hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proctocolectomy
Proctocolectomy is the surgical removal of the entire colon and rectum from the human body, leaving the patients small intestine disconnected from their anus. It is a major surgery that is performed by colorectal surgeons, however some portions of the surgery, specifically the colectomy (removal of the colon) may be performed by general surgeons. It was first performed in 1978 and since that time, medical advancements have led to the surgery being less invasive with great improvements in patient outcomes. The procedure is most commonly indicated for severe forms of inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It is also the treatment of choice for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types. Crohn's disease affects the small intestine and large intestine, as well as the mouth, esophagus, stomach and the anus, whereas UC primarily affects the colon and the rectum.
Leo II (emperor)
Leo II (Ancient Greek: Λέων, Leōn; c. 467 – 474), called the Younger, briefly reigned as a child emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire from 473 to 474. He was the son of Zeno, the Isaurian general and future emperor, and Ariadne, a daughter of the emperor Leo I (r. 457–474). Leo II was made co-emperor with his grandfather Leo I on 17 November 473, and became sole emperor on 18 January 474 after Leo I died of dysentery. His father Zeno was made co-emperor by the Byzantine Senate on 29 January, and they co-ruled for a short time before Leo II died in late 474. He is sometimes surnamed with the epithet "the Small" (Latin: Minor; Ancient Greek: ὁ Μικρός), probably to distinguish him from his grandfather and augustus Leo I (Ancient Greek: ὁ Μέγας, romanized: ho Mégas, lit. 'the Great').

Caesar (title)
Caesar is a title of imperial character. It derives from the cognomen of Julius Caesar. The change from being a surname to a title used by the Roman emperors can be traced to AD 68, following the fall of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. When used on its own, the title denoted heirs apparent, who would later adopt the title Augustus on accession. The title remained an essential part of the style of the emperors, and became the word for "emperor" in some languages, such as German (Kaiser) and Slavic (Tsar).
Formulary of Marculf
The Formulary of Marculf is the longest and best preserved formulary (collection of model documents) from the Merovingian kingdoms. Written in Latin, it contains 92 models divided between two books, the first dealing with royal and the second with private charters. It was compiled in the second half of the seventh century by a monk named Marculf, then over seventy years of age, for a bishop named Landeric. Owing to its fine organization, possession of a preface and good manuscript transmission, it has often been treated as a literary work, quite unlike other formularies.

Formulary (model document)
Formularies (singular formulary; Latin littera(e) formularis, -ares) are medieval collections of models for the execution of documents (acta), public or private; a space being left for the insertion of names, dates, and circumstances peculiar to each case. Their modern equivalent are forms.
Thomas Rodd
Thomas Rodd (1763–1822) was an English bookseller, antiquarian and Hispanist; Rodd purchased some Greek manuscripts for the British Museum (e.g. codices: Minuscule 272, Minuscule 498).

He translated some old ballads into English: Ancient Ballads from the Civil Wars of Granada and the Twelve Peers of France (London, 1801). He also translated part 1 of a Spanish historical novel by Gines Perez de Hita as The Civil Wars of Granada (London, 1803). Then he published an adaptation of the Historia Caroli Magni: History of Charles the Great and Orlando, ascribed to Archbishop Turpin; translated from the Latin in Spanheim’s Lives of ecclesiastical writers: together with English metrical versions of the most celebrated ancient Spanish ballads relating to the twelve peers of France mentioned in Don Quixote (London: Printed for T. Rodd and T. Boosey, 1812); Rodd translated Damián López de Tortajada, Los doce pares de Francia (Twelve Peers of France).

Minuscule 272
Minuscule 272 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1182 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. 
It has marginalia.
Albert Johnson Walker
Albert Johnson Walker (born 1946), also known as The Rolex Killer, is a Canadian criminal serving a prison term for embezzlement and murder. He is known for murdering an Englishman whose identity he had been assuming, and for posing for years as though his own daughter was his wife.

Real Crime
Real Crime is a British documentary television series produced by ITV Studios for the ITV network. Each episode examines a notorious crime and includes interviews with relatives of the victims. It was broadcast from 2001 to 2011, and ended after ten series. From 2008 until 2011, each episode was presented by Mark Austin and from 2010 was listed as Real Crime with Mark Austin.
Other Men's Wives (play)
Other Men's Wives is a 1928 comedy play by the British-American writer Walter Hackett set in a French hotel.

After premiering at the Theatre Royal in Brighton it transferred to the West End where it ran for 143 performances between 9 April and 11 August 1928, initially at Wyndham's Theatre before moving to the St Martin's Theatre. The original London cast included Fay Compton, Leslie Banks, Dino Galvani, Bruce Belfrage and Marion Lorne. The following year it appeared at the Times Square Theatre on Broadway, running for twenty three performances.

Marion Lorne
Marion Lorne MacDougal or MacDougall (August 12, 1883 – May 9, 1968), known professionally as Marion Lorne, was an American actress on stage, film, and television. After a career in theatre in New York and London, Lorne made her first film in 1951, and for the remainder of her life played small roles in films and television. Her recurring role as Aunt Clara in the comedy series Bewitched, between 1964 and her death in 1968, brought her widespread recognition, and she was posthumously awarded an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.
Mick Poole (footballer)
Michael David Poole (born 23 April 1955) is an English retired football goalkeeper who played professionally in The Football League, North American Soccer League and Major Indoor Soccer League.

Poole began his career with Rochdale A.F.C.  In 1974, the team sent the nineteen-year-old Poole on loan with the Denver Dynamos of the North American Soccer League. In 1977, they Rochdale loaned him to the Portland Timbers of the NASL before selling him to the Timbers in 1978. Poole played for the Timbers from 1978 to 1980. In the fall of 1979, he joined the Houston Summit of the Major Indoor Soccer League. In 1980, the NASL ran an indoor season and Poole began the indoor season with the Timbers before moving to the Baltimore Blast of the MISL for the end of the season. He returned to Rochdale in 1981.

Portland Timbers (1975–1982)
The Portland Timbers were an American soccer team that competed in the North American Soccer League (NASL) from 1975 to 1982.  The team was based in Portland, Oregon and played their home games at Civic Stadium for outdoor matches and the Memorial Coliseum for indoor games. The nickname "Soccer City, USA" to refer to Portland was coined during the team's first season.   The team folded at the conclusion of the 1982 North American Soccer League season.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy
A pancreaticoduodenectomy, also known as a Whipple procedure, is a major surgical operation most often performed to remove cancerous tumours from the head of the pancreas. It is also used for the treatment of pancreatic or duodenal trauma, or chronic pancreatitis. Due to the shared blood supply of organs in the proximal gastrointestinal system, surgical removal of the head of the pancreas also necessitates removal of the duodenum, proximal jejunum, gallbladder, and, occasionally, part of the stomach.

Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing inflammation of the pancreas that alters the organ's normal structure and functions. It can present as episodes of acute inflammation in a previously injured pancreas, or as chronic damage with persistent pain or malabsorption. It is a disease process characterized by irreversible damage to the pancreas as distinct from reversible changes in acute pancreatitis. Tobacco smoke and alcohol misuse are two of the most frequently implicated causes, and the two risk factors are thought to have a synergistic effect with regard to the development of chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis is a risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer.
The History and Fall of Caius Marius
The History and Fall of Caius Marius is a tragedy written by English writer Thomas Otway. The play was first performed in 1679 and is indebted to William Shakespeare's tragedy, Romeo and Juliet. It is set during the Roman civil wars of Gaius Marius and his rival Sulla.

It was originally staged by the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre in London. The cast included Thomas Betterton as Caius Marius, Joseph Williams as Sylla, William Smith as Marius Junior, Thomas Percival as Granius, Thomas Gillow as Metellus, Thomas Jevon as Cinna, Cave Underhill as  Sulpitius, James Nokes as Nurse and Elizabeth Barry as Lavinia. The published version was dedicated to the politician Lord Falkland.

It was first printed in 1680.

Thomas Percival (actor)
Thomas Percival or Percivall was an English stage actor of the seventeenth century. He was a member of the Duke's Company from 1671 to 1682 and then the merged United Company until 1686. Throughout his career he was confined to playing supporting roles, never graduating to major parts. He was the father of the actress Susanna Verbruggen. In 1693, following his retirement from the stage, he was arrested for coin clipping, a capital crime, for which he was sentenced to hang at Tyburn. The intercession of his daughter with Mary II saw his sentence commuted to transportation, but before he reached Portsmouth he died of natural causes.
Real Academia de Medicina y Cirugía de Sevilla
The Real Academia de Medicina y Cirugía de Sevilla (The Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Seville) (RAMSE) was founded in 1693 as the Veneranda Tertulia Médica Hispalense (Venerable Spanish Medical Assembly) by Sevillian physician Juan Muñoz y Peralta and Murcian physician Diego Mateo Zapata.

Juan Muñoz y Peralta
Juan Muñoz y Peralta (1695–1746) was a Spanish physician from Seville who in 1693 founded the Real Academia de Medicina y Cirugía de Sevilla (The Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Seville) and attended King Philip V.

In 1724, he and Diego Mateo Zapata were both denounced to the Spanish Inquisition as judaisers.
Khon Kaen railway station
Khon Kaen railway station is a railway station located in Nai Mueang Subdistrict, Khon Kaen City, Khon Kaen. It is a class 1 railway station located 449.752 km (279.5 mi) from Bangkok railway station. The station opened on April 1, 1933, as part of the Northeastern Line Nakhon Ratchasima–Khon Kaen section. On June 24, 1941, the line extended to Udon Thani. The station was rebuilt as the first elevated station of Northeastern region in 2019, with the Thanon Chira Junction–Khon Kaen double-track railway project.

Udon Thani railway station
Udon Thani railway station is a railway station located in Mak Khaeng Sub-district, Mueang Udon Thani district, Udon Thani province. It is a class 1 railway station located 568.843 km (353.5 mi) from Bangkok railway station. It is the main railway station of Udon Thai province.
Frazer Corners, Wisconsin
Frazer Corners is an unincorporated community in Shawano County, Wisconsin, United States. Frazer Corners is partly located in the towns of Angelica, Hartland, Lessor, and Maple Grove. It is located 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Pulaski at the junction of county highways F and S. The community was named for George H. Frazer, an early settler and the first chairman of the town of Lessor, Wisconsin. A post office was established in Frazer Corners in December 1881 with Peter E. Blitchfeldt as the first postmaster.

Shawano County, Wisconsin
Shawano County (/ˈʃɔːnoʊ/ ⓘ SHAW-noh; originally Shawanaw County) is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,881. Its county seat is Shawano.

Shawano County is included in the Shawano, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Green Bay–Shawano, WI Combined Statistical Area.
VR-54
Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 54 (VR-54), nicknamed "The Revelers", is a heavy-transport, logistics support squadron of the United States Navy.  It is a Navy Unique Fleet Essential Aircraft (NUFEA) squadron based at NAS/JRB New Orleans, Louisiana and is a sub-command of Commander, Fleet Logistics Support Wing and Commander, Naval Air Reserve Force.  VR-54 is a Naval Reserve unit composed of both Training & Administration of the Reserve (TAR formally known as Full-time Support or FTS) and Selected Reserve (SELRES) Sailors. The squadron currently flies the Lockheed C-130T Hercules.

The squadron colors are Purple, Green and Gold which are also the official colors of Mardi Gras derived from the yearly celebration most associated with the squadrons host city of New Orleans.

Fleet Logistics Support Wing
The Fleet Logistics Support Wing (abbreviated as FLSW, also referred to as Commander, Fleet Logistics Support Wing, CFLSW) is a reserve aircraft wing of the United States Navy, stationed at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, Texas. The wing contains 100 percent of the Navy's intra-theater airlift capability, having no active-duty counterpart. The wing is subordinate to the Commander, Naval Air Force Reserve at Naval Air Station North Island, California.
Louis Amable Crapelet
Louis Amable Crapelet, a French water-colour painter, born at Auxerre in 1822, studied under Corot, Durand-Brager, and Séchan. He went to Egypt in 1852, and ascended the Nile as far as the third cataract, returning to France in 1854. Many of his drawings were the result of this expedition. He died at Marseilles in 1867.

Auxerre
Auxerre (/oʊˈsɛər/ oh-SAIR, French: [osɛʁ] ⓘ, Burgundian: Auchoirre) is the capital (prefecture) of the Yonne department and the fourth-largest city in the Burgundy historical region southeast of Paris. Auxerre's population today is about 35,000; the urban area (aire d'attraction) comprises roughly 111,000 inhabitants. Residents of Auxerre are referred to as Auxerrois.

Auxerre is a commercial and industrial centre, with industries including food production, woodworking and batteries.  Nearby areas are also noted for the production of Burgundy wine, including Chablis. In 1995 Auxerre was named a "Town of Art and History".
Spring Prairie, Wisconsin
Spring Prairie is a town in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,123 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated communities of Spring Prairie and Voree are located in the town. The unincorporated communities of Honey Creek and Honey Lake are also located partially in the town.

Walworth County, Wisconsin
Walworth County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 106,478. Its county seat is Elkhorn. The county was created in 1836 from Wisconsin Territory and organized in 1839. It is named for Reuben H. Walworth. Walworth County comprises the Whitewater-Elkhorn, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI Combined Statistical Area. The University of Wisconsin-Whitewater is located in Walworth County.

Walworth County features several major tourist destinations: Lake Geneva, Alpine Valley Resort, and Alpine Valley Music Theatre. Tourism is a large contributor to Walworth County's economy. It is Wisconsin's fifteenth largest county in population, but it is the sixth largest in terms of economic impact from tourism (nearly $1 billion in 2023).
Furoshiki
Furoshiki (風呂敷) are traditional Japanese wrapping cloths traditionally used to wrap and/or transport goods. Consideration is placed on the aesthetics of furoshiki, which may feature hemmed edges, thicker and more expensive materials, and hand-painted designs; however, furoshiki are much less formal than fukusa, and are not generally used to present formal gifts.

While they come in a variety of sizes, they are typically almost square: the height is slightly greater than the width.

Traditional materials include silk or cotton, but modern furoshiki are available in synthetic materials like rayon, nylon, or polyester.

Gift wrapping
Gift wrapping is the act of enclosing a gift in some sort of material. Wrapping paper is a kind of paper designed for gift wrapping. An alternative to gift wrapping is using a gift box or bag. A wrapped or boxed gift may be held closed with ribbon and topped with a decorative bow (an ornamental knot made of ribbon).
The Dark Wind (1991 film)
The Dark Wind is a 1991 American mystery drama film based on The Dark Wind by Tony Hillerman, one of a series of mysteries set against contemporary Navajo life in the Southwest. Directed by documentary filmmaker Errol Morris in his fiction debut, it stars Lou Diamond Phillips as Jim Chee and Fred Ward as Joe Leaphorn.

Robert Redford acted as executive producer, hoping for a series of films, but was ultimately unhappy with the result, which he called "a false start", "miscast" and "ill-conceived", and it was not distributed. However, Redford would persist in his efforts to adapt Hillerman's books, acting as executive producer on the film Skinwalkers in 2002, and on the television series Dark Winds (2022–present), which would be his final work.

The Dark Wind
The Dark Wind is a crime novel by American writer Tony Hillerman, the fifth in the Joe Leaphorn/Jim Chee Navajo Tribal Police series, published in 1982. It is the second of the novels to feature Officer Jim Chee.

Now working from Tuba City, Sgt. Chee is assigned four cases by Capt. Largo. A drug-smuggling plane crashes, and Largo insists Chee stay away from that case, a tough challenge as he gathers information from Hopis, European Americans, and Navajos to solve the original cases.

Reviewers found this to have a "classic Hillerman plot", involving a plane crash, possibly illegal drugs, and a vandalized windmill on the Joint-Use lands. It is "relentlessly introspective" and "with Hillerman's moodily fine prose in full Southwest regalia", as the Hopi and the Navajo ways are contrasted, and Chee explores a white man's motivation, of revenge.
Kitty Pryde and Wolverine
Kitty Pryde and Wolverine is a six-issue comic book limited series  written by Chris Claremont and illustrated by Al Milgrom, and published by Marvel Comics between November 1984 and April 1985.

A spin-off of the series Uncanny X-Men, it chronicles a Japanese adventure of two of the most popular X-Men of the time, Kitty Pryde and Wolverine.

Al Milgrom
Allen L. Milgrom (born March 6, 1950) is an American comic book artist (penciller and inker), writer, and editor, primarily for Marvel Comics. He is known for his 10-year run as editor of Marvel Fanfare; his long involvement as writer, penciler, and inker on Peter Parker, The Spectacular Spider-Man; his four-year tenure as West Coast Avengers penciller; and his long stint as the inker of X-Factor. He often inks Jim Starlin's work. Milgrom is the co-creator of DC superhero Firestorm.
Flucytosine
Flucytosine, also known as 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), is an antifungal medication. It is specifically used, together with amphotericin B, for serious Candida infections and cryptococcosis. It may be used by itself or with other antifungals for chromomycosis. Flucytosine is used by mouth and by injection into a vein.

Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, and psychosis. Anaphylaxis and other allergic reactions occasionally occur. It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. Flucytosine is in the fluorinated pyrimidine analogue family of medications. It works by being converted into fluorouracil inside the fungus, which impairs its ability to make protein.

Flucytosine was first made in 1957. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.  It is not available in much of the developing world.

Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). The evolution of antifungal resistance is a growing threat to health globally.
Duke of Buckingham
Duke of Buckingham, referring to the market town of Buckingham, England, is an extinct title that has been created several times in the peerages of England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. There were creations of double dukedoms of Buckingham and Normanby and of Buckingham and Chandos.  The 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby built Buckingham House in the early 1700s, which eventually came into the hands of the monarch and is now Buckingham Palace. The last holder of the dukedom, the 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, died in 1889.

There have also been Earls of Buckingham and Marquesses of Buckingham.

Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham
Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (3 February 1478 – 17 May 1521) was an English nobleman. He was the son of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Katherine Woodville and nephew of Elizabeth Woodville and King Edward IV. Thus, Edward Stafford was a first cousin once removed of King Henry VIII. He frequently attended the courts of Henry VII and Henry VIII. He was convicted of treason and executed on 17 May 1521.
The Blue Squadron (1937 film)
The Blue Squadron (Spanish: El escuadrón azul) is a 1937 Argentine film directed and written by Nelo Cosimi during the Golden Age of Argentine cinema. The film was released in the United States on 3 June 1938 by the Cinexport Distributing Co.

Nelo Cosimi
Nelo Cosimi (1894 – 5 October 1945) was an Italian-born Argentine actor and film director. He directed thirteen films including the 1936 historical gaucho film Juan Moreira. He was married to the Italian-Argentine actress Chita Foras.
Indian Oil Cup 2005
The Indian Oil Cup 2005 was a three-team One Day International (ODI) cricket tournament held in Sri Lanka between 30 July and 7 August 2005. The participating teams were hosts Sri Lanka, and India and West Indies. Sri Lanka won the tournament beating India by 18 runs in the final.

Entering the tournament, Sri Lanka were second in the ICC ODI rankings, and were the favorites to win the tournament. West Indies did not field their strongest side as the team was in the middle of a contract dispute with their governing board. Each team played the others twice during the round-robin stage and the two top-placed teams based on points met in the final.

Denesh Ramdin
Denesh Ramdin (born 13 March 1985) is a Trinidadian former cricketer who played as a right-handed wicketkeeper-batsman.  Ramdin formerly captained the West Indies, Guyana Amazon Warriors, Trinidad and Tobago and the Combined Campuses and Colleges. He was a member of the West Indies team that won both the 2012 T20 World Cup and the 2016 T20 World Cup.

Ramdin scored four Test hundreds with a highest innings of 166 against England in 2009, this is the second-highest score made by a West Indies wicket-keeper in Tests. His best ODI score of 169, against Bangladesh in 2014, is also the second-highest made by a West Indies keeper in that format. Ramdin is also third, behind Jeff Dujon and Ridley Jacobs, in both Test and ODI wicketkeeping dismissals for the Windies respectively.