hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gel point
In polymer chemistry, the gel point is an abrupt change in the viscosity of a solution containing polymerizable components. At the gel point, a solution undergoes gelation, as reflected in a loss in fluidity. After the monomer/polymer solution has passed the gel point, internal stress builds up in the gel phase, which can lead to volume shrinkage. Gelation is characteristic of polymerizations that include crosslinkers that can form 2- or 3-dimensional networks. For example, the condensation of a dicarboxylic acid and a triol will give rise to a gel whereas the same dicarboxylic acid and a diol will not. The gel is often a small percentage of the mixture, even though it greatly influences the properties of the bulk.

Cross-link
In chemistry and biology, a cross-link is a bond or a short sequence of bonds that links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (such as proteins).

In polymer chemistry "cross-linking" usually refers to the use of cross-links to promote a change in the polymers' physical properties.

When "crosslinking" is used in the biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein–protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking methodologies.

Although the term is used to refer to the "linking of polymer chains" for both sciences, the extent of crosslinking and specificities of the crosslinking agents vary greatly.
Hindsville Formation
The Hindsville Formation, or Hindsville Limestone Member of the Batesville Formation, is a geologic unit in northern Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma that dates to the Chesterian Series of the late Mississippian. Named for the town of Hindsville in Madison County, Arkansas, this unit is recognized as a member of the Batesville Formation in Arkansas and a geologic formation in Oklahoma. Although, some workers have proposed raising the rank of this interval in Arkansas to formation status. Both the Batesville and Hindsville Formations overlie the Moorefield Formation and underlie the Fayetteville Shale.

Batesville Sandstone
The Batesville Sandstone is a geologic formation in northern Arkansas, United States, that dates to the Chesterian Series of the late Mississippian. The base of the Batesville Sandstone, named the Hindsville Limestone Member, unconformably lies on the Moorefield Formation.
Robert Andrews (civil servant)
Robert Andrews (c. 1763 – 13 November 1821) was the Resident and Superintendent of British Ceylon.  He was appointed on 12 February 1796 and was Resident until 12 October 1798.  He was succeeded by Frederick North as Governor of British Ceylon.

Andrews was in the East India Company, in the Madras Civil Service, from 1778, and became Collector of Trinchinopoli. He was Senior Judge of Appeal, in the Madras Presidency.

Governor of British Ceylon
The governor of Ceylon was the representative in Ceylon of the British Crown from 1795 to 1948. In this capacity, the governor was president of the Executive Council and Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in Ceylon. The governor was the head of the British colonial administration in Ceylon, reporting to the Colonial Office.

With Ceylon gaining self-rule and dominion status with the creation of Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, this office was replaced by the Governor-General, who represented the British monarch as the head of state. The office of Governor-General was itself abolished in 1972 and replaced by the post of President when Sri Lanka became a republic.
Anna-Maria Henckel von Donnersmarck
Countess Anna-Maria Ebba Barbara Henckel von Donnersmarck (née Countess Anna-Maria von Berg; born 5 March 1940) is a German literary scout, sociologist, and former political activist. She was active in the West German student movement as a member of the Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund.

West German student movement
The West German student movement (German: Westdeutsche Studentenbewegung), sometimes called the 1968 movement in West Germany (German: 1968 Bewegung in Westdeutschland), was a left-wing social movement that consisted of mass student protests in West Germany in 1968. Participants in the movement later came to be known as 68ers. The movement was characterized by the protesting students' rejection of traditionalism and of German political authority which included many former Nazi officials. Student unrest had started in 1967 when student Benno Ohnesorg was fatally shot by a policeman during a protest against the visit of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. The movement is considered to have formally started after the attempted assassination of student activist leader Rudi Dutschke, which sparked various protests across West Germany and gave rise to public opposition. The movement created lasting changes in German culture.
2023 Armenian Supercup
The 2023 Armenian Supercup was the 25th Armenian Supercup, an annual football match played between the previous season's Premier League and Armenian Cup winners, Urartu, and the previous season's Armenian Cup runners up, Shirak, with the later winning 6–5 on penalties after an initial 0–0 draw.

2022–23 Armenian Premier League
The 2022–23 Armenian Premier League, known as the VBET Armenian Premier League (Armenian: VBET Հայաստանի Պրեմիեր Լիգա) for sponsorship reasons, is the 31st season of the league since its establishment.
Chilliwack-Cultus Lake
Chilliwack-Cultus Lake is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.

It was created under the 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution and was first contested in the 2024 British Columbia general election. The riding was formed from portions of Chilliwack and Chilliwack-Kent.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Línea Avanzada
The Advanced Defense Line (Spanish: Línea Avanzada) is a historic district consisting of four structures that formed part of the eastern defensive system of the Islet of San Juan in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Fortín de San Gerónimo
Fortín de San Gerónimo de Boquerón is a small historic fort located at the mouth of the Condado Lagoon in San Juan Islet across from the district of Condado in the barrio of Santurce in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

It was built during the 18th century to replace a smaller battery (called El Boquerón) that stood at the easternmost end of the San Juan islet. The original Boquerón battery was used by the Spanish to defend the city of San Juan from attacks by Sir Francis Drake in 1595 and George Clifford, the third Earl of Cumberland in 1598, who managed to destroy it during his attack. San Gerónimo became part of San Juan's first line of defense, along with the Fortín San Antonio and Escambrón Fort, while the last line of defense was the formidable Castillo San Cristóbal, which guarded the city entrance proper and also defended from land attacks.
Mesdames de France
Mesdames (French pronunciation: [mɛdam], My Ladies) is a French form of address for several women. In the 18th century, Mesdames de France was used to designate the daughters of Louis XV, most of whom lived at the royal court and never married.

Henriette of France
Henriette of France (Anne Henriette; 14 August 1727 – 10 February 1752) was a French princess, a fille de France. She was the second child of King Louis XV and Queen Marie Leszczyńska, and the twin of Louise Élisabeth of France. She was also considered the favorite daughter of the royal couple and was known for her sweet and gentle personality.
Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean
The opening of the North Atlantic Ocean is a geological event that has occurred over millions of years, during which the supercontinent Pangea broke up. As modern-day Europe (Eurasian Plate) and North America (North American Plate) separated during the final breakup of Pangea in the early Cenozoic Era, they formed the North Atlantic Ocean. Geologists believe the breakup occurred either due to primary processes of the Iceland plume or secondary processes of lithospheric extension from plate tectonics.

Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea (/pænˈdʒiːə/ pan-JEE-ə) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from the earlier continental units of Gondwana, Euramerica and Siberia during the Carboniferous period approximately 335 million years ago, and began to break apart about 200 million years ago, at the end of the Triassic and beginning of the Jurassic. Pangaea was C-shaped, with the bulk of its mass stretching between Earth's northern and southern polar regions and surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa and the Paleo-Tethys and subsequent Tethys Oceans. Pangaea is the most recent supercontinent to have existed and was the first to be reconstructed by geologists.
Four Great Mountains (Taiwan)
The Four Great Mountains of Taiwan refers to a group of four prominent organizations in Taiwanese Buddhism. The term draws its name from the Four Sacred Mountains of China, four mountains in mainland China that each hold sacred Chinese Buddhist sites. The founders of the institutions are collectively referred to as the Four Heavenly Kings of Taiwanese Buddhism. Each of the "Four Heavenly Kings" corresponds to one cardinal direction, based on where their organization is located in Taiwan. The institutions that make up the "Four Great Mountains" of Taiwanese Buddhism are:

North (Jinshan): Dharma Drum Mountain (法鼓山) founded by Master Sheng-yen (聖嚴, d. 2009)
South (Dashu): Fo Guang Shan (佛光山) founded by Master Hsing Yun (星雲, d. 2023)
East (Hualien): Tzu Chi Foundation (慈濟基金會) founded by Master Cheng Yen (證嚴)
West (Nantou): Chung Tai Shan (中台山) founded by Master Wei Chueh (惟覺, d. 2016)

With exception of Tzu Chi, all of them belong to the Linji school of Chan Buddhism.

Jinshan District, New Taipei
Jinshan District (Chinese: 金山區) is a rural district on the coast in northern New Taipei, Taiwan. The district draws many visitors each year because of its hot springs and its proximity to Chin Pao San and the Ju Ming Museum. The district is home to the Dharma Drum Buddhist College, an institution of higher learning founded by Dharma Drum Mountain monastics devoted to the principles of Zen Buddhism.
Paz Anastasiadis
Paz Alexandra Anastasiadis Le Roy (born 9 January 1983) is a Chilean lawyer, academic, and politician, member of the Expert Commission created to draft a preliminary constitutional text during the 2023 Chilean constitutional process.

Constitutional Council (Chile)
The Constitutional Council in Chile was tasked to draft a new constitution in 2023, submitted to referendum on 17 December 2023. The Constitutional Council was selected by the citizens in an election on 7 May 2023. Councillor Beatriz Hevia was elected President of the Council by her peers on June 7.
Gaige Prim
Gaige Colburn Prim (born April 8, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for Ulsan Hyundai Mobis Phoebus of the Korean Basketball League (KBL). He previously played for West Texas A&M Buffaloes, South Plains Texans, and Missouri State Bears basketball.

West Texas A&M Buffaloes
The West Texas A&M Buffaloes, also known as the WTAMU Buffaloes or WT Buffaloes, and formerly West Texas State Buffaloes and WTSU Buffaloes, are the athletic teams that represent West Texas A&M University, located in Canyon, Texas, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Buffaloes, colloquially known as the Buffs (men) and Lady Buffs (women), compete as members of the Lone Star Conference for all 14 varsity sports.

West Texas A&M was a member of the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association from 1941 to 1961. The football team won a conference championship in 1950. The Buffs were members of the Missouri Valley Conference from 1972 to 1985.
Nora Stapleton
Nora Stapleton is a former Ireland women's rugby union international. Stapleton represented Ireland at the 2010, 2014 and 2017 Women's Rugby World Cups. She was also a member of the Ireland teams that won the 2013 and 2015 Women's Six Nations Championships. Stapleton was a member of the first Ireland teams to defeat both England and New Zealand. Stapleton has also played two other football codes at a senior level. As a women's association football player, she played for UCD in FAI Women's Cup finals and UEFA Women's Cup campaigns. She has also played senior ladies' Gaelic football for Donegal.

Ireland women's national rugby union team
The Ireland women's national rugby union team represents Ireland in international women's rugby union competitions such as the Women's Six Nations Championship and the Women's Rugby World Cup. They have also represented Ireland in the FIRA Women's European Championship. Ireland won the 2013 and 2015 Women's Six Nations Championships. In 2013 they also achieved both a Triple Crown and Grand Slam. They finished fourth in the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup after defeating New Zealand in the pool stages. Ireland hosted the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. The team was part of the by the Irish Women's Rugby Football Union (IWRFU). In 2009, the women were taken on by the Irish Rugby Football Union.
Carolyn Bourdeaux
Carolyn Jordan Bourdeaux (born June 3, 1970) is an American politician and educator who served as the U.S. representative from Georgia's 7th congressional district from 2021 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, she was a professor at the Andrew Young School of Public Policy at Georgia State University from 2003 to 2021 and Director of the Georgia State Senate Budget and Evaluation Office from 2007 to 2010.

In 2018, Bourdeaux ran for Georgia's 7th congressional district, coming within 433 votes of defeating the incumbent Republican, Rob Woodall, in the closest congressional race in that cycle. On February 7, 2019, Woodall announced he would retire at the end of his current term. That same day, Bourdeaux announced her intention to once again seek the seat. She won the 2020 election, defeating Republican Rich McCormick.

On May 24, 2022, Bordeaux lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Lucy McBath in Georgia's 7th congressional district.

Rob Woodall
William Robert Woodall III (/ˈwʊdɔːl/ WUUD-awl; born February 11, 1970) is an American attorney and politician who was the U.S. representative for Georgia's 7th congressional district from 2011 to 2021. The district included most of Gwinnett County, a suburban county northeast of Atlanta. A Republican, Woodall prior to being elected to Congress, worked for his predecessor, John Linder from 1994 to 2010, eventually becoming Linder's chief of staff.
Free public transport
Free public transport, often called fare-free public transit or zero-fare public transport, is public transport which is fully funded by means other than collecting fares from passengers. It may be funded by national, regional or local government through taxation, and/or by commercial sponsorship by businesses.  Alternatively, the concept of "free-ness" may take other forms, such as no-fare access via a card which may or may not be paid for in its entirety by the user.

On 29 February 2020, Luxembourg became the first country in the world to make all public transport in the country (buses, trams, and trains) free to use. On 1 October 2022, Malta made its public transport free on most routes, though unlike in Luxembourg, this applies only to residents.

As some transit lines intended to operate with fares initially start service, the organisation may elect not to collect fares for an introductory period to create interest or to test operations.

Fare
A fare is the fee paid by a passenger for use of the public transport system: rail, bus, taxi, etc. In the case of air transport, the term airfare is often used. Fare structure is the system set up to determine how much is to be paid by various passengers using a transit vehicle at any given time. A linked trip is a trip from the origin to the destination on the transit system. Even if a passenger must make several transfers during a journey, the trip is counted as one linked trip on the system.
Kovio
Kovio, Inc. was a privately held Silicon Valley technology company headquartered in San Jose, California that manufactured electronic devices based on a proprietary printed silicon electronics platform.  Products included Near Field Communication (NFC) tags for use in mobile marketing, authentication, and advertising as well as electronic article surveillance (EAS) labels for anti-shoplifting applications. On January 21, 2014 Thin Film Electronics ASA acquired Kovio technology, intellectual property and production equipment.

Near-field communication
Near-field communication (NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used for the bootstrapping of capable wireless connections. Like other proximity card technologies, NFC is based on inductive coupling between two electromagnetic coils present on an NFC-enabled device such as a smartphone. NFC communicating in one or both directions uses a frequency of 13.56 MHz in the globally available unlicensed radio-frequency ISM band, compliant with the ISO/IEC 18000-3 air-interface standard at data rates ranging from 106 to 848 kbit/s.

The NFC Forum has helped define and promote the technology, setting standards for certifying device compliance. Secure communications are available by applying encryption algorithms, as is done for credit cards, and if they fit the criteria for being considered a personal area network.
Roboy
Roboy is an advanced humanoid robot that was developed at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the University of Zurich, and was publicly presented on March 8, 2013. Originally designed to emulate humans with the future possibility of helping out in daily environments, Roboy is a project that has involved both engineers and scientists. Initiated in 2012 by Pascal Kaufmann, Roboy is the work of engineers who designed him according to design principles developed by Rolf Pfeifer, the AI lab director, in conjunction with the assistance of other development partners. Both the team members and the partners of the Roboy project share a commitment toward continued research in the area of soft robotics. Later Roboy was moved to Munich, Germany, where Rafael Hostettler conducts research on it at the Technical University. Since July 2020, Roboy is located back in Zurich, Switzerland in the offices of the Mindfire Foundation.

Technical University of Munich
The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; German: Technische Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied and natural sciences.

Established in 1868 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria, the university now has additional campuses in Garching, Freising, Heilbronn, Straubing, Ottobrunn, and Singapore, with the Garching campus being its largest. The university is organized into seven schools, and is supported by numerous research centers. It is one of the largest universities in Germany, with 51,954 students and an annual budget of €2,171.0 million including the university hospital.

A University of Excellence under the German Universities Excellence Initiative, TUM is among the leading universities in the European Union. Its researchers and alumni include 19 Nobel laureates and 26 Leibniz Prize winners.
Regan Steigleder
Regan Leigh Steigleder (born September 3, 1998) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for USL Super League club Lexington SC. She played college soccer for the Northwestern Wildcats. She began her professional career with Swedish club KIF Örebro in 2022, before moving to the Kansas City Current in 2024.

KIF Örebro DFF
KIF Örebro DFF is a Swedish women's football club based in Örebro. Founded in 1980 as the women's football section of multi-sports association Karlslunds IF, the club's first team currently plays in the Elitettan, the second-highest level of the women's football pyramid in Sweden. The club also operates two reserve teams at the under-19 and under-17 levels, as well as a youth academy.

KIF Örebro play their home games at Behrn Arena, which they share with the men's football club Örebro SK.
Put (card game)
Put, occasionally Putt, is an English tavern game first recorded in the 16th century and later castigated by 17th century moralists as one of ill repute. It belongs to a very ancient family of trick-taking card games and bears close similarities a group known as Truc, Trut, Truque, also Tru, and the South American game Truco. Its more elaborate cousin is the Catelan and Spanish game of Truc, which is still much played in many parts of Southern France and Spain.

Truco
Truco, a variant of Truc, is a trick-taking card game originally from Valencia and the Balearic Islands, popular in South America and Italy. It is usually played using a Spanish deck. Two people may play, or two teams of two or three players each.
British Tabulating Machine Company
The British Tabulating Machine Company (BTM) was a firm which manufactured and sold Hollerith unit record equipment and other data-processing equipment. During World War II, BTM constructed some 200 "bombes", machines used at Bletchley Park to break the German Enigma machine ciphers.

Herman Hollerith
Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was a German-American statistician, inventor, and businessman who developed an electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards to assist in summarizing information and, later, in accounting. His invention of the punched card tabulating machine, patented in 1884, marks the beginning of the era of mechanized binary code and semiautomatic data processing systems, and his concept dominated that landscape for nearly a century.

Hollerith founded a company that was amalgamated in 1911 with several other companies to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company. In 1924, the company was renamed "International Business Machines" (IBM) and became one of the largest and most successful companies of the 20th century. Hollerith is regarded as one of the seminal figures in the development of data processing.
Gilles Lebreton
Gilles Lebreton (born 11 October 1958) is a French lawyer and politician. A successive member of Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms and the National Front, which became the National Rally. He has been a municipal councilor for Montivilliers and Member of the European Parliament for West France since 2014.

West France (European Parliament constituency)
West France was a European Parliament constituency. Created in 2003, it initially consisted of the French regions of Brittany and Pays de la Loire, with four departments of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (Charente, Charente-Maritime, Deux-Sèvres, and Vienne) being added in 2016. West France was made up of 6,177,138 electors in 2009.

From 2004 until 2009, the constituency elected 10 Members of the European Parliament, while from 2009 until its abolition in 2019 it elected only 9.