hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
V. M. Bhuvana Krishnan
Lieutenant General V. M. Bhuvana Krishnan, PVSM, AVSM, YSM is a serving general officer of the Indian Army. He is presently serving as the Quarter Master General. He earlier served as the General Officer Commanding, XVII Corps. He is also the Colonel of the Regiment of the Dogra Regiment & Dogra Scouts since 1 November 2022.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Kentucky Route 163
Kentucky Route 163 (KY 163) is a 29.823-mile-long (47.995 km) state highway that traverses through two counties in south-central Kentucky. It runs from Tennessee State Route 51 at the Kentucky-Tennessee border south of Hestand to U.S. Route 68, Kentucky Route 80, and East Stockton Street in Edmonton via Tompkinsville.

U.S. Route 68
U.S. Route 68 (US 68) is a United States highway that runs for 560 miles (900 km) from northwest Ohio to Western Kentucky. The highway's western terminus is at US 62 in Reidland, Kentucky. Its present eastern terminus is at Interstate 75 in Findlay, Ohio, though the route once extended as far north as Toledo. US 68 intersects with US 62 three times during its route.
Graças Foster
Maria das Graças Foster (née Silva; pronunciationⓘ; born 26 August 1953), commonly known as Graça Foster, is a Brazilian business executive and chemical engineer. She was the CEO of Petrobras-Petróleo Brasil, Brazil's state-controlled oil company, which is located in Rio de Janeiro. She was the first woman in the world to head a major oil-and-gas company. In April 2012, she was listed on the Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. In 2014, she was recognized as the 16th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes magazine. She was ranked by Fortune in 2013 as "the Most Powerful Woman in Business" (outside the U.S.) for the second year in a row.

Petrobras
Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., better known by and trading as the portmanteau Petrobras (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˌpɛtɾoˈbɾas, pet-]), is a Brazilian majority state-owned multinational corporation in the petroleum industry, which is headquartered in Rio de Janeiro. The company's name translates to Brazilian Petroleum Corporation.

The company was ranked #71 in the 2023 Fortune Global 500 list. In the 2023 Forbes Global 2000, Petrobras was ranked as the 58th-largest public company in the world.
Kidd Kenn
Dontrell Smith (born January 16, 2003), known professionally as Kidd Kenn, is an American rapper and singer from Chicago, Illinois. He rose to prominence with his singles "No Brakes" and "Moves" (featuring Rico Nasty).

Rico Nasty
Maria-Cecilia Simone Kelly (born May 7, 1997), known professionally as Rico Nasty, is an American rapper and singer. She began self-releasing while in high school, and had released five solo mixtapes by late 2017. She gained a local following on SoundCloud with her songs "iCarly" and "Hey Arnold". After gaining wider recognition with her 2018 singles "Smack a Bitch" and "Poppin", she signed with Atlantic Records to release her sixth mixtape, Nasty (2018). The label released her collaborative mixtape Anger Management (2019) with Kenny Beats, as well as her first two studio albums, Nightmare Vacation (2020) and Las Ruinas (2022); the former album peaked the US Heatseekers charts. She then parted ways with the label in favor of Fueled by Ramen and Elektra Records, who released her third studio album, Lethal (2025).
Takada Domain
Takada domain (高田藩, Takada han),  was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It was located in Echigo Province, in the Hokuriku region of Honshū. The domain was centered at Takada Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Jōetsu in Niigata Prefecture. It was also known as Fukushima Domain (福嶋藩, Fukushima han).

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Rehbach
Rehbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Bad Sobernheim, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Bad Sobernheim
Bad Sobernheim (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈzoːbɐnˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, and is also its seat. It is a state-recognized spa town, and is well known for two fossil discovery sites and for the naturopath Emanuel Felke. Bad Sobernheim is also a winegrowing town.
Avetis Sultan-Zade
Avetis Sultanovich Sultan-Zade (born Avetis Mikaelian; Russian: Аветис Султанович Султан-Заде; Persian: آوتيس سلطانزاده; Armenian: Ավետիս Սուլթան Զադե; 1889 – 16 July 1938) was a Persian-born ethnic Armenian communist revolutionary and economist, best remembered as one of the founders of the Communist Party of Iran. Sultan-Zade was a delegate to the Second World Congress of the Communist International in 1920 and was for a time one of the leading figures of the Marxist revolutionary movement in the so-called "East." Following his demotion from the leadership of the Iranian Communist Party and the Comintern in 1923, Sultan-Zada lived in the Soviet Union where he worked as a government functionary in the banking industry.

During the Great Terror of the late 1930s, Sultan-Zade came under the suspicion of the secret police. He was arrested in January 1938 and jailed for five months before being tried and shot as an alleged spy. He was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956.

Rehabilitation (Soviet)
Rehabilitation (Russian: реабилитация, transliterated in English as reabilitatsiya or academically rendered as reabilitacija) was a term used in the context of the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet states. Beginning after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, the Soviet government undertook the political and social restoration, or political rehabilitation, of persons who had been repressed and criminally prosecuted without due basis. It restored the person to the state of acquittal. In many cases, rehabilitation was posthumous, as thousands of victims had been executed or died in labor camps.

The government also rehabilitated several national groups that were relocated under Stalin, and allowed them to return to their former territories and in most cases restored their autonomous regions.
Kellenberg Memorial High School
Kellenberg Memorial High School is a Roman Catholic college-preparatory school in Uniondale, New York, on Long Island, United States. Kellenberg Memorial is a Marianist school on Long Island, alongside St. Martin de Porres Marianist School in Uniondale and Chaminade High School in Mineola, New York.

Chaminade High School
Chaminade High School is a Marianist college preparatory high school for boys in Mineola on Long Island, New York.

Chaminade's main campus is also home to Saragossa Retreat Center, one of their three retreat houses. The other retreat houses include Meribah in Muttontown, and Founder's Hollow in Accord.
Benchill tram stop
Benchill is a Manchester Metrolink tram stop in Wythenshawe, Manchester. It is on the Airport Line and in fare zone 4.  This stop was opened on 3 November 2014 as part of Phase 3b of the network's expansion and has step-free access.

The stop is located at street-level with the platforms parallel to Brownley Road and the tracks running alongside the road as far south as Crossacres, the next stop. It is also near to the Benchill Medical Practice (Brownley Green Medical Centre) and the Wythenshawe campus for The Manchester College.

Crossacres tram stop
Crossacres is a tram stop for the Phase 3B Extension of Greater Manchester's Metrolink system. The stop is part of the Airport Line and is at the junction of Brownley Road and Crossacres Road in the Wythenshawe area of Manchester, England. It opened on 3 November 2014.
Rubredoxin
Rubredoxins are a class of low-molecular-weight iron-containing proteins found in sulfur-metabolizing bacteria and archaea. Sometimes rubredoxins are classified as iron-sulfur proteins; however, in contrast to iron-sulfur proteins, rubredoxins do not contain inorganic sulfide. Like cytochromes, ferredoxins and Rieske proteins, rubredoxins are thought to participate in electron transfer in biological systems. Recent work in bacteria and algae have led to the hypothesis that some rubredoxins may instead have a role in delivering iron to metalloproteins.

Rieske protein
Rieske proteins are iron–sulfur protein (ISP) components of cytochrome bc1 complexes and cytochrome b6f complexes and are responsible for electron transfer in some biological systems. John S. Rieske and co-workers first discovered the protein and in 1964 isolated an acetylated form of the bovine mitochondrial protein. In 1979, Trumpower's team isolated the "oxidation factor" from bovine mitochondria and showed it was a reconstitutively-active form of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein.
It is a unique [2Fe-2S] cluster in that one of the two Fe atoms is coordinated by two histidine residues rather than two cysteine residues.  They have since been found in plants, animals, and bacteria with widely ranging electron reduction potentials from -150 to +400 mV.
Night (Ralph poem)
Night, a Poem in Four Books is a 1728 blank verse poem by the British writer James Ralph. Issued in quarto by the London printer J. Roberts, it comprises about 1,100 lines of unrhymed iambic pentameter arranged in four books. The poem reflects on London after dark—urban corruption, mortality, and nocturnal imagery—and participates in the late-1720s vogue for descriptive blank verse associated with James Thomson’s The Seasons.

Night received little contemporary notice until Alexander Pope, after Ralph answered the first edition of the Dunciad with Sawney, added a couplet about Ralph and the poem in the 1729 Variorum. Contributors close to Pope, notably the Grub-Street Journal (1730–33), then used Night as a target. Modern criticism reads the poem both as an early graveyard-poetry text and as a Whig allegory of metropolitan corruption, and Ralph soon shifted from such blank-verse experiments to satire and drama.

The Dunciad
The Dunciad (/ˈdʌnsi.æd/) is a landmark, mock-heroic, narrative poem by Alexander Pope published in three different versions at different times from 1728 to 1743. The poem celebrates a goddess, Dulness, and the progress of her chosen agents as they bring decay, imbecility, and tastelessness to the Kingdom of Great Britain.
William Wickins
Christianity portal

William John Wickins, KHC (1862–1933) was Archdeacon of Calcutta from 1911 until 1913.

Wickins was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and ordained in 1885.  After curacies in Burwell and Ely he served with the Indian Ecclesiastical Establishment at Dum Dum, Barrackpore, Howrah, Kasauli, Fort William and Darjeeling. In 1912 he was appointed an Honorary Chaplain to the King. On his return from India he was Vicar of Abbotsley (1913–16) then St. Giles with St. Peter, Cambridge.
He died on 28 January 1933.

Honorary Chaplain to the King
An Honorary Chaplain to the King is a member of the clergy within the United Kingdom who, through long and distinguished service, is appointed to minister to the monarch of the United Kingdom. When the reigning monarch is female, Honorary Chaplains are known as Honorary Chaplains to the Queen. As of 2008 there are 33 appointees.  They are also known as Honorary Chaplains to the Sovereign.

Honorary Chaplains wear a scarlet cassock and a special bronze badge consisting of the royal cypher and crown within an oval wreath. The badge is worn below medal ribbons or miniature medals during the conduct of religious services on the left side of the scarf by chaplains who wear the scarf and on academic or ordinary clerical dress by other chaplains.

Ten ministers of the Church of Scotland are appointed as Chaplains to the King in Scotland.

The monarch may also, as circumstances dictate, appoint extra chaplains.
Coate–Loury model
The Coate–Loury model of affirmative action was developed by Stephen Coate and Glenn Loury in 1993. The model seeks to answer the question of whether, by mandating expanded opportunities for minorities in the present, these policies are rendered unnecessary in the future. Affirmative action may lead to one of two outcomes:

By improving employers’ perceptions of minorities or improving minorities’ skills, or both, affirmative action policies would eventually cause employers to want to hire minorities regardless of the presence of affirmative action policies.

By dampening incentives for minorities, affirmative action policies would reduce minority skill investment, thus leading to an equilibrium where employers correctly believe minorities to be less productive than majorities, thus perpetuating the need for affirmative action in order to achieve parity in the labor market.

Coate and Loury concluded that either equilibrium is possible under certain assumptions.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a spectroscopy technique used to characterize atomic-level structure and dynamics in solid materials. ssNMR spectra are broader due to nuclear spin interactions which can be categorized as dipolar coupling, chemical shielding, quadrupolar interactions, and j-coupling. These interactions directly affect the lines shapes of experimental ssNMR spectra which can be seen in powder and dipolar patterns. There are many essential solid-state techniques alongside advanced ssNMR techniques that may be applied to elucidate the fundamental aspects of solid materials. ssNMR is often combined with magic angle spinning (MAS) to remove anisotropic interactions and improve the sensitivity of the technique. The applications of ssNMR further extend to biology and medicine.

Magnetic dipole–dipole interaction
Magnetic dipole–dipole interaction, also called dipolar coupling or dipolar interaction, refers to the direct interaction between two magnetic dipoles. Roughly speaking, the magnetic field of a dipole goes as the inverse cube of the distance, and the force of its magnetic field on another dipole goes as the first derivative of the magnetic field. It follows that the dipole-dipole interaction goes as the inverse fourth power of the distance.
Two Flags West
Two Flags West is a 1950 Western drama set during the American Civil War, directed by Robert Wise and starring Joseph Cotten, Jeff Chandler, Linda Darnell and Cornel Wilde. Based on the historical service of "Galvanized Yankees", the film tells the story of a company of imprisoned Confederate States Army cavalry troopers who are granted amnesty and travel to a remote New Mexico post that is attacked by Kiowa Indians.

Two Flags West is among a group of 1950s Civil War reconciliation-themed Westerns in which soldiers from North and South combine against a common foe, along with Rocky Mountain (1950), The Last Outpost (1951), Escape from Fort Bravo (1953) and Revolt at Fort Laramie 
(1957).

Rocky Mountain (film)
Rocky Mountain is a 1950 American Western film directed by William Keighley and starring Errol Flynn. It also stars Patrice Wymore, who married Flynn in 1950. The film is set in California near the end of the American Civil War.

Filmink magazine called it "a hidden gem, one of Flynn's best Westerns."
Aburatorigami
Aburatorigami (あぶらとり紙, lit. 'oil removal paper') is a traditional Japanese facial oil blotting paper. Aburatorigami absorbs excess oil, thereby eliminating shine from the face.
Aburatorigami has traditionally been used by kabuki actors and geisha when wearing oshiroi (traditional white makeup), to keep makeup looking fresh throughout performances.

In modern times it has been growing in popularity for everyday use amongst women and men for its various skincare and makeup benefits. Aburatorigami also works well to keep the balance of water and oil in the skin and prevents skin problems.

Oshiroi
Oshiroi (白粉) is a powder foundation traditionally used by kabuki actors, geisha, and their apprentices. The word is written with kanji meaning "white powder", and is pronounced as the word for white (shiroi) with the honorific prefix o-.

When worn by geisha and maiko, oshiroi is notable for only partially covering the nape of the neck, as an uncovered nape was traditionally considered erotic in Japanese culture.
Papatawa
Papatawa is a rural community in the Tararua District and Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located six kilometres north-east of Woodville, on both sides of State Highway 2.

The area has no shops, and locals use Palmerston North, Pahiatua and Dannevirke as service centres.

Tararua District
The Tararua District is a local government area near the south-east corner of New Zealand's North Island that is administered by the Tararua District Council. It has a population of 18,950 (June 2025), and an area of 4,364.62 km².

The district's northwest boundary runs along the top of the Ruahine Range; its south-east boundary is the Pacific Ocean. The catchment of the Manawatū River generally defines the north and south extremities. The catchment is also the reason the majority of the district is in the Manawatū-Whanganui Region, although traditionally many of the people of the district regard themselves as living in either Hawke's Bay (in the north) or Wairarapa (in the south).
Tiki bar
A tiki bar is a themed drinking establishment that serves elaborate cocktails, especially rum-based mixed drinks such as the Mai Tai and Zombie cocktails. Tiki bars are aesthetically defined by their tiki culture décor which is based upon a romanticized conception of tropical cultures, most commonly Polynesian. Some bars also incorporate general nautical themes or retro elements from the early atomic age.

Many early tiki bars were attached to hotels or were the bar sections for large Asian restaurants. While some are freestanding, cocktail-only affairs, many still serve food; and some hotel-related tiki establishments are still in existence. Large tiki bars may also incorporate a stage for live entertainment. Musicians such as Alfred Apaka and Don Ho played a historically important role in their popularity, and the bars also booked acts such as exotica-style bands and Polynesian dance floor shows.

Zombie (cocktail)
The zombie is a tiki cocktail made of fruit juices, liqueurs, and various rums. It first appeared in late 1934, invented by Donn Beach at his Hollywood Don the Beachcomber restaurant. It was popularized on the East coast soon afterwards at the 1939 New York World's Fair.
Object of the mind
An object of the mind is an object that exists in the mind or imagination, but which, in the real world, can only be represented or modeled. Some such objects are abstractions, concepts and scenarios in literature and fiction.

Closely related are intentional objects, which are what thoughts and feelings are about, even if they are not about anything real (such as thoughts about unicorns, or feelings of apprehension about a dental appointment which is subsequently cancelled). However, intentional objects may coincide with real objects (as in thoughts about horses, or a feeling of regret about a missed appointment).

Subject and object (philosophy)
In philosophy, a subject is a being that exercises agency, undergoes conscious experiences, and is situated in relation to other things that exist outside itself; thus, a subject is any individual, person, or observer. An object is any of the things observed or experienced by a subject, which may even include other beings (thus, from their own points of view: other subjects).

A simple common differentiation for subject and object is: an observer versus a thing that is observed. In certain cases involving personhood, subjects and objects can be considered interchangeable where each label is applied only from one or the other point of view. Subjects and objects are related to the philosophical distinction between subjectivity and objectivity: the existence of knowledge, ideas, or information either dependent upon a subject (subjectivity) or independent from any subject (objectivity).
Niszcz coat of arms
Niszcz (Polish pronunciation: [ɲiʂt͡ʂ]) is a Polish coat of arms attributed to the Niszcz family, a minor szlachta lineage associated with the town of Węgrów in the historical region of Mazovia during the period of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Polish heraldry
Polish heraldry is the study of the coats of arms that have historically been used in Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It treats of specifically Polish heraldic traits and of the Polish heraldic system, contrasted with heraldic systems used elsewhere, notably in Western Europe. Due to the distinctive ways in which feudal societies evolved, Poland's heraldic traditions differ substantially from those of the modern-day German lands and France.

Polish heraldry is an integral part of the history of the Polish szlachta (nobility).
CloudEndure
CloudEndure is a cloud computing company that develops business continuity software for disaster recovery, continuous backup, and live migration. CloudEndure is headquartered in the United States with R&D in Israel.

IT disaster recovery
IT disaster recovery (also, simply disaster recovery (DR)) is the process of maintaining or reestablishing vital infrastructure and systems following a natural or human-induced disaster, such as a storm or battle. DR employs policies, tools, and procedures with a focus on IT systems supporting critical business functions. This involves keeping all essential aspects of a business functioning despite significant disruptive events; it can therefore be considered a subset of business continuity (BC). DR assumes that the primary site is not immediately recoverable and restores data and services to a secondary site.