hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pride of Baltimore Chorus
The Pride of Baltimore Chorus was an all-female, a cappella chorus based in metropolitan Baltimore, Maryland.  Founded in the early 1990s, the chorus once boasted over 110 members hailing from 5 different states: Maryland, Virginia, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.  They were a chapter of Sweet Adelines International, the world's largest women's singing organization.

Sweet Adelines International
Sweet Adelines International is a worldwide organization of women singers, established in 1945, committed to advancing the musical art form of barbershop harmony through education and performances. This independent, nonprofit music education association is one of the world's largest singing organizations for women.  "Harmonize the World" is the organization's motto. It has a current membership of 23,000 and holds an annual international singing competition.
Complete Boolean algebra
In mathematics, a complete Boolean algebra is a Boolean algebra in which every subset has a supremum (least upper bound).  Complete Boolean algebras are used to construct Boolean-valued models of set theory in the theory of forcing.  Every Boolean algebra A has an essentially unique completion, which is a complete Boolean algebra containing A such that every element is the supremum of some subset of A.  As a partially ordered set, this completion of A is the Dedekind–MacNeille completion.

More generally, for some cardinal κ, a Boolean algebra is called κ-complete if every subset of cardinality less than or equal to κ has a supremum.

Partially ordered set
In mathematics, especially order theory, a partial order on a set is an arrangement such that, for certain pairs of elements, one precedes the other. The word partial is used to indicate that not every pair of elements needs to be comparable; that is, there may be pairs for which neither element precedes the other. Partial orders thus generalize total orders, in which every pair is comparable.

Formally, a partial order is a homogeneous binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. A partially ordered set (poset for short) is an ordered pair  consisting of a set  (called the ground set of ) and a partial order  on . When the meaning is clear from context and there is no ambiguity about the partial order, the set  itself is sometimes called a poset.
2012 Breeders' Cup Classic
The 2012 Breeders' Cup Classic was the 29th running of the Breeders' Cup Classic, part of the 2012 Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships program. It was run on November 3, 2012 at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California with a purse of $5,000,000.

Fort Larned, a 9-1 longshot, won the race in frontrunning fashion, holding off a closing drive by Mucho Macho Man.

The Classic is run on dirt at one mile and one-quarter (approximately 2000 m). It is run under weight-for-age conditions, with entrants carrying the following weights:

Northern Hemisphere three-year-olds: 122 lb

Southern Hemisphere three-year-olds: 117 lb

Four-year-olds and up: 126 lb

Any fillies or mares receive a 3 lb allowance

Santa Anita Park
Santa Anita Park is a Thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent horse racing events in the United States during early fall, winter and in spring. The track is home to numerous prestigious races, including both the Santa Anita Derby and the Santa Anita Handicap. It has also hosted the year-end Breeders' Cup races eleven times, more than any other racetrack. In 1984, Santa Anita was the site of equestrian events at the 1984 Olympics and will host once again in 2028. Since 2011, the Stronach Group are the current owners.
Samsung Galaxy Core 2
The Samsung Galaxy Core 2 is a smartphone manufactured by Samsung Electronics. It was first unveiled by Samsung in July 2014 on the official website and was released the following month. It is the successor to the Samsung Galaxy Core. It runs on Android 4.4.2 KitKat. It has a 4.5 inch capacitive touchscreen with WVGA (480x800) resolution, with a pixel density of 207 ppi. It has a quad-core processor clocked at 1.2 GHz. It has 768 MB of RAM. The Galaxy Core 2 has 4 GB of internal storage and supports MicroSD cards up to 64 GB.

It has a 5 MP primary camera with autofocus and an LED flash. It has a 0.3 MP (VGA) front facing camera. It can record 480p video at 30fps. Other features include touch to focus, continuous shot, and geo tagging.

The device features an accelerometer intended to translate natural gestures into commands.

It has a 2000 mAh Li-ion battery with a talk time of up to 7 hours and music playback of up to 30 hours.

Samsung Galaxy Core
The Samsung Galaxy Core is a smartphone manufactured by Samsung Electronics that runs on the open source Android 4.1.2 Jelly Bean operating system. Announced by Samsung in early May 2013, the Dual-SIM model was released in mid-to-late May 2013, and the single-SIM version on July 2013.
Humbe
Humbe is a town and commune in the municipality of Ombadja, province of Cunene, Angola.

It also used to be the location of a Roman Catholic mission station in southern Angola, located approx. 10 km northeast of Xangongo, in the tribal area of the Ombadja tribe of the Ovambos. It was located on a tributary of the Kunene River, flowing into this river from the north.

Humbe was established in ca. 1882, after the Catholics had made a failed attempt to establish themselves near the Finnish mission station of Olukonda in Ondonga, Ovamboland, in 1879, and then in Omaruru, Hereroland, further south in South West Africa in 1882.

The attempts of the Portuguese to subjugate the Ovambos of Ombadja and Oukwanyama were initially unsuccessful, and 1904 they suffered a massive defeat at the Cunene river. In response, the Portuguese established Forte Roçadas in 1906 in what is now Xangongo, not far from Humbe.

Xangongo
Xangongo (pre-1975: Vila Roçadas) is a town with a population of 35,000 (2014), and a commune in the municipality of Ombadja, within the province of Cunene, in Angola.

Xangongo is also the seat of Ombadja municipality. The commune was also the site of considerable fighting in the Namibian War of Independence and the Angolan Civil War.
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme is commonly referred to as P450scc, where "scc" is an abbreviation for side-chain cleavage, and more properly named CYP11A1. P450scc is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. This is the first reaction in the process of steroidogenesis in all mammalian tissues that specialize in the production of various steroid hormones.

P450scc is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes (family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) and is encoded by the CYP11A1 gene. The enzyme is sometimes referred to as Cholesterol desmolase, due to the breaking of the carbon bonds (desmolysis).

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).
FS Class 851
Class 851 locomotives were a class of steam locomotives of the Italian State Railways (FS).

They were designed and built by the Adriatic Network (RA) as machines for line service. In 1905, together with the locomotives of the classes FS 290, 600 and 870 ex-RA, they were included among those that the FS deemed worthy of further orders pending the completion of the designs of new classes suitable to cope with the development of passenger and freight traffic resulting from nationalization.

The advent of Class 940 locomotives relegated them to the role of shunting locomotives. With a geographical distribution complementary to that of class 835, these "interesting machines" served until the end of the steam traction era in Italy in the 1970s.

FS Class 600
The Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS; Italian State Railways) Class 600 (Italian: Gruppo 600), formerly Rete Adriatica Class 380 and Società per le Strade Ferrate Meridionali Class 380, is a 2-6-0 'Mogul' steam locomotive; it is considered by some as the first Italian modern steam locomotive.
Green week
Green week, or the green holidays, is a traditional Slavic seasonal festival celebrated in early June. It is closely linked with the veneration of the dead and the spring agricultural rites. In Eastern European villages, the seven weeks following Easter have historically been a time of festivity. Green week takes place during the seventh week leading up to the Pentecost, and includes the seventh Thursday after Easter, called Semik.

The green week is followed by Trinity week, also known as the holiday of the Trinity in Eastern Christianity. It is also widely known as Whitsuntide week in the English-speaking world, especially Great Britain, and is inaugurated by the celebrations of Trinity Sunday, the Sunday of Pentecost in Eastern Christianity.

Trinity Sunday
Trinity Sunday is the first Sunday after Pentecost in the Western Christian liturgical calendar, and the Sunday of Pentecost in Eastern Christianity. Trinity Sunday celebrates the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, the three Persons of God: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
Transportation in South Bend, Indiana
Transportation in South Bend, Indiana currently relies heavily on road and highway infrastructure. South Bend's primary airport is South Bend International Airport, located northwest of downtown. It also has multiple rail lines and stations for freight and passenger travel. These are all interconnected by the city's private bus transit corporation; TRANSPO.

South Bend Transpo
The South Bend Public Transportation Corporation (commonly known as Transpo) is a municipal bus system that serves the cities of South Bend and Mishawaka, as well as the nearby suburbs of Notre Dame and Roseland, in the very north of the U.S. state of Indiana. It is the most recent incarnation of the South Bend Railway Company, a street railway company that was founded on May 25, 1885. Transpo receives funding from local, state and federal taxes. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 1,401,300, or about 5,000 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
Eudemus (general)
Eudemus (Ancient Greek: Εὔδημος; died 316 BC) was one of Alexander the Great's generals. In 326 BC, he was appointed by Alexander as one of the commanders of the troops in India along with Peithon, Porus and Taxiles. After Alexander's death, Eudemus assassinated Porus and effectively controlled Alexander's northern Indian territories until he became involved in the Wars of the Diadochi during which he was captured and killed by Antigonus.

Taxiles
Taxiles or Taxilas (Ancient Greek: Tαξίλης, Taxílēs or Ταξίλας, Taxílas; r. 326 – 316 BCE) was the Greek chroniclers' name for the ruler who reigned over the tract between the Indus and the Jhelum (Hydaspes) Rivers in the Punjab region at the time of Alexander the Great's expedition. His real name may have been Ambhi (Greek: Omphis), and the Greeks appear to have called him Taxiles or Taxilas, after the name of his capital city of Taxila, near the modern city of Attock, Pakistan.
John Rhys Evans
John Rhys Evans (5 September 1930 – 2 January 2010) was a Welsh baritone noted  for operatic roles including the leading man in the Merry Widow, the King in The Vagabond King, Count  Almaviva in The Marriage of Figaro; Don Carlos in Ernani, and leading roles in L'elisir d'amore, Madame Butterfly, I Pagliacci, La Boheme, The Gypsy Baron, Carmen, Die Fledermaus and Don Giovanni.   He sang more than 40 different roles in the course of his career, which lasted from his first public appearance in 1953 to 1994. He sang as a soloist at the Investiture of the Prince of Wales at Caernarvon Castle in 1969.

He was the half-brother of the opera singer Sir Geraint Evans.

Geraint Evans
Sir Geraint Llewellyn Evans CBE (16 February 1922 – 19 September 1992) was a Welsh bass-baritone noted for operatic roles including Figaro in Le nozze di Figaro, Papageno in Die Zauberflöte, and the title role in Wozzeck. Evans was especially acclaimed for his performances in the title role of Verdi's Falstaff. He sang more than 70 different roles in a career that lasted from his first appearance at Covent Garden in 1948 to his farewell there in 1984.
Segugio Italiano
The Segugio Italiano is either of two Italian breeds of dog of scent hound type, the wire-haired Segugio Italiano a Pelo Forte or the short-haired Segugio Italiano a Pelo Raso.: 531  Apart from the coat type, they are closely similar,: 531  and in some sources may be treated as a single breed; the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana treat them as separate. They are also genetically close to the other two Italian scent hound breeds, the Segugio Maremmano and the Segugio dell'Appennino.: 536  They are traditionally used for hunting hare, but may also be used in boar hunts.: 242

In 2009 registrations in the national stud-book were 1740 of the wire-haired breed and 4500 of the short-haired.

Segugio Maremmano
The Segugio Maremmano is an Italian breed of scent hound from the coastal plains of the Maremma, in Tuscany. It is mainly used for hunting wild boar, but may also be used to hunt hare and other mammals. They may be either smooth-haired or rough-haired.
Labrum (arthropod mouthpart)
The labrum is a flap-like structure that lies immediately in front of the mouth in almost all extant Euarthropoda. The most conspicuous exceptions are the Pycnogonida, which are probably chelicerates. In entomology, the labrum amounts to the "upper lip" of an insect mouth, the corresponding "lower lip" being the labium.

The evolutionary origin, embryogenesis, and morphological development of the labrum have proved to be some of the most controversial and challenging topics in the study of arthropod head structures.

Insect mouthparts
Insects have mouthparts that may vary greatly across insect species, as they are adapted to particular modes of feeding. The earliest insects had chewing mouthparts. Most specialisation of mouthparts are for piercing and sucking, and this mode of feeding has evolved a number of times independently. For example, mosquitoes (which are true flies) and aphids (which are true bugs) both pierce and suck, though female mosquitoes feed on animal blood whereas aphids feed on plant fluids.
American Family Day
American Family Day is the 14th state-recognized holiday in Arizona, Title 1-301.  American Family Day, much like Mother's Day or Father's Day is a non-paid holiday established as a separate day to appreciate family members by spending time with them.  Families are discouraged from buying gifts or other material items.

Arizona resident, John Makkai, is credited with pushing the holiday through the Arizona legislature.  American Family Day began as a 1-year proclamation, signed by then Governor Raúl Héctor Castro, declaring August 7, 1977 American Family Day.  The following year, American Family Day was signed into law as an official Arizona holiday by Governor Bruce Babbitt.  The holiday also caught on in several other states, including North Carolina and Georgia.

From the Georgia Department of Education Parent Engagement Program, "American Family Day – this day brings families together to share their love and appreciation of one another."

Father's Day
Father's Day is a day set aside for honoring one's father, as well as fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. "Father's Day" complements similar celebrations honoring family members, such as Mother's Day and, in some countries, Siblings Day, and Grandparents' Day. The day is held on various dates across the world, and different regions maintain their own traditions of honoring fatherhood.

In Catholic countries of Europe, it has been celebrated on 19 March as Saint Joseph's Day since the Middle Ages. In the United States, Father's Day was founded in the state of Washington by Sonora Smart Dodd in 1910. Father's Day is a recognized public holiday in Lithuania and some parts of Spain and was regarded as such in Italy until 1977. It is a national holiday in Samoa, and equivalently in South Korea, where it is celebrated as Parents' Day.
Apostasy in Judaism
Apostasy in Judaism is the rejection of Judaism and possible conversion to another religion by a Jew. The term apostasy is derived from Ancient Greek: ἀποστάτης, meaning 'rebellious' (Hebrew: מורד, romanized: mored). Equivalent expressions for apostate in Hebrew that are used by rabbinical scholars include mumar (מומר, literally 'one who is changed [out of their faith]'), poshea Yisrael (פושע ישראל, literally, 'transgressor of Israel'), and kofer (כופר). Similar terms are meshumad (משומד, lit. 'destroyed one'), and min (מין) or epikoros (אפיקורוס), which denote heresy and the negation of God and Judaism, implying atheism.

Heresy in Judaism
Heresy in Judaism refers to those beliefs which contradict the traditional doctrines of Rabbinic Judaism, including theological beliefs and opinions about the practice of halakha (Jewish religious law). Jewish tradition contains a range of statements about heretics, including laws for how to deal with them in a communal context, and statements about the divine punishment they are expected to receive.
RDE-1
RDE-1 (RNAi-DEfective 1) is a primary Argonaute protein required for RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans. The rde-1 gene locus was first characterized in C. elegans mutants resistant to RNAi, and is a member of a highly conserved Piwi gene family that includes plant, Drosophila, and vertebrate homologs.

Argonaute
The Argonaute protein family, first discovered for its evolutionarily conserved stem cell function, plays a central role in RNA silencing processes as essential components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). RISC is responsible for the gene silencing phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi). Argonaute proteins bind different classes of small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Small RNAs guide Argonaute proteins to their specific targets through sequence complementarity (base pairing), which then leads to mRNA cleavage, translation inhibition, and/or the initiation of mRNA decay.

The name of this protein family is derived from a mutant phenotype resulting from mutation of AGO1 in Arabidopsis thaliana, which was likened by Bohmert et al. to the appearance of the pelagic octopus Argonauta argo.
Tehrangeles
Tehrangeles (Persian: تهرانجلس) is a portmanteau deriving from the combination of Tehran, the capital of Iran, and Los Angeles.  Also known as Little Iran or Little Persia, a sprawl of Persian community developed in the Los Angeles area generally consisting of Westwood, Beverly Hills, Century city, West Los Angeles, Pico-Robertson, Bel Air, Encino, Tarzana, & Woodland Hills after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 prompted hundreds of thousands of Iranians to flee to the United States. It is a shopping, eating and gathering place for the large number (estimates range from 500,000–600,000) of Iranian-Americans and their descendants residing in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the largest such community outside of Iran.

The intersection of Westwood Boulevard and Wilkins Avenue was recognized by the City of Los Angeles as Persian Square.

Bel Air, Los Angeles
Bel Air is a residential neighborhood in the Westside region on the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains of Los Angeles, California, United States.

Together with Beverly Hills and Holmby Hills, Bel Air forms the Platinum Triangle of Los Angeles neighborhoods. Bel Air, Beverly Hills, and the Los Angeles community of Brentwood are also known as the "three Bs".
Zuid-Beijerland
Zuid-Beijerland is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hoeksche Waard, and lies about 10 km south of Oud-Beijerland.

The village was originally called Den Hitsert. The current name was first used between 1839 and 1859. It is named after the eponymous polder. Zuid (south) has been added to distinguish from Oud-Beijerland and Nieuw-Beijerland. Zuid-Beijerland developed as a dike village after the polder was enclosed with a dike in 1631. It became an independent parish in 1671. The church is a cruciform church with needle spire which was built in 1933 after its predecessor burnt down. The church belongs to the Protestant community of Zuid-Beijerland.

Zuid-Beijerland was home to 798 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1984, when it became part of Korendijk, which itself later became Hoeksche Waard.

Oud-Beijerland
Oud-Beijerland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʌud ˈbɛiərlɑnt] ⓘ) is a town and former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, now a part of the Hoeksche Waard municipality. With a population of 24,575 in 2020, it is the most populous town of the Hoeksche Waard island. The town is located adjacent to the confluence of the Oude Maas and Spui River.

The town of Oud-Beijerland also includes the communities Vuurbaken and Zinkweg.
Akylbek Japarov
Akylbek Üsönbek uulu Japarov (Kyrgyz: Акылбек Үсөнбек уулу Жапаров; born 14 September 1965) is a Kyrgyz politician who served as Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan from 2021 to 2024. He replaced Ulukbek Maripov, who had been appointed to the new role by President Sadyr Japarov on 5 May 2021. Aqılbek also concurrently served as the Head of the Presidential Administration under President Japarov.

Coming from an economic and engineering background, Japarov had previously served in several mostly economic roles under the Aqayev and Baqıyev governments, including as Minister of Economy and Finance from 26 March 2005 to 27 December 2007 under Baqıyev after the Tulip Revolution.

Kurmanbek Bakiyev
Kurmanbek Sali uulu Bakiyev (born 1 August 1949) is a Kyrgyzstani politician who served as the second president of Kyrgyzstan from 2005 until his removal from office as a result of the Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010, forcing Bakiyev to flee the country.

Bakiyev was the leader of the People's Movement of Kyrgyzstan before his ascendance to the presidency. He received most of his popular support from the south of the country. The Legislative Assembly of Kyrgyzstan of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan appointed him acting president on 25 March 2005, following the ousting, during the Tulip Revolution, of President Askar Akayev. In October 2007, Bakiyev initiated the creation of Ak Jol party, but could not lead it due to his presidency.