hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Almahmoud
Almahmoud (1947–1971) was an American Thoroughbred racemare that was best known as an influential broodmare who produced Natalma and Cosmah.

She was sired by the 1936 Epsom Derby winner Mahmoud, who was imported to the United States in 1940 by Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney. Her dam was the unraced mare, Arbitrator, a daughter of the 1934 Belmont Stakes winner, Peace Chance. Almahmoud won important races at ages two and three before retiring to broodmare duty.

Cosmah
Cosmah (April 4, 1953 – 1979) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. While not known for her racing career, she is well known for being the dam of Tosmah and  Halo, both of whom were top level race winners.
Saint Peter's Episcopal Church (Manila)
Saint Peter's Episcopal Church ministered mainly to the Cantonese-speaking people in Manila, in the Philippines. The church is "derived" from Saint Stephen's Parish Church in Manila, which ministers the mainly Fookien-speaking people. It is located along Reina Regente Street, in Binondo, Manila.

Saint Stephen's Parish Church (Manila)
Saint Stephen's Parish Church is the Episcopal Diocese of the Central Philippines' Pro-Cathedral of the Episcopal Church in the Philippines serving Chinese communities located in Santa Cruz, Manila in the Philippines. It was established in 1903.
Laurinburg, North Carolina
Laurinburg is a city in and the county seat of Scotland County, North Carolina, United States. Located in south central North Carolina near the South Carolina border, Laurinburg is southwest of Fayetteville and was home to St. Andrews University. The population was 14,978 at the 2020 Census.

Fayetteville, North Carolina
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil, locally /ˈfɛdvəl/ FED-vəl) is a city in and the county seat of Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. Fort Bragg, a U.S. Army installation, is located in the city.

Fayetteville has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League four times. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 208,501. It is the 6th-most populous city in North Carolina. Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the western part of the Coastal Plain region, on the Cape Fear River.

With an estimated population of 392,336 in 2023, the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the second-most populous city in southeastern North Carolina and the 142nd-most populous in the United States. Suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Bragg, Hope Mills, Spring Lake, Raeford, Pope Field, Rockfish, Stedman, and Eastover.
Hayle railway station
Hayle railway station serves the small town of Hayle, Cornwall, United Kingdom. Great Western Railway manage the station and operate most train services.

It is on the Cornish Main Line 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Penzance, 319 miles 31 chains (319.39 mi; 514.0 km) from the zero point at London Paddington measured via Box and Plymouth Millbay.

Penzance railway station
Penzance railway station (Cornish: Pennsans) serves the town of Penzance in west Cornwall, England. It is the terminus of the Cornish Main Line and the southernmost railway station in Great Britain, situated at milepost 326.5 miles (525.5 km) from London Paddington. The station is owned by Network Rail and managed by Great Western Railway, which also operates train services together with CrossCountry.

The first station opened in 1852; through travel to and from London commenced from 1859, with the opening of the Royal Albert Bridge. The station was rebuilt by the Great Western Railway in 1876 and the current layout was the result of a further rebuilding in the 1930s.
Outline of geophysics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geophysics:

Geophysics – the physics of the Earth and its environment in space; also the study of the Earth using quantitative physical methods. The term geophysics sometimes refers only to the geological applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics,  the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations have a broader definition that includes the hydrological cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.

Geodynamics
Geodynamics is a subfield of geophysics dealing with dynamics of the Earth. It applies physics, chemistry and mathematics to the understanding of how mantle convection leads to plate tectonics and geologic phenomena such as seafloor spreading, mountain building, volcanoes, earthquakes, or faulting. It also attempts to probe the internal activity  by measuring magnetic fields, gravity, and seismic waves, as well as the mineralogy of rocks and their isotopic composition. Methods of geodynamics are also applied to exploration of other planets.
Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial
Napoléon, Prince Imperial (Napoléon Eugène Louis Jean Joseph Bonaparte; 16 March 1856 – 1 June 1879), also known as Louis-Napoléon, was the only child of Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, and Empress Eugénie. After his father was dethroned in 1870, he moved to England with his family. On his father's death in January 1873, he was proclaimed by the Bonapartist faction as Napoléon IV.

In England, he trained as a British Army officer. Keen to see action, he persuaded the British to allow him to participate in the Anglo-Zulu War. In 1879, serving with British forces, he was killed in a skirmish with a group of Zulus. His early death caused an international sensation and sent shockwaves throughout Europe, as he was the last serious dynastic hope for the restoration of the House of Bonaparte to the throne of France.

Bonapartism
Bonapartism (French: Bonapartisme [bɔnapaʁtism]) is the political ideology supervening from Napoleon Bonaparte and his followers and successors. The term, originated by Karl Marx, is used in the narrow sense to refer to people who hoped to restore the House of Bonaparte and its style of government. In this sense, a Bonapartiste was a person who either actively participated in or advocated for imperial political factions in 19th-century France. Although Bonapartism emerged in 1814 with the first fall of Napoleon, it only developed doctrinal clarity and cohesion by the 1840s.

The term developed a broad definition used to mean political movements that advocate for an authoritarian centralised state, with a military strongman and charismatic leader with relatively traditionalist ideology.
Hardings Wood Junction
Hardings Wood Junction (grid reference SJ834546) is a canal junction near Kidsgrove, Staffordshire, England and the point at which the Macclesfield Canal (or, historically, the Hall Green Branch) joins the Trent and Mersey Canal. It opened in 1831.

Hall Green Branch
53°05′21″N 2°14′51″W﻿ / ﻿53.0891°N 2.2476°W﻿ / 53.0891; -2.2476

The Hall Green Branch of the Trent and Mersey Canal is a canal in east Cheshire, England. It runs for one mile from Kidsgrove to Hall Green, where it makes an end-on junction with the Macclesfield Canal at Hall Green Stop Lock.
Human rights in Haiti
Haiti's Constitution and written laws meet most international human rights standards. In practice, many provisions are not respected. The government's human rights record is poor. Political killings, kidnapping, torture, and unlawful incarceration are common unofficial practices, especially during periods of coups or attempted coups.

Government of Haiti
The government of Haiti is a semi-presidential republic, a multi-party system wherein the President of Haiti is head of state elected directly by popular elections. The Prime Minister acts as head of government and is appointed by the President, chosen from the majority party in the National Assembly. Executive power is exercised by the President and Prime Minister who together constitute the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the National Assembly of Haiti. The government is organized unitarily, thus the central government delegates powers to the departments without a constitutional need for consent. The current structure of Haiti's political system was set forth in the Constitution of March 29, 1987.

As of early 2025, criminal gangs controlled at least 85% of the capital and its metropolitan area and had expanded into key regions.
Obituary poetry
Obituary poetry, in the broad sense, includes poems or elegies that commemorate a person's or group of people's deaths.

In its stricter sense, though, it refers to a genre of popular verse or folk poetry that had its greatest popularity in the nineteenth century, especially in the United States of America.  The genre consists largely of sentimental narrative verse that tells the story of the demise of its typically named subjects and seeks to console their mourners with descriptions of their happy afterlife.  The genre achieved its peak of popularity in the decade of the 1870s.  While usually full chiefly of conventional pious sentiments, the obituary poets in one sense continue the program of meditations on death begun by the eighteenth-century graveyard poets, such as Edward Young's Night Thoughts, and as such continue one of the themes that went into literary Romanticism.

Elegy
An elegy is a poem of serious reflection, and in English literature usually a lament for the dead. However, according to The Oxford Handbook of the Elegy, "for all of its pervasiveness ... the 'elegy' remains remarkably ill defined: sometimes used as a catch-all to denominate texts of a somber or pessimistic tone, sometimes as a marker for textual monumentalizing, and sometimes strictly as a sign of a lament for the dead".
Anamudi Shola National Park
Anamudi Shola National Park is a protected area located along the Western Ghats of Idukki district in Kerala state, India. It is composed of Mannavan shola, Idivara shola and Pullardi shola, covering a total area of around 7.5 km². Draft notification of this new park was issued on 21 November 2003.

The park is administered by Munnar Wildlife Division, together with the nearby Mathikettan Shola National Park, Eravikulam National Park, Pampadum Shola National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and the Kurinjimala Sanctuary. 
The Western Ghats, Anamalai Sub-Cluster, including all of Eravikulam National Park, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.

Mathikettan Shola National Park
Mathikettan Shola National Park is a 12.82 km2 national park in Santhanpara village of Udumbanchola taluk in Idukki district of India's Kerala state. It was notified as a national park on 21 November 2003. Considering the unique nature of the shola forest in Mathikettan and its importance as an elephant strip, the state government has declared it as a National park in 2008. Central government has notified its area varying from zero to one kilometre around the boundary as eco sensitive zone. The park is located between other reserve forests like Eravikulam National Park and Pampadam Shola National Park.
James Sethian
James Albert Sethian is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley and the head of the Mathematics Group  at the United States Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Sethian was born in Washington, D.C., on May 10, 1954.  He received a B.A. (1976) from Princeton and a M.A. (1978) and Ph.D (1982) from Berkeley under the direction of Alexandre Chorin. Beginning in 1983, he was a National Science Foundation postdoctoral fellow, lastly at the Courant Institute under  Peter Lax.  In 1985, he returned to Berkeley to join the mathematics faculty, where he is currently a full professor. Sethian was elected member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2008 as well as the National Academy of Sciences in 2013. Sethian has acted as Interim Director Research at Thinking Machines Corporation and held visiting positions at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Alexandre Chorin
Alexandre Joel Chorin (born 25 June 1938) is an American mathematician known for his contributions to computational fluid mechanics, turbulence, and computational statistical mechanics.

Chorin's work involves developing methods for solving physics and fluid mechanics problems computationally. His early work introduced several widely used numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations, including the method of artificial compressibility, the projection method, and vortex methods. He has made numerous contributions to turbulence theory. In recent years he has been developing methods for prediction in the face of uncertainty  and for filtering and data assimilation.
Marian Lupu
Marian Lupu (Romanian: [mariˈan ˈlupu]; born 20 June 1966) is a Moldovan economist and politician who was the President of the Parliament of Moldova between 2010 and 2013. From this position he served as Acting President of Moldova from 2010 until 2012. He is currently the president of the party Respect Moldova Movement (MRM).

President of the Moldovan Parliament
The president of the parliament of Moldova (Romanian: Președintele Parlamentului) is the presiding officer of the parliament of Moldova. The current president of the Parliament is Igor Grosu since 29 July 2021.
Kolkata–Guwahati Garib Rath Express
The 12517 / 12518 Kolkata - Guwahati Garib Rath Express is a Garib Rath class train of Indian Railways, which connects the state capital of West Bengal, Kolkata to the state capital of Assam, Guwahati. The train is operated by the North East Frontier Railway Zone (NFR) of the Indian Railways.

Northeast Frontier Railway zone
The Northeast Frontier Railway (abbreviated NFR) is one of the 19 railway zones of the Indian Railways. It is headquartered in Maligaon, Guwahati in the state of Assam, and responsible for operation and expansion of rail network all across Northeastern states and some districts of eastern Bihar and northern West Bengal.
Multiclavula petricola
Multiclavula petricola is a saxicolous (rock-dwelling) basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is known only from a single subalpine site in central Japan, where minute, white, needle-like fruit bodies emerge directly from wet volcanic rock and are accompanied by a globular algal–fungal thallus. Microscopic characters, a distinctive globose photobiont association, and molecular data together justify its recognition as a separate species within Multiclavula.

Basidiolichen
Basidiolichens are lichenized members of the division Basidiomycota within the subkingdom Dikarya of the kingdom Fungi. They form a diverse yet much smaller group of lichens than the far more common ascolichens of the division Ascomycota. Owing to how few described species there are, basidiolichens are generally considered to be poorly researched, and few studies that characterize their natural products exist. Biogeographically, basidiolichen species may be distributed in a cosmopolitan manner or more regionally, ranging from arctic and montane habitats to more temperate and tropical environments. Morphologically, basidiocarp (fruiting body) and thallus (vegetative tissue) structures may vary widely within and between basidiolichen genera.
Charles Middleton, 2nd Earl of Middleton
Charles Middleton, 2nd Earl of Middleton, Jacobite 1st Earl of Monmouth, PC (1649/1650 – 9 August 1719) was a Scottish and English politician who held several offices under Charles II and James II & VII. He served as Secretary of State for Scotland, the Northern Department and the Southern Department, before acting as Jacobite Secretary of State and chief advisor to James II and then his son James III during their exile in France.

Secretary of State for the Northern Department
The secretary of state for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of Great Britain up to 1782. Following this, the Northern Department became the Foreign Office, and the position evolved into the foreign secretary.
Doug Clement
Doug Clement (born 15 July 1933) is a Canadian sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in the 4 x 440 yards relay at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games alongside Terry Tobacco, Joe Foreman, and Laird Sloan. Clement attended the University of Oregon and University of British Columbia, where he obtained undergraduate and medical degrees respectively. He was also responsible for the introduction of sports medicine to Canada. Along with his wife, Diane, they have both been an integral part of athletics in British Columbia.

Diane Matheson
Diane Matheson (born 27 September 1936) is a Canadian sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1956 Summer Olympics. At the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, she won a bronze medal in the 4×110 yard relay event alongside Eleanor Haslam, Maureen Rever, and Freyda Berman.
Amon Düül
Amon Düül was a West German political art commune formed out of the student movement of the 1960s that became well known for its free-form musical improvisations. This spawned two rock groups: Amon Düül (sometimes referred to as Amon Düül I) and the more famous Amon Düül II. After both groups disbanded in the 1970s, some of the original members reunited in the 1980s under the name Amon Düül again, though this incarnation is commonly referred to as Amon Düül UK to avoid confusion with earlier versions of the band.

Amon Düül UK
Amon Düül (UK) was the British splinter of the German krautrock band Amon Düül II that was active during the 1980s. The band released four original studio albums during their career, and one compilation. The band was initially named Amon Düül II, then Amon Düül – the (UK) designation was later added by fans to differentiate this lineup from the earlier one.

Guitarist John Weinzerl and bassist Dave Anderson, both former members of Amon Düül II, formed the band in Wales in 1981. They were joined by drummer Guy Evans from the British progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator and vocalist Julie Wareing.

Four Amon Düül (UK) releases have been remastered and reissued as of August 2008.
African Trade and Investment Development Insurance
The African Trade & Investment Development Insurance (ATIDI) is an investment, trade and political risk-mitigation institution on the African continent intended to provide insurance against political (investment) and commercial risks in order to attract foreign direct investment to the region. ATIDI was founded in 2001 by seven COMESA countries, with technical and financial backing of The World Bank.

ATIDI is Africa's only multilateral investment and credit insurer and as of 31 December 2023 it had supported trade and investments into Africa valued at over USD85 billion  since inception. ATIDI facilitates partnerships between African countries, lenders, investors, traders and insurers by providing Political (Investment) Risk Insurance to lenders and investors and also (Trade) Credit Insurance and Surety Bonds to commercial bank lenders and private sector traders of goods and services.

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) is a regional economic community in Africa with twenty-one member states stretching from Tunisia to Eswatini. COMESA was formed in December 1994, replacing a Preferential Trade Area which had existed since 1981. Nine of the member states formed a free trade area in 2000 (Djibouti, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Sudan, Zambia and Zimbabwe), with Rwanda and Burundi joining the FTA in 2004, the Comoros and Libya in 2006, Seychelles in 2009, Uganda in 2012 and Tunisia in 2018.

COMESA is one of the pillars of the African Economic Community.

In 2008, COMESA agreed to an expanded free-trade zone including members of two other African trade blocs, the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC).  COMESA is also considering a common visa scheme to boost tourism.
2018 Arizona State House of Representatives election
The 2018 Arizona House of Representatives election took place on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, with the primary election held on Tuesday, August 28, 2018. Arizona voters elected all 60 members of the Arizona House of Representatives in multi-member districts to serve two-year terms.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Arizona state elections, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House, Arizona governor and Arizona Senate.

Following the previous election in 2016, Republicans held a 35-to-25-seat majority over Democrats. Republicans maintained their majority in 2018, though the GOP majority narrowed to 31 seats. At 29 members, Democrats experienced a net gain of four seats. The newly elected members served in the 54th Arizona State Legislature, during which Republican Russell W. "Rusty" Bowers was elected Speaker of the Arizona House.

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the State of Arizona, one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2018 Arizona gubernatorial election, as well as other elections to the U.S. House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The 2018 general elections saw the Democratic party gain the 2nd congressional district, thus flipping the state from a 5–4 Republican advantage to a 5–4 Democratic advantage, the first time since the 2012 election in which Democrats held more House seats in Arizona than the Republicans.
Big Ten Men's Ice Hockey Player of the Year
The Big Ten Player of the Year is an annual award given out at the conclusion of the Big Ten regular season to the best player in the conference as voted by a media panel and the head coaches of each team.

The Player of the Year was first awarded in 2014 and is a successor to the CCHA Player of the Year which was discontinued after the conference dissolved due to the 2013–14 NCAA conference realignment.

CCHA Player of the Year
The CCHA Player of the Year is an annual award given out at the conclusion of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association regular season to the best player in the conference as voted by the coaches of each CCHA team. The award went on hiatus after the original CCHA was disbanded after the 2012–13 season, and was reinstated when the league resumed play in 2021–22.

The Player of the Year was first awarded in 1977 and every year thereafter until 2013, when the original CCHA was dissolved as a consequence of the Big Ten Conference forming its men's ice hockey conference. The award returned along with the league in 2022.

Two players (Brendan Morrison and Ryan Miller) have received the award two separate times, both doing so in consecutive years.
James Murray Beck
James Murray Beck CM FRSC (1914 – 30 June 2011) was a Canadian historian from Nova Scotia. Born in Lunenburg, Beck taught for 17 years at Dalhousie University where he became professor emeritus. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1976, and was appointed to the Order of Canada in 1995. Beck extensively covered the Nova Scotia politician Joseph Howe in his research, publishing a complete account of his life across two volumes in 1984. He died in Halifax at the age of 96.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)