hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Darwin (operating system)
Darwin is the core Unix-like operating system of macOS, iOS, watchOS, tvOS, iPadOS, audioOS, visionOS, and bridgeOS. It previously existed as an independent open-source operating system, first released by Apple in 2000. It is composed of code derived from NeXTSTEP, FreeBSD and other BSD operating systems, Mach, and other free software projects' code, as well as code developed by Apple. Darwin's unofficial mascot is Hexley the Platypus.

Darwin is mostly POSIX-compatible, but has never, by itself, been certified as compatible with any version of POSIX. Starting with Leopard, macOS has been certified as compatible with the Single UNIX Specification version 3 (SUSv3).

IPadOS
iPadOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple for its iPad line of tablet computers. It was given a name distinct from iOS, the operating system used by Apple's iPhones, to reflect the diverging features of the two product lines, such as multitasking. It was introduced as iPadOS 13, reflecting its status as the successor to iOS 12 for the iPad, and first released to the public on September 24, 2019. Major versions of iPadOS are released annually; the current stable version, iPadOS 26.2.1, was released to the public on January 26, 2026.
A-flat major
A-flat major is a major scale based on A♭, with the pitches A♭, B♭, C, D♭, E♭, F, and G. Its key signature has four flats.

The A-flat major scale is:

The A-flat harmonic major and melodic major scales are

Its relative minor is F minor. Its parallel minor, A-flat minor, would require seven flats and is usually written as the enharmonic key of G-sharp minor instead, with five sharps.

In tuning systems where the number of notes per octave is not a multiple of 12, notes such as G♯ and A♭ are not enharmonically equivalent, nor are the corresponding key signatures. These tunings can produce keys with no analogue in 12-tone equal temperament, possibly requiring double sharps, double flats, or microtonal alterations in key signatures.

Major scale
A major scale is a sequence of musical notes containing a major triad on the tonic.

Most commonly, the term "major scale" refers to the natural major scale (or Ionian mode), which is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music. It is one of the diatonic scales. Like many musical scales, it is made up of seven notes: the eighth duplicates the first at double its frequency so that it is called a higher octave of the same note (from Latin "octavus", the eighth). The notes C–D–E–F–G–A–B form a prototypical major scale.

Some lesser-used scales are also sometimes called major scales, such as the harmonic major scale, the melodic major scale, and the Lydian and Mixolydian diatonic modes.
Make Me a Song (musical)
Make Me a Song is a musical revue, with lyrics and music by William Finn, which was conceived by Rob Ruggiero in 2006.

The revue includes songs from Finn's musicals In Trousers, Falsettos, A New Brain, Elegies: A Song Cycle and Romance in Hard Times, songs written for The Royal Family of Broadway and Songs of Innocence and Experience, musicals that were never professionally produced, and other unpublished songs, notably the title song. There is no dialogue or plot connecting the songs.

A New Brain
A New Brain is a musical with music and lyrics by William Finn and book by Finn and James Lapine. Though many of Finn's previous musicals are to some extent autobiographical, A New Brain deals directly with his own harrowing experience with an arteriovenous malformation and the healing power of art. The protagonist of the musical, Gordon Schwinn, worries that he may not live to complete his work. Finn wrote many of the songs soon after his release from the hospital. The musical premiered Off-Broadway in 1998 and has been revived in the U.S., England and elsewhere.
Aki Kokubunji
Aki Kokubun-ji (安芸国分寺) is an Omuro-school Shingon-sect Buddhist temple in the Yoshiyuki Saijomachi neighborhood of the city of Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan. It is one of the few surviving provincial temples established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710–794). Due to this connection, the foundation stones of the Nara period temple were designated as a National Historic Site in 1932, with the area under protection expanded in 1977, and again in 2002.

Provincial temple
The Kokubun-ji (国分寺; Japanese pronunciation: [ko.kɯ.bɯɲ.dʑi(ꜜ)]) are Buddhist temples established in each of the provinces of Japan by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794). The official name for each temple was Konkomyo Shitenno Gokoku-ji (Konkōmyō Shitennō Gokoku-ji )
Q-Weibull distribution
In statistics, the q-Weibull distribution is a probability distribution that generalizes the Weibull distribution and the Lomax distribution (Pareto Type II). It is one example of a Tsallis distribution.

Lomax distribution
The Lomax distribution, conditionally also called the Pareto Type II distribution, is a heavy-tail probability distribution used in business, economics, actuarial science, queueing theory and Internet traffic modeling.  It is named after K. S. Lomax. It is essentially a Pareto distribution that has been shifted so that its support begins at zero.
Pyramidal inversion
In chemistry, pyramidal inversion (also umbrella inversion) is a fluxional process in compounds with a pyramidal molecule, such as ammonia (NH3) "turns inside out". It is a rapid oscillation of the atom and substituents, the molecule or ion passing through a planar transition state. For a compound that would otherwise be chiral due to a stereocenter, pyramidal inversion allows its enantiomers to racemize. The general phenomenon of pyramidal inversion applies to many types of molecules, including carbanions, amines, phosphines, arsines, stibines, and sulfoxides.

Racemization
In chemistry, racemization is a conversion, by heat or by chemical reaction, of an optically active compound into a racemic (optically inactive) form. This creates a 1:1 molar ratio of enantiomers and is referred to as a racemic mixture (i.e. contain equal amount of (+) and (−) forms). Plus and minus forms are called dextrorotation and levorotation. The D and L enantiomers are present in equal quantities, the resulting sample is described as a racemic mixture or a racemate. Racemization can proceed through a number of different mechanisms, and it has particular significance in pharmacology in as much as different enantiomers may have different pharmaceutical effects.
Vol Network
The Vol Network is the radio and television network of the University of Tennessee Volunteers men's and women's sports teams known as the Vols and Lady Vols. The network was established in 1949, and since 2019, it has been operated by Learfield IMG College.

It consists of two regional sports networks, about 67 radio stations (both AM and FM), as well as eight television stations across Tennessee, also serving varied portions of neighboring states, depending on the station and market.

Some of the Tennessee Vols’ pre-season exhibition and early season basketball games are also streamed via UTSports.com

Tennessee Volunteers
The Tennessee Volunteers and Lady Volunteers are the 20 male and female varsity intercollegiate athletics programs that represent the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee. The Volunteers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). In January 2021, Danny White was introduced as the Volunteers' Director of Athletics.

Men's teams are called the Volunteers (often shortened to "Vols") and women's teams are called the Lady Volunteers ("Lady Vols"). These names come from the nickname of Tennessee, The Volunteer State.
Dar Es-Sultan
Dar Es-Sultan, which can be translated into "Sultan's Domain" - was one of the provinces of the Regency of Algiers. This province was bounded to the north by the Mediterranean Sea, to the east by the Beylik of Constantine, to the south by that of the Beylik of Titteri and to the west by the Western Beylik. Dar Es Sultan included the capital Algiers, the Mitidja plain and the coastline to Tenès.

Transposed on the current territorial divisions, it would consist of the wilayas of Algiers, Tipaza, Blida as well as parts of the wilayas of Chlef, Médéa, Boumerdes and Ain Defla.

Western Beylik
The Beylik of the West (in Arabic: bâylik al-gharb) was one of three Beyliks (governorates) of the Regency of Algiers, with the other two being the Beylik of Titteri and the Beylik of Constantine. It was established in 1563, and it was ended during the French conquest.
Miri Aloni
Miri Aloni (Hebrew: מירי אלוני; born December 25, 1949) is an Israeli singer and actress. Already a popular singer, she became an iconic figure after singing "Shir Lashalom" ("Song for Peace") minutes before the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin in 1995.

Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
Yitzhak Rabin, the prime minister of Israel, was assassinated on 4 November 1995 at 21:30, at the end of a rally in support of the Oslo Accords at Kings of Israel Square in Tel Aviv. The assailant was Yigal Amir, an Israeli law student and far-right ultranationalist who radically opposed the Oslo Accords and Rabin's peace initiative more broadly.
Lété Island
Lété Island (French: Île de Lété) is the largest island in the Niger River, at a length of approximately 16 kilometres and a width of 4 kilometres. Together with other smaller islands in the Niger River, it was the main focus of a border dispute between Niger and Benin, which began when the two countries were still under French rule. The island was historically used by semi-nomadic Fula cattle herders as a dry season pasturage, but farmers began permanently settling on the island after the resolution of the border dispute in 2005.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Dunedin, Florida
Dunedin (/dəˈniːdɪn/ də-NEE-din) is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The name comes from Dùn Èideann, the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland. Dunedin is part of the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater metropolitan area and is the fifth largest city in Pinellas County. The population was 36,068 as of the 2020 census.

Dunedin is home to several beaches, including Dunedin Causeway, Honeymoon Island, and Caladesi Island State Park, which is consistently rated among the best beaches in the world. Dunedin is one of the few open waterfront communities from Sarasota to Cedar Key where buildings do not completely obscure the view of the Intracoastal Waterway and the Gulf of Mexico beyond; a 1-mile (1.6 km) stretch of Edgewater Drive (also known as Alternate US 19) south of downtown offers views of St. Joseph Sound, Clearwater Beach, and Caladesi Island. Downtown Clearwater and Clearwater Beach are a 6-mile (10 km) drive south on Edgewater.

Clearwater, Florida
Clearwater is a city in and the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, United States, west of Tampa and north of St. Petersburg. To the west of Clearwater lies the Gulf of Mexico and to the southeast lies Tampa Bay. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 117,292. It is the smallest of the three principal cities in the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater metropolitan area, most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay area.

Clearwater Beach is part of the city of Clearwater, but is separated from it by the Intracoastal Waterway. Cleveland Street is one of the city's historic avenues, and the city includes BayCare Ballpark and Coachman Park.

The Church of Scientology owns the majority of property in the Clearwater downtown core district.
Commondale railway station
Commondale is a railway station on the Esk Valley Line, which runs between Middlesbrough and Whitby via Nunthorpe. The station, situated 16 miles 72 chains (27.2 km) south-east of Middlesbrough, serves the village of Commondale in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Middlesbrough railway station
Middlesbrough is a railway station on the Durham Coast, Esk Valley and Tees Valley lines. The station serves the town of Middlesbrough, in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by TransPennine Express. Direct destinations include Darlington, Redcar Central, Saltburn, Sunderland, Newcastle, York and Manchester Airport. There is also direct service to London Kings Cross once per weekday.

According to the Office of Rail and Road statistics, Middlesbrough station is the fourth busiest in the North East region, with 1,466,884 total entries and exits (2023–24 period).
Princess Amalie of Saxony
Amalie Marie Friederike Auguste (10 August 1794 – 18 September 1870), Princess of Saxony, full name Maria Amalia Friederike Augusta Karolina Ludovica Josepha Aloysia Anna Nepomucena Philippina Vincentia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal, was a German composer writing under the pen name A. Serena, and a dramatist under the name Amalie Heiter. She was the daughter of Prince Maximilian of Saxony and Princess Carolina of Parma.

Princess Carolina of Parma
Princess Carolina of Parma (Caroline Maria Teresa Giuseppa; 22 November 1770 – 1 March 1804) was a Princess of Parma by birth, and Princess of Saxony by marriage to Prince Maximilian of Saxony. She was the eldest child of Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma, and Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria.
M. S. Balakrishnan
Madura S. Balakrishnan (1917–1990) was a mycologist and phycologist from Madras, India during the Madras Presidency. He served various government positions and worked for some time at the University of Pune (now known as Savitribai Phule Pune University). He was the student of Indian phycologist M.O.P. Iyengar.

M. O. P. Iyengar
Mandayam Osuri Parthasarathy Iyengar (15 December 1886 – 10 December 1963) was a prominent Indian botanist and phycologist who researched the structure, cytology, reproduction and taxonomy of algae. He is known as the "father of  Indian phycology" or "father of algology in India". He was the first President of Phycological Society of India. He primarily studied the Volvocales. He was the brother of M. O. T. Iyengar.
Practical Peripherals
Practical Peripherals, Inc., was a private American computer peripheral manufacturer active from 1981 to 1999 and based in Los Angeles County. Founded by Michael Seedman, the company specialized in telecommunications products, primarily modems, for personal computers. Seedman led the company from its inception in 1981 until 1993, after Practical Peripherals was sold to Hayes Microcomputer Products.

The company ventured into the market with print buffers under the Microbuffer brand, offering various forms tailored for different systems and needs.  Around 1985, the company expanded its product line by introducing modems, under the brand name Practical Modem (PM). In 1989, Practical was acquired by Hayes, who kept the company around as a subsidiary until 1999, when Hayes themselves were bought out by Zoom Telephonics.

Zoom Telephonics
Zoom Telephonics, Inc. was an American networking company that began as a manufacturer of modems and other computer networking and telephony hardware. The company was founded by two MIT graduates in 1977. Following a 2020 merger with Minim, Inc., Zoom adopted this name and moved their headquarters from Boston, Massachusetts, to Manchester, New Hampshire. As Minim, the company sold cable modems, gateways, WiFi routers, mesh WiFi systems, and other home networking products, with an emphasis on home automation. In 2024, following financial turmoil, Minim was acquired by e2Companies, an energy management company based in Florida.
Podoconiosis
Podoconiosis, also known as nonfilarial elephantiasis, is a disease of the lymphatic vessels of the lower extremities that is caused by chronic exposure to irritant soils. It is the second most common cause of tropical lymphedema after lymphatic filariasis, and it is characterized by prominent swelling of the lower extremities, which leads to disfigurement and disability. Methods of prevention include wearing shoes and using floor coverings. Mainstays of treatment include daily foot hygiene, compression bandaging, and when warranted, surgery of overlying nodules.

Filariasis
Filariasis is a filarial infection caused by parasitic nematodes (roundworms) spread by different vectors. They are included in the list of neglected tropical diseases.

The most common type is lymphatic filariasis caused by three species of Filaria that are spread by mosquitoes. Other types of filariasis are onchocerciasis also known as river blindness caused by Onchocerca volvulus; Loa loa filariasis (Loiasis) caused by Loa loa; Mansonelliasis caused by three species of Mansonella, and  Dirofilariasis caused by two types of Dirofilaria. All of these worms belong to the superfamily Filarioidea.
HMS Melita (1888)
HMS Melita was a Royal Navy Mariner-class composite screw sloop of 8 guns, launched in 1888 and commissioned in 1892. She was the only significant Royal Navy warship ever to be built in Malta Dockyard, She was renamed HMS Ringdove in 1915 as a salvage vessel and in 1920 was sold to the Falmouth Docks Company, which changed her name to Ringdove's Aid.  She was sold again in 1926 to the Liverpool & Glasgow Salvage Association, renamed Restorer, and finally broken up in 1937, 54 years after her keel was laid.

Mariner-class gunvessel
The Mariner class was a class of six 8-gun gunvessels (sloops from  1884) built for the Royal Navy between 1883 and 1888. Four were built in the Naval Dockard at Devonport, and two elsewhere; the Acorn was built by contract at Jacobs Pill on the Pembroke River (a private yard founded in the 1870s by Sir Edward Reed), while the Melita was built in the Malta Dockyard, the only substantial ship of the Royal Navy ever to be built in the island.
Metallopeptide
Metallopeptides (also called metal-peptides or metal peptide complexes) are peptides that contain one or more metal ions in their structure. This specific type of peptide are, just like metalloproteins, metallofoldamers. And very similar to metalloproteins, metallopeptide's functionality is attributed through the contained metal ion cofactor. These short structured peptides are often employed to develop mimics of metalloproteins and systems similar to artificial metalloenzymes.

A multitude of naturally occurring peptides display biological and chemical activities when bound to various metal ions. Where different metal ion cofactor can lead to different reactivity and even different folding and physical characteristics (e.g. solubility or stability) of the structure. Synthetic equivalents of such peptides are engineered to bind metal ions and display a variety of physical, chemical, and biological reactivity and characteristics.

Metalloprotein
Metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that contains a metal ion cofactor. A large proportion of all proteins are part of this category. For instance, at least 1000 human proteins (out of ~20,000) contain zinc-binding protein domains although there may be up to 3000 human zinc metalloproteins.
Villarreal CF (youth)
Villarreal Club de Futbol Juvenil are the under-19 team of Spanish professional football club Villarreal. 
They play in the Group VII of the División de Honor Juvenil de Fútbol where their main rivals are Valencia and Levante.

They also participate in the national Copa de Campeones Juvenil and the Copa del Rey Juvenil, qualification for which is dependent on final league group position, and have taken part in the continental UEFA Youth League.

División de Honor Juvenil de Fútbol
The División de Honor Juvenil is the top level of the Spanish football league system for youth players 19  years old and under. The División de Honor is administered by the RFEF through the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Aficionado (LNFA).
Eunisses Hernandez
Eunisses Hernandez (born 1990) is an American activist and politician, currently serving as a member of the Los Angeles City Council for the 1st district since 2022. A member of the Democratic Party and the Democratic Socialists of America, Hernandez defeated incumbent councilmember Gil Cedillo during the primary in an upset in the 2022 election.

A self-described police and prison abolitionist, Hernandez was endorsed by progressive groups and leaders like City Councilman Mike Bonin and Dolores Huerta, as well as the Los Angeles Times. Hernandez declared victory on June 18, 2022, before the final vote tally, which was certified on July 1, 2022. Cedillo conceded the same day.

Mike Bonin
Michael Bonin (born March 19, 1967) is an American politician, who served as a member of the Los Angeles City Council for the 11th district from 2013 to 2022. A progressive member of the Democratic Party, he was previously a reporter and a council staffer.
Gödenroth
Gödenroth (German pronunciation: [ˈɡøːdn̩ʁoːt]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kastellaun, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Kastellaun
Kastellaun (German pronunciation: [kastɛˈlaʊn] ⓘ) is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality.
ʻEua
ʻEua [ʔe.ˈu.a], formerly Middelburg Island, is an island in the kingdom of Tonga. It is close to Tongatapu, but forms a separate administrative division. It has an area of 87.44 km2 (33.76 sq mi), and a population in 2021 of 4,903 people. The island leads in agriculture, tourism, and some of the forestry helps the island economically.

Tongatapu
Tongatapu is the main island of Tonga and the site of its capital, Nukuʻalofa. Approximately 260 square kilometres (100 square miles) in size, it is located in Tonga's southern island group, to which it gives its name and it is the country's most populous island, with 74,611 residents (2016) or roughly 70.5% of the total population.

Tongatapu has experienced more rapid economic development than the other islands of Tonga, and has become a business, trade and labor center of the country.
1995 Air Canada Cup
The 1995 Air Canada Cup was Canada's 17th annual national midget 'AAA' hockey championship, which was played April 19 – 25, 1995 at Sherbrooke, Quebec.  The Thunder Bay Kings defeated the Red Deer Chiefs in the championship game to win the gold medal. The Gouverneurs de Ste-Foy won the bronze medal. Future National Hockey League players competing in this tournament were Brad Leeb and Derek Morris.

Telus Cup
The Telus Cup is Canada's national under-18 ice hockey club championship. It is an annual event, held by Hockey Canada each April. From 1979 to 2003, the national championship was sponsored by Air Canada.

The current champions are the Regina Pat Canadians who won the 2025 Telus Cup.
Atlético Madrid (youth)
Club Atlético de Madrid Juvenil are the under-19 team of Spanish professional football club Atlético Madrid.
They play in the Group V of the División de Honor Juvenil de Fútbol where their main rivals are Real Madrid and Rayo Vallecano.

They also participate in the national Copa de Campeones Juvenil and the Copa del Rey Juvenil, qualification for which is dependent on final league group position, and have taken part in the continental UEFA Youth League.

Copa de Campeones Juvenil de Fútbol
The Copa de Campeones de Juvenil is the tournament created by the RFEF to determine the overall youth champion of Spain.

Since the 2014–15 season, the winner of this competition will qualify for the UEFA Youth League.