hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Syriac Gospels, British Library, Add. 14454
British Library, Add MS 14454, designated by number 87 on the list of Wright, is a Syriac manuscript of the New Testament, according to the Peshitta version, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 6th or 7th century.

William Aldis Wright
William Aldis Wright (1 August 1831 – 19 May 1914) was an English writer and classical scholar. He was best known for founding The Cambridge Shakespeare alongside writer William George Clark. Additionally, he was friends with poet Edward FitzGerald and published many of his works posthumously.
Unadilla-class gunboat
The Unadilla class was a class of gunboat built for the Union Navy at the outbreak of the American Civil War. Ships of the class were also known as "90-day gunboats" due to their rapid construction. The class was designed to be fully oceangoing while having a light enough draft to be able to operate close inshore, for blockade duty or other operations in shallow waters.

Unadilla-class gunboats took part in many coastal and river operations, most notably as the bulk of the fleet which captured the vital Confederate port of New Orleans in April 1862. As blockade ships, the 23 vessels of the class captured or destroyed no fewer than 146 enemy blockade runners during the war— about 10 percent of the total number of Confederate blockade runners so neutralized.

The Unadilla class was sold off quickly by the Navy at the end of the war, most of them going into merchant service. Little is known about their subsequent careers.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Duck sauce
Duck sauce (or orange sauce) is a condiment with a sweet and sour flavor and a translucent orange appearance similar to a thin jelly. Offered at American Chinese restaurants, it is used as a dip for deep-fried dishes such as wonton strips, spring rolls, egg rolls, duck, chicken, or fish, or with rice or noodles. It is often provided in single-serving packets along with soy sauce, mustard, hot sauce or red chili powder. It may be used as a glaze on foods, such as poultry. Despite its name, the sauce is not prepared using duck meat; rather it is named as such because it is a common accompaniment to Chinese-style duck dishes.

Sweet and sour
Sweet and sour is a generic term that encompasses many styles of sauce, cuisine, and cooking methods common to Eurasia. Sweet and sour sauce has remained popular in Asian and Western cuisines since the Middle Ages.
Leskernick Hill
Leskernick Hill is on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall, UK.  It is 329m high and has grid reference SX183803.  Leskernick Hill is within the Cornwall AONB (Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty) as part of Area 12: Bodmin Moor in the parish of Altarnun.  It lies in an area of moorland that is common land. Its parent hill is Brown Willy and it is within sight of Rough Tor and other local tors

Bodmin Moor
Bodmin Moor (Cornish Standard Written Form: Goon Brenn) is a granite moorland in north-eastern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 208 square kilometres (80 sq mi) in size, and the granite dates from the Permian period of geological history. It includes Brown Willy, the highest point in Cornwall, and Rough Tor, a slightly lower peak. Many of Cornwall's rivers have their sources here. It has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic era, when early farmers started clearing trees and farming the land. They left their megalithic monuments, hut circles and cairns, and the Bronze Age culture that followed left further cairns, and more stone circles and stone rows. By medieval and modern times, nearly all the forest was gone and livestock rearing predominated.

The name Bodmin Moor is relatively recent. An early mention is in the Royal Cornwall Gazette of 28 November 1812. The upland area was formerly known as Fowey Moor after the River Fowey, which rises within it.
Culoe De Song
Culolethu Zulu (born 20 August 1990 in Eshowe, Kwazulu Natal), known commonly by his stage name Culoe De Song, is a South African record producer, DJ and sangoma. His first name, "Culolethu", is an IsiZulu name meaning "our song", and he is known as "Culo" or "Culoe" meaning "song"; the name is pronounced with a clicking "C", not to be erroneously pronounced like the Spanish word "culo", which rhymes with "cool". He released his first album, A Giant Leap, in 2009. In 2011, he released his album Elevation with the help of Kindnes Khupe, a Zimbabwean-born tribal mix DJ. Later, he released Exodus (2013).
Culoe De Song recently won The Best Male Artist for the 2014 Metro FM Awards for his album Exodus, an album that was featured on Rolling Stone's (South Africa) Top 500 Albums of 2013. He also participated in the 2008 Red Bull Music Academy in Barcelona, Spain.

Metro FM
Metro FM is a national commercial radio station in South Africa owned by the South African Broadcasting Corporation. The station broadcasts on FM Stereo as well as the DStv Bouquet Channel 801.
Telephone :
Jarod Palmer
Jarod James Palmer (born February 10, 1986) is an American former professional ice hockey forward who played with the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League. He is a native of Fridley, Minnesota, and an alum of the USNTDP, where he played for two seasons. Palmer was a member of the silver medal-winning U.S. squad at the World Under-18 Championship in 2004. After graduating from high school, he spent two seasons in the USHL with the Tri-City Storm. Palmer then completed four years of collegiate hockey at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He made his NHL debut with the Wild on December 17, 2011.

USA Hockey National Team Development Program
The United States National Team Development Program (NTDP)  represents the United States in the IIHF World U18 Championship. Additionally the team plays domestically against opponents in the United States Hockey League (under-17 and under-18 teams), the National Collegiate Athletic Association (under-18 team), and other international tournaments. The program was started in 1996 by USA Hockey as a way to identify elite ice hockey players under the age of 18, and centralize their training. There are two teams in the program: under-17 and under-18. Both teams are based in Plymouth, Michigan.
Mark Mitchell Bassett
Mark Mitchell Bassett (March 27, 1837 – June 16, 1910) was an attorney, member of the Illinois Legislature (1884-1888) and Illinois State Senator (1888-1892). After his term in the Illinois state senate, he became a probate judge in Peoria County until his death in 1910.

During the American Civil War, First Lieutenant Bassett was a member of Company E of the 53rd Illinois Infantry who was captured on July 12, 1863 at Jackson, Mississippi. He was a prisoner of the Confederacy for 487 days until his escape on November 10, 1864, and a fifty-one-day tramp through South Carolina and the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee.

53rd Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 53rd Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment from Illinois that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment fought at Shiloh,  Hatchie's Bridge, Vicksburg, the March to the Sea, the Carolinas campaign, and Bentonville. After the war ended, it participated in the Grand Review of the Armies before being mustered out of service.
Mongol campaigns in Central Asia
Mongol campaigns in Central Asia occurred after the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes on the Mongolian Plateau in 1206. Smaller military operations of the Mongol Empire in Central Asia included the destruction of surviving Merkit and Naimans (which involved forays into Cumania) and the conquest of Qara Khitai. These were followed by a major campaign against Khwarazm. Expansion into Central Asia began in 1209 as Genghis Khan sent an expedition to pursue rivals who had fled to the region and threatened his new empire. The Uyghur kingdom Qocho and leaders of the Karluks submitted voluntarily to the Mongol Empire and married into the imperial family. By 1218 the Mongols controlled all of Xinjiang and by 1221 all the territories of the former Khwarazmian Empire. In 1236, the Mongols defeated the eastern portions of Cumania and swept into Eastern Europe.

Naimans
The Naiman (/ˈnaɪmən/; Karakalpak: Nayman; Kazakh: Найман, نايمان [nɑjˈmɑn]; Kyrgyz: Найман; Mongolian: ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨ [ˈnɛːmɴ̩]; Nogai: Найман; Uzbek: Nayman), meaning The Eight, was a medieval tribe originating in the territory of modern Western Mongolia (possibly during the time of the Uyghur Khaganate), and is one of the 92 tribes of Uzbeks, modern Mongols, in the middle juz of the Kazakhs, Karakalpaks, Kyrgyzs and Nogais.
Samsung Pay
Samsung Pay (stylized as SΛMSUNG Pay) is a mobile payment and digital wallet service, operated by the South Korean company Samsung Electronics. It lets users make payments using compatible smartphones and other Samsung-produced devices, accessed using the Samsung Wallet app.

First launched in 2015, the service supports contactless payments using near-field communications (NFC), but also supports magnetic strip-only payment terminals by incorporating magnetic secure transmission (MST) in devices released before 2021. In India, it also supports bill payments.

Near-field communication
Near-field communication (NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used for the bootstrapping of capable wireless connections. Like other proximity card technologies, NFC is based on inductive coupling between two electromagnetic coils present on an NFC-enabled device such as a smartphone. NFC communicating in one or both directions uses a frequency of 13.56 MHz in the globally available unlicensed radio-frequency ISM band, compliant with the ISO/IEC 18000-3 air-interface standard at data rates ranging from 106 to 848 kbit/s.

The NFC Forum has helped define and promote the technology, setting standards for certifying device compliance. Secure communications are available by applying encryption algorithms, as is done for credit cards, and if they fit the criteria for being considered a personal area network.
Paleoanguimorpha
Paleoanguimorpha is a clade of anguimorphs comprising Shinisauria (represented today by shinisaurids) and Goannasauria (represented today by Varanoidea which includes the families Lanthanotidae and Varanidae). Morphological studies in the past also classified helodermatids and pythonomorphs with the varanoids in the clade Platynota, while the Chinese crocodile lizard was classified as a xenosaurid. Current molecular work finds no support in these groupings and instead has found the helodermatids more related to Diploglossa in the sister clade Neoanguimorpha, while the Chinese crocodile lizard is the closet living relative to varanoids. Pythonomorphs represented by snakes today are not closely related to varanoids and are instead a sister lineage to Anguimorpha and Iguania in the clade Toxicofera.

Below is the phylogeny of the paleoanguimorph lineages after Pyron et al. (2013):

Chinese crocodile lizard
The Chinese crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) is a semiaquatic anguimorph lizard found only in cool forests in southeastern China and northeastern Vietnam. The Chinese crocodile lizard spends much of its time in shallow water or in overhanging branches and vegetation, where it hunts its prey of insects, snails, tadpoles, and worms. Individuals in captivity may be fed baby mice. A rare and little-studied lizard, it is listed in CITES Appendix II, which regulates international trade of specimens. This is the only species in the monotypic genus Shinisaurus. It is the only living member of Shinisauria, a clade of lizards whose fossil record extends back to the Early Cretaceous, over 120 million years ago.
West Region, Singapore
The West Region is one of the five regions in the city-state of Singapore. The region is the largest in terms of land area and is the third most populous region after the North-East Region and Central Region. Jurong East is the regional centre of the region, with plans of developing the Jurong Lake District into a second CBD area. Jurong West is the most populous town in the region, with a population of 262,730 residents. Comprising 25,500 hectares of land area, it includes twelve planning areas and is home to about 922,540 residents.

Jurong Lake District
Jurong Lake District (JLD) is a district in Singapore, planned as part of Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA)’s decentralisation efforts to bring more quality jobs, amenities, and recreational options closer to homes. The plans for the district have continued to evolve since the blueprint was first unveiled in the URA Master Plan 2008. It consists of three precincts, namely Jurong Gateway, Lakeside and Lakeside Gateway. It is 472 hectares (4,720,000 m2) in size and is served by two major expressways and three MRT stations. It is planned to be Singapore's next central business district. In June 2023, a white site 6.5 hectares (ha) in size was released for sale to kick-start development of the largest commercial district outside Singapore’s city centre.
Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez
María Josefa Crescencia Ortiz Téllez–Girón, popularly known as Doña Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez or La Corregidora (8 September 1768 – 2 March 1829) was an insurgent and supporter of the Mexican War of Independence, which fought for independence against Spain, in the early 19th century. She was married to Miguel Domínguez, corregidor of the city of Querétaro, hence her nickname.

Ortiz de Domínguez is commemorated in the annual reenactment of the Cry of Dolores.

Grito de Dolores
The Cry of Dolores (Spanish: Grito de Dolores) occurred in Dolores, Mexico, on 16 September 1810, when Roman Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang his church bell and gave the call to arms that triggered the Mexican War of Independence. The Cry of Dolores is most commonly known by the locals as El Grito de Independencia (The Independence Cry).

Every year on the eve of Independence Day, the president of Mexico re-enacts the cry from the balcony of the National Palace in Mexico City while ringing the same bell Hidalgo used in 1810. During the patriotic speech, the president calls out the names of the fallen heroes who died during the War of Independence and ends the speech by shouting "¡Viva México!" three times, followed by the Mexican National Anthem.
Kim Yuk
Kim Yuk (Korean: 김육; Hanja: 金堉; 1580 – September 1658) was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar, politician and writer of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His art name was Chamgok (잠곡) and Hoejŏngdang (회정당), his courtesy name was Paekhu (백후), and his posthumous name was Munjŏng (문정; 文貞). He came from the Cheongpung Kim clan (청풍 김씨; 淸風金氏).

Kim Yuk served as the Chief State Councillor  of the Joseon dynasty in 1651 and 1654 through 1658. He was grandfather of Queen Myeongseong.

Song Si-yŏl
Song Si-yŏl (Korean: 송시열; 1607–1689), also known by his art names Uam (우암) and Ujae (우재) or by the honorific Master Song (송자; 宋子; Songja), was a Korean philosopher and politician. Born in Okcheon, North Chungcheong Province, he was known for his concern with the problems of the common people.  He served in governmental service for more than fifty years, and his name features over 3,000 times in the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty, the greatest frequency that any individual is mentioned. He was executed by the royal court for writing an inflammatory letter to the king.
There is a monument to him in his hometown.
He is also known as the calligrapher who inscribed an epitaph (Chungyeolmyobi Takboncheop) in dedication of Admiral Yi Sunsin, which is preserved at the Chungnyeolsa Shrine (historical site No. 236). He was from the Eunjin Song clan and was close friends with one of his distant relatives, Song Chun-gil.
WXJC-FM
WXJC-FM (101.1 FM, "Truth 101.1") is a commercial radio station licensed to Cullman, Alabama, serving Greater Birmingham and most of north-central Alabama. It is owned by Crawford Broadcasting Company. WXJC-FM and its sister station WXJC 850 AM simulcast a format of Christian talk and teaching programs with Southern gospel and worship music. The studios are on Summit Parkway at West Valley Avenue in Birmingham.

WXJC-FM's transmitter is sited in Good Hope, Alabama, near the border between Cullman County and Blount County, approximately 40 miles (64 km) north of downtown Birmingham. The signal provides at least secondary coverage to Huntsville, Tuscaloosa, Gadsden and Florence.

WYDE (AM)
WYDE (1260 AM) is a commercial radio station in Birmingham, Alabama. It is owned by the Crawford Broadcasting Company and it airs a talk format with some Christian talk and teaching and southern gospel programs. It is simulcast with WYDE-FM 92.5 MHz in Cordova. The studios are on Summit Parkway at West Valley Avenue.

The transmitter site is on 2nd Avenue North at 35th Street South in Birmingham. By day, it transmits with 5,000 watts, but at night, to avoid interfering with other stations on AM 1260, it greatly reduces power to 41 watts. Programming is also heard on FM translator W237EK (95.3 FM) and on WDJC-FM-HD4.

WYDE broadcasts in the HD Radio format. It converted to digital-only transmissions on September 1, 2023, but switched back to hybrid (analog plus digital) in June 2025.
Christopher Schutz
Christopher Schutz (1521–1592) also commonly known in England as Jonas Schutz, was a German-born metallurgist who worked in England for several decades. He built England's first blast furnace at Tintern, and was one of the principal assayers of the worthless ore brought from Baffin Island by Sir Martin Frobisher.

Martin Frobisher
Sir Martin Frobisher (/ˈfroʊbɪʃər/; c. 1535/1539 – 22 November 1594) was an English sea captain and privateer who made three voyages to the New World looking for the North-west Passage. He probably sighted Resolution Island near Labrador in eastern Canada, before entering Frobisher Bay and landing on present-day Baffin Island.

On his second voyage, Frobisher found what he thought was gold ore and carried 200 short tons (180 t) of it home on three ships, where initial assaying determined it to be worth a profit of £5.20 per ton (equivalent to £1,900 per ton in 2023). Encouraged, Frobisher returned to Canada with an even larger fleet and dug several mines around Frobisher Bay. He carried 1,350 tons of the ore back to England, where, after years of smelting, it was realized that the ore was a worthless rock containing the mineral hornblende. As an English privateer, he plundered riches from French ships. He was later knighted for his service in repelling the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Robert Clark (zoologist)
Dr Robert Selbie Clark FRSE (11 September 1882 – 29 September 1950) was a Scottish marine zoologist and explorer. He was the biologist on Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917, and served as the director of the Scottish Home Department Marine Laboratory, at Torry, Aberdeen.

Marine Directorate
The Marine Directorate (Scottish Gaelic: Cùisean Mara na h-Alba) is a directorate of the Scottish Government responsible for managing Scotland's seas and freshwater fisheries along with delivery partners NatureScot and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency. Between April 2009 and June 2023 the directorate was known as Marine Scotland.
Proxmark3
Proxmark3 is a multi-purpose hardware tool for radio-frequency identification (RFID) security analysis, research and development. It supports both high frequency (13.56 MHz) and low frequency (125/134 kHz) proximity cards and allows users to read, emulate, fuzz, and brute force the majority of RFID protocols.

Originally created by Jonathan Westhues and published as open-source hardware, it was later picked up by a community of developers who significantly improved both hardware and software in comparison with the original version. Proxmark3 gathered a large community of security researchers investigating RFID access control systems, who expand and maintain the project while using it in their own research. The original Proxmark3 hardware platform served as the basis for new device versions, including commercial ones.

Near-field communication
Near-field communication (NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used for the bootstrapping of capable wireless connections. Like other proximity card technologies, NFC is based on inductive coupling between two electromagnetic coils present on an NFC-enabled device such as a smartphone. NFC communicating in one or both directions uses a frequency of 13.56 MHz in the globally available unlicensed radio-frequency ISM band, compliant with the ISO/IEC 18000-3 air-interface standard at data rates ranging from 106 to 848 kbit/s.

The NFC Forum has helped define and promote the technology, setting standards for certifying device compliance. Secure communications are available by applying encryption algorithms, as is done for credit cards, and if they fit the criteria for being considered a personal area network.
Floriana Garo
Floriana Garo (born 15 February 1987) is an Albanian television presenter, political spokesperson and former Miss Albania.

She represented Albania in the Miss World 2012 beauty pageant.

Garo was the first host of the entertainment show Jo Vetem Mode on TV Klan as well as the first weather presenter on Albania's ABC News. In addition, she has also been the brand ambassador for Albania's Cortefiel clothing since 2011.

ABC News (Albania)
ABC News is an Albanian free-to-air television channel based in Tirana. It was founded in 2010 on the frequency of the defunct Italian-Albanian channel Telenorba Shqiptare and in 2019 was acquired by ABC Management sh.p.k. It is part of the ABC Media Group, together with Television 7 (T7) and Gazeta Express (gazetaexpress.com) in Kosovo. ABC News Radio, a radio relay channel is available on 105.0 FM in Tirana.
Heinz Roch
Heinz Roch (17 January 1905 – 10 May 1945) was a German Nazi Party politician, SS-Oberführer and SS and Police Leader (SSPF) in the Crimea, the Bialystok District and northern Norway during the Second World War. He committed suicide at the end of the war.

SS and Police Leader
The title of SS and Police Leader (German: SS- und Polizeiführer) designated a senior Nazi Party official who commanded various components of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo; regular uniformed police), before and during World War II in the German Reich proper and in the occupied territories.
Nassodonta insignis
Nassodonta insignis is a species of brackish water snail, with gills and an operculum, a gastropod mollusk in the family Nassariidae.

Nassodonta insignis is the type species of the genus Nassodonta. This species distributed in the brackish water habitats of southwest coast of India.

Nassariidae
The Nassariidae, Nassa mud snails (US), or dog whelks (UK) are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized snails, mostly marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. These snails have rounded shells with a high spire, an oval aperture, and a siphonal notch. This family of snails is found worldwide.

These snails are found mostly in shallow water, on sandy or muddy substrates, often intertidally, but sometimes in deep water. They can be present in very large numbers in suitable habitat. Nassariidae are primarily active and lively scavengers.