hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leucostoma kunzei
The plant pathogenic fungus Leucostoma kunzei (formerly Valsa kunzei) is the causal agent of Leucostoma canker (also known as Cytospora canker or spruce canker), a disease of spruce trees found in the Northern Hemisphere, predominantly on Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens). This disease is one of the most common and detrimental stem diseases of Picea species in the northeastern United States, yet it also affects other coniferous species. Rarely does it kill its host tree; however, the disease does disfigure by killing host branches and causing resin exudation from perennial lesions on branches or trunks.

Picea abies
Picea abies, the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the longest cones of any spruce, 9–17 cm long. It is very closely related to the Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), which replaces it east of the Ural Mountains, and with which it hybridises freely. The Norway spruce has a wide distribution, being planted for its wood, and is the species used as a Christmas tree in several countries around the world. It was the first gymnosperm to have its genome sequenced. The Latin specific epithet abies means "like 
Abies, Fir tree".
Usnea subflammea
Usnea subflammea is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is characterized by its typically pendulous (hanging) growth form, thick cortex, and distinctive stipitate (stalked) soralia that develop at the tips of eroded tubercles (small bumps). This species occurs in the Azores and Canary Islands, and various countries in Central and South America.

Soredium
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens.  Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus, or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of a lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location.
Safavid Baghdad
The Baghdad province (Persian: ولایت بغداد, romanized: Velāyat-e Baghdād) was a province of the Safavid Empire, centred on the territory of the present-day Iraq. Baghdad was the provincial capital and the seat of the Safavid governors.

In October 1508, Shah Ismail entered into Baghdad. He appointed as governor of Iraq and Baghdad a certain Khadem Beg Talish. After the Shah took Baghdad, the city and its environs remained in Safavid hands until the Ottomans took the area in 1534 during the Campaign of the Two Iraqs.

Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)
The Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532–1555 was one of the many military conflicts fought between the two arch rivals, the Ottoman Empire led by Suleiman the Magnificent, and the Safavid Empire led by Tahmasp I. Ottoman territorial gains were confirmed in the Peace of Amasya.
Artur Ivens Ferraz
General Artur Ivens Ferraz (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐɾˈtuɾ ˈajvɐ̃ʃ fɨˈʁaʃ]; 1 December 1870, in Lisbon – 16 January 1933, in Lisbon), was a Portuguese military officer and politician. He served in the Portuguese Expeditionary Force during the Portuguese participation in World War I, in France. He was later Governor-General of Portuguese Mozambique, and was Minister of Trade, Colonies and Finances. He also served as Prime Minister from 8 July 1929 to 21 January 1930. He later occupied the post of general administrator of the Army and head of the Armed Forces.

Portuguese Expeditionary Corps
The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps (CEP, Portuguese: Corpo Expedicionário Português) was the main expeditionary force from Portugal that fought in the Western Front, during World War I. Portuguese neutrality ended in 1916 after the Portuguese seizure of German merchant ships resulted in the German Empire declaring war on Portugal. The expeditionary force was raised soon after and included around 55,000 soldiers.
Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński
Count Józef Kajetan Piotr Maksymilian Ossoliński known as Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński (1748 – 17 March 1826) was a Polish nobleman, landowner, politician, novelist, poet, historian and researcher into literature, historian, translator, lexicographer, bibliophile, a forerunner of Slavic studies and a leading figure of the Polish Enlightenment. He founded the Ossoliński Institute in Lwów to which he donated his immense library and other collections of manuscripts and coins.

Józef was a member of many learned institutions, and a doctor honoris causa of the Jagiellonian University. He became one of the first Polish politicians from Galicia. He took Austrian citizenship when he became prefect of the Imperial Austrian Library in 1793 in Vienna. He employed Samuel Linde as his "Gräfliche Ossolinskische Bibliothekar", librarian of the Ossoliński Library until 1803 and under his patronage compiler of the first Polish Lexicon.

Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski
Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski (1 December 1734 – 19 March 1823) was an influential Polish aristocrat, writer, literary and theater critic, linguist, traveller and statesman. He was a great patron of arts and a candidate for the Polish crown. He was educated in England and after his return to Poland in 1758, he became a member of the Sejm (parliament), Crown General of Podolia and Marshal of General Confederation of Kingdom of Poland.
University of the Southern Caribbean
The University of the Southern Caribbean (USC) is a private university owned and operated by the Caribbean Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. The main campus is located on 384 acres (1.55 km2) of land in the Maracas Valley on the island of Trinidad of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.  There are also six satellite extension campuses located in Scarborough, Trinidad and Tobago; San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago; Georgetown, Guyana; Bridgetown, Barbados; Castries, St. Lucia; and St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda.  One other satellite campus is in the planning for St. George's, Grenada.

The University offers courses to foster values-based education. The curriculum not only focuses on the academic, but has a holistic emphasis—an education that attends to the mind, soul, and body.

It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

Seventh-day Adventist education
The Seventh-day Adventist educational system, part of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, is overseen by the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists located in Silver Spring, Maryland. It is considered as the largest Protestant educational system and second largest Christian educational system in the world. The educational system is a Christian school–based system.

In 2023, the Seventh-day Adventist Church has associations with a total of 9,845 educational institutions operating in over 100 countries around the world with over 2,177,933 million students worldwide.

The denominationally-based school system began in the 1870s.
Robert T. Van Horn
Robert Thompson Van Horn (May 19, 1824 – January 3, 1916) was an American lawyer, the owner and publisher of The Kansas City Enterprise, the 6th mayor of Kansas City, Missouri during parts of the Civil War, a member of the Missouri General Assembly, and a representative of Missouri's 5th, 6th, and 8th congressional districts.

Missouri's 8th congressional district
Missouri's 8th congressional district is one of 435 congressional districts in the United States and one of eight congressional districts in the state of Missouri. The district encompasses rural Southeast Missouri and South Central Missouri as well as some counties in Southwest Missouri. The district stretches from the Bootheel in the south to the St. Louis southern exurbs of Festus, Hillsboro, and surrounding areas in the Lead Belt; it ranges in the east to counties along the Mississippi River and in the west to counties along the Ozark Plateau near Branson. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+27, it is the most Republican district in Missouri and the sixth most Republican district nationwide.
Trinny & Susannah Undress the Nation
Trinny & Susannah Undress the Nation is a British reality fashion-themed television documentary series on ITV featuring fashion advisors Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine.

The newly formatted series, stemming from Trinny & Susannah Undress..., began to air on ITV on 7 November 2007, and explores some of the major fashion problems in Britain. Numerous eye-catching stunts were filmed for the first series of the show in order to emphasise the points raised by Trinny and Susannah. One stunt included Susannah Constantine being transformed into a 70-year-old to look at how people dress for their age. Breasts, bras and uniforms were also some of the themes investigated during the first series.

Uniform
A uniform is a variety of costume worn by members of an organization while usually participating in that organization's activity. Modern uniforms are most often worn by armed forces and paramilitary organizations such as police, emergency services, security guards, in some workplaces and schools, and by inmates in prisons. In some countries, some other officials also wear uniforms in their duties; such is the case of the Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service or the French prefects. For some organizations, such as police, it may be illegal for non-members to wear the uniform.
Zeynab Hummatova
Zeynab Hummatova (Azerbaijani: Zeynəb Hümmətova; born 6 December 1999) is an Azerbaijani group rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2022 World 3 ribbons + 2 balls bronze medalist. She is the 2020 European group all-around silver medalist and 2022 European group all-around bronze medalist.

2020 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships
The 2020 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships is the 36th edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships, which took place on 26–29 November 2020 at the Palace of Sports in Kyiv, Ukraine. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, many competitors withdrew from the competition, such as Russia, Italy, and the Belarusian and Bulgarian groups.
Srđan Kalember
Srđan Kalember (Serbian Cyrillic: Срђан Калембер; June 5, 1928 – February 2, 2016), also known in France by his nickname Serge (Serbian Cyrillic: Серж), was a Serbian professional basketball player and coach. He won 9 National Championships with Crvena zvezda. He represented the Yugoslavia national basketball team internationally.

First Federal Basketball League
The First Federal Basketball League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna košarkaška liga) was the highest tier level men's professional club basketball competition in the former country of SFR Yugoslavia. Founded in 1945, and folded in 1992 (1991–92 Winer Broker YUBA League), it was run by the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia. With a total of 16 European-wide trophy winners and 11 finalists, the Yugoslav First Basketball League was one of the strongest European national domestic basketball leagues of all time.

Although each of the former Yugoslav countries now have their own national domestic leagues, the six nations also now take part in the ABA League (commonly known as the Adriatic League), which was founded in 2001; and which is, the closest basketball league in existence today, that is similar to the former Yugoslav First Federal Basketball League.
The Conan Swordbook
The Conan Swordbook is a 1969 collection of essays edited by L. Sprague de Camp and George H. Scithers, published in hardcover by Mirage Press. The essays were originally published as articles in Scithers' fanzine Amra. The book is a companion to Mirage's other two volumes of material from Amra, The Conan Reader (1968) and The Conan Grimoire (1972). Most of the material in the three volumes, together with some additional material, was later reprinted in two de Camp-edited paperback anthologies from Ace Books; The Blade of Conan (1979) and The Spell of Conan (1980).

Jack L. Chalker
Jack Laurence Chalker (December 17, 1944 – February 11, 2005) was an American science fiction author. Chalker was also a Baltimore City Schools history teacher in Maryland for 12 years, retiring during 1978 to write full-time. He also was a member of the Washington Science Fiction Association and was involved in the founding of the Baltimore Science Fiction Society.
Anselmus de Boodt
Anselmus de Boodt or Anselmus Boetius de Boodt (Bruges, 1550 -  Bruges, 21 June 1632) was a Flemish humanist naturalist, Rudolf II physician's gemologist. Along with the German known as Georgius Agricola with mineralogy, de Boodt was responsible for establishing modern gemology. De Boodt was an avid gems and minerals collector who travelled widely to various mining regions in Belgium, Germany, Bohemia and Silesia to collect samples. His definitive work on the subject was the Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia (1609).

De Boodt was also a gifted draughtsman who made many natural history illustrations and developed a natural history taxonomy.

Gemology
Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It is a specific interdisciplinary branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers (and many non-jewelers) are academically trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems.
Remember to Live
Remember to Live is an EP by American rock band Flyleaf and released after the tour supporting their previously released album Memento Mori.
The album consists of songs that fans have requested to be recorded for years, therefore the album was created especially for them.  There are a few new songs the fans may have never heard and old ones reborn that fans will remember from when Flyleaf was first named "Passerby".

Memento Mori (Flyleaf album)
Memento Mori is the second studio album by American rock band Flyleaf, released through A&M/Octone Records on November 10, 2009.  The title is a Latin phrase meaning "be mindful of death" or "remember you will die". Memento Mori debuted at number eight on the Billboard 200, selling 56,000 units in its opening week. It also became the first album by a female-led act to top the Billboard Hard Rock Albums chart. The album sold more than 311,600 copies in the U.S. in a little over one year.
Wandile Mlaba
Wandile Mlaba (born 21 March 2005) is a South African rugby union player who plays as an eighth man or flanker for the Stormers and Western Province in the Currie Cup. He represented the South Africa Under-20 side between 2024 and 2025.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Augmented hexagonal prism
In geometry, the augmented hexagonal prism is one of the Johnson solids (J54). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by augmenting a hexagonal prism by attaching a square pyramid (J1) to one of its equatorial faces. When two or three such pyramids are attached, the result may be a parabiaugmented hexagonal prism (J55), a metabiaugmented hexagonal prism (J56), or a triaugmented hexagonal prism (J57).

Parabiaugmented hexagonal prism
In geometry, the parabiaugmented hexagonal prism is one of the Johnson solids (J55). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by doubly augmenting a hexagonal prism by attaching square pyramids (J1) to two of its nonadjacent, parallel (opposite) equatorial faces. Attaching the pyramids to nonadjacent, nonparallel equatorial faces yields a metabiaugmented hexagonal prism (J56). (The solid obtained by attaching pyramids to adjacent equatorial faces is not convex, and thus not a Johnson solid.)

A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that are composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.
Shahr Khodro F.C.
Shahr Khodro Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال شهر خودرو, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Shahr Xodro), previously known as Padideh, was an Iranian football club based in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, that competed in the Persian Gulf Pro League. The club was founded in 2013 and was known as Padideh Khorasan Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال پديده خراسان, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Padide Xorasan) between 2013 and 2019, and between March and August 2021.

The football team plays its home games at the Imam Reza Stadium which has a seating capacity of 27,700. The club is owned and supported by the Shahr Khodro Company.

Persian Gulf Pro League
The Persian Gulf Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر خلیج فارس, Lig-e Bartar-e Xalij-e Fârs), formerly known as the Iran Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر ایران, Lig-e bartar-e Irân), is a professional association football league in Iran and the highest level of the Iranian football league system. It is controlled by the FFIRI and is contested by 16 teams over a 30-matchday period.

Each year, its top team becomes the Iranian football champion, and the two lowest finishers are relegated to the Azadegan League.

Since 2013, the league comprises 16 teams. The winner of the Persian Gulf Pro League along with the Hazfi Cup champion automatically qualify for the AFC Champions League Elite group stages. The third of the Persian Gulf Pro League is qualified for the AFC Champions League Elite Play-off round. The bottom two teams in the league are relegated to Azadegan League. In the past, the format and number of teams were changed for various times.
Jason Pridmore
Jason Pridmore (born October 4, 1969 in Goleta, California) is a retired American professional motorcycle racer who turned professional in 1990. He last raced professionally in the 2014 FIM World Endurance Championship on a BMW S1000RR for Team Penz 13. His professional career spanned 22 years, during which he won 21 American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) national races 17 of which are Superstock class wins (Formerly Supersport) which is second to Scott Russell. Pridmore was the AMA Formula Extreme Championship in 2002, the AMA 750 Supersport Championship in 1997 as well as the FIM Endurance World Championship title in 2003 & 2012 respectively. In addition to his professional racing career Pridmore instructs motorcyclists through his STAR Motorcycle school and JP43 Training programs. Pridmore also spends time as an expert analyst for Bein Sports coverage of the Moto America championships.

Scott Russell (motorcyclist)
Raymond Scott Russell (born October 28, 1964), a.k.a. Mr. Daytona, is an American former professional motorcycle and sports car racer. He is a former World Superbike and AMA Superbike Champion, has won the Daytona 200 a record five times, and won the Suzuka 8 Hours in 1993. Russell is the all-time leader in 750 cc AMA Supersport wins. In 2005, he was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame.
Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois
Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois (French pronunciation: [ɡabʁijɛl nado dybwa]; born 31 May 1990) is a Canadian politician who was the co-spokesperson of the party Québec solidaire from 2017 to 2025, and was elected as a member of the provincial legislative assembly on 29 May 2017. Before his arrival in active politics, he was well known for his role during the 2012 Quebec student protests as co-spokesperson of the Coalition large de l'Association pour une solidarité syndicale étudiante (CLASSE), a broad coalition of student associations opposed to the $1,625 tuition hike introduced by Jean Charest's government. He quit that position on 9 August 2012.

Association pour une solidarité syndicale étudiante
The Association pour une solidarité syndicale étudiante ("Association for Student Union Solidarity"; ASSE) was a Canadian student union founded in February 2001 in Sherbrooke, Quebec, which contained about 56,000  CEGEP and university-level students in 34 member student unions throughout Quebec. The ASSÉ positioned itself distinctly from the other province-wide student unions, the Fédération étudiante universitaire du Québec (FEUQ), the Fédération étudiante collégiale du Québec (FECQ) and the Table de concertation étudiante du Québec (TaCEQ), namely rejecting hierarchical leadership structures in favor of autonomous and horizontal approaches.

The ASSÉ formed the core of the Coalition large de l'ASSÉ (CLASSE), a temporary coalition created to counter the tuition hike and coordinate 2012 Quebec student protests.

The organization was dissolved on May 31, 2019, a decision adopted in congress on April 28, 2019. A transition committee was also formed on this date.
The Battle of Ranskoor Av Kolos
"The Battle of Ranskoor Av Kolos" is the tenth and final episode of the eleventh series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who. It was written by Chris Chibnall and directed by Jamie Childs, and was first broadcast on BBC One on 9 December 2018.

Set on the planet Ranskoor Av Kolos, the episode involves the alien time traveller the Thirteenth Doctor (Jodie Whittaker) and her companions Graham O'Brien (Bradley Walsh), Ryan Sinclair (Tosin Cole), and Yasmin Khan (Mandip Gill) working to stop the alien Stenza Tzim-Sha (Samuel Oatley) from using the powers of the psychic race the Ux to shrink the Earth in revenge for his previous defeat and exile thousands of years earlier.

The episode was watched by 6.65 million viewers, and received mixed reviews from critics.

Yasmin Khan (Doctor Who)
Yasmin "Yaz" Khan is a fictional character created by Chris Chibnall and portrayed by Mandip Gill in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. In the show's eleventh series, starting with the first episode, Yasmin serves as a companion of the Thirteenth Doctor, an incarnation of the alien time traveller known as the Doctor (portrayed by Jodie Whittaker); she would part ways with the Doctor in "The Power of the Doctor", the Thirteenth Doctor's final episode, and was the last person with her before she regenerated on her own. She is one of just two full-time companions to be present throughout the entirety of an incarnation's tenure, the other being Rose Tyler who starred alongside Christopher Eccleston's Ninth Doctor.
Silvanus bidentatus
Silvanus bidentatus, known generally as the flat bark beetle or two-toothed grain beetle, is a species of silvanid flat bark beetle in the family Silvanidae. It is found in North America, Oceania, and Europe.

Silvanidae
Silvanidae, "silvan flat bark beetles", is a family of beetles in the superfamily Cucujoidea, consisting of 68 described genera and about 500 described species. The family is represented on all continents except Antarctica, and is most diverse at both the generic and species levels in the Old World tropics.