hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaoming, Foshan
Gaoming is an urban district of Foshan, Guangdong, China. Gaoming is located west of downtown Foshan and had a population of 469,038 during the 2020 census. It covers an area of 967.4 km2 (373.5 sq mi).

Foshan
Foshan (UK: /foʊˈʃæn/, US also /-ˈʃɑːn/; Chinese: 佛山) or Fatshan (also Fatsan, Jyutping: Fat6saan1) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong Province, China. The entire prefecture covers 3,848 km2 (1,486 sq mi) and had a population of 9,498,863 as of the 2020 census. The city is part of the western side of the Pearl River Delta megalopolis, a conurbation housing 86,100,000 inhabitants, making it the biggest urban area of the world.

Foshan is regarded as the home of Cantonese opera, a genre of Chinese opera; Nanquan, a martial art; and lion dancing.
Dresbach, Minnesota
Dresbach (/ˈdʒrɛsbɑːk/ DRESS-bahk) is an unincorporated community in Dresbach Township, Winona County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located on the west side of the Mississippi River along Interstate 90 between Winona and La Crosse.  U.S. Highways 61 and 14 are briefly co-signed with Interstate 90 at this point.

Dresbach is located along the Mississippi River.  Nearby places include Winona, Dakota, Nodine, La Crescent, La Crosse, Onalaska, and Great River Bluffs State Park.  Local businesses include the Dresbach travel information center, and Lock and Dam No. 7 on the Mississippi River.

Winona, Minnesota
Winona (/wɪnˈoʊnə/ win-OH-nə) is a city in and the county seat of Winona County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 25,948 at the 2020 census.  Located in bluff country, otherwise known as the Driftless Area on the Mississippi River, its most noticeable physical landmark is Sugar Loaf. Winona is known as the home of Winona State University, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, and the Minnesota Marine Art Museum.
Robert F. Rockwell
Robert Fay Rockwell (February 11, 1886 – September 29, 1950) was a U.S. representative from Colorado for four terms from 1941 to 1949. He served in the Colorado Senate and House of Representatives. He was also Lieutenant Governor of Colorado. He was a cattle rancher in western Colorado.

Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
Room Hire v Jeppe Street Mansions
Room Hire Co (Pty) Ltd v Jeppe Street Mansions (Pty) Ltd is an important case in South African law: the leading case, indeed, on disputes of fact. It was heard in the Transvaal Provincial Division on April 28 and 29, 1949, with judgement on July 15. Murray AJP, Ramsbottom J and Blackwell J presided. A. Shacksonvis KC (with him A. Mendelow) appeared for the appellant, and A. Suzman KC (with him MJ Hart) for the respondent. The appellant's attorneys were Schwartz & Goldblatt; the respondent's were Podlashuc, Meintjes, Liebson & Klagsbrun.

The case was an appeal from a decision in the Witwatersrand Local Division by Neser J. Its significance lies in the area of civil procedure, with its determination that the court in application proceedings, where a material fact arises which cannot be resolved by viva voce evidence, may either direct the parties to trial or dismiss the application with costs.

Motion (legal)
In United States law, a motion is a procedural device to bring a limited, contested issue before a court for decision. It is a request to the judge (or judges) to make a decision about the case. Motions may be made at any point in administrative, criminal or civil proceedings, although that right is regulated by court rules which vary from place to place. The party requesting the motion is the moving party or movant. The party opposing the motion is the nonmoving party or nonmovant.
Per Günther
Per Günther (born 5 February 1988) is a German former basketball player. He saw action in 500 games of the Basketball Bundesliga for Ratiopharm Ulm. He also competed with the German national basketball team at the 2010 FIBA World Championship. Günther is known as one of the best domestic players in Germany of his time, as he has played in eight BBL All-Star Games.

BBL All-Star Game
The BBL All-Star Game is the annual All-Star Game of the German first-division basketball league, the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL). The event is based on the original NBA concept and includes a slam dunk contest and a three-point shootout. Since 2012, the All-Star Game has been played between "Team National" (domestic players) and "Team International" (foreign players).
William Ernst Ehrich
William Ernst Ehrich (12 July 1897 Königsberg, East Prussia – 10 August 1960 Rochester, New York) was an American sculptor, ceramicist, public monument artist, educator, and Work Progress Administration (WPA) supervisor.

Ehrich created decorative art work at the Buffalo Zoo and Buffalo City Hall.  An exhibiting and award-winning regional artist, Ehrich later moved to Rochester to teach sculpture at the Memorial Art Gallery and the University of Rochester until his death in 1960.

Ehrich was noted by Harold Olmsted of the Albright-Knox Gallery’ for “attain[ing] a modest national reputation for his figurative sculpture…”.

Buffalo Zoo
Founded in 1875, the Buffalo Zoo, located at 300 Parkside Ave in Buffalo, New York, is the seventh oldest zoo in the United States. Each year, the Buffalo Zoo welcomes approximately 400,000 visitors and is the second largest tourist attraction in Western New York; second only to Niagara Falls. Located on 23.5 acres (9.5 ha) of Buffalo's Delaware Park, the zoo exhibits a diverse collection of wild and exotic animals, and more than 320 different species of plants. The zoo is open year-round.
Gavin Smith (racing driver)
Gavin Smith (born 15 September 1977) is an Irish racing driver. His younger brother, Árón Taylor-Smith, is also a racing driver who races in the British GT Championship, and formerly the British Touring Car Championship.

British Touring Car Championship
The British Touring Car Championship (BTCC), officially known as the Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship for sponsorship reasons, is a touring car racing series held each year in the United Kingdom, currently organised and administered by TOCA. It was established in 1958 as the British Saloon Car Championship and was renamed as the British Touring Car Championship for the 1987 season. It is one of the oldest, most popular and most prestigious touring car series in the world. The championship, currently running Next Generation Touring Car regulations, has been run to various national and international regulations over the years including FIA Group 2, FIA Group 5, FIA Group 1, FIA Group A, FIA Super Touring and FIA Super 2000. A lower-key Group N class for production cars ran from 2000 until 2003.
Disco Inferno (wrestler)
Glenn Gilbertti (born November 12, 1967) is an American professional wrestler, writer and booker, best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling as Disco Inferno (briefly changed to Disqo) from 1995 to 2001.

During his six-year tenure with WCW, Gilbertti became a one-time Cruiserweight Champion, a two-time Television Champion and a one-time Tag Team Champion with Alex Wright.

In addition to his in-ring professional wrestling career, Gilbertti has also been a writer and booker for WCW and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling.

WCW World Tag Team Championship
The WCW World Tag Team Championship, originally known as the NWA World Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic version), was a professional wrestling world tag team championship in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and later the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It was the original world tag team title of WCW that existed from 1975 under the Jim Crockett Promotions banner until its closure in 2001.

After the acquisition of WCW's assets by the WWF in March 2001, it became one of two tag team titles in the WWF, with its name being immediately abbreviated to the WCW Tag Team Championship. It continued to complement the then-WWF Tag Team Championship until November 2001, when both titles were unified.
Kōtama Okada
Kōtama Okada (岡田 光玉; birth name: Yoshikazu Okada 岡田 良一; born February 27, 1901, Minato, Tokyo; died June 23, 1974) was the founder of the Mahikari new religious movement (shinshūkyō) in Japan. Today, both Sukyo Mahikari and World Divine Light recognize him as the founder of their religions.

Japanese new religions
Japanese new religions are new religious movements established in Japan. In Japanese, they are called shinshūkyō (新宗教) or shinkō shūkyō (新興宗教). Japanese scholars classify all religious organizations founded since the middle of the 19th century as "new religions"; thus, the term refers to a great diversity and number of organizations. Most came into being in the mid-to-late twentieth century and are influenced by much older traditional religions including Buddhism and Shinto. Foreign influences include Islam and  Christianity, the Bible, and the writings of Nostradamus.
Sara Champion
Sara Champion (nee Hermon) (11 November 1946 – 14 May 2000) was a British archaeologist with an interest in the European Iron Age and the role and visibility of women working in archaeology. She was editor of PAST, the newsletter of The Prehistoric Society from 1997 until her death in 2000. The Prehistoric Society hosts an annual Sara Champion Memorial Lecture.

The Prehistoric Society
The Prehistoric Society is a British learned society devoted to the study of the human past from the earliest times until the emergence of written history.

Now based at University College London in the United Kingdom, it was founded by V. Gordon Childe, Stuart Piggott and Grahame Clark in 1935 but also traces its founding to the earlier Prehistoric Society of East Anglia which began in 1908. The society is a registered charity under English law.

Membership is by subscription and includes the annual journal, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, which continues Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia (1911-1934), and bulletins from the newsletter, PAST, which is published in April, July and November. It also organises regular conferences, lectures and other events and makes grants for archaeological research.
H-cobordism
In geometric topology and differential topology, an (n + 1)-dimensional cobordism W between n-dimensional manifolds M and N is an h-cobordism (the h stands for homotopy equivalence) if the inclusion maps

are homotopy equivalences.

The h-cobordism theorem gives sufficient conditions for an h-cobordism to be trivial, i.e., to be C-isomorphic to the cylinder M × [0, 1]. Here C refers to any of the categories of smooth, piecewise linear, or topological manifolds.

The theorem was first proved by Stephen Smale for which he received the Fields Medal and is a fundamental result in the theory of high-dimensional manifolds. For a start, it almost immediately proves the generalized Poincaré conjecture.

Topological manifold
In topology, a topological manifold is a topological space that locally resembles real n-dimensional Euclidean space. Topological manifolds are an important class of topological spaces, with applications throughout mathematics. All manifolds are topological manifolds by definition. Other types of manifolds are formed by adding structure to a topological manifold (e.g. differentiable manifolds are topological manifolds equipped with a differential structure). Every manifold has an "underlying" topological manifold, obtained by simply "forgetting" the added structure. However, not every topological manifold can be endowed with a particular additional structure. For example, the E8 manifold is a topological manifold which cannot be endowed with a differentiable structure.
Katghar railway station
Katghar Railway Station is located in Moradabad city of Uttar Pradesh. It lies on Lucknow–Moradabad line. It is about 4 km from Moradabad railway station which is the major railway station nearby to it.

Moradabad Junction railway station
Moradabad railway station is located in Moradabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and serves Moradabad, which is known for its brassware industries. Moradabad is a major railway station of Western Uttar Pradesh and is located just 157 kilometres (98 mi) from national capital New Delhi. Moradabad also has the divisional headquarters of the Northern Railway. Rajdhani, Shatabdi, Garib Rath Express, Double Decker Express and many Superfast Express trains pass through and stop at Moradabad Junction.
Waisake Naholo
Waisake Ratunideuba Naholo (born 8 May 1991 Sigatoka, Fiji) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. He previously played for the All Blacks Sevens and on the wing (and occasionally centre) position for London Irish.

Naholo made his test debut for the All Blacks in 2015 and was a member of the 2015 Rugby World Cup-winning team.

A former New Zealand under-20 rep, Naholo has played in five Sevens World Series tournaments, and featured in Gordon Tietjens' squad which won the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens. Naholo earned himself a Blues contract after a superb ITM Cup season in 2012. Starting on the wing, he became a regular try-scoring threat. At provincial level, he began his career with Wanganui before making the switch to Taranaki in 2011. He was also part of the Highlanders team that won the 2015 Super Rugby title.

New Zealand national under-20 rugby union team
The New Zealand national under-20 rugby union team, nicknamed the Baby Blacks, is the representative rugby union team from New Zealand. It replaced the two former age grade teams, the under-19s and the under-21s. Their first tournament was the 2008 IRB Junior World Championship, which they won after defeating England (38–3) in the final. They have gone on to also win the World Rugby Under 20 Championship in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2015 and 2017. The New Zealand under-20s have been nicknamed the "Baby Blacks" after the youthful All Blacks side which played in 1986.
Bess Bower Dunn Museum
Bess Bower Dunn Museum, formerly known as the Lake County Discovery Museum, is an interactive museum of history, art, and popular culture located in Libertyville, Illinois. The museum was established in 1976 in Wauconda, IL and sited in Lakewood Forest Preserve as part of the larger Lake County Forest Preserve District. It was later moved to Libertyville, IL and renamed the Bess Bower Dunn Museum. The museum is dedicated to sharing the entwined stories of people, events and nature through exhibitions, education and community engagement in Lake County, Illinois.

Libertyville, Illinois
Libertyville is a village in Libertyville Township, Lake County, Illinois, United States. It is located 5 miles (8 km) west of Lake Michigan, approximately 40 miles north of the Chicago Loop. As such, it is part of the United States Census Bureau's Chicago combined statistical area (CSA). It is bordered by Gages Lake and Gurnee to the north, Vernon Hills to the south, Mundelein to the west, and Grayslake to the northwest.  The eastern portions of the village border Mettawa, unincorporated Waukegan and Lake Forest, and part of Knollwood CDP. Its 2020 census population was 20,579.
Herman Francis Mark
Herman Francis Mark (born Hermann Franz Mark; May 3, 1895, Vienna – April 6, 1992, Austin, Texas) was an Austrian-American chemist regarded for his contributions to the development of polymer science.  Mark's X-ray diffraction work on the molecular structure of fibers provided important evidence for the macromolecular theory of polymer structure.  Together with Houwink he formulated an equation, now called the Mark–Houwink or Mark–Houwink–Sakurada equation, describing the dependence of the intrinsic viscosity of a polymer on its relative molecular mass (molecular weight). He was a long-time faculty at Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. In 1946, he established the Journal of Polymer Science.

Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a "molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass." Polymers are physical examples of macromolecules. Common macromolecules are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates), polyolefins (polyethylene) and polyamides (nylon).
Švajcarnica
Švajcarnica (Hungarian: Őrhely, Serbian Cyrillic: Швајцарница) is a settlement in the region of Baranja, Croatia. Administratively, it is located in the Darda municipality within the Osijek-Baranja County. Population is 196 people (2011 census).

Baranya (region)
Baranya or Baranja (Croatian: Baranja, pronounced [bǎraɲa]; Hungarian: Baranya, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ]) is a geographical and historical region between the Danube and the Drava rivers located in the Pannonian Plain. Its territory is divided between Hungary and Croatia. In Hungary, the region is included in Baranya county, while in Croatia, it is part of Osijek-Baranja county.
Mike Anderson (running back)
Michael Moschello Anderson (born September 21, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Utah Utes and was selected by the Denver Broncos in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL draft. He played five seasons with the Broncos, being named the AP NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year in 2000. After being waived by the Broncos in 2006, Anderson signed a four-year contract with the Baltimore Ravens; however, he played just two seasons with the Ravens before his contract was terminated in 2008, effectively ending his NFL career.

Prior to his football career, Anderson served four years in the United States Marine Corps, enlisting out of high school. He was assigned to the artillery battery of the 11th Marine Regiment and deployed overseas to Somalia and Kenya on peacekeeping missions. He was honorably discharged from the Marines in 1996 as a lance corporal.

11th Marine Regiment
The 11th Marine Regiment is an artillery regiment of the United States Marine Corps based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California.  Known as the "Cannon Cockers", the regiment falls under the command of the 1st Marine Division and the I Marine Expeditionary Force. Its primary weapon system is the M777A2 howitzer with a maximum effective range of 30 km, however the 5th Battalion has converted to fire the HIMARS (High Mobility Artillery Rocket System) weapon system.
Tetragnatha praedonia
Tetragnatha praedonia is a species of spider in the long-jawed orb weaver family Tetragnathidae. It is widely distributed across East Asia, including Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Laos.

Long-jawed orb weaver
Long-jawed orb weavers or long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866. They have elongated bodies, legs, and chelicerae, and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-set radii and spirals with no signal line or retreat. Some species are often found in long vegetation near water.
Hoshina clan
The Hoshina clan (保科氏, Hoshina-shi) is a Japanese clan which claims descent from Emperor Seiwa, and is a branch of the Minamoto clan. They were famous for their role as retainers of the Takeda clan in the 16th century. In the Edo period, the clan produced two daimyō families: one ruling the Aizu domain, the other one ruling the Iino Domain. The Aizu-Matsudaira were descended from Hoshina Masayuki, a son of Tokugawa Hidetada, adopted by Hoshina Masamitsu.

Matsudaira Katamori and Hoshina Masaari, two prominent figures of the Bakumatsu period, were members of the Hoshina clan.

Hoshina Masayuki
Hoshina Masayuki (保科 正之, June 17, 1611 – February 4, 1673) was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period, who was the founder of what became the Matsudaira house of Aizu. He was an important figure in the politics and philosophy of the early Tokugawa shogunate.
Healthcare reform in the United States
Healthcare reform in the United States is the comprehensive change in the law and conduct of the healthcare system in the United States. Reforms have often been proposed but have rarely been accomplished. In 2010, landmark reform was passed through two federal statutes: the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), signed March 23, 2010, and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (H.R. 4872), which amended the PPACA and became law on March 30, 2010.

Future reforms of the American health care system continue to be proposed, with notable proposals including a single-payer system and a reduction in fee-for-service medical care. The PPACA includes a new agency, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMS Innovation Center), which is intended to research reform ideas through pilot projects.

Fee-for-service
Fee-for-service (FFS) is a payment model where a service provider is paid for each service rendered, regardless of the outcome. It is most frequently discussed in the context of physician payment models, but may also apply to patents and real estate.
Sack of Kiev (1169)
The sack of Kiev took place on 8–12 March 1169 when a coalition of 11 princes, assembled by prince Andrey Bogolyubsky of Vladimir-Suzdal, attacked the Kievan Rus' capital city of Kiev (modern Kyiv) during the 1167–1169 Kievan succession crisis. The conflict, caused by the death of grand prince Rostislav I of Kiev, was between rival branches of the Monomakhovichi clan: the Iziaslavichi of Volhynia (senior Mstislavichi; in control of Kiev, Novgorod, Volynia and Halych) on the one hand, and the Rostislavichi of Smolensk (junior Mstislavichi), the Yurievichi (controlling Suzdalia and Pereyaslavl), and the Olgovichi of Chernigov on the other. Prince Mstislav II of Kiev sought to defend Kiev against the Rostislavichi–Yurievichi–Olgovichi coalition.

Rostislav I of Kiev
Rostislav I Mstislavich (c. 1110 – 1167) was Prince of Smolensk (1125–1160), Novgorod (1154) and Grand Prince of Kiev (1154–1155; 1159–1161; 1161–1167). He is the founder of the Rostislavichi branch of Rurikid princes in Smolensk. He was the son of Mstislav I of Kiev and Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden.
Francisco Varela (footballer, born 1994)
Francisco Miguel Varela Martín (born 26 October 1994) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a left back for Segunda Federación club Melilla.

Formed at Betis, where he made 14 La Liga appearances, he played 71 games and scored two goals in Segunda División for that team, Oviedo and Rayo Majadahonda. He also had a brief spell in the Portuguese Primeira Liga with Belenenses SAD.

Real Betis
Real Betis Balompié, S.A.D., known as Real Betis (pronounced [reˈal ˈβetis]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. It plays in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football. It currently plays home games at the 70,000-seat Estadio de La Cartuja.

Real Betis won the league title in 1935 and the Copa del Rey in 1977, 2005 and 2022. Given the club's tumultuous history and many relegations, its motto is ¡Viva el Betis manque pierda! (Long live Betis even though they lose!).