hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iowa Highway 210
Iowa Highway 210 (Iowa 210) is an east–west highway in central Iowa covering 34.86 miles (56.10 km).  It begins at Iowa Highway 141 south of Woodward and ends at U.S. Highway 65 south of Collins.  The routing closely parallels and crosses the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad grade.  Passing through mostly rural farmland, Iowa 210 serves as a collector for two central Iowa freeways — Interstate 35 and Iowa 141.

Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), better known as the Milwaukee Road (reporting mark MILW), was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.

The company experienced financial difficulty through the 1970s and 1980s, including bankruptcy in 1977 (though it filed for bankruptcy twice in 1925 and 1935, respectively). In 1980, it abandoned its Pacific Extension, which included track in the states of Montana, Idaho, and Washington. The remaining system was merged into the Soo Line Railroad (reporting mark SOO), a subsidiary of Canadian Pacific Railway (reporting mark CP), on January 1, 1986. Much of its historical trackage remains in use by other railroads. The company brand is commemorated by buildings like the historic Milwaukee Road Depot in Minneapolis and preserved locomotives such as Milwaukee Road 261 which operates excursion trains.
Johnny Clegg
Jonathan Paul Clegg, OBE OIS (7 June 1953 – 16 July 2019) was a British-born South African musician, singer-songwriter, dancer, anthropologist and anti-apartheid activist.

He first performed as part of a duo - Johnny & Sipho - with Sipho Mchunu which released its first single, "Woza Friday" in 1976. The two then went on to form the band Juluka which released its debut album in 1979. In 1986, Clegg founded the band Savuka, and also recorded as a solo act, occasionally reuniting with his earlier band partners. Sometimes called Le Zoulou Blanc (French: [lə zulu blɑ̃], for "The White Zulu"), he was an important figure in South African popular music and a prominent white figure in the resistance to apartheid, becoming for a period the subject of investigation by the security branch of the South African Police. His songs mixed English with Zulu lyrics, and also combined working class African music with various forms of Western popular music.

Zulu language
Zulu (/ˈzuːluː/ ZOO-loo), or isiZulu as an endonym, is a Southern Bantu language of the Nguni branch spoken in, and indigenous to, Southern Africa with about 13.56 million native speakers, who primarily inhabit the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The word "KwaZulu-Natal" translates into English as "Home of the Zulu Nation is Natal". Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa (24% of the population), and it is understood by over 50% of its population. It became one of South Africa's 12 official languages in 1994.

According to Ethnologue, it is the second-most widely spoken of the Bantu languages, after Swahili. Like many other Bantu languages, it is written with the Latin alphabet.

In South African English, the language is often referred to in its native form, isiZulu.
Edward Knoblock
Edward Knoblock (born Edward Gustavus Knoblauch; 7 April 1874 – 19 July 1945) was a playwright and novelist, originally American and later a naturalised British citizen. He wrote numerous plays, often at the rate of two or three a year, of which the most successful were Kismet (1911) and Milestones (1912, co-written with Arnold Bennett). Many of his plays were collaborations, with, among others, Vicki Baum, Beverley Nichols, J. B. Priestley and Vita Sackville-West.

After serving in the British armed forces during the First World War, he combined his theatrical career with work on films, both in Hollywood and the UK. He lived most of his adult life in London, where he died in 1945 at the age of 71.

J. B. Priestley
John Boynton Priestley (/ˈpriːstli/; 13 September 1894 – 14 August 1984) was an English novelist, playwright, screenwriter, broadcaster and social commentator.

His Yorkshire background is reflected in much of his fiction, notably in The Good Companions (1929), which first brought him to wide public notice. Many of his plays are structured around a time slip, and he went on to develop a new theory of time, with different dimensions that link past, present and future.

In 1940, he broadcast a series of short propaganda radio talks, which were credited with strengthening civilian morale during the Battle of Britain. In the following years his left-wing beliefs brought him into conflict with the government and influenced the development of the welfare state. He wrote a number of plays during this period, including An Inspector Calls (1945).
Aeroflot Flight Sh-88
Aeroflot Flight Sh-88 was a scheduled domestic flight from Leninabad (now Khujand) to Dushanbe that crashed on 12 June 1980 near Dushanbe, resulting in the deaths of all 29 people on board, due to crew errors and air traffic control failures.

Khujand
Khujand, sometimes spelled Khodjent and formerly known as Leninabad from 1936 to 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of Tajikistan's northernmost Sughd province.

Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years to the Persian Empire. Situated on the Syr Darya river at the mouth of the Fergana Valley, Khujand was a major city along the ancient Silk Road. After being captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, it was renamed Alexandria Eschate and has since been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian empire (19th century). Today, the majority of its population are ethnic Tajiks and the city is close to the present borders of both Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
Configuration (polytope)
In geometry, H. S. M. Coxeter called a regular polytope a special kind of configuration.

Other configurations in geometry are something different. These polytope configurations may be more accurately called incidence matrices, where like elements are collected together in rows and columns. Regular polytopes will have one row and column per k-face element, while other polytopes will have one row and column for each k-face type by their symmetry classes. A polytope with no symmetry will have one row and column for every element, and the matrix will be filled with 0 if the elements are not connected, and 1 if they are connected. Elements of the same k will not be connected and will have a "*" table entry.

Every polytope, and abstract polytope has a Hasse diagram expressing these connectivities, which can be systematically described with an incidence matrix.

Incidence matrix
In mathematics, an incidence matrix is a logical matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects, usually called an incidence relation. If the first class is X and the second is Y, the matrix has one row for each element of X and one column for each mapping from X to Y. The entry in row x and column y is 1 if the vertex x is part of (called incident in this context) the mapping that corresponds to y, and 0 if it is not. There are variations; see below.
Tadubi Assembly constituency
Tadubi Assembly constituency is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Manipur state in India.

It is part of Senapati district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

Senapati district
Senapati district (Meitei pronunciation: /se.na.pə.ti/) is one of the 16 districts of the Indian state of Manipur. The present Senapati district was formed in December 2016, after spawning off the Sadar Hills region in the south into a separate Kangpokpi district. The district headquarter is located in the town of Senapati, also known as Tahamzam.
Chandra Chakori
Chandra Chakori  (transl. A patridge enamored by the moon) is a 2003 Indian Kannada-language romance drama film directed by S. Narayan and produced by H. D. Kumaraswamy and Anitha Kumaraswamy under Chennambika Films. The film stars debutants Sriimurali, Priya S Chhabria, Naaz and Srinagara Kitty in the lead roles, while Sundar Raj, Doddanna and Ashok appear in supporting roles.

S. Narayan
S. Narayan (born 5 June 1962) is an Indian filmmaker, actor and lyricist of Kannada films. After Singeetam Srinivasa Rao, Narayan is the second director to direct Dr. Rajkumar and all his three sons. He has given many hits with Dr. Vishnuvardhan, some of which were remake films.
Fulcrum grip
The Fulcrum grip is a four-mallet grip for vibraphone and marimba developed by vibraphonist and educator Ed Saindon. The aim of the grip is to use varying fulcrum positions and finger technique to achieve the control, speed, and power of a two-mallet grip while being able to use all four mallets.

Fulcrum (drumming)
Fulcrum is a drumming term. Traditionally, the fulcrum refers to the part of a percussionist's grip that is the main lever for the drum stick to rotate. This is usually created by the thumb and index finger, the thumb and middle finger, or a combination of the thumb, index, and middle fingers.
2013 articles about the Department of Justice investigations of reporters
In 2013, the United States Department of Justice, under Attorney General Eric Holder, came under scrutiny from the media and some members of Congress for subpoenaing phone records from the Associated Press (AP). Under similar justifications, a 2010 subpoena approved by Eric Holder implicated Fox News reporter, James Rosen, as a possible co-conspirator under the Espionage Act of 1917. Investigators gained access to the times of his phone calls, and two days of Rosen's emails. Stephen Jin-Woo Kim eventually pleaded guilty to violating the Espionage Act for communicating North Korean nuclear test plans to Rosen. These investigations provoked considerable criticism from major news organizations, and precipitated the revision of media guidelines at the Department of Justice.

Subpoena
A subpoena (/səˈpiː.nə/; also subpena, subpœna) or witness summons is a writ issued by a government agency, most often a court, to compel testimony by a witness or production of evidence under a penalty for failure. There are two common types of subpoenas:

subpoena ad testificandum orders a person to testify before the ordering authority or face punishment. The subpoena can also request that the testimony be given by phone or in person.

subpoena duces tecum orders a person or organization to bring physical evidence before the ordering authority or face punishment. This is often used for requests to mail copies of documents to a requesting party or directly to a court.
Sports in São Vicente, Cape Verde
The island of São Vicente in Cape Verde in the westcentral portion of the Barlavento Islands is home to several teams and clubs.  The major professional clubs are CS Mindelense, FC Derby, Académica do Mindelo, Batuque FC and Amarante.  The island also has a league named the São Vicente Island League, it is the oldest in Cape Verde, first it only had football, later it had basketball, volleyball, athletics and now futsal.

The island was the first place in Cape Verde that sports were introduced.

FC Derby
Futebol Clube Derby (short form: FC Derby, second name: Derby São Vicente) is a football club that had played in the Premier division and the São Vicente Island League in Cape Verde and is Cape Verde's only affiliate of FC Porto and the oldest affiliate in the whole of Africa. It is based in the city of Mindelo on the island of São Vicente.  It is the second team of the regional league who won the most titles after independence especially in the 1960s and the 1970s. Its current president is Carlos Alberto Lopes and its coach is Yoya who became in May 2017. The club name is the Dragons or Dragões, the same as Porto's slogan. Since 30 April 2017, they are one of three unrelegated clubs in the island along with Batuque and Mindelense.

Derby is one of the most successful football (soccer) club in Cape Verde, having won about 22 official titles, 3 are national titles and 19 are regional titles.
Yekaterina Gamova
Yekaterina Aleksandrovna Gamova (Russian: Екатерина Александровна Гамова; born 17 October 1980) is a Russian retired volleyball player. She was a member of the Russian national team that won the gold medals at the 2006 and 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championships, and the silver medal in both the Athens 2004 and Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Due to her stature and dominance at the net, she has been hailed as the "Queen of Volleyball". She is 2.02 m (6 ft 8 in) tall with EU size 49 feet, making her one of the tallest female athletes in the world. She is also the second highest paid female player in professional volleyball history. Her role was outside hitter/opposite.

Russia women's national volleyball team
The Russia women's national volleyball team is governed by the Russian Volleyball Federation and participated in international volleyball competitions. They played from 1949 to 1991 as the Soviet Union and as the CIS in 1992.

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Volleyball Federation suspended all Russian national teams, clubs, and officials, as well as beach and snow volleyball athletes, from all events. The European Volleyball Confederation (CEV) also banned all Russian national teams, clubs, and officials from participating in European competition, and suspended all members of Russia from their respective functions in CEV organs.
Qakare Ini
Qakare Ini (also Intef) was an ancient Egyptian or Nubian ruler who most likely reigned at the end of the 11th and beginning of the 12th Dynasty over Lower Nubia. Although he is the best attested Nubian ruler of this time period, nothing is known of his activities.

Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
The 11th Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XI; c. 2150 BC – c. 1991 BC) is a well-attested group of rulers. Its earlier members before King Mentuhotep II are grouped with the four preceding dynasties to form the First Intermediate Period, whereas the later members are considered part of the Middle Kingdom. They all ruled from Thebes in Upper Egypt.
Dataganj Assembly constituency
Dataganj  Assembly constituency is  one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly,  India. It is a part of the Badaun district and one  of the five assembly constituencies in the Aonla Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 117.

Budaun district
Budaun district (Hindi pronunciation: [bəd̪aːjũː]; or Buaaun) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, with its headquarters in the town of Badaun. The district is part of the Bareilly division, and covers an area of 4,234 km2 (1,635 sq mi). According to legend, Budaun was named after the Ahir prince Budh.
Tehran Stock Exchange
The Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE; Persian: بورس اوراق بهادار تهران, romanized: Burs-e Owraq-e Bahadar-e Tehran) is Iran's largest stock exchange, which first opened in 1967. The TSE is based in Tehran. TSE, which is a founding member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges, has been one of the world's best performing stock exchanges in the years 2002 through 2013. TSE is an emerging or "frontier" market.

Iran's capital market has companies from a wide range of industries, including automotive, telecommunications, agriculture, petrochemical, mining, steel iron, copper, banking and insurance, banking and others. Many of the companies listed are state-owned firms that have been privatized.

In December 2025 study published by Isfahan University Journal of Sociology argued the exchange had gone financially bankrupt with rampant mafia takeover, organizational corruption , with the exchange having turned into an anomie market with insider trading.

National Petrochemical Company
The National Petrochemical Company (NPC) (Persian: شرکت ملی صنایع پتروشیمی, Sherkat-e Melli-ye Sanāye'-e Petroshimi), a subsidiary to the Iranian Petroleum Ministry, is owned by the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is responsible for the development and operation of the country's petrochemical sector. Founded in 1964, NPC began its activities by operating a small fertilizer plant in Shiraz.

Two special economic zones on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf have been developed to be home to the NPC's new project. These two zones enjoy a good access to feedstock, infrastructural facilities, local and international markets and skilled manpower. Despite pressure being exerted on the Islamic Republic over its nuclear program, Tehran expects to see a surge in petrochemical exports from $5.5 billion in 2007 to a total of nearly $9 billion in 2008. The Fourth Five-Year Plan (2005–10) calls for a fourfold expansion of petrochemical output, to 56 million tons per year.
Our Lady of Seven Sorrows Church, Dolgellau
Our Lady of Sorrows Church or its full name Our Lady of Seven Sorrows Church is a Roman Catholic parish church in Dolgellau, Gwynedd. It was built in 1966 and is a Grade II listed building. It is situated on Meyrick Street close to the centre of town. It is administered in the Dolgellau Deanery of the Diocese of Wrexham.

Dolgellau
Dolgellau (/dɒlˈɡɛhlaɪ/; Welsh: [dɔlˈɡɛɬaɨ] ⓘ) is a town and community in Gwynedd, north-west Wales, lying on the River Wnion, a tributary of the River Mawddach. It was the traditional county town of the historic county of Merionethshire until the county of Gwynedd was created in 1974. Dolgellau is the main base for climbers of Cadair Idris and Mynydd Moel which are visible from the town. Dolgellau is the second largest settlement in southern Gwynedd after Tywyn and includes the community of Penmaenpool. in 2021 the population dropped to 2,602.
Wati-kutjara
In Western Australian Aboriginal mythology, the Wati kutjara (also Wati kutjarra or Wadi Gudjara) are two young lizard-men (totem: goanna) who, in the Dreaming, travelled all over the Western Desert. In English, their songline is often called the Two Men Dreaming. The Wati kutjara are ubiquitous in the mythology of the Western Desert; Their journey extends for thousands of kilometres, stretching from the Kimberley to South Australia.

Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology
Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology is the sacred spirituality represented in the stories performed by Aboriginal Australians within each of the language groups across Australia in their ceremonies. Aboriginal spirituality includes the Dreamtime (the Dreaming), songlines, and Aboriginal oral literature.

Aboriginal spirituality often conveys descriptions of each group's local cultural landscape, adding meaning to the whole country's topography from oral history told by ancestors from some of the earliest recorded history. Most of these spiritualities belong to specific groups, but some span the whole continent in one form or another.
PLOS Computational Biology
PLOS Computational Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering  computational biology. It was established in 2005 by the Public Library of Science in association with the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in the same format as the previously established PLOS Biology and PLOS Medicine. The founding editor-in-chief was Philip Bourne and the current ones are Feilim Mac Gabhann and Virginia E. Pitzer.

PLOS
PLOS (for Public Library of Science; PLoS until 2012) is a nonprofit publisher of open-access journals in science, technology, and medicine and other scientific literature, under an open-content license. It was founded in 2000 and launched its first journal, PLOS Biology, in October 2003.

As of 2024, PLOS publishes 14 academic journals, including 7 journals indexed within the Science Citation Index Expanded, and consequently 7 journals ranked with an impact factor.

PLOS journals are included in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). PLOS is also a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), a participating publisher and supporter of the Initiative for Open Citations, and a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Armidale Teachers' College
The Armidale Teachers' College is a heritage-listed former tertiary college at 122–132 Mossman Street, Armidale in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by the New South Wales Government Architect and built from 1928 to 1931 by the NSW Public Works Department. The property is owned by the Government of New South Wales, and currently managed by NSW Crown Lands pending a permanent manager. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 8 November 2006.

New South Wales Government Architect
The New South Wales Government Architect, an appointed officer of the Government of New South Wales, serves as the General Manager of the Government Architect's Office (GAO), a multi-disciplinary consultancy operating on commercial principles providing architecture, design, and engineering services, that is an agency of the government within NSW Public Works.

Historically, the government architect was in charge of the government's public building projects across the state of New South Wales, Australia. Since the 1990s, when the consultancy service began operating on commercial principles, the Government Architect has reported separately in a second capacity, as an advisor to the government, and serves on various committees and boards in relation to heritage protection, architecture, and design.

The first officer in the role, then styled Colonial Architect, was Francis Greenway, appointed in 1816.
Medjerda River
The Medjerda River (Arabic: وادي مجردة), the classical Bagradas, is a river in North Africa flowing from northeast Algeria through Tunisia before emptying into the Gulf of Tunis and Lake of Tunis. With a length of 450 km (280 mi), it is the longest river of Tunisia. It is also known as the Wadi Majardah or Mejerda (French: Oued Majardah).

Gulf of Tunis
The Gulf of Tunis (Tunisian Arabic: خليج تونس) is a large Mediterranean bay in north-eastern Tunisia, extending for 39 miles (63 km) from Cape Farina in the west to Cape Bon in the east. Tunis, the capital city of Tunisia, lies at the south-western edge of the Gulf, as have a series of settled places over the last three millennia. Djebel Ressas rises to 795 metres (2,608 ft) around 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the southern edge of the Gulf.

The central part of the gulf, corresponding to the city of Tunis, is favorable to the implementation of a commercial port due to its location of being a well protected area. The famous city of Carthage was built on the gulf shores.
Internal auditory meatus
The internal auditory meatus (also meatus acusticus internus, internal acoustic meatus, internal auditory canal, or internal acoustic canal) is a canal within the petrous part of the temporal bone of the skull between the posterior cranial fossa and the inner ear.

Posterior cranial fossa
The posterior cranial fossa is the part of the cranial cavity located between the foramen magnum, and tentorium cerebelli. It is formed by the  sphenoid bones, temporal bones, and occipital bone. It lodges the cerebellum, and parts of the brainstem.
Women's United States Open (squash) 2013
The Women's United States Squash Open 2013 is the women's edition of the 2013 United States Open (squash), which is a WSA World Series event Platinum (prize money: $115 000). The event took place at the Daskalakis Athletic Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States from the 13th of October to the 18 October. Nicol David won her second US Open trophy, beating Laura Massaro in the final.

2013 WSA World Series
The WSA World Series 2013 is a series of women's squash tournaments which are part of the Women's Squash Association (WSA) World Tour for the 2013 squash season. The WSA World Series tournaments are some of the most prestigious events on the women's tour. Nicol David won the 2013 WSA World Series followed by Laura Massaro and Raneem El Weleily.