hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Randolph Jewell Francis Mendis
Colonel Randolph Jewell Francis Mendis, OBE, ED (10 July 1896 – 19??) was a Ceylonese educationist. He served as the Deputy Director of Education, Acting Commandant of the Ceylon Defence Force and the first Ceylonese Commanding Officer, Ceylon Cadet Battalion.

Efficiency Decoration
The Efficiency Decoration, post-nominal letters TD for recipients serving in the Territorial Army of the United Kingdom or ED for those serving in the Auxiliary Military Forces, was instituted in 1930 for award to part-time officers after twenty years of service as an efficient and thoroughly capable officer. The decoration superseded the Volunteer Officers' Decoration, the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration and the Territorial Decoration.

In the British Commonwealth, the decoration was gradually superseded by national decorations in some member countries, in Canada by the  Canadian Forces' Decoration in 1951, in the Union of South Africa by the John Chard Decoration in 1952 and in Australia by the Reserve Force Decoration in 1982. In the United Kingdom, the decoration was superseded by the Volunteer Reserves Service Medal in 1999. New Zealand continues to award the Efficiency Decoration (New Zealand) and is one of a few countries still to do so.
Fatafehi Tuʻipelehake
Prince Fatafehi Tuʻipelehake OBE (Sione Ngū Manumataongo; 7 January 1922 – 10 April 1999) was the youngest son of Queen Sālote Tupou III of Tonga. He was the prime minister of Tonga from 1965 to 1991, a record tenure of over 25 years, serving under his brother King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV.

Prime Minister of Tonga
The prime minister of Tonga (historically referred to as the premier) is the head of government of Tonga. Tonga is a monarchy with the king, currently Tupou VI, former prime minister, as head of state. The current prime minister is Fatafehi Fakafānua, who has served since 18 December 2025. Fakafānua was elected by the Legislative Assembly following the 2025 general election.

The office of prime minister was established by the Constitution of 1875, whose article 51 stipulates that the prime minister and other ministers are appointed and dismissed by the king.

The prime minister is assisted by the deputy prime minister.
Arkansas Highway 231
Highway 231 (AR 231, Ark. 231, and Hwy. 231) is a designation for three north–south state highways in northeast Arkansas. All three segments serve rural, agricultural areas in the Arkansas Delta. One segment of 5.79 miles (9.32 km) runs north from U.S. Route 412 (US 412) to Highway 34. A second route of 3.02 miles (4.86 km) begins at Highway 90 near O'Kean and runs north to Highway 304 at Sharum. A third segment of 6.12 miles (9.85 km) begins at Highway 251 and runs to Highway 93. All routes are maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).

Arkansas Department of Transportation
The Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT), formerly the Arkansas Highway and Transportation Department, is a government department in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Its mission is to provide a safe, efficient, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally sound intermodal transportation system for the user. The department is responsible for implementing policy made by the Arkansas State Highway Commission, a board of officials appointed by the Governor of Arkansas to direct transportation policy in the state. The department's director is appointed by the commission to hire staff and manage construction and maintenance on Arkansas's highways.

The primary duty of ARDOT is the maintenance and management of the over 16,000-mile (26,000 km) Arkansas Highway System. The department also conducts planning, public transportation, the State Aid County Road Program, the Arkansas Highway Police, and Federal-Aid project administration. Its headquarters are in Little Rock.
Renaissance in Lombardy
The Italian Renaissance in Lombardy, in the Duchy of Milan in the mid-15th century, started in the International Lombard Gothic period and gave way to Lombard humanism with the passage of power between the Visconti and Sforza families. In the second half of the 15th century the Lombard artistic scene developed without disruption, with influences gradually linked to Florentine, Ferrarese, and Paduan styles. With the arrival of Bramante (1479) and Leonardo da Vinci (1482), Milan reached absolute artistic heights in the Italian and European panorama, while still demonstrating the possibilities of coexistence between the artistic avant-garde and the Gothic substratum.

House of Sforza
The House of Sforza (Italian: [ˈsfɔrtsa]) was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. Sforza rule began with the family's acquisition of the Duchy of Milan following the extinction of the Visconti family in the mid-15th century and ended with the death of the last member of the family's main branch, Francesco II Sforza, in 1535.
Vijaynagar'er Hirey (soundtrack)
Vijaynagar'er Hirey is the soundtrack album composed by Indraadip Dasgupta, to the 2026 Indian Bengali-language action-adventure film of the same name, directed by Chandrasish Ray. A sequel to Kakababur Protyaborton (2022) and the fourth instalment in the SVF Kakababu franchise, it stars Prosenjit Chatterjee, Aryann Bhowmik and Pushan Dasgupta in lead roles. The film is produced by Shrikant Mohta and Prosenjit himself under their respective banners of Shree Venkatesh Films and Nideas Productions,

The album was released on 20 January 2025, under the SVF Music label, ahead of the film's theatrical release during Saraswati Puja. The soundtrack contains three singles—"Kakababu Title Song", "Jaatra Shubho Hok" and "Jeetey Jaabe Je Raja", with lyrics penned by Srijato and Prasen.

Shree Venkatesh Films
SVF Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.  is an Indian film production and distribution company, founded by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni in 1995. Apart from producing and distributing Bengali films in West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam and Tripura, SVF also distributes Bollywood and Hollywood films in East India. The other divisions of the company include Exhibition, TV Content Production, Digital Cinema, Music, New Media and IPR syndication. SVF was in Anandabazar Patrika's powerlist for 2008 and 2010.
Ōkataina Caldera
Ōkataina Caldera (Ōkataina Volcanic Centre, also spelled Okataina) is a volcanic caldera and its associated volcanoes located in Taupō Volcanic Zone of New Zealand's North Island. It has several actual or postulated sub calderas. The Ōkataina Caldera is just east of the smaller separate Rotorua Caldera and southwest of the much smaller Rotomā Embayment, which is usually regarded as an associated volcano. It shows high rates of explosive rhyolitic volcanism, although its last eruption was basaltic. The postulated Haroharo Caldera contained within it has sometimes been described in almost interchangeable terms with the Ōkataina Caldera or volcanic complex or centre and by other authors as a separate complex defined by gravitational and magnetic features.: 14  Since 2010 other terms such as the Haroharo vent alignment, Utu Caldera, Matahina Caldera, Rotoiti Caldera and a postulated Kawerau Caldera are often used, rather than a Haroharo Caldera classification.: 2

Rhyolite
Rhyolite (/ˈraɪ.əlaɪt/ RY-ə-lyte) is the most silica-rich of volcanic rocks. It is generally glassy or fine-grained (aphanitic) in texture, but may be porphyritic, containing larger mineral crystals (phenocrysts) in an otherwise fine-grained groundmass. The mineral assemblage is predominantly quartz, sanidine, and plagioclase. It is the extrusive equivalent of granite.

Its high silica content makes rhyolitic magma extremely viscous. This favors explosive eruptions over effusive eruptions, so this type of magma is more often erupted as pyroclastic rock than as lava flows. Rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs are among the most voluminous of continental igneous rock formations.

Rhyolitic tuff has been used extensively for construction. Obsidian, which is rhyolitic volcanic glass, has been used for tools from prehistoric times to the present day because it can be shaped to an extremely sharp edge. Rhyolitic pumice finds use as an abrasive, in concrete, and as a soil amendment.
Joaquín Ezquerra del Bayo (1793-1859)
Joaquín Ezquerra del Bayo (11 September 1793 - 14 August 1859) was a Spanish writer, engineer and geologist and one of the founder members of the  Real Academia de las Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales.

Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences
The Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences (Spanish: Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales) is an academic institution and learned society that was founded in Madrid in 1847. It is dedicated to the study and research of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and related sciences.
The Architecture of Community
The Architecture of Community is a 2009 book by the Luxembourgish architect and architectural theorist Léon Krier. Significant parts of the content had appeared in Krier's shorter book Architecture: Choice or Fate, first published in 1995.

Architectural theory
Architectural theory is the act of thinking, discussing, and writing about architecture. Architectural theory is taught in all architecture schools and is practiced by the world's leading architects. Some forms that architecture theory takes are the lecture or dialogue, the treatise or book, and the paper project or competition entry. Architectural theory is often didactic, and theorists tend to stay close to or work from within schools. It has existed in some form since antiquity, and as publishing became more common, architectural theory gained an increased richness. Books, magazines, and journals published an unprecedented number of works by architects and critics in the 20th century. As a result, styles and movements formed and dissolved much more quickly than the relatively enduring modes in earlier history. It is to be expected that the use of the internet will further the discourse on architecture in the 21st century.
Riccall
Riccall is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, lying 3.5 miles (6 km) to the north of Selby and 9 miles (14 km) south of York. Riccall is noted for being the place where Harold Hardrada's force of invaders landed in 1066, just before the Battle of Stamford Bridge. In the Second World War, an RAF base was built north of the village, and between the late 1970s and the early 2000s, coal was mined from beneath the village as Riccall Mine, part of the Selby Coalfield.

According to the 2011 census the parish had a total population of 2,332.

Selby
Selby is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, 12 miles (19.3 km) south of York on the River Ouse. At the 2021 Census, it had a population of 17,193.

The town grew around Selby Abbey, a former Benedictine house whose surviving church is nationally protected. Historic records indicate that Henry I of England was born in the town.

The town was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire and was transferred to the new county of North Yorkshire in 1974.  From 1974 until 2023 it was the administrative centre of the Selby District. Local government is now provided by North Yorkshire Council, a unitary authority.

Selby once had a large shipbuilding industry, and was an important port on the Selby Canal, which brought trade from Leeds.
Gospel (Fireworks album)
Gospel (stylized as gospel.) is the second studio album by American rock band Fireworks, released May 24, 2011 on Triple Crown Records. The album charted at number 40 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart. The album includes the hit single "Arrows"

Triple Crown Records
Triple Crown Records is a New York–based rock music record label created in 1997 by Fred Feldman. The label features such artists as The Receiving End of Sirens and The Dear Hunter, and launched the career of Brand New in 2001. It is a part of the East West family of record labels, a subsidiary of Warner Music Group, and is distributed by the Alternative Distribution Alliance.
Figured bass
Figured bass is musical notation in which numerals and symbols appear above or below (or next to) a bass note. The numerals and symbols (often accidentals) indicate intervals, chords, and non-chord tones that a musician playing piano, harpsichord, organ, or lute (or other instruments capable of playing chords) should play in relation to the bass note. Figured bass is closely associated with basso continuo: a historically improvised accompaniment used in almost all genres of music in the Baroque period of Classical music (c. 1600–1750), though rarely in modern music. Figured bass is also known as thoroughbass.

Other systems for denoting or representing chords include plain staff notation, used in classical music; Roman numerals, commonly used in harmonic analysis; chord letters, sometimes used in modern musicology; the Nashville Number System; and various chord names and symbols used in jazz and popular music (e.g., C Major or simply C; D minor, Dm, or D−; G7, etc.).

Bassline
Bassline (also known as a bass line or bass part) is the term used in many styles of music, such as blues, jazz, funk, dub and electronic, traditional, and classical music, for the low-pitched instrumental part or line played (in jazz and some forms of pop music) by a rhythm section instrument such as the electric bass, double bass, cello, tuba or keyboard (piano, Hammond organ, electric organ, or synthesizer).

In unaccompanied solo performance, basslines may simply be played in the lower register of any instrument while melody and/or further accompaniment is provided in the middle or upper register. In solo music for piano and pipe organ, these instruments have an excellent lower register that can be used to play a deep bassline. On organs, the bass line is typically played using the pedal keyboard and massive 16' and 32' bass pipes.
Kanaipur School & College
Kanaipur School & College (Bengali: কানাইপুর স্কুল এন্ড কলেজ) is a secondary school and college located in Kanaipur Union, Sadar Upazila, Faridpur District, Bangladesh. The school was first established in 1937 as Kanaipur High School. The school was upgraded to the higher secondary level on June 7, 2023 and renamed Kanaipur School & College. Bengali is the language of all the institutional activities of the institution. Under the institution there is provision of secondary education for five years at school level and higher secondary education for two years at college level. The school currently has Shah Mohammad Shahjahan Molla as its acting principal. The current president of the school is Israt Jahan.

Faridpur Sadar Upazila
Faridpur Sadar Upazila (Bengali: ফরিদপুর সদর) is an upazila (sub-district) of Faridpur District in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It contains Faridpur city near the banks of the Padma River.

One of 18 registered red-light districts in Bangladesh is located in Faridpur. About 800 women and girls live and work there.
Distinguished Honor Award
The Distinguished Honor Award is an award of the United States Department of State and USAID.  Similar versions of the same award existed for the former U.S. Information Agency and Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.  It is presented in recognition of exceptionally outstanding service or achievements of marked national or international significance.

The award consists of a gold medal set and a certificate signed, as appropriate, by the Secretary of State.  Due to the demanding nature of the criteria, the award is not routinely issued; only a few non-Ambassadorial rank Foreign Service Officers have ever received an individual award.

Foreign Service officer
A Foreign Service officer (FSO) is a commissioned member of the United States Foreign Service. FSOs formulate and implement the foreign policy of the United States. They spend most of their careers overseas as members of U.S. embassies, consulates, and other diplomatic missions, though some receive assignments to serve at combatant commands, Congress, and educational institutions such as the various U.S. service academies.

As of 2021, there were over 8,000 FSOs.
İbrahim Çolak (gymnast)
İbrahim Çolak (born 7 January 1995) is a Turkish artistic gymnast who is primarily a rings specialist. He is the 2019 World champion on the rings and the first Turkish gymnast to medal at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. He also became Turkey's first European champion in artistic gymnastics when he won gold on the rings at the 2020 European Championships. He is also the 2018 European silver medalist on the rings and the 2020 European silver medalist with the Turkish team. He is the 2022 Mediterranean Games champion on the rings and in the team event. He won the bronze medal at the 2015 European Games and the silver medal at the 2013 Mediterranean Games on the rings. He represented Turkey at the 2020 Summer Olympics where he finished fifth in the rings final.

2018 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 33rd European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held from 9 to 12 August 2018 at the SSE Hydro in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.

The competition was a portion of the first multi-sport European Championships.
John Seymour (died 1491)
John Seymour (c. 1450 – 26 October 1491) of Wulfhall, of Stalbridge, of Stinchcombe and of Huish, all in Wiltshire, England, was warden of Savernake Forest and a prominent member of the landed gentry in the counties of Wiltshire, Somerset and Dorset. He was the grandfather of Jane Seymour (c. 1508–1537), the third wife of King Henry VIII, and was thus great-grandfather of King Edward VI.

Jane Seymour
Jane Seymour (/ˈsiːmɔːr/; c. 1508 – 24 October 1537) was Queen of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 30 May 1536 until her death the next year. She became queen following the execution of Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn, who was accused by Henry of adultery after failing to produce a male heir. Jane, however, died of postnatal complications less than two weeks after the birth of her only child, the future King Edward VI. She was the only wife of Henry VIII to receive a queen's funeral, and Henry was later buried alongside her remains in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.
Cacography
Cacography is bad spelling or bad handwriting. The term in the sense of "poor spelling, accentuation, and punctuation" is a semantic antonym to orthography, and in the sense of "poor handwriting" it is an etymological antonym to the word calligraphy: cacography is from Greek κακός (kakos "bad") and γραφή (graphe "writing").

Cacography is also deliberate comic misspelling, a type of humour similar to malapropism.

A common usage of cacography is to caricature illiterate speakers, as with eye dialect spelling. Others include the use to indicate that something was written by a child, to indirectly voice a cute or funny animal in a meme such as the captioned photo of a British shorthair that was the namesake of I Can Has Cheezburger?, or because the misspelling bears a humorous resemblance to a completely unrelated word.

Spelling
Spelling is a set of conventions for written language regarding how graphemes should correspond to the sounds of spoken language. Spelling is one of the elements of orthography, and highly standardized spelling is a prescriptive element.

Spellings originated as transcriptions of the sounds of speech according to the alphabetic principle. Fully phonemic orthography is usually only approximated, due to factors including changes in pronunciation over time, and the borrowing of vocabulary from other languages without adapting its spelling. Homophones may be spelled differently on purpose in order to disambiguate words that would otherwise have identical spellings.
Devereaux House, Ontario
Devereaux House in Halton Hills, Ontario is a historic farmhouse that includes Victorian architecture with Gothic influences. The farm was established in 1829; the house was built during the 1860s.

The house underwent extensive restoration in 2008. It is now rented out for special events. The brick residential building is owned by the town of Halton Hills.

Halton Hills
Halton Hills is a town in the Regional Municipality of Halton, located in the northwestern end of the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada with a population of 62,951 (2021).

There are many natural features within these bounds; they include the Niagara Escarpment, and the Bruce Trail. Many of these local features are protected by the Conservation Halton, Credit Valley Conservation & Grand River Conservation Authority.
Sarzana Cathedral
Sarzana Cathedral (Italian: Concattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta di Sarzana) in Sarzana, Liguria, Italy, is a co-cathedral of the Diocese of La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato. It is dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. The building is a mixture of the Romanesque and Gothic styles, reflecting the length of the period of its construction, from the early 13th to the late 15th century.

The cathedral is noted as the home of a relic of St Andrew and of the Blood of Christ. There is also an important Romanesque Cross of Maestro Guglielmo of 1138.

Romanesque art
Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later depending on region. The preceding period is known as the Pre-Romanesque period. The term was invented by 19th-century art historians, especially for Romanesque architecture, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style – most notably round-headed arches, but also barrel vaults, apses, and acanthus-leaf decoration – but had also developed many very different characteristics.

In southern France, Spain, and Italy there was an architectural continuity with the Late Antique, but the Romanesque style was the first style to spread across the whole of Catholic Europe, from Sicily to Scandinavia. Romanesque art was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting, and by the anti-classical energy of the decoration of the Insular art of the British Isles. From these elements was forged a highly innovative and coherent style.
Oladele Ajose
Oladele Adebayo Ajose (20 September 1907 – 2 July 1978) was a Lagos prince who was the vice-chancellor of the Obafemi Awolowo University. He was an early advocate of primary health care in Nigeria and the first tenured African professor at the University of Ibadan and in Nigeria. He was one of the earliest Africans to hold a professorial chair.

University of Ibadan
The University of Ibadan (UI) is a federal university located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Initially founded as the University College Ibadan in 1948, it maintained its affiliation with the University of London. In 1962, it became an independent institution, making it the oldest degree-awarding institution in Nigeria. The University of Ibadan has significantly contributed to Nigeria's political, industrial, economic, and cultural development through its extensive network of graduates.

UI enrolls about 33,000 students, is internationally recognized, and has a number of accomplished alumni.
1983 Women's World Open Squash Championship
The 1983 Town and Country Building Society Women's World Open Squash Championship was the women's edition of the 1983 World Open, which serves as the individual world championship for squash players. The event took place in Perth in Australia during October 1983. Vicki Cardwell won the World Open title, defeating Rhonda Thorne in the final.

World Squash Championships
The World Squash Championships are squash events, which since the early 1990s have been held annually for both men and women organised by the Professional Squash Association. The men's event was first held in 1976 in London, England and the women's was inaugurated in 1976 in Brisbane, Australia.