756 by Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who observed that rapidly heating a material, believed to have been stilbite, produced large amounts of steam from water that had been adsorbed by the material. Based on this, he called the material zeolite, from the Greek ζέω (zéō), meaning "to boil" and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone".
Catford Bridge railway station
Catford Bridge railway station is on the Mid-Kent Line, serving Hayes line trains from London to Hayes. It lies between Ladywell and Lower Sydenham stations, 7 miles 42 chains (12.1 km) from London Charing Cross and in London fare zone 3. It is adjacent to (and on a lower level than) Catford railway station (from which it is separated by the former Catford Stadium site) on the Catford loop line. The station entrance is on Catford Road, a part of the South Circular Road (A205), and has brick buildings on both platforms, though the up side building is no longer in use by the railway. The station is managed by Southeastern, who operate all trains serving it.

Hayes railway station
Hayes railway station serves the suburban area of Hayes, in the London Borough of Bromley, south east London, England. It lies 14 miles 32 chains (23.2 km) from London Charing Cross.

The main entrance is in the centre of a shopping arcade on Station Approach, with a secondary entrance from the car park on Old Station Yard.

The station is served by Southeastern services from Charing Cross and forms the suburban terminus for trains on the Mid-Kent line. To avoid confusion with Hayes & Harlington, the station is referred to as Hayes (Kent) on most timetables, although since 1965 the station itself has not been located in Kent.
Dionela
Timothy Dionela (born March 14, 1999), known professionally by his last name as Dionela (/daɪˈɔːnɛlə/), is a Filipino singer-songwriter and musician. His 2024 singles "Sining" (featuring Jay R) and "Marilag" reached number one on Billboard Philippines Hot 100.

Jay R
Gaudencio Sillona III (born February 1, 1981), professionally known as Jay R, is a Filipino and American singer and songwriter. His debut album, Gameface, was released in 2003 under Universal Records. It was certified platinum by the Philippine Association of the Record Industry (PARI) and included the single "Bakit Pa Ba".
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry (Urdu:  رفیع محمد چوہدری) FPAS HI, NI, SI, Skdt (1 July 1903 – 4 December 1988) best known as R. M. Chaudhry, was a Pakistani nuclear physicist and a professor of particle physics at the Government College University. His teaching and instructions on modern physics influenced many of his student to pursue career in physics who regard him as one of the key architects of having been the pioneer of experimental nuclear physics research in Pakistan and, along with Abdus Salam and Ishrat Hussain Usmani, one of the main creators of Pakistan's nuclear weapons research program in the 1970s. Chaudhry, who served as professor of nuclear physics at Government College University, was later referred to by Dr. Samar Mubarakmand, one of his students, as "the true father of the nuclear weapons program of Pakistan".

Samar Mubarakmand
Samar Mubarakmand (Urdu: ثمر مبارک مند; born 17 September 1942) is a Pakistani nuclear physicist, known for his research in gamma spectroscopy and the development of the Charged Particle Accelerator at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH).

As of 2025, he is leading the mineral exploration efforts in the Chiniot district, serving as the Chairman to the Punjab Mineral Company.
Malabar whistling thrush
The  Malabar whistling thrush (Myophonus horsfieldii) is a whistling thrush in the family Muscicapidae. The bird has been called whistling schoolboy for the whistling calls that they make at dawn that have a very human quality. The species is a resident in the Western Ghats and associated hills of peninsular India including central India and parts of the Eastern Ghats.

Whistling thrush
The whistling thrushes comprise a genus Myophonus of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.

They are all medium-sized mostly insectivorous or omnivorous birds. They are all brightly coloured species found in India and south-eastern Asia. The male is usually blue, and the females are either similar to the male or brown. The brighter blue patches found on the shoulders and sometimes the head, of whistling thrushes, uniquely for a passerine, reflect strongly in the ultraviolet.
South Carolina Highway 22
South Carolina Highway 22 (SC 22), also known as the Conway Bypass and Veterans Highway, is a four lane freeway that connects US 501 north of Conway, South Carolina, to US 17 in Myrtle Beach. The road was opened to traffic on May 4, 2001, six months ahead of schedule. It is slated to become part of Interstate 73 in the future. The road largely meets Interstate Highway standards, but in order to support increased Interstate traffic, its shoulders would need to be expanded to standard width.

Conway, South Carolina
Conway is a city in and the county seat of Horry County, South Carolina, United States.  The population was 24,849 at the 2020 census, up from 17,103 in the 2010 census, making it the 18th-most populous city in the state. The city is part of the Myrtle Beach Metro Area. It is the home of Coastal Carolina University.

Numerous buildings and structures located in Conway are on the National Register of Historic Places. Among these is the City Hall building, designed by Robert Mills, architect of the Washington Monument. Since the completion of the Main Street USA project in the 1980s, Conway's downtown has been revitalized with shops and bistros. Highlighting the renovation of the downtown area is the Riverwalk, an area of restaurants which follows a stretch of the Waccamaw River that winds through Conway.