hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chur
Chur is the capital and largest town of the Swiss canton of the Grisons and lies in the Grisonian Rhine Valley, where the Rhine turns towards the north, in the northern part of the canton. The city, on the right bank of the Rhine, is reputedly the oldest town in Switzerland.

The official language of Chur is German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of Alemannic, known as Grisonian German. Romansh and Italian are significantly spoken in the city as a result of the trilingual identity of the canton.

On 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Maladers merged into Chur and on 1 January 2021 Haldenstein also merged. On 1 January 2025 the former municipality of Tschiertschen-Praden merged into Chur.

Mario Frick (footballer)
Mario Frick (born 7 September 1974) is a Liechtensteiner retired professional footballer who is currently a manager for Luzern. He has earned 125 caps and scored a national record 16 goals for his country from his international debut in 1993 until his retirement in 2015. Mainly a striker, Frick was also deployed as a centre-back on occasion.
Stonar School
Stonar School, founded in 1895, is a non-denominational independent day and boarding school, at Cottles Park, near Atworth, Wiltshire, south-west England. The school occupies 80 acres of parkland and gardens in a location about 8 miles from Bath. There are about 420 pupils from 2 to 18 years old, with approximately 100 in the prep school section and 320 in the secondary section.

Atworth
Atworth is a village and civil parish in west Wiltshire, England. The village is on the A365 road between Melksham and Box, about 2.5 miles (4 km) northwest of Melksham and 4 miles (6 km) northeast of Bradford on Avon. The hamlet of Purlpit lies east of Atworth village, and in the south of the parish are the small village of Great Chalfield and the hamlet of Little Chalfield.

The Roman road from Silchester to Bath forms the northern boundary of the parish, and to the south of it is the settlement of Beardwell.
Wulstan Tempest
Major Wulstan Joseph Tempest, DSO, MC (22 January 1891 – 1966) was a British First World War pilot with the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force. He was celebrated for shooting down a Zeppelin R Class airship over Potters Bar in October 1916.

Zeppelin R Class
The Zeppelin R Class was a type of rigid airship developed by Zeppelin Luftschiffbau in 1916 for use by the Imperial German Navy and the German Army for bombing and naval patrol work. Introduced in July 1916 at a time when British air defences were becoming increasingly capable, several were lost in the first months of operation, leading the Germans to reconsider their technical requirements and eventually to develop airships capable of bombing from a greater height. Most surviving examples were modified to meet these requirements, by reducing weight at the expense of performance. A total of 17 were built.
Okhotsk plate
The Okhotsk plate is a minor tectonic plate covering the Kamchatka Peninsula, Magadan Oblast, and Sakhalin Island of Russia; Hokkaido, Kantō and Tōhoku regions of Japan; the Sea of Okhotsk, as well as the disputed Kuril Islands.

Japan's principal fault system is the zone where the Amur plate, the Eastern edge of the Eurasian plate, meets the Okhotsk plate, sometimes considered the Western edge of the North American plate.

It is controversial whether the northern Honshu, Okhotsk and North American plate constitute separate blocks or plates. "A slightly better fit to data is obtained" when the proposed blocks, Honshu and Okhotsk, are independent of North America, so some studies make this an assumption of their analysis.

The boundary is a left-lateral moving transform fault, the Ulakhan Fault originating from a triple junction in the Chersky Range.

Triple junction
A triple junction is the point where the boundaries of three tectonic plates meet. At the triple junction each of the three boundaries will be one of three types – a ridge (R), trench (T) or transform fault (F) – and triple junctions can be described according to the types of plate margin that meet at them (e.g. fault–fault–trench, ridge–ridge–ridge, or abbreviated F-F-T, R-R-R). Of the ten possible types of triple junctions only a few are stable through time (stable in this context means that the geometrical configuration of the triple junction will not change through geologic time). The meeting of four or more plates is also theoretically possible, but junctions will only exist instantaneously.
Eurobounds
Eurobounds is the second home video released by the Japanese heavy metal band Loudness. It was released on BETA, VHS, Laserdisc and VHD formats in 1984. This release documented the first European tour of the band, with footage from concerts in England, Holland, Belgium and West Germany. Columbia Records remastered the video and re-released it in DVD format in 2000. A live album with the sound track of the DVD was also released in 2000, with the same cover art of the DVD.

Loudness (band)
Loudness (Japanese: ラウドネス, Hepburn: Raudonesu) is a Japanese heavy metal band formed in 1981 by guitarist Akira Takasaki and drummer Munetaka Higuchi. They were the first Japanese metal act signed to a major label in the United States. Loudness subsequently released twenty-six studio albums (five licensed in America) and nine live albums by 2014 and reached the Billboard Top 100 during their heyday as well as charting on Oricon dozens of times. Despite numerous line-up changes in the band's history, leaving Takasaki as the sole constant member, the band continued their activities throughout the 1990s, finally reuniting the original line-up in 2000. This incarnation released a further seven albums until November 30, 2008, when original drummer Munetaka Higuchi died from liver cancer at a hospital in Osaka at age 49. He was replaced by Masayuki Suzuki.
Vanand Peak
Vanand Peak (Bulgarian: връх Вананд, romanized: vrah Vanand, IPA: [ˈvrɤɣ vɐˈnant]) is the sharp peak rising to 3045 m in Zinsmeister Ridge on the northeast side of Vinson Massif in Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, and surmounting Dater Glacier to the east and its tributary Hinkley Glacier to the northwest.

The peak is named after the Bulgar principality of Vanand in Old Armenia.

Zinsmeister Ridge
Zinsmeister Ridge is the high, rugged mountain ridge, 9 mi long, running northeast from Schoening Peak, Vinson Massif in the Sentinel Range, Antarctica.  Jagged 2000 to 3000 m peaks including Vanand and Toros Peaks surmount the ridge, which separates Hinkley Glacier from the upper part of Dater Glacier.

The ridge is named by US-ACAN (2006) after William J. Zinsmeister, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, USAP researcher of the paleontology (molluscan fauna) of Seymour Island, 1975–95.

78°27′00″S 85°15′00″W﻿ / ﻿78.45000°S 85.25000°W﻿ / -78.45000; -85.25000
Turn to Stone (album)
Turn to Stone is a compilation album by American doom metal band Pentagram, comprising songs from their first three albums (Relentless, Day of Reckoning and Be Forewarned). It was released by Peaceville Records in 2002.

Joe Hasselvander
Joe Hasselvander (born December 30, 1956) is an American musician. He was the drummer of the British heavy metal band Raven from 1987 until 2017 and was a member of the influential American doom metal band Pentagram.
Pasichna rural hromada
Pasichna rural territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Пасічнянська сільська територіальна громада, romanized: Pasichnianska silska terytorialna hromada) is one of the hromadas of Ukraine, located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast's Nadvirna Raion. Its capital is the village of Pasichna.

The hromada has a total area of 420.0 km2 (162.2 sq mi), as well as a population of 21,013 (as of 2023).

Nadvirna Raion
Nadvirna Raion (Ukrainian: Надвірнянський район, romanized: Nadvirn'ans'kyj rajon) is a raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (region).  The town of Nadvirna is the administrative center of the raion. Population: 129,328 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast was reduced to six, and the area of Nadvirna Raion was significantly expanded. Yaremche Municipality was merged into Nadvirna Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 114,625 (2020 est.).

In 2015 oil production stopped in the raion (due to the license expiration).
Edmond de Palézieux
Edmond Henri Théodore de Palézieux, nicknamed Falconnet (20 July 1850, Vevey - 11 June 1924, Équihen-Plage) was a Swiss marine painter, known for his dramatic scenes of sailors fighting the elements. He was also an amateur sailor and navigator.

Vevey
Vevey (/vəˈveɪ/; French pronunciation: [vəvɛ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Vevê; former German: Vivis) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, near Lausanne.  The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used.

It was the seat of the district of the same name until 2006, and is now part of the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District. It is part of the French-speaking area of Switzerland.

Vevey is home to the world headquarters of the international food and beverage company Nestlé, founded here in 1867. Milk chocolate was invented in Vevey by Daniel Peter in 1875, with the aid of Henri Nestlé. The English actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin resided in Vevey from 1952 until his death in 1977.
All-Japan Judo Championships
The All-Japan judo championships (全日本柔道選手権大会, Zennihon jūdō senshuken taikai) is a judo tournament held every year in Japan. The men's tournament is held in Nippon Budokan on 29 April and the women's tournament (dubbed "Empress cup All-Japan women's Judo championships") is held in Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium in April. The Kodokan and All Japan Judo Federation sponsor the championship.

This tournament has only one open-weight division. Weight distinction is held as All-Japan Selected Judo Championships (全日本選抜柔道体重別選手権大会, Zennihon senbatsu jūdō taijūbetsu senshuken taikai) and Kodokan Cup (講道館杯, Kōdōkan hai) particularly.

To Japanese judoka, it is one of the three major judo competitions, next to the judo events at the Summer Olympic Games and World Championships.
Since 2011 All Japan Judo Championship is fought with International rules.

Akira Sone
Akira Sone (素根 輝, Sone Akira; born 9 July 2000) is a Japanese judoka. She won the gold medal in the Women's +78 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics and a silver medal with the Japanese team in the mixed team event at both the 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics. She is also a two-time world champion in her weight category. Sone's favorite techniques are Tai Otoshi and Ouchi Gari.
Laos Mission
The Laos Mission (also, North Laos Mission, North Siam Mission) was founded in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand by the Rev. Daniel McGilvary and Mrs. Sophia McGilvary in April 1867. It was established as a mission of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in the United States.

Chiang Rai Witthayakhom School
Chiang Rai Witthayakhom School (RTGS), locally spelled as Chiengrai Vidhayakhome School (Thai: โรงเรียนเชียงรายวิทยาคม), is a school in Chiang Rai city. It is the oldest school in Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand, and one of the oldest schools in Thailand.
1959–1960 Massachusetts legislature
The 161st Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1959 and 1960 during the governorship of Foster Furcolo. John E. Powers served as president of the Senate and John F. Thompson served as speaker of the House.

John F. Thompson (politician)
John Forbes Thompson (May 20, 1920 – August 12, 1965) was a U.S. politician who was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1949–1964. He served as the House Majority Leader from 1955 to 1957 and Speaker of the House from 1958 to 1964.

Thompson continued to hold the office of speaker in 1964 following a bribery indictment, but did not preside during a debate on a motion to declare the office vacant, which was defeated on May 11, 1964. Nor did he preside from the rostrum for the remainder of the annual session that ended in the early morning of July 4, 1964. He was reelected as State Representative in November, 1964.  He was not a candidate for Speaker when the House convened in 1965. He died before the bribery case was resolved.

John F. Thompson Hall, a center for social and behavioral science classrooms and offices at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, is named after him.
U. Rama Rao
Udipi Rama Rau or U. Rama Rau (17 September 1874 - 12 May 1952) was an Indian politician from the Madras Presidency. He belonged to the Indian National Congress.

He was a medical doctor by profession and was the founder of a medical journal called Antiseptic along with T. M. Nair. He was one of the co-founders and later president of the Indian Medical Association. He served as a councilor in the Madras Corporation and in 1927 became a member of the Madras Legislative Council. He played a significant role in setting up the Madras Music Academy and served as its president in 1935. He was also nominated to the upper house of the Central Legislature of British India - the Council of State. During 1937–45, he served as the chairman of the upper house of the Madras legislature. His son U. Krishna Rau was also a doctor and politician. Rama Rau is also the great grandfather of Arvind Adiga.

Council of State (India)
The Council of State was the upper house of the legislature for British India (the Imperial Legislative Council) created by the Government of India Act 1919 from the old Imperial Legislative Council, implementing the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms. The Central Legislative Assembly was the lower house.

As a result of Indian independence, the Council of State was dissolved on 14 August 1947 and its place taken by the Constituent Assembly of India and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.

The Council of State used to meet at the Metcalfe House. The Viceroy or Governor-General was its ex officio President.
Unch Majha Zoka
Unch Majha Zoka (transl. High my bow) is an Indian television series directed by Viren Pradhan and was aired on Zee Marathi. The series premiered on 5 March 2012 from Monday to Saturday at 8 pm by replacing Ekach Hya Janmi Janu.

Mahadev Govind Ranade
Rao Bahadur Mahadev Govind Ranade CIE (18 January 1842–16 January 1901), popularly referred to as Nyayamurti Ranade (lit. Justice Ranade), was an Indian scholar, social reformer, judge and author. He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress party and held several designations such as Member of the Bombay Legislative Council and Member of the Finance Committee at the Centre. He was also a judge of the Bombay High Court, Maharashtra.

As a well-known public figure, his personality as a calm and patient optimist influenced his attitude towards dealings with Britain as well as reform in India. During his life, he helped establish the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, Maharashtra Granthottejak Sabha and Prarthana Samaj. He also edited a Bombay Anglo-Marathi daily paper—The Induprakash, founded on his ideology of social and religious reform.

He was accorded the title of Rao Bahadur.
Homer Community Consolidated School District 33C
Homer Community Consolidated School District 33C is an Illinois school district that serves the communities of Homer Glen and Lockport, both in Will County. Students in grades K-8 attend schools in Homer School District 33C. The district's schools are named after past superintendents or former schoolhouses. In the 2023-2024 school year, the district had 3,675 students enrolled across 6 schools.

Students who attend schools in District 33C go to Lockport Township High School in District 205.

Will County, Illinois
Will County is located in the northeastern part of the state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 696,355, an increase of 2.8% from 677,560 in 2010, making it Illinois's fourth-most populous county. The county seat is Joliet. Will County is one of the five collar counties of the Chicago metropolitan area. The portion of Will County around Joliet uses area codes 815 and 779, while 630 and 331 are for far northern Will County and 708 is for central and eastern Will County.
Jim Kimball
Jim Kimball (1965 or 1966 – August 27, 2025) was an American punk drummer. His earlier bands include noise-punk band Laughing Hyenas, Mule, and The Jesus Lizard, as well as The Denison/Kimball Trio (Kimball and former Jesus Lizard bandmate Duane Denison were the only members). Kimball and Kevin Munro left Laughing Hyenas to form Mule with Wig's P.W. Long in the early 1990s.

Kimball died on August 27, 2025, at the age of 59. He was the brother of Olympic silver medalist Bruce Kimball, who was convicted of killing two boys and injuring four others in a drunk-driving incident in 1988.

The Denison/Kimball Trio
The Denison/Kimball Trio (sometimes known as DK3) were a musical duo consisting of American guitarist Duane Denison and American drummer Jim Kimball. Their music was completely instrumental and heavily influenced by jazz, the avant-garde and movie scores. The group's debut album was the soundtrack to Walls in the City, a short film directed by independent filmmaker Jim Sikora and featuring Jesus Lizard front-man David Yow in a bit role. The band's name was changed to DK3 with the release of their third album Neutrons, which included Ken Vandermark on reeds. The members parted ways in 1999 to pursue other interests, with Denison touring for Hank Williams III and forming Tomahawk in 2000.
Felix E. Feist
Felix Ellison Feist (/faɪst/; February 28, 1910 – September 2, 1965) was an American film and television director and writer born in New York City. He is probably best remembered for Deluge (1933), for writing and directing the film noirs The Devil Thumbs a Ride (1947) and The Threat (1949), and for helming the second screen version of the Curt Siodmak sci-fi tale Donovan's Brain (1953), which starred Nancy Davis before she became known as Nancy Reagan.

He directed Judy Garland and Deanna Durbin in their first significant screen appearances, in the 1936 short film Every Sunday.

Every Sunday
Every Sunday (sometimes incorrectly listed as Every Sunday Afternoon or Opera vs. Jazz) is a 1936 American musical short film about two adolescent girls and their efforts to save a public concert series threatened by poor attendance.

Directed by Felix E. Feist, the film served as a screen test for, and is the first significant screen appearance of, two adolescent actresses who soon became stars, Judy Garland and Deanna Durbin. Although only lightly reviewed at the time of its release, the film has garnered a generally positive reputation among Garland biographers.
Lolo Hot Springs, Montana
Lolo Hot Springs (Salish: smtt̓m̓čqi or sntt̓mčqey, "Steam on a Ridge Top" ) is an unincorporated community in Missoula County, Montana, United States. It is centered on a commercial hot springs and contains a hotel and restaurant. Lolo Hot Springs is the westernmost settlement along U.S. Highway 12 in Montana.

The Salish name for the surrounding area is q̓ʷlótqne or čmulši.

The first luge run in North America was built here in 1965.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition passed by and used the springs on June 29, 1806, while traveling east on their return from the mouth of the Columbia River.

Missoula County, Montana
Missoula County (/mɪˈzuːlə/ ⓘ miz-OO-lə) is a county located in the state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 117,922, making it Montana's third most populous county. Its county seat and most populous city is Missoula. The county was founded in 1860. Missoula County comprises the Missoula, MT Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is not a consolidated city-county.
Aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase
In enzymology, an aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase (EC 1.14.17.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + ascorbate + O2  ethylene + cyanide + dehydroascorbate + CO2 + 2 H2O

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, ascorbate, and O2, whereas its 5 products are ethylene, cyanide, dehydroascorbate, CO2, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with reduced ascorbate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxygenase (ethylene-forming). Other names in common use include ACC oxidase, and ethylene-forming enzyme.

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a disubstituted cyclic α-amino acid in which a cyclopropane ring is fused to the Cα atom of the amino acid.  It is a white solid.  Many cyclopropane-substituted amino acids are known, but this one occurs naturally. Like glycine, but unlike most α-amino acids, ACC is not chiral.
Extended file attributes
Extended file attributes are file system features that enable users to associate computer files with metadata not interpreted by the filesystem, whereas regular attributes have a purpose strictly defined by the filesystem (such as permissions or records of creation and modification times). Unlike forks, which can usually be as large as the maximum file size, extended attributes are usually limited in size to a value significantly smaller than the maximum file size. Typical uses include storing the author of a document, the character encoding of a plain-text document, or a checksum, cryptographic hash or digital certificate, and discretionary access control information.

In Unix-like systems, extended attributes are usually abbreviated as xattr.

File-system permissions
Typically, a file system maintains permission settings for each stored item – commonly files and directories – that either grant or deny the ability to manipulate file system items. Often the settings allow controlling access based on function such as read, change, navigate, and execute and to different users and groups of users.

One well-established technology was developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX. Another common technology is an access-control list (ACL) with multiple variants implemented in file systems and one codified by POSIX. Since POSIX defines both the older Unix-based technology as well as ACLs, the former is called traditional POSIX permissions for clarity even though it is not a well-known term.

A permission-driven user interface tailors the functionality available to the user based on file system item permissions. For example, the interface might hide menu options that are not allowed based on the permissions stored for an item.
Tom Chorske
Thomas Patrick Chorske (born September 18, 1966) is an American former professional ice hockey player. A forward, he played for eleven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). In September, 2006, he was named color commentator for New Jersey Devils radio broadcasts, a position he only held for one season before resigning. He was replaced with former team color commentator Sherry Ross (who called games from 1992 to 1995).  Chorske returned to Minnesota and now works in business and is hockey analyst for Fox Sports North covering The NHL Minnesota Wild and University of Minnesota Golden Gopher NCAA hockey games.

In 2020, he was named the general manager of the St. Cloud Blizzard in the North American Hockey League.

Southwest High School (Minnesota)
Southwest High School, or simply Southwest, is a four-year comprehensive public high school located in the Linden Hills neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It is one of 10 high schools in the Minneapolis Public Schools district. Southwest offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme.