hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Digital contact tracing
Digital contact tracing is a method of contact tracing relying on tracking systems, most often based on mobile devices, to determine contact between an infected patient and a user. It came to public prominence in the form of COVID-19 apps during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the initial outbreak, many groups have developed nonstandard protocols designed to allow for wide-scale digital contact tracing, most notably BlueTrace and Exposure Notification.

When considering the limitations of mobile devices, there are two competing ways to trace proximity: GPS and Bluetooth; each with their own drawbacks. Additionally, the protocols can either be centralized or decentralized, meaning contact history can either be processed by a central health authority, or by individual clients in the network. On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple jointly announced that they would integrate functionality to support such Bluetooth-based apps directly into their Android and iOS operating systems.

BlueTrace
BlueTrace is an open-source application protocol that facilitates digital contact tracing of users to stem the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially developed by the Singaporean Government, BlueTrace powers the contact tracing for the TraceTogether app. Australia and the United Arab Emirates have already adopted the protocol in their gov apps, and other countries were considering BlueTrace for adoption. A principle of the protocol is the preservation of privacy and health authority co-operation.
Fenner Kadalie
Fenner Christian Kadalie OLS (né Fenner Livingstone Kadalie; 8 September 1928 – 19 July 2011) was a South African minister known for his work in Cape Town. The honorary life president of the Cape Town City Mission, he was a prominent community leader in District Six and the Cape Flats during apartheid.

Order of Luthuli
The Order of Luthuli is a South African honour. It was instituted on 30 November 2003 and is awarded by the President of South Africa for contributions to the struggle for democracy, human rights, nation-building, justice, or peace and conflict resolution.

The order is named after former African National Congress leader Chief Albert Luthuli, who was South Africa's first Nobel Peace Prize winner.
Total South Africa
TotalEnergies Marketing South Africa (Pty) Ltd (commonly simply referred to in South Africa as Total) is an energy and chemical company operating across South Africa's fuel, lubricants, and renewable energy markets. Headquartered in Johannesburg, it is the South African affiliate of the French multinational TotalEnergies SE, one of the world's largest integrated energy companies.

The company manages a network of over 540 petrol stations nationwide, supplies fuel and aviation products to commercial sectors, and holds a 36.4% stake in the Natref refinery.

In addition to petroleum operations, it is actively expanding into solar and wind energy projects, and plays a growing role in South Africa's transition toward low-carbon power solutions. In December 2023, the company commenced construction of a 140 MW wind farm and a 120 MW solar plant in the Northern Cape province, with operations expected to begin by the end of 2026.

TotalEnergies
TotalEnergies SE is a French multinational integrated energy and petroleum company founded in 1924 and is one of the seven supermajor oil companies. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain, from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation, transportation, refining, petroleum product marketing, and international crude oil and product trading. TotalEnergies is also a large-scale chemicals manufacturer.

TotalEnergies has its head office in the Tour Total in La Défense district in Courbevoie, west of Paris. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In the 2023 Forbes Global 2000, TotalEnergies was ranked as the 21st largest company in the world.
Shravan Kumar Patyal
Lieutenant General Shravan Kumar Patyal, PVSM, UYSM, SM was the Deputy Chief of Army Staff (DCOAS) of the Indian Army and assumed office on 31 March 2017. He assumed the post after Lt General Subrata Saha retired from office.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Theatre Row (New York City)
Theatre Row is an entertainment district of Off Broadway theatres on 42nd Street in the Midtown and Hell's Kitchen neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City, west of Ninth Avenue. The space originally referred to a 1977 redevelopment project to convert adult entertainment venues into theatres between Ninth and Tenth Avenues on the south side of 42nd Street. However, with the success of the district the name is often used to describe any theatre on either side of the street from Ninth Avenue to the Hudson River as more theatres have been built along the street.

From east to west, theatres along Theatre Row are:

Laurie Beechman Theatre

Theatre Row Building

Playwrights Horizons

Stage 42 (formerly the Little Shubert Theatre)

Pershing Square Signature Center

Castillo Theatre

Pearl Theatre

Laurie Beechman Theatre
The Laurie Beechman Theatre (formerly the West Bank Cafe Downstairs Theater Bar) is a 90-seat dinner theater in the basement of the West Bank Cafe at 407 West 42nd Street in the Manhattan Plaza apartment complex in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan, New York City.

The theater is named for Laurie Beechman, who was a Broadway singer/actor and cabaret performer.
Veysi Kaynak
Veysi Kaynak (born 1 January 1962) is a Turkish politician from the Justice and Development Party (AKP) who currently serves as a Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey in the government of Binali Yıldırım since 24 May 2016. He is a Member of Parliament Kahramanmaraş since the June 2015 general election, having previously served from 2007 to 2011.

Kaynak was active in local politics for numerous years before becoming an MP, serving as a municipal councillor, President of the Municipal Council, President of the Budgetary Commission and Deputy Mayor at the Municipality of Kahramanmaraş. He later served as the mayor of Kahramanmaraş briefly in 1999 before being elected as an MP in the 2007 general election. In 2011, he was appointed as the Deputy Minister of Justice and served until 2015. He is still a Deputy President of the International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA).

Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
The deputy prime minister of Turkey was official deputy of the prime minister of Turkey. Conventionally all of the junior partners in a coalition got one deputy, and they were ranked according to the size of their respective parties.
Symphytum
Symphytum is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae, known by the common name comfrey (pronounced /ˈkʌmfri/, from the Latin confervere to 'heal' or literally to 'boil together', referring to uses in ancient traditional medicine).

Symphytum is native to northern temperate regions of Europe and Asia, with a wide introduced distribution on both continents as well as the Americas. There are 59 recognized species. More than 150 species have been cataloged by botanists. Some species and hybrids, particularly S. officinale, Symphytum grandiflorum, and S. × uplandicum, are used in gardening and herbal medicine. Species in the genus Symphytum are different from Andersonglossum virginianum, known as wild comfrey, which is another member of the borage family.

Symphytum × uplandicum
Russian comfrey or Quaker comfrey (Symphytum × uplandicum, syn. S. peregrinum auct.) is a common hybrid between Symphytum officinale and S. asperum. It represents the economically most important kind of comfrey.

It occurs naturally in Caucasus region where it grows in waste areas and disturbed soils. It has been introduced as a crop in many places around the world. and is widespread in the British Isles and interbreeds with S. officinale.
Loughborough Students' Union
Loughborough Students' Union (otherwise known as LSU) is the students' union serving members from Loughborough University, Loughborough College and the RNIB College Loughborough.

The Union was unique amongst British universities, in that its premises were owned by the students themselves. In 2022, the Union was purchased by the University. The union building sits in the North-Eastern corner of the campus, and consists of two floors. The Union is managed on a day-to-day basis by the Executive, with scrutiny from the Democracy and Representation Committee.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
Nasserist Unionists Movement
The Nasserist Unionists Movement – NUM or Nasserite Unification Movement (Arabic: حركة الوحدويين الناصريين | Al-Harakat Al-Tawhidiya Al-Nassiriya) is a minor Lebanese political party headed by Samir Sabbagh. It was founded in 1982 out from a splinter faction of the INM/Al-Mourabitoun, originally under the label Movement of Unionist Nasserites – MUN (Arabic: حركة الوحدويين الناصريين | Harakat al-Wihdawiyin al-Nasiriyin).  The NUM aims to unify all Lebanese Nasserite parties under one leadership and is currently a member of the pro-Syrian March 8 Alliance.

Al-Mourabitoun
The Independent Nasserite Movement – INM (Arabic: حركة الناصريين المستقلين-المرابطون, romanized: Harakat al-Nasiriyin al-Mustaqillin) or simply Al-Murabitoun (المرابطون lit. The Steadfast), also termed variously Independent Nasserite Organization (INO) or Movement of Independent Nasserists (MIN), is a Nasserist political party in Lebanon.
Eamon McGee
Eamon McGee (born 26 April 1984) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Gaoth Dobhair and also, formerly, for the Donegal county team (between 2004 and 2016). He is the older brother of Neil McGee.

From Gweedore in County Donegal, he won one All-Ireland Senior Football Championship title, three Ulster Senior Football Championship titles and one National Football League title with his county and an Ulster title with his club. For a small time until Patrick McBrearty, Neil McGee, Paddy McGrath, Leo McLoone, Frank McGlynn, Michael Murphy and Anthony Thompson surpassed it in 2018, McGee's haul of Ulster SFC titles was a joint county team record (alongside such past players as Anthony Molloy, Martin McHugh, Joyce McMullan and Donal Reid).

Leo McLoone
Leo McLoone (born 1989) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Naomh Conaill and also, formerly, the Donegal county team.

A versatile player, often employed as a forward, he has been an important source of goals for club and county.

McLoone made 109 appearances for his county, winning five Ulster Senior Football Championships and one All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. He was "the last of that famous Naomh Conaill four that also included Anthony Thompson, Dermot Molloy and Marty Boyle" to retire from inter-county football, doing so, as has been his custom, without making a public announcement.
Combination square
A combination square is a multi-purpose measuring and marking tool used in metalworking, woodworking, and stonemasonry. It is composed of a rule and one or more interchangeable heads that can be attached to the rule. Other names for the tool include adjustable square, combo square, and sliding square.

The most common head is the standard head, which is used as a square for marking and testing 90° and 45° angles. The other common types of head are the protractor head, and the centre finder head.

Square (tool)
A square is a tool used for marking and referencing a 90° angle, though mitre squares are used for 45° angles. Squares see common use in woodworking, metalworking, construction and technical drawing. Some squares incorporate a scale for measuring distances (a ruler) or for calculating angles.
Cutler's bar notation
In mathematics, Cutler's bar notation is a notation system for large numbers, introduced by Mark Cutler in 2004.  The idea is based on iterated exponentiation in much the same way that exponentiation is iterated multiplication.

Mathematical notation
Mathematical notation consists of using symbols for representing operations, unspecified numbers, relations, and any other mathematical objects and assembling them into expressions and formulas. Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics, science, and engineering for representing complex concepts and properties in a concise, unambiguous, and accurate way.

For example, the physicist Albert Einstein's formula  is the quantitative representation in mathematical notation of mass–energy equivalence.

Mathematical notation was first introduced by François Viète at the end of the 16th century and largely expanded during the 17th and 18th centuries by René Descartes, Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, and overall Leonhard Euler.
Maurice John Cary
Maurice John Cary JP UPM (1871 – 12 August 1938) was an appointed member of the 1st and 2nd State Councils of Ceylon.

Maurice John Cary was born in London in 1871, the son of George Goldney Cary, a barrister at law.

Cary migrated to Ceylon in 1896 where he served as the manager of the Colombo Commercial Company Ltd. He was a director of the Colombo YMCA between 1929 and 1930, and was the chairman of the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce between 1929 and 1931.

Cary married Emily Winifred Thomas on 30 October 1900 at the Isle of Wight.

He was appointed one of the European members of the 1st State Council of Ceylon in 1931 and subsequently in 1936 was re-appointed to the 2nd State Council of Ceylon.

He died in Edgbaston, Birmingham, in 1938.

2nd State Council of Ceylon
The 2nd State Council of Ceylon was a meeting of the State Council of Ceylon, with the membership determined by the results of the 1936 state council election held between 22 February and 7 March 1936. The parliament met for the first time on 17 March 1936 and was dissolved on 4 July 1947.
Velocity Racing Development
Velocity Racing Development, also competing as VRD Racing in select championships, is an auto racing team from the United States. The team competes in the USF Pro Championships in the United States and the GB3 Championship in Europe, previously in collaboration with Arden Motorsport. The team is based in Dawsonville, Georgia near Atlanta Motorsports Park and was founded by British engineer Dan Mitchell.

Arden International
Arden International, competing as Arden Motorsport, is a multiple formula racing team created and run by Christian Horner and Garry Horner. It currently competes in the GB4 Championship, and formerly ran in the FIA Formula 2 Championship, Formula Regional European Championship and the GB3 Championship.

It has been competing since 1997 and has raced in the Formula 3000 International Championship, the Italian Formula 3000 series, and the A1 GP series for Great Britain.

Due to the Arden's strong business connections and sponsorship, the team often signs Red Bull Junior Team drivers as a way to pave forward future F1 drivers. Many drivers have been Red Bull Juniors, including Michael Ammermüller, Neel Jani, Filipe Albuquerque, Sébastien Buemi, António Félix da Costa, Daniil Kvyat, Carlos Sainz, Jr., Dan Ticktum, Jack Doohan and Dennis Hauger.
John Simon (engraver)
Jean Simon, anglicized as John Simon (also spelled Simons; c. 1675–1751) was an English mezzotint engraver and print publisher of French Huguenot birth, particularly known for his portraits. Notably associated with the German-born portrait painter Godfrey Kneller, Simon had an active career that spanned at least three and a half decades, and was regarded as one of the mezzotint medium's most prolific masters of his generation, along with the older contemporaneous engraver John Smith.

John Smith (engraver)
John Smith (c. 1652 – c. 1742) was an English mezzotint engraver and print seller. Closely associated with the portrait painter Godfrey Kneller, Smith was one of leading exponents of the mezzotint medium during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and was regarded among first English-born artists to receive international recognition, along the younger painter William Hogarth.
2022 MK John Wilson Trophy
The 2022 MK John Wilson Trophy was a figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by British Ice Skating, and the fourth event of the 2022–23 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating series. It was held at IceSheffield in Sheffield, England, in the United Kingdom, from 11 to 13 November 2022. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their results, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline at the end of the season were then invited to then compete at the 2022–23 Grand Prix Final in Turin, Italy. Daniel Grassl of Italy won the men's event, Mai Mihara of Japan won the women's event, Alexa Knierim and Brandon Frazier of the United States won the pairs event, and Charlène Guignard and Marco Fabbri of Italy won the ice dance event.

2022–23 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2022–23 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final and ISU Junior Grand Prix Final  were held from December 8–11, 2022  at the Torino Palavela in Turin, Italy. The combined event was the culmination of two international series: the Grand Prix of Figure Skating and the Junior Grand Prix. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at both the senior and junior levels.
Moderus Alfa
Moderus Alfa – a one-section one-directional high-floor tram model developed by retrofitting Konstal 105N/105Na tram, manufactured by Modertrans Poznań. These trams are operated in Silesian Interurbans, Poznań and Szczecin.

Konstal 105Na
The Konstal 105Na are a class of Polish trams manufactured from 1979 to 1992 in the workshops Konstal Chorzów, Poland. The metre-gauge version is designated as 805Na. As of 2016 they were still the most common trams in Poland.
Corallorhiza wisteriana
Corallorhiza wisteriana, the spring coralroot or Wister's coralroot, is a species of coralroot orchid. It is widespread through much of Mexico as well as parts of the United States (Rocky Mountains, Appalachians, the Southeast, and the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys).

Spring coralroot blooms as early as December in Florida through early spring in other parts of the country. The flowers generally only last a few hours.

This plant prefers leaf litter in woodland areas and is mycotrophic.

Corallorhiza
Corallorhiza, the coralroot, is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family. Except for the circumboreal C. trifida, the genus is restricted to North America (including Mexico, Central America and the West Indies).

Most species are putatively parasitic, relying entirely upon mycorrhizal fungi within their coral-shaped rhizomes for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco-heterotrophy, they have never been successfully cultivated. Most species are leafless and rootless. Most species produce little or no chlorophyll, and do not utilize photosynthesis. An exception is the yellowish green species Corallorhiza trifida, which has some chlorophyll and is able to fix CO2. However, this species also depends primarily on fungal associations for carbon acquisition.
Mustapha Ayad
Mustapha Ayad is an Algerian actor, author and director, known for his roles in theatre and cinema as well as for his commitment to preserving Algerian cultural heritage. He is the son of actor Rouiched (Ahmed Ayad) and has appeared in several Algerian films and television films since the 1970s.

Rouiched
Ahmed Ayad (Arabic:  أحمد عياد) better known by his stage name as Rouiched; was an Algerian comedy actor and singer, born on April 28, 1921, at Algiers and died on January 28, 1999, at El Biar (Algiers).
Meerut City–Lucknow Rajya Rani Express
The 22454 / 22453 Meerut City–Lucknow Rajya Rani Express is a Superfast Express train of the Rajya Rani Express series belonging to Indian Railways – North Central Railway zone that runs between Meerut City and Lucknow NE in India.

It operates as train number 22454 from Meerut to Lucknow NE and as train number 22453 in the reverse direction serving the state of Uttar Pradesh.

It is part of the Rajya Rani Express series launched by the former railway minister of India, Ms. Mamata Banerjee in the 2011/12 Rail Budget  .

Meerut City Junction railway station
Meerut City Junction railway station, is the main railway station in the city of Meerut. It is a junction of Meerut–Bulandshahr–Khurja  line and Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line.

It lies on the Northern Railway zone of India under Delhi division.
1983 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1983 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 95th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 13 May 1983 and ended on 9 October 1983.

St. Finbarr's entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a fourth successive title.

The final was played on 9 October 1983 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, between Midleton and St. Finbarr's, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Midleton won the match by 1–18 to 2–09 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title in 67 years.

Youghal's Tony Coyne was the championship's top scorer with 2-27.

1916 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1916 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 29th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Redmonds were the defending champions.

On 15 October 1916, Midleton won the championship following a 4–0 to 3–2 defeat of Shamrocks in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.
Geri Miller
Geri Miller (born April 27, 1942) is an American former go-go dancer and actress. She was a dancer at New York's Peppermint Lounge in the 1960s and appeared in sexploitation films before becoming part of pop artist Andy Warhol's Factory crowd. As a Warhol Superstar, she appeared in the films Flesh (1968), Trash (1970), and Women in Revolt (1971). She also starred in Warhol's play Pork (1971). A self-described "super groupie", Miller was linked to various musicians, including Ringo Starr, Jimi Hendrix, David Bowie, and James Brown.

The Factory
The Factory was pop artist Andy Warhol's New York City studio and the center of his artistic, social, and filmmaking activities from 1964 to 1987. Originally located at 231 East 47th Street before moving to two later sites, the Factory became known for its distinctive blend of art production, experimental film, fashion, music, and countercultural nightlife. It served as a gathering place for a wide circle of artists, musicians, writers, socialites, and underground personalities—collectively known as Warhol superstars—who contributed to the studio’s reputation as one of the most influential creative hubs of its era. The Factory played a key role in the development of Warhol's Pop art, his film projects, and his exploration of celebrity culture, helping shape the landscape of American avant-garde art in the 1960s and 1970s.