hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bcachefs
Bcachefs is a copy-on-write (COW) file system for Linux-based operating systems. Its primary developer, Kent Overstreet, first announced it in 2015, and it was added to the Linux kernel beginning with 6.7. It is intended to compete with the modern features of ZFS or Btrfs. In June 2025,  Linus Torvalds announced bcachefs would be ejected from the kernel as a result of repeated violations of kernel development guidelines. In August 2025, bcachefs status was changed from 'Supported' to 'Externally maintained'.

As of late September 2025, Linus Torvalds has removed all Bcachefs code from the Linux Kernel, beginning with version 6.18. It is now available as an external module.

ZFS
ZFS (previously Zettabyte File System) is a file system with volume management capabilities. It began as part of the Sun Microsystems Solaris operating system in 2001. Large parts of Solaris, including ZFS,  were published under an open source license as OpenSolaris for around 5 years from 2005 before being placed under a closed source license when Oracle Corporation acquired Sun in 2009–2010. During 2005 to 2010, the open source version of ZFS was ported to Linux, Mac OS X (continued as MacZFS) and FreeBSD. In 2010, the illumos project forked a then-recent version of OpenSolaris, including ZFS, to continue its development as an open source project. In 2013, OpenZFS was founded to coordinate the development of open source ZFS. OpenZFS maintains and manages the core ZFS code, while organizations using ZFS maintain the specific code and validation processes required for ZFS to integrate within their systems. OpenZFS is widely used in Unix-like systems.
SMS S51 (1915)
SMS S51 was a V25-class torpedo boat of the Imperial German Navy. Ordered immediately after the outbreak of the First World War, S51 was built by Schichau-Werke, at their Elbing shipyard. She was launched on 29 April 1915 and completed in September that year.

S51 served with the German High Seas Fleet, operating in the North Sea and the English Channel, and took part in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May–1 June 1916, where she was damaged but survived. At the end of the war, S51 was interned at Scapa Flow and was scuttled on 21 June 1919. The ship was quickly salvaged, and was broken up for scrap in 1922.

V25-class torpedo boat
The V25 class (also known as the Type 1913) was a class of torpedo boat built for the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine). It was numerically the largest class ever built for the High Seas Fleet, consisting of 71 ships. Of the class, 32 were sunk during World War I, several to mines in the North Sea and Baltic Sea.
Of those that survived the war 29 were scuttled with the German fleet at Scapa Flow, one was destroyed by a mine on the way there, four were given to Britain and were not scuttled while one was given to Italy and France.
In a Violent Nature 2
In a Violent Nature 2 is an upcoming Canadian slasher film directed by Nathaniel Wilson and written by Chris Nash, who also serves as a producer. It is a sequel to In a Violent Nature (2024), and stars Ry Barrett reprising his role as the undead serial killer Johnny from the first film, while Lucas Nguyen, Olivia Scriven, Laurie Babin, Fionn Laird, Donald MacLean Jr. and Evan Marsh stars in supporting roles.

In A Violent Nature 2 is set to be released by IFC Films and Shudder.

In a Violent Nature
In a Violent Nature is a 2024 Canadian slasher film written and directed by Chris Nash, and starring Ry Barrett, Andrea Pavlovic, and Lauren-Marie Taylor. Described as an "ambient slasher", it follows a mute killer who is accidentally resurrected from his grave in the Ontario wilderness by a group of teenagers, whom he then begins stalking and murdering. The events depicted are largely observed from the killer's perspective.

In a Violent Nature premiered in the Midnight section of the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2024. The film was released theatrically in the United States and Canada by IFC Films on May 31, and was released on the streaming service Shudder later in the year. Opening on 1,426 screens, it marked IFC Films's widest theatrical release to date, and grossed $3 million in its first week. It has received positive reviews from film critics.
Eddie Panlilio
Eddie "Among Ed" Tongol Panlilio (Tagalog: [pɐn̪ˈlil.jo]; born December 6, 1953) is a Filipino former Roman Catholic priest who served as the Governor of Pampanga from 2007 to 2010. He was suspended from his priestly duties upon announcing his intention to run as governor. He was elected governor in May 2007 in a three-way race against incumbent governor Mark Lapid and provincial board member Lilia Pineda. In February 2010, following a recount of votes due to an election protest, the Comelec ruled that Lilia Pineda had won the 2007 election over Panlilio.

Panlilio was named "Filipino of the Year" for 2007 by the Philippine Daily Inquirer.

Lilia Pineda
Lilia Garcia Pineda (born Lilia Paule Garcia; February 20, 1951), also known as Nanay Baby, is a Filipina politician who is the incumbent governor of Pampanga, previously serving from 2010 to 2019. She also served as Vice Governor of Pampanga under her son Dennis Pineda from 2019 to 2025. and as Mayor of Lubao from 1992 until 2001. Pineda was a close ally of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo during the latter's presidency from 2001 to 2010.

She established the local party, Kapanalig at Kambilan ning Memalen Pampanga (Kambilan) in 2012.
Argosy Book Store
The Argosy Book Store is New York City's oldest independent bookstore. Located at 116 East 59th Street, between Park and Lexington Avenues in Midtown Manhattan, it occupies an entire six-story townhouse with various sales floors specializing in first editions, Americana, leather bindings, antique maps and prints, and autographs. The store, also noted for a wide selection of bargain books, has its own framing and shipping departments and owns a large warehouse in Brooklyn.

Park Avenue
Park Avenue is a boulevard in New York City that carries north and southbound traffic in the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. For most of the road's length in Manhattan, it runs parallel to Madison Avenue to the west and Lexington Avenue to the east. Park Avenue's entire length was formerly called Fourth Avenue; the title still applies to the section between Cooper Square and 14th Street. The avenue is called Union Square East between 14th and 17th streets, and Park Avenue South between 17th and 32nd streets.
Penny Lover
"Penny Lover" is the title of the fifth and final single released from Lionel Richie's multi-platinum 1983 album, Can't Slow Down. The song was written by Richie and his then-wife, Brenda Harvey Richie.

As with all the other singles taken from Can't Slow Down ("All Night Long (All Night)", "Running with the Night", "Hello" and "Stuck on You"), "Penny Lover" was a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, spending two weeks at No. 8 in December 1984. The song reached an identical No. 8 peak position on the Billboard R&B chart, while on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, the song logged four weeks at No. 1. On the UK Singles Chart, the song reached number 18. In Canada, it peaked at No. 12 on the RPM singles chart.

In a song review printed in Billboard by an anonymous writer in 1984, "Penny Lover" was described as "another of his unfailingly effective universal-appeal ballads".

Hello (Lionel Richie song)
"Hello" is a song by American singer and songwriter Lionel Richie. Taken as the third single from his second solo album, Can't Slow Down (1983), the song was released in 1984 and reached number one on three Billboard music charts: the pop chart (for two weeks), the R&B chart (for three weeks), and the Adult Contemporary chart (for six weeks). The song also went to number one on the UK Singles Chart for six weeks.

The song was subject to a lawsuit by songwriter Marjorie Hoffman White, who accused Richie of plagiarizing her 1978 composition "I'm Not Ready to Go".
Jin Chae-seon
Jin Chae-seon (born 1842 or 1847) was a Korean pansori singer, widely regarded as the first female master of a male dominated genre, although she was probably not the first woman to perform pansori, as gisaeng courtesans might have performed it before her. She was a master of performing Chunhyangga and Simcheongga.

Simcheongga
Simcheongga (Korean: 심청가) is one of the five surviving stories of the Korean pansori storytelling tradition. The other stories are Chunhyangga, Heungbuga, Jeokbyeokga, and Sugungga. The characteristic of this story is that it deals with the difficult lives of ordinary people in the late Joseon Dynasty, and it contains the heroism and values of life that ordinary people wanted at that time. In the end, it is a fantasy genre in which the socially disadvantaged overcome hardships and have a dramatic happy ending.
Burn, Berlin, Burn!
Burn, Berlin, Burn! is a compilation album released by Atari Teenage Riot in 1997.  Initially released in the United States by the Beastie Boys' record label Grand Royal (Mike D was quoted saying the music is "the most punk-rock shit ever" ), the album is a collection of tracks from their first two albums Delete Yourself! and The Future of War.  After Grand Royal Records went defunct, the album was later remastered and re-released on Digital Hardcore Recordings.

The Future of War
The Future of War is the second studio album  by Atari Teenage Riot.

Faster and harder than their previous effort, the album sees the band's only female member at the time, Hanin Elias, providing vocals for a larger share of the songs. In May 2002, The Future of War was placed on the Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien index in Germany, meaning that it may not be advertised or sold to minors. According to band member Alec Empire, Future of War was notable for its "left-rooted critique of the 'modern' high-tech-war, as we had seen it all some years previously during the Gulf War."
Lealholm railway station
Lealholm is a railway station on the Esk Valley Line, which runs between Middlesbrough and Whitby via Nunthorpe. The station, situated 11 miles 40 chains (18.5 km) west of Whitby, serves the village of Lealholm in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Whitby railway station
Whitby is a railway station serving the town of Whitby in North Yorkshire, England. It is the southern terminus of the Esk Valley Line from Middlesbrough. The station is owned by Network Rail; its mainline services are operated by Northern Trains and its heritage services by the North Yorkshire Moors Railway.
The Devil's Only Friend
The Devil's Only Friend is a 2015 horror novel by Dan Wells published by Tor Books.  It tells the story of teenage sociopath John Wayne Cleaver, now seventeen years old and the member of a team of FBI agents dedicated to hunting down a network of supernatural murderers known as "the Withered." The Devil's Only Friend is the fourth book in the John Wayne Cleaver series, preceded by I Am Not a Serial Killer (2009), Mr. Monster (2010), and I Don't Want to Kill You (2011). The majority of its reviews were positive, and it was selected as the 2015 Whitney Award winner in the speculative fiction category. Translations include Spanish and German. It the first novel in the second John Cleaver trilogy, and is followed by Over Your Dead Body (2016).

I Am Not a Serial Killer
I Am Not a Serial Killer is a 2009 horror novel written by the American author Dan Wells, originally published by Tor Books. It is Wells' debut novel and the first installment in the John Cleaver series. It is followed by five books, and has been published in English, Spanish, French, German, and Russian.

Wells wrote the novel using his own prior knowledge of serial killers. It follows the teenager John Wayne Cleaver, a diagnosed sociopath. He seeks to expose a serial killer that has come to his midwestern hometown. Reception of the novel was mostly positive. A film adaptation was released in 2016.
Barbara McColl
Barbara Joanne McColl Stopford BEM (née McColl) is a Scottish professional ballroom dancer, teacher, and adjudicator. She specializes in International Latin. With Sammy Stopford, she won in the professional Latin category four times at the  Blackpool Dance Festival and three times at the UK Open. She is the Organizer of The World Championship WDC AL.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Lady Mary Colman
Lady Mary Cecilia Colman (née Bowes-Lyon; 30 January 1932 – 2 January 2021) was an English socialite, philanthropist, and extra lady-in-waiting to Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy.

The daughter of Michael Bowes-Lyon and Elizabeth Margaret Cator, her paternal aunt was Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, and she was thus a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon.

Princess Alexandra (born 1936)
Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy (Alexandra Helen Elizabeth Olga Christabel; born 25 December 1936), is a member of the British royal family. She is the only daughter of Prince George, Duke of Kent, and Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, the only living granddaughter of George V, a niece of Edward VIII and George VI, and a first cousin of Elizabeth II. Alexandra's mother was also a first cousin of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, consort of Elizabeth II, making her both a second cousin and first cousin once removed of Charles III.

Alexandra was married to the businessman Sir Angus Ogilvy from 1963 until his death in 2004. At the time of her birth, she was sixth in the line of succession to the British throne; as of 2026, she is 58th.
Battle of Itapytanguá
The Battle of Itapytanguá was fought in September 1869, during the Paraguayan War's Campaign of the Hills.

After the bloody battles of Piribebuy and Acosta Ñu, the Paraguayan army had been dispersed and forced to withdraw. One of its remaining columns, under commander Anselmo Cañete, was engaged by a Brazilian force twice its size and defeated, losing its two guns and many of its men in the process.

Battle of Acosta Ñu
The Battle of Acosta Ñu (Guarani: Acosta Ñu ñorairõ), also known as the Children's Battle (Spanish: Batalla de los Niños) in Paraguay and the Battle of Campo Grande (Portuguese: Batalha de Campo Grande) in Brazil, took place on 16 August 1869. It was the last major engagement of the Paraguayan War between the Triple Alliance and Paraguay. The 3,500 poorly armed Paraguayans, mostly boys between nine and fifteen years old, old men and wounded combatants, confronted 20,000 Brazilian and Argentine veteran soldiers.: 104
George Romney 1968 presidential campaign
George Romney ran for the 1968 Republican Party nomination in the 1968 United States presidential election.

Romney was the Governor of Michigan and automaker who focused his campaign on the issues of fiscal responsibility, welfare reform, and the Vietnam War. If elected, he would have been the first president who was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

1968 Republican Party presidential primaries
From February 3 to July 13, 1968, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1968 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Richard Nixon was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1968 Republican National Convention held from August 5 to August 8, 1968, in Miami Beach, Florida.
Indian consumer confidence index
Consumer confidence is a key driver of economic growth and is widely considered a leading economic indicator of household spending on consumption. Consumers tend to increase consumption when they feel confident about the current and future economic situation of the country and their own financial conditions. In economies such as India and the US, where personal consumption accounts for more than 60% and 70% of gross domestic product respectively, consumer confidence has a particularly significant impact on the economy. Measuring it can provide critical insight into the economy's growth prospects. Consumer sentiment indices are essential tools used by global investors and will be an immense aid to individual and institutional investors in India.

Consumer confidence
Consumer confidence is an economic indicator that measures the degree of optimism that consumers feel about the overall state of the economy and their personal financial situation. If the consumer has confidence in  the immediate and near future economy and his/her personal finance, then the consumer will spend more than save.

When consumer confidence is high, consumers make more purchases. When confidence is low, consumers tend to save more and spend less. A month-to-month trend in consumer confidence reflects the outlook of consumers with respect to their ability to find and retain good jobs according to their perception of the current state of the economy and their personal financial situation.

Consumer confidence typically increases when the economy expands, and decreases when the economy contracts. In the United States, there is evidence that the measure is a lagging indicator of stock market performance.
Mega Shark Versus Crocosaurus
Mega Shark Versus Crocosaurus is a 2010 disaster horror film by The Asylum, released on December 21, 2010, in the United States. The film stars Jaleel White, Gary Stretch, Robert Picardo, Dylan Vox, Hannah Cowley and Sarah Lieving.

The film is a sequel to the 2009 film Mega Shark Versus Giant Octopus and is the second installment in the Mega Shark series of films, but contains little of the original cast from that film.

Mega Shark Versus Giant Octopus
Mega Shark Versus Giant Octopus is a 2009 American-British monster disaster film distributed by The Asylum, released on May 19, 2009, in the United States and on August 7, 2009, in the United Kingdom. It was directed by Ace Hannah and stars singer Deborah Gibson and actor Lorenzo Lamas. The film is about the hunt for two prehistoric sea-monsters causing mayhem and carnage at sea, and is the first installment in the Mega Shark series of films.
Gary Thomas (musician)
Gary Thomas (born June 10, 1961) is an American jazz saxophonist and flautist, born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was a member of Jack DeJohnette's Special Edition band and has worked with John McLaughlin, Herbie Hancock, Pat Metheny, John Scofield, Jim Hall, Dave Holland, Greg Osby, Wayne Shorter, Ravi Coltrane, Cassandra Wilson, Wallace Roney, Steve Coleman, and Miles Davis.

Thomas was the Director and Chair of Jazz Studies at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.

Cassandra Wilson
Cassandra Wilson (born December 4, 1955) is an American jazz singer, songwriter, and producer from Jackson, Mississippi. She is one of the most successful female jazz singers and has been described by critic Gary Giddins as "a singer blessed with an unmistakable timbre and attack [who has] expanded the playing field" by incorporating blues, country, and folk music into her work. She has won numerous awards, including two Grammys, and was named "America's Best Singer" by Time magazine in 2001.
Enhanced privacy ID
Enhanced privacy ID (EPID) is Intel Corporation's recommended algorithm for attestation of a trusted system while preserving privacy. It has been incorporated in several Intel chipsets since 2008 and Intel processors since 2011. At RSAC 2016 Intel disclosed that it has shipped over 2.4B EPID keys since 2008.  EPID complies with international standards ISO/IEC 20008  / 20009, and the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) TPM 2.0 for authentication. Intel contributed EPID intellectual property to ISO/IEC under RAND-Z terms. Intel is recommending that EPID become the standard across the industry for use in authentication of devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) and in December 2014 announced that it was licensing the technology to third-party chip makers to broadly enable its use.

Trusted Platform Module
A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a secure cryptoprocessor that implements the ISO/IEC 11889 standard. Common uses are verifying that the boot process starts from a trusted combination of hardware and software and storing disk encryption keys.

A TPM 2.0 implementation is part of the Windows 11 system requirements.
Meigle railway station
Meigle railway station served the village of Meigle in the Scottish county of Perth and Kinross. The station was on the Alyth Railway from Alyth Junction on the Scottish Midland Junction Railway running between Perth and Arbroath.

Alyth Junction railway station
Alyth Junction railway station served the village of Meigle in the Scottish county of Perth and Kinross. The station was the junction where the Alyth Railway and the Dundee and Newtyle Railway diverged from the Scottish Midland Junction Railway running between Perth and Arbroath.

The station is in the Angus council area, just over the border from Meigle.
Maes y Facrell National Nature Reserve
Maes y Facrell National Nature Reserve sits high above the coastal town of Llandudno on the Great Orme headland, in the county of Conwy, Wales. It commands sweeping views of Conwy Bay, and the mountains of Snowdonia.

Designated a national nature reserve both for its biological and geological interest, it contains a mosaic of flower-rich grassland, and fragments of limestone pavement. There is evidence of past human activity everywhere, and old copper mines are scattered throughout the site.

National nature reserves in Wales
In Wales, national nature reserves (NNRs) are selected and designated by Natural Resources Wales (NRW; formerly the Countryside Council for Wales). There are 76 reserves, all of which are also SSSIs. They cover 26,536 hectares (265.36 km2), or less than 1.5% of the land area of Wales. They range in size from Dan yr Ogof at 0.5 hectares (5,000 m2) to Berwyn which covers 7,920 hectares (79.2 km2) . A national nature reserve is designated because of its special biological, geological, habitat or landscape value and most in Wales are open to the public. They include upland and lowland areas, several offshore islands and in some cases estuarine and intertidal zones.
Tolerance relation
In universal algebra and lattice theory, a tolerance relation on an algebraic structure is a reflexive symmetric relation that is compatible with all operations of the structure. Thus a tolerance is like a congruence, except that the assumption of transitivity is dropped. On a set, an algebraic structure with empty family of operations, tolerance relations are simply reflexive symmetric relations. A set that possesses a tolerance relation can be described as a tolerance space. Tolerance relations provide a convenient general tool for studying indiscernibility/indistinguishability phenomena. The importance of those for mathematics had been first recognized by Poincaré.

Symmetric relation
A symmetric relation is a type of binary relation. Formally, a binary relation R over a set X is symmetric if:

where the notation aRb means that (a, b) ∈ R.

An example is the relation "is equal to", because if a = b is true then b = a is also true. If RT represents the converse of R, then R is symmetric if and only if R = RT.

Symmetry, along with reflexivity and transitivity, are the three defining properties of an equivalence relation.