hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
B54 (New York City bus)
The B54 is a bus route on Myrtle Avenue in Brooklyn, New York City. The line travels between Downtown Brooklyn in the west and Myrtle–Wyckoff Avenues station in the east. The B54 operates from MTA New York City Bus's Fresh Pond Depot in Ridgewood, Queens. The route serves only the section of Myrtle Avenue within Brooklyn; the section within Queens is served by the Q55 bus.

The B54 replaced the Myrtle Avenue Line, the first streetcar line in Brooklyn, which was built by the Brooklyn City Railroad and opened in 1854. This line initially served the entirety of Myrtle Avenue with horse cars. They were replaced with electric trolleys by July 1893, and then by the two city-owned bus routes on July 17, 1949. The Myrtle Avenue Line is distinct from the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line, which is a separate subway line that also operates along a portion of Myrtle Avenue in Bushwick, Brooklyn. Until 1969, the BMT line also ran on elevated tracks above the entire Brooklyn section of Myrtle Avenue.

Myrtle Avenue
Myrtle Avenue is a 8.1-mile-long (13.0 km) street that runs from Duffield Street in Downtown Brooklyn to Jamaica Avenue in Richmond Hill, Queens, in New York City, United States. Myrtle is a main thoroughfare through the neighborhoods of Fort Greene, Clinton Hill, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Bushwick, Ridgewood, and Glendale.
Electronics manufacturing services
Electronics manufacturing services (EMS) is a term used for companies that design, manufacture, test, distribute, and provide return/repair services for electronic components and assemblies for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The concept is also referred to as electronics contract manufacturing (ECM).

Many high-volume consumer electronic products have been built in China and countries of Southeast Asia, due to the speed of manufacture of high-volume low-cost electronics in those locations, as opposed to the United States. Cities such as Shenzhen, China and Penang, Malaysia have become important production centres for the industry, attracting many consumer electronics companies such as Apple Inc. Some companies such as Flex and Wistron are original design manufacturers and providers of electronics manufacturing services.

Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another company. However, the term is ambiguous, with several other common meanings: an OEM can be the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller.
OEM manufacturing is also widely used in the packaging industry, particularly in the production of customized gift boxes for wine and spirits. These OEM producers allow brands to create unique holiday packaging without maintaining their own manufacturing facilities.
Muscle tone
In physiology, medicine, and anatomy, muscle tone (residual muscle tension or tonus) is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, or the muscle's resistance to passive stretch during resting state. It helps to maintain posture and declines during REM sleep. Muscle tone is regulated by the activity of the motor neurons and can be affected by various factors, including age, disease, and nerve damage.

Spasticity
Spasticity  (from Greek  spasmos- 'drawing, pulling') is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness, or "pull" of muscles.

Clinically, spasticity results from the loss of inhibition of motor neurons, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction. This ultimately leads to hyperreflexia, an exaggerated deep tendon reflex. Spasticity is often treated with the drug baclofen, which acts as an agonist at GABA receptors, which are inhibitory.

Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy, which is a group of permanent movement problems that do not get worse over time. GABA's inhibitory actions contribute to baclofen's efficacy as an anti-spasticity agent.
Carl Eckart
Carl Henry Eckart (May 4, 1902 – October 23, 1973) was an American physicist, physical oceanographer, geophysicist, and administrator.  He co-developed the Wigner–Eckart theorem and is also known for the Eckart conditions in quantum mechanics, the Eckart–Young theorem in linear algebra, and his work on non-equilibrium thermodynamics and continuum mechanics, including a relativistic treatment.

Arnold Sommerfeld
Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (German: [ˈaʁnɔlt ˈzɔmɐˌfɛlt]; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in both atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretical physics.

Sommerfeld served as doctoral advisor and postdoctoral advisor to seven Nobel Prize winners and supervised at least 30 other famous physicists and chemists.

Sommerfeld introduced the second quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, and the third quantum number, magnetic quantum number. He also introduced the fine-structure constant and pioneered X-ray wave theory.
PEN/Nora Magid Award for Magazine Editing
The PEN/Nora Magid Award for Magazine Editing given by the PEN America (formerly PEN American Center) is awarded biennially to "a magazine editor whose high literary standards and taste have, throughout his or her career, contributed significantly to the excellence of the publication he or she edits." It was established in 1993.

Candidates include "current editors-in-chief, literary editors, and 'back-of-the-book' editors of serious general interest magazines, book reviews, or literary reviews and quarterlies, whose intellectual discernment and wide range of interests recall the late PEN member Nora Magid, who was for many years the literary editor of The Reporter."

The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world. The PEN American Center awards have been characterized as being among the "major" American literary prizes.

Nora Magid
Nora Magid (1926 - 1991) was a Canadian-American writer and professor in the department of English at the University of Pennsylvania. She was the literary editor of The Reporter and is the namesake of the Nora Magid Mentorship Prize and the PEN/Nora Magid Award for Magazine Editing.
The Centre (political party)
The Centre (German: Die Mitte; French: Le Centre; Italian: il Centro; Romansh: il Center) is a centre to centre-right political party in Switzerland. It was formed through the merger of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland (CVP/PDC) and the Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland (BDP/PBD). Following the formal merger of the parties on 1 January 2021, it has 29 of 200 seats in the National Council and 15 of 46 seats in the Council of States. Martin Pfister is the party's representative on the Federal Council.

Martin Pfister
Martin Pfister (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈmartiːn ˈpfɪstər]; born 31 July 1963) is a Swiss historian and politician of the Centre who has served as a Federal Councillor since 2025, heading the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport.

A trained teacher and an Oberst in the Swiss Army, having served for eight years in disaster response, he previously served as a Regierungsrat (Cantonal Minister) of Zug from 2016 to 2025, responsible for the health department.
Clinch River State Park
Clinch River State Park is a river-based state park in Tazewell, Russell, Wise, and Scott counties in Southwest Virginia. It was dedicated by Gov. Ralph Northam on 16 June 2021 as the 41st park in the Virginia State Park system. The park preserves some of the most scenic and ecologically diverse parts of the Clinch River. It is the first "blueway" park in the Commonwealth.

Clinch River
The Clinch River is a river that flows southwest for more than 300 miles (480 km) through the Great Appalachian Valley in the U.S. states of Virginia and Tennessee, gathering various tributaries, including the Powell River, before joining the Tennessee River in Kingston, Tennessee.
Magdalena Schnurr
Magdalena Schnurr (born 25 March 1992 in Baden-Baden) is a German ski jumper. She won the FIS Junior Ski Jumping World Championships 2009 in Štrbské Pleso. She finished in seventh place in the World Championship 2009 in Liberec. She has 4 wins from the Ladies Continental Cup in ski jumping (the highest level).

FIS Junior Ski Jumping World Championships 2009
The FIS Junior Ski Jumping World Championships 2009 (JWSC) (part of 2009 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships) is a ski jumping World Championship for juniors (age 15–20). It took place in Strbske Pleso, Slovakia, from February 2 until February 8, 2009. The competition took place on Strbske Pleso's MS 1970 B-hill which has a hill size of 100 meters, and the k-point at 90 meters. The hill record as of February 7, 2009, was 101.5 meters and held by Russian Roman Trofimov in 2008.
Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed Park
Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed Park (Bengali: বিচারপতি শাহাবুদ্দিন আহমেদ পার্ক) or in short Shahabuddin Park, is an urban park located in the Gulshan 2 area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. In 2008 the lake was named Shahabuddin Ahmed lake, around which the park was founded in 2020 on a 9.45 acres (3.82 ha) of land. The park was named Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed Park after the former Chief Justice and President of Bangladesh, Shahabuddin Ahmed. The park houses an outdoor gym, basketball court, bookstore, prayer room and a cafe with indoor and outdoor sitting arrangements. The park was a part of the Green Dhaka campaign, in which the main pond was cleaned and various trees were planted; this renovation cost €500,000–2,000,000.

Gulshan Thana
Gulshan (Bengali: গুলশান) is an affluent residential and business neighbourhood, as well as a thana (police jurisdiction) situated in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Originally a rural settlement called Bhola Gram, the area was developed in the early 1960s into an upscale suburban neighbourhood with planned housing and infrastructure. Gulshan underwent a major transformation beginning in the 1990s, evolving into a dense urban zone with high-rise buildings, shopping centres, banks, hotels, private clubs, and diplomatic missions. Today, it is home to a number of the city's restaurants, five-star hotels, shopping centres, schools, banks, offices, and clubs. It also hosts the majority of foreign embassies and high commissions in Bangladesh. Offices of many Bangladeshi and international companies are located in Gulshan.
Triple cream
Triple-cream cheese or fromage triple-crème is cow's-milk cheese which contains more than 75% fat in its dry matter. Triple cream cheeses taste rich and creamy.

Some triple-crèmes are fresh, like mascarpone. Others are soft-ripened, like Brillat-Savarin, Boursault, Blue Castello, Explorateur, and St. André.

Explorateur
The Explorateur (French pronunciation: [ɛksplɔʁatœʁ] ⓘ) is a soft-ripened French triple cream cow's-milk cheese made in the Île-de-France region of France.

Created in the 1950s, it was named to honor the first US Satellite, Explorer.  As a triple creme, the fat content of its dry matter is about 75%.: 215   It has a squat cylindrical shape, and has a smooth, unpressed texture.: 215

Its name is a registered trademark of its manufacturer.
Heritage Farm Museum and Village
Heritage Farm Museum and Village is an open-air living history museum in Huntington, West Virginia that focuses on Appalachian history and culture. Originally conceived as a location to house and display the private collection of A. Michael "Mike" and Henriella Perry, Heritage Farm has expanded into an entire Appalachian Frontier Village that was recently named West Virginia's first Smithsonian-affiliated museum.

Smithsonian Affiliations
Smithsonian Affiliations is a division of the Smithsonian Institution that establishes long-term partnerships with non-Smithsonian museums and educational and cultural organizations in order to share collections, exhibitions and educational strategies and conduct joint research. Partner organizations are known as "Smithsonian Affiliates".
Death Valley Unified School District
Death Valley Unified School District (DVUSD) is a public school district in Inyo County, California. DVUSD is located in eastern Inyo County and borders the state of Nevada. It serves the entire southeast region of Inyo County and covers approximately 6,000 square miles (16,000 km2) of the Mojave Desert. The total population within this region is about 1,000, and DVUSD is the only school district to serve this population. Three communities served by DVUSD (Timbisha Indian Village, Furnace Creek Ranch, and Stovepipe Wells) are located in Death Valley National Park.

DVUSD is the largest school district in California in terms of square miles covered, but one of the smallest in terms of student enrollment. In 2012, the entire district served only 60 students.

The district provides transportation to school for students in remote areas; this can involve a 120-mile (190 km) bus ride each day. In 2012, the district was spending approximately $3,500 per student per year on transportation.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
John Holroyd (civil servant)
John Hepworth Holroyd, CB, CVO, DL (10 April 1935 – 29 November 2014) was an English public servant. Educated at Worcester College, Oxford, he entered the civil service in 1959. After chairing the Civil Service Selection Board (1978–80) and serving in Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and in the Cabinet Office, he was the First Civil Service Commissioner from 1989 to 1993. He was then Secretary for Appointments to the Prime Minister and Ecclesiastical Secretary to the Lord Chancellor from 1993 to 1999. Active in the Church of England, he was a lay reader at St Albans Cathedral from 1975 to 2001, and then Gloucester Cathedral from 2001 until his death.

First Civil Service Commissioner
The First Civil Service Commissioner heads the Civil Service Commission, a statutory body which ensures that appointments to the Civil Service in the United Kingdom are made openly and on merit, and hears appeals from civil servants under the Civil Service Code.

The post was created in 1855 following publication of the Northcote–Trevelyan Report by Charles Trevelyan and Stafford Northcote that advocated the decoupling of appointments of senior civil servants from ministers to insure the impartiality of the Civil Service. Following a report of the Committee on Standards in Public Life, "Defining the Boundaries within the Executive: Ministers, special advisers and the permanent Civil Service" in 2003, the appointment of the First Civil Service Commissioner is made by Government after consultation with the leaders of the main opposition parties. They are then appointed by the King under Royal Prerogative.
Lexical functional grammar
Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is a constraint-based grammar framework in theoretical linguistics. It posits several parallel levels of syntactic structure, including a phrase structure grammar representation of word order and constituency, and a representation of grammatical functions such as subject and object, similar to dependency grammar. The development of the theory was initiated by Joan Bresnan and Ronald Kaplan in the 1970s, in reaction to the theory of transformational grammar which was current in the late 1970s. It mainly focuses on syntax, including its relation with morphology and semantics. There has been little LFG work on phonology (although ideas from optimality theory have recently been popular in LFG research). Some recent work combines LFG with  Distributed Morphology in Lexical-Realizational Functional Grammar.

Joan Bresnan
Joan Wanda Bresnan FBA (born August 22, 1945) is an American linguist and the Sadie Dernham Patek Professor in Humanities Emerita at Stanford University. She is best known as one of the architects (with Ronald Kaplan) of the theoretical framework of lexical functional grammar.
Clonfert Cathedral
Clonfert Cathedral is a cathedral of the Church of Ireland in Clonfert, County Galway in Ireland. Previously the cathedral of the Diocese of Clonfert and then one of three cathedrals in the United Dioceses of Limerick and Killaloe, it is now one of five cathedrals in the Diocese of Tuam, Limerick and Killaloe.

The current building was erected in the 12th century in the Hiberno-Romanesque style The site had an earlier church founded by Saint Brendan in 563, which was associated with a monastery he founded and at which he was buried. The dean of the cathedral is the Very Reverend Roderick Lindsay Smyth who is also Dean of Killaloe, Dean of Kilfenora and both Dean and Provost of Kilmacduagh.

Diocese of Tuam, Limerick and Killaloe
The Diocese of Tuam, Limerick and Killaloe (full title The United Dioceses of Tuam, Killala, Achonry, Limerick, Ardfert, Aghadoe, Killaloe, Kilfenora, Clonfert, Kilmacduagh and Emly) is a diocese of the Church of Ireland that is located in the west of Ireland. The diocese was formed by a merger of the former Diocese of Tuam, Killala and Achonry and the former Diocese of Limerick and Killaloe between late 2021 and early 2022, after the retirement of the separate dioceses' bishops. Michael Burrows was appointed as bishop of the united diocese in early 2022. It is in the ecclesiastical province of Dublin. It is one of the eleven Church of Ireland dioceses that cover the whole of Ireland. The largest diocese by area in the Church of Ireland, it covers all of counties Clare, Galway, Kerry, Limerick and Mayo, plus parts of counties Cork, Sligo, Roscommon, Offaly, Laois and Tipperary.
Moscow Pushkin Drama Theatre
The Moscow Pushkin Drama Theatre is a theatre company in Moscow, Russian Federation created in 1950 on the base of Alexander Tairov's Chamber Theatre, which was founded in 1914 and shut down in 1949 for ideological reasons. The theatre is based in the Russian capital's centre, at Tverskoy Boulevard, 23.

Tverskoy Boulevard
Tverskoy Boulevard (Russian: Тверской бульвар) is one of the main thoroughfares in central Moscow. It is a part of the Boulevard Ring and begins at the end of the Nikitsky Boulevard, at the crossing with Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street. The boulevard ends at the Pushkin Square and Tverskaya Street, one of the busiest places in Moscow. East of Tverskaya Street becomes Strastnoy Boulevard.
Central Village, Liverpool
Central Village was a proposed shopping, leisure, commercial and residential development in Liverpool, England, United Kingdom. The complex was to cover the site of Liverpool Central railway station, and the former Lewis's department store.   Planning permission was granted for the project by Liverpool City Council in May 2009, and final approval was given for construction of the entire complex to commence in February 2010. The project was never completed and the Lewis's building is now being used as offices, a hotel and a gym.

Liverpool Central railway station
Liverpool Central railway station in Liverpool, Merseyside, England, forms a central hub of the Merseyrail network, being on both the Northern Line and the Wirral Line. The station is located underground on two levels, below the site of a former main line terminus.

It is the busiest station in the city, although considerably smaller than Liverpool Lime Street, the main line terminus, and the busiest station to operate solely on the Merseyrail network. It is the busiest underground station outside London, serving 40,000 people daily. The station in passengers per platform is the busiest underground railway station in the United Kingdom outside of London; at 3,979,547 passengers per platform per annum, it is tenth out of all stations outside the capital, underground or overground. The main concourse is part of a shopping centre and includes a closed subway link to the former Lewis's department store.
New Review of Film and Television Studies
New Review of Film and Television Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research in the humanities that makes a contribution to film and television studies. It was established in 2003 and is published by Routledge. The editor-in-chief is Maria San Filippo (Emerson College). The journal was established by Warren Buckland (Oxford Brookes University) who served as editor until 2015. Kyle Stevens (Appalachian State University) was editor from 2016 through 2019.

Television studies
Television studies is an academic discipline that deals with critical approaches to television. Usually, it is distinguished from mass communication research, which tends to approach the topic from a social sciences perspective. Defining the field is problematic; some institutions and syllabuses do not distinguish it from media studies or classify it as a subfield of popular culture studies.

One form of television studies is roughly equivalent to the longer-standing discipline of film studies in that it is often concerned with textual analysis yet other approaches center more on the social functions of television. For example, analyses of quality television, such as Cathy Come Home and Twin Peaks, have attracted the interests of researchers for their cinematic qualities. However, television studies can also incorporate the study of television viewing and how audiences make meaning from texts, which is commonly known as audience theory or reception theory.
Killing of Jocques Clemmons
Jocques Clemmons, a 31-year-old, was fatally shot on February 10, 2017, in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, after a traffic stop where Clemmons pulled out a gun, leading to a confrontation with Joshua Lippert, a 32-year-old police officer. After an investigation, the Davidson County District Attorney declined to prosecute Lippert on any charges, a decision that was protested by several groups. After reviews at several levels of the Nashville Police and Tennessee Bureau of Investigation's work and reports, the U.S. Department of Justice closed the case in August 2017.

Metropolitan Nashville Police Department
The Metropolitan Nashville Police Department, commonly known in the area as Metro Police, is the primary provider of law enforcement services for Metropolitan Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee. The MNPD covers a total area of 526.1 square miles (1,363 km2) that encompasses everything from high density urban locations to rural areas.