hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moshe Sofer (II)
Moshe Sofer (II) (May 10, 1885 – June 12, 1944) (German; Moses Schreiber) was a prominent Orthodox Jewish (Charedi) Rabbi in the early 20th century. He was Dayan of Erlau, Hungary and author of a halachic responsa sefer named Yad Sofer.

He was the son of Rabbi Shimon Sofer (II) (Hisorerus Tshuva), grandson of Rabbi Avraham Shmuel Binyamin Sofer (Ksav Sofer) and great-grandson of Rabbi Moshe Sofer (Chasam Sofer).

He was the father of Rabbi Yochanan Sofer, the rebbe of Erlau until his death in 2016.

He was murdered at Auschwitz during the Holocaust.

Sifrei Kodesh
Sifrei Kodesh (Hebrew: ספרי קודש, lit. 'Holy books'), commonly referred to as sefarim (Hebrew: ספרים, lit. 'books'), or in its singular form, sefer, are books of Jewish religious literature and are viewed by religious Jews as sacred. These are generally works of Torah literature, i.e. Tanakh and all works that expound on it, including the Mishnah, Midrash (Halakha, Aggadah), Talmud, and all works of Musar, Hasidism, Kabbalah, or machshavah ("Jewish Thought"). Historically, sifrei kodesh were generally written in Hebrew with some in Judeo-Aramaic or Arabic, although in recent years, thousands of titles in other languages, most notably English, were published. An alternative spelling for 'sefarim' is seforim.
William Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen
Prince William Maurice of Nassau-Siegen (18/28 January 1649 – 23 January 1691Jul.), German: Wilhelm Moritz Fürst von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: Fürst zu Nassau, Graf zu Katzenelnbogen, Vianden, Diez, Limburg und Bronkhorst, Herr zu Beilstein, Stirum, Wisch, Borculo, Lichtenvoorde und Wildenborch, Erbbannerherr des Herzogtums Geldern und der Grafschaft Zutphen, was a count from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau. He served as an officer in the Dutch States Army. In 1664, he was elevated to the rank and title of prince. In 1679, he became Fürst of Nassau-Siegen, a part of the County of Nassau.

William Maurice is described as a man of integrity, but not a man of above-average talent.

Nassau-Siegen
Nassau-Siegen was a principality within the Holy Roman Empire that existed between 1303 and 1328, and again from 1606 to 1743.  From 1626 to 1734, it was subdivided into  Catholic and  Protestant parts.   Its capital was the city of Siegen, founded in 1224 and initially a condominium jointly owned by the archbishopric of Cologne and Nassau. It was located some 50 km east of Cologne, and it contained the modern localities of Freudenberg, Hilchenbach, Kreuztal, Siegen, and Wilnsdorf.
18th Space Defense Squadron
The 18th Space Defense Squadron (18 SDS) is a United States Space Force Space Domain Awareness unit located at Vandenberg Space Force Base, California. The 18th SDS is tasked with executing command and control of the space surveillance network (SSN), maintaining the resident space object (RSO) database and managing United States Space Command's space situational awareness (SSA) sharing program to United States, foreign government, commercial, and academic entities. The squadron also conducts advanced analysis, sensor optimization, conjunction assessment, human spaceflight support, reentry/break-up assessment, and launch analysis.

Vandenberg Space Force Base
Vandenberg Space Force Base (IATA: VBG, ICAO: KVBG, FAA LID: VBG), previously Vandenberg Air Force Base, is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from the Western Range, and also performs missile testing. The United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 30 serves as the host delta for the base, equivalent to an Air Force air base wing. In addition to its military space launch mission, Vandenberg Space Force Base also hosts space launches for civil and commercial space entities, such as NASA and SpaceX.
Joshi Nero
Joshi Nero, (née Helgesson; born 7 June 1993) is a Swedish retired figure skater. She is the 2014 Bavarian Open champion, 2011 Nebelhorn Trophy bronze medalist, and three-time Swedish national champion.

She and her sister Viktoria are the only siblings to finish together in the top 5 of a major championship as single skaters, a feat achieved during the 2015 European Championships.

2015 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2015 European Figure Skating Championships were held 26 January – 1 February 2015 in Stockholm, Sweden. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dancing.
Combleux
Combleux is a French commune located in the Loiret department in the Centre-Val de Loire region.

The commune is located within the perimeter of the Loire Valley inscribed on the World Heritage List of UNESCO. It is part of Orléans Métropole.

Orléans Métropole
Orléans Métropole (French pronunciation: [ɔʁleɑ̃ metʁɔpɔl]) is the métropole, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Orléans. It is located in the Loiret department, in the Centre-Val de Loire region, central France. It was created in April 2017, replacing the previous Communauté urbaine Orléans Métropole. Its area is 334.3 km2. Its population was 288,229 in 2019, of which 116,269 in Orléans proper.
Chayangtajo Assembly constituency
Chayangtajo is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh state in India.

It is part of East Kameng district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

East Kameng district
East Kameng district is one of districts of Arunachal Pradesh state in northeastern, India. It shares an international border with China in the north and district borders with West Kameng district to the west, Pakke-Kessang district to the south, Kurung Kumey district to the east, Papum Pare district to the southeast. Pakke-Kessang district was bifurcated from East Kameng district on 1 December 2018.
2026 California State Board of Equalization elections
The 2026 California State Board of Equalization elections will be taking place on November 3, 2026, to elect all four seats of the State Board of Equalization, with the non-partisan blanket primary election taking place on June 2, 2026.

California State Board of Equalization
The California State Board of Equalization (BOE) is a public agency charged with tax administration and fee collection in the state of California in the United States. The authorities of the Board attempt to ensure that counties fairly assess property taxes, collect excises taxes on alcoholic beverages, administer the insurance tax program, and other tax collection related activities.

The BOE is the only publicly elected tax commission in the United States. It is made up of four directly elected members, each representing a district for four-year terms, along with the State Controller, who is elected on a statewide basis, serving as the fifth member. Since the passage of Proposition 140 in 1990, board members are limited to two terms in office.

In June 2017, Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation stripping the Board of many of its powers, returning the agency to its original core responsibilities (originating in the State Constitution in 1879).
Dale baronets
The Dale Baronetcy, of West Lodge in the parish of Holy Trinity, Darlington, in the County of Durham, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 13 July 1895 for the industrialist David Dale. He was the grandson of the Scottish merchant and businessman David Dale.

The title became extinct on the death of the second Baronet in 1932.

Sir David Dale, 1st Baronet
Sir David Dale, 1st Baronet (1829–1906) was a British businessman, ironmaster and industrialist. For much of his business career associated with the companies largely controlled by the Pease family, he made his way in financial management and became a prominent figure in north-east England. From age 40 onwards, he was engaged in arbitration and labour issues, and received recognition with a baronetcy.
Harinagara Rural Municipality
Harinagar (Nepali: हरिनगर गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of six rural municipality located in Sunsari District of Koshi Province of Nepal. There are a total of 12 municipalities in Sunsari in which 6 are urban and 6 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (Nepal) Harinagar has an area of 52.29 square kilometres (20.19 mi2) and the total population of the municipality is 49845 as of Census of Nepal 2021.

Ramnagar Bhutaha, Gautampur, Harinagara, Basantapur and Ghuski which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (Nepal) replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 7 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Harinagara VDC.

Rural municipality (Nepal)
A gaunpalika (Nepali: गाउँपालिका, romanized: Gāum̐pālikā, lit. 'rural municipality' Nepali pronunciation: [ɡãũ̯palika]) is an administrative division in Nepal. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body. It is a sub-unit of a district. There are currently 481 rural municipalities.
Majma-ul-Uloom Al-Islamia
Majma-ul-Uloom Al-Islamia (MUI) is an educational board jointly established by Jamiat-ur-Rasheed and Jamia Binoria. It was founded on 10 May 2021. The board is officially approved by the Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

Jamia Binoria
Jamia Binoria Aalamia (Arabic: الجامعۃ البنوریۃ العالمیۃ) is an Islamic University in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

It is regarded as one of the most modern madrassas.

Noman Naeem is the chancellor of the seminary.
Andreas Spång
Andreas Christian Spång (born November 7, 1978) is a Swedish professional mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter who last competed in 2014. A professional competitor since 2008, he has competed for Bellator, the MFC, and Strikeforce.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
Groovy (horse)
Groovy (1983–2006) was an American Thoroughbred Champion sprint racehorse known for his love of jelly donuts. He is the only horse to break the 130 Beyer Speed Figure, accomplishing that milestone in his first two starts of 1987. In the Roseben Handicap at Belmont Racetrack, he earned a 131 rating, which he followed up with a 134 in the True North Handicap.

Bred in Texas by Marshall T. Robinson, Groovy was out of the mare Tinnitus and sired by 1976 Canadian Horse of the Year Norcliffe, who was a son of U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Buckpasser. Groovy was purchased at auction in February 1985 for $81,000 by Edith Libutti, the daughter of agent Ralph Libutti. Two months later, she sold the colt to New Jersey banker Theodore V. Kruckel.

Eclipse Award
The Eclipse Award is an American Thoroughbred horse racing award named after the 18th-century British racehorse and sire, Eclipse.

An Eclipse Award Trophy is presented to the winner in each division. The trophy is made by a few small selected American foundries with expertise in studio bronze casting. It is then mounted on the hand-crafted native Kentucky walnut base to comprise the Eclipse Award on which a brass plate recites the award winner.

The equivalent award in Australia is the Australian Thoroughbred racing awards, in Canada the Sovereign Awards, and in Europe, the Cartier Racing Awards.
Jerry Cronin (hurler)
Jeremiah "Jerry" Cronin (born 1957) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a goalkeeper for the Cork senior team.

Cronin joined the team during the 1977 championship and was a regular member of the extended panel until his retirement after the 1979 championship. During that time he won two All-Ireland medals and three Munster medals as a non-playing substitute. Cronin was also an All-Ireland and Munster medalist in the junior grade.

At club level Cronin was a four-time junior divisional championship medalist with Newmarket.

Munster Junior Hurling Championship
The Munster Junior Hurling Championship is a junior "knockout" competition in the game of Hurling played in the province of Munster in Ireland. The series of games is organised by the Munster Council.

The winners of the Munster Junior Hurling Championship each year progress to play the other provincial champions for a chance to win the All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship.

Generally, the stronger hurling counties have fielded their second teams in this competition. In recent years though, they have participated in the Munster Intermediate Hurling Championship instead. The competition has been suspended and is unlikely to be re-established. Between 1961 and 1973 Kerry represented Munster in the All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship. From 1974 to 1982 there was no Munster team nominated.
John Montgomery (pioneer)
Lieutenant Colonel John Montgomery (c. 1748–1794) was an American pioneer, soldier and politician west of the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia and Tennessee. One of the signers of the Fincastle Resolutions and one of the initial representatives for Montgomery County, Virginia in the Virginia House of Delegates during the American Revolutionary War, Montgomery also participated in the Illinois campaign of Brig.General George Rogers Clark and later founded the city of Clarksville, Tennessee before dying in an ambush while hunting.

Montgomery County, Virginia
Montgomery County is a county located in the Valley and Ridge area of the U.S. state of Virginia. As population in the area increased, Montgomery County was formed in 1777 from Fincastle County, which in turn had been taken from Botetourt County. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 99,721. Its county seat is Christiansburg, and Blacksburg is the largest town. Montgomery County is part of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area. It is dominated economically by the presence of Virginia Tech, Virginia's third largest public university, which is the county's largest employer.
Fédérale 1
The Championnat de France de rugby à XV de 1re division fédérale (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃pjɔna də fʁɑ̃s də ʁyɡbi a kɛ̃z də pʁəmjɛʁ divizjɔ̃ fedeʁal]), a.k.a. Fédérale 1 ([fedeʁal œ̃]), is a French rugby union club competition, it is the elite of amateur rugby in France. The competition has been organised by the Fédération Française de Rugby since 2000, when it replaced the B2 Group. The championship is contested between 48 teams and named in honor of the famous former FC Lourdes and French International player, Jean Prat.

French Rugby Federation
The French Rugby Federation (French: Fédération Française de Rugby, pronounced [fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz də ʁyɡbi]; FFR) is the governing body for rugby union in France. It is responsible for the French national team and the Ligue nationale de rugby that administers the country's professional leagues.
Wehrbauer
Wehrbauer (German pronunciation: [ˈveːɐ̯ˌbaʊ.ɐ], lit. 'defensive peasant'; pl. Wehrbauern) is a German term for settlers living on the marches of a realm who were tasked with holding back foreign invaders until the arrival of proper military reinforcements. In turn, they were granted special liberties. Wehrbauern in their settlements, known as Wehrsiedlungen (-en being the plural suffix), were mainly used on the eastern fringes of the Holy Roman Empire and later Austria-Hungary to slow attacks by the Ottoman Empire. This historic term was resurrected and used by the Nazis during the Second World War.

March (territory)
In medieval Europe, a march or mark was, in broad terms, any kind of borderland, as opposed to a state's "heartland". More specifically, a march was a border between realms or a neutral buffer zone under joint control of two states in which different laws might apply. In both of these senses, marches served a political purpose, such as providing warning of military incursions or regulating cross-border trade.

Marches gave rise to the titles marquess (masculine) or marchioness (feminine).
Selenaspidus articulatus
Selenaspidus articulatus is an armoured scale insect in the family Diaspididae, commonly known as the West Indian red scale. It is a polyphagous  species found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world as a pest species of Citrus and other fruit and ornamental trees.

Diaspididae
Diaspididae is the largest family of scale insects with over 2650 described species in around 400 genera. As with all scale insects, the female produces a waxy protective scale beneath which it feeds on its host plant. Diaspidid scales are far more substantial than those of most other families, incorporating the exuviae from the first two nymphal instars and sometimes faecal matter and fragments of the host plant. These can be complex and extremely waterproof structures rather resembling a suit of armor. For this reason these insects are commonly referred to as armored scale insects. As it is so robust and firmly attached to the host plant, the scale often persists long after the insect has died.

Some African Diaspididae are attended by ants of genus Melissotarsus. The ants appear to consume the armored scales because Diaspididae are completely naked when ant-attended; the ant nest itself remains completely hidden under the bark of the tree.
Supersymmetry nonrenormalization theorems
In theoretical physics a nonrenormalization theorem is a limitation on how a certain quantity in the classical description of a quantum field theory may be modified by renormalization in the full quantum theory.  Renormalization theorems are common in theories with a sufficient amount of supersymmetry, usually at least 4 supercharges.

Perhaps the first nonrenormalization theorem was introduced by Marcus T. Grisaru, Martin Rocek and Warren Siegel in their 1979 paper Improved methods for supergraphs.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Scott Chipperfield
Scott Kenneth Chipperfield (born 30 December 1975) is an Australian former soccer player who played as a midfielder for Wollongong Wolves, FC Basel, FC Aesch and the Australia national soccer team. His 2010 FIFA World Cup profile describes him "as a talented attacker with great physical ability and an eye for goal." He is also known for his versatility in playing in both right and left midfield and as a left sided defender.

FC Basel
Fussball Club Basel 1893, widely known as FC Basel, FCB, or just Basel, is a Swiss professional football club based in Basel, in the Canton of Basel-Stadt. Formed in 1893, the club has been Swiss national champions 21 times, Swiss Cup winners 14 times, and Swiss League Cup winners once.

Basel competed in UEFA competitions for 25 consecutive seasons between 1999–2000 and 2023–2024. They have qualified for the group stage of the Champions League more times than any other Swiss club – a total of seven times – and are the only Swiss club to have ever qualified to the said phase directly. In 2021, they set the new record for a Swiss team with the most successful international group stage campaign by reaching 14 points in their Europa Conference League group. Since 2001, the club has played its home games at St. Jakob-Park, built on the site of their previous home, St. Jakob Stadium. Their home colours are red and blue, leading to a nickname of RotBlau.
SEAL Awards
SEAL Awards are an environmental advocacy organization that uses annual awards for businesses and journalists to support environmental initiatives and to fund grants in the field of policy research. The name is an acronym for sustainability, environmental achievement, and leadership. The Awards were created in 2017 by businessman Matt Harney.

Environmental policy
Environmental policy is the pledge by governments or organizations to adopt laws, regulations, and other policy tools aimed at addressing environmental issues. These typically involve air and water pollution, waste management, ecosystem protection, biodiversity conservation, management of natural resources, and safeguarding wildlife and endangered species
For example, concerning environmental policy, the implementation of an eco-energy-oriented policy at a global level to address the issue of climate change could be addressed.

Policies concerning energy or regulation of toxic substances including pesticides and many types of industrial waste are part of the topic of environmental policy. This policy can be deliberately taken to influence human activities and thereby prevent undesirable effects on the biophysical environment and natural resources, as well as to make sure that changes in the environment do not have unacceptable effects on humans.
GWR 2021 Class
The GWR 2021 Class was a class of 140 0-6-0ST steam locomotives.  They were built at the Wolverhampton railway works of the Great Western Railway between 1897 and 1905. 1897 was the very year of George Armstrong's retirement, so it is uncertain if the design should be attributed to him or to his superior at Swindon, William Dean.

In fact the 2021s were simple enlargements of the Armstrong-designed 850 class of 1874.  The changes were fundamentally confined to a longer wheelbase to permit fitting of a larger firebox.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.