hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of the Volcaean Marshes
The Battle of the Volcaean Marshes took place in the year 7 AD as part of the Dalmatian-Pannonian revolt of 6–9 between the legions of the Roman army, led by Aulus Caecina Severus, and the Pannonian-Dalmatian rebel forces, led by Bato the Dalmatian and (possibly) Bato the Breucian.

Aulus Caecina Severus
Aulus Caecina Severus was a Roman politician and general who was consul in 1 BC. He was Emperor Augustus' representative in Moesia when the Great Illyrian Revolt broke out.  As a result, he spent 4 years in heavy fighting against the Illyrian tribes before the revolt was suppressed by the Romans. In 14 AD he was in charge of several legions on the lower Rhine which mutinied on the death of Augustus. He was recorded as having handled this poorly, with the situation only being salvaged by the intervention of his commander-in-chief, Germanicus.

Over the next two years, while campaigning in Germany, Caecina led his legions with skill and verve. At the conclusion of one hard-fought battle he famously routed the army of Arminius, who seven years earlier had destroyed three Roman legions. He was eulogised by the chroniclers for his exploits. On his return to Rome he was awarded triumph honours.
Gobinda Chandra Das
Gobinda Chandra Das is an Indian politician from Odisha. He is a Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Remuna Assembly constituency as a Member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
Niall Blair
Niall Mark Blair (born 22 May 1977) is a former Australian politician and served as the Deputy Leader of the New South Wales Nationals from November 2016 until October 2019. Blair was a Nationals member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from March 2011 until October 2019, when he retired from politics. Blair is currently the Chair of the board of Sydney Water Corporation since October 2024.

He was the New South Wales Minister for Primary Industries from April 2015 until March 2019; the Minister for Trade and Industry and the Minister for Regional Water from January 2017 until March 2019 in the Berejiklian government.

Minister for Agriculture (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Minister for Agriculture is responsible for the administration and development of agriculture, fisheries, aquaculture, state forests, biosecurity, and crown lands in New South Wales, Australia.

The current minister, who also serves as the Minister for Western New South Wales, is Tara Moriarty, since 5 April 2023. The minister administers the portfolio through the Regional NSW cluster, including the Department of Regional NSW and a range of other government agencies such as the Department of Primary Industries.

Ultimately the minister is responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
1998 Russian financial crisis
The Russian financial crisis (also called the ruble crisis or the Russian flu) began in Russia on 17 August 1998. It resulted in the Russian government and the Russian Central Bank devaluing the ruble and defaulting on its debt. The crisis had severe impacts on the economies of many neighboring countries.

Central Bank of Russia
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Russian: Центральный банк Российской Федерации), commonly known as the Bank of Russia (Russian: Банк России), also called the Central Bank of Russia (CBR), is the central bank of the Russian Federation. The bank was established on 13 July 1990. It traces its beginnings to the State Bank of the Russian Empire established in 1860.

The bank is headquartered on Neglinnaya Street in Moscow. Its functions are described in the Constitution of Russia (Article 75), as well as in federal law.
Tony Hoagland
Anthony Dey Hoagland (November 19, 1953 – October 23, 2018) was an American poet. His poetry collection, What Narcissism Means to Me (2003), was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. His other honors included two grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, a 2000 Guggenheim Fellowship in Poetry, and a fellowship to the Provincetown Fine Arts Work Center. His poems and criticism have appeared in such publications as Poetry Magazine, Ploughshares, AGNI, Threepenny Review, The Gettysburg Review, Ninth Letter, Southern Indiana Review, American Poetry Review and Harvard Review.

Ploughshares
Ploughshares is an American literary journal established in 1971 by DeWitt Henry and Peter O'Malley in The Plough and Stars, an Irish pub in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Since 1989, Ploughshares has been based at Emerson College in Boston. Ploughshares publishes issues four times a year, two of which are guest-edited by a prominent writer who explores personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles. Guest editors have been the recipients of Nobel and Pulitzer prizes, National Book Awards, MacArthur and Guggenheim fellowships, and numerous other honors. Ploughshares also publishes longform stories and essays, known as Ploughshares Solos (collected in the journal's fall issue and published separately as e-books), all of which are edited by the editor-in-chief, Ladette Randolph, and a literary blog, launched in 2009, which publishes critical and personal essays, interviews, and book reviews.
Choline chloride
Choline chloride is an organic compound with the formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−. It is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of choline cations ([(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+) and chloride anions (Cl−). It is a bifunctional compound, meaning, it contains both a quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group. The cation of this salt, choline, occurs in nature in living beings. Choline chloride is a white, water-soluble salt used mainly as an animal and human dietary supplement.

Quaternary ammonium cation
In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or organyl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH+4) and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. Polyquats are a variety of engineered polymer forms which provide multiple quat molecules within a larger molecule.

Quats are used in consumer applications including as antimicrobials (such as detergents and disinfectants), fabric softeners, and hair conditioners. As an antimicrobial, they are able to inactivate enveloped viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2). Quats tend to be gentler on surfaces than bleach-based disinfectants, and are generally fabric-safe.
Boats Group
Boats Group is a Miami, Florida, United States, based advertising and software company for the marine industry with niche titles: YachtWorld, BoatTrader.com, boats.com, Annonces du Bateau, Boten te Koop, Cosas de Barcos, Boatshop24, Boats and Outboards, YachtCloser, Click and Boat and Trident Funding. In addition to Miami, Boats Group has operations in Fareham, Padova and Barcelona. Boats is owned by Permira.

Click and Boat
Click and Boat (aka Click&Boat) is a company based in Paris that operates a boat rental platform, enabling private and professional boat owners to rent out their boats to holidaymakers and other sailing enthusiasts, based on the gig economy model. The company was set up in September 2013 by French entrepreneurs Edouard Gorioux and Jérémy Bismuth.

In August 2020, the platform featured 35,000 listed boats in Europe and globally, accessible to more than 400,000 registered members. The platform is available in English (US, UK and international business English), French, German, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Greek, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese and Swedish.
Math 55
Math 55 is a two-semester freshman undergraduate mathematics course at Harvard University founded by Lynn Loomis and Shlomo Sternberg. The official title of the course is Studies in Algebra and Group Theory (Math 55a) and Studies in Real and Complex Analysis (Math 55b). Previously, the official title was Honors Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra. The course has gained reputation for its difficulty and accelerated pace.

Shlomo Sternberg
Shlomo Zvi Sternberg (January 20, 1936 – August 23, 2024) was an American mathematician known for his work in geometry, particularly symplectic geometry and Lie theory. He also wrote some well-known textbooks.
65th Venice International Film Festival
The 65th annual Venice International Film Festival, was held from 27 August 2008 to 6 September 2008, at Venice Lido in Italy. The festival was dedicated to the late Egyptian filmmaker Youssef Chahine.

German filmmaker Wim Wenders was the jury president for the main competition. Russian actress Kseniya Rappoport was the Host of the opening and closing ceremonies. The Golden Lion was awarded to The Wrestler by Darren Aronofsky.

Italian filmmaker Ermanno Olmi received the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement during the festival.

A restored version of Federico Fellini's 1952 comedy The White Sheik, with forty minutes of newly discovered footage. The record for the longest film at the festival was broken by Lav Diaz's Melancholia, with a running time of approximately seven and a half hours, which was included in the Orizzonti competition section.

The festival opened with Burn After Reading by Joel and Ethan Coen.

Orizzonti
Orizzonti (lit. 'Horizons') is a section of the Venice Film Festival's official selection. Inspired by Cannes sidebar Un Certain Regard, it features a competition of upcoming filmmakers, usually first or second works, with focus on global independent cinema.

Among the now well established filmmakers who have been part of section are: Luca Guadagnino, Josh Safdie and Ben Safdie, Hong Sang-soo, Karim Aïnouz, Frederick Wiseman, Catherine Breillat, Mohsen Makhmalbaf, Quentin Dupieux, Lav Diaz, Wang Bing, Robin Campillo, Jia Zhangke, Gianfranco Rosi, Franco Maresco, Brady Corbet, Pietro Marcello, Kaouther Ben Hania, Saeed Roustayi, Rodrigo Sorogoyen, Oliver Hermanus, Andrea Pallaoro, Gia Coppola, Ti West, Haifaa al-Mansour and Paul Morrissey.

The section usually features awards for Best Film, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Jury Prizes and acting prizes. Alongside the Best Short Film prize for the parallel Orizzonti Short Films Competition.
James Nunn (artist)
James Nunn (born in 1973 in Yorkshire) is a British illustrator, print maker, and book cover artist. He is best known for the panda artwork on the cover of Lynn Truss's bestseller Eats, Shoots & Leaves, and for creating many of the covers in the Shortest History book series. He also created The Corbyn Colouring Book, a colouring book themed on Jeremy Corbyn, and illustrated Colouring the Tour de France (2016), written by William Fotheringham. His artistic practice focuses on drawing and printmaking. In 2024, he won the Academy of British Cover Design's award in the young adult category for the cover of Federico Ivanier's Never tell anyone your name.

Lynne Truss
Lynne Truss (born 31 May 1955) is an English author, journalist, novelist, and radio broadcaster and dramatist. She champions correctness and aesthetics in the English language, which is the subject of her 2003 book, Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation. The book was inspired by a BBC Radio 4 show about punctuation, Cutting a Dash, which she presented.

Besides her promotion of linguistic prescription and commentary on English grammar, Truss has written many radio plays, both comedic and dramatic. She has also written grammar guides for children, and novels including crime fiction. She was inducted into the Detection Club in 2021.
Union Square Saigon
Union Square Saigon, also known as Union Square Vietnam or simply Union Square (stylized as UNIONSQUARE) is a building of shopping centre and hotel located in the centre of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, which opened to the public on 10 October 2012. The centre contains a covered shopping mall and a Mandarin Oriental Hotel. Located on a 4-way urban block, including streets of Đồng Khởi, Lê Thánh Tôn, Nguyễn Huệ and Lê Lợi, opposite the Ho Chi Minh City Hall and Saigon Opera House.

Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group
Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group International Limited is a multinational hospitality and management group focusing on luxury hotels, resorts, and residences, with a total of 46 properties worldwide, 20 of which it either wholly or partially owns.

The Mandarin Oriental brand was established in 1985 following the merger of Mandarin International Hotels Limited and the holding company of the hotel The Oriental, in which Mandarin had already acquired a 49% stake in 1974. Mandarin's history dates back to the 1963 opening of its namesake hotel The Mandarin (now Mandarin Oriental, Hong Kong). The Oriental (now Mandarin Oriental, Bangkok) opened in 1876 as the Kingdom of Siam's first luxury hotel.

Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group is a subsidiary of the publicly traded Mandarin Oriental International Limited, which in turn is a subsidiary of Jardine Matheson.
Orpheus Club of Philadelphia
The Orpheus Club is a men's singing club based in Philadelphia, the largest city in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, and is the oldest of its kind in the United States. It was founded on December 7, 1872, when twenty-two members performed at the Musical Fund Hall on Locust Street in Philadelphia.

The club was first led by the American conductor Michael Hurley Cross (1833–1897), who was one of its original founders. Well over a century later, in 2012, the conductors of the group are John Shankweiler (Conductor) and Clyde R. Dengler, Jr. (Conductor Emeritus). The Orpheus club performs its Christmas, winter and spring concerts at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia and at the Kimmel Center. Its Twelfth Night Revels performance is held at the Orpheus clubhouse on South Van Pelt Street each January.

Locust Street
Locust Street is a major historic street in Center City Philadelphia. The street is the location of several prominent Philadelphia-based buildings, historic sights, and high-rise residential locations. It is an east–west street throughout Center City Philadelphia and runs largely parallel to Chestnut Street, another major Center City Philadelphia street.

Locust Street is one of several Philadelphia streets bordering Rittenhouse Square, one of the five original parks established by the city's founder, William Penn, in the late 17th century.
North Kerry GAA
North Kerry is a Divisional Gaelic football team based in County Kerry, Ireland. Originally founded in 1930, the senior team was reformed in 2025 by the amalgamation of Divisional sides Feale Rangers and Shannon Rangers to compete in the Kerry Senior Football Championship.

Shannon Rangers GAA
Shannon Rangers is a North Kerry Divisional Gaelic football team in County Kerry, Ireland, based around the Shannon Estuary. Founded in 1940, the team compete in the Kerry Senior Football Championship, which they have won on 5 occasions. They also won the inaugural Munster Senior Club Football Championship in 1964.
Richard Wayne Dirksen
Richard Wayne Dirksen (February 8, 1921 - July 26, 2003) was an American musician and composer, who served as organist and choirmaster of the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., from 1977 to 1988. Previously he was assistant organist and choirmaster from 1942 to 1964. In 1969, Dirksen was named the cathedral's precentor, giving him administrative oversight of all worship services until his retirement in 1991.

Dirksen composed extensively, mostly choral and organ works, and his music continues to be regularly featured on broadcasts from the Cathedral. His 1974 opus, Vineyard Haven, has been called "widely acclaimed as one of the finest hymn tunes of our day", by editors of hymnology.

Hymn tune
A hymn tune is the melody of a musical composition to which a hymn text is sung. Musically speaking, a hymn is generally understood to have four-part (or more) harmony, a fast harmonic rhythm (chords change frequently), with or without refrain or chorus.

From the late sixteenth century in England and Scotland, when most people were not musically literate and learned melodies by rote, it was a common practice to sing a new text to a hymn tune the singers already knew which had a suitable meter and character.

There are many hymn tunes which might fit a particular hymn: a hymn in Long Metre might be sung to any hymn tune in Long Metre, but the tunes might be as different as those tunes that have been used for centuries with hymns such as Te lucis ante terminum, on one hand, and an arrangement of the calypso tune used with Jamaica Farewell, on the other.
Tristan de L'Angle Beaumanoir
Tristan Angle-Beaumanoir (March 3, 1828 in Paris – December 6, 1895 at Evran (Côtes d'Armor)) was a French politician.

Before that, he was a naval officer. He became sub-prefect in 1867, first in Cholet and later in Coutances. Relieved by the Government of September 4, 1870, he was appointed prefect of the Cotes-du-Nord by the Conservative government of 16 May 1877 and resigned a few months later. He was a monarchist senator for Côtes-du-Nord from 1885 to 1895 and was often involved in political debates and inquiries. He was known for his sense of humor.

Côtes-d'Armor
The Côtes-d'Armor (/koʊt dɑːrmər/ koht dar-mər, /-dɑːrmɔːr/ -⁠dar-mor; French pronunciation: [kot daʁmɔʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Aodoù-an-Arvor, [ˈoːdu ãn ˈarvor]), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord until 1990 (Breton: Aodoù-an-Hanternoz, [ˈoːdu ãn ˌhãntɛrˈnoːs]), is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France. In 2019, it had a population of 600,582.
Shaikh Habib Al-Raee
Suffi Habib Al-Raee (Urdu: حبیب الراعی) was an elevated Sufi saint. He was a companion to Salman Farsi.  His father, Suffi Saleem Al-Raee, was the founder and chief ancestor from whom the Arain originate. He related that Muhammad said, “The believer’s intentions are better than his acts.” He had flocks of sheep and his home was on the bank of the Euphrates. His religious path was retirement from this world.

Arain
Arain (also known as Raeen) are a large Punjabi agricultural community with a strong political identity and level of organisation. Arain are predominantly Muslims, 99.91% at the time of the 1931 census in Punjab, but a small population of Arain in India also follows Sikhism, Hinduism and Jainism.

At the beginning of the last century, they numbered around 1 million and were mainly rural cultivators and landowners concentrated in four districts: Lahore, Jalandhar, Amritsar and Ambala, all in the British Punjab province. Following the 1947 partition of India, they are now mainly present in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh with a small population in parts of Indian Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

A self-conscious community, several meetings were held to establish an organisation to represent the Arain community in the 1890s. Eventually, in 1915, Anjuman Ra’iyan-i-Hind emerged as such a body in Lahore and a national community newspaper, titled Al-Rai, was established.
Moreton, Staffordshire
Moreton is a small rural village in the borough of Stafford in Staffordshire, England, near the border with Shropshire. It includes the hamlets of Bromstead Heath, Great Chatwell, Coley, Outwoods and Wilbrighton.

It is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-west from Gnosall, 4 miles (6.4 km) south-east from Newport, and 11.8 miles (19.0 km) South-West-West from Stafford. Population details as taken at the 2011 Census can be found under Gnosall.

Great Chatwell
Great Chatwell is a small village within the civil parish of Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard, in the South Staffordshire district of Staffordshire, England. It lies on the border with Shropshire, around 1 mile (1.6 km) north-west of Blymhill.

The name presumably derives either from nearby St. Chad's well at Chadwell or from the Old English for 'Ceatta's well or stream'.

The village contains a number of notable buildings. A white cottage was formerly a telephone exchange, reputedly the last manual exchange in England. Opposite the Red Lion public house is the former Cock Inn, the back wall of which is ancient and thought locally to have once formed part of a monastery. Beside this is the grand 19th-century arched entrance to Chatwell Court. A short distance to the north-east of the village can be found the well-preserved remains of a brick kiln. At the south of the village are the sheds of a substantial factory farm.
Withington tram stop
Withington tram stop is on the South Manchester Line of Greater Manchester's light-rail Metrolink system, on the west side of Princess Road in Withington, south Manchester, England.

The tram stop was opened on 23 May 2013. It was built in a cutting on a section of abandoned railway which was re-opened for light rail operation. The line was originally opened in 1880 by the Cheshire Lines Committee as the Manchester South District Line, which ran trains from Manchester Central railway station. The line was closed in 1967, but was re-opened in the 21st century as part of the Metrolink network. Trams now run from East Didsbury through Withington to Manchester city centre tram stops and on to Rochdale Town Centre.

Manchester Central railway station
Manchester Central was a railway station in Manchester city centre, England. One of Manchester's main railway terminals between 1880 and 1969, the building was converted into an exhibition and conference centre which was opened in 1986; originally known as G-MEX, it is now named Manchester Central. The structure is a Grade II* listed building.

On 27 March 2020, the UK government announced that the building would be converted into an emergency hospital, intended to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic and with 1,000 beds. It was opened in April 2020 and closed in March 2021.
Mans Carpio
Manases "Mans" Reyes Carpio (Tagalog: [manaˈses ˈɾejes ˈkaɾpjo], born February 8, 1976) is a Filipino lawyer who is the husband of Vice President Sara Duterte. He is only the second male spouse of a Philippine vice president, after Jose Miguel Arroyo from 1998 to 2001.

Vice President of the Philippines
Vice President of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas, also referred to as Bise Presidente ng Pilipinas) is the title of the second-highest official in the executive branch of the Philippine government and is first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is directly elected by the citizens of the Philippines and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the president.

The current office of the vice president was re-established under the 1987 Constitution, bearing similarities with the office as created in the 1935 Constitution that was abolished by the Marcos regime. The vice president may be elected to two consecutive six-year terms. The 15th and incumbent vice president Sara Duterte was inaugurated on June 19, 2022, but her term officially began 11 days later on June 30, as per the constitution.