hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bahawalpur District
Bahawalpur District is a district within the Bahawalpur Division of Punjab, Pakistan, with the city of Bahawalpur serving as the district headquarters. It has a population of over 4.2 million (2023 census) and covers an area of 24,830 km2, being the largest district in Punjab. Approximately two-thirds of the district (16,000 km2) is covered by the Cholistan Desert, which extends into the Thar Desert of Pakistan and India. The district is a major producer of cotton.

Located in the south of the Punjab province, Bahawalpur district is bordered by India to its south and southeast, Bahawalnagar to its northeast, Vehari, Lodhran and Multan to its north, Rahimyar Khan to its west, and Muzaffargarh to its northwest.

Bahawalpur
Bahawalpur (Urdu: بہاول پور; Urdu pronunciation: [bəɦɑːwəlˈpuːɾ]) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 13th most populous city of Pakistan and 8th most populous of Punjab. Bahawalpur is the capital of Bahawalpur Division.

Founded in 1748 by the Daudpotra family of Sindh, Bahawalpur was the capital of the former princely state of Bahawalpur, ruled by the Nawabs of Bahawalpur until 1955. The Nawabs left a rich architectural legacy, and Bahawalpur is known for its monuments dating from that period. The city lies at the edge of the Cholistan Desert, and serves as the gateway to the nearby Lal Suhanra National Park.
Swimming at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 400-metre individual medley
The men's 400 metre individual medley event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held on 28 July 2024 at Paris La Défense Arena, which was converted to a swimming pool for the swimming events.

The world record holder Léon Marchand of France was considered the most likely to win the event. He qualified for the finals with the fastest qualification time, while the US' defending Olympic champion Chase Kalisz and Australia's defending Olympic bronze medallist Brendon Smith both failed to qualify for the finals. In the first round, Germany's Cedric Büssing swam a time of 4:11.52 to break his country's national record.

In the finals, Marchand led the race from beginning to end, finishing with a new Olympic record of 4:02.95, winning his first Olympic medal. Japanese swimmer Tomoyuki Matsushita won silver with 4:08.62 and the US' Carson Foster won bronze with 4:08.66. Great Britain's Max Litchfield finished fourth with a new national record of 4:08.85.

Japan at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Japan, the previous host of the 2020 Olympics at Tokyo, competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024. Japanese athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games from 1912 onwards, except for two occasions: the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, to which they were not invited because of the nation's role in World War II, and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, due to their participation in the United States-led boycott.
Bandipotu (2015 film)
Bandipotu (transl. Bandit) is a 2015 Indian Telugu language heist comedy film directed by Mohan Krishna Indraganti and features Allari Naresh and Eesha Rebba in the lead roles while Srinivas Avasarala, Posani Krishna Murali, Tanikella Bharani and Sampoornesh Babu appear in other pivotal roles. The film is produced by Aryan Rajesh on EVV Cinema banner and is titled based on the N. T. Rama Rao's 1963 film of the same name. Kalyani Koduri composed the music while P.G. Vinda and Dharmendra Kakarala handled the cinematography and editing of the movie respectively.

The film was launched on 10 June 2014 at E. V. V. Satyanarayana's residence in Hyderabad. The principal photography started on 1 July 2014 at Rajahmundry. The film was made under the banner of E. V .V. Cinema, and, after delays, released on 20 February 2015. This film got mostly mixed to positive reviews from critics.

Kalyani Malik
Kalyan Malik (born 1972) is an Indian music director and playback singer in Telugu cinema. Since achieving recognition through Chandra Sekhar Yeleti's film Aithe (2003), Malik has provided musical scores for many other films. His most recent works are composing for Oohalu Gusagusalade (2014) and as sound supervisor for Baahubali: The Beginning. He is known by various other names — Kalyan Koduri, Koduri Kalyan.
H.R. 1003 (113th Congress)
H.R. 1003, long title "To improve consideration by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission of the costs and benefits of its regulations and orders" is a bill that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. H.R. 1003 would broaden the items for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) to consider when assessing costs and benefits of a proposed regulation. Further, the bill would require the agency to adopt such a regulation only if it determines that the estimated benefits justify the estimated costs.

United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission
The United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government. Created in 1974, the commission regulates the United States derivatives markets, which includes futures, swaps, and certain kinds of options.

The Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), 7 U.S.C. § 1 et seq., prohibits fraudulent conduct in the trading of futures, swaps, and other derivatives.  The stated mission of the CFTC is to promote the integrity, resilience, and vibrancy of the U.S. derivatives markets through sound regulation. After the 2008 financial crisis and since 2010 with the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the CFTC has been transitioning to bring more transparency and sound regulation to the multitrillion-dollar swaps market.
Richard Shaw Brown
Richard Shaw "Rick" Brown (born April 26, 1947) is an American musician and gemologist. He is perhaps best known for being the lead singer, harmonica player and co-songwriter of the psychedelic rock group The Misunderstood throughout the 1960s.

Richard Brown is working as a gemologist and jewellery designer in Bangkok and Thailand, for Astral Gemstone Talismans, a brand known for creating fine gems-jewelry based on the Navaratna belief in Jyotish.

Gemology
Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It is a specific interdisciplinary branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers (and many non-jewelers) are academically trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems.
Mary Silvina Burghardt Du Bois
Mary Silvina Burghardt Du Bois (1831 – 1885) was an American domestic worker. She was born a free woman as the granddaughter of a freedman landowner who served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. She was the mother of the activist and sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois, whose education she supported by working as a servant after her husband left her.

Freedman
A freedman or freedwoman is a person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, slaves freed themselves (runaways or maroons) through escape, self-purchase, or rebellion; or were freed through manumission (granted freedom by their owners), emancipation (granted freedom as part of a larger group), or abolition (the outlawing of slavery in general).
Victor de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg
Marie-Victor-Nicolas de Faÿ, Marquis de La Tour-Maubourg (French: [maʁi viktɔʁ nikɔlɑ də fa.i də la tuʁ mobuʁ]; 22 May 1768 – 11 November 1850) was a French cavalry commander under France's Ancien Régime before rising to prominence during the First French Empire.

Under the Restoration, he served as a diplomat and parliamentarian; after being created a Marquis, he was also briefly in government as Minister of War between 1819 and 1821.

Claude-Victor Perrin
Claude-Victor Perrin, Duke of Belluno (French: [klod viktɔʁ pɛʁɛ̃]; 7 December 1764 – 1 March 1841) was a French military commander who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was made a Marshal of the Empire in 1807 by Emperor Napoleon I.
Soonwald
The Soonwald (German pronunciation: [ˈzoːnʋalt]) is a forested, low mountain region, up to 657.5 m above sea level (NN), which forms part of the Hunsrück mountains in the German Central Uplands. It lies within the counties of Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis and Bad Kreuznach in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis is a district (German: Kreis) in the middle of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Lahn, Mainz-Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Birkenfeld, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Cochem-Zell.
James Madden (hurler)
James Madden (born 1996) is an Irish hurler who plays for Dublin Senior Championship club Ballyboden St. Enda's and at inter-county level with the Dublin senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a wing-back.

Dublin Senior Hurling Championship
The Dublin Senior Hurling Championship (Irish: Craobh Sinsear Iomána Átha Cliath) is an annual hurling competition organised by the Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) since 1887 for the top hurling clubs in County Dublin, Ireland.

Sixteen clubs compete. Initially the teams are divided into four groups of four with the group matches being played from April to May with a break to accommodate the All-Ireland Championship and resume during August or September. The group stage is followed by a knock-out phase which takes place during the months of October and November.

Sponsored by Go-Ahead, it is therefore officially known as the Go-Ahead Dublin Senior Hurling Championship.

Since the establishment of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship in 1887, a total of 26 clubs have won the tournament. Faughs have been the most successful club having won 31 titles.

Na Fianna are the title holders having defeated Lucan Sarsfields 1-20 to 0-22 in the 2025 final.
Abdulla Jameel
Abdulla Jameel (Dhivehi: ޢަބްދުﷲ ޖަމީލް; 1935 or 1936–11 June 2023), NIIV was a Maldivian politician and statesman who served as Minister of Tourism from 1991 to 1993. He has served other ministerial position such as Minister of Home Affairs, Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture, and Minister of Atoll Administration during the administration of Maumoon Abdul Gayoom.

Order of Izzuddin
The Most Honourable Order of the Distinguished Rule of Izzuddin (Dhivehi: ނިޝާން އިއްޒުއްދީނުގެ އިއްޒަތުގެ ވެރިކަން, romanized: Nishan Izzuddinge Izzathuge Verikan), or more informally the Order of Nishan Izzuddin, is the highest Maldivian honour which may be conferred upon a foreign national. The Order of the Distinguished Rule of Izzuddin is dedicated to Sultan al-Ghazi Hassan Izzuddin Sri Kula Ranmiba Kahthiri Bawana Maharadun.
Jason Brown (figure skater)
Jason Lawrence Brown (born December 15, 1994) is an American figure skater. He is a two-time Four Continents medalist (2020 silver, 2018 bronze), a nine-time Grand Prix medalist, a 13-time Challenger Series medalist, and the 2015 U.S. national champion. Earlier in his career, he became a two-time World Junior medalist (2013 silver, 2012 bronze), the 2011–12 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and the 2010 junior national champion.

At only 19, Brown won a bronze medal in the team event at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, becoming one of the youngest male figure skating Olympic medalists.

2011–12 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2011–12 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was an international figure skating competition in the 2011–12 season. The ISU Junior Grand Prix Final was organized together with the senior event. The two competitions were the culmination of two international series, the 2011–12 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating for senior-level skaters and the 2011–12 ISU Junior Grand Prix for juniors.

The competitions were held in Quebec City, Canada at the Pavillon de la Jeunesse, from December 8–11, 2011. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior and junior levels.
Samuel Johnson (Nigerian historian)
The Rev. Samuel Johnson Listenⓘ(24 June 1846 – 29 April 1901) was an Anglican priest, diplomat, and historian of the Yoruba people, as well as the great-grandson of alaafin Abiodun, a powerful Yoruba king of the Oyo empire. He is most notable for his magnum opus The History of the Yorubas, published posthumously in 1921, in which Johnson endeavored to record the oral traditions and history of the Yoruba, which he feared were fast fading into obscurity. Lost, rewritten, and then narrowly escaping destruction during WWI, his history has since become "the most frequently cited and most influential volume about the Yoruba-speaking people". Besides his historical contributions, Johnson led an active life, variously serving as a minister, teacher, and school superintendent in Ibadan, capital city of the Oyo state in Nigeria. During the Yoruba Wars, he was an emissary involved in negotiations between the British, Ibadan chiefs, and the king of Oyo.

Yoruba Wars
The Yoruba Wars, also known as the Yoruba Civil Wars, were a series of conflicts that engulfed the Yoruba-speaking areas of West Africa from approximately 1789 to 1893. These wars were characterized by intense and prolonged struggles among various Yoruba city-states and kingdoms, leading to significant political, social, and economic changes in the region.
Carlos Rein
Carlos Rein Segura, OLSM (18 July 1897 – 11 February 1992) was a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Agriculture during the Francoist regime, from 1945 to 1951. He was a member of FET y de las JONS.

Order of the Liberator General San Martín
The Order of the Liberator General San Martín (Spanish: Orden del Libertador General San Martín) is the highest decoration in Argentina. It is awarded to foreign politicians or military, deemed worthy of the highest recognition from Argentina. It is granted by the sitting President of Argentina.
Kamifukawa Station
Kamifukawa Station (上深川駅, Kami-Fukawa-eki) is a JR West Geibi Line station located in Karuga-chō, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The 124m Dakiiwa Tunnel is located on the Miyoshi side of the station.

Miyoshi Station (Hiroshima)
Miyoshi Station (三次駅, Miyoshi-eki) is a junction railway station located in the city of Miyoshi, Hiroshima, Japan. It is operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).  Along with Niimi and Tsuyama Stations, Miyoshi is one of the major central region stations in the Chūgoku region of Japan.
Almino Afonso
Almino Afonso is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil. With an area of 128.038 square kilometers (49.436 sq mi), of which 1.0558 square kilometres (0.4076 sq mi) is urban, it is located 286 km from Natal, the state capital, and 1,541 km from Brasília, the federal capital. Its population in the 2022 demographic census was 4,687 inhabitants, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), ranking as the 122nd most populous municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

2022 Brazilian census
The 2022 Brazilian Census was the 13th national population census in Brazilian history, and took place on 1 August 2022. It was intended to take place in 2020, but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and budgetary issues.
San Agustin de Laredo Historic District
The San Agustin de Laredo Historic District is a historical district that covers what was once the original city of Laredo, Texas that was established by Don Tomás Sánchez. Today, the district is located in Downtown Laredo. The San Agustin District is home to San Agustin Cathedral (which the district's named after) and to the Republic of the Rio Grande Capitol. Most of the district's streets are made from bricks. Most of the buildings in the district reflect Spanish and Mexican influences and are made from masonry. The district is considered the last example of Spanish Colonization of the Lower Rio Grande Valley. The San Agustin de Laredo Historic District is registered in the National Register of Historic Places since 1973. Its historic significance is Architecture and Engineering. Its architectural style is Mission, Spanish Revival, and Greek Revival.

Republic of the Rio Grande
The Republic of the Rio Grande (Spanish: República del Río Grande) was one of a series of political movements in what was then the Centralist Republic of Mexico, which sought to become independent from the authoritarian, unitary government of Antonio López de Santa Anna; the Republic of Texas and the second Republic of Yucatán were created by political movements that pursued the same goal. The rebellion lasted from  January 17 to November 6, 1840.
Apulian vase painting
Apulian vase painting was a regional style of South Italian vase painting from ancient Apulia in southeast Italy. It comprises geometric pottery and red-figure pottery.

The legitimate Iron Age sequel to the Neolithic and Bronze Age culture of Matera and Molfetta has not yet been discovered and the pre-history of Daunia, Peucetia and Messapia begins to take shape as a coherent whole only with the 7th century BCE. Even then our knowledge is almost confined to the pottery, but it offers a rich field for study.

Daunians
The Daunians (Latin: Daunii) were a Iapygian tribe that inhabited northern Apulia in classical antiquity. Two other Iapygian tribes, the Peucetians and the Messapians, inhabited central and southern Apulia, respectively. Although all three tribes spoke the Messapic language, they had developed separate archaeological cultures by the seventh century BC.

The Daunians lived in the region of  Daunia, which extended from the eastern slopes of the  Daunian Mountains (in the southwest) to the Gargano peninsula (in the northeast). This region coincides mainly with the province of Foggia and part of the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani today. Daunians and Oscans came into contact in northern Daunia and southern Samnite regions. Gradually, parts of northern Daunia became "Oscanized".
Jackie O's Pub & Brewery
Jackie O's Pub & Brewery, often abbreviated to Jackie O's, is a craft brewery located in Athens, Ohio. Founded in 2005, its beer has been internationally recognized. Its business practices place emphasis on benefiting the local community by buying local foods, using renewable energy sources, and encouraging tourism to the city where it was founded.

Athens, Ohio
Athens is a city in Athens County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 23,849 at the 2020 United States census.  Located along the Hocking River within Appalachian Ohio about 65 miles (105 km) southeast of Columbus, Athens is best known as the home of Ohio University, a large public research university with an undergraduate and graduate enrollment of more than 21,000 students. It is the principal city of the Athens micropolitan area.
Waste collector
A waste collector, also known as a garbage man, garbage collector, trashman (in the U.S), binman or dustman (in the UK), is a person employed by a public or private enterprise to collect and dispose of municipal solid waste (refuse) and recyclables from residential, commercial, industrial or other collection sites for further processing and waste disposal. Specialised waste collection vehicles (also known as garbage trucks in the U.S., bin lorries in the UK) featuring an array of automated functions are often deployed to assist waste collectors in reducing collection and transport time and for protection from exposure. Waste and recycling pickup work is physically demanding and usually exposes workers to an occupational hazard.

The first known waste collectors were said to come from Britain in the 1350s, coinciding with the Black Plague, and were called "rakers."

A related occupation is that of a sanitation worker who operates and maintains sanitation technology.: 2

Municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. In the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have produced the particular etymology 'municipal.'
1905 New York City mayoral election
An election for Mayor of New York City was held on November 7, 1905.

Candidates included incumbent mayor George B. McClellan Jr., newspaper publisher, two-term U.S. Representative William Randolph Hearst, and reform advocate William Mills Ivins Sr.

McClellan was reelected with 37% of the vote.

There was evidence of electoral fraud against Hearst linked to the Tammany Hall machine, as well as violence and intimidation against Hearst poll watchers.

William Mills Ivins Sr.
William Mills Ivins Sr. (1851–1915) was a lawyer and Republican candidate for Mayor of New York City in 1905.

Ivins was one of New York City's famous reformers working on the improvement of the election law and fighting the widespread election fraud in New York City. He was the president of the Executive Committee of the Electoral Laws Improvement Association. Together with reformers like Albert S. Bard or William E. Curtis, he tried to complete the introduction of the secret ballot (Australian Ballot) to fight corruption. Ivins was also a member of the Honest Ballot Association, the City Reform Club, and Ballot Reform Committee of Citizens Union.

Ivins is the author of Machine Politics and Money in Elections in New York City. New York 1887.

Ivins was the father of William Ivins Jr., who was the curator of the department of prints at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Charles Fambrough
Charles Fambrough (August 25, 1950 – January 1, 2011) was an American jazz bassist, composer and record producer from Philadelphia.

Having played together in a previous (cover) band Fambrough joined Grover Washington Jr.'s band in 1970. Some five years later he moved over to Airto Moreira's band. After two years there he hooked up with McCoy Tyner to become anchor of Tyner's band, until 1982. In that year Fambrough joined Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers and played there during the early 1980s. When 
Wynton Marsalis left the Messengers to form his own band, Fambrough followed him.

In the liner notes of album The Proper Angle (CD) Fambrough mentions the lessons he learned from McCoy Tyner and Art Blakey. The latter taught him to play behind a horn player and within a rhythm section.

Suffering from kidney failure, congestive heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension, he died in 2011 at the age of 60.

Wynton Marsalis
Wynton Learson Marsalis (born October 18, 1961) is an American trumpeter, composer, and music instructor, who is currently the artistic director of Jazz at Lincoln Center. He has been active in promoting classical and jazz music, often to young audiences. Marsalis has won nine Grammy Awards, and his 1997 oratorio Blood on the Fields was the first jazz composition to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Marsalis is the only musician to have won a Grammy Award in both jazz and classical categories in the same year.