hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duchy of Wizna
Duchy of Wizna was a district principality and a fiefdom within the United Kingdom of Poland, and later the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The country was located in Wizna Land with Wizna as its capital and during its existence it remained in the personal union with the Duchy of Płock. It was formed in 1345 from the part of Duchy of Rawa and was ruled by Bolesław III of Płock. On 18 September 1381 it was incorporated into United Kingdom of Poland. It was reestablished in December 1381 from the part of the Duchy of Masovia under Siemowit IV rule. On 2 December 1382 its territory was pledged to the State of the Teutonic Order. It was again re-established in 1435, when it was given to Władysław I of Płock, ruler of the Duchy of Płock, existed until 1495 when it was incorporated into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.

Duchy of Płock
The Duchy of Płock was a feudal district duchy in Masovia, centered on the Płock Land. Its capital was Płock. It existed in the High Middle Ages era, from 1275 to 1294, from 1310 to 1351, and from 1381 to 1462.
Munster Senior Club Camogie Championship
The Munster Senior Club Camogie Championship is an annual camogie competition organised by the Munster Council of the Camogie Association and contested by the champion senior clubs in the province of Munster in Ireland. It is the most prestigious club competition in Munster camogie.

The winner of the Munster championship contests the semi-final of the All-Ireland Senior Club Camogie Championship.

The championship was first contested in 1964.

St Finbarr's are the reigning champions, having beaten De La Salle by 3-11 to 2-12.

All-Ireland Senior Club Camogie Championship
The All-Ireland Club Camogie Championship is a competition for club teams in the Irish women’s field sport of camogie. It is contested by the senior club champions of the leading counties and organised by An Cumann Camógaíochta.
Α-Methylmethcathinone
α-Methylmethcathinone (α-Me-MC), also known as βk-mephentermine or as RAD-081, is a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) of the amphetamine, cathinone, and phentermine families. It is the α-methyl analogue of methcathinone and the β-keto analogue of mephentermine. The drug's EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values for induction of monoamine release are 153 nM for norepinephrine, 590 nM for dopamine, and 12,860 nM for serotonin in rat brain synaptosomes. α-Methylmethcathinone was first described in the scientific literature by 2019.

Substituted cathinone
Substituted cathinones, or simply cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug.

Substituted cathinones act as monoamine releasing agents and/or monoamine reuptake inhibitors, including of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. In contrast to substituted amphetamines, most substituted cathinones do not act as agonists of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). This may potentiate their stimulating and addictive effects. In addition, β-keto-substituted phenethylamines, such as βk-2C-B, appear to show dramatically reduced potency and efficacy as serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists compared to their non-β-keto-substituted counterparts.
Jimmy Hope
James "Old Jimmy" Hope (c. 1836 – June 2, 1905) was a 19th-century American burglar, bank robber and underworld figure in Philadelphia and later New York City. He was considered one of the most successful and sought after bank burglars in the United States during his lifetime as well as a skilled escape artist for his repeated breakouts from Auburn State Prison in New York.

A pioneering career criminal and safe-cracker, he planned and took part in many of the major robberies of the post-American Civil War era including those of the Kensington Savings Bank and, in partnership with Ned Lyons, the Ocean Bank and Philadelphia Navy Yard. He worked with George Leonidas Leslie on the 1869 Ocean National Bank robbery, the 1876 Northampton Bank robbery, and the 1878 Manhattan Savings Institution robbery.

Ned Lyons
Edward Lyons was a New York City gangster in the 19th century. Born in Ireland July 15, 1839, he immigrated to America as a child and settled in Lowell, Massachusetts. A burglar and bank robber, he learned his criminal trade in New York City. He was sentenced to Sing Sing Prison, from which he escaped in 1872 with his wife, Sophie Lyons. After serving multiple prison terms he became a notorious hustler and conman.

Ned learned to understand how people think and react, and although impaired by extreme near-sightedness, he was capable of quickly identifying liars, earning himself a high powered position among the gangs of New York.  Physically, he had a strikingly large head.
2022 Birgunj municipal election
Municipal election for Birgunj took place on 13 May 2022, with all 162 positions up for election across 32 wards. The electorate elected a mayor, a deputy mayor, 32 ward chairs and 128 ward members. An indirect election will also be held to elect five female members and an additional three female members from the Dalit and minority community to the municipal executive.

2022 Nepalese local elections
The 2022 Nepalese local elections were held on 13 May 2022 in 6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities and 460 rural municipalities. These were the second set of local-level elections to be held since the promulgation of the new constitution in 2015. From the local election result Nepali Congress has become  the single largest party of Nepal followed by CPN (UML) and Maoist Centre.
Forlorn hope
A forlorn hope is a band of soldiers or other combatants chosen to take the vanguard in a military operation, such as a suicidal assault through the breach of a defended position, or the first men to climb a scaling ladder against a defended fortification, or a rearguard, to be expended to save a retreating army, where the risk of casualties is high.
Such men were volunteers motivated by the promise of reward or promotion, or men under punishment offered pardon for their offenses, if they survived.

Suicide mission
A suicide mission is a task and/or mission which is so dangerous for the people involved that they are not expected to survive and return, even rendering the person as “expendable” for the mission. The term is sometimes extended to include suicide attacks, such as kamikaze pilots and other suicide bombings, whose perpetrators kill themselves and their opponents or destroy other enemy targets.
MAX Teal
MAX Teal, also known as Route 306 and the South Crosstown BRT, is a bus rapid transit line in Calgary, Alberta. Part of Calgary Transit's MAX network, it connects CTrain stations on the Red and Blue lines to the southwest and southeast quadrants of Calgary.

MAX (Calgary)
MAX is a bus rapid transit network operated by Calgary Transit in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. MAX forms a part of Calgary Transit's rapid transit network, along with the CTrain light rail system.

The MAX system opened in November 2018 with three routes: MAX Orange, MAX Teal, and MAX Purple. The MAX Yellow line opened in December 2019. MAX routes are distinguished from Calgary's existing express bus network, branded as "BRT", by the use of dedicated transitway on three lines, heated shelters, real-time information, and elevated sidewalks.
Monoidal t-norm logic
In mathematical logic, monoidal t-norm based logic (or shortly MTL), the logic of left-continuous t-norms, is one of the t-norm fuzzy logics. It belongs to the broader class of substructural logics, or logics of residuated lattices; it extends the logic of commutative bounded integral residuated lattices (known as Höhle's monoidal logic, Ono's FLew, or intuitionistic logic without contraction) by the axiom of prelinearity.

Residuated lattice
In abstract algebra, a residuated lattice is an algebraic structure that is simultaneously a lattice x ≤ y and a monoid x•y that admits operations x\z and z/y, loosely analogous to division or implication, when x•y is viewed as multiplication or conjunction, respectively.  Called respectively right and left residuals, these operations coincide when the monoid is commutative.  The general concept was introduced by Morgan Ward and Robert P. Dilworth in 1939.  Examples, some of which existed prior to the general concept, include Boolean algebras, Heyting algebras, residuated Boolean algebras, relation algebras, and MV-algebras.  Residuated semilattices omit the meet operation ∧, for example Kleene algebras and action algebras.
2000 Arizona House of Representatives election
The 2000 Arizona House of Representatives election took place on Tuesday, November 7, 2000, with the primary election held on Tuesday, September 12, 2000. Arizona voters elected all 60 members of the Arizona House of Representatives in multi-member districts to serve two-year terms.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Arizona state elections, including U.S. President, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and Arizona Senate.

Following the previous election in 1998, Republicans held a 40-to-20-seat majority over Democrats. Republicans maintained control of the chamber in 2000, though their majority was reduced to 36 seats. At 24 members, Democrats saw a net gain of four seats. The newly elected members served in the 45th Arizona State Legislature, during which Republican Jim Weiers was elected as Speaker of the Arizona House.

2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona
The 2000 congressional elections in Arizona were elections for Arizona's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred along with congressional elections nationwide on November 7, 2000. Arizona has six seats, as apportioned during the 1990 United States census.  Republicans held five seats and Democrats held one seat.
Mayfield Township, Grand Traverse County, Michigan
Mayfield Township is a civil township of Grand Traverse County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,786 at the 2020 census, an increase from 1,550 at the 2010 census.

There is community named Mayfield in Grand Traverse County, located several miles northeast of the township in adjacent Paradise Township.

Paradise Township, Michigan
Paradise Township is a civil township of Grand Traverse County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,952 at the 2020 census, an increase from 4,713 at the 2010 census. The village of Kingsley is located within the township.
Nakindiba Central Forest Reserve
Nakindiba Central Forest Reserve, a protect area located in Wakiso district, is a 142 hectares forest reserve with a boundary length of 7.2 kilometers. It is situated in Central Uganda and is protected by the National Forestry Authority under National Forest and Tree Planting Act.

Wakiso District
Wakiso District is a district in the Central Region of Uganda that partly encircles Kampala, Uganda's capital city. Formed in 2000 out of Mpigi district. The district was created after merging the six major counties of Busiro, Kyaddondo, Entebbe Municipality, Nansana Municipality, Kira Municipality and Makindye-Sabagabo Municipality. The town of Wakiso is the site of the district headquarters. Kira, the country's second largest city and suburb of Kampala, is in the district.

The district was first governed by Eng. Ian Kyeyune who was later succeeded by Dr. Matia Lwanga Bwanika.
East Germany–United States relations
Relations between East Germany and the United States formally began in 1974 until the former's collapse in 1990. The relationship between the two nations was among the most hostile during the Cold War as both sides were mutually suspicious of each other. Both sides conducted routine espionage against each other and conducted prisoner exchanges for their respective citizens which included spies for both the Americans and Soviets.

East Germany maintained extremely close relations with the Soviet Union, the main rival of the United States during this period, and was viewed as a proxy state of the Soviets. The US had better and close relations with West Germany, East Germany's closest rival, which was viewed by East Germany and the Soviets as a proxy state of the US.

East Germany–Soviet Union relations
Throughout their existence East Germany and the Soviet Union maintained close diplomatic relations. The Soviet Union was the chief economic and political sponsor of East Germany (German Democratic Republic, GDR).
Volynskite
Volynskite (Russian: Волынски́т), is a rare hydrothermal mineral of the sulfide class (the matildite group), that forms microscopic grains in related minerals, which in composition is a complex bismuth-silver telluride with the calculated formula AgBiTe2.

Volynskite was first discovered and identified between 1960 and 1965 by Marianna Bezsmertnaya and Lada Soboleva who observed thin sections among closely related tellurides in the territory of the Zod gold deposit.  It was named in honor of the late professor of mineralogy and head of the mineralogy department at the Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements, Igor Volynsky, who had died suddenly in September 1962.: 3

Telluride mineral
A telluride mineral is a mineral that has the telluride anion as a main component.

Tellurides are similar to sulfides and are grouped with them in both the Dana and Strunz mineral classification systems.

Examples include:

altaite

calaverite

coloradoite

empressite

hessite

kostovite

krennerite

melonite

merenskyite

petzite

rickardite

stützite

sylvanite

tellurobismuthite

temagamite

tetradymite

vulcanite
William Russell (bishop of Sodor)
William Russell (died 1374) was a Cistercian prelate who appears to have been a monk at Rushen Abbey on the Isle of Man (Mann), ascending to the rank of abbot there, before his election as Bishop of Mann and Bishop of the Isles (Sodor). After traveling to Continental Europe for confirmation and consecration, avoiding a trip to the metropolitan in Norway, he returned to the Irish Sea as a legal bishop. During his episcopate, he was active in England and oversaw the promulgation of several provincial statutes.

Bishop of the Isles
The Bishop of the Isles or Bishop of Sodor was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of the Isles (or Sodor), one of Scotland's thirteen medieval bishoprics. The bishopric, encompassing both the Hebrides and Mann, probably traces its origins as an ecclesiastical unity to the careers of Olaf, King of the Isles, and Bishop Wimund. Previously, there had been numerous bishoprics and recorded bishoprics include Kingarth, Iona, Skye and Mann. There were very likely numerous others.
Black Sunday (Cypress Hill album)
Black Sunday is the second studio album by American hip hop group Cypress Hill. It was released on July 20, 1993, by Ruffhouse and Columbia Records, and proved as successful as their debut, Cypress Hill. The album debuted at No. 1 on the US Billboard 200, selling 261,000 copies in its first week of sales and became the highest Soundscan recording for a hip hop group at the time. Also, with their previous album, Cypress Hill, still in the charts, they became the first hip hop group ever to have two albums in the Top 10 of the U.S. Billboard 200 at the same time. The album went quadruple platinum in the U.S. with 3.4 million units sold.

Cypress Hill (album)
Cypress Hill is the debut studio album by the American hip hop group Cypress Hill. It was released on August 13, 1991, by Ruffhouse Records and Columbia Records. The recording sessions were held at Image Recording Studios in Los Angeles from August 1990 to May 1991. The album was produced by DJ Muggs. The album was critically and commercially successful and received major airplay on urban and college radio. The album went double platinum in the U.S. with over 2 million units sold. The album is broken down track-by-track by Cypress Hill in Brian Coleman's book Check the Technique, published in 2007.
(251732) 1998 HG49
(251732) 1998 HG49, provisional designation 1998 HG49, is a sub-kilometer asteroid and near-Earth object of the Amor group, approximately 200 meters in diameter. It was discovered on 27 April 1998 by astronomers of the Spacewatch program at the Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona, United States.

Amor asteroid
The Amor asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids named after the archetype object 1221 Amor /ˈeɪmɔːr/. The orbital perihelion of these objects is close to, but greater than, the orbital aphelion of Earth (i.e., the objects do not cross Earth's orbit), with most Amors crossing the orbit of Mars. The Amor asteroid 433 Eros was the first asteroid to be orbited and landed upon by a robotic space probe (NEAR Shoemaker).
2024 PWHL Draft
The 2024 PWHL Draft was the second annual draft in Professional Women's Hockey League history, and took place on June 10, 2024, at the Roy Wilkins Auditorium in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Sarah Fillier was selected first overall by PWHL New York.

PWHL Draft
The PWHL Draft (French: Repêchage de la LPHF) is an annual meeting in which every franchise of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) systematically select the rights to available ice hockey players who meet draft eligibility requirements. The PWHL Draft is held once every year, generally within a month after the conclusion of the previous regular season. During the draft, teams take turns selecting amateur players from collegiate leagues and professional players from European leagues.

The first draft was held in 2023, and has been held every year since.
Map-winged swift
The map-winged swift (Pharmacis fusconebulosa) is a moth belonging to the family Hepialidae and has a patchy distribution throughout Eurasia. The species was first described by Charles De Geer in 1778. It was previously placed in the genus Hepialus and some references still place it there.

Ghost moth
The ghost moth or ghost swift (Hepialus humuli) is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is common throughout Europe, except for the far south-east.

Female ghost moths are larger than males, and exhibit sexual dimorphism with their differences in size and wing color. The adults fly from June to August and are attracted to light. The species overwinters as a larva. The larva is whitish and maggot-like and feeds underground on the roots of a variety of wild and cultivated plants (see list below). The species can be an economically significant pest in forest nurseries.

The term ghost moth is sometimes used as a general term for all hepialids. The ghost moth gets its name from the hovering display flight of the male, sometimes slowly rising and falling, over open ground to attract females. In a suitable location, several males may display together in a lek.
John "Juke" Logan
John Farrell Logan (September 11, 1946 – August 30, 2013), known professionally as John "Juke" Logan, was an American electric blues harmonica player, musician, singer, pianist and songwriter. He is best known for his harmonica playing on the theme music for television programs (Home Improvement and Roseanne) and films (Crossroads and La Bamba). In addition to playing on many other musicians' work, Logan released four solo albums, and wrote songs for Poco, John Mayall and Gary Primich.

John Mayall
John Brumwell Mayall OBE (29 November 1933 – 22 July 2024) was an English blues and rock musician, songwriter and producer. In the 1960s, he formed John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, a band that has counted among its members some of the most famous blues and blues rock musicians of all-time. A singer, guitarist, harmonica player, and keyboardist, he had a career that spanned nearly seven decades, remaining an active musician until his death aged 90. Mayall has often been referred to as the "godfather of the British blues", and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the musical influence category in 2024.
Vinnie Roslin
Vinnie Roslin (1946-2012) was an American bassist who was an original member of Steel Mill, an early  Bruce Springsteen band. Other members of band included three future members of the E Street Band - Vini Lopez, Danny Federici and Steve Van Zandt.

Steven Van Zandt
Steven Van Zandt (né Lento; born November 22, 1950), also known as Little Steven or Miami Steve, is an American musician and actor. He is a member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, in which he plays guitar and mandolin. He has appeared in several television drama series, including as Silvio Dante in The Sopranos (1999–2007) and as Frank Tagliano/Giovanni 'Johnny' Henriksen in Lilyhammer (2012–2014). Van Zandt has his own solo band called Little Steven and the Disciples of Soul, intermittently active since the 1980s.

In 2014, Van Zandt was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band. Van Zandt has produced music, written songs, and had his own songs covered by Springsteen, Meat Loaf, Darlene Love, Ronnie Spector,
Nancy Sinatra, Pearl Jam, Southside Johnny, Artists United Against Apartheid, and the Iron City Houserockers, among others.
Scytodes globula
Scytodes globula, the Chilean tiger spider, is a predatory spider of the family Scytodidae. In Spanish, it is known as araña tigre, or "tiger spider", but is also well known as "long-legged spider" (because of the disproportional size of those members) or "spitting spider" (because of its hunting methods, in which it projects an extremely sticky web which immobilizes its prey). It has achieved fame by being the only natural predator of the extremely common and dangerous Chilean recluse spider (Loxosceles laeta).

Chilean recluse spider
The Chilean recluse spider, Loxosceles laeta, is a highly venomous spider of the family Sicariidae. In Spanish, it (and other South American recluse spiders) is known as araña de rincón, or "corner spider"; in Brazilian Portuguese, as aranha-marrom or "brown spider". It is considered by many to be the most dangerous of recluse spiders, and its bites often result in serious systemic reactions, up to and including death.
Anastasia Bliznyuk
Anastasia Ilyinichna Bliznyuk (Russian: Анастасия Ильинична Близнюк, IPA: [ɐnəstɐˈsʲijə blʲɪˈzʲnʲuk]; born 28 June 1994) is a Russian rhythmic gymnast and coach. She is a two-time Group All-around champion at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics, silver medalist at the 2020 Olympics, world champion at the 2017 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, bronze medalist at the 2013 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, and three-time European champion at the 2012, 2016 and 2018 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships. She is the third group rhythmic gymnast to win two gold medals in the Olympic Games after the late Natalia Lavrova and Yelena Posevina, and the only rhythmic gymnast to win three medals in the Olympic Games.

Natalia Lavrova
Natalia Aleksandrovna Lavrova (Russian: Наталья Александровна Лаврова, 4 August 1984 – 23 April 2010) was a dual Olympic gold medalist. Lavrova was the first group rhythmic gymnast to win two gold medals in the rhythmic gymnastics group event at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics.