hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Legitimate defense of honor
Legitimate defense of honor (Portuguese: legítima defesa da honra) is a legal term in Brazilian jurisprudence, used by the defense to justify the defendant's acts as a crime of passion, attributing the motivating factor of the crime to the behavior of the victim. This justification has been used, among other reasons, to eliminate or reduce the culpability of a spouse or lover who has committed violence against a female partner. In 2023, the Supreme Court ruled the measure unconstitutional in jury trials of femicide cases.

Crime of passion
A crime of passion (French: crime passionnel), in popular usage, refers to a violent crime, especially homicide, in which the perpetrator commits the act against someone because of sudden strong impulse such as anger or jealousy rather than as a premeditated crime. A high level of social and legal acceptance of crimes of passion has been historically associated with France from the 19th century to the 1970s, and until recently with Latin America.
Nakis Avgerinos
Nakis Avgerinos (Greek: Νάκης Αυγερινός, 1911 – November 4, 2002) was a Greek politician.

He was born in Pyrgos, Elis, the son of Charalampos Avgerinos, mayor of Pyrgos, a relative of the old Pyrgiotiki family dominated local politics for over a century. Avgerinos studied in Athens and became a judge in Patras and later in Pyrgos. In the 1946 election, he was elected MP for the Liberal Party and in 1956 for the Liberal Democratic Union. He was voted several times as a member of parliament for Elis.

He died on November 4, 2002, in Athens. He had a daughter named Chrysafoula.  He was the last line of the historic Avgerino family.

Pyrgos, Elis
Pyrgos (Greek: Πύργος, romanized: Pýrgos, lit. 'tower') is a city in the northwestern Peloponnese, Greece, the capital of the regional unit of Elis and the seat of the Municipality of Pyrgos. The city is located in the middle of a plain, 4 kilometres (2 miles) from the Ionian Sea. The river Alfeios flows into sea about 7 km (4 mi) south of Pyrgos. The population of the town Pyrgos is 26,052, and of the municipality 45,365 (2021). Pyrgos is 16 km (10 mi) west of Olympia, 16 km (10 mi) southeast of Amaliada, 70 km (43 mi) southwest of Patras and 85 km (53 mi) west of Tripoli.
Colma, California
Colma (Ohlone for "Springs") is a small incorporated town in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 1,507 at the 2020 census. The town was founded as a necropolis in 1924.

With most of Colma's land dedicated to cemeteries, the population of the dead—not specifically known but speculated to be around 1.5 million—outnumbers that of the living by a ratio of nearly a thousand to one. This has led to Colma being called "the City of the Silent" and has given rise to a humorous motto, formerly featured on the city's website: "It's great to be alive in Colma".

Junipero Serra Boulevard
Junipero Serra Boulevard is a major boulevard in and south of San Francisco named after Franciscan friar Junipero Serra. Within the city, it forms part of the route of State Route 1, the shortest connection between Interstate 280 and the Golden Gate Bridge. The remainder, in San Mateo County, was bypassed or replaced by I-280, the Junipero Serra Freeway. The boulevard was one of several new roads built along the San Francisco Peninsula before the age of freeways, and became a state highway known as Route 237 in 1956, receiving the State Route 117 designation in the 1964 renumbering, only to be deleted from the state highway system the next year. Two other regional highways—Bayshore Highway and Skyline Boulevard—were also upgraded into or bypassed by freeways.
Edwin Denby (politician)
Edwin Denby (February 18, 1870 – February 8, 1929) was an American lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of the Navy in the administrations of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge from 1921 to 1924. He also played a notable role in the infamous Teapot Dome scandal which took place during the Harding presidency. He was the son of Charles Harvey Denby, grandson of Graham N. Fitch, brother of Charles Denby, Jr., and uncle of dance critic Edwin Orr Denby.

Edwin Denby (poet)
Edwin Orr Denby (February 4, 1903 – July 12, 1983) was an American writer of dance criticism, poetry, and fiction, but is perhaps now best known for his work with Orson Welles in translating and adapting the 1851 French comedy The Italian Straw Hat to the American stage in 1936 in the form of the farce Horse Eats Hat.
House of Debt
House of Debt: How They (and You) caused the Great Recession, and How We Can Prevent It from Happening Again is a 2014 book by economists Atif Mian and Amir Sufi on the linkages between household debt in the United States and the 2008 financial crisis.

Amir Sufi
Amir Sufi is the Bruce Lindsay Professor of Economics and Public Policy at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. He was awarded the 2017 Fischer Black Prize by the American Finance Association, given biennially to a financial economics scholar under the age of 40 for significant original research that is relevant to finance practice. He was awarded for his work on household debt and the financial crisis.
Islotes de Puñihuil Natural Monument
Islotes de Puñihuil Natural Monument is a Chilean Natural Monument located 28 km (17 mi) southwest of Ancud. It consists of three islets off the western coast of Chiloé Island to the west and north of Puñihuil.

The monument is notable for being the only known shared breeding site for Humboldt and Magellanic penguins. It is also a breeding area for other species, such as the red-legged cormorant and kelp gull. Other bird species residing in the area include the kelp goose and Fuegian steamer duck. Marine otters also find refuge in this protected area.

Following a 2007 study by the staff from Alfaguara project, which works on conserving blue whales and the marine environment in the area, ecotourism boat operators agreed to work together as an association. They would reduce the number of penguin-watching trips to the islands so as to maximize net income.

Plant species occurring in the islets include Fascicularia bicolor and Greigia sphacelata.

Puñihuil
Puñihuil is a cove with a small community on the northwestern coast of the Isla Grande de Chiloe, which lies near the coast of Northern Patagonia in Chile.

The Islotes de Puñihuil Natural Monument, three small islands, lie to the west and north of the cove.
The monument is the only known shared breeding site for Humboldt and Magellanic penguins.
It is also a breeding area for other species including the red-legged cormorant and kelp gull.

The Alfaguara project, a marine life conservation project operates from Puñihuil.
The focus of the project is on preservation of endangered blue whales, for which the waters to the northwest are an important feeding area.
Casticin
Casticin is a methoxylated flavonol, meaning the core flavonoid structure has methyl groups attached. Found in Artemisia annua, the flavonoid has been shown to enhance the antimalarial activity of artemisinin though casticin itself has no direct antimalarial effects. It has been shown to have anti-mitotic activity. It is also found in Vitex agnus-castus.

Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus (also called vitex,  chaste tree / chastetree, chasteberry, Abraham's balm, lilac chastetree, or monk's pepper) is a plant native of the Mediterranean region. It is one of the few temperate-zone species of Vitex, which is on the whole a genus of tropical and subtropical flowering plants. Vitex is a cross-pollinating plant, but its self-pollination has been recorded.

Theophrastus mentioned the shrub several times, as ágnos (ἄγνος) in Enquiry into Plants. It has been long believed to be an anaphrodisiac – leading to its name as "chaste tree" – but its effectiveness for such action remains unproven. The shrub was utilized for religious rituals in ancient Greece and among the Philistines in Palestine as well as other countries in the Levant region.
If You Love Somebody
"If You Love Somebody" is a song written by Chris Farren and Jeffrey Steele, and recorded by American country music artist Kevin Sharp.  It was released in July 1997 as the third single from his debut album Measure of a Man. The song reached number 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in October 1997.

Kevin Sharp
Kevin Grant Sharp (December 10, 1970 – April 19, 2014) was an American country music singer, author, and motivational speaker. Sharp came on the country music scene in 1996 with his first single: a cover of Tony Rich's "Nobody Knows", which topped the Billboard country chart for four weeks. The same year, Sharp released his first album, Measure of a Man. Having survived a form of bone cancer in his teenage years, Sharp became actively involved in the Make-A-Wish Foundation. He wrote an inspirational book about his life and his fight with cancer, and occasionally toured the United States as a motivational speaker. Sharp died from complications of stomach surgery in April 2014.
Sunway City
Sunway City (Malay: Bandar Sunway) is an 800-acre integrated township in Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. This township is named after its developer, Sunway Group, which had also got its name from Sungai Way, a suburb in Selangor. Sunway City is said to incorporate the urban planning concept of a 15-minute city.

Sungai Way
Sungai Way is a suburb of Petaling Jaya, Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. It was established in 1949 by the Briggs Plan as a Chinese new village. After independence, Sungai Way become a populated place. Subsequent developments established a new industrial zone (known as Sungai Way industrial zone) prior to the opening of Federal Highway, and also Subang-Sungai Way (Subang Jaya sections) and Bandar Sunway. Sungai Way's official name is Seri Setia. Sungai Way's name comes from the fact that it is located near a river (sungai is the Malay word for "river") with "Way" being an English word.
Mary Alice Herbert
Mary Alice "Mal" Herbert (February 28, 1935 – May 13, 2021) was an American schoolteacher and politician from Vermont who ran for vice president as the candidate for the Socialist Party USA in 2004; and ran for many offices in her home state. She and her running-mate, Walt Brown, pulled in 10,837 votes, the highest total for the Socialist Party since 1952.

She was married to her husband Fred Herbert until his death in October 2002.

Herbert died on May 13, 2021, at the age of 86.

Walt Brown (politician)
Walter Frederick Brown (born July 28, 1926) is an American politician and former presidential candidate of the Socialist Party USA (2004). Brown became a socialist in 1948 but served as a Democratic member of the Oregon State Senate from 1975 to 1987. Brown also served as a Socialist Party of Oregon candidate for the U.S. Congress (3rd Congressional District) in 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004 and has been the Pacific Green Party candidate for two statewide offices.
Topictoday
Topictoday is a German alternative rock band from Görlitz. Formed in 2011, the band is mostly known for their song "Helden ohne Namen" ("Heroes without names"), which is dedicated to prisoners of war (POWs) in the Second World War. Topictoday performed the song in 2015 at the location of the former POW camp called Stalag VIII-A, which today lies in Zgorzelec, Poland, in front of politicians from Germany and Poland.

French composer Olivier Messiaen was a prisoner at Stalag VIII-A. He composed the Quatuor pour la fin du temps during his imprisonment, without instruments and equipment.

Stalag VIII-A
Stalag VIII-A was a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp, located just to the south of the town of Görlitz in Lower Silesia, east of the River Neisse. The location of the camp lies in today's Polish town of Zgorzelec, which lies over the river from Görlitz.

It was originally set up as a Hitler Jugend (Hitler Youth) camp, converted in October 1939 to house Polish prisoners (both soldiers and civilians), and later held up to 30,000 Allied prisoners of war (POWs), including Belgians, the French, Soviets, Britons, Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, South Africans, Italians, Yugoslavs, Slovaks and Americans, before its evacuation in February 1945. Its most famous inmate was French composer Olivier Messiaen.
I Think I Love My Wife
I Think I Love My Wife is a 2007 American romantic comedy film starring Chris Rock, Kerry Washington and Gina Torres.  Rock co-wrote the film with Louis C.K. and also directed and produced it. It is a remake of the 1972 French film Love in the Afternoon by Éric Rohmer. The film was released by Fox Searchlight Pictures on March 16, 2007 and received generally negative reviews from critics while grossing $13.8 million against an $11–14 million budget.

Gina Torres
Gina Torres (born April 25, 1969) is an American actress. Her starring roles include Zoë Washburne in the science fiction series Firefly (2002–2003) and its feature film sequel Serenity (2005), and as Jessica Pearson in the legal drama series Suits (2011–2018) and its spin-off series Pearson (2019). Most recently, she starred on the series 9-1-1: Lone Star (2021–2025).
Chawan dialect
Chawan dialect (simplified Chinese: 诏安话; traditional Chinese: 詔安話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chiàu-an-ōɛ) is a variety of Southern Min spoken in the Chawan (Zhao'an) County in Fujian province, China. It is usually considered a divergent dialect of Hokkien exhibiting some Teochew influence.

Teochew Min
Teochew, also known as Swatow or Teo-Swa after its two best-known dialects, is a Southern Min language spoken by the Teochew people in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong and by their diaspora around the world. It is sometimes referred to as Chiuchow, its Cantonese rendering, due to English romanization by colonial officials and explorers. It is closely related to Hokkien, as it shares some cognates and phonology with Hokkien.

Teochew preserves many Old Chinese pronunciations and vocabulary that have been lost in some of the other modern varieties of Chinese. As such, Teochew is described as one of the most conservative Chinese languages.
Independent Labour Party
The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893 at a conference in Bradford, after local and national dissatisfaction with the Liberals' apparent reluctance to endorse working-class candidates. A sitting independent MP and prominent union organiser, Keir Hardie, became its first chairman.

The party played a key role in the formation of the Labour Representation Committee, to which ILP members Hardie and Ramsay MacDonald were delegates at its foundation in 1900. The committee was renamed the Labour Party in 1906, and the ILP remained affiliated until 1932. In 1947, the organisation's three parliamentary representatives defected to the Labour Party, and the organisation joined Labour as Independent Labour Publications in 1975.

Socialist Labour Party (UK, 1903)
The Socialist Labour Party was a socialist political party in the United Kingdom.  It was established in 1903 as a splinter from the Social Democratic Federation (SDF) by James Connolly, Neil Maclean and SDF members impressed with the politics of the American socialist Daniel De Leon, a Marxist theoretician and leading figure of the Socialist Labor Party of America. After decades of existence as a tiny organisation, the group was finally disbanded in 1980.
Kjell Risvik
Kjell Risvik (29 June 1941 – 28 March 2021) was a translator of literature into Norwegian from various languages, including Catalan, English, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.

He was awarded the Brage Honorary Prize in 2006, along with his wife Kari Risvik.

Brage Prize
The  Brage Prize (Norwegian: Brageprisen) is a Norwegian literature prize that is awarded annually by the Norwegian Book Prize foundation (Den norske bokprisen). The prize recognizes recently published Norwegian literature.

The Brage Prize has been awarded each fall since 1992 for the following categories:

Fiction

Children's literature

Non-fiction

Open class – a class which varies each year.

In addition to these classes, during the first several years the prize was also awarded in the following categories:

Poetry

Textbooks

Picture books

General literature
Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė
Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė (born 20 January 1963) is а Lithuanian actress and television presenter. Known for her screen and stage performances, she has gained recognition for films such as Burnt by the Sun (1994) and Katya Ismailova (1994), which won her the Nika Award for Best Actress. Dapkūnaitė was also credited in Mission: Impossible (1996), Seven Years in Tibet (1997), Emily Young's debut Kiss of Life (2003), and Okkupert (2015–2019).

Dapkūnaitė has performed in theaters in Lithuania, the United Kingdom, United States, and Russia, including Steppenwolf Theatre, Shaftesbury Theatre, The Old Vic, Hampstead Theatre, Theatre of Nations, and more. She has a long-lasting professional partnership with John Malkovich - they have worked together on numerous theatre productions.

Cynics (film)
Cynics (Russian: Циники) is a 1991 Soviet drama film directed by Dmitry Meskhiev. The film takes place in 1918 in Petrograd. The film tells about the young historian Vladimir, who meets with Olga, who hates the revolution as much as she loves her.
Kim Sterelny
Kim Sterelny (born 1950) is an Australian philosopher and professor of philosophy in the Research School of Social Sciences at Australian National University and Victoria University of Wellington. He is the winner of several international prizes in the philosophy of science, and was previously editor of Biology and Philosophy. He is also a member of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. He is currently the First Vice President of the Division for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (2020–2023).

International Union of History and Philosophy of Science
The International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology is one of the members of the International Science Council (ISC). It was founded in 1955 by merging the International Union of History of Science (IUHS) and the International Union of Philosophy of Science (IUPS), and consists of two divisions, the Division of History of Science and Technology (DHST) and the Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology (DLMPST).
Shut 'em Down (Onyx song)
"Shut 'Em Down" is a song by American hip hop group Onyx. It was released on February 3, 1998, by Def Jam and JMJ Records as the second single from Onyx's third album, Shut 'Em Down. The song featured labelmate DMX.

Produced by Self, Shut 'Em Down was successful on the R&B and rap charts, peaking at 61 on the US Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and 43 on the US Hot Rap Singles.

The official remix, which also appeared on the Shut 'Em Down album, featured rappers, Noreaga and Big Pun and was featured in the 2005 video game, Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories.

JMJ Records
JMJ Records was an American record label which was founded in 1985 by Jason Mizell, better known as Jam Master Jay from Run-D.M.C. The label was relaunched in 2017 by Jam Master J'Son, the oldest son of Jam Master Jay. The label released such artists as The Afros, Fam-Lee, Onyx, Jayo Felony, Suga and 50 Cent. The label closed in 2002 after the murder of its founder. Throughout the duration of its existence, JMJ Records has released 6 studio albums and about 25 singles.
Rivelin Dams
Rivelin Dams are a pair of water storage reservoirs situated in the upper part of the Rivelin Valley, 5 miles (8 km) west of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. The dams are owned by Yorkshire Water and provide water to 319,000 people as well as compensation water for the River Rivelin. They are named Upper and Lower and fall just within the eastern boundary of the Peak District.

Yorkshire Water
Yorkshire Water is a British water supply and treatment utility company servicing West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, the East Riding of Yorkshire, part of North Lincolnshire, most of North Yorkshire and part of Derbyshire, in England. The company has its origins in the Yorkshire Water Authority, one of ten regional water authorities created by the Water Act 1973, and privatised under the terms of the Water Act 1989, when Yorkshire Water plc, the parent company of the Yorkshire Water business, was floated on the London Stock Exchange. The parent company was Kelda Group in 1999.  
In February 2008, Kelda Group was bought by a consortium of infrastructure funds.

It is regulated under the Water Industry Act 1991.
Oranjewoud Palace
The Oranjewoud Palace is a palace and estate which gives its name to Oranjewoud in the Province of Friesland in the Netherlands.

Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau, widow of William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz, acquired what was then known as the Schoterswoud at Heerenveen, an estate consisting of several fields, forests and buildings. She built a palace and gardens there, which after her death were inherited by John William Friso, Prince of Orange, who commissioned Daniel Marot to build the Paleis Oranjewoud. Work began in 1708 and continued under John William's wife Marie-Louise, but it was never completed and after a period of neglect it was terminated. The current house on the estate was built in 1829.

Albertine Agnes of Nassau
Albertine Agnes of Nassau (9 April 1634 – 26 May 1696), was the regent of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe during the minority of her son Henry Casimir II, Count of Nassau-Dietz, between 1664 and 1679.  She was the sixth child and fifth daughter of stadtholder Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels.
Harry Greer
Sir Harry Greer (18 September 1876 – 20 March 1947) was a British businessman and Conservative politician.

He was elected Member of Parliament for Clapham in a by-election in 1918. However, in the general election of that year he contested, and won, the constituency of Wells. He held the seat until the next election in 1922. He was knighted in the 1922 New Years Honours List.

He later became chairman of the Lord Roberts Memorial Workshops, an organisation set up to create employment for wounded ex-servicemen and named after Field Marshal Lord Roberts. In the 1930s, he joined the board of the Baird Television company, and soon became its chairman. In 1934 his speech to shareholders was delivered by television from Crystal Palace to a meeting in Film House, Wardour Street, London, seven miles away. Until his death he was chairman of the Scottish Machine Tool Corporation.

He married in 1906 and had three daughters.

1922 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1922 were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published on 30 December 1921.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.