hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Frame (cricketer)
John Frame (1733 – 11 October 1796) was an English cricketer of the mid-Georgian period who played for Dartford, Kent and Surrey. He also represented various England teams. He was born in Warlingham, Surrey, and died in Dartford, Kent. His known career spanned the 1749 to 1774 English cricket seasons from the ages of 16 to 41.

Frame was an outstanding fast bowler who was favourably compared with Lumpy Stevens. Like all bowlers of his time, he used an underarm action. In the first half of his career until about 1760, bowlers delivered the ball all along the ground. Cricket then underwent an evolutionary change as pitching was introduced, still with an underarm action; the modern straight bat was invented in response.

Rest of England cricket teams
In English cricket since the first half of the 18th century, various ad hoc teams have been formed for short-term purposes which have been called England (i.e., in the sense of "the rest of England") to play against, say, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) or an individual county team. The key factor is that they were non-international and there is a significant difference between them and the official England cricket team which takes part in international fixtures. Conceptually, there is evidence of this sort of team being formed, or at least mooted, since the 1730s. They have always been "occasional elevens" but, nevertheless, have invariably been strong sides. A typical example would be a selection consisting of leading players drawn from several county teams.
Platonic epistemology
In philosophy, Plato's epistemology is a theory of knowledge developed by the Greek philosopher Plato and his followers.

Platonic epistemology holds that knowledge of Platonic Ideas is innate, so that learning is the development of ideas buried deep in the soul, often under the midwife-like guidance of an interrogator.  In several dialogues by Plato, the character Socrates presents the view that each soul existed before birth with the Form of the Good and a perfect knowledge of Ideas.  Thus, when an Idea is "learned" it is actually just "recalled".

Plato drew a sharp distinction between knowledge, which is certain, and mere true opinion, which is not certain.  Opinions derive from the shifting world of sensation; knowledge derives from the world of timeless Forms, or essences.  In The Republic, these concepts were illustrated using the metaphor of the Sun, the analogy of the divided line, and the allegory of the cave.

Republic (Plato)
The Republic (Ancient Greek: Πολιτεία, romanized: Politeia; Latin: De Republica) is a Socratic dialogue authored by Plato around 375 BC, concerning justice (dikaiosúnē), the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man. It is Plato's best-known work, and one of the world's most influential works of philosophy and political theory, both intellectually and historically.

In the dialogue, Socrates discusses with various Athenians and foreigners the meaning of justice and whether the just man is happier than the unjust man. He considers the natures of existing regimes and then proposes a series of hypothetical cities in comparison, culminating in Kallipolis (Καλλίπολις), a utopian city-state ruled by a class of philosopher-kings. They also discuss ageing, love, theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the role of the philosopher and of poetry in society. The dialogue's setting seems to be the time of the Peloponnesian War.
Soviet destroyer Tbilisi
Tbilisi (Russian: Тбилиси) was one of six Leningrad-class destroyer leaders built for the Soviet Navy during the 1930s, one of the three Project 38 variants. Completed in 1940, the ship was assigned to the Pacific Fleet, with which she spent World War II. Tbilisi laid minefields outside Vladivostok early in the war and during the Soviet–Japanese War transported naval infantry in preparation for an amphibious landing in Korea. Postwar, she continued to serve with the Pacific Fleet and began a lengthy overhaul in 1951 that lasted until 1955. Converted into a target ship in 1958, she was finally struck from the Navy List in 1964 and scrapped.

Soviet–Japanese War
The Soviet–Japanese War was a campaign of the Second World War that began with the Soviet invasion of Manchuria following the Soviet declaration of war against Japan on 8 August 1945. The Soviet Union and Mongolian People's Republic toppled the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo in Manchuria and Mengjiang in Inner Mongolia, as well as northern Korea, Karafuto on the island of Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands. The defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army helped bring about the Japanese surrender and the end of World War II. The Soviet entry into the war showed that the Soviet Union would not act as a third party in negotiating a conditional end to hostilities, and thus was a factor in the Japanese government's decision to surrender unconditionally.
Researcher Ridge
Researcher Ridge is an underwater ridge in the Northern Atlantic Ocean. It appears to be a chain of seamounts named Gollum Seamount, Vayda Seamount, Bilbo Seamount, Gandalf Seamount, The Shire Seamount, Pippin Seamount, Merry Seamount, Molodezhnaya Seamount, Frodo Seamount, Sam Seamount and Mount Doom Seamount that were likely formed by a hotspot.

Hotspot (geology)
In geology, hotspots (or hot spots) are volcanic locales thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. Examples include the Hawaii, Iceland, and Yellowstone hotspots. A hotspot's position on the Earth's surface is independent of tectonic plate boundaries, and so hotspots may create a chain of volcanoes as the plates move above them.

There are two hypotheses that attempt to explain their origins. One suggests that hotspots are due to mantle plumes that rise as thermal diapirs from the core–mantle boundary. The alternative plate theory is that the mantle source beneath a hotspot is not anomalously hot, rather the crust above is unusually weak or thin, so that lithospheric extension permits the passive rising of melt from shallow depths.
Lok Bhavan, Pachmarhi
Lok Bhavan formerly  Raj Bhavan (translation: Government House) of Pachmarhi is the Summer residence of the Governor of Madhya Pradesh Mangubhai Patel,  It is located in the city of Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh.

Pachmarhi
Pachmarhi is a hill station in  Madhya Pradesh state of central India. It has been the location of a cantonment (Pachmarhi Cantonment) since the British Raj. The municipality is located in a valley of the Satpura Range and is widely known as Satpura ki Rani. ("Queen of Satpura")

Pachmarhi has an altitude of 1,067 meters above sea level. Dhupgarh, the highest point (1,352 meters) in Madhya Pradesh and the Satpura range, is located nearby. The town is wholly located within the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve and the Satpura Tiger Reserve.
151st Sikh Infantry
The 151st Sikh Infantry – also designated 151st Punjabi Rifles, see nomenclature (below) – was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army.  It was formed in Mesopotamia and Palestine in May 1918, saw active service in the First World War and the Third Anglo-Afghan War, and was disbanded in May 1921.

Indian Army during World War I
The Indian Army, also called the British Indian Army, was involved in World War I as part of the British Empire. More than one million Indian troops served overseas, of whom more than 60,000 died during the war.

In World War I the Indian Army fought against the German Empire on the Western Front. At the First Battle of Ypres, Khudadad Khan became the first Indian to be awarded a Victoria Cross. Indian divisions were also sent to Egypt, Gallipoli, German East Africa and nearly 700,000 served in Mesopotamia against the Ottoman Empire. While some divisions were sent overseas others had to remain in India guarding the North West Frontier and on internal security and training duties.

Field-Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army from 1942 asserted that the British "couldn't have come through both World War I and II if they hadn't had the Indian Army."
The Big Operator (1959 film)
The Big Operator (a.k.a. Anatomy of the Syndicate) is a black and white 1959 American crime/drama film starring Mickey Rooney as a corrupt union boss, with Steve Cochran, Mel Torme and Mamie Van Doren as co-stars. The film is a remake of Joe Smith, American (1942) with labor union thugs replacing Axis spies.

Mel Tormé
Melvin Howard Tormé (September 13, 1925 – June 5, 1999), nicknamed "the Velvet Fog", was an American musician, singer, composer, arranger, drummer, actor, and author. He composed the music for "The Christmas Song" ("Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire") and co-wrote the lyrics with Bob Wells. Tormé won two Grammy Awards and was nominated a total of 14 times.
Henry W. Grady House
The Taylor-Grady House, also known as the Henry W. Grady House, is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark at 634 Prince Avenue in Athens, Georgia, United States.  Built in the 1840s, this Greek Revival house is notable as the only known surviving home of Henry W. Grady (1850–89), managing editor of the Atlanta Constitution and a leading force in the reintegration of the American South in the Reconstruction Era that followed the American Civil War.  The house is operated by the Junior League of Athens, which offers tours and rentals for private events.

Henry W. Grady
Henry Woodfin Grady (May 24, 1850 – December 23, 1889) was an American journalist and orator who helped reintegrate the states of the Confederacy into the Union after the American Civil War. Grady encouraged the industrialization of the postbellum South, which Grady referred to as "The New South." He was praised by contemporaries and by authors Shavin and Galphin as a civic promoter, political strategist, and captivating speaker, and by Atlanta journalist Frederick Allen as a visionary. However, in modern times, Grady's arguments for the need for white supremacy in the post–Civil War South have resulted in his legacy being seen as mixed and overtly racist. Grady's name has been removed from several schools including Atlanta's former Grady High School. Grady was the father-in-law of Federal Reserve Chairman Eugene Robert Black and grandfather of banker and World Bank President Eugene R. Black Sr.
HMS Serapis (G94)
HMS Serapis was an S-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy. The ship was built by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company from 1941 to 1943, and was launched on 25 March 1943 and completed on 25 December 1943.

Serapis operated with the Home Fleet during the Second World War, escorting Arctic Convoys and taking part in the Invasion of Normandy in 1944. After the end of the war, the ship was sold to The Netherlands, being renamed HNLMS Piet Hein. Piet Hein served in Indonesian War of Independence and the Korean War. She was sold for scrap in 1962.

HMS Scourge (G01)
HMS Scourge was an S-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. The ship was sold to the Netherlands postwar, where she saw action in the Korean War and the West New Guinea dispute.
Nawabganj Assembly constituency
Nawabganj  Assembly constituency is  one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly,  India. It is a part of the Bareilly district and  one of the five assembly constituencies in the Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1952 after the "DPACO (1951)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1951. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 121.

Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency
Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency (Hindi pronunciation: [bəɾeːliː]) is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It covers a part of Bareilly district.
Alta Newspaper Group
Alta Newspaper Group Limited Partnership is a Vancouver-based publisher of newspapers in Western Canada and Quebec. It owns three small daily newspapers and more than a dozen weeklies.

Alta, also known as Alberta Newspaper Group and Southern Alberta Newspapers, is one of two Canadian newspaper companies run and partially owned by David Radler, a former business partner of Conrad Black in Hollinger Inc. Both Alta and Continental Newspapers are descendants of Horizon Operations (Canada) Ltd., a company Radler founded at the end of the 1990s.

Hollinger Inc.
Hollinger Inc. was a Canadian media company based in Toronto which was established in 1985 by businessman Conrad Black. At one time, the company was the third-largest media empire in the world. In 1996, through stock purchases, it took over control of Southam Inc., at the time, Canada's largest newspaper chain and a newswire service. It sold its Canadian newspaper holdings to  Canwest Global Communications Inc., in August 2000, which included the company's flagship national newspaper, the recently formed National Post. Hollinger, through its subsidiary Hollinger International, continued to own newspapers in the United States, including the Chicago Sun-Times. The company went bankrupt in 2007 and was delisted from the Toronto Stock Exchange in August 2008.
Apalutamide
Apalutamide, sold under the brand name Erleada among others, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) medication used for the treatment of prostate cancer. It is an androgen receptor inhibitor. It is taken by mouth.

Side effects of apalutamide when added to castration include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, high blood pressure, rash, falls, bone fractures, and an underactive thyroid. Rarely, it can cause seizures. The medication has a high potential for drug interactions. Apalutamide is an antiandrogen, and acts as an antagonist of the androgen receptor, the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. In doing so, it prevents the effects of these hormones in the prostate gland and elsewhere in the body.

Apalutamide was first described in 2007, and was approved for the treatment of prostate cancer in February 2018. It is the first medication to be approved specifically for the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Pocheon
Pocheon (Korean: 포천; Korean pronunciation: [pʰo.tɕʰʌn]) is an inland city in northeast Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It covers 826.48 km (513.55 mi)2 with a population of 160,176 people, according to the 2008 census. Pocheon lies between Seoul and the mountainous northwestern areas of Gangwon Province. The city borders Yeoncheon county, with the cities of Dongducheon and Yangju to the west, along with Uijeongbu, and Namyangju of Gyeonggi province to the south. It also borders Hwacheon county of Gangwon province on its eastern border and Cheorwon is to the north. Alongside the adjoining Gapyeong, Pocheon consists of the highest mountainous areas in Gyeonggi province. The current city of Pocheon was created after Pocheon-hyeon and Yeongpyeong counties were merged. The north part of the city used to be part of Yeongpyeong county while the south used to be part of Pocheon-hyeon.

Gyeonggi Province
Gyeonggi Province (Korean: 경기도; RR: Gyeonggi-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌ̹ŋ.ɡi.do̞]) is the most populous province in South Korea.

Seoul, the nation's largest city and capital, is in the heart of the area but has been separately administered as a provincial-level special city since 1946. Incheon, the nation's third-largest city, is on the coast of the province and has been similarly administered as a provincial-level metropolitan city since 1981. The three jurisdictions are collectively referred to as Sudogwon and cover 11,730 km2 (4,530 sq mi), with a combined population of over 26 million - amounting to over half (50.25%) of the entire population of South Korea, and a third of the population of the Korean peninsula at the 2020 census.
Eduardo Garcia (boxer)
Eduardo García is a Mexican boxing trainer and former amateur boxing champion. Originally from Urequio, Michoacán, he trained generations of boxers at La Colonia Youth Boxing Club in Oxnard, California. Garcia learned to box from a priest in Mexico and fought in amateur shows to raise money for the local church. After immigrating to Southern California, Garcia would hang around local gyms when he could find time and get to know the fighters. He has trained Fernando Vargas as well as his sons, former IBF Super Featherweight Champion Robert and Mikey, the current WBO, and Ring Magazine Featherweight Champion. During his amateur career, Garcia had a record of 48–2.

Robert Garcia (American boxer)
Roberto Garcia Cortez (born January 29, 1975) is an American former  professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2001, and held the IBF junior lightweight title from 1998 to 1999. He has since worked as a boxing trainer, and was named Trainer of the Year by The Ring magazine in 2011 and 2024, and by the Boxing Writers Association of America in 2012, 2024, and 2025. He is the older brother of professional boxer Mikey Garcia, who was a world champion in four weight classes.
Oskari Kekkonen
Oskari Johannes Orevillo Kekkonen (born 24 September 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Thai League 1 club Lamphun Warrior. Born in Finland, he plays for the Philippines national team.

Lamphun Warriors F.C.
Lamphun Warriors Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลลำพูน วอริเออร์) is a Thai professional association football club based in Lamphun province. The Warriors have played in the Thai League 1 after winning the Thai League 2 title in 2022.
Paul-Laurent-Jean-Louis Mazé
Paul-Laurent-Jean-Louis Mazé, SS.CC. (1885–1976) was Archbishop, and later Archbishop Emeritus of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Papeete, French Polynesia.

Born on 4 April 1885 in Pleyben, France, he was ordained a priest in the order of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary on 25 September 1910, aged 25. The Principal Consecrator was Bishop Pierre-Marie-David Le Cadre, SS.CC.

On 8 November 1938, aged 53, he was appointed as Vicar Apostolic of Tahiti, French Polynesia, and as Titular Bishop of Ascalon and ordained on 30 April 1939.

On 21 June 1966, aged 81, he was appointed Archbishop, retiring on 5 March 1973, aged 87, and became Archbishop Emeritus. He died on 21 December 1976, aged 91.

Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
The Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (Latin: Congregatio Sacrorum Cordium Iesu et Mariae) abbreviated SS.CC., is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for priests and brothers. The congregation is also known as the Picpus because their first house was on the Rue de Picpus in Paris, France.
AJ Johnson (basketball)
Akeem Jamaal "AJ" Johnson (born December 1, 2004) is an American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He previously played for the Illawarra Hawks of the Australian National Basketball League (NBL).

National Basketball League (Australia)
The National Basketball League (NBL) is a men's professional basketball league in Australasia, currently composed of ten teams: nine in Australia and one in New Zealand. It is the premier professional men's basketball league in Australia and New Zealand. The league was played in the Australian winter until 1998 when it switched to summer seasons beginning with the 1998–99 season. The NBL's regular season runs from September to February, with each team playing 33 games. The league's finals extends into March to April, culminating with the Championship grand final series.
History of Siberia
The early history of Siberia was greatly influenced by the sophisticated nomadic civilizations of the Scythians (Pazyryk) on the west of the Ural Mountains and Xiongnu (Noin-Ula) on the east of the Urals, both flourishing before the common era. The steppes of Siberia were occupied by a succession of nomadic peoples, including the Khitan people, various Turkic peoples, and the Mongol Empire. In the Late Middle Ages, Tibetan Buddhism spread into the areas south of Lake Baikal.

During the Russian Empire, Siberia was chiefly developed as an agricultural province. The government also used it as a place of exile, sending Avvakum, Dostoevsky, and the Decemberists, among others, to work camps in the region. During the 19th century, the Trans-Siberian Railway was constructed, supporting industrialization. This was also aided by discovery and exploitation of vast reserves of Siberian mineral resources.

Pazyryk culture
The Pazyryk culture (Russian: Пазырыкская культура Pazyrykskaya kul'tura) is a Saka (Central Asian Scythian) nomadic Iron Age archaeological culture (6th to 3rd centuries BC) identified by excavated artifacts and mummified humans found in the Siberian permafrost, in the Altay Mountains, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. The mummies are buried in long barrows (or kurgans) similar to the tomb mounds of Scythian culture in Ukraine. The type site are the Pazyryk burials of the Ukok Plateau.
Many artifacts and human remains have been found at this location, including the Siberian Ice Princess, indicating a flourishing culture at this location that benefited from the many trade routes and caravans of merchants passing through the area. The Pazyryk are considered to have had a war-like life. The Pazyryk culture was preceded by the "Arzhan culture" (Initial Scythian period, 8th - 7th century BC).
Knut Erik Folland
Knut Erik Folland (born 5 March 1972) is a retired Norwegian football defender and later manager. He notably played in Norway's highest league Eliteserien for Hamkam, and on the second tier for Hamkam and Os; later coaching Førde and Vard Haugesund.

Førde IL
Førde Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club based in the town of Førde in Sunnfjord Municipality. It has sections for alpine skiing, association football, athletics, biathlon, cross-country skiing, floorball, gymnastics, handball, orienteering, powerlifting, ski jumping, swimming and weightlifting. The club was founded by Nikolai Schei on 4 January 1920.
Mariam Danelia (footballer)
Mariam Danelia (Georgian: მარიამ დანელია; born 6 May 1997) is a Georgian footballer, who plays as a forward. She last played for Sivasspor in the Turkish Women's Super league, and was a member of the Georgia women's national team.

Georgia women's national football team
The Georgia women's national football team represents Georgia in international football. Georgia took part in the world cup qualification group 7 for the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, but withdrew after two matches, against Yugoslavia (0–11) and Turkey (0–1). After this, Georgia did not take part in qualification until the European Championships in 2009. Then, Georgia were placed in a group with Turkey, Northern Ireland and Croatia. Georgia finished last, with no points.

Georgia won their first match on 11 May 2009, winning 3–1 against Macedonia, and also scoring their first goal in a competitive game that year, in a 1–3 defeat to Scotland in the qualification for the 2011 World Cup. However, they also set a new negative record that year; the qualification opened with a 0–15 defeat to Denmark. In the subsequent qualifiers for the 2013 European Championship and 2015 World Cup the team couldn't make it past the preliminary round, ranking third of four teams in both occasions.