hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Ludwig Jühlke
Karl Ludwig Jühlke (6 September 1856 - 1 December 1886) was a German explorer.   He was a leading member of the team which in 1885 set the groundwork for creating the colony of German East Africa.   His killing in Kismayo at the end of 1886 by a Somali, who remains unnamed in sources, provoked strong government anger in Berlin where it was reported as a murder undertaken on instructions which came, it was not unreasonable to conclude, from the Sultan of Zanzibar.

Carl Peters
Carl Peters (27 September 1856 – 10 September 1918) was a German explorer and colonial administrator. He was a major promoter of the establishment of the German colony of East Africa (part of today’s Tanzania) and one of the founders of the German East Africa Company. He was a controversial figure in Germany for his views and his brutal treatment of native Africans, which ultimately led to his dismissal from government service in 1897.
Project Sabre II
Project Sabre II was the Pakistan Air Force's program to develop a feasible and low-cost multirole combat jet based on an existing design—the Chengdu F-7 Skybolt, a Chinese variant of the MiG–21. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) initiated Project Sabre II in 1987, hiring the American aerospace firm Grumman, to provide crucial expertise to refine the baseline aircraft design along with specialists from the PAF and the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).

After studying the Sabre II concept with Grumman, the PAF terminated the program as unfeasible on economic grounds. Grumman withdrew from the project after sanctions were imposed by the United States on China after Beijing's suppression of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. An embargo on military aid to Pakistan imposed by the United States further hampered the Sabre II development effort in the 1990s.
 In 1995, Pakistan and China began a collaboration which led to the successful JF-17 Thunder program.

Multirole combat aircraft
A multirole combat aircraft is a combat aircraft intended to perform different roles in combat. Aircraft such as the F-35 Lightning II can be called a ‘multirole fighter’ These roles can include air to air combat, air support, 
aerial bombing, reconnaissance, electronic warfare, and suppression of air defenses.
Miguel Ángel Lotina
Miguel Ángel Lotina Oruechebarría (Spanish pronunciation: [miɣeˈlaŋxel loˈtina]; born 18 June 1957) is a Spanish professional manager and former footballer who played as a striker.

His playing career was spent mostly with Logroñés, whom he represented in the Segunda División, also playing for Castellón in La Liga.

In a managerial career of over three decades, Lotina led seven clubs in the top flight, starting with Logroñés. He won the Copa del Rey with Espanyol in 2006 and the UEFA Intertoto Cup with Deportivo in 2008. He later worked in Cyprus, Qatar and for four teams in Japan.

2008 UEFA Intertoto Cup
The 2008 UEFA Intertoto Cup was the last UEFA Intertoto Cup football tournament, the 14th to be organised by UEFA and the third since the competition's format was given a major overhaul. Fifty teams were invited, with the eleven winners after the third round then advancing to the second qualifying round of the 2008–09 UEFA Cup. The draw took place at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland on 21 April 2008. Based on the subsequent progress of the eleven co-winners in their UEFA Cup efforts, Braga was declared the outright winner of the Intertoto Cup.
Priest Mine
Priest Mine is an abandoned surface and underground mine in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is located about 19 km (12 mi) northwest of the hamlet of Marten River on an island in north-central Cross Lake. Dating back to the early 1900s, it is one of the oldest mines in the municipality of Temagami.

Underground hard-rock mining
Underground hard-rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate "hard" minerals, usually those containing metals, such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin, and lead. It also involves the same techniques used to excavate ores of gems, such as diamonds and rubies. Soft-rock mining refers to the excavation of softer minerals, such as salt, coal, and oil sands.
Nama assemblage
The Nama assemblage was the last of the Ediacaran biotic assemblages. Following the Avalon and White Sea assemblages, it spanned from c. 550 Ma to c. 539 Ma, coinciding with the Terminal Ediacaran biozone. The assemblage was characterized by a faunal turnover, with the decline of the preexisting White Sea biota. The drop of diversity has been compared to the mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. A second drop of diversity occurred at the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary, concluding the Nama assemblages with the end-Ediacaran extinction.

Faunal assemblage
In archaeology and paleontology a faunal assemblage is a group of animal fossils found together in a given stratum. In a non-deformed deposition, fossils are organized by stratum following the laws of uniformitarianism and superposition, which state that the natural phenomena observable today (such as death, decay, or post-mortem transport) also apply to the paleontological record and that the oldest stratum will be at the bottom of a paleontological deposit.

The principle of faunal succession is used in biostratigraphy to determine each biostratigraphic unit, or biozone. The biostratigraphic unit is a section of geological strata that is defined on the basis of its characteristic fossil taxa or faunal assemblage. Faunal assemblages are also analyzed in archaeological deposits, where they are influenced by cultural activities in addition to ecological processes and natural taphonomy.
Decomposition method (constraint satisfaction)
In constraint satisfaction, a decomposition method translates a constraint satisfaction problem into another constraint satisfaction problem that is binary and acyclic. Decomposition methods work by grouping variables into sets, and solving a subproblem for each set. These translations are done because solving binary acyclic problems is a tractable problem.

Each structural restriction defined a measure of complexity of solving the problem after conversion; this measure is called width. Fixing a maximal allowed width  is a way for identifying a subclass of constraint satisfaction problems. Solving problems in this class is polynomial for most decompositions; if this holds for a decomposition, the class of fixed-width problems form a tractable subclass of constraint satisfaction problems.

Directed acyclic graph
In mathematics, particularly graph theory, and computer science, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a directed graph with no directed cycles. That is, it consists of vertices and edges (also called arcs), with each edge directed from one vertex to another, such that following those directions will never form a closed loop. A directed graph is a DAG if and only if it can be topologically ordered, by arranging the vertices as a linear ordering that is consistent with all edge directions. DAGs have numerous scientific and computational applications, ranging from biology (evolution, family trees, epidemiology) to information science (citation networks) to computation (scheduling).

Directed acyclic graphs are also called acyclic directed graphs or acyclic digraphs.
Mikhail Khilkov
Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Khilkov (also spelled Chilkoff, Chilkov, Khilkoff, Hilkof and other variants) (Russian: Михаил Иванович Хилков) (18 December [O.S. 6 December], 1834 - 8 March 1909) was a Russian railroad executive. He was born on the family estate in Sinevo-Dubrovo in Bezhetsky District, Tver Province, Russia. He died in St. Petersburg, and was buried in the village of Gorka in the Sonkovsky District, Tver Province. He served as the Minister of Social Works, Trade and Agriculture of Bulgaria in 1882–1885 and as the Minister of Communications of the Russian Empire in 1895–1905. Khilkov supervised operation of hospital trains during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, construction of the Trans-Caspian Railway and the Trans-Siberian Railway.

Trans-Caspian railway
The Trans-Caspian Railway (also called the Central Asian Railway, Russian: Среднеазиатская железная дорога) is a railway that follows the path of the Silk Road through much of western Central Asia.  It was built by the Russian Empire during its expansion into Central Asia in the 19th century. The railway was started in 1879, following the Russian victory over Khokand. Originally it served a military purpose of facilitating the Imperial Russian Army in actions against the local resistance to their rule. However, when Lord Curzon visited the railway, he remarked that he considered its significance went beyond local military control and threatened British interests in Asia.
Lakewood, Zamboanga del Sur
Lakewood, officially the Municipality of Lakewood (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Lakewood; Subanen: Benwa Danaw; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Lakewood; Tagalog: Bayan ng Lakewood), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 21,559 people.

Subanen languages
The Subanen languages (also Subanon and Subanun) are a group of closely related Austronesian languages belonging to the Greater Central Philippine subgroup.: 303  Subanen languages are spoken in various areas of Zamboanga Peninsula, namely the provinces of Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur, and in Misamis Occidental of Northern Mindanao. There is also a sizeable Subanen community in Misamis Oriental and Lanao del Norte. Most speakers of Subanen languages go by the name of Subanen, Subanon or Subanun, while those who adhere to Islam refer to themselves as Kolibugan, Kalibugan, Tewlet or Telet.
Thomas de Grey, 4th Baron Walsingham
Thomas de Grey, 4th Baron Walsingham (Chelsea 10 April 1778 – Merton, Norfolk, 8 September 1839) was Archdeacon of Winchester from 1807 until 1814; and then of Surrey from 1814 until his death.

The 2nd son of Thomas de Grey, 2nd Baron Walsingham, he was educated at Eton and St John's College, Cambridge. He held livings at Aston Abbotts, Merton, Bishopstoke, Fawley, Weeke and Calbourne.

He succeeded his brother George de Grey, 3rd Baron Walsingham, in 1831 when the latter was killed with his wife as the result of a house fire at his London Home, inheriting the barony and the family seat of Merton Hall, Norfolk.

He died in 1839 and was buried at Merton, Norfolk. He had married in 1802 Elizabeth North, the daughter of Rt Rev Hon Brownlow North DD, Bishop of Winchester. They had six sons and three daughters. He was succeeded by his eldest son Thomas de Grey, 5th Baron Walsingham.

Merton, Norfolk
Merton is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It covers an area of 5.94 km2 (2.29 sq mi) and had a population of 113 in 50 households at the 2001 census, increasing to a population of 133 in 56 households at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of Breckland.

The villages name means "Pool farm/settlement".

Merton Hall is the home of Lord Walsingham.

Its church, St Peter's, is one of 124 existing round-tower churches in Norfolk and is a Grade I listed building.
Vivian Cheung
Vivian Cheung is a British entertainment entrepreneur. A fantasy and pop culture expert, with her business partner and husband Nick Landau, Cheung is the co-owner of the Titan Entertainment Group, which comprises the Forbidden Planet Limited store chain and Titan Publishing Group.

Forbidden Planet (retail chain)
Forbidden Planet is the trading name of three separate businesses with online and retail bookstores selling science fiction, fantasy and popular culture products. The original store was opened in London in 1978 named after the 1956 feature film of the same name.  Specialising in film and television merchandise, the shops sell comic books, graphic novels, fantasy and horror, manga, DVDs, video games, and a wide variety of co-branded edition/collector's items, promotional apparel and merchandise and collector's items.
System Global Area
In the database management systems developed by the Oracle Corporation, the System Global Area (SGA) forms the part of the system memory (RAM) shared by all the processes belonging to a single Oracle database instance. The SGA contains all information necessary for the instance operation.

Oracle Database
Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle DBMS, Oracle Autonomous Database, or simply as Oracle) is a proprietary multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.

It is a database commonly used for running online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing (DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. Oracle Database is available by several service providers on-premises, on-cloud, or as a hybrid cloud installation.  It may be run on third party servers as well as on Oracle hardware (Exadata on-premises, on Oracle Cloud or at Cloud at Customer).

Oracle Database uses SQL for database updating and retrieval.
Anthony J. Celebrezze Jr.
Anthony Joseph "Tony" Celebrezze Jr. (September 8, 1941 – July 4, 2003) was an American politician of the Democratic party, who served as Ohio Attorney General, Ohio Secretary of State and an Ohio State Senator. He was the son of Anthony J. Celebrezze, and part of the Celebrezze political dynasty, which was prominent in Cleveland in particular and statewide in Ohio throughout the second half of the 20th century and early 2000s.

Ohio Secretary of State
The secretary of state of Ohio is an elected statewide official in the state of Ohio. The secretary of state is responsible for overseeing elections in the state; registering business entities (corporations, etc.) and granting them the authority to do business within the state; registering secured transactions; and granting access to public documents.

From 1803 to 1851, the Ohio secretary of state was elected by the Ohio General Assembly to a three-year term. The 1851 Ohio Constitution made the office elective, with a two-year term. In 1954, the office's term was extended to four years. The secretary of state is elected in even-numbered, off cycle years, (no Presidential elections), after partisan primary elections.
Anna Camp-Bennett
Anna Camp-Bennett (née Camp; born April 9, 1998) is an American middle-distance runner who competes in the 800 m and 1500 m. Competing for Brigham Young University, she won the 1500 m at the 2021 NCAA Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

After graduating from BYU, Camp-Bennett signed professionally with Adidas, and has since set personal bests of 2:00.60 in the 800 m, 4:04.99 in the 1500 m, and 4:26.95 in the mile, while remaining under the tutelage of her college coach Diljeet Taylor.

2021 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2021 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships was the 99th NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the 39th NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships held at the reconstructed Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon on the campus of the University of Oregon. 42 events (21 men's and 21 women's) were contested from Wednesday, June 9 until Saturday, June 12, starting with the men's decathlon and ending with the women's 4 × 400-meter relay. Men's events were held Wednesday and Friday, and women's events were held Thursday and Saturday, with the exception of the men's decathlon and women's heptathlon which extended into Thursday and Friday respectively.
Japanese kitchen knife
A Japanese kitchen knife is a type of kitchen knife used for food preparation. These knives come in many different varieties and are often made using traditional Japanese blacksmithing techniques. They can be made from stainless steel, or hagane, which is the same kind of steel used to make Japanese swords. Most knives are referred to as hōchō (Japanese: 包丁/庖丁) or the variation -bōchō in compound words (because of rendaku) but can have other names including -ba (〜刃; lit. "-blade") and -kiri (〜切り; lit. "-cutter"). There are four general categories used to distinguish the Japanese knife designs:

handle — Western v. Japanese construction, or a fusion of the two

blade grind — single bevel, kataba v. double bevel, ryōba (outside of kitchen knives, these can mean single/double edged)

steel — stainless v. (high) carbon

construction — laminated v. mono-steel

Tamahagane
Tamahagane (玉鋼) is a type of steel made in the Japanese tradition. The word tama means 'precious', and the word hagane means 'steel'. Tamahagane is used to make Japanese swords, daggers, knives, and other kinds of tools.

The carbon content of the majority of analyzed Japanese swords historically lies between a mass of 0.5–0.7%; however, the range extends up to 1.5%.
2015–16 Hyderabad C.A. season
The 2015–16 season is Hyderabad cricket team's 82nd competitive season. The Hyderabad cricket team and Hyderabad women's cricket team are senior men's and women's domestic cricket teams based in the city of Hyderabad, India, run by the Hyderabad Cricket Association. They represent the state of Telangana in domestic competitions.

Hyderabad Cricket Association
Hyderabad Cricket Association is the governing body of cricket activities in Hyderabad and other districts in the state of Telangana in India and the Hyderabad cricket team. It is an affiliated member of the Board of Control for Cricket in India. The association was founded in 1934 and has been affiliated to the BCCI ever since.

The HCA operates the Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium in Hyderabad, which hosts International level Test, ODI and T20 cricket matches.
Aeronautics Defense Systems
Aeronautics Defense Systems, doing business as Aeronautics, is an Israeli defense contractor headquartered in Yavne, Israel. The company primarily manufactures unmanned aerial vehicles for both military and civilian applications. Aeronautics’ senior management is made up of figures from Israel's defense, financial and political sectors. The company's CEO is Amos Mathan, who was the CEO of Soltam Systems. The chairman of the board is Yedidia Yaari, a retired vice admiral who was the commander-in-chief of the Israeli Navy from 2000 to 2004 and the president of defense firm Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. from 2004 to 2015.

On September 2, 2019, the company was acquired by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, and Israeli businessman Avihai Stolero.

Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. (Hebrew: רפאל - מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע"מ) is an Israeli defense technology company. It was founded as Israel's National R&D Defense Laboratory for the development of weapons and military technology within the Israeli Ministry of Defense; in 2002 it was incorporated as a limited company.
Leptinella filiformis
Leptinella filiformis, or slender button daisy, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family, found only in the north-eastern part of the South Island of New Zealand. Thought to be extinct by the 1980s, it was rediscovered growing on a Hanmer Springs hotel lawn in 1998, and in the wild in 2015.

Hanmer Springs
Hanmer Springs is a small town in the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand, known for its hot pools. The Māori name for Hanmer Springs is Te Whakatakanga o te ngārahu o te ahi a Tamatea, which means "where the ashes of Tamatea's fire lay", referring to Tamatea, the captain of the canoe Tākitimu.

Hanmer Springs is located 130 km (81 mi) north-west of Christchurch and 65 km (40 mi) south-west of Kaikōura (135 km (84 mi) by road), in the Hurunui District. The town lies on a minor road 9 km (5.6 mi) north of State Highway 7, the northern route between Christchurch and the West Coast via Lewis Pass. The township lies at the base of Conical Hill. Mount Isobel (1,324 m (4,344 ft)) looks over Hanmer Springs. Jacks Pass and Jollies Pass provide access to the Molesworth and Rainbow roads.
Birkenhead Lake Provincial Park
Birkenhead Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located in the Lillooet Country region. The park lies north of the communities of Squamish, Whistler and Pemberton, and immediately northwest of Birkenhead Peak and Gates Lake (a.k.a. Birken Lake) at the community of Birken.

The park has a size of 104.39 km2 (40.31 sq mi), while Birkenhead Lake itself is 4.087 km2 (1.578 sq mi).

Birken, British Columbia
Birken is an unincorporated community on the north shore of Gates Lake in the Squamish-Lillooet region of southwestern British Columbia. On Pemberton Portage Road, the locality is by road about 182 kilometres (113 mi) north of Vancouver and 62 kilometres (39 mi) northeast of Whistler.
Tai Webster
Tai Jack Webster (born 29 May 1995) is a New Zealand professional basketball player for the New Zealand Breakers of the Australian National Basketball League (NBL). After starting his career in New Zealand, Webster played college basketball for the Nebraska Cornhuskers, earning second-team All-Big Ten as a senior in 2017. He went on to play professionally in Germany and Turkey before having a season with the New Zealand Breakers in the Australian NBL in 2020–21. After playing in Lithuania and again in Turkey, he joined the Perth Wildcats in 2023.

National Basketball League (Australia)
The National Basketball League (NBL) is a men's professional basketball league in Australasia, currently composed of ten teams: nine in Australia and one in New Zealand. It is the premier professional men's basketball league in Australia and New Zealand. The league was played in the Australian winter until 1998 when it switched to summer seasons beginning with the 1998–99 season. The NBL's regular season runs from September to February, with each team playing 33 games. The league's finals extends into March to April, culminating with the Championship grand final series.
Japanese aircraft carrier Taiyō
The Japanese aircraft carrier Taiyō (大鷹; "Big Eagle") was the lead ship of her class of three escort carriers. She was originally built as Kasuga Maru (春日丸), the last of three Nitta Maru class of passenger-cargo liners built in Japan during the late 1930s for NYK Line. The ship was requisitioned by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in early 1941 and was converted into an escort carrier. Taiyō was initially used to transport aircraft to distant air bases and for training, but was later used to escort convoys of merchant ships between Japan and Singapore. The ship was torpedoed twice by American submarines with negligible to moderate damage before she was sunk in mid-1944 with heavy loss of life.

Nippon Yusen
The Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (日本郵船株式会社, Nippon Yūsen kabushiki kaisha; lit. 'Japan Mail Ship Company'), also known as NYK Line, is a Japanese shipping company. The company headquarters are located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It operates a fleet of over 820 ships, which includes container ships, tankers, bulk and woodchip carriers, roll-on/roll-off car carriers, reefer vessels, LNG carriers, and cruise ships. It is a member of the Ocean Network Express and Mitsubishi Group.
Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp.
Sony Computer Entertainment v. Connectix Corporation, 203 F.3d 596 (2000), commonly referred to as simply Sony v. Connectix, is a decision by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals which ruled that the copying of a copyrighted BIOS software during the development of an emulator software does not constitute copyright infringement, but is covered by fair use. The court also ruled that Sony's PlayStation trademark had not been tarnished by Connectix Corp.'s sale of its emulator software, the Virtual Game Station.

Connectix
Connectix Corporation was a software and hardware company that released innovative products that were either made obsolete as Apple Computer incorporated the ideas into system software, or were sold to other companies once they became popular. It was formed in October 1988 by Jon Garber; the dominant board members and co-founders were Garber, Bonnie Fought (the two were later married), and close friend Roy McDonald.  McDonald was still Chief Executive Officer and president when Connectix finally closed in August 2003.