hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leo Gullotta
Salvatore Leopoldo "Leo" Gullotta (born 9 January 1946) is an Italian actor, voice actor, comedian and writer. He became known for his role in Café Express (1980), and has won several David di Donatello awards, the first one being for his role in Giuseppe Tornatore's The Professor (1986).

Giuseppe Tornatore
Giuseppe Tornatore (born 27 May 1956) is an Italian film director and screenwriter. He is considered one of the directors who brought critical acclaim back to Italian cinema. In a career spanning over 30 years he is best known for directing and writing drama films such as Everybody's Fine, The Legend of 1900, Malèna, Baarìa and The Best Offer. His most noted film is Cinema Paradiso, for which Tornatore won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He has also directed several advertising campaigns for Dolce & Gabbana.

Tornatore is also known for his long-standing association with composer Ennio Morricone, who composed music for thirteen Tornatore feature films since 1988.
Marty Bohen
Martin Joseph Bohen (born 1942) is an American professional golfer. Bohen turned professional in 1965 and tried out unsuccessfully for the PGA Tour several times during the 1960s. In the interim, he worked as a blackjack dealer in Las Vegas and honed his game with instructor Toney Penna. He eventually made it onto the PGA Tour and played on tour for three seasons. For the remainder of his career as a touring professional, he played in the Asia-Pacific region, culminating with a win at the 1979 Tasmanian Open. In 1980, Bohen took a job as assistant professional at Spook Rock Golf Club in New York state. Bohen has primarily worked as a club pro since then.

Toney Penna
Toney G. Penna (January 15, 1908 – August 6, 1995) was an Italian-American professional golfer and designer of golf clubs and gear.  He won four events on the PGA Tour between 1937 and 1947. He introduced new lines of golf clubs and was the holder of four patents for golf clubs. Many of these clubs are considered collector's items: some are still in production. He also introduced the use of color to both clubs and to golf accessories, such as carrying bags.
Still Reading Khan
Still Reading Khan is a 2006 biographical book that was written by the Indian author and journalist Mushtaq Shiekh, chronicling the life of the actor Shah Rukh Khan. The book describes his birth in 1965 in New Delhi, his marriage to Gauri Chibber in 1991, with whom he has two children, and his sixteen-year-long career as an actor, film producer, and television presenter.

Gauri Khan
Gauri Shahrukh Khan (née Chhibber; born 8 October 1970) is an Indian film producer and Interior designer. She has produced several Hindi films, including Main Hoon Na, Om Shanti Om, Ra.One, and Chennai Express, through Red Chillies Entertainment, a company she co-founded with actor Shah Rukh Khan in 2002.

In 2013, Khan launched Gauri Khan Designs, an interior design studio that has completed projects for several residential and commercial clients, including public figures. She opened an "Experience Centre" in Delhi in 2025 to showcase design work. Media reports note that her design fees for residential projects range from ₹30 lakh to over ₹5 crore. In 2018, Khan was included in Fortune magazine's "50 Most Powerful Women".
Aramaism
An Aramaism, less commonly referred to as an Arameanism, an Aramaicism or an Aramism, is a word, expression, phrase, or linguistic feature that originates from Aramaic (one of the Northwest Semitic languages) and appears in another language (particularly Hebrew or Arabic) as a result of historical contact. Aramaisms are a subset of Semitisms, a broader category encompassing elements borrowed from any Semitic language.

Semitism (linguistics)
In linguistics, a Semitism or Semiticism is a grammatical, syntactical, lexical, or idiomatic feature in a language that reveals influence from a Semitic language such as Aramaic, Hebrew or Arabic. One of the most commonly studied examples is the influence of Aramaic on some texts written in Jewish Koine Greek.
Jockgrim station
Jockgrim station is the only station in the town of Jockgrim in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Deutsche Bahn classifies it as a category 6 station and it has two platform tracks. It is located on the network of the Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund (Karlsruhe Transport Association, KVV) and belongs to fare zone 555. Since 2001, the station has also been part of the area where the fares of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (Rhine-Neckar Transport Association, VRN) are accepted at a transitional rate. Its address is Am Bahnhof 1.

It is located on the Schifferstadt–Wörth railway and was opened on 25 July 1876 with the commissioning of the Germersheim–Wörth section of that railway. It is now classified as a Haltepunkt (halt). Since late 2010, it has been part of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn.  Its former entrance building is heritage-listed.

Wörth (Rhein) station
Wörth (Rhein) station—originally Wörth (Pfalz)—is the most important station of the town of Wörth am Rhein in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Deutsche Bahn classifies it as a category 5 station and it has five platforms. The station is located in the area of the Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund (Karlsruhe transport association, KVV) and it belongs to fare zone 540. Since 2001, Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (VRN) tickets are also accepted for travel to or from the VRN area. The address of the station is Bahnhofstraße 44.

It was opened on 15 March 1864 as a through station on the branch of the Maximilian Railway from Winden to Maximiliansau. The gap to Karlsruhe was closed a year later. The extension of the Schifferstadt–Gemersheim railway and its continuation to Strasbourg turned it into a junction station on 15 May 1876. A branch of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn was built through the residential area of Dorschberg in 1997. Its entrance building is under heritage protection.
History of women's rugby union matches between Australia and New Zealand
Australia women and New Zealand women have played each other 29 times, with the Black Ferns winning every match between the two teams. They played their inaugural test match on the 2nd of September 1994 in Sydney, Australia. It was the Wallaroos first test and the Black Ferns fourth, with the latter winning that encounter (37–0). They have competed for the Laurie O'Reilly Cup since its inception in 1994 with the Black Ferns winning all 25 games. They have met at the Rugby World Cup on three separate occasions in 2002, 2010, and at the delayed 2021 tournament hosted by New Zealand.

Laurie O'Reilly Cup
The Laurie O'Reilly Cup is the trophy competed for by the women's rugby union teams of Australia and New Zealand. The two nations met annually between 1994 and 1998, with New Zealand winning all games, often by significant margins, as a result of which the series fell into abeyance, but was revived in 2007.
1943 Buckingham by-election
The 1943 Buckingham by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 4 August 1943 for the UK House of Commons constituency of Buckingham in Buckinghamshire.

The by-election was held to fill the vacancy caused when the town's 45-year-old Conservative Party Member of Parliament Brigadier John Whiteley was killed in a plane crash in Gibraltar, along with another Conservative member, Victor Cazalet, and General Sikorski, the leader of the Polish government-in-exile. Whiteley had held the seat since a by-election in 1937.

Buckingham (UK Parliament constituency)
Buckingham (/ˈbʌkɪŋəm/) was a constituency that existed from 1542 to 2024 and was last represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Greg Smith, a Conservative.

The seat was abolished for the 2024 general election and largely replaced by the new constituencies Buckingham and Bletchley and Mid Buckinghamshire, with some areas transferred to Aylesbury.
Pudgalavada
The Pudgalavāda (Sanskrit: "Personalism"; Pali: Puggalavāda; Chinese: 補特伽羅論者; pinyin: Bǔtèjiāluō Lùnzhě; Vietnamese: Bổ-đặc-già-la Luận giả) was a Buddhist philosophical view and also refers to a group of Nikāya Buddhist schools (mainly known as Vātsīputrīyas) that arose from the Sthavira Nikāya. The school is believed to have been founded by the elder Vātsīputra in the third century BCE. They were a widely influential school in India and became particularly popular during the reign of emperor Harshavadana (606–647 CE). Harsha's sister Rajyasri was said to have joined the school as a nun. According to Dan Lusthaus, they were "one of the most popular mainstream Buddhist sects in India for more than a thousand years".

Nikaya Buddhism
The term Nikāya Buddhism was coined by Masatoshi Nagatomi as a non-derogatory substitute for Hinayana, meaning the early Buddhist schools. Examples of these groups are pre-sectarian Buddhism and the early Buddhist schools. Some scholars exclude pre-sectarian Buddhism when using the term. The term Theravāda refers to Buddhist practices based on these early teachings, as preserved in the Pāli Canon.
Synthetoceratinae
Synthetoceratinae is an extinct subfamily of Protoceratidae, deer-like herbivorous mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla. They were endemic to North America during the Miocene epoch, living 23.03—3.9 Ma, existing for approximately 19.13 million years.

Protoceratidae
Protoceratidae is an extinct family of herbivorous North American artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) that lived during the Eocene through Pliocene. While early members of the group were hornless, in later members males developed elaborate cranial ornamentation. They are variously allied with Ruminantia or Tylopoda.
Stanisław Jaśkowski
Stanisław Jaśkowski (Polish pronunciation: [staˈɲsvaf jaɕˈkɔfskʲi]; 22 April 1906, in Warsaw – 16 November 1965, in Warsaw) was a Polish logician who made important contributions to proof theory and formal semantics. He was a student of Jan Łukasiewicz and a member of the Lwów–Warsaw School of Logic. He is regarded as one of the founders of natural deduction, which he discovered independently of Gerhard Gentzen in the 1930s. He is also known for his research into paraconsistent logic. He was the President (rector) of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń.

Jan Łukasiewicz
Jan Łukasiewicz (Polish: [ˈjan wukaˈɕɛvit͡ʂ] ⓘ; 21 December 1878 – 13 February 1956) was a Polish logician and philosopher who is best known for Polish notation and Łukasiewicz logic.  His work centred on philosophical logic, mathematical logic and history of logic.  He thought innovatively about traditional propositional logic, the principle of non-contradiction and the law of excluded middle, offering one of the earliest systems of many-valued logic. Contemporary research on Aristotelian logic also builds on innovative works by Łukasiewicz, which applied methods from modern logic to the formalization of Aristotle's syllogistic.

The Łukasiewicz approach was reinvigorated in the early 1970s in a series of papers by John Corcoran and Timothy Smiley that inform modern translations of Prior Analytics by Robin Smith in 1989 and Gisela Striker in 2009. Łukasiewicz is regarded as one of the most important historians of logic.
1953 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1953 Davis Cup.

24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Belgium defeated Denmark in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

1953 Davis Cup
The 1953 Davis Cup was the 42nd edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 24 teams entered the Europe Zone, 6 teams entered the America Zone, and India was the sole competitor in the Eastern Zone. This year saw the first appearances in the competition of both Ceylon and a team representing the West Indies. For the first time play took place on the African continent, when the first-round Europe Zone tie between Egypt and Austria was held in Cairo.

The United States defeated Canada in the America Zone final, and Belgium defeated Denmark in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Belgium defeated India in the semifinal, and then lost to the United States in the final. In the Challenge Round the United States were defeated by the defending champions Australia. The final was played at Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne, Australia on 28–31 December.
African burial grounds and historic African American cemeteries of Richmond, Virginia
The historic city of Richmond, Virginia has two African Burial Grounds, the Shockoe Bottom African Burial Ground (active 1799–1816), and the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground (active 1816–1879). The city is also home to several other important and historic African American cemeteries, as well as a few lesser known, long hidden, unrecognizable or forgotten places of interment such as the Old Baptist Church Burying Ground

Shockoe Bottom African Burial Ground
37°32′14.6″N 77°25′39.0″W﻿ / ﻿37.537389°N 77.427500°W﻿ / 37.537389; -77.427500

The Shockoe Bottom African Burial Ground, known historically as the "Burial Ground for Negroes" and the "old Powder Magazine ground", is the older of two municipal burial grounds established for the interment of free people of color and the enslaved in the city of Richmond, Virginia. It is located at 1554 E Broad St. (alternate address 1520 E Marshall St.), across from the site of Lumpkin's Jail, in Shockoe Bottom. The area now known as Shockoe Bottom, was historically known as Shockoe Valley. Richmond's second African Burial Ground, called the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground is the larger of the two burial grounds, and is located a mile and a half away at 1305 N 5th St, on Shockoe Hill.
Okafo
Igwe Okafo Audio file "Ig-Igwe Okafo.ogg" not found (born 1830–1891) was the 16th Obi of Otolo and Igwe of Nnewi kingdom. He was the traditional supreme ruler and spiritual leader in Nnewi, an Igbo city in Nigeria. He is a member of the Nnofo Royal lineage and the successor to his father Eze Ukwu.

Igwe of Nnewi kingdom
The Nnewi Kingdom is an Igbo Nigerian traditional state with a tetrarchy system in Nnewi, Anambra State. Led by the ruling Nnofo dynasty, the kingdom's traditional ruler is known as the Igwe, a inherited position via patrilineal primogeniture privilege. Despite playing no formal role in the governance of Anambra State, the Nnewi dynasty have legal recognition under the Nigerian chieftaincy system, giving the Igwe, and other members of the royal family, prestigious and representational significance in Nnewi. The Igwe's authority is most pronounced in the quarter of Otolo, as Uruagu, Umudim and Nnewichi have their own, largely autonomous, Obis.

There have been 20 Nnewi monarchs, beginning with Chief Mmaku in 1498. The present reigning monarch is Igwe Orizu III.
Rue Neuve, Brussels
The Rue Neuve (French, pronounced [ʁy nœv]) or Nieuwstraat (Dutch, pronounced [ˈniustraːt]), meaning "New Street", is a pedestrian street in central Brussels, Belgium. It runs between the Place de la Monnaie/Muntplein and the Rue du Fossé aux Loups/Wolvengracht to the south and the Place Charles Rogier/Karel Rogierplein and the Boulevard du Jardin botanique/Kruidtuinlaan to the north.

The Rue Neuve and its close surroundings are the second most popular shopping area in Belgium by number of shoppers, after Meir in Antwerp. It is served by the metro and premetro (underground tram) stations De Brouckère (on lines 1, 4, 5 and 10) and Rogier (on lines 2, 4, 6 and 10).

Meir, Antwerp
Meir is the main shopping street in Antwerp, Belgium. It is the most important shopping area in the country, both by number of shoppers and by rent prices. The street has been mostly pedestrianised since 1993 and is said to be the Belgian equivalent to New York's 5th Avenue.

In the centre of Antwerp, Meir connects the Antwerp City Hall with the trains at Antwerp Central Station.

Between 2002 and 2004, it was the most expensive shopping street in the Benelux. Since the opening of the historic Stadsfeestzaal shopping centre in 2007, Meir regained that position. It has the highest rents of any street in Belgium, at 1,700 €/square metre/year.

The name comes from the old Dutch word "meere" (lake). Meir used to be a so-called "wood lake" (houtmeer), where wood destined for use in furniture would be kept wet for a time.
Whorton v. Bockting
Whorton v. Bockting, 549 U.S. 406 (2007), was a United States Supreme Court case about the application of the Confrontation Clause and whether Crawford v. Washington (2006) applied retroactively. Justice Samuel Alito, writing for a unanimous Court, ruled that Crawford did not apply retroactively.

Crawford v. Washington
Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004), is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision that reformulated the standard for determining when the admission of hearsay statements in criminal cases is permitted under the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment. The Court held that prior testimonial statements of witnesses who have since become unavailable may not be admitted without cross-examination.
Outline of parapsychology
Parapsychology is a field of research that studies a number of ostensible paranormal phenomena, including telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, near-death experiences, reincarnation, and apparitional experiences.

Apparitional experience
In parapsychology, an apparitional experience is an anomalous experience characterized by the apparent perception of either a living being or an inanimate object without there being any material stimulus for such a perception.

In academic discussion, the term "apparitional experience" is preferred to the term "ghost" because:

The term ghost implies that some element of the human being survives death and, at least under certain circumstances, can make itself perceptible to living human beings. There are other competing explanations of apparitional experiences.

Firsthand accounts of apparitional experiences differ in many respects from their fictional counterparts in literary or traditional ghost stories and films (see below).

The content of apparitional experiences includes living beings, both human and animal, and even inanimate objects.
1965 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1965 Davis Cup.

9 teams entered the Eastern Zone, competing across 2 sub-zones. The winner of each sub-zone would play against each other to determine who would compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Europe Zone.

Japan defeated South Korea in the Zone A final, and India defeated South Vietnam in the Zone B final. In the Inter-Zonal final India defeated Japan and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

1965 Davis Cup
The 1965 Davis Cup was the 54th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 31 teams entered the Europe Zone, 9 teams entered the Eastern Zone, and 5 teams entered the America Zone.

The United States defeated Mexico in the America Zone final, India defeated Japan in the Eastern Inter-Zonal final, and Spain defeated South Africa in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Spain defeated the United States in the semifinal, and then defeated India in the final. Spain were then defeated by the defending champions Australia in the Challenge Round. The final was played at White City Stadium in Sydney, Australia on 27–29 December.
Thiel Capital
Thiel Capital is an American company described as a family office, venture capital firm or an investment firm, founded by Peter Thiel. In a 2023 article, Barron's described Thiel Capital as the venture capital arm of Thiel's family trust office Rivendell Trust. It was formed in 2011 and is based in Los Angeles. 
Thiel Capital provides "strategic and operational support" for many of Peter Thiel's initiatives and ventures. Thiel Capital has incubated several major investment firms—Founders Fund, Mithril, and Valar Ventures—as well as other business and philanthropic initiatives like the Thiel Fellowship and Breakout Labs.

Founders Fund
Founders Fund is an American venture capital fund formed in 2005 and based in San Francisco. The fund has roughly $17 billion in total assets under management as of 2025. Founders Fund was the first institutional investor in Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) and Palantir Technologies, and an early investor in Facebook. The firm's partners have been founders, early employees and investors at companies including PayPal, Palantir Technologies, Anduril Industries and SpaceX.

The firm's investments include Airbnb, Anduril, DeepMind, Rippling, Facebook, Ramp, Palantir Technologies, Pudgy Penguins, SpaceX, Spotify, Stripe, Neuralink, and Nubank.

Notable partners include Peter Thiel, Trae Stephens, and Mike Solana. Former partners include Brian Singerman, Keith Rabois, Cyan Banister, Ken Howery, Kevin Hartz, Sean Parker, and Bruce Gibney.
Fleet commander (Kriegsmarine)
The Fleet commander of the Kriegsmarine (Flottenchef) was the highest ranked administrative officer in the organization of the Kriegsmarine, and served as a member of the Oberkommando der Marine.  The fleet commander did not actually serve as commander of an at-sea fleet, but instead was the senior officer to which the vessel type commanders reported.  The position of fleet commander was created from an older position of the Reichsmarine known as Der Oberbefehlshaber der Seestreitkräfte.

In 1926, the position adopted the name Flottenchef, but was declared defunct one year later and left vacant with no assigned officer.  The title became a position within the Kriegsmarine in 1936.

Organization of the Kriegsmarine
The organization of the Kriegsmarine refers to the operational and administrative structure of the German Navy from 1935 to 1945.  Many of the organizational tenets of the Kriegsmarine were inherited from its predecessor the Reichsmarine.  As World War II unfolded, the Kriegsmarine expanded to cover additional regions and responsibilities, most significant of which was the occupation of France and the Battle of the Atlantic.
Eugene International High School
Eugene International High School is a high school located in Eugene, Oregon, United States. Part of the Eugene School District, it is an alternative school in international studies located at its three host schools: South Eugene High School, Sheldon High School, and Churchill High School.  Students are given a global perspective in the course of study and are required to take a foreign language. Its instruction meets requirements for the International Baccalaureate Program, however it does not require students to pursue the full diploma program. The subjects covered by the school include literature, history, geography, social studies, and health, while math, science, foreign language, physical education, and electives are covered by its host schools. Immersion programs are available at South and Sheldon in French and Spanish, respectively.

Sheldon High School (Oregon)
Henry D. Sheldon High School (or simply just Sheldon High School) is a public high school in Eugene, Oregon, United States. Sheldon is one of four traditional high schools in the Eugene School District.
Marsetio
Admiral Marsetio (born 3 December 1956) was a former Chief of Naval Staff who served from 17 December 2012 to 31 December 2014 after being inaugurated by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono until 31 December 2014. He was then replaced by Admiral Ade Supandi.

Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy
The Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy (Indonesian: Kepala Staf TNI Angkatan Laut, abbreviated KSAL or KASAL) is the highest position in the Indonesian Navy. The position is held by the four-star Admiral or Marine General, appointed by and reporting directly to the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Chief of Staff is assisted by Vice Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy, position is held by three-star Admiral or Marine General.