hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Vaught's Hill
The Battle of Vaught's Hill, also known as the Battle of Milton, took place during the American Civil War on March 20, 1863, in Rutherford County, Tennessee. The army of Union colonel Albert S. Hall won against the cavalry division of Confederate brigadier general John Hunt Morgan.

Rutherford County, Tennessee
Rutherford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in Middle Tennessee. As of a 2023 estimate, the population was 367,101, making it the fifth-most populous county in Tennessee. A study conducted by the University of Tennessee projects Rutherford County to become the third largest county in Tennessee by population by 2050. Its county seat is Murfreesboro, which is also the geographic center of Tennessee. As of 2010, it is the center of population of Tennessee. Rutherford County is included in the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Ōtaki Domain
Ōtaki Domain (大多喜藩, Ōtaki-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of the Edo period, located in Kazusa Province (modern-day Chiba Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Ōtaki Castle in what is now the town of Ōtaki, Chiba.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Camilo (singer)
Camilo Echeverri Correa (born March 16, 1994), known mononymously as Camilo, is a Colombian singer, musician and songwriter. Born in Medellín, Antioquia, his accolades include six Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Award nominations.

He is known for his singles "Vida de Rico", "Una Vida Pasada" with Carin Leon, "Tutu" alongside Pedro Capó and Shakira, and collaborations like "Tattoo Remix" with Rauw Alejandro, "CONTIGO VOY A MUERTE" with Karol G and "Desconocidos" with Mau y Ricky and Manuel Turizo. His music is generally categorized as Latin pop with a mix of urbano music and is noted for his romantic lyrics and treble voice.

He debuted in 2008, after winning the talent show Factor XS in 2007. He is also known for writing and producing hits for other artists including Becky G and Natti Natasha's "Sin Pijama" and Anitta's "Veneno".

Mau y Ricky
Mau & Ricky is a Venezuelan Latin pop and reggaeton duo formed by singer-songwriter brothers Mauricio Alberto "Mau" Reglero Rodríguez (born August 17, 1993) and Ricardo Andrés "Ricky" Reglero Rodríguez (born November 21, 1990), both sons of Argentine-Venezuelan singer Ricardo Montaner.

Songs such as the "Mi Mala" remix featuring Karol G, Becky G, Leslie Grace and Lali (which peaked at No. 44 on the Hot Latin Songs), have catapulted onto the Latin Urban Pop charts.

The duo has released an EP, Arte, on Sony Music Latin, and an album Para Aventuras y Curiosidades, which peaked at No. 3 on Billboard's Latin Pop.

They were nominated for the 2017 Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist and Song of the Year and chosen by YouTube Music as the only Latin Artist to be part of "Artist on the Rise" in 2019.
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (died 1335)
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (ca. 1285 - 27 August 1335), Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church from 17 December 1316 until his death, was a Roman nobleman, a nephew of Pope Nicholas III and a grandson of Matteo Rosso Orsini.

He was sometimes recorded under the names Gian Gaetano Orsini and Giangaetano Orsini.

In 1326 the Avignon Pope John XXII sent him as his Legate a latere to Italy, then much troubled by civil wars, with the task of bringing peace. In the event, Orsini found himself embroiled in battles with the Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria and his antipope Nicholas V. After taking Rome and becoming Captain of the city, he pursued his own Orsini interests, however, and lost the support of the pope. He was dismissed as legate in 1334 and died the next year.

Matteo Rosso Orsini
Matteo Rosso Orsini (1178–1246), called the Great, was an Italian politician, the father of Pope Nicholas III. He was named senatore of the City of Rome by Pope Gregory IX in 1241: in this capacity he took a firm stand against the ventures in Italy of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and defeated him in 1243.

He was an effective lord of the Eternal City during sede vacante of 1241 and had a considerable influence on the papal election of that year, when the cardinal electors were confined in the Septizodium by his orders.

Following the election of Goffredo da Castiglione as Pope Celestine IV, Celestine's sole act in his 17-day papacy was to excommunicate Matteo, however, the assertion is disputed due to Matteo remaining senatore until 1242, and due to the naming of his son, Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, as cardinal in 1244.

He extended the territories of the Orsini family. He was also a personal friend of St Francis of Assisi and protector of  his order.
2022–23 Saudi Third Division
The 2022–23 Saudi Third Division was the second season of the Saudi Third Division since its inception in 2021. The season started on 3 November 2022 and concluded with the final on 10 March 2023. The group stage draw was held on 8 June 2022.

The final was played on 10 March 2023 between Al-Noor and Mudhar. Mudhar defeated Al-Noor 1–0 to win their first title.

2021–22 Saudi Third Division
The 2021–22 Saudi Third Division was the inaugural season of the Saudi Third Division, the newly introduced fourth tier of Saudi football. The season started on 28 October 2021 and concluded with the final on 19 March 2022. The group stage draw was held on 7 June 2021. The league was made up of 32 teams, 4 relegated teams from the 2020–21 Saudi Second Division and the 28 teams that qualified for the Round of 32 of the 2020–21 Saudi Third Division.

The final was played on 19 March 2022 between Al-Qous and Al-Suqoor. Al-Suqoor defeated Al-Qous 2–1 to become the inaugural champions.
International Broadcasting Bureau
The International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) is the technical support outlet within the United States Agency for Global Media (USAGM) (former Broadcasting Board of Governors, BBG), which is a U.S. independent agency. The IBB supports the day-to-day operations of Voice of America (VOA) and the Office of Cuba Broadcasting (Radio y Televisión Martí). Moreover, it also provides transmission and technical support for all of the independent non-military broadcasting services funded by the USAGM. The IBB is located in Washington, D.C.

Independent agencies of the United States federal government
In the United States federal government, independent agencies are agencies that exist outside the federal executive departments (those headed by a Cabinet secretary) and the Executive Office of the President.: 6  In a narrower sense, the term refers only to those independent agencies that, while considered part of the executive branch, have regulatory or rulemaking authority and are insulated from presidential control, usually because the president's power to dismiss the agency head or a member is limited.

Established through separate statutes passed by Congress, each respective statutory grant of authority defines the goals the agency must work towards, as well as what substantive areas, if any, over which it may have the power of rulemaking. These agency rules (or regulations), when in force, have the power of federal law.
Management of ME/CFS
Management of ME/CFS (myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome) focuses on symptoms management, as no treatments that address the root cause of the illness are available.: 29  Pacing, or regulating one's activities to avoid triggering worse symptoms, is the most common management strategy for post-exertional malaise. Clinical management varies widely, with many patients receiving combinations of therapies. The prognosis of ME/CFS is poor, with recovery considered "rare".

There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for ME/CFS, although medications are sometimes used without approval for the illness (off-label). Drugs have been used in experimental studies of the illness that have not been approved for market for any condition in the United States (for example, isoprinosine and rintatolimod). Rintatolimod has been approved for import and use in Argentina.

Post-exertional malaise
Post-exertional malaise (PEM), sometimes referred to as post-exertional symptom exacerbation (PESE) or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), is a worsening of symptoms that occurs after minimal exertion. It is the hallmark symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and common in long COVID and fibromyalgia. PEM is often severe enough to be disabling, and is triggered by ordinary activities that healthy people tolerate. Typically, it begins 12–48 hours after the activity that triggers it, and lasts for days, but this is highly variable and may persist much longer. Management of PEM is symptom-based, and patients are recommended to pace their activities to avoid triggering PEM.
John Butler, 15th Earl of Ormonde
John Butler (died 1766), known as John Butler of Kilcash, a member of the Irish landed gentry, was de jure 15th Earl of Ormond and 8th Earl of Ossory. He did not assume these titles as he thought them forfeit by the attainder of the 2nd Duke of Ormond. He did, however, inherit the Ormond estate from the 1st Earl of Arran through Arran's sister Amelia. In 1791, the title of Earl of Ormond would be successfully claimed by his cousin, the 17th Earl.

James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde
James FitzJames Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, KG, PC (29 April 1665 – 16 September 1745) was an Irish statesman and army officer. He was the third of the Kilcash branch of the family to inherit the earldom of Ormond. Like his grandfather, the 1st Duke, he was raised as a Protestant, unlike his extended family who held to Roman Catholicism. He served in the campaign to put down the Monmouth Rebellion, in the Williamite War in Ireland, in the Nine Years' War and in the War of the Spanish Succession but was accused of treason and went into exile after the Jacobite rising of 1715.
German submarine U-2345
German submarine U-2345 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 20 September 1943, and was laid down on 7 September 1944 at Deutsche Werft AG, Hamburg, as yard number 499. She was launched on 28 October 1944 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Karl Steffen on 15 November 1944.

Type XXIII submarine
German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboote ("electric boats") to become operational. They were small coastal submarines designed to operate in the shallow waters of the North Sea, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, where larger Type XXI electric boats were at risk in World War II. They were so small they could carry only two torpedoes, which had to be loaded externally. As with their far larger sisters—the Type XXI—they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats, due to the improved streamlining of their shape, batteries with larger capacity and the snorkel, which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged. The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design. Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II, but most of these were either cancelled, scrapped incomplete, or only projected.
Portrait of Jack Hunter
Portrait of Jack Hunter (Russian: Портрет Джека Хантера) is a painting by the Russian-American artist Nicolai Fechin (1881–1955) from the collection of the State Russian Museum in Saint Petersburg.  The author portrayed an employee of the American insurance company and collector Jack R. Hunter. The portrait has a special value for the Russian Museum collection, as it represents the American period of the artist's work.

Russian Museum
The State Russian Museum (Russian: Государственный Русский музей), formerly known as the Russian Museum of His Imperial Majesty Alexander III (Russian: Русский Музей Императора Александра III), on Arts Square  in Saint Petersburg, is the world's largest depository of Russian fine art. It is also one of the largest art museums in the world with a total area over 30 hectares. In 2022 it attracted  2,651,688  visitors, ranking twelfth on list of most-visited art museums in the world.
David Young, Baron Young of Graffham
David Ivor Young, Baron Young of Graffham, CH, PC, DL (27 February 1932 – 9 December 2022) was a British Conservative politician, businessman, and life peer. He served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Employment and Secretary of State for Trade and Industry under Margaret Thatcher, and later reported to government on health and safety, small business and government procurement.

Order of the Companions of Honour
The Order of the Companions of Honour is an order of the Commonwealth realms. It was founded on 4 June 1917 by King George V as a reward for outstanding achievements. It was founded on the same date as the Order of the British Empire.

The order was originally intended to be conferred upon a limited number of persons for whom this special distinction seemed to be the most appropriate form of recognition, constituting an honour dissociated from either the acceptance of title or the classification of merit. It is now described as being "awarded for having a major contribution to the arts, science, medicine, or government lasting over a long period of time". The first recipients of the order were all decorated for "services in connection with the war" and were listed in The London Gazette.
The Day We Caught the Train
"The Day We Caught the Train" is a song by British rock band Ocean Colour Scene. The song was released on 3 June 1996 as the third single from their second studio album, Moseley Shoals (1996), and reached number four on the UK Singles Chart, achieving platinum status for sales and streams exceeding 600,000. The single was also released as an acoustic alternative on a second CD, with additional B-sides including "Justine", which is a re-recording that had originally appeared on Ocean Colour Scene, and "Travellers Tune", which was included on the band's third album, Marchin' Already.

Travellers Tune
"Travellers Tune" is a song by English rock band Ocean Colour Scene. American soul singer P. P. Arnold provides additional vocals on the track. The song was released on 25 August 1997 as the second single from the band's third studio album, Marchin' Already (1997), and reached number five on the UK Singles Chart.
Stanley Venn Ellis
Captain Stanley Venn Ellis (8 August 1875 – 31 May 1916) was a senior Royal Navy officer. He was in command of HMS Defence, the flagship of Rear Admiral Sir Robert Arbuthnot at the Battle of Jutland, and was killed in action alongside the Admiral when she exploded and sank with the loss of all hands after her magazine was hit by a German salvo.

Sir Robert Arbuthnot, 4th Baronet
Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Keith Arbuthnot, 4th Baronet, KCB, MVO (23 March 1864 – 31 May 1916) was a Royal Navy officer during the First World War. He was killed at the Battle of Jutland, when the cruiser squadron he commanded came under heavy fire after a bold but ill-judged attack on the German battle fleet.
E. Fay Jones
Euine Fay Jones (January 31, 1921 – August 30, 2004) was an American architect and designer. An apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright during his professional career, Jones is the only one of Wright's disciples to have received the AIA Gold Medal (1990), the highest honor awarded by the American Institute of Architects. He also achieved international prominence as an architectural educator during his 35 years of teaching at the University of Arkansas School of Architecture.

His Thorncrown Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, 20 years after it was built, in recognition of its architectural significance. It also has received a Twenty-five Year Award from the American Institute of Architects and other professional recognition.

AIA Gold Medal
The AIA Gold Medal is awarded by the American Institute of Architects conferred "by the national AIA Board of Directors in recognition of a significant body of work of lasting influence on the theory and practice of architecture."

It is the Institute's highest award. The medal was established in 1907. Since 1947, the medal has been awarded more-or-less annually.
Arun Nehru
Arun Kumar Nehru (24 April 1944 – 25 July 2013) was an Indian politician and columnist. He was member of the 9th Lok Sabha from Bilhaur as a Janata Dal leader. Earlier, he was member of the 7th and 8th Lok Sabhas from Rae Bareli on an Indian National Congress ticket. In his political career, Nehru served in various ministerial positions, including serving as the Minister of State for Home Affairs from September 1985 to October 1986. A member of the Nehru–Gandhi family, Nehru was noted in the media to be the second most powerful person in the Indian government during his tenure as Minister of State for Home Affairs, after his cousin Rajiv Gandhi, who was then Prime Minister of India. Nehru was also a member of the V. P. Singh cabinet.

7th Lok Sabha
The 7th Lok Sabha, (18 January 1980 – 31 December 1984) was elected in 1980 Indian general election. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India nine sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 7th Lok Sabha after the 1980 Indian general election. Indira Gandhi became the Prime minister on 14 January 1980, after INC and alliances won 353 seats, 199 seats more than previous 6th Lok Sabha. Rajiv Gandhi became Prime minister on 31 October 1984 after the assassination of Indira Gandhi. The next 8th Lok Sabha was formed on 31 December 1984 after the 1984 Indian general election. With roughly 9.3% of total MPs being Muslims, the 7th Lok Sabha had more Muslim MPs than any other in Indian history.
Ramnadi
The Ramnadi is a river in Pune District and is a tributary of the Mula. It originates in the Sahyadris near Khatpewadi, north-west of Pune city. The river flows through the Bhugaon, Bhukum, Bavdhan, Pashan, Baner and Aundh areas of Pune city. It is defined as a brook by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC).

The width of the river channel has decreased due to illegal constructions and dumping of construction debris. These constructions are yet to be removed. Many rallies have been held to save the river. However, it has been turned into a sewage canal due to dumping of garbage on its banks. Many local residents are in fact unaware of the river's existence. Due to the river's deteriorating condition, the PMC has undertaken a project to beautify this river. The proposal includes development of a garden along the banks of the river.

The Pashan Lake and Manas lake are the major water bodies on the river basin.

Mula River (India)
The Mula is a river in Pune, in Maharashtra state of India. It is dammed near the Western Ghats at the Mulshi Dam that forms the Mulshi Lake. Further downstream, in Pune city, it merges with the Pawana River on the left bank and Mutha River on the right bank to form the Mula-Mutha river, which later meets the Bhima River, which in turn is a tributary of Krishna River.

The river forms the boundary between the limits of the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation and the Pune Municipal Corporation.The Mula flows through the center of Pune city.
John Hodge (engineer)
John Dennis Hodge (10 February 1929 – 19 May 2021) was a British aerospace engineer. He worked for the CF-105 Avro Arrow jet interceptor project in Canada. When it was cancelled in 1959, he became a member of NASA's Space Task Group, which later became the Johnson Space Center. During his NASA career, he worked as a flight director and planner. As the on-shift flight director of the Gemini 8 spaceflight crewed by Neil Armstrong and Dave Scott as it entered a spin, Hodge was credited with the safe landing of these astronauts.

When he returned to NASA in the 1980s, he worked as a manager on the Space Station Freedom project, which later became the International Space Station. He also served as an administrator at the United States Department of Transportation.

Flight controller
Flight controllers are personnel who aid space flight by working in mission control centers such as NASA's Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center or ESA's European Space Operations Centre. Flight controllers work at computer consoles and use telemetry to monitor various technical aspects of a space mission in real-time. Each controller is an expert in a specific area and constantly communicates with additional experts in the "back room". The flight director, who leads the flight controllers, monitors the activities of a team of flight controllers, and has overall responsibility for success and safety.
Benshengren
Benshengren are ethnic Hoklo or Hakka Taiwanese nationals who settled on the island prior to or during the Japanese colonization of Taiwan. Its usage is to differentiate the different culture, customs, and political sentiments within contemporary Taiwan between those who lived through World War II on the island and later migrants from Mainland China, who are known as waishengren. Hoklo and Hakka people who migrated to Taiwan after 1945, especially those who migrated with the retreat of the Nationalist-Led Chinese Government to Taiwan in 1949 are not included in this term.

Hoklo people
The Hoklo people (Chinese: 福佬人; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ho̍h-ló-lâng) are a Han Chinese sub-ethnic group who speak Hokkien, a Southern Min language, or trace their ancestry to southeastern Fujian in China, and known by various related terms such as Banlam people (閩南人; Bân-lâm-lâng), Minnan people, Fujianese people or more commonly in Southeast Asia as the Hokkien people (福建人; Hok-kiàn-lâng).  The Hokkien people are found in significant numbers in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and the United States. The Hokkien people have a distinct culture and architecture, including Hokkien shrines and temples with tilted sharp eaves, high and slanted top roofs, and finely detailed decorative inlays of wood and porcelain. The Hokkien language, which includes Taiwanese Hokkien, is the mainstream Southern Min, which is partially mutually intelligible to other Southern Min varieties such as Teochew, Zhongshan, Haklau, and Zhenan.
Cora Neumann
Dr. Cora Neumann is an American politician elected to the Montana Senate from the 30th district in the 2024 election, as a member of the Democratic Party. Neumann ran for U.S. House of Representatives in Montana's first congressional district in 2022, but was defeated by Monica Tranel in the primary.

Sen. Neumann works in public health and previously was a senior advisor to the State Department’s Global Women’s
Business Initiative.

Monica Tranel
Monica Joan Tranel (also Tranel-Michini; born May 4, 1966) is an American rower, lawyer, and political candidate. She competed at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics. Tranel ran unsuccessfully for Montana's 1st congressional district as a member of the Democratic Party in the 2022 and 2024 U.S. House of Representatives elections in Montana. Before running for Congress, she was twice a candidate for the Montana Public Service Commission and sought election to the Helena City Commission.