hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bandit-warfare Badge
Bandit-warfare Badge (Bandenkampfabzeichen) was a World War II decoration of Nazi Germany awarded to members of the army, Luftwaffe, Order Police, and Waffen-SS for participating in Nazi security warfare (Bandenbekämpfung). The  badge was instituted on 30 January 1944 by Adolf Hitler after authorization/recommendation by Heinrich Himmler.

Bandenbekämpfung
In German military history, Bandenbekämpfung (lit. '"bandit-fighting" or "combating of bandits"; English equivalent of "anti-partisan operations"'), also referred to as Nazi security warfare during World War II, refers to the concept and military doctrine of countering resistance or insurrection in the rear area during wartime with extreme brutality. The doctrine provided a rationale for disregarding the established laws of war and for targeting any number of groups, from armed guerrillas to civilians, as "bandits" or "members of gangs". As applied by the German Empire and later Nazi Germany, it became instrumental in the crimes against humanity committed by the two regimes, including the Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust.

Historian Alex J. Kay estimates that around one million civilians died as a result of German anti-partisan warfare—excluding actual partisans—among the 13 to 14 million people murdered by the Nazis during World War II.
Dora Lazurkina
Dora Abramovna Lazurkina was a Russian revolutionary who was active in the October Revolution. Between 1918 and 1922 she acted as the director of the preschool division of the People's Commissariat for Education, underneath Anatoly Lunacharsky. From 1922 to 1932 she was active in the Leningrad Regional Committee under the leadership of Sergei Kirov, and from 1932 to 1934 she was deputy secretary of the Leningrad Party Control Commission.

She was arrested and sentenced to five years of exile in 1937; her sentence was later changed to imprisonment in the Gulag and extended indefinitely. She was released in 1955 and subsequently rehabilitated.

Anatoly Lunacharsky
Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky (Russian: Анато́лий Васи́льевич Лунача́рский, born Anatoly Aleksandrovich Antonov; 23 November [O.S. 11 November] 1875 – 26 December 1933) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Soviet People's Commissar (minister) of Education, as well as an active playwright, critic, essayist, and journalist throughout his career.
Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary
The Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary is a Baptist theological institute in  Fort Worth, Texas. It is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention. It was established in 1908 and in 2005 was one of the largest seminaries in the world. It is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC), and the National Association of Schools of Music to award diplomas and bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Two years after being warned, SACSCOC placed the university on probation in June 2025.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.
SCR-508
The SCR-508 radio was a mobile Signal Corps Radio used by the U.S. Army during World War II, for short range ground communications. The SCR-508 series radio represented the Army's commitment to both FM and crystal tuning, and was used extensively by armor and mechanized units. The turret bustle of late series light and medium tanks was designed around this radio.

Signal Corps Radio
Signal Corps Radios were U.S. Army military communications components that comprised "sets". Under the Army Nomenclature System, the abbreviation SCR initially designated "Set, Complete Radio", but was later misinterpreted as "Signal Corps Radio."
2024 Rali Ceredigion
The 2024 Rali Ceredigion was a motor racing event for rally cars held over three days from 30 August to 1 September 2024. It marked the fourth running of Rali Ceredigion. The event was the seventh round of the 2024 European Rally Championship and the fifth round of the 2024 British Rally Championship. It was also the first ERC event held in United Kingdom since the 2016 Circuit of Ireland. The event was held in Aberystwyth of Ceredigion county in Wales and was contested over fourteen special stages covering a total of 184,16 km.

Mille Johansson's 2nd place in class was enough for him to win the ERC Junior title and effectively secure a JWRC drive for 2025. Filip Kohn also claimed the ERC3 title after winning the Fiesta Rally3 Trophy on the previous event.

2024 European Rally Championship
The 2024 European Rally Championship was the 72nd season of the FIA European Rally Championship, the European continental championship series in rallying. The season was also the eleventh following the merge between the European Rally Championship and the Intercontinental Rally Challenge.

Hayden Paddon won the championship for the second year in a row, driving a Hyundai i20 N Rally2 prepared by BRC Racing Team. BRC Racing Team also won the constructors' championship.
Bickley railway station
Bickley railway station is on the Chatham Main Line, serving the town of Bickley in the London Borough of Bromley, south-east London, England; it is 11 miles 76 chains (19.2 km) down the line from London Victoria. Southeastern trains branch from the main line south of Bickley and run to Orpington via Petts Wood. Thameslink services run either via Petts Wood or St Mary Cray on the main line. Bickley is in London fare zone 5.

Orpington railway station
Orpington railway station is on the South Eastern Main Line, serving the town of Orpington in the London Borough of Bromley, south-east London. It is 13 miles 65 chains (22.2 km) down the line from London Charing Cross and is situated between Petts Wood and Chelsfield stations. It is in London fare zone 6.
Crocodylus sudani
Crocodylus sudani is an extinct species of crocodile from the Late Pleistocene Middle Atbara River of Sudan. It has a narrow snout, upturned squamosal horns, and a small boss on its rostrum, generally displaying a mix of features seen in the extant Nile crocodile, sacred crocodile and some fossil species. These features and subsequent phylogenetic analyses suggest that C. sudani may have been more closely related to Pliocene to Pleistocene members of the genus Crocodylus such as C. thorbjarnarsoni, an enormous species from Kenya.

The only known skull of Crocodylus sudani dates to the Late Pleistocene and is approximately 90.000 to 60.000 years old. However, Khalafallah Salih and colleagues, who described the species in 2025, entertain the idea that the species could have persisted for longer than that. Regardless, this renders C. sudani the most recently extinct species of Crocodylus from Africa.

Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni
Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni is an extinct species of crocodile from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of the Turkana Basin in Kenya. It is closely related to the species Crocodylus anthropophagus, which lived during the same time in Tanzania. C. thorbjarnarsoni could be the largest known true crocodile, with the largest skull found indicating a possible total length up to 7.6 m (25 ft). It may have been a predator of early hominins. Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni was named by Christopher Brochu and Glenn Storrs in 2012 in honor of John Thorbjarnarson, a conservationist who worked to protect endangered crocodilians.
Atomism (social)
Atomism or social atomism is a sociological theory arising from the scientific notion atomic theory, coined by the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus and the Roman philosopher Lucretius. In the scientific rendering of the word, atomism refers to the notion that all matter in the universe is composed of basic indivisible components, or atoms. When placed into the field of sociology, atomism assigns the individual as the basic unit of analysis for all implications of social life. This theory refers to "the tendency for society to be made up of a collection of self-interested and largely self-sufficient individuals, operating as separate atoms." Therefore, all social values, institutions, developments and procedures evolve entirely out of the interests and actions of the individuals who inhabit any particular society. The individual is the "atom" of society and therefore the only true object of concern and analysis.

Individual
An individual is one that exists as a distinct entity. Individuality (or self-hood) is the state or quality of living as an individual; particularly (in the case of humans) as a person unique from other people and possessing one's own needs or goals, rights and responsibilities. The concept of an individual features in many    fields, including biology, law, and philosophy. Every individual contributes significantly to the growth of a civilization. Society is a multifaceted concept that is shaped and influenced by a wide range of different things, including human behaviors, attitudes, and ideas. The culture, morals, and beliefs of others as well as the general direction and trajectory of the society can all be influenced and shaped by an individual's activities.
Complement 2 deficiency
Complement 2 deficiency is a type of complement deficiency caused by any one of several different alterations in the structure of complement component 2.

It has been associated with an increase in infections.

It can present similarly to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Complement deficiency
Complement deficiency is an immunodeficiency of absent or suboptimal functioning of one of the complement system proteins. Because of redundancies in the immune system, many complement disorders are never diagnosed. Some studies estimate that less than 10% are identified. Hypocomplementemia may be used more generally to refer to decreased complement levels, while secondary complement disorder means decreased complement levels that are not directly due to a genetic cause but secondary to another medical condition.
Santiago Metro Line 5
Santiago Metro Line 5 is one of the seven lines that currently make up the Santiago Metro network in Santiago, Chile. It has 30 stations and 29.7 km (18.5 mi) of track. The line intersects with Line 1 at Baquedano station and San Pablo station, with Line 2 at Santa Ana station, with the Line 3 at both Plaza de Armas station and Irarrázaval station, with Line 4 at Vicente Valdés station, and with line 6 at Ñuble station. It will also intersect and the future Line 7 at Baquedano station. Its distinctive colour on the network line map is green.

In 2015, Line 5 accounted for 20.8% of all trips made on the metro system with a daily ridership of 396,100.

Baquedano metro station
Baquedano is a transfer station between the Line 1 and Line 5 of the Santiago Metro. It is located close to the eastern terminus of the Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins. The station was initially a single-line station on the Line 1, later was enlarged since the Line 5's opening date. there are plans for the future line 7 to intersect with this station.

The Line 1 station was opened on 31 March 1977 as part of the extension of the line from La Moneda to Salvador. The Line 5 station was opened on 5 April 1997 as the northern terminus of the inaugural section of the line, from Baquedano to Bellavista de La Florida. On 3 March 2000, the line was extended to Santa Ana.
Mississippi Highway 607
Mississippi Highway 607 (MS 607) is a state highway in the Mississippi Gulf Coast region. The route starts at U.S. Route 90 (US 90), and it travels westward to Interstate 10 (I-10). The route has a gap as the road travels through the Stennis Space Center, but resumes north of the center to end at I-59 and US 11 south of Picayune. The road was part of US 11 and US 90, before MS 43 was designated in 1948. MS 607 was created in 1967, after MS 43 was rerouted, and Stennis Space Center was built.

Mississippi Highway 43
Mississippi Highway 43 (MS 43) is a state highway in Mississippi that generally runs north–south in three segments: the first from US 90 near Bay St. Louis to MS 13 south of Columbia, resuming at MS 13 in southern Jefferson Davis County to end near Mendenhall, and finally starting again at MS 18 near Puckett to end at Attala Road 3122 in northern Attala County. It traverses approximately 235 miles (378 km), serving Hancock, Pearl River, Marion, Jefferson Davis, Lawrence, Simpson, Rankin, Madison, Leake, and Attala counties.
Arts of Kerala
The Indian state Kerala is well known for its diverse forms of performing arts. The various communities in Kerala contribute to its rich and colourful culture. The most important traditional art forms of Kerala are Kathakali, Kalaripayattu, Mayilpeeli Thookkam, Koodiyattam, Theyyam, Mohiniyattam, Thullal, Padayani, Pulikali, Thiruvathirakali, Chakyarkoothu, Chavittunadakam, etc.

Chavittu Nadakam
Chavittu Nadakam (Malayalam: ചവിട്ടുനാടകം) is a form of theatre originating in Kerala state in India, supposedly the city of Fort Kochi, associated with the Latin Christians of the region. It is noted for its flamboyant make-up discipline, elaborate costuming and detail to gesture and body movements. This art form highly resembles European opera. Traditionally performed with only drums and vocals, it is today accompanied by modern instruments and represents a fusion of Indian, Christian and European influences.
Eltham District Historical Society
Eltham District Historical Society is a community organisation devoted to the collection, preservation and sharing of stories about the local history of the Eltham district in the north east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Its geographic area of interest extends from Lower Plenty and Montmorency to Kangaroo Ground.  It also maintains an interest in the former Shire of Eltham and holds memorabilia from the former Eltham Shire Council. It is located in the Shire of Nillumbik local government area.  It also encourages conservation of significant places, spaces and documents for future generations. It is an affiliated member of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria and the Association of Eastern Historical Societies.  It is an historical society managed by volunteers.

Shire of Nillumbik
The Shire of Nillumbik (/ˈnɪləmbɪk/ NILL-əm-bik) is a local government area in Victoria, Australia. It contains Melbourne's outer north-eastern suburbs, including the major centres of Eltham and Diamond Creek, as well as numerous rural localities beyond the urban area. It has an area of 432 square kilometres and at the 2021 census, the Shire had a population of 62,895.  The Shire uses the tag-line The Green Wedge Shire. The Nillumbik Council offices are located in Civic Drive, Greensborough.

The shire's name is derived from the Parish of Nillumbik, which was named in the 1830s, the term nyilum bik meaning "bad earth" or "red earth" in the local Aboriginal language Woiwurrung.

Nillumbik was rated third of 590 Australian local government areas in the Bankwest Quality of Life Index 2008.
Synagelides cavaleriei
Synagelides cavaleriei is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It was originally described as Tagoria cavaleriei by Ehrenfried Schenkel-Haas in 1963 from specimens collected in China. The species was later transferred to the genus Synagelides by Bohdanowicz & Hęciak in 1980.

Synagelides
Synagelides is a genus of Asian jumping spiders that was first described by W. Bösenberg & Embrik Strand in 1906. This genus and Agorius (and perhaps Pseudosynagelides) are separated as a genus group, sometimes called subfamily Agoriinae, but more recently downranked to tribe Agoriini of the Salticoida clade in subfamily Salticinae.
Skerdilajd Llagami
Skerdilajd Llagami (31 October 1969 – 29 June 2001), also known as Komandant Shpendi, was an Albanian military commander who participated in several armed conflicts in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Initially serving in Albania's special forces, he later became part of the Albanian rebel-groups during the Kosovo War, Insurgency in the Preševo Valley and Albanian Uprising in Macedonia. Llagami was killed in action, during the final stages of the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia.

2001 insurgency in Macedonia
An armed conflict began in the Republic of Macedonia in 2001 when the ethnic Albanian National Liberation Army (NLA) insurgent group, formed from veterans of the Kosovo War and insurgency in the Preševo Valley, attacked Macedonian security forces at the end of January 2001, and ended with the Ohrid Agreement, signed on 13 August of that same year. There were also claims that the NLA ultimately wished to see Albanian-majority areas secede from the country, though high-ranking members of the group have denied this. The conflict lasted throughout most of the year, although overall casualties remained limited to several dozen individuals on either side, according to sources from both sides of the conflict. With it, the Yugoslav Wars had reached Macedonia, which had achieved peaceful independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.
Old Weston
Old Weston – in Huntingdonshire (now part of Cambridgeshire), England – is a village near Molesworth west of Huntingdon.

In 1870–1872, John Wilson, who was a writer for the "Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales:" describes the area as, "a parish, with a scattered village, in the district of Thrapston and county of Huntingdon; 8 miles N of Kimbolton r. station. It has a post-office under St. Neots. Acres, 2,012. Real property, £2,364. Pop., 426. Houses, 93. The property is much sub-divided. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to Brington. The church is ancient but good, and has a tower and spire. There are a Wesleyan chapel and a national school." According to the 2011 UK population census, the parish of Old Weston had a population of 250 people.

Huntingdon
Huntingdon is a market town in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. The town was given its town charter by King John in 1205. It was the county town of the historic county of Huntingdonshire. Oliver Cromwell was born there in 1599 and became one of its Members of Parliament (MP) in 1628. The former Conservative Prime Minister (1990–1997) John Major served as its MP from 1979 until his retirement in 2001.
Retinal vasculitis
Retinal vasculitis is inflammation of the vascular branches of the retinal artery, caused either by primary ocular disease processes, or as a specific presentation of any systemic form of vasculitis such as Behçet's disease, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, or any form of systemic necrotizing vasculitis such as temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, or due to lupus erythematosus, or rheumatoid arthritis. Eales disease, pars planitis, birdshot retinochoroidopathy (autoimmune bilateral posterior uveitis), and Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) can also cause retinal vasculitis. Infectious pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, visceral larva migrans (Toxocara canis & Toxocara cati) can also cause retinal vasculitis. Drug-induced vasculitis may involve retina as well, as seen in methamphetamine induced vasculitis.

Polyarteritis nodosa
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis) affecting medium-sized muscular arteries, typically involving the arteries of the kidneys and other internal organs but generally sparing the lungs' circulation. Small aneurysms are strung like the beads of a rosary, therefore making this "rosary sign" an important diagnostic feature of the vasculitis. PAN is sometimes associated with infection by the hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus. The condition may be present in infants.

PAN is a rare disease. With treatment, five-year survival is 80%; without treatment, five-year survival is 13%. Death is often a consequence of kidney failure, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
Marquita Bradshaw
Marquita Bradshaw (born January 19, 1974) is an American environmentalist, activist, and political candidate. She was the Democratic nominee in the 2020 United States Senate election in Tennessee, the first African American woman to win a major political party nomination in any statewide race in Tennessee. Bradshaw lost the general election to Republican Bill Hagerty.

After losing the 2020 election, Bradshaw became the founder of Sowing Justice, an environmental and political organization. She unsuccessfully ran in the 2024 Senate election, losing the Democratic primary to Gloria Johnson.

Gloria Johnson (politician)
Gloria Johnson (born May 25, 1962) is an American politician and Democratic member of the Tennessee House of Representatives currently representing District 90, and formerly District 13, based in Knoxville. In April 2023, she and two other state representatives faced expulsion votes from the Tennessee General Assembly after taking to the floor of the State House unrecognized to protest gun violence. Johnson was the only one of the three legislators not to be expelled. Johnson was the Democratic Party nominee for the 2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee, losing to incumbent Republican Marsha Blackburn.
Trypophloeus
Tyrpophloeus is a genus of bark beetles. About 12 species comprise the genus, ranging from North America to Europe and Asia.  The genus is little-known, but T. populi has recently become important as the causative agent of sudden aspen decline.

Other species' host are mainly poplars, willows and alders.

Trypophloeus populi
Tyrpophloeus populi is a species of bark beetle that have been suggested as the cause of sudden aspen decline. It was first described by the American entomologist Andrew Delmar Hopkins.

Bark beetles have been reported to have lengths ranging from 1.7 to 2.1 millimeters, with their length approximately 2.3 times as long as they are wide. They come in black and dark brown body colors.

Tyrpophloeus populi has been found throughout North America, from East Nevada and North Arizona to Saskatchewan and New Brunswick.
Narasinga Muniyaraiyar Nayanar
Narasinga Muniyaraiyar Nayanar is the 40th Nayanar saint. Traditional hagiographies like Periya Puranam (13th century CE) and Thiruthondar Thogai (10th century CE) detail his legendary life and services to the Hindu god Shiva.Narasinga Muniyaraiyar Nayanar was the chieftain of the state Tiru Munaipadi.Muniyaraiyar The saint was a contemporary of Sundarar.

Sundarar
Sundarar (Tamil: சுந்தரர், romanized: Cuntarar), also referred to as Chuntarar, Chuntaramurtti, Nampi Aruran or Tampiran Tolan, was an eighth-century poet-saint of Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta tradition of Hinduism. He is among the Tevaram trio, and one of the most prominent Nayanars, the Shaiva bhakti (devotional) poets of Tamil Nadu.

His hymns form the seventh volume of the Tirumurai called Thiruppattu, the twelve-volume compendium of Shaiva Siddhanta. His songs are considered the most musical in Tirumurai in Tamil language. His life and his hymns in the Tevaram are broadly grouped in four stages. First, his cancelled arranged marriage through the intervention of Shiva in the form of a mad petitioner and his conversion into a Shaiva devotee. Second, his double marriage to temple dancers Paravai and Cankali with their stay together in Tiruvarur. Third, his blindness and then return of his sight. Finally, his reflections on wealth and material goods.