hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kan–Thurston theorem
In mathematics, particularly algebraic topology, the Kan–Thurston theorem associates a discrete group  to every path-connected topological space  in such a way that the group cohomology of  is the same as the cohomology of the space .  The group  might then be regarded as a good approximation to the space , and consequently the theorem is sometimes interpreted to mean that homotopy theory can be viewed as part of group theory.

More precisely, the theorem states that every path-connected topological space is homology-equivalent to the classifying space  of a discrete group , where homology-equivalent means there is a map  inducing an isomorphism on homology.

The theorem is attributed to Daniel Kan and William Thurston who published their result in 1976.

William Thurston
William Paul Thurston (October 30, 1946 – August 21, 2012) was an American mathematician. He was a pioneer in the field of low-dimensional topology and was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982 for his contributions to the study of 3-manifolds.

Thurston was a professor of mathematics at Princeton University, University of California, Davis, and Cornell University. He was also a director of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute.
Joe Brawner
Joe Brawner is an American former basketball player. He played college basketball for the North Carolina A&T Aggies and Winston-Salem State Rams. Brawner was the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Player of the Year as a sophomore with the Aggies in 1979.

Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year
The Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year is an annual award given to the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference's (MEAC) most outstanding player. The award was first given following the 1971–72 season. There has never been a tie for co-player of the year in the award's history, nor has there been a national player of the year. Two players have been named the MEAC Player of the Year three times: Marvin Webster of Morgan State (1973–75) and Joe Binion of North Carolina A&T (1982–84). The school with the most all-time honorees is North Carolina A&T, now a member of the Big South Conference, which has had nine winners, but its last award before its 2021 departure was in 1988. Among current members, Coppin State and Norfolk State have the most recipients with eight each. The only current member of the MEAC without a winner is Maryland Eastern Shore.
Tobias Vibe
Tobias Nygård Vibe (born 19 August 1990) is a Norwegian footballer who plays for Ulfstind as a defender.

Vibe became playing assistant coach of IL Ulfstind in 2023 before taking over as player-manager for the 2025 season.

IL Ulfstind
Idrettslaget Ulfstind is a Norwegian sports club from Tromsø, Troms. It has sections for association football and skiing

It was founded as a sports section of UL Ulfstind on 2 April 1966, and IL Ulfstind became a separate entity on 10 January 1981. In 1992 it incorporated the club UL Samhug.

The men's football team currently plays in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football. It last played in the Norwegian Second Division in 1998.
Outline of golf
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to golf:

Golf – precision club and ball sport, in which competing players (or golfers) use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest strokes.

Golf ball
A golf ball is a ball designed to be used in golf. Under the rules of golf, a golf ball has a mass no more than 1.620 oz (45.93 g), has a diameter not less than 1.680 inches (42.67 mm), and performs within specified velocity, distance, and symmetry limits. Like golf clubs, golf balls are subject to testing and approval by The R&A (formerly part of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews) and the United States Golf Association, and those that do not conform with regulations may not be used in competitions (Rule 5–1).
Eau Gallie Causeway
The Eau Gallie Causeway connects Eau Gallie, Florida (which merged with Melbourne in 1969), with SR A1A near Indian Harbour Beach, across the Indian River Lagoon. Located entirely within the Melbourne city limits, the causeway consists of a main bridge crossing over the Intracoastal Waterway and a relief bridge. The bridge is a key link in SR 518, Eau Gallie Boulevard, of which the causeway is a part.

Indian River Lagoon
The Indian River Lagoon is a grouping of three lagoons: the Mosquito Lagoon, the Banana River, and the Indian River, on the Atlantic Coast of Florida; one of the most biodiverse estuaries in the Northern Hemisphere and is home to more than 4,300 species of plants and animals.

The Lagoon contains five state parks, four federal wildlife refuges and a national seashore. The Lagoon varies in width from 0.5 to 5 miles (0.80 to 8.05 km) and averages 4 feet (1.2 m) in depth.
XB Browser
xB Browser (formerly known as TorPark and Xerobank browser ) was a web browser designed to run on both the Tor and XeroBank anonymity networks, and is available as component of the xB Machine and the xB Installer.

It is designed for use on portable media such as a USB flash drive, but it can also be used on any hard disk drive. As such, a secure and encrypted connection to any of the Tor or XeroBank routers can be created from any computer with a suitable Internet connection, and the browser clears all data that was created on the portable drive upon exit or on demand.

In 2007, TorPark was rebranded as xB Browser. At the time, it claimed 4 million downloads, increasing to over 6.5 million by February 2008.

Tor (network)
Tor is a free overlay network for enabling anonymous communication. It is built on free and open-source software run by over seven thousand volunteer-operated relays worldwide, as well as by millions of users who route their internet traffic via random paths through these relays. This technique is called onion routing.

Using Tor makes it more difficult to trace a user's internet activity by preventing any single point on the internet (other than the user's device) from being able to view both where traffic originated from and where it is ultimately going to at the same time. This conceals a user's location and usage from anyone performing network surveillance or traffic analysis from any such point, protecting the user's freedom and ability to communicate confidentially.
The Surrender of Granada
La rendición de Granada (English:The Surrender of Granada) is a work by the Spanish painter Francisco Pradilla Ortiz completed in 1882, which is located in the Conference Room or Salón de los Pasos Perdidos of the Spanish Senate Palace.

This large (3.3 meters high by 5.5 meters wide) oil on canvas depicts the surrender of Boabdil, last ruler of the Emirate of Granada, to Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille on 2 January 1492, thus marking the end of the Reconquista.

Muhammad XII of Granada
Abu Abdallah Muhammad XII (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد الثاني عشر, romanized: Abū ʿAbdi-llāh Muḥammad ath-thānī ʿashar; c. 1460–1533), known in Europe as Boabdil, was the 22nd and last Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada in Iberia.
Field hockey at the 2003 Pan American Games – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2003 Pan American Games was held between 2–13 August 2003 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The tournament doubled as the qualification to the 2004 Summer Olympics to be held in Athens, Greece.

Argentina won the tournament for the seven time after defeating Canada 1–0. Cuba won the bronze medal after defeating Chile 6–2 in the third place playoff.

Field hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics was the 20th edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over a thirteen-day period beginning on 15 August, and culminating with the medal finals on 27 August. All games were played at the hockey centre within the Hellinikon Olympic Complex in Athens, Greece.

Australia won the gold medal for the first time after defeating defending champions the Netherlands 2–1 in the final. Germany won the bronze medal by defeating Spain 4–3. Pakistan's Sohail Abbas was the top scorer of the tournament, netting 11 goals.
Kay de Wolf
Kay de Wolf (born 29 September 2004) is a Dutch professional Motocross racer. He’s competed in the Motocross World Championships since 2021. He was the 2024 MX2 World Champion.

He won his first Grand Prix in Latvia in 2023 and has represented Netherlands three times at the Motocross des Nations. de Wolf's most recent appearance at the event was in 2025. In the 2024 edition he was part of the team that finished third overall. In addition, he won his individual class overall at both the 2024 and 2025 events.

Domestically, he is a two-time champion in the Dutch Masters of Motocross series.

2025 Motocross des Nations
The 2025 Motocross des Nations was a Motocross race held on 4 and 5 October 2025 at Ironman Raceway.

This was the first time that the track near Crawfordsville, Indiana held the event and the sixth time that the event took place in the United States.

Australia went into the event as the reigning champions, after taking their first victory at the 2024 edition. Fielding the same team from the previous edition, the Australians were able to successfully defend their title.
Anselmus Kludze
Anselmus Kodzo Paaku Kludze (1934 – 5 October 2013) was a Ghanaian lawyer, author and academic who served as a judge for the Supreme Court of Ghana and was also a professor.
He was an Emeritus Professor of law at Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey, United States, a chairman of the Law Reform Commission of Ghana, a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences and a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, London.

Supreme Court of Ghana
The Supreme Court of Ghana is the highest judicial body in Ghana. Ghana's 1992 constitution guarantees the independence and separation of the Judiciary from the Legislative and the Executive arms of government.

The Supreme Court of Ghana has the final say on legal matters and can overturn lower court decisions. The Court consists of nine justices and hears cases on a wide range of issues, including criminal law, civil law, and administrative law.
Per Kristian Skulberg
Per Kristian Skulberg (born 13 January 1951) is a Norwegian physician and politician. As former State Secretary in  the Norwegian Ministry of Environment and in the Norwegian Ministry of Culture he has contributed within the field of heritage interpretation as basis for improved environmental management.

Ministry of Climate and Environment (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment (Norwegian: Klima- og miljødepartementet, KLD) is a Norwegian ministry established on 8 May 1972. The Ministry of Climate and Environment has a particular responsibility for carrying out the climate and environmental policies of the Government. Before 2014 the name was Ministry of the Environment (Norwegian: Miljøverndepartementet).

It is led by the Minister of Climate and Environment, currently Andreas Bjelland Eriksen (Labour Party) since 2023. The ministry reports to the legislature (Storting).
Thomas Roach (mayor)
Thomas M. Roach Jr. (born September 19, 1961) is an American politician and attorney serving as mayor of White Plains, New York. He took office as acting mayor in February 2011 following the resignation of former Mayor Adam Bradley. Roach won a March 2011 special election held to fill the remainder of Bradley's term.

White Plains, New York
White Plains is a city in and the county seat of Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, and a commercial hub of Westchester County, a densely populated suburban county that is home to about one million people. White Plains is located in south-central Westchester County. Its downtown (Mamaroneck Avenue) is 25 miles (40 km) north of Midtown Manhattan.

The city's total population was 59,599 in the 2020 census, up from 53,077 at the 2010 census. According to the city government, the daytime weekday population is estimated at 250,000.
Devnarayan Ki Phad
Devnarayan Ki Par or Devnarayan Ki Phad

(Rajasthani:देवनारायण  की फड़) are cloth paintings which depict the legend of Devnarayan, a medieval hero venerated as a folk-deity. Traditionally, they are used to accompany a ritual in which the heroic deeds of Devnarayan are sung or recited by priests. Devnarayan is worshipped as an incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu, mostly in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. According to the legend, he was incarnated in Vikram Samvat in 968 as the son of Sawai Bhoj Bagaravat and his wife Saadu Maata

Devnarayan Ki Par contains 335 songs in all. The entire narration, recorded in 1,200 foolscap pages, runs nearly 15,000 verse lines. A professional Bhopa must remember all these songs by heart.

Devnarayan
Devnarayan is a folk deity from Rajasthan, India. He was an incarnation of Vishnu and he is worshipped mostly in Rajasthan and north-western Madhya Pradesh. According to tradition, he was born to Sri Savai Bhoj and Sadu mata on the seventh day of the bright half (shukla saptami) of the month of Maagh in the Hindu Calendar in Vikram Samvat 1243 AD.According to one view historical Devnarayan belonged to 10th century of Vikram Samvat, according another view, he lived in between 1200-1400 (Vikram Samvat era). The first view appears nearer to truth.

The epic of Devnarayan is one of the longest and most popular religious oral narratives of Rajasthan. The epic of Devnarayan has been classified under the category of martial epics.
Westfalen Garrison
Westfalen Garrison is a major British garrison with facilities located in Paderborn, Sennelager and Gütersloh in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany which now forms the major part of British Forces Germany. It was the home of 20th Armoured Brigade and most of its subordinate units. Headquarters Westfalen Garrison is based at Antwerp Barracks in Sennelager.

Gütersloh
Gütersloh (German pronunciation: [ˈɡyːtɐsloː] ⓘ; Low German: Gütsel) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the region of Ostwestfalen-Lippe and the administrative region of Detmold. Gütersloh is the administrative centre for a district of the same name and has a population of 102,464 people.
Apple Island (Michigan)
Apple Island is a 35-acre (140,000 m2) island that lies in the middle of Orchard Lake, in Orchard Lake Village, Michigan. The island was formed during the region's last ice age, 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Over 400 species of flora currently inhabit the island, including many rare varieties in Oakland County. Native Americans previously inhabited Apple Island, until ceding the island to the United States in the Treaty of Detroit. Currently, the West Bloomfield School District uses the island as an educational nature center.

West Bloomfield School District
The West Bloomfield School District is a public school district in Metro Detroit in the U.S. state of Michigan, serving portions of West Bloomfield and Sylvan Lake, all of Keego Harbor, and most of Orchard Lake Village.
Surajpal Singh
Surajpal Singh is an Indian politician and a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of India. He represents the Fatehpur Sikri constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party political party.

Fatehpur Sikri Assembly constituency
Fatehpur Sikri Assembly constituency (Hindi pronunciation: [ˈfətɛɦpʊɾ ˈsiːkɾiː]) is one of the  403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India.  It is a part of the Agra district and one of the five  assembly constituencies in the Fatehpur Sikri Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 91.
The Uses of Disorder
The Uses of Disorder: Personal Identity and City Life is a 1970 book on the virtues of diversified communities written by Richard Sennett and published by Knopf. It was Sennett's first book, and is divided into two parts: the first analyzes the causes of stagnant and over-ordered communities, while the second contains Sennett's proposed solution.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Ernest Halliwell
Ernest Austin "Barberton" Halliwell (7 September 1864 – 2 October 1919) was a first-class cricketer, who played eight Test matches for South Africa between 1892 and 1902, including three as captain. He played as a wicket-keeper, and was the first to put raw steaks inside his gloves to protect his hands. At his peak, he was considered one of the best wicket-keepers in the world, and was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1905. He was particularly praised for standing close to the wickets, even against fast bowlers.

Steak
A steak is a cut of meat sliced across muscle fibers, sometimes including a bone. It is normally grilled or fried, and can be diced or cooked in sauce.

Steaks are most commonly cut from cattle (beefsteak), but can also be cut from bison, buffalo, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, turkey, and deer, as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large fish such as swordfish, shark, and marlin. Some cured meat, such as gammon, is commonly served as steak. Some cuts are categorized as steaks not because they are cut across the muscle fibers, but because they are relatively thin and cooked over a grill, such as skirt steak and flank steak.

Grilled portobello mushroom may be called mushroom steak, and similarly for other vegetarian dishes. Imitation steak is a food product that is formed into a steak shape from various pieces of meat. Grilled fruits such as watermelon have been used as vegetarian steak alternatives.
Shabash Feluda
Shabash Feluda is a 2023 Bengali detective thriller series starring Parambrata Chattopadhyay as the titular character, Feluda. The series also features Ritwick Chakraborty, Biplab Chatterjee, Rwitobroto Mukherjee, Rudranil Ghosh, and Sauraseni Maitra in significant roles. Directed by Arindam Sil and produced by Roadshow, the series is based on Satyajit Ray’s Feluda novel ‘Gangtokey Gondogol’ published in 1971 and premiered on ZEE5 on 5 May 2023.

Parambrata Chatterjee
Parambrata Chattopadhyay (born 27 June 1980) is an Indian actor and director. Parambrata started his career with Bengali television and films. He has acted as the fictional character Topshe from Feluda under Sandip Ray's direction. His notable works include Bhalo Theko (2003), Baishe Srabon (2011), Sold (2014), Kadambari  (2017),  Anukul (2017),  Pari (2018), Ramprasad Ki Tehrvi (2019), Dwitiyo Purush(2020), Bulbbul (2020) and Doctor Bakshi (2023). He made his Hindi debut in Kahaani (2012), starring with Vidya Balan and Nawazuddin Siddiqui.
MÁ
The cuneiform sign MÁ denotes a ship or boat. It is used in Sumerian and as a Sumerogram for the Akkadian word eleppu (also 'ship'/'boat'). MÁ is usually preceded by the determinative for items made of wood, namely  GIŠ: GIŠ.MÁ, or GIŠ.MÁ, .

Giš
The cuneiform giš sign, (also common for is, iṣ, and iz), is a common, multi-use sign, in the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Amarna letters, and other cuneiform texts. It also has a major usage as a sumerogram, GIŠ, (capital letter (majuscule)) for English language "wood", and is used as a determinative at the beginning of words, for items made of wood. The 12 Chapters (Tablets) of the Epic of Gilgamesh lists 16 named items beginning with "GIŠ".

For giš/(is/iz/iṣ) in the construction of words it is used syllabically for giš, and syllabically for the three other constructs; also for eṣ/ez. Besides "giš", it can alphabetically be used for: e, i, s, ṣ, or z.
Setsuko, Princess Chichibu
Setsuko, Princess Chichibu (雍仁親王妃勢津子, Yasuhito Shinnōhi Setsuko; born Setsuko Matsudaira (松平節子, Matsudaira Setsuko); 9 September 1909 – 25 August 1995) was a member of the Japanese imperial family and the wife of Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu, the second son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei. Setsuko was a sister-in-law of Emperor Shōwa and an aunt by marriage of Emperor Akihito.

Empress Teimei
Sadako Kujō (九条節子, Kujō Sadako; 25 June 1884 – 17 May 1951), posthumously honoured as Empress Teimei (貞明皇后, Teimei Kōgō), was the wife of Emperor Taishō and the mother of Emperor Shōwa. Her posthumous name, Teimei, means "enlightened constancy". She was also the paternal grandmother of Emperor Emeritus Akihito, and the paternal great-grandmother of Emperor Naruhito.
John Boyd (milliner)
John Richardson Boyd MBE (5 April 1925 – 20 February 2018) was a Scottish milliner based in London. Designing hats for over seventy-five years, Boyd was one of London's most respected milliners and is known for his creations for Diana, Princess of Wales and Anne, Princess Royal.
Boyd was a milliner to three generations of Diana's family – Diana, her mother Frances Shand Kydd and grandmother Ruth Roche, Baroness Fermoy – and had remained at the centre of his craft adding another generation of royals with Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. Boyd had one of the longest millinery careers in the world whilst continuing to practise his art before his death in 2018. Boyd’s label continues with his protégé and senior milliner Sarah Marshall.

Ruth Roche, Baroness Fermoy
Ruth Sylvia Roche, Baroness Fermoy, DCVO, OBE (née Gill; 2 October 1908 – 6 July 1993) was a friend and confidante of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother and the maternal grandmother of Diana, Princess of Wales. She was one of the Queen Mother's ladies-in-waiting.
59th Battalion (Australia)
The 59th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Initially raised for service during World War I, the battalion fought on the Western Front in France and Belgium between 1916 and 1918, before being disbanded in 1919. In 1921, it was re-raised as a part-time unit of the Militia in Victoria. They remained in existence until 1942 when, due to a manpower shortage in the Australian economy, the decision was made to amalgamate the battalion with the 58th Battalion to form the 58th/59th Battalion. Together they remained linked throughout World War II, serving in New Guinea and Bougainville in 1943–1945. In 1952, the 59th Battalion was re-raised and subsequently was absorbed into the Royal Victoria Regiment in 1960.

Australian Army Reserve
The Australian Army Reserve is a collective name given to the reserve units of the Australian Army. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, the reserve military force has been known by many names, including the Citizens Forces, the Citizen Military Forces, the Militia and, unofficially, the Australian Military Forces. In 1980, however, the current name—Australian Army Reserve—was officially adopted, and it now consists of a number of components based around the level of commitment and training obligation that its members are required to meet.