hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Newar caste system
Newar caste system is the system by which Newārs, the historical inhabitants of Kathmandu Valley, are divided into groups on the basis of Vedic varna model as well as according to their hereditary occupations. First introduced at the time of the Licchavis (A.D. 300 – c. 879), the Newar caste system assumed its present shape during the medieval Malla period (A.D. 1201–1769). The Newar caste structure resembles more closely to North India and Madheshis than that of the Khas 'Parbatiyas' in that all four Varna (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra) and untouchables are represented. The social structure of Newars is unique as it is the last remaining example of a pre-Islamic North Indic civilisation in which Buddhist elements enjoy equal status with the Brahmanic elements.

Madheshi people
Madheshi people (Nepali: मधेशी) is a term used for several ethnic groups in Nepal living in the Terai region of Nepal. It has also been used as a political pejorative term by the Pahari people of Nepal to refer to Nepalis with a non-Nepali language as their mother tongue, regardless of their place of birth or residence.: 2 
The term Madheshi became a widely recognised name for Nepali citizens with an Indian cultural background only after 1990.

Madheshi people comprise various cultural groups such as Hindu caste groups, Muslims, Marwaris, Brahmin and Dalit people, ethnic groups like Maithils, Bhojpuri, Awadhi and Bajjika speaking people and indigenous people of the Terai.: 68  Many of these groups share cultural traditions, educational and family ties with people living south of the international border in the Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.: 131  Tharu people and Pahari people living in the Terai do not consider themselves as Madheshi.
Rameswar Teli
Rameswar Teli (born 14 August 1970) is an Indian politician and member of Bharatiya Janata Party. Currently, he is a Rajya Sabha MP representing Assam. He was a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha representing Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency) from 2014 to 2024 and the Minister of State of Petroleum and Natural Gas and Labour and Employment in the Second Modi ministry from 2021 to 2024. Previously, he served as the Minister of State for Ministry of Food Processing Industries from 2019 to 2020 and a member of the Assam Legislative Assembly from Duliajan from 2001 to 2011.

Ministry of Food Processing Industries
The Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI) is a federal ministry of the Government of India responsible for the formulation and administration of the rules, regulations, and laws related to food processing in India.

The ministry was established in 1988 with the objectives of developing a flourishing food processing industry, bolstering employment in the rural regions, and enabling farmers with modern technology.
318th Special Operations Squadron
The 318th Special Operations Squadron flies the Pilatus U-28A Draco and is currently stationed at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico. The 318th is under the command of the Air Force Special Operations Command. The U-28A provides a manned fixed wing, on-demand/surge capability for Improved Tactical Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Targeting (ISR&T) in Support of Special Operations Forces.

Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance
ISTAR stands for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance. In its macroscopic sense, ISTAR is a practice that links several battlefield functions together to assist a combat force in employing its sensors and managing the information they gather.

Information is collected on the battlefield through systematic observation by deployed soldiers and a variety of electronic sensors. Surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance are methods of obtaining this information.  The information is then passed to intelligence personnel for analysis, and then to the commander and their staff for the formulation of battle plans. Intelligence is processed information that is relevant and contributes to an understanding of the ground, and of enemy dispositions and intents. Intelligence failures can happen.
Herman Phleger
Herman Phleger (September 5, 1890 – November 21, 1984) was an American attorney and politician who served as Legal Adviser of the Department of State from February 2, 1953, to April 1, 1957, under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He succeeded Adrian S. Fisher and was succeeded by Loftus Becker. In 1959, he negotiated and signed the Antarctic Treaty on behalf of the United States. He is the namesake of the Phleger Estate.

Legal Adviser of the Department of State
The Legal Adviser of the Department of State is a position within the United States Department of State.  The legal adviser provides legal advice on all issues (domestic and international) arising in the course of the department's activities.  
The legal adviser heads the State Department's Office of the Legal Adviser. As such, the legal adviser has the rank of Assistant Secretary.
Emily Smith (singer)
Emily Smith (born 25 May 1981) is a Scottish folk singer from Dumfries and Galloway. She went to school at Wallace Hall and has a degree in Scottish music from The Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama.

Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
The Royal Conservatoire of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Acadamh-chiùil Rìoghail na h-Alba), formerly the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (Scottish Gaelic: Acadamaidh Rìoghail Ciùil is Dràma na h-Alba) is a conservatoire of dance, drama, music, production, and film in Glasgow, Scotland. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.

Founded in 1847, it has become the busiest performing arts venue in Scotland with over 500 public performances each year. 
The current principal is American pianist and composer Jeffrey Sharkey. The patron is King Charles III.
Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?
"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" is one of the best-known American songs of the Great Depression. Written by lyricist Yip Harburg and composer Jay Gorney, it was part of the 1932 musical revue Americana; the melody is based on a Russian-Jewish lullaby. The song tells the story of the universal everyman, whose honest work towards achieving the American dream has been foiled by the economic collapse. Unusual for a Broadway song, it was composed largely in a minor key. The song became best known through recordings by Bing Crosby and Rudy Vallée that were released in late 1932. The song received positive reviews and was one of the most popular songs of 1932. As one of the few popular songs during the era to discuss the darker aspects of the collapse, it came to be viewed as an anthem of the Great Depression.

Rudy Vallée
Hubert Prior Vallée (July 28, 1901 – July 3, 1986), known professionally as Rudy Vallée, was an American singer, musician, actor, and radio host. He was one of the first modern pop stars of the teen idol type.
Torelli (cycling team)
Torelli is an Irish women's road cycling team that was founded in 2017, before registering with the UCI for the 2022 season.

Hanna Johansson won their first UCI Women's World Tour jersey by winning the Mountains classification at the 2023 RideLondon Classique.

2023 RideLondon Classique
The 2023 RideLondon Classique was a British women's cycle stage race that was held in Essex and London, as part of the UCI Women's World Tour. Taking place from 26 to 28 May 2023, the race was the ninth edition of the RideLondon Classique, part of the RideLondon cycling festival. It was won by Dutch rider Charlotte Kool of Team DSM.
Richard Davis (photographer)
Richard Davis (born 1965) is a British, social documentary and portrait photographer, based in North West England. Zines of his work have been published by Café Royal Books. A series of Davis' photographs of Hulme Crescents, from the 1980s are held at the John Rylands Research Institute and Library at the University of Manchester.

Hulme Crescents
53°27′59.6″N 2°15′12.6″W﻿ / ﻿53.466556°N 2.253500°W﻿ / 53.466556; -2.253500﻿ (Historic Centre of Hulme Crescents)

Hulme Crescents was a large housing development in the Hulme district of Manchester, England. Hulme was the largest public housing development in Europe, encompassing 3,284 deck-access homes and capacity for over 13,000 people, but was marred by serious construction and design errors. Demolition of the Crescents, comprising 923 dwellings, began in 1993, 21 years after it was constructed in 1972.

The Crescents were described by the Architects' Journal as "Europe's worst housing stock... hideous system-built deck-access block which gave Hulme its unsavoury reputation." The Hulme Crescents had implications for new housing in Manchester and signalled the end of the streets in the sky idea popular throughout the 1960s and 1970s in the United Kingdom. After demolition, Hulme was redeveloped in the 1990s with a mix of low-rise to medium-rise housing.
Rong Chhun
Rong Chhun (born 1969 in Talon, Kandal) is a Cambodian trade unionist and political activist. He is the president of the Cambodian Confederation of Unions and has been imprisoned several times for his work.

Kandal province
Kandal (Khmer: កណ្ដាល, Kândal [kɑnˈɗaːl]; lit. 'Middle') is a province of Cambodia which completely surrounds the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh. Located in the country's southeast, it borders the provinces of Kampong Speu and Takéo to the west, Kampong Chhnang and Kampong Cham to the north, Prey Veng to the east, and shares an international border with Vietnam (An Giang and Đồng Tháp). It is the second most populous province in Cambodia after the capital Phnom Penh.  Its capital and largest city is Ta Khmau, which is approximately eight kilometres (5.0 mi) south of central Phnom Penh. Kandal is one of the wealthier provinces in the country. Since 2025, the province is home to the Phnom Penh Techo International Airport, located in Kandal Stueng District.
John Baras
John S. Baras is a Greek-American electrical engineer and applied mathematician. He is a Distinguished University Professor and the Lockheed Martin Chair in Systems Engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park. He is the founding director of the Institute for Systems Research, one of the first six National Science Foundation Engineering Research Centers.

Baras is known for developing the algorithms and protocols that enabled broadband Internet over satellite, which led to the development of HughesNet and the creation of the Internet-over-satellite industry.

Hughes Network Systems
Hughes Network Systems, LLC is an American telecommunications company that specializes in providing satellite-based communication services for consumer and enterprise markets. It is headquartered in Germantown, Maryland and provides satellite internet services under the brand HughesNet. HughesNet has over a million subscribers in the Americas in late 2023, down from 1.4 million in early 2022. Hughes Network Systems is a wholly owned subsidiary of EchoStar, which acquired its former parent company, Hughes Communications, in 2011.
Jean-Michel Ongagna
Jean-Michel Ongagna (11 July 1945 – 6 July 2021) was a Congolese footballer. Nicknamed "Excellent", he played as a forward for Étoile du Congo throughout the 1960s and the 1970s. He also represented his home country of Congo–Brazzaville, being a part of the winning squad for the 1972 African Cup of Nations.

1972 African Cup of Nations
The 1972 African Cup of Nations was the eighth edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by Cameroon, in the cities of Yaoundé and Douala. Just like in 1970, the field of eight teams was split into two groups of four. The People's Republic of the Congo won its first championship, beating Mali in the final 3−2.
Police Battalion 314
The Police Battalion 314 (Polizeibattalion 314) was a formation of the German Order Police (uniformed police) during the Nazi era. During Operation Barbarossa, it was subordinated to the SS and deployed in German-occupied areas, specifically the Army Group Centre Rear Area, of the Soviet Union, as part of Police Regiment South. Alongside detachments from the Einsatzgruppen and the 1st SS Infantry Brigade, it perpetrated mass murder in the Holocaust and was responsible for large-scale crimes against humanity targeting civilian populations.

Police Regiment Centre
The Police Regiment Centre (Polizei-Regiment Mitte) was a formation of the Order Police (uniformed police) during the Nazi era. During Operation Barbarossa, it was subordinated to the Schutzstaffel (SS) and deployed in German-occupied areas, specifically the Army Group Centre Rear Area, of the Soviet Union. In mid-1942, its three constituent battalions were reassigned and the unit was re-designated as the 13th Police Regiment.

Alongside detachments from the Einsatzgruppen and the SS Cavalry Brigade, it perpetrated mass murders and was responsible for large-scale crimes against humanity targeting civilian populations in the course of Nazi security warfare. The scope of the regiment's operations had been known to British intelligence since July 1941, but, for reasons of national security, information pertaining to their activities was not released until 1993.
Milnesium lagniappe
Milnesium lagniappe is a species of Eutardigrade in the family Milnesiidae. It is found in the southeastern United States, where it grows on lichens and plant litter. This microscopic creature belongs to the Milnesium granulatum species complex and is characterised by its claw formula (a notation used to describe the number and arrangement of points on the claws of a tardigrade's legs), distinct cuticle features and stout claws with well-developed accessory points (additional, smaller points or projections found on the claw).

Plant litter
Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall, or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that has fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent nutrients are added to the top layer of soil, commonly known as the litter layer or O-horizon ("O" for "organic"). Litter is an important factor in ecosystem dynamics, as it is indicative of ecological productivity and may be useful in predicting regional nutrient cycling and soil fertility.
Lennoxville massacre
The Lennoxville massacre, or Lennoxville purge, was a mass murder which took place at the Hells Angels clubhouse in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, on March 24, 1985. Five members of the Hells Angels North Chapter were shot dead. The North Chapter was led by 2 of its original and most influential members, Laurent "L'Anglais" Viau (Chapter President) and Yves "Apache" Trudeau. The Lennoxville massacre divided rival outlaw motorcycle gangs in Quebec, leading to the formation of the Rock Machine club in 1986, a rival to the Angels in the 1990s. The name "Lennoxville massacre" is a misnomer since the killings took place in Sherbrooke. The misconception that the killings took place in Lennoxville arose from the fact the victims had stayed and partied at a motel in Lennoxville before they went to the Sherbrooke clubhouse.

Hells Angels
The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club founded in California whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson motorcycles. In the United States and Canada, the Hells Angels are incorporated as the Hells Angels Motorcycle Corporation. Common nicknames for the club are the "H.A.", "Red & White", and "81". With a membership of over 6,000, and 592 charters in 66 countries, the HAMC is the largest outlaw biker club in the world.

The Hells Angels have a history of involvement in organized crime, such as drug trafficking, and engaging in violent conflict with other outlaw motorcycle clubs. Involvement in organized crime and violence has historically extended to the organization's most senior leadership. Many police and international intelligence agencies, including the United States Department of Justice, the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, the Australian Federal Police, and Europol, consider the club an organized crime syndicate.
2025 Milan–San Remo
The 2025 Milan–San Remo was a road cycling one-day race that took place on 22 March in north-western Italy. It was the 116th edition of the Milan–San Remo cycling classic.

Dutch rider Mathieu van der Poel (Alpecin–Deceuninck) won the race for the second time, beating Italian Filippo Ganna (Ineos Grenadiers) and Slovenian world champion Tadej Pogačar (UAE Team Emirates XRG) in a sprint finish. The trio escaped the peloton on the Cipressa, when van de Poel and Ganna were the only two riders who were able to stay with Pogačar when he attacked. On the Cipressa, the trio broke the climbing record by 20 seconds, previously set by Gabriele Colombo and Alexander Gontchenkov at the 1996 Milan–San Remo.

Prior to the race, a women's edition of the race was held for the first time since 2005.

1996 Milan–San Remo
The 1996 Milan–San Remo was the 87th edition of the Milan–San Remo cycle race and was held on 23 March 1996. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo.

The race was won by Italian rider Gabriele Colombo of the Gewiss Playbus team. During the race, Colombo and Alexander Gontchenkov set a climbing record on the Cipressa that would stand for nearly 30 years.
Omar Bugiel
Omar Chaaban Khaled Bugiel (born 3 January 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL League One club AFC Wimbledon and the Lebanon national team.

Bugiel began his senior career in England at Selsey during 2011. After one season, he moved to Burgess Hill Town, before moving back to Selsey in 2013. Bugiel then played for Bognor Regis Town during 2013–14, and Worthing— where he scored 50 goals —between 2014 and 2017. In February 2017 Bugiel joined National League side Forest Green Rovers, helping them get promoted to EFL League Two. After a season in the EFL League Two, Bugiel moved to Bromley—first on loan, then on a permanent deal—before joining Sutton United, helping them also gain promotion to EFL League Two.

Born in Germany, Bugiel holds Lebanese nationality through his father. He made his international debut with the Lebanon national team in 2017, and played in the 2023 AFC Asian Cup.

Lebanese nationality law
Lebanese nationality law governs the acquisition, transmission and loss of Lebanese citizenship. Lebanese citizenship is the status of being a citizen of Lebanon and it can be obtained by birth or naturalization. Lebanese nationality is transmitted paternally (via father) (see Jus sanguinis). Therefore, a Lebanese man who holds Lebanese citizenship can automatically confer citizenship to his children and foreign wife (only if entered in the Civil Acts Register in the Republic of Lebanon). Under the current law, descendants of Lebanese emigrants can only receive citizenship from their father and women cannot pass on citizenship to their children or foreign spouses.

On 12 November 2015, the Parliament of Lebanon approved a draft law that would allow "foreigners of Lebanese origin to get citizenship." On 5 May 2016, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants Gebran Bassil announced the beginning of the implementation of citizenship law for Lebanese diaspora.
Elvira Lobato
Elvira Lobato is a Brazilian journalist. She has worked at Folha de S.Paulo for 25 out of 39 years in which she was a journalist; she retired in 2012. She was awarded some of the most prestigious prizes for journalists in Brazil, including Prêmio Esso, that she received in 2008 for an investigative series on the wealth of Igreja Universal. Because of this work, she has been threatened and publicly persecuted.

ExxonMobil Journalism Award
ExxonMobil Journalism Award (Prêmio ExxonMobil de Jornalismo), previously known as Esso Journalism Award (Prêmio Esso de Jornalismo), formerly known as Esso Reportage Award (Prêmio Esso de Reportagem), is an annual Brazilian journalism award given by the company Esso in Brazil.
Kofi Kinaata
Martin King Arthur (born 15 April 1990), popularly known as Kofi Kinaata, is a Ghanaian musician and songwriter from Takoradi. Known for his Fante rap and freestyle, he is often referred to by the moniker of Fante Rap God (FRG).

Fante people
The modern Mfantsefo or Fante ("Fanti" is an older spelling) confederacy is a combination of Akan people and aboriginal Guan people. The Fante people are mainly located in the Central and Western regions of Ghana, West Africa, occupying the forest and coastal areas. Their land stretches from the eastern part of western region in the west to Gomoa in the east. The Fante can be broadly categorized into two groups – the Borbor/Boka Fante (Akan ancestry) and the Etsii Fante (Guan ancestry). Over the last half-century, Fante communities have been established as far as Gambia, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire and even Angola due to fishing expeditions. Major Fante cities and towns  in modern Ghana include  Cape Coast, Saltpond, Sekondi, Elmina, Agona Swedru, Mankessim, Winneba, Shama, Apam, Komenda, Kasoa and Anomabo.
I Run on Country
"I Run on Country" is a song recorded by Canadian country music band The Washboard Union. The three band members wrote the song with Dave Thomson, and co-produced it with Matt McClure. The song marked their first release of new music since their 2020 studio album Everbound, and is the lead single off their next album slated for release in early 2024.

Wave (band)
Wave was a Canadian pop rock duo composed of Dave Thomson and Paul Gigliotti. They formed in 1999 in Niagara Falls, Ontario and are best known for their 2001 singles, "California" and "Think It Over", both which were Top 10 radio hits in Canada. Their debut album Nothing as It Seems was a success, achieving gold certification. However, their second album State of Mind was a commercial failure. The band folded in 2003, with Thomson and Gigliotti pursuing separate careers in the music industry. The duo reunited in 2016 for a single show in their hometown.
Tú Crees en Mí?
Tú Crees en Mí? (English: Do You Believe in Me?) is the debut studio album by Argentine singer-songwriter Emilia. It was released through Sony Music Latin on 31 May 2022. It is a Latin pop album with influences of Latin R&B and urban music. All the songs were written by Emilia and Daniel Ismael Real, with support from musicians Duki and Elena Rose, among others. It features guest vocals by Duki, Nicki Nicole, and Tiago PZK.

The release of four singles preceded the album. "Como Si No Importara", the lead single, was well received commercially, peaking at number three on the Billboard Argentina Hot 100, and reaching the top 20 in Paraguay and Uruguay. It was Emilia's first song to chart on the Billboard Global Excl. US. "Rápido Lento" and "Cuatro Veinte", the second and third single, respectively, reached the top 5 in Argentina and Uruguay. The last single, "Intoxicao", was released one day before the album. For the promotion, Emilia embarked on the Tú Crees en Mí? Tour in 2022.

Elena Rose
Andrea Elena Mangiamarchi, known by her stage name Elena Rose (stylised in all caps), is a Venezuelan-American singer and songwriter from Miami, Florida.

As a collaborator, Rose is perhaps best known for working with Mexican-American singer Becky G, notably on songs such as "Dollar" (with Myke Towers), "Muchacha" (with Gente de Zona), "No Drama" (with Ozuna), and "Mamiii" (with Karol G). As a songwriter, Rose's credits include numerous collaborations with many international artists, including with Alejandro Sanz, Anitta, Christina Aguilera, CNCO, Emilia Mernes, Jennifer Lopez, Lali, Ludmilla, Luísa Sonza, Maluma, Marc Anthony María Becerra, Natti Natasha, Piso 21, Rauw Alejandro, Shakira and Tini, among others.

In 2020, Rose released her debut single, "Sandunga".