hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gorgol region
Gorgol (Arabic: ولاية كركول, romanized: Wilāyat Gorgol) is a region in southern Mauritania. Its capital is Kaédi and the Gorgol River forms parts of the landscape. Other major cities/towns include M'Bout and Maghama. The region borders the Mauritanian regions of Brakna and Assaba to the north, the Mauritanian region of Guidimaka to the south-east and Senegal to the south-west. The Senegal River runs along the region's border with Senegal.

As of 2013, the population of the region was 335,917, compared to 310,656 in 2011. There were 48.23 per cent females and 51.77 per cent males. As of 2008, the activity rate was 48.90 and economic dependency ratio was 1.24. As of 2008, the literacy rate for people aged 15 years and over was 40.50. The local government is headed by an elected district representative, while the elections for the local government are conducted every five years. On account of the political instability, the last elections were held in 2023.

Regions of Mauritania
Mauritania is divided into 15 regions (wilayat):

During the Mauritanian occupation of Western Sahara (1975–79), its portion of the territory (mainly corresponding to the lower half of Río de Oro province) was named Tiris al-Gharbiyya.

The regions (wilaya) are subdivided into 44 departments; see departments of Mauritania for more information.
Stefano Berterame
Stefano Berterame is an Italian researcher and international civil servant, chief of the narcotics section of the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) for more than a decade, and twice the Secretary ad'interim of the institution.

International Narcotics Control Board
The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) is an independent treaty body, one of the four treaty-mandated bodies under international drug control law (alongside the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, UNODC on behalf of the Secretary-General, and the WHO).

The INCB is responsible for monitoring the control of substances pursuant to the three United Nations drug control conventions and for assisting Member States in their efforts to implement those conventions. It plays an important role in monitoring the production and trade of narcotics and psychotropics, as well as their availability for medical and scientific purposes, and in deciding which precursors should be regulated.
Horizon: An American Saga – Chapter 3
Horizon: An American Saga – Chapter 3 is an upcoming American epic Western film directed and produced by as well as starring Kevin Costner from a screenplay he co-wrote with Jon Baird, based on an original story he co-authored with Baird and Mark Kasdan. It is the third installment in the titular film series and direct sequel to Horizon: An American Saga – Chapter 2. Costner reprises his role alongside most of the other cast from the previous film consisting of Sienna Miller, Sam Worthington, Giovanni Ribisi, Ella Hunt, Will Patton, Luke Wilson, Isabelle Fuhrman, Thomas Haden Church, Glynn Turman, and Kathleen Quinlan. A sequel, Chapter 4, is in development.

Horizon: An American Saga
Horizon: An American Saga is a film series of four planned American epic westerns. It is directed, co-written, produced by, and starring Kevin Costner, from a script he co-wrote with Jon Baird and based on an original story co-written by Costner, Baird, and Mark Kasdan. The plot centers on fictional characters and takes place in pre- and post-Civil War America, and details the exploration of the American West. Depicting a twelve-year span, the films feature an ensemble cast portraying various characters and their experiences pioneering into new territory from their homes.
My Bag
"My Bag" (stylized in all caps) is a song by South Korean girl group (G)I-dle for their first studio album, I Never Die released on March 14, 2022, as the eight-track on the album. Written by Soyeon and co-produced by Nathan, the song's musical style focuses on the rap by all members of (G)I-dle as Soyeon commented the song "[is] something that only (G)I-dle can do". A part of the song interpolates elements from their previous singles "Latata," "Hann (Alone)," "Senorita," "Dumdi Dumdi," and "Hwaa".

Latata
"Latata" (stylized in all caps) is the debut single recorded by South Korean girl group (G)I-dle as the lead single from their debut Korean extended play (EP) I Am. It was released on May 2, 2018, by Cube Entertainment and distributed by Kakao M. It was written by member Soyeon, who also produced the song alongside Big Sancho. A music video for the song was also released on the same day. Promotions for the song resulted in (G)I-dle's first music show win on SBS MTV's The Show on May 22, 2018. The song also resulted in a second win on Mnet's M Countdown.

A Japanese version was released on July 12, 2019 as the lead single from their Japanese debut EP of the same name. An English version was released on May 15, 2020.
Tsering Hannaford
Tsering Hannaford is an Australian artist.  In 2012 Tsering and her father Robert Hannaford were the "first father and daughter to show concurrently in Salon des Refusés, an exhibition of Archibald entries", and in 2015 they were the first father and daughter selected as finalists for the Archibald Prize.
Tsering is a great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Susannah Hannaford.

Salon des Refusés (Archibald)
Salon des Refusés is a popular Australian art exhibition showing some of the rejected submissions to the Archibald Prize, Australia's most prestigious art prize for portraiture, and also the Wynne Prize entries for landscape and figure sculpture. The inaugural exhibition took place in 1992, and a People's Choice Award has been given since 1999.
Denis Goldberg
Denis Theodore Goldberg (11 April 1933 – 29 April 2020) was a South African social campaigner who was active in the struggle against apartheid. He was accused No. 3 of 11 defendants in the Rivonia Trial of 1964, alongside the better-known Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu. He was the youngest of the defendants.

He was convicted and imprisoned for 22 years, along with other key members of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa. After his release in 1985, he continued to campaign against apartheid from his base in London with his family. The apartheid system was fully abolished with the 1994 election.

He returned to South Africa in 2002 and founded the non-profit Denis Goldberg Legacy Foundation Trust in 2015. He was diagnosed with lung cancer in July 2017, and died in Cape Town on 29 April 2020.

Walter Sisulu
Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu (18 May 1912 – 5 May 2003) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and member of the African National Congress (ANC). Between terms as ANC Secretary-General (1949–1954) and ANC Deputy President (1991–1994), he was Accused No.2 in the Rivonia Trial and was incarcerated on Robben Island where he served more than 25 years' imprisonment for his anti-Apartheid revolutionary activism. He had a close partnership with Oliver Tambo and Nelson Mandela, with whom he played a key role in organising the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the establishment of the ANC Youth League and Umkhonto we Sizwe. He was also on the Central Committee of the South African Communist Party.
Wind Telecom
Wind Telecom S.p.A. (formerly Weather Investments S.p.A.) was an Italian telecommunications holding company owned by the multinational VimpelCom Ltd., originally controlled by Egyptian billionaire Naguib Sawiris.

It operated through its subsidiaries Orascom Telecom, Wind Hellas and Wind Telecomunicazioni until December 2017, when it merged into VimpelCom.

Global Telecom Holding
Global Telecom Holding S.A.E. (GTH; formerly Orascom Telecom Holding) is a holding company based in Amsterdam, and a subsidiary of the multinational telecommunications services company VEON. GTH previously owned mobile network operators in multiple countries.
Liga IV Bihor
Liga IV Bihor is the county football division of Liga IV for clubs based in Bihor County, Romania. The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and is organized by AJF Bihor – Asociația Județeană de Fotbal (lit. 'County Football Association').

It is contested by a variable number of teams, depending on the number of teams relegated from Liga III, the number of teams promoted from Liga V Bihor, and the teams that withdraw or enter the competition. The winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending on the result of a promotion play-off contested against the winner of a neighboring county series.

Liga IV
Liga IV is the fourth level of the Romanian football league system and is run in all 41 counties and in the Municipality of Bucharest. It was known as the Regional Championship, County Championship, Divizia C – County Phase and Divizia D. Its name was changed into Liga IV before the start of the 2006–07 season.
Vaikunda Chella Pathi
Vaikunda Chella Pathi is one among the oldest Nizhal Thangals in the Western Kanyakumari district. It was located 6 km North-east of Marthandam midway between Marthandam and Kulasekaram at Thiruvattar. It is also the only Nizhal Thangal in the district to conduct three Thiru Eadu Vasippu festivals annually.

Nizhal Thangal at Attoor is located nearby.

Nizhal Thangal
Nizhal Thangal (Tamil: நிழல் தாங்கல்) (Malayalam: നിഴൽ താങ്കൽ) also called Inai Thangals) are secondary worship places of the Ayyavazhi, often smaller in size than Pathis, built per the instructions of Akilattirattu Ammanai. Cleanliness is strictly enforced.

Though the common people, mainly in early times call them as Narayanaswami koil or Narayanaswami pathi, the Ayyavazhi scriptures consider these centers distinct from The Pathis. They call these worship centers, which were not associated with the religious activities of Vaikundar, 'Inai Thangals'.
Old Royal Capital Cetinje
The Old Royal Capital Cetinje (Montenegrin: Prijestonica Cetinje / Пријестоница Цетиње) is one of the municipalities of Montenegro. Due to its former status as the capital of the old Kingdom of Montenegro, it is known as the "Old Royal Capital" (Prijestonica / Пријестоница), which is also translated in English as "Royal Town". Its center is the town of Cetinje and its territory, which covers an area of 910 km2, is bordered by the Lovćen and Lake Skadar national parks. In 2023, the municipality of Cetinje had a population of 14,494.

Lake Skadar
Lake Skadar or Lake Scutari (Albanian: Liqeni i Shkodrës, pronounced [liˈcɛni i ˈʃkɔdrəs]; Montenegrin: Скадарско језеро, Skadarsko jezero, pronounced [skâdarskɔː jɛ̂zɛrɔ]) – also called Lake Shkodra and Lake Shkodër – lies on the border of Albania and Montenegro, and is the largest lake in Southern Europe. It is named after the Albanian city of Shkodër which lies at its southeastern coast. It is a karst lake.

The Montenegrin section of the lake and surrounding land have been designated as a national park, while the Albanian part constitutes a nature reserve and a Ramsar site.
McKeesport Ambulance Rescue Service
The McKeesport Ambulance Rescue Service, formally the McKeesport Ambulance Authority, is a non-profit emergency medical services agency which provides emergency medical and patient transport services to the City of McKeesport, Pennsylvania and a number of surrounding municipalities. It was established in 1991, and is assigned station number 620 by Allegheny County Emergency Services.

McKeesport, Pennsylvania
McKeesport is a city in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. A suburb of Pittsburgh, it is situated at the confluence of the Monongahela and Youghiogheny rivers. The population was 17,727 as of the 2020 census.
Marsden Bay, New Zealand
Marsden Bay is a locality and bay at the south head of Whangārei Harbour in Northland, New Zealand. The western side of Marsden Bay is a coastal community called One Tree Point, and the eastern side is the industrial development of Marsden Point. Ruakākā lies about 9 km to the south.

The Māori name for the area is Te Poupouwhenua.

Marsden Point
Marsden Point is a broad, flat peninsula that is the southern head of the Whangārei Harbour entrance on the east coast of Northland, New Zealand, 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of the city of Whangārei. It is the location of Marsden Point Oil Refinery and the Northport cargo port.
Dan Joyce
Daniel Buck Joyce (born 2 June 1976) is a British professional stuntman, skateboarder, filmmaker, and one quarter of the Dirty Sanchez crew. He has also been made a Reverend for a Dirty Sanchez prank on Mathew Pritchard and Michael "Pancho" Locke.

Michael Locke (stuntman)
Michael Richard Locke (born 13 March 1979), better known as Pancho, is a Welsh professional stuntman and skateboarder. He is best known for MTV UK's Dirty Sanchez. Due to his diminutive size, and knowledge of football, Locke is sometimes referred to as the Welsh Garth Crooks.

Locke starred in the film Dirty Sanchez: The Movie, released in 2006. He also appeared in the Channel 4 series Balls of Steel as one half of the "Pain Men", alongside Sanchez crew member Mathew Pritchard. They both also appeared in 2 episodes of Death Wish Live in 2006.
George Thomas Michael O'Brien
Sir George Thomas Michael O'Brien KCMG (Chinese: 柯布連) (5 November 1844 – 12 April 1906) was a British colonial official who served as Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1892 to 1895, and as Governor of Fiji and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific from 1897 to June 1901.

Governor of Fiji
Fiji was a British Crown colony from 1874 to 1970, and an independent dominion in the Commonwealth from 1970 to 1987. During this period, the head of state was the British monarch, but in practice the functions of the crown were normally exercised locally by the governor prior to independence (on 10 October 1970), and by the governor-general prior to the proclamation of a republic on 7 October 1987.

From 1877 to 3 July 1952, governors of Fiji were also high commissioners for the Western Pacific.
CSS General Sumter
CSS General Sumter was a sidewheel steamer which was operated by both the Confederate States Army and the Union Navy during the American Civil War. A civilian vessel before the war, the ship was acquired by the Confederates in January 1862 for use in the River Defense Fleet. Modified into a cottonclad naval ram, General Sumter served on the Mississippi River. Present at the Battle of Plum Point Bend on May 10, General Sumter applied the final of three ramming blows to the ironclad USS Cincinnati, which sank the Union vessel. On June 6, during the First Battle of Memphis, General Sumter rammed and disabled the Union ram Queen of the West before being damaged and running aground herself. The vessel was repaired and entered Union service as the USS Sumter before running aground near Bayou Sara, Louisiana, in August, after which the wreck was stripped for machinery and then burned.

USS Cincinnati (1861)
The City-class ironclad USS Cincinnati was a stern-wheel casemate gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She was named for Cincinnati, Ohio, and was the first ship to bear that name in the United States Navy.
Fruit tree
A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by animals and humans. All trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds. In horticultural usage, the term "fruit tree" is limited to those that provide fruit for human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere (see Fruit), but would include "fruit" in a culinary sense, as well as some nut-bearing trees, such as walnuts.

The scientific study and the cultivation of fruits is called pomology, which divides fruits into groups based on plant morphology and anatomy. Some of those groups are pome fruits, which include apples and pears, and stone fruits, which include peaches/nectarines, almonds, apricots, plums and cherries.

Apricot
An apricot (US: /ˈæprɪkɒt/ ⓘ, UK: /ˈeɪprɪkɒt/ ⓘ) is a fruit, or the tree that bears the fruit, of several species in the genus Prunus. Usually an apricot is from the species Prunus armeniaca, but the fruits of the other species in Prunus sect. Armeniaca are also called apricots. In 2023, world production of apricots was 3.7 million tonnes, led by Turkey with 20% of the total.

Prunus armeniaca was domesticated in ancient times in Central Asia and China. The specific epithet armeniaca refers to the country of Armenia in Western Asia. Cultivation of the tree then spread across Eurasia and to North Africa and Japan. The fruit is consumed both fresh and dried. Apricots are used in dishes including cakes, tarts, and jam, and in savoury dishes, for example in stuffing. In Austria, they are the basis of Marillenknödel, sweet apricot dumplings.
Differential pulse voltammetry
Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) (also differential pulse polarography, DPP) is a voltammetry method used to make electrochemical measurements and a derivative of linear sweep voltammetry or staircase voltammetry, with a series of regular voltage pulses superimposed on the potential linear sweep or stairsteps.  The current is measured immediately before each potential change, and the current difference is plotted as a function of potential.  By sampling the current just before the potential is changed, the effect of the charging current can be decreased.

By contrast, in normal pulse voltammetry the current resulting from a series of ever larger potential pulses is compared with the current at a constant 'baseline' voltage. Another type of pulse voltammetry is squarewave voltammetry, which can be considered a special type of differential pulse voltammetry in which equal time is spent at the potential of the ramped baseline and potential of the superimposed pulse.

Voltammetry
Voltammetry is a category of electroanalytical methods used in analytical chemistry and various industrial processes. In voltammetry, information about an analyte is obtained by measuring the current as the potential is varied. The analytical data for a voltammetric experiment comes in the form of a voltammogram, which plots the current produced by the analyte versus the potential of the working electrode.
The Boys Next Door (1985 film)
The Boys Next Door (released as No Apparent Motive in Australia) is a 1985 American neo-noir crime drama film directed by Penelope Spheeris, from a screenplay by Glen Morgan and James Wong. It stars Maxwell Caulfield and Charlie Sheen as two sociopathic teenagers who leave their small town home on the day of their high school graduation and embark on a crime and murder spree.

The film was Spheeris' second narrative feature following Suburbia (1984), and was released by New World Pictures on November 1, 1985.

Suburbia (film)
Suburbia (also known as Rebel Streets and The Wild Side) is a 1983 American coming-of-age thriller drama film written and directed by Penelope Spheeris and produced by Roger Corman. The film's plot concerns a group of suburban youths who run away from home and adopt a punk lifestyle by squatting in abandoned suburban tract homes. The punks are played by Chris Pedersen, Bill Coyne, Timothy Eric O'Brien, Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea and others.

The film contains live footage of D.I. performing "Richard Hung Himself", T.S.O.L. performing "Wash Away" and "Darker My Love" and the Vandals performing "The Legend of Pat Brown".

The film inspired the 1986 Pet Shop Boys song of the same name.
Chanhassen High School
Chanhassen High School (CNHS) is a four-year comprehensive public high school in Chanhassen, Minnesota, United States, a southwestern suburb of Minneapolis. Construction of the school was approved by voters in 2006 in response to rapidly growing enrollment in Carver County and overcrowding at Chaska High School, the district's other high school.

Chaska High School
Chaska Senior High School (CHS) is a public high school located in Chaska, Minnesota, United States, a southwestern suburb of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. CHS is a 9–12 grade school that is attended by more than 1,500 students.

The school mascot is the "Hawk," with the school colors being purple and gold.
1946 New Year Honours
The 1946 New Year Honours were appointments by many of the Commonwealth Realms of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, and to celebrate the passing of 1945 and the beginning of 1946. They were announced on 1 January 1946 for the United Kingdom, and Dominions, Canada, the Union of South Africa, and New Zealand.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

1946 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1946 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George VI on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders, and to celebrate the passing of 1945 and the beginning of 1946. They were announced on 1 January 1946.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
Ultimogeniture
Ultimogeniture, also known as postremogeniture or junior right, is the tradition of inheritance by the last-born of a privileged position in a parent's wealth or office.  The tradition has been far rarer historically than primogeniture (sole inheritance by the first-born) or partible inheritance (division of the estate among the children).

Primogeniture
Primogeniture (/ˌpraɪməˈdʒɛnɪtʃər, -oʊ-/) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate, as well as succeed their parent as the ruler of a state.

Primogeniture stands in contrast to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture). It can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture), or firstborn child (absolute primogeniture).

Research shows that authoritarian regimes that rely on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements. Scholars have linked primogeniture to a decline in regicide, as clear rules of succession reduce the number of people who could (absent a coup d'état) replace a ruler, thus making it less desirable to cause the death of the monarch.
Dr Fong
Dr Fong (6 April 1995 – 25 August 2022) was an American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was foaled in Kentucky but sold as a yearling to race in Europe where he was trained in England by Henry Cecil. He won both his races as a two-year-old including the Autumn Stakes and emerged as a potentially top-class performer in the following spring with a win in the Newmarket Stakes. After finishing fourth in the Dante Stakes and third in the Prix Jean Prat he recorded his biggest victory when defeating Desert Prince in the St James's Palace Stakes. He went on to win the Prix Eugène Adam in France but was beaten by Desert Prince in the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes. Dr Fong was sent to race in the United States but failed to reproduce his best form and did not win again. Since his retirement from racing he has stood as a breeding stallion in Britain, France and Turkey and has sired several major winners.

Desert Prince
Desert Prince (14 March 1995 – 25 October 2022) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. After winning one of his four starts as a two-year-old in 1997, he improved to become one of the best milers and the highest-rated horse of his generation in Europe in the following year. He won the European Free Handicap in April before winning three Group One races in three countries: the Irish 2,000 Guineas in Ireland, the Prix du Moulin in France and the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes in the United Kingdom. After a disappointing run in the Breeders' Cup Turf he was retired to stud and has had some success as a sire of winners.