hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John R. Holman
John Richard Holman FRPSL (4 February 1950 - 10 June 2017) was the editor of the British Philatelic Bulletin from 1988 to 2010 and a fellow of the Royal Philatelic Society London.

Holman had been a philatelist since 1957 and his collecting interests include British private posts, postal stationery, postal labels, postmarks and government mail. He was the author of the long-running and popular "New Collector" series in Gibbons Stamp Monthly.

Holman was a former civil servant and a past employee of the stamp dealers Stanley Gibbons. His cousin was David Beech, curator of the philatelic collection at the British Library.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Solar eclipse of July 24, 2074
An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, July 24, 2074, with a magnitude of 0.9838. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 5.6 days after perigee (on July 18, 2074, at 13:55 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.

The path of annularity will be visible from parts of the Maldives, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Micronesia, and Tuvalu. A partial solar eclipse will also be visible for parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, northern Australia, and Oceania.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Jeff Wittek
Jeffrey Rudolph Wittek (born December 15, 1989) is an American YouTuber, professional barber, and podcaster. Wittek owns Jeff's Barbershop, an online haircare store, and hosts a YouTube series of the same name. He is the host of the podcast, Jeff FM.

Barber
A barber is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave hair or beards. A barber's place of work is known as a barbershop or the barber's. Barbershops have been noted places of social interaction and public discourse since at least classical antiquity. In some instances, barbershops were also public forums. They were the locations of open debates, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions about contemporary issues.

In previous times, barbers (known as barber surgeons) also performed surgery and dentistry. With the development of safety razors and the decreasing prevalence of beards in Anglophonic cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting men's scalp hair as opposed to facial hair.
Lesotho–South Africa border
The border between Lesotho and South Africa is 909 kilometres (565 mi) long and forms a complete loop, as Lesotho is an enclave entirely surrounded by South Africa. The border follows the Caledon River, the drainage divide of the Drakensberg mountains, the Orange River, the Makhaleng River, and a series of hills joining the Makhaleng back to the Caledon.

Caledon River
The Caledon River (Sotho: Mohokare) is a major river located in central South Africa. Its total length is 642 km (399 mi), rising in the Drakensberg Mountains on the Lesotho border, flowing southwestward and then westward before joining the Orange River near Bethulie in the southern Free State. The river was originally named Prinses Wilhelminas Rivier in 1777, by Colonel R J Gordon.
Thanjavur R. Ramamoorthy
Tanjavur R. Ramamoorthy (தஞ்சாவூர் ர.ராமமூர்த்தி) (15 June 1929 - 22 June 2019) was a vidwan in Indian classical music, playing Carnatic music on the mridangam, an ancient Indian percussion instrument. The mridangam is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a Carnatic music ensemble, and in the Dhrupad genre, where it is known as a pakhawaj.

Mridangam
The mridangam is an ancient percussion instrument originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is a traditional royal instrument originating in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu and is widely used in south Indian classical music, called Carnatic music, especially in its sangeetha kacherees. It is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a Carnatic music ensemble. In dhrupad, a modified version, the pakhawaj, is the primary percussion instrument. A related instrument is the kendang, played in the Maritime Southeast Asia. It is a complex instrument to tune and involves a lot of mathematics to construct korvais.

During a percussion ensemble, the mridangam is often accompanied by the ghatam, the kanjira, and the morsing.
Harold Hellenbrand
Harold Hellenbrand (born 1953) is a retired American college professor, administrator, and author. He has held several faculty and administrative roles at various institutions, including the Chair of the English department at California State University, San Bernardino, Dean at the University of Minnesota Duluth, Dean at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, and Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs at California State University, Northridge, where until his retirement he taught in the English department. His biography of Thomas Jefferson, The Unfinished Revolution: Education and Politics in the Thought of Thomas Jefferson was published in 1990.

California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) is a public university in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States, outside of the city limits of San Luis Obispo. Founded in 1901, it is the oldest of three polytechnic universities within the California State University system.  Cal Poly emphasizes a "learn by doing" philosophy, integrating hands-on, practical experiences into its curriculum. As of fall 2025, Cal Poly had approximately 22,000 undergraduate and 900 graduate students.

The university is home to several programs, including in engineering, architecture, and business.  Most of the university's athletic teams participate in the Big West Conference.
James Duggan
James Duggan (May 22, 1825 – March 27, 1899) was an Irish-born American Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Chicago from 1859 until his resignation in 1880. However, from 1869 to 1880, he was held in a sanatorium in Missouri due to insanity.

Duggan previously served as coadjutor Archbishop of St. Louis from 1857 to 1859.

Archdiocese of St. Louis
The Archdiocese of St. Louis (Latin: Archidiœcesis Sancti Ludovici) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. Mitchell Thomas Rozanski is the archbishop; the see church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis.
Alabama State Route 159
State Route 159 (SR 159) is a 29.626-mile (47.678 km) state highway that serves as a north–south connection between Gordo and Fayette through Fayette and Pickens counties. SR 159 intersects US 82 at its southern terminus and SR 171 at its northern terminus.

Fayette County, Alabama
Fayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,321. Its county seat is Fayette. Its name is in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette (or de la Fayette), who aided General George Washington in the American Revolutionary War.
Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (Friedrich Wilhelm Konstantin Hermann Thassilo; 16 February 1801 – 3 September 1869), was the last Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. Constantine was the only child of Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and his wife, Princess Pauline of Courland, the daughter of the last Duke of Courland, Peter von Biron.

Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern (born 1811)
Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (German: Karl Anton Joachim Zephyrinus Friedrich Meinrad Fürst von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen; 7 September 1811 – 2 June 1885) was the last reigning prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen before the territory was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1849. Afterwards, he continued to be titular prince of his house and – with the death of the last prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen in 1869 – of the entire Swabian branch of the House of Hohenzollern. He served as Minister President of Prussia from 1858 to 1862, the only Hohenzollern prince to hold that post. His second son, Karl, became king of Romania. The offer of the throne of Spain to his eldest son, Leopold, was one of the causes of the Franco-Prussian War, which led to the unification of Germany and the creation of the German Empire.
Teodoro de Arana y Beláustegui
Teodoro Benigno Ignacio de Arana y Beláustegui (1858–1945) was a Spanish Carlist politician. His career climaxed during last decades of the Restoration period: in 1903 he was elected to Congreso de los Diputados, the lower chamber of the Cortes, and in 1905, 1916 and 1918 he was voted into the Senate. In two separate spells of 1915–1919 and 1923–1932, Arana served as leader of the Biscay branch of Carlism. He was also known as a vehement advocate of separate legal establishments for the Basque provinces, as the author of a related pamphlet and as a promoter of Basque culture. He was the first person in Spain to send a telegram in Basque.

Spanish names of the Basque Country
In the Spanish public discourse the territory traditionally inhabited by the Basques was assigned a variety of names across the centuries. Terms used might have been almost identical, with hardly noticeable difference in content and connotation, or they could have varied enormously, also when consciously used one against another. The names used demonstrate changing perceptions of the area and until today the nomenclature employed could be battleground between partisans of different options.
Xiao Hua Gong
Xiao Hua Gong (Chinese: 龚晓华; pinyin: Gōng Xiǎohuá; born c. 1965), also known as Edward Gong, is a Chinese-Canadian businessman, politician, and former theatre director. Gong served as Deputy Director of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade from 2013 to 2016.

In 2023, he ran for mayor of Toronto, finishing 11th with 2,983 votes (0.4% of votes cast). During the campaign, media queried the quantity and cost of his election advertising.

Gong also ran in the 2024 Mississauga mayoral by-election, where he placed ninth. Gong was eligible to run according to a representative as he is a property owner in the city.

Gong ran in the 2025 Canadian federal election in Don Valley North as an independent.

2023 Toronto mayoral by-election
The 2023 Toronto mayoral by-election was held on Monday, June 26, 2023, to elect the 66th mayor of Toronto to serve the remainder of the 2022–2026 city council term following the resignation of Mayor John Tory. The election was won by Olivia Chow, a former city councillor and member of Parliament (MP). She defeated former deputy mayor Ana Bailão, former police chief Mark Saunders, and 99 other candidates. Chow assumed office on July 12, 2023.

On February 10, 2023, Mayor Tory announced his intention to resign following the admission of an affair with a staffer; he left office on February 17, 2023. The deputy mayor, Jennifer McKelvie, assumed certain mayoral powers and was the highest ranking official in the city until a permanent successor was elected. The nomination period for candidates opened on April 3, 2023, closing on May 12, with 102 registered candidates.
Valdoraptor
Valdoraptor (meaning "Wealden plunderer") is a genus of ornithomimosaurian theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of England. It is known only from bones of the feet. The holotype, BMNH R2559 (incorrectly given by Owen as BMNH R2556), was found near Cuckfield in layers of the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation dating from the late Valanginian. The specimen is damaged, lacking parts of the upper and lower ends. It has a conserved length of 21.5 centimetres (8.5 in) and an estimated total length of 24 centimetres (9.4 in). This genus is paleontologically significant for being the first ornithomimosaur specimen known from England and represents the earliest record of ornithomimosaurs.

Metatarsal bones
The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (pl.: metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges (toes). Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (the side of the great toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal (often depicted with Roman numerals). The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The lengths of the metatarsal bones in humans are, in descending order, second, third, fourth, fifth, and first. A bovine hind leg has two metatarsals.
Patrick Olsen
Patrick Haakon Olsen (born 23 April 1994) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Danish 1st Division club Horsens.

A talent of the Brøndby academy, Olsen joined Italian Serie A club Inter Milan at age 18. After several spells with clubs in Norway, France and Switzerland, he returned to Denmark to play for Helsingør. After successive relegations, he moved to AaB before joining rivals AGF in 2020 after a breakout season. In early 2022, he signed for Polish top-flight side Śląsk Wrocław.

Olsen has gained 43 caps for several Danish national youth teams, including 23 appearances for the under-17 team.

FC Helsingør
FC Helsingør is a Danish professional football club based in Helsingør. The club plays in the Danish 2nd Division, having been relegated after finishing 12th in the Danish 1st Division in the 2023–24 season. The club has finished their first two seasons in the top 4 of the Danish 1st Division. In their third season they finished 6th but in their 4th season they suffered relegation finishing bottom of the 1. Division.
Texas's 30th congressional district
Texas's 30th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives covers much of the city of Dallas and other parts of Dallas and Tarrant counties (primarily black- and Hispanic-majority areas). The district contains the University of North Texas at Dallas, UNT Law, and Texas Woman's University at Dallas. The 30th district is also home to Dallas Love Field airport and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.

The current Representative from the 30th district is Democrat Jasmine Crockett, who has represented the district since 2023. She succeeded longtime representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, who had served since 1993.

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+25, it is one of the most Democratic districts in Texas.

Tarrant County, Texas
Tarrant County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas with a 2020 U.S. census population of 2,110,640, making it the third-most populous county in Texas and the 15th-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is Fort Worth. Tarrant County, one of 26 counties created out of the Peters Colony, was established in 1849 and organized the next year. It is named after Edward H. Tarrant, a lawyer, politician, and militia leader.

The ancestral homelands of Native American tribes:  Caddo, Tonkawa, Comanche, and Cherokee covered Tarrant County. The Native American tribes resisted settlement and fought to defend their land.  The Battle of Village Creek is a well-known battle that took place in Tarrant County.
TSX-Plus
TSX-Plus is a multi-user operating system for the PDP-11/LSI-11 series of computers. It was developed by S&H Computer Systems, Inc. and is based on DEC's RT-11 single-user real-time operating system (TSX-Plus installs on top of RT-11).

RT-11
RT-11 (Real-time 11) is a discontinued small, low-end, single-user real-time operating system for the full line of Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 16-bit computers. RT-11 was first implemented in 1970 and released in June 1973. It was widely used for real-time computing systems, process control, and data acquisition across all PDP-11s. It was also used for low-cost general-use computing.
St. John the Evangelist Church (Grushevskaya)
Church of St. John the Evangelist (Russian: Церковь Иоанна Богослова) ― is a Russian Orthodox church in Grushevskaya stanitsa, Aksaysky District, Rostov Oblast, Russia. It belongs to Volgodonsk diocese of Moscow Patriarchate and was built in 1887. It is also an object of Russia's cultural heritage.

John the Evangelist
John the Evangelist (c. 6 AD – c. 100 AD) is the name traditionally given to the author of the Gospel of John. Christians have traditionally identified him with John the Apostle, John of Patmos, and John the Presbyter, although there is no consensus on how many of these may actually be the same individual.
Pika River
The Rivière Pika is a freshwater tributary of the Pikauba River, flowing in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. This watercourse successively crosses the regional county municipalities of:

MRC Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Achouakan;

MRC du Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk.

The upper part of the Pika River valley is accessible by route 169 (route d'Hébertville); other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the primary economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the Pika River is usually frozen from late November to early April, however safe circulation on the ice is generally from mid-December to late March.

Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality
Lac-Saint-Jean-Est (French pronunciation: [lak sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ ɛst]) is a regional county municipality in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. The seat is Alma. In 2016, 99.3% reported that they spoke French most often at home, according to the census.
German submarine U-106 (1940)
German submarine U-106 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She was laid down on 26 November 1939 at DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 969, launched on 17 June 1940 and commissioned on 24 September. She was armed with six torpedo tubes and a 10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun. U-106 was assigned to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla on 24 September 1940, in which she would serve for nearly three years.

U-106 was one of the most successful German submarines of World War II. She completed 10 wartime patrols and sank 22 ships totalling 138,581 gross register tons (GRT). She also damaged two ships totalling 12,634 GRT, one auxiliary warship of 8,246 GRT and the battleship HMS Malaya. U-106 helped to catalyze Mexico's entry into World War II on the side of the Allies by sinking one of two oil tankers; the Faja de Oro. (The other was the Potrero del Llano, sunk by U-564).

10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun
The 10.5 cm SK C/32 (SK - Schiffskanone (ship board cannon) C - Construktionsjahr (year of design), was a widely used German naval gun on a variety of Kriegsmarine ships during World War II.  Originally designed as a surface weapon, it was used in a number of other roles such as anti-aircraft and coastal defence; wet-mounts were developed for U-boats.
Dorothy Sproule
Dorothy Sproule (November 4, 1867 – January 2, 1963) was a Canadian poet and civic leader, recognized for her literary contributions and her engagement in Montreal's cultural and social life. Her work often commemorated nature, the seasons, and national events, including coronations and royal visits, earning her recognition from members of the British royal family.

Royal tours of Canada
Since 1786, members of the Canadian royal family have visited Canada, either as an official tour, a working tour, a vacation, or a period of military service. The first member to visit was the future king William IV in 1786. In 1939, King George VI became the first reigning monarch to tour the country.
Rolando Joselito Bautista
Rolando Joselito Delizo Bautista (born October 15, 1962) is a retired Filipino lieutenant general who served as the Secretary of Social Welfare and Development under the Duterte administration from 2018 to 2022. He held various positions in the military, such as the former Commanding General of the Philippine Army, commander of the Joint Task Force Marawi during the Battle of Marawi, and the Presidential Security Group.

Secretary of Social Welfare and Development
The secretary of social welfare and development (Filipino: Kalihim ng Kagalingang Panlipunan at Pagpapaunlad) is the head of the Department of Social Welfare and Development and is a member of the President's Cabinet.
Jaromír Čížek
Jaromír Čížek (13 March 1927 – 20 September 2003) was a Czech motocross and enduro racer. He competed in the FIM European Motocross Championships between 1957 and 1962, most prominently as a member of the Jawa factory racing team where he won the 1958 250cc European Motocross Championship.

1958 Motocross World Championship
The 1958 Motocross World Championship was the 2nd edition of the Motocross World Championship organized by the FIM and reserved for 500cc motorcycles. In a sign of the sport's growing popularity, the first Motocross World Championship race behind the Iron Curtain is hosted by Czechoslovakia on 8 June.
Metrication in Chile
Chile adopted the metric system in 1848. Previously, the Spanish system of measures was used.

Since colonization, Chile had always used a unit system based on the Spanish customary units. In 1843, a law was passed formalizing it, and defining its fundamental unit, the vara, as a fraction of a metre.

Later, during the presidency of Manuel Bulnes, a law was passed on 29 January 1848, adopting the Metric System. Finally, Chile signed the Metre Convention in 1908.

Spanish units of measurement
There are a number of Spanish units of measurement of length or area that are now virtually obsolete due to metrication. They include the vara, the cordel, the league and the labor. The units of area used to express the area of land are still encountered in some transactions in land today.
Audrey Lu
Audrey Lu (born August 30, 2002) is an American pair skater. With her former skating partner, Misha Mitrofanov, she is the 2022 Four Continents champion, 2021 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb champion, 2018 CS U.S. International Classic silver medalist, and 2022 U.S. national bronze medalist.

2022 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2022 U.S. Figure Skating Championships was held January 3–9, 2022, at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2022 World Championships, 2022 World Junior Championships, the 2022 Four Continents Championship, and the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Nashville was announced as the host city in October 2019. It had previously hosted the event in 1997.