hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pallar
The Pallar, also called Mallar, are an agricultural community from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. The Pallars traditionally inhabited the fertile wetland area referred to as Marutham in the literary devices of the Sangam landscape. Today, they are the dominant Dalit community of southern Tamil Nadu and have developed a reputation for being assertive about their rights. Due to the demand of the Pallar community to classify them under a more dignified generic name Devendrakula Velalar, recently they together with six other related castes have been given the name Devendrakula Velalar; however their original caste name remains valid and they are still part of the Scheduled Caste list.

1957 Ramnad riots
The Ramnad riots or the Mudukulathur riots were a series of violent clashes that occurred between July and September 1957 in the Ramnad district and in southern Tamil Nadu, India. The violence was between Maravars, Kudumbars, supporting the Forward Bloc, and pro-Congress , Kudumbars Pallars, and was triggered by a by-election held in the aftermath of the Madras Legislative Assembly elections of earlier that year. 42 Dalits were killed during the riots.
Great Drain
The Great Drain is a heritage-listed former farm and cottage  located on the Wisemans Ferry Road in the outer Sydney suburb of South Maroota, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1795 to 1820 by probably by William Barren and William Harvey, stonemasons. The property is owned by The Hills Shire Council and was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 14 July 2000, where it is alternatively known as the Great Drain and two house sites. It now functions as a reserve including a motorcycle track and overnight accommodation.

Access to the heritage site is from 274 Pacific Park Rd, South Maroota which, in 2019, was the site of Pacific Park Water Ski Gardens & Motorcycle Park.

South Maroota, New South Wales
South Maroota is a suburb in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 72 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of The Hills Shire. The Hawkesbury River forms part of its western boundary.
Hadmar III of Kuenring
Hadmar III of Kuenring (c. 1180–1231) was a medieval Austrian ministerialis from the house of Kuenring and son of the famous Hadmar II of Kuenring, who imprisoned King Richard the Lionheart at Dürnstein castle. He was famously called the 'Hound of Kuenring', alongside his brother, Henry III of Kuenring, for their martial prowess.

He, along with his brother, Henry III, took part in the Fifth Crusade with Leopold VI, Duke of Austria.

Hadmar II of Kuenring
Hadmar II of Kuenring (c. 1140 – 22 July 1217) was an Austrian ministerialis of the Kuenring family and son of Albero III of Kuenring. In 1192 he held captive Richard the Lionheart, King of England, at Dürnstein Castle.

Hadmar II also erected from 1201 to 1208 the city of Weitra. Because of the creation of this city, they are sometimes referred to in documents as "Lords of Kuenring-Weitra".

Hadmar is mentioned in the Stifterbuch (Liber fundatorum; the cartulary of Zwettl Abbey) as second founder (secundus fundator) of the monastery.

Hadmar's sister Gisela (d. after 1192) was married to Leutwin of Sunnberg.
Kathryn Gustafson
Kathryn Gustafson FRIBA RDI (born 1951) is an American landscape architect. Her work includes the Gardens of the Imagination in Terrasson, France; a city square in Évry, France; and the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain in Hyde Park, London. She has won awards and prizes including the Millennium Garden Design Competition. She is known for her ability to create sculptural forms, using earth, grass, stone and water.

Gardens of the Imagination
The Gardens of the Imagination (French: Jardins de l'Imaginaire) in Terrasson-Lavilledieu, in the Dordogne Department of France, is a public park and contemporary garden, classified by the Committee of Parks and Gardens of the Ministry of Culture as one of the Notable Gardens of France.

Designed in 1996 by landscape architect Kathryn Gustafson and Ian Ritchie (architect), it uses thirteen tableaux to present the myths and legends of the history of gardens;  the axis of winds; perspectives; elementary gardens; the sacred wood; the tunnel of vegetation; the theater of greenery; the water garden; the terraces of moss; the topiary garden; the rose garden; the iris garden; fountains, cascade, and basins. It uses simple natural elements; trees, flowers, water and  stone to suggest the passage of mankind from nature to agriculture to the city.
Tums
Tums (stylized as TUMS) is a brand of antacid made of sucrose (table sugar) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) manufactured by Haleon in St. Louis, Missouri, US. They are also available in a sugar-free version. It is an over-the-counter drug, available at many retail stores, including drug stores, grocery stores and mass merchandisers. It provides relief from heartburn and indigestion ("sour stomach").

Haleon
Haleon plc is a British multinational consumer healthcare company with headquarters in Weybridge, England. It is one of the largest consumer healthcare businesses in the world, with brands including Sensodyne toothpaste, Panadol and Advil painkillers, and Centrum vitamins. The company was projected to be a global leader in over the counter medicines with a 7.3 per cent market share in 2022.

Haleon was established on 18 July 2022 as a corporate spin-off from GSK. Haleon is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a component of the FTSE 100, with a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.
1974 Swedish Grand Prix
The 1974 Swedish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Scandinavian Raceway in Anderstorp on 9 June 1974. It was race 7 of 15 in both the 1974 World Championship of Drivers and the 1974 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.

The race was dominated by the two Tyrrell-Cosworth 007s of Jody Scheckter and Patrick Depailler. Depailler took pole position, however Scheckter beat him by 0.380 sec in the race, to score his first Grand Prix win.

Leo Kinnunen
Leo Juhani "Leksa" Kinnunen (5 August 1943 – 26 July 2017) was a Finnish racing driver, and the first Formula One driver from Finland.

Kinnunen won the Nordic Challenge Cup in 1969, the Interserie from 1971–1973, and helped Porsche to take the World Sportscar Championship for manufacturers in 1970 (drivers championships were not awarded until 1981). In 1974, he switched to Formula One, but in addition to the problems with the underpowered Surtees TS16, his team soon ran into financial problems. He was the last driver to compete in Formula One using an open-face helmet.
Queensland cricket team
The Queensland men's cricket team (also known as the Queensland Bulls) are an Australian men's professional cricket team based in Queensland. The team competes in Sheffield Shield, the highest level of Australia domestic first class cricket, since the 1926–27 season, as well as the One-Day Cup, the highest level of Australian domestic one-day, since its inception in 1969–70. They also competed in the now defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash.

Stuart Law
Stuart Grant Law OAM (born 18 October 1968) is an Australian-born cricket coach and former cricketer. He is the current head coach of Nepal National Cricket Team. He was a part of the Australian squad which finished as runners-up at the 1996 Cricket World Cup.

He played one Test and 54 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for Australia. Law also captained Queensland to five Sheffield Shield titles and two one day trophies, making him the most successful captain in Australian domestic cricket; he is also Queensland's all-time leading run scorer in first-class cricket.

He is also a cricket coach, who has coached Sri Lanka (2011), Bangladesh (2011–2012), West Indies (2018–2019), Middlesex (2019–2021) and Nepal (2025–present)
Len Jordan (rugby league)
Leonard Roy Jordan (24 January 1920 – 6 November 2014) was a New Zealand rugby league footballer. A centre, Jordan represented Auckland at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national team from 1946 to 1949. He played 29 matches for the Kiwis, including seven test matches. In the 1970s, his son Chris also played international league for New Zealand.

He was a Northcote Tigers junior.

Northcote Tigers
The Northcote Tigers are a rugby league club based in Northcote, New Zealand. The club was founded in 1910 as the Northcote Warriors though they became known as the Northcote Ramblers shortly afterwards.

The Tigers compete in the Fox Memorial competition run by the Auckland Rugby League. Between 2000 and 2002 the Northcote Tigers competed in the national Bartercard Cup before being replaced by the North Harbour Tigers for three seasons. In 1994–1996 the North Harbour Sea Eagles in the Lion Red Cup were also based at the Birkenhead War Memorial. 1 1
Ewen Jones
Ewen Thomas Jones (7 March 1960 – 13 July 2023) was an Australian politician representing the division of Herbert for the Liberal National Party from the 2010 federal election until the 2016 federal election.

Jones won the division of Herbert in 2010, achieving a 2.05% swing against the Labor candidate, former mayor of Townsville, Tony Mooney. Jones was a longtime resident of Townsville, Queensland. He was Liberal Whip from 12 October 2015 until 9 May 2016.

On 18 July 2016, at the conclusion of vote counting for the 2016 election, Labor's Cathy O'Toole appeared to have defeated Jones by eight votes, triggering an automatic recount. The recount and subsequent distribution of preferences gave O'Toole a margin of 37 votes. It represented the first time that Labor had won Herbert since the 1993 federal election.

Jones died of cancer on 13 July 2023, at the age of 63.

Division of Herbert
The Division of Herbert is an Australian electoral division in the state of Queensland. Eligible voters within the Division elect a single representative, known as the member for Herbert, to the Australian House of Representatives. It covers the city of Townsville. The current MP is Phillip Thompson of the Liberal Party.
Emory Melton
Emory Melton (June 20, 1923 – December 26, 2015) was an American politician who served in the Missouri State Senate. He was born in McDowell, Missouri and attended Southwest Missouri State University and the University of Missouri in Columbia, studying law. He served in the Missouri State Senate for the 29th district 1972 to 1996. He was a member of the Republican party. Melton died on December 26, 2015, at his home in Cassville, Missouri.

Cassville, Missouri
Cassville is a city in Flat Creek Township, Barry County, Missouri, United States, that is the county seat of Barry County. According to the 2020 census, the population of Cassville was 3,186. Cassville is one of the primary markets and job centers for an estimated 14,000 people living in the surrounding area.
West Launceston
West Launceston is a residential locality in the local government area (LGA) of Launceston in the Launceston LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south-west of the town of Launceston. The 2016 census recorded a population of 4212 for the state suburb of West Launceston.
The suburb is part of the Launceston CBD and is also near Cataract Gorge.

About 2% of the population are Indigenous and 18% are foreign born. Approximately 7% of employees work in hospitals, with restaurants and education also being significant employers.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
One New York Night
One New York Night (also released as The Trunk Mystery) is a 1935 American comedy film directed by Jack Conway and written by Frank Davis. The film stars Franchot Tone, Una Merkel, Conrad Nagel, Harvey Stephens, Steffi Duna and Charles Starrett. The film was released on March 3, 1935, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was based on the West End play Sorry You've Been Troubled by Walter Hackett, which had previously been made into the 1932 British film Life Goes On.

Jack Conway (filmmaker)
Hugh Ryan "Jack" Conway (July 17, 1886 – October 11, 1952) was an American film director and film producer, as well as an actor of many films in the first half of the 20th century.

Conway and director Edmund Goulding share the distinction of directing the most Best Picture-nominated films without ever being nominated for Best Director, with three apiece. Conway's nominated films were Viva Villa!, A Tale of Two Cities, and Libeled Lady.

Conway was one of a team of MGM contract directors, who forsook any pretense to a specific individual style in favor of working within the strictures set forth by studio management. A thoroughly competent craftsman, he delivered commercially successful entertainment, on time, and within budget.
Giorgio Doria Pamphilj Landi
Giorgio Doria Pamphilj Landi (17 November 1772 – 16 November 1837) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

He was born in Rome, Italy to the prominent Genoese family of Doria-Pamphili-Landi. He was distantly related to Pope Innocent X (1574-1655). Giorgio had two uncles, Antonio Maria and Giuseppe Maria, and one grand-uncle, also named Giorgio (1708-1759), who also served as cardinals.

The Younger Giorgio was first ordained a priest on 17 November 1804. He was elevated by Pope Pope Pius VII to be a Cardinal In pectore on 8 March 1816, and not elevated to the position until 22 July 1816. He was appointed Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites in 1771. He participated in the conclave of 1823, 1829, and 1830–1831.

Sacred Congregation of Rites
The Sacred Congregation of Rites was a congregation of the Roman Curia, erected on 22 January 1588 by Pope Sixtus V by Immensa Aeterni Dei; it was divided into two separate congregations by Pope Paul VI on 8 May 1969.

The Congregation was charged with the supervision of the liturgy and the process of canonization of saints.

As part of the reforms following the Second Vatican Council, Pope Paul VI's 1969 apostolic constitution Sacra Rituum Congregatio divided the congregation into: the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, and the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments.
Sheet bend
The sheet bend (also known as weaver's knot and weaver's hitch) is a bend knot. It is practical for joining lines of different diameter or rigidity.

It is quick and easy to tie, and is considered so essential it is the first knot given in the Ashley Book of Knots. Additionally, it is one of the six knots given in the International Guild of Knot Tyers' Six Knot Challenge, along with the clove hitch, bowline, reef knot (square knot), round turn and two half-hitches, and sheepshank.

The sheet bend is related in structure to the bowline; like the bowline, it has a tendency to work loose when not under load. For increased security, it is sometimes recommended that one add another turn in the smaller end, making a double sheet bend; in most cases, however, a single sheet bend should suffice. The becket hitch is another structurally similar knot.

As a bend, its advantages lie in its simplicity and non-jamming properties.

It is commonly taught in Scouting.

Becket hitch
A becket hitch, including the double becket or figure-of-eight becket hitch, is any hitch that is made on an eye loop, i.e. on a becket. A becket hitch has the same structure as the sheet bend, which joins, or "bends", the ends of two ropes together.   The becket hitch, in contrast, fixes a rope to a closed eye or hook.  In this instance, a becket means the eye or hook of a pulley block, an eye in the end of a rope, or a rope handle on a sailor's sea chest.
Fresh FM (Petroc)
Fresh FM (formerly Acorn FM) is a student-run radio station based at the Barnstaple campus of Petroc, a further education college in North Devon, England. It broadcasts on 87.7 MHz FM across the college campus between the hours of 8:30 and 18:30 on college days. The station has a long term Restricted Service Licence granted by Ofcom.

The station is  presented and run by college students, with a small base of student presenters and a handful of executive committee members, appointed by the Station Manager, who oversee, manage and make any crucial decisions regarding the station. It comprises a Station Manager, a Head of Music, a Programme Controller, and a Head of Events, and is often assisted by an allocated staff member.

Barnstaple
Barnstaple (/ˈbɑːrnstəbəl/ ⓘ or /ˈbɑːrnstəpəl/) is a town and civil parish in the North Devon district of Devon, England. The town lies at the River Taw's lowest crossing point before the Bristol Channel. From the 14th century, it was licensed to export wool from which it earned great wealth. Later it imported Irish wool, but its harbour silted up and other trades developed such as shipbuilding, foundries and sawmills. A Victorian market building survives, with a high glass and timber roof on iron columns.
Guard rail
Guard rails, guardrails, railings or protective guarding, in general, are a boundary feature and may be a means to prevent or deter access to dangerous or off-limits areas while allowing light and visibility in a greater way than a fence.  Common shapes are flat, rounded edge, and tubular in horizontal railings, whereas tetraform spear-headed or ball-finialed are most common in vertical railings around homes. Inside the home, at the edge of stairs or balconies, they are called balustrades, especially when of a more elaborate design.  Park and garden railings commonly in metalworking feature swirls, leaves, plate metal areas and/or motifs particularly on and beside gates.

High-security railings (particularly if in flat metal then a type of palisade) may instead feature jagged points and most metals are well-suited to anti-climb paint.

A handrail is less restrictive on its own than a guard rail and provides support.

Palisade
A palisade, sometimes called a stakewall or a paling, is typically a row of closely placed, high vertical standing tree trunks or wooden or iron  stakes used as a fence for enclosure or as a defensive wall. Palisades can form a stockade.
Rutgers School of Public Health
The Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH) is part of Rutgers Health. Prior to July 1, 2013, it was affiliated with the now-defunct University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. The School of Public Health educates students to become leaders in public health, researchers, and promoters of population and individual health.

As of the mid‑2020s, the School of Public Health enrolls over 600 students across its graduate and certificate programs and includes four academic departments: Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Health Behavior, Society and Policy, and Urban‑Global Public Health. The school is ranked among the top 25 schools and programs of public health in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) was a state-run health sciences institution with six locations in New Jersey.

It was founded as the Seton Hall College of Medicine and Dentistry in 1954, and by the 1980s was both a major school of health sciences, and a major research university. On July 1, 2013, it was dissolved, with most of its schools merging with Rutgers University to form a new Rutgers School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, while the School of Osteopathic Medicine, including its Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, became part of Rowan University and was renamed the Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine.
Akshay Girish Kumar
Major Akshay (Girish) (6 December 1985 – 29 November 2016) was a third generation military officer of the Indian Army. He was killed in action during the 2016 Nagrota army base attack while saving trapped hostages including women and children from Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorists. He comes from a family of war veterans including his grandfather Lieutenant colonel AK Moorthy(retired), father Wing Commander Girish Kumar(retired) and his maternal uncle Wing Commander K Harisenani(retired).

2016 Nagrota army base attack
The Indian Army base in Nagrota, in Jammu and Kashmir was attacked on 29 November 2016 by a group of  militants.

During the ensuing gun battle, seven Indian soldiers, including two officers and all three militants were killed.
Amineh Pakravan
Amineh Pakravan (Persian: امینه پاکروان, June 1, 1893 in Paris – June 17, 1958 in Tehran) was an Iranian historian, writer and university professor, the wife of Fathollah Pakravan, a Qajar and Pahlavi diplomat and the mother of Major General Hassan Pakravan, the second commander of SAVAK.

Hassan Pakravan
Hassan Pakravan (4 August 1911 – 11 April 1979) was a well-known diplomat and minister in the Pahlavi pre-revolutionary government of Iran. He is not only notable for his political involvement with the Mohammad Reza Pahlavi government and SAVAK, but also his relationship with Ruhollah Khomeini.
Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.

Lexical analysis
Lexical tokenization is conversion of a text into (semantically or syntactically) meaningful lexical tokens belonging to categories defined by a "lexer" program. In case of a natural language, those categories include nouns, verbs, adjectives, punctuations etc. In case of a programming language, the categories include identifiers, operators, grouping symbols, data types and language keywords. Lexical tokenization is related to the type of tokenization used in large language models (LLMs) but with two differences. First, lexical tokenization is usually based on a lexical grammar, whereas LLM tokenizers are usually probability-based. Second, LLM tokenizers perform a second step that converts the tokens into numerical values.
Masayuki Iwamoto
Masayuki Iwamoto (岩本 雅之, Iwamoto Masayuki; born 1954) is a Japanese astronomer from Awa in the Tokushima Prefecture. The Minor Planet Center credits him with the co-discovery of 6 asteroids made together with Japanese astronomer Toshimasa Furuta at the Tokushima-Kainan Astronomical Observatory (872) in 1988 and 1989. He also received the Edgar Wilson Award in 2013 for the discovery of comet C/2013 E2, in 2019 for the discovery of the comets C/2018 V1 and C/2018 Y1, and in 2020 for the discovery of C/2020 A2.

The inner main-belt asteroid 4951 Iwamoto, discovered by astronomers Yoshikane Mizuno and Toshimasa Furuta, was named in his honor on 5 March 1996 (M.P.C. 26763).

Edgar Wilson Award
The Edgar Wilson Award is an annual international award established in 1998 consisting of a monetary award and a plaque allocated annually to amateur comet discoverers. It is administered by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) through the IAU's Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT).
Mariam Hasan
Mariam Hasan (Urdu: مریم حسن شاہ) (born 19 September 1985) is a Pakistani cricketer who played as a right-arm medium-fast bowler and right-handed batter. She appeared in 3 One Day Internationals and 5 Twenty20 Internationals for Pakistan from 2010 to 2012. She played domestic cricket for Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited and Omar Associates.

Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited women's cricket team
The Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited women's cricket team is a Pakistani women's cricket team, sponsored by the Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited. They competed in the National Women's Cricket Championship, the Women's Cricket Challenge Trophy and the Departmental T20 Women's Championship between 2009–10 and 2018–19. They were the most successful side in all three competitions, winning every tournament they competed in, with 14 titles overall.