hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Special Religious Education in New South Wales, Australia
Special Religious Education (SRE), aka 'Scripture,' is optional instruction in a particular religious persuasion in New South Wales government schools ie. students attend after being opted-in by their parents or carers. Time is allocated in NSW government schools for qualified SRE volunteers to teach students about their chosen religion.

The NSW Education Acts requires that NSW government schools provide it where requested, but not all schools do. The NSW Department of Education has policies and procedures pertaining to it.

Although SRE has been around since the 19th century, there have been various debates about its place in schools. With increasing debate in the 2000s about it, the Education Act was changed in 2010 to allow alternative Special Education in Ethics classes to run concurrently for children who do to not attend religious education classes.

Department of Education (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Department of Education, a department of the Government of New South Wales, is responsible for the delivery and co-ordination of early childhood, primary school, secondary school, vocational education, adult, migrant and higher education in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The department was preceded by the Board of National Education and Council of Education, and has been formerly known by a number of names, including Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Education and Training (DET) between December 1997 and April 2011, and the Department of Education and Communities (DEC) between April 2011 and July 2015.

The department's powers are principally drawn from the Education Act, 1990  (NSW).
Bartholomeus Welser V
Prince Bartholomeus Welser (25 June 1484 in Memmingen – 28 March 1561 in Amberg) was a German banker. In 1528 he signed an agreement with Charles V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire,  granting a concession in Venezuela Province, which became Klein-Venedig until the concession was revoked in 1546.

Venezuela Province
The Venezuela Province (or Province of Caracas) was a province of the Spanish Empire (from 1527), of Gran Colombia (1824–1830) and later of Venezuela (from 1830), apart from an interlude (1528–1546) when it was contracted as a concession by the King of Spain to the German Welser banking family, as Klein-Venedig.
Abraham Khalfon
Abraham Khalfon (Hebrew: אברהם כלפון, Avraham Khalfon, 1741–1819) was a Sephardi Jewish community leader, historian, scholar, and paytan in Tripoli, Libya. He researched an extensive history of the Jews of Tripoli that served as a resource for later historians such as Abraham Hayyim Adadi, Mordechai Ha-Cohen, and Nahum Slouschz, and also composed piyyutim (liturgical poems) and kinnot (elegies).

Nahum Slouschz
Nahum Slouschz (Hebrew: נחום סלושץ; November 1872 – December 1966) was a Russian-born Israeli writer, translator and archaeologist. He was known for his studies of the "secret" Jews of Portugal and the history of the Jewish communities in North Africa, mostly, in Libya and Tunisia.
Joel Coughlan
Joel Coughlan (born 13 July 1988) is an Australian Paralympic table tennis player.

He represented Australia at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics.  He and his teammates Ma Lin and Nathan Pellissier won silver after Australia was defeated by China in the Men's team - class 9-10 gold medal final.

Para table tennis
Para table tennis is a parasport that follows the rules set by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).  The usual table tennis rules are in effect with slight modifications for wheelchair athletes. Athletes from disability groups can take part. Athletes receive classifications between 1 and 11. Classes 1–5 are for those in wheelchairs and classes 6–10 for those who have disabilities that allow them to play standing. Within those groups, the higher classification means the more function the athlete has. Class 11 is defined for players with an intellectual disability.
La Convención province
La Convención is the largest of thirteen provinces in the Cusco Region in the southern highlands of Peru.

As part of the higher-altitude Amazon basin at the foot of the Andes, La Convención is one of three Peruvian provinces that prominently figure in national coffee production, the other being Chanchamayo province in Junín and Jaén province in Cajamarca.

Department of Junín
Junín (Spanish pronunciation: [xuˈnin]; Quechua: Sunin) is a department of Peru. It is located in the central highlands and westernmost Peruvian Amazon. It is governed by a regional government. Its capital is Huancayo.
Prado de Irache
Pago Irache is a branch of Bodegas Irache, a Spanish winery in Navarre, Spain. The Pago Irache branch uses the Vino de Pago wine appellation, a classification for Spanish wine applied to individual vineyards or wine estates, unlike the Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) or Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) which is applied to an entire wine region. This Vino de Pago is located in the municipality of Aberin (Merindad de Estella), in the Foral Community of Navarra, Spain, and is geographically within the borders of the Navarra DOP. This Vino de Pago is located in the municipality of Ayegui, near the town of Estella in the Foral Community of Navarra, Spain, and is geographically within the borders of the Navarra DOP. The winery, Bodegas Irache, also sells wines under the Navarra DOP appellation.

Navarra (DO)
Navarra is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) for wines from the southern half of the autonomous community of Navarre (Spanish Navarra, Basque Nafarroa). The vineyards are on the lower slopes of the Pyrenees as they descend towards the basin of the river Ebro.

The region used to be renowned only for its rosado wines but in recent years has been producing quality reds and whites as well.
Sibsagar University
Sibsagar University is a public university located in Joysagar, Sivasagar, Assam. It was established in 2023 by the Sibsagar University Act 2023, which upgraded the existing Sibsagar College, Joysagar (Autonomous) into a university. The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs in various disciplines of arts, science, and technology. The university has its main campus at Joysagar, which is situated near the Joysagar Tank that commemorates Sati Joymati. The university plans to set up out-station campuses and open and distance learning centres in the future.

Joymoti Konwari
Joymoti Konwari was the wife of Ahom prince Gadapani (later Supatphaa).  She died at the hands of the royalists under Sulikphaa Loraa Roja without disclosing her exiled husband Gadapani's whereabouts in the Naga Hills, thereby enabling her husband to rise in revolt and assume kingship.
The Fall of the Empire
The Fall of the Empire (Russian: Гибель империи, romanized: Gibel' imperii) is a Russian crime, thriller TV miniseries in ten episodes  directed and co-written by Vladimir Khotinenko, broadcast in March 2005.

It is set in World War I, following Russian counterintelligence officer Sergei Pavlovich Kostin (Aleksandr Baluev), a veteran of the Russo-Japanese War, who works to uncover enemy plots aided by his sidekick Ivan Karlovich Shtol'ts (Marat Basharov).

Aleksandr Baluev
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Baluev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Балу́ев; born 6 December 1958) is a Soviet and Russian theatre and film actor who has appeared in more than 100 films and numerous stage productions since 1980.
Jon E. Eliassen
Jon E. Eliassen (born c. 1947) is an American businessman, who is Chairman of the Board of Directors for the Itron Corporation, and is also a Managing Director and Principal at Terrapin Capital Group, LLC.  He was the President and CEO of Red Lion Hotels Corporation from January 2010 to September 2013, and was previously the CFO of Avista from 1986 to 2003.

L.O.K.D.E College

Itron
Itron, Inc. is an American technology company that offers products and services for energy and water resource management. It is headquartered in Liberty Lake, Washington, United States. The company's products measure and analyze electricity, gas and water consumption. Its products include electricity, gas, water and thermal energy measurement devices and control technology, communications systems, software, as well as managed and consulting services.
Jean Boulet (politician)
Jean Boulet MNA is a Canadian politician who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election. He represents the electoral district of Trois-Rivières as a member of the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ). He is the current Minister of Labour.

2018 Quebec general election
The 2018 Quebec general election was held on October 1, 2018, to elect members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  The election saw a landslide victory for the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ) led by François Legault, which won 74 of 125 seats, giving the party a majority and unseating the Quebec Liberal Party. The Liberals became the official opposition with 31 seats.

This election was the first won by the CAQ, which had previously been the third party in the legislature. It was also the first since 1966 that had been won by a party other than the Liberals or Parti Québécois.
United People's Democratic Front (Democratic)
The United People's Democratic Front (Democratic) (abbreviated as UPDF-D; Bengali: ইউনাইটেড পিপলস ডেমোক্রেটিক ফ্রন্ট (গণতান্ত্রিক), also referred to as the United People's Democratic Front (Ganatantrik) or UPDF-Ganatantrik, is a regional political party and militant organization based in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Chittagong, Bangladesh. It claims that it wants to seek autonomy for the Chittagong Hill Tracts through democratic and peaceful means.

United People's Democratic Front
United People's Democratic Front (abbreviated as UPDF; Bengali: ইউনাইটেড পিপলস ডেমোক্রেটিক ফ্রন্ট; [junaɪʈeɖ pipɔls ɖemokræʈik frɔnʈ]) is a regional political party based in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Chakmas form the majority ethnic group in the party. The United People's Democratic Front claims to seek a fully autonomous Hill Tracts through peaceful and democratic means.
Fonazei o kleftis
Fonazei o kleftis or Fonazi o kleftis (Greek: Φωνάζει ο κλέφτης, meaning The Robber Complains) is a 1965 Greek drama film directed and written by Giannis Dalianidis and starring Dinos Iliopoulos, Rena Vlachopoulou, Dionysis Papagiannopoulos and Andreas Douzos.  It was filmed in the same year.

Dionysis Papagiannopoulos
Dionysis Papagiannopoulos (Greek: Διονύσης Παπαγιαννόπουλος; 12 July 1912 – 13 April 1984) was a Greek actor. He was born in Diakopto in the northeastern part of Achaea in 1912. He studied at the Drama School of the National Theatre of Greece (Ethniko Theatro) in Athens and made his stage debut in 1938, appearing as the Knight in William Shakespeare's King Lear. He excelled in Shakespeare's Hamlet as the Grave Digger and in Dimitris Psathas' Fonazei o Kleftis as General Solon Karaleon.
Michele DeJuliis
Michele DeJuliis is an American lacrosse administrator and former player. She was appointed as the commissioner of the inaugural United Women's Lacrosse League in 2015, holding the position until December 2016. On May 23, 2013, DeJuliis was elected to the US National Lacrosse Hall of Fame. As a player, she earned All-American honors at Penn State and captured a gold medal with the United States women's national lacrosse team at the 2009 Women's Lacrosse World Cup.

Penn State Nittany Lions women's lacrosse
The Penn State Nittany Lions women's lacrosse team is an NCAA Division I college lacrosse team representing Pennsylvania State University as part of the Big Ten Conference. They play their home games at Panzer Stadium in State College, Pennsylvania.
Physical abuse
Physical abuse is any intentional act causing injury or trauma to another person or animal by way of bodily contact. In most cases, children are the victims of physical abuse, but adults can also be victims, as in cases of domestic violence or workplace aggression. Alternative terms sometimes used include physical assault or physical violence, and may also include sexual abuse. Physical abuse may involve more than one abuser, and more than one victim.

Injury
Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans, in other animals, or in plants.

Injuries can be caused in many ways, including mechanically with penetration by sharp objects such as teeth or with blunt objects, by heat or cold, or by venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing. In both plants and animals, substances are often released to help to occlude the wound, limiting loss of fluids and the entry of pathogens such as bacteria. Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals which limit wound infection; in addition, animals have a variety of immune responses for the same purpose. Both plants and animals have regrowth mechanisms which may result in complete or partial healing over the injury. Cells too can repair damage to a certain degree.
Charles Swanton
Robert Charles Swanton is a British physician scientist specialising in oncology and cancer research. Swanton is a senior group leader at London's Francis Crick Institute, Royal Society Napier Professor in Cancer and thoracic medical oncologist at University College London and University College London Hospitals, co-director of the Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, and Chief Clinician of Cancer Research UK.

Cancer Research UK
Cancer Research UK (CRUK) is the world's largest independent cancer research organisation. It is registered as a charity in the United Kingdom, as well as the Isle of Man, and was formed on 4 February 2002 by the merger of The Cancer Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. Cancer Research UK conducts research using both its own staff and grant-funded researchers. It also provides information about cancer and runs campaigns aimed at raising awareness and influencing public policy. The organisation's work is almost entirely funded by the public. It raises money through donations, legacies, community fundraising, events, retail and corporate partnerships. Over 25,000 people are regular volunteers.
Legal status of Palestine
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) declared the establishment of the State of Palestine on November 15, 1988. As of September 2025, the State of Palestine is recognized as a sovereign state by  157 of the 193 member states of the United Nations, or just over 80% of all UN members. It is a non-member observer state at the United Nations since November 2012. This limited status is largely due to the United States, a permanent member of the Security Council with veto power, which has consistently used its veto or threatened to do so to block Palestine’s full membership to UN. The existence of a state of Palestine is recognized by the states that have established bilateral diplomatic relations with it. There is a wide range of views on the legal status of the State of Palestine, both among international states and legal scholars.

Member states of the United Nations
The United Nations comprise 193 sovereign states and the world's largest intergovernmental organization. All members have equal representation in the United Nations General Assembly.

The Charter of the United Nations defines the rules for admission of member states. Membership is open to all states which accept certain terms of the charter and are able to carry them out. New members must be recommended by the United Nations Security Council. In addition to the member states, the UN also invites non-member states to be observer states at the UN General Assembly. A member state that has persistently violated the principles of the United Nations Charter can be expelled from the United Nations.
Parham v. Hughes
Parham v. Hughes, 441 U.S. 347 (1979), was a case the Supreme Court of the United States heard and decided in 1979. The decision upheld a Georgia law that barred fathers of illegitimate children from bringing wrongful death claims without imposing the same burden on mothers.

Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.
2022 Iowa Senate election
The 2022 Iowa Senate elections were held on November 8, 2022, to elect members of the Iowa Senate from 25 odd-numbered districts. Senators serve four-year terms in single-member constituencies, with half of the seats up for election each cycle. Primary elections were held on June 7.

Iowa Senate
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly. There are 50 seats in the Iowa Senate, representing 50 single-member districts across the state of Iowa with populations of approximately 63,807 per constituency, as of the 2020 United States census. Each Senate district is composed of two House districts. The Senate meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the lower house, the Iowa House of Representatives, senators serve four-year terms, with no term limits. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.
Chaco tucumana
Chaco tucumana is a species of mygalomorph spiders of Argentina, named after its type locality: Tucumán. This species differs from C. obscura in the shorter male embolus and the shorter female spermathecal ducts. From other species of the genus it differs in its dark uniform color, the flexible anterior female tarsi, the denser scopulae on the posterior tarsi, and the female spermathecae without a basal protuberance. As in C. obscura, smaller specimens are much lighter in color, and it has darker spots that are evident on the sides of its cephalic region, the apex of femora, base of the patellae and lateral tibiae and dorsal abdomen. Larger specimens are much darker, almost black, with no visible pattern.

Tucumán Province
Tucumán (Spanish pronunciation: [tukuˈman]) is the most densely populated, and the second-smallest by land area, of the provinces of Argentina.

Located in the northwest of the country, the province has the capital of San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán. Neighboring provinces are, clockwise from the north: Salta, Santiago del Estero and Catamarca. It is nicknamed El Jardín de la República (The Garden of the Republic), as it is a highly productive agricultural area.
Naru Shinoya
Naru Shinoya (篠谷 菜留, Shinoya Naru; born 18 March 1994) is a former Japanese badminton player affiliated with the NTT East team. She is a bronze medalist in mixed doubles at the 2021 World Championships. Shinoya achieved a career-high world ranking of No. 13 in mixed doubles with partner Kyohei Yamashita in December 2022. She retired from professional competition in December 2024 and was appointed as the women's doubles coach for NTT East in April 2025.

Arisa Igarashi
Arisa Igarashi (五十嵐 有紗, Igarashi Arisa; née Higashino; born 1 August 1996) is a Japanese badminton player. She won bronze in the mixed team event at the Asian Junior Championships in 2013 and 2014, and competed at the 2014 World Junior Championships, winning two bronzes in the mixed doubles and team event.

Higashino won her maiden Super 1000 tournament at the 2018 and 2021 All England Open in the mixed doubles event, partnering with Yuta Watanabe, and had also won 2 consecutive bronze medals in mixed doubles at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics.
Bird feet and legs
The anatomy of bird legs and feet is diverse, encompassing many accommodations to perform a wide variety of functions.

Most birds are classified as digitigrade animals, meaning they walk on their toes rather than the entire foot. Some of the lower bones of the foot (the distals and most of the metatarsal) are fused to form the tarsometatarsus – a third segment of the leg, specific to birds. The upper bones of the foot (proximals), in turn, are fused with the tibia to form the tibiotarsus, as over time the centralia disappeared. The fibula also reduced.

The legs are attached to a strong assembly consisting of the pelvic girdle extensively fused with the uniform spinal bone (also specific to birds) called the synsacrum, built from some of the fused bones.

Tibiotarsus
The tibiotarsus is the large bone between the femur and the tarsometatarsus in the leg of a bird. It is the fusion of the proximal part of the tarsus with the tibia.

A similar structure also occurred in the Mesozoic Heterodontosauridae. These small ornithischian dinosaurs were unrelated to birds and the similarity of their foot bones is best explained by convergent evolution.
Cesarini v. United States
Cesarini v. United States, 296 F. Supp. 3 (N.D. Ohio 1969), is a historic case decided by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, where the court ruled that treasure trove property is included in gross income for the tax year when it was discovered. The case is frequently cited in American law school textbooks as an example of the nuances of income taxation.

Treasure trove
A treasure trove is an amount of money or coin, gold, silver, plate, or bullion found hidden underground or in places such as cellars or attics, where the treasure seems old enough for it to be presumed that the true owner is dead and the heirs undiscoverable. An archaeological find of treasure trove is known as a hoard. The legal definition of what constitutes treasure trove and its treatment under law vary considerably from country to country, and from era to era.

The term is also often used metaphorically. Collections of articles published as a book are often titled Treasure Trove, as in A Treasure Trove of Science. This was especially fashionable for titles of children's books in the early- and mid-20th century.
Fukashi Mizutani
Fukashi Mizutani (不可思, born 17 June 1991), known simply as Fukashi (ふかし), is a Japanese kickboxer, currently competing in the super lightweight division of K-1. A professional competitor since 2008, he previously competed for KNOCKOUT, where he was the super lightweight champion, and RISE, where he was the RISE lightweight champion.

Knock Out (kickboxing)
Knock Out (stylized as KNOCK OUT) is a Japanese martial arts promotion and brand established in 2016 by the Bushido Road subsidiary Kixroad. It is currently run by Def Fellow.

In 2019, the promotion established two different rulesets. The Knock Out-Red ruleset allowed elbow strikes, sweeps and throws. The Knock Out-Black ruleset followed the traditional K-1 ruleset, which allowed kicks and strikes with fists or knees, while extended clinching, elbow strikes and throws of any kind were prohibited.
Sun City, Florida
Sun City is an unincorporated community in southern Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. It is located along U.S. Route 41, approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Ruskin and west of the separate retirement community of Sun City Center.

Historically known for a failed 1920s attempt to become a film production hub rivaling Hollywood, the community today is largely rural and residential. It hosts a post office with the ZIP Code 33586.

Sun City Center, Florida
Sun City Center is an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) in southern Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. It is located south of Tampa and north of Sarasota on I-75. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,952.