hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hofesh
Hofesh (Hebrew: חופש, lit. "freedom"), officially Hofesh - Freedom from Religion (Hebrew: חופש – עמותה לחופש מדת) is an Israeli organization advocating separation of religion and state and stopping the religious coercion in Israel, objecting to and going against activities whose goal is to persuade secular or moderately religious Jews to adopt a more religiously observant lifestyle. The organization is an affiliate of Atheist Alliance International.

Frum
Frum (Yiddish: פֿרום, lit. 'religious', 'pious') is a word that describes Jewish religious devotion.

The term connotes the observance of Jewish religious law in a way that often exceeds its bare requirements. This not only includes the careful study of Torah, daily prayers, observing Shabbat, kashrut, and the rules of tzniut, and performing deeds of loving-kindness, but also many more customs and khumrot (prohibitions or obligations in Jewish life that exceed the requirements of Halakha).

The term frum contrasts with frei (Yiddish: פֿרײַ, romanized: fray, lit. 'free'), which describes Jews who do not practice Orthodox observance.
Shi Dongshan
Shi Dongshan (December 29, 1902 – February 23, 1955), born Shi Kuangshao, was one of the most prominent film directors and screenwriters in pre-Communist China, together with Chen Liting, Cai Chusheng, and Zheng Junli. His most notable film was Eight Thousand Li of Cloud and Moon, released in 1947. He served in the Communist government after 1949, but was later persecuted and committed suicide in 1955.

Cai Chusheng
Cai Chusheng (January 12, 1906 – July 15, 1968) was a Chinese film director of the pre-Communist era, and was the first Chinese director to win an international film award at the Moscow International Film Festival, with his film Song of the Fishermen (1934). Best known for his progressive output in the 1930s, Cai Chusheng was later severely persecuted and died during the Cultural Revolution. His ashes are kept at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.
The Winter Queen (novel)
The Winter Queen (Russian: Азазель) is the first novel from the Erast Fandorin series of historical detective novels, written by Russian author Boris Akunin. It was subtitled конспирологический детектив ("conspiracy mystery").

Erast Fandorin
Erast Petrovich Fandorin (Russian: Эраст Петрович Фандорин) is a fictional 19th-century Russian detective and the hero of a series of Russian historical detective novels by Boris Akunin.

The first Fandorin novel (The Winter Queen, Russian: Азазель) was published in Russia in 1998, and the latest and the last one in 2023 (The Pit, Russian: Яма). More than 15 million copies of Fandorin novels have been sold as of May 2006, even though the novels were freely available from many Russian websites and the hard copies were relatively expensive by Russian standards. New books in the Fandorin series typically sell over 200,000 copies in the first week alone, with an unparalleled (for mystery novels) first edition of 50,000 copies for the first books to 500,000 copies for the last.

The English translations of the novels have been critically acclaimed by, among others, Ruth Rendell.
E. Raymond Capt
E. Raymond Capt (August 14, 1914 – March 11, 2008) was an archaeologist and pyramidologist.  Capt was an  Anglo-Israel advocate and a promoter of Christian Identity in the 1960s and 1970s.  His father was San Jacinto Capt.

British Israelism
British Israelism (also called Anglo-Israelism) is a pseudohistorical belief that the people of Great Britain are "genetically, racially, and linguistically the direct descendants" of the Ten Lost Tribes of ancient Israel. With roots in the 16th century, British Israelism was inspired by several 19th century English writings such as John Wilson's 1840 Our Israelitish Origin. From the 1870s onward, numerous independent British Israelite organizations were set up throughout the British Empire as well as in the United States; as of the early 21st century, a number of these organizations are still active. In the United States, the idea gave rise to the Christian Identity movement.

The central tenets of British Israelism have been regarded as pseudoscientific and refutable by archaeological, ethnological, genetic, and linguistic research by mainstream sources.
Labrador Sea Water
Labrador Sea Water is an intermediate water mass in the Labrador Sea. It is characterized by cold water, relatively low salinity compared to other intermediate water masses, and high concentrations of both oxygen and anthropogenic tracers. It is formed by convective processes  located between Greenland and the northeast coast of the Labrador Peninsula. Deep convection in the Labrador Sea allows colder water to sink forming this water mass, which is a contributor to the upper layer of North Atlantic Deep Water. North Atlantic Deep Water flowing southward is integral to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The Labrador Sea experiences a net heat loss to the atmosphere annually.

Labrador Sea
The Labrador Sea (French: mer du Labrador; Danish: Labradorhavet) is an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean between the Labrador Peninsula and Greenland. The sea is flanked by continental shelves to the southwest, northwest, and northeast. It connects to the north with Baffin Bay through the Davis Strait. It is a marginal sea of the Atlantic.

The sea formed upon separation of the North American Plate and Greenland Plate that started about 60 million years ago and stopped about 40 million years ago. It contains one of the world's largest turbidity current channel systems, the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel (NAMOC), that runs for thousands of kilometres along the sea bottom toward the Atlantic Ocean.

The Labrador Sea is a major source of the North Atlantic Deep Water, a cold water mass that flows at great depth along the western edge of the North Atlantic.
Colors (1988 film)
Colors is a 1988 American police procedural action crime drama film starring Sean Penn and Robert Duvall, and directed by Dennis Hopper. The film takes place in the gang-ridden neighborhoods of Los Angeles: late-1980s South Central Los Angeles, Echo Park, Westlake and East Los Angeles. The film centers on Bob Hodges (Duvall), an experienced Los Angeles Police Department C.R.A.S.H. officer, and his rookie partner, Danny McGavin (Penn), who try to stop the gang violence between the Bloods, the Crips, and Hispanic street gangs. Colors relaunched Hopper as a director 19 years after Easy Rider, and inspired discussion over its depiction of gang life and gang violence.

Bloods
The Bloods are a primarily African American street gang which was founded in Los Angeles, California. The gang is widely known for its rivalry with the Crips. It is identified by the red color worn by its members and by particular gang symbols, including distinctive hand signs.

The Bloods comprise various subgroups known as "sets", among which significant differences exist, such as colors, clothing, operations, and political ideas that may be in open conflict with each other. Since the gang's creation, it has branched throughout the United States.
Hugh Fortescue, 2nd Earl Fortescue
Hugh Fortescue, 2nd Earl Fortescue (13 February 1783 – 14 September 1861), styled Viscount Ebrington from 1789 to 1841, was a British Whig politician. He was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1839 to 1841.

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (UK: /lɛfˈtɛnənt/), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1800) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922). The office, under its various names, was often more generally known as the viceroy, and his wife was known as the vicereine. The government of Ireland in practice was usually in the hands of the Lord Deputy up to the 17th century, and later of the Chief Secretary for Ireland.
Samuel van Straalen
Samuel van Straalen (24 June 1845 – 8 December 1902) was a Dutch-born English Hebraist and librarian.

He emigrated to England in 1866, initially working as a teacher of French, German, and mathematics at Wilton College and St Andrew's College in Islington. He was appointed Hebrew librarian at the British Museum in 1873, following the deaths of Immanuel Deutsch and Joseph Zedner. In this role, he kept up serial publications and acquired important contemporary publications, including modern Hebrew and Yiddish belles-lettres.

Van Straalen translated many Dutch, German, and Hebrew books, including Louisa Stratenus's Gewroken (1892), and Alfred Hermann Fried's The Diary of a Condemned Man (1899). He is best known for his catalogue of the Hebrew books in the British Museum (London, 1894) supplementary to that by Joseph Zedner, with an index to both volumes. He also prepared a subject catalogue of the Hebrew collection, containing some 11,100 titles, which was left unpublished until 1991.

Alfred Hermann Fried
Alfred Hermann Fried (German pronunciation: [ˈʔalfʁeːt ˈhɛʁman ˈfʁiːt]; 11 November 1864 – 4 May 1921) was an Austrian Jewish pacifist, publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, and winner (with Tobias Asser) of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1911. Fried was also a supporter of Esperanto. He is the author of an Esperanto textbook and an Esperanto-German and German-Esperanto dictionary, first published in 1903 and republished in 1905.
British Rail Class 24
The British Rail Class 24 diesel locomotives, originally known as the Sulzer Type 2, were built from 1958 to 1961. 151 were built at Derby, Crewe and Darlington, the first twenty of them as part of the British Railways 1955 Modernisation Plan. This class was used as the basis for the development of the Class 25 locomotives.

The final survivor, no. 24081, was withdrawn from Crewe depot in 1980.

Darlington Works
Darlington Works  was established in 1863 by the Stockton and Darlington Railway in the town of Darlington in the north east of England.
The main part of the works, the North Road Shops was located on the northeast side of the Stockton and Darlington Railway (now part of the Tees Valley Line)
Mhlabunzima Hlengwa
Inkosi Mhlabunzima Wellington Hlengwa (13 March 1945 – 16 March 2005) was a South African politician and Zulu traditional leader who served as Deputy Speaker of the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature until his death in March 2005. Before assuming that office in 2004, Hlengwa represented his political party, the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), in the National Assembly from 1994 to 2004. He was also the chief of KwaThoyana Tribal Authority near Umbumbulu in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal, a position to which he was appointed in 1988.

EThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
The eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseThekwini) is a metropolitan municipality, created in 2000, that includes the city of Durban and surrounding towns. eThekwini is one of the 11 districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. As of 2011, the majority of its 3,442,361 inhabitants spoke isiZulu.
Ivan Zolotarenko
Ivan Nikiforovich Zolotarenko (Ukrainian: Іван Никифорович Золотаренко; Russian: Иван Никифорович Золотаренко; Belarusian: Іван Нічыпаравіч Залатарэнка; Polish: Iwan Mykyforowycz Zołotarenko; Lithuanian: Ivanas Nikiforovičius Zolotarenko; died 1655) was a Zaporozhian Cossack acting hetman of Belarus and polkovnyk (colonel) of the Nizhyn Regiment. A close associate and brother-in-law of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, he fought against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and supported alliance with Tsardom of Russia during the Pereiaslav Rada in 1654.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
Al Malaz Sub-Municipality
Al-Malaz Sub-Municipality (also Al-Malaz; Arabic: بلدية الملز) is one of the 16 baladiyahs of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Besides the eponymous neighborhood after which it is named, it consists of 15 other localities and sub-districts, including az-Zahra, al-Faruq, ad-Dhubat, Jarir and ar-Rabwah. and is responsible for their planning, development and maintenance.

Baladiyah
Baladiyah (Arabic: بلدية) is a type of Arabic administrative division that can be translated as "district", "sub-district" or "municipality". The plural is baladiyat (Arabic: بلديات). Grammatically, it is the feminine of بلدي  "rural, country-, folk-".

The Arabic term amanah (أمانة) is also used for "municipality".
Jonas Björkman
Jonas Lars Björkman (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjûːnas ˈbjœ̌rkman]; born 23 March 1972) is a Swedish former professional tennis player. He is a former world No. 1 in doubles, and also a former world No. 4 in singles. Björkman retired from professional tennis after competing at the 2008 Tennis Masters Cup doubles championships. As of 2019, he was ranked in the top 40 on the all-time ATP prize money list with over $14.5 million. As of July 2024 he is still in the top 50 of the all-time ATP prize money list.

Björkman has had long-term successful doubles partnerships with Jan Apell, Jacco Eltingh, Nicklas Kulti, Max Mirnyi, Pat Rafter, Kevin Ullyett, and Todd Woodbridge. He has won the career Grand Slam in men's doubles, holding a total of nine major championships.

In March 2015, he joined Andy Murray's coaching team. He has also coached the Swedish men's padel team.

2008 Tennis Masters Cup – Doubles
Defending champion Daniel Nestor and his partner Nenad Zimonjić defeated Bob and Mike Bryan in the final, 7–6(7–3), 6–2 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2008 Tennis Masters Cup.

Mark Knowles and Nestor were the reigning champions, but did not compete together. Knowles partnered Mahesh Bhupathi, but they were eliminated in the round-robin stage.
Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.

Khurul
A khurul (Kalmyk: хурул, romanized: khurul; Mongolian: хурэ / хүрээ, romanized: khure / khüree or hure or küriye) is a Buddhist monastery (temple, abode) in Kalmyk (Mongol-Oirat) Lamaism. Some of the most famous Kalmyk khuruls are the Burkhan Bakshin Altan Sume (contemporary) in Elista, Republic of Kalmykia, Russia, and the Khosheutovsky khurul (which was originally in the Kalmyk AO / Kalmyk ASSR, but is now located in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia).
AD SESSA
Asociacion Deportiva SESSA is a Salvadoran football club based in Guadalupe, San Vicente Department,  El Salvador.

The club currently plays in the Tercera Division de Fútbol Salvadoreño after purchasing a spot.

Tercera División de El Salvador
The  Tercera División de El Salvador, commonly known as Tercera División, and officially known as Electrolit Tercera División for sponsorship reasons, is the men's third professional association football division of the Salvadoran football league system. Administered by Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional, it is contested by 40 teams, with the top two teams plus the winner of a play-off promoted to Segunda division and replaced by the three lowest-placed teams in that division.
Ultima Thule Ambient Music
Ultima Thule Ambient Music is a long-running, specialist ambient music radio show which has been broadcast on Australian community radio since 1989. The show has been described as one of the leading alternative music programmes on Australian radio. It is also available as a webcast and as a podcast. As of December 2007, Ultima Thule was the number one ambient music podcast on the iTunes Store.

Music podcast
A music podcast is a genre of podcasts covering topics related to music and musicians, which often includes reviews, interpretations, new releases, musician interviews, music history, music creation, and music theory.
2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)
The 2016 South American Futsal World Cup qualifiers was a men's futsal tournament that was used as the South American qualifying tournament to determine three of the four CONMEBOL teams in the 2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup final tournament in Colombia. The tournament was held in Asunción, Paraguay between 5–13 February 2016.

Champions Brazil, runners-up Argentina and third-placed Paraguay qualified for the 2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup as the CONMEBOL representatives, besides Colombia who qualified automatically as hosts.

2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup
The 2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup was the eighth FIFA Futsal World Cup, the quadrennial international futsal championship contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament was held in Colombia from 10 September to 1 October 2016.

Brazil and Spain, the two teams that won all seven previous tournaments, were eliminated in the round of 16 and quarter-finals respectively. Their elimination makes this tournament was the first in which the champions was neither of them.

Argentina defeated Russia 5–4 in the final to win the tournament; becoming only the third country to win a FIFA Futsal World Cup title.
Pakistanis
Pakistanis (Urdu: پاكِستانى قوم, romanized: Pākistānī Qaum, lit. 'Pakistani Nation') are the citizens and nationals of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.  Pakistan is the fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the second-largest Muslim population as of 2023. A majority of around 97% of Pakistanis are Muslims. As much as 85-90% of the population follows Sunni Islam.  The majority of Pakistanis natively speak languages belonging to the Indo-Iranic family (Indo-Aryan and Iranic subfamilies).

Located in South Asia, the country is also the source of a significantly large diaspora, most of whom reside in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf, with an estimated population of 4.7 million. The second-largest Pakistani diaspora resides throughout both Northwestern Europe and Western Europe, where there are an estimated 2.4 million; over half of this figure resides in the United Kingdom (see British Pakistanis).

Arab states of the Persian Gulf
The Arab states of the Persian Gulf (Arabic: دول الخليج الفارسي, romanized: duwal al-Khalīj al-ʿfarsi), are a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

The term has been used in different contexts to refer to a number of Arab states in the Persian Gulf region. The prominent political union of the region is the Gulf Cooperation Council, which includes all Persian Gulf states except Iraq. Most Persian Gulf states are former protectorates of the British Empire.
Bruno Pereirinha
Bruno Alexandre Marques Pereirinha (born 2 March 1988) is a Portuguese former footballer. He played mainly as a right midfielder, also being able to operate as an attacking right-back.

He spent most of his professional career with Sporting CP, appearing in 145 official matches over five seasons (six goals scored) and winning three major titles, including two Taça de Portugal. Abroad, he had spells at Lazio in Italy and Athletico Paranaense of Brazil.

All youth levels comprised, Pereirinha won 53 caps for Portugal, including 23 for the under-21s.

Club Athletico Paranaense
Club Athletico Paranaense (abbreviated CAP, commonly known as Athletico Paranaense and up to 2019 known as Atlético Paranaense) is a Brazilian football team from the city of Curitiba, capital city of the Brazilian state of Paraná, founded on 26 March 1924.

The team's most important titles have been winning the 2001 Série A, the Copa Sudamericana in 2018 and 2021, making it the only team from Paraná to win international titles. It won the Copa do Brasil in 2019. In the Copa Libertadores, they have finished runner-up twice, in 2005 and 2022.

They are considered the strongest team in Brazil outside of the Big 12, at times even surpassing them.
Dave Jones (American football)
David Ray Jones (born August 10, 1947) is an American former professional football wide receiver who played three seasons with the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Browns in the eleventh round of the 1969 NFL/AFL draft after playing college football at Kansas State University.

1969 NFL/AFL draft
The 1969 NFL/AFL draft was part of the common draft, the third and final year in which the NFL and AFL held a joint draft of college players.  The draft took place January 28–29, 1969.

The draft began with first overall pick of O. J. Simpson, the Heisman Trophy-winning running back from USC, by the American Football League's Buffalo Bills.  It ended with the twenty-sixth pick in round 17, number 442 overall, of Fred Zirkie, defensive tackle from Duke University, by the AFL's NY Jets.
Bob Gregor
Robert Lee Gregor (born February 10, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Washington State Cougars. He was selected by the Chargers in the fourth round of the 1980 NFL draft. After missing the 1980 season while on the injured reserve list, the hard-hitting Gregor started for San Diego the following three seasons, but he was sidelined by injuries each year.

Washington State Cougars football
The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12) Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894.

The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 35,117. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November but that is no longer the case with the Washington Huskies joining the Big Ten.