hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vietnam's Next Top Model season 2
Vietnam's Next Top Model, Cycle 2 is the second season of Vietnam's Next Top Model to be produced again by Vietnam Television and Multimedia JSC. The show is set to air on VTV3, at every Sunday primetime (8:00 pm UTC+7) from September 25, 2011 to January 8, 2012. There are 14 episodes.

For the first time in VNTM, the creator of Top Model franchise, Tyra Banks appeared as a special guest judge in the final show on January 8, 2012.

The winner was 19-year-old Hoàng Thị Thùy from Thanh Hóa.

Vietnam Television
Vietnam Television, officially branded as VTV, is the national television broadcaster of Vietnam. As the state broadcaster under the Government of Vietnam, VTV is tasked with "propagating the views of the Party, policies, laws of the government, improve people's knowledge and serve the spiritual life of the people".

VTV exists alongside the Voice of Vietnam and the Vietnam News Agency as the official information agencies under direct administration of the Government of Vietnam.
Maya Fernández
Maya Alejandra Fernández Allende (born 27 September 1971, in Santiago de Chile) is a Chilean biologist, veterinarian and politician, a member of the Socialist Party of Chile (PS) who served as Minister of National Defense of Chile between 2022 and 2025. Since March 2018, she has served as a deputy of the Republic, representing the 10th district, Metropolitan Region. In her first legislative year, she presided over the Chamber of Deputies between March 2018 and March 2019. From 2022 to 2025, she served as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet of President Gabriel Boric.

Ministry of National Defense (Chile)
The Ministry of National Defense (Spanish: Ministerio de Defensa Nacional) is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of "maintaining the independence and sovereignty" of Chile. It is also charged with planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing the defense policies formulated by the President of Chile. The minister supervises all the Chilean armed forces. It is Chile's ministry of defence.
Omar Abada
Omar Abada (Arabic: عمر عبادة, born 20 April 1993) is a Tunisian professional basketball player who plays for Club Africain of the Championnat Pro A. Abada also plays for the Tunisia national basketball team.

Born in Tunis, he started his career in 2010 with Étoile de Radès where he stayed for eight seasons. In 2018, Abada played a year in France for Saint-Chamond. A year later, he returned to Tunisia to play for US Monastir.

With Tunisia, he has won the AfroBasket tournament in 2017 and 2021, while being named to the All-Tournament Team in 2021.

Club Africain (basketball)
Club Africain (Arabic: النادي الإفريقي) is a Tunisian professional basketball club from Tunis. The club competes in the Championnat Pro A, the top tier of professional basketball in Tunisia. The team has won the national championship five times, the last time being in 2025. Notable players of the team include senior men's Tunisian national basketball team members Mourad El Mabrouk, Marouan Kechrid, Marouen Lahmar, and Naim Dhifallah.
Amir-Abbas Hoveyda
Amir-Abbas Hoveyda (Persian: امیرعباس هویدا, romanized: Amīr 'Abbās Hoveyda; 18 February 1919 – 7 April 1979) was an Iranian economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran from 27 January 1965 to 7 August 1977. He was the longest-serving prime minister in Iran's history. He also served as deputy prime minister and minister of finance in Mansur's cabinet. After the Iranian Revolution, he was tried by the newly established Revolutionary Court for "waging war against God" and spreading corruption on earth (Mofsed-e-filarz) and executed.

Hirabah
In Islamic law, ḥirabah (Arabic: حرابة) is a legal category that comprises highway robbery (traditionally understood as aggravated robbery or grand larceny, unlike theft, which has a different punishment), rape, and terrorism. Ḥirābah means piracy or unlawful warfare. It comes from the triliteral root ḥrb, which means “to become angry and enraged”. The noun ḥarb (حَرْب, pl. ḥurūb حُروب) means 'war' or 'wars'.

Moharebeh (Persian: محاربه, also spelled muharebeh) is a Persian language term that is treated as interchangeable with ḥirabah in Arabic lexicons. The related term muḥārib  (Arabic: محارب, lit. 'perpetrator of muḥāribah') has been translated by English-language Iranian media as "enemy of God". In English-language media sources, moḥarebeh in Iran has been translated variously as "waging war against God," "war against God and the state," "enmity against God."

It is a capital crime in Saudi Arabia and Iran.
Robert Pigozzi
Robert Pigozzi Perdomo (born 13 September 1997) is a Dominican water skier. He won the gold medal in Water skiing at the 2019 Pan American Games and the silver in 2023. He have won gold medals in the 2017 and the 2022 Bolivarian Games.

Water skiing at the 2019 Pan American Games
Water skiing competitions at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru were held between July 27th and 30th, 2019 at the La Laguna de Bujama in the district of Mala.

There were a total of ten events held, equally split among men and women. Women's wakeboarding made its Pan American Games debut.
Infinitesimal generator (stochastic processes)
In mathematics — specifically, in stochastic analysis — the infinitesimal generator of a Feller process (i.e. a continuous-time Markov process satisfying certain regularity conditions) is a Fourier multiplier operator that encodes a great deal of information about the process.

The generator is used in evolution equations such as the Kolmogorov backward equation, which describes the evolution of statistics of the process; its L2 Hermitian adjoint is used in evolution equations such as the Fokker–Planck equation, also known as Kolmogorov forward equation, which describes the evolution of the probability density functions of the process.

The Kolmogorov forward equation in the notation is just , where  is the probability density function, and  is the adjoint of the infinitesimal generator of the underlying stochastic process. The Klein–Kramers equation is a special case of that.

Hermitian adjoint
In mathematics, specifically in operator theory, each linear operator  on an inner product space defines a Hermitian adjoint (or adjoint) operator  on that space according to the rule

where  is the inner product on the vector space.

The adjoint may also be called the Hermitian conjugate or simply the Hermitian after Charles Hermite.  It is often denoted by A† in fields like physics, especially when used in conjunction with bra–ket notation in quantum mechanics.  In finite dimensions where operators can be represented by matrices, the Hermitian adjoint is given by the conjugate transpose (also known as the Hermitian transpose).

The above definition of an adjoint operator extends verbatim to bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces .  The definition has been further extended to include unbounded densely defined operators, whose domain is topologically dense in, but not necessarily equal to,
Battle of the Maule
The Battle of the Maule was fought between a coalition of Mapuche people of Chile and the Inca Empire of Peru. Traditionally this battle is held to have occurred near what is now Maule River, in Central Chile. The account of Garcilaso de la Vega depicts the three-day battle, which is generally believed to have occurred in the reign of Tupac Inca Yupanqui (1471-93 CE).

Historian Osvaldo Silva conjectures instead the battle occurred much after Tupac Inca Yupanqui's conquest of northern Chile with 1532 being a possible date. Silva claims the battle was not decisive at all as the Inca army was already in retreat from a new incursion to Mapuche lands in the south. Arguably the Inca's advances in Chile were halted by their unwillingness to commit greater resources in fighting the Mapuche.

Topa Inca Yupanqui
Topa Inca Yupanqui or Túpac Inca Yupanqui (Cusco Quechua: Thupa Inka Yupanki, pronounced [ˈtʰupa ˈiŋka juˈpaŋki]), also Topa Inga Yupangui, erroneously translated as "noble Inca accountant" (before 1471 – 1493) was the tenth Sapa Inca (1471–1493) of the Inca Empire, fifth of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Pachacuti, and his son was Huayna Capac.: 93  Topa Inca belonged to the Qhapaq Panaca (one of the clans of Inca nobles). His quya (principal wife) was his older sister, Mama Ocllo.: 88
Judge Jules
Julius O'Riordan (born 26 October 1965), better known by his stage name Judge Jules, is a British dance music DJ, record producer and entertainment lawyer. He is known for his DJ activities, music production and long-running radio show which achieved global success. He was voted best DJ in the world by DJ Mag in 1995.

DJ Mag
DJ Magazine (also known as DJ Mag) is a British monthly magazine dedicated to electronic dance music and DJs. Founded in 1991, the magazine is adapted for distribution in the United Kingdom, the United States, Spain, France, Italy, Latin America, China, South Korea, Brunei, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Germany, Canada, Russia, Belarus, and the Netherlands.
Pride and Prejudice* (*sort of)
Pride and Prejudice* (*sort of) is a play by Isobel McArthur, with songs, based on Jane Austen's novel. The play is designed for a cast of five or six women, each playing a servant and several of the main characters. After an initial production in Scotland in 2018 and a tour in 2019–20, it opened in the West End in 2021 and toured again in 2022–23. The production won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Entertainment or Comedy Play.

Laurence Olivier Award for Best Entertainment or Comedy Play
The Noël Coward Award for Best Entertainment or Comedy Play is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

The award was titled Comedy of the Year from its establishment in 1976 until 1990, was renamed to Best Comedy starting in 1991, Best New Comedy starting in 1999, then retitled to its current name for the 2020 Olivier Awards – when "Entertainment" was moved to join Best Comedy Play from the Best Entertainment and Family award, which was renamed Best Family Show at that same time.
Alexander Alfred Hayton
Brigadier Alexander Alfred Hayton VD DSO (1894 (1894) – 1977 (aged 82–83)) was a South African officer.  During World War I he served as a lieutenant in the East African Campaign and in Egypt. He was the commanding officer of the 4th South African Brigade in the Western Desert Campaign in North Africa during World War II. In civilian life he worked as Chief Traffic Officer in Johannesburg.

Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration
The Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was established in 1899 as recognition for long and meritorious service as a part-time commissioned officer in any of the organized military forces of the British Colonies, Dependencies and Protectorates. It superseded the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies in all these territories, but not in the Indian Empire.

In 1930, the decoration, along with the Volunteer Officers' Decoration and the Territorial Decoration, were superseded by the Efficiency Decoration in an effort to standardise recognition across the British Empire.
The Way We Live Right Now
The Way We Live Right Now was a BBC Radio Four adaptation of the Anthony Trollope novel The Way We Live Now, re-setting it in the present day. It was written by Jonathan Myerson for the Woman's Hour serial and broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 15 episodes of twelve minutes duration over three weeks in June 2008.

Myerson updated Trollope's 1875 novel to show that financial venality was just as prevalent in 2008. Myerson found the modern equivalent of aristocrats-for-sale in "celebs". Myerson found the modern equivalent of a bogus railroad scheme in a Big Pharma antibiotic alternative.

Woman's Hour
Woman's Hour is a radio magazine programme broadcast on BBC Radio 4. It has been on the air since 1946, and has been broadcast on BBC Radio 4 since 1973. The programme features interviews and discussions with guests about issues relevant to a female audience. It is broadcast at 10:00am on weekdays and is presented by Nuala McGovern or Anita Rani. There is also a weekend version of the programme which features highlights from the week's programmes.
De Bazel
De Bazel is a listed/protected historic building on the west side of the Vijzelstraat in Amsterdam (at number 32), and stretches from the Herengracht to the Keizersgracht.  It stands as an example of Brick Expressionism.

Brick Expressionism
The term Brick Expressionism (German: Backsteinexpressionismus) describes a specific variant of Expressionist architecture that uses bricks, tiles or clinker bricks as the main visible building material. Buildings in the style were erected mostly in the 1920s, primarily in Germany and the Netherlands, where the style was created.

The style's regional centres were the larger cities of Northern Germany and the Ruhr area, but the Amsterdam School belongs to the same movement, which can be found in many of the larger Dutch cities like Amsterdam, Utrecht and Groningen. The style also had some impact outside the areas mentioned.
KOF: Maximum Impact 2
The King of Fighters 2006, known in Japan as KOF: Maximum Impact 2, is a 3D fighting video game produced by SNK Playmore and released for the PlayStation 2 in 2006. An updated version was released on both PlayStation 2 and arcades in Japan under the title KOF: Maximum Impact Regulation A in 2008. It is the sequel to KOF: Maximum Impact (2004), which itself is a spinoff of The King of Fighters (KOF) series.

The King of Fighters XII
The King of Fighters XII (KOF XII) is a 2009 fighting game developed and published by SNK Playmore for arcades. It is the twelfth installment in The King of Fighters series of fighting games, following The King of Fighters XI (2005). Built on Taito Type X2 hardware, home ports were released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. Similarly to KOF '98 and KOF 2002, this game does not have a storyline, but it is the third chapter in the Tales of Ash Saga that started in KOF 2003.

The King of Fighters XII received a mixed reception, with criticism given to its roster, gameplay and lack of single-player content. SNK Playmore responded a year later with a follow-up, The King of Fighters XIII (2010).
MV Fosdyke Trader
Fosdyke Trader was a 411 GRT Empire F type coaster that was built in 1944 by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle, United Kingdom as Empire Fathom for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). She was sold in 1946 and renamed Fosdyke Trader. In 1961, she was sold to Canada and renamed Fort Carillon. Further sales in 1972 and 1975 saw her renamed Janolyne and Fermont. A proposed conversion to a floating restaurant fell through and she was sold in 1990 to an American and renamed Mon Ami. She was wrecked on 17 November 1991 on Seal Island, Canada.

CHANT (ship type)
A CHANT (from Channel Tanker) was a type of prefabricated coastal tanker that was built in the United Kingdom during the Second World War due to a perceived need for coastal tankers after the invasion of France. Some CHANTs were adapted to carry dry cargos. These were known as the Empire F type coasters.

Although five CHANTs were lost during the war, the majority of the ships saw service post war, lasting into the 1990s.
Non-normal modal logic
A non-normal modal logic is a variant of modal logic that deviates from the basic principles of normal modal logics.

Normal modal logics adhere to the distributivity axiom () and the necessitation principle which states that "a tautology must be necessarily true" ( entails ). On the other hand, non-normal modal logics do not always have such requirements. The minimal variant of non-normal modal logics is logic E, which contains the congruence rule in its Hilbert calculus or the E rule in its sequent calculus upon the corresponding proof systems for classical propositional logic. Additional axioms, namely axioms M, C and N, can be added to form stronger logic systems. With all three axioms added to logic E, a logic system equivalent to normal modal logic K is obtained.

Whilst Kripke semantics is the most common formal semantics for normal modal logics (e.g., logic K), non-normal modal logics are often interpreted with neighbourhood semantics.

Kripke semantics
Kripke semantics (also known as relational semantics or frame semantics, and often confused with possible world semantics) is a formal semantics for non-classical logic systems created in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Saul Kripke and André Joyal. It was first conceived for modal logics, and later adapted to intuitionistic logic and other non-classical systems. The development of Kripke semantics was a breakthrough in the theory of non-classical logics, because the model theory of such logics was almost non-existent before Kripke (algebraic semantics existed, but were considered 'syntax in disguise').
Pokrovsk urban hromada
Pokrovsk urban hromada (Ukrainian: Покровська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Pokrovsk.

It has an area of 515.5 square kilometres (199.0 sq mi) and a population of 82,388, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 41 settlements: 2 cities (Pokrovsk and Rodynske), 8 rural settlements (Chumatske, Chunyshyne, Kotliarivka, Kotlyne, Leontovychi, Nadiivka, Novopustynka, and Shevchenko), 31 villages:

Pokrovsk
Pokrovsk (Ukrainian: Покровськ, IPA: [poˈkrɔu̯sʲk] ⓘ; Russian: Покровск), formerly known as Krasnoarmiisk (until 2016) and Grishino (until 1934), is a city and the administrative center of Pokrovsk Raion in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 56 kilometres (35 mi) northwest of Donetsk. Before 2020, it was incorporated as a city of oblast significance. Its population was about 60,127 (2022 estimate). As residents fled or were killed during Russia's Pokrovsk offensive, the population declined to around 7,000 as of January 2025, then under 1,500 by late July 2025. Russia captured the city in early 2026.
Don McIlhenny
Donald Brookes McIlhenny (November 22, 1934 – April 18, 2023) was an American professional football player who was a halfback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions, Green Bay Packers, Dallas Cowboys, and San Francisco 49ers. He played college football for the SMU Mustangs.

SMU Mustangs football
The SMU Mustangs football team is a college football team representing Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Dallas County, Texas. The Mustangs compete in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). SMU joined the ACC in July 2024 after eleven years as a member of the American Athletic Conference (AAC).
Adidas miCoach
Adidas miCoach (stylized as adidas miCoach) was an Adidas subsidiary which was first announced as a pacer and smart watch on January 7 at the 2010 International Consumer Electronics Show.

Adidas miCoach was the parent of many products, including a video game, a fitness app, a pacer, a smart watch, and a performance center at the Ajax Youth Academy.

Consumer Electronics Show
CES (formerly an initialism for Consumer Electronics Show) is an annual trade show organized by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). Held in January at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada, United States, the event typically hosts presentations of new products and technologies in the consumer electronics industry.
Stephen Keynes
Stephen John Keynes OBE FLS (19 October 1927 – 13 August 2017) was a great-grandson of Charles Darwin, and chairman of the Charles Darwin Trust.

He was educated at The Hall School, Hampstead, Oundle School, and King's College, Cambridge, where he was an Open Scholar.

Keynes was the fourth son of Geoffrey Keynes and his wife Margaret Darwin, daughter of Sir George Darwin; he was also a nephew of the economist John Maynard Keynes. His brothers were Richard, Quentin and Milo. In 1955 he married Mary Cecilia Knatchbull-Hugessen, daughter of the Canadian senator Adrian Knatchbull-Hugessen. They had the following children:

Gregory Robert Edward Keynes (born 3 June 1956)

Elizabeth Harriet Keynes (born 15 December 1957)

Toby William Keynes (born 2 November 1959)

Martha Paganel Keynes (born 25 April 1961)

Zachary Edmund Keynes (born 18 October 1962)

Keynes was a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London and a member of the Roxburghe Club.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Udumbara (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, udumbara (Pali, Sanskrit; lit. 'auspicious flower from heaven') refers to the tree, flower and fruit of the Ficus racemosa (syn. Ficus glomerata).  In Buddhist literature, this tree or its fruit may carry the connotation of rarity and parasitism. It is also mentioned in Vedic texts as the source of wood for rituals and amulets.

The uḍumbara is also used to refer to the flower of the blue lotus (Nymphaea caerulea Sav.).

Ficus racemosa
Ficus racemosa, the cluster fig, red river fig or gular (Hindi: गूलर), is a species of plant in the mulberry family Moraceae. It is native to tropical Asia and Australia. It is a fast-growing plant with large, very coarse leaves, attaining the size of a large shrub or even larger in old specimens. A distinctive feature of its growth habit is the cauliflorous nature of its fruiting, where the syconia (figs) grow in dense clusters directly from the trunk and larger branches. The ripe figs are a favourite food of the rhesus macaque, and the plant also serves as a host for the caterpillars of the two-brand crow butterfly (Euploea sylvester) of northern Australia.

The species is of cultural importance in Hinduism and Buddhism. The tree is also important to native people of Borneo such as in Sabah, Malaysia, where it is called Nunuk Ragang.
Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media
Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media (RRCHNM), formerly the Center for History and New Media (CHNM), is a research center specializing in digital history and information technology at George Mason University (GMU) in Fairfax County, Virginia. It was one of the first digital history centers in the world, established by Roy Rosenzweig in 1994 to use digital media and information technology to democratize history: to incorporate multiple voices, reach diverse audiences, and encourage popular participation in presenting and preserving the past. Its current director is Lincoln Mullen.

Public history
Public history is a broad range of activities undertaken by people with some training in the discipline of history who are generally working outside of specialized academic settings. Public history practice is deeply rooted in the areas of historic preservation, archival science, oral history, museum curatorship, and other related fields.  The field has become increasingly professionalized in the United States and Canada since the late 1970s. Some of the most common settings for the practice of public history are museums, historic homes and historic sites, parks, battlefields, archives, film and television companies, new media, and all levels of government.