hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tumaco-La Tolita culture
The Tumaco-La Tolita culture or Tulato culture, also known as the Tumaco Culture in Colombia or as the Tolita Culture in Ecuador was an archaeological culture that inhabited the northern coast of Ecuador and the southern coast of Colombia during the Pre-Columbian era. It takes its name from the two most representative archaeological sites of the culture, the Isla del Morro in the city of Tumaco and the Isla de la Tolita. They are known for the construction of earthen mounds known as Tolas, ceramic crafts and especially metalworking, since they handled gold with great skill and were also the first artisans in the world to work with platinum.

Mound
A mound is a heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris. Most commonly, mounds are earthen formations such as hills and mountains, particularly if they appear artificial. A mound may be any rounded area of topographically higher elevation on any surface.   Artificial mounds have been created for a variety of reasons throughout history, including habitation (see Tell and Terp), ceremonial (platform mound), burial (tumulus), and commemorative purposes (e.g. Kościuszko Mound).
Czartoryski
The House of Czartoryski (feminine form: Czartoryska, plural: Czartoryscy; Lithuanian: Čartoriskiai) is a Polish princely family of Lithuanian-Ruthenian origin, also known as the Familia. The family, which derived their kin from the Gediminids dynasty, by the mid-17th century had split into two branches, based in the Klevan Castle and the Korets Castle, respectively. They used the Czartoryski coat of arms and were a noble family of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century.

The Czartoryski and the Potocki were the two most influential aristocratic families of the last decades of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795).

Princely houses of Poland and Lithuania
The princely houses of Poland and Lithuania differed from other princely houses in Europe. The Polish and Lithuanian nobility (szlachta) could not be granted noble titles by the King in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as hereditary titles, with some exceptions, were largely forbidden. Therefore, the title of prince either dated to the times before the Union of Lublin, which created the Commonwealth in 1569, or was granted to some nobles (usually magnates) by foreign kings. Due to the longstanding history of common statehood, some noble families often described as "Polish" actually originated in Grand Duchy of Lithuania and are of Lithuanian or Ruthenian descent.
Albina Mayorova
Albina Mayorova (born 16 May 1977), née Albina Gennadyevna Ivanova (Russian: Альбина Геннадьевна Иванова), is a Russian long-distance runner who competes in marathon races. She has a personal best of 2:23:52 hours for the distance. Since her marathon debut in 2001, she has won international races in Dubai, Nagano, Singapore and Nagoya. She has also had top four finishes at the Chicago, London and Honolulu Marathons.

She represented Russia in the marathon at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2006 European Athletics Championships. She was the 2005 Russian champion in cross country running and also competed for Russia at the 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She competed in the marathon at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics.

Honolulu Marathon
The Honolulu Marathon (branded JAL Honolulu Marathon for sponsorship reasons) is a marathon (26.2 miles or 42.2km) in Honolulu, Hawaii. It was first held on December 16, 1973, and it typically takes places on the second Sunday in December. The marathon is popular for its tropical location in Hawaii, and is also popular among first-time marathoners, many of whom are visitors from Japan. Japan Air Lines has been the title sponsor of the race since 1985.

About 20,000 runners finish the Honolulu Marathon each year, and it is one of the five largest marathons in the United States. Entry to the Honolulu Marathon is open to anyone, and there is neither a lottery nor a set of qualifying times. There is also no time limit to finish the course. From 1973 to 2006, more than 585,000 runners have started the Honolulu Marathon, with over 482,000 finishers, for a finishing rate of over 82%.
Leandro Vissotto
Leandro Vissotto Neves (born 30 April 1983) is a Brazilian volleyball player, a member of Brazil men's national volleyball team and Brazilian club EMS Taubaté Funvic. Vissotto is a winner silver medalist of the Olympic Games London 2012, World Champion 2010, silver medalist of the 2014 World Championship, bronze medalist of the 2011 World Cup, multimedalist of the World League, 2015 Japanese Champion, 2018 Brazilian Superliga Champion and MVP of final .

2011 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup
The 2011 FIVB Men's World Cup was held from 20 November to 4 December 2011 in Japan. The tournament was the first step in the qualification process for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, England, United Kingdom. The top three teams qualified for the Olympics, and joined Great Britain as they had already secured a berth as the host country.
For Georgia
Gakharia For Georgia (Georgian: გახარია საქართველოსთვის, romanized: gakharia sakartvelostvis) is a political party in Georgia founded in 2021 by Giorgi Gakharia, former Prime Minister for Georgian Dream. The party is in opposition against Georgian Dream, with 12 seats in the Georgian parliament.

Parliament of Georgia
The Parliament of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს პარლამენტი, romanized: sakartvelos p'arlament'i) is the supreme national legislature of Georgia. It is a unicameral parliament, currently consisting of 150 members elected through fully proportional election. The current convocation of the Georgian Parliament is 11th.

All members of the Parliament are elected for four years on the basis of universal suffrage. The Constitution of Georgia grants the Parliament of Georgia a legislative power, which is partially devolved to the legislatures of the autonomous republics of Adjara and Abkhazia.
Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (Ojibwe: Gaa-Miskwaabikaang) is a band of Ojibwe Native Americans.  The Red Cliff Band is located on the Red Cliff Indian Reservation, on Lake Superior in Bayfield County, Wisconsin. Red Cliff, Wisconsin, is the administrative center. Red Cliff is notable for being the band closest to the spiritual center of the Ojibwe nation, Madeline Island. As of November 2010, there were 5,312 enrolled members, with about half living on the reservation and the rest living in the city of Bayfield or the Belanger Settlement.

Bayfield, Wisconsin
Bayfield a city in Bayfield County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 584 at the 2020 census, making it the city with the smallest population in Wisconsin.

Wisconsin Highway 13 serves as a main route in the community. Formerly the county seat and home to industries in lumbering and commercial fishing, today it is a tourist and resort destination referred to as the "Gateway to the Apostle Islands".
Ronnie Edwards (footballer)
Ronnie Lee Edwards (born 28 March 2003) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for EFL Championship club Queens Park Rangers and the England U21 national team.

Edwards began his career with Barnet before earning a move to Peterborough United in 2020. In his first season, Peterborough won promotion to the Championship. In the following season, Edwards became a regular starter for the club, winning the Player of the Season award. In the 2023–24 season, Edwards was a member of the Peterborough team that won the EFL Trophy as well as winning the League One Young Player of the Season award. His form earned him a £3 million move to Premier League side Southampton. He joined Queens Park Rangers on loan in January 2025.

Edwards has represented England at youth level, winning the 2022 UEFA European Under-19 Championship and 2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. He has also played for England at under-20 level.

England national under-20 football team
England national under-20 football team, also known as England Under-20s or England U20(s), represents England in association football at an under-20 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England.

England were champions of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, after defeating Venezuela in the final of the 2017 tournament.

From October 2023, the squad was rebranded as the England Men's Elite League Squad to reflect their participation in the Under 20 Elite League. This reverted back to England U20s in August 2025.
Denis Godeas
Denis Godeas (born 25 July 1975) is an Italian football coach and former player who is assistant coach for Italian Serie D club Cjarlins Muzane.

He amassed Serie B totals of 364 games and 109 goals over the course of 13 seasons, mainly at the service of Triestina. In Serie A he represented Como, Palermo and Chievo, in a 23-year professional career.

Palermo FC
Palermo Football Club (Italian pronunciation: [paˈlɛrmo] ⓘ) is an Italian professional football club based in Palermo, Sicily, that currently plays in Serie B, the second division of Italian football. It is part of the City Football Group.

Founded for the first time on 1 November 1900 as Anglo Palermitan Athletic and Football Club, Palermo is one of the oldest clubs in Italy.

Among the club's accomplishments are a Coppa Italia Serie C, won in the 1992–93, and five Serie B league titles. It also appeared in three Coppa Italia finals: in 1973–74, in 1978–79 and in 2010–11. It has played 29 seasons in Serie A.

Internationally, the club has made five appearances in European competitions, all in the UEFA Cup/Europa League.
WKVR (FM)
WKVR (102.5 MHz) is a noncommercial FM radio station licensed to Baltimore, Ohio, United States. Owned by the Educational Media Foundation, this station serves much of the Columbus metropolitan area as an affiliate of K-Love. WKVR's transmitter resides off Pickerington Road in Carroll; in addition to a standard analog transmission, WKVR is available online.

WJYD
WJYD (106.3 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to London, Ohio, United States, and featuring an urban gospel format known on air as "Joy 106.3". Owned by Urban One, the station serves the Columbus metropolitan area.

The studios and offices are on East First Avenue, just north of downtown. The transmitter is off London-Lockbourne Road in London.
Ramalina farinacea
Ramalina farinacea is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It appears as small, shrub-like tufts typically 3–6 cm (1.2–2.4 in) long that hang from tree branches and trunks, particularly in woodland areas and on isolated trees. Distinguished by its flattened, yellow-green to grey-green branches with powdery white spots along the edges, this lichen is widespread throughout temperate regions, especially in coastal areas with oceanic climates. First scientifically described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 and later reclassified by Erik Acharius in 1810, it is remarkably tolerant of air pollution compared to other lichens, which enables it to thrive in environments where similar species cannot survive. While primarily reproducing through the dispersal of powdery particles called soredia, it occasionally produces disc-shaped fruiting bodies (apothecia) along its branches.

Soredium
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens.  Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus, or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of a lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location.
Ludwig Viereck
Ludwig Viereck (11 February 1892 – unknown) was a German Nazi Party official who served as the first Gauleiter of the "Harzgau", later Gau Magdeburg, for about a year in the Party's early days. After his removal from office, he resigned from the Party. Further details of his life are not known.

Gauleiter
A Gauleiter (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʊlaɪtɐ] ⓘ) was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a Gau or Reichsgau. Gauleiter was the third-highest rank in the Nazi political leadership, subordinate only to Reichsleiter and to the Führer himself. The position was effectively abolished with the fall of the Nazi regime on 8 May 1945.
Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence
An extremely devastating and deadly tornado outbreak sequence impacted the Midwestern and Northeastern United States at the beginning of June 1953. It included two tornadoes that caused at least 90 deaths each—an F5 tornado occurring in Flint, Michigan on June 8 and an F4 tornado in Worcester, Massachusetts on June 9. These tornadoes are among the deadliest in United States history and were caused by the same storm system that moved eastward across the nation.

The Flint-Worcester Tornadoes were the most infamous storms produced by a larger outbreak of severe weather that began in Nebraska, Iowa and Wisconsin, before moving across the Great Lakes states, and then into New York and New England. Other F3 and F4 tornadoes struck other locations in Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire and Ohio.

Fujita scale
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; /fuˈdʒiːtə/), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale, named for the meteorologist Ted Fujita, was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
2024 GT4 Australia Series
The 2024 GT4 Australia Series (commercially titled 2024 Monochrome GT4 Australia Series) was an Australian motorsport competition for GT4 cars. The championship was the inaugural running of a standalone GT4 Australia series having split from the Australian Production Car Series at the end of 2023, and was the first season of the championship being solely managed by the SRO Motorsports Group. Events were held on the Australian Racing Group's SpeedSeries bill, with the season starting on 14 April at Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit and ending on 10 November at Mount Panorama Circuit.

SRO Motorsports Group
SRO Motorsports Group (formerly the Stéphane Ratel Organisation) is an international sporting organisation best known for promoting and running a variety of racing events and series, including the CrowdStrike 24 Hours of Spa, Intercontinental GT Challenge and Fanatec GT World Challenge Europe.

The company was founded in 1995 by Stéphane Ratel and is now considered the global leader in GT racing. SRO also organises the multi-disciplinary FIA Motorsport Games, as well as e-sports events and touring car categories. As of 2020 it keeps offices in London, Paris, Liège and Hong Kong, while Ratel continues to act as CEO.
Awhina Tangen-Wainohu
Awhina Tangen-Wainohu (born 16 December 1997) is a New Zealand rugby union player. She plays for New Zealand at international level and was a member of their 2021 Rugby World Cup champion squad. She also plays for Chiefs Manawa in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition and represents Waikato provincially.

New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.
Samuel Bradford Caswell
Samuel Bradford Caswell (1828–1898) was an American mining engineer, and politician in California.

He was member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors and the Los Angeles Common Council. He was one of the pioneer founders and trustees of the Los Angeles Public Library System to open branches.

Los Angeles Common Council
The Los Angeles Common Council was the predecessor of the Los Angeles, California, City Council. It was formed in 1850 under state law, when the city had only 1,610 residents, and it existed until 1889, when the city had about 50,400 residents and a city charter was put into effect. It succeeded the council of the Ciudad de Los Angeles.

From 1850 through 1869, council members were elected at large under a first-past-the-post voting system, in which the top vote-getters were seated. From 1870 they were elected by electoral districts called wards.
Albanian Swimming Federation
The Albanian Swimming Federation (Albanian: Federata Shqiptare e Notit (FSHN)) is the national governing body of aquatic sports in Albania, ranging from swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, open water swimming, and water polo. The federation is tasked with the development, promotion and international representation of swimming in Albania.

It is a member of the Albanian National Olympic Committee. The Albanian swimming federation is a member of the European Swimming League (LEN) and the International Swimming Federation (FINA). The Albanian Swimming Federation organizes aquatic sports competitions at national, European and international level in all categories for men and women; junior and adult age groups. The Albanian Swimming Federation works closely with its collaborative associate, the Kosovo swimming federation.

Albanian National Olympic Committee
The Albanian National Olympic Committee (Albanian: Komiteti Olimpik Kombëtar Shqiptara, KOKSH) (IOC Code: ALB) is a non-profit organisation and the legal authority of Albania's participation in the Olympic Games. As a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), it is responsible for the development and management of all Olympic-related activities in the country.

Members of the committee are 46 sports federations, which elect the Executive Council composed of the president and ten members.

It is based in the country's capital, Tirana.
Teodor Bârcă
Teodor Bârcă (12 June 1894 – 12 May 1993) was a Bessarabian politician and professor, who on 27 March 1918 voted the union of Bessarabia with Romania. He was the vice president of Sfatul Țării, the parliament of Bessarabia at the time.

Sfatul Țării
Sfatul Țării ("Council of the Country"; Romanian pronunciation: [ˈsfatul ˈt͡sərij]) was a council of political, public, cultural, and professional organizations in the Governorate of Bessarabia in Tsarist Russia.  This became a legislative body which established the Moldavian Democratic Republic as part of the Russian Federative Republic in December 1917. and then union with Romania in April [O.S. March] 1918.
Richard Ríos
Richard Ríos Montoya (born 2 June 2000) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Colombia national team. Ríos is renowned for his versatility and ball-winning ability.

After beginning his career in Brazil with Flamengo and Guarani, he moved to Palmeiras, where he won the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A in 2023 and the Campeonato Paulista in 2024. In 2025, he transferred to Benfica and won the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in his debut season.

Internationally, Ríos debuted for Colombia in 2022 and was part of the squad that finished runners-up at the 2024 Copa América.

2025 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
The 2025 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira was the 47th edition of the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. It was played between the winners of the 2024–25 Primeira Liga and the 2024–25 Taça de Portugal, Sporting CP, and the runners-up of the 2024–25 Primeira Liga and the 2024–25 Taça de Portugal, Benfica, on 31 July 2025. Benfica won the match 1–0 to secure their 10th Supertaça title.
Kevin Dunion
Kevin Harry Dunion OBE (born 20 December 1955) is the Convener of the Standards Commission for Scotland and was the first Scottish Information Commissioner 2003−2012. He is an Honorary Professor in the University of Dundee School of Law and a member of the Scottish Legal Complaints Commission. He was formerly Rector of the University of St Andrews 2008−11.

Rector of the University of St Andrews
The lord rector of the University of St Andrews is an elected position, usually also the president of the University Court of the University of St Andrews; the University Court is the supreme governing body of the university.
Return to Forever: The Anthology
Return to Forever: The Anthology is a compilation of the "electric years" of jazz fusion band Return to Forever. The collection features newly remixed selections from Where Have I Known You Before and No Mystery, along with the entire Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy and Romantic Warrior albums. Remixing was performed by Mick Guzauski at Mad Hatter Studios, with mastering by Bernie Grundman at Bernie Grundman Mastering.

Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy
Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy is a studio album by American jazz fusion band Return to Forever. It was released in October 1973 by Polydor. It was the first album not to feature Flora Purim, Airto and Joe Farrell, and marked a shift away from the largely acoustic fusion they created. Drummer Lenny White and guitarist Bill Connors make their first appearances with the group. Connors would leave shortly after the album's release.
The Condition of Labor
The Condition of Labor: An Open Letter to Pope Leo XIII is an open letter written and published in 1891 by the American economist, philosopher, and journalist Henry George. It was published in direct response to the Catholic Church's encyclical Rerum novarum (Rights and Duties of Capital and Labor) published previously that same year, which George feared would persuade Catholics away from his growing single-tax movement.

Open letter
An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally.

Open letters usually take the form of a letter addressed to an individual but are provided to the public through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or blog. Critical open letters addressed to political leaders are especially common.

Two of the most famous and influential open letters are J'accuse...! by Émile Zola to the president of France, accusing the French government of wrongfully convicting Alfred Dreyfus for alleged espionage; and Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 "Letter from Birmingham Jail", including the famous quotation "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere".