hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adverb
An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a clause, a preposition, or a sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, or level of certainty by answering questions such as how, in what way, when, where, to what extent. This is called the adverbial function and may be performed by an individual adverb, by an adverbial phrase, or by an adverbial clause.

Adverbs are traditionally regarded as one of the parts of speech. Modern linguists note that the term adverb has come to be used as a kind of "catch-all" category, used to classify words with various types of syntactic behavior, not necessarily having much in common except that they do not fit into any of the other available categories (noun, adjective, preposition, etc.).

Clause
In language, a clause is a constituent or phrase that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate. A typical clause consists of a subject and a syntactic predicate, the latter typically a verb phrase composed of a verb with or without any objects and other modifiers. However, the subject is sometimes unexpressed if it is easily deducible from the context, especially in null-subject languages but also in other languages, including instances of the imperative mood in English.

A complete simple sentence contains a single clause with a finite verb. Complex sentences contain at least one clause subordinated to (dependent on) an independent clause (one that could stand alone as a simple sentence), which may be co-ordinated with other independents with or without dependents. Some dependent clauses are non-finite, i.e. they do not contain any element/verb marking a specific tense.
Geology of New England
New England is a region in the North Eastern United States consisting of the states Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine. Most of New England consists geologically of volcanic island arcs that accreted onto the eastern edge of the Laurentian Craton in prehistoric times. Much of the bedrock found in New England is heavily metamorphosed due to the numerous mountain building events that occurred in the region. These events culminated in the formation of Pangaea; the coastline as it exists today was created by rifting during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The most recent rock layers are glacial conglomerates.

Bedrock
In geology, bedrock is the solid rock that lies under weathered rock and unconsolidated or loose superficial deposits (together known as regolith) in the near surface part of Earth's crust or the crust of another terrestrial planet. The top of the bedrock is known as rockhead.
Hetmans' Party
The Hetmans' Party (Polish: Stronnictwo hetmańskie), also known as the Magnates' Party (Stronnictwo magnackie), the Muscovite Party (Stronnictwo moskiewskie), the Conservative Party (Stronnictwo konserwatywne) and the Old-Nobility Party (Stronnictwo staroszlacheckie), was a political party that opposed reforms advocated in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Patriotic Party. The Hetmans' Party was aligned with the Russian Empire and supported preservation of the status quo and the "Golden Freedoms". Its various names come from the fact that it was headed by two hetmans (commanders of Commonwealth military forces), represented the interests of conservative nobles and magnates, and was aligned with the Russian Empire.

Hetman
Hetman is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Hetman was also the title of the head of the Cossack state in Ukraine after  the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648. Throughout much of the history of Romania and Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors.
Otole dance
The Otole is a traditional war dance of the Acholi people of Northern Uganda. It historically served both as a form of pre-combat training and cultural expression, educating young generations about warfare and community defense through performance. Participants historically consisted of physically strong men and selected women, typically between the ages of 30 and 50.

Acholi people
The Acholi people (/əˈtʃoʊ.li/ ə-CHOH-li, also spelled Acoli) are a Nilotic ethnic group of Luo peoples (also spelled Lwo), found in Magwi County in South Sudan and Northern Uganda (an area commonly referred to as Acholiland), including the districts of Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Nwoya, Lamwo, Pader and Omoro District. The Acholi living in Uganda were estimated to number 1.9 million people in 2024 and over 45,000 more were living in South Sudan in 2000.
Cleddau Bridge
The Cleddau Bridge (pronounced [ˈklɛðai], Welsh: Pont Cleddau) in Pembrokeshire, Wales, carries the A477 road over the River Cleddau between Neyland and Pembroke Dock.

Errors in the box girder design caused the collapse during construction in 1970. The bridge became operational during 1975. The bridge is managed by Pembrokeshire County Council.

River Cleddau
The River Cleddau (Welsh: Afon Cleddau) consists of the Eastern and Western Cleddau rivers in Pembrokeshire, west Wales.  They unite to form the Daugleddau estuary and the harbour of Milford Haven Waterway.

The name of the combined estuary – the Daugleddau – means “the two Cleddaus”. The name Cleddau, whilst seeming to be a plural ('-au' generally denotes plurality in Welsh) comes from the Welsh word cleddyf meaning 'sword' and refers perhaps to the manner in which both rivers are incised into the landscape of Pembrokeshire. A number of former Anglican parishes in the area have been combined to form the modern Church in Wales parish of Daugleddau in the Diocese of St Davids.
Brian Binnie
William Brian Binnie (April 26, 1953 – September 15, 2022) was a United States Navy officer and one of the test pilots for SpaceShipOne, the experimental spaceplane developed by Scaled Composites and flown from 2003 to 2004.

Scaled Composites
Scaled Composites (often called simply Scaled) is an American aerospace company founded by Burt Rutan and currently owned by Northrop Grumman. It is located at the Mojave Air and Space Port in Mojave, California, United States. Founded to develop experimental aircraft, the company now focuses on designing and developing concept craft and prototype fabrication processes for aircraft and other vehicles. It is known for unconventional designs, for its use of non-metal, composite materials, and for winning the Ansari X Prize with its experimental spacecraft SpaceShipOne.
Bill Middleton
William George Middleton (1920–1951) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s.

Bill 'China' Middleton was a St. George junior player from the Kogarah Wanderers Club. He was graded in 1942 and played two years of first grade.

Middleton played right through the 1940s in the lower grades at St. George and after retiring, he was elected on the Club Committee.

He is not to be confused with a North Sydney player with the same name during the same era.

Middleton died suddenly on 2 May 1951 at Kogarah, New South Wales, age 31. Leading Sydney Jockeys got together on Sunday 10 June 1951 at Prince Alfred Park at Carlton, New South Wales in a goal kicking challenge to raise money for Bill's wife and young family.

Kogarah, New South Wales
Kogarah (/kɒɡərə/) is a suburb of Southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Kogarah is located 14 kilometres (9 miles) south of the Sydney central business district and is considered to be the centre of the St George area.
Antorborti
Antorborti (Bengali: অন্তর্বর্তী, lit. 'In Between') is an upcoming Bangladeshi Bengali-language mystery-drama-romance  genre film written and directed by S M Kayum, in his feature directorial debut.  The film features Ahmed Rubel and Neelanjona Neela, with Naresh Bhuiyan making an extended cameo appearance.

Gohin Baluchor
Gohin Baluchor (Bengali: গহীন বালুচর) is a 2017 Bangladeshi drama film directed by Badrul Anam Saud and starring Suborna Mustafa, Raisul Islam Asad, Fazlur Rahman Babu, Afroza Banu, Jeetu Ahsan, Runa Khan, Shormi Mala, Shahana Rahman Sumi, Neelanjona Neela, Abu Hurayra Tanvir, Jannatun Nur Moon
Glimmande nymf
Glimmande nymf (Glimmering Nymph), is a song by the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 72. It is subtitled "Lemnad vid Cajsa Lisas Säng, sent om en afton" (Left by Cajsa Lisa's Bed, late one evening), and set to a melody by Egidio Duni. A night-piece, it depicts a Rococo muse in the Ulla Winblad mould, asleep in her bed in Stockholm, complete with allusions to both classical and Nordic mythology.

Bellman's biographer, Paul Britten Austin, calls the song exquisitely delicate. It is innocently worded but clearly erotic; the initial version culminated in an account of orgasm. The mood is conveyed with a description of a rainbow — after sunset, abandoning realism for poetic effect. The melody has been called "languorous and intense".

Paul Britten Austin
Paul Britten Austin (5 April 1922 – 25 July 2005) was an English author, translator, broadcaster, administrator, and scholar of Swedish literature.

He is known in particular for his translations of and books on the Swedish musician, singer and poet Carl Michael Bellman, including his prizewinning book The Life and Songs of Carl Michael Bellman. He also translated books by many other Swedish authors.

Alongside his work on Swedish literature, Austin spent 25 years assembling a trilogy of history books, 1812: Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, telling the story of Napoleon Bonaparte's failed campaign entirely through eyewitness accounts.
London Consortium
From 1993 to 2012, The London Consortium was a graduate school in the UK offering multidisciplinary Masters and Doctoral programs in the humanities and cultural studies at the University of London. It was administered by Birkbeck, University of London, one of the constituent colleges of the University of London, and fell under the Humanities list of courses at Birkbeck.

The London Consortium was a collaborative program composed of Birkbeck, the Architectural Association, Institute of Contemporary Arts, the Science Museum and the Tate Gallery. As of 2013, The London Consortium exists solely as a legacy partnership between the constituent institutions for the benefit of the remaining PhD students until the completion of their dissertations.

Science Museum, London
The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually in 2019.

Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission, although visitors are requested to make a donation if they are able. Temporary exhibitions may incur an admission fee.

It is one of the five museums in the Science Museum Group.
Utpal Borpujari
Utpal Borpujari is a double National Film Award winner; one, as a film critic, and the other, as a filmmaker. In 2003, he won the Swarna Kamal for Best Film Critic at the 50th National Film Awards of India. In 2018, he won the National Film Award, and 5 Assam State Film Awards for his debut feature film Ishu

He holds an M.Tech degree in Applied Geology from the Indian Institute of Technology (Roorkee). And is a member of the Film Critics Circle of India

National Film Award for Best Film Critic
The National Film Award for Best Film Critic is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus).

The award was instituted in 1984, at 32nd National Film Awards and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages.
Joe Schiavoni
Joseph L. Schiavoni (born September 21, 1979) is an American politician and judge who served as a member of the Ohio Senate and Ohio Senate Minority Leader. A member of the Democratic Party, Schiavoni was elected in 2020 to serve as a Judge in the Mahoning County, Ohio Court System.

John Boccieri
John Stephen Anthony Boccieri (born October 5, 1969) is an American aviator, military veteran, and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented the 59th district in the Ohio House of Representatives from 2015 to 2018. Boccieri previously served as the U.S. representative for Ohio's 16th congressional district from 2009 to 2011, as an Ohio state senator from 2007 to 2008, and as an Ohio state representative from 2001 to 2006.
Ulmus 'San Zanobi'
Ulmus 'San Zanobi' is a hybrid elm cultivar raised by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP) in Florence, from a crossing of the Dutch hybrid 'Plantyn' (female parent) and the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila clone 'S 15'; it was released to commerce in 2002. 'San Zanobi' was introduced to the UK in 2004 by Hampshire & Isle of Wight Branch, Butterfly Conservation, as part of its assessment of DED-resistant cultivars as potential hosts of the endangered White-letter Hairstreak.

Elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ranging southward in Western Asia to Iran, in Africa to Libya, and in Southeast Asia into Indonesia.

Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests. Moreover, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, many species and cultivars were also planted as ornamental street, garden, and park trees in Europe, North America, and parts of the Southern Hemisphere, notably Australasia. Some individual elms reached great size and age. However, in recent decades, most mature elms of European or North American origin have died from Dutch elm disease, caused by a microfungus dispersed by bark beetles. In response, disease-resistant cultivars have been developed, capable of restoring the elm to forestry and landscaping.
Guilty Gear X
Guilty Gear X, subtitled By Your Side in Japan, is a fighting game developed by Arc System Works and published by Sammy Studios. The second installment of the Guilty Gear series, Guilty Gear X was developed over a period of about two years after the first game's success. It was released in July 2000 for Japanese arcades, re-released on Dreamcast in December 2000, and later ported to PlayStation 2 in November 2001 and Game Boy Advance in January 2002.

Guilty Gear X continues its predecessor's timeline with new characters and gameplay features. A four-button game, its instant-kill techniques were weakened and a survival mode was added to the previous game's three modes. The Dreamcast and PS2 versions have sold over 100,000 copies in Japan; they have been praised for their graphics, controls and characters but criticized for their lack of replay value. The GBA version was the poorest-received, with the main complaints concerning ease and graphics.

Survival mode
Survival mode, or horde mode, is a game mode in a video game in which the player must continue playing for as long as possible without dying in an uninterrupted session while the game presents them with increasingly difficult waves of challenges. A variant of the mode requires that the player last for a certain finite amount of time or number of waves, after which victory is achieved and the mode ends. Survival mode has been compared to the gameplay of classic arcade games, where players face off against increasingly stronger waves of enemies. This mode was intended to give the game a definite and sometimes sudden ending, so that other players could then play the arcade game as well.
Miles Tolbert
Miles Tolbert is an American lawyer from the state of Oklahoma who served as the Oklahoma Secretary of the Environment in the Cabinet of Governor Brad Henry. Tolbert was appointed by Henry in 2003 and served until his resignation in 2008. Tolbert was succeeded by J.D. Strong, Tolbert's chief of staff, as Secretary.

Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet
The Cabinet of the governor of Oklahoma is a body of the most senior appointed officials of the executive branch of the government of Oklahoma. Originally an informal meeting between the governor of Oklahoma and various government officials, the governor's Cabinet has evolved into an important information link between the governor and the various agencies, boards and commissions that operate within state government.

Cabinet officers are appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the Oklahoma Senate. Once confirmed, all members of the Cabinet receive the title "Secretary" and serve at the pleasure of the governor. The Cabinet is responsible for advising the governor on the operations and policies of the state government.

The current Cabinet is serving under Governor Kevin Stitt.
Cheng Li-chiun
Cheng Li-chiun (Chinese: 鄭麗君; pinyin: Zhèng Lìjūn; born 19 June 1969) is a Taiwanese politician who has served as the vice premier of the Republic of China since 2024. Before her vice premiership, she served as the minister of Culture from 2016 to 2020.

Vice Premier of the Republic of China
The Vice Premier of the Republic of China (Chinese: 行政院副院長; pinyin: Xíngzhèng Yuàn Fù Yuànzhǎng; lit. 'Vice President of the Executive Yuan') serves as the deputy to the premier and is appointed by the president, on the recommendation of the Premier. The title of vice premier had been changed several times, so this list is divided into several sections. This includes both vice premiers of the Republic of China before 1949, when the seat of government was in Mainland China, and vice premiers since 1949, when the seat of government was relocated to Taiwan.
Juanjo (footballer, born 1985)
Juan José Expósito Ruiz (born 28 October 1985), commonly known as Juanjo, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He amassed Segunda División totals of 276 matches and 43 goals over ten seasons, in representation of Sevilla Atlético, Alavés, Córdoba, Salamanca, Numancia, Ponferradina, Tenerife, Llagostera and Almería. In La Liga, he appeared for Racing de Santander and Sevilla.

Córdoba CF
Córdoba Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa]), is a Spanish football club based in Córdoba, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1954 after the dissolution of RCD Córdoba, the team currently plays in the Segunda Division, with its home matches at the Estadio Nuevo Arcángel, which has a capacity of 25,800 seats.
Benedetto Servolini
Benedetto Servolini (February 25, 1805 in Florence – 1879) was an Italian painter, mainly of historical subjects.

In 1822, a watercolor sketch won a minor award from the Academy of Fine Arts of Florence. Silvestro Lega was a pupil of Servolini. Servolini taught at the Academy of Florence. Among his works, are:

Mary Stuart

The (Girdle of) Hippolyta and Deianira

Buondelmonte Buondelmonti

Death of Filippo Strozzi (1833, now at the Accademia, Florence).

Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze (lit. 'academy of fine arts of Florence') is an instructional art academy in Florence, in Tuscany, in central Italy.

It was founded by Cosimo I de' Medici in 1563, under the influence of Giorgio Vasari. Michelangelo, Benvenuto Cellini and other significant artists have been associated with it.

Like other state art academies in Italy, it became an autonomous degree-awarding institution under law no. 508 dated 21 December 1999, and falls under the administration of the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, the Italian ministry of education and research.

The adjacent (but unaffiliated) Galleria dell'Accademia houses the original David by Michelangelo.
Joe Carter's 1993 World Series home run
Joe Carter's 1993 World Series home run was a baseball play that occurred in Game 6 of the 1993 World Series on October 23, 1993, at SkyDome in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In the bottom of the ninth inning, Joe Carter hit a one-out, three-run walk-off home run off Philadelphia Phillies closer Mitch Williams to give the Toronto Blue Jays its second consecutive championship.

It was the first World Series win with a walk-off home run by a team that was trailing, and just the second World Series to end on a walk-off home run. In 1960, Pittsburgh Pirates second baseman Bill Mazeroski hit a home run off New York Yankees pitcher Ralph Terry to win Game 7 by a score of 10–9.

Radio sportscaster Tom Cheek's call of "Touch 'em all Joe, you'll never hit a bigger home run in your life!" is regarded as an iconic moment in Toronto sports history.

Mitch Williams
Mitchell Steven Williams (born November 17, 1964), nicknamed "Wild Thing", is an American former relief pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) who played for six teams from 1986 to 1997. He was also a studio analyst for the MLB Network from 2009 to 2014.

Williams, a left-hander with a high-90s fastball and major control issues, was largely effective, especially in the early part of his career earning 192 saves in his 11 seasons including a career high of 43 in 1993. He gave up a walk-off home run to Joe Carter of the Toronto Blue Jays in the sixth game of the 1993 World Series, which gave Toronto a World Series championship win over the Phillies.  Williams' career went into decline afterward, although he played in parts of three more major league seasons.
Buchepalli Siva Prasad Reddy
Buchepalli Siva Prasad Reddy is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He represented Darsi constituency in the 13th assembly term from the Indian National Congress (INC). After he joined YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) in 2014, he lost Darsi constituency. In 2019 he could not contest elections because of family problems. He studied in B.V. Subbayya school in Pernamitta. Prior to entering politics he did his doctorate from Sri Ramachandra Medical College.

YSR Congress Party
The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (lit. 'Youth, Labour, and Farmer Congress Party', YSRCP or YCP), often shortened to simply the YSR Congress Party, is an Indian regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The party was initially registered with Election Commission of India by Kolishetti Shiva Kumar. Thereafter, the party was taken over by its current president, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, having served as the state's chief minister from 2019-2024. It currently has 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.