hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
KNWZ
KNWZ (970 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Coachella, California. It simulcasts a news/talk format with sister stations 1140 KNWQ and 1250 KNWH.  It is owned by Connoisseur Media.  The studios are on North Gene Autry Trail (California State Route 111) in Palm Springs.

By day, KNWZ is powered at 5,000 watts. To avoid interference to other stations on 970 AM, KNWZ must reduce power at night to 360 watts.  It uses a directional antenna with a three-tower array. Programming is also heard on several FM translators in the Coachella Valley.

Connoisseur Media
Connoisseur Media LLC is an American media company. It is based in Westport, Connecticut and led by Jeff Warshaw. As of September 2025, Connoisseur operates 207 radio stations and digital assets in 24 states.
Aelurillus galinae
Aelurillus galinae is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Aelurillus that is endemic to the United Arab Emirates.  It was first described in 2010 by Wanda Wesołowska and Antonius van Harten. The species is small with a forward section, or cephalothorax, that is between 1.5 and 1.8 mm (0.059 and 0.071 in) long and, behind that, an abdomen that is between 1.4 and 2.2 mm (0.055 and 0.087 in) long. The female is larger than the male. The female has a spherical abdomen that has a grey and fawn pattern. The male abdomen has a wide brown stripe across the middle and is otherwise yellow. The carapace, the upper section of the cephalothorax, of both similar. The species is distinguished from others in the genus by the way that the front set of eyes extend beyond the front of the carapace and the way that the appendage on the male palpal bulb, part of the spider's copulatory organs have blended.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
RG Snyman
Rudolph Gerhardus Snyman (born 29 January 1995) is a South African rugby union player who plays as a lock for Irish United Rugby Championship club Leinster and the South Africa national team. Snyman was part of the South Africa team that won the Rugby World Cup in 2019 and 2023, and is widely known as 'The Viking' among fans and teammates in reference to his appearance.

Jean Kleyn
Jean Kleyn (born 26 August 1993) is a South African professional rugby union player who plays as a lock for Irish United Rugby Championship club Munster and the South Africa national team. He came on as a replacement during South Africa’s 2023 World Cup win vs New Zealand.

Kleyn played five times for Ireland in 2019, having qualified by residency. He subsequently changed his national affiliation and made his debut for  South Africa in 2023.
La Calotte
La Calotte is a French illustrated satirical anticlerical weekly publication, which appeared in France from 1906 to 1912. Afterwards the title was resumed from 1930 to the present day, with a change of name under the German occupation of France.

Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historically, anti-clericalism in Christian traditions has been opposed to the influence of Catholicism.

Some have opposed clergy on the basis of moral corruption, institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation. Anti-clericalism became extremely violent during the French Revolution, because revolutionaries claimed the church played a pivotal role in the systems of oppression which led to it. Many clerics were killed, and French revolutionary governments tried to put priests under the control of the state by making them employees.

Anti-clericalism appeared in Catholic Europe throughout the 19th century, in various forms, and later in Canada, Cuba, and Latin America.
Kateryna Kyrylenko
Kateryna Mykhailivna Kyrylenko (née Martyniuk; Ukrainian: Катерина Михайлівна Кириленко; born 1971) is a Ukrainian teacher of philosophy, professor of philosophy at Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts (since 2014), and the spouse of Ukrainian minister and politician Vyacheslav Kyrylenko. She became famous after getting her Doctor of Sciences degree in pedagogy in November, 2015 and opposition of Ukrainian scientific community to it.

Doctor of Sciences
A Doctor of Sciences is a higher doctoral degree that was awarded in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and many Commonwealth of Independent States countries. It is currently awarded in some post-soviet nations, particularly Russia and Belarus. One of the prerequisites for receiving a Doctor of Sciences degree is obtaining a PhD-equivalent Candidate of Sciences degree. In addition, the Doctor of Sciences conferral also requires applicants to demonstrate significant and outstanding contributions to their research field. This degree is generally regarded as recognition for a lifetime of academic achievements rather than an ordinary academic degree achieved through courses and theses.
Marx (surname)
The surname Marx is a Germanic surname, believed to originate with Mark the Evangelist and the Roman praenomen Marcus, the latter deriving from the god Mars. The similarly-spelled Marks may share etymology with march (territory), especially near Wales, but most British Marxes have Jewish roots, typically in the Rhineland or former Pale of Settlement.  Famously, Karl Marx's father, born Herschel HaLevi Mordechai in Saarlouis, assimilated in 1817 or 1818 to Heinrich Marx because Prussia banned Jews from public service; as Karl Marx's grandfather was also known as Levy Marx and his great-great-grandfather as Mordechai Marx, the name was already current in the family. Amateur genealogist Colin Shelley suggests that the name Marx' prevalence there may have arisen as a macaronic acronym for māšīaḥ rex.

Heinrich Marx
Heinrich Marx (born Herschel HaLevi, Yiddish: הירשל הלוי; 15 April 1777 – 10 May 1838) was a German lawyer who was the father of the communist philosopher Karl Marx, as well as seven other children, including Louise Juta.
Logan Stieber
Logan Stieber (born January 24, 1991) is an American former freestyle and folkstyle wrestler, who competed internationally at 61 and 65 kilograms. In the Olympic year of 2016, he won the non-Olympic weight World Championship at 61 kg, and in 2018, he won a Pan American title.

In folkstyle, Stieber is one of the most accomplished collegiate wrestlers in the history of the NCAA, having won four NCAA Division I national championships, four Big Ten Conference championships, and the Dan Hodge Trophy for the Ohio State Buckeyes during his career.

In 2024, Stieber was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member.

National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
The National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum is a museum and hall of fame for amateur wrestling, headquartered in Stillwater, Oklahoma. In 2010, it began operating the Dan Gable Museum in Waterloo, Iowa.
Sal Cuevas
Salvador "Sal" Cuevas (June 16, 1955 – April 9, 2017) was an American salsa bassist known for his association with the Fania All-Stars from 1978 to 1985.

Although he played the upright bass, he was one of the most popular electric bassists in the New York salsa scene, often playing in a funk style. "He was the first to bring the slaps and funk style that he learned from R&B, Funk, and Jazz music, into Salsa music." According to Billy Idol, Sal Cuevas came up with the bass for “Eyes Without a Face” when Billy was looking for a sound that was powerful enough to compliment the dark unromantic lyrics.

Willie Colón
William Anthony Colón Román (April 28, 1950 – February 21, 2026) was an American salsa musician and social activist. He began his career as a trombonist but also sang, wrote, produced and acted. Colón was a pioneer of salsa music and a best-selling artist in the genre, having been a key figure in the beginnings of the New York City scene associated with Fania Records. He was also noteworthy for having assumed the gangster image in his album covers before it was culturally popular. From the 1980s on, he was at times deeply involved in the politics of New York City. His hit songs include "Pedro Navaja", "Aguanilé", "Tiburón", and "El gran varón".
Michel Patrick Boisvert
Michel Patrick Boisvert (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl patʁik bwavɛʁ]) is a Haitian civil servant and politician who served as the interim Prime Minister of Haiti from 25 February to 3 June 2024. The Transitional Presidential Council, inaugurated on 25 April, has the power to replace him, and did so on 3 June 2024 after it appointed Garry Conille as Prime Minister. Boisvert has served as Minister of Economy and Finance since 2020, initially in the cabinets of Joseph Jouthe, Claude Joseph, and Ariel Henry. Boisvert previously served as director-general of the Ministry of Economy and Finance from 2018 to 2020. Amid the February–March 2024 escalation of the Haitian crisis, Boisvert has served as acting prime minister, overseeing the operations of Henry's government during his absence from the country. Following Henry's resignation on 24 April 2024, Boisvert continued to serve as acting prime minister of Haiti.

Ministry of Economy and Finance (Haiti)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (French: Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances, MEF) is a ministry of the Government of Haiti. This ministry is responsible for Economy and Finance
along with providing support to the Prime Minister.
Frederick Douglass Houses
The Frederick Douglass Houses are a public housing project located in the New York City borough of Manhattan, in the Manhattan Valley neighborhood of Upper West Side, named for abolitionist and civil rights pioneer Frederick Douglass. The actual buildings are located between 100th Street and 104th Street, to the east of Amsterdam Avenue and the west of Manhattan Avenue. The complex is owned and operated by the New York City Housing Authority.

Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)
Tenth Avenue, known as Amsterdam Avenue between 59th Street and 193rd Street, is a north-south thoroughfare on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City. It carries uptown (northbound) traffic as far as West 110th Street (also known as Cathedral Parkway), after which it continues as a two-way street.
Tula Governorate
Tula Governorate (Russian: Тульская губерния, romanized: Tul'skaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. The governate existed from 1796 to 1929; its seat was in the city of Tula. It was divided into 12 districts. The main towns were Alexin, Bogoroditsk, Byelev, Chern, Epifan, Efremov, Kashira, Krapivna, Novosil, Odoyev, Tula, and Venev.

Belyov
Belyov (Russian: Белёв) is a town and the administrative center of Belyovsky District in Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Oka River. Population: 13,180 (2018); 13,918 (2010 Census).
Leverage (statistics)
In statistics and in particular in regression analysis, leverage is a measure of how far away the independent variable values of an observation are from those of the other observations. High-leverage points, if any, are outliers with respect to the independent variables. That is, high-leverage points have no neighboring points in  space, where  is the number of independent variables in a regression model. This makes the fitted model likely to pass close to a high leverage observation. Hence high-leverage points have the potential to cause large changes in the parameter estimates when they are deleted i.e., to be influential points. Although an influential point will typically have high leverage, a high leverage point is not necessarily an influential point. The leverage is typically defined as the diagonal elements of the hat matrix.

Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on (or is hypothesized to depend on) an independent variable. Dependent variables are the outcome of the  test they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on. Independent variables, on the other hand, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. Rather, they are controlled by the experimenter.
Giovanni Acanfora
Giovanni Acanfora (Castellammare di Stabia, 7 April 1884 – 8 March 1976) was an Italian banker and civil servant, who served as Minister of Exchanges and Currencies of the Kingdom of Italy of the Badoglio I Cabinet, the first after the fall of the Fascist regime, and as Director-General of the Bank of Italy.

Fall of the fascist regime in Italy
The fall of the fascist regime in Italy, also known in Italy as 25 Luglio (Italian: Venticinque Luglio, pronounced [ˌventiˈtʃiŋkwe ˈluʎʎo]; lit. '25 July'), came as a result of parallel plots led respectively by Dino Grandi and King Victor Emmanuel III during the spring and summer of 1943, culminating with a successful vote of no confidence against Prime Minister Benito Mussolini at the meeting of the Grand Council of Fascism on 24–25 July 1943. The vote, although significant, had no de jure value, since by law in the Italian constitutional monarchy the prime minister was responsible for his actions only to the king, who was the only one who could dismiss him. Nevertheless, as a result, a new government was established, putting an end to the almost 21 years of Fascist rule in the Kingdom of Italy, and Mussolini was placed under arrest.
Thomas Nunneley
Thomas Nunneley  (1809 - 1 June 1870), was a British surgeon who at first focussed on eye and ear surgery, and built a large private practice in this field. He wrote several essays and books including on topics of erysipelas, eye surgery and on the effects of anaesthesia and hydrocyanic acid.

After studying in Paris he settled in Leeds, where he became attached to the Eye and Ear Infirmary and the Leeds School of Medicine, where he taught surgery and anatomy. In 1864 he became surgeon to the Leeds Infirmary. He opposed Joseph Lister's antisepsis and did not believe in the germ-theory of wound infections. He served as a witness in civil and criminal cases, including being first witness in the trial of William Palmer.

William Palmer (murderer)
William Palmer (6 August 1824 – 14 June 1856), also known as the Rugeley Poisoner or the Prince of Poisoners, was an English doctor and murderer. Palmer was convicted for the 1855 murder of his friend John Cook, whom he had poisoned with strychnine. He was also suspected of poisoning several other people including his brother and his mother-in-law, as well as four of his children. Palmer made large sums of money from the deaths of his wife and brother after collecting on life insurance, and by defrauding his wealthy mother.

Palmer was hanged in public the year following his conviction. Charles Dickens called Palmer "the greatest villain that ever stood in the Old Bailey".
Jamuna Sharan Singh
Jamuna Sharan Singh (born 1941) is an Indian ecologist, academic and a former professor of botany and ecological sciences at Banaras Hindu University. He is known for his studies on the grassland ecosystems which are reported to have assisted in the better management of tropical grasslands. He is an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences, The World Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1980, for his contributions to biological sciences.

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a terrestrial biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is dominated by grass and/or shrubs located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes. Tropical grasslands are mainly found between 5 degrees and 20 degrees in both North and south of the Equator.
Guasave
Guasave (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwaˈsaβe]) is a city and the seat of the homonymous municipality known as the Agricultural Heart of Mexico (El Corazon Agricola de Mexico) in the Mexican state of Sinaloa. It is located in the northwestern part of Mexico, 62km (38 miles) southeast of the city of Los Mochis and 150km (93 miles) northeast the state capital Culiacán. It stands at 25°34′04.5″N 108°28′10.8″W﻿ / ﻿25.567917°N 108.469667°W﻿ / 25.567917; -108.469667.

In the 2010 census, the city reported a population of 71,196, making it the fourth-largest community in the state, after Culiacán, Mazatlán, and Los Mochis. The municipality has a land area of 3,464.41 km2 (1,337.62 sq mi) and includes many other outlying communities, the largest of which are Juan José Ríos, Gabriel Leyva Solano, Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, El Burrion and Bamoa.

Culiacán
Culiacán, officially Culiacán Rosales, is the capital and largest city of Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico.  It is located within the Culiacán Municipality. The city was founded on 29 September 1531 by the Spanish conquistadors Lázaro de Cebreros and Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán originally under the name "Villa de San Miguel", in honor of its patron saint Michael the Archangel.

According to the 2020 INEGI census, Culiacán had an estimated population of 808,416, making it the 21st most populous city in Mexico. Its metropolitan area, with a population of 1,003,530, was the 17th most populous metropolitan area in Mexico.

The city sits in a valley on the slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental, at the confluence of the Tamazula and Humaya Rivers, where both join to form the Culiacán River 55 meters above sea level.
Attacks on Kure and the Seto Inland Sea
The attacks on Kure and the Inland Sea were a series of large-scale air raids by United States and British naval aircraft in late July 1945 that sank most of the surviving large warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). The United States Third Fleet's attacks on Kure Naval Arsenal and nearby ports on 24, 25, and 28 July sank an aircraft carrier, three battleships, five cruisers, and several smaller warships. During the same period the British Pacific Fleet attacked other targets in the Inland Sea region and sank two escort ships and several smaller vessels as well as damaging an escort carrier.

Type D escort ship
The Type D escort ships (丁型海防艦, Tei-gata kaibōkan) were a class of escort ships in the service of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.  The Japanese called them "Type D" coast defence ships, and they were the sixth class of Kaibōkan (Kai = sea, ocean, Bo = defence, Kan = ship), a name used to denote a multi-purpose vessel. 143 ships were ordered under the 1943–44 Programme, and a further 57 units were planned (but never ordered) under the 1944–45 Programme, for an overall total of 200 ships. However, only 67 were completed, with the remainder being cancelled.
Neoboletus luridiformis
Neoboletus luridiformis, also previously known as Boletus luridiformis and (invalidly) as Boletus erythropus, is a fungus of the bolete family, most of which produce mushrooms with tubes and pores beneath their caps. It is commonly known as the scarletina bolete, for its red pores, which are yellow when young. Other common names include the red foot bolete, dotted stemmed bolete, or dotted stem bolete.

It is found in Northern Europe and North America. While edible when cooked properly, it can cause vomiting and diarrhea if not.

Rubroboletus dupainii
Rubroboletus dupainii, commonly known as Dupain's bolete, is a bolete fungus of the genus Rubroboletus. It is native to Europe, where it is threatened, and red listed in six countries. It also occurs in North America, although it is rare there. It was first recorded from North Carolina, and then from Iowa in 2009. It was reported from Belize in 2007, growing under Quercus peduncularis - a species of oak tree.

The bolete was first described scientifically by French mycologist Jean Louis Émile Boudier in 1902. It was transferred to the new genus Rubroboletus in 2014 along with several other allied reddish colored, blue-staining bolete species. Phylogenetically, R. dupainii is the sister species of Rubroboletus lupinus.
Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Midi
The Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Midi (kana: 三菱ふそう・エアロミディ) is a step-entrance, low entry and low floor midibus produced by the Japanese manufacturer  Mitsubishi Fuso. It is primarily available as public buses and sightseeing buses ranged from lengths of 7.0m to 10.1m. The range can be built as either a complete bus or a bus chassis.

The Mitsubishi Fuso MK Series was built between 1974 and 1988. The Aero Midi appeared in 1988 after the replacement for the MK Series. The Aero Midi ceased production in 2007 and replaced by the Aero Midi-S in 2008. After the Aero Midi-S ceased production in 2010, production of the Aero Midi city bus recommenced in the following year. The Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Midi is the low entry and smaller version of the low floor Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star city bus.

High-floor
High-floor describes the interior flooring of commuter vehicles primarily used in public transport such as trains, light rail cars and other rail vehicles, along with buses and trolleybuses. Interior floor height is generally measured above the street surface or above the top of the rail. High-floor designs usually result from packaging requirements: mechanical items such as axles, motors, crankshafts, and/or transmissions, or luggage storage spaces are traditionally placed under the interior floor of these vehicles. The term is used in contrast with low-floor designs, which offer a decreased floor and entry height above the street surface. Since low-floor designs generally were developed after high-floor vehicles, the older high-floor design is sometimes also known as conventional or the “traditional” design.
Cordwood construction
Cordwood construction (also called cordwood masonry or cordwood building, alternatively stackwall or stovewood particularly in Canada) is a term used for a natural building method in which short logs are piled crosswise to build a wall, using mortar or cob to permanently secure them. This technique can be made to use a wide variety of locally available materials at minimal financial cost, and is a classic example of trading a higher raw labor requirement for technical ease and cost-efficiency of building (a common feature in back-to-the-land alternative/traditional building methods).

Cob (material)
Cob, cobb, or clom (in Wales) is a natural building material made from subsoil, water, fibrous organic material (typically straw), and sometimes lime. The contents of subsoil vary, and if it does not contain the right mixture, it can be modified with sand or clay. Cob is fireproof, termite proof, resistant to seismic activity, and uses low-cost materials, although it is very labour intensive. It can be used to create artistic and sculptural forms, and its use has been revived in recent years by the natural building and sustainability movements.

In technical building and engineering documents, such as the Uniform Building Code of the western United States, cob may be referred to as "unburned clay masonry," when used in a structural context. It may also be referred to as "aggregate" in non-structural contexts, such as "clay and sand aggregate," or more simply "organic aggregate," such as where cob is a filler between post and beam construction.