hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atrasado Formation
The Atrasado Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico. Its fossil assemblage dates the formation to the Kasimovian age of the Pennsylvanian. It was formerly known locally as the Wild Cow Formation or the Guadelupe Box Formation.

Kasimovian
The Kasimovian is a geochronologic age or chronostratigraphic stage in the ICS geologic timescale. It is the third stage in the Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous), lasting from 307 to 303.7 Ma. The Kasimovian Stage follows the Moscovian and is followed by the Gzhelian.
The Kasimovian saw an extinction event which occurred around 305 mya, referred to as the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse. It roughly corresponds to the Missourian in North American geochronology and the Stephanian in western European geochronology.
Frank Markham
Sir Sydney Frank Markham (19 October 1897 – 13 October 1975) was a British politician who represented three constituencies, each on behalf of a different party, in Parliament. He was elected as the Labour member for Chatham from 1929, and defected to the National Labour Organisation by the 1931 election, at which he was returned as the member for Nottingham South. He served until his defeat in 1945. He then joined the Conservative Party, and was the MP for Buckingham from 1951 to 1964.

Buckingham (UK Parliament constituency)
Buckingham (/ˈbʌkɪŋəm/) was a constituency that existed from 1542 to 2024 and was last represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Greg Smith, a Conservative.

The seat was abolished for the 2024 general election and largely replaced by the new constituencies Buckingham and Bletchley and Mid Buckinghamshire, with some areas transferred to Aylesbury.
Cedar Lake Speedway
Cedar Lake Speedway is a 3/8 mile dirt clay oval race track located near New Richmond / Somerset, Wisconsin. Named after the nearby Cedar Lake, it hosts a weekly NASCAR racing program consisting of Late Models, Modifieds, Super Stocks, and Midwest Modifieds. It also hosts multi day events such as "The Masters," "The USA Nationals," "The Legendary 100," and the "Triple Crown." There is an Indoor Motocross facility and 1/5 mile dirt oval, Cedar Lake Arena, located directly behind the track.

Modified racing
Modified stock car racing, also known as modified racing and modified, is a type of auto racing that involves purpose-built cars simultaneously racing against each other on oval tracks. First established in the United States after World War II, this type of racing was early-on characterized by its participants' modification of passenger cars in pursuit of higher speeds, hence the name.

There are many sanctioning bodies for modifieds, each specifying different body styles and engine sizes.
Halle synagogue shooting
The Halle synagogue shooting occurred on 9 October 2019 in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, and continued in nearby Landsberg. After unsuccessfully trying to enter the synagogue in Halle during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, the attacker, 27-year-old neo-Nazi Stephan Balliet fatally shot two people nearby and later injured two others. Federal investigators called the attack far-right and antisemitic terrorism.

The federal Public Prosecutor General took over the investigation and declared it to be a "violation of Germany's internal security." Balliet was charged with two counts of murder and seven counts of attempted murder. On 10 November 2019, Balliet confessed to the charges before an investigative judge, and in December 2020, he was sentenced to life imprisonment with subsequent preventive detention. Following a thwarted prison escape attempt, which included a hostage taking, Balliet was sentenced to an additional seven years in prison in 2024.

Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur (/ˌjɒm kɪˈpʊər, ˌjɔːm ˈkɪpər, ˌjoʊm-/ ⓘ YOM kip-OOR, YAWM KIP-ər, YOHM-; Hebrew: יוֹם כִּפּוּר‎ Yōm Kippūr [ˈjom kiˈpuʁ], lit. 'Day of Atonement') is the holiest day of the year in Judaism. It occurs annually on the 10th of Tishrei, corresponding to a date in late September or early October.

For traditional Jewish people, it is primarily centered on atonement and repentance. The day's main observances consist of full fasting and asceticism, both accompanied by extended prayer services (usually at synagogue) and sin confessions. Some minor Jewish denominations, such as Reconstructionist Judaism, focus less on sins and more on one's goals and accomplishments and setting yearly intentions.

Alongside the related holiday of Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur is one of the two components of the High Holy Days of Judaism. It is also the last of the Ten Days of Repentance.
Boston Uprising
Boston Uprising were an American professional Overwatch esports team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The team competed in the Overwatch League (OWL) as a member of the league's West region. Founded in 2017, Boston was one of the League's twelve founding teams. The team was owned by Robert Kraft of the Kraft Group, who also owns the National Football League's New England Patriots and Uprising Academy, an academy team for the Uprising that compete in Overwatch Contenders.

Boston became the first team in Overwatch League history to go undefeated during a regular season stage, finishing 10–0 in Stage 3 of the 2018 season. After reaching the playoffs and finishing fifth in the final season standings in 2018, the organization returned to the playoffs only one other time, in 2023, the final season of the League.

Overwatch Contenders
Overwatch Contenders (OWC) was an international esports league for the video game Overwatch organized by Blizzard Entertainment. The series acts as the development league for aspiring Overwatch League (OWL) professionals. Founded in 2017, Contenders was created in part to consolidate existing regional tournaments into a structure to support the Overwatch League, including the Overwatch Apex tournament, Overwatch Premier Series, and Overwatch Pacific Championship.

Overwatch Contenders ceased operations in 2024, coinciding with the end of the Overwatch League.
Mathilde Hupin
Mathilde Hupin-Debeurme (born March 30, 1984) is a Canadian orthopaedic surgeon and former cyclist who competed in cross-country, mountain, road, and track events. She had competed in national and international cycling such as the Canada Summer Games, the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships, the La Coupe du Monde Cycliste Féminine de Montréal, the Tour du Grand Montréal and the Summer Paralympic Games. Hupin won a bronze medal in the Women's Road Individual Road Race in the B VI 1–3 as part of the Canadian delegation at the 2008 Beijing Summer Paralympics, acting as the visual guide for the blind cyclist Genevieve Ouellet. She works as an orthopaedic surgeon at the Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine and is a professor at the Université de Montréal Faculty of Medicine.

Canada at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Canada sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. 143 Canadian athletes competed in 17 sports. Canada also sent several officials to the games, including Tara Grieve in boccia and Andrew Smith in rowing. Canada finished seventh on the medal table at the Beijing games after finishing third on the medal table at the 2004 Summer Paralympics (behind China and Great Britain). Swimmer Donovan Tildesley, a world record-holder and medalist at the 2000 and 2004 Paralympics, was the country's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. The delegation is headed by Chef de Mission Debbie Low.

Chantal Petitclerc ties the 5 gold medal record at a single Games for a Canadian, repeating the feat she performed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, and tying Stephanie Dixon, who set the record at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.
Hundred of Gilbert
The Hundred of Gilbert is a cadastral unit of hundred in the northern Mount Lofty Ranges including the town of Riverton. It is one of the nine hundreds of the County of Light. It was proclaimed in 1851 by Governor Henry Young and named after the Gilbert River, which flows from north to south through the hundred. The river, in turn, was named in honour of South Australian pioneer Thomas Gilbert.

Riverton, Marrabel (west half), Rhynie (part east of Horrocks Highway), Giles Corner (part) and Tarlee of the Clare and Gilbert Valleys council are situated inside (or largely inside) the bounds of the Hundred of Gilbert, as well as Hamilton (west of Marrabel Road) of the Light Regional Council.

Light Regional Council
Light Regional Council is a local government area north of Adelaide in South Australia. It is based in the town of Kapunda, and includes the towns of Freeling, Greenock, Hansborough, Hewett, Roseworthy and Wasleys.

The council is named for the River Light, the south bank of which forms much of the council area's northwest border. The river is named after William Light, the first Surveyor-General of South Australia.
Amir Leshem
Amir Leshem (Hebrew: אמיר לשם; born: 1966) is an Israeli mathematician and researcher. He is a full professor at the Alexander Kofkin Faculty of Engineering at Bar‑Ilan University, where he heads the Signal Processing, Information Networks & Radio Astronomy (SPIRAL) Lab.

His research spans signal processing, multi‑agent learning, game theory, wireless communications, and radio astronomy imaging. Leshem is an IEEE Fellow "for contributions to multi-channel and multi-agent signal processing".

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Lac aux Biscuits
The lac aux Biscuits (Cookies Lake) (formerly named "Lac à la Croix" in French or Cross Lake in English) is located in Haute-Batiscanie in the municipality of Lac-Édouard, Quebec, in La Tuque, in the administrative region of the Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, Canada. The watershed discharge of "Lac aux Biscuits" (Cookies Lake) is 247 km², the sixth largest pool of Batiscanie.

Batiscanie
Batiscanie, a vernacular name, of a territory located in the Mauricie region, divided between the RCMs of Les Chenaux, Portneuf and Mékinac, in Quebec, Canada.

The name Batiscanie evokes, without geopositioning it, the territory of the Batiscan River watershed.
Doncaster Carr rail depot
Doncaster Carr rail depot (also known as Doncaster Train Maintenance Centre) is a railway vehicle maintenance depot located alongside the East Coast Main Line in Doncaster, England. It is presently operated by Hitachi as part of their contract to maintain the AT300 units for London North Eastern Railway and TransPennine Express.

The original facility Doncaster Locomotive depot was a major 12 road steam locomotive maintenance shed built by the Great Northern Railway (GNR) in 1876. The shed remained in use under the successor companies London and North Eastern Railway and British Railways, being significantly modified in the mid-1950s; steam locomotive use at the shed ended in the 1960s. Until the facility was selected as a maintenance depot for the new AT300 fleet, the depot was used for diesel locomotive maintenance.

Hitachi A-train
The Hitachi A-train is a family of rail rolling stock built and designed by Hitachi Rail using a common base and construction techniques. The stock is designed to facilitate a number of product life-cycle improvements including ease of manufacture, increased energy efficiency, and recyclability.
Mahmood Ali (Indian politician)
Mohammed Mahmood Ali (born 2 March 1952) is an Indian politician who was the Deputy Chief Minister of Telangana from 2014 until 2018. The departments of the State Home Ministry, Prisons and Fire Services were allocated to him during the 2nd K. Chandrasekhar Rao ministry, and he held them from 2018-2023. He is a member of Telangana Legislative Council.

Second K. Chandrashekar Rao ministry
The Second K. Chandrashekar Rao ministry was the highest decision-making body of executive branch of the Government of Telangana, headed by the Chief Minister of Telangana.

The 18-member cabinet (including chief minister) is its second, being sworn in by the Governor of Telangana on 13 December 2018, 19 February 2019 and 8 September 2019. It is headed by K. Chandrashekar Rao of the BRS, the first Chief Minister of Telangana.
1962 FIFA World Cup qualification (CCCF and NAFC)
The North, Central American and Caribbean section of the 1962 FIFA World Cup qualification acted as qualifiers for the 1962 FIFA World Cup in Chile, for national teams which are members of the CCCF and NAFC. Seven teams participated in the tournament to compete for one place in the inter-confederation play-offs against a CONMEBOL team.

1962 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs)
For the 1962 FIFA World Cup qualification, there were three inter-confederation play-offs to determine the final three qualification spots to the 1962 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played between 8 October – 26 November 1961.
S. G. Karmarkar
Rear Admiral Sadashiv Ganesh Karmarkar, MBE (17 October 1912 – 1988) was a flag officer in the Indian Navy. He was the first Indian officer to command a ship of the Royal Indian Navy. During World War II, he commanded the auxiliary patrol vessel HMIS Ratnagiri, for which he was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). He later became the first Indian to command British officers, when he commanded the sloop HMIS Kistna. He last served as the Flag Officer Bombay, from 1960 to 1964, before retiring.

Western Naval Command
The Western Naval Command is one of the three command–level formations of the Indian Navy. It is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. As the senior–most of the three formations, the command is responsible for the all naval forces in the Arabian Sea and western parts of the Indian Ocean and the naval establishments on the west coast of India.

The Command was formed on 1 March 1968. The Command is commanded by a Three Star Flag Officer of the rank of Vice Admiral with the title Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command (FOC-in-C). Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan is the current FOC-in-C WNC, who took over on 1 August 2025.
Phan Văn Tài Em
Phan Văn Tài Em (born April 23, 1982, in Châu Thành District, Long An) is a retired Vietnamese footballer who last played as a midfielder for Dong Tam Long An. He was a member of the Vietnam national football team. He was awarded as the Vietnamese Golden Ball in 2005.

Discovered by Henrique Calisto in 2002, he, since then, became a regular starter in the national team. He has played for the U-23 Vietnam in the 2005 Southeast Asian Games and 2007 Southeast Asian Games. In 2007, he was chosen to play for the national team in the 2007 Asian Cup.

In 2008, Tài Em, along with Nguyễn Minh Phương, captained Vietnam to win the 2008 AFF Suzuki Cup.

He spent most of his career in Gach Dong Ta Long An, but he had considered a move to Navibank Sai Gon

After the retirement of Nguyễn Minh Phương, Phan Văn Tài Em was handed the captain band of the Vietnam national football team by the new coach Falko Goetz.

In September 2016 Phan Văn Tài Em announced his retirement from football.

2008 AFF Championship
The 2008 AFF Championship was the seventh edition of the tournament. It was primarily sponsored by Suzuki and therefore officially known as the 2008 AFF Suzuki Cup. The group stage was held in Indonesia and Thailand from 5 to 10 December 2008. Two-legged home-and-away semi-finals and finals were held between 16 and 28 December 2008 in Singapore and Vietnam.

Singapore were the two-time defending champions, but were eliminated by Vietnam in the semi-finals. Vietnam, managed by Portuguese Henrique Calisto, won the tournament by a 3–2 victory in the two-legged final against Thailand to win their first title. In 2008, this was rank 7th of the top ten greatest football events in Asia by Goal.com.
Robert Seyfarth
Robert Seyfarth (/ˈsaɪfərθ/ SY-fərth) was an American architect based in Chicago, Illinois. He spent the formative years of his professional career working for the noted Prairie School architect George Washington Maher. A member of the influential Chicago Architectural Club, Seyfarth was a product of the Chicago School of Architecture.

Chicago school (architecture)
The Chicago School refers to two architectural styles derived from the architecture of Chicago. In the history of architecture, the first Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago in the late 19th, and at the turn of the 20th century. They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial esthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European Modernism. Much of its early work is also known as Commercial Style.

A "Second Chicago School" with a modernist esthetic emerged in the 1940s through 1970s, which pioneered new building technologies and structural systems, such as the tube-frame structure.
Stapylton baronets of Myton (1660)
The Stapylton baronetcy, or Stapleton, of Myton in Yorkshire, was created in the Baronetage of England on 22 June 1660 for Henry Stapylton.

Stapylton was a Member of Parliament for Boroughbridge. The second Baronet represented Aldborough and Boroughbridge in Parliament. The third Baronet was Member of Parliament for Boroughbridge. The fourth Baronet sat as a Knight of the Shire for Yorkshire. The title became extinct on the death of the eighth Baronet in 1817.

Henry Stapylton
Sir Henry Stapylton, 1st Baronet (c. 1617 – 26 March 1679) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1648 and 1660.

Stapylton was the son of Brian Stapylton and his wife Frances Slingsby, daughter of Sir Henry Slingsby  of Scriven.

In 1648, Stapylton was elected Member of Parliament for Boroughbridge in the Long Parliament but was excluded by the end of the year under Pride's Purge.

In 1660, Stapylton was elected MP for Boroughbridge in the Convention Parliament. In 1660 he was created baronet of Myton. In 1663 he was commissioned as Colonel of the Richmondshire Regiment, North Riding Militia.

Stapylton married Elizabeth Darcy, daughter of Conyers Darcy, 1st Earl of Holderness. His son Bryan succeeded him in the baronetcy.
Florian Marciniak
Florian Marciniak (codenames: Jerzy Nowak, Nowak, J.Krzemień, Szary, Flo; 4 May 1915 in Gorzyce, Kościan County – 20/21 February 1944 in Gross-Rosen) was a Polish scoutmaster (harcmistrz), and the first Naczelnik (Chief Scout) of the paramilitary scouting resistance organization, the Szare Szeregi, during the Second World War.

Marciniak was a graduate of St. John Cantius High School in Poznań. He was arrested by the Gestapo on 6 May 1943 and murdered in February 1944 at the Gross-Rosen concentration camp.

Gross-Rosen concentration camp
Gross-Rosen was a network of Nazi concentration camps built and operated by Nazi Germany during World War II. The main camp was located in the German village of Gross-Rosen, now the modern-day Rogoźnica in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, directly on the rail-line between the towns of Jawor (Jauer) and Strzegom (Striegau). Its prisoners were mostly Jews, Poles and Soviet citizens.

At its peak activity in 1944, the Gross-Rosen complex had up to 100 subcamps located in eastern Germany and in German-occupied Czechoslovakia and Poland. The population of all Gross-Rosen camps at that time accounted for 11% of the total number of inmates incarcerated in the Nazi concentration camp system.
Tab Smith
Talmadge "Tab" Smith (January 11, 1909 – August 17, 1971) was an American swing and rhythm and blues alto saxophonist. He is best remembered for the tracks "Because of You" and "Pretend". He worked with Count Basie, the Mills Rhythm Boys and Lucky Millinder.

Count Basie
William James "Count" Basie (/ˈbeɪsi/; August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two "split" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, his minimalist piano style, and others.

Many musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry "Sweets" Edison, plunger trombonist Al Grey, and singers Jimmy Rushing, Helen Humes, Dennis Rowland, Thelma Carpenter, and Joe Williams.

As a composer, Basie is known for writing such jazz standards as "Blue and Sentimental", "Jumpin' at the Woodside" and "One O'Clock Jump".
David Barniville
David Barniville is an Irish judge who has served as President of the High Court since July 2022 and a Judge of the High Court since July 2022, and previously from 2017 to 2021. He previously served as a Judge of the Court of Appeal from 2021 to 2022. He is also a former Chair of the Bar Council of Ireland. He is an ex officio member of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal.

Court of Appeal (Ireland)
The Court of Appeal (Irish: An Chúirt Achomhairc) is a court in Ireland that sits between the High Court and Supreme Court. Its jurisdiction derives from Article 34.4. It was established in 2014, taking over the existing appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in 2014 and replacing the Court of Criminal Appeal and the Courts-Martial Appeal Court (subject to transitional provisions). Appeals to the Supreme Court are at that Court's discretion.
Governor of Bayburt
The Governor of Bayburt (Turkish: Bayburt Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Bayburt. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Bayburt is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Bayburt. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Bayburt provincial police force and the Bayburt Gendarmerie.

Governor (Turkey)
In Turkey, a governor (Turkish: Vali) is an official responsible for the implementation of legislation, constitutional and government decisions in individual provinces. There are 81 governors in Turkey, one for each province, appointed ceremonially by the president on the recommendation of the Interior Ministry. Governors are legally required to be politically neutral and have power over public offices within their province, including the provincial police force. They also have a certain role in local government, though mayors and councillors are elected to these roles in local elections. The provincial head of security (the police force) also concurrently serves as deputy governor.

The Kaymakam (roughly translated as 'sub-governor') has similar functions and roles as the governor but operates on a district level.
Atom-bond connectivity index
The atom-bond connectivity index (ABC index) is a topological index in chemical graph theory that combines information from both vertices (atoms) and edges (bonds) in a molecular graph. It was introduced by Ernesto Estrada, Luis Torres, Lissette Rodriguez, and Ivan Gutman in 1998.

The ABC index differs fundamentally from the connectivity index in that it does not primarily measure molecular branching. This makes it particularly useful for modeling properties that are weakly dependent on branching, such as enthalpy of formation.

Zagreb indices
The Zagreb indices are among the oldest topological indices in chemical graph theory, introduced in 1972 by Ivan Gutman and Nenad Trinajstić. These graph invariants were originally developed to study the structure-dependency of total -electron energy in conjugated molecules and have since become widely used in QSAR/QSPR studies.