hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 498
NGC 498 is a lenticular galaxy located about 260 million light-years away from Earth, in the constellation Pisces. NGC 498 was discovered by astronomer R. J. Mitchell  on October 23, 1856.

NGC 498 is a member of the NGC 507 Group which is part of the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Kuopion Palloseura
Kuopion Palloseura, commonly referred to as KuPS, is a Finnish professional football club based in Kuopio. KuPS competes in Veikkausliiga, the top flight of Finnish football. The team plays its home matches at Kuopio Football Stadium.

KuPS has won eight Finnish championship titles, the Finnish Cup five times and the Finnish League Cup once. The club is placed fourth in the all-time Finnish Premier League honour table.

Veikkausliiga
Veikkausliiga (Finnish: [ˈʋei̯kːɑusˌliːɡɑ]) is a professional association football league in Finland and the highest level of the Finnish football league system. The league comprises the top 12 clubs of the country. Its main sponsor is the Finnish national betting agency Veikkaus, hence the league's name. Veikkausliiga was founded in 1990; before that the top division was called Mestaruussarja (championship series) since 1930 which was an amateur or semi-professional league. Between 1908 and 1930 the championship was decided as a knock-out cup competition.
Stadium Beyond the Stars
Stadium Beyond the Stars is a juvenile science fiction novel by Milton Lesser published in 1960 by Holt, Rinehart & Winston with cover illustration by Mel Hunter. The story follows the adventures of Steve Frazer, a champion spacesuit racer on Earth's Olympic team, as the ship taking him and the rest of the team to the center of the galaxy for the Interstellar Olympic Games intercepts a mysterious derelict spaceship. Stadium Beyond the Stars is a part of the Winston Science Fiction set, a series of juvenile novels which have become famous for their influence on young science fiction readers and their exceptional cover illustrations by award winning artists.

Winston Science Fiction
Winston Science Fiction was a series of 37 American juvenile science fiction books published by the John C. Winston Company of Philadelphia from 1952 to 1960 and by its successor Holt, Rinehart & Winston in 1960 and 1961. It included 35 novels by various writers, including many who became famous in the SF field, such as Poul Anderson, Arthur C. Clarke, Ben Bova, and Lester del Rey. There was also one anthology, The Year After Tomorrow, edited by del Rey and others. There was one non-fiction book Rockets Through Space: The Story of Man's Preparations to Explore the Universe by del Rey which details the factual science and technology of rocket flight. Many of the dust jackets became science fiction classics; the artists included Hugo Award winners Ed Emshwiller and Virgil Finlay along with Hugo nominees such as Mel Hunter and Alex Schomburg.
Graham baronets of Esk (1629)
The Graham baronetcy, of Esk (Eske) in the County of Cumberland, was created in the Baronetage of England on 29 March 1629 for Richard Graham (c.1583–1654). He represented Carlisle in Parliament, was a Gentleman of the Horse to King Charles I and fought at the Battle of Edgehill in 1642.

The 3rd Baronet served as Ambassador to France and as Secretary of State to King James II. In 1681 he was created Lord Graham of Esk and Viscount Preston in the Peerage of Scotland. After the Glorious Revolution he was created Baron of Esk in the peerage of England by the exiled King James II and was condemned for high treason but was later pardoned. The peerages became extinct on the death of the third Viscount in 1739. The late Viscount was succeeded in the baronetcy by his kinsman William Graham, the 6th Baronet.

Sir Richard Graham, 1st Baronet
Sir Richard Graham, 1st Baronet of Esk (c. 1583 - 28 January 1654) was an English courtier and politician elected to the House of Commons (1626 to 1629). He fought in the English Civil War for the royalist army.
Murphy Prototypes
Murphy Prototypes was an Irish auto racing team founded by former single-seater racer Greg Murphy. Based in Dublin, the team was active in endurance racing from 2012 and competed in the European Le Mans Series (ELMS), the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and more recently, the Michelin Le Mans Cup in the LMP2 and LMP3 classes.

As of 2023, the team has ceased operations and is no longer competing in any major racing series.

Le Mans Cup
The Le Mans Cup, previously the GT3 Le Mans Cup and currently known as the Michelin Le Mans Cup under sponsorship, is an international sports car racing endurance series inspired by the 24 Hours of Le Mans race and organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO).
White Eagle Hall
White Eagle Hall is a music, theatre, and dining venue in a restored historic building in the Village neighborhood of Downtown Jersey City, New Jersey, located on Newark Avenue. Originally built in 1910 as a community center, it was used for events such as bingo games, dance recitals, and concerts, and later as a basketball practice hall. It has been restored as a performing arts, gallery space, and restaurant complex. The venue is operated by Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HBSE).

Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment
Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment LLC (HBSE) is an American sports and venue management company founded by Josh Harris and David Blitzer in September 2017. HBSE owns and operates the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL), along with their minor league affiliates, as well as a future Philadelphia WNBA team. HBSE also operates venues, such as the Prudential Center and Northwest Stadium, and holds a minority stake in the NASCAR team Joe Gibbs Racing. The company is headquartered in Camden, New Jersey, and had $14.58 billion in assets as of 2025.
Vyacheslav Grulyov
Vyacheslav Dmitriyevich Grulyov (Russian: Вячеслав Дмитриевич Грулёв; born 23 March 1999) is a Russian football player who plays as a forward for Pari Nizhny Novgorod. His primary position is a striker and he is also deployed as a left winger.

FC Pari Nizhny Novgorod
FC Pari Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: ФК «Пари Нижний Новгород»), also known as FC Pari NN or simply Nizhny Novgorod is a Russian professional football club from Nizhny Novgorod, founded in 2015. It made its debut in the Russian Premier League in the 2021–22 season.
Karina Akopova
Karina Tigranovna Akopova (Russian: Карина Тиграновна Акопова, Armenian: Կարինա Տիգրանի Ակոպովա; born 16 June 2003) is a Russian-Armenian pair skater who currently competes for Armenia. With her current skating partner, Nikita Rakhmanin, she is the 2026 Armenian national champion and represented Armenia at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Competing with Rakhmanin for Russia, she is the 2021 Budapest Trophy champion, 2021 Denis Ten Memorial Challenge champion, and 2022 Challenge Cup champion.

With her former partner, Maksim Shagalov, Akopova is the 2019 Volvo Open Cup silver medalist and 2020 Bavarian Open bronze medalist.

Bavarian Open
The Bavarian Open is an international figure skating competition held in February at the Eissportzentrum Oberstdorf in Oberstdorf, Germany. It is organized by the Skating Union of Bavaria. Since 2011, it has been sanctioned by the Deutsche Eislauf Union and the International Skating Union. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels.
WCWG
WCWG (channel 20) is a television station licensed to Lexington, North Carolina, United States, serving the Piedmont Triad region as an affiliate of The CW. It is owned by Hearst Television alongside Winston-Salem–licensed NBC affiliate WXII-TV (channel 12). WCWG and WXII-TV share studios on Coliseum Drive in Winston-Salem; through a channel sharing agreement, the stations transmit using WXII-TV's spectrum from an antenna on Sauratown Mountain in Stokes County.

Hearst Television
Hearst Television, Inc. (formerly Hearst-Argyle Television) is a broadcasting company in the United States owned by Hearst Communications, made up of a group of television and radio stations, and the Hearst Media Production Group, a distributor of programming in broadcast syndication.
Noah Hickey
Noah Hickey (born 9 June 1978) is a New Zealand former footballer who last played for Gisborne City in the Central Premier League and last played professionally for the New Zealand Knights in the Hyundai A-League. He played as either a striker or a right-winger and was an established member of the New Zealand national team, the 'All Whites'.

New Zealand men's national football team
The New Zealand men's national football team (Māori: Tīma hoka a-motu o Aotearoa) represents New Zealand in men's international football competitions. The team is governed by the governing body for football in New Zealand, New Zealand Football (NZF), which is currently a member of FIFA and the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). The team's official nickname is the All Whites (Māori: Ōmā [ɔːmaː]).

The team represented New Zealand at the FIFA World Cup tournaments in 1982 and 2010, and are set to appear in the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It also participated in the FIFA Confederations Cup in 1999, 2003, 2009, and 2017. New Zealand is a six-time OFC Nations Cup champion. New Zealand was the only unbeaten country in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, drawing all three group stage games; nevertheless, they were eliminated in the group stage.
Timeline of July uprising
The July uprising was a pro-democracy mass uprising against the Sheikh Hasina government in Bangladesh. The movement began as a quota reform protest shortly after the High Court Division of the Supreme Court invalidated a 2018 government circular on 5 June 2024, effectively restoring quotas. However, government law enforcement agencies and some members of the ruling party conducted widespread suppression, resulting in numerous protester deaths, an event referred to as the July massacre. The movement evolved into a full-scale uprising, ultimately leading to Resignation of Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024.

High Court Division, Supreme Court of Bangladesh
The High Court Division, Supreme Court of Bangladesh (Bengali: হাইকোর্ট বিভাগ), popularly known as High Court, is one of the two divisions of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the other division being the Appellate Division.  It consists of the Chief Justice of Bangladesh and other judges of the High Court Division.

The High Court Division exercises both original and appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters. Its primary jurisdiction, however, is writ jurisdiction, pursuant to which it is empowered under article 102 of the Constitution of Bangladesh to issue writs of certiorari, mandamus, quo warranto, prohibition and habeas corpus.
Digital pathology
Digital pathology is a sub-field of pathology that focuses on managing and analyzing information generated from digitized specimen slides. It utilizes computer-based technology and virtual microscopy to view, manage, share, and analyze digital slides on computer monitors. This field has applications in diagnostic medicine and aims to achieve more efficient and cost-effective diagnoses, prognoses, and disease predictions through advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence in healthcare.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
LIBstick
LIBstick (library + sticking) is a label printing tool which is intended for libraries to create, edit and print book labels, such as spine labels, in an easy, quick and straightforward way. The tool is based on SaaS and is accessible via web browsers with no need for software installation. It is made to extract data from an integrated library system (ILS), such as Ex Libris's Alma, for the automatic creation of labels. It was developed and is maintained in the Technion libraries, in Haifa, Israel.

Ex Libris Group
Ex Libris Group is an Israeli software company that develops integrated library systems and other library software. Their headquarters is in the Malha Technology Park in southwestern Jerusalem. It has ten other offices around the world. In October 2015, Ex Libris was acquired by ProQuest which in turn was acquired by Clarivate in December 2021.
CSS Colonel Lovell
CSS Colonel Lovell was a cottonclad ram operated by the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Built at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1843 as the towboat Hercules, the vessel was purchased by the Confederates in early 1862 and became part of the River Defense Fleet, which was operated by the Confederate States Army. Sent up the Mississippi River, Colonel Lovell was part of the Confederate fleet at the Battle of Plum Point Bend on May 10, 1862, but did not reach the site of the battle until it was almost over. On June 6, Colonel Lovell participated in the First Battle of Memphis. Early in the battle, Colonel Lovell was rammed by the United States Ram Fleet vessel USS Queen of the West with such force that the Confederate vessel nearly broke in two; she sank quickly with the loss of most of her crew.

Naval ram
A naval ram is a weapon fitted to varied types of ships, dating back to antiquity. The weapon comprised an underwater prolongation of the bow of the ship to form an armoured beak, usually between 2 and 4 meters (6.6 and 13.1 ft) in length. This would be driven into the hull of an enemy ship to puncture, sink or disable it.
Pacific Legal Foundation
The Pacific Legal Foundation (PLF) is an American conservative nonprofit public interest law firm established for the purpose of defending and promoting individual freedom. PLF attorneys provide pro bono legal representation, file amicus curiae briefs, advocate for legislation, create model policy, and commission original research with the stated goal of supporting property rights, equality and opportunity, and the separation of powers. The organization is the first and oldest libertarian public interest law firm, having been founded in 1973.

Pacific Legal Foundation is primarily funded by donations from individuals, foundations, associations, and small businesses. Except for court-awarded attorney fees for case victories, the organization receives no government funding. The foundation is generally described as supporting libertarian causes.

As of April 2025, PLF has won 18 cases before the United States Supreme Court, with the most recent being Sheetz v. County of El Dorado.

Right to property
The right to property, or the right to own property (cf. ownership), is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their private property. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is credited as a significant precedent for the legal protection of individual property rights.

A right to property is specified in Article 17 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is not recognised in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or in the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The 1950 European Convention on Human Rights acknowledges a right for a natural or legal person to "peaceful enjoyment of his possessions", subject to the "general interest or to secure the payment of taxes."
Let It Ride (card game)
Let It Ride is a casino table game based on poker, where the player wagers on a five-card poker hand formed by their own three cards and two community cards. It is a product of Bally Technologies, under its Shuffle Master brand.

Casino game
A casino game is one in which players gamble cash or chips on various possible random outcomes or combinations of outcomes, often in a casino environment. Such games are also available in online casinos, where permitted by law. Casino games can also be played outside of casinos for entertainment purposes, like in parties or in school competitions, on machines that simulate gambling.
Abhinay Banker
Abhinay Banker (Gujarati: અભિનય બેન્કર, Hindi: अभिनय बेंकर, born on 14 September) is an actor, director, and writer who works in Gujarati cinema and theatre. After several theatre performances in his early career, he received recognition for his performance in Gujarati play Welcome Zindagi (2010), written and directed by Saumya Joshi, which has been performed over 650 times worldwide. He acted in Gujarati film Kevi Rite Jaish (2012).

Saumya Joshi
Saumya Joshi (born 3 July 1973) is an Indian poet, writer, playwright, director and actor associated with Gujarati language literature, theatre and films. He is known in Gujarati theatre for his plays Welcome Zindagi and 102 Not Out. Greenroomma (2008; In the Greenroom) is his collection of poems. He has been awarded by Chandravadan Chimanlal Mehta Award for his contribution to Gujarati theatre in 2013. He is also  recipient of the Yuva Gaurav Puraskar (2007) and Takhtasinh Parmar Prize (2008–09).
Dental spa
A dental spa is a dental facility supervised by a licensed oral health care provider in which dental services are provided alongside spa treatments.

"Spa dentistry" refers to dental practices that offer many services not normally associated with dental care: facials, paraffin wax hand treatment, reflexology, micro-dermabrasion, massage therapy, Botox and Restylane treatment, and many other treatments. The administration of Botox and Restylane is based on each respective state's dental board approval.

Massage
Massage is the rubbing or kneading of the body's soft tissues. Massage techniques are commonly applied with hands, fingers, elbows, knees, forearms, feet, or a device. The purpose of massage is generally for the treatment of body stress or pain. In English-speaking European countries, traditionally a person professionally trained to give massages is known by the gendered French loanwords masseur (male) or masseuse (female). In the United States, these individuals are often referred to as "massage therapists." In some provinces of Canada, they are called "registered massage therapists."

In professional settings, clients are treated while lying on a massage table, sitting in a massage chair, or lying on a mat on the floor. There are many different modalities in the massage industry, including (but not limited to): deep tissue, manual lymphatic drainage, medical, sports, structural integration, Swedish, Thai and trigger point.
Jean-Louis Gauthier
Jean-Louis Gauthier (22 December 1955 – 11 July 2014) was a French professional road bicycle racer. He was professional from 1977 to 1987 and won 2 victories. He won a stage in the 1980 Tour de France and wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification for one day in the 1983 Tour de France.

1983 Tour de France
The 1983 Tour de France was the 70th edition of the Tour de France, run from 1 to 24 July, with 22 stages and a prologue covering a total distance of 3,809 km (2,367 mi) The race was won by French rider Laurent Fignon. Sean Kelly of Ireland won the points classification, and Lucien Van Impe of Belgium won the mountains classification.
Syarif Hamid II of Pontianak
Sultan Hamid II (born Syarif Abdul Hamid Alkadrie; 12 July 1913 – 30 March 1978) was the 7th Sultan of Pontianak and the only President of the State of West Kalimantan from 1946 to its disestablishment in 1950. He was the eldest son of Sultan Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie. He was of mixed Malay-Arab ancestry and was raised by two British nationals — Salome Catherine Fox and Edith Maud Curteis.

His wife Didie van Delden was a young Dutch woman who bore him two children – both reside in the Netherlands. During the Indonesian National Revolution, he was sympathetic to the returning Dutch and their attempts to implement a federal Republic of the United States of Indonesia, viewing the unitary Republic of Indonesia as an extension of Javanese domination. He was also a colonel in the Royal Dutch East Indies Army and designed the Indonesian national emblem—Garuda Pancasila.

United States of Indonesia
The United States of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Serikat, lit. 'Republic of the United States of Indonesia'; Dutch: Verenigde Staten van Indonesië; abbreviated as RIS or RUSI, also known as Federal Republic of Indonesia) was a short-lived federal state to which the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies (except Netherlands New Guinea) on 27 December 1949 following the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference. This transfer ended the four-year conflict between Indonesian nationalists and the Netherlands for control of Indonesia.  It lasted less than a year, before being replaced by the unitary Republic of Indonesia.
Michael Crain
Michael Jason Crain (born February 22, 1974) is an American guitarist, singer, producer, and songwriter best known as the guitarist of the bands Kill the Capulets, Retox, and Dead Cross. He has collaborated with Justin Pearson, Ryan Bergmann, Kevin Avery, Dave Lombardo, and Mike Patton among many others.

Justin Pearson (musician)
Justin Pearson (born August 20, 1975) is an American musician and record label owner, known for being the vocalist and bassist in a number of San Diego–based noise rock, punk and powerviolence bands, as well as running his record label Three One G Records. Starting off in the punk outfit Struggle in 1994, ensuing projects such as Swing Kids, The Locust, Dead Cross and Retox. He has collaborated with Kool Keith, Gabe Serbian, Karen O, Nick Zinner, Adam Gnade, Invisibl Skratch Piklz, Asia Argento, The Bloody Beetroots, Silent, among many others.

Pearson has been cited as an influence for his work in Swing Kids and The Locust on the genres of noise rock and powerviolence.
Ismael Nurmamade
Ismael Sousa Nurmamade (born 3 December 1991) is a Mozambican basketball player for Ferroviário da Beira and the Mozambique national basketball team. Standing at 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in), he plays as shooting guard.

Nurmamade has been a long-time member of Ferroviário da Beira, playing for the team since 2013. He was named the MVP of the Mozambican Basketball League in 2017. He made his debut in the Basketball Africa League (BAL) in the 2022 season.

Nurmamade has played with the Mozambique national team.

Mozambique men's national basketball team
The Mozambique national basketball team is the basketball team that represents Mozambique in international competitions. It is administered by the Federação Moçambicana de Basquetebol (FMB) (Mozambique Basketball Federation).

Mozambique has qualified for several major international competitions, including the FIBA Africa Championship and the All-Africa Games where they won the Silver Medal at the 2011 event. Altogether it has qualified for the FIBA Africa Championship a total of 14 times, with their best result being the 5th place in 1983.