hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FedNow
FedNow is an instant payment service developed by the Federal Reserve for financial institutions in the United States, which allows individuals and businesses to send and receive money. The service launched on July 20, 2023. Financial institutions are able to build products on top of the FedNow platform.

By 2025, over a thousand financial institutions were live on the service. The volume of settled payments on the service has grown steadily, exceeding one million payments in the first quarter of 2025 and two million of the second quarter of 2025 (over $2.7 billion in average daily volume).

Instant payment
Instant payment (sometimes referred to as real-time payment or faster payment) is a method of electronic funds transfer, allowing for almost immediate transfer of money between bank accounts. This was in contrast to the previous transfer times of one to three business days that had been in place until the mid-2010s.

Since the mid-2010s many countries have implemented instant payment systems that speed up the transfer between bank accounts in response to customer demand for faster transactions.

The Euro Retail Payments Board (ERPB) in 2018 defined instant payments as:

Electronic retail payment solutions available 24/7/365 and resulting in the immediate or close-to-immediate interbank clearing of the transaction and crediting of the payee’s account with confirmation to the payer (within seconds of payment initiation).
Prabodh Chandra Bhardwaj
Lieutenant General Prabodh Chandra Bhardwaj, PVSM, AVSM, VrC, SC, VSM is a former General Officer of the Indian Army. He last served as the Vice Chief of Army Staff, having assumed office on 1 October 2009 following the retirement of Lieutenant General Noble Thamburaj. He also served as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Northern Command. He is one of the most decorated officers of the Indian Army, with a war-time gallantry award and a peace-time gallantry award to his name.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Hungary was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song "Wars for Nothing", written by Áron Sebestyén, Boglárka Csemer and Sára Hélène Bori. The song was performed by Boggie. The Hungarian broadcaster Media Services and Support Trust Fund (MTVA) in collaboration with the Hungarian public broadcaster Magyar Televízió (MTV), organised the national final A Dal 2015 in order to select the Hungarian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest in Vienna, Austria. Following a six-week long selection process, Boggie emerged as the winner with the acoustic guitar driven ballad "Wars for Nothing". In the first of the Eurovision semi-finals "Wars for Nothing" placed eighth out of the 16 participating countries, securing its place among the 27 other songs in the final. In Hungary's thirteenth Eurovision appearance on 23 May, "Wars for Nothing" finished in twentieth place, receiving 19 points.

Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest
Hungary has been represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 17 times since making its debut in 1994. Hungary attempted to participate in 1993 but failed to qualify from Kvalifikacija za Millstreet, a special qualifying competition set up for seven former Eastern Bloc countries. The current Hungarian participating broadcaster in the contest is Médiaszolgáltatás-támogató és Vagyonkezelő Alap (MTVA).

Hungary's first contest in 1994 remains its most successful, with "Kinek mondjam el vétkeimet?" performed by Friderika Bayer finishing in fourth place. The country's only other top five result is a fifth-place finish with "Running" by András Kállay-Saunders in 2014. Other top ten results are "Unsubstantial Blues" by Magdi Rúzsa finishing ninth in 2007, "Kedvesem" by ByeAlex tenth in 2013, and "Origo" by Joci Pápai eighth in 2017, giving Hungary a total of five top ten placements.
Universal Motown Records
Universal Motown Records was an American record label that operated as a division of Universal Motown Republic Group. It was a contemporary incarnation of the massively successful soul label Motown Records, and the "urban" half of the Universal Records label, although there were some rock artists on the label (along with its sub-labels) as well. Due to internal restructuring at UMG, it was shuttered in 2011, eventually replaced by Republic Records and a modern Motown under The Island Def Jam Music Group.

The Island Def Jam Music Group
The Island Def Jam Music Group (Island Def Jam) (IDJMG) was an American record label group formed on December 31, 1998, by Universal Music Group. Prior to 2014, Island Def Jam included labels originally established under the umbrellas of Island Records and Def Jam Recordings. On April 1, 2014, Universal Music Group publicly announced the dissolution of the Def Jam Group, leaving IDJMG and its affiliated subsidiaries as separate sister labels.

In 2024, Universal Music Group restructured its East Coast labels, including Def Jam Recordings, Island Records, Mercury Records, and Republic Records, under a central operational hub named Republic Corps.
Solo (debit card)
Solo was a debit card in the United Kingdom introduced as a sister to the then existing Switch. (Later merged with the Maestro debit card brand of the Mastercard corporation) Launched on 1 July 1997, by the Switch Card Scheme, it was designed for use on deposit accounts, as well as by customers who did not qualify for a Switch card (or, later, Maestro card) on current accounts, such as teenagers. The Solo card scheme was decommissioned permanently on 31 March 2011.

Maestro (debit card)
Mastercard Maestro is a brand of debit cards and prepaid cards owned by Mastercard that was introduced in 1991. Maestro is accepted at around fifteen million point of sale outlets in 93 countries.

On July 1, 2023, Mastercard began phasing out Maestro across Europe. European banks and other card issuers are now required to replace expired or lost Maestro cards with a different card.
State Anthem of Dagestan
The State Anthem of the Republic of Dagestan, a constituent republic of Russia, was adopted on 25 February 2016. The music was composed by Murad Kazhlayev, and the lyrics are based on an Avar poem by Rasul Gamzatov. The official Russian lyrics were written by Nikolay Dorizo. It replaced the original anthem that functioned as the state anthem from 2003 to 2016.

Dagestan, You Holy Fatherland
"Dagestan, You Holy Fatherland" (Russian: Дагестан, ты отчизна святая) was the original regional anthem of the Russian federal subject of Dagestan from 2003 to 2016. It was composed and written by Shirvani Chalayev.
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II (/ˈjɑːhiə/; born July 15, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Black Manta in the superhero films Aquaman (2018) and Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom (2023), Bobby Seale in the Netflix historical legal drama The Trial of the Chicago 7 (2020), and Morpheus / Agent Smith in The Matrix Resurrections (2021). For his portrayal of Cal Abar / Doctor Manhattan in the HBO limited series Watchmen (2019), he won a Primetime Emmy Award. He also starred in episodes of The Handmaid's Tale (2018) and Black Mirror (2019).

He made his Broadway debut in the Suzan-Lori Parks play Topdog/Underdog for which he received a Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Play nomination. He has played Simon Williams / Wonder Man in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, starring in the Disney+ series Wonder Man (2026).

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie
This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie. Before 1975, supporting actors featured in a mini series or movie were included in categories such as comedy or drama. From 1975 to 1978, the award was called Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special. Despite the category's name, actors appearing in many episodes of a miniseries were included. In 1979, the award was named Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Special. The award was renamed again in 1986, in Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Special. By 1998, the award was renamed Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie.
Ingaderia
Ingaderia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Opegraphaceae. Species in this genus form pale, crusty patches that often crack when thick, and produce elongated fruiting bodies that appear as narrow slits on the surface. The genus was originally established with a single species from South America, but molecular studies published in 2023 expanded its scope to include several species previously classified in other genera such as Llimonaea and Paraingaderia. Species are distinguished by their thick, dark fruiting body walls, elongated ascospores divided by cross-walls, and the presence of various lichen products including erythrin, gyrophoric acid, or lecanoric acid. The genus comprises eight species found primarily in warmer climates, growing on rocks or bark.

Llimonaea
Llimonaea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the order Arthoniales. The genus has been placed into the family Opegraphaceae. These lichens form thin, firmly attached crusts that vary from chalky white and grey to olive-green or dark brown, often edged by a neat black line and characterized by rounded or scribble-like reproductive structures that sit flush with the surface. Established as a genus in 1991, Llimonaea species are distinguished by their partnership with orange-tinged green algae, their spindle-shaped spores with multiple cross-walls that gradually turn brown with age, and their black-rimmed crusts with robust carbonized walls around the fruiting bodies.
Baden thaler
The Thaler was a coin issued by Baden of varying equivalents to its currency, the South German gulden, each of 60 kreuzer. Beginning in 1690, the Reichsthaler specie coin of 25.984 g fine silver was issued for 2 gulden. After 1754, the Conventionsthaler of 23.3856 g fine silver was issued for 2.4 gulden (2 gulden, 24 kreuzer). Starting in the 19th, century the Kronenthaler of 25.71 g fine silver was issued for 2.7 gulden (2 gulden, 42 kreuzer); the French silver écu also started being accepted for 2.8 gulden (2 gulden, 48 kreuzer). After 1837, the doppelthaler, which was worth two Prussian thalers, was issued for 31⁄2 gulden. From 1857 to 1871, the Vereinsthaler was issued for 13⁄4 gulden.

Conventionsthaler
The Conventionstaler or Konventionstaler ("Convention thaler"), was a standard silver coin in the Austrian Empire and the southern German states of the Holy Roman Empire from the mid-18th to early 19th-centuries. Its most famous example is the Maria Theresa thaler which is still minted today. The Conventionsgulden was equivalent to a 1⁄2 Conventionsthaler.
Olivares, Spain
Olivares is a city located in the Province of Seville, Spain. According to the 2016 census (INE), the city has a population of 9480 inhabitants. It is located in the Aljarafe, the comarca downstream of the Guadalquivir and west of Seville. It borders Albaida to the west, Gerena to the north, Salteras to the east, and Sanlúcar la Mayor and Villanueva del Ariscal to the south. After the establishment of the House of Olivares, it grew in size and influence, becoming an important urban center in the Aljarafe.

Sanlúcar la Mayor
Sanlúcar la Mayor is a municipality in the province of Seville, southern Spain. The municipality is the location of the Solucar Complex.

Gaspar de Guzmán, Count of Olivares was created Duke of Sanlúcar la Mayor by Philip IV. He wished to retain his inherited title and so became known as el conde-duque.
Marylise Lebranchu
Marylise Lebranchu (French pronunciation: [maʁiliz ləbʁɑ̃ʃy]; born 25 April 1947 in Loudéac, Côtes-d'Armor) is a French politician of the Socialist Party who served as Minister of the Reform of the State and of Decentralisation under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault.

Jean-Marc Ayrault
Jean-Marc Joseph Marcel Ayrault (French: [ʒɑ̃maʁk eʁo]; born 25 January 1950) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 15 May 2012 to 31 March 2014. He later was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2017. He previously was Mayor of Nantes from 1989 to 2012 and led the Socialist Party group in the National Assembly from 1997 to 2012.
Jutta Bauer
Jutta Bauer (9 January 1955 – 10 September 2025) was a German writer and illustrator of children's books. She received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2010 for her "lasting contribution" as a children's illustrator.

Hans Christian Andersen Award
The Hans Christian Andersen Awards are two literary awards given by the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY), recognising one living author and one living illustrator for their "lasting contribution to children's literature". The writing award was first given in 1956, the illustration award in 1966. The former is sometimes called the "Nobel Prize for children's literature".

The awards are named after Hans Christian Andersen, a 19th-century Danish author of fairy tales, and each winner receives the Hans Christian Andersen Medaille (a gold medal with the bust of Andersen) and a diploma. Medals are presented at the biennial IBBY Congress.
First Chicago method
The First Chicago method or venture capital method is a business valuation approach used by venture capital and private equity investors that combines elements of both a multiples-based valuation and a discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation approach.

The First Chicago method was first developed by, and consequently named for, the venture capital arm of the First Chicago bank, the predecessor of private equity firms Madison Dearborn Partners and GTCR.

It was first discussed academically in 1987.

Valuation using multiples
In economics, valuation using multiples, or "relative valuation", is a process that consists of:

identifying comparable assets (the peer group) and obtaining market values for these assets.

converting these market values into standardized values relative to a key statistic, since the absolute prices cannot be compared. This process of standardizing creates valuation multiples.

applying the valuation multiple to the key statistic of the asset being valued, controlling for any differences between asset and the peer group that might affect the multiple.

Multiples analysis is one of the oldest methods of analysis.  It was well understood in the 1800s and widely used by U.S. courts during the 20th century, although it has recently declined as Discounted Cash Flow and more direct market-based methods have become more popular.
"Comparable company analysis",  closely related, was introduced by economists  at Harvard Business School in the 1930s.
Miss Earth 2022
Miss Earth 2022 was the 22nd edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Okada Manila in Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines, on 29 November 2022. The competition returned to the Philippines into a standard format for the first time since 2019, after easing travel restrictions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.

At the end of the event, Destiny Wagner of Belize crowned Mina Sue Choi of South Korea as Miss Earth 2022. This is the first time South Korea won the Miss Earth pageant. Her elemental court are crowned In the same event: Sheridan Mortlock of Australia as Miss Earth-Air, Nadeen Ayoub of Palestine as Miss Earth-Water, and Andrea Aguilera of Colombia as Miss Earth-Fire.

Contestants from eighty-five countries and territories participated in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by James Deakin for the sixth consecutive time and anchored by Miss Earth 2015 Angelia Ong, Miss Earth 2017 Karen Ibasco and Miss Earth 2019 Nellys Pimentel.

Miss Earth 2019
Miss Earth 2019 was the 19th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Okada Manila in Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines, on October 26, 2019.

Nguyễn Phương Khánh of Vietnam crowned Nellys Pimentel of Puerto Rico as her successor at the end of the event. This marks the first time Puerto Rico has won Miss Earth, becoming the first territory to win at least once in all of the Big Four beauty pageants.

In the same event, other elemental winners were also crowned: Emanii Davis of the United States won Miss Earth – Air, Klára Vavrušková of the Czech Republic as Miss Earth – Water, and Alisa Manyonok of Belarus as Miss Earth – Fire.
Devi Kanya Kumari
Devi Kanya Kumari (Tamil: கன்னியாகுமரி) (Sanskrit: देवी कन्या कुमारि, romanized: Dēvi Kanyā Kumāri) is a manifestation of the Hindu goddess Mahadevi in the form of an adolescent girl. She is variously described by various traditions of Hinduism to either be a form of Parvati or Lakshmi. She is also worshipped as an incarnation of the goddess Bhadrakali by Shaktas, and is known by several names such as Shrī Bāla Bhadra, Shrī Bāla, Kanya Devi, and Devi Kumari.

Bhadrakali
Bhadrakali (Sanskrit: भद्रकाली, romanized: Bhadrakālī, lit. 'auspicious Kali') is a fierce form of the Hindu supreme goddess Adi Shakti. She is worshipped predominantly in the South Indian state of Kerala and Nashik.

In Vaishnavism, Bhadrakali is among the many epithets of Yogamaya, the internal potency of illusion of the preserver deity, Vishnu. In some Shaiva traditions, she accompanies Virabhadra, a form of Shiva, as manifestations of Shiva's wrath.
Akkenam
Akkenam is a 2025 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by Uday K and produced by Arun Pandian's A & P Groups, starring himself, Keerthi Pandian and Adithya Shivpink in the lead roles. It marks the reunion of Keerthi and Arun the real life father daughter combo after their previous collaboration, Anbirkiniyal (2021).

Akkenam released in theatres on 4 July 2025 worldwide.

Anbirkiniyal
Anbirkiniyal is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language survival thriller film directed by Gokul and produced by Arun and Alankar Pandian. A remake of the Malayalam film Helen (2019), it stars Arun's daughter Keerthi as a woman who accidentally gets locked in a freezer room and fights to stay alive. The film began production in February 2020, and was released in theatres on 5 March 2021 to positive reviews.
Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion
The Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion (German: Europaregion Tirol-Südtirol-Trentino; Italian: Euregio Tirolo-Alto Adige-Trentino) is a Euroregion formed by three different regional authorities in Austria and Italy: the Austrian state of Tyrol (i.e. North and East Tyrol) and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino.

Euroregion
In European politics, the term Euroregion usually refers to a transnational co-operation structure between two (or more) contiguous territories located in different European countries. Euroregions represent a specific type of cross-border region.
Erik Rhodes (pornographic actor)
James Elliott Naughtin (February 8, 1982 – June 14, 2012), known professionally as Erik Rhodes, was an American gay pornographic film actor and director. After making his adult film debut as a performer in 2004, Rhodes became an exclusive model with Falcon Studios, and began directing adult films for Raging Stallion Studios when the studio was acquired by Falcon in 2011. Beyond his work in pornography, Rhodes was active in New York City nightlife and celebrity circles, and was once linked to fashion designer Marc Jacobs. In 2012, Rhodes died from cardiac arrest at the age of 30.

Marc Jacobs
Marc Jacobs (born April 9, 1963) is an American fashion designer. He is the head designer for his own fashion label, Marc Jacobs, and formerly Marc by Marc Jacobs, a diffusion line, which was produced for approximately 15 years, before it was discontinued after the 2015 fall/winter collection. At its peak, it had over 200 retail stores in 80 countries. He was the creative director of the French design house Louis Vuitton from 1997 to 2014. Jacobs was on Time magazine's "2010 Time 100" list of the 100 most influential people in the world, and was #14 on Out magazine's 2012 list of "50 Most Powerful Gay Men and Women in America". He married his longtime partner Charly Defrancesco on April 6, 2019.
Hanover, South Africa
Hanover is a small town in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Named after Hanover in Germany, the town was established in 1854.

Much of the farming in the area is with Merino sheep. Hanover has a local Spar and a Supermarket and small tuck shops. Hanover also has a Primary school (Grade R - 7) and a High School named Phakamisani High School (8 - 12). The Hanover citizens struggle to find jobs and go to De Aar, Richmond and Colesberg for grocery shopping. Hanover is split in two, namely Kleuring gebied and Kwezi.

De Aar
De Aar is a town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It has a population of around 42,000 inhabitants.

It is the second-most important railway junction in the country, situated on the line between Cape Town and Kimberley. The junction was of particular strategic importance to the British during the Second Boer War. De Aar is also a primary commercial distribution centre for a large area of the central Great Karoo. Major production activities of the area include wool production and livestock farming. The area is also popular for hunting, although the region is rather arid. De Aar is also affectionately known as "Die SES" deriving its nickname from the six farms that have surrounded De Aar since the 1900s.
Tour Championship (snooker)
The Tour Championship is a professional snooker tournament first held in 2019. The event features the 12 (previously eight) highest ranked players on the one-year ranking list, which reflects prize money won at ranking events since the beginning of the season.

The Tour Championship is the third and final tournament in the Players Series, following the World Grand Prix and the Players Championship. The event features a prize fund of £380,000, with the winner receiving £150,000. The tournament is broadcast by ITV Sport in the United Kingdom and Eurosport across the rest of Europe. The reigning champion is John Higgins, who won the 2025 Tour Championship with a 10–8 win over Mark Selby in the final.

Players Championship (snooker)
The Players Championship is a professional ranking snooker tournament. Held as the Players Tour Championship Finals from 2011 to 2016, it was rebranded as the standalone Players Championship in 2017. One of three events in the Players Series, it features the top 16 players on the one-year ranking list. Zhao Xintong is the reigning champion, having won the 2026 event.