hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
X-ray Raman scattering
X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) is non-resonant inelastic scattering of X-rays from core electrons. 
It is analogous to vibrational Raman scattering, which is a widely used tool in optical spectroscopy, with the difference being that the wavelengths of the exciting photons fall in the X-ray regime and the corresponding excitations are from deep core electrons.

XRS is an element-specific spectroscopic tool for studying the electronic structure of matter. In particular, it probes the excited-state density of states (DOS) of an atomic species in a sample.

X-ray scattering techniques
X-ray scattering techniques are a family of analytical techniques which reveal information about the crystal structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of materials and thin films. These techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength or energy.

Note that X-ray diffraction is sometimes considered a sub-set of X-ray scattering, where the scattering is elastic and the scattering object is crystalline, so that the resulting pattern contains sharp spots analyzed by X-ray crystallography (as in the Figure). However, both scattering and diffraction are related general phenomena and the distinction has not always existed.  Thus Guinier's classic text from 1963 is titled "X-ray diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies" so 'diffraction' was clearly not restricted to crystals at that time.
Veeva Systems
Veeva Systems Inc., headquartered in Pleasanton, California, provides cloud software, data, and business consulting for the life sciences industry. Its software is used to manage data, track regulatory registrations, and oversee supply chains. The company is a public benefit corporation.

The company has 1,477 customers including Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, Merck & Co., Novartis, Alkermes plc, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, bluebird bio, and Idorsia. Its primary competitor for its customer relationship management software is Salesforce, which is partnered with IQVIA.

Salesforce
Salesforce, Inc., is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides applications focused on sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, artificial intelligence, agentic AI, and application development.

Founded by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff in March 1999, Salesforce grew quickly, making its initial public offering in 2004. As of September 2025, Salesforce is the 61st largest company in the world by market cap with a value of nearly US$238 billion. It became the world's largest enterprise applications firm in 2022. Salesforce ranked 491st on the 2023 edition of the Fortune 500, making $31.352 billion in revenue. Since 2020, Salesforce has also been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Jan Juc Beach
Jan Juc Beach is a patrolled beach in Jan Juc, Victoria, Australia, adjacent to the popular Torquay Surf Beach. The beach is situated along the Surf Coast coastline and faces south-south-west towards Bass Strait, and is a  popular stopping-point for tourists exploring the Great Ocean Road. The beach is patrolled seasonally by the Jan Juc Surf Life Saving Club, and is known for its exposure to ocean swells and variable surf conditions.

Great Ocean Road
The Great Ocean Road is an Australian National Heritage-listed 240-kilometre (150 mi) stretch of road along the south-eastern coast of Australia, between the Victorian towns of Torquay and Allansford. Built by returned soldiers between 1919 and 1932, and dedicated to soldiers killed during World War I, the road is the world's largest war memorial. Winding through varying terrain along the coast, and providing access to several prominent landmarks, including the Twelve Apostles limestone stack formations, the road is an important tourist attraction.

The city of Geelong, close to Torquay, experiences great benefit from Australian and international visitors to the road, with Geelong Otway Tourism affirming it as an invaluable asset. In 2008, the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV) listed the road as the state's top tourism experience in its Victoria 101 survey, based on places that members of the public would recommend to visitors.
45th World Science Fiction Convention
The 45th World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), also known as Conspiracy '87, was held on 27 August–1 September 1987 at the Metropole Hotel and The Brighton Centre in Brighton, United Kingdom.

The initial chairman was Malcolm Edwards, who had to scale back his involvement several months before the con, and was succeeded by Paul Oldroyd with the title of "coordinator", later recognised as chairman.

Worldcon
The World Science Fiction Convention, branded as Worldcon, is a science fiction convention and the annual convention of the World Science Fiction Society (WSFS). It has been held each year since 1939 (except for the years 1942 to 1945, during World War II). The members of each Worldcon are the members of WSFS, and vote both to select the site of the Worldcon two years later, and to select the winners of the annual Hugo Awards, which are presented at each convention.
Bureau of Immigration (Philippines)
The Bureau of Immigration (Filipino: Kawanihan ng Pandarayuhan), also known between 1972 and 1987 as the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation, is the immigration regulatory and control body of the Philippines. It was established by the Philippine Immigration Act in 1940, although a predecessor agency had existed as part of the Bureau of Customs since 1899.

Bureau of Customs
The Bureau of Customs (BoC or BOC; Filipino: Kawanihan ng Adwana) is a Philippine government agency that is responsible for the collecting of customs duties, excise duties, and other indirect taxes in the Philippines. It is part of the Philippines Department of Finance.

The Bureau of Customs was established on February 6, 1902, by the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands when it was under control of the United States, during the American colonial period of the Philippines.
Quercus phellos
Quercus phellos, the willow oak, also peach oak, water oak, and swamp chestnut oak, is a North American species of a deciduous tree in the red oak group of oaks. It is native to the south-central and eastern United States.

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.
Artaman League
The Artaman League (German language: Artamanen-Gesellschaft) was a German agrarian and völkisch movement committed to a Back-to-the-land–inspired ruralism, founded in 1923. Active during the inter-war period, the League became closely linked to, and eventually absorbed by, the Nazi Party.

Back-to-the-land movement
A back-to-the-land movement is any of various agrarian movements across different historical periods. The common thread is a call for people to take up smallholding and to grow food from the land with an emphasis on a greater degree of self-sufficiency, autonomy, and local community than found in a conventional industrial or postindustrial way of life. Some of the motives behind such movements have included social reform, land reform, and civilian war efforts. Groups involved have included political reformers, counterculture hippies, and religious separatists.
Jake Ellwood
Major General Justin Frederick Ellwood, DSC, AM, CSC (born 1970), commonly known as Jake Ellwood, is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. He joined the army via the Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1989 and was commissioned into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps. He commanded the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2006–08), Overwatch Battle Group (West) (2007), Battle Group Tiger (2008) and the Combat Training Centre (c. 2010–13), and deployed on operations to Kosovo, East Timor, Iraq and Afghanistan. He served as Deputy Chief of Army from May to December 2018, and commanded the 1st Division from December 2018 to November 2021.

Conspicuous Service Cross (Australia)
The Conspicuous Service Cross (CSC) is a decoration (medal) of the Australian honours system. It is awarded to members of the Australian Defence Force "for outstanding devotion to duty or outstanding achievement in the application of exceptional skills, judgment or dedication, in non-warlike situations". In November 2019, 1129 people were listed as recipients. All ranks are eligible for the award.
Mine Onsen
Mine Onsen, also known by the name of the public bathhouse facility, Odoriko Onsen, is a geothermal hot spring located in Daifunto park, Kawazu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The hot springs are accessible from Tokyo on the Odoriko or the Super View Odoriko  train lines.

Kawazu, Shizuoka
Kawazu (河津町, Kawazu-chō) is a town located on the east coast of Izu Peninsula in Kamo District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2019,  the town had an estimated population of 7,203 in 3334 households, and a population density of 71 persons per km². The total area of the town is 100.79 square kilometres (38.92 sq mi). The town is noted for its Kawazu sakura, a variety of early-blooming sakura.
Jacopino della Scala
Jacopino della Scala (died 1215), an Italian merchant and politician, was a member of the Scaliger family of future lords of Verona. He was the son of Leonardo della Scala, and also the grandson of Karafina Gambarelli and her husband Balduino della Scala, son of Arduino della Scala, who gave rise to the Della Scala dynasty

Initially he worked as wool trader, not rich and without any noble title. However, his friendship network and political skills granted him the title of Imperial vicar at Ostiglia, and podestà of Cerea. He was an ancestor of most European monarchs.

He was the father of Mastino I (Leonardo), Alberto I, Manfredo and Bocca della Scala.

Scaliger
The House of Della Scala, whose members were known as Scaligeri (Italian: [skaˈliːdʒeri]) or Scaligers (/ˈskælɪdʒərz/), was the ruling family of Verona and mainland Veneto (except for Venice) from 1262 to 1387, for a total of 125 years.
Albert Eduard Stoové
Albert Eduard Stoové (Yogyakarta (Netherlands East Indies), 26 December 1920 – Delft (Netherlands), 23 September 2010) was a sergeant in the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force at the start of World War II. For several actions with the 2-VLG-V squadron under command of Captain Jacob Pieter van Helsdingen he received the Vliegerkruis on 24 February 1942.

Airman's Cross
The Airman's Cross (Dutch: Vliegerkruis) is a military decoration of the Kingdom of the Netherlands created in 1941. The cross is awarded to members of the Dutch military who display initiative, courage, and perseverance against the enemy or during hostile actions during one or more flights. The cross is also awarded to allied pilots whose actions were of high importance to the Netherlands.

A total of 735 Airman's Crosses have been awarded, most recently in 2007 to Royal Netherlands Air Force Major M. Duivesteijn, an F-16 pilot. Major Duivesteijn received the award because of his "exceptional courage and perseverance" during a 1999 flight that was part of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. Other well-known recipients include Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema (the "Soldier of Orange"), Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, and Ida Veldhuyzen van Zanten.

The Airman's Cross is the fifth-highest Dutch military decoration still being awarded for bravery (after the Cross of Merit).
Señorita México 1978
The 24th annual Señorita México pageant was held 1978. Thirty-two contestants competed for the national title, which was won by Alba Cervera from Yucatán who competed in Miss Universe 1978 where she was a semi finalist. Cervera was crowned by outgoing Señorita México titleholder Felicia Mercado. She is the third Yucateca to win this title.

The Señorita Mundo México title was won by Martha Eugenia Ortiz from Distrito Federal who competed in Miss World 1978 where she was 3rd runner-up. Ortiz was crowned by outgoing Señorita México titleholder Felicia Mercado in a previous event to final night of competition. She is the second Capitalina to win this title.

Miss Universe 1978
Miss Universe 1978 was the 27th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Centro de Convenciones de Acapulco in Acapulco, Mexico, on 24 July 1978. It was the first time in the pageant's history that the event was held in Mexico. Margaret Gardiner of South Africa was crowned by Janelle Commissiong of Trinidad and Tobago at the end of the event. This is the first time South Africa won the pageant.
Olaf Ephraim
Olaf René Ephraim (born 30 September 1965) is a Dutch investment banker and politician. He worked for the banks MeesPierson and Fortis before joining the conservative and right-wing populist party Forum for Democracy (FvD). Ephraim served as the party's treasurer and was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2021 general election. He left Forum for Democracy in May 2021 and joined Wybren van Haga's new political party Belang van Nederland (BVNL). He left its parliamentary caucus ahead of the 2023 general election, continuing as an independent politician, but he retained his membership of BVNL.

Wybren van Haga
Wybren Ridley van Haga (born 31 January 1967) is a Dutch politician and engineer who was a member of the House of Representatives between 2017 and 2023. He was initially elected as a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), but was expelled from the party in 2019, causing the third Rutte cabinet to lose its parliamentary majority. Van Haga subsequently sat as an independent MP before joining Thierry Baudet's Forum for Democracy party, where he was placed second on the party list in the 2021 election. He has since quit Forum for Democracy and created his own political party Belang van Nederland.
Neoloy Geocell
The Neoloy Geocell (previously under the Neoweb trademark) is a Cellular Confinement System (geocell) developed and manufactured by PRS Geo-Technologies Ltd. Geocells are extruded in ultrasonically welded strips. The folded strips are opened on-site to form a 3D honeycomb matrix, which is then filled with granular material. The 3D confinement system is used to stabilize soft subgrade soil and reinforce the subbase and base layers in flexible pavements. Cellular confinement is also used for soil protection and erosion control for slopes, including channels, retention walls, reservoirs and landfills.

Cellular confinement
Cellular confinement systems (CCS)—also known as geocells—are widely used in construction for erosion control, soil stabilization on flat ground and steep slopes, channel protection, and structural reinforcement for load support and earth retention. Typical cellular confinement systems are geosynthetics made with ultrasonically welded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) strips or novel polymeric alloy (NPA)—and expanded on-site to form a honeycomb-like structure—and filled with sand, soil, rock, gravel or concrete.
Akhtar Ali G. Kazi
Akhtar Ali G. Kazi (17 September 1944 – 14 October 2010) was a Pakistani politician who served as 16th Chief Minister of Sindh from 11 April 1988 to 24 June 1988 and then as 18th Chief Minister of Sindh in his 2nd term from 31 August 1988 to 2 December 1988.

Chief Minister of Sindh
The chief minister of Sindh (Sindhi: وزيراعلي, Urdu: وزیر اعلىٰ—Wazīr-e Aʿlá) is the elected head of government of Sindh and serves alongside the Chief Secretary.  is the vacant Chief Minister of Sindh,

The chief minister is the head of the provincial government alongside the Chief Secretary. The Chief Minister of Sindh is elected by the Provincial Assembly of Sindh and is the leader of the provincial Legislature. The office of Chief Minister is located in Karachi, the capital of the Sindh province and is known as the CM Secretariat.
Theo Baker
Theo Baker (born 2004 or 2005) is an American student journalist at The Stanford Daily, the student-run, independent newspaper of Stanford University. In 2023, he became the youngest recipient of the George Polk Award for his reporting that led to the resignation of Stanford president Marc Tessier-Lavigne. Baker is the son of journalists Peter Baker and Susan Glasser.

George Polk Awards
The George Polk Awards in Journalism are a series of American journalism awards presented annually by Long Island University in New York in the United States. A writer for Idea Lab, a group blog hosted on the website of PBS, described the award as "one of only a couple of journalism prizes that means anything". The award is described as follows:

For 75 years, LIU has been the proud home of the George Polk Awards in Journalism, the first major award of its kind to recognize reporting across all media. This prestigious honor focuses on the intrepid, bold, and influential work of the reporters themselves, placing a premium on investigative work that is original, resourceful, and thought-provoking.
Mother Jones
Mary G. Harris Jones (baptized August 1, 1837 – November 30, 1930), known as Mother Jones from 1897 onward, was an American labor organizer, schoolteacher, and dressmaker who became a prominent union organizer, community organizer, and activist. She helped coordinate major strikes, secure bans on child labor, and co-founded the trade union Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).

After Jones's husband and four children all died of yellow fever in 1867 and her dress shop was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, she became an organizer for the Knights of Labor and the United Mine Workers of America union. In 1902, she was called "the most dangerous woman in America" for her success in organizing miners and their families against the mine owners. In 1903, to protest the lax enforcement of the child labor laws in the Pennsylvania mines and silk mills, she organized a children's march from Philadelphia to the home of President Theodore Roosevelt in New York.

Child labor laws in the United States
Child labor laws in the United States address issues related to the employment and welfare of working children in the United States. The most sweeping federal law that restricts the employment and abuse of child workers is the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA), which came into force during the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. Child labor provisions under FLSA are designed to protect the educational opportunities of youth and prohibit their employment in jobs that are detrimental to their health and safety. FLSA restricts the hours that youth under 16 years of age can work and lists hazardous occupations too dangerous for young workers to perform.
Michael Wong (singer)
Michael Wong Kong Leong (born 30 August 1970), also known as Guang Liang, is a Malaysian singer and songwriter. He has sung and written many love-themed ballads and love songs, many of which have high popularity. He is popularly known in the Mandopop scene as the "Prince of Love Songs" (情歌王子).

Wong began his singing career in a duo with Victor Wong. The pair had attained notable success in Taiwan, but in a mutual agreement, the two split in 2000. Wong has released five solo albums since then, the third one being his breakthrough album, Fairy Tale. He has achieved a great success in Taiwan, mainland China, Hong Kong and Malaysia where he is based. Wong has also helped several other successful singers by composing songs for them, including the ballad "Courage" (勇氣), which was originally sung by Fish Leong.

Victor Wong (singer)
Victor Wong Pin Kuan (Chinese: 黃品冠; Jyutping: Wong4 Ban2 Gun1; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Vòng Phín-kwon) is a Malaysian Chinese singer who has made his name in the Taiwan music scene. He was born on 26 February 1972.
Banda Mole
República Independente da Banda Mole, or simply Banda Mole (Portuguese for 'soft band')), is a pre-carnival block from Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
The name is a pun of bunda mole (Portuguese for 'soft ass'). 
It was created in the Lagoinha neighborhood in 1975.
The block's main tradition is the gender swap: men parades dressed with women's clothes, and women the other way round.

The block co-organizes the Mestre Jonas song contest for the year's carnival marchinha.

Carnival block
Carnival blocks, carnaval blocos or blocos de rua are street bands that mobilize crowds on the streets and are the main popular expression of Brazilian Carnival. These parades fall under the term "street carnival", and happen during a period of about one month, beginning before and finishing after Carnival. Blocos usually perform Brazilian rhythms, such as marchinha, samba, frevo, maracatu, and axé.
2024 Nepal Premier League final
The 2024 Nepal Premier League final was played on 21 December 2024 at the Tribhuvan University International Cricket Ground in Kirtipur. Sudurpaschim Royals qualified for the finals after their win in Qualifier 1. They competed with Janakpur Bolts, who qualified for the finals after their win in Qualifier 2.

After winning the toss, Sudurpaschim Royals elected to bat first and managed to score 184 runs in 20 overs with a loss of 9 wickets. The Janakpur Bolts chased the target in 19.2 overs and won the match by five wickets, thus winning their first NPL title. JB player Lahiru Milantha was named as the player of the match for scoring 87 runs. Saif Zaib (SR) was named as the player of the season for scoring 275 runs and taking 12 wickets throughout the tournament.

2024 Nepal Premier League
The 2024 Nepal Premier League, also known as Siddhartha Bank NPL 2024 for sponsorship reasons, was the inaugural season of the Nepal Premier League, a men's Twenty20 cricket league in Nepal.

The tournament featured eight teams competing in 32 matches from 30 November to 21 December 2024 (15 Mangsir to 6 Poush 2081 BS).
2021 PH27
2021 PH27 is a kilometer-sized Atira-type near-Earth asteroid orbiting very close to the Sun. It was discovered by Scott Sheppard using the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory on 13 August 2021. 2021 PH27 has the smallest semi-major axis and shortest orbital period among all known asteroids as of 2026, with a velocity at perihelion of 106 km/s (240,000 mph). It also has the largest relativistic perihelion shift of any known object orbiting the Sun, 1.6 times that of Mercury. 2021 PH27 shares an identical orbit and color as 2025 GN1, which has led astronomers to believe that the two asteroids split apart from a parent body over 10,500 years ago.

Atira asteroid
Atira asteroids /əˈtɪrə/ or Apohele asteroids, also known as interior-Earth objects (IEOs), are Near-Earth objects whose orbits are entirely confined within Earth's orbit; that is, their orbit has an aphelion (farthest point from the Sun) smaller than Earth's perihelion (nearest point to the Sun), which is 0.983 astronomical units (AU). Atira asteroids are by far the least numerous group of near-Earth objects, compared to the more populous Aten, Apollo and Amor asteroids.