hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Hohenlinden order of battle
In the Battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December 1800, a French army commanded by Jean Victor Marie Moreau decisively defeated the army of Habsburg monarchy led by Archduke John. The first action of the campaign was the Battle of Ampfing, two days earlier. After Hohenlinden there was a series of rearguard clashes beginning on 9 December at Rosenheim and continuing from the 14th through the 20th at Salzburg, Neumarkt am Wallersee, Frankenmarkt, Schwanenstadt, Vöcklabruck, Lambach, and Kremsmünster. During the retreat, the Habsburg army began a process of disintegration and an armistice was concluded a few days later.

For an explanation of the types of forces, see Types of military forces in the Napoleonic Wars.

Archduke John of Austria
Archduke John of Austria (German: Erzherzog Johann Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von Österreich, IPA: [ˈɛʁt͡sˌheʁt͡sok ˈjoːhan]; Slovene: Nadvojvoda Janez Habsburško-Lotarinški (or simply Nadvojvoda Janez); 20 January 1782 – 11 May 1859), a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, was an Austrian field marshal and imperial regent (Reichsverweser) of the short-lived German Empire during the Revolutions of 1848.
Mahesh Senanayake
General N.U.M. Mahesh W. Senanayke, RWP, RSP, VSV, USP is a retired Sri Lankan Army senior officer who served as the Commander of the Sri Lanka Army from 2017 to 2019. Senanayake had previously been the Commander, Security Forces Headquarters – Jaffna, General Officer Commanding, 52 Division and Brigade Commander, Special Forces Brigade. Having started his military career as a military engineer, Senanayake became a special forces officer and is a veteran of all four phases of the Sri Lankan civil war, having served in both its Northern and Eastern theaters.

Following his retirement, Senanayake contested the 2019 Sri Lankan presidential election as a third-party candidate and came in fourth place.

Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya
The Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya (VSV, Distinguished Service Order) (Sinhala: විශිෂ්ට සේවා විභූෂණය viṣiṣta sēvā vibhūṣaṇaya) is awarded to senior officers of the Military of Sri Lanka in recognition of:

...exceptional, distinguished and loyal service provided they count not less than twenty-five years of service and possess an unblemished record of moral and military conduct...—
Mount Emblem Cemetery
Mount Emblem Cemetery is located at the intersection of Grand Avenue and County Line Road in Elmhurst, Illinois.

Mount Emblem is perhaps best known as the home of the Fischer Windmill, popularly known as "The Old Dutch Mill", a typical Dutch windmill that towers above the trees and can be clearly seen from southbound I-294.  Construction started on the mill in 1865, and the land became a cemetery in 1925, with the windmill becoming a museum.  The latest renovations to the windmill were made in 2015.  The tower is 51 feet (16 m) high.  Sails were originally mounted on a latticework that spanned 74 feet (23 m), but now spans only 50 feet (15 m).

Windmill
A windmill is a machine operated by the force of wind acting on vanes or sails to mill grain (gristmills), pump water, generate electricity, or drive other machinery.
Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today.
Desmond Choo
Desmond Choo Pey Ching (born 13 February 1978) is a Singaporean politician and former police officer who has been serving as Deputy Secretary-General of the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) since 2024 (previously Assistant Secretary General from 2015-2024) and Minister of State for Defence since 2025. He was formerly the Mayor of North East District from 2017 to 2025. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tampines Changkat Single Member Constituency (SMC) since 2025. He had previously represented the defunct Tampines Changkat division of Tampines Group Representation Constituency (GRC) between 2015 and 2025.

Tampines Group Representation Constituency
The Tampines Group Representation Constituency is a five-member group representation constituency (GRC) in eastern Singapore. It has five divisions: Tampines Boulevard, Tampines Central, Tampines East, Tampines North and Tampines West, managed by Tampines Town Council. The current Members of Parliament (MPs) are Baey Yam Keng, Charlene Chen, David Neo, Masagos Zulkifli and Koh Poh Koon from the People's Action Party (PAP).
Tom B.K. Goldtooth
Tom B.K. Goldtooth (born 1953) is a Native American environmental, climate, and economic justice activist, speaker, film producer, and Indigenous rights leader. He is active at local, national, and international levels as an advocate for building healthy and sustainable Indigenous communities based upon the foundation of Indigenous traditional knowledge. Goldtooth has served as executive director of the Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN) since 1996 after serving as a member of the IEN National Council since 1992.

Goldtooth (Dibe'lizhini' Clan) is an enrolled member of the Navajo Nation. He is also huŋka Bdewakaƞtoƞwaƞ Dakota from Minnesota. He is well known by his Dakota name of Mato Awaƞyaƞkapi, given to him by Pete Catches Sr. (Petaġa Yuha Mani), a Lakota holy man of the Spotted Eagle Way of the Oglala Lakota Nation. He currently resides near the headwaters of the Mississippi River in Bemidji, Minnesota.

Bemidji, Minnesota
Bemidji (/bəˈmɪdʒiː/ bə-MIJ-ee) is a city in and the county seat of Beltrami County, in northern Minnesota, United States. The population was 14,574 at the 2020 census. According to 2022 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 15,946, making it the largest commercial center between Grand Forks, North Dakota and Duluth.

As a central city for three Indian reservations, Bemidji is the site of many Native American services, including the Indian Health Service. Near Bemidji are the Red Lake Indian Reservation, White Earth Indian Reservation, and the Leech Lake Indian Reservation. Bemidji lies on the southwest shore of Lake Bemidji, the northernmost lake feeding the Mississippi River; it is nicknamed "The First City on the Mississippi". Bemidji is also the self-proclaimed "curling capital" of the U.S. and the alleged birthplace of legendary Paul Bunyan.
Marcelo Gracia
Marcelo Gracia Domínguez (born 2 April 1994) is a former Mexican professional footballer who last played for Loros UdeC on loan from Monterrey. He was part of Mexico's national under-17 squad that won the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup in home soil.

2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup
The 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup was the 14th edition of the FIFA U-17 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-17 national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It was hosted by Mexico from 18 June to 10 July 2011. Mexico won the tournament after defeating Uruguay 2–0 in the final, claiming the country's second title. Mexico also became the first host nation to win the FIFA U-17 World Cup.

Players born after 1 January 1994 could participate in this tournament.
El Debate
El Debate ("The Debate") refers to several Spanish language news websites and periodicals:

El Debate (Argentina), Argentinian online newspaper

El Debate (Manila), a former Filipino newspaper between 1918 and 1970

El Debate (Mexico), Mexican newspaper

El Debate (Spain), Spanish newspaper 1910 - 1936

ElDebate.com, Spanish news website successor to the newspaper

El Debate (Paraguay), Paraguayan former newspaper, founded in 1937

El Debate (Spain)
El Debate is a Spanish Catholic daily newspaper, that was originally published in Madrid between 1910 and 1936. It was the most important Catholic newspaper of its time in Spain. It was relaunched in 2021 as an online publication.
Private Benjamin (1980 film)
Private Benjamin is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Howard Zieff, written by Nancy Meyers, Charles Shyer, and Harvey Miller, and starring Goldie Hawn, Eileen Brennan, and Armand Assante.

The film was one of the biggest box office hits of 1980, and also spawned a short-lived television series starring Lorna Patterson as Judy Benjamin, with Brennan reprising her role as Captain Lewis. Private Benjamin ranked No. 82 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Laughs list, and No. 59 on Bravo's list of "100 Funniest Movies".

AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs
Part of the AFI 100 Years... series, AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs is a list of the top 100 funny movies in American cinema. A wide variety of comedies, totalling 500 films, were nominated for the distinction; genres included slapstick, action comedy, screwball comedy, romantic comedy, satire, black comedy, musical comedy, comedy of manners, and comedy of errors. The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 13, 2000.

Cary Grant has the most appearances on the list, with eight films.
Ypatingasis būrys
Ypatingasis būrys (lit. 'Special Squad' or 'Special Platoon', German: Sonderkommando) or Special Squad of the German Security Police and SD (Lithuanian: Vokiečių Saugumo policijos ir SD ypatingasis būrys) was a killing squad operating in the Vilnius Region in 1941–1944. The unit, primarily composed of Lithuanian volunteers, was formed by the German occupation government and was subordinate to Einsatzkommando 9 and later to Sicherheitsdienst (SD) and Sicherheitspolizei (Sipo).p. 15 The unit was subordinated to German police, and had no official autonomy. In Polish they were colloquially called strzelcy ponarscy ("Ponary riflemen" in Polish).

Lithuanian Riflemen's Union
The Lithuanian Riflemen's Union (LRU, Lithuanian: Lietuvos šaulių sąjunga), also referred to as Šauliai (the Riflemen; from Lithuanian: šaulys for rifleman), is a paramilitary organization supported by the Government of Lithuania and regulated by the dedicated law.

It is active in three main areas: military training, sport, and culture. In peacetime, it prepares Lithuanian citizens for armed and civil resistance as well as supports state institutions with volunteers during national emergencies. During the state of war, its armed formations fall under the direct command of the Lithuanian Armed Forces.
Zhao Zhongxiang
Zhao Zhongxiang (Chinese: 赵忠祥; 16 January 1942 – 16 January 2020) was a well-known Chinese news anchor on the national news program Xinwen Lianbo and television host. He joined China Central Television in 1959.

China Central Television
China Central Television (CCTV) is the national television broadcaster of the People's Republic of China. Established in 1958 as Peking Television, it was renamed as CCTV in 1978 and became a key player in the Chinese government's propaganda network. It is operated by China Media Group, supervised by National Radio and Television Administration, and led by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party. Freedom House and The Guardian commented that CCTV's reporting about topics sensitive to the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is distorted and often used as a weapon against the party's perceived enemies.
1995 Winston Select 500
The 1995 Winston Select 500 was the ninth stock car race of the 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 26th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, April 30, 1995, in Lincoln, Alabama at Talladega Superspeedway, a 2.66 miles (4.28 km) permanent triangle-shaped superspeedway. The race took the scheduled 188 laps to complete. In the final laps of the race, Roush Racing driver Mark Martin would manage to complete a pass for the lead with two to go and defend the field to take his 15th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his first victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Hendrick Motorsports driver Jeff Gordon and Wood Brothers Racing driver Morgan Shepherd would finish second and third, respectively.

Lincoln, Alabama
Lincoln is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1911. At the 2020 census, the population was 6,845. It was named for Major General Benjamin Lincoln, who served in the American army during the Revolutionary War.

The Talladega Superspeedway, the International Motorsports Hall of Fame and the Talladega Municipal Airport are all located in Lincoln.
Karanlık Canyon
Karanlık Canyon (Turkish: Karanlık Kanyon), literally "Dark Canyon", is a deep steep-sided gorge located between the İliç and Kemaliye districts of Erzincan Province, Turkey, formed by Karasu River on the Munzur Mountains.

The Munzur Mountains, which run in about east–west direction, are split by north–south directed narrow valleys formed by streams. The formation in Kemaliye area, created by Karasu River, is called Kemaliye Pass (Turkish: Kemaliye Boğazı). Its part between the Bağıştaş village of İliç and the Dutluca village of Kemaliye is named Karanlık Canyon. The canyon is 25 km (16 mi) long, 1,000 m (3,300 ft) deep and 10–15 m (33–49 ft) wide at the base featuring almost 90% rocky slope gradient.

The canyon offers outdoor recreational activities such as rock climbing and boat rides.

Kemaliye
Kemaliye, formerly Eğin (Armenian: Ակն, romanized: Akn, meaning "spring"), is a town in Erzincan Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Kemaliye District. Its population is 2,536 (2022).

The town is known for its historic architecture, including many Ottoman-era houses. It is also notable for its commanding view of the river Karasu (Euphrates) flowing south through a gorge above the Keban Dam. The town consists of 11 quarters: Dörtyolağzı, Gençağa, Ariki, Hacıyusuf, Halilağa, Naip, Bahçe, Sandıkbağı, Taşdibi, Isakpaşa and Esertepe.
Glenferrie Oval
Glenferrie Oval is an Australian rules football stadium located in the Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn.

It is the historic home of, and is synonymous with, the Hawthorn Football Club, who played there from 1903 and as a VFL/AFL club from 1925 to 1973, and retained the ground as an administrative and training base until 2006. Hawthorn moved to a redeveloped Waverley Park in early 2006, remaining there until October 2025.

St James Park, Hawthorn
St James Park (formerly known as West Hawthorn Reserve) is an Australian rules football and cricket venue located in the Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn. The name also refers to the wider public park in which the main oval is located.

The ground was formed in 1861 and was originally known as the Hawthorn Cricket Ground. It was the home ground of the Hawthorn Football Club for its inaugural season in 1902.

As of 2026, St James Park is the home of the Swinburne University Football Club in the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA). The club nicknames the ground "The Pig Pen" or "The Porktress".
Isaías Sánchez
Isaías Sánchez Cortés (Spanish pronunciation: [isaˈi.as ˈsantʃeθ koɾˈtes]; born 9 February 1987), known simply as Isaías, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. He is currently assistant manager of A-League club Adelaide United.

He spent most of his career in Australia with Adelaide United after signing in 2013, making 289 competitive appearances and being named the club's player of the season on four occasions. He was instrumental in their 2015–16 double winning season, which included a goal in the 2016 Grand Final. Prior to his arrival, he played four La Liga matches with Espanyol.

RCD Espanyol
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona (Catalan: [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw əspəˈɲɔl də βəɾsəˈlonə]; "Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona"), commonly known as RCD Espanyol, is a Spanish professional sports club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

Founded in 1900 in Barcelona, Espanyol currently play their home games just outside the city at the RCDE Stadium, which holds up to 40,000 spectators. Domestically, Espanyol has won the Copa del Rey four times, most recently in 2006. In international competitions, the club reached the UEFA Cup final in 1988 and 2007. It has a long-standing local rivalry with FC Barcelona.
Chiloglottis chlorantha
Chiloglottis chlorantha, commonly known as the Wollongong bird orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to a small part of New South Wales. It has two broad leaves and a single green to yellowish green flower with about twelve reddish, yellowish or bright green glands on the labellum callus.

Gland (botany)
In plants, a gland is defined functionally as a plant structure which secretes one or more products.  This may be located on or near the plant surface and secrete externally, or be internal to the plant and secrete into a canal or reservoir.  Examples include glandular hairs, nectaries, hydathodes, and the resin canals in Pinus.
Shahidabibi Shaikh
Shahidabibi Shaikh is a South African politician who has been the Chairperson of the Select Committee on Security and Justice in the National Council of Provinces since 2019. A member of the African National Congress, she has been a permanent delegate to the NCOP from Limpopo since 2019. Shaikh had previously served in the Limpopo Provincial Legislature from 2014 to 2019.

National Council of Provinces
The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) is the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa under the post-apartheid constitution which came into full effect in 1997. It replaced the former Senate, but is very similar to that body, and to many other upper houses of legislatures throughout the world, in that its purpose is to represent the governments of the provinces, rather than directly representing the people.
Amanda Dobbs
Amanda J. Dobbs (born August 10, 1993) is an American former competitive figure skater. As a single skater, she placed fourth at the 2010 Four Continents Championships. She also competed in pair skating on the national senior level with Joseph Jacobsen.

2010 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2010 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2009–10 season. It was held at the Hwasan Ice Arena in Jeonju, South Korea on January 27–30. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
2019 Liga 2 (Indonesia)
The 2019 Liga 2 was the third season of the Liga 2 under its current name and the 10th season under its current league structure.

Persik won the title after a 3–2 win over Persita in the final at Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium, Gianyar on 25 November 2019.

Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium
Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium (Indonesian: Stadion Kapten I Wayan Dipta, Balinese script: ᬲ᭄ᬢᬤᬶᬬᭀᬦ᭄ᬓᬧ᭄ᬢᬾᬦ᭄ᬇᬯᬬᬦ᭄ᬤᬶᬧ᭄ᬢ), is a multi-purpose stadium in Gianyar Regency, Bali, Indonesia, and the home of Indonesia Liga 1 club Bali United. It has a capacity of 18,000 spectators.
Sanchita Islam
Sanchita Islam  (28 April 1973 – 3 July 2023) was an English artist, painter, writer and filmmaker of Bangladeshi descent. In 1999, she founded Pigment Explosion, which has branched out into projects including film, painting, drawing, writing and photography.

British Bangladeshis
British Bangladeshis (Bengali: বিলাতী বাংলাদেশী, romanized: Bilatī Bangladeshī) are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots are from Bangladesh. Bengali Muslims have prominently been migrating to the UK since World War II. Migration reached its peak during the 1970s, with most originating from the Sylhet Division. The largest concentration live in east London boroughs, such as Tower Hamlets. This large diaspora in London leads people in Sylhet to refer to British Bangladeshis as Londonis (Bengali: লন্ডনী).
Imamzadeh Haroun-e-Velayat
The Imamzadeh Haroun-e-Velayat (Persian: هارون ولایت; Arabic: مرقد هارون ولايت), also known as the Harun-i Vilayat Mausoleum, is a Shi'ite imamzadeh, mausoleum, and madrasa complex, located in the city of Esfahan, in the province of Isfahan, Iran. It is located opposite the Ali minaret in Dardasht and was completed in 1513 CE, during the Ismail I era, with subsequent renovations during the 19th and 20th centuries.

The complex was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 13 December 1934, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran, and is one of the holiest sites in Shi'ism.

Holiest sites in Shia Islam
Muslims, including Shia, Sunni, Ibadi and other branches, agree on two holiest sites in Islam being the Masjid al-Haram (including the Kaaba) in Mecca; the Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina.

Sites associated with the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his daughter Fatima and son-in-law Ali, the respective Shia Imams descended from them and their family members (collectively referred to as Ahl al-Bayt) are considered holy by the different Shia Muslim sects. Karbala and Najaf in Iraq are two of holiest cities revered by all Shia sects. Additionally, Mashhad and Qom in Iran are two of the holiest cities to Twelver Shia, the largest Shia sect.
Timeless (Zhang Liyin song)
"Timeless" is a song by American singers Kelly Clarkson and Justin Guarini, originally recorded for the 2003 film From Justin to Kelly. It was included on the track listing of Guarini's self-titled debut album. The song was later recorded by Chinese singer Zhang Liyin featuring Xia Junsu, and released as her debut single on September 8, 2006 in South Korea by SM Entertainment. A Chinese version of the single later released in 2007 in Taiwan. "Timeless" was later included on her debut album I Will (2008). The song has also been covered by Tina Arena and Kane Alexander in 2006.

SM Entertainment
SM Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Korean: SM엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1995 by Lee Soo-man. It is one of South Korea's largest entertainment companies and has been responsible for fostering and popularizing the careers of many K-pop stars garnering huge global fanbases. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. SM Entertainment is known for having led the worldwide K-pop phenomenon and the musical side of "Hallyu", also known as the "Korean Wave", with early overseas successes such as H.O.T., S.E.S., and BoA.

The label currently represents K-pop artists such as Kangta, TVXQ, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, Exo, Red Velvet, NCT, Aespa, Riize, Naevis, and Hearts2Hearts.
Sulfoxide
In organic chemistry, a sulfoxide, also called a sulphoxide, is an organosulfur compound containing a sulfinyl (>SO) functional group attached to two carbon atoms. It is a polar functional group.  Sulfoxides are oxidized derivatives of sulfides. Examples of important sulfoxides are alliin, a precursor to the compound that gives freshly crushed garlic its aroma, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a common solvent.

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.