hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lidder Valley
The Lidder Valley or Liddar Valley is a Himalayan sub-valley of the Kashmir Valley, located in the Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The Lidder River flows down the valley. The entrance to the valley lies 7 km northeast from Anantnag town and 62 km southeast from Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 40-km-long gorge valley with an average width of 3 km.

Kashmir Valley
The Kashmir Valley, also known as the Vale of Kashmir, is an intermontane valley in the northern part of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The valley is surrounded by the ranges of the Himalayas, bounded on the southwest by the Pir Panjal Range and on the northeast by the Greater Himalayan Range. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) long and 32 km (20 mi) wide, and drained by the Jhelum River. It falls entirely within the Kashmir Division of Jammu and Kashmir.
Vejjavatapada
Vejjavatapada, the Buddhist medical doctor's oath, is an oath to be taken by Buddhist doctors and other professionals working with the sick.

Composed by Shravasti Dhammika using text from the Pāḷi Canon, it serves as an ethical commitment similar to that of the Hippocratic Oath, the Japanese Seventeen Rules of Enjuin and the Jewish Oath of Asaph. The original oath is in Pāḷi, a Middle Indo-Aryan language current in north-east India during the first half of the first millennium BCE, and now the liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism. The oath consists of a preamble followed by seven articles, each of them derived from four passages from the Pāḷi Canon.

Hippocratic Oath
The Hippocratic Oath is an oath of ethics historically taken by physicians. It is one of the most widely known of Greek medical texts. In its original form, it requires a new physician to swear, by a number of healing gods, to uphold specific ethical standards. The oath is the earliest expression of medical ethics in the Western world, establishing several principles of medical ethics which remain of paramount significance today. These include the principles of medical confidentiality and non-maleficence. As the foundational expression of certain principles that continue to guide and inform medical practice, the ancient text is of more than historic and symbolic value. It is enshrined in the legal statutes of various jurisdictions, such that violations of the oath may carry criminal or other liability beyond the oath's symbolic nature.
Ribes canthariforme
Ribes canthariforme is a rare species of currant commonly known as the Moreno currant. It is characterized by pink to red flowers, a dense inflorescence, and a lack of nodal spines. A little-known endemic to the mountains of San Diego County, it is usually found growing the shade of massive boulders in the chaparral. Although the rarity and small numbers of this plant is a conservation concern, it is usually found in remote areas and is well hidden enough to be safe from most threats.

Chaparral
Chaparral (/ˌʃæpəˈræl, ˌtʃæp-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California, part of the California floristic province. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern-facing slopes.

Three other closely related chaparral shrubland systems occur in southern Arizona, western Texas, and along the eastern side of central Mexico's mountain chains, all having summer rains in contrast to the Mediterranean climate of other chaparral formations.
Ronchamp coal mines central workshops and offices
The Ronchamp coal mines central workshops and offices served as the administrative and operational center of the mining company in eastern France from the mid-19th century until the closure of the mines in 1958. The site was subsequently converted into an automotive subcontracting facility with the establishment of the company MagLum, which went bankrupt in 1980. Industrial activity continued under the company Somero, before the property was acquired by Gestamp in 2005 and abandoned in 2008.

The site is located south of the hamlet of La Houillère, between the director’s residence and the Saint-Charles shaft. It is connected to the coal mines’ railway network, with a station situated opposite the premises on the other side of the road.  In the early 21st century, the premises were used occasionally for exhibitions and recreational shooting activities. The former office building was later severely damaged by a fire and was demolished at the end of 2021.

Ronchamp coal mine railway
The Ronchamp coal mine railway is a former industrial rail track serving the Ronchamp coal mines. It is located in the French department of Haute-Saône and the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The link between the mines' local rail network and the line from Paris-Est to Mulhouse-Ville runs near the Ronchamp station via a particular station connected to the main line.

The station operated from the mid-19th century until 1958, when the mines closed. Following the closure, the station was dismantled. By the early 21st century, the site of the station had become overgrown, with only a few remnants of the installations and network remaining.
Line 10 (Guangzhou Metro)
Line 10 of the Guangzhou Metro is a 17.2 km (10.7 mi) rapid transit rail line in operation in Guangzhou. Line 10 connects Tianhe with Liwan via Haizhu. Line 10 mainly runs parallel in-between Line 2 and Line 3 in Haizhu.

Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)
Line 3 of the Guangzhou Metro is a 74.83-kilometer (46.50 mi) rapid transit line that connects Haibang to Airport North (Terminal 2). The entire line, including all track and stations, is located in tunnels. Its 67.33 km (41.84 mi) main branch, excluding the 7.5 km (4.66 mi) branch between Tianhe Coach Terminal and Tiyu Xilu is now the second longest continuous subway tunnel in the world, and the longest rail tunnel of any kind (surpassing the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland).

Line 3 is split into two sections, Shiqiao line (main line, from Haibang to Tianhe Coach Terminal) and Airport line (northern branch, Tiyu Xilu to Airport North), and are branded with the colour orange. The line is extremely congested, with numerous sections officially operating over 100% capacity. The line uses Seltrac S40 communications-based train control from Alcatel.
2022 Knox County, Tennessee mayoral election
The 2022 Knox County mayoral election was held on August 4, 2022, to determine the mayor of Knox County, Tennessee. The election was held concurrently with primary elections for various state offices, including the gubernatorial primaries. Incumbent Republican mayor Glenn Jacobs won re-election with 55.3% of the vote, defeating Democratic nominee Debbie Helsley.

As mayor, Jacobs branded himself as a libertarian and opposed COVID-19 restrictions like mask mandates.

Jacobs massively underperformed compared to his win in 2018, underperforming the most in the city of Knoxville. Voter turnout was extremely low, with only 18.1% of registered voters turning out. Jacob's massive underperformance and the lower voter turnout is mainly due to the fact that Republican Governor Bill Lee ran unopposed in his primary election and his Democratic challenger had a competitive primary. In 2018, local races saw higher voter turnout because all of the primary elections were contested that year.

2022 Tennessee elections
Tennessee state elections in 2022 were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2022. Primary elections for the United States House of Representatives, governorship, Tennessee Senate, and Tennessee House of Representatives, as well as various judicial retention elections, including elections for all five Tennessee Supreme Court justices as well as general local elections, were held on August 4, 2022. There were also four constitutional amendments to the Constitution of Tennessee on the November 8 ballot.
Day of Arafah
The Day of Arafah (Arabic: يوم عرفة, romanized: Yawm ʿArafah) is an Islamic holiday that falls on the ninth day of Dhu al-Hijjah of the lunar Islamic calendar. It is the second day of the Hajj pilgrimage and is followed by the holiday of Eid al-Adha. At dawn of this day, Muslim pilgrims make their way from Mina to a nearby hillside and plain called Mount Arafat and the Plain of Arafat in Saudi Arabia. It was from this site that the Islamic prophet Muhammad gave one of his last sermons in the last year of his life. Some Muslims hold that part of the Quranic verse announcing that the religion of Islam had been perfected was revealed on this day.

Farewell Sermon
The Farewell Sermon (Arabic: خطبة الوداع, Khuṭbatu l-Wadāʿ ) also known as Muhammad's Final Sermon or the Last Sermon, is a religious speech, delivered by the Islamic prophet Muhammad on Friday the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, 10 AH (6 March 632) in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, during the Islamic pilgrimage of Hajj.
Muhammad al-Bukhari refers to the sermon and quotes part of it in his Sahih al-Bukhari. Part of it is also present in Sahih Muslim and Sunan Abu Dawood. Verse 5:3, "Today I have perfected for you your religion," is believed to have been recited during the address as the capstone verse of the Quran.
Various versions of the sermon have been published, including several English translations. The sermon consists of a series of general exhortations for Muslims to follow the teachings that Allah had set forth in the Quran and Muhammad in his Sunnah.
Kashi Singh Airy
Kashi Singh Airy (Hindi: काशी सिंह ऐरी; born 1 June 1953) is the leader and founding member of Uttarakhand Kranti Dal and a former member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly and Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly. He founded the party in 1979 along with Bipin Chandra Tripathi, D. D. Pant and Indramani Badoni.

Bipin Chandra Tripathi
Bipin Chandra Tripathi (Kumaoni: बिपिन चन्द्र त्रिपाठी; 23 February 1945 – 30 August 2004) was a social and environmental activist, a journalist, and a founding member of the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal, a political party in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
Kristo Immanuel
Kristo Immanuel Caesar (born 28 February 1997) is an Indonesian actor, internet personality, impressionist, and director. He rose to prominence in 2019 after his impersonation videos went viral on Instagram. He then has starred in various films, including Timo Tjahjanto's The Big 4 (2022) and Yosep Anggi Noen's 24 Hours with Gaspar (2023). He made his directorial debut with Better Off Dead in 2025, which earned him a nomination for a Citra Award for Best Original Screenplay at the 2025 ceremony.

Timo Tjahjanto
Timothy Tjahjanto (Indonesian: [tʃahˈjanto]; born 4 September 1980) is an Indonesian filmmaker known for his film works mostly on the horror and action genres. Tjahjanto owns the film production company Merah Production.

Apart from directing, producing, and writing story for his own films, Tjahjanto is also known as one half of The Mo Brothers with friend and fellow filmmaker Kimo Stamboel. The duo received a Citra Award nomination for Best Director in 2016 for Headshot while Tjahjanto himself won the Maya Award for Best Director in 2019 for May the Devil Take You.
Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Bourg
The Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Bourg grew out of the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Lyon which had been disbanded during the French Revolution. The Sisters of Saint Joseph was revived as a congregation in 1807 at Lyons, during the Napoleonic regime through the efforts of Mother Saint John Fontbonne. In 1819 a daughter house was established in Bourg, which became an independent congregation in 1823. In 1977 the United States provinces of the Bourg congregation separated to form the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Medaille. In 1996 the Bourg congregation re-joined the founding congregation of Lyon, as part of the latter's European Province.

Sisters of St. Joseph
The Sisters of St. Joseph, also known as the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph, abbreviated CSJ or SSJ, is a Catholic religious congregation of women founded in Le Puy-en-Velay, France, in 1650. This congregation, named for Saint Joseph, has approximately 9,500 members worldwide: 2,584 in the United States; 2,000 in France; and are active in 50 other countries.
Earl of Shaftesbury
Earl of Shaftesbury is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1672 for Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Baron Ashley, a prominent politician in the Cabal then dominating the policies of King Charles II. He had already succeeded his father as second Baronet of Rockbourne in 1631 and been created Baron Ashley, of Wimborne St Giles in the County of Dorset, in 1661, and he was made Baron Cooper, of Paulett in the County of Somerset, at the same time he was given the earldom.

These titles are also in the Peerage of England. Baron Ashley is used as a courtesy title by the Earl's eldest son and heir apparent. The Cooper baronetcy, of Rockbourne in the County of Southampton, was created in the Baronetage of England in 1622 for the Earl's father, John Cooper. He sat as Member of Parliament for Poole.

The current holder is Nicholas Ashley-Cooper (born 1979).

Sir John Cooper, 1st Baronet
Sir John Cooper, 1st Baronet, 24 October 1597 to 23 March 1631, was a member of the landed gentry and MP for Poole from 1625 to 1629. He died of tuberculosis, leaving debts of over £40,000 and is best remembered for being the father of Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury.
Evesham railway station
Evesham railway station is in the market town of Evesham in Worcestershire, England. It is between Honeybourne and Pershore stations on the Cotswold Line between Oxford and Hereford via Worcester and Great Malvern. It is operated by Great Western Railway. Trains to London Paddington take about 1 hour 45 minutes.

Oxford railway station
Oxford railway station is a mainline railway station, one of two serving the city of Oxford, England. It is about 0.5 miles (800 m) west of the city centre, north-west of Frideswide Square and the eastern end of Botley Road. It is the busiest station in Oxfordshire, and the fourth busiest in South East England.

It is on the line for trains between London Paddington and Hereford via Worcester Shrub Hill. It is a starting point for fast and local trains to London Paddington and London Marylebone, and for local trains to Reading, Worcester (Shrub Hill and Foregate stations), and Banbury. It is also on the north–south Cross Country Route from Manchester Piccadilly and Newcastle via Birmingham New Street and Reading to Southampton Central and Bournemouth. The station is managed by Great Western Railway, and also served by CrossCountry and Chiltern Railways trains. Immediately to the north is Sheepwash Channel Railway Bridge over the Sheepwash Channel.
Mount Hercules
Mount Hercules (77°29′S 161°26′E﻿ / ﻿77.483°S 161.433°E﻿ / -77.483; 161.433) is a large, flat-topped, elevated feature between Mount Aeolus and Mount Jason in the Olympus Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (1958–59) for Hercules, a figure in Greek mythology.

Marsh Cirque is a cirque on the southern slopes of Mount Hercules. The cirque is 1 nautical mile (2 km) wide and in part occupied by a glacier. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2004 after geologist Bruce D. Marsh, of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Marsh investigated basement sill at McMurdo Dry Valleys sites in seven field seasons, 1995–2005, for the United States Antarctic Program.

Mount Hercules is separated from Mount Jason by the Nakai Snowfield. Harris Ledge lies to the north, and just west of it is Fritsen Valley.

Olympus Range
The Olympus Range (77°29′S 161°30′E﻿ / ﻿77.483°S 161.500°E﻿ / -77.483; 161.500﻿ (Olympus Range)) is a primarily ice-free mountain range of Victoria Land, Antarctica, with peaks over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) high, between Victoria Valley and McKelvey Valley on the north and Wright Valley on the south.
It is south of the Clare Range and north of the Asgard Range.
Pemberton Holmes Real Estate
Pemberton Holmes Real Estate is a Canadian real-estate company located in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It is considered one of the oldest family-owned real estate companies in North America; in continuous operation since 1887. The company was founded by Frederick B. Pemberton, a son of Joseph Despard Pemberton, who was responsible for the land surveying of the area.

Pemberton Holmes has Vancouver Island branch offices located in Victoria, Oak Bay., Sooke, Sidney, Duncan, Ladysmith, Nanaimo, Parksville, Bowser, Courtenay and Campbell River.

The Pemberton Holmes' telephone number may be one of the oldest in Canada, as Victoria was among the first cities in Canada to have telephone service; Pemberton & Son were issued exchange number 8124, which later evolved to its current phone number.

Joseph Despard Pemberton
Joseph Despard Pemberton (July 23, 1821 – November 11, 1893) was a surveyor for the Hudson's Bay Company, Surveyor General for the Colony of Vancouver Island, a pre-Confederation politician, a businessman and a farmer. He was born in 1821 in Dublin, Ireland and died in 1893 in Oak Bay, British Columbia.   Joseph Pemberton laid out Victoria's town site, southern Vancouver Island and townsites along the Fraser River. He married Teresa Jane Grautoff and they are the parents of Canadian painter Sophie Pemberton. The town of Pemberton was named after him.
Department of Wildlife Conservation (Sri Lanka)
The Department of Wildlife Conservation (Sinhala: වනජීවී සංරක්‍ෂණ දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව Vanajivi Sanrakshana Departhamenthuwa) is a non-ministerial government department in Sri Lanka. It is the government department responsible for maintaining national parks, nature reserves and wildlife in wilderness areas in Sri Lanka. Forest reserves and wilderness areas are maintained by the Department of Forest Conservation. The head of the department is the Director General of Wildlife Conservation, formally known as Warden. It was established in October 1949 with Captain Cyril Nicholas, MC as its first Warden.

Department of Forest Conservation (Sri Lanka)
The Department of Forest Conservation (Sinhala: වන සංරක්‍ෂණ දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව Vana Sanrakshana Departhamenthuwa) is a non-ministerial government department responsible for forestry in Sri Lanka. Its mission is to protect and expand Sri Lanka's forests and woodlands. The head of the department is the Conservator General, Dr. K.M.A.Bandara. It comes under the purview of the Ministry of Wildlife and Forest Resource Conservation.

It has limited policing powers in protected forest areas to stop illegal poaching and logging, with the power to arrest suspects.
Brodmann area 46
Brodmann area 46, or BA46, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. It is between BA10 and BA45.

BA46 is known as middle frontal area 46. In the human brain it occupies approximately the middle third of the middle frontal gyrus and the middle portion of the inferior frontal gyrus.  Brodmann area 46 roughly corresponds with the  dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), although the borders of area 46 are based on cytoarchitecture rather than function. The DLPFC also encompasses part of granular frontal area 9, directly adjacent on the dorsal surface of the cortex.

Cytoarchitecturally, BA46 is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, rostroventrally by the frontopolar area 10 and caudally by the triangular area 45 (Brodmann-1909). There is some discrepancy between the extent of BA8 (Brodmann-1905) and the same area as described by Walker (1940).

Brodmann area 9
Brodmann area 9, or BA9, refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal cortex in the brain of humans and other primates. Its cytoarchitecture is referred to as granular due to the concentration of granule cells in layer IV. It contributes to the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex.
Tarabya I of Sagaing
Tarabya I (Burmese: တရဖျားကြီး, pronounced [təja̰pʰjá dʑí];1297–1339) was king of Sagaing from 1327 to 1335/36. He succeeded King Saw Yun, his maternal half-brother. In 1335/36, he was brought put under arrest by his own son Shwetaungtet. The deposed king managed to have Shwetaungtet killed in 1339 but he himself was killed by Chief Minister Nanda Pakyan.

Saw Yun
Athinkhaya Saw Yun (Burmese: အသင်္ခယာ စောယွမ်း [ʔəθɪ̀ɰ̃ kʰəjà sɔ́ jʊ́ɰ̃]; also spelled Saw-Yoom; c. 1299 – 5 February 1327) was the founder of the Sagaing Kingdom of Myanmar (Burma). The eldest son of King Thihathu set up a rival kingdom in 1315 after Thihathu appointed Uzana I as heir-apparent. Saw Yun successfully resisted two small expeditions by Pinya by 1317. While Saw Yun nominally remained loyal to his father, he was the de facto king of the area roughly corresponding to present-day Sagaing Region and northern Mandalay Region.

After Thihathu's death, Sagaing and Pinya formally went separately ways. Saw Yun died in 1327. Saw Yun had four children, three sons and a daughter. All of his sons became king of Sagaing. His only daughter was the mother of Thado Minbya, the founder of the Kingdom of Ava.
Chromoxylography
Chromoxylography (/ˌkroʊmoʊzaɪˈlɒɡrəfi/) was a colour woodblock printing process, popular from the mid-19th to the early-20th century, commonly used to produce illustrations in children's books, serial pulp magazines, and cover art for yellow-back and penny dreadfuls.  The art of relief engraving and chromoxylography was perfected by engravers and printers in the 19th century, most notably in Victorian London by engraver and printer Edmund Evans who was particularly good with the process, producing a wide range of hues and tones through color mixing. Chromoxylography was a complicated technique, requiring intricate engraving and printing for the best results. Less expensive products, such as covers for pulp magazines, had to be produced with few colours, often only two or three, whereas more intricate and expensive books and reproductions of paintings used as many as a dozen or more colors. For each colour used, a separate woodblock had to be carved of the image being reproduced.

Relief printing
Relief printing is a family of printing methods where a printing block, plate or matrix, which has had ink applied to its non-recessed surface, is brought into contact with paper. The non-recessed surface will leave ink on the paper, whereas the recessed areas will not. A printing press may not be needed, as the back of the paper can be rubbed or pressed by hand with a simple tool such as a brayer or roller. In contrast, in intaglio printing, the recessed areas are printed.

Relief printing is one of the traditional families of printmaking techniques, along with the intaglio and planographic families, though modern developments have created others.
Sylvester C. Simpson
Sylvester Confucius Simpson (March 21, 1844 – May 3, 1913) was an American educator and attorney in the state of Oregon. A native of Missouri, he served as the first Oregon Superintendent of Public Instruction and was later the secretary to Oregon Governor Stephen F. Chadwick before moving to California. A Democrat, he also served as the chief clerk in the Oregon State Senate.

Stephen F. Chadwick
Stephen Fowler Chadwick (December 25, 1825 – January 15, 1895) was an American Democratic politician who served as the fifth Governor of Oregon from 1877 to 1878. Chadwick was the first person to obtain the governorship by way of the state's line of succession.