hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernest Marples
Alfred Ernest Marples, Baron Marples, PC (9 December 1907 – 6 July 1978) was a British Conservative politician who served as Postmaster General (1957–1959) and Minister of Transport (1959–1964).

As Postmaster General, he oversaw the introduction of the Premium Bond scheme and of postcodes. His period as Minister of Transport was controversial. He both oversaw significant road construction (he opened the first section of the M1 motorway) and the closure of a considerable portion of the national railway network with the Beeching cuts. His involvement in the road construction business Marples Ridgway, of which he had been managing director, led to concerns regarding conflict of interest. In later life, Marples was elevated to the peerage before fleeing to Monaco at very short notice to avoid prosecution for tax fraud.

Postmaster General of the United Kingdom
Postmaster General of the United Kingdom was a Cabinet ministerial position in HM Government. Aside from maintaining the postal system, the Telegraph Act 1868 established the Postmaster General's right to exclusively maintain electric telegraphs. This would subsequently extend to telecommunications and broadcasting.

The office was abolished in 1969 by the Post Office Act 1969. A replacement public corporation, governed by a chairman, was established under the name of the Post Office (later subsumed by Royal Mail Group). The cabinet position of Postmaster General was replaced by a Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, with reduced powers, until 1974; most regulatory functions have now been delegated to the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology and the Secretary of State for Business and Trade.
Thal, Uttarakhand
Thal is a small town situated on the banks of Ramganga river in the Pithoragarh district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is one of the thirteen tehsils of district Pithoragarh.

Thal has been a centre for local trade for nearby settlements at Didihat, Munsiari, Chaukori and Dharamghar since antiquity. It is also known for a 9th century Shiva temple located on the bank of Ramganga river and the Ek Hathiya Dewal temple - a rock cut temple believed to be crafted by a one-armed artisan.

Thal was a block of the Almora district from 1957 to 1962. Since 30 September 2014, it is a tehsil of the Pithoragarh district, which was constituted from 114 villages earlier part of Berinag and Didihat tehsil.

Munsiari
Munsyari (Kumaoni: Munsyār) is the name of the sub-division headquarters, a municipal board, a conglomeration of revenue villages and it also refers to the entire region as Munsiyari Tehsil and Sub Division in the Pithoragarh District in the hill-state of Uttarakhand, India.

It is a hill station and lies at the base of the great Himalayan mountain range, at an elevation of about 2,200 m (7,200 ft) and is a starting point of various treks into the interior of the range.
Peter D. Gifford
Peter D. Gifford (August 31, 1812 – March 17, 1888) was an American lawyer, merchant, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served three terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Waukesha County during the 1851, 1862, and 1866 terms.  He was also a delegate to the convention which drafted the Constitution of Wisconsin in the Winter of 1847–1848.  His name was sometimes abbreviated as P. D. Gifford.

19th Wisconsin Legislature
The Nineteenth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 10, 1866, to April 12, 1866, in regular session.

Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 7, 1865.  Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 8, 1864.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Lucius Fairchild, of Dane County, serving the first year of a two-year term, having won election in the 1865 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.
Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa
Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa (born September 29, 1987) is a Brazilian Magic: The Gathering player. In 2011, Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa became the youngest player to ever reach 300 lifetime Pro Points. He was elected into the Magic: The Gathering Hall of Fame in 2012 as the first player from South America, and has seventeen Pro Tour Top 8 finishes (with three wins among them), which puts him second for the most Pro Tour Top 8s of all time, and in 2020 Da Rosa won the world championship for the 2019 season. Da Rosa is the all-time leader in prize money won playing professional-level Magic.

Magic: The Gathering Players Tour
The Players Tour (PT) is a competitive international league for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game, culminating in the World Championship. It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world, each requiring an invitation to participate. The Players Tour permanently replaced the Pro Tour in the 2020 season. Every PT awards a total of $250,000 in cash prizes, with $50,000 going to the winner. The Players Tour is split into three regions: Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Each region hosts three events, resulting in nine Players Tour events per season.
Lykandos
Lykandos or Lycandus (Greek: Λυκανδός), known as Djahan in Armenian, was the name of a Byzantine fortress and military-civilian province (or "theme"), known as the Theme of Lykandos (θέμα Λυκανδοῦ), in the 10th–11th centuries.

Theme (Byzantine district)
The themes or thémata (Greek: θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main military and administrative divisions of the Byzantine Empire. They were established in the mid-7th century in the aftermath of the Slavic migrations to the Balkans and Muslim conquests of parts of Eastern Roman territory, and replaced the earlier ancient provincial system established by Diocletian and Constantine the Great. In their origin, the first themes were created from the areas of encampment of the field armies of the East Roman army, and their names corresponded to the military units that had existed in those areas. The theme system reached its apogee in the 9th and 10th centuries, as older themes were split up and the conquest of territory resulted in the creation of new ones. The original theme system underwent significant changes in the 11th and 12th centuries, but the term remained in use as a provincial and financial circumscription until the very end of the Empire.
Zarsanga
Zarsanga PP (Pashto: زرڅانگه; born 1946) is a Pakistani singer from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, primarily associated with Pashto folk music. She began her singing career singing for Radio Pakistan in Peshawar and some television programmes, and later went on to perform in Europe, the United States and the UAE. Her extensive career as a singer and performer has earned her the sobriquet "The Queen of Pashtun Folklore" and the Presidential Pride of Performance Award by the Government of Pakistan.

Pride of Performance
The Pride of Performance (Urdu: تمغہِ حسنِ کارکردگی, romanized: tamġā-e husn-e kārkardgī), officially known as the Presidential Pride of Performance, is an award bestowed by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to recognize people with "notable achievements in the field of art, science, literature, sports, and nursing". It is considered one of the country's most prestigious awards in these fields conferred upon citizens and, in some cases, foreign nationals.
Shuliavka Republic
The Shuliavka Republic (Ukrainian: Шулявська республіка; Russian: Шулявская республика) was a self-declared entity in Shuliavka neighborhood, Kyiv by workers of the factory of Greter, Krivanek, & Co (today Bilshovyk Factory) and students of the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. The uprising lasted a total of four days, from 12–16 December (O.S.; 26–29 in the Gregorian calendar), 1905. The Shuliavska Republic ended after the Imperial Russian Army put down the uprising.

Kyiv Polytechnic Institute
The Kyiv Polytechnic Institute (abbr.  KPI, Ukrainian: Київський політехнічний інститут, КПІ, romanized: Kyivskyi politekhnichnyi instytut; official full title National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute") is a national public technological university in Kyiv, Ukraine.
George Ian Scott
George Ian Scott (15 March 1907 – 22 May 1989) was a Scottish ophthalmic surgeon who in 1954 became the first holder of the Forbes Chair of Ophthalmology at the University of Edinburgh. He specialised in neuro-ophthalmology, studies of the visual fields and diabetic retinopathy. He was president of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1964 to 1967, Surgeon-Oculist to the Queen in Scotland from 1965 and president of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom from  1970 to 1972.

Arthur Henry Havens Sinclair
Arthur Henry Havens Sinclair (20 February 1868 – 30 Jun 1962) was a Scottish ophthalmologist. He was a pioneer of quantitative perimetry, introducing this technique of visual field testing to Britain. Sinclair also introduced the operation of intracapsular extraction of the lens for cataract into the UK. He was President of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom from 1931 to 1933 and  was President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1933 to 1935.  He was Surgeon-Oculist to King George VI  in Scotland.
Zygmunt Szendzielarz
Zygmunt Szendzielarz (12 March 1910 – 8 February 1951, nom de guerre "Łupaszka".) was the commander of the Polish 5th Wilno Brigade of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa) and after the Second World War fought against the Red Army. The unit also committed the Dubingiai massacre, murdering twenty seven Lithuanian civilians on 23 June 1944.

Following the postwar Soviet takeover of Poland he was arrested, accused of numerous crimes, and executed in Warsaw's Mokotów Prison as an anti-communist diehard soldier.

In 1993, after the fall of communism, he was rehabilitated and declared innocent of all charges. In 2007 Polish president Lech Kaczyński posthumously awarded him the order of Polonia Restituta.

Aleksander Krzyżanowski
Aleksander Krzyżanowski nom de guerre "Wilk" (18 February 1895 – 29 September 1951) was an artillery colonel of the Polish Army, officer of the Service for Poland's Victory, Union of Armed Struggle, commander of the Vilnius District of the Home Army and political prisoner of the Stalinist period. In 1994 he was posthumously promoted to the rank of brigade general.
Pétur Rúnar Birgisson
Pétur Rúnar Birgisson (born 20 February 1996) is an Icelandic basketball player who plays for Tindastóll of the Úrvalsdeild karla. He won the Icelandic championship in 2023 and the Icelandic Cup in 2018 with Tindastóll.

Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild karla (English: Men's Premier League), also known as Bónus deild karla for sponsorship reasons, is the highest men's professional basketball competition among clubs in Iceland, where play determines the national champion. It is organized by the Icelandic Basketball Federation (Icelandic: Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ).
The season consists of a home-and-away schedule of 22 games, followed by an eight-team playoff round. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals series are best-of-five. The bottom clubs are relegated, and replaced by the top team from the regular-season phase and the four-team playoff round winner of the second-level First Division (Icelandic: 1. deild karla).
Royal City Roller Derby
Royal City Roller Derby (RCRD) is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Guelph, Ontario. Founded in 2010, the league consists of three teams, plus two travel teams which compete against teams from other leagues. Royal City is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

Women's Flat Track Derby Association
The Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) is the international governing body for the sport of women's flat track roller derby. It sets the international standards for rankings, rules, and competition in the sport, and provides guidance and resources to aid development of roller derby.

The organization was founded in April 2004 as the United Leagues Coalition (ULC), but was renamed in November 2005. It is registered in Raleigh, North Carolina as a 501(c)(6) Business League organization, a type of nonprofit organization.
1717–1718 Acts of Grace
The Proclamation for Suppressing of Pirates (also known simply as the Act of Grace, though not an Act of Parliament) was a royal proclamation issued by George I of Great Britain on 5 September 1717. It promised a pardon for acts of piracy committed before the following 5 January, to those pirates who surrendered themselves to the correct authority before a deadline. Originally, the surrender had to occur on or before 5 September 1718; this was later extended by a second proclamation to 1 July 1719.

The proclamation also included bounties for the capture of pirates who failed to surrender before the deadline, as well as offering rewards for pirate crew members who facilitated the capture of their captains.

In December 1718, a further extension of the deadline was suggested, in hopes of dissuading pirates from entering Spanish service during the War of the Quadruple Alliance.

War of the Quadruple Alliance
The War of the Quadruple Alliance, 1718 to 1720, was a conflict between Spain and a coalition of Austria, Great Britain, France, and Savoy, with the addition of the Dutch Republic in 1719. Military operations focused primarily on Sicily and Spain, with minor engagements in North America. The Spanish-backed Jacobite rising of 1719 in Scotland is considered a related conflict.

Seeking to recover territories ceded under the 1713 Peace of Utrecht, Spanish troops landed on Sicily in July 1718. On 2 August, Austria, France, Britain and Savoy formed the Quadruple Alliance, and on 11 August, the Royal Navy defeated a Spanish fleet at the Battle of Cape Passaro. Austrian land forces retook Sicily in October 1719, and the British sacked Vigo, which forced its leaders to seek peace terms. The Treaty of The Hague (1720) restored the position prior to 1717, with Savoy and Austria exchanging Sardinia and Sicily.
Calendula officinalis
Calendula officinalis, Mary's gold, common marigold, the pot marigold, Scotch marigold, or ruddles, is a flowering plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is probably native to southern Europe, but its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown, and it is widely naturalised. The florets are edible and the plant has historically been used as medicine.

The names marigold and Mary's gold were given by the English people to honour Mary, mother of Jesus, who was said to wear "a crown of gold that circles the earth".

Edible flower
Edible flowers are flowers that can be consumed safely. Flowers may be eaten as vegetables as a main part of a meal or  used as herbs. Flowers are part of many regional cuisines, including those of Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.
Mark Woyongo
Mark Owen Woyongo (9 June 1946 – 17 January 2024) was a Ghanaian politician who served as the Ghanaian Minister for the Interior for the Ghanaian Ministry of the Interior. He was also the Member of Parliament for the Navrongo Central constituency in Ghana.

Woyongo first stood for election on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress in the 2008 Ghanaian parliamentary election, winning 41.7% of the votes and losing to Joseph Kofi Adda of the New Patriotic Party by 1,130 votes (3.5%). He was however appointed the Upper East Regional Minister by President Mills in his government in 2009. He was retained in this position by President Mahama following the death of Mills. In 2013, he was nominated by President Mahama for the position of Minister for Defence.

Upper East Region
The Upper East Region is located in the northern part of Ghana, and it is the third smallest of the 16 administrative regions in Ghana. Despite its relatively small size, the region holds an outsized significance in the nation's cultural heritage and historical narrative. It occupies a total land surface of 8,842 square kilometers, hence constituting a modest 2.7% of Ghana's total land area. The regional capital is Bolgatanga, which is sometimes referred to as Bolga. It is a major center for the production and sale of beautifully woven baskets, leather goods, and straw handicrafts. Bolga serves as the administrative and commercial heartbeat of the region. Other major towns in the region include Navrongo, Paga, Sandema, Bawku, Zebilla, Tempane, Pusiga, Garu, Pwalugu, and Widana.
Tamsulosin
Tamsulosin, sold under the brand name Flomax among others, is a medication used to treat symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis in men. It is also used to help with the passage of kidney stones. The evidence for benefit with a kidney stone is better when the stone is larger. Tamsulosin is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include dizziness, headache, insomnia, nausea, blurry vision, and sexual problems. Other side effects may include feeling lightheaded with standing due to changes in blood pressure, and angioedema. Tamsulosin is an alpha blocker and works by relaxing muscles in the prostate. Specifically it is an α1-adrenergic receptor blocker.

Tamsulosin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1997. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 24th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 22 million prescriptions.

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor
The alpha-1 (α1) adrenergic receptor (or adrenoceptor) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) associated with the Gq heterotrimeric G protein. It consists of three highly homologous subtypes, α1A-, α1B-, and α1D-adrenergic. There is no α1C receptor. At one time, there was a subtype known as α1C, but it was found to be identical to the previously discovered α1A receptor subtype. To avoid confusion, naming was continued with the letter D. Catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) signal through the α1-adrenergic receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The crystal structure of the α1B-adrenergic receptor subtype has been determined in complex with the inverse agonist (+)-cyclazosin.
Francisco Rojas Villegas
Francisco Rojas Villegas (14 June 1909 – 18 December 1993) was a Chilean physician, academic, researcher, and politician. He served as a Minister of State — in the portfolio of Public Health — during the administration of President Jorge Alessandri between 1963 and 1964.

Ministry of Health (Chile)
The Ministry of Health of Chile (Spanish: Ministerio de Salud de Chile), also known as MINSAL, is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing the public health policies formulated by the President of Chile. Notably, all employees pay 7% of their monthly income to FONASA, the funding branch of the Chilean Ministry of Health.

The current Minister of Health is Ximena Aguilera. The minister has two adjuncts: the Undersecretary of Public Health (Spanish: Subsecretaria de Salud Pública) and the Undersecretary of Assistance Networks (Spanish: Subsecretaria de Redes Asistenciales).
Hessa Al Jaber
Hessa bint Sultan Al Jaber (Arabic: حصة الجابر) is a Qatari engineer, academic and politician. She was the first Minister of Information and Communications Technology in Qatar following the formation of a new cabinet by the Emir Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani in 2013. In 2017 she was one of four women appointed to the Consultative Assembly, becoming one of the country's first female parliamentarians.

Ministry of Information and Communications Technology (Qatar)
The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) is a Qatari ministry tasked with developing the country's communication and information technology sector. Its establishment was announced by a new cabinet in June 2013, as an extension of the Supreme Council of Information and Communication Technology that was established under Emiri Decree Law no. 36 of 2004.  Its current minister is Mohammed bin Ali bin Mohammed Al Mannai.

The organization's functions are described in the Amiri Decree No. 57 of 2021 and include "supervising and developing the communication and information technology (ICT) sector", "[r]aising community awareness about the importance of communications and information technology", and "[i]mplementing e-government programs," including the development of Qatar's e-government portal, "Hukoomi."  One of the MCIT's initiatives is the "Digital Society" program, which promotes digital literacy and inclusion as well as technology skills.
Sunspel
Sunspel is an English luxury clothing brand, founded in England in 1860. The brand is best known for boxer shorts, T-shirts and polo shirts. It is based in Long Eaton, near Nottingham, where it has its own factory.

Polo shirt
A polo shirt, tennis shirt, golf shirt, or chukker shirt is a form of shirt with a collar. Polo shirts are usually short sleeved but can be long; they were used by polo players originally in British India in 1859 and in Great Britain during the 1920s.

Polo shirts are usually made of knitted cotton (rather than woven cloth), usually a piqué knit, or less commonly an interlock knit (the latter used frequently, though not exclusively, with pima cotton polos), or using other fibers such as silk, wool, synthetic fibers, or blends of natural and synthetic fibers. A dress-length version of the shirt is called a polo dress.
Shirish Baban Deo
Air Marshal Shirish Baban Deo, PVSM, AVSM, VM, VSM, ADC was the Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) of the Indian Air Force. He assumed the office of Vice Chief on 31 December 2016 from Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa and served in the same capacity till his retirement on 30 September 2018.

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
Tisá Rocks
The Tisá Rocks or Tisá Walls (Czech: Tiské stěny; German: Tyssaer Wände) are a group of rocks in Tisá in the Czech Republic. It is located in the western Elbe Sandstone Mountains, not far from its topographical boundary with the Ore Mountains. The region, with its rock pillars up to 30 m high, is one of the major tourist attractions of the region. The Tisá Rocks and the neighbouring Bürschlické Rocks are protected as a nature monument.

Elbe Sandstone Mountains
The Elbe Sandstone Mountains, also called the Elbe Sandstone Highlands (German: Elbsandsteingebirge, pronounced [ɛlpˈz̥antʃtaɪnɡəˌbɪʁɡə]; Czech: Děčinská vrchovina, pronounced [ˈɟɛtʃɪnskaː ˈvr̩xovɪna]), are a mountain range straddling the border between the state of Saxony in southeastern Germany and the North Bohemian region of the Czech Republic, with about three-quarters of the area lying on the German side. In both countries, core parts of the mountain range have been declared a national park. The name derives from the sandstone which was carved by erosion. The river Elbe breaks through the mountain range in a steep and narrow valley.

The Saxon Switzerland and Bohemian Switzerland national parks, known also as Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland, are located within the territory of Elbe Sandstone Mountains.