hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anton Ferdinand Mittrowsky
Anton Ferdinand Freiherr Mittrowsky von Mittrowitz und Nemyšl, or Anton Mittrowsky, (1745 – 30 September 1809) was promoted to general officer in the spring of 1796, just in time to lead a brigade against Napoleon Bonaparte during the Italian campaign of 1796–1797 in the War of the First Coalition. He served as a regimental commander in 1792–1796, leading his unit at Neerwinden, Famars, and Le Quesnoy in 1793. In the following year, he led the regiment at Landrecies, Beaumont, Courtrai, and Fleurus. In 1796, he led a brigade at Castiglione and 2nd Bassano, and played a pivotal role at Arcole, nearly defeating Bonaparte. In 1799, he commanded troops at Verona, Magnano, Novi, and Genola. During the Napoleonic Wars he led forces at Caldiero in 1805. He became the Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian infantry regiment from 1806 until his death three years later.

Siege of Landrecies (1794)
The siege of Landrecies (17–30 April 1794) was a military operation during the Spring 1794 campaign in the Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition. It was conducted by the veldleger (mobile army) of the Dutch States Army, commanded by the Hereditary Prince of Orange, assisted by auxiliary forces from the Habsburg Austrian army, against the fortress of Landrecies, garrisoned by troops of the First French Republic under general Henri Victor Roulland. The fortress capitulated on 30 April 1794.
Mali Kozjak
Kozjak, also known as Mali Kozjak or Primorski Kozjak (to differentiate it from Veliki Kozjak) is a mountain located above the town of Kaštela in Dalmatia, Croatia. 
It belongs to Dinaric Alps, and stretches from the pass of Klis in the southeast, to the above Split Airport in the northwest. The highest peak is Veli vrj (779 m) above Kaštel Gomilica. Its southern slope is very steep, and northern rock slopes gradually turns to the corrugate plateau of Dalmatian Zagora. Kozjak is mainly composed of karst — limestone rocks.

Mali Kozjak above the town of Kaštela is more known than Veliki Kozjak above the village of Kijevo. On the west side of the ridge is the well-known mountain centre of Malačka on 477 m.

Its highest peak overlooks the city of Split, the ancient Roman settlement of Salona, towns of Solin, Kaštela, Trogir, and most of central Dalmatia islands.

Veliki Kozjak
Veliki Kozjak or just Kozjak is a mountain cliff in Croatia, located  inland of Dalmatian Zagora.

It belongs to Dinaric Alps, and stretches over the small village Kijevo between the towns of Vrlika and Knin.
The highest peak of this cliff is Bat (1,207 m), and its southeast peak is Kunica (1,101 m), over the small village of Maovice.
Baisha, Taishan
Baisha (Chinese: 白沙; pinyin: Báishā; Jyutping: baak6saa1; lit. 'white sand'; Taishanese: Bak-sa) is a town of Taishan, Guangdong province. As of 2018, it has two residential communities and 18 villages under its administration. As of 2024, Baisha has a population of 90,410 residing in an area of 238 km2 (92 sq mi).

Taishanese
Taishanese (simplified Chinese: 台山话; traditional Chinese: 臺山話; pinyin: Táishān huà; Jyutping: toi4 saan1 waa2), alternatively romanized in Cantonese as Toishanese or Toisanese, in local dialect as Hoisanese or Hoisanwa, is a Yue Chinese language native to Taishan, Guangdong.

Even though they are related, Taishanese has little mutual intelligibility with Cantonese. It is not a dialect of Cantonese. Taishanese is also spoken throughout Sze Yup (or Siyi in the pinyin romanization of Standard Mandarin Chinese), located on the western fringe of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, China. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, most of the Chinese emigration to North America originated in Sze Yup (which includes Taishan). Thus, up to the mid-20th century, Taishanese was the dominant variety of the Chinese language spoken in Chinatowns in Canada and the United States. It was formerly the lingua franca of the overseas Chinese residing in the United States.
Micronesian languages
The Micronesian languages form a family of Oceanic languages. The twenty languages are known for their lack of plain labial consonant and have instead two series, palatalized and labio-velarized labials, similar to the related New Caledonian languages.

New Caledonian languages
The thirty New Caledonian languages, also known as Kanak languages, form a branch of the Southern Oceanic languages. Their speakers are known as Kanaks. One language is extinct, one is critically endangered, four are severely endangered, five are endangered, and another five are vulnerable to extinction.
Uniform 5-polytope
In geometry, a uniform 5-polytope is a five-dimensional uniform polytope. By definition, a uniform 5-polytope is vertex-transitive and constructed from uniform 4-polytope facets.

The complete set of convex uniform 5-polytopes has not been determined, but many can be made as Wythoff constructions from a small set of symmetry groups. These construction operations are represented by the permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams.

Wythoff construction
In geometry, a Wythoff construction, named after mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff, is a method for constructing a uniform polyhedron or plane tiling. It is often referred to as Wythoff's kaleidoscopic construction.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) is a Gold open access, open peer-reviewed scientific journal. The journal scope is research aiming to understand the state and behaviour of the atmosphere and climate. ACP was pioneer of open peer review. The journal is published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union (EGU)

Copernicus Publications
Copernicus Publications (also: Copernicus GmbH) is a publisher of scientific literature based in Göttingen, Germany. Founded in 1994, Copernicus Publications currently publishes 28 peer-reviewed open access scientific journals and other publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

Copernicus Publications is part of the open-access publishing movement. Initially, the CC BY-NC was used. In 2007, they switched to the CC BY attribution license. Copernicus Publications has been described as the largest open access publisher in the Geo- and Earth system sciences, and it is known as one of the first publishers to embrace public peer review.

In 2014, after less than a year of publication, Copernius terminated publication of the Pattern Recognition in Physics journal, following allegations of nepotistic reviewing and malpractice; see Pattern Recognition in Physics#History for details.
Harrisburg Heat (2012–present)
The Harrisburg Heat are an American professional indoor soccer team based in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The team temporarily competes in the Major Arena Soccer League 2 (MASL2), with plans to return to the Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) for the 2026-27 season.

The Heat formerly played its home games at the New Holland Arena (originally called the "Large Arena") and the Equine Arena at the Pennsylvania Farm Show Complex & Expo Center in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Beginning with the 2025-26 season, the team moved to nearby Hershey where it currently plays at the Hersheypark Arena.

The Harrisburg Heat claim the heritage of an original Harrisburg Heat franchise that was a member of the National Professional Soccer League (NPSL), which later became the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL). Their mascot is a purple dragon named Scorch.

Major Arena Soccer League
The Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) is a professional indoor soccer league in North America. The MASL features teams playing coast-to-coast in the United States and Mexico. The league is the highest level of arena soccer in North America. The league draws talent from a global talent pool with players from Major League Soccer (MLS), Liga MX, and many national teams. With a new management team, the league has grown in popularity and commercially. Former USMNT and MLS star Landon Donovan played in the MASL, as do multiple international players.
Leyla-Tepe culture
The Leyla-Tepe culture (Azerbaijani: Leylatəpə mədəniyyəti) of the South Caucasus belongs to the Chalcolithic era. It got its name from the site in the Agdam District of modern-day Azerbaijan. Its settlements were distributed on the southern slopes of Central Caucasus, from 3800 until 3200 B.C.

Monuments of the Leyla-Tepe were first located in the 1980s by I. G. Narimanov, a Soviet archaeologist. In the 2000s attention to the monuments was inspired by the risk of their damage due to the construction of the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline and the South Caucasus pipeline.

Aghdam District
39°59′01″N 46°55′43″E﻿ / ﻿39.98361°N 46.92861°E﻿ / 39.98361; 46.92861

Aghdam District (Azerbaijani: Ağdam rayonu) is one of the 66 administrative divisions of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojaly, Kalbajar, Tartar, Khojavend, Aghjabadi, and Barda. Its capital is Aghdam. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 204,000.

Most of the territory of the district was under the occupation of Armenian forces following the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in the early 1990s. However, as part of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement which ended the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, the city of Aghdam and the surrounding district were returned to Azerbaijani control on 20 November 2020. Prior to the city's return to Azerbaijani control, the de facto capital of the district was Quzanlı.
Ocklawaha Valley Railroad
The Ocklawaha Valley Railroad, originally the Ocala Northern Railroad, was a railroad running from Silver Springs Junction, Florida (east of Ocala, Florida) to Palatka, Florida, running roughly parallel to the Oklawaha River. Except for the southernmost part, from Silver Springs Junction to Silver Springs, which was leased from the Seaboard Air Line Railroad (with trackage rights on the SAL main line to Ocala), the railroad never had any corporate relationship with larger railroad companies.

Ocala, Florida
Ocala (/oʊˈkælə/ oh-KAL-ə) is a city in and the county seat of Marion County, Florida, United States. Located in North Central Florida, the city's population was 63,591 as of the 2020 census, up from 56,315 at the 2010 census and making it the 43rd-most populated city in Florida. Ocala is the principal city of the Ocala metropolitan area, which had a population of 375,908 in 2020.

Home to over 400 thoroughbred farms and training centers, Ocala is considered the "Horse Capital of the World". Notable attractions include the Ocala National Forest, Silver Springs State Park, Rainbow Springs State Park, the College of Central Florida, and the World Equestrian Center.
Sue van der Merwe
Susan Comber van der Merwe (née Young; born 29 May 1954) is a South African politician who served as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs from April 2004 to November 2010. Before that, she was parliamentary counsellor to President Thabo Mbeki from January 2001 to April 2004. Formerly a Black Sash activist in the Cape Province, she represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from January 1996 until her resignation in October 2013.

Minister of International Relations and Cooperation
The Minister of International Relations and Cooperation is the foreign minister of the South African government, with political responsibility for South Africa's foreign relations and the Department of International Relations and Cooperation. The present minister is Ronald Lamola, who was appointed by President Cyril Ramaphosa on 30 June 2024.

After the creation of the Union of South Africa as a British dominion in 1910, its foreign relations were initially carried out by the British Foreign Office. However, in 1927 the South African government established a Department of External Affairs. From 1927 until 1955, the prime minister also served as foreign minister.
Coventry Catholic Deanery
The Coventry Deanery is a Roman Catholic Deanery in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham. Comprising fifteen parishes in the City of Coventry (together with chaplaincy's to both the University of Warwick and University Hospital Coventry), it is part of the Southern pastoral area.

Archdiocese of Birmingham
The Archdiocese of Birmingham is one of the principal Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in England and Wales. The archdiocese covers an area of 3,373 square miles (8,740 km2), encompassing Staffordshire, the West Midlands, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and much of Oxfordshire as well as Caversham in Berkshire. The metropolitan see is in the City of Birmingham at the Metropolitan Cathedral Church of Saint Chad. The metropolitan province includes the suffragan dioceses of Clifton and Shrewsbury.

The archbishop is Bernard Longley, who was named the ninth Archbishop of Birmingham on 1 October 2009. He succeeds the Archbishop of Westminster, Cardinal Vincent Nichols (2000–09). Longley was installed as Archbishop of Birmingham at the Metropolitan Cathedral and Basilica of Saint Chad on 8 December 2009, the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception and one of the patronal feasts of the archdiocese, St Chad being the other.
Regio Călători
Regio Călători (former Regiotrans) is a private rail company headquartered in Brașov, Romania. It was founded in 2005 and is  exclusively active in the passenger transport sector. At present Regiotrans runs about 200 train services per day.

Căile Ferate Române
Căile Ferate Române (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈkə.ile feˈrate roˈmɨne]; abbreviated as the CFR) was the state railway carrier of Romania. The company was dissolved on 1 October 1998 by splitting into several successor companies. CFR as an entity existed from 1880, even though the first railway on current Romanian territory was opened in 1854. CFR was divided into four autonomous companies:

CFR Călători, responsible for passenger services;

CFR Marfă, responsible for freight transport;

Compania Națională de Căi Ferate CFR, manages the infrastructure on the Romanian railway network; and

Societatea Feroviară de Turism, or SFT, which manages scenic and tourist railways.

CFR was headquartered in Bucharest and had regional divisions centered in Bucharest, Brașov, Cluj-Napoca, Constanța, Craiova, Galați, Iași, and Timișoara. Its International Union of Railways code is 53-CFR.
South Saskatchewan Regiment (1920–1924)
The South Saskatchewan Regiment was a short-lived infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1924, the regiment was reorganized and split up into 5 separate regiments.

Royal Regina Rifles
The Royal Regina Rifles is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. Prior to 1982 the regiment was known as The Regina Rifle Regiment.  The Royal Regina Rifles are part of 3rd Canadian Division's 38 Canadian Brigade Group.

The regiment was nicknamed "The Johns" during World War II because of the high proportion of "Farmer Johns" in its ranks.
Mannequin (short story)
“Mannequin” is a work of short fiction by Jean Rhys first published in her 1927 collection The Left Bank and Other Stories published by Jonathan Cape (London) and  Harper & Brothers (New York).

The story is included in the 1987 volume Jean Rhys: The Collected Short Stories by W. W. Norton & Co..

W. W. Norton & Company
W. W. Norton & Company is an American publishing company based in New York City. Established in 1923, it has been owned wholly by its employees since the early 1960s. The company is known for its Norton Anthologies (particularly The Norton Anthology of English Literature) and its texts in the Norton Critical Editions series, both of which are frequently assigned in university literature courses.
Dudhwa Khara
Dudhwa Khara is a village in Churu district in Rajasthan, in northwest India, situated in the Thar Desert and 24  km north from Churu. The historic rural village has large designed havelis, an interesting topography, and camel safaris..

Churu district
Churu district is a district of the northern Indian state of Rajasthan. Churu lies in the Sekhawati region of northern Rajasthan and shares boundaries with the Hanumangarh District to the north, the Haryana state to the east, the Jhunjhunu and Sikar districts to the southeast, the Nagaur District to the south, and the Bikaner District to the west.

The district has an area of approximately 16,830 km2, with a road length of 1901 km. As of 2011, the population of the district was approximately 2,039,547. The gender ratio is 938 females per 1,000 males; literacy among residents is 67.46%. There are 8 tehsils in the district: Churu,  Sidhmukh, Ratangarh, Taranagar, Rajgarh, Sardarshahar, Sujangarh, Bidasar. The major crops include bajra and guar.
Archimage
Archimage is a Houston-based visual arts studio that has used its experience in computer-based architecture to specialize in serious video game development for the medical research community.  Archimage created Escape From Diab and Nanoswarm: Invasion from Inner Space, two multimillion-dollar PC games funded by the National Institutes of Health to combat obesity and type 2 diabetes in children.

Serious game
A  serious game or applied game is a game designed for a primary purpose other than pure entertainment. The "serious" adjective is generally prepended to refer to video games used by industries like defense, education, scientific exploration, health care, emergency management, city planning, engineering, politics, and art. Serious games are a subgenre of serious storytelling, where storytelling is applied "outside the context of entertainment, where the narration progresses as a sequence of patterns impressive in quality ... and is part of a thoughtful progress". The idea shares aspects with simulation generally, including flight simulation and medical simulation, but explicitly emphasizes the added pedagogical value of fun and competition.
Vrishni
The Vrishnis (Sanskrit: वृष्णि, IAST: Vṛṣṇi) were an ancient Indian clan who were believed to be the descendants of Vrishni. It is believed that Vrishni was the son of Satvata, a descendant of Yadu, the son of Yayati. He had two wives, Gandhari and Madri, not to be confused with Gandhari and Madri from the Mahabharata. He has a son named Devamidhusha by his wife Madri. Vasudeva, the father of Krishna was the grandson of Devamidhusha. According to the Puranas, the Vrishnis were residents of Dvaraka.

Outline of ancient India
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient India:

Ancient India is the Indian subcontinent from prehistoric times to the start of Medieval India, which is typically dated (when the term is still used) to the end of the Gupta Empire around 500 CE.
1933 Normanton by-election
The 1933 Normanton by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Normanton on 8 May 1933.  The seat had become vacant on the death of the Labour Member of Parliament Frederick Hall, who had held the seat since a previous by-election in 1905.

Following Labour's declaration of former Pontefract MP Tom Smith as their candidate, the Communist Party of Great Britain declared unemployed Castleford engineer John William Malkin as their competing candidate. However, as the Communist Party was at the time opposed to the requirement of a £150 deposit, their candidate was declared to be invalid and Labour's candidate was returned unopposed. Smith represented the constituency until he resigned his seat in 1947, triggering another by-election.

Normanton (UK Parliament constituency)
53°42′00″N 1°24′54″W﻿ / ﻿53.700°N 1.415°W﻿ / 53.700; -1.415

Normanton was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was based on the principles of democratic centralism.

The governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was the Party Congress, which initially met annually but whose meetings became less frequent, particularly under Joseph Stalin (dominant from the late 1920s to 1953). Party Congresses would elect a Central Committee which, in turn, would elect a Politburo and a Secretariat. Under Stalin, the most powerful position in the party became the General Secretary, who was elected by the Politburo and Secretariat. In 1952 the Politburo became the Presidium.

In theory, supreme power in the party was invested in the Party Congress.  However, in practice the power structure became reversed and, particularly after the death of Lenin in January 1924, supreme power became the domain of the General Secretary.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 until the country's dissolution in 1991, the officeholder was the recognized leader of the Soviet Union. Prior to Joseph Stalin's accession, the position was not viewed as an important role in Vladimir Lenin's government and previous occupants had been responsible for technical rather than political decisions.

Officially, the General Secretary solely controlled the Communist Party directly. However, since the party had a monopoly on political power, the General Secretary de facto had executive control of the Soviet government. Because of the office's ability to direct both the foreign and domestic policies of the state and preeminence over the Soviet Communist Party, it was the de facto highest office of the Soviet Union.
National economy (Turkey)
National economy (Turkish: Millî İktisat) is an economic plan which sought to industrialize the Ottoman Empire through corporatism, protectionism, and statist measures. This would be done by curating an enigmatic indigenous (Turkish–Muslim) bourgeoisie. Kleptocraticy was an important detail in this endeavor, as confiscation was used against foreign assets and native Christian upper-classes (which primarily occurred as a result of the Armenian genocide and expulsion of Greeks) and their replacement by Muslim Turks in addition to large-scale confiscation and redistribution of Christian-owned property. Envisioned by Ziya Gökalp and  Alexander Parvus it was carried out by successive Ottoman and Turkish governments. Türk Yurdu announced 1915 as the starting year of the national economy. To Emil Ludwig, Talaat Pasha mentioned that the loss of the Armenian workforce would damage the economy for a short while, but that Turks would step in their positions and replace the Armenians soon.

Confiscation of Armenian properties in Turkey
The confiscation of Armenian properties by the Ottoman and Turkish governments involved seizure of the assets, properties and land of the country's Armenian community. Starting with the Hamidian massacres and peaking during the Armenian genocide, the confiscation of the Armenian property lasted continuously until 1974. Much of the confiscations during the Armenian genocide were made after the Armenians were deported into the Syrian Desert with the government declaring their goods and assets left behind as "abandoned". Virtually all properties owned by Armenians living in their ancestral homeland in Western Armenia  were confiscated and later distributed among the local Muslim population.

Historians argue that the mass confiscation of Armenian properties was an important factor in forming the economic basis of the Turkish Republic while endowing the Turkish economy with capital. The appropriation led to the formation of a new Turkish bourgeoisie and middle class.