hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Napier Eland
The Napier Eland is a British turboshaft or turboprop gas-turbine engine built by Napier & Son in the early 1950s. Production of the Eland ceased in 1961 when the Napier company was taken over by Rolls-Royce.

D. Napier & Son
D. Napier & Son Limited was a British engineering company best known for its luxury motor cars in the Edwardian era and for its aero engines throughout the early to mid-20th century.

Napier was founded as a precision engineering company in 1808 and for nearly a century produced machinery for the financial, print, and munitions industries. In the early 20th century it moved for a time into internal combustion engines and road vehicles before turning to aero engines. Its powerful Lion dominated the UK market in the 1920s and the Second World War era Sabre produced 3,500 hp (2,600 kW) in its later versions. Many world speed records on land and water, as well as the Hawker Typhoon and Tempest fighter planes, were powered by Napier engines. During the Second World War the company was taken over by English Electric, and engine manufacture eventually ceased. Today, Napier Turbochargers is a subsidiary of the American company Wabtec.
1997 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1997 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 49th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 26th modern-era NASCAR Cup series. It began on February 9 and ended on November 16. Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports won his second Cup championship at the end of the season.

Jimmy Spencer
James Peter Spencer (born February 15, 1957) is an American former racing driver, team owner, talk show host and television commentator. He is best known for competing in NASCAR. He hosted the NASCAR-inspired talk show, What's the Deal?, on Speed,  and was co-host, with John Roberts and Kenny Wallace, of Speed's pre-race and post-race NASCAR shows NASCAR RaceDay and NASCAR Victory Lane. Before retiring, Spencer had a segment on Speed's NASCAR Race Hub offering commentary and answering viewer questions (on Tuesdays and Thursdays). During his days racing modifieds, he was nicknamed "Mr. Excitement" for his aggressive racing style. Spencer is one of the few drivers to have won a race in all three of NASCAR's top series: the NASCAR Cup Series, the Xfinity Series, and the Truck Series.

Spencer's Cup wins both came in summer 1994 at the restrictor plate races at Daytona and Talladega.
The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood
The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood of Great Renown in Nottinghamshire is an 1883 novel by the American illustrator and writer Howard Pyle. Pyle compiled the traditional Robin Hood ballads as a series of episodes of a coherent narrative. For his characters' dialog, Pyle adapted the late Middle English of the ballads into a dialect suitable for children.

The novel is notable for taking the subject of Robin Hood, which had been increasingly popular through the 19th century, in a new direction that influenced later writers, artists, and filmmakers through the next century.

Friar Tuck
Friar Tuck is one of the Merry Men, the band of heroic outlaws in the folklore of Robin Hood. Although a common character in the modern Robin Hood legend, Tuck does not appear in the earliest surviving Robin Hood ballads.
Magadi Soda Company
The Magadi Soda Company manufactures soda ash at the Kenyan town of Magadi, which is in southwestern Kenya. It is the largest manufacturer of soda ash in Africa. The company was founded in 1911 and mines trona from Lake Magadi, in the Rift Valley. Lake Magadi has one of the purest surface deposits of trona. The trona is converted by Magadi to soda ash, at a facility near the mining operations, and the soda ash is transported by rail to Mombasa for onward shipping.

Magadi is a subsidiary of Brunner Mond, Imperial Chemical Industries, and of Tata Chemicals, and is headquartered in Magadi, Kenya.

Trona
Trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) is a non-marine evaporite mineral. It is mined as the primary source of sodium carbonate in the United States, where it has replaced the Solvay process used in most of the rest of the world for sodium carbonate production. Turkey is also a major producer.
Hermite's cotangent identity
In mathematics, Hermite's cotangent identity is a trigonometric identity discovered by Charles Hermite.  Suppose a1, ..., an are complex numbers, no two of which differ by an integer multiple of π.  Let

(in particular, A1,1, being an empty product, is 1).  Then

The simplest non-trivial example is the case n = 2:

Charles Hermite
Charles Hermite (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl ɛʁˈmit]) FRS FRSE MIAS (24 December 1822 – 14 January 1901) was a French mathematician who did research concerning number theory, quadratic forms, invariant theory, orthogonal polynomials, elliptic functions, and algebra.

Hermite polynomials, Hermite interpolation, Hermite normal form, Hermitian operators (e.g. Hermitian adjoint, Hermitian matrix), and cubic Hermite splines are named in his honor.  One of his students was Henri Poincaré.

He was the first to prove that e, the base of natural logarithms, is a transcendental number.  His methods were used later by Ferdinand von Lindemann to prove that π  is transcendental.
Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole
Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole (Romagnol: Castruchèira or Castruchêra e Tèra de Sòlis) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Bologna and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Forlì.

The comune consists of three small towns: Castrocaro, Terra del Sole and Pieve Salutare. Terra del Sole, founded as a 16th-century fortress by Cosimo I de' Medici, is believed to occupy the site of the ancient city of Solona, which lends its name to the town Terra del Sole.

Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole borders the following municipalities: Brisighella, Dovadola, Forlì, Modigliana, Predappio.

Castrocaro is home to a spa. It is also the seat of the Castrocaro Music Festival, featuring new singers.

Castrocaro Music Festival
The Castrocaro Music Festival, also known as Concorso per Voci Nuove, is an Italian musical contest which takes place every year in the town of Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, near Forlì, from 1957. The competition is exclusively reserved for new talents, and it had its maximum popularity from 1962 to early Eighties when, under the direction of Gianni Ravera, based on an agreement with the Sanremo Music Festival the top two finishers of the competition gained the access to the Sanremo Festival. Singers who were launched by the event include Gigliola Cinquetti, Iva Zanicchi, Zucchero Fornaciari, Fiordaliso, Caterina Caselli, Laura Pausini, Eros Ramazzotti, Franco Simone and Alice.
Tuareg militias of Ghat
Tuareg militias of Ghat (TMG) are ethnic Tuareg tribal militias, operating in South-West Libya desert areas during the Second Libyan Civil War. The militias rose to prominence in the district of Ghat, which has a Tuareg majority. Gradually, the Tuareg forces expanded their hold also into neighbouring districts. The Libyan Tuaregs are supported by Tuaregs of Mali and groups like Ahmed al-Ansari, with support from the Misratan Libyan Dawn forces. Tuareg militias often utilize the Berber flag.

Tuareg militias are one of a number of factions vying for power in southern Libya, which from 2012 onward has suffered from conflict among Arab, Tabu, and Tuareg tribes.

Ghat District
Ghat (Berber: Ɣat; Arabic: غات Ġāt) is one of the districts of Libya. Its capital is Ghat. To the west, Ghat borders two provinces of Algeria: Djanet in the far southwest, and Illizi Province. Domestically, it borders Wadi Al Shatii in the north, Wadi Al Hayaa in the northeast and Murzuq in the east.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747 with 150,353 Libyans. The average size of the household in the country was 6.9, while the average household size of non-Libyans was 3.7. There were a total of  22,713 households in the district, with 20,907 Libyan ones.  The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per km2. Per 2006 census, there were totally 8,218 economically active people in the district.
Benzole
In the United Kingdom, benzole or benzol is a coal-tar product consisting mainly of benzene and toluene. It was originally used as a "motor spirit", as were petroleum spirits. Benzole was also blended with petrol and sold as a motor fuel under trade names including "National Benzole Mixture" and "Regent Benzole Mixture".

National Benzole
National Benzole was a petroleum brand used in the United Kingdom from 1919 to the 1990s. In 1957, the National Benzole Co. became wholly owned by Shell-Mex & BP (through British Petroleum) but continued its separate trading identity. In the early 1960s, National Benzole was re-branded as National and continued trading as a UK retailer of petroleum products until the early 1990s, when the brand was phased out by parent company, BP.
Garagoa
Garagoa (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡaɾaˈɣoa]) is a town and municipality in Colombia, located in the Boyacá Department. It covers an area of 191.75 km2 and the urban centre is located at an altitude of 1,650 metres (5,410 ft) above sea level. Parts of the municipality reach altitudes of 3,050 metres (10,010 ft). It is the capital of the province of Neira. It is also the seat of the Diocese of Garagoa of the Catholic Church. The municipality is situated in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes and borders Chinavita in the north, Macanal in the south, Tenza and Sutatenza in the west and Miraflores and Chinavita in the east.

Diocese of Garagoa
The Diocese of Garagoa (Latin: Garagoënsis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church Colombia. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Tunja.

Its cathedral is Catedral de Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Chiquinquirá, dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary, in the episcopal see of Garagoa, Boyacá Department.
Sominassé
Sominassé is a town in northeastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Nassian Department in Bounkani Region, Zanzan District.

Sominassé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Sominassé was 6,326.

Nassian Department
Nassian Department is a department of Bounkani Region in Zanzan District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 71,724 and its seat is the settlement of Nassian. The sub-prefectures of the department are Bogofa, Kakpin, Koutouba, Nassian, and Sominassé.
Virginia Bosler
Virginia Bosler (September 23, 1926 – August 30, 2020), known to friends by her childhood nickname "Winkie", was an American actress born in Newton, Massachusetts. She was known for acting in Broadway musicals.

Brigadoon
Brigadoon is a musical with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and score by Frederick Loewe. The plot features two American tourists who stumble upon Brigadoon, a mysterious Scottish village that appears for only one day every 100 years; one tourist soon falls in love with a young woman from Brigadoon. The show's song "Almost Like Being in Love" subsequently became a standard.

The original production opened at the Ziegfeld Theatre on Broadway in 1947 and ran for 581 performances, starring David Brooks,  Marion Bell, Pamela Britton, and Lee Sullivan. Brigadoon opened at Her Majesty's Theatre in the West End in 1949 and ran for 685 performances; many revivals have followed. The  1954 film adaptation starred Gene Kelly and Cyd Charisse, while the 1966 television version starred Robert Goulet, Sally Ann Howes, and Peter Falk.
Capturing the Killer Nurse
Capturing the Killer Nurse is a 2022 true crime documentary film about serial killer Charles Cullen and how investigators were able to prove Cullen was killing patients while working in hospitals and at a nursing home as a nurse in the United States. The film is based on the 2013 book The Good Nurse: A True Story of Medicine, Madness, and Murder by Charles Graeber and is directed by Tim Travers Hawkins, who wrote the screenplay with Robin Ockleford. Produced by Sandpaper Films and Fifty Fifty Post, it was released on November 11, 2022, on the streaming service Netflix.

Charles Cullen
Charles Edmund Cullen (born February 22, 1960) is an American serial killer. While working as a nurse, Cullen murdered dozens—possibly hundreds—of patients during a 16-year career spanning several New Jersey and Pennsylvania medical centers until finally being arrested in 2003. He confessed to committing as many as 40 murders at least 29 of which have been confirmed, though interviews with police, psychiatrists and journalists suggest he committed many more. Researchers have suggested that Cullen may have murdered as many as 400 people. However, most murders cannot be confirmed due to lack of records.
Clavaric acid
Clavaric acid is a lanostane type steroid produced by the mushroom Hypholoma lateritium. Clavaric acid was discovered by Merck Research Laboratories in a random screening of natural extracts. Clavaric acid is a reversible farnesyltransferase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.3 μM.

Farnesyltransferase inhibitor
The farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) are a class of experimental cancer drugs that target protein farnesyltransferase with the downstream effect of preventing the proper functioning of the Ras (protein), which is commonly abnormally active in cancer.
Line element
In geometry, the line element or length element can be informally thought of as a line segment associated with an infinitesimal displacement vector in a metric space. The length of the line element, which may be thought of as a differential arc length, is a function of the metric tensor and is denoted by .

Line elements are used in physics, especially in theories of gravitation (most notably general relativity) where spacetime is modelled as a curved pseudo-Riemannian manifold with an appropriate metric tensor.

Metric tensor (general relativity)
In general relativity, the metric tensor (in this context often abbreviated to simply the metric) is the fundamental object of study. The metric captures all the geometric and causal structure of spacetime, being used to define notions such as time, distance, volume, curvature, angle, and separation of the future and the past.

In general relativity, the metric tensor plays the role of the gravitational potential in the classical theory of gravitation, although the physical content of the associated equations is entirely different. Gutfreund and Renn say "that in general relativity the gravitational potential is represented by the metric tensor."
District of Columbia Bar
The District of Columbia Bar (DCB) is the mandatory bar association of the District of Columbia. It administers the admissions, licensing, and discipline functions for lawyers licensed to practice in the District.

It is to be distinguished from the Bar Association of the District of Columbia, which is a voluntary bar.

Bar association
A bar association is a professional association of lawyers as generally organized in countries following the Anglo-American types of jurisprudence. The word bar is derived from the old English/European custom of using a physical railing (bar) to separate the area in which court or legal profession business is done from the viewing area for the general public or students of the law.

Some bar associations are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession in their jurisdiction; others are professional organizations dedicated to serving their members; in many cases, they are both. In many Commonwealth jurisdictions, the bar association comprises lawyers who are qualified as barristers or advocates in particular, versus solicitors (see bar council). Membership in bar associations may be mandatory (necessary to practice law) or optional (voluntary) for practicing attorneys, depending on jurisdiction.
Bill McGlone
Bill McGlone (born April 24, 1984) is a professional lacrosse player from Ridley, Pennsylvania. McGlone plays for the Boston Cannons of Major League Lacrosse and the Philadelphia Wings of the National Lacrosse League.

Ridley Township, Pennsylvania
Ridley Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 30,768 at the 2010 census. Ridley Township contains the (CDPs) of Folsom and Woodlyn, along with the unincorporated communities of Crum Lynne and Holmes and a portion of Secane.
Balpyk Derbisaliuly
Balpyk Derbisaliuly (1705–1780) was a Kazakh military figure. Born in Koksu District in Almaty Province, the Kazakh people named him "Yegiz bi", meaning "twin judges". He was a prominent figure during the Dzungar invasions in Kazakhstan, and headed the Zhalaiyir tribe.

Today the district capital of Koksu District is named after him, Balpyk Bi.

Balpyk Bi
Balpyk Bi (Kazakh: Балпық би, Balpyq Bi) is a settlement and capital of Koksu District in Jetisu Region of south-eastern Kazakhstan.  It is named after the 18-century Kazakh military hero Balpyk Derbisaliuly. Population: 12,654 (2009 Census results); 12,145 (1999 Census results).

Located on the Koksu River, the Kyzylbulak Hydroelectric Power Plant is located in the area.
Porus
Porus or Puru (Ancient Greek: Πῶρος Pôros; fl. 326–321 BC) was an ancient Indian king whose territory spanned the region between the Jhelum River (Hydaspes) and Chenab River (Acesines) in the Punjab region. He is only mentioned in Greek sources.
Said to be a warrior with exceptional skills, Porus fought against Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes (326 BC). Following the conflict, Porus retained his kingship. Alexander not only reinstated him as his satrap but also expanded his jurisdiction to include dominion over lands to the south-east extending as far as the Hyphasis (Beas). Porus reportedly died sometime between 321 and 315 BC.

Jhelum River
The Jhelum River is a major river in South Asia, flowing through India and Pakistan, and is the westernmost of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. It originates at Verinag in India-administered Jammu and Kashmir, flows into Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir, and then flows through the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total length of about 725 kilometres (450 mi).
Dominican Convent, Zaragoza
The Dominican Convent in the city of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain (Spanish: Convento de Santo Domingo de Zaragoza) is a former Dominican priory.

The remains of Eudoxia Laskarina Asanina, also known as Irene Lascaris are said to lie here.

Eudoxia Laskarina
Eudoxia Laskarina Asanina (Greek: Εὐδοκία Λασκαρίνα Ἀσανίνα, romanized: Evdokía Laskarina Asanina; Spanish: Eudoxia Láscaris, Nicaea, 1245/1248 – Zaragoza, 1309 or 1311), sometimes known as Laskara, was a member of the Byzantine Laskaris family. In later life, she fled to Aragon, where she was known as Irene Lascaris.
Governor of Luhansk Oblast
The governor of Luhansk Oblast is the head of the executive branch for the Luhansk Oblast. Due to the current Russo-Ukrainian War, the administration has been assigned as a civil–military administration since 5 March 2015. As a result, the governor of the Oblast is officially called Head of the Luhansk Regional Military–Civil Administration.

The office of governor is an appointed position, with officeholders being appointed by the president of Ukraine, on recommendation from the prime minister of Ukraine, to serve a four-year term.

The official residence for the governor was originally located in Luhansk and then relocated to Sievierodonetsk (until its capture by Russian forces in 2022) due to the War in Donbas, since 5 March 2015.

Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)
The Battle of Sievierodonetsk was a military engagement in the wider battle of Donbas of the eastern Ukraine campaign during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The city of Sievierodonetsk acted as the administrative center of unoccupied Luhansk Oblast prior to the invasion. By May 2022, Sievierodonetsk and the neighbouring city of Lysychansk were the only notable parts of the oblast that remained under Ukrainian control.

By 14 June 2022, Russian forces had gained control of most of the city and cut off most escape routes. On 24 June 2022, Ukrainian units were ordered to retreat from the city and the next day Russian and pro-Russian separatist forces fully captured Sievierodonetsk. The Russian advance continued against Lysychansk, which fell in early July.

The Battle of Sievierodonetsk was marked by fierce urban combat and has been described as one of the war's bloodiest. Around 90% of the city's buildings were destroyed or damaged.
Data warehouse
In computing, a data warehouse (DW or DWH), also known as an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a system used for reporting and data analysis and is a core component of business intelligence. Data warehouses are central repositories of data integrated from disparate sources. They store current and historical data organized in a way that is optimized for data analysis, generation of reports, and developing insights across the integrated data. They are intended to be used by analysts and managers to help make organizational decisions.

The data stored in the warehouse is uploaded from operational systems (such as marketing or sales). The data may pass through an operational data store and may require data cleansing for additional operations to ensure data quality before it is used in the data warehouse for reporting.

The two main workflows for building a data warehouse system are extract, transform, load (ETL) and extract, load, transform (ELT).

Database normalization
Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by British computer scientist Edgar F. Codd as part of his relational model.

Normalization entails organizing the columns (attributes) and tables (relations) of a database to ensure that their dependencies are properly enforced by database integrity constraints. It is accomplished by applying some formal rules either by a process of synthesis (creating a new database design) or decomposition (improving an existing database design).
Billboard Music Award for Top Collaboration
This article lists the winners and nominees for the Billboard Music Award for Top Collaboration. Since the creation of this category, Justin Bieber is the first and only artist to win this award multiple times (2).

Billboard Music Awards
The Billboard Music Awards are honors given out annually by Billboard, a publication covering the music business and a music popularity chart. The Billboard Music Awards show has been held annually since 1990, with the exception of the years 2007 through 2010. The event was previously staged in December, but has been held in May since returning in 2011. On October 19, 2023, it was announced that the award ceremony will be reformatted as a digital-only show and move from broadcast television to its website and Billboard's social media pages, starting with the 2023 edition on November 19, but in 2024, the show aired on Fox.
Rav Huna
Rav Huna (Hebrew: רב הונא) was a Jewish Talmudist and Exilarch who lived in Babylonia, known as an amora of the second generation and head of the Academy of Sura; he was born about 216 CE (212 CE according to Gratz) and died in 296–297 CE (608 of the Seleucidan era) or in 290 CE.

Amoraim
Amoraim (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אמוראים [ʔamoraˈʔim], singular Amora אמורא [ʔamoˈra]; "those who say" or "those who speak over the people", or "spokesmen") refers to Jewish scholars of the period from about 200 to 500 CE, who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral Torah. They were primarily located in Babylonia and the Land of Israel. Their legal discussions and debates were eventually codified in the Gemara. The Amoraim followed the Tannaim in the sequence of ancient Jewish scholars. The Tannaim were direct transmitters of uncodified oral tradition; the Amoraim expounded upon and clarified the oral law after its initial codification.