hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paulo Nogueira Neto
Paulo Nogueira Neto (18 April 1922 – 25 February 2019) was a Brazilian environmentalist. He headed the first federal environmental agency in Brazil, the forerunner of today's Ministry of the Environment, and was a member of the United Nations Brundtland Commission on the Environment and Development.  He had a major influence on Brazil's environmental legislation.

Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Brazil)
The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Portuguese: Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima, abbreviated MMA) is a cabinet-level federal ministry in Brazil. The ministry emerged from the Special Secretariat for the Environment within the now-extinct Ministry of the Interior from 1974 to 1985. It has gone through several name changes since its inception.
Marina Sereni
Marina Sereni (born 8 May 1960) is an Italian politician of the Democratic Party (PD) who has been serving as deputy minister of foreign affairs in the governments of prime ministers Giuseppe Conte and Mario Draghi since 2019.

Sereni served as the vice president of the PD and vice president of the Chamber of Deputies from 2013 to 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Italian: Ministero degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale or MAECI) is the foreign ministry of the government of the Italian Republic. It is also known as the Farnesina as a metonym from its headquarters, the Palazzo della Farnesina in Rome. The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Antonio Tajani.
Biangular coordinates
In mathematics, biangular coordinates are a coordinate system for the plane where  and  are two fixed points, and the position of a point P not on the line  is determined by the angles  and

The sine rule can be used to convert from biangular coordinates to two-center bipolar coordinates.

Two-center bipolar coordinates
In mathematics, two-center bipolar coordinates is a coordinate system based on two coordinates which give distances from two fixed centers  and . This system is very useful in some scientific applications (e.g. calculating the electric field of a dipole on a plane).
Tracey Rouault
Tracey Ann Rouault is an American rheumatologist and physician-scientist who researches mammalian iron-sulfur proteins. Rouault is a senior investigator at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and she heads the section on human iron metabolism.

Rheumatology
Rheumatology (from Ancient Greek  ῥεῦμα (rheûma) 'flowing current') is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and management of disorders of which the common feature is inflammation in the bones, muscles, joints, and internal organs. Rheumatology covers more than 100 different complex diseases, collectively known as rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren's syndrome. Doctors who have undergone formal training in rheumatology are called rheumatologists.

Many of these diseases are now known to be disorders of the immune system, and rheumatology has significant overlap with immunology, the branch of medicine that studies the immune system.
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation
The Datar–Mathews Method (DM Method) is a method for real options valuation. The method provides an easy way to determine the real option value of a project simply by using the average of positive outcomes for the project. The method can be understood as an extension of the net present value (NPV) multi-scenario Monte Carlo model with an adjustment for risk aversion and economic decision-making. The method uses information that arises naturally in a standard discounted cash flow (DCF), or NPV, project financial valuation. It was created in 2000 by Vinay Datar, professor at Seattle University; and Scott H. Mathews, Technical Fellow at The Boeing Company.

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods, also called the Monte Carlo experiments or Monte Carlo simulations, are a broad class of computational algorithms based on repeated random sampling for obtaining numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve deterministic problems.

Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration, and non-uniform random variate generation, available for modeling phenomena with significant input uncertainties, e.g. risk assessments for nuclear power plants. Monte Carlo methods are often implemented using computer simulations. They can provide approximate solutions to problems too complex for mathematical analysis.
Democratization
Democratization, or democratisation, is the structural government transition from an authoritarian government to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. The opposite process of democratic transition is known as democratic backsliding or autocratization. Whether and to what extent democratization occurs can be influenced by various factors, including economic development, historical legacies, civil society, and international processes. Some accounts of democratization emphasize how elites drove democratization, whereas other accounts emphasize grassroots bottom-up processes. How democratization occurs has also been used to explain other political phenomena, such as whether a country goes to a war or whether its economy grows.

Regime
In politics, a regime (also spelled régime) is a system of government that determines access to public office, and the extent of power held by officials. The two broad categories of regimes are democratic and autocratic. A key similarity across all regimes is the presence of rulers of both formal and informal institutions, which interact dynamically to adapt to changes to their environment.
Instant Mommy
Instant Mommy is a 2013 Filipino drama-comedy film written and directed by Leo Abaya. The film stars Eugene Domingo as Bechayda, a woman who pretends to be pregnant just to keep her Japanese fiancé played by Yuki Matsuzaki. The film competed under the New Breed section of Cinemalaya 2013. The title is a play to instant mami noodles. The movie was distributed by GMA Pictures.

2013 Cinemalaya
The 9th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival was successfully held from July 26 to August 4, 2013, in Metro Manila, Philippines. This year's theme is "Synergy of the Senses", which makes the entries to deliver mature content and provocative themes. The opening film is Jazz in Love by Baby Ruth Villarama, a documentary about a Filipino gay man who waits for the arrival of his German boyfriend. The closing film is Joel Lamangan's Burgos which stars Lorna Tolentino as Edita Burgos, the crusading mother of missing activist Jonas. The winners were announced on August 4 at the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Jerrold Tarog's Sana Dati and Hannah Espia's Transit won top film honors in the awards night.
Snape Wood
Snape Wood is a council estate located in Bulwell Ward in the City of Nottingham in Nottinghamshire, England. The estate is located 4.4 miles (7 km) from the City Centre, and lies west of Bulwell, north of Hempshill Vale, south of Hucknall and east of Nuthall. At the 2001 census, the estate had a population of 2,937.

Bulwell
Bulwell is a market town and former civil parish in the City of Nottingham district of Nottinghamshire, England. It lies 3.5 miles (6 km) south-west of Hucknall and 4.8 miles (8 km) to the north-west of Nottingham city centre. The 2011 census recorded its population at 29,771, which amounted to over 10% of the city's population; 16,157 was recorded for the Bulwell ward of Nottingham City Council. The adjacent ward, Bulwell Forest, which includes Highbury Vale, Rise Park and the west of Top Valley, had a population of 13,614 at the same census.
Libfixmath
libfixmath is a platform-independent fixed-point math library aimed at developers wanting to perform fast non-integer math on platforms lacking a (or with a low performance) FPU. It offers developers a similar interface to the standard math.h functions for use on Q16.16 fixed-point numbers. libfixmath has no external dependencies other than stdint.h and a compiler which supports 64-bit integer arithmetic (such as GCC).
Conditional compilation options exist to remove the requirement for a 64-bit capable compiler as many compilers for microcontrollers and DSPs do not support 64-bit arithmetic.

Q (number format)
The Q notation is a way to specify the parameters of a binary fixed point number format. Specifically, how many bits are allocated for the integer portion, how many for the fractional portion, and whether there is a sign-bit.

For example, in Q notation, Q7.8 means that the signed fixed point numbers in this format have 7 bits for the integer part and 8 bits for the fraction part. One extra bit is implicitly added for signed numbers. Therefore, Q7.8 is a 16-bit word, with the most significant bit representing the two's complement sign bit.

There is an ARM variation of the Q notation that explicitly adds the sign bit to the integer part. In ARM Q notation, the above format would be called Q8.8.

A number of other notations have been used for the same purpose.
Yevgeniya Startseva
Yevgeniya Aleksandrovna Startseva (Russian: Евге́ния Алекса́ндровна Ста́рцева; born 12 February 1989) is a volleyball player from Russia. She was a member of the national team that won the gold medal at the 2010 World Championship.  She represented Russia at the 2012 Olympics.

2010 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2010 FIVB Women's World Championship was the sixteenth edition of the competition. Like the previous tournament, the 2010 edition also was held from 29 October to 14 November 2010 in Japan, though the range of venues and locations was modified slightly (Matsumoto and Hamamatsu replaced Sapporo and Kobe in 2010). Twenty-four teams participated in the tournament.

The tournament was won by Russia, who finished with a perfect record, defeating Brazil in the intense final game. Japan defeated the United States for the third place, winning their first bronze medal in the tournament history, and the first medal since 1978, having so far three gold and three silver already to their name. Russia won its second straight title, while Brazil was prevented from achieving a volleyball double of winning both the men's championship and the women's championship in the same year.

Russia's towering outside hitter Yekaterina Gamova was named the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
Postman Blues
Postman Blues (ポストマン・ブルース, Posutoman Burūsu) is a 1997 Japanese criminal action comedy-drama film directed and written by Hiroyuki Tanaka under the name Sabu. The film features Shin'ichi Tsutsumi, Keisuke Horibe, Ren Osugi and Kyōko Tōyama in the lead roles. It tells the story of a postman (Shin'ichi Tsutsumi) who is mistaken by the police as a criminal.

The film was released in Japan in 1997 and later in Italy in 1999 and Brazil in 2003. Hiroyuki Tanaka won the New Blood award at the 1999 Cognac Festival du Film Policier for the film.

Shinichi Tsutsumi
Shinichi Tsutsumi (堤 真一, Tsutsumi Shin'ichi; born July 7, 1964) is a Japanese stage and screen actor. Internationally, he is best known for his roles as Koichi Takagi in the Monday films, Tetsuya Ishigami in the Suspect X films, and Jo Sawashiro in Yakuza: Like a Dragon. In Japan, he is best known for his roles as Ōsuke Nakahara in Yamatonadeshiko drama series, and Norifumi Suzuki in Always: Sunset on Third Street films. He won the Japanese Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2005 for Always: Sunset on Third Street. In 2013, he was nominated for an International Emmy Award for best actor for his role in Yasu – A Single Father’s Story.
Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast
The Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast is an ongoing military occupation that began on 24 February 2022, after Russian forces invaded Ukraine and began capturing and occupying parts of Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. Russian forces failed to capture the capital city of the oblast, Kharkiv. However, other major cities including Izium, Kupiansk, and Balakliia were captured by Russian forces. Since November 2022, Russia only occupies a small portion of land in the Kharkiv Oblast.

In early September 2022, Ukraine began a major counteroffensive, regaining several settlements in the region and ending numerous Russian military or military-civilian administrations.

Battle of Izium
On the eastern front of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, a military engagement began in March 2022 between Russian and Ukrainian forces took place for control over the city of Izium, an important transportation node. The Russian military wanted to capture Izium so its forces in Kharkiv Oblast could link up with their troops in the Donbas region.
2013 Cavite local elections
Local elections were held in the province of Cavite on May 13, 2013 within the Philippine general election. Voters selected candidates for all local positions: a mayor, vice mayor, councilors, members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the vice-governor, governor and representatives for the seven districts of Cavite.

Incumbent Juanito Victor C. Remulla of the Nacionalista Party, Lakas–CMD and the local party Partido Magdalo ran for a second term and defeated 3rd District Representative Ayong Maliksi, his gubernatorial predecessor.

Remulla and Maliksi's running mates are both sons of incumbent senators. Remulla ran with actor and Liga ng mga Barangay (League of Barangays) Provincial Chapter President Jolo Revilla of Lakas–CMD, son of senator Bong Revilla, while Ronald Jay Lacson, son of outgoing senator Panfilo Lacson, ran with Maliksi. Revilla went on to defeat Lacson by a comfortable margin.

Legislative districts of Cavite
The legislative districts of Cavite are the representations of the province of Cavite in the various national and local legislatures of the Philippines. At present, the province is represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines by its eight congressional districts, with the districts' representatives being elected every three years. The congressional districts are coextensive with the provincial board districts, where each district is allotted two seats in the Cavite Provincial Board, creating a total of sixteen elective seats in the legislature.
Naval artillery
Naval artillery is artillery mounted on a warship, originally used only for naval warfare and then subsequently used for more specialized roles in surface warfare such as naval gunfire support (NGFS) and anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) engagements. The term generally refers to powder-launched projectile-firing weapons and excludes self-propelled projectiles such  as torpedoes, rockets, and missiles and those simply dropped overboard such  as depth charges and naval mines.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Ronny Knight
Ronny Knight is a politician from Papua New Guinea. He served as a Member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea from 2012 to 2017 as a member of the New Generation Party and later the National Party, representing the electorate of Manus Open.

Manus Province
Manus Province is the smallest province in Papua New Guinea in terms of both land area and population, with a land area of 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi), but with more than 220,000 square kilometres (85,000 sq mi) of water, and the total population is 60,485 (2011 census). The provincial town of Manus is Lorengau.

The province consists of only one district (Manus District; with identical boundaries to those of the province), 12 Local Level Governments (LLGs) and 127 Wards.

The province is made up of the Admiralty Islands (a group of 18 islands in the Bismarck Archipelago), as well as Wuvulu Island and nearby atolls in the west, which collectively are referred to as the Western Islands. The largest island in the group is Manus Island, where Lorengau and a former Australian immigration detention centre are located.
1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene
cis-1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene (dppv) is an organophosphorus compound with the formula C2H2(PPh2)2 (Ph = C6H5). Both the cis and trans isomers are known, but the cis isomer is of primary interest. Classified as a diphosphine ligand, it is a bidentate ligand in coordination chemistry.  For example it gives rise to the complex Ni(dppv)2 and the coordination polymer [Ni(dppv)]n.  As a chelating ligand, dppv is very similar to 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene.

The diphosphine is prepared by reaction of lithium diphenylphosphide with cis-dichloroethylene.

2 LiPPh2  +  C2H2Cl2  →  C2H2(PPh2)2  +  2 LiCl

trans-1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene is made similarly, but using trans-dichloroethylene.

1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloroethylene (1,2-DCE) is a pair of organochlorine compounds with the molecular formula C2H2Cl2.  The two compounds are isomers, each being colorless liquids with a sweet odor.  It can exist as either of two geometric isomers, cis-1,2-dichloroethene or trans-1,2-dichloroethene, but is often used as a mixture of the two.  They have modest solubility in water.  These compounds have some applications as a degreasing solvent. In contrast to most cis-trans compounds, the Z isomer (cis) is more stable than the E isomer (trans) by 0.4 kcal/mol.
Fringe theory
A fringe theory is an idea or a viewpoint that differs significantly from the accepted scholarship of the time within its field. Fringe theories include the models and proposals of fringe science, as well as similar ideas in other areas of scholarship, such as the humanities. In a narrower sense, the term fringe theory is commonly used as a pejorative, roughly synonymous with the terms pseudo-scholarship and conspiracy theory. Precise definitions distinguishing widely held viewpoints and unaccepted theories are difficult to construct. Issues of false balance or false equivalence can occur when fringe theories are presented as being equal to widely accepted theories.

Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.
Tenor cornett
The tenor cornett or lizard was a common musical instrument in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. This instrument was normally built in C and the pedal (lowest) note of the majority of tenor cornetts was the C below middle C. A number of surviving instruments feature a key to secure the lowest note. The instrument has a useful range of approximately two and a half octaves, however, an experienced player with a strong embouchure may be able to push the instrument higher.

The tenor cornett was used by composers like Giovanni Gabrieli, Heinrich Schütz and Orlando di Lasso as an alto or tenor voice in an ensemble of cornetts and trombones.

Like most specimens of treble cornetts, tenor cornetts were usually pitched in Chorton or Cornettton, ca. a' = 466 Hz – around a semi-tone higher than modern concert pitch, which is a' = 440 Hz.

Giovanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli (c. 1554/1557 – 12 August 1612) was an Italian composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time, and represents the culmination of the style of the Venetian School, at the time of the shift from Renaissance to Baroque idioms.
Piperic acid
Piperic acid is a chemical often obtained by the base-hydrolysis of the alkaloid piperine from black pepper, followed by acidification of the corresponding salt. Piperic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds such as piperonal, and as-such may be used to produce fragrances, perfumes flavorants and drugs as well as other useful compounds.

Piperonal
Piperonal, also known as heliotropin, is an organic compound which is commonly found in fragrances and flavors. The molecule is structurally related to other aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and vanillin.  The methylenedioxyphenyl group is found in other fragrances.
2023 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification
The 2023 Individual Speedway World Championship Grand Prix Qualification or GP Challenge (held in 2022) was a series of motorcycle speedway meetings used to determine the three riders that qualified for the 2023 Speedway Grand Prix. The series consisted of four qualifying rounds at Abensberg, Debrecen, Žarnovica and Nagyhalász and the Grand Prix Challenge at Glasgow.  Preliminary national qualification events included the 2021 American Final, the Polish Golden Helmet and the DMU qualifier.

The three riders that qualified for the 2023 series were Kim Nilsson, Jack Holder and Max Fricke. Dan Bewley finished second in the Grand Prix Challenge, but he already qualified due to making the top six in the 2022 Speedway Grand Prix series.

In the final Anders Thomsen broke his leg in heat 14 but would later be selected as a permanent rider for the 2023 Speedway Grand Prix.

2022 Speedway Grand Prix
The 2022 Speedway Grand Prix season was the 28th season of the Speedway Grand Prix era, and decided the 77th FIM Speedway World Championship. It was the first series promoted by Discovery Sports Events.

Artem Laguta was the reigning champion, having won the 2021 title. However, due to the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, he and Emil Sayfutdinov did not return as all Russian and Belarusian riders had been suspended and were barred from participating in any FIM-sanctioned events.

Bartosz Zmarzlik won the championship, claiming a third world title. Leon Madsen finished as runner-up, with Maciej Janowski taking the last spot on the podium.
Popular Army – Northern Forces
The Popular Army – Northern Forces (PANF) or People's Army – Northern Forces is an Israeli-backed anti-Hamas Palestinian militant group in the northern Gaza Strip that operates as part of the Popular Forces. It is led by Ashraf Al-Mansi.

Criticism of Hamas
Aside from its use of political violence in pursuit of its goals, the Palestinian political and military organization Hamas has been widely criticised for a variety of reasons, including its use of hate speech by its representatives, use of human shields and child combatants as part of its military operations, restriction of political freedoms within the Gaza Strip, and human rights abuses.
Neville Bonner
Neville Thomas Bonner (28 March 1922 – 5 February 1999) was an Australian politician, and the first Aboriginal Australian to become a member of the Parliament of Australia. He was appointed by the Queensland Parliament to fill a casual vacancy in the representation of Queensland in the Senate, and later became the first Indigenous Australian to be elected to the parliament by popular vote. Bonner was an elder of the Jagera people.

Casual vacancies in the Australian Parliament
In the Parliament of Australia, a casual vacancy arises when a member of either the Senate or the House of Representatives:

dies

resigns mid-term

is expelled from Parliament and their seat is declared vacant,

is absent from (fails to attend) the house, without the permission of the house, for two consecutive months of a session, or

is disqualified.