hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Semidione
Semidiones are radical anions analogous to semiquinones, obtained from the one-electron reduction of non-quinone conjugated dicarbonyls.

The simplest possible semidiones are derived from 1,2-dicarbonyls and have structure R−C(−O−)=C(−O•)−R' ↔ R−C(−O•)=C(−O−)−R', making them the second member of a homologous series starting with ketyl radicals and continuing with semitriones.
They are often transient intermediates, appearing in reactions such as the final reduction step of the acyloin condensation.

Benzil semidione (Ph−C(−O−)=C(−O•)−Ph ↔ Ph−C(−O•)=C(−O−)−Ph), synthesized by Auguste Laurent in 1836, is believed to have been the first radical ion ever characterized.: 425

Semidehydroascorbate is a relatively stable semitrione produced by hydrogen abstraction from ascorbate (Vitamin C).

Dicarbonyl
In organic chemistry, a dicarbonyl is a molecule containing two carbonyl (C=O) groups. Although this term could refer to any organic compound containing two carbonyl groups, it is used more specifically to describe molecules in which both carbonyls are in close enough proximity that their reactivity is changed, such as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dicarbonyls. Their properties often differ from those of monocarbonyls, and so they are usually considered functional groups of their own. These compounds can have symmetrical or unsymmetrical substituents on each carbonyl, and may also be functionally symmetrical (dialdehydes, diketones, diesters, etc.) or unsymmetrical (keto-esters, keto-acids, etc.).
Alexey Sitnikov (politician)
Alexey Vladimirovich Sitnikov (Russian: Алексей Владимирович Ситников; June 19, 1971, Krasnoye-na-Volge, Kostroma Oblast) is a Russian political figure, deputy of the 8th State Duma.

From 2004 to 2016, Sitnikov was the deputy of the Kostroma Oblast Duma of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th convocations. In 2011, he was elected deputy of the 6th State Duma. In 2016 and 2021, he was re-elected for the 7th and 8th State Dumas.

8th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 8th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации восьмого созыва) is the current convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.

The composition of the 8th State Duma was determined based on the results of the 2021 legislative election. Elections were held using a mixed system: 225 deputies were elected on party lists and 225 — in single-member constituencies. Of the 14 parties that participated in the elections, only 5 were able to overcome the 5% barrier. And for the first time since 1999, more than four parties were able to form their own factions. Three more parties and five independent candidates were able to win one seat each through single-mandate constituencies.

In accordance with the presidential decree, the first meeting of the 8th State Duma was held on 12 October 2021.
Testicular pain
Testicular pain, also known as scrotal pain, occurs when part or all of either one or both testicles hurts. Pain in the scrotum is also often included. Testicular pain may be of sudden onset or of long duration.

Causes range from non-serious muscular skeletal problems to emergency conditions such as Fournier gangrene and testicular torsion. The diagnostic approach involves making sure no serious conditions are present. Diagnosis may be supported by ultrasound, urine tests, and blood tests.

Pain management is typically given with definitive management depending on the underlying cause.

Fournier gangrene
Fournier gangrene is a type of necrotizing fasciitis or gangrene affecting the external genitalia or perineum. It most commonly occurs in older men, but it can also occur both in women and children, diabetics, alcoholics, or the immunocompromised.
William Webster (Australian politician)
William Webster (7 June 1860 – 3 October 1936) was an Australian politician. He began his career in the Australian Labor Party (ALP), serving a single term in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (1901–1903) before winning election to the House of Representatives at the 1903 federal election. He served as Postmaster-General in the Hughes government from 1915 to 1920. He left the ALP during the 1916 party split and remained in parliament as a Nationalist until his defeat in 1919.

Nationalist Party (Australia)
The Nationalist Party, also known as the National Party, was an Australian political party. It was formed in February 1917 from a merger between the Liberal Party and the National Labor Party, the latter formed by Prime Minister Billy Hughes and his supporters after the 1916 Labor Party split over World War I conscription. The Nationalist Party was established as a 'united' non-Labor opposition that had remained a political trend once the Labor party established itself in federal politics. The party  was in government (from 1923 in coalition with the Country Party) until electoral defeat in 1929. From that time it was the main opposition to the Labor Party until it merged with pro-Joseph Lyons Labor defectors to form the United Australia Party (UAP) in 1931. The party is a direct ancestor of the Liberal Party of Australia, the main centre-right party in Australia.
My Rowdy Angel
My Rowdy Angel (Burmese: ကိုယ်စောင့်နတ်) is a 2018 Burmese romantic-comedy film, directed by Win Lwin Htet starring Hlwan Paing, Khin Wint Wah, Yan Aung, Kyaw Thu, Htun Htun, Htoo Aung, Yell Htwe Aung, Thu Ta Aung and Khaing Thazin Ngu Wah. The film, produced by Media 7 Film Production premiered Myanmar on December 28, 2018.

Htun Htun
Htun Htun (Examplez) (Burmese: ထွန်းထွန်း; born Htin Aung Htun on 24 December 1983) is a Burmese actor and singer. He is best known for his leading roles in several Burmese films. Throughout his career, he has acted as leading actor in over 100 films and 40 Big screen movies.
Ismail Abdul Rahman
Ismail bin Abdul Rahman (Jawi: إسماعيل بن عبدالرحمن; 4 November 1915 – 2 August 1973) was a Malaysian politician who served as the second Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia from September 1970 to his death in August 1973. A member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), he previously held several ministerial posts.

Ismail has been called "the man who saved Malaysia" for his actions as Minister of Home Affairs after the 13 May incident of racial rioting in 1969.

Onn Jaafar
Onn bin Dato' Jaafar (Jawi: عون بن جعفر; 12 February 1895 – 19 January 1962) was a Malayan politician who served as the 7th Menteri Besar of Johor from 1947 to 1950. His organised opposition towards the creation of the Malayan Union (by the returning British colonial power after the end of the Japanese occupation of Malaya) led him to form the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in 1946; he was UMNO's founder and its first president until his resignation in 1951. He was famously known as the pioneer of organised anti-imperialism and early Malay nationalism within Malaya, which eventually culminated with the Malayan independence from Britain. He was also responsible for the social and economic welfare of the Malays by setting up the Rural Industrial Development Authority (RIDA).
Charles Knight (artist)
Charles Knight ROI VPRWS (27 August 1901 – 15 May 1990) was a British landscape painter and stained-glass artist, best remembered for his watercolour paintings of the landscapes of Sussex. His works are in the permanent collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum, the British Museum, the Royal Watercolour Society, Towner Eastbourne and the University of Brighton.

University of Brighton
The University of Brighton is a public university based in Brighton on the south coast of England. Its roots can be traced back to 1858 when the Brighton School of Art was opened in the Royal Pavilion. It achieved university status in 1992.

The university focuses on practical, creative, and professional education, with the majority of degrees awarded also recognised by professional organisations or leading to professional qualifications. Subjects include pharmacy, engineering, ecology, computing, art, architecture, geology, nursing, teaching, sport science, journalism, criminology and business. It has around 18,000 students and 2,400 staff. The QS World University Rankings places the university within the top 100 internationally for Art and Design.
Cañazas District
Cañazas District is a district (distrito) of Veraguas Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 15,999; the latest official estimate (for 2019) is 18,022. The district covers a total area of 789 km2. The capital lies at the town of Cañazas.

Veraguas Province
Veraguas (Spanish pronunciation: [beˈɾa.ɣwas]) is a province of Panama, located in the centre-west of the country. The capital is the city of Santiago de Veraguas. It is the only Panamanian province to border both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It covers an area of 10,587.6 km² and in 2023 it had a population of 259,791.
Queenborough
Queenborough is a town on the Isle of Sheppey in the Swale borough of Kent in South East England.

Queenborough is two miles (3 km) south of Sheerness. It grew as a port near the Thames Estuary at the westward entrance to the Swale where it joins the River Medway. It is in the Sittingbourne and Sheppey parliamentary constituency.

Queenborough Harbour offers moorings between the Thames and Medway. It is possible to land at Queenborough on any tide and there are boat builders and chandlers in the marina. Admiral Lord Nelson is reputed to have learned many of his seafaring skills in these waters, and also shared a house near the small harbour with his mistress, Lady Hamilton.

Queenborough today still reflects something of its original 18th-century seafaring history, from which period most of its more prominent buildings survive. The church is the sole surviving feature from the medieval period. The town was first represented by two members of parliament in 1572.

The Swale
The Swale is a tidal channel of the Thames estuary that separates the Isle of Sheppey from the rest of Kent.  On its banks is a 6,509.4-hectare (16,085-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest which stretches from Sittingbourne to Whitstable in Kent. It is also a Ramsar internationally important wetland site and a Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Parts of it are a  Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, National Nature Reserves, a Kent Wildlife Trust nature reserve and a Local Nature Reserve.
Swedish Friesian
The Swedish Friesian, Swedish: Svensk Låglandsboskap, often abbreviated to SLB, is a Swedish breed of dairy cattle. It  was established in about 1870 from imports of cattle of Dutch Friesian or German Black Pied type. From about 1970 it has been systematically cross-bred with the American Holstein-Friesian breed, to the point that the original Swedish type may be extinct. The name Swedish Holstein may also be used.: 307

Dairy cattle
Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle bred with the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.  Dairy cattle generally are of the species Bos taurus.

Historically, little distinction was made between dairy cattle and beef cattle, with the same stock often being used for both meat and milk production.  Today, the bovine industry is more specialized and most dairy cattle have been bred to produce large volumes of milk.
MJL Bangladesh Limited
MJL Bangladesh PLC (Bengali: এমজেএল বাংলাদেশ লিমিটেড) (DSE: MJLBD, CSE: MJLBD) widely known as Mobil Bangladesh, formerly known as Mobil Jamuna Lubricants Limited, is a company that is jointly owned by Jamuna Oil Company, a subsidiary of government-owned Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation and EC Securities Limited, a subsidiary of East Coast Group. Azam J Chowdhury is the Managing Director of the MJL Bangladesh Limited. M. Mukul Hossain is the Chief Executive Officer of the company. It markets products of ExxonMobil as the strategic alliance partner of the company in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation
Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পেট্রোলিয়াম কর্পোরেশন) (BPC) is a government agency in Bangladesh to import, distribute and market oil and petroleum products. Amin-Ul-Ahsan is the chairperson of Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation.
TV Miyazaki
Miyazaki Telecasting Co., Ltd.  (abbreviation: UMK, Japanese name: 株式会社テレビ宮崎) callsign JODI-DTV (channel 3) is a Japanese TV station in Miyazaki. Currently branded as TV Miyazaki (テレビ宮崎), it is affiliated with FNN/FNS, NNN and ANN.

This is the only TV station in Japan that has joined three TV networks at the same time.

Nippon News Network
Nippon News Network (NNN) is a Japanese commercial television network owned by Nippon Television (NTV), which itself is controlled by The Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings. The network's responsibility includes the syndication of national television news bulletins to its regional affiliates, and news exchange between the stations.

NNN also operates NTV News24, a 24-hour news channel available on subscription television platforms and also aired on select NNN affiliates during overnights.

Distribution of non-news television programmes is handled by Nippon Television Network System (NNS), another network set up by NTV.
Arsenal Credit Union
Arsenal Credit Union (ACU) provides financial products and services to people who live and work in the St. Louis metropolitan area. The credit union is chartered and regulated under the authority of the Missouri Division of Credit Unions. Member deposits are federally insured to at least $250,000 by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a U.S. government agency. The credit union has five branches and is headquartered in Arnold, Missouri. ACU  is the 7th-largest credit union in St. Louis and the 9th-largest in Missouri based on asset size ($431.6 million as of June 2025).

Arnold, Missouri
Arnold is a city in northeastern Jefferson County, Missouri, situated near the confluence of the Meramec and Mississippi rivers. A suburb of St. Louis, the city lies within the Greater St. Louis metropolitan statistical area.  The population was 20,858 at the 2020 United States census, which makes it the most populous community in the county.
Vladislav Dikidzhi
Vladislav Maksimovich Dikidzhi (born 22 August 2004) is a Russian figure skater competing in men's singles. He is the 2025 Russian national champion and 2024 Russian national silver medalist.

He has landed quadruple Axels in practice.

2024 Russian Figure Skating Championships
The 2024 Russian Figure Skating Championships (Russian: Чемпионат России по фигурному катанию на коньках 2024) were held from 20 to 24 December 2023 in Chelyabinsk. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, pairs, and ice dance.
Abeyratne Ratnayaka
Ratnayake Wasala Mudiyanselage Abeyratne  Ratnayaka (7 January 1900 - 1977) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was the first Cabinet Minister of Food, Co-operatives; Minister of Home Affairs  in independent Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and the last President of the Senate of Ceylon.

President of the Senate of Ceylon
The president of the Senate of Ceylon, was the presiding officer and the highest ranking-official of the Senate of Ceylon.

The president of the Senate was the fourth most senior position in the government, following the governor general, the prime minister and the chief justice.

The Senate was created on 1947 with the abolition of the Soulbury Commission as the upper house with the House of Representatives of Ceylon as the lower house. The position of president was created under clause 16 of the Ceylon (Constitution) Order in Council, 1947, which required the Senate at its first constituted meeting to elect two senators to the role of president and deputy president. The position becoming vacant when the president either resigned or ceased to be a senator. The president had the casting vote in the event of a tied vote in the senate.
Alok Kumar Soren
Alok Kumar Soren is an Indian politician from Jharkhand. He is a member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Sikaripara Assembly constituency as a member of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.

Jharkhand Legislative Assembly
The Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, commonly known as the Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha, is the unicameral state legislature of Jharkhand state in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Ranchi, the capital of the state.
Smin Pun-Si
Smin Pun-Si (Mon: သၟိင်ပန်စီ; Burmese: သမိန်ပွန်စည်, Burmese pronunciation: [θəmèiɰ̃ pʊ́ɰ̃ zì]; d. 1422) was a Hanthawaddy commander who fought in the first four conflicts of the Forty Years' War against the northern Kingdom of Ava. A career officer serving between 1390 and 1422, Pun-Si was executed by Prince Binnya Kyan at the onset of the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1422–1423).

Forty Years' War
The Forty Years' War (Burmese: အနှစ်လေးဆယ်စစ်; 1385 – 1423; also Ava–Pegu War or the Mon–Burmese War) was a military war fought between the Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava and the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy. The war was fought during two separate periods: 1385 to 1391, and 1401 to 1424, interrupted by two truces of 1391–1401 and 1403–1408. It was fought primarily in today's Lower Burma and also in Upper Burma, Shan State, and Rakhine State. It ended in a stalemate, preserving the independence of Hanthawaddy, and effectively ending Ava's efforts to rebuild the erstwhile Pagan Kingdom.
Jean-Baptiste Say
Jean-Baptiste Say (French: [ʒɑ̃batist sɛ]; 5 January 1767 – 15 November 1832) was a liberal French economist and businessman who argued in favor of competition, free trade, and lifting restraints on business. He is best known for Say's law—also known as the law of markets—which he popularized, although scholars disagree as to whether it was Say who first articulated the theory. Moreover, he was one of the first economists to study entrepreneurship and conceptualized entrepreneurs as organizers and leaders of the economy. He was also closely involved in the development of the École spéciale de commerce et d'industrie (ESCP), historically the first business school to be established.

ESCP Business School
ESCP Business School (French: École Supérieure de Commerce de Paris; English: Upper Business School of Paris) is a French business school and grande école founded in Paris and based across Europe with campuses in Paris, Berlin, London, Madrid, Turin, and Warsaw. Established in 1819, it is considered the world's oldest business school. ESCP Business School runs BSc, MBA, Executive MBA, master's degree programs in finance and management, executive education programs, and PhD programs.

It is, along with HEC and ESSEC, a member of the Parisiennes, an informal term designating the three most prestigious business schools in France.
Bush carpentry
Bush carpentry is an expression used in Australia and New Zealand that refers to improvised methods of building or repair, using available materials and an ad hoc design, usually in a pioneering or rural context.

Wall plate
Cripple

Window header

Top plate / upper wall plate

Window sill

Stud

Sill plate / sole plate / bottom plate

A plate or wall plate is a horizontal, structural, load-bearing member in wooden building framing.
Manla Water Conservancy Hub Project
28°50′48″N 89°49′59″E﻿ / ﻿28.8467°N 89.8331°E﻿ / 28.8467; 89.8331

Manla Water Conservancy Hub Project (Chinese: 满拉水利枢纽工程), also Manla Reservoir (Chinese: 满拉水库), is situated in the upper sections of the Nangchu River in Longma Township, Gyantse County, Shigatse Prefecture, Tibet. This is a substantial water conservancy construction initiative that facilitates irrigation and power generation while also providing multifaceted advantages such as flood control, soil and water conservation, and tourism. It is part of the 62 Aid Projects to Tibet and represents the first large-scale comprehensive water conservancy hub project in the region.

Shigatse
Shigatse, officially known as Xigazê (Tibetan: གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་, Wylie: gzhis ka rtse, ZWPY: xigazê) or Rikaze (Chinese: 日喀则; pinyin: Rìkāzé), is a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Its area of jurisdiction, with an area of 182,000 km2 (70,271 sq mi), corresponds to the historical Ü-Tsang region of Tibet, and is most notable for containing the Chinese half of Mount Everest.
Kafas (TV series)
Kafas (transl. Cage (reference to prison), correct spelling Qafas - क़फ़स k with nuqta,  stylized as #Kafas) is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language drama TV series on SonyLIV directed by Sahil Sangha. The show is produced by Applause Entertainment and Madiba Entertainment. The series stars Sharman Joshi, Mona Singh in leading roles along with Mikhail Gandhi, Tejasvi Singh Ahlawat and Vivan Bhatena. It is an official adaption of the 2019 British miniseries Dark Money.

The show is released on Sony LIV on 23 June 2023.

SonyLIV
Sony LIV is an Indian subscription video-on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Culver Max Entertainment. Sony LIV was introduced in 2013 as the first OTT service in India. As a streaming service, it provides live sports, original titles, other content titles from its own networks and content titles in India licensed from third-parties such as JioHotstar, Netflix among others. The Sony LIV content library includes films, TV shows and series, and sports.
Telangana Joint Action Committee
Telangana Joint Action Committee (TJAC) is an activist organisation in Telangana, India. It was formed on 24 December 2009 during the Telangana movement to seek the creation of a Telangana state, then a region of Andhra Pradesh, this was achieved in 2014.

It organised various protests for this purpose like the Sakkala Janula Samme, Million March, and Telangana March. It is an umbrella organisation comprising various wings such as students and employees. The Chairman of TJAC is M. Kodandaram.

Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)
Andhra Pradesh, retrospectively referred to as United Andhra Pradesh or Undivided Andhra Pradesh, was a state in India formed by States Reorganisation Act, 1956 with Hyderabad as its capital and was reorganised by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The state was made up of three distinct cultural regions of Telangana, Rayalaseema, and Coastal Andhra. Before the 1956 reorganisation, Telangana had been part of Hyderabad State, whereas Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra had been part of Andhra State, formerly a part of Madras Presidency of British India.
Kirad al-Ghannama
Kirad al-Ghannama was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 22, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 11 km northeast of Safad. Wadi Mushayrifa ran between the two Kirad villages (al-Ghannama and al-Baqqara) and Wadi Waqqas supplied the village with its water requirements.
The village contained the following khirbas: Khirbat Nijmat al-Subh, Tall al-Qadah, and Tall al-Safa.

Safad Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Safad Subdistrict (Arabic: قضاء صفد; Hebrew: נפת צפת) was  one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine before it was captured by Israel in 1948. It was located around the city of Safad. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the subdistrict, which fell entirely within modern-day Israel, became the modern-day Safed Subdistrict in the Northern District (Israel).