hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Progradungula barringtonensis
Progradungula barringtonensis is a species of cribellate spider endemic to the Barrington Tops National Park of New South Wales, Australia. It is one of only three species in the gradungulid genus Progradungula. At the time of description only an adult male and a number of juveniles were known. Progradungula has been described as a "ghost of Gondwana", surviving through several mass extinctions in relictual populations across Australia.

Progradungula
Progradungula is a genus of Australian large-clawed spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster and Michael R. Gray in 1979.

The name is derived from Latin pro ("before"), and the genus name Gradungula, referring to the ancient ancestry of the genus. It is the first discovered web-building cribellate spider in a "primitive" araneomorph spider family and helped establish the idea that all araneomorph spiders evolved from cribellate ancestors.

These spiders have an uncommon web-making technique and prey-capturing behaviour. A small (approximately 25 mm × 6 mm (0.98 in × 0.24 in)), tilting, ladder-like platform of cribellate capturing silk is supported by an overhead structure of threads linked to the rock walls and consists of two parallel stabilizing silk lines.
Kateryna Boloshkevich
Kateryna Ivanivna Boloshkevich (Ukrainian: Катерина Іванівна Болошкевич; 19 May 1939 – 28 March 2018) was a Ukrainian weaver and statesperson who was a weaver at the Zhytomyr flax mill of the Ministry of Light Industry of the Ukrainian SSR and an elected deputy of the ninth convocation of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Previously, she worked at the Zhytomyr meat processing plant after she graduated from high school. Boloshkevich was a delegate to the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine and was on the Central Audit Commission of the Communist Party of Ukraine. She was a two-time recipient of the Order of Lenin and got the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, the Hero of Socialist Labour and the "Hammer and Sickle" gold medal.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Yumen City
Yumen (simplified Chinese: 玉门; traditional Chinese: 玉門; pinyin: Yùmén, literally, "Jade Gate") is a city in western Gansu province, China. It is a county-level city with a population of 106,812 (2002 est.), and is part of Jiuquan "prefecture-level city" (a multi-county administrative unit). It is located on the Silk Road and is best known for its oil production.

The city's name is often confused with the Yumen Guan or Jade Gate which is the frontier-pass of ancient times, the entrance to the old Silk Roads, which was situated not far to the west of Dunhuang. Although both Yumen City and Yumen Gate are within Jiuquan, the latter is some 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the west from the former.

Jiuquan
Jiuquan, formerly known as Suzhou is a prefecture-level city in the northwesternmost part of Gansu Province in the People's Republic of China. It is more than 600 km (370 mi) wide from east to west, occupying 191,342 km2 (73,878 sq mi), although its built-up area is mostly located in its Suzhou District.
Governor of Çorum
The Governor of Çorum (Turkish: Çorum Valiliği) is the civil service state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Çorum. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Çorum is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Çorum. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Çorum provincial police force and the Çorum Gendarmerie.

Governor (Turkey)
In Turkey, a governor (Turkish: Vali) is an official responsible for the implementation of legislation, constitutional and government decisions in individual provinces. There are 81 governors in Turkey, one for each province, appointed ceremonially by the president on the recommendation of the Interior Ministry. Governors are legally required to be politically neutral and have power over public offices within their province, including the provincial police force. They also have a certain role in local government, though mayors and councillors are elected to these roles in local elections. The provincial head of security (the police force) also concurrently serves as deputy governor.

The Kaymakam (roughly translated as 'sub-governor') has similar functions and roles as the governor but operates on a district level.
On30 gauge
On30 (also called On21⁄2, O16.5 and Oe) gauge is the modelling of narrow gauge railways in O scale on HO (16.5 mm / 0.65 in) gauge track in 1:48 scale ratio by American and Australian model railroaders, in 1:43.5 scale ratio by British and French model railroaders and 1:45 by Continental European model railroaders (excluding France).

HO scale
HO or H0 is a rail transport modelling scale using a 1:87 scale (3.5 mm to 1 foot). It is the most popular scale of model railway in the world. The rails are spaced 16.5 millimetres (0.650 in) apart for modelling 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge tracks and trains in HO.

The name HO comes from 1:87 scale being half that of O scale, which was originally the smallest of the series of older and larger 0, 1, 2 and 3 gauges introduced by Märklin around 1900. Rather than referring to the scale as "half-zero" or "H-zero", English-speakers have consistently  pronounced it /eɪtʃ oʊ/ and have generally written it with the letters HO. In other languages it also remains written with the letter H and number 0 (zero); in German it is thus pronounced as [ha: 'nʊl]. In Japan, many models are produced using 1:80 scale (16.5 mm track is still used).
3-Chloromethcathinone
3-Chloromethcathinone (3-CMC), also known as clophedrone, is a synthetic substance belonging to the cathinone class of psychoactive compounds. It is very similar in structure to other methcathinone derivatives such as 3-MMC and 4-CMC. Unlike cathinone, which occurs naturally in the khat plant Catha edulis, 3-CMC is not found in nature and is solely produced through chemical synthesis.

First detected in 2014, 3-CMC gained attention for its stimulating effects that are described to be similar to the effects of mephedrone and, to a lesser extent, those of MDMA and cocaine. 3-CMC has been sold online as a designer drug mainly in European countries such as Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, and Sweden. It is a controlled substance in many countries.

Substituted cathinone
Substituted cathinones, or simply cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug.

Substituted cathinones act as monoamine releasing agents and/or monoamine reuptake inhibitors, including of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. In contrast to substituted amphetamines, most substituted cathinones do not act as agonists of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). This may potentiate their stimulating and addictive effects. In addition, β-keto-substituted phenethylamines, such as βk-2C-B, appear to show dramatically reduced potency and efficacy as serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists compared to their non-β-keto-substituted counterparts.
Spatial Planning Act 2023
The Spatial Planning Act 2023 (SPA), now repealed, was one of three laws introduced by the Sixth Labour Government in order to replace New Zealand's Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA). Its purpose was to provide for regional spatial strategies that assisted the purpose of the Natural and Built Environment Act 2023 (NBA) and promote integration in the performance of functions under the NBA, the Land Transport Management Act 2003, the Local Government Act 2002, and the Water Services Entities Act 2022.

The Bill passed its third reading on 15 August 2023, and received royal assent on 23 August 2023. On 23 December 2023, the SPA and NBA were both repealed by the National-led coalition government.

Water Services Entities Act 2022
The Water Services Entities Act 2022 is an Act of Parliament in the New Zealand Parliament that creates four new water services entities to assume the water services responsibilities of territorial authorities. The Bill is part of the Sixth Labour Government's Three Waters reform programme. The Bill passed its third reading on 7 December 2022, and received royal assent on 14 December 2022.

On 14 February 2024, the Water Services Entities Act along with Labour's other Three Waters legislation was repealed by the National-led coalition government.
Brad Jones (bassist)
Bradley Christopher Jones (born May 20, 1963, in New York City) is an American jazz bassist who performs on both bass guitar and double-bass.

Jones started on drums as a child and first began playing bass guitar at age 12. At age 18 he added double bass, studying under Lisle Atkinson, and he took a bachelor's degree in music education at Jersey City State College in 1986. In the late 1980s he worked regularly with Dave Tronzo and Jim Nolet, and played in the Jazz Passengers and in groups led by Marc Ribot.

In the 1990s he worked with Muhal Richard Abrams, Elvin Jones, Ornette Coleman, Carlos Garnett, Mark Taylor, Kazutoki Umezu, Misha Mengelberg, and Han Bennink.

He has led the groups AKA Alias featuring Curtis Fowlkes and David Gilmore, the Brad Jones Quartet with Greg Tardy and more recently Avant Lounge with Bruce Williams, Barney McAll, Bill Ware and Nate Smith.

Elvin Jones
Elvin Ray Jones (September 9, 1927 – May 18, 2004) was an American jazz drummer of the post-bop era. Most famously a member of John Coltrane's quartet, with whom he recorded from late 1960 to late 1965, Jones appeared on such albums as My Favorite Things, A Love Supreme, Ascension and Live at Birdland. After 1966, Jones led his own trio, and later larger groups under the name The Elvin Jones Jazz Machine. His brothers Hank and Thad were also celebrated jazz musicians with whom he occasionally recorded. Elvin was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1995. In his The History of Jazz, jazz historian and critic Ted Gioia calls Jones "one of the most influential drummers in the history of jazz". He was also ranked at Number 23 on Rolling Stone magazine's "100 Greatest Drummers of All Time".
Robert Townsend Farquhar
Sir Robert Townsend Farquhar, 1st Baronet (1776 – 16 March 1830) was an influential British merchant of the early nineteenth century who served as a colonial governor and Member of Parliament. During his lengthy service for both the East India Company and the British government, Farquhar gained a reputation as an efficient and ambitious administrator and he notably served as Lieutenant-Governor of Prince of Wales Island (Penang Island) from January 1804 to 1805 and as governor of Île de Bourbon, now known as Réunion from 1810 to 1811.

He was the 1st Governor of Mauritius from 4 December 1810 to 20 May 1823. During his tenure on Mauritius, Farquhar became well known for his operations against French slave traders, having previously investigated the possibility of replacing slaves with paid Chinese labourers. After returning to Britain, Farquhar, who was made a baronet in 1821, sat in Parliament for Newton and later for Hythe.

Governor of British Mauritius
The governor of Mauritius was the official who governed the Crown Colony of Mauritius (now Republic of Mauritius) during the British colonial period between 1810 and 1968. Upon the end of British rule and the independence of Mauritius in 1968, this office was replaced by the governor-general, who represented the British monarch and not the Government of the United Kingdom as did the governor. The office of Governor-General was itself abolished in 1992 and replaced by the post of President when Mauritius became a republic.
Infant sleep training
Sleep training (sometimes known as sleep coaching) is a set of parental (or caregiver) intervention techniques with the end goal of increasing nightly sleep in infants and young children, addressing “sleep concerns”, and decreasing nighttime signalling. Although the diagnostic criteria for sleep issues in infants is rare and limited, sleep training is usually approached by parents or caregivers self identifying supposed sleep issues.

The idea of early independence and sleep training in babies was promoted by Dr. Luther Emmett Holt, who published The Care and Feeding of Children in 1894. This is widely believed to be the basis from which modern sleep training has evolved. Popular methods of sleep training include extinction or “cry it out”, the Ferber method, The Chair Approach, and more improvised “gentle” methods.

Sleep training tends to be popular in countries such as the USA and UK, and is mostly unheard of in societies that practice cultural cosleeping.

Ferber method
The Ferber method, or Ferberization, is a technique invented by Richard Ferber to solve infant sleep problems. It involves "sleep-training" children to self-soothe by allowing the child to cry for a predetermined amount of time at intervals before receiving external comfort.
Goshi Hosono
Goshi Hosono (細野 豪志, Hosono Gōshi; born 8 August 1971) is a Japanese politician and a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Ōmihachiman, Shiga and graduate of Kyoto University, he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2000. He was the Minister of Environment and Minister of State for Nuclear Power Policy and Administration in the cabinet of Yoshihiko Noda.  He represents the 5th District of Shizuoka prefecture.

Minister of the Environment (Japan)
The Minister of the Environment (環境大臣, Kankyou Daijin) is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Ministry of the Environment. The minister is nominated by the Prime Minister of Japan and is appointed by the Emperor of Japan.

The current minister is Hirotaka Ishihara, who took office on 21 October 2025.
WBXX-TV
WBXX-TV (channel 20) is a television station licensed to Crossville, Tennessee, United States, serving the Knoxville area as an affiliate of The CW and Telemundo. It is owned by Gray Media alongside dual CBS/MyNetworkTV affiliate WVLT-TV (channel 8). The two stations share studios on Papermill Drive (near I-40/I-75) on the west side of Knoxville; WBXX-TV's transmitter is located at Windrock, Buffalo Mountain outside Oliver Springs, Tennessee.

WBXX-TV is the only full-powered Knoxville-market station to be licensed in a city in the Central Time Zone; Cumberland County (where Crossville is located) and Fentress County are the only two counties in the market that observe Central Time, while Knoxville proper is in Eastern Time. However, while CW network programming is promoted with both Eastern and Central Time listings, WBXX-TV's local programming is promoted with only Eastern Time listings.

Gray Media
Gray Media, Inc. is an American publicly traded television broadcasting company based in Atlanta. Founded in 1946 by James Harrison Gray as Gray Communications Systems, the company is the third-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, owning or operating 180 stations across the United States in 113 markets. Its station base consists of media markets ranging from as large as Atlanta to one of the smallest markets, North Platte, Nebraska.

In terms of quantity and numerical total, Gray Media is the largest group owner and operator of NBC-affiliated stations (with a total of 64 affiliates), ahead of Nexstar Media Group and Tegna Inc., and the second-largest group owner and operator of ABC affiliates, behind Sinclair Broadcast Group.
848 Inna
848 Inna (prov. designation: A915 RQ or 1915 XS) is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 5 September 1915, by astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The C-type asteroid measures approximately 33 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter, while its rotation period remains unknown. It was named after Russian astronomer Inna Nikolaevna Leman-Balanovskaya (1881–1945).

Themis family
The Themis family (adj. Themistian; FIN: 602) is a family of carbonaceous asteroids located in the outer portion of the asteroid belt, at a mean distance of 3.13 AU from the Sun. It is one of the largest families with over 4700 known members, and consists of a well-defined core of larger bodies surrounded by a region of smaller ones. The collisional Themis family is named after its parent body, the asteroid 24 Themis, discovered on 5 April 1853 by Italian astronomer Annibale de Gasparis.
2C-N
2C-N, also known as 4-nitro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is taken orally.

2C-N was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin and was described in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).

PiHKAL
PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story, also known as Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved, is a book by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin published in 1991. The subject of the work is psychoactive phenethylamine chemical derivatives, notably those that act as psychedelics and/or entactogens. The book has two halves, with the second part containing detailed entries on 179 phenethylamines. PiHKAL was followed by TiHKAL: The Continuation (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved) (1997).
1942 Alabama Senate election
The 1942 Alabama Senate election took place on Tuesday, November 3, 1942, to elect 35 representatives to serve four-year terms in the Alabama Senate. The election used the same districts first drawn by the Alabama Constitution of 1901.

As the Democratic Party was dominant in the state, state legislative seats were generally decided at the Democratic primary election. The first round of the Democratic primary was held on May 7 with runoff elections on June 4.  Only one Democratic nominee, incumbent senator James A. Simpson in Jefferson County's District 13, faced opposition in the general election, receiving 95.59% of the vote against a Republican and a Communist. Simpson was unanimously elected President pro tempore at the November 1942 opening session.

The election took place concurrently with elections for U.S. Senate, U.S. House, governor, state house, and numerous other state and local offices.

1942 United States Senate election in Alabama
The 1942 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 3, 1942.

Incumbent two term Senator John H. Bankhead II won re-election to a third term unopposed. However, Bankhead would not complete his term as he died on June 12, 1946.
Goh Pei Ming
Goh Pei Ming (born 1982) is a Singaporean politician who has been serving as Minister of State for Social and Family Development, and Minister of State for Home Affairs since 2025. A member of the ruling People's Action Party (PAP), he is a Member of Parliament representing Marine Parade–Braddell Heights Group Representation Constituency (GRC) for the 15th Parliament of Singapore after a walkover was declared for the constituency in the 2025 Singaporean general election. Goh represents the division of Marine Parade in his constituency, taking over from Manpower Minister Tan See Leng who was moved to Chua Chu Kang GRC.

Tan See Leng
Tan See Leng (born 24 December 1964) is a Singaporean politician and former medical practitioner who has been serving as Minister for Manpower since 2021 and Minister-in-charge of Energy and Science and Technology since 2025. A member of the  People's Action Party (PAP), he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Chua Chu Kang division of Chua Chu Kang Group Representation Constituency since 2025.

Before entering politics, Tan was a medical practitioner by profession. He founded Healthway Medical Group and had served in top positions in Parkway Holdings, Parkway Pantai and IHH Healthcare.

He made his political debut in the 2020 general election as part of a five-member PAP team and won about 57% of the vote in Marine Parade GRC.
Pacific Games Council
The Pacific Games Council (PGC; French: Conseil des Jeux du Pacifique, CJP) is the sports governing body for the Pacific Games, a multi-sport competition involving nations and territories across the Pacific region. The Council is responsible for managing and coordinating the Games, supporting the growth of sport throughout the Pacific, and promoting regional unity and cultural exchange through athletic competition.

In addition to the main event, the PGC administers the Pacific Mini Games, which are staged every four years between the main Games. It collaborates with national Olympic committees, governmental bodies, and sporting federations to enhance sports development and performance standards within the region.

Oceania National Olympic Committees
The Oceania National Olympic Committees (ONOC) is an international organization that congregates the 17 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of Oceania.

It often assembles with other continental NOCs in the form of the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC).
Magic: The Gathering Pro Tour season 1999–2000
The 1999–2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic: The Gathering Pro Tour. It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels. The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs, and six Pro Tours, located in Washington D.C., London, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Brussels. At the end of the season Bob Maher, Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title.

Magic: The Gathering Players Tour
The Players Tour (PT) is a competitive international league for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game, culminating in the World Championship. It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world, each requiring an invitation to participate. The Players Tour permanently replaced the Pro Tour in the 2020 season. Every PT awards a total of $250,000 in cash prizes, with $50,000 going to the winner. The Players Tour is split into three regions: Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Each region hosts three events, resulting in nine Players Tour events per season.
Yuri Arabov
Yuri Nikolaevich Arabov (Russian: Юрий Николаевич Арабов; 25 October 1954 – 27 December 2023) was a Russian screenwriter, writer, poet and educator. He was known for his long-lasting collaboration with Alexander Sokurov. He was an Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (1999).

Alexander Sokurov
Alexander Nikolayevich Sokurov, PAR (Russian: Александр Николаевич Сокуров; born 14 June 1951) is a Russian filmmaker. His most significant works include a feature film, Russian Ark (2002), filmed in a single unedited shot, and Faust (2011), which was honoured with the Golden Lion, the highest prize for the best film at the Venice Film Festival.