hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1985 Bangladeshi military rule referendum
A referendum on military rule was held in Bangladesh on 21 March 1985 to seek public approval for the continuation of military rule under Lieutenant General Hussain Muhammad Ershad, who had seized power in a bloodless coup in 1982. The referendum asked voters "Do you support the policies of President Ershad, and do you want him to continue to run this administration until a civilian government is formed through elections?"

The result saw 94% vote in favour with a turnout of 72%. The opposition organised a general strike on the day of the referendum, and alleged that the results were fraudulent.

1982 Bangladeshi coup d'état
Lieutenant General Hussain Muhammad Ershad, the then-chief of Army Staff of Bangladesh, led a coup d'état against the then-president of Bangladesh, Abdus Sattar, in 1982. After serving initially as the Chief Martial Law Administrator and installing a civilian president, Justice A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, Ershad assumed presidency in 1983 and ruled until 1990.
Drew Wrigley
Drew Howard Wrigley (born October 10, 1965) is an American lawyer and politician from North Dakota. Wrigley serves as the attorney general of North Dakota.  He declared his candidacy for the office in early January 2022.  Weeks later, then-incumbent Wayne Stenehjem died unexpectedly, and Governor Doug Burgum appointed Wrigley to serve the final year of that term. Wrigley was elected to a four-year term in November 2022, garnering 71% of the vote. Wrigley previously served as the United States attorney for the District of North Dakota from 2001 to 2009 and again from 2019 to 2021, appointed by President George W. Bush and Donald Trump, respectively. Between his terms as United States attorney, Wrigley served as the 37th lieutenant governor of North Dakota from 2010 to 2016.

Wrigley was the deputy chief of staff to then-Governor John Hoeven prior to serving in elected office.

Wayne Stenehjem
Wayne Stenehjem (/ˈstɛndʒəm/ STEN-jəm; February 5, 1953 – January 28, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 29th Attorney General of North Dakota from 2000 until his death in 2022. He sought the Republican nomination for governor of North Dakota in 2016 but lost the primary to Doug Burgum on June 14 by 20%.
2020 Mostar municipal elections
Municipal elections were held in Mostar on 20 December 2020 to elect members of the City Council and the mayor of Mostar. The elections were part of the Bosnian municipal elections, although the elections in the rest of the country the elections were held earlier, on 15 November.

Mostar
Mostar (pronounced [mǒstaːr] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the historical capital of Herzegovina.

Mostar is situated on the Neretva River and is the fifth-largest city in the country. Mostar was named after the bridge keepers (mostari) who guarded the Stari Most (Old Bridge) over the Neretva during the Ottoman era. The Old Bridge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most visited landmarks, and is considered an exemplary piece of Islamic architecture in the Balkans.
Raj pattern
Raj pattern (Thai: ราชปะแตน, RTGS: ratcha-pataen, pronounced [râːt.tɕʰā.pā.tɛ̄ːn]) refers either to a Thai men's costume consisting of a white jacket with five buttons, a chong kraben, knee-length socks and slip-on shoes, or to the specific form of the jacket itself. It was worn chiefly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by government officials and the upper class in Bangkok, and nowadays is used in select circumstances as a national costume. The symbolizes a fusion of Thai tradition and western influences during the era of modernization.

Sompot chong kben
Sompot chong kben (Khmer: សំពត់ចងក្បិន, sâmpót châng kbĕn [sɑmput cɑːŋ kɓən]) is a unisex lower-body wraparound garment. It originated in ancient Cambodia and was later adopted in neighbouring countries including Laos and Thailand, where it is known as pha hang (ຜ້າຫາງ [pʰȁː hǎːŋ]) and chong kraben (โจงกระเบน [tɕōːŋ krābēːn]). It is most commonly worn by women, particularly those of middle to high socio-economic status.
Sambú District
Sambú District is a district (distrito) of Comarca Emberá-Wounaan in Panama. The capital is Puerto Indio.  The area of this district is 1296.4 sq. kilometers. It is on the western part of Comarca Emberá-Wounaan. The other side of the Comarca is Cémaco District.

Districts of Panama
The provinces of Panama and some of the comarcas are divided into districts (distrito). The district are further divided into corregimientos of Panama.

More than 50% of the country's population resides in the districts of Panama, San Miguelito, Arraijan, Chorrera, and Colon.
Endothelial cell anergy
Endothelial cell anergy is a condition during the process of angiogenesis, where endothelial cells, the cells that line the inside of blood vessels, can no longer respond to inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines are necessary to induce the expression of cell adhesion molecules to allow leukocyte infiltration from the blood into the tissue at places of inflammation, such as a tumor. This condition, which protects the tumor from the immune system, is the result of exposure to angiogenic growth factors.

Next to endothelial cell anergy, there are more vascular mechanisms that contribute to escape from immunity, such as the expression of immune checkpoint molecules (e.g. PD-L1/2) and proteins that can deliver death signals in leukocytes (Fas ligand and galectin-1).

Endothelium
The endothelium (pl.: endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.

Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are called vascular endothelial cells whereas those in direct contact with lymph are known as lymphatic endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries.

These cells have unique functions that include fluid filtration, such as in the glomerulus of the kidney, blood vessel tone, hemostasis, neutrophil recruitment, and hormone trafficking. Endothelium of the interior surfaces of the heart chambers is called endocardium. An impaired function can lead to serious health issues throughout the body.
Normed vector lattice
In mathematics, specifically in order theory and functional analysis, a normed lattice is a topological vector lattice that is also a normed space whose unit ball is a solid set. 
Normed lattices are important in the theory of topological vector lattices. They are closely related to Banach vector lattices, which are normed vector lattices that are also Banach spaces.

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.
Seyed Reza Bahaadini
Seyed Reza Bahaadini (29 March 1908 – 19 July 1997) was an Iranian Shia jurist, teacher of ethics and practical mysticism. He was one of the disciples of Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi, Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari, Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Khansari and Hossein Borujerdi. His greatest occupation and fame was his public or private debates on Islamic ethics courses, which lasted until the last days of his life.

Husayn Burujardi
Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Ali Tabatabaei Borujerdi (Luri/Persian: آیت الله العظمی سید حسین طباطبایی بروجردی; 23 March 1875 – 30 March 1961) was an Iranian Twelver Shia cleric and marja' of Iran from 1947 to his death in 1961. He was a major proponent for the elimination of Baha'is in Iran.
Buckongahelas
Buckongahelas (c. 1720 – May 1805) together with Little Turtle and Blue Jacket, achieved the greatest victory won by Native Americans, killing 600. He was a regionally and nationally renowned Lenape chief, councilor and warrior. He was active from the days of the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) through the Northwest Indian Wars, after the United States achieved independence and settlers encroached on territory beyond the Appalachian Mountains and Ohio River. The chief led his Lenape band from present-day Delaware westward, eventually to the White River area, founding Muncie, Indiana.

Blue Jacket
Blue Jacket, or Weyapiersenwah (c. 1743 – 1810), was a war chief of the Shawnee people, known for his militant defense of Shawnee lands in the Ohio Country. Perhaps the preeminent American Indian leader in the Northwest Indian War, in which a pantribal confederacy fought several battles with the nascent United States, he was an important predecessor of the famous Shawnee leader Tecumseh.
1S-LSD
1S-LSD, also known as 1-(3-(trimethylsilyl)propionyl)-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the trimethylsilyl derivative of 1P-LSD and functions as a prodrug and functional analogue of LSD. 1S-LSD was developed in response to legal restrictions on similar compounds, such as 1D-LSD, which were banned in Germany under the NpSG law in June 2024.

The compound was introduced as a legal alternative by incorporating a trimethylsilyl group, which is not covered under current NpSG regulations. This chemical modification allows 1S-LSD to be legally sold in Germany as of September 2024. It is typically distributed in its hemi-D-tartrate form, a common format for lysergamides due to its stability and ease of use.

1P-LSD
1P-LSD, also known as 1-propionyl-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to LSD. It is an ester derivative of LSD and a homologue of ALD-52 (1A-LSD). The drug originated in 2015 when it appeared as a designer drug sold online. It was first synthesized as a legal LSD alternative by Lizard Labs, a Netherlands based research chemical laboratory. It modifies the LSD molecule by adding a propionyl group to the nitrogen atom of LSD's indole group and is a prodrug of LSD.
Thøgersen
Thøgersen is a Danish and Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Thøgersen (born 2000), Danish footballer

Frederikke Thøgersen (born 1995), Danish professional football player

Sofia Thøgersen (born 2005), Danish runner

Svein Thøgersen (born 1946), retired Norwegian rower

Thomas Thøgersen (born 1968), Danish former professional footballer

Thyge Thøgersen (1926–2016), Danish long-distance runner

Wilhelm Thøgersen (1913–2005), Norwegian politician for the Labour Party

Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation.
Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -sson,'datter'.
California State Route 245
State Route 245 (SR 245) is a north–south state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs from near Exeter to near Kings Canyon National Park. It connects State Route 198 in Tulare County to State Route 180 in Fresno County.  It runs through the city of Woodlake and the small unincorporated towns of Elderwood, Badger, and Pinehurst. Roughly 95 percent of SR 245 traverses rural areas. North of Avenue 364 in Tulare County, SR 245 is synonymous with Millwood Drive.

California State Route 198
State Route 198 (SR 198) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs from U.S. Route 101 (US 101) south of King City to Generals Highway in Sequoia National Park. It connects the California Central Coast to the mid–Central Valley through Hanford and Visalia, although the most developed portion is in the Central Valley itself. SR 198 intersects the major north–south routes in the Central Valley, including Interstate 5 (I-5), SR 33, and SR 99.

The highway that would become SR 198 was approved for construction in the 1910s through three bond issues, and was added to the state highway system in 1934. Parts of the highway were upgraded to freeway during the 1960s. Another portion was converted to an expressway in between Hanford and Visalia, and was completed in late 2012.
Pandemonium (band)
Pandemonium was an American heavy metal band from Fairbanks, Alaska, United States, that moved to Los Angeles, in the early 1980s. The band released three albums on Metal Blade Records, and was featured on the first Metal Massacre record with Metallica, Ratt, and Steeler. Lead singer Chris Resch died of a heart attack in 2007.

Ratt
Ratt (stylized as RATT) was an American glam metal band that had significant commercial success in the 1980s, with their albums having been certified as gold, platinum and multi-platinum by the RIAA. The group is perhaps best known for hit singles such as "Round and Round" and "Lay It Down", tracks that ranked on Billboard's top 40 at No. 12 and No. 40, respectively, as well as other songs such as "Wanted Man", "You're in Love" and "Dance". Along with bands such as friendly rivals Mötley Crüe, Ratt has been recognized as instrumental in the formation of the early 1980s Los Angeles glam metal scene, also known as "hair metal" or "pop metal".

The band toured and recorded sporadically from the 1990s to 2021 with many extended breaks and line-up changes. They released their final studio album, Infestation, in April 2010.

In 2020, Jeff Mezydlo of Yardbarker included them in his list of "the 20 greatest hair metal bands of all time".
Saul Rubinek
Saul Hersh Rubinek is a Canadian actor, director, producer, and playwright.

He is widely known for his television roles, notably Artie Nielsen on Warehouse 13, Donny Douglas on Frasier, Lon Cohen on A Nero Wolfe Mystery, and Louis B. Mayer on The Last Tycoon. He also starred in the films Against All Odds (1984), Wall Street (1987), The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990), Unforgiven (1992), Nixon (1995), True Romance (1993), The Express (2008), Barney's Version (2010), and The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018).

Rubinek is a five-time Genie Award nominee, winning Best Supporting Actor for Ticket to Heaven (1981), and a two-time Gemini Award nominee. His directorial film debut, Jerry and Tom (1998), was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival. He was previously a stage actor and director, working with the Stratford Shakespeare Festival and Theatre Passe Muraille, and co-founding the Canadian Stage Company.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor
The Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television presents an annual award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role to the best performance by a supporting actor in a Canadian film. The award was first presented in 1970 by the Canadian Film Awards, and was presented annually until 1978 with the exception of 1974 due to the cancellation of the awards that year.

From 1980 until 2012, the award was presented as part of the Genie Awards ceremony; since 2013, it has been presented as part of the new Canadian Screen Awards.

In August 2022, the Academy announced that it will discontinue its past practice of presenting gendered awards for film and television actors and actresses; beginning with the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023, gender-neutral awards for Best Performance will be presented, with eight nominees per category instead of five. Supporting performances are now honoured with the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Film.
Grey dune
Grey dunes are fixed, stable sand dunes that are covered by a continuous layer of herbaceous vegetation. These dunes are typically located 50–100 meters from the ocean shore and are found on the landward side of foredunes (also known as yellow dunes). Grey dunes are named for their characteristic grey color which is a result of the ground cover of lichen combined with a top soil layer of humus.

Foredune
A foredune is a  dune ridge that runs parallel to the shore of an ocean, lake, bay, or estuary. Foredunes consist of sand deposited by wind on a vegetated part of the shore. Foredunes can be classified generally as  incipient or established.
Springvale White Eagles FC
Springvale White Eagles Football Club is a semi-professional Australian soccer club based in Melbourne, Victoria currently playing in the Victorian Premier League 2. Founded by Serbian Australians, they play at the Serbian Sports Centre in Keysborough, Victoria.

They were founded in 1975 and were in the Victorian Premier League from 1997 to 1999, 2007 and 2011.

Victorian Premier League
The Victorian Premier League (VPL) is an Australian soccer league based in Victoria. It is administered by Football Victoria, covering the second-to-third-highest tiers in the Victorian soccer league system (and the third-to-fourth-highest nationally).

As of 2025, the VPL consists of two divisions (VPL 1 and VPL 2), with promotion from VPL 1 to the National Premier Leagues (NPL) and relegation from VPL 2 to the Victorian State League (VSL).
Memorial Stadium (Bristol)
The Memorial Stadium, also commonly known by its previous name of the Memorial Ground, is a sports ground in Bristol, England, and is the home of Bristol Rovers Football Club. It opened in 1921, dedicated to the memory of local rugby union players killed during the First World War and was the home of Bristol Rugby Club until they moved to Ashton Gate in 2014.

Ashton Gate (stadium)
Ashton Gate is a multi-use stadium in Ashton Gate, Bristol, England, and is the home of Bristol City F.C. and the Bristol Bears rugby union team. Located in the south-west of the city, just south of the River Avon, it currently has an all-seated capacity of  27,000.
X3: Terran Conflict
X3: Terran Conflict is a space trading and combat simulator by German developer Egosoft, part of their X series of games. Described as a stand-alone game, based on X3: Reunion, it boasts new plot lines, features and assets. It was first released in October 2008 for the European market and Steam.

X3: Reunion
X3: Reunion is a single-player space trading and combat video game developed by Egosoft and published by Deep Silver. It is the third installment in the X series and the sequel to X2: The Threat (2003), which in turn followed X: Beyond the Frontier (1999). X3: Reunion was released originally for Windows in 2005. The game was later ported to Mac OS X and Linux.

Egosoft have continued to expand and develop the game since release, adding new ships and equipment, a new kind of station, new modding tools, and a new series of missions. New material for the game – official and fan-made – is frequently released through Egosoft's official website.
Immirzi parameter
The Immirzi parameter (also known as the Barbero–Immirzi parameter) is a numerical coefficient appearing in loop quantum gravity (LQG), a nonperturbative theory of quantum gravity. The Immirzi parameter measures the size of the quantum of area in Planck units. As a result, its value is currently fixed by matching the semiclassical black hole entropy, as calculated by Stephen Hawking, and the counting of microstates in loop quantum gravity.

Black hole thermodynamics
In physics, black hole thermodynamics is a set of physical relationships between the properties of black holes that stands in direct relationship to classical laws of thermodynamics.: 442  The equivalence is developed by replacing entropy with black hole horizon area and replacing temperature with black hole horizon surface gravity. Having temperature implies that a black hole must emit radiation, that is, Hawking radiation.: 426

There is no known way to verify black hole thermodynamics; it is the most widely accepted physical model that combines general relativity, quantum field theory, and thermodynamics, though Hawking's area law has already been tested by analyzing gravitational waves.
Triumph Vitesse
The Triumph Vitesse is a compact six-cylinder car built by Standard-Triumph from 1962 to 1971. The car was based on the Giovanni Michelotti designed Herald and was available in saloon and convertible variants.

After the initial launch in 1962, the 2.0-litre was launched in 1966 and was improved in 1968 and was sold as the Mk2.

The Vitesse name was first used by Austin in the 1914 to 1916 Austin 20 hp and 30 hp Vitesse models. This was followed in 1922 by G. N.(Godfrey & Nash) on their GN Vitesse Cycle-car, and then by Triumph on a car made from 1935–1938.

After the last Triumph Vitesse was made in 1971, the Vitesse name remained unused until 1982 when Rover began to use the name on their more sporting models including the SD1, the 216, and finally on the Rover 800 until 1998.

Convertible
A convertible or cabriolet (/ˌkæbrioʊˈleɪ/) is a passenger car that can be driven with or without a roof in place. The methods of retracting and storing the roof vary across eras and manufacturers.

A convertible car's design allows an open-air driving experience, with the ability to provide a roof when required. A potential drawback of convertibles is their reduced structural rigidity (requiring significant engineering and modification to counteract the side effects of almost completely removing a car's roof).

The majority of convertible roofs are of a folding construction framework with the actual top made from cloth or other fabric. Other types of convertible roofs include retractable hardtops (often constructed from metal or plastic) and detachable hardtops (where a metal or plastic roof is manually removed and often stored in the trunk).
Charles Flanagan
Charles Flanagan (born 1 November 1956) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Justice and Equality from 2017 to 2020, Chair of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence from 2020 to 2024, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade from 2014 to 2017, Minister for Children and Youth Affairs from May to July 2014 and Chair of the Fine Gael parliamentary party from 2011 to 2014. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for Laois–Offaly from 2020 to 2024, and previously from 1987 to 2002, 2007 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2020 for the Laois constituency.

Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration
The Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration (Irish: An tAire Dlí agus Cirt, Gnóthaí Baile agus Imirce) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration. The Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration has overall responsibility for law and order in Ireland.

The Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration since January 2025 is Jim O'Callaghan, TD.

He is assisted by two Ministers of State:

Niall Collins, TD – Minister of State for International law, law reform and youth justice

Colm Brophy, TD – Minister of State for Migration