hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Structuralism in Literature
Structuralism in Literature: An Introduction is a nonfiction book by literary critic and theorist Robert Scholes. The book discusses how to apply structuralism to literature. The book was originally published by Yale University Press in 1974.

Structuralism
Structuralism is an intellectual current and methodological approach, primarily in the social sciences, that interprets elements of human culture by way of their relationship to a broader system. It works to uncover the structural patterns that underlie all things that humans do, think, perceive, and feel.

Alternatively, as summarized by philosopher Simon Blackburn, structuralism is:

"The belief that phenomena of human life are not intelligible except through their interrelations. These relations constitute a structure, and behind local variations in the surface phenomena there are constant laws of abstract structure."
Antony Thekkek
Antony Thekkek, better known as Thampy Antony, is an Indian-American film actor, writer, activist and producer. He is the elder brother of Malayalam actor Babu Antony. As a writer he has published books in Malayalam and English. He is the author of several books such as Koonampara County, Life of Ouso, Lady Biker and Vasco da Gama. As an actor, he is active primarily in Malayalam cinema.  He has won Basheer-Amma Malayalam Award for his book Vasco da Gama.

Babu Antony
Babu Antony (born 22 February) is an Indian-American actor and martial artist, who works primarily in Malayalam cinema. He has also acted in several Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Sinhalese, Hindi and English films. He started his career doing antagonistic roles and progressed to supporting and leading roles as well. Babu owns a mixed martial art academy in Houston.

He made his debut in Bharathan's Chilampu (1986). His career highlights include Vaishali (1988), Aparahnam (1991) and Uppukandam Brothers (1993).
SS Superior City
SS Superior City was considered a pioneer vessel at her launching in 1898.  She was the largest vessel ever built on freshwater at that time. She sailed the Great Lakes for twenty-two years until she sank after a collision in 1920 with the steamer Willis L. King in Whitefish Bay of Lake Superior that resulted in the loss of 29 lives.  Controversy was immediate over the collision.  It was subsequently ruled that the captains of both ships failed to follow the "rules-of-the-road." Controversy started again in 1988 when the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society produced a video called "Graveyard of the Great Lakes" that included extensive footage of the skeletons of the Superior City crew. The controversy continued as late as 1996 over artifacts removed from her wreck. She is now a protected shipwreck in the Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve.

Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve
The Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve was established in 1987 to protect and conserve shipwrecks and historical resources on 376 square miles (970 km2) of Lake Superior bottomlands in Whitefish Bay and around Whitefish Point, Michigan.  The formation of the Michigan Underwater Preserves helped stop controversy over artifact removal from shipwrecks of this area.  The preserve is now known for deep, well preserved shipwrecks in clear water accessible to scuba divers with technical skill and experience.  The preserve is one of the last places in the Great Lakes to observe shipwrecks without zebra mussel encrustation.
John Vlahos
John Vlahos (December 26, 1917 – April 8, 2004) was an American screenwriter.

Along with his contemporaries, Horton Foote, Reginald Rose, and Rod Serling, he was one of the leading screenwriters of the 1950s and 1960s, writing for television series, including The Philco Television Playhouse, Studio One, Robert Montgomery Presents, Goodyear Television Playhouse, The United States Steel Hour, Climax!, Playhouse 90, The Alcoa Hour, Boris Karloff's Thriller, Route 66, The Defenders, The Nurses, Doctor Kildare, and Marcus Welby, M.D..

His credits include seventeen film screenplays, seventy radio scripts, fifty-two network television live and film dramas, and more than two hundred episodes for various daytime shows.

Reginald Rose
Reginald Rose (December 10, 1920 – April 19, 2002) was an American playwright and screenwriter. He wrote about controversial social and political issues. His realistic approach was particularly influential in the anthology programs of the 1950s.

Rose was born and raised in Manhattan. He was best known for his courtroom drama Twelve Angry Men, exploring the members of a jury in a murder trial. It was adapted for a film of the same name, directed by Sidney Lumet and released in 1957.
Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020
The Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, officially designated as Republic Act No. 11479, is a counter-terrorism law intended to prevent, prohibit, and penalize terrorism in the Philippines. The law was passed by the 18th Congress and signed by President Rodrigo Duterte on July 3, 2020, effectively replacing the Human Security Act of 2007 on July 18, 2020.

A total of 37 petitions were filed before the Supreme Court of the Philippines challenging the law's constitutionality, making it the most assailed piece of legislation in Philippine history. On December 9, 2021, the Court announced that apart from two unconstitutional portions of the law, all other challenged provisions thereof are declared not unconstitutional.

Human Security Act
The Human Security Act of 2007, officially designated as Republic Act No. 9372, was a Philippine law that took effect on July 20, 2007. The law, which was watered-down after opposition from some politicians and rights groups feared the legislation would endanger human rights, was aimed at tackling militants, particularly the Abu Sayyaf, in the southern Philippines.

The law defines terrorism a crime of "caus[ing] widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among the populace" and allows authorities to arrest terror suspects without warrants and temporarily detain them without charges for a maximum of three days. Under the law, detained terrorists are entitled to see a lawyer, a priest, a doctor, or family members.
Split interval
In topology, the split interval, or double arrow space, is a topological space that results from splitting each point in a closed interval into two adjacent points and giving the resulting ordered set the order topology.  It satisfies various interesting properties and serves as a useful counterexample in general topology.

Order topology
In mathematics, an order topology is a specific topology that can be defined on any totally ordered set.  It is a natural generalization of the topology of the real numbers to arbitrary totally ordered sets.

If X is a totally ordered set, the order topology on X is generated by the subbase of "open rays"

for all a, b in X. Provided X has at least two elements, this is equivalent to saying that the open intervals

together with the above rays form a base for the order topology. The open sets in X are the sets that are a union of (possibly infinitely many) such open intervals and rays.

A topological space X is called orderable or linearly orderable if there exists a total order on its elements such that the order topology induced by that order and the given topology on X coincide. The order topology makes X into a completely normal Hausdorff space.

The standard topologies on R, Q, Z, and N are the order topologies.
Google Cloud Storage
Google Cloud Storage is an online file storage web service for storing and accessing data on Google Cloud Platform infrastructure. The service combines the performance and scalability of Google's cloud with advanced security and sharing capabilities. It is an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), comparable to Amazon S3. Contrary to Google Drive and according to different service specifications, Google Cloud Storage appears to be more suitable for enterprises.

Amazon S3
Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) is a service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that provides object storage through a web service interface. Amazon S3 uses the same scalable storage infrastructure that Amazon.com uses to run its e-commerce network. Amazon S3 can store any type of object, which allows uses like storage for Internet applications, backups, disaster recovery, data archives, data lakes for analytics, and hybrid cloud storage. AWS launched Amazon S3 in the United States on March 14, 2006, then in Europe in November 2007.
Six Battery Road
Six Battery Road, formerly the Standard Chartered Bank Building, is a high-rise skyscraper located in the central business district of Singapore.

It is located at 6 Battery Road, in Raffles Place. The tower is located adjacent to the Bank of China Building and faces the Singapore River.

It is a class-A office building and houses the offices of several multi-national companies. The development had a net floor area of 46,060 m2 (495,800 sq ft), as of 30 June 2007, and has direct access to Raffles Place MRT station.

At its completion, it was the largest building for the Standard Chartered Bank worldwide and also represented the largest single investment by a British company. The building is on a 999-year leasehold.

Raffles Place
Raffles Place is the centre of the Financial District of Singapore and is located south of the mouth of the Singapore River. It was first planned and developed in the 1820s as Commercial Square to serve as the hub of the commercial zone of Singapore in Raffles Town Plan. It was renamed Raffles Place in 1858 and is now the site of a number of major banks. It is located in the Downtown Core within the Central Area, and features some of the tallest buildings and landmarks of the country.
Ukrainian-African Renaissance
The Ukrainian-African Renaissance is the conventional name given to Ukraine's political and diplomatic efforts to establish relations with African states, starting in 2022. The term was first used by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba, in October 2022.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство закордонних справ України, romanized: Ministerstvo zakordonnych sprav Ukrainy, IPA: [min⁽ʲ⁾iˈstɛrstwo zɐkorˈdɔnːɪx ˈsprɑu̯ ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) is the ministry of the Ukrainian government that oversees the foreign relations of Ukraine. The head of the ministry is the minister of foreign affairs.
Ishikari Province
Ishikari Province (石狩国, Ishikari no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [i.ɕi̥.ka.ɾʲi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a short-lived province located in Hokkaidō.  It corresponded to modern-day Ishikari Subprefecture minus Chitose and Eniwa, all of Sorachi Subprefecture and the southern half of Kamikawa Subprefecture excluding Shimukappu

Ishikari Subprefecture
Ishikari Subprefecture (石狩振興局, Ishikari-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, located in the western part of the island. The subprefecture covers 3,539.86 square kilometres (1,366.75 sq mi) and on July 31, 2023 had a population of 2,379,802. The subprefecture takes its name from the Ishikari River, the third longest in Japan, which flows through western Hokkaido and empties into the Sea of Japan in the city of Ishikari. There are 6 cities, three towns, and one village under its jurisdiction. Sapporo is both the capital of Hokkaido Prefecture and Ishikari Subprefecture. Shikotsu-Toya National Park is located in the southern part of the subprefecture, and Shokanbetsu-Teuri-Yagishiri Quasi-National Park in the north.
Levante Offensive
The Levante Offensive, launched near the end of March 1938, was an attempt by Nationalist forces under Francisco Franco to capture the Republican held city of Valencia during the Spanish Civil War. The Nationalists occupied the province of Castellón, but the offensive failed due to bad weather and the dogged resistance of the Republican troops at the XYZ defensive line.

Province of Castellón
Castellón (Spanish: Provincia de Castellón [kasteˈʎon]); Valencian: Província de Castelló [kasteˈʎo]) is a province in the northern part of the Valencian Community. It is bordered by the provinces of Valencia to the south, Teruel to the west, Tarragona to the north, and by the Mediterranean Sea to the east. The western side of the province is in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area. It has a population of 627,620.
Senadores de Caracas
The Senadores de Caracas (English: Caracas Senators) are a Venezuelan professional baseball team competing in the Venezuelan Major League. Based in Caracas, the team plays its home games at Estadio Universitario. Established in 2021 as one of the charter members of the Venezuelan Major League, the Senadores have won three league titles in 2021, 2022 and 2024, making them the winningest team in the history of the league.

Venezuelan Major League
The Venezuelan Major League, officially the Major League of Professional Baseball (Spanish: Liga Mayor de Béisbol Profesional or LMBP) is a professional baseball league in Venezuela. Unlike the top-level Venezuelan Professional Baseball League, which plays a winter league schedule, the LMBP is played during the summer. It is the first summer baseball league in Venezuela since the Venezuelan Summer League and Bolivarian League ceased operations in 2015 and 2019, respectively.
Victor, Colorado
The City of Victor is a Statutory City in Teller County, Colorado, United States. Gold was discovered in Victor in the late 19th century, an omen of the future of the town. With Cripple Creek, the mining district became the second largest gold mining district in the country and realized approximately $10 billion of mined gold in 2010 dollars. It reached its peak around the turn of the century when there were about 18,000 residents in the town. Depleted ore in mines, labor strife and the exodus of miners during World War I caused a steep decline in the city's economy, from which it has never recovered. The population was 379 at the 2020 census. There is a resumed mining effort on Battle Mountain.

Cripple Creek, Colorado
Cripple Creek is the statutory city that is the county seat of Teller County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 1,155 at the 2020 United States census. Cripple Creek is a former gold mining camp located 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Colorado Springs near the base of Pikes Peak. The Cripple Creek Historic District, which received National Historic Landmark status in 1961, includes all of the city and the surrounding area. The city is now a part of the Colorado Springs, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.
Environment Directorates
The Scottish Government Rural Affairs, Environment and Services Directorates were a group of  civil service Directorates in the Scottish Government until a December 2010 re-organisation.

The Environment Directorates reported to the Director-General, Paul Gray.

A general concordat, drawn up in 1999, set out agreed frameworks for co-operation between the Environment Directorates and the United Kingdom government Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and there is another specifically on the subject of genetically modified organisms.

After December 2010 many of the department's responsibilities became those of the Enterprise, Environment and Digital Directorates.    This changed again to the Enterprise, Environment and Innovation Directorates after a June 2014 rebranding.

Economy Directorates
The Scottish Government Economy Directorates (Scottish Gaelic: Buidheann-stiùiridh Eaconamas) are a group of Directorates of the Scottish Government. They were rebranded as the Economy Directorates in July 2016, having previously been reorganised in December 2010 and then in June 2014. In July 2021, a further re-organisation led to the creation of the Net Zero Directorates, with Agriculture & Rural Economy, Marine Scotland, Energy & Climate Change, Environment & Forestry, Transport Scotland, Forestry and Land Scotland and Scottish Forestry moving to the new Directorate General.

The individual Directorates within the DG (Director-General) Economy family (the Economy Directorates) report to the Director-General, Gregor Irwin.
Kōnan Railway Kuroishi Line
The Kuroishi Line (黒石線, Kuroishi-sen) was a rail line of a Japanese minor private railway, Kōnan Railway in Aomori Prefecture, from Kawabe Station in Inakadate to Kuroishi Station in Kuroishi. Originally the line was opened as Kuroishi Light railway (黒石軽便線, Kuroishi-keiben-sen) in 1912, merged to Kōnan Railway in 1984, and closed in 1998.

Kōnan Railway Kōnan Line
The Kōnan Line (弘南線, Kōnan-sen) is a railway route operated by the Japanese private railway operator Kōnan Railway in Aomori Prefecture, from Hirosaki Station in Hirosaki to Kuroishi Station in Kuroishi.
2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Taraba State
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Taraba State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Taraba State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

2023 Nigerian Senate election
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections were held on 25 February 2023 in all 109 senatorial districts where voters elected senators using first-past-the-post voting. The last regular senatorial elections for all districts were in 2019.

Other federal elections, including the elections to the House of Representatives and the presidential election, were also held on the same date while state elections was held two weeks afterwards on 11 March. The winners of these Senate elections will serve beginning in the 10th Nigerian National Assembly. The APC have held a majority in the Senate since the 2015 elections and solidified that majority in 2019.

As of May 2023, the APC had retained its 59 seats, while the PDP had lost 3 for a total of 37. The Labour Party won seats in its own name for the first time, taking 7 mandates, while smaller parties, such as the NNPP and Social Democratic Party, took a total of 5. One seat has not yet been called.
Flag of Mengjiang
The flag used by the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government consists of a horizontal colour pattern of yellow, blue, white, red, white, blue and again yellow.

The colors on the flag were used to represent major ethnic groups in Mengjiang: blue for the Mongols; red for the Japanese; yellow for the Han and white for the "Hui" (the name given to the Muslims at that time).

South Chahar, North Shanxi and the Mongol Military Government each had their respective flags before merged with the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government.

Flag of the Mongol Military Government and Mongol United Autonomous Government

Flag of the South Chahar Autonomous Government (1938-1939)

Flag of the North Shanxi Autonomous Government (1938-1939)

The colors on the flag of Mengjiang is similar to the Five Races Under One Union flag formerly used by the Republic of China. The flag is also similar in both colour and pattern to the flag used by the Young China Party.

South Chahar Autonomous Government
The South Chahar Autonomous Government was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, as well as an administratively autonomous component of Mengjiang from its creation in 1937 to its complete merger in 1939. Following the Japanese invasion of China in July 1937, regional governments were established in Japanese-occupied territories. After Operation Chahar in September 1937, which extended Japanese control to northern Shanxi region, more formal control of the area was established through the creation of the North Shanxi Autonomous Government, as well as the South Chahar Autonomous Government to the east of Shanxi.
Rome Classic
The Rome Classic was a women's professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour that took place at the Olgiata Golf Club in Rome, Italy.

The tournament was held in April and served as the season opening tournament for three years, between 1989 and 1991.

In 1991, it was one of a record three LET tournaments in Italy that season, as the Woolmark Ladies Match Play Championship was held near Lake Como and the national open near Venice.

Ladies Italian Open
The Ladies Italian Open (Italian: Open d'Italia Femminile) is a professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour held in Italy since 1987.

After a six-year hiatus, the tournament returned to the LET schedule in 2021. In 2024, it moved to Golf Nazionale near Rome.
Swindon 105.5
Swindon 105.5 is a community non-for-profit radio station based in Swindon, England, launched in March 2008. The station manager is former BBC Wiltshire Sound, GWR FM and Swindon Viewpoint presenter, Shirley Ludford. Aside from Shirley being paid part-time, the station is run entirely by volunteers. Shirley also dedicates many voluntary hours each week.  The station obtains its funding from grants, donations, fundraising events, training courses and limited on-air sponsorship.

The station has received numerous awards for its programmes and general service to the community of Swindon. It was presented the Queen's Award for Voluntary Service by Prince Edward, the Duke of Kent in October 2014, the highest award available to a voluntary group. Patrons of the service include Lord Joel Joffe (now deceased), Whoopi Goldberg, Simon May and Boyzone's Shane Lynch.

BBC Radio Wiltshire
BBC Radio Wiltshire is the BBC's local radio station serving the English county of Wiltshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios at Prospect Place in Swindon.

According to RAJAR, the station had a weekly audience of 89,000 and a 6.2% share as of December 2023.
Jean-Christophe Lagarde
Jean-Christophe Lagarde (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ kʁistɔf laɡaʁd]; born 24 October 1967) is a French politician serving as president of the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) since 2014. He succeeded Jean-Louis Borloo after a short interim by Yves Jégo. Lagarde has been the member of the National Assembly for the fifth constituency of Seine-Saint-Denis from 2002 to 2022.

Jean-Louis Borloo
Jean-Louis Marie Borloo (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃lwi maʁi bɔʁlo]; born 7 April 1951) is a French politician and lawyer who served as the inaugural president of the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) from 2012 to 2014. In government, he was Minister Delegate for the City and Urban Renewal from 2002 to 2004 and Minister of Employment, Social Cohesion and Housing from 2004 to 2007 under President Jacques Chirac, and Minister of the Economy, Finance and Employment in 2007 and Minister of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and the Sea from 2007 until 2010 under President Nicolas Sarkozy.
Rockcliffe–Smythe
Rockcliffe–Smythe is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was developed after World War II as part of the urbanization of the former suburb of York Township. It is in Ward 5 (York-South Weston) in the City of Toronto.

As with many neighbourhoods defined by the city, there are often more traditional names for pockets of the city. Directly north-east of Jane Street and St. Clair West is an area called Syme, named after George Syme Reeve of York West. Further to the east (beyond Hilldale road) is another pocket called Harwood.  Harwood is bordered by creek in almost all directions.

York, Ontario
York is a district and former city within Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located northwest of Old Toronto, southwest of North York and east of the Humber River.

Originally formed as York Township, it encompassed the southern section of York County. It was split several times, creating East York and North York. In 1953, it became part of the Metropolitan Toronto federation. It absorbed several municipalities, including Lambton Mills and Weston and was eventually known as the City of York. In 1998, it was dissolved along with Metro Toronto and its constituent municipalities, amalgamated to form the current City of Toronto.

Today, the area is integrated into the multicultural mosaic of Toronto. The area is home today to several ethnic enclaves such as Portuguese, Jamaican and Latin American neighbourhoods.