hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Boonesborough
The siege of Boonesborough was a military engagement which took place in September 1778 during the American Revolutionary War. On September 7, Shawnee chief Blackfish, who was allied to the British, led an attack on the Kentucky settlement of Boonesborough. Months before the battle, Blackfish had captured and adopted Daniel Boone, the founder of Boonesborough. Boone escaped the Shawnees in time to lead the defense of the settlement. Blackfish's siege was unsuccessful and was lifted after eleven days. Boone was then court-martialed by fellow officers who suspected him of harboring Loyalist sympathies. He was acquitted, but soon left the settlement.

Boonesborough, Kentucky
Boonesborough or Boonesboro is an unincorporated community in Madison County, Kentucky, United States. Founded by famed frontiersman Daniel Boone in 1775 as one of the first English-speaking settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains, Boonesborough lies in the central part of the state along the Kentucky River and is the site of Fort Boonesborough State Park, which includes the Kentucky River Museum. The park site has been rebuilt to look like a working fort of the time that Boone resided there.

Boonesborough is part of the Richmond-Berea micropolitan area. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 388 and Kentucky Route 627.
Greenspun
Greenspun (Anglicized from Yiddish: גרינשפּון) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hank Greenspun (1909–1989), American newspaper publisher, and founder of the Greenspun Corporation

Philip Greenspun (born 1963), American computer scientist and entrepreneur

Roger Greenspun, American journalist and film critic

Hank Greenspun
Herman Milton "Hank" Greenspun (August 27, 1909 – July 23, 1989) was the publisher of the Las Vegas Sun newspaper. He purchased the Sun in 1949, and served as its editor and publisher until his death. Greenspun was also a prominent real estate developer in the Las Vegas Valley.
Listed buildings in Killington, Cumbria
Killington is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England.  It contains 20 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Killington and the settlement of Hallbeck, and is otherwise completely rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, farmhouses, and farm buildings, the others being bridges, a church, and a milestone.

Killington, Cumbria
Killington is a village and civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of the county of Cumbria, England.  It had a population of 152 in 2001, At the 2011 census Killington was grouped with Firbank giving a total population of 261.

Killington gives its name to Killington Lake, after which Killington Lake services is named, although this is located in the neighbouring parish of New Hutton.

Killington Hall, in the centre of the village, dates largely from c. 1640, was altered in 1803, and preserves the ruins of a 15th-century pele tower adjoining the main building.  The Hall is adjacent to All Saints' Church, which dates from the 14th century, with 17th-century alterations, and was originally built as the chapel to the Hall.
2006 US Open (tennis)
The 2006 US Open began August 28 and finished on September 10, 2006.

Roger Federer was successful in defending his 2005 title, defeating 2003 champion Andy Roddick in the final. Kim Clijsters was unable to defend her title due to injury. 19-year-old Maria Sharapova won her second Grand Slam title, defeating Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final. It was Henin-Hardenne's third Grand Slam final loss of 2006, having lost the Australian Open and Wimbledon finals earlier in the year.

Robin Ammerlaan
Robin Ammerlaan (born 26 February 1968 in The Hague) is a Dutch former professional wheelchair tennis player. A former world No. 1 in both singles and doubles, Ammerlaan is a 14-time major champion and two-time Paralympic gold medalist. The right-handed player's favourite surface is carpet, and he was coached by Gert Bolk. His wheelchair is manufactured by Invacare. Ammerlaan ended his professional career after the 2012 London Paralympics.
Kristie Kenney
Kristie Anne Kenney (born May 24, 1955) is an American former senior diplomat who served as the 32nd Counselor of the United States Department of State from 2016 to 2017. She is a recipient of the Secretary of State's Distinguished Service Award and held the nation's highest diplomatic rank of Career Ambassador in the United States Foreign Service. She served as the Department of State Transition Coordinator for the 2016–17 transition.

Ambassador Kenney previously served as the United States Ambassador to the Republic of Ecuador, as United States Ambassador to the Philippines, and most recently as United States Ambassador to Thailand. She was the first female U.S. ambassador to the latter two countries. Kenney holds a master's degree in Latin American studies from Tulane University and a bachelor's degree in political science from Clemson University.

Secretary's Distinguished Service Award
The Secretary's Distinguished Service Award is an award of the United States Department of State. It is presented at the discretion of the secretary of state in recognition of exceptionally outstanding leadership, professional competence, and significant accomplishment over a sustained period of time in the field of foreign affairs. Such achievements must be of notable national or international significance and have made an important contribution to the advancement of U.S. national interests.

The award is personally authorized by the secretary of state provided that one of the criteria eligibility in Foreign Affairs Manual is met. It may be presented to members of the foreign affairs communities.

The award consists of a gold medal set and a certificate signed by the secretary of state. The specific criteria for the issuance of the Secretary’s Award is determined by the secretary of state.
Sudbury Hill Harrow railway station
Sudbury Hill Harrow railway station is a National Rail station on the Chiltern Main Line in the London Borough of Harrow in northwest London.

The station is served by Chiltern Railways trains from Marylebone towards High Wycombe and Birmingham Snow Hill, and is in London fare zone 4. This station also has an Oyster card facility located at the entrance and exit. The station is situated between Northolt Park and Sudbury & Harrow Road stations. The station is close to Sudbury Hill Underground station on the Piccadilly line.

London Borough of Harrow
The London Borough of Harrow (/ˈhæroʊ/) is a borough in west and north-west London, England; it forms part of Outer London. It borders four other London boroughs – Barnet to the east of ancient Watling Street (now the A5 road), Brent to the southeast, Ealing to the south and Hillingdon to the west and the Hertfordshire districts of Three Rivers and Hertsmere to the north. The local authority is Harrow London Borough Council. The London borough was formed in 1965, based on boundaries that had been established in 1934. The borough is made up of three towns: Harrow, Pinner and Stanmore, but also includes western parts of Edgware.
Racetam
Racetams, also sometimes known simply as pyrrolidones, are a class of drugs that share a pyrrolidone nucleus. Many, but not all, specifically have a 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide (piracetam) nucleus. Some racetams, such as piracetam, aniracetam, oxiracetam, pramiracetam, and phenylpiracetam, are considered nootropics. Phenylpiracetam is also a stimulant. Others, such as levetiracetam, brivaracetam, and seletracetam, are anticonvulsants.

Nootropic
Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtroʊpɪks/ noh-ə-TROHP-iks or /noʊ.əˈtrɒpɪks/ noh-ə-TROP-iks; colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers, memory enhancers, or brain boosters) are chemical substances which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, wakefulness, and self-control.

In the United States, nootropics can be over-the-counter drugs and commonly advertised with unproven claims of effectiveness for improving cognition. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned manufacturers and consumers about possible advertising fraud and marketing scams concerning nootropic supplements. Nootropics include both prescription drugs and dietary supplements marketed to enhance brain function, but while FDA-approved drugs have proven benefits and oversight, many dietary supplements lack evidence, may contain unapproved or hidden drugs, and pose safety and regulatory risks.
David Puttnam
David Terence Puttnam, Baron Puttnam (/ˈpʌtnəm/; born 25 February 1941) is a British-Irish film producer, educator, environmentalist and former member of the House of Lords. His productions include Chariots of Fire, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, The Mission, The Killing Fields, Local Hero, Midnight Express and Memphis Belle. In 1982, he received the BAFTA for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema, and in 2006 he was awarded the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.

Between 1997 and 2021, Lord Puttnam sat on the Labour benches in the House of Lords. In 2019 he was appointed chair to the select committee on democracy and digital technologies. The committee published its findings in its Digital Technology & the Resurrection of Trust report in June 2020.

Stardust (1974 film)
Stardust is a 1974 British musical drama film directed by Michael Apted and starring David Essex, Adam Faith, and Larry Hagman. It is the sequel to the 1973 film That'll Be the Day, which introduced the characters of Jim MacLaine and his street-smart friend Mike Menary. It chronicles Jim's rise and fall as an international rock star during the 1960s and early 1970s, with Mike as his personal manager. It features a number of pop/rock performers, including Essex, Faith, Keith Moon, Marty Wilde, Dave Edmunds, Paul Nicholas and Edd Byrnes.
Header bidding
Header bidding is a programmatic advertising technique in which publishers bid on multiple advertising exchanges in real time. Google has been reported to have referred internally to header bidding as an "existential threat".

Ad exchange
An ad exchange, in online advertising, is a technology platform that facilitates the buying and selling of media advertising inventory from multiple ad networks. Prices for the inventory are determined through real-time bidding (RTB). The technology-driven method replaces the custom of negotiating prices on media inventory, a field beyond ad networks as defined by the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB), and by advertising trade publications. Ad tech companies operate ad exchanges as online marketplaces that digitally connect demand-side (DSP) ad buyers to supply-side (SSP) publishers.
Jamie Green
James Roger "Jamie" Green (born 14 June 1982) is a British professional racing driver. He last raced for Audi Sport Team Rosberg in the 2020 DTM season, where he achieved 3 podiums and finished 8th in the standings.

Team Rosberg
Team Rosberg GmbH is a motor racing organisation that competes in single-seater and touring car disciplines in Europe. It was founded in 1994 by former Formula One world champion Keke Rosberg, of Finland. It is headquartered at Neustadt an der Weinstraße in Germany, and competes under a German racing licence.
El show de los sueños (Peruvian TV series) season 2
El Show de los Sueños: Amigos del alma was the second season of the Peruvian reality show El show de los sueños. In this season, every team (conformed by a celebrity and two best friends) should dance and sing. The winners were Anna Carina, Carlos (dancer) and Gabriela (singer).

Anna Carina
Anna Carina Copello Hora (born 14 August 1981) is a Peruvian pop singer. In 2010, she was nominated for the Premios Orgullosamente Latino: Soloist of the Year, Latin Song of the Year, Latin album of the Year, and Video of the Year. She has been dubbed the "Queen of Peruvian pop".
The End (1978 film)
The End is a 1978 American black comedy film directed by and starring Burt Reynolds, written by Jerry Belson, and with music composed by Paul Williams. The film also stars Dom DeLuise along with Sally Field, Strother Martin, David Steinberg, Joanne Woodward, Norman Fell, Myrna Loy, Kristy McNichol, Pat O'Brien, Robby Benson and Carl Reiner.

Reynolds was quoted saying he "loved" the film. "Nobody wanted to do it. They allowed me to do The End if I did Hooper, which made a fortune for Warner Brothers. But The End eventually made $40 million."

Pat O'Brien (actor)
William Joseph Patrick O'Brien (November 11, 1899 – October 15, 1983) was an American film actor with more than 100 screen credits. Of Irish descent, he often played Irish and Irish-American characters and was referred to as "Hollywood's Irishman in Residence" in the press. One of the best-known screen actors of the 1930s and 1940s, he played priests, cops, military figures, pilots, and reporters. He is especially well-remembered for his roles in Knute Rockne, All American (1940), Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), and Some Like It Hot (1959). He was frequently paired onscreen with Hollywood star and close friend James Cagney. O'Brien also appeared on stage and television.
Angel Wings (album)
Angel Wings (Chinese: 天使之翼; pinyin: Tian Shi Zhi Yi) is the eighth studio album by Taiwanese recording artist Rainie Yang. The album was released on August 23, 2013, by Sony Music Taiwan. It produced the singles "Angel Wings" and "Brave Love".

Rainie Yang
Rainie Yang Cheng Lin (Chinese: 楊丞琳; born 4 June 1984) is a Taiwanese singer, actress, and television host. Yang began her career in 2000 as a member of girl group 4 in Love. After the group disbanded in 2002, she began a successful solo career with her album, My Intuition, in 2005. In addition to singing, she is known for co-hosting the variety show Guess from 2002 to 2007, and for her acting roles in TV dramas Meteor Garden (2001), Devil Beside You (2005), Why Why Love (2007), and Hi My Sweetheart (2009), for which she received the Golden Bell Award for Best Actress.
Chris Freiling
Christopher Francis Freiling is a mathematician responsible for Freiling's axiom of symmetry in set theory. He has also made significant contributions to coding theory, in the process establishing connections between that field and matroid theory.

Freiling obtained his Ph.D. in 1981 from the University of California, Los Angeles under the supervision of Donald A. Martin. He is a member of the faculty of the Department of Mathematics at California State University, San Bernardino.

Freiling's axiom of symmetry
Freiling's axiom of symmetry () is a set-theoretic axiom proposed by Chris Freiling.  It is based on intuition of Stuart Davidson
but the mathematics behind it goes back to Wacław Sierpiński.

Let  denote the set of all functions from  to countable subsets of . (In other words,  where  is the collection of subsets of  of cardinality at most .)

The axiom  then states:

For every , there exist  such that  and .

A theorem of Sierpiński says that under the assumptions of ZFC set theory,  is equivalent to the negation of the continuum hypothesis (CH). Sierpiński's theorem answered a question of Hugo Steinhaus and was proved long before the independence of CH had been established by
Kurt Gödel and Paul Cohen.

Freiling claims that probabilistic intuition strongly supports this proposition while others disagree.  There are several versions of the axiom, some of which are discussed below.
Marda, Salfit
Marda (Arabic: مرده) is a Palestinian town in the Salfit Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the northern West Bank, 18 kilometers southwest of Nablus. A previously important rural and religious center under the Mamluks and Ottomans, it had a population of 2,375 in 2017.

Salfit
32°04′55″N 35°10′56″E﻿ / ﻿32.08194°N 35.18222°E﻿ / 32.08194; 35.18222

Salfit (Arabic: سلفيت, romanized: Salfīt) is a city in the central West Bank, Palestine, and the capital of the Salfit Governorate. It is located adjacent to the Israeli settlement of Ariel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Salfit had a population of 10,911 in 2017. Since the 1995 Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Salfit, located in Area A, has been administered by the Palestinian National Authority, while continuing under Israeli military occupation.
Paramonga
Paramonga was an important city constructed at the border of the former Kingdom of Chimor in Peru during the late Intermediate Period (AD 1200 to 1400), whose capital was the metropolis of Chan Chan.

Paramonga is located on the Fortaleza River, close to the town of Pativilca to the north of Lima. It is said that it was an important religious settlement, similar to Pachacamac. It is named after the nearby modern town of Paramonga, as its original name is unknown. Paramonga is often called a fortress due to its staggered pyramid of four levels of enormous proportions constructed on a hill, which somewhat resembles a European medieval castle, though it was built prior to Spanish colonization of the area.

Fortaleza River (Peru)
The Fortaleza River originates in the Department of Ancash, Peru, in the foothills of the Cordillera Negra. It has a route of just over 100 kilometres (62 mi) and a basin of 2,300 square kilometres (890 sq mi). It presents a highly irregular regime, so much so that in the months of June to October it does not reach the Pacific Ocean. Its waters are intensely used for the cultivation of sugarcane. It crosses the province of Barranca from east to west and reaches the Pacific Ocean through the agroindustrial valley of Paramonga. Its mouth is located just north of the town of Paramonga.
King Tom
King Tom was the Temne ruler of the land where the Province of Freedom, Sierra Leone was first located.

He was described by John C. Lettsome as "a very fine fellow, so far as dress goes, for he generally has variegated bright colours; his hat is immensely large, and the whole flap covered with gold lace, of which he is very proud. His palace is, however equal to a hut."

Lettsome also stated that he was at one time father-in-law of Henry Smeathman.

Henry Smeathman
Henry Smeathman (1742–1786) was an English naturalist, best known for his work in entomology and colonial settlement in Sierra Leone.

In 1771 the Quaker physician John Fothergill, along with two other members of the Royal Society, Sir Joseph Banks and Marmaduke Tunstall, sponsored Smeathman to spend four years in and around the Sierra Leone peninsula studying its natural history, specifically its insects.
The Great Passion
The Great Passion (French: La grande passion) is a 1928 French silent drama film directed by André Hugon and starring Lil Dagover, Rolla Norman and Patricia Allen. The film's sets were designed by the art director Christian-Jaque.

André Hugon
André Hugon (17 December 1886 – 22 August 1960) was a French film director, screenwriter and film producer best known for his silent films from 1913 onwards, particularly of the 1920s and into sound.

Hugon was born in Algiers in 1886 which at the time was part of France. He directed some 90 films between 1913 and 1952.
Eisenwerke Oberdonau
Eisenwerke Oberdonau (German for Steel Works of Upper Danube) was a large steel and iron producing company, a holding of several steel works in southern Germany. Created after the Anschluss of Austria, it formed the part of the so-called Reichswerke Hermann Göring AG cartel, the main supplier of steel and iron for the German war industry during World War II. It is also argued that it was the largest steel mill complex in Europe at that time.

The main steel factory in Linz supplied its products to the nearby factories of tank hulls and turrets at Sankt Valentin (so-called Nibelungenwerk). Throughout the war, the company also ran two sub-camps of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp where it benefited from the slave labour of inmates held there.

Nibelungenwerk
48°09′24″N 14°30′08″E﻿ / ﻿48.156590°N 14.502148°E﻿ / 48.156590; 14.502148

The Nibelungenwerk (also known as the Nibelungenwerke or Ni-Werk) was the largest and most modern tank assembly factory in Nazi Germany, located near the Austrian town of St. Valentin. As the only German tank production facility which had a well-structured production line, the Nibelungenwerk produced more than half of all of Nazi Germany's Panzer IV tanks.
Chapo Lake
Chapo Lake (Spanish: Lago Chapo) is a lake of Chile located in Los Lagos Region. It lies immediately southeast of Calbuco volcano and south of Llanquihue National Reserve. Just south of the lake is Alerce Andino National Park.

Chapo Lake is a lake located in the commune of Puerto Montt, Llanquihue province, Los Lagos Region, 115 km (71 mi) southeast of Puerto Varas, 43 km (27 mi) northeast of the city of Puerto Montt and 8 km (5.0 mi) east of Correntoso. The lake is used for hydroelectric power supply.

Reloncaví Estuary receives the outflow of Chapo lake.

Llanquihue National Reserve
Llanquihue National Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Nacional Llanquihue) is a national reserve in Los Lagos Region of Chile. The reserve lies southeast of Llanquihue Lake, and is bordered by the Petrohué River on the northeast and by the Reloncaví Estuary on the east. On the south it is bounded by Chapo Lake, which separates the reserve from Alerce Andino National Park.
Grace Episcopal Church (Syracuse, New York)
Grace Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal parish in Syracuse, New York. The Gothic Revival building was designed by Horatio Nelson White and was built in 1876.  It is located at 819 Madison Avenue near Syracuse University. On March 20, 1973, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Horatio Nelson White
Horatio Nelson White (February 8, 1814 – July 29, 1892) was an American architect based out of Syracuse, New York, and became one of New York State's most prominent architects from about 1865 to 1880.  White designed many homes, armories, churches, and public buildings throughout Syracuse in Central New York, including the Hall of Languages at Syracuse University, the Oswego County Court House, Syracuse High School, the Weiting Block in Syracuse, Oswego's City Hall, and more.
Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir
"Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir" (From deep affliction I cry out to you), originally "Aus tieffer not schrey ich zu dir", later also "Aus tiefer Noth schrei' ich zu dir", is a Lutheran hymn of 1524. Its lyrics were written by Martin Luther as a paraphrase of Psalm 130. It was first published in 1524 as one of eight songs in the first Lutheran hymnal, the Achtliederbuch, which contained four songs by Luther, three by Paul Speratus, and one by Justus Jonas, and also appeared the same year in the Erfurt Enchiridion. It is part of many hymnals, also in translations. The text inspired vocal and organ music from the Renaissance to contemporary, including composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach, who based a chorale cantata on it, Felix Mendelssohn and Max Reger.

Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn
Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn ("A spiritual song booklet"), was the first German hymnal for choir, published in Wittenberg in 1524 by Johann Walter who collaborated with Martin Luther. It contains 32 sacred songs, including 24 by Luther, in settings by Walter for three to five parts with the melody in the tenor. Luther wrote a preface for the part books. The collection has been called the root of all Protestant song music.