hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Church of the Holy Apostles (Ani)
The Church of the Holy Apostles, also Arak’elots (Armenian: Սուրբ Առաքելոց եկեղեցի, Surb Arakelots yekeghets’i), is an important ecclesiastical monument of the ruined city of Ani, modern Turkey, on the border with Armenia.

The church is composed in two parts: the church itself, now largely ruined, and the columned gavit in front of it, remaining in large part.

The remains of the gavit are clearly derived from Seljuk architectural designs.

Anatolian Seljuk architecture
Anatolian Seljuk architecture, or simply Seljuk architecture, refers to building activity that took place under the Sultanate of Rum (late 11th to 13th centuries), ruled by an offshoot of the Seljuk dynasty that emerged from the Great Seljuk Empire (11th–12th centuries) alongside various other local dynasties.

The Anatolian Seljuks patronized their own tradition of architecture whose surviving examples are generally found in present-day Turkey. Anatolian Seljuk architecture was eclectic and influenced by multiple traditions including Armenian, Byzantine, Iranian, and Syrian architecture. Unlike earlier Great Seljuk architecture to the east, their buildings were generally constructed in stone and featured significant stone-carved decoration in addition to tile decoration. While the Seljuk Sultanate declined and ended in the late 13th century, architecture continued to flourish and diversify under the smaller Beylik states that followed them in Anatolia, including the early Ottomans.
P-adic valuation
In number theory, the p-adic valuation or p-adic order of an integer n is the exponent of the highest power of the prime number p that divides n.
It is denoted .
Equivalently,  is the exponent to which  appears in the prime factorization of .

The p-adic valuation is a valuation and gives rise to an analogue of the usual absolute value.
Whereas the completion of the rational numbers with respect to the usual absolute value results in the real numbers , the completion of the rational numbers with respect to the -adic absolute value results in the p-adic numbers .

Divisor
In mathematics, a divisor of an integer  also called a factor of  is an integer  that may be multiplied by some integer to produce  In this case, one also says that  is a multiple of  An integer  is divisible or evenly divisible by another integer  if  is a divisor of ; this implies dividing  by  leaves no remainder.
Mason Fowler
Mason Edward Fowler (born January 18, 1993) is an American submission grappler, Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) black belt competitor, and former mixed martial arts fighter currently signed to UFC BJJ, where he is the inaugural and current UFC BJJ Light Heavyweight Champion.

Fowler is a two-time IBJJF World Champion, two-time No-Gi World Champion, European Champion, and Pan-American Champion in colored belts. Mason is a black belt European Champion, CBJJ Brazilian Nationals Champion and a two-time ADCC Submission Fighting World Trials winner.

ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship
The ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship is an international submission grappling competition, organised by the Abu Dhabi Combat Club (ADCC). ADCC is considered one of the most prestigious No-Gi submission grappling tournaments in the world, and is commonly referred to as The Olympics of Grappling.

The inaugural tournament was held in Abu Dhabi, UAE in 1998 and is held every two years. Host countries have included Brazil, China, Finland, Spain, the UK, and the US. Competitors can only participate after winning ADCC trials or by invitation.
Laurier Golden Hawks men's ice hockey
The Laurier Golden Hawks men's ice hockey team (formerly the Waterloo Ice Mules and Waterloo Lutheran Golden Hawks) is an active ice hockey program representing the Laurier Golden Hawks athletic department of Wilfrid Laurier University. The team has been continually active since the early 1960s and is currently a member of the Ontario University Athletics conference under the authority of U Sports. The Golden Hawks play at the Waterloo Memorial Recreation Complex in Waterloo, Ontario.

U Sports
U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body for universities in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country and four regional conferences: Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), Canada West (CW), and Atlantic University Sport (AUS). The equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Some institutions are members of both bodies for different sports.
Luna Park, Scranton
Luna Park was an amusement park in Scranton, Pennsylvania, that operated from 1906 to 1916. It was initially designed, built, and operated by two companies affiliated with Frederick Ingersoll. It occupied a 20-acre plot of land on Moosic Mountain along the eastern side of Roaring Brook gorge, opposite present-day Nay Aug Park.

Nay Aug Park
Nay Aug Park is the largest park in Scranton, Pennsylvania.  An amusement park on the site closed in the 1990s, but a small amusement area still operates near the swimming pool complex. The park also houses the Nay Aug Gorge, the Everhart Museum, and Brooks Mine, a small show mine. At one time it also had a zoo, as well as two Olympic-sized swimming pools.

The name of the park is of Native American origin, meaning "noisy brook".
Francis Tacardon
Francis Arturo Palogan Tacardon (born September 30, 2001) is a Filipino professional footballer who plays as a winger for Lao League 1 club Champasak Avenir. He also played the Philippine under-23 national team.

Philippines national under-23 football team
The Philippines national under-23 football team represents the Philippines in international football competitions in the Olympic Games, Asian Games, Southeast Asian Games and any other under-23 international football tournaments.  It is controlled by the Philippine Football Federation, the governing body of football in the country.

Their best finish in the ASEAN U-23 Championship is in 2025, when they reached the semifinals.

At the SEA Games, the team has achieved its best finish in the 2025 edition in Thailand by advancing to the semifinals. This at least matched the finishing of the senior team in the 1991 SEA Games.
Hyogong of Silla
Hyogong (885–912), personal name Kim Yo, was the 52nd ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla.  He was the illegitimate son of King Heongang by Lady Uimyeong.  He married the daughter of Ichan Ugyeom. His reign saw the collapse of Silla's authority across its northern and western provinces, as rebel warlords such as Kung Ye and Kyŏn Hwŏn rose to power. This period, known as the Later Three Kingdoms saw the breakup of Silla, as the previously defeated Goguryeo and Baekje were revived as Taebong and Hubaekje across what had once been the western and northern provinces of Unified Silla.

In 905, Silla lost its holdings to the northeast of Jungnyeong pass. In 907, Kyŏn Hwŏn's Later Baekje forces seized ten castles to the south of Ilseon. Faced with these defeats, the king turned to drink and neglected state affairs.  Upon his death in 912, he was buried to the north of Sajasa temple.

Kyŏn Hwŏn
Kyŏn Hwŏn (Korean: 견훤; Hanja: 甄萱; c.867 – 27 September 936, ruled from 892 – March 935) was the king and founder of Later Baekje, one of the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea, and reigned from 892 to 935. Some records render his name as Chin Hwŏn (진훤; 眞萱). He was also the progenitor of the Hwanggan Kyŏn clan. Substantial accounts of his life are preserved in the Samguk sagi, which presents a single narrative, and the Samguk yusa, which presents excerpts about him from various sources.
David Beech
David Richard Beech MBE (born 1954) was the curator of the British Library Philatelic Collections from 1983–2013. He is a fellow and past president of the Royal Philatelic Society London (RPSL). In 2013, it was announced that Beech was to receive the Smithsonian Philatelic Achievement Award for outstanding lifetime accomplishments in the field of philately.

Royal Philatelic Society London
The Royal Philatelic Society London (RPSL) is the oldest philatelic society in the world. It was founded on 10 April 1869 as The Philatelic Society, London. The society runs a  postal museum, the Spear Museum of Philatelic History, at its headquarters in the City of London.
Limpurg Hills
The Limpurg Hills (German: Limpurger Berge) are a hill range, up to 564.7 m above sea level (NHN), in the Swabian-Franconian Forest in the counties of Schwäbisch Hall and  Ostalbkreis in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The majority of the region belonged formerly to Limpurg Land owned by the family of Schenken von Limpurg, whose name was derived from their family home, Limpurg Castle near Schwäbisch Hall.

Normalhöhennull
Normalhöhennull (German pronunciation: [nɔʁmaːlˈhøːənˌnʊl], "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany.

In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1932 German Mean Height Reference System (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz). The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid. The reference height is a geodetic, fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony. The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
John Muir Branch Library, Los Angeles
John Muir Branch Library is a branch library of the Los Angeles Public Library.  It was built in 1930 based on a design by architect Henry F. Withey.

In 1987, the Muir Branch and several other branch libraries in Los Angeles were added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic group submission.

Following damage to the building in a series of earthquakes, the library temporarily relocated to a mini-mall in 1987.  The historic library was reopened in 1997.

Los Angeles Public Library
The Los Angeles Public Library (LAPL) is a public library system in Los Angeles, California, operating separate from the Los Angeles County Public Library system. The system holds more than six million volumes, and with around 19 million residents in the Greater Los Angeles area, it serves the largest metropolitan population of any public library system in the United States. The system is overseen by a Board of Library Commissioners with five members appointed by the mayor of Los Angeles in staggered terms, and operates 72 library branches throughout the city. In 1997 a local historian described it as "one of the biggest and best-regarded library systems in the nation."
Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979
The Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979 is a federal statute enacted to provide federal loan guarantees to the Chrysler Corporation in response to the company's financial crisis. Signed into law by President Jimmy Carter, the act authorized up to $1.5 billion in federal loan guarantees, enabling Chrysler to avoid bankruptcy.

The bill, formally known as H.R. 5860, was sponsored by Representative James Blanchard (D-MI). The House of Representatives then passed the bill by 271–136 on December 13, 1979. On December 21, 1979, the Senate voted 53–44 to pass the bill. President Carter signed the bill into law on January 7, 1980.

Loan guarantee
A loan guarantee, in finance, is a promise by one party (the guarantor) to assume the debt obligation of a borrower if that borrower defaults. A guarantee can be limited or unlimited, making the guarantor liable for only a portion or all of the debt.
Filatopus
Filatopus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It is known from New Zealand and Argentina.

The genus was originally known as Nematopus, named by Octave Parent in 1933. Later, David Miller found the name to be preoccupied by Nematopus (Berthold, 1827), and renamed it to Filatopus in 1945. However, as Nematopus was not designated a type species, the name Filatopus was unavailable until 1970, when Harold E. Robinson designated Nematopus ciliatus as the type species.

Octave Parent
Abbé Octave Parent (15 June 1882, in Trescault – 9 February 1942, in Ambleteuse) was a French entomologist who specialized in Diptera, mostly the family Dolichopodidae. He became director of the Biological Station, Ambleteuse.

He published three papers, dated 1934, 1937 and 1940, concerning twenty-six new species of Hawaiian Campsicnemus. The type specimens of all the species described in the 1937 paper were deposited in the collection of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. The species Sigmatineurum parenti, found in Hawaii, is named in memory of Parent, "in honor of his foundational work with Hawaiian dolichopodids and for describing the genus Sigmatineurum".
The Uncensored Mouse
The Uncensored Mouse is a 1989 comic book series published by Malibu Graphics' Eternity Comics line. The series reprinted  Mickey Mouse comic strip stories from 1930, including the first two sequences, "Lost on a Desert Island" and "Mickey Mouse in Death Valley". Only two issues were published. While these early sequences had been reprinted in Italy in the 1970s, The Uncensored Mouse was the first English-language reprint since the strip's newspaper run.

The word "Uncensored" in the title referred to content that the Walt Disney Company no longer wanted to associate with their star Mickey Mouse. "Lost on a Desert Island" contains stereotyped portrayals of Africans, and "Mickey Mouse in Death Valley" includes gunplay and kidnapping, as well as a blackface gag in which Mickey, in the dark, appears with wide eyes and big lips, crying "Minnie!" in the style of Al Jolson's famous performance of "My Mammy".

Malibu Comics
Malibu Comics Entertainment, Inc. (launched as Malibu Graphics) was an American comic book publisher active in the late 1980s and early 1990s, best known for its Ultraverse line of superhero titles. Notable titles published by Malibu included The Men in Black, Ultraforce, and Night Man.

The company's headquarters was in Calabasas, California. Malibu was initially publisher for Image Comics from 1992 to 1993. The company's other imprints included Adventure, Aircel and Eternity. Malibu also owned a small software development company that designed video games in the early to mid-1990s called Malibu Interactive.
Karuk traditional narratives
Karuk traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Karuk (Karok) people of the Klamath River basin of northwestern California.

The published record of Karuk oral literature is an unusually rich one, thanks to the efforts of Alfred L. Kroeber, John Peabody Harrington, William Bright, and others. Karuk narratives, together with those of the neighboring Yurok and Hupa, are distinctive from that of most of California, but show strong influences from the Northwest Coast region. (See also Traditional narratives (Native California).)

Alfred Kroeber
Alfred Louis Kroeber (/ˈkroʊbər/ KROH-bər; June 11, 1876 – October 5, 1960) was an American cultural anthropologist. He received his PhD under Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1901, the first doctorate in anthropology awarded by Columbia. He was also the first professor appointed to the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. He played an integral role in the early days of its Museum of Anthropology, where he served as director from 1909 through 1947. Kroeber provided detailed information about Ishi, the last surviving member of the Yahi people, whom he studied over a period of years. He was the father of the author Ursula K. Le Guin.
Francis Rapp
Francis Rapp (27 June 1926 – 29 March 2020) was a French medievalist specializing in the history of Alsace and medieval Germany. An emeritus university professor, he was a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres since 1993.

Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (French pronunciation: [akademi dez‿ɛ̃skʁipsjɔ̃ e bɛl lɛtʁ]) is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The academy's scope is the study of ancient inscriptions (epigraphy), historical literature (see Belles-lettres) and the cultures of the civilizations of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the classical period, as well as those of non-European civilizations.
Sittas
Sittas (Greek: Σίττας; died 538) was a Byzantine military commander during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565). During the Iberian War against the Sassanid Empire, Sittas was given command of forces in Armenia, similar to the status of Belisarius in Mesopotamia. He won a victory over the Sassanids at the battle of Satala.

Iberian War
The Iberian War was fought from 526 to 532 between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire over the eastern Georgian kingdom of Iberia—a Sasanian client state that defected to the Byzantines. Conflict erupted among tensions over tribute and the spice trade.

The Sasanians maintained the upper hand until 530 but the Byzantines recovered their position in battles at Dara and Satala while their Ghassanid allies defeated the Sasanian-aligned Lakhmids. A Sasanian victory at 
Callinicum in 531 continued the war for another year until the empires signed the "Perpetual Peace".
Ian Gibson (comics)
Ian Gibson (20 February 1946 – 11 December 2023) was a British comic book artist, best known for his 1980s black-and-white work for 2000 AD, especially as the main artist on Robo-Hunter and The Ballad of Halo Jones, as well as his long run on Judge Dredd.

Judge Dredd
Judge Joseph Dredd is a fictional character created by writer John Wagner and artist Carlos Ezquerra. He first appeared in the second issue of the British weekly anthology comic 2000 AD (1977). He is the magazine's longest-running character, and in 1990 he got his own title, the Judge Dredd Megazine. He also appears in a number of film and video game adaptations.

Judge Dredd is a law enforcement and judicial officer in the dystopian future city of Mega-City One, which covers most of the east coast of North America. He is a "street judge", empowered to summarily arrest, convict, sentence, and execute criminals. Judge Dredd stories often satirise American and British culture, with a focus on authoritarianism and police brutality.

Judge Dredd made his live-action debut in 1995 in Judge Dredd, portrayed by Sylvester Stallone. Later, he was portrayed by Karl Urban in the 2012 adaptation Dredd. In audio dramas by Big Finish Productions, Dredd is voiced by Toby Longworth.
Heck Thomas
Henry Andrew "Heck" Thomas (January 3, 1850 – August 14, 1912) was a lawman on the American frontier, most notably in Indian Territory. He was known for helping bring law and order to the region. In 1889 as a deputy in Fort Smith, Arkansas, he tried to capture Ned Christie, wanted as a suspect in the killing of a US marshal.

Thomas was among the lawmen who ended the run of the Wild Bunch, also known as the Doolin-Dalton Gang. Emmett Dalton, the surviving member of the gang, said that due to Thomas's relentless pursuit, they attempted two simultaneous robberies in Coffeyville, Kansas, planning to leave the territory with a haul. These failed and four gang members died in a shootout there. In August 1896, Thomas led a posse that tracked down and killed outlaw Bill Doolin.

Coffeyville, Kansas
Coffeyville is a city in southeastern Montgomery County, Kansas, United States, located along the Verdigris River in the state's southeastern region. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 8,826.  Coffeyville is the most populous city of Montgomery County, and the home to Coffeyville Community College. The town of South Coffeyville, Oklahoma is approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the city.
Phi Delta
Phi Delta (ΦΔ) was an American college sorority. It formed in 1927 through the merger of local sororities at New York University in New York City and New York State Teachers Colleges at Albany. The sorority grew to include nine chapters but struggled during the Great Depression. The withdrawal of three chapters in 1935 resulted in a breakdown of national operations, with the remaining chapters becoming local sororities again. The chapter at Albany continued as a local fraternity until 1973.

University at Albany, SUNY
The State University of New York at Albany (also known as University at Albany, UAlbany, or SUNY Albany) is a public research university in Albany, New York, United States. Founded in 1844, it is one of four "university centers" of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. In 2024, the university enrolled 17,567 students in nine schools and colleges, which offer over 50 undergraduate majors and over 150 graduate degree programs. Portions of the campus extend into Guilderland, and the health sciences campus is located in neighboring Rensselaer, New York. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". The research enterprise totaled expenditures of $115 million in fiscal year 2021 and was focused in four areas: social science, public law and policy, life sciences and atmospheric sciences. UAlbany is home to the New York State Writers Institute.
Kurt Freund
Kurt Freund (17 January 1914 – 23 October 1996) was a Czech-Canadian physician and sexologist best known for developing the penile plethysmograph (a measurement of sexual arousal in males), research studies in pedophilia, and for the "courtship disorder" hypothesis as a taxonomy of certain paraphilias (voyeurism, exhibitionism, toucherism, frotteurism, and what he called "preferential rape"). After unsuccessful attempts to change men's sexual orientation, he advocated against conversion therapy and in favor of the decriminalization of homosexuality.

Paraphilia
A paraphilia is an uncommon, intense, and persistent sexual arousal or attraction to anything not sexual by nature. It has also been defined as a sexual interest in anything other than a legally consenting human partner. Paraphilias are contrasted with normophilic ("normal") sexual interests, although the definition of what makes a sexual interest normal or atypical remains controversial.

The exact number and taxonomy of paraphilia is under debate; Anil Aggrawal has listed as many as 549 types of paraphilias. Several sub-classifications of paraphilia have been proposed; some argue that a fully dimensional, spectrum, or complaint-oriented approach would better reflect the evident diversity of human sexuality. Although paraphilias were believed in the 20th century to be rare among the general population, subsequent research has indicated that some level of paraphilic interests are relatively common.
Tortel
Tortel is a Chilean commune located at the outflow of the Baker River and Pascua River to the Pacific Ocean. It lies between the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Field in the Capitán Prat Province in the Aysén Region. The commune is administered by the municipality in Caleta Tortel, the principal settlement.

Northern Patagonian Ice Field
The Northern Patagonian Ice Field, located in southern Chile, is the smaller of two remnant parts in which the Patagonian Ice Sheet in the Andes Mountains of southern South America can be divided. It is completely contained within the boundaries of Laguna San Rafael National Park.