hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iranian reformists
The Reformists (Persian: اصلاح‌طلبان, romanized: Eslâh-Talabân) are an Islamic liberal political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front. Masoud Pezeshkian, a reformist, was elected president following the 2024 Iranian presidential election, and was subsequently confirmed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on 28 July.

Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Persian: شورای نگهبان, romanized: Shourā-ye Negahbān) is a 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Per the Constitution of Iran, the council has three mandates, namely having a veto power over legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly, supervising elections, and approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.

The Council is composed of Islamic clerics and lawyers. Membership is for phased six-year terms: half the membership changes every three years. The Supreme Leader of Iran directly appoints the six clerics, and may dismiss them at will. The Chief Justice of Iran nominates six lawyers for confirmation by the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Spits (newspaper)
Spits (Dutch pronunciation: [spɪts]; English: Peak/Rush Hour; stylized as Sp!ts) was a tabloid format newspaper freely distributed in trains, trams and buses in the Netherlands from 1999 to 2014. Its competitor was Metro.

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Galatasaray S.K. (wheelchair basketball)
Galatasaray Wheelchair Basketball Team is the wheelchair basketball section of Galatasaray SK, a major sports club in Istanbul, Turkey. Galatasaray play matches in 450-seat arena, called the Bahçelievler Engelliler Spor Salonu.

2008–09 Galatasaray S.K. (wheelchair basketball) season
Galatasaray SK Wheelchair Basketball 2008–2009 season is the 2008–2009 basketball season for Turkish professional basketball club Galatasaray SK.

The club competes in:

IWBF Champions Cup : Winner

Kitakyushu Champions Cup : Winner

Turkish Wheelchair Basketball Super League : Winner
South African type TJ tender
The South African type TJ tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Natal Colony.

The Type TJ tender first entered service in 1909, as tenders to the first five Class B 4-8-2 Mountain type steam locomotives which were acquired by the Natal Government Railways in that year. These locomotives were designated Class 3 on the South African Railways in 1912.

South African Class 1A 4-8-0
The South African Railways Class 1A 4-8-0 of 1910 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

In 1910, the Natal Government Railways placed 21 improved Class B 4-8-0 Mastodon type tender locomotives in service. In 1912, when these locomotives were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and designated Class 1A.
Goats (film)
Goats is a 2012 comedy-drama film directed by Christopher Neil and written by Mark Poirier based on his 2000 novel Goats. The film stars David Duchovny, Vera Farmiga, Graham Phillips, Keri Russell, Justin Kirk, and Ty Burrell. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2012, and was given a limited release in the United States on August 10, 2012, by Image Entertainment.

Mark Poirier
Mark Jude Poirier is an American novelist, short story writer and screenwriter.

He grew up in Tucson, Arizona, the fifth child in a family of eleven children. He lives in New York City with his partner, Edward Cahill.
2011 Asian Five Nations
The 2011 Asian Five Nations, known as the 2011 HSBC Asian 5 Nations due to the tournament's sponsorship by the HSBC, was the 4th series of the Asian Five Nations rugby union tournament.

The 2011 Asian 5 nations consisted of the best 5 teams in Asia; Hong Kong, Japan, Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka and the United Arab Emirates.

Sri Lanka qualified for the 2011 edition of the tournament by winning Division One of the 2010 tournament against Singapore 23–16. The United Arab Emirates also qualify with the disbanding of the Arabian Gulf rugby team, this is the first time both these teams have appeared in the top five.

Sri Lanka national rugby union team
The Sri Lanka national rugby union team, known as the Tuskers, represents Sri Lanka in men's international rugby union. The team has yet to make their debut at the Rugby World Cup. They have the longest tradition of organised club rugby in Asia, dating back to 1879, which was just 8 years after the founding of the world's first rugby union in England. They regularly compete in the Asian Five Nations tournament and are currently in Division I. In the 2010 tournament, they made it to the finals beating Chinese Taipei 37 to 7.
102 Squadron SAAF
102 Squadron is a reserve squadron of the South African Air Force. The squadron area of responsibility is from north of Polokwane (Pietersburg) to the Limpopo River and is used for reconnaissance flights along the South African and Zimbabwe and Botswana borders.  The squadron is based at AFB Makhado in Louis Trichardt. These reserve squadrons are used to fill a pilot and aircraft gap within the SAAF by making use of civilian pilots and their privately owned aircraft.  Most flying takes place over weekends and because pilots have a good knowledge of the local terrain in the area where they live and commonly fly, the squadron is used mostly in the reconnaissance and crime prevention role.

Air Force Base Makhado
Air Force Base Makhado (ICAO: FALM), formerly Air Force Base Louis Trichardt, is an airbase of the South African Air Force. It is the SAAF's northernmost base, situated at Louis Trichardt near the border with Zimbabwe, as well as being its most modern, and is known unofficially as Fighter Town, RSA.

The base motto is Castrum Borealis (Fortress of the North).
Territorial Prelature of Huautla
18°07′49″N 96°50′42″W﻿ / ﻿18.1301618°N 96.84510372°W﻿ / 18.1301618; -96.84510372

The Territorial Prelature of Huautla (Latin: Praelatura Territorialis Huautlensis) is a Latin Church missionary territory or territorial prelature of the Catholic Church in Mexico. It was erected on 8 October 1972. The diocese is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Antequera.

Territorial prelate
A territorial prelate is, in Catholic usage, a prelate whose geographic jurisdiction, called territorial prelature, generally does not belong to any diocese and is considered a particular church.

The term is also used in a generic sense, and may then equally refer to an apostolic prefecture, an apostolic vicariate, a permanent apostolic administration (which are pre-diocesan, often missionary, or temporary), or a territorial abbacy (see there).
Lex Licinia Mucia
The lex Licinia Mucia was a Roman law which set up a quaestio to investigate Latin and Italian allies registered as Romans on the citizen rolls. It was established by consuls Lucius Licinius Crassus and Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex in 95 BC. This law is regarded as a cause of the Social War (91–88 BC).

Lucius Licinius Crassus
Lucius Licinius Crassus (140 – September 91 BC) was a Roman orator and statesman who was a Roman consul and censor and who is also one of the main speakers in Cicero's dramatic dialogue on the art of oratory De Oratore, set just before Crassus' death in 91 BC. He was considered the greatest orator of his day by his pupil Cicero.
Chaetotaxy
Chaetotaxy is the arrangement of bristles (macrochaetae) on an arthropod or annelid, or taxonomy based on their position and size. For example, it is important in Diptera, in which group it was formalised by Ernst August Girschner. The term chaetotaxy was later proposed by Carl Robert Osten-Sacken.

The chaetotaxy of  a fly might include :- acrostichal, dorsocentral, humeral, mesopleural, sternopleural, notopleural, postalar, supra-alar and scutellar bristles on the thorax; dorsal, posterodorsal, anterodorsal, ventral, posteroventral and anteroventral bristles on the legs and ocellar, orbital, postvertical, vibrissal, outer vertical and inner vertical bristles on the head.

Chaetotaxy is also used in determining homology in certain morphological traits, as well as providing information about the phylogeny between taxa. For example, chaetotaxy has been used to clarify evolutionary relationships in Collembola, as well as identify new species.

Carl Robert Osten-Sacken
Carl Robert Osten-Sacken or Carl-Robert Romanovich, Baron von der Osten-Sacken, Baron Osten Sacken (21 August 1828, – 20 May 1906) was a German-Russian diplomat and entomologist. He served as the Russian consul general in New York City during the American Civil War, living in the United States from 1856 to 1877. He worked on the taxonomy of flies in general and particularly of the family Tipulidae (crane flies).
Titanomachy
In Greek mythology, the Titanomachy (/ˌtaɪtəˈnɒməki/; Ancient Greek: Τιτανομαχία, lit. 'battle of Titans') was a ten-year war fought in ancient Thessaly, consisting of most of the Titans (the older generation of gods, based on Mount Othrys) fighting against the Olympians (the younger generations, who would come to reign on Mount Olympus) and their allies. This event is also known as the War of the Titans, Battle of the Titans, Battle of the Gods, or just the Titan War. The war was fought to decide which generation of gods would have dominion over the universe; it ended in victory for the Olympian gods.

Greeks of the classical age knew of several poems about the war between the gods and many of the Titans. The dominant one, and the only one that has survived, is the Theogony attributed to Hesiod. The Titans also played a prominent role in the poems attributed to Orpheus. Although only scraps of the Orphic narratives survive, they show differences from the Hesiodic tradition.

Twelve Olympians
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the twelve Olympians are the major deities of the Greek pantheon, commonly considered to be Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis, Apollo, Ares, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus. They were called Olympians because, according to tradition, they resided on Mount Olympus.

Besides the twelve Olympians, there were many other cultic groupings of twelve gods.
Congresbury
Congresbury is a village and civil parish on the northwestern slopes of the Mendip Hills in North Somerset, England, which in 2011 had a population of 3,497. It lies on the A370 between Junction 21 of the M5 and Bristol Airport, 13 miles (21 km) south of Bristol city centre, and 7 miles (11 km) east of Weston-super-Mare. The Congresbury Yeo river flows through the village. The parish includes the hamlet of Brinsea.

The nearest railway station is Yatton, with trains provided by Great Western Railway, but Congresbury once had its own railway station on the Cheddar Valley Line from Yatton to Wells. It was also the starting point for the Wrington Vale Light Railway, which went to nearby Wrington and Blagdon.

Congresbury Yeo
The River Yeo (often referred to as the Congresbury Yeo, after the village of Congresbury, through which it flows, to avoid confusion with other similarly named rivers) is a river which flows through North Somerset, England.
Botakara
Botakara (Kazakh: Ботақара), known as "Ulyanovsk" until 1997, is a settlement in Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan. It is the capital of Bukhar-Zhyrau District and the administrative center of the Botakara rural district (KATO code - 354030100). Population: 5,351 (2009 census results); 5,166 (1999 census results).

Karaganda Region
Karaganda Region is a region of Kazakhstan. Its capital is Karaganda. The region borders Akmola and Pavlodar Region to the north; Abai Region to the east; Jetisu, Almaty, and Zhambyl Regions to the south; and Kostanay and Ulytau regions to the west.

In 2022, the western parts of this region was split off and became the Ulytau Region.
Highland Aborigine Constituency
The Highland Aborigine constituency (Chinese: 山地原住民選舉區; pinyin: Shāndì Yuán Zhùmín Xuǎnjǔ Qū) is a multi-member constituency of the Legislative Yuan. Taiwanese indigenous people have elected representatives to reserved legislative seats since the 1970s. Predecessors to both the Highland and Lowland Aborigine districts were established in 1994. Since 2008, the Highland Taiwanese indigenous elect three members to the Legislative Yuan.

Reserved political positions
In government, several constitutional arrangements use reserved political positions, especially when endeavoring to ensure the rights of women, minorities or other segments of society, or preserving a political balance of power.
Kapiton Ushkov
Kapiton Yakovlevich Ushkov (Russian: Капитон Ушков; 1813–1868) was a Russian serf who became a major chemical industrialist in Tatarstan.

He was born in Bonduga, a village near Yelabuga, in Tatarstan. Bonduga was subsequently renamed Mendeleyevsk. Ushkov discovered that the raw materials for potassium bichromate,  a chemical used in the dying process was to be found locally, and so he established a plant for its production in the village of Kokshan.

His family included Peter Ushkov (1840–1898) and Konstantin K. Ushkov (1850–1918).

Konstantin K. Ushkov
Konstantin Kapitonov Ushkov (1850–1918) was a Russian industrialist in Tatarstan. He was a prominent philanthropist and patron of the arts.

Kontantin was the son of Kapiton Ushkov who had developed the chemical plant in Mendeleyevsk.

He was father of Alexey Ushkov.
Lat Sukaabe Fall
Lat Sukaabe Ngone Jey Fall, sometimes spelled Lat Sukabe or Lat Soucabe (or Lat Sukabe Ngoneh Jaye Faal), was Damel-Teigne of the pre-colonial kingdoms of Cayor and Baol in what is now Senegal in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

Damel
Damel was the title of the ruler (or king) of the Wolof kingdom of Cayor in what is now northwest Senegal, West Africa.

The most well-known damel is probably Lat Dior Diop (1842–1886) who was killed by the French after decades of resisting their encroachment on Wolof territory. Lat Dior is a Senegalese national hero.

The 30th and last Damel of Cayor, Samba Laobé Fall, was killed by the leader of a French delegation, Captain Spitzer, at Tivaouane, Senegal.
Yosemite Decimal System
The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a five-part grading system used for rating the difficulty of rock climbing routes in the United States and Canada. It was first devised by members of the Sierra Club in Southern California in the 1950s as a refinement of earlier systems from the 1930s, and quickly spread throughout North America.

Scrambling
In mountaineering, scrambling is ascending steep terrain using one's hands to assist in holds and balance. It can be described as being between hiking and rock climbing. "A scramble" is a related term, denoting terrain that could be ascended in this way.

Sure-footedness and a head for heights are essential. Canyoning and stream climbing both involve scrambling.
Lester Speight
Lester Speight (born August 28, 1963), also known as Rasta, is a former American football player who has had subsequent careers as a professional wrestler and then actor. He achieved significant recognition for his portrayal of Terry Tate: Office Linebacker in a series of Reebok commercials that debuted during Super Bowl XXXVII, and received further recognition for his portrayal of Augustus Cole in the Gears of War series of video games.

13 Moons
13 Moons is a 2002 comedy-drama film directed by Alexandre Rockwell. The title is a reference to the saying of a minor character's mother, who suggested that if nights of the full moon are strange, then "this must be the night of thirteen moons."
Mike Burns (producer)
Mike Burns (born 1973) is an American film director, GRAMMY nominated songwriter, and music executive . He was a member of EDM production duo "Interstate". His work “I Found You“ written for the 2004 release Creamfields for DJ and recording artist Paul Oakenfold earned him a Grammy nomination as both a songwriter and a music producer. From 2010 to 2020 Burns worked exclusively with Lionsgate Entertainment as a music supervisor and EPK producer. He has over 80 feature film credits since launching his career in 1999. and most recently directed two feature films,  “Out of Death” and “Wrong Place” both starring Bruce Willis, alongside actresses Ashley Greene and Jaime King. He also composed the original score for both of the films he produced.

Interstate (duo)
Interstate is a Los Angeles–based electronic music production duo made up of Mike Burns and Mark Lewis.

In 2005 they were signed to a 3-track deal to Netherlands-based label Armada Music.  Their breakthrough single "I Found U" was later featured on Paul Oakenfold's Grammy nominated Creamfields compilation.  They have had releases on Vandit Records as well as System Recordings in the US.
2015–16 UAE Pro League
The 2015–16 UAE Pro League (also known as Arabian Gulf League for sponsorship reasons) was the 41st top-level football season in the United Arab Emirates. Fourteen teams participated with Al-Ain as the defending champions after securing the championship last season for the twelfth time. Al-Ahli won its 7th title on 29 April despite being held to a 2–2 draw at home.

Shabab Al Ahli Club
Shabab Al-Ahli Club (Arabic: نادي شباب الأهلي, romanized: nādī šabāb al-ʿahlī, lit. 'National Youth Club') is an Emirati professional football club based in Dubai, that currently plays in the UAE Pro League. It is one of the most successful clubs in the UAE.

Al-Ahli FC has won 9 league titles, 11 UAE President Cup titles, 5 ADIB cup titles, 7 UAE super Cup titles, 1 combined league. 1 Emirati-Moroccan Super Cup,1 Qatar–UAE Super Shield, 1 Qatar–UAE Challenge Shield, for a total of 36 titles, making them the second most successful team in the UAE and the most successful team in Dubai. In the latest ranking by the IFFHS, Shabab Al Ahli was ranked the 7th best club in Asia and 110th in the world.

In 2017, the Dubai CSC and Al Shabab merged within Al Ahli, at which point the club renamed itself to Shabab Al Ahli.
Atari Transputer Workstation
The Atari Transputer Workstation (also known as ATW-800, or simply ATW) is a workstation class computer released by Atari Corporation in the late 1980s, based on the INMOS Transputer. It was introduced in 1987 as the Abaq, but the name was changed before sales began. Sales were almost non-existent, and the product was canceled after only a few hundred units were made.

Blitter
A blitter  is a circuit, sometimes as a coprocessor or a logic block on a microprocessor, dedicated to the rapid movement and modification of data within a computer's memory. A blitter can copy large quantities of data from one memory area to another relatively quickly, and in parallel with the CPU, while freeing up the CPU's more complex capabilities for other operations. A typical use for a blitter is the movement of a bitmap, such as windows and icons in a graphical user interface or images and backgrounds in a 2D video game.

The name comes from the  bit blit operation of the 1973 Xerox Alto, which stands for bit-block transfer. A blit operation is more than a memory copy, because it can involve data that's not byte aligned (hence the bit in bit blit), handling transparent pixels (pixels which should not overwrite the destination), and various ways of combining the source and destination data.

Blitters have largely been superseded by programmable graphics processing units.
Ganga Nayar
Ganga Nayar (3 August 1923 – 3 April 2009) was a Malaysian politician of Indian descent who founded the Malaysian Workers' Party.

She was known for being the first women to lead a political party in Malaysia. In 1969, upon winning the Serendah state seat, she was also the first woman of Indian descent to be elected to a legislature in Malaysia.

National Trust Party (Malaysia)
The National Trust Party (Malay: Parti Amanah Negara, AMANAH) is a political party in Malaysia advocating a reformist strand of political Islam. The party was founded as the Malaysia Workers' Party (Malay: Parti Pekerja-Pekerja Malaysia; abbrev: PPPM) before being taken over in August 2015 by Gerakan Harapan Baru, a group of moderate-to-progressive Islamist leaders from the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party that had lost a party election. The party was rebranded on 16 September 2015. The party currently has eight elected Members of Parliament. It is one of the three component parties of the incumbent Pakatan Harapan coalition in Malaysia.
Eddie Morales
Heriberto "Eddie" Morales Jr. (born January 24, 1975) is a Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives. He is an attorney and has represented the 74th District since 2021. District 74 includes 770 miles of the U.S.-Mexico border encompassing 11 counties ranging from Maverick County to El Paso County. These include Maverick, Kinney, Val Verde, Terrell, Brewster, Presidio, Jeff Davis, Reeves, Culberson, Hudspeth, and El Paso Counties. Cities within the district include Eagle Pass, Del Rio, Alpine, Marfa, Pecos, and east El Paso.

Jeff Davis County, Texas
Jeff Davis County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,996. Its county seat is Fort Davis. The county is named for Jefferson Davis, who served as the 23rd United States Secretary of War in the 1850s, and as Confederate president.

Jeff Davis County is recognizable for its unique shape; it is a pentagon that has no north–south nor east–west boundaries, save for a six-mile line serving as its southern boundary. It is the only county in the United States that touches a foreign country (Mexico) at a single point. Jeff Davis is one of the nine counties that compose the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas.

The county contains the 270,000-acre (1,100 km2) Texas Davis Mountains American Viticultural Area. About 50 acres (0.2 km2) are "under vine". The McDonald Observatory, owned by the University of Texas at Austin, is located near Fort Davis.
Galaxy Zoo
Galaxy Zoo is a crowdsourced astronomy project which invites people to assist in the morphological classification of large numbers of galaxies. It is an example of citizen science as it enlists the help of members of the public to help in scientific research.

There have been 15 versions as of July 2017. Galaxy Zoo is part of the Zooniverse, a group of citizen science projects. An outcome of the project is to better determine the different aspects of objects and to separate them into classifications.

Galaxy morphological classification
Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence, devised by Edwin Hubble and later expanded by Gérard de Vaucouleurs and Allan Sandage. However, galaxy classification and morphology are now largely done using computational methods and physical morphology.