hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lugalo
Lugalo is a village in Tanzania near Iringa which in 1891 was the site of a battle in which a German colonial military force under Emil von Zelewski was decisively defeated and almost annihilated by the Hehe army of Chief Mkwawa. This was the first major defeat for the German Schutztruppe and the beginning of the Hehe wars.

A German monument marks the site next to the modern TANZAM highway.

German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; German: Deutsch-Ostafrika DOA) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique. GEA's area was 994,996 km2 (384,170 sq mi), which is nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time.

The colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company. It ended with Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I. Ultimately the territory was divided amongst Britain, Belgium and Portugal, and was reorganised as a mandate of the League of Nations.
Brooklyn Moors
Brooklyn Chloe Moors (born February 23, 2001) is a retired Canadian artistic gymnast who competed at the 2020 Olympic Games and represented Canada at the 2017, 2018, and 2019 World Championships. At the 2017 World Championships, she became the first Canadian to win the Longines Prize for Elegance. She is the 2019 Pan American Games champion on the floor exercise and the silver medalist with the team. She is also the 2017 Pan American champion on the floor exercise. She competed for the UCLA Bruins in collegiate gymnastics from 2022 until 2025.

2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2018 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships was the 48th edition of the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships. The competition was held from October 25 – November 3, 2018, at the Aspire Academy Dome in Doha, Qatar.

It was the first time that the competition was held in the Middle East.

Simone Biles became the first American to medal on every event at a single World Championships and the first woman to do so in 31 years. The last person to complete this feat was Russian Yelena Shushunova in 1987.
Rhene punctatus
Rhene punctatus is a species of jumping spider that lives in South Africa. A beetle-like member of the genus Rhene, the spider that is typically 3.9 mm (0.15 in) long. Its forward section, its top, or carapace, and its bottom, or sternum, are dark brown. Its rear section, or abdomen, is pale brown on top, marked with a pattern of dark spots, and dark brown underneath. Its front legs are black and the remainder are orange. The male's copulatory organs are similar to the related Rhene lingularis but has a longer projection on its palpal tibia, known as a palpal apophysis, and a membranous projection next to its embolus. The male of the species was first described in 2013. The female has not been described.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Frank Wakefield
Franklin Delano Wakefield (June 26, 1934 – April 26, 2024) was an American mandolin player in the bluegrass music style. Wakefield was known for his collaborations with a number of well-known musical artists, including Red Allen, Jimmy Martin, Don Reno, Jerry Garcia, David Grisman, The Stanley Brothers, and the Greenbriar Boys.

David Grisman
David Jay Grisman (born March 23, 1945) is an American mandolinist. His music combines bluegrass, folk, and jazz in a genre he calls "dawg music". He founded the record label Acoustic Disc, which releases his recordings and those of other acoustic musicians. He was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in Owensboro, Kentucky in 2023.
1982 Federation Cup (tennis)
The 1982 Federation Cup was the 20th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis. The tournament was held at the Decathlon Club in Santa Clara, California, United States, from 19–25 July. The United States won their record seventh consecutive title, defeating West Germany in the final without losing a rubber.

Santa Clara, California
Santa Clara (/ˌsæntə ˈklærə/ SAN-tə KLAR-ə; Spanish for 'Saint Clare') is a city in Santa Clara County, California. The city's population was 127,647 at the 2020 census, making it the eighth-most populous city in the Bay Area. Located in the southern Bay Area, the city was founded by the Spanish in 1777 with the establishment of Mission Santa Clara de Asís under the leadership of Junípero Serra.

Santa Clara is located in the center of Silicon Valley and is home to the headquarters of companies such as Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and Nvidia. It is also home to Santa Clara University, the oldest private university in California; Levi's Stadium, the home of the National Football League's San Francisco 49ers; and California's Great America amusement park. Santa Clara is bordered by San Jose on almost every side, except for Sunnyvale and Cupertino to the west.
Pixelbook Go
The Pixelbook Go (codenamed Atlas during development) is a portable touchscreen laptop computer developed by Google which runs ChromeOS. It was announced on October 15, 2019 as the successor to the Pixelbook, and shipments began on October 27 for the United States and Canada. The Pixelbook Go was later made available for the United Kingdom in January 2020. Unlike preceding Google-branded Chromebook devices, the Pixelbook Go is not considerably more expensive compared to Chromebooks with similar functionality and specifications.

ChromeOS
ChromeOS (sometimes styled as chromeOS and formerly styled as Chrome OS) is a proprietary operating system designed and developed by Google. It is derived from the open-source ChromiumOS operating system (which itself is derived from Gentoo Linux), and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface.

Google announced the project in July 2009, initially describing it as an operating system where applications and user data would reside in the cloud. ChromeOS was used primarily to run web applications. The operating system first shipped with Chromebooks in 2011. It is also offered since 2020 as an installable Linux distribution as ChromeOS Flex.

ChromeOS supports progressive web applications, Android apps from Google Play and Linux applications.

In 2025, Google announced that ChromeOS will be merged into Android as part of a project called AluminiumOS, with the new project using the Android kernel rather than the older "vanilla" Linux kernel based on Gentoo.
Vincent Van Peteghem
Vincent Van Peteghem (28 October 1980) is a Belgian economist and politician of CD&V who has been serving as a Deputy Prime Minister and as the Minister of Budget in the De Wever Government since february 2025. He previously served as the Minister of Finance in the De Croo government from 1 October 2020 to 3 February 2025. He was a member of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium from 2014 until 2020.

De Croo Government
The De Croo Government was the Federal Government of Belgium, led by Prime Minister Alexander De Croo from 1 October 2020 to 3 February 2025. It functioned in a caretaker capacity from the resignation of Prime Minister Alexander De Croo on 10 June 2024 following the 2024 Belgian federal election, until the formation of the next government.
Walter Anthony (footballer)
Walter Anthony (21 November 1879 – 26 January 1950) was an English professional footballer who made 155 Football League appearances playing as an outside forward for Nottingham Forest and Blackburn Rovers, with whom he won the 1911–12 Football League title and the 1912 FA Charity Shield. He also played in the Southern League for Brighton & Hove Albion.

1912 FA Charity Shield
The 1912 Football Association Charity Shield was played on 4 May 1912. The game was played at White Hart Lane, home of Tottenham Hotspur, and was contested by the Football League champions Blackburn Rovers and the winners of the Southern League championship, Queens Park Rangers. The game ended in a 2–1 win for Blackburn Rovers, and the proceeds of the match were donated to the Titanic Relief Fund.
Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburgh Railroad
The Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburgh Railroad is a historic railroad company that operated in Pennsylvania and New York.

Chartered in 1867, its first passenger train ran in 1871.  After several mergers and name changes, it was leased to the New York Central and Hudson River RR in 1873 for a term of 501 years.  It was later wholly absorbed by the New York Central.  Passenger service ceased in 1937. Only a few structures built by the company are extant.

Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway
The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, established in 1869, and sometimes referred to as the Lake Shore, was a major part of the New York Central Railroad's Water Level Route from Buffalo, New York, to Chicago, Illinois, primarily along the south shore of Lake Erie (in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio) and across northern Indiana. The line's trackage remains a major rail transportation corridor used by Amtrak passenger trains and several freight lines; in 1998, its ownership was split at Cleveland, Ohio, between CSX Transportation to the east and Norfolk Southern Railway in the west.
Bodega Aurrerá
Bodega Aurrerá is a Mexican discount store chain and subsidiary of Walmart de México y Centroamérica (Walmex). Founded in 1970 in Mexico City, the brand was originally part of Grupo Cifra, a retail conglomerate established by the Arango brothers. Following Walmart's acquisition of majority control in 1997 and the subsequent corporate reorganization in 2001, the original "Aurrerá" hypermarkets were converted into Walmart Supercenters, while the "Bodega Aurrerá" format was retained to serve the discount market sector.

As of November 2024, the chain operates over 2,500 stores across Mexico, comprising roughly half of Walmex's total units in the country. The brand is distinguished by its mascot, "Mamá Lucha", a masked luchadora character introduced in 2006 to represent the company's price-fighting strategy.

Jerónimo Arango
Jerónimo Julio Arango Arias (1927 — 4 April 2020) was a Mexican billionaire businessman, co-founder of the Aurrerá supermarket chain, with his younger brothers, Manuel and Plácido, known for a long time as three of Mexico's wealthiest men. His net worth was estimated at US$4.6 billion in 2006 by Forbes.
Robert Lewis Fitzgerald
Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Lewis Fitzgerald KCH (1776 – 17 January 1844) was a British naval officer of the 18th and 19th centuries. He served throughout the French Revolutionary Wars, most notably commanding the bomb vessel HMS Vesuvius, but illness made him unable to go to sea during the Napoleonic Wars, with Fitzgerald instead commanding the Isle of Wight sea fencibles. Made a superannuated rear-admiral in 1825, he was restored as a vice-admiral in 1840.

Royal Guelphic Order
The Royal Guelphic Order (German: Königlicher Guelphen-Orden), sometimes referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, is a Hanoverian order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent (later King George IV). It takes its name from the House of Guelph, of which the House of Hanover was a branch. Since Hanover and the United Kingdom shared a monarch until 1837, the order was frequently bestowed upon British subjects.
Eliza McNamara
Elizabeth Mary McNamara (born 19 April 2002) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the AFL Women's (AFLW). She was nominated for the 2021 AFL Women's Rising Star award in round 7 of the 2021 season.

2021 AFL Women's Rising Star
The 2021 NAB AFL Women's Rising Star award was presented to the player adjudged the best young player during the 2021 AFL Women's season. Tyla Hanks of the Melbourne Football Club won the award with 48 votes.
2007 Thailand Premier League
The 2007 Thai Premier League had 16 teams, combining the 12 member clubs from the 2006 season, the top two clubs from Division 1, and two clubs from the Pro League 1. The official name of the league at this time was Thailand Premier League.

Matches were normally played on Saturdays with a 4pm kick off time but there were some 5pm or 6pm started and some midweek fixtures. Evening kick offs were rare. The season would have a three-month break from mid-May to mid-August because of the Asian Cup which was being co-hosted by Thailand from July 7–29 and the world university games, the Universiade, in Bangkok from August 8–18.

Normally only the Premier League champions are allowed to take part in the AFC Champions League. However, for the 2007 season, the runners-up would also be admitted due to the late completion of Indonesian domestic league and cup competitions.

Thai League 2
Thai League 2 (Thai: ไทยลีก 2), commonly known as the T2, formally called Thai Division 1 League, is the second-tier professional league in the Thai football league system. Seasons typically run from August to May, with each team playing 34 games : two against each other team, one home and one away. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Seal 5 League II. Champion, runner up and teams ranked 3rd – 6th qualified in play off for last spot in top tier promoted to Thai League 1 at the end of the season, whilst three are relegated to Thai League 3.
Rigi, Miyan Jolgeh
Rigi (Persian: ريگي) is a village in, and the capital of, Belharat Rural District of Belharat District, Miyan Jolgeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Golbui-ye Pain.

Belharat District
Belharat District (Persian: بخش بلهرات) is in Miyan Jolgeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Golbui-ye Pain, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,143 in 321 households.
Sarnia Subdivision
The Sarnia Subdivision is a railroad line owned by the Lake Erie and Detroit River Railway and operated by CSX Transportation in the Canadian province of Ontario. The line runs from Chatham north to Sarnia along a former Pere Marquette Railway line. From its north end, CSX has trackage rights west over the Canadian National Railway's Strathroy Subdivision (through the St. Clair Tunnel) and the Grand Trunk Western Railroad's Flint Subdivision to the CSX Port Huron Subdivision near Port Huron, Michigan, and the Saginaw Subdivision in Flint.

Pere Marquette Railway
The Pere Marquette Railway (reporting mark PM) was a railroad that operated in the Great Lakes region of the United States and southern parts of Ontario in Canada.  It had trackage in the states of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and the Canadian province of Ontario. Its primary connections included Buffalo; Toledo; and Chicago. 
The company was named after Jacques Marquette, a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Ste Marie.
National Monument at Vítkov
The National Monument at Vítkov (Czech: Národní památník na Vítkově) on top of Vítkov Hill in Prague's Žižkov district is one of the most important buildings commemorating the Czech statehood.

It includes the third-largest bronze rider statue in the world, of Jan Žižka, who defeated the Catholic forces led by King Sigismund in 1420 at the Battle of Vítkov Hill. The Monument also includes the Ceremonial Hall, an exhibition entitled Crossroads of Czech and Czechoslovak Statehood, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and other exhibition halls.

The Monument was built from 1928 to 1938 in honor of the World War I Czechoslovak legionaries. After 1948, it was used to promote the communist regime. Between 1954 and 1962, it housed the mausoleum of Klement Gottwald. In 2000, the monument was acquired by the National Museum, which conducted a major restoration work. After over two years of reconstruction, the Memorial was opened to the public on 29 October 2009.

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
A Tomb of the Unknown Soldier or Tomb of the Unknown Warrior is a monument dedicated to the services of an unknown soldier and the common memories of all soldiers killed in war. Such tombs are located in many nations and are usually high-profile national monuments. Throughout history, many soldiers have died in war with their remains being unidentified. Following World War I, a movement arose to commemorate these soldiers with a single tomb, containing the body of one such unidentified soldier.
Westwood High School (Palestine, Texas)
Westwood High School is a public high school located in Palestine, Texas, United States, and classified as a 3A school by the University Interscholastic League (UIL). It is part of the Westwood Independent School District located in west central Anderson County.  The school is located on US Hwy 79 just west of the city of Palestine.  During 2023–2024, Westwood High School had an enrollment of 404 students and a student to teacher ratio of 10.97. The school received an overall rating of "C" from the Texas Education Agency for the 2024–2025 school year.

Palestine, Texas
Palestine (/ˈpælɪstiːn/ PAL-ist-een) is a city in and the seat of Anderson County in the U.S. state of Texas. It was named after Palestine, Illinois, by preacher Daniel Parker, who had migrated from that town.

The city had a 2020 U.S. census population of 18,544, making it the sixth-largest incorporated municipality in Northeast Texas by population. Palestine is a relatively small city located in the Piney Woods, equidistant from the major cities of Dallas, Houston, and Shreveport, Louisiana.

It is notable for its natural environment, and has a notable dogwood blooming season. It has 23 historical sites on the National Register of Historic Places, and was the western terminus of the historic Texas State Railroad. Today, this steam-and-diesel railroad museum operates tourist trains between Palestine and Rusk.
Trabuco Canyon, California
Trabuco Canyon (Trabuco, Spanish for "Blunderbuss") is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains in eastern Orange County, California, and lies partly within the Cleveland National Forest.

Trabuco Canyon is north of the city of Rancho Santa Margarita. Plano Trabuco Road leads from the top of the canyon south to Rancho Santa Margarita.

Cleveland National Forest
Cleveland National Forest is a U.S. national forest in Southern California that encompasses 460,000 acres/720 mi2 (1,900 km2) of inland montane regions. It is approximately 60 miles (97 km) from the Pacific Ocean, within the counties of San Diego, Riverside, and Orange. The landscape varies somewhat, with mostly chaparral canyons, arroyos and high desert, but dotted with meadows and oak and conifer forests. Near water sources, riparian environments and perennial aquatic plants attract native and migratory wildlife, such as at San Diego's man-made Lake Cuyamaca. A generally warm and dry, inland-Mediterranean climate prevails over the Forest, with the cooler months producing morning frost and snowfall (in the higher elevations). It is the southernmost U.S. National Forest of California. The area is administered by the U.S. Forest Service, a government agency within the United States Department of Agriculture, and is locally overseen by the Descanso, Palomar and Trabuco Ranger Districts.
Gränna
Gränna (pronunciationⓘ) is a locality in Jönköping Municipality, Jönköping County, Sweden with 2,649 inhabitants in 2023.Founded in 1652 by Count Per Brahe, it is in Småland on the eastern shores of the lake Vättern, about 40 km north of Jönköping.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Karim Ghani
Karim Ghani (Tamil: கரீம் கனி) was a politician in South-East Asia of Indian origin. Before the Second World War Karim Ghani was a parliamentary secretary in Burma under Dr. Ba Maw, who was the first Burma Premier (1937–1939) and head of State of Burma from 1942 to 1945. During World War II, Ghani came to be the Minister for the state of Subhas Bose's Azad Hind government and was in Malaya. He was also the manager of "The Muslim Publishing House", the editor of the Malayan Tamil daily Malaya Nanban, as well as the editor of the Malay edition  Dawn, under the name Sinaran. Ghani was also involved with the Muslim League and was the president of the All Malaya Muslim Missionary Society (AMMMS) and an official in several other organizations. After the end of World War II, Ghani was involved in Southeast Asian Muslim politics, most notably being involved in the Maria Hertogh riots in Singapore in 1950.

Ba Maw
Ba Maw (Burmese: ဘမော်, pronounced [ba̰ mɔ̀]; 8 February 1893 – 29 May 1977), known honorifically as Dr. Ba Maw, was a Burmese lawyer and politician, active during the interwar period and Second World War. He was the first Burma Premier (1937–1939) and head of State of Burma from 1943 to 1945.
Charles-François Fontannes
Charles-François Fontannes, name sometimes given as Francisque Fontannes (1839, Lyon – December 1886) was a French paleontologist and stratigrapher.

He was initially a student of commerce, taking business classes in Germany and England. After accompanying Louis Lortet on a scientific excursion to Greece, he took courses in geology at the University of Lyon and became associated with the natural history museum of Lyon. Since 1888 the "Prix Fontannes" is awarded periodically by the Société géologique de France for the best French work in the field of stratigraphy.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.