hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ontario Malleable Iron Company
Ontario Malleable Iron Company (OMIC) was an iron foundry established in Oshawa, Ontario, by brothers John Cowan and William Cowan. The factory was in operation from 1872 until closure in 1977. Ontario Malleable, along with many other industrial firms in Oshawa, enabled comparisons between Oshawa and Manchester, England, such that Oshawa was, in the 1920s, referred to as the "Manchester of Canada".

McLaughlin Motor Car Company
McLaughlin Motor Car Company Limited was a Canadian manufacturer of automobiles headquartered in Oshawa, Ontario. Founded by Robert McLaughlin, it once was the largest carriage manufacturing factory in the British Empire.

Around 1905, Robert's son Sam started building automobiles. By 1907, this enterprise had grown to include the manufacture of McLaughlin automobiles with Buick engines. In 1915, the company manufactured Chevrolet vehicles for the U.S. and Canadian market. The carriage end of the business was then sold to Carriage Factories Limited of Orillia, Ontario. James Brockett Tudhope's Carriage Factories ended carriage production and changed to manufacturing truck and car parts. The Tudhope firm was sold in 1924 to Cockshutt Plow Company and merged into the Cockshutt Plow owned Canada Carriage and Body Limited of Brantford, Ontario. The Brantford-based firm is now Trailmobile Canada.

McLaughlin was taken over by General Motors in 1918 and merged into General Motors of Canada.
Logopandecteision
Logopandecteision is a 1653 parodic book by Sir Thomas Urquhart, detailing his plans for the creation of an artificial language by that name.

The book is written in a similar style to the extensive and intricate taxonomic structures of other philosophical languages, and to the baroque grammar of later projects such as Volapük. Urquhart promises twelve parts of speech: each declinable in eleven cases, four numbers, eleven genders (including god, goddess, man, woman, animal, etc.); and conjugable in eleven tenses, seven moods, and four voices. He claimed that the language could be used in translating verses from any vernacular language, citing Italian, French, Spanish, Slavonian, Dutch, Irish, and English as specific examples. Urquhart devotes sections of the book to polemics against the foes who prevented him from publishing his linguistic works, primarily his creditors and the Church of Scotland.

Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of a language or dialect, particularly when perceived as having lower social status or less prestige than standard language, which is more codified, institutionally promoted, literary, or formal. More narrowly, any particular variety of a natural language that does not hold a widespread high-status perception, and sometimes even carries social stigma, is also called a vernacular, vernacular dialect, nonstandard dialect, etc. and is typically its speakers' native variety. Regardless of any such stigma, all nonstandard dialects are full-fledged varieties of language with their own consistent grammatical structure, sound system, body of vocabulary, etc.
Mobile signature roaming
In mobile telecommunications technology, the concept of mobile signature roaming means an access point (AP) should be able to get a mobile signature from any end-user, even if the AP and the end-user have not contracted a commercial relationship with the same MSSP. Otherwise, an AP would have to build commercial terms with as many MSSPs as possible, and this might be a cost burden.

This means that a mobile signature transaction issued by an application provider should be able to reach the appropriate MSSP, and this should be transparent for the AP.

Mobile signature roaming itself requires commercial agreements between the entities that facilitate it. In this respect, we assume that various entities (including MSSPs) will join in order to define common commercial terms and rules corresponding to a mobile signature roaming Service. This is the concept of a mobile signature roaming service.

Wireless access point
In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP) (also just access point (AP)) is a networking hardware device that allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network or wireless network. As a standalone device, the AP may have a wired or wireless connection to a switch or router, but in a wireless router it can also be an integral component of the networking device itself. A WAP and AP is differentiated from a hotspot, which can be a physical location or digital location where Wi-Fi or WAP access is available.
Elateriformia
Elateriformia is an infraorder of polyphagan beetles.  The two largest families in this group are buprestids, of which there are around 15,000 described species, and click beetles, of which there are around 10,000 described species.

The infraorder consists of six superfamilies:

Buprestoidea — the metallic wood-boring beetles

Byrrhoidea — families including long-toed water beetles, moss beetles and mud-loving beetles

Dascilloidea

Elateroidea — including the click beetles and soldier beetles

Rhinorhipoidea

Scirtoidea

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
Javi Fuego
Javier "Javi" Fuego Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈβjeɾ ˈxaβi ˈfweɣo maɾˈtineθ]; born 4 January 1984) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

He appeared in 277 La Liga matches over ten seasons, totalling nine goals for Levante, Recreativo, Rayo Vallecano, Valencia, Espanyol and Villarreal. He added 256 games in the Segunda División, mainly in representation of Sporting de Gijón.

RCD Espanyol
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona (Catalan: [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw əspəˈɲɔl də βəɾsəˈlonə]; "Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona"), commonly known as RCD Espanyol, is a Spanish professional sports club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

Founded in 1900 in Barcelona, Espanyol currently play their home games just outside the city at the RCDE Stadium, which holds up to 40,000 spectators. Domestically, Espanyol has won the Copa del Rey four times, most recently in 2006. In international competitions, the club reached the UEFA Cup final in 1988 and 2007. It has a long-standing local rivalry with FC Barcelona.
David Glasser
David Glasser FRSSAf (born 29 September 1936) is a South African engineer best known for his co-development of attainable region theory and research into improving the efficiency of chemical processes. In 2001 he was the inaugural recipient of the Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award. He has also been awarded the Bill-Neale May Gold Medal by the South African Institute of Chemical Engineers, as well as the Science for Society Gold Medal from the Academy of Science of South Africa.

He currently works as Professor Extraordinarius of the University of South Africa (UNISA) and resides in Australia.

Royal Society of South Africa
The Royal Society of South Africa is a learned society composed of eminent South African scientists and academics. The society was granted its royal charter by King Edward VII in 1908, nearly a century after Capetonians first began to conceive of a national scholarly society. The 1877 founder and first president of the society was Sir Bartle Frere (1815–1884).

Fellows are entitled to the post-nominal letters FRSSAf.
Union of Independent People
The Union of Independent People  (Indonesian: Serikat Rakyat Independen), abbreviated as SRI, is a dormant political party in Indonesia established on 2 May 2011 by supporters of finance minister and former World Bank managing director Sri Mulyani Indrawati who aspired for her candidacy in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election.

Sri Mulyani is the longest-serving female cabinet minister in Indonesia. She has been repeatedly included among the 100 Most Powerful Women list by Forbes magazine for years. In 2014, she was ranked as the 38th most powerful woman in the list, and by 2022, she was placed in the 47th.  One poll in 2011 put Sri Mulyani among the top-10 most popular presidential candidates for the 2014 election.

2014 Indonesian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 9 July 2014, with former general Prabowo Subianto contesting the elections against the governor of Jakarta, Joko Widodo; incumbent president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was constitutionally barred from seeking a third term in office. On 22 July the General Elections Commission (KPU) announced Joko Widodo's victory. He and his vice president, Jusuf Kalla, were sworn-in on 20 October 2014, for a five-year term.

According to the 2008 election law, only parties or coalitions controlling 20% of DPR seats or winning 25% of the popular votes in the 2014 parliamentary elections are eligible to nominate a candidate. This law was challenged in the Constitutional Court, but in late January 2014, the court ruled that the requirement would stand for this election. No party exceeded the threshold in the 2014 legislative elections; therefore, two coalitions were formed.
Bombardier Aerospace and Embraer S.A. government subsidy controversy
Brazil and Canada engaged in the Bombardier Aerospace and Embraer S.A. government subsidy controversy over government subsidies to domestic plane-makers in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It was an international, adjudicated trade dispute.

Bombardier Aviation
Bombardier Aviation, a division of Bombardier Inc., is headquartered in Dorval, Quebec, Canada. The company currently produces the Global and Challenger series of business jets.

At its peak, Bombardier operated manufacturing plants in 27 countries and employed over 70,000 workers. However, under financial pressure, it significantly reduced its workforce and divested its entire commercial aircraft portfolio including the Q-Series regional turboprop, CRJ-Series of regional jets, and the C-Series narrowbody jet.
Auto Pilen
Pilen S.A. (also known as Auto Pilen) was a Spanish manufacturing company headquartered in Ibi, Alicante, which produced die-cast scale model cars from the 1970s through the mid-1990s mostly in 1:43 scale. A majority of the castings were inherited from French Dinky.

The company was started in the 1960s, diecasting items like colorful metal sailboats and key chains. In the late 1980s, Pilen was apparently bought by AHC of the Netherlands.

Polistil
Polistil S.p.A. (initially called Politoys) is an Italian toy brand and former manufacturing company headquartered in Milan, with production center in Chiari, near Brescia. Polistil specialized in die-cast and plastic scale model vehicles of all sizes.

There is a new site about the world of toys and his History of Polistil Factory: "Quelli della Polistil" on www.quellidellapolistil.it

The company also made toy and model tanks, dolls, robots and TV tie-ins. After a 33-year span, and a collaboration with Tonka, Polistil went out of business in 1993, but now is a brand under the May Cheong Group (owner of the brand Maisto), along with the name of former competitor Bburago. Traditionally, the principal Italian competitors to Polistil were Mercury, Mebetoys, and the shorter run Ediltoys.
Walter the Whale
Walter the Whale (Skana) was a star orca (killer whale) during the early era of captive orcas in the 1960s. In 1967, following the death of Namu, the only other established star orca was Shamu. Walter the Whale was the orca's advertised name at first, but she was later renamed Skana.

Walter was captured from K Pod of the southern resident orcas in 1967 by Ted Griffin, and shipped to the Seattle Public Aquarium. Soon the orca was transported by truck to Vancouver in a rental arrangement with boat show producer Bob O'Loughlin.

The Province reported that due to public curiosity about "the background of killer whales," Walter was the "biggest draw" of the 1967 Vancouver Boat Show, held at the Pacific National Exhibition (PNE) grounds. Walter's presence at the show helped set an attendance record of more than 100,000 individuals, and promoted boat sales.

After the conclusion of the boat show, the Vancouver Aquarium bought Walter, who became their first orca since Moby Doll.

Pacific National Exhibition
The Pacific National Exhibition (PNE) is a nonprofit organization that operates an annual 15-day summer fair, 12-day winter fair, a seasonal amusement park, and indoor arenas in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The PNE fair is held at Hastings Park, beginning on the third Saturday of August and ending in early September, usually Labour Day, and in mid-December until Christmas.

The organization was established in 1907 as the Vancouver Exhibition Association, and organized its first fair at Hastings Park in 1910. The organization was renamed to the Pacific National Exhibition in 1946. During the mid-20th century, a number of facilities were built on the PNE grounds, including Pacific Coliseum and PNE Agrodome. In 1993, the amusement park adjacent to the PNE, Playland, became a division of the PNE.
Jungle World, Rawalpindi
Jungle World (previously Jungle Kingdom) is an animal theme park and zoological garden located in Ayub National Park, Rawalpindi District, Pakistan. The visitor spot is spread over about 50 acres (200,000 m2).

The Jungle World Theme Park consists of two interconnected facilities - a family amusement park and a zoo.

Ayub National Park
Ayub National Park, commonly known as Ayub Park or, historically, Topi Rakh Park (Rakh lit. reserve in Potwari), is a national park located on the Grand Trunk Road, not far away from the old presidency in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.

The park was established before the creation of Pakistan and covers an area of 313 acres (127 ha). It was named after the former President of Pakistan Field Marshal Ayub Khan. It is the largest park in the Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area, and is claimed to be one of the largest in Asia.
Crime in Flint, Michigan
Crime in Flint, Michigan, has been a serious issue for more than a decade. Since the late-2000s, Flint has consistently ranked among the most violent cities in the United States. Law enforcement in Flint is primarily the responsibility of the Flint Police Department, which is often assisted by the Genesee County Sheriff's Department and the Michigan State Police, which maintains a post in adjacent Flint Township that serves all of Genesee County, as well as the Genesee County Parks and Recreation Commission Police and the campus police departments of the University of Michigan–Flint, Kettering University, and Mott Community College.

Michigan State Police
The Michigan State Police (MSP) is the state police agency for the U.S. state of Michigan. The MSP is a full-service law enforcement agency, with its sworn members having full police powers statewide.

The department was founded in 1917 as a wartime constabulary (originally named the Michigan State Troops Permanent Force) and eventually evolved into the modern agency that it is today. The department's entry-level members are called "Recruits", who eventually earn the title of "Trooper". Its headquarters is in Dimondale, Michigan.
Revolt of the housewives
The 1795 food riots are known as the revolt of the housewives, a term coined by John Lawrence Hammond and Barbara Hammond for a series of food riots and disturbances in England in 1795. They arose out of exceptional food scarcity. Women played conspicuous roles in the riots.

Barbara Hammond
Lucy Barbara Hammond (née Bradby, 1873–1961) was an English social historian who researched and wrote many influential books with her husband, John Lawrence Hammond, including the Labourer trilogy about the impact of enclosure and the Industrial Revolution upon the lives of workers.
4397th Air Refueling Wing (Training)
The United States Air Force's 4397th Air Refueling Wing (Training) was an air refueling training unit located at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. It operated Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighters with an authorization for 40 aircraft.  The wing was assigned to 2d Air Force

Second Air Force
The Second Air Force (2 AF; 2d Air Force in 1942) is a USAF numbered air force responsible for conducting basic military and technical training for Air Force enlisted members and non-flying officers.  In World War II the CONUS unit defended the Northwestern United States and Upper Great Plains regions and during the Cold War, was Strategic Air Command unit with strategic bombers and missiles. Elements of Second Air Force engaged in combat operations during the Korean War; Vietnam War, as well as Operation Desert Storm.
Savannah Levin
Savannah Lee Levin (born May 21, 1995) is an American soccer player who played as a defender for Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC in the Swedish Damallsvenskan. She played for the USC Trojans women's soccer team from 2013 to 2016, winning the 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.

2016 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The 2016 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament (also known as the 2016 Women's College Cup) was the 35th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semi-finals and championship game were played at Avaya Stadium in San Jose, California from December 2–4, 2016 while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country during November 2016.
United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
The U.S. Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD, informally) is one of twelve subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations. It was formerly known as the Subcommittee on Transportation, Treasury, the Judiciary, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, but responsibility for Treasury and Judiciary funding was transferred to the Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government in 2007. The United States Senate Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States House Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of Transportation and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.

United States Department of Transportation
The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT or DOT) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It is headed by the secretary of transportation, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

The department's fiscal year 2022–2026 strategic plan states that its mission is "to deliver the world's leading transportation system, serving the American people and economy through the safe, efficient, sustainable, and equitable movement of people and goods."
Northrop F-15 Reporter
The Northrop F-15 Reporter (later RF-61) was an American unarmed photographic reconnaissance aircraft. Based on the Northrop P-61 Black Widow night fighter, it was the last piston-powered photo-reconnaissance aircraft designed and produced for the United States Air Force. Though produced in limited quantities, and with a relatively short service life, the F-15's aerial photographs of the Korean Peninsula would prove vital in 1950, when North Korea invaded the south.

Grumman F7F Tigercat
The Grumman F7F Tigercat is a heavy fighter aircraft that served with the United States Navy (USN) and United States Marine Corps (USMC) from late in World War II until 1954. It was the first twin-engine fighter to be deployed by the USN. While the Tigercat was delivered too late to see combat in World War II, it did serve in reconnaissance roles. The Tigercat primarily saw action as a night fighter and attack aircraft during the Korean War.

Designed initially for service on Midway-class aircraft carriers, early production F7Fs were land-based variants. The type was too large to operate from older and smaller carriers, and only a late variant (F7F-4N) was certified for carrier service.
Lee station (Massachusetts)
Lee station is a former railroad station in Lee, Massachusetts. It was built in 1893 to serve passenger traffic on the Housatonic Railroad, which operated the tracks that run through the town between Pittsfield to the north and Connecticut to the south. It served as the town's main passenger station until passenger service was terminated in 1971 by the Penn Central Railroad, the NYNH&H's successor. In 1976 the building was converted to office use, and in 1981 it was rehabilitated and opened as a restaurant. It also serves excursions of the Berkshire Scenic Railway Museum. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 as Lee Station.

Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pittsfield is the most populous city in and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses Berkshire County. Pittsfield’s population was 43,927 at the 2020 census. Although its population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third-largest municipality in Western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.

In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the number-one medium-sized community in the nation for the arts.
Skylark FC
Skylark Football Club (Bengali: স্কাইর্লাক ফুটবল ক্লাব) is an association football club from Dhaka, Bangladesh. The club currently plays in Dhaka Third Division Football League, the fifth-tier in the Bangladeshi football league system.

Dhaka Third Division Football League
Dhaka Third Division Football League (Bengali: ঢাকা তৃতীয় বিভাগ ফুটবল লিগ), officially known as Bashundhara Group Third Division (U-17) Football League due to sponsorship reasons and change of format, is the fifth-tier football league in Bangladesh, as well as the third and lowest league division in Dhaka.

It officially began in 1951 as the league below the Second Division while Bangladesh was still part of Pakistan. From the 2022–23 season, the league is being arranged as an under-17 league.

The league is the lowest division of semi-professional football in the country and the two top-finishing teams are automatically promoted to the Dhaka Second Division Football League. While the bottom two teams are relegated to the country's amateur age-level football league, the Bangladesh Pioneer Football League.