hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Assassination of Danilo Anderson
The assassination of Danilo Anderson took place on 18 November 2004, in Caracas, Venezuela. Danilo Baltasar Anderson (born 29 October 1966) was a Venezuelan environmental state prosecutor investigating more than 400 people accused of crimes during the Llaguno Overpass events and the failed 2002 coup d'état attempt. He was assassinated by a car bomb on his way home from attending postgraduate classes at aged 38. In 2005 several people were convicted of masterminding the assassination, though the investigation had flaws and was marred with allegations of corruption.

Llaguno Overpass events
The Llaguno Overpass (Puente Llaguno in Spanish), also known as the Llaguno Bridge, is a bridge in central Caracas, Venezuela, near the Miraflores Palace, made infamous by the events of 11 April 2002, when snipers opened fire upon the crowd of protestors marching on the overpass, also known as El Silencio Massacre, causing 19 deaths and 127 injured people. The events preceded the 2002 Venezuelan coup attempt. The military high command refused Hugo Chávez's order to implement the Plan Ávila as a response to protests against him, a military contingency plan by the army to maintain public order last used in 1989 during The Caracazo, and demanded him to resign. President Chávez was subsequently arrested by the military. Chávez's request for asylum in Cuba was denied, and he was ordered to be tried in a Venezuelan court.
Bloody Sunday (1887)
Bloody Sunday was an event which took place in London, England on 13 November 1887, when a crowd of marchers protesting about unemployment and the Irish Coercion Acts, as well as demanding the release of MP William O'Brien, clashed with the Metropolitan Police. The demonstration was organised by the Social Democratic Federation and the Irish National League. Violent clashes took place between the police and demonstrators, many "armed with iron bars, knives, pokers and gas pipes". A contemporary report noted that 400 were arrested and 75 people were badly injured, including many police, two policemen being stabbed and one protester bayonetted.

Coercion Act
A Coercion Act was an Act of Parliament that gave a legal basis for increased state powers to suppress popular discontent and disorder. The label was applied, especially in Ireland, to acts passed from the 18th to the early 20th century by the Irish, British, and Northern Irish parliaments.
Religion and circumcision
Religious circumcision is generally performed shortly after birth, during childhood, or around puberty as part of a rite of passage. Circumcision for religious reasons is most frequently practiced in Judaism and Islam. In some African and Eastern Christian denominations male circumcision is an established practice, and require that their male members undergo circumcision.

Rite of passage
A rite of passage is a ceremony or ritual of the passage which occurs when an individual leaves one group to enter another. It involves a significant change of status in society. In cultural anthropology, the term is the anglicisation of rite de passage, a French term innovated by the ethnographer Arnold van Gennep in his work Les rites de passage, The Rites of Passage. The term is now fully adopted into anthropology as well as into the literature and popular cultures of many modern languages.
Pyang Zhuang language
Pyang Zhuang, or Fuping Zhuang (Chinese: 扶平语), is an underdescribed Central Tai language spoken in southwestern Guangxi, China. It appears to be most closely related to Nong Zhuang.

The Pyang refer to themselves as pjaːŋB2 or tʰoːC1-A, but are referred to as ˀjujC1 by the surrounding Yang Zhuang people (Liao 2016:315).

Yang Zhuang language
Yang Zhuang is a Tai language spoken in southwestern Guangxi, China, in Napo, Jingxi and Debao counties.

Li Jinfang (1999) suggests that the Yang Zhuang originally spoke the Buyang language, and later assimilated with other Tai-speaking peoples (See Buyang people#History).
Europus (Macedonia)
Europus (or Europos; Ancient Greek: Εὐρωπός) was a town in Bottiaea (later named Emathia), ancient Macedonia. It was located between Idomenae and the plains of Cyrrhus and Pella, situated on the right bank of the Axius below Idomene, where modern Evropos lies. Not far above the entrance of the great maritime plain, the site of Europus has been recognised by that strength of position which enabled it to resist Sitalces and the Thracians. We have the concurring testimony of Ptolemy and Pliny that this town of Emathia was different from Europus of Almopia.

Europos was the birthplace of Seleucus I Nicator, and two cities in Seleucid Empire were named Europos. There is also reported a Delphic proxenos Machatas from Europos in the late 4th century BCE.

The site of Europos is near the modern Europos.

Evropos
Evropos (Greek: Ευρωπός), known before 1925 as Ashiklar (Greek: Ασικλάρ) is a village and a former municipality in the former Paionia Province, Kilkis regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Paionia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 80.922 km2. Population 3,757 (2021).
Transportation of the president of the United States
The United States government has maintained a variety of vehicles for the president. Because of the president's role as commander-in-chief, military transports are exclusively used for international travel; however, the civilian Secret Service operates the president's motorcade.

One of the most famous transports is "Air Force One", which is not technically a specific aircraft, but rather the callsign of certain aircraft when the president is on board. This practice was started when there was confusion between the presidential aircraft and a civilian aircraft in 1953. However, it usually means the VC-25, a Boeing 747 which has been converted for presidential use. Presidents have traveled in everything from horses, trains, cars, helicopters, boats, and fixed-wing aircraft.

Boeing VC-25
The Boeing VC-25 is a military version of the Boeing 747 airliner, modified for presidential transport and commonly operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) as Air Force One, the call sign of any U.S. Air Force aircraft carrying the president of the United States.

Only two examples of this aircraft type are in service; they are highly modified Boeing 747-200Bs, designated VC-25A and having tail numbers 28000 and 29000. Although technically the Air Force One designation applies to the aircraft only while the president is on board, the term is commonly used to refer to the VC-25 in general. The two aircraft often operate in conjunction with Marine One helicopters, which ferry the president to airports whenever a vehicle motorcade would be inappropriate.

Two new aircraft, based on the Boeing 747-8I and designated VC-25B, have been ordered by the USAF to replace the aging VC-25As.
Access control matrix
In computer science, an access control matrix or access matrix is an abstract, formal security model of protection state in computer systems, that characterizes the rights of each subject with respect to every object in the system. It was first introduced by Butler W. Lampson in 1971.

An access matrix can be envisioned as a rectangular array of cells, with one row per subject and one column per object. The entry in a cell – that is, the entry for a particular subject-object pair – indicates the access mode that the subject is permitted to exercise on the object. Each column is equivalent to an access control list for the object; and each row is equivalent to an access profile for the subject.

Computer security model
A computer security model is a scheme for specifying and enforcing security policies. A security model may be founded upon a formal model of access rights, a model of computation, a model of distributed computing, or no particular theoretical grounding at all. A computer security model is implemented through a computer security policy.

For a more complete list of available articles on specific security models, see Category:Computer security models.
Hesperocyparis goveniana
Hesperocyparis goveniana commonly known as Californian cypress and Gowen cypress, is a species of western cypress that is endemic to a small area of coastal California near Monterey. It was formerly classified as Cupressus goveniana.

Hesperocyparis
Hesperocyparis (western cypress) is a genus of trees in the family Cupressaceae, containing North American species otherwise assigned to the genus Cupressus. They are found throughout western North America. Only a few species have wide ranges, with most being restricted-range endemics.
Universal Power Drives
Universal Power Drives Ltd was a British vehicle manufacturer based in Aintree Road, Perivale, Middlesex. Started in 1934 as 4x4 forestry vehicle manufacturer, later company started manufacturing commercial trucks, the company was acquired by Caterpillar Inc a Illinois based American construction and mining equipment manufacturer in 1977. Later Alvis plc, a London based vehicle manufacturer, acquired the company in 1994 and rebranded it to Alvis-Unipower.

Alvis plc
Alvis PLC was a British motor vehicle manufacturer. It was created when United Scientific Holdings plc acquired the Alvis division of the nationalised vehicle manufacturer British Leyland in 1981. United Scientific maintained its own name until 1992 when the group was renamed Alvis plc. Alvis acquired the armoured vehicle business of the Swedish engineering company Hägglund & Söner in 1997 and the armoured vehicle business of GKN in 1998.

Alvis acquired Vickers Defence Systems from Rolls-Royce in October 2002. It was in turn acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 and became BAE Systems Land Systems (Weapons & Vehicles), now part of the BAE Systems Land & Armaments operating group.
United Nigeria Airlines
United Nigeria Airlines Limited, trading as United Nigeria Airlines (IATA: U5, ICAO: UNA), is a private
airline in Nigeria. The new start-up received its Air Operators Certificate (AOC) on 1 February 2021. Headquartered in the city of Enugu, with an office in Abuja, and with its operations base at Enugu International Airport, United Nigeria Airlines started with four aircraft to operate scheduled flights between nine Nigerian cities: Abuja, Onitsha, Asaba, Yenagoa, Warri, Enugu, Owerri, Lagos, and Port Harcourt.

Akanu Ibiam International Airport
Akanu Ibiam International Airport (IATA: ENU, ICAO: DNEN), also known as Enugu Airport, is an international airport serving Enugu, the capital city of Enugu State in Nigeria, and nearby cities, such as  Abakaliki, Awka, Onitsha, Nnewi, Afikpo, Okigwe, Nsukka, Ugep, Orlu, Idah, Otukpo and Ogoja. It is named after the 20th-century politician Akanu Ibiam. The airport is strategically located at Emene, which is the primary industrial hub in Enugu.

It plays host to the Nigerian Air Force Base made up of the Ground Training Command, 405 Helicopter Combat Training Group, 541 Comms Group, 553 Base Services Group, and the International Helicopter Flying School. The airport is an international airport.
Burghfield Brook
Burghfield Brook is a small stream in southern England. It rises in Wokefield Common between the Berkshire villages of Mortimer and Burghfield Common. It is a tributary of Foudry Brook, which it joins near Hartley Court Farm, just to the south of the M4 motorway.

Foudry Brook
Foudry Brook is a small stream in southern England. It rises from a number of springs near the Hampshire village of Baughurst, and flows to the east and then the north, to join the River Kennet to the south of Reading. The upper section is called Silchester Brook, and beyond that, Bishop's Wood Stream. The underlying geology is chalk, covered by a layer of clay, and so it has the characteristics of a clay stream, experiencing rapid increases in level after heavy rain due to run-off from the surrounding land. It passes a number of listed buildings and scheduled monuments, including the site of the Roman town of Calleva Atrebatum or Silchester.

The natural flow of the river is supplemented by treated effluent from two major sewage treatment works, which contribute to the poor quality of the water. Water quality is also affected by physical modification of the channel, which restricts the free movement of fish around the system.
Gary Roberts (footballer, born 1960)
Gary Paul Michael Roberts (born 5 April 1960) is a Welsh retired professional footballer who played as a forward and winger. As a player, he is best remembered for his six years in the Football League with Brentford, for whom he made over 220 appearances and is a member of the club's Hall of Fame. After retiring as a player, Roberts turned to management and spent 13 years as manager of Cambridge City.

Brentford F.C. Hall of Fame
Brentford Football Club is an English professional football club based in Brentford, London. Between 1897 and 1920, the first team competed in the London League, Southern League and Western League. Since 1920, the first team has competed in the Football League, the Premier League and other nationally and internationally organised competitions. All players who have been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame are listed below.

The Brentford Hall of Fame was founded in 1991 and the inaugural inductions were former players Idris Hopkins, Joe James and former player and manager Malky MacDonald. 10 former players and staff members were the most recent inductees in November 2024 and the total number of inductees is 69. The Hall of Fame is administered jointly by the club and the Brentford F.C. Former Players’ Association.
Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–1691)
Habsburg-occupied Serbia refers to the period between 1686 and 1699 of the Great Turkish War, during which various regions of present-day Serbia (which were de jure Ottoman territory) were occupied by the Habsburg monarchy. In those regions, Habsburg authorities have established various forms of provisional military administration, including the newly organized Serbian Militia. By the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, some of those regions remained under the permanent Habsburg rule, while others were returned to the Ottoman Empire.

Serbian Militia
The Serbian (Rascian) Militia (Latin: Rascianica militia; Serbian: Рашка милиција, Srpska milicija) was an auxiliary military unit of the Habsburg Monarchy composed primarily of Serbs. It was active between approximately 1686 and 1704 and operated as part of the Habsburg military structure during the Great Turkish War.

The unit was formed to support Habsburg forces in their campaigns against the Ottoman Empire, particularly in the Pannonian Plain and along the Military Frontier. The Serbian militia consisted of both infantry and cavalry, engaging in irregular warfare, frontier defence, and auxiliary operations alongside the Imperial Army. Its organisation followed a decentralised model, with Serbian commanders overseeing military operations under Habsburg authority. The Serbian militia was eventually disbanded in 1704 as part of administrative and military reforms.
Simon de Graaff
Simon de Graaff (24 August 1861 – 2 October 1948) was a Dutch politician who served as the Minister of the Colonies in the first, second, and third cabinets of Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck. An independent politician of Protestant faith, he had conservative leanings. During his tenure, he promoted the administrative reform of the Dutch East Indies and passed a new constitution for the colony.

Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
Charles Joseph Marie Ruijs de Beerenbrouck (1 December 1873 – 17 April 1936) was a Dutch politician of the Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP). He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 9 September 1918 until 4 August 1925 and from 10 August 1929 until 26 May 1933.
1985 Air Canada Cup
The 1985 Air Canada Cup was Canada's seventh annual national midget 'AAA' hockey championship, which was played April 16 – 20, 1985 at the Regina Agridome in Regina, Saskatchewan province.  The Lions du Lac St-Louis from Quebec won their second national title, defeating the host Regina Pat Canadians in the gold medal game.  The Calgary Buffaloes won the bronze medal.
  Future National Hockey League players playing in this tournament were Benoit Brunet,  Dean Chynoweth, Kevin Dahl, Claude Lapointe, Don MacLean, Lyle Odelein, Cam Russell, and Peter White.

Telus Cup
The Telus Cup is Canada's national under-18 ice hockey club championship. It is an annual event, held by Hockey Canada each April. From 1979 to 2003, the national championship was sponsored by Air Canada.

The current champions are the Regina Pat Canadians who won the 2025 Telus Cup.
Arndt Jorgens
Arndt Ludwig Jorgens (born Arndt Ludvig Jørgensen; May 18, 1905 – March 1, 1980) was a Norwegian-American professional baseball catcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees from 1929 through 1939.

Jorgens was born in Modum, Norway, and immigrated to the United States as a young child. After playing competitive baseball for his high school, Jorgens became a semi-professional player before signing a professional contract. After three years in the minor leagues, he signed with the Yankees before the 1929 season. A backup to Bill Dickey throughout his career, Jorgens played sparingly. He was a member of five World Series champion teams even though he did not play in a single World Series game.

Bill Dickey
William Malcolm Dickey (June 6, 1907 – November 12, 1993) was an American professional baseball catcher and manager. He played in Major League Baseball with the New York Yankees for 17 seasons. Dickey managed the Yankees as a player-manager in 1946 in his last season as a player.

Dickey played with the Yankees from 1928 through 1943. After serving in the United States Navy during World War II, Dickey returned to the Yankees in 1946 as a player and manager. He retired after the 1946 season, but returned in 1949 as a coach, in which capacity he taught Yogi Berra the finer points of catching.

During Dickey's playing career, the Yankees went to the World Series nine times, winning eight championships. He was named to 11 All-Star Games. He went on to briefly manage the Yankees as a player-manager, then contribute to another six Yankee World Series titles as a coach. Dickey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1954.
George Johnson (Manitoba politician)
George Johnson, OC (November 18, 1920 – July 8, 1995) was a medical doctor and is seen by historians as one of the leading political reformers of the twentieth century in Manitoba. He served as a Cabinet Minister in the governments of Dufferin Roblin and Walter Weir and as the province's 20th Lieutenant Governor from 1986 to 1993.

Dufferin Roblin
Dufferin "Duff" Roblin PC CC OM (June 17, 1917 – May 30, 2010) was a Canadian businessman and politician. He served as the 14th premier of Manitoba from 1958 to 1967. Roblin was appointed to the Senate of Canada on the advice of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. In the government of Brian Mulroney, he served as government leader in the Senate. He was the grandson of Sir Rodmond Roblin, who also served as Manitoba Premier. His ancestor John Roblin served in the Upper Canada assembly.
Chiloglottis trilabra
Chiloglottis trilabra, commonly known as the long-clubbed wasp orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has two dark green leaves and a single greenish brown or pinkish flower with a dark red to black, ant-like callus covering most of the upper surface of the labellum. It is similar to both C. seminuda and C. reflexa.

Chiloglottis seminuda
Chiloglottis seminuda, commonly known as the turtle orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It has two broad leaves and a single green or reddish pink flower with a shiny black insect-like callus covering two-thirds of the base of the labellum but with the tip of the labellum free of callus.
Fringe benefits tax (Australia)
The fringe benefits tax (FBT) is a tax applied within the Australian tax system by the Australian Taxation Office. The tax is levied on most non-cash benefits that an employer provides "in respect of employment." The tax is levied on the employer, not the employee, and will be levied irrespective of whether the benefit is provided directly to the employee or to an associate of the employee.

The tax was first imposed in 1986 and the operation of the tax is described by the Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act 1986.

Taxation in Australia
Income taxes are the most significant form of taxation in Australia, and collected by the federal government through the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). Australian GST revenue is collected by the Federal government, and then paid to the states under a distribution formula determined by the Commonwealth Grants Commission.

Australians pay tax for the provision of healthcare, education, defense, roads and railways and for payments to welfare, disaster relief and pensions.
Gretel Bergmann
Gretel Lambert (born Margarethe Bergmann; April 12, 1914 – July 25, 2017) was a German Jewish track and field athlete who competed as a high jumper during the 1930s.

Due to her Jewish origins, the Nazis prevented her from taking part in the 1936 Summer Olympics, after which she left Germany and vowed never to return. She however visited Germany in 2004 to meet with her 1930s rival Elfriede Kaun, whom she considered a friend. Bergmann turned 100 in 2014. She died in 2017 at her home in Jamaica Estates, Queens, New York.

Elfriede Kaun
Elfriede Kaun (5 October 1914 – 5 March 2008) was a German high jumper.

Born in Büttel, Steinburg, she won the bronze medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Her personal best jump was 1.63 metres.

She competed for the sports club Kieler TV, and died in 2008 in Kiel. She was the last living German athlete who won a medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
PFC Victoria London
PFC Victoria London is a football club based in Feltham, London, England. They are currently members of the Combined Counties League Division One and play at Robert Parker Stadium, groundsharing with Ashford Town.

Ashford Town (Middlesex) F.C.
Ashford Town (Middlesex) Football Club are a football club based in Stanwell, Surrey, England. The club are currently members of the Combined Counties League Premier Division North and play at the Robert Parker Stadium in Short Lane. They are affiliated to both the Middlesex FA and the Surrey FA.
Protests against Faure Gnassingbé
Protests against President Faure Gnassingbé have occurred throughout Togo since he assumed power after the death of his father, Gnassingbé Eyadéma, in February 2005.

Opposition protesters have called on the Togolese government to establish presidential term limits according to the 1992 constitutional referendum, and have called on Gnassingbé to resign. Opposition parties contested the results of the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. From 2012 until the 2013 Togolese parliamentary election, opposition supporters protested certain electoral reforms believed to favour the ruling regime. Starting in August 2017, the opposition has held anti-government protests on a near-weekly basis, leading to a long-term period of domestic instability.

2015 Togolese presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Togo on 25 April 2015. Initially scheduled for 15 April 2015, the election was postponed by ten days at the recommendation of John Dramani Mahama, President of Ghana and acting chair of the ECOWAS organization. Incumbent President Faure Gnassingbé was seeking a third term and was opposed by four other candidates, including the main opposition leader Jean-Pierre Fabre of the National Alliance for Change. Provisional results by the National Independent Election Commission declared Gnassingbé the winner with about 59% of the vote, whilst Fabre received 35%. Fabre called the results a "crime against national sovereignty", saying he considered himself the new president.