hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Obusier de 8 Vallière
The Obusier de 8 de Vallière was a type of howitzer designed by the French officer Joseph-Florent de Vallière, Director-General of the Battalions and Schools of the Artillery. The 8-pouce howitzer was a late addition to the Vallière system which was established in 1732 with the intention of reducing the variety of cannons to five calibers and the types of mortars to three calibers, of standardizing their production, and of manufacturing all new artillery pieces in France.

Note that a pouce or French inch is equal to 27.07 mm (1.066 in). Therefore, 8-pouce equals 216.55 mm (8.526 in). A French pound (livre) was equal to 489.41 g (1.079 lb) while an English pound was equal to 453.6 g.

Canon de 16 de Vallière
The Canon de 16 de Vallière was a type of cannon designed by the French officer Jean-Florent de Vallière (1667–1759), Director-General of the Battalions and Schools of the Artillery. The 16-pounder gun was part of the Vallière system which was established in 1732 with the intention to reduce the variety of cannons to five calibers and the number of mortars to three calibers, to standardize their production, and to manufacture all new artillery pieces in France.
1904 United States presidential election in California
The 1904 United States presidential election in California took place on November 8, 1904, as part of the 1904 United States presidential election. State voters chose 10 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

California voted for the Republican incumbent, Theodore Roosevelt and his running mate Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. They defeated the Democratic nominees, former Chief Judge of New York Court of Appeals Alton B. Parker and his running mate, former US Senator Henry G. Davis of West Virginia. Roosevelt won the state by a wide margin of 34.9%. This was the first election in which a Republican carried Fresno County, Glenn County, Kern County, Lake County, Merced County, Modoc County, San Benito County, Stanislaus County, and Tulare County. Additionally, this was first time since 1872 that a Republican carried El Dorado County and Yolo County.

San Benito County, California
San Benito County (/ˌsæn bəˈniːtoʊ/ ⓘ; San Benito, Spanish for "St. Benedict"), officially the County of San Benito, is a county located in the Central Coast region of California. Situated in the California Coast Ranges, the county had a population of 64,209, as of the 2020 United States census. The county seat is the city of Hollister.

San Benito County is included in the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. El Camino Real passes through the county and includes one mission in San Juan Bautista.
Edwin Willard Deming
Edwin Willard Deming (August 26, 1860 – 1942) was an American visual artist and illustrator, who was known for his genre paintings of indigenous tribe members (particularly of the Blackfeet tribe) and wild animals. He worked as a painter, muralist, illustrator, and sculptor. One of his murals was adapted for use on U.S. postage. Deming was also known as E. W. Deming, Man-Afraid-of-His-Name, and Eight Bears.

Blackfeet Nation
The Blackfeet Nation (Blackfoot: Aamsskáápipikani / ǎmssk̇ǎaṗiiṗiik̇ǔni, Pikuni / ṗiik̇ǔni), officially named the Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana, is a federally recognized tribe of Siksikaitsitapi people with an Indian reservation in Montana. Tribal members primarily belong to the Piegan Blackfeet (Ampskapi Piikani) band of the larger Blackfoot Confederacy that spans Canada and the United States.

The Blackfeet Indian Reservation is located east of Glacier National Park and borders Alberta. Cut Bank Creek and Birch Creek form part of its eastern and southern borders. The reservation contains 3,000 square miles (7,800 km2), twice the size of the national park and larger than the state of Delaware. It is located in parts of Glacier and Pondera counties.
Buchans Miners
The Buchans Miners were a senior ice hockey team based in Buchans, Newfoundland and Labrador and were a member of the Newfoundland Senior Hockey League.
The Miners were awarded the Herder Memorial Trophy seven times as all-Newfoundland senior hockey champions, including three consecutive championships from 1950 to 1952. The club folded in 1970 but came back for one season in the late seventies.

Newfoundland Senior Hockey League
The Newfoundland Senior Hockey League (NSHL) was a senior ice hockey league in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada founded in 2011. The NSHL operated for three seasons from 2011–2012 to 2013–2014.  The league competed for the Herder Memorial Trophy and its teams were eligible for the Allan Cup playoffs.
606th Special Operations Squadron
The 606th Special Operations Squadron  is an inactive unit of the United States Air Force.  The squadron was first activated as the 606th Air Commando Squadron in March 1966 and stationed at Nakhon Phanom Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand.  The squadron flew C-123 Provider and A-26A bomber aircraft over the Ho Chi Minh trail at night during the Vietnam War to interdict the movement of people and equipment. The squadron was inactivated on 30 June 1971.

Fairchild C-123 Provider
The Fairchild C-123 Provider is an American military transport aircraft designed by Chase Aircraft and built by Fairchild Aircraft for the U.S. Air Force. In addition to its USAF service, which included later service with the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard, it went on to serve the U.S. Coast Guard and various air forces in Southeast Asia. During the War in Vietnam, the C-123 was used to deliver supplies, to evacuate the wounded, for agent insertions behind enemy lines, and was also used to spray Agent Orange.
Alpine, Texas
Alpine (/ˈælpaɪn/ AL-pyne) is a city in and the county seat of Brewster County, Texas, United States.  Its population was 6,035 at the 2020 census. The town has an elevation of 4,462 feet (1,360 m), and the surrounding mountain peaks are over 1 mile (1.6 km) above sea level. A university, hospital, library, and retail make Alpine the center of the sprawling 12,000 square miles (3,108,000 ha) but wide-open Big Bend area (combined population 12,500) including Brewster, Presidio, and Jeff Davis Counties.

Presidio County, Texas
Presidio County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 6,131. Its county seat is Marfa. The county was created in 1850 and later organized in 1875. Presidio County (K-5 in Texas topological index of counties) is in the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas and is named for the border settlement of Presidio del Norte (now Ojinaga, Mexico). It is on the Rio Grande, which forms the Mexican border.
Volker Rohde
Volker Rohde (4 May 1939 – 22 October 2000) was a German conductor and academic teacher. After being principal conductor of the Orchester des Opernhauses Halle from 1976 to 1979, he subsequently served as deputy principal conductor at the Semper Oper Dresden and as musical director at the Oper Leipzig.

Semperoper
The Semperoper (German pronunciation: [ˈzɛmpɐˌʔoːpɐ] ⓘ) is the opera house of the Sächsische Staatsoper Dresden (Saxon State Opera) and the concert hall of the Staatskapelle Dresden (Saxon State Orchestra). It is also home to the Semperoper Ballett. The building is located on the Theaterplatz near the Elbe River in the historic centre of Dresden, Germany.

The opera house was originally built by the architect Gottfried Semper in 1841. After a devastating fire in 1869, the opera house was rebuilt, partly again by Semper, and completed in 1878. The opera house has a long history of premieres, including major works by Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.
Southern Linc
Southern Communications Services, Inc. (d/b/a as Southern Linc, and formerly as SouthernLINC Wireless) is a regional LTE carrier providing coverage in areas of the southeast United States including Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia.

The company has been recognized for its robust performance during severe weather including Hurricane Katrina, wherein SouthernLINC had recovered to 100% system availability within 72 hours of landfall.

LTE (telecommunication)
In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for cellular mobile devices and data terminals. It is considered to be a "transitional" 4G technology, and is therefore also referred to as 3.95G as a step above 3G.

LTE is based on the 2G GSM/EDGE and 3G UMTS/HSPA standards. It improves on those standards' capacity and speed by using a different radio interface and core network improvements. LTE is the upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA2000 networks. LTE has been succeeded by LTE Advanced, which is officially defined as a "true" 4G technology and also named "LTE+".
Government of the Republic of the Rif
The Government of the Republic of the Rif was established on 18 September 1921 when the Riffian Tribes, led by Abd el-Krim, beat Spain in the Battle of Annual during the Rif War and created the Confederal Republic of the Tribes of the Rif.

The Republic of the Rif is considered the first-ever independent non-monarchical modern Amazigh state.

After the Riffian victory, President Abd el-Krim and his Council of Ministers issued a document titled "Government of the Rif Republic; Declaration of State and Proclamation to all Nations" declaring the independence of the Rif from the Franco-Spanish colonial dominion and from the Arab-Alouite Sultan Yusef of Morocco.

Abd el-Krim
Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Karīm al-Khaṭṭābī (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الكريم الخطابي), better known as Abd el-Krim (Arabic: عبد الكريم; 12 January 1882 – 6 February 1963), was a Moroccan revolutionary, religious, political and military leader and the president of the Republic of the Rif. He and his brother M'Hammad led a large-scale revolt by a coalition of Riffian tribes against the Spanish and French Protectorates of the Rif and the rest of Morocco. His guerrilla tactics, which included the first-ever use of tunneling as a technique of modern warfare, directly influenced Ho Chi Minh, Mao Zedong and Che Guevara. He also became one of the major figures of Arab nationalism, which he actively supported.
Eric Miéville
Sir Eric Charles Miéville GCIE KCVO CSI CMG (31 January 1896 – 16 September 1971) was a senior British civil servant who served as Assistant Private Secretary to George VI from 1937 to 1945, and who also served as Private Secretary to several Governors-General of India and Canada.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
Electrocatalyst
An electrocatalyst is a catalyst that participates in electrochemical reactions. Electrocatalysts are a specific form of catalysts that function at electrode surfaces or, most commonly, may be the electrode surface itself. An electrocatalyst can be heterogeneous such as a platinized electrode.  Homogeneous electrocatalysts, which are soluble, assist in transferring electrons between the electrode and reactants, and/or facilitate an intermediate chemical transformation described by an overall half reaction. Major challenges in electrocatalysts focus on fuel cells.

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Custody suite
A custody suite is an area within a police station in the United Kingdom designed and adapted to process and detain those who have been arrested, or who are there for purposes such as answering bail.

Historically, all police stations had a small number of individual cells where offenders could be detained. However, in recent years, most detainees are more likely to be taken to large police stations which are designated to hold prisoners. Suites are also known as custody centres.

Prison cell
A prison cell (also known as a jail cell) is a small room in a prison or police station where a prisoner is held. Cells greatly vary by their furnishings, hygienic services, and cleanliness, both across countries and based on the level of punishment to which the prisoner being held has been sentenced. Cells can be occupied by one or multiple prisoners depending on factors that include, but are not limited to, inmate population, facility size, resources, or inmate behavior.
Oskar Werner
Oskar Werner (German: [ˈɔskaʁ ˈvɛʁnɐ]; born Oskar Josef Bschließmayer; 13 November 1922 – 23 October 1984) was an Austrian stage and cinema actor who reached international fame. His most prominent roles include two 1965 films, The Spy Who Came In from the Cold and Ship of Fools. For the former, Werner won a Golden Globe Award. For the latter, Werner received an Oscar nomination. Other notable films include Decision Before Dawn (1951), Lola Montès (1955), Jules and Jim (1962), Fahrenheit 451 (1966), The Shoes of the Fisherman (1968), and Voyage of the Damned (1976).

Werner accepted both stage and film roles throughout his career. He won a  New York Film Critics Circle Award, a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated two additional Golden Globes, as well as two BAFTA  Awards, and an Academy Award, among other honors.

BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
The BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role is an award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). It has been awarded since the 6th British Academy Film Awards to an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role in a film. From 1952 to 1967, there were two Best Actor awards: one for a British actor and another for a foreign actor. In 1968, the two prizes of British and Foreign actor were combined to create a single Best Actor award. Its current title, for Best Actor in a Leading Role, has been used since 1995.

Peter Finch has the most wins in the category with five. The most recent winner of the award is Robert Aramayo for I Swear (2025).
Platynota
Platynota is a polyphyletic group of anguimorph lizards and thus belongs to the order Squamata of the class Reptilia. Since it was named in 1839, it has included several groups, including monitor lizards, snakes, mosasaurs, and helodermatids. Its taxonomic use still varies, as it is sometimes considered equivalent to the group Varanoidea and other times viewed as a distinct group. It is phylogenetically defined as a clade containing Varanidae (the monitor lizards). It also includes many extinct species.

Monitor lizard
Monitor lizards are lizards in the genus Varanus, the only extant genus in the family Varanidae. They are native to Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and one species is also found in the southern United States as an invasive species.  About 94 species are recognized.

Monitor lizards have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. The adult length of extant species ranges from 20 cm (7.9 in) in some species such as Varanus sparnus, to over 3 m (10 ft) in the case of the Komodo dragon, though the extinct megalania (Varanus priscus) may have reached lengths of more than 7 m (23 ft). Most monitor species are terrestrial, but many are also arboreal or semiaquatic. While most monitor lizards are carnivorous, eating smaller reptiles, fish, birds, insects, small mammals, and eggs, a few species also eat fruit and vegetation.
Asim Raza
Asim Raza (/rɑːzɑː/; Urdu: عاصم رضا) is a Pakistani film and television commercial director and producer. In 2004, Raza won the Lux Style Award for Best Music Video Director for "Mahi Ve". In 2013, Raza directed a television film, Behadd which won the Hum Award for Best Television Film. Raza marked his feature film debut with a coming-of-age drama  Ho Mann Jahaan, Raza owns a production company called The Vision Factory.

Hum Awards
Hum Awards are annual Pakistani accolades bestowed by the Hum Network in recognition of excellence in programming of television, fashion and music industry of Pakistan. Winners are awarded the Hum Award of Merit. The awards were first presented in 2013.
Hanhiperä
Hanhiperä is a district and a statistical area of Jyväskylä, Finland. It is a remote part of Jyväskylä with only a few houses and only 6 permanent inhabitants as of 2021.

The district of Hanhiperä borders Valkeamäki in the north, Keltinmäki in the east, Taka-Keljo in the south and Vesanka in the west. It also has a small border with the municipality of Muurame in the west. The main road of Hanhiperä and Valkeamäki is Hanhiperäntie, which leads to the road 6015 (Vesangantie), in turn connecting Hanhiperä to central Jyväskylä and the national road 18/23.

Keltinmäki
Keltinmäki is a district of Jyväskylä, Finland. It is located about 5–6 kilometers southwest of the city center. Keltinmäki was built mostly during the 1970s, but some areas in the district were built in the 1980s–2000s. The residential buildings in Keltinmäki are mostly apartment buildings and row houses, but there are also some single-family house neighborhoods in the area.

The official district of Keltinmäki also includes the suburbs of Mäyrämäki, Mustalampi, Ylä-Mäyrämäki, Myllyjärvi and Ylä-Myllyjärvi (Ylämyllyjärvi).
Radioplane Company
The Radioplane Company was an American aviation company that produced drone aircraft primarily for use as gunnery targets. During World War II, they produced over 9,400 of their Radioplane OQ-3 model, a propeller-powered monoplane, making it the most-used target aircraft in the US. In the post-World War II era they introduced their Radioplane BTT series, which was produced for years and eventually reached almost 60,000 examples. They also produced several radio control and self-guided missiles, the largest being the GAM-67 Crossbow, which did not enter service. The company was purchased by Northrop Corporation in 1952, and moved to one of Northrop's factories in 1962. One of the last projects carried out at the original Radioplane factory in Van Nuys, California, was the construction of the Gemini Paraglider.

Northrop Corporation
Northrop Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer from its formation in 1939 until its 1994 merger with Grumman to form Northrop Grumman. The company is known for its development of the flying wing design, most successfully the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
Council for New England
The Council for New England was a 17th-century English joint stock company to which James I of England awarded a royal charter, with the purpose of expanding his realm over parts of North America by establishing colonial settlements.

The Council was established in November of 1620, and was disbanded (although with no apparent changes in land titles) in 1635. It provided for the establishment of the Plymouth Colony, the Province of New Hampshire, the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the New Haven Colony, and the Province of Maine.

Sir Ferdinand Gorges was a major promoter of English colonization of New England, and was a key figure in establishment and operations of the Council.

New Haven Colony
New Haven Colony was an English colony from 1638 to 1664 that included settlements on the north shore of Long Island Sound, with outposts in modern-day New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. The colony joined Connecticut Colony in 1664.

The history of the colony was a series of disappointments and failures. The most serious problem was that New Haven Colony never had a charter giving it legal title to exist.  The larger, stronger colony of Connecticut to the north did have a charter. New Haven's leaders were businessmen and traders, but they were never able to build up a large or profitable trade because their agricultural base was poor, farming the rocky soil was difficult, and the location was isolated.
Ben Peach
Benjamin Neeve Peach FRS FRSE FGS  (6 September 1842 – 29 January 1926) was a British geologist. He is best remembered for his work on the Northwest Highlands and Southern Uplands with John Horne, by which they resolved the long-running "Highlands Controversy" with the 1907 publication The Geological Structure of the North-West Highlands of Scotland.

Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe, with more than 12,000 Fellows.

Fellows are entitled to the postnominal FGS (Fellow of the Geological Society), over 2,000 of whom are Chartered Geologists (CGeol). The Society is a registered charity, no. 210161
. It is also a member of the Science Council, and is licensed to award Chartered Scientist to qualifying members.

The mission of the society is: "Making geologists acquainted with each other, stimulating their zeal, inducing them to adopt one nomenclature, facilitating the communication of new facts and ascertaining what is known in their science and what remains to be discovered".
Emaraaty Ana
Emaraaty Ana (foaled 10 May 2016) is a British thoroughbred racehorse. He showed top-class form as a two-year-old in 2018 when he won the Group 2 Gimcrack Stakes but won only one minor race in the next two seasons and was gelded as a four-year-old. He returned as a high-class sprinter at the age of five when he ran second in the Nunthorpe Stakes before winning the Group 1 Haydock Sprint Cup.

Gelding
A gelding (/ˈɡɛldɪŋ/) is a castrated male horse or other equine, such as a pony, donkey or a mule. The term is also used with certain other animals and livestock, such as domesticated camels. The equivalent terms for castrated male cattle are steer or bullock, and wether for sheep and goats.

Castration renders the male animal calmer, better-behaved, less sexually aggressive, and more responsive to training efforts. This makes the animal generally more suitable as an everyday working animal, or as a pet in the case of companion animals. The gerund and participle "gelding" and the infinitive "to geld" refer to the castration procedure itself.