hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shoor
Shoor Recitation (Persian: مداحی شور) is a modern form of Latmiya which originated in Iran in the 1990s and was created and popularized by Sayyid Javad Zakir. It is characterised by its relatively fast rhythm (~465ms), the presence of a second reciter (zaker) who recites the name "Husayn" or "Ali" repeatedly with the help of an audio mixer using the delay effect, serving as the beat (zikr), while the main reciter (maddah / radud) recites a Shoor Poem, Rajaz, and sometimes also recites zikr. The crowd also jump along with the rhythm, do different styles of chest beatings, put their hands up before the energetic part, and energise each other. In Iranian tradition, Shoor is always preceded by slower Latmiyah and Rozehkhani which itself is usually preceded by a speech done by an Islamic Scholar. Shoor recitations usually take place in Husayniyyahs with speakers turned up to extremely high volumes and bright red lights symbolising mourning.

Husayniyya
A husayniyya (Arabic: حسينية) is a building designed specifically for gatherings of Shia Muslims for spiritual practice, religious education and commemoration ceremonies, especially the Mourning of Muharram. The husayniyya is a multipurpose hall for the commemoration rituals of Shia and gets its name from Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad. They are referred to as Takya among Sunni Muslims and have common origin.
Dahlan Abdullah
Baginda Dahlan Abdullah (15 June 1895 – 12 May 1950) was an Indonesian educator, politician, and diplomat of Minangkabau descent who served as the first ambassador of the United States of Indonesia to the Kingdom of Iraq, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon.

Minangkabau people
The Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Bangso Minangkabau, Urang Minangkabau or Urang Awak, lit. 'our people', Jawi script: منڠكبو; Indonesian: Orang Minangkabau; Malay: Orang Minangkabau, Jawi script: أورڠ مينڠکاباو), Minangkabos, or simply Minang, are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Minangkabau Highlands of Western Sumatra region on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

The Minangkabau's West Sumatera homelands was the seat of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, believed by early historians to have been the cradle of the Malay race, and the location of the Padri War (1821 to 1837).

Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and the Netherlands.
Marine Pay Department (Royal Navy)
The Marine Pay Department was formed in 1755, and replaced the earlier Marine Pay Office that was established in 1702. It was responsible for processing marines' pay to the Royal Marine Divisions located at Chatham, Portsmouth, Plymouth and Woolwich. The department was initially administered by the Paymaster of the Marines whose title later changed to the Paymaster and Inspector General of Marines. In 1809 it absorbed the secretariat duties of the Marine Department. The department existed until 1831 as part of the Royal Marine Office when it was abolished and its duties transferred to the Navy Pay Office.

Navy Pay Office (Royal Navy)
The Navy Pay Office also known as the Navy Treasury  was established in 1546. The office was administered by the Treasurer of the Navy, and was semi-autonomous of the Navy Office. It existed until 1835 when all offices and accounting departments of the Royal Navy were unified into the Department of the Accountant-General of the Navy. The Navy Pay Office received money directly from HM Treasury.
Stalingrad station (Paris Métro)
Stalingrad (French: [stalinɡʁad] ⓘ) is a Paris Métro station on the border between the 10th arrondissement and 19th arrondissement at the intersection of Lines 2, 5 and 7, located at the Place de la Bataille-de-Stalingrad, which is named after the Battle of Stalingrad.

Paris Métro Line 2
Paris Métro Line 2 (French: Ligne 2 du métro de Paris) is one of the sixteen currently open lines of the Paris Métro. Situated almost entirely above the former customs barrier around the capital (Boulevards extérieurs), it runs in a semicircle in the north of Paris.

As its name suggests, Line 2 was the second line of the Métro network to open, with the first section put into service on 13 December 1900, as a branch of the Line 1. It adopted its current configuration on 2 April 1903, running between Porte Dauphine and Nation. There have been no changes in its layout since then.

At 12.3 km (7.6 mi) in length,: 12  it is the ninth-busiest line of the system, with 105.2 million riders in 2017. Slightly over 2 km (1.2 mi) of the line is built on an elevated viaduct with four aerial stations. In 1903, it was the location of the worst incident in the history of the Paris Métro, the fire at Couronnes.
Lancashire Spinners
The Lancashire Spinners are an English  basketball club from Whitefield, Greater Manchester.

The Spinners currently operates a Men's senior team in the National Basketball League, competing in Division 3 North, and a Women's senior team in the Women's National Basketball League.  The club have held England Basketball Clubmark accreditation since 2011, and also enter Women's and Junior teams in local competition.

Basketball England
Basketball England is the governing body for the sport of basketball in England. It is responsible for overseeing the development, promotion, and administration of basketball throughout England.

The organisation operates the National Basketball League, as well as the England men's national basketball team and England women's national basketball team.

The headquarters of the organisation is at the National Squash Centre in Manchester. It is a non-profit organisation.
Alexander Kokorinov
Alexander Filippovich Kokorinov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Фили́ппович Коко́ринов; 10 July 1726 – 21 March 1772) was a Russian architect and educator of Siberian origin, generally remembered for his role in establishing the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Peterburg, of which he was the official builder and then administrator from 1758 until his death. Kokorinov has been house architect of the Razumovsky family and Ivan Shuvalov, the founding president of the Academy. Kokorinov's surviving architectural legacy, once believed to be substantial, has been reduced by recent research to only two buildings, the Imperial Academy of Arts and Kirill Razumovsky palace in Saint Petersburg. The Academy was designed by Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe based on an earlier proposal by Jacques-François Blondel, while Kokorinov managed the construction in its early phases (1764–1772).

Kirill Razumovsky
Count Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky or Razumovski (also known as Cyril Razumovski; Russian: Кирилл Григорьевич Разумовский; Ukrainian: Кирило Григорович Розумовський, romanized: Kyrylo Hryhorovych Rozumovskyi; 29 March [O.S. 18 March] 1728 – 21 January [O.S. 9 January] 1803) was a Russian statesman of Ukrainian Cossack origin who served as the last hetman of the Zaporozhian Host on both sides of the Dnieper (from 1750 to 1764) and then as a General field marshal in the Imperial Russian Army. Razumovsky was also the president of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences from 1746 to 1798.
Duke Nukem: Manhattan Project
Duke Nukem: Manhattan Project is a platform game developed by Sunstorm Interactive, produced by 3D Realms, and published by Arush Entertainment. It was released on Windows on May 14, 2002, in North America and on June 14, 2002, in Europe. A port of the game would be released for the Xbox 360 on June 23, 2010, by 3D Realms directly, followed by an iOS port on January 9, 2014.

Duke Nukem (video game)
Duke Nukem is a 1991 platform game developed and published by Apogee Software for MS-DOS. The 2D, multidirectional scrolling game follows the  adventures of fictional character Duke Nukem across three episodes of ten levels each. The game's first episode was distributed as shareware. The name was briefly changed to Duke Nukum to avoid trademark issues.

Duke Nukem was followed by the similarly-styled Duke Nukem II, in 1993. The series made the jump to 3D graphics with Duke Nukem 3D in 1996, which became the most popular of the three games.
Bhaskar Chakravorti
Bhaskar Chakravorti (born November 4, 1959) is an economics scholar and consultant.  Since 2011 he has been the Dean of Global Business at The Fletcher School, Tufts University, and the executive director of Fletcher's Institute for Business in the Global Context (IBGC). He teaches innovation, entrepreneurship, and strategic management.

He previously worked as a consultant and partner at McKinsey & Company, and was a faculty member at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Harvard Business School, and Harvard University Center for the Environment. His early articles in Harvard Business Reviews on the impact of demonetization in India received criticism from the readers on his views. Some claimed his article proved prophetic as they believe because some warnings apparently came through and were served up as advice on what other countries should learn from what he claimed was failed demonetization in India.

Harvard Business Review
Harvard Business Review (HBR) is a general management magazine published by Harvard Business Publishing, a not-for-profit, independent corporation that is an affiliate of Harvard Business School. HBR is published six times a year and is headquartered in Brighton, Massachusetts.

HBR covers a wide range of topics that are relevant to various industries, management functions, and geographic locations. These include leadership, negotiation, strategy, operations, marketing, and finance. HBR has published articles by Clayton Christensen, Peter F. Drucker, Justin Fox, Michael E. Porter, Rosabeth Moss Kanter, John Hagel III, Thomas H. Davenport, Gary Hamel, C. K. Prahalad, Vijay Govindarajan, Robert S. Kaplan, Rita Gunther McGrath and others. Several management concepts and business terms were first given prominence in HBR.

HBR's worldwide English-language circulation is 250,000. HBR licenses its content for publication in nine international editions.
Colpitts oscillator
A Colpitts oscillator, invented in 1918 by Canadian-American engineer Edwin H. Colpitts using vacuum tubes, is one of a number of designs for LC oscillators, electronic oscillators that use a combination of inductors (L) and capacitors (C) to produce an oscillation at a certain frequency.  The distinguishing feature of the Colpitts oscillator is that the feedback for the active device is taken from a voltage divider made of two capacitors in series across the inductor.

Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled carefully when applied to feedback systems:

Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. As provided by Webster, feedback in business is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source.
Greenlane railway station
Greenlane railway station serves the Southern Line and Onehunga Line of the Auckland railway network. It was opened circa 1877. It has an island platform and is reached via a ramp from Green Lane East. It is the nearest station to Ellerslie Racecourse, Greenlane Clinical Centre (formerly known as Green Lane Hospital), ASB Showgrounds and Cornwall Park.

Southern Line (Auckland)
The Southern Line in Auckland, New Zealand, is the name given to suburban train services that operate between Waitematā and Pukekohe via Newmarket. Services are operated by Auckland One Rail under the Auckland Transport brand.
Tāmaki Bridge
The Tāmaki Bridge is a bridge along the Great South Road crossing the Tāmaki River in Auckland, New Zealand, connecting the suburbs of Ōtāhuhu and Papatoetoe. The first bridge opened in 1851, and was significantly widened in 1932.

Tāmaki River
The Tāmaki River or Tāmaki Estuary is mostly an estuarial arm and harbour of the Hauraki Gulf, within the city of Auckland in New Zealand. It extends south for 15 kilometres (9 mi) from its mouth between the suburb of Saint Heliers and the long thin peninsula of Bucklands Beach, which reaches its end at Musick Point. The inlet extends past the suburbs of Glendowie, Wai o Taiki Bay, Point England, Glen Innes, Tāmaki, Panmure, and Ōtāhuhu to the west, and Bucklands Beach, Half Moon Bay, Farm Cove, Sunnyhills and Pakuranga to the east.
Robin Söderling career statistics
This is a list of the main career statistics of Swedish professional tennis player, Robin Söderling. To date, Söderling has won ten ATP singles titles including one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2010 BNP Paribas Masters. He was also the runner-up at the French Open in 2009 and 2010 and a semi-finalist at the year-ending ATP World Tour Finals in 2009. Söderling achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 4 on November 15, 2010.

Söderling remained inactive from July 2011 until his retirement in December 2015. He initially sustained a wrist injury and was later diagnosed with mononucleosis.

2010 French Open
The 2010 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 109th edition of the French Open, and the second Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France, from 23 May through 6 June 2010.

Roger Federer and Svetlana Kuznetsova were the defending champions. Federer lost to Robin Söderling in the quarterfinals, while Kuznetsova lost to Maria Kirilenko in the third round.

The 2010 French Open also featured the return of four-time champion Justine Henin, who retired immediately before the 2008 French Open, where she was the 3-time defending champion.
Sphaerocarpales
Sphaerocarpales is an order of plants within the liverworts.  Approximately twenty species are in this order which is sub-divided into four families: Monocarpaceae, Sphaerocarpaceae and Riellaceae, as well as the extinct family Naiaditaceae. The inclusion of the Naiaditaceae is uncertain, and the family has sometimes been assigned to the Calobryales.

Sphaerocarpaceae
Sphaerocarpaceae is a family of liverworts known as bottle liverworts.  Approximately ten species are included in this family, most of them in the genus Sphaerocarpos, but one additional species in the genus Geothallus.
Ninḫinuna
Ninḫinuna or Ninḫenunna was a Mesopotamian goddess. She could be regarded as a servant deity or a deified instrument, specifically a harp or a lyre. She was associated with Inanna and Ninisina, as indicated by god lists and literary texts. She was worshiped in Old Babylonian Isin, as well as in Seleucid Uruk. However, in the latter city her introduction into the local pantheon might have been a late phenomenon reflecting the study of god lists, and she is absent from sources from the Neo-Babylonian period from the same location.

Lexical lists
The cuneiform lexical lists are a series of ancient Mesopotamian glossaries which preserve the semantics of Sumerograms, their phonetic value and their Akkadian or other language equivalents. They are the oldest literary texts from Mesopotamia and one of the most widespread genres in the ancient Near East. Wherever cuneiform tablets have been uncovered, inside Iraq or in the wider Middle East, these lists have been discovered.
John Dwyer (medicine)
John Michael Dwyer, AO (born 9 September 1939) is an Australian doctor, professor of medicine, and public health advocate.
He was originally a Professor of Medicine and Paediatrics, then Head of the Department of Clinical Immunology at Yale University. Returning to Australia, he became Head of the Department of Medicine and the Clinical Dean at the University of New South Wales and Director of Medicine at Sydney's Prince of Wales Hospital, the University's major teaching hospital, for over twenty years. In retirement he is an Emeritus Professor of Medicine of the University. He founded the Australian Health Care Reform Alliance, and was the founding president of the Friends of Science in Medicine until 2019. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for his service to public health.

Prince of Wales Hospital (Sydney)
The Prince of Wales Hospital is a 440-bed major public teaching hospital located in Sydney's  eastern suburb of Randwick, providing a full range of hospital services to the people of New South Wales, Australia. The hospital has strong ties to the adjacent University of New South Wales. The Prince of Wales Hospital shares the Randwick Hospitals' Campus site with the Sydney Children's Hospital and the Royal Hospital for Women, as well as the Prince of Wales Private Hospital.
Pervasive Coalition of Reformists
Pervasive Coalition of Reformists: The Second Step (Persian: ائتلاف فراگير اصلاح‌طلبان: گام دوم), named The List of Hope (Persian: لیست امید) by Mohammad Khatami, was the sole coalition and electoral list affiliated with the Iranian reform movement for the 2016 legislative election. The group also endorsed candidates for the 2016 Assembly of Experts election. Reformists backed a list of 236 candidates for the Parliament and 77 for the Assembly of Experts, even though many of them are not reformists but moderate-leaning figures.

The coalition includes Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front member groups, National Trust Party (close to Mehdi Karroubi), newly established Union of Islamic Iran People Party, Moderation and Development Party (close to Hassan Rouhani) and the principlist Followers of Velayat faction led by Ali Larijani.

Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front
The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front (Persian: شورای هماهنگی جبهه اصلاحات), also referred to as the Reformist Front Coordination Council or the Second of Khordad Front, is a political organization in Iran. It is the primary umbrella organization, coalition and council of political groups among the Iranian reformists. Since 2015, it is overseen by the Reformists' Supreme Council for Policy-making.
Peter Williams (rugby, born 1958)
Peter Nicholas Williams (born 14 December 1958) is an English-born former dual-code international rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played representative level rugby union for England and Lancashire, and at club level for Orrell R.U.F.C., as a Fly-half and representative level rugby league for Great Britain and Wales, and at club level for Salford, as a centre.

Orrell R.U.F.C.
Orrell Rugby Union Football Club is a rugby union club from Orrell in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester.

The club was founded in 1927, holding a place in the top-tier of rugby union from 1986 to 1997.
Franz Loogen
Franz Loogen (13 April 1919 – 3 September 2010) was a German cardiologist. He is a pioneer of cardiac catheterization and is considered the founding father of cardiology as an independent specialty of internal medicine in Germany. He held the first cardiology chair outside paediatrics in Germany and founded the so-called "Düsseldorf School of Cardiology", from which many full professors, chief physicians and practising cardiologists have emerged. He also looked after the Germany national football team at the 1954 World Cup as team doctor.

1954 FIFA World Cup
The 1954 FIFA World Cup was the fifth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football tournament for senior men's national teams of the nations affiliated to FIFA. It was held in Switzerland from 16 June to 4 July. Switzerland was selected as the host country in July 1946. At the tournament, several all-time records for goalscoring were set, including the highest average number of goals scored per game. The tournament was won by West Germany, who defeated tournament favourites Hungary 3–2 in the final for their first World Cup title. Uruguay, the defending champions, were eliminated by Hungary and would lose to Austria in the match for third place.

The highest scoring match of a men’s World Cup happened in the quarter-finals of this tournament, when Austria defeated hosts Switzerland 7–5. The 12 goals of that match have never been surpassed in a men’s World Cup since — the 2019 Women's World Cup saw the USA beat Thailand 13–0.
Sonnet 31
Sonnet 31 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is a sonnet within the Fair Youth sequence. Developing an idea introduced at the end of Sonnet 30, this poem figures the young man's superiority in terms of the possession of all the love the speaker has ever experienced.

Shakespeare's sonnets
William Shakespeare (c. 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) wrote sonnets on a variety of themes. When discussing or referring to Shakespeare's sonnets, it is almost always a reference to the 154 sonnets that were first published all together in a quarto in 1609. However, there are six additional sonnets that Shakespeare wrote and included in the plays Romeo and Juliet, Henry V and Love's Labour's Lost. There is also a partial sonnet found in the play Edward III.
Daylight saving time in Fiji
Daylight saving time in Fiji in 2009 started on 29 November and ended on 26 April 2010.

For the 2010-2011 summer, DST started on the fourth Sunday in October and ended on the last Sunday in March. and from 2022 third Sunday in November to third Sunday in January. In 2012, the end of DST was adjusted to be the fourth Sunday in January, and in 2014 the start of DST was adjusted to be the first Sunday in November. In 2021 the Fiji government announced that Fiji would not observe daylight saving time in 2021–22.

Fiji does not currently observe Daylight saving time, observing Fiji Time all year.

Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight savings time, daylight time (United States and Canada), or summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer so that darkness falls at a later clock time. The typical implementation of DST is to adjust clocks ahead of standard time by one hour in spring or late winter, and to set clocks back by one hour in the autumn (or fall in North American English, hence the mnemonic: "spring forward and fall back").

In many countries, the part of the year when DST is observed is much longer than the part aligned to standard time. The practice of DST was first tested in the early 20th century. Many countries, such as Russia and Mexico, have abandoned DST entirely.
Lorenzo Gavotti
Lorenzo Gavotti, C.R. (1595–1679) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Titular Archbishop of Rhodus (1670–1679), Apostolic Nuncio to Switzerland (1643–1646), and Bishop of Ventimiglia (1633–1653).

Apostolic Nunciature to Switzerland
The Apostolic Nunciature to Switzerland is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Switzerland. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio, with the rank of an ambassador. The nunciature is located in the capital of Bern.

The Apostolic Nuncio to Switzerland is usually also the Apostolic Nuncio to Liechtenstein upon his appointment to said nation.
El Piedrero
El Piedrero was a non-delimited territory of Ecuador situated between the provinces of Guayas and Cañar. It was incorporated into the Guayas Province by the decree issued by President Rafael Correa in 2017.

Guayas Province
Guayas (English: /ˈɡwɑːjəs/, Spanish: [ˈɡwaʝas] ⓘ) is a coastal province in Ecuador. It is bordered to the west by Manabí, Santa Elena, and the Pacific Ocean (as the Gulf of Guayaquil); to the east by Los Ríos, Bolívar, Chimborazo, Cañar, and Azuay; to the north by Los Ríos and Bolívar; and to the south by El Oro and the Pacific Ocean.

With a population of over 4 million people, it is the most populous province in Ecuador. In terms of area it is the seventh largest province in the country. The main port of Ecuador, Guayaquil, is located within the province.