hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
On the Abolition of Bourgeois Rights
"On the Abolition of Bourgeois Rights" is a work written by Zhang Chunqiao. It was first published on September 15, 1958, in the sixth issue of the Liberation, a bimonthly magazine published in Shanghai, and later reprinted on October 13, 1958, by the People's Daily. It is considered one of the representative works of Zhang Chunqiao Thought and one of the principal documents of the Continuous Revolution Theory.

Continuous Revolution Theory
The Continuous Revolution Theory (Chinese: 继续革命论, sometimes also translated as the theory of continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat) is an element of Maoism. This is often subsumed under the subject of the Cultural Revolution.
R (Carson) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions & Another
R (Carson) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions & Another [2002] EWHC 978 (Admin) was heard in the Administration Court of the Queen's Bench Division in the High Court of Justice on 22 May 2002 before the Honourable Mr. Justice Burnton.

Annette Carson was the claimant, the Secretary of State for the Department for Work and Pensions (the UK Government) was the defendant and the Commonwealth of Australia was an intervening party.

This was a Human Rights Act 1998 case on the "right to property" under Article 1 of the First Protocol and Prohibition of Discrimination under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights as reflected in UK law.

Annette Carson
Annette Josephine Carson is a British non-fiction author specialising in history, biography and aviation, with a particular interest in King Richard III. Since 2002 she has also been an advocate for UK state pension parity for UK expatriates.
Antoine Digonet
Antoine Digonet (23 January 1763 – 17 March 1811) commanded a French brigade during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. He joined the French Royal Army and fought in the American Revolutionary War as a foot soldier. In 1792 he was appointed officer of a volunteer battalion. He fought the Spanish in the War of the Pyrenees and was promoted to general officer. Later he was transferred to fight French royalists in the War in the Vendée. In 1800 he was assigned to the Army of the Rhine and led a brigade at Stockach, Messkirch and Biberach. Shortly after, he was transferred to Italy. In 1805 he fought under André Masséna at Caldiero. He participated in the 1806 Invasion of Naples and led his troops against the British at Maida where his brigade put up a sturdy resistance. After briefly serving in the 1809 war, he took command of Modena and died there of illness in 1811. He never married.

Battle of Messkirch
The Battle of Messkirch (5 May 1800) saw a Republican French army led by Jean Victor Marie Moreau attack a Habsburg Austrian army commanded by Paul Kray. At the start of the 1800 campaign in Germany, Moreau's 108,000-strong field army faced Kray's 120,000-man army on opposite sides of the Rhine River. By a series of maneuvers, Moreau crossed the Rhine and concentrated superior forces to defeat Kray at the Battles of Stockach and Engen on 3 May. After Kray retreated a short distance to the north, the two adversaries met again at Meßkirch. After a well-contested fight, Kray withdrew again, conceding victory to the French.
F. William Engdahl
Frederick William Engdahl (born August 9, 1944) is an American writer based in Germany. He identifies himself as an "economic researcher, historian and freelance journalist." He is known for his views that the September 11 attacks, the Arab Spring and the theory of global warming are all conspiracies. He has written extensively for the LaRouche movement, Russia Today and GlobalResearch.

Michel Chossudovsky
Michel Chossudovsky (born 1946) is a Canadian economist and author. He is professor emeritus of economics at the University of Ottawa and the president and director of the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG), which runs the website globalresearch.ca, founded in 2001, which publishes falsehoods and conspiracy theories. Chossudovsky has promoted conspiracy theories about 9/11.

In 2017, the Centre for Research on Globalization was accused by information warfare specialists at NATO’s Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence (STRATCOM) of playing a key role in the spread of pro-Russian propaganda. A report by the U.S. State Department in August 2020 accused the website of being a proxy for a Russian disinformation campaign.
Mikado, Michigan
Mikado (/maɪˈkeɪˈdoʊ/ my-KAY-doe) is an unincorporated community in Alcona County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The community is located within Mikado Township along the intersection of county highways F-30 and F-41.

As an unincorporated community, Mikado has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own but does have its own post office with the 48745 ZIP Code.

Lincoln, Michigan
Lincoln is a village in Alcona County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 305 at the 2020 census.

The village is situated on the boundary between Gustin Township on the south and Hawes Township on the north. The Lincoln 48742 ZIP Code covers a much larger area extending into the townships of Alcona, Caledonia, and Haynes.
Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus
Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus (or Togidubnus, Togidumnus or similar; see naming difficulties) was a 1st-century king of the Regni or Regnenses tribe in early Roman Britain.

Chichester and the nearby Roman villa at Fishbourne, believed by some to have been Cogidubnus' palace, were probably part of the territory of the Atrebates tribe before the Roman conquest of Britain in AD 43. Cogidubnus may therefore have been an heir of Verica, the Atrebatic king whose overthrow prompted the emperor Claudius to invade. After the conquest, the area formed part of the civitas of the Regnenses / Regni, possibly Cogidubnus' kingdom before being incorporated into the Roman province. The public baths, amphitheatre and forum in Silchester were probably built in Cogidubnus' time.

Civitas
In Ancient Rome, a civitas (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkiːwɪtaːs]; plural civitates), sometimes translated as "city", was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by their laws, which gave them responsibilities (Latin: munera) on the one hand, and rights on the other. The agreement (concilium) has a life of its own, creating a res publica or "public entity" (synonymous with civitas), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are ejected. The civitas is not just the collective body of all the citizens; it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a civis.
Anthony Gelling
Anthony Gelling (born 18 October 1990) is a Cook Islands international rugby league footballer who plays as a centre, winger and second-row forward.

He has previously played for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League, the New Zealand Warriors in the National Rugby League, the Widnes Vikings in the Championship, and the Warrington Wolves and the Leigh Centurions in the Super League.

Cook Islands national rugby league team
The Cook Islands national rugby league team have represented the Cook Islands in international rugby league football since 1986. Administered by the Cook Islands Rugby League Association (CIRLA), the team has competed at three Rugby League World Cups, in 2000, 2013 and 2021.
Avars (Caucasus)
The Avars (/ˈævɑːrz/), also known as Maharuls' (Avar: магӀарулал, romanized: maⱨarulal, lit. 'mountaineers'), are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group. The Avars are the largest of several ethnic groups living in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The Avars reside in the North Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Alongside other ethnic groups in the North Caucasus region, the Avars live in ancient villages located approximately 2,000 meters above sea level. The Avar language spoken by the Caucasian Avars belongs to the family of Avar–Andic languages. Sunni Islam has been the prevailing religion of the Avars since the 14th century.

Northeast Caucasian languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea, in contrast to Pontic languages for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a family of languages spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in Northern Azerbaijan as well as in Georgia and diaspora populations in Western Europe and the Middle East. According to Glottolog, there are currently 36 Nakh-Dagestanian languages.
Steve O'Ban
Steven Thomas O'Ban (born July 12, 1961) is an American politician and attorney who served as a member of the Washington State Senate, representing the 28th district from 2013 to 2021. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives in 2013.

Washington's 28th legislative district
Washington's 28th legislative district is one of forty-nine districts in Washington state for representation in the state legislature. It is in Pierce County, and contains a bit of Tacoma, and the cities of Fircrest, University Place, Lakewood, Steilacoom, and DuPont. It also contains Ketron Island, Anderson Island, and McNeil Island.

The district's legislators are state senator T'wina Nobles and state representatives Mari Leavitt (position 1) and Dan Bronoske (position 2), all Democrats.
Avignon University
Avignon University (French: Avignon Université; formerly known as Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse) is a public university located in Avignon, France, and founded in 1303.

Avignon University is situated on two campuses: the Hannah Arendt Campus, located in the city centre of Avignon, and the Jean-Henri Fabre Campus, which is on the outskirts of town and includes the Agroparc facility for STEM teaching and research, as well as the Avignon University Institute of Technology.

The university is well regarded for its international education outreach, and was awarded the ERASMUS University Charter for Higher Education by the European Commission in 2021.

Avignon University is a member of the Association of Francophone Universities, the European Association for International Education, and the University Network of the European Capitals of Culture.

Lists of public universities and higher education institutes in France
The French Ministry of Higher Education and Research lists 160 public higher education establishments. It divides these into four categories:

65 universities

60 écoles

25 grands établissements

10 other establishments

These are summarized in the following template and further detailed in the lists that follow.
Burak Demirboğa
Burak Demirboğa (born 7 June 1996) is a retired Turkish figure skater. He has won three senior international medals and is a seven-time Turkish national champion (2018–24). He competed in the final segment at two European Championships (2018, 2020).

Turkish Figure Skating Championships
The Turkish Figure Skating Championships (Turkish: Artistik Buz Pateni Türkiye Şampiyonası) are held annually to determine the national champions of Turkey. Skaters compete in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels, although not every discipline is held every year due to a lack of participants. The event is organized by the Turkish Ice Skating Federation, the sport's national governing body.
Armorial of Romania
The Romanian government is the armiger in Romania. It exercises this right under the mandatory advice of the National Committee of Heraldry, Genealogy and Sigillography (Romanian: Comisia Națională de Heraldică, Genealogie și Sigilografie). The committee is subordinate to the Romanian Academy. All the coats of arms of Romanian institutions must be approved by this committee with two exceptions. The Romanian military is subject to the Ministry of National Defense Heraldric Committee, and Romanian law enforcement institutions are subject to the Ministry of Administration and Interior Heraldric Committee. Both of these committees may share members with the National Committee of Heraldry, Genealogy and Sigillography.

Ministry of Internal Affairs (Romania)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Romania (Romanian: Ministerul Afacerilor Interne) is one of the eighteen ministries of the Government of Romania.

From 23 August 1944 to 18 March 1975 the ministry held the title of Minister of Internal Affairs, between 2004 and 2007, held the title of Minister of Administration and Interior, and since April 2007, Minister of Interior and Administrative Reform. In December 2008, the Boc government changed the name back to Ministry of Administration and Interior.

Until 2006, the ministry was housed near Lipscani in Palatul Vama Poştei, built between 1914 and 1926 according to the architect Statie Ciortan's plans. In 2006 the ministry moved into the former building of the Senate on Revolution Square.
Toka Natua
Toka Natua (born 22 November 1991) is a New Zealand rugby footballer. She has represented New Zealand in rugby union and the Cook Islands in rugby league. She played for the Blues Women in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition.

New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.
Robert Richardson (cinematographer)
Robert Bridge Richardson, ASC (born August 27, 1955) is an American cinematographer.

Known for his works with Oliver Stone, Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino, he is also known for his trademark aggressively bright highlight and for exploring a variety of visual styles, both with film and digital cameras.

He is one of three living people who has won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography three times, along with Vittorio Storaro and Emmanuel Lubezki.

American Society of Cinematographers
The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC), founded in Hollywood in 1919, is a cultural, educational, and professional organization that is neither a labor union nor a guild. The society was organized to advance the science and art of cinematography and gather a wide range of cinematographers to discuss techniques and ideas and to advocate for motion pictures as a type of art form. Currently, the president of the ASC is Mandy Walker.

Members use the post-nominal letters "ASC". On the 1920 film titled Sand!, cinematographer Joseph H. August, who was an original member of the ASC, became the first individual to have the "ASC" appear after his name on the onscreen credit.

Only cinematographers and special effect supervisors can become ASC members. Basic requirements include being a director of photography for a minimum five out of the last eight years, having a high professional reputation and being recommended by three active or retired ASC members.
MediaInfo
MediaInfo is a cross-platform, free and open source program that displays technical information about media files, as well as tag information for many audio and video files. It is used in many programs such as XMedia Recode, MediaCoder, eMule, and K-Lite Codec Pack. It can be easily integrated into any program using a supplied MediaInfo.dll. MediaInfo supports popular video formats (e.g. Matroska, WebM, AVI, WMV, QuickTime, Real, DivX, XviD) as well as lesser known or emerging formats. In 2012 MediaInfo 0.7.57 was also distributed in the PortableApps format.

MediaInfo provides a command-line interface for displaying the provided information on all supported platforms. Additionally, a GUI for viewing the information on Microsoft Windows and macOS is provided.

Matroska
Matroska (styled Matroška) is a project to create a container format that can hold an unlimited number of video, audio, picture, or subtitle tracks in one file. The Matroska Multimedia Container is similar in concept to other containers like AVI, MP4, or Advanced Systems Format (ASF), but is an open standard.

Matroska file extensions are .mkv for video (which may include audio, subtitles and chapters), .mk3d for stereoscopic video, .mka for audio-only files (which may include subtitles), and .mks for subtitles only.
Konbaung conquest of Arakan
In late 1784, the Konbaung dynasty of Burma, under King Bodawpaya, launched a significant military campaign against the Kingdom of Arakan (now Rakhine State). Within a short time, the Royal Burmese Army captured Mrauk U, the capital of Arakan, in January 1785, effectively ending the Kingdom of Mrauk U, which had ruled for nearly 350 years.

Bodawpaya
Bodawpaya (Burmese: ဘိုးတော်ဘုရား, pronounced [bódɔ̀ pʰəjá]; Thai: ปดุง; 11 March 1745 – 5 June 1819) was the sixth king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. Born Maung Shwe Waing and later Badon Min, he was the fourth son of Alaungpaya, founder of the dynasty and the Third Burmese Empire. He was proclaimed king after deposing his nephew Phaungkaza Maung Maung, son of his eldest brother Naungdawgyi, at Ava. Bodawpaya moved the royal capital back to Amarapura in 1782. He was titled Hsinbyumyashin (lit. 'Lord of the White Elephants'), not to be confused with his older brother Hsinbyushin. However, he became known to posterity as Bodawpaya (Grandsire) in relation to his successor, his grandson Bagyidaw (Royal Elder Uncle), who in turn was given this name in relation to his nephew Mindon Min. He fathered 70 sons and 67 daughters by about 54 consorts.
Frank Carlson
Frank Carlson (January 23, 1893 – May 30, 1987) was an American politician who served as the 30th governor of Kansas, Kansas State representative, United States representative, and United States senator from Kansas. Carlson is the only Kansan to have held all four offices. His political career spanned 40 years, beginning in November 1928 and ending in January 1969.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
Rabeneck Castle
Rabeneck Castle (German: Burg Rabeneck) is a former high mediaeval aristocratic castle which stands high above the valley of the Wiesent in the Upper Franconian district of Bayreuth in the German state of Bavaria.

The castle is open to the public; however, there is an entrance fee.

Wiesent (Regnitz)
Wiesent (German pronunciation: [ˈviːzɛnt]) is a river located in Bavaria, Germany. It is a right tributary of the river Regnitz. It is the main river of the Franconian Switzerland region, rising near the village Steinfeld. It flows through the towns Hollfeld, Muggendorf and Ebermannstadt, and joins the Regnitz in Forchheim.
Loyola House
Loyola House or its full name Loyola House Retreat and Training Centre is a Jesuit spirituality centre in Guelph, Ontario. It moved to Guelph in 1964 and was the centre of a renewal in Ignatian spirituality in the 1970s. It is within the grounds of the Ignatius Jesuit Centre situated on Woolwich Street to the west of Riverside Park. In the 1960s and 1970s it was the centre of a significant shift in Ignatian spirituality.

Ignatian spirituality
Ignatian spirituality is a Catholic spirituality founded on the experiences of the 16th-century Spanish Saint Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuit order. The main idea of this form of spirituality comes from Ignatius's Spiritual Exercises, the aim of which is to help one "conquer oneself and to regulate one's life in such a way that no decision is made under the influence of any inordinate attachment." The Exercises are intended to give the person undertaking them a greater degree of freedom from their own likes and dislikes, so that their choices are based solely on what they discern God's will is for them. Even in the composition of the exercises by Ignatius early in his career, one might find the apostolic thrust of his spirituality in his contemplation on "The Call of the Earthly King": 91ff  and in his final contemplation with its focus on finding God in all things.: 235
Lord Lyon (horse)
Lord Lyon (1863–1887) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1866 Epsom Derby, 2,000 Guineas Stakes and the St. Leger Stakes, becoming the third winner of the English Triple Crown. Lord Lyon raced until he was four-years old and was retired to stud in 1868. He is considered to be a marginally successful sire with his most notable progeny being the colt Minting and the filly Placida. He was euthanized in April 1887 after several years of failing health.

Minting (horse)
Minting (1883–1909) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from 1885 to 1888 he ran twelve times and won nine races. He was the leading British two-year-old of 1885 and went on to win the Grand Prix de Paris in June 1886. His career was often overshadowed by that of his contemporary Ormonde who defeated him on both of the occasions they met on the racecourse.
Tân Phú district, Ho Chi Minh City
Tân Phú District (Vietnamese: Quận Tân Phú) was an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam. Established in 2003 from the division of Tân Bình district, it covered an area of 15.97 km² and had a population of 585,348 as of 2024. The district was dissolved on June 30, 2025, following a national resolution to reorganize administrative units, with its wards merged and redistributed.

Prior to its dissolution, Tân Phú bordered District 12 to the north, Tân Bình district to the east, Bình Tân district to the west, and District 6 and District 11 to the south.

Tân Bình district
Tân Bình was a former urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The city's international airport was situated in the district. It consisted of 15 wards, from Ward 1 to Ward 15. It occupied 22.43 km2 (8.66 sq mi). In the 2019 census, Tân Bình district had a population of 474,792 people.
Tsubomi (song)
"Tsubomi" (蕾 (つぼみ), "Flower Bud") is a song by Japanese folk rock band Kobukuro. It is their 15th single and is included on its ninth studio album 5296. The song was written and composed by Kentarō Kobuchi. The single was released on March 21, 2007, in two editions: a CD-only edition and a limited edition. It debuted at number two on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart before topping the chart the following week, and it was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ), denoting shipment of 500,000 units. "Tsubomi" earned the Grand Prix award at the 49th Japan Record Awards.

Recording Industry Association of Japan
The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) (日本レコード協会, Nihon Rekōdo Kyōkai) is an industry trade group composed of Japanese corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association, and adopted its current name in 1969.

The RIAJ's activities include promotion of music sales, enforcement of copyright law, and research related to the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual RIAJ Year Book, a statistical summary of each year's music sales, as well as distributing a variety of other data.

Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, the RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members; some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere.

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan.