hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement
Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement were used primarily by ancient Israelites and appear frequently within the Hebrew Bible as well as in later rabbinic writings, such as the Mishnah and Talmud. These units of measurement continue to be used in functions regulating Orthodox Jewish contemporary life, based on halacha. The specificity of some of the units used and which are encompassed under these systems of measurement (whether in linear distance, weight or volume of capacity) have given rise, in some instances, to disputes, owing to the discontinuation of their Hebrew names and their replacement by other names in modern usage.

Note: The listed measurements of this system range from the lowest to highest acceptable halakhic value, in terms of conversion to and from contemporary systems of measurement.

Biblical mile
Biblical mile (Hebrew: מיל, romanized: mīl) is a unit of distance on land, or linear measure, principally used by Jews during the Herodian dynasty to ascertain distances between cities and to mark the Sabbath limit, equivalent to about two-thirds of an English statute mile, or what was about four furlongs (four stadia). The basic Jewish traditional unit of distance was the cubit (Hebrew: אמה), each cubit being roughly between 46–60 centimetres (18–24 in) The standard measurement of the biblical mile, or what is sometimes called Techum shabbat (Sabbath limit; Sabbath boundary), was 2,000 cubits.
Sequans
Sequans Communications is a fabless semiconductor company that designs, develops, and markets integrated circuits ("chips") and modules for 4G and 5G cellular IoT devices. The company is based in Paris, France with offices in the United States, United Kingdom, Israel, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, Finland and China. The company was founded as a société anonyme in October 2003 by Georges Karam. It originally focused on the WiMAX market and expanded to the LTE market in 2009, dropping WiMAX altogether in 2011. Today the company develops and delivers only LTE chips and modules for the global 5G/4G cellular IoT market. Sequans was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in April 2011. Karam is the company's CEO.

Sequans designs and markets two families of LTE-only chips, one geared towards high bandwidth consumer devices like tablets and consumer internet access devices and the other for low power IoT devices.

LTE (telecommunication)
In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for cellular mobile devices and data terminals. It is considered to be a "transitional" 4G technology, and is therefore also referred to as 3.95G as a step above 3G.

LTE is based on the 2G GSM/EDGE and 3G UMTS/HSPA standards. It improves on those standards' capacity and speed by using a different radio interface and core network improvements. LTE is the upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA2000 networks. LTE has been succeeded by LTE Advanced, which is officially defined as a "true" 4G technology and also named "LTE+".
Lin Chih-sheng (baseball)
Lin Chih-sheng (Chinese: 林智勝; pinyin: Lín Zhì Shèng; Wade–Giles: Lin2 Chih4 Sheng4; born January 1, 1982), also known as Ngayaw Ake' in Amis language, is a Taiwanese former professional baseball infielder. He played in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the La New Bears / Lamigo Monkeys, Chinatrust Brothers / CTBC Brothers, and Wei Chuan Dragons. He began his career with the Bears in 2004. The team changed its name to the Lamigo Monkeys in 2011, and Lin left after the 2015 season to sign with the Brothers.

While with the Bears and later Monkeys, Lin and his teammate Shih Chih-wei were often referred to as the "Sheng-Shih Connection," a reference to the glove puppet film Legend of the Sacred Stone. Alone, Lin is nicknamed "Big Brother." He joined the Wei Chuan Dragons in 2022 and retired at the end of the 2025 season.

CTBC Brothers
The CTBC Brothers (Chinese: 中信兄弟) or simply Brothers are a professional baseball team in Taiwan. The team was originally established as an amateur team in 1984 by the Brother Hotel located in Taipei City, and later joined the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) in 1989. Brother Hotel's chairman Hung Teng-sheng also acted as CPBL's secretary-general from 1987 to 1991. The Brothers are currently owned by CTBC Holding.

With its long history from the amateur era plus a successful marketing strategy and management, the team has long been one of the most popular Taiwanese baseball teams, winning the CPBL championship on ten occasions.

The team has always worn yellow uniforms. Its current home is in Taichung, with the home field at the Taichung Intercontinental Baseball Stadium.
Yasutomi Nishizuka
Yasutomi Nishizuka, MJA, ForMemRS (西塚 泰美, Nishizuka Yasutomi; July 12, 1932 – November 4, 2004)
 was a prominent Japanese biochemist and made important contributions to the understanding of molecular mechanism of signal transduction across the cell membrane.
 In 1977, he discovered protein kinase C, which plays significant roles in a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes.

He was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1990 and as a member of the Japan Academy (MJA) in 1991.

Japan Academy
The Japan Academy (Japanese: 日本学士院, Nihon Gakushiin) is an honorary organisation and science academy founded in 1879 to bring together leading Japanese scholars with distinguished records of scientific achievements. The Academy is currently an extraordinary organ of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology with its headquarters located in Taito, Tokyo, Japan. Election to the Academy is considered the highest distinction a scholar can achieve, and members enjoy life tenure and an annual monetary stipend.
Howling VI: The Freaks
Howling VI: The Freaks is a 1991 British direct-to-video horror film directed by Hope Perello, from a screenplay by Kevin Rock, starring Brendan Hughes, Bruce Payne, Michele Matheson, Sean Gregory Sullivan, and Carol Lynley. The Freaks is the sixth entry in the series of eight standalone films with a loose continuity.

Like most of the other films, The Freaks is loosely based on The Howling series of novels by Gary Brandner. However, minor elements from the third novel, The Howling III: Echoes, are in the film, which includes the solitary drifter Ian Richards who is cursed as a sympathetic werewolf and later recruited by R.B. Harker, a supernatural being, as well as werewolves being used in carnival freak shows.

The Howling (franchise)
The Howling is an American werewolf-themed horror media franchise that includes three novels and eight films. The series began with the 1977 horror novel The Howling by Gary Brandner, which was in 1981 adapted into the film of the same name, directed by Joe Dante.
Pavel Kachkayev
Pavel Rurikovich Kachkayev (Russian: Павел Рюрикович Качкаев; 4 October 1951 – 5 May 2025) was a Russian politician who was a deputy of the 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas.

In 1994–1995, he was the head of the Leninsky district in Ufa. From 1995 to 2001, he was the first deputy to the head of administration of Ufa. In 2001, Kachkayev was appointed Minister of Housing and Communal Services of Bashkortostan. He left the post in 2003 as he was appointed the head of the administration of Ufa. In 2011, he was elected deputy of the 6th State Duma from the party lists for Bashkortostan. He was re-elected in 2016 and 2021 for the 7th and 8th State Dumas respectively.

Kachkayev died following a cardiac arrest in the village of Bulgakovo, Bashkortostan, on 5 May 2025. He was 73.

6th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 6th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации VI созыва) is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 6th convocation meets at the State Duma building in Moscow, having begun its term on December 21, 2011 following the last session of the 5th State Duma. The term of office expired October 5, 2016, when the next parliamentary elections.

The 6th State Duma's composition was based upon the results of the 2011 parliamentary election. Of the seven parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the 7% election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system.
Cleaning Up (The Wire)
"Cleaning Up" is the twelfth and penultimate episode of the first season of the HBO original series The Wire. The episode was written by George Pelecanos from a story by David Simon and Ed Burns and was directed by Clement Virgo. It originally aired on September 1, 2002.

The Hunt (The Wire)
"The Hunt" is the 11th episode of the first season of the HBO original series The Wire. The episode was written by Joy Lusco from a story by David Simon and Ed Burns and was directed by Steve Shill. It originally aired on August 18, 2002.
Quentin Grimes
Quentin Marshall Grimes (born May 8, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Kansas Jayhawks and the Houston Cougars.

Houston Cougars men's basketball
The Houston Cougars men's basketball team represents the University of Houston in Houston, Texas, in NCAA Division I men's basketball competition. They compete as members of the Big 12 Conference. In addition to 26 NCAA tournament appearances, the Cougars have won 22 conference championships and have had several players and a coach elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.
1980 British Grand Prix
The 1980 British Grand Prix (formally the XXXIII Marlboro British Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at Brands Hatch on 13 July 1980. It was the eighth round of the 1980 Formula One season. The race was held over 76 laps of the 4.207-km (2.614-mile) circuit for a total race distance of 319.73 km (198.67 miles).

The race was won by Australian driver, Alan Jones driving a Williams FW07B. The win was Jones' eighth Formula One Grand Prix victory and his fourth of the year. Including the non-championship Spanish Grand Prix it was Jones' third victory in a row as he built his charge towards becoming the 1980 World Drivers' Champion. Jones won by eleven seconds over the man becoming his arch-rival, Brazilian driver Nelson Piquet driving a Brabham BT49. Third, and the only other car to finish on the lead lap, was Jones' Williams Grand Prix Engineering teammate, Argentine driver Carlos Reutemann.

Williams FW07
The Williams FW07 was a ground effect Formula One racing car designed by Patrick Head, Frank Dernie, and Neil Oatley for the 1979 Formula One season. Developed versions of the car were further used in the 1980, 1981 and 1982 seasons. It was the first car that won a championship for Williams Racing when it won both the Drivers' and Constructors' in 1980.
Siedlce pogrom
Siedlce pogrom refers to the events of September 8–10 or 11, 1906, in Siedlce, (Congress) Kingdom of Poland. It was part of a wave of pogroms in Russia and controlled territories (such as the Kingdom of Poland), in the larger context of the widespread unrest. The pogrom in Siedlce was organized by the Russian secret police (Okhrana). There were 26 fatalities among the Jewish populations.

Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)
A major part of the Russian Revolution of 1905 took place in the Russian Partition of Poland and lasted until 1907 (see Congress Poland and Privislinsky Krai). It was the largest wave of strikes and widest emancipatory movement that Poland had ever seen until the 1970s and the 1980s. One of the major events of that period was the insurrection in Łódź in June 1905. Throughout that period, many smaller demonstrations and armed struggles between the peasants and workers on one side and the government on the other took place. The demands of the demonstrators included the improvement of the workers' living conditions, as well as political freedoms, particularly related to increased autonomy for Poland. Particularly in 1905, Poland was at the verge of a new uprising, revolution or civil war. Some Polish historians even consider the events of that period a fourth Polish uprising against the Russian Empire.
Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)
Divisional-General Charles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl viktwaʁ emanɥɛl ləklɛʁ]; 17 March 1772 – 2 November 1802) was a French Army officer who served in the French Revolutionary Wars. He was the husband of Pauline Bonaparte, the younger sister of Napoleon. In 1801, Leclerc was appointed commander of the Saint-Domingue expedition with the goal of restoring French rule and slavery in the colony of Saint-Domingue and deposing Governor-General Toussaint Louverture. The expedition defeated Louverture's army and deported him to France, but Leclerc died of yellow fever after the colony's Black population revolted against French rule.

Divisional general
Divisional general (alternatively general of division) is a general officer rank who commands an army division. The rank originates from the French Revolutionary System, and is used by a number of countries.  The rank is above a brigade general, and normally below an army corps general.

The rank is mostly used in countries where it is used as a modern alternative to a previous older rank of major-general or lieutenant-general.
Cochran's Q test
Cochran's  test is a non-parametric statistical test to verify whether k treatments have identical effects in the analysis of two-way randomized block designs wherein the response variable is binary. It is named after William Gemmell Cochran.  Cochran's Q test should not be confused with Cochran's C test, which is a variance outlier test. Put in simple technical terms, Cochran's Q test requires that there only be a binary response (e.g. success/failure or 1/0) and that there be more than two groups of the same size. The test assesses whether the proportion of successes is the same between groups. Often it is used to assess if different observers of the same phenomenon have consistent results (interobserver variability).

Blocking (statistics)
In the  statistical theory of the design of experiments, blocking is the arranging of experimental units that are similar to one another in groups (blocks) based on one or more variables. These variables are chosen carefully to minimize the effect of their variability on the observed outcomes. There are different ways that blocking can be implemented, resulting in different confounding effects. However, the different methods share the same purpose: to control variability introduced by specific factors that could influence the outcome of an experiment. The roots of blocking originated from the statistician, Ronald Fisher, following his development of ANOVA.
Pedro de Tovar
Pedro de Tovar (born 1501) was a Spanish explorer, military man and colonial administrator. He was part of Francisco Vazquez de Coronado's expedition and led the first expedition to Cibola in 1540.  Tovar was also the first European to hear about the existence of the Grand Canyon, although he did not get to see it. He was also a member of Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán's troops during the conquest of Nueva Galicia, as well as collaborating in the colonization of Guadalajara and the foundation of Culiacán, in modern Mexico. After that, he was alcalde of Nueva Galicia and Culiacán.

Alcalde
Alcalde (/ælˈkældi/; Spanish: [alˈkalðe]) is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An alcalde was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian cabildo (the municipal council) and judge of first instance of a town.  Alcaldes were elected annually, without the right to reelection for two or three years, by the regidores (council members) of the municipal council. The office of the alcalde was signified by a staff of office, which they were to take with them when doing their business. A woman who holds the office is termed an alcaldesa.

In New Spain (Mexico), alcaldes mayores were chief administrators in colonial-era administrative territories termed alcaldías mayores; in colonial-era Peru the units were called corregimientos.

Alcalde was also a title given to Indigenous (Native American) leaders inside the Spanish missions, who performed a large variety of duties for the Franciscan missionaries.
Gossypium barbadense
Gossypium barbadense is one of several species of cotton. It is in the mallow family. It has been cultivated since antiquity, but has been especially prized since a form with particularly long fibers was developed in the 19th century. Other names associated with this species include Sea Island, Egyptian, Pima, and extra-long staple (ELS) cotton.

The species is a tropical, frost-sensitive perennial that produces yellow flowers and has black seeds. It grows as a bush or small tree and yields cotton with unusually long, silky fibers.

The native range of this species is Colombia to Peru. It is now cultivated around the world, including China, Egypt, Sudan, India, Australia, Peru, Israel, the southwestern United States, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It accounts for about a fifth of the world's cotton production.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Thedavur
Thedavur  is a panchayat town in Gangavalli taluk of Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the 31 panchayat towns in the district. Spread across an area of 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi), it had a population of 8,230 individuals as per the 2011 census.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Podunavlje, Bilje
Podunavlje (Hungarian: Dunai-puszta) is a settlement in the region of Baranja, Croatia. Administratively, it is located in the Bilje municipality within the Osijek-Baranja County. Population is 2 people.

Baranya (region)
Baranya or Baranja (Croatian: Baranja, pronounced [bǎraɲa]; Hungarian: Baranya, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ]) is a geographical and historical region between the Danube and the Drava rivers located in the Pannonian Plain. Its territory is divided between Hungary and Croatia. In Hungary, the region is included in Baranya county, while in Croatia, it is part of Osijek-Baranja county.
City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council
City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council is the local authority of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. Bradford has had an elected council since 1847, which has been reformed on several occasions. Since 1974 it has been a metropolitan district council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2014. It meets at Bradford City Hall and has its main offices at Britannia House.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Parliamentary group (Germany)
A parliamentary group (German: Gruppe) in Germany is an association of several members of a parliament, especially in the Bundestag, whose number does not reach the minimum size of a fraktion. The rights of a group are usually limited compared to a parliamentary group, but the group has more rights than an Independent Member of Parliament.

Until March 2025, there were two groups in the German Bundestag, the Die Linke group with 28 members and the BSW group with ten members. Until 2024 there were two groups in the German state parliaments, the FDP group in Thuringia and the BVB/FW group in Brandenburg.

In Italy they are known as Gruppo.

Landtag of Thuringia
The Landtag of Thuringia is the parliament of the German state of Thuringia. It convenes in Erfurt and currently consists of 88 members from five parties. According to the free state's constitution, the primary functions of the Landtag are to pass laws, elect the Minister-President and control the government of Thuringia.
2019 Nigerian Senate elections in Katsina State
The 2019 Nigerian Senate elections in Katsina State were held on February 23, 2019, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Katsina State. Kabir Abdullahi Barkiya representing Katsina Central, Mandiya Bello representing Katsina South, and Ahmad Babba Kaita representing Katsina North all won on the platform of All Progressives Congress.

Ahmad Babba Kaita
Ahmad Babba Kaita is a Nigerian senator. He was a member of the Nigerian House of Representatives, representing the Congress for Progressive Change in the Kankia/Ingawa/Kusada constituency of Katsina State, Nigeria. He became a representative in 2011.
Frans Ananias
Frans Page Ananias (born 1 December 1972) is a Namibian former footballer who played as a midfielder. He was capped 29 times by the Namibia national team and scored one goal, and played for Namibia at the 1998 African Cup of Nations. He played club football for African Blizzards, United Africa Tigers, African Stars and Young Ones in Namibia and FC Penzberg in Germany.

1998 African Cup of Nations
The 1998 African Cup of Nations in Burkina Faso was the 21st edition of the Africa Cup of Nations (ACN), the national football championship of Africa, administered by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Just like in 1996, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four. Egypt won its fourth ACN championship, beating South Africa in the final 2–0.