hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles J. M. Stirling
Charles James Matthew Stirling FRS, CChem, FRSC, FLSW (born 1930) is an Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, at the University of Sheffield, in England.

Stirling was born on 8 December 1930 to Brigadier Alexander Dickson Stirling and his wife  Millicent Stirling

He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 1967, and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1986; and gave the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures in 1992.

The Royal Society describe him as having "made important contributions to physical organic chemistry through his elucidation of organic reaction mechanisms".

He is a Founding Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales.

Learned Society of Wales
The Learned Society of Wales (Welsh: Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru) is a national academy, learned society and charity that exists to "celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect and encourage excellence in all of the scholarly disciplines", and to serve the Welsh nation.

The Learned Society of Wales is Wales's first and only all-embracing national scholarly academy.  A registered charity, it was established and launched on 25 May 2010 at the National Museum of Wales and was granted a Royal Charter in 2015. The society is headquartered in Cardiff.

It is an independent, self-governing, pan-disciplinary, bilingual organisation operating throughout Wales, and is a founding member of the Celtic Academies Alliance.
Ohio's 14th congressional district
The 14th congressional district of Ohio is in the far northeast corner of the state, bordering Lake Erie and Pennsylvania. It is currently represented in the United States House of Representatives by Republican Dave Joyce.

As defined in January 2023, it contains all of Ashtabula, Lake, Trumbull and Geauga counties, and nearly all of Portage county.

Ohio's congressional districts
Ohio is divided into 15 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. After the 2010 census, Ohio, which up until then had 18 districts, lost two House seats due to slow population growth compared to the national average, and a new map was signed into law on September 26, 2011. Starting in the 2022 midterms, per the 2020 United States census, Ohio lost its 16th congressional seat, ending up with its current 15 districts.
Laghuu language
Laghuu (Vietnamese: Xá Phó, Phù Lá Lão) is a Loloish language spoken in northwestern Vietnam. In Nậm Sài, Sa Pa Town, the speakers' autonym is la21 ɣɯ44, while in Sơn La Province it is la21 ɔ44.
The people are also called the Phù Lá Lão by the Vietnamese.

Edmondson considers Laghuu to be related to but not part of the Yi language complex of China. Jamin Pelkey (2011) considers Laghuu to be a Southeastern Loloish language.

Loloish languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi (like the Yi people) and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a sub-branch of 50–100 Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of Southwestern China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, sub-classification is more contentious.

The 2013 edition of Ethnologue  estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi") languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers.
Gymnolaena
Gymnolaena is a genus of Mexican flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Species

Gymnolaena chiapasana Strother - Chiapas

Gymnolaena oaxacana (Greenm.) Rydb. - 	Oaxaca, Puebla

Gymnolaena serratifolia (DC.) Rydb. - 	Oaxaca

formerly included

Gymnolaena integrifolia (A.Gray) Rydb., Synonym of Comaclinium montanum (Benth.) Strother

Gymnolaena seleri (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Rydb., Synonym of Boeberoides grandiflora (DC.) Strother

Boeberoides
Boeberoides is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It contains only one known species, Boeberoides grandiflora. It is endemic to Mexico (states of Guerrero, Morelos, México).
SmY RNA
SmY ribonucleic acids (SmY RNAs) are a family of small nuclear RNAs found in some species of nematode worms. They are thought to be involved in mRNA trans-splicing.

SmY RNAs are about 70–90 nucleotides long and share a common secondary structure, with two stem-loops flanking a consensus binding site for Sm protein. Sm protein is a shared component of spliceosomal snRNPs.

SmY RNAs have been found in nematodes of class Chromadorea, which includes the most commonly studied nematodes (such as Caenorhabditis, Pristionchus, and Ascaris), but not in the more distantly related Trichinella spiralis in class Dorylaimia. The number of SmY genes in each species varies, with most Caenorhabditis and Pristionchus species having 10–26 related paralogous copies, while other nematodes have 1–5.

Trans-splicing
Trans-splicing is a special form of RNA processing where exons from two different primary RNA transcripts are joined end to end and ligated. It is usually found in eukaryotes and mediated by the spliceosome, although some bacteria and archaea also have "half-genes" for tRNAs.
Mikimoto Pearl Island
Mikimoto Pearl Island (ミキモト真珠島, Mikimoto-Shinju-Jima) is a small island in Ise Bay, offshore Toba, Mie Prefecture, Japan. The island is known as the birthplace of cultured pearl aquaculture.

The island is owned by Mikimoto Pearl Museum Co., Ltd. (株式会社ミキモト真珠島, Kabushiki-Gaisha-Mikimoto-Shinju-Jima), which operates the island as a tourist attraction, exhibiting pearls and pearl craft goods, and holding shows featuring ama divers.

Cultured pearl
Cultured pearls are pearls which are formed within a cultured pearl sac with human intervention in the interior of productive living molluscs in a variety of conditions depending upon the mollusc and the goals. Having the same material as natural pearls, cultured pearls can be cultivated in seawater or freshwater bodies. Over 95% of the pearls available on the market are cultured pearls.
The Blue Equinox
The Blue Equinox, officially known as The Equinox (Volume III, Number 1) is a book written by the English occultist Aleister Crowley, the founder of Thelema. First published in 1919, it details the principles and aims of the secret society O.T.O. and its ally the A∴A∴, both of which were under Crowley's control at the time. It includes such topics as The Law of Liberty, The Gnostic Mass, and Crowley's "Hymn to Pan".

Liber XV, The Gnostic Mass
Aleister Crowley wrote The Gnostic Mass — technically called Liber XV or "Book 15" — in 1913 while travelling in Moscow, Russia. He described it as representing "the original and true pre-Christian Christianity." The structure is similar to the Mass of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church, communicating the principles of Crowley's Thelema. It is the central rite of Ordo Templi Orientis and its ecclesiastical arm, Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica.

The ceremony calls for five officers: a Priest, a Priestess, a Deacon, and two adult acolytes, called "the Children". The end of the ritual culminates in the consummation of the eucharist, consisting of a goblet of wine and a Cake of Light, after which the congregant proclaims "There is no part of me that is not of the gods!"
Raghunath Nambiar
Air Marshal Raghunath Nambiar, PVSM, AVSM, VM & Bar is a retired officer of the Indian Air Force. He served as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C), Western Air Command from 1 March 2019 to 31 October 2019.

Vayu Sena Medal
The Vayu Sena Medal (lit. 'Air Force Medal') is a military decoration, usually awarded in peacetime for a job well done in the Indian Air Force. However, it has been granted during times of conflict for acts of gallantry in the face of enemy, though not in the same numbers as the Vir Chakra.

Posthumous awards may be made and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Vayu Sena Medal.

The VM was established on 17 June 1960 by the President of India and awards have been made from 1961 onwards. Awards over the past decade or more have been classified into two categories. One is Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) and the other for Vayu Sena Medal (Devotion to Duty).
Magne Thormodsæter
Magne Thormodsæter (born 8 July 1973) is a Norwegian jazz musician (upright bass) and composer, known from a dozen releases and cooperations with the likes of Terje Rypdal, Ståle Storløkken, Paolo Vinaccia, Karin Krog and John Surman.

Terje Rypdal
Terje Rypdal (born 23 August 1947) is a Norwegian guitarist and composer. He has been an important member in the Norwegian jazz community, and has also given show concerts with guitarists Ronni Le Tekrø and Mads Eriksen as "N3".
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is one of the United States Department of Energy national laboratories, managed by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science. The main campus of the laboratory is in Richland, Washington, with additional research facilities around the country.

Originally named the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, PNL was established in 1965 when research and development at the Hanford Site was separated from other Hanford operations. In 1995, the laboratory was renamed the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).

United States Department of Energy National Laboratories
The United States Department of Energy National Laboratories and Technology Centers is a system of laboratories overseen by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for scientific and technological research. The primary mission of the DOE national laboratories is to conduct research and development (R&D) addressing national priorities: energy and climate, the environment, national security, and health. Sixteen of the seventeen DOE national laboratories are federally funded research and development centers administered, managed, operated and staffed by private-sector organizations under management and operating (M&O) contracts with the DOE.  The National Laboratory system was established in the wake of World War II, during which the United States had quickly set-up and pursued advanced scientific research in the sprawling Manhattan Project.
Induction-recursion
In intuitionistic type theory (ITT), a discipline within mathematical logic, induction-recursion is a feature for simultaneously declaring a type and function on that type.  It allows the creation of larger types than inductive types, such as universes.  The types created still remain predicative inside ITT.

An inductive definition is given by rules for generating elements of a type. One can then define functions from that type by induction on the way the elements of the type are generated. Induction-recursion generalizes this situation since one can simultaneously define the type and the function, because the rules for generating elements of the type are allowed to refer to the function.

Induction-recursion can be used to define large types including various universe constructions. It increases the proof-theoretic strength of type theory substantially. Nevertheless, inductive-recursive definitions are still considered predicative.

Intuitionistic type theory
Intuitionistic type theory (also known as constructive type theory, or Martin-Löf type theory (MLTT)) is a type theory and an alternative foundation of mathematics.
Intuitionistic type theory was created by Per Martin-Löf, a Swedish mathematician and philosopher, who first published it in 1972. There are multiple versions of the type theory: Martin-Löf proposed both intensional and extensional variants of the theory and early impredicative versions, shown to be inconsistent by Girard's paradox, gave way to predicative versions. However, all versions keep the core design of constructive logic using dependent types.
Pesticide incidents in the San Joaquin Valley
Pesticide incidents in the San Joaquin Valley is a topic covering the justice and health issues of people living in the San Joaquin Valley resulting from the use of pesticides in the region. Pesticide use in the San Joaquin Valley began in the 1880s when certain insects were known to be causing harm in the region, much of whose economy is still based on the successful agriculture and farming of many different kinds of crops. Pesticide illnesses were reported sporadically during that time frame but were not focused as a major issue until the post-World War II agricultural boom in the late 1940s when pesticide poisonings became more widely publicized. Though Rachel Carson's Silent Spring and the use of chemicals in weapons during the Vietnam War led the federal government to pass restrictions on pesticide use, residents, primarily of low income, have struggled with the health impacts of pesticide use due to persistent over-spraying by agriculture companies working for profit.

San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley (/ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ ⓘ SAN whah-KEEN; Spanish: Valle de San Joaquín) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

San Joaquin Valley draws from nine counties of Northern and Central California, including all of San Joaquin and Kings counties, most of Stanislaus, Merced, and Fresno counties, and parts of Madera and Tulare counties, along with a majority of Kern County. Although the valley is predominantly rural, it has four densely populated urban centers:  Stockton/Modesto, Fresno, Porterville/Visalia, and Bakersfield.
Anoop Kumar Gupta
Anoop Kumar Gupta is an Indian politician and was a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly in India. He used to represent the Maholi constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Samajwadi Party political party.

16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a. Sixteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 15 March 2012 as a result of 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 8 Feb to 3 March 2012. The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly has total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member) against a total strength of 404 members.
Standard Chartered India
Standard Chartered India (officially Standard Chartered Bank India Branches) is a foreign branch of Standard Chartered, incorporated in the United Kingdom with limited liability. It is considered as a foreign bank under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and thus is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The bank has been operating in India for over 160 years, first as the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China which set up its first branches in Kolkata and Mumbai in 1858. It is also the largest foreign bank in India, with 100 branches across 42 cities.

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China
The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China (informally The Chartered Bank; Chinese: 印度新金山中國渣打銀行) was a bank incorporated in London in 1853 by Scotsman James Wilson, under a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria.

Though lacking a truly strong domestic network in Britain, it was influential in the development of British colonial trade throughout the East of Suez.

In 1969, Chartered Bank merged with Standard Bank, which did business throughout Africa. The merged enterprise was incorporated in London under the name Standard Chartered.
Arkansas Highway 326
Highway 326 (AR 326, Ark. 326, and Hwy. 326) is a designation for two state highways in Pope County. One route of 9.96 miles (16.03 km) in Russellville begins at Highway 7 and Highway 7T and runs northeast to Highway 7. A second route of 6.52 miles (10.49 km) begins at Highway 124 and runs east to Highway 105. All routes are maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).

Arkansas Highway 7
Arkansas Highway 7 (AR 7) is a north–south state highway in Arkansas, United States. As Arkansas's longest state highway, the route runs 297.27 miles (478.41 km) from the Louisiana state line north to Diamond City. With the exception of the segment north of Harrison, Highway 7 has been designated as an Arkansas Scenic Byway and a National Forest Scenic Byway. The road passes through the heart of both the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains, and features scenic views. It's the route favored by motorcycle riders touring the region.
Sikandar Sultan Raja
Sikandar Sultan Raja is a retired Pakistani civil servant who is the current Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan since January 2020. He is the son-in-law of the former Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of Pakistan and Chief Secretary Sindh Saeed Mehdi. As a civil servant, Raja belonged to the Pakistan Administrative Service.

Raja retired from civil service in BPS-22 grade in 2019, having worked in senior bureaucratic positions such as the Railways Secretary, Petroleum Secretary, SAFRON Secretary, Federal Secretary Aviation and Chief Secretary of both Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Raja was appointed as the chief election commissioner by President Arif Alvi in January 2020. His tenure as chief election commissioner ended in 8 January 2025, however he has continued to server the position as a caretaker, until the appointment of his successor.

Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan
The chief election commissioner is the authority and the appointed chair of the Election Commission of Pakistan— an institution constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and provincial legislatures.

Before 1973, the commissioners were only appointed from the civil services cadre and appointments came from the president. After the promulgation of much and thoroughly reformed constitution in 1973 in shape of 18th Amendment, the constitutional provisions made mandatory and compulsory that appointments would only come from the judicature branch's judges who were eligible to become chief election commissioner, however later on an amendment to the Constitution allowed civil servants to be appointed to the post as well. The Constitution (or president on different occasions) lays the appointment and oath administered by the chief justice of Pakistan.
Hypercubic honeycomb
In geometry, a hypercubic honeycomb is a family of regular honeycombs (tessellations) in n-dimensional spaces with the Schläfli symbols {4,3...3,4}  and containing the symmetry of Coxeter group Rn (or B~n−1) for n ≥ 3.

The tessellation is constructed from 4 n-hypercubes per ridge. The vertex figure is a cross-polytope {3...3,4}.

The hypercubic honeycombs are self-dual.

Coxeter named this family as δn+1 for an n-dimensional honeycomb.

Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter
Harold Scott MacDonald "Donald" Coxeter ([ˈkoksɛtɛr], [ˈkɒksətər]) CC FRS FRSC (9 February 1907 – 31 March 2003) was a British-Canadian geometer and mathematician. He is regarded as one of the greatest geometers of the 20th century.

Coxeter was born in England and educated at the University of Cambridge, with student visits to Princeton University. He worked for 60 years at the University of Toronto in Canada, from 1936 until his retirement in 1996, becoming a full professor there in 1948. His many honours included membership in the Royal Society of Canada, the Royal Society, and the Order of Canada.

He was an author of 12 books, including The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra (1938) and Regular Polytopes (1947). Many concepts in geometry and group theory are named after him, including the Coxeter graph, Coxeter groups, Coxeter's loxodromic sequence of tangent circles, Coxeter–Dynkin diagrams, and the Todd–Coxeter algorithm.
Yushima Tenmangū
Yushima Tenman-gū (湯島天満宮) is a Shinto shrine located in the Bunkyō ward of Tokyo, Japan.

Established in 458, it is now devoted to Tenjin, the kami of Learning. For this reason, it is also called Yushima Tenjin.

It is located very close to Ueno Park, and not far from the University of Tokyo. It is frequently visited by prospective students hoping to pass the entrance exams, especially during the entrance exam season in winter.  At this time, the shrine receives many offerings of ema, votive tablets to petition the kami for success.

One of the most famous features of the shrine are the blossoms of his plum trees (ume) in the spring. In February and March, the annual festival Ume Matsuri is held, attracting many visitors.

Tenjin (kami)
In the Shinto religion of Japan, Tenjin (天神), also called Tenman Daijizai Tenjin (天満大自在天神), is the patron kami (deity) of academics, scholarship, of learning, and of the intelligentsia.

Tenjin is the deification of Sugawara no Michizane (845–903), the famous scholar, poet and politician of the Heian period.

Ten  (天) means sky or heaven, and jin (神) means god or deity.
Austin W. Lord
Austin Willard Lord FAIA (June 27, 1860 – January 19, 1922) was an American architect and painter.  He was a partner in the firm of Lord & Hewlett, best known for their work on the design of the former William A. Clark House on Fifth Avenue in New York.

Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-member architects who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through design excellence, contributions in the field of architectural education, or to the advancement of the profession. In 2014, fewer than 3,200 of the more than 80,000 AIA members were fellows. Honorary Fellowship (Hon. FAIA) is awarded to foreign (non-U.S. citizen) architects, and to non-architects who have made substantial contributions to the field of architecture or to the institute.
Alacránite
Alacránite (As8S9) is an arsenic sulfide mineral first discovered in the Uzon caldera, Kamchatka, Russia.  It was named for its occurrence in the Alacrán silver/arsenic/antimony mine. Pampa Larga, Chile. It is generally more rare than realgar and orpiment. Its origin is hydrothermal. It occurs as subhedral to euhedral tabular orange to pale gray crystals that are transparent to translucent. It has a yellow-orange streak with a hardness of 1.5. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. It occurs with realgar and uzonite as flattened and prismatic grains up to 0.5 mm across.

Realgar
Realgar (/riˈælɡɑːr, -ɡər/ ree-AL-gar, -⁠gər), also known as arsenic blende, ruby sulphur or ruby of arsenic, is an arsenic sulfide mineral with the chemical formula α-As4S4. It is a soft, mineral occurring in monoclinic crystals, or in granular, compact, or powdery form, often in association with the related mineral, orpiment (As2S3). It is orange-red in color, and burns with a bluish flame releasing fumes of arsenic and sulfur. It is trimorphous with pararealgar and bonazziite.
Sadasiva Raya
Sadasiva Raya (reigned 1542–1570) was the last Emperor of Vijayanagara from the Tuluva dynasty, and reigned from 1542 until his death in 1570. During most of his reign, Rama Raya was the de facto ruler of the state, and created strategic alliances with the Deccan sultanates, who later formed an alliance against Vijayanagara and decisively defeated Rama Raya at the Battle of Talikota in 1565. After the defeat, the capital Vijayanagara, was burned down and Sadasiva Raya retreated to Penukonda, the new capital of the empire, where he died in 1570.

Tuluva dynasty
Tuluva is the name of the third dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire. The dynasty traces its patrilineal ancestry to Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, a powerful warlord from the westerly Tulu speaking region. His son Narasimha Nayaka arranged for the assassination of the weak Narasimha Raya II bringing an end to the rule of the Saluva dynasty. Narasimha Nayaka later assumed the Vijayangara throne as Viranarasimha Raya bringing the Tuluva dynasty to prominence. The dynasty was at its zenith during the rule of Krishnadevaraya, the second son of Tuluva Narasa Nayaka.