hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i
Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i (Persian: غلامحسین محسنی اژه‌ای, romanized: Ġolām-Hoseyn Mohseni Eže'i, Persian pronunciation: [ɢolɒːmhoˈsejn mohseˈniː eʒeˈjiː]; born 29 September 1956 - 28 February 2026) was an Iranian principlist politician, Islamic jurist and former prosecutor who served as Chief Justice of Iran.

He was the Iranian minister of intelligence from 2005 to July 2009, when he was abruptly dismissed. He also held a number of other governmental posts since 1984.

Chief Justice of Iran
The head of the Judicial System of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: رئیس قوه قضائیه جمهوری اسلامی ایران, romanized: Raeis Ghooh Ghazaiyeh Jamehori Eslami Iran), often called the chief justice of Iran, is the head of the judicial system of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Head of Judiciary) and is responsible for its administration and supervision.

The position is required to be an "honorable man" according to Article 157 [Head of Judiciary] of the Constitution of Iran.

The Supreme Leader (Ali Khamenei) appoints and can dismiss the chief justice.

The chief justice is also the highest judge of the Supreme Court of Iran.

The chief justice nominates some candidates for serving as Justice Minister and then the president selects one of them.
The chief justice can serve for two five-year terms.
Highland Creek, Toronto
Highland Creek is a neighbourhood in eastern Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located along the southern portion of the river of the same name in the former suburb of Scarborough. To the east are the neighbourhoods of Port Union and West Rouge, to the west West Hill and Woburn, and to the south Centennial Scarborough.

The western portion of the neighbourhood is occupied by the University of Toronto Scarborough, a feature landmark in the area and a busy pedestrian centre. After the opening of the college, the neighbourhood was developed primarily into residential areas. Areas dominated by wildlife, which is located along the Highland Creek valley, were left alone. Some shops and a church exist along the commercial Old Kingston Road.

The community is one of the most prestigious neighbourhoods in Scarborough with wide lot homes. Home prices are relatively expensive compared to other areas of Scarborough. This partly due to the location of the university.

Port Union, Toronto
Port Union, also known as Centennial Scarborough is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the south-east corner of Toronto, within the former suburb of Scarborough.  The neighbourhood is bounded by Kingston Road to the north, Port Union Road to the east, the Lake Ontario shoreline to the south, and Highland Creek to the west.

The neighbourhood originated as the small lakefront town of Port Union in the 19th century, within the area now known as West Rouge, until 1974 part of the Township of Pickering. It was later developed as a suburban bedroom community after the Second World War. Since the 1990s, the industrial lands along the waterfront have been transformed into new subdivisions, along with a paved walkway and bike path along the shore of Lake Ontario. The neighbourhood has many mature trees, parkland and waterfront.  It is an affluent neighbourhood with 93% home ownership.
Garuda Linux
Garuda Linux is an Arch Linux-based, Linux distribution targeted towards gaming. It offers multiple desktop environments, but the KDE Plasma version is the default. The distribution is named after Garuda, the divine eagle mount of the god Vishnu in Hinduism.

Garuda Linux, being based on the Arch derivative Manjaro, features a rolling release update model using Pacman as its package manager.

Manjaro
Manjaro (/mænˈdʒɑːroʊ/ man-JA-row) is a free and open-source Linux distribution based on the Arch Linux operating system with a focus on user-friendliness, accessibility, and improved software testing and stability compared to its upstream sources. It uses a rolling release update model with Pacman-derived package managers. Manjaro is developed mainly in Austria, France and Germany.

Reviewers often describe Manjaro Linux as a Linux distribution that is easy to set up and use, suitable for both beginners and experienced users. It is recommended as an easy and friendly way to install and maintain a cutting-edge Arch-derived distribution. Some reviewers find appeal in the large range of contributed software available in the Arch User Repository (AUR), which has a reputation for being kept up to date from upstream resources. Others highlight the wide selection of official and community editions with different desktop environments.
Slavery in Syria
Chattel slavery existed in the territory of the modern state of Syria until the 1920s.

Syria was one of the destinations of the Red Sea slave trade and the Indian Ocean slave trade of enslaved Africans until the late 19th century. During the Armenian genocide in 1915–1923, many Armenians were enslaved by Muslims in Ottoman Syria and Iraq, many of whom were liberated when the areas was conquered by the British during the first world war. Slavery was formally abolished in Syria by the French colonial authorities in 1931. Many members of the Afro-Syrian minority are descendants of the former slaves.

In the 21st century, Islamist extremists again practiced slavery in areas under their control in Syria and Iraq.

Red Sea slave trade
The Red Sea slave trade,  sometimes known as the Islamic slave trade, Arab slave trade, or Oriental slave trade, was a slave trade across the Red Sea trafficking Africans from Sub-Saharan Africa in the African continent to slavery in the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East from antiquity until the mid-20th century.

The Red Sea slave trade is known as one of the longest enduring slave trades in the world, as it is known to have existed from Ancient times until the 1960s, when slavery in Saudi Arabia and Yemen were finally abolished. When other slave trade routes were stopped, the Red Sea slave trade became internationally known as a slave trade center during the interwar period. After World War II, growing international pressure eventually resulted in its final official stop in the mid 20th-century.

The Red Sea, the Sahara, and the Indian Ocean were the three main routes by which East African slaves were transported to the Muslim world.
Dragan Lukač
Dragan Lukač (Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Лукач; born 1968) is a Bosnian Serb politician who served as Minister of Interior of Republika Srpska for the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats from 2014 to 2022. He is a former colonel of Police of Republika Srpska and commander of Special Brigade of Police and Sixth Detachment of Special Brigade of Police during the Bosnian War.

Special Anti-Terrorist Unit (Republika Srpska)
The Special Anti-Terrorist Unit of Ministry of Interior of Republika Srpska (Serbian: Specijalna antiteroristička jedinica Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srpske, SAJ; Serbian Cyrillic: Специјална антитерористичка јединица Министарства унутрашњих послова Републике Српске, САЈ) is a special police and security force unit of the Police of Republika Srpska, one of two autonomous entities that comprise Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Stan Struthers
Stan Struthers (born 1959) is a Manitoba politician and a former member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the New Democratic Party (NDP). He served in the legislature from his election in 1995 until his retirement in 2016, holding various cabinet positions in the governments of Gary Doer and Greg Selinger during his time in office. In February 2018, he apologized after five former colleagues brought allegations of inappropriate touching over many years.

Gary Doer
Gary Albert Doer OM (born 31 March 1948) is a former Canadian politician and diplomat from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He served as Canada's ambassador to the United States from 19 October 2009, to 3 March 2016. Doer previously served as the 20th premier of Manitoba from 1999 to 2009, leading a New Democratic Party government.

Since the end of his term as envoy to Washington, Doer has taken up a position as senior business advisor with the global law firm Dentons and was retained by the government of Alberta to lobby the Trump administration on the softwood lumber dispute. Doer is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue.
Diocalandra
Diocalandra is a genus of weevils in the subfamily Dryophthorinae and the monotypic tribe Diocalandrini.  Species are distributed mostly in Africa, Asia and Australia and includes the lesser or four-spotted coconut weevil.

Diocalandra frumenti
Diocalandra frumenti, commonly known as the palm weevil borer, the lesser coconut weevil, or four-spotted coconut weevil, is a species of weevil in the family Curculionidae. It occurs in Africa, Southern Asia and Northern Australia, and is a pest of coconut and other palm trees.
Tor Mail
Tor Mail was a Tor hidden service that went offline in August 2013 after an FBI raid on Freedom Hosting. The service allowed users to send and receive email anonymously to email addresses inside and outside the Tor network.

Tor (network)
Tor is a free overlay network for enabling anonymous communication. It is built on free and open-source software run by over seven thousand volunteer-operated relays worldwide, as well as by millions of users who route their internet traffic via random paths through these relays. This technique is called onion routing.

Using Tor makes it more difficult to trace a user's internet activity by preventing any single point on the internet (other than the user's device) from being able to view both where traffic originated from and where it is ultimately going to at the same time. This conceals a user's location and usage from anyone performing network surveillance or traffic analysis from any such point, protecting the user's freedom and ability to communicate confidentially.
History of the Jews in Cumberland, Maryland
The city of Cumberland, Maryland is home to a small and declining but historically significant Jewish community. The city is home to a single synagogue, B'er Chayim Temple, one of the oldest synagogues in the United States. Cumberland has had a Jewish presence since the early 1800s. The community was largest prior to the 1960s, but has declined in number over the decades. Historically, the Jewish community in Cumberland maintained several synagogues, a Jewish cemetery, and a Hebrew school. By 2019, Cumberland's Jewish community had its lowest population point since the early 1900s.

B'er Chayim Temple
B'er Chayim Temple (transliterated from Hebrew as "Well of Life", a metaphor in which Torah is likened to water) is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Cumberland, Maryland, in the United States. As of 2008, B'er Chayim counted approximately 50 families as members.

B'er Chayim is the oldest synagogue building in continuous use as a synagogue in Maryland and the sixth oldest in the United States.
Arkansas Highway 149
Highway 149 (AR 149, Ark. 149, and Hwy. 149) is a north–south state highway in northeast Arkansas. The route of about 41.28 miles (66.43 km) runs from Highway 38 in Hughes north across Interstate 40 (I-40) and I-555 to AR 140/AR 75/AR 14 in Marked Tree.

Arkansas Highway 38
Arkansas Highway 38 (AR 38) is a designation for three state highways in Arkansas. One segment of 50.2 miles (80.8 km) runs from Interstate 57 (I-57) in Cabot east to U.S. Route 49 (US 49) south of Hunter. A second segment of 21.47 miles (34.55 km) runs from I-40 north of Widener east to Highway 147 west of Horseshoe Lake. A third segment of 0.8 miles (1.3 km) runs in West Memphis from US 70 north to I-40. All routes are maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).
Danny Ozark
Daniel Leonard Ozark (born Orzechowski; November 26, 1923 – May 7, 2009) was an American professional coach and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB).

As manager of the Philadelphia Phillies, Ozark led the team to three consecutive National League East Division championships (1976–1978), but each year his team fell in the National League Championship Series. He was the fourth manager to reach the Championship Series (National League or American League) in three straight seasons and the first to lose all of them (Whitey Herzog would join him on the same day).

As a coach, he was a member of the World Series championship teams of the 1965 and 1981 Los Angeles Dodgers, under Hall of Fame managers Walter Alston and Tommy Lasorda.

Tommy Lasorda
Thomas Charles Lasorda (September 22, 1927 – January 7, 2021) was an American professional baseball pitcher and manager. He managed the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1976 through 1996. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a manager in 1997.

Lasorda played in MLB for the Dodgers in 1954 and 1955 and for the Kansas City Athletics in 1956. He coached for the Dodgers from 1973 through 1976 before taking over as manager. Lasorda won two World Series championships as manager of the Dodgers and was named the Manager of the Year of the National League (NL) twice. His uniform number 2 was retired by the Dodgers.
Pterobranchia mitochondrial code
The pterobranchia mitochondrial code (translation table 24) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of Rhabdopleura compacta (Pterobranchia). The Pterobranchia are one of the two groups in the Hemichordata which together with the Echinodermata and Chordata form the three major lineages of deuterostomes.  AUA translates to isoleucine in Rhabdopleura as it does in the Echinodermata and Enteropneusta while AUA encodes methionine in the Chordata. The assignment of AGG to lysine is not found elsewhere in deuterostome mitochondria but it occurs in some taxa of Arthropoda. This code shares with many other mitochondrial codes the reassignment of the UGA STOP to tryptophan, and AGG and AGA to an amino acid other than arginine.  The initiation codons in Rhabdopleura compacta are ATG and GTG.

Code 24 is very similar to the mitochondrial code 33 for the Pterobranchia.

Genetic code
Genetic code is a set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.

The codons specify which amino acid will be added next during protein biosynthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. The vast majority of genes are encoded with a single scheme (see the RNA codon table). That scheme is often called the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though variant codes (such as in mitochondria) exist.
Leonard F. Walentynowicz
Leonard Frederick Walentynowicz (1932–2005) was United States Assistant Secretary of State for Security and Consular Affairs from 1975 to 1977; a Republican lawyer and the long-time executive director of the Polish American Congress.

Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs
The assistant secretary of state for consular affairs is the head of the Bureau of Consular Affairs within the United States Department of State.  The assistant secretary of state for consular affairs reports to the under secretary of state for management.  From 1953 to 1977, the position was called Administrator of the Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs. The bureau is "responsible for the welfare and protection of U.S. citizens abroad, for the issuance of passports and other documentation to citizens and nationals, and for the protection of U.S. border security and the facilitation of legitimate travel to the United States" as described by the bureau's website.
Trevor Woodison
Trev Woodison (born 7 October 1964 in Stratford East London), also known as "Trev the Pianoman" is a British pianist, musician, and entertainer who regularly performs, preserves and promotes pub piano throughout the United Kingdom.

Piano bar
A piano bar (also known as a piano lounge) consists of a piano or electronic keyboard played by a professional musician as a central part of an establishment that also serves alcoholic drinks. Piano bars can be located in a cocktail lounge, bar, hotel lobby, office building lobby, restaurant, or on a cruise ship. Usually the pianist receives a small salary plus tips in a jar or basket on or near the piano, especially from patrons requesting a song. Such requests are often written on a beverage napkin. Some piano bars feature a baby grand or grand piano surrounded by stools for patrons (or, an upright piano or digital piano encased by a cabinet resembling a grand piano). Others have a bar surrounding the piano or keyboard.
M. Sasikumar
Sasikumar Mahalingam (born 28 September 1974) is an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter and playback singer. He worked as an assistant director for director Bala in Sethu (1999), also worked for director Ameer in his first two films Mounam Pesiyadhe   (2002) and Raam (2005).

He is best known in the Tamil film industry for his debut film Subramaniapuram (2008), which became a blockbuster. He has won several accolades including a National Film Award, two Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards, two Filmfare Awards South and one Tamil Nadu State Film Award.

Bala (director)
Bala  is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and film producer, working in Tamil cinema. Bala has been praised for "revolutionizing Tamil cinema" through his realistic, dark and disturbing depiction of the working class on celluloid screen. His films are known to be tragic and disturbing.
Oklahoma Health Care Authority
The Oklahoma Health Care Authority (OKHCA) is an agency of the government of Oklahoma responsible for providing health insurance benefits for the state's SoonerCare (Oklahoma Medicaid) members. The authority is the state-level counterpart to the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

The authority is led by a board of directors, composed of seven members appointed by the Governor of Oklahoma, the President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate, and the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The governor appoints the administrator of the authority, who serves as the chief executive officer of the authority, with the consent of the Senate. The administrator serves at the pleasure of the Governor.

The authority was created in 1993 during the term of Governor David Walters.

Government of Oklahoma
The government of the U.S. State of Oklahoma, established by the Oklahoma Constitution, is a republican democracy modeled after the federal government of the United States. The state government has three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial. Through a system of separation of powers or "checks and balances," each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches.

The state government is based in Oklahoma City and the head of the executive branch is the Governor of Oklahoma. The legislative branch is called the Legislature and consists of the Oklahoma Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The Oklahoma Supreme Court and the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals are the state's highest courts.
Biodiversity hypothesis of health
According to the biodiversity hypothesis, reduced contact of people with natural environment and biodiversity may adversely affect the human commensal microbiota and its immunomodulatory capacity. The hypothesis is based on the observation that two dominant socio-ecological trends – the loss of biodiversity and increasing incidence of inflammatory diseases – are interconnected.

Urbanization and fragmentation of habitats increasingly lead to loss of connection between human and natural environment. Furthermore, immunological non-communicable diseases have become increasingly common in recent decades especially in urbanized communities.

Microbiota
Microbiota are the range of microorganisms that may be commensal, mutualistic, or pathogenic found in and on all multicellular organisms, including plants. Microbiota include bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses, and have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis of their host.

The term microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or else the microbes themselves.

The microbiome and host emerged during evolution as a synergistic unit from epigenetics and genetic characteristics, sometimes collectively referred to as a holobiont. The presence of microbiota in human and other metazoan guts has been critical for understanding the co-evolution between metazoans and bacteria. Microbiota play key roles in the intestinal immune and metabolic responses via their fermentation product (short-chain fatty acid), acetate.
Y. Kasi Viswanath
Yanamadala Kasi Viswanath is an Indian actor and film director known for his work in Telugu cinema. He has worked as an assistant director, associate director, and co-director on over 25 films. Viswanath made his directorial debut with the romantic comedy Nuvvu Leka Nenu Lenu (2002), which became a blockbuster. He then directed Tholi Choopulone (2003), which marked the debut of Nandamuri Kalyan Ram. In 2008, he transitioned to acting with Nachavule, which became a breakthrough role, and since then, he has appeared in over 90 films.

Nandamuri Kalyan Ram
Nandamuri Kalyan Ram (born 5 July 1978) is an Indian actor and film producer who works in Telugu cinema. He is the son of actor-politician Nandamuri Harikrishna. Ram is best known for his roles in action films such as Athanokkade (2005), Hare Ram (2008), 118 (2019), and Bimbisara (2022). Ram is the chairperson of the production company N. T. R. Arts, named after his paternal grandfather N. T. Rama Rao.

He also owns "Advitha Creative Studios", a video effects company, which provided special effects for movies such as Legend, Nannaku Prematho and Krishnashtami.
Mitral valve replacement
Mitral valve replacement is a procedure whereby the diseased mitral valve of a patient's heart is replaced by either a mechanical or tissue (bioprosthetic) valve.

The mitral valve may need to be replaced because:

The valve is leaky (mitral valve regurgitation)

The valve is narrowed and doesn't open properly (mitral valve stenosis)

Causes of mitral valve disease include infection, calcification and inherited collagen disease. Current mitral valve replacement approaches include open heart surgery and minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS).

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.