hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Humvee replacement process
The Humvee replacement process was an effort by the U.S. military to replace the current AM General Humvee multi-purpose motor vehicle. The Humvee had evolved several times since its introduction in 1985, and is now used in tactical roles for which it was not originally intended. The U.S. military pursued several initiatives to replace it, both in the short and long term. The short-term replacement efforts utilize commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) vehicles, while the long-term efforts focused on building requirements for the Humvee replacement and technology research and evaluation in the form of various prototype vehicles.

After going through the replacement process, the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV), manufactured by Oshkosh Corporation, was chosen as the successor.

AM General
AM General is an American heavy vehicle and contract automotive manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana. It is best known for the civilian Hummer and the military Humvee that are assembled in Mishawaka, Indiana. From 1974 through 1979, the company also manufactured transit buses, making more than 5,400 of them.

AM General has also been a provider of vehicles for the CUCV program carried out by the United States Armed Forces.
Cape Town Railway & Dock 0-4-2
The Cape Town Railway & Dock 0-4-2 of 1860 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

In 1860, the Cape Town Railway and Dock Company took delivery of eight 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) broad gauge tender locomotives with a 0-4-2 wheel arrangement, the first tender locomotives to work in South Africa. They were acquired for service on the Cape Town-Wellington railway, which was still under construction.

In 1872, these locomotives came onto the roster of the Cape Government Railways, which took over the operation of all railways in the Cape of Good Hope. They remained in service on the Wellington line while it was being converted to dual broad-and-Cape gauges from 1872, and were only retired in 1881 when sufficient Cape gauge locomotives were in service.

Track gauge conversion
Track gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another. In general, requirements depend on whether the conversion is from a wider gauge to a narrower gauge or vice versa, on how the rail vehicles can be modified to accommodate a track gauge conversion, and on whether the gauge conversion is manual or automated.
The Panther (horse)
The Panther (8 February 1916 – October 1931) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from May 1918 to October 1919 he ran seven times and won three races. Although he ran only three times in 1918, he was rated the best British two-year-old of the year on the strength of his win in the Autumn Stakes. The following spring he won the Classic 2000 Guineas at Newmarket. He started favourite for The Derby but finished unplaced after becoming distressed before the race. He failed to recover his form in two subsequent races and was retired to a stud career in Argentina. He was returned to Britain shortly before his death in 1931.

British Classic Races
The British Classics are five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season. They are restricted to three-year-old horses, and traditionally represent the pinnacle of achievement for racehorses against their own age group. As such, victory in any classic marks a horse as amongst the very best of a generation. Victory in two or even three of the series (a rare feat known as the Triple Crown) marks a horse as truly exceptional.
Jess Breach
Jessica Frances "Jess" Breach (born 4 November 1997) is an English professional rugby union footballer who plays for Saracens and England. Her preferred position is wing. She was the top try scorer for England when they won the 2025 World Cup.

England women's national rugby union team
The England women's national rugby union team, commonly known as the Red Roses, represents England in women's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Women's Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 21 out of 30 occasions  – winning the Grand Slam 19 times and the Triple Crown 25 times – making them the most successful side in the tournament's history. They have won the Women's Rugby World Cup on three occasions (1994, 2014, and 2025), and have been runners-up on six other occasions. Their current permanent head coach, as of October 2023, is John Mitchell. They currently hold the longest ever winning streak in rugby, of 33 consecutive games as of the 2025 World Cup final.
Wharfedale Greenway
The Wharfedale Greenway is a proposed cycleway, footpath and equestrian route which will run along the route of the former Otley and Ilkley Joint Railway between Burley in Wharfedale and Pool in Wharfedale via Otley, West Yorkshire, England. The railway previously connected the extant Wharfedale and Harrogate lines until its closure in 1965. It will also have a branch southwards towards Menston alongside the remaining railway to Ilkley. The rail trail has been planned by Sustrans and the parish councils along the route since 2010 and was approved by Leeds City Council in July 2020.  The Friends of Wharfedale Greenway was established in 2021. It is a group of volunteers dedicated to raising awareness and support for the creation of a greenway along the Wharfe Valley. Its mission is to connect communities, promote sustainable transportation, and preserve the natural beauty of the area.

Leeds City Council
Leeds City Council is the local authority of the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. Leeds has had a council since 1626, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 it has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the second most populous local government district in the United Kingdom with approximately 800,000 inhabitants living within its area; only Birmingham City Council has more. Since 1 April 2014, it has been a constituent council of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2011. It meets at Leeds Civic Hall and has its main offices at Merrion House.
Politics of British Columbia
The politics of British Columbia involve not only the governance of British Columbia, Canada, and the various political factions that have held or vied for legislative power, but also a number of experiments or attempts at political and electoral reform.

A constitutional monarchy, the Crown is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the Crown-in-Council; the legislature, as the Crown-in-Parliament; and the courts, as the Crown-on-the-Bench. Three institutions—the Executive Council (Cabinet); the Legislative Assembly; and the judiciary, respectively—exercise the powers of the Crown.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
HMS Defender (D114)
HMS Defender was a Daring-class destroyer of the Royal Navy.

Built as yard number 609 at Alexander Stephen and Sons, and originally intended to be named Dogstar, she was launched on 27 July 1950.  After a career which saw her involved in the Korean War and conflicts in Malaya, Cyprus, Suez and Aden, she was listed for disposal in 1969, and was used for target practice in the Forth.  She was sold to James A White & Co Ltd, Inverkeithing, Fife for breaking in 1972.

Firth of Forth
The Firth of Forth (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is a bay in Scotland, an inlet of the North Sea that separates Fife to its north and Lothian to its south. Further inland, it becomes the estuary of the River Forth and several other rivers.
Brigantiaea
Brigantiaea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Brigantiaeaceae. The genus was established in 1853 by the Italian botanist Vittore Trevisan and is named after Francesco Briganti, a professor at the University of Naples. These lichens are recognised by their bright yellow to orange fruiting bodies that stand out against their crusty, wart-textured surface.

Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon
Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon (5 June 1818, in Padua – 8 April 1897, in Milan) was an Italian botanist who specialized in cryptogamic flora. He edited the exsiccata Lichenotheca Veneta.

During his career, he was a professor of natural history in Padua. In 1882, he was named president of the Accademia fisio-medica-statistica in Milan.

In 1848, he circumscribed the genus Romanoa (family Euphorbiaceae)  and in 1861, named the genus Speerschneidera (family Bacidiaceae). In 1888, he circumscribed the (Algae) genus Nocardia (family Nocardiaceae) that is now classed as bacteria.
Also, he is also the taxonomic authority of the fern genera Blechnopteris (synonym of Blechnum L.), Neurosorus (synonym of Coniogramme Fée,)and Oligocampia (synonym of Athyrium Roth).
Michel Demazure
Michel Demazure (French: [dəmazyʁ]; born 2 March 1937) is a French mathematician. He made contributions in the fields of abstract algebra, algebraic geometry, and computer vision, and participated in the Nicolas Bourbaki collective. He has also been president of the French Mathematical Society and directed two French science museums.

Société mathématique de France
The Société Mathématique de France (SMF) is the main professional society of French mathematicians.

The society was founded in 1872 by Émile Lemoine and is one of the oldest mathematical societies in existence. It publishes several academic journals: Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure, Astérisque, Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France, Gazette de la Société mathématique de France, Mémoires de la Société Mathématique de France, Panoramas et Synthèses, and Revue d'histoire des mathématiques.
Rockin' Over the Beat
"Rockin' Over the Beat" is a song by Belgian dance act Technotronic. It was released in April 1990 as the fourth and final single from the act's debut studio album, Pump Up the Jam. It is accredited to "Technotronic featuring Ya Kid K", who co-wrote the track with Jo Bogaert (aka Thomas De Quincey).

The song is an upbeat house tune espousing the pleasures of dancing. It is representative of the positive and melodic feel of the Pump Up the Jam album. "Rockin' Over the Beat" was a respectable hit for Technotronic; it reached number five in Luxembourg, number nine in the UK, number eleven in Ireland and breached the US Billboard Hot 100 at number 95.

Pump Up the Jam (album)
Pump Up the Jam (also known as Pump Up the Jam: The Album in North America) is the debut studio album by Belgian dance act Technotronic. It was released on 28 November 1989. The initial album cover and early promotional videos featured a model named Felly, who lip-synched vocals performed by Belgian emcee Ya Kid K. When this was discovered, further videos featured Ya Kid K instead. The album reached number two on the UK Albums Chart.

Following the success of the "Move This" single in the US, the album was reissued in 1992 with Ya Kid K on the cover, billed as Technotronic featuring Ya Kid K, with Felly's name removed from the credits in the booklet.
Ted Wong (general)
Ming T. "Ted" Wong (born 22 October 1958) is a retired major general and dentist in the United States Army. He was Chief of the US Army Dental Corps from 2010 until his retirement in 2014 and variously served as Commander for the Western Regional Medical Command, the North Atlantic Regional Dental Command, the Southern Regional Medical Command, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, the Northern Regional Medical Command, and the Brooke Army Medical Center, among others.

Walter Reed Army Medical Center
The Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC), officially known as Walter Reed General Hospital (WRGH) until 1951, was the U.S. Army's flagship medical center from 1909 to 2011. Located on 113 acres (46 ha) in Washington, D.C., it served more than 150,000 active and retired personnel from all branches of the United States Armed Forces. The center was named after Walter Reed, a U.S. Army physician and Major who led the team that confirmed that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes rather than direct physical contact.

Since its origins, medical care at the facility grew from a bed capacity of 80 patients to approximately 5,500 rooms covering more than 28 acres (11 ha) of floor space. WRAMC combined with the National Naval Medical Center at Bethesda, Maryland, in 2011 to form the tri-service Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC). The grounds and historic buildings of the old campus are being redeveloped as The Parks at Walter Reed.
Weymouth Street
Weymouth Street lies in the Marylebone district of the City of Westminster and connects Marylebone High Street with Great Portland Street. The area was developed in the late 18th century by Henrietta Cavendish Holles and her husband Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford. This part of Marylebone was noted to part of Manor of Tyburn and dates back to the year 1086.

Marylebone High Street
Marylebone High Street is a shopping street in London, running sub-parallel to Baker Street and terminating at its northern end at the junction with Marylebone Road. Given its secluded location, the street has been described as "the hidden wonder of the West End" and it was voted Best Street in London in 2002 by listeners of BBC Radio 4, winning praise for its being "a haven in the middle of the frantic city." Marylebone High Street was also an electoral ward of the City of Westminster from 2002 to 2022; its population at the 2011 Census was 10,366.
HMS Mindful
HMS Mindful was a Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class destroyers were an improvement on the previous L-class, capable of higher speed. The vessel, launched in 1915, joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla under the flotilla leader Faulknor. The ship saw action during the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 and helped sink the German torpedo boat SMS V48. In March 1917, the destroyer was involved in a friendly fire incident, nearly sinking the British submarine G12. In June that year, the vessel was involved in the sinking of the German merchant ship SS Gamma in Norwegian waters, which led to a diplomatic protest from the Norwegian government. At the end of the war, Mindful was withdrawn from service and, in 1921, sold to be broken up.

Admiralty M-class destroyer
The M class, more properly known as the Admiralty M class, were a class of 85 destroyers built for the Royal Navy of United Kingdom that saw service during World War I. All ships were built to an identical – Admiralty – design, hence the class name. Eighteen other vessels which were officially included within the 'M' class were built to variant designs by three specialist builders – 10 by Yarrow, 6 by Thornycroft (who also built another 6 to the standard Admiralty design), and 2 by Hawthorn Leslie; these are covered in other articles.

The Admiralty design was based on the preceding L class but modified to produce an increase in speed by approximately 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph). All ships built to the Admiralty design had three identical narrow, circular funnels (this did not apply to the 18 ships built by the specialist yards).
BC Politekhnika-Halychyna
BC Lvivska Politekhnika, formerly since 2006 till 2016 BC Politekhnika-Halychyna (Ukrainian: БК "Політехніка-Галичина"), is a professional basketball club from Lviv, Ukraine. The club participated in the Ukrainian Basketball Superleague.

Club was founded in 1994 under the name "Lviv Polytechnic". The team represented the Lviv Polytechnic National University.

The name was from 2006 till 2016 with sponsorship reasons (sponsor – refining complex "Galychyna"). Home arena – sports palace " Halychyna".

Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague
The Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague (USL) (Ukrainian: Українська баскетбольна суперліга, romanized: Ukrainska basketbolna superliha) is the first-tier level of professional basketball league in Ukraine. Established in 1992, the league is currently contested by 10 clubs. It is a tier above the Ukrainian Higher League and allows for one team from the Higher League each season to be promoted.

The league exists out of a regular season, in which team play for playoff-seeding, followed by playoffs to determine the Ukrainian champion. Budivelnyk is the most successful team in league history with 11 titles. The winners of the Superleague qualify for the qualifying rounds of the Basketball Champions League (BCL).
Dani Díez
Daniel Díez de la Faya (born 17 May 1993) is a Spanish professional basketball player for Longevida San Pablo Burgos of the Spanish Primera FEB. He also represents the Spanish national team in international competition. He was selected by Utah Jazz in the 2015 NBA Draft.

Spain men's national basketball team
The Spain men's national basketball team (Spanish: Selección Española de Baloncesto) represents Spain in international basketball competitions. They are managed by the Spanish Basketball Federation, the governing body for basketball in Spain.

Spain has appeared 33 times at the EuroBasket, winning four gold medals, six silver medals, and four bronze medals. They have also competed at the Summer Olympics 14 times, with three silver medals and one bronze medal as their accomplishments. They have qualified for the FIBA World Cup 13 times, winning it twice, in 2006 and 2019.

Spain is currently ranked seventh in the FIBA World Ranking.
K. C. Manavedan Raja
His Highness Kizhakke Covilakam Manavedan Raja alias Cheriyanujan Raja (1855–1937) was an Indian aristocrat and administrator. He was the titular Zamorin of Calicut from 1932 to 1937.

Manavedan Raja was born in the Kottakkal branch of the Zamorin Royal family of Calicut in 1855. He graduated from the University of Madras and entered the provincial civil service, the first from the family. Appointed to the civil service on 4 June 1880, he rose to become Assistant Collector in 1882 and Sub-Collector by 1895. He also served as a District Collector and later a judge. In 1932, he succeeded to become the Zamorin of Calicut.

Zamorin
The Samoothiri (Anglicised as Zamorin; Malayalam: sāmūtiri, sāmūri, [saːmuː(d̪i)ɾi,], Arabic: sāmuri, Portuguese: Samorim, Dutch: Samorijn, Chinese: Shamitihsi) was the title of the erstwhile ruler and monarch of the Calicut kingdom in the South Malabar region of India. Originating from the former feudal kingdom of Nediyiruppu Swaroopam, the Samoothiris and their vassal kings from Nilambur Kovilakam established Calicut as one of the most important trading ports on the southwest coast of India. At the peak of their reign, they ruled over a region extending from Kozhikode Kollam to the forested borders of Panthalayini Kollam (Koyilandy). The Samoothiris belonged to the Eradi subcaste of the Samantan community of colonial Kerala, and were originally the ruling chiefs of Eranad. The final Zamorin of Calicut committed suicide by setting fire to his palace and burning himself alive inside it, upon learning that Hyder Ali had captured the neighboring country of Chirakkal in Kannur.
Bill Bonko
Bill Bonko is a Canadian politician and former member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. He was first elected in the 2004 election as a Liberal in Edmonton Decore, but was defeated in his 2008 re-election bid by Progressive Conservative Janice Sarich.

Alberta Liberal Party
53°32′40″N 113°32′08″W﻿ / ﻿53.5445°N 113.5356°W﻿ / 53.5445; -113.5356

The Alberta Liberal Party (French: Parti libéral de l'Alberta) is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1905, it is the oldest active political party in Alberta and was the dominant political party until the 1921 election, with the first three provincial Premiers being Liberals.  Since 1921, it has formed the official opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta several times, most recently from 1993 until 2012. Fourteen Liberals have served as Leader of the Opposition of Alberta.

The party was affiliated with the Liberal Party of Canada until 1976.
6 inch 35 caliber naval gun 1877
The 6 inch 35 caliber naval gun 1877 was a 152 mm naval gun used by the Russian Empire. The gun was used from 1887 as battleship secondary armament and cruiser armament. The gun was mostly replaced by newer 6 inch 45 caliber Canet gun 1892 at the time of the Russo-Japanese War, but was still used on some ships. During the First World War fourteen guns were used as coastal guns on Gulf of Finland in the Peter the Great's Naval Fortress and were taken over by Finland after Finland's Declaration of Independence in 1917. The guns were used by Finland in the Second World War. Russian model year 1877 refers to rifling system, not gun adoption.

Secondary armament
Secondary armaments are smaller, faster-firing weapons that are typically effective at a shorter range than the main (heavy) weapons on military systems, including battleship- and cruiser-type warships, tanks/armored personnel carriers, and rarely other systems.

The nature, disposition, size and purpose of Naval secondary weapon systems changed dramatically as the threat changed from torpedo boats, to torpedo-carrying destroyers, to aircraft, to anti-ship missiles.
Host adapter
In computer hardware a host controller, host adapter or host bus adapter (HBA) connects a computer system bus which acts as the host system to other network and storage devices. The terms are primarily used to refer to devices for connecting SCSI, SAS, NVMe, Fibre Channel and SATA devices. Devices for connecting to FireWire, USB and other devices may also be called host controllers or host adapters.

Host adapters can be integrated in the motherboard or be on a separate expansion card.

The term network interface controller (NIC) is more often used for devices connecting to computer networks, while the term converged network adapter can be applied when protocols such as iSCSI or Fibre Channel over Ethernet allow storage and network functionality over the same physical connection.

Computer data storage
Computer data storage or digital data storage is the retention of digital data via technology consisting of computer components and recording media. Digital data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.: 15–16

Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This distinction was extended in the Von Neumann architecture, where the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two main parts: The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory, while the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. In practice, almost all computers use a memory hierarchy,: 468–473  which puts memory close to the CPU and storage further away.

In modern computers, hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) are usually used as storage.