hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vincent E. Boles
Vincent E. Boles (born December 31, 1954) is a retired major general in the United States Army and served as the 33rd Chief of Ordnance and Commandant of the U.S. Army Ordnance School at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland.

Aberdeen Proving Ground
Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) is a U.S. Army facility located adjacent to Aberdeen, Maryland, United States. More than 7,500 civilians and 5,000 military personnel work at APG. There are 11 major commands among the tenant units, including:

United States Army Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM)

United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM)

United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC)

Edgewood Arsenal

Adelphi Laboratory Center
The Army Reserve Information Operations Command
Unified Cross Domain Services Management Office
HQ, U.S. Army Contracting Command (Army Contracting Command –APG, Adelphi Contracting Division)
U.S. Army 93rd Signal Network - Network Enterprise Center
Logistics Readiness Center
U.S. Army Cyber Operation Group – 335th Signal Command
Blossom Point Research Facility
Dehu Road railway station
Dehu Road railway station is a suburban railway station of Pune Suburban Railway. It is on the Mumbai–Pune railway route. It is owned by central railways department of Indian Railways. It has five platforms, six lines and one footbridge. This station was built for access to Dehu Road Cantonment. Today also this station is used for Indian Army.

Pune Suburban Railway
Pune Suburban Railway (Marathi: पुणे उपनगरीय रेल्वे), also known as Pune Local, is a suburban rail system connecting Pune to its suburbs and neighboring villages in Pune District, Maharashtra. It is operated by Central Railway (CR), part of Indian Railways. The system operates on two routes, Pune Junction–Lonavala and its part Shivaji Nagar–Talegaon. 17 trains operate on Pune Junction–Lonavala route and 4 trains operate on Shivaji Nagar–Talegaon route. Also, DEMU trains operate on Pune Junction–Daund–Baramati route.
Sum rules (quantum field theory)
In quantum field theory, a sum rule is a relation between a static quantity and an integral over a dynamical quantity. Therefore, they have a form such as:

where  is the dynamical quantity, for example a structure function characterizing a particle, and  is the static quantity, for example the mass or the charge of that particle.

Quantum field theory sum rules should not be confused with sum rules in quantum chromodynamics or quantum mechanics.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Raymond C. and Mildred Kramer House
The Raymond C. and Mildred Kramer House is an early Modern–style townhouse at 32 East 74th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, New York, U.S. Developed from 1934 to 1935, the house was designed by William Lescaze for the merchant Raymond C. Kramer and his wife Mildred. After Mildred's death in 1969, the building was used as the Madagascar government's mission to the United Nations. The house was sold in 2015 and renovated, after which it was placed on sale again.

The townhouse is stylistically similar to the Lescaze House and Morris B. Sanders Apartment in Midtown Manhattan. Its facade is composed of glass blocks and frosted glass casement windows, white stucco,  blue-enameled steel panels, a projecting marquee, and a curved, inset front entrance. The house has 6,800 square feet (630 m2) of interior space. While the facade has been preserved over the years, the interior has been extensively modified.

Politics of Madagascar
The politics of Madagascar take place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament, which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Salisbury North, South Australia
Salisbury North is a suburb in the City of Salisbury, part of the greater Adelaide conurbation in South Australia. It was built by the South Australian Housing Trust on a greenfield site in the early 1950s, mainly to house employees of the nearby Long Range Weapons Establishment. It is bounded on the north by the Adelaide–Port Augusta railway line; on the east by the Gawler railway line; on the south by the Little Para River and Waterloo Corner Road; and on the west by Bolivar Road.

Adelaide–Port Augusta railway line
The Adelaide–Port Augusta railway line is the main route for northbound rail traffic out of Adelaide, South Australia. The line, 315 kilometres (196 miles) long, is part of the Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor and the Sydney–Perth rail corridor. Before the route was converted to 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge in 1982, the two cities were connected by 1600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge and 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge (until 1937); and broad and standard gauge (subsequently).

One Rail Australia, Pacific National and SCT Logistics operate freight services on the line; the sole passenger service is Journey Beyond's experiential tourism trains The Ghan and Indian Pacific.

SCT Logistics' Penfield intermodal terminal is connected to a siding south of the Northern Expressway and the Bolivar crossing loop.
American Action Network
The American Action Network (AAN) is a nonprofit, conservative issue advocacy group based in Washington, D.C., aligned with the Republican Party. It was established in 2010 by Fred Malek and Norm Coleman as a 501(c)(4) organization.

The AAN's sister organization, the American Action Forum, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization focusing on policy research. The American Action Forum is run by former Congressional Budget Office director Doug Holtz-Eakin. AAN officials also run the Congressional Leadership Fund, a super PAC (independent expenditure PAC) focused on electing a House Republican majority.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Sti Sithole
Sithembiso Mfundo Siphesihle 'Sti' Sithole (born 31 March 1993 in Durban, South Africa) is a South African rugby union player for the Stormers in United Rugby Championship, Western Province in the Currie Cup . His regular position is loosehead prop.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Szynczyce
Szynczyce [ʂɨnˈt͡ʂɨt͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnocin, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Czarnocin, 21 km (13 mi) north of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 26 km (16 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
Buchli drive
The Buchli drive is a transmission system used in electric locomotives. It was named after its inventor, Swiss engineer Jakob Buchli. The drive is a fully spring-loaded drive, in which each floating axle has an individual motor, that is placed in the spring mounted locomotive frame.  The weight of the driving motors is completely disconnected from the driving wheels, which are exposed to movement of the rails.

First used in electric locomotives from the 1920s, the Buchli drive made possible the construction of faster and more powerful locomotives that required larger and heavier traction motors. The system minimises the impact on rail tracks due to the reduction in the overall unsprung weight. Although the drive was very successful though the 1930s, it is little used in modern locomotives, having been replaced with smaller, simpler drives that exhibit less imbalance and allow higher speeds.

Locomotive frame
A locomotive frame is the structure that forms the backbone of the railway locomotive, giving it strength and supporting the superstructure elements such as a cab, boiler or bodywork.  The vast majority of locomotives have had a frame structure of some kind. The frame may in turn be supported by axles directly attached to it, or it may be mounted on bogies (known as trucks in American English), or a combination of the two.  The bogies in turn will have frames of their own.
Michael O'Connor (Canadian football)
Michael O'Connor (born February 25, 1996) is a Canadian professional football quarterback. He has played for the Toronto Argonauts, Calgary Stampeders, and BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football with the UBC Thunderbirds from 2015 to 2018 where he led the team to a Vanier Cup championship in 2015.

51st Vanier Cup
The 2015 Vanier Cup, the 51st edition of the Canadian university football championship, took place on Saturday, November 28, 2015 at Telus Stadium in Quebec City, Quebec. It was the fourth time that the city of Quebec has hosted the Vanier Cup. For the third consecutive year the championship game was played in the province of Quebec. The game featured the Canada West Champion UBC Thunderbirds and the RSEQ Champion Montreal Carabins. This was the second appearance for the Carabins - in back-to-back years - and the sixth for the Thunderbirds.
Lithuanian Dragoon Half-Regiment
The Lithuanian Dragoon Half-Regiment (Lithuanian: Lietuvių dragūnų divizionas) was a Lithuanian unit of the Russian Army that operated in Valka/Valga (now Latvia and Estonia, respectively) from late 1917 to early 1918 and which was also one of the first 20th-century Lithuanian military units, together with the Lithuanian Reserve Battalion. It was two squadrons strong.

Squadron (army)
A squadron was historically a cavalry subunit, a company- or battalion-sized military formation. The term is still used to refer to modern cavalry units, and is also used by other arms and services (frequently aviation, also naval). In some countries, including Italy, the name of the battalion-level cavalry unit translates as "Squadron Group".
Piotr Gacek
Piotr Marcin Gacek (born 16 September 1978) is a former Polish volleyball player, member of the Poland men's national volleyball team in 2005–2010 and 2015–2016, 2009 European Champion, silver medallist of the 2006 World Championship, two–time Polish Champion (2009, 2010).

2008–09 PlusLiga
The 2008–09 PlusLiga was the 73rd season of the Polish Volleyball Championship, the 9th season as a professional league, the first season under the name PlusLiga organized by the Professional Volleyball League SA (Polish: Profesjonalna Liga Piłki Siatkowej SA) under the supervision of the Polish Volleyball Federation (Polish: Polski Związek Piłki Siatkowej).

PGE Skra Bełchatów won their 5th title of the Polish Champions.
Miguel Ángel Angulo
Miguel Ángel Angulo Valderrey (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel ˈaŋxel aŋˈɡulo]; born 23 June 1977) is a Spanish former professional footballer, currently manager of Valencia Mestalla. Predominantly an attacking midfielder, he was also able to play as a right winger and even as a right-back or a forward.

Basing his football on inexhaustible physical display, Angulo was much appreciated by trainers because of his versatility, and spent most of his career at Valencia where he won a total of seven trophies, including two La Liga championships and the 2004 UEFA Cup.

2004 UEFA Cup final
The 2004 UEFA Cup final was an association football match that took place on 19 May 2004 at Ullevi in Gothenburg, Sweden, contested between Spanish side Valencia and French side Olympique de Marseille. Valencia won the match 2–0, with goals from Vicente and Mista. This was the fourth major European trophy won by Valencia.
Hektor Invictus
Christian Tscherpel better known by his ring name Hektor Invictus is a German professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for his time in Westside Xtreme Wrestling (wXw) where he is a former wXw World Tag Team Champion and wXw Shotgun Champion. He is also known for his various tenures with promotions from the European independent scene.

WXw World Tag Team Championship
The wXw World Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling world tag team championship contested for in the German professional wrestling promotion, Westside Xtreme Wrestling (wXw). The inaugural champions was Swi$$ Money Holding (Claudio Castagnoli and Ares). They claim to have bought the titles on June 1, 2001. The titles have been defended internationally in Japan, the United States, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom and on cards promoted by Combat Zone Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Noah, British Championship Wrestling, Big Japan Wrestling and others.

There have been a total of 72 reigns shared between 59 different teams, consisting of 87 distinctive champions. The current holders are Marc Empire and Robert Dreissker, who are in their second reign as a team. It's Marc Empire's second reign and Robert Dreissker's seventh reigns, the most as an individual.
Crank–Nicolson method
In numerical analysis, the Crank–Nicolson method is a finite difference method used for numerically solving the heat equation and similar partial differential equations. It is a second-order method in time. It is implicit in time, can be written as an implicit Runge–Kutta method, and it is numerically stable. The method was developed by John Crank and Phyllis Nicolson in the 1940s.

For diffusion equations (and many other equations), it can be shown the Crank–Nicolson method is unconditionally stable. However, the approximate solutions can still contain (decaying) spurious oscillations if the ratio of time step  times the thermal diffusivity to the square of space step, , is large (typically, larger than 1/2 per Von Neumann stability analysis). For this reason, whenever large time steps or high spatial resolution is necessary, the less accurate backward Euler method is often used, which is both stable and immune to oscillations.

Diffusion equation
The  diffusion equation is a parabolic partial differential equation. In physics, it describes the macroscopic behavior of many micro-particles in Brownian motion, resulting from the random movements and collisions of the particles (see Fick's laws of diffusion). In mathematics, it is related to Markov processes, such as random walks, and applied in many other fields, such as materials science, information theory, and biophysics. The diffusion equation is a special case of the convection–diffusion equation when bulk velocity is zero. It is equivalent to the heat equation under some circumstances.
Zoram Medical College
Zoram Medical College and Hospital previously known as Mizoram Institute of Medical Education & Research is the first medical college in Mizoram, India. It was inaugurated on 7 August 2018 by the then CM of Mizoram, Lal Thanhawla, at Falkawn, about 16 km (9.9 mi) from Aizawl, Mizoram. ZMC is expected to meet the growing demand of Doctors in Mizoram.

Lal Thanhawla
Pu Lal Thanhawla (born 19 May 1938 or 1942) is an Indian politician and former Chief Minister of Mizoram, belonging to the Indian National Congress. He holds the record for being the longest-serving Chief Minister of Mizoram, occupying the position for five terms: 1984 to 1986, 1989 to 1993, 1993 to 1998, 2008 to 2013, and 2013 to 2018. He served as President of the Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee from 1973 to 2021. His electoral constituencies were Serchhip and Hrangturzo from where he successfully contested the Mizoram Legislative Assembly elections nine times, in 1978, 1979, 1984, 1987, 1989, 1993, 2003, 2008, and 2013.
First Dragan Tsankov Government
The Government of Dragan Tsankov was the third government of the Principality of Bulgaria and the first to be led by the Liberal Party. It was appointed by Decree No. 135 of 26 March 1880 by Knyaz Alexander I of Battenberg and governed until 28 November 1880, after which it was succeeded by Petko Karavelov's first government.

Alexander of Battenberg
Alexander Joseph GCB (Bulgarian: Александър I Батенберг; 5 April 1857 – 17 November 1893), known as Alexander of Battenberg, was the first prince (knyaz) of the  autonomous Principality of Bulgaria from 1879 until his abdication in 1886.

The Bulgarian Grand National Assembly elected him as Prince of autonomous Bulgaria in 1879. He dissolved the assembly the following year and suspended the Constitution in 1881, considering it too liberal. He restored the Constitution in 1883, leading to open conflict with Russia that made him popular in Bulgaria. Unification with Eastern Rumelia was achieved and recognised by the powers in 1885. A coup carried out by pro-Russian Bulgarian Army officers forced him to abdicate in September 1886. He later became a general in the Austrian army.
Michigan Air National Guard
The Michigan Air National Guard (MI ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Michigan, United States of America. It is, along with the Michigan Army National Guard, an element of the Michigan National Guard of the larger United States National Guard Bureau. The Michigan Air National Guard is also an Air Reserve Component of the United States Air Force.

As a state militia, the Michigan Air National Guard are not in the United States Air Force chain of command unless it is federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Michigan through the office of the Michigan Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States.

National Guard Bureau
The National Guard Bureau (NGB) is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the National Guard established by the United States Congress as a joint bureau of the Department of the Army and the Department of the Air Force. It was created by the Militia Act of 1903. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, elevated the National Guard to a joint function of the Department of Defense. The 2007 NDAA, from the previous year, elevated the chief of the National Guard Bureau from a lieutenant general to a four-star general.
Kamakhya–Howrah Vande Bharat Sleeper Express
The 27575 / 27576 Howrah–Kamakhya Vande Bharat Sleeper Express is India's 1st AC sleeper semi-high speed train which belongs to Northeast Frontier Railway zone that runs between the city Howrah Junction of West Bengal and Kamakhya Junction of Assam in India. This fully air‑conditioned service combines the speed and modern amenities of Vande Bharat trains with comfortable sleeper coaches.

The express train was inaugurated on 17 January 2026 by Honorable Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw.

Ministry of Railways (India)
The Ministry of Railways is a ministry in the Government of India, responsible for the country's rail transport. The Indian Railways is the rail network operated and administered by the Railway Board constituted by the ministry. The ministry along with the Railway Board is housed inside Rail Bhawan in New Delhi. It is headed by the Minister of Railways. With more than 1.2 million employees, it is one of the world's largest employers.
Harry Grant (rugby league)
Harry Grant (born 17 February 1998) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who captains and plays as a hooker for the Melbourne Storm in the National Rugby League, represents Queensland in State of Origin and vice-captains Australia at international level.

Grant played for the Wests Tigers on loan for the 2020 NRL season. The arrangement between Wests and the Storm to trade Grant with Paul Momirovski was the first loan arrangement in NRL history.

Grant captained the Storm to the 2024 NRL Grand Final.

Wests Tigers
The Wests Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team, based in the Inner West of Sydney and South Western Sydney. The Tigers have competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since being formed at the end of the 1999 NRL season as a joint-venture club between the Balmain Tigers and the Western Suburbs Magpies.

The Wests Tigers started playing in the 2000 NRL season and they won their maiden premiership in 2005. The club also won the final edition of the World Sevens in 2004. The club has only qualified for three finals series since their inception (2005, 2010 and 2011).

The Wests Tigers play home games at two grounds: Leichhardt Oval (the home ground of Balmain) and Campbelltown Stadium (the home ground of Western Suburbs). They are currently coached by Benji Marshall.

The interim CEO is currently Shaun Mielekamp.