hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oregon Treaty
The Oregon Treaty was a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States that was signed on June 15, 1846, in Washington, D.C. The treaty brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon Country through partition.  The area had been jointly occupied by both Britain and the U.S. since the Treaty of 1818.

San Juan Islands
The San Juan Islands are part of an archipelago in the Pacific Northwest of the United States between the U.S. state of Washington and Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The San Juan Islands are part of Washington state, and form the core of San Juan County.

In the archipelago, four islands are accessible to vehicular and foot traffic via the Washington State Ferries system.
Unified Fire Authority
The Unified Fire Authority of Greater Salt Lake provides fire protection and emergency medical services for the unincorporated Salt Lake County, Utah as well as for 9 cities located within the Salt Lake Metropolitan Area. These cities include Alta, Cottonwood Heights, Eagle Mountain, Herriman, Holladay, Midvale, Riverton and Taylorsville.

Herriman, Utah
Herriman (/ˈhɛrɪmən/ HERR-ih-mən) is a city in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, located in southwestern Salt Lake County, Utah. The population was 55,144 as of the 2020 census. Although Herriman was a town in 2000, it has since been classified as a third-class city by state law. The city has experienced rapid growth since incorporation in 1999, as its population was just 1,523 at the 2000 census. It grew from being the 111th-largest incorporated place in Utah in 2000 to the 14th-largest in 2020.
Planta, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Planta [ˈplanta] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iwaniska, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) east of Iwaniska, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Opatów, and 51 km (32 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Iwaniska
Gmina Iwaniska is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Iwaniska, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Opatów and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 105.03 square kilometres (40.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,107.
1909–10 Irish Cup
The 1909–10 Irish Cup was the 30th edition of the Irish Cup, premier knock-out cup competition in Irish football.

Distillery won the tournament for the 9th time, defeating Cliftonville 1–0 in the final.

Lisburn Distillery F.C.
Lisburn Distillery Football Club is a Northern Irish intermediate football club who are based in Ballyskeagh, Lisburn. A founder member of the Irish League, they currently play in the NIFL Premier Intermediate League, the third tier of the Northern Ireland Football League. The club was simply known as Distillery Football Club from 1880 to 1999.
The Singing Bee (Australian game show)
The Singing Bee is an Australian game show which is based on the original American version of the same name. By combining karaoke singing with a spelling bee-style competition, contestants have to sing lyrics to songs without making a mistake or risk elimination.

The show premiered on Sunday 7 October 2007 on the Nine Network, which ordered the production of an initial eight episodes. It was filmed at the Nine Network's GTV-9 studios at Richmond, Victoria. The Singing Bee followed the basic rules of the American version of the show but some rule changes have been made for the Australian version.

On 22 March 2008, it was announced by the Nine Network that The Singing Bee would return for a second season, with filming set to take place after the 2008 Logies. Tim Campbell took over as host from Joey Fatone. The season premiered on the Nine Network at 8.30pm on Thursday 10 July 2008.
Melbourne radio host Craig Huggins was the announcer and voice over on both seasons.

Lucy Holmes
Lucy Anne Holmes is a British-born Australian performer, TV presenter, radio host, screenplay writer and director.

She has studied a degree in Music Theatre and has since worked as a professional singer, actress and presenter, recording artist and backing vocalist. She has modelled for companies such as TDK, Rutherfords Jewellery, ME Bank and Shoe Sales.
Farman F.160
The Farman F.160 was a heavy bomber aircraft developed in France in the late 1920s. It was essentially an attempt by Farman Aviation Works to modernise its tremendously successful F.60 Goliath design of the immediately postwar years. The most noticeable external difference was the larger tailfin of the new aircraft. Like its predecessor, it was a large three-bay biplane of conventional configuration with unstaggered wings of equal span. Initially conceived as a heavy night bomber, most examples built were float-equipped torpedo bombers for the Aéronautique Maritime, which operated some 40 of the F.165 variant and 200 of the F.168. One of the original F.160 night bombers was exported to Italy, and one to Japan. Plans to develop airliner versions did not progress past the prototype stage.

French Naval Aviation
French Naval Aviation (often abbreviated in French to: Aéronavale (contraction of Aéronautique navale), or Aviation navale, or more simply l'Aéro) is the naval air arm of the French Navy. The long-form official designation is Force maritime de l'aéronautique navale. Born as a fusion of aircraft carrier squadrons and the naval patrol air force, the Aéronavale was created in 1912. The force is under the command of a flag officer officially titled Admiral of Naval Aviation (ALAVIA) with his headquarters at Toulon naval base. It has a strength of around 6,800 military and civilian personnel. It operates from four airbases in Metropolitan France and several detachments in foreign countries or French overseas territories. Carrier-borne pilots of the French Navy do their initial training at Salon-de-Provence Air Base after which they undergo their carrier qualification with the US Navy.
Harry Enfield's Brand Spanking New Show
Harry Enfield's Brand Spanking New Show is a British sketch show (sketch comedy) starring Harry Enfield. It was first broadcast on Sky 1 in 2000 for one series.

The series followed Enfield's first project Harry Enfield's Television Programme. Seven years later, Enfield returned with Harry and Paul, once again on the BBC. Enfield admitted in 2010 that he didn't give the series his full attention, as he was involved in the editing of Kevin & Perry Go Large at the same time as the show's production, so the show suffered as a result.

A compilation of some of the best sketches from the series was released on DVD in 2002.

Harry Enfield
Henry Richard Enfield (born 30 May 1961) is an English comedian and actor. He is known in particular for his television work, including Harry Enfield's Television Programme, Harry Enfield & Chums and Harry & Paul, across which he created and portrayed comedy characters such as Kevin the Teenager, Loadsamoney, Smashie and Nicey, The Scousers, Tim Nice-But-Dim and Mr "You Don't Want to Do It Like That".
Choi Tak Estate
Choi Tak Estate (Chinese: 彩德邨), formerly Choi Wan Road Site 2 (Chinese: 彩雲路2區) and Choi Wan Road Site 3A (Chinese: 彩雲道3A區), is a public housing estate in Ping Shan, Kowloon, Hong Kong next to Choi Ying Estate. Choi Tak Estate is a part of the housing development near Jordan Valley. It is developed into two phases and all blocks were completed in 2010 and 2011 respectively.

Ping Shan, Kowloon
Ping Shan (Chinese: 平山) is a hill in Kwun Tong District, eastern Kowloon that lies between the communities of Ngau Chi Wan, Kowloon Bay and Jordan Valley, Hong Kong. Most of it was the Ping Shan Stone Quarry before redevelopedment into a new neighbourhood with numerous public housing estates and schools. Being unlabelled in most maps, it was often mistaken as part of the forementioned neighbourhoods and Ngau Tau Kok.
Culpability
In criminal law, culpability, or being culpable, is a measure of the degree to which an agent, such as a person, can be held morally or legally responsible for action and inaction. It has been noted that the word culpability "ordinarily has normative force, for in nonlegal English, a person is culpable only if he is justly to blame for his conduct". The guilt principle requires that in order to convict a person it is necessary to ascertain his voluntary or reckless behaviour, Strict Liability being prohibited.

Mens rea
In criminal law, mens rea (/ˈmɛnz ˈreɪə/; Law Latin for "guilty mind") is the mental state of a defendant who is accused of committing a crime. In common law jurisdictions, most crimes require proof both of mens rea and actus reus ("guilty act") before the defendant can be found guilty.
Slavonian Military Frontier
The Slavonian Military Frontier (Croatian: Slavonska vojna krajina or Slavonska vojna granica; Serbian: Славонска војна крајина; German: Slawonische Militärgrenze; Hungarian: Szlavón határőrvidék) was a district of the Military Frontier, a territory in the Habsburg monarchy, first during the period of the Austrian Empire and then during the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.  It was formed out of territories the Habsburgs conquered from the Ottoman Empire and included southern parts of Slavonia and Syrmia; today the area it covered is mostly in eastern Croatia, with its easternmost parts in northern Serbia (mostly in Vojvodina region.)

Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin (Serbian Cyrillic: Петроварадин, pronounced [petroʋarǎdiːn]) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across the main part of Novi Sad, it is built around the Petrovaradin Fortress, the historical anchor of the modern city.
Topkhana Road
Topkhana Road is a road spanning across Segunbagicha and Paltan areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is a major road that houses many important government buildings. The road starts at the Foreign Ministry intersection at Segunbagicha and ends in the Doinik Bangla Intersection.

Segunbagicha
Segunbagicha (Bengali: সেগুনবাগিচা, romanized: Shegunbagicha, lit. 'Garden of the Teaks') is an upscale residential, administrative, commercial, and institutional neighbourhood in south-central Dhaka, Bangladesh. The neighbourhood is an important area of Dhaka featuring a large number of government and residential complexes. It acts as a bridge between the major thanas of Ramna, Shahbagh, Dhanmondi, Paltan and Motijheel, and is located at the crossroads of Ramna, Shahbag and Paltan thanas.

Segunbagicha is a centre of government office building and institutions including the headquarters of National Security Intelligence, Anti-Corruption Commission (commonly known as duduk; দুদক), Motsho Bhobon (building of Department of Fisheries), Bangladesh Secretariat, the International Mother Language Institute, Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy, the Public Works Department, the Bangladesh Department of Architecture, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as well as several tax zones.
Ławy, Łódź Voivodeship
Ławy [ˈwavɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bełchatów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Bełchatów and 44 km (27 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 250.

Gmina Bełchatów
Gmina Bełchatów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Bełchatów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 179.89 square kilometres (69.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,306.
Pat Vincent
Patrick Bernard Vincent (6 January 1926 – 10 April 1983) was a New Zealand rugby union player and later a rugby coach in the United States. A halfback, Vincent represented Canterbury at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1956. He played just two games for the All Blacks, both of them test matches against the touring South African team, and was captain on both occasions. He went on to be the Canterbury coach between 1959 and 1962.

Vincent was educated at Christchurch Boys' High School, and then studied at Canterbury University College, from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1948.

Christchurch Boys' High School
Christchurch Boys' High School, often referred to as CBHS, is a single sex state secondary school in Christchurch, New Zealand. It is situated on a 12-hectare (30-acre) site between the suburbs of Riccarton and Fendalton, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the west of central Christchurch. The school also provides boarding facilities for 130 boys in a residence called Adams House located about 500 metres (1,600 ft) to the east. The school's colours are deep blue and black with an occasional flash of gold.
Florence Tullis
Florence "Rusty" Tullis (née Steinberg; May 29, 1936 – November 11, 2006), also known as Rusty Dennis, Rusty Mason, and Rusty Dennis Mason, was an American woman known for being the mother of Rocky Dennis, who was diagnosed with craniodiaphyseal dysplasia. Their story was depicted in the 1985 film Mask, in which Tullis was portrayed by Cher.

Mask (1985 film)
Mask is a 1985 American biographical drama film directed by Peter Bogdanovich and written by Anna Hamilton Phelan. It stars Cher, Sam Elliott, and Eric Stoltz. The film is based on the life and early death of Roy L. "Rocky" Dennis, a boy who had craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, an extremely rare genetic disorder known commonly as lionitis due to the disfiguring cranial enlargements that it causes. Mask won the Academy Award for Best Makeup at the 58th ceremony, while Cher and Stoltz received Golden Globe Award nominations for their performances and Cher won the 1985 Cannes Film Festival award for Best Actress.
John Randall, Baron Randall of Uxbridge
Alexander John Randall, Baron Randall of Uxbridge, PC (born 5 August 1955) is a British politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Uxbridge from 1997 to 2010 and for Uxbridge and South Ruislip until 2015, before being awarded a life peerage in 2018. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as Government Deputy Chief Whip from May 2010 and October 2013, as well as Environment Adviser to Theresa May from 2017 to 2019.

Lord Randall is a trustee and Vice-Chair of the Human Trafficking Foundation and in February 2016 was appointed Special Envoy on modern slavery to the Mayor of London, alongside Anthony Steen.

Uxbridge and South Ruislip
Uxbridge and South Ruislip is a constituency in Greater London represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since its 2010 creation. The seat has been held by Danny Beales of the Labour Party since July 2024.

From 2015 to 2023, the seat was held by former Prime Minister (2019–2022) Boris Johnson, of the Conservative Party. Johnson won the seat in 2015 with a majority of 10,695. In 2017, as Foreign Secretary, he won a narrower majority of 5,034 votes. In 2019, as Prime Minister, he won an increased majority of 7,210. Johnson formally resigned in June 2023 after receiving a copy of the Standard Committee's report into Partygate, which recommended a recall petition. The subsequent by-election was won by Conservative candidate Steve Tuckwell, who then lost the seat to Danny Beales in the 2024 general election.

An estimate by the House of Commons Library puts the "Leave" vote by the constituency in the 2016 referendum at 57.2%.
Kadalora Kavithaigal
Kadalora Kavithaigal (transl. Poems by the Sea) is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Bharathiraja. The film stars Sathyaraj and Rekha, with Raja, Janagaraj and Kamala Kamesh in supporting roles. It is about transformation of a ruffian, who has a prison record and his understanding of love through an elementary education. In that process, he falls in love with the school teacher.

Kadalora Kavithaigal was the debut film for Rekha and Raja. It was primarily shot in Muttom, Kanyakumari. The film was released on 5 July 1986, and was remade twice in Telugu as Aradhana (1987) and Kauravudu (2000) and in Kannada as Kowrava (1998).

Kowrava
Kowrava is a 1998 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by S. Mahendar. The film stars B. C. Patil and Prema in the lead roles. The core theme of the movie is loosely based on the Tamil film Kadalora Kavithaigal (1986). The film was remade in Telugu as Kauravudu (2000).
Grillion's
Grillion's was a London dining club founded in 1812.  It was founded by the British diplomat Stratford Canning as a meeting place free from the violence of political controversy. The club had no premises but met at Grillion's Hotel on Albemarle Street, from which it took its name. Later it would meet at the Hotel Cecil. The club met weekly during parliamentary session.

The first fifty years of the Grillion's Club is recorded in the book Grillion's Club: From Its Origin In 1812 To Its Fiftieth Anniversary, written quoting many of the club's records by Sir Philip Grey Egerton. The book was privately printed at the Chiswick Press in 1880.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many leading statesmen belonged to the club, including prime ministers Gladstone, Salisbury, Balfour, Asquith, and Baldwin.

Sir Philip Grey Egerton, 10th Baronet
Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, 10th Baronet FRS (13 November 1806 – 5 April 1881) was an English palaeontologist and Conservative politician from the Egerton family.  He sat in the House of Commons variously between 1830 and his death in 1881.
Opposite ring
In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, the opposite of a ring is another ring with the same elements and addition operation, but with the multiplication performed in the reverse order. More explicitly, the opposite of a ring (R, +, ⋅) is the ring (R, +, ∗) whose multiplication ∗ is defined by a ∗ b = b ⋅ a for all a, b in R. The opposite ring can be used to define multimodules, a generalization of bimodules. They also help clarify the relationship between left and right modules (see § Properties).

Monoids, groups, rings, and algebras can all be viewed as categories with a single object. The construction of the opposite category generalizes the opposite group, opposite ring, etc.

Module (mathematics)
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a (not necessarily commutative) ring. The concept of a module also generalizes the notion of an abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers.

Like a vector space, a module is an additive abelian group, and scalar multiplication is distributive over the operations of addition between elements of the ring or module and is compatible with the ring multiplication.

Modules are very closely related to the representation theory of groups. They are also one of the central notions of commutative algebra and homological algebra, and are used widely in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology.
Little Shasta, California
Little Shasta is an unincorporated community in Siskiyou County, California.  The first non-native permanent settlement in the area was made in 1853, and by 1881 Little Shasta was a "prosperous settlement" with a post office, a flour mill, two schoolhouses, two stores, and a church.  As of 2024, the church and a school remain at the townsite, along with several scattered residences.

Siskiyou County, California
Siskiyou County (/ˈsɪskjuː/ ⓘ SISK-yoo) is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,076. Its county seat is Yreka and its highest point is Mount Shasta. It falls within the Cascadia bioregion.

Siskiyou County is in the Shasta Cascade region along the Oregon border. Because of its outdoor recreation, Mt. Shasta, McCloud River, and Gold Rush-era history, it is an important tourist destination within the state.
Tibor Frank
Tibor Frank (3 February 1948 – 15 September 2022) was a Hungarian historian who was professor of history at the School of English and American Studies of the Faculty of Humanities of the Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE). He was director of its School of English and American Studies (1994–2001, 2006–2014). From 2013 he was corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), as of 2019 he was a full member.

ELTE School of English and American Studies
The School of English and American Studies (SEAS) of the Faculty of Humanities of Eötvös Loránd University was founded in 1886 as the Department of English Language and Literature and it is located at Rákóczi út 5 in Józsefváros, Budapest, Hungary. Along with the Department of English of the University of Vienna, the School of English and American Studies is one of the biggest English departments in Central Europe.
2008–09 Montenegrin Cup
The 2008–09 Montenegrin Cup was the third season of the Montenegrin knockout football tournament. The winner of the tournament received a berth in the second qualifying round of the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League. The defending champions were Mogren, who beat Budućnost in the final of the 2007–08 competition. The competition featured 30 teams. It started on 17 September 2008 and ended with the final on 13 May 2009.

Montenegrin Cup
The Montenegrin Cup (Montenegrin: Kup Crne Gore) is the national football cup played in Montenegro, established in 2006. The winner of the cup is awarded a spot in the first qualifying round of the UEFA Conference League if they have not already gained a spot in the UEFA Champions League. Most successful cup participant is Budućnost with five titles.
Germaine Berton
Germaine Berton (7 June 1902, in Puteaux – 6 July 1942, in Paris) was a French anarchist and trade unionist. She is known for the murder of Marius Plateau, an editor for the Action Française journal and a leader in the royalist organisation Camelots du Roi, in January 1923. Germaine Berton was defended by Henry Torrès during her trial and surrealists have used her mugshot in a number of art pieces. Despite confessing, Berton was acquitted on 24 December 1923.

Berton stopped engaging with anarchist organizations following a subsequent arrest in 1924. In 1925, Berton married Paul Burger, a painter before leaving him in 1935 for René Coillot, a printer. She died in 1942 due to an intentional overdose.

La Révolution surréaliste
La Révolution surréaliste (English: The Surrealist Revolution) was a publication by the Surrealists in Paris. Twelve issues were published between 1924 and 1929.

Shortly after releasing the first Surrealist Manifesto, André Breton published the inaugural issue of La Révolution surréaliste on December 1, 1924.

Pierre Naville and Benjamin Péret were the initial directors of the publication and modeled the format of the journal on the conservative scientific review La Nature. The format was deceiving, and to the Surrealists' delight, La Révolution surréaliste was consistently scandalous and revolutionary. The journal focused on writing with most pages densely packed with columns of text, but also included reproductions of art, among them works by Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst, André Masson and Man Ray.