hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flowstone
Flowstones are sheetlike deposits of calcite or other carbonate minerals, formed where water flows down the walls or along the floors of a cave. They are typically found in "solution caves", in limestone, where they are the most common speleothem. However, they may form in any type of cave where water enters that has picked up dissolved minerals. Flowstones are formed via the degassing of vadose percolation waters.

Flowstone may also form on manmade structures as a result of calcium hydroxide being leached from  concrete, lime or mortar. These secondary deposits created outside the cave environment, which mimic the shapes and forms of speleothems, are classified as "calthemites" and are associated with concrete degradation.

Calthemite
Calthemite is a secondary deposit, derived from concrete, lime, mortar or other calcareous material outside the cave environment. Calthemites grow on or under man-made structures and mimic the shapes and forms of cave speleothems, such as  stalactites, stalagmites, flowstone etc. Calthemite is derived from the Latin calx (genitive calcis) "lime" + Latin < Greek théma, "deposit" meaning ‘something laid down’, (also Mediaeval Latin thema, "deposit") and the Latin –ita < Greek -itēs – used as a suffix indicating a mineral or rock. The term "speleothem", due to its definition (spēlaion "cave" + théma "deposit" in ancient Greek) can only be used to describe secondary deposits in caves and does not include secondary deposits outside the cave environment.
Larry Stutts
Larry Collins Stutts (born May 1954) is a member of the Alabama Senate. He represents the 6th district, which includes Colbert, Franklin, and part of Limestone counties. He was first elected in 2014, beating incumbent Roger Bedford Jr.

Roger Bedford Jr.
Roger Hugh Bedford Jr. (July 2, 1956 – October 10, 2023) was an American lawyer and politician from Alabama. He was a Democratic member of the Alabama Senate, where he represented the 6th District from 1994 to 2014. He previously served from 1982 to 1990.
Kimberley, New Zealand
Kimberley is a rural area in the Selwyn District of the South Island of New Zealand. It is 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of the outskirts of Christchurch and directly north of Darfield.  It consists of an old hall, a cemetery and arable and sheep farming land.

A magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurred south of Kimberley at 4:35 am on 4 September 2010, causing widespread damage to buildings in the districts of Selwyn, Christchurch and Waimakariri.

Selwyn District
Selwyn District is a predominantly rural district in central Canterbury, on the east coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is named after the Selwyn River / Waikirikiri, which is in turn named after Bishop George Selwyn, the first Anglican bishop of New Zealand who, in 1843 and 1844, travelled the length of the country by horse, foot, boat and canoe, leaving in his wake a sprinkling of locations that now bear his name.

As of the 2023 census, Selwyn District is the fastest-growing territorial authority in New Zealand, with a population increase of 29% over the prior five years.
Investment center
An investment center is a classification used for business units within an enterprise.
The essential element of an investment center is that it is treated as a unit which is measured against its use of capital, as opposed to a cost or profit center, which are measured against raw costs or profits.

The Investment Center takes care of Revenues, Cost and Assets, while a Profit Center deals with revenues and costs and Cost Centers with costs only.  This is a clear sign of how the span of control and span of accountability grow from Cost Centers to Investment ones.

The advantage of this form of measurement is that it tends to be more encompassing, since it accounts for all uses of capital.  It is susceptible to manipulation by managers with a short term focus, or by manipulating the hurdle rate used to evaluate divisions.

Cost centre
A cost centre is an activity within a business to which costs can be apportioned or allocated. The term includes departments which do not produce directly but they incur costs to the business, when the manager and employees of the cost centre are not accountable for the profitability and investment decisions of the business but they are responsible for some of its costs.
Ranchi–Godda Intercity Express
The 18619 / 20 Ranchi–Godda Intercity Express is a Mail/Express train belonging to Indian Railways South Eastern Railway zone that runs between Ranchi and Godda in India.

It operates as train number 18619 from Ranchi to Godda and as train number 18620 in the reverse direction serving the states of Jharkhand & West Bengal.

Ranchi Junction railway station
Ranchi Junction railway station (station code: RNC) is the NSG-2 category railway station serving the capital city of Ranchi in the Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi station is also the headquarters of the Ranchi division of the South Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. The Ranchi Junction railway station is connected to most of the major cities in India by the railway network.

Ranchi has trains running to Delhi, Kolkata, Dhanbad, Varanasi, Rourkela, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kamakhya, Deoghar, Bhagalpur, Jammu, Surat, Eranakulam and Patna. The city is a major railway hub and has four major stations: Ranchi Junction, Hatia, Tatisilwai and Namkon. It is one of the top hundred booking stations.

The total number of trains that pass through Ranchi (RNC) junction is 120.
Toypurina
Toypurina (1760–1799) was a Kizh medicine woman from the Jachivit village. She is notable for her opposition to the colonial rule by Spanish missionaries in California, and for her part in the planned 1785 rebellion against the Mission San Gabriel. She recruited six of the eight villages whose men participated in the attack.

Kizh
The Kizh or Kit’c (/kiːtʃ/ KEETCH) are an Indigenous people of California, the historically and ethnographically documented lineal descendants of the Mission Indians of San Gabriel. They belong to a group commonly known by the Spanish name Gabrieleño.

The name Kizh is a shortened version of the first name used to represent all of the Gabrieleño-speaking People of the Los Angeles Basin, Kichereno, which "is not a place name, but a tribe name, the name of a kind of people." (Harrington 1986: R129 F345; cited in McCawley 1996, 43).

The name Kizh is derived from a reference by a Canadian ethnologist to one of the numerous villages in the Los Angeles Basin from records at Mission Viejas, Kizheriños (The People of the Willow Houses). Hugo Reid documented at least 28 Gabrielino villages.
Duchers
The Duchers (Russian: дючеры  or дучеры) was the Russian name of the people populating the shores of the middle course of the Amur River, approximately from the mouth of the Zeya down to the mouth of the Ussuri, and possibly even somewhat further downstream. Their ethnic identity is not known with certainty, but it is usually assumed that they were a Tungusic people, related to the Jurchens and/or the Nanais.

The name of this ethnic group is sometimes also written in English as "Jucher".

Nanai people
The Nanai people (Russian: нанайцы, romanized: nanaitsy) are a Tungusic people of East Asia who have traditionally lived along the Amur (Heilongjiang), Songhua (Sunggari) and Ussuri (Wusuli) rivers on the Middle Amur Basin. The ancestors of the Nanai were the Wild Jurchens of northernmost Manchuria, which is now the region of Outer Manchuria in Russia's Far Eastern Federal District.

The Nanai language belongs to the Manchu-Tungusic family. According to the 2010 census there were 12,003 Nanai in Russia.
Abdul Khaliq Sambhali
Abdul Khaliq Sambhali (4 January 1950 – 30 July 2021) was an Indian Muslim scholar and writer who served as the vice-rector of Darul Uloom Deoband. He was an alumnus of the Deoband seminary and had studied with scholars including Mahmood Hasan Gangohi, Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi and Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad. He translated Abdul Majeed al-Zindani's Al-Tawḥīd into Urdu and gave religious discourses criticizing the Maududism.

Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad
Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad (1889-1972) was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar and jurist who served as the Principal of Madrasa Shahi, and the sixth President of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. He was a professor of hadith at the Darul Uloom Deoband.
KLNZ
KLNZ (103.5 FM, "La Tricolor 103.5") is a commercial radio station serving the Phoenix metropolitan area.  It is owned by Entravision Communications and is licensed to the nearby suburb of Glendale.  It broadcasts a regional Mexican radio format, primarily from Entravision's California-based "Radio Tricolor" network. (Tricolor refers to the three colors on the Flag of Mexico.) The studios are near Sky Harbor Airport.

KLNZ is a Class C station.  It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 48,000 watts.  The transmitter is off North Tower Road in Buckeye among the White Tank Mountains.  KLNZ broadcasts using HD Radio technology.  Its HD2 digital subchannel rebroadcasts sister station 107.1 KVVA-FM's Spanish Adult Hits format.

Entravision Communications
Entravision Communications Corporation is an American media company based in Santa Monica, California. Entravision primarily caters to the Spanish-speaking Hispanic and Latino community and owns television and radio stations and outdoor media, in several of the top Hispanic and Latino markets. It is the largest affiliate group of the Univision and UniMás television networks. Entravision also owns a small number of English-language television and radio stations.
2011–12 Primeira Liga
The 2011–12 Primeira Liga (also known as Liga ZON Sagres for sponsorship reasons) was the 78th season of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. It began on 14 August 2011 and ended on 13 May 2012. A total of 16 teams contested the league, 14 of which already took part in the previous season and two of which were promoted from the Liga de Honra. Porto were the defending champions and secured their 26th and second consecutive league title. Óscar Cardozo and Lima, respectively Benfica's and Braga's strikers, were the joint top scorers with 20 goals.

2010–11 Primeira Liga
The 2010–11 Primeira Liga (also known as Liga ZON Sagres for sponsorship reasons) was the 77th season of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. It began on 15 August 2010 and ended on 14 May 2011. A total of 16 teams contested the league, 14 of which already took part in the previous season and two of which were promoted from the Liga de Honra. Benfica were the defending champions but finished runners-up to Porto, who won their 25th league title in the club's first-ever unbeaten season. Porto's forward Hulk was the top scorer with 23 goals.
Friesenplatz station
Friesenplatz is an underground station and hub on the Cologne Stadtbahn lines 3, 4, 5, 12 and 15 in Cologne. The station lies on the Cologne Ring, at the corner of the Friesenplatz, in the district of Innenstadt.

The station was opened in 1985 and consists of a mezzanine and two platform levels with four side platforms and four rail tracks. The upper platform level, served by lines 3, 4 and 5, is part of the Innenstadt tunnel (English: inner city tunnel), while the lower platform level, served by lines 12 and 15 is part of the Ring tunnel.

Cologne Ring
The Cologne Ring (known in German as: Kölner Ringe) is a semi-circular, some 6 km long urban boulevard in Innenstadt, Cologne and the city's busiest and most prominent street system. The Cologne Ring is a four lane street and part of Bundesstraße 9.

The ring road encircles the old town of Cologne on its southern, western and northern boundaries on the site of the former medieval city wall. It divides Innenstadt into old town (Altstadt) east of it and new town (Neustadt) west of it. Most of the city wall has been worked away during the 1880s and only few sections of the wall exist today at Hansaring and Sachsenring. Of the once twelve medieval city gates, only the Eigelsteintorburg at Ebertplatz, the Hahnentor at Rudolfplatz and the Severinstorburg at Chlodwigplatz still stand today.
Casals Forum
Casals Forum is the concert hall for chamber music of the Kronberg Academy in Kronberg im Taunus, Hesse, Germany. Designed by Volker Staab from Berlin, building started in 2017 and the hall opened in 2022. It is named in honour of the cellist Pablo Casals. The complex includes rooms for teaching and practising for the students of the academy. Per the requests from the acoustic engineer, the architect designed the hall in a free form with curved convex and concave walls, to spread the sound widely. The acoustics have been compared to those of the hall of the Curtis Institute of Music and Wigmore Hall in London.

Kronberg im Taunus
Kronberg im Taunus (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁoːnˌbɛʁk ʔɪm ˈtaʊnʊs] ⓘ, lit. 'Kronberg in the Taunus') is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district, Hesse, Germany and part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. Before 1866, it was in the Duchy of Nassau; in that year the whole Duchy was absorbed into Prussia. Kronberg lies at the foot of the Taunus, flanked in the north and southwest by forests. A mineral water spring also rises in the town.
Berlin Westkreuz station
Berlin Westkreuz (literally "Berlin West Cross") is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn lines S3, S41, S42, S46, S5, S7 and S9 and so represents a major interchange point on the Berlin S-Bahn network. It lies at the opposite end of the Stadtbahn to Ostkreuz and is one of the four main stations on the Ringbahn (circle line).

S-Bahn lines run from Westkreuz station in five directions: via the Berlin–Blankenheim railway to Wannsee and Potsdam, via the Spandau Suburban Line to Olympiastadion and Spandau, via the Ringbahn to Westend or Halensee and via the Stadtbahn to the city centre.

Operationally, the station is made up of two independent operating points. The lower part is run as Berlin Westkreuz (Stadtbahn) station, abbreviated as BWKS, while the upper is run as Berlin Westkreuz (Ringbahn) station, abbreviated as BWKRR.

Berlin-Westend station
Westend is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. It is located on the Ringbahn circle line, served by the S-Bahn lines S41, S42 and S46. It is named after the Westend locality, which is immediately adjacent to the station grounds. The entire station area was opened—as Charlottenburg-Westend—in several stages from 15 November 1877, but it has since been reduced to an S-Bahn platform and a pair of long-distance tracks. The station was closed temporarily in 1980 because of the S-Bahn strike. A platform on the Ringbahn was reopened in 1993 for S-Bahn traffic. The restoration of all of the station infrastructure is not planned.
ATC code A07
ATC code A07 Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup A07 is part of the anatomical group A Alimentary tract and metabolism.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QA07. ATCvet codes without corresponding human ATC codes are cited with the leading Q in the following list.National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.

Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. Its purpose is an aid to monitor drug use and for research to improve quality medication use. It does not imply drug recommendation or efficacy. It is controlled by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC), and was first published in 1976.
To each according to his contribution
"To each according to his contribution" is a principle of distribution considered to be one of the defining features of socialism. It refers to an arrangement whereby individual compensation is representative of one's contribution to the social product (total output of the economy) in terms of effort, labor and productivity. This is in contrast to the method of distribution and compensation in capitalism, an economic and political system in which property owners can receive income by virtue of ownership irrespective of their contribution to the social product.

The concept formed the basic definition of socialism for its pre-Marxist proponents, including Ricardian socialists, classical economists, collectivist anarchists and individualist anarchists, as well as for Marx, who contrasted it with "to each according to his need" as the corresponding principle of completed communism.

Pre-Marx socialists
While Marxism had a significant impact on socialist thought, pre-Marxist thinkers (before Marx wrote on the subject) have advocated socialism in forms both similar and in stark contrast to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' conception of socialism, advocating some form of collective ownership over large-scale production, worker-management within the workplace, or in some cases a form of planned economy.
PPM Star Catalogue
The PPM Star Catalogue (Positions and Proper Motions Star Catalogue) is the successor of the SAO Catalogue. It contains precise positions and proper motions of 378,910 stars on the whole sky in the J2000/FK5 coordinate system. 
It is designed to represent as closely as possible the IAU (1976) coordinate system on the sky, as defined by the FK5 star catalogue. Thus, the PPM is an extension of the FK5 system to higher star densities and fainter magnitudes.

Catalogues of Fundamental Stars
The Catalogue of Fundamental Stars is a series of six astrometric catalogues of high precision positional data for a small selection of stars to define a celestial reference frame, which is a standard coordinate system for measuring positions of stars.
Karelian Proper language
Karelian Proper (Karelian Proper: varšinaiskarjala, varzinkarjala) is a supradialect of the Karelian language, which is a Finnic language. Karelian Proper is one of two or three Karelian dialects, along with Livvi-Karelian and Ludic. Karelian Proper is a direct descendent of the Old Karelian language, compared to Livvi-Karelian and Ludian supradialects which were formed through interactions between the Old Karelian and the Old Veps languages. Karelian Proper is situated in all of White Karelia and Central Karelia (parts of Olonets Karelia).

Livvi-Karelian language
Livvi-Karelian (Alternate names: Liygi, Livvi, Livvikovian, Olonets, Southern Olonetsian, Karelian; Russian: ливвиковское наречие, romanized: livvikovskoye narechiye) is a supradialect of Karelian, which is a Finnic language of the Uralic family, spoken by Olonets Karelians (self-appellation livvi, livgilaizet), traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River.

The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, Olonets Krai, named after the town of Olonets, named after the Olonka River.
Convent (Mesa)
Convent Mesa, or The Convent, or simply Convent, are alternative names for a 5,955-foot elevation sandstone summit in Grand County of Utah, United States. The Convent is located in Professor Valley, near the city of Moab. It is situated northeast of Parriott Mesa and southwest of the Fisher Towers area. The Convent is a 1,000 feet wide, and 3,000 feet long northwest-to-southeast trending butte with 400-ft vertical Wingate Sandstone walls. The nearest higher peak is Sister Superior (6,037 ft), 0.91 miles (1.46 km) to the southeast. Further southeast along the connecting ridge are The Rectory and Castleton Tower. Precipitation runoff from The Convent drains into the nearby Colorado River. The first ascent of Convent was made in November 1965 by Harvey Carter and Steve Miller via the Salvation Chimney climbing route.

Parriott Mesa
Parriott Mesa is a 6,155-foot-elevation sandstone summit in Grand County of Utah, United States. Parriott Mesa is located at Castle Valley, Utah, near the city of Moab. The name honors Dale M. Parriott (1885–1958), who was a Moab settler, and owned a ranch house in Castle Valley. Parriott Mesa is a thin 0.4 mile wide, and 1.5 mile long north-to-south mesa with 400 ft vertical Wingate Sandstone walls. Precipitation runoff from the mesa drains into the Colorado River which is about a mile away. The nearest higher peak is The Priest, 1.76 miles (2.83 km) to the east.
Antoine Roney
Antoine Roney (born April 1, 1963, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American tenor saxophonist, brother to trumpeter Wallace Roney.

He attended the Duke Ellington School of the Arts and the Hartt School of Music of the University of Hartford.

His first album, The Traveler, was recorded in 1992 and released by Muse Records. Some of the tracks were with pianist Jacky Terrasson, bassist Dwayne Burno, and drummer Louis Hayes; saxophonist and flautist James Spaulding was added for the other tracks. "After a few years of extensive touring, Roney issued his sophomore recording, Whirling, in 1996."

James Spaulding
James Ralph Spaulding Jr. (was born July 30, 1937) is an American jazz saxophonist and flutist.

Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, United states, Spaulding attended the Chicago Cosmopolitan School of Music. Between 1957 and 1961, he was a member of Sun Ra's band. In the 1960s, he worked as a studio musician at Blue Note Records, recording with Wayne Shorter, Horace Silver, and Stanley Turrentine. He was also a member of Freddie Hubbard's quintet and the World Saxophone Quartet.

He went on to work with some post-bop musicians such as Max Roach, Randy Weston and Woody Shaw. Under the leadership of Mercer Ellington, in the 1970s, Spaulding played in the Duke Ellington Orchestra.  In the 1980s, Spaulding worked with Ricky Ford and, as part of an octet, with David Murray.
Louisiana's congressional districts
The U.S. state of Louisiana currently has six congressional districts. The state has had as many as eight districts; the eighth district was eliminated on January 9, 1993 after results of the 1990 census, and the seventh district was eliminated in 2013, following results of the 2010 census, largely because of people moving interstate after  Hurricane Katrina hit the state.

Louisiana's 7th congressional district
Louisiana's 7th congressional district was a congressional district in the U.S. state of Louisiana located in the southwestern part of the state. It last contained the cities of Crowley, Eunice, Jennings, Lafayette, Lake Charles, Opelousas, Sulphur and Ville Platte.

The district became obsolete for the 113th Congress in 2013 as Louisiana had lost a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives redistricting based upon results from the 2010 census post Hurricane Katrina population losses in the state. Most of the territory in this district became the 3rd district.
Administrative divisions of Riga
The administrative divisions of Riga consists of six administrative entities: Central District, Kurzeme District, Latgale Suburb, Northern District, Vidzeme Suburb and Zemgale Suburb. Three entities were established 1 September 1941, and another three were established in October 1969. There are no official lower level administrative units, but the Riga City Council Development Agency is working on a plan, which when officially confirmed, will mean that Riga will consist of 58 neighbourhoods. The current names were confirmed 28 December 1990.

Kurzeme District, Riga
Kurzeme District (Latvian: Kurzemes rajons) is one of six administrative districts of Riga, the capital of Latvia.

Kurzeme is the Latvian name for Courland, a historical and cultural region of Latvia.

56°59′48″N 24°01′45″E﻿ / ﻿56.996623°N 24.029045°E﻿ / 56.996623; 24.029045