hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muir Glacier
Muir Glacier is a glacier in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is currently about 0.7 km (0.43 mi) wide at the terminus.  As recently as the mid-1980s the glacier was a tidewater glacier and calved icebergs from a wall of ice 90 m (200 feet) tall.

The glacier is named after Scottish-born naturalist John Muir, who traveled around the area and wrote about it, generating interest in the local environment and in its preservation. His first two visits were in 1879 (at age 41) and 1880. During the visits, he sent an account of his visits in installments to the San Francisco Bulletin. Later, he collected and edited these installments in a book, Travels in Alaska, published in 1915, the year after he died.

Tidewater glacier cycle
The tidewater glacier cycle is the typically centuries-long behavior of tidewater glaciers that consists of recurring periods of advance alternating with rapid retreat and punctuated by periods of stability. During portions of its cycle, a tidewater glacier is relatively insensitive to climate change.
Williamstown (CDP), Massachusetts
Williamstown is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Williamstown in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population of the CDP was 4,325 at the 2010 census, out of 7,754 in the entire town.

Berkshire County, Massachusetts
Berkshire County (pronounced /ˈbɜːrkʃər/) is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,026. Its largest city and traditional county seat is Pittsfield. The county was founded in 1761. The Berkshire Hills are centered on Berkshire County. Residents are known as Berkshirites. It exists today only as a historical geographic region, and has no county government, with the exception of the retirement board for former county workers, and the offices of the sheriff and the registrar of deeds.
Mackay Building
Mackay Building, also known as Mackay Hall, is a historic building located on the campus of Park University at Parkville, Platte County, Missouri.  It was built in 1886, and is a three-story, rock-faced limestone structure with Richardsonian Romanesque, High Victorian Gothic, and Chateauesque style design elements.  It measures approximately 137 feet by 84 feet.  It features a clock tower with tall spire rising in stages from a semi-detached central block, textured wall surfaces, complex roofs and towers, wall dormers, asymmetrical bays, and polychromatic color scheme.: 2

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Parkville, Missouri
Parkville is a city in Platte County, Missouri, United States, that is part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area.  The population was 7,177 at the 2020 census.  Parkville is known for its antique shops, art galleries, and historic downtown.  The city is home to Park University, English Landing Park, Platte Landing Park, and the National Golf Club of Kansas City. Large neighborhoods in Parkville include: Riss Lake, The National, Thousand Oaks, Creekside, Parkville Heights, River Hills, Riverchase, The Bluffs, Downtown, and Pinecrest.
Firozkoh
Firozkoh (Persian: فیروزکوه, Fīrōzkōh), or Turquoise Mountain, was the summer capital of the Ghurid dynasty, in the Ghor Province of central Afghanistan. It was reputedly one of the greatest cities of its age, but was destroyed in 1223 after a siege by Tolui, son of Genghis Khan. The location of the city was lost to history. It has been proposed that the Minaret of Jam, in Shahrak District, Ghor Province, is the only standing remains of the city.

Ghor Province
Ghōr (Pashto, Dari: غور) also known as Ghowr or Ghur, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is located in the western Hindu Kush in central Afghanistan, towards the northwest. The province contains eleven districts, encompassing hundreds of villages, and approximately 764,472 settled people. Firuzkoh (known as “Chaghcharan” until 2014) is the capital of the province.
Sir Richard Eyre Cox, 4th Baronet
Sir Richard Eyre Cox, 4th Baronet was an Irish baronet.

He was the son of The Ven. Sir Michael Cox, 3rd Baronet, Archdeacon of Cashel from 1767 to 1772,  and his wife Elizabeth Massy, daughter of Hugh Massy, 1st Baron Massy and his first wife Mary Dawson, and widow of John Arthur. He married Mary O'Brien, daughter of Edward Dominic O'Brien and his wife Mary Carrick, and great-granddaughter of William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin. They had one daughter. He drowned accidentally on 17 September 1783. His widow remarried William Saurin, who was for many years the Attorney General for Ireland, by whom she had at least four children. She died in 1840.

William Saurin
William Saurin (1757 – 11 February 1839) was an Irish barrister, Crown official and politician. He was Attorney-General for Ireland from 1807 to 1822, and for much of that period, he acted as the effective head of the Irish Government. He was unusual among Irish Law Officers in that he was never appointed a judge, nor wished to become one. As an Ulster Protestant, and a determined opponent of Catholic Emancipation, he incurred the bitter enmity of Daniel O'Connell, who called him "the mortal foe", and worked for years to have him removed from office.
Eleazar
Eleazar (/ɛliˈeɪzər/; Hebrew: אֶלְעָזָר, Modern: ʾElʿazar, Tiberian: ʾElʿāzār, "El has helped") or Elazar was a priest in the Hebrew Bible, the second High Priest, succeeding his father Aaron after he died. He was a nephew of Moses.

Altar (Bible)
Altars (Biblical Hebrew: מִזְבֵּחַ, romanized: mizbēaḥ, lit. 'place of slaughter/sacrifice') in the Hebrew Bible were typically made of earth (Exodus 20:24) or unwrought stone (Exodus 20:25). Altars were generally erected in conspicuous places (Genesis 22:9; Ezekiel 6:3; 2 Kings 23:12; 2 Kings 16:4; 2 Kings 23:8).

The first time the word mizbēaḥ appears in the Hebrew Bible is in Noah 's erection of one in Genesis 8:20. Other altars were erected by Abraham in Lech-Lecha and Vayeira (Genesis 12:7; Genesis 13:4; Genesis 13:18; Genesis 22:9); by Isaac in Toledot (Genesis 26:25), by Jacob in Vayishlach (Genesis 33:20; Genesis 35:1-3), by Moses in Exodus 17:15; and by Saul in 1 Samuel 14:35.

After the theophany on Mount Sinai, in the Tabernacle, and afterwards in the Temple in Jerusalem, only two altars are mentioned: the Altar of Burnt Offering and the Altar of Incense.
Orangeville District Secondary School
Orangeville District Secondary School is located at 22 Faulkner Street in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada, and is the oldest secondary school in the town.  It was built in its current state after the old high school (originally built in 1884) burned down in 1948.  Currently, grades 9 through 12 are housed at O.D.S.S. There are 1,500 students that attend this school. The principal is Patrick Hamilton.

Famous graduates include AEW stars Adam Copeland and Jason Reso, better known as Edge and Christian, Alex and Chris van den Hoef of DVBBS, NBA player Ignas Brazdeikis and Degrassi: The Next Generation actor Ryan Cooley. ODSS also provides the academic instruction for the Athlete Institute, an elite basketball prep school, which has recently featured 2016 NBA draft first-round picks Jamal Murray and Thon Maker, with Maker coming directly out of high school.  Film director Richard Boddington graduated from ODSS in 1986.

Athlete Institute
The Athlete Institute is an athletic centre located in Mono, Ontario. It is made up of three facilities, the training centre, residence and the fieldhouse. The Institute is home to The Orangeville Prep Basketball Academy,  who compete in the Ontario Scholastic Basketball Association (OSBA). Orangeville District Secondary School provides academic instruction for the institute's students. As well as home to By Design Learning Centre, CrossFit Orangeville, Purple Owl Pilates and Athlete Institute Football Club. (AIFC) It was formerly home to the Orangeville A's of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBLC).
Zauderer v. Office of Disciplinary Counsel of Supreme Court of Ohio
Zauderer v. Office of Disciplinary Counsel of Supreme Court of Ohio, 471 U.S. 626 (1985), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that states can require an advertiser to disclose certain information without violating the advertiser's First Amendment free speech protections as long as the disclosure requirements are reasonably related to the State's interest in preventing deception of consumers. The decision effected identified that some commercial speech may have weaker First Amendment free speech protections than non-commercial speech and that states can compel such commercial speech to protect their interests; future cases have relied on the "Zauderer standard" to determine the constitutionality of state laws that compel commercial speech as long as the information to be disclosed is "purely factual and uncontroversial".

Commercial speech
In law, commercial speech is speech or writing  on behalf of a business with the intent of earning revenue or a profit. It is economic in nature and usually attempts to persuade consumers to purchase the business's product or service. The Supreme Court of the United States defines commercial speech as speech that "proposes a commercial transaction".
Lake Mary Chamber of Commerce Building
The Lake Mary Chamber of Commerce Building (also known as the Frank Evans Center) is a historic site in Lake Mary, Florida, United States. It is located at 158 North Country Club Road. On February 11, 2004, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. The building was built in 1926 by Frank Evans as a community center and offices for the Lake Mary of Chamber of Commerce. The building was later used as the City Hall when the city was incorporated in 1973 until 1990 when the current City Hall was completed.

The building currently functions as the Lake Mary Historical Museum.  The museum began in 1994 in a small room at the back of the building while the rest of the building was used as a gathering place for the city's seniors The museum now occupies the entire building and includes changing exhibits about local history, art, culture and trains.

Lake Mary, Florida
Lake Mary is a suburban city that is located in the Greater Orlando metropolitan area in Seminole County, Florida, United States, and is located in Central Florida. The population was 16,798 at the 2020 census. It is the home of the 2024 Little League World Series Champions.
Roque Sáenz Peña
Roque José Antonio del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Sáenz-Peña Lahitte (19 March 1851 – 9 August 1914) was an Argentine politician and lawyer who served as President of Argentina from 12 October 1910 to his death in office on 9 August 1914. He was the son of former president Luis Sáenz-Peña. He was a candidate for an internal, modernist line within the National Autonomist Party.

He was responsible for passing Law 8871, known as "Sáenz-Peña Law", which greatly reformed the Argentine electoral system, making the vote secret, universal and compulsory for males over 18. This effectively ended the rule by electoral fraud of the conservative Argentine oligarchy, the Generation of '80, and paved the way for the rise of the Radical Civic Union in the first free elections of the country.

National Autonomist Party
The National Autonomist Party (Spanish: Partido Autonomista Nacional; PAN) was the ruling political party of Argentina from 1874 to 1916.

In 1880, Julio Argentino Roca assumed the presidency under the motto "peace and administration".
Schumacher Center for a New Economics
The Schumacher Center for a New Economics (formerly the E. F. Schumacher Society) is a tax exempt nonprofit organization based in Great Barrington, Massachusetts.

The Schumacher Center promotes the 'new economy', which includes the concepts buy local, local currency and self-sufficiency. The Schumacher Center aims to combine theoretical research with practical application at the local, regional, national, and international levels.  Further, the use of transformative systems and clear communication are part of its principles.

Robert Swann (land trust pioneer)
Robert Swann (March 26, 1918 – January 13, 2003) was a community land trust pioneer, Georgist, and peace activist in the United States.  He was born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio and died in Great Barrington, Massachusetts.  According to his obituary, "Swann dedicated more than a half century of his life to non-violence, desegregation, appropriate technology, affordable housing, land trusts, community credit, worker cooperatives and local currency".

Swann was a conscientious objector during World War II and was imprisoned. In 1967, Swann signed a public statement declaring his intention to refuse to pay income taxes in protest against the U.S. war against Vietnam.
Manokin River
Manokin River is a river in Somerset County, Maryland, that flows into Tangier Sound, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay.  The Manokin (locally /məˈnoʊkɪn/) rises east of Princess Anne, Maryland, flows through the town, then widens into a tidal estuary.  Tributaries along the river's 17-mile (27 km) length are Kings Creek, Back Creek, St. Peters Creek, Broad Creek, and Fishing Creek.  During the colonial period, the Manokin was navigable as far as Princess Anne.

The Manokin Historic District is located on both sides of the river near its mouth.

Much of the Deal Island Wildlife Management Area is on the north side of the river; a small section of the Fairmount Wildlife Management Area is on the south.

Major General Arnold Elzey (1816-1871) was born on the "Elmwood" plantation along the Manokin River.

Princess Anne, Maryland
Princess Anne is a town in Somerset County, Maryland, United States, that also serves as its county seat. As of the 2020 census, Princess Anne had a population of 3,446. It is included in the Salisbury, Maryland–Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to the University of Maryland Eastern Shore and the Teackle Mansion.
Immortalized (3X Krazy album)
Immortalized is the second album by 3X Krazy. It was released on June 22, 1999, for Big Block Records and Champeli Entertainment and featured production from Tone Capone, Big Deion, DJ Daryll, One Drop Scott and Numskull.

3X Krazy
3X Krazy (pronounced 3-Times Crazy) was an American hip hop group formed in Oakland, California in 1994. The group consisted of members Keak da Sneak, B.A. and Agerman. They were signed to Noo Trybe Records.
Entrance to a Dutch Port
Entrance to a Dutch Port is an oil on canvas painting by Dutch artist Willem van de Velde the Younger, created c. 1665. The painting depicts a bustling harbor in the Netherlands. The work is indicative of the historical mercantile power of the Netherlands during the 17th century. Entrance to a Dutch Port is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York.

Willem van de Velde the Younger
Willem van de Velde the Younger (18 December 1633 (baptised) – 6 April 1707) was a Dutch painter who specialised in marine art. He was the son of Willem van de Velde the Elder, who also specialised in marine art. His brother, Adriaen van de Velde, was a landscape painter.
Komarne
Komarne [kɔˈmarnɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Parczew, within Parczew County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Parczew and 44 km (27 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

Gmina Parczew
Gmina Parczew is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Parczew County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Parczew, which lies approximately 48 kilometres (30 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 146.23 square kilometres (56.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 14,852 (out of which the population of Parczew amounts to 10,281, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,571).
W. H. Bramble Airport
W. H. Bramble Airport, formerly known as Blackburne Airport, was an international airport on the east coast of the island of Montserrat, a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It was named after Chief Minister of Montserrat William Henry Bramble and destroyed by volcanic activity in 1997.

William Henry Bramble
William Henry Bramble (8 October 1901 – 17 October 1988), also known as Willy B, was a union leader and a political-party leader from Montserrat; from his Montserrat Labour Party, he was the first Chief Minister of the territory, serving from January 1960 to December 1970.

Owing to his social compromise for the poor and political action, Bramble is generally regarded as a "national hero", and the former national airport of Montserrat had been named after him until it was destroyed by the 1997 eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano.
Obtained Enslavement
Obtained Enslavement was a black metal band from Stord Municipality, Norway. They formed in 1989 and decided to split up in 2000 because Pest moved to the United States, and they did not succeed in finding a new singer. The most notable members, Pest and Torgrim Øyre, have also been members of the black metal band Gorgoroth.

The band's second studio album, Witchcraft, was given a ten out of ten rating by Chronicles of Chaos.

Stord Municipality
Stord is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland. Stord  Municipality is sometimes called "Norway in miniature" since it has such a variety of landscapes: coastline, fjords, forests, agricultural land, and mountain areas. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Leirvik, which is also the largest town in the municipality and the whole region of Sunnhordland. Leirvik was declared a town in 1997. Other population centres in the municipality include the large village of Sagvåg and the smaller villages of Litlabø and Grov.

The 143.72-square-kilometre (55.49 sq mi) municipality is the 317th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Stord Municipality is the 70th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 19,350. The municipality's population density is 134.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (349/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.7% over the previous 10-year period.
Arekti Premer Golpo
Arekti Premer Golpo (Bengali: আরেকটি প্রেমের গল্প; English: Just Another Love Story) is a 2010 Indian drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Kaushik Ganguly, written by Kaushik Ganguly. It stars Rituparno Ghosh and Indraneil Sengupta, with Ghosh playing a transgender filmmaker. It is the first film on queerness to be shot after the Delhi High Court struck down portions of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code in July 2009 as unconstitutional with respect to gay sex (in a decision overturned by the Supreme Court of India in 2013). The film premiered at the 60th Berlin Film Festival in 2010.

Churni Ganguly
Churni Ganguly (née Banerjee) is an Indian actress and writer-director who mainly works in Bengali movies and television productions. She won the prestigious Onida Pinnacle Award for Best Actress [National Level] in 1995. 
Churni received the Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards in 2005 in the best actress category for the movie Waarish, in which she played a single-mother's role. As a writer-director, she won two National Film Awards for Nirbashito and Tarikh. 
At the 7th Filmfare Awards Bangla, she won the Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Actress for her performance in the drama film Ardhangini.

After spending her childhood in Kurseong, Churni came to Kolkata and got admitted at the Jadavpur University. While studying English at Jadavpur University, she joined a theatre group as an actress. Then she moved to Mumbai and acted in a few television serials for Balaji Motion Pictures. Later, she returned to Kolkata and started working in Bengali films.
Kota Bharu
Kota Bharu (Kelantanese: Koto Baghu), colloquially referred to as KB, is a town in Malaysia that serves as the state capital and royal seat of Kelantan. It is situated in the northeastern part of Peninsular Malaysia and lies near the mouth of the Kelantan River.

The town is home to many religious buildings, various museums, the unique architecture of the old royal palaces (still occupied by the sultan and sultanah and off-limits to visitors but viewable from outside) and former royal buildings (which can be visited). It is served by Keretapi Tanah Melayu's East Coast Line at the nearby Wakaf Bharu Terminal Station, in the town of Wakaf Bharu across the Kelantan River and Sultan Ismail Petra Airport, located in Pengkalan Chepa.

Sultan of Kelantan
The Sultan of Kelantan (Malay: Sultan Kelantan, Jawi: سلطان كلنتن) is the constitutional head of Kelantan state in Malaysia. The executive power of the state is vested in him as the monarch of the state. The current sultan, Muhammad V, is the 29th Sultan of Kelantan. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities of its people. He was the 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the monarch and head of state of Malaysia from 13 December 2016 to his abdication on 6 January 2019, after his election on 14 October 2016 at the 243rd (special) Conference of Rulers.
United States Army Provost Marshal General
The provost (pronounced "provo") marshal general is a United States Army staff position that handles investigations of U.S. Army personnel.  It is the highest-ranking provost marshal position in the U.S. Army, reporting to the Chief of Staff of the United States Army.  The position brings all aspects of law enforcement in the U.S. Army in a single office.

The role has been used off and on since 1776 (usually in periods of war time).  After being discontinued in 1974 at the end of the Vietnam War, it was resurrected on January 30, 2003, following the September 11 attacks.

It is responsible for:

United States Army Military Police Corps (USAMPC) (since 2003)

United States Army Corrections Command (ACC) (since 2007)

Prior to its most recent organization, the responsibilities of this position were scattered across various army units.

United States Army Corrections Command
The United States Army Corrections Command (ACC) exercises command and control and operational oversight for policy, programming, resourcing, and support of Army Corrections System (ACS) facilities and TDA elements worldwide.

On order, ACC coordinates the execution of condemned military prisoners.
Ijang
Ijangs are the terraced hillfort settlements of the Ivatan people built on hill tops and ridges in the Batanes Islands of the Philippines. These high rocky formations can serve as fortresses or refuge against the enemies of the Ivatan people.

Ivatan people
The Ivatan people are an Austronesian ethnolinguistic group native to the Batanes and Babuyan Islands of the northernmost Philippines. They are genetically closely related to other ethnic groups in Northern Luzon, but also share close linguistic and cultural affinities with the Tao people of Orchid Island in Taiwan.

The culture of the Ivatans is partly influenced by the environmental conditions of Batanes. Unlike the old-type nipa huts common in the Philippines, Ivatans have adopted their distinctive stone houses made of coral and limestone, designed to protect against the hostile climate.
Spice Boys (footballers)
The Spice Boys was a media pejorative used to describe a group of high-profile Liverpool F.C. footballers in the mid-late 1990s, typically Jamie Redknapp, David James, Neil Ruddock, Steve McManaman, Robbie Fowler and Jason McAteer, but occasionally teammates such as Stan Collymore and Paul Ince. The name was a play on the Spice Girls.

Jason McAteer
Jason Wynne McAteer (born 18 June 1971) is a former professional footballer. His primary position was in midfield either in the centre or on the right flank, though he was also an able full-back. Born in England, he represented the Republic of Ireland national team at international level, winning 52 international caps and playing at two World Cups in 1994 and 2002.

During his professional career from 1992 to 2007, McAteer played for five clubs: Bolton Wanderers, Liverpool, Blackburn Rovers, Sunderland and finally Tranmere Rovers. His transfer fees added up to £9.5 million.