hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Civil parishes in Scotland
Civil parishes are small divisions used for statistical purposes and formerly for local government in Scotland.

Civil parishes gained legal functions in 1845 when parochial boards were established to administer the poor law. Their local government functions were abolished in 1930 with their powers transferred to county or burgh councils. Since 1975, they have been superseded as the smallest unit of local administration in Scotland by community councils.

Community council
A community council is a public representative body in Great Britain.

In England they may be statutory parish councils by another name, under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007, or they may be non-statutory bodies. In Scotland and Wales they are statutory bodies.

Scottish community councils were first created under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, many years after Scottish parish councils were abolished by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.

Welsh community councils – which may, if they wish, style themselves town councils – are a direct replacement, under the Local Government Act 1972, for the previously existing parish councils and are identical to English parish councils in terms of their powers and the way in which they operate.
1984 Tournament of the Americas
The 1984 Tournament of the Americas, since 2005 called the FIBA Americas Championship or FIBA AmeriCup, was the 2nd edition of this basketball tournament, hosted in São Paulo, Brazil from 15–24 May 1984. The outcome would determine the three berths allocated to the Americas for the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics and five berths for the 1986 FIBA World Championship in Spain.  The United States did not participate in the tournament, claiming host-courtesy. Brazil was undefeated in the round robin tournament and were accompanied to the Olympic games by Canada and Uruguay.

Basketball at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Basketball at the 1984 Summer Olympics was the eleventh appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. It took place at The Forum in Inglewood, California, United States from July 29 to August 10. The United States won the gold medal in both events, with the women's team's victory marking their first-ever gold medal. Due to the boycott, the Soviet Union and Hungary withdrew from the tournament. The former, having already qualified for both events was replaced by West Germany in the men's competition, while both nations' women's teams were replaced by Australia and South Korea.
The Baroque Cycle
The Baroque Cycle is a series of novels by American writer Neal Stephenson. It was published in three volumes containing eight books in 2003 and 2004. The story follows the adventures of a sizable cast of characters living amidst some of the central events of the late 17th and early 18th centuries in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Central America.  Despite featuring a literary treatment consistent with historical fiction, Stephenson has characterized the work as science fiction, because of the presence of some anomalous occurrences and the work's particular emphasis on themes relating to science and technology. The sciences of cryptology and numismatics feature heavily in the series, as they do in some of Stephenson's other works.

Fall; or, Dodge in Hell
Fall; or, Dodge in Hell is a 2019 speculative fiction novel by American author Neal Stephenson. The book explores mind-uploading to the Cloud, from the perspective of Richard "Dodge" Forthrast, a character introduced in Stephenson's 2011 Reamde.
Khwaja Fakhr al-din Zarradi
Khwaja Fakhruddin Zarradi (Urdu: خواجہ فخر الدین زرادی) was a prominent 14th-century Sufi scholar and a senior disciple (Khalifa) of Nizamuddin Auliya, the renowned saint of the Chishti Order in Delhi. He is best known for his scholarly defense of Sama (Sufi music) in his treatise Usul al-Sama, which bridged the gap between orthodox Islamic jurisprudence and Sufi practice.

While historical accounts, including Nizami Bansari, record his martyrdom in a shipwreck while returning from Hajj, popular tradition and devotees associate the shrine in Sarwar Sharif with his legacy.

Sama (Sufism)
Sama, literally Listening, is a Sufi ritual performed as part of the meditation and prayer practice known as Dhikr (in English, Remembrance [of God]). It is discussed by al-Ghazali in his The Alchemy of Happiness.

It is sometimes associated with Rumi, who is said to have fallen into an ecstatic trance after wandering through a city and hearing the name of God in the rhythmic hammering of a goldbeater (hence the name Sama, i.e. hearing/listening).  As an imitation of this, Sama invites the practitioner to reflect on the all-encompassing presence of God, a concept known as tawhid.

Sama often includes singing, playing instruments, dancing, recitation of poetry and prayers, wearing symbolic attire, and other rituals. Sama is a particularly popular form of worship in Sufism.

In 2005, UNESCO confirmed the "Mevlevi Sama Ceremony" of Turkey as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Forcipomyia squamipennis
Forcipomyia squamipennis is a biting midge species in the genus Forcipomyia. It is an important  pollinator  of cacao trees (Theobroma cacao) in Ghana, and other related midges pollinate the tree in other parts of the tropics.

Theobroma cacao
Theobroma cacao (cacao tree or cocoa tree) is a small (6–12 m (20–39 ft) tall) evergreen tree in the Malvaceae family. Its seeds—cocoa beans—are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate.  Although the tree is native to the tropics of the Americas, the largest producer of cocoa beans in 2022 was Ivory Coast.
Disposable soma theory of aging
In biogerontology, the disposable soma theory of aging states that organisms age due to an evolutionary trade-off between growth, reproduction, and DNA repair maintenance.  Formulated by British biologist Thomas Kirkwood, the disposable soma theory explains that an organism only has a limited amount of resources that it can allocate to its various cellular processes. Therefore, a greater investment in growth and reproduction would result in reduced investment in DNA repair maintenance, leading to increased cellular damage, shortened telomeres, accumulation of mutations, compromised stem cells, and ultimately, senescence. Although many models, both animal and human, have appeared to support this theory, parts of it are still controversial.
Specifically, while the evolutionary trade-off between growth and aging has been well established, the relationship between reproduction and aging is still without scientific consensus, and the cellular mechanisms largely undiscovered.

MTOR
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as mammalian target of rapamycin is a serine-threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and transcription. It belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family and is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes. It also promotes the activation of insulin receptors and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors.
¿Qué apostamos?
¿Qué apostamos? (English: What do we bet?) is the Spanish version of the German prime-time television game show Wetten, dass..?. It was broadcast nationwide live on La Primera Cadena of Televisión Española (TVE) for seven seasons from 1993 to 2000 and on some regional broadcasters of the Federation of Regional Organizations of Radio and Television (FORTA) for an additional season in 2008. On the show, ordinary people offer to achieve some unusual and very difficult tasks while top-ranking celebrity guests bet on the outcomes.

La 1 (Spanish TV channel)
La 1 (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈuno], The One) is a Spanish free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Televisión Española (TVE), the television division of state-owned public broadcaster Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE). It is the corporation's flagship television channel and is known for broadcasting mainstream and generalist programming, including Telediario news bulletins, prime time drama, cinema and entertainment, and major breaking news, sports and special events.
El Mers Group
The El Mers Group is a geological group in the Middle Atlas of Morocco. It is subdivided into three formations named the El Mers I, II, and III Formations, respectively. It is a marine deposit primarily consisting of marl, with gypsum present in the upper part of unit 3. It is the lateral equivalent of the terrestrial Guettioua Sandstone. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the group, most notably those of sauropods and the unusual thyreophorans Adratiklit, Thyreosaurus, and Spicomellus. This formation records a series of coastal to shallow marine settings of Middle Jurassic (with an age of Bajocian-Bathonian for El Mers 1 and a Bathonian-Callovian? for El Mers II-III), based on detailed stratigraphical biomarkers such as ammonites or Foranimifera.

Marl
Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt. When hardened into rock, this becomes marlstone. It is formed in marine or freshwater environments, often through the activities of algae.

Marl makes up the lower part of the cliffs of Dover, and the Channel Tunnel follows these marl layers between France and the United Kingdom. Marl is also a common sediment in post-glacial lakes, such as the marl ponds of the northeastern United States and marl lakes of the Canadian Rockies.

Marl has been used as a soil conditioner and neutralizing agent for acid soil and in the manufacture of cement.
Clarke Oduor
Clarke Sydney Omondi Oduor (born 25 June 1999) is a Kenyan professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder or left-back for EFL League Two club Grimsby Town, on loan from EFL League One club Bradford City, and the Kenya national team.

Kenya national football team
The Kenya national football team (Swahili: Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Kenya), colloquially known as the Harambee Stars, represents Kenya in association football. It is controlled by the Football Kenya Federation, the governing body of football in Kenya, and competes as a member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and the Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations (CECAFA). The team plays its home games primarily at the Nyayo National Stadium in the capital, Nairobi.
Ulu, Russia
Ulu (Russian: Улу́; Yakut: Улуу, Uluu) is a rural locality (a selo) under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of Tommot in Aldansky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the left bank of the Ulu River, a tributary of the Amga, and 151 kilometers (94 mi) from Tommot. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 139; down from 179 recorded in the 2002 Census.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
Lakas ng Bansa
The Lakas ng Bansa (LnB; lit. 'Power of Nation') was a defunct conservative liberal political party in the Philippines established in 1986, and folded until 1988 when merged with the Cojuangco faction of PDP–Laban to form Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP).

Peping Cojuangco
José "Peping" Sumulong Cojuangco Jr. (born September 19, 1934) is a Filipino politician, sports administrator, and businessman. He served as the 9th president of the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC) from 2004 to 2018. He previously served as the Representative of Tarlac's 1st district from 1961 to 1969 and 1987 to 1998. He began his political career in Paniqui, Tarlac where he served as councilor, vice mayor, and then mayor. A member of the Cojuangco political dynasty, President Corazon Cojuangco Aquino was his sister and President Benigno Aquino III was his nephew.
Potsdam Royals
The Potsdam Royals are an American football team from Potsdam, Germany.

The club's greatest achievements are winning the German Bowl championship (2023, 2024 & 2025), and the last Eurobowl (2019) against the Amsterdam Crusaders.  The Royals currently play in the top tier American Football league in Germany the German Football League.

German Football League
The German Football League (GFL) is a professional American football league in Germany. The league was formed in 1979. In 1999, the league changed to its current name from American-Football-Bundesliga. Rules are based on American NCAA rules.

In terms of attendance figures, cumulative salaries paid by teams, performance in international exhibition games and competitions and ability to draw foreign talent, the GFL is generally considered the most competitive national league in Europe.
Miguel García Vivancos
Miguel García Vivancos (19 April 1895 in Mazarrón, Region of Murcia – 23 January 1972 in Córdoba) was a Spanish Naïve painter and anarchist. He was a member of the National Confederation of Labor (Spanish: Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, CNT), during the Spanish Civil War he commanded several military units. With the defeat of the Republic he went into exile, where he developed a career as a painter. He was artistically known by his second surname.

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT; lit. 'National Confederation of Labor') is a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist trade union confederation.

Founded in 1910 in Barcelona from groups brought together by the trade union Solidaridad Obrera, it significantly expanded the role of anarchism in Spain, which can be traced to the creation of the Spanish chapter of the IWA in 1870 and its successor organization, the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region. Despite several decades when the organization was illegal in Spain, the CNT continues to participate in the Spanish worker's movement, focusing its efforts on the principles of workers' self-management, federalism, and mutual aid.

Historically affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT), in 2018, the CNT and other unions founded the International Confederation of Labour (ICL-CIT).
Mahajana Law College
Mahajana Law College, Mysore was started in 1992 under the guidance of Prof. CKN Raja. It is situated in Jayalakshmipuram. Mahajana Law College is affiliated to Mysore University and approved by the Bar Council of India

At present Mahajana Law College has about 400 students. Prof. K. Rajashekara is the present principal of the college. The college offers courses in 3 years and 5 years LL.B.

Mahajana Law College brings out a law journal every year to which legal luminaries from all over the world contribute to it.
SBRR Mahajana First Grade College is a sister institution located at Jayalakshmipuram, Mysore.

SBRR Mahajana First Grade College
SBRR Mahajana First Grade College (Autonomous) Jayalakshmipuram, Mysore is a College with Potential for Excellence accredited A Grade by N.A.A.C. (National Assessment and Accreditation Council) during its 3rd Cycle and affiliated to University of Mysore. The college was founded in 1982 as a women's college offering B.A. & B.Com. courses. It was admitted to the grant-in-aid in 1987 and in 1988 became a co-educational institution. B.Sc. course was introduced in 1989, BBM course & Bio-technology, Biochemistry & Microbiology combination in B.Sc. were added in 1994 & 2004 respectively. BCA course was introduced in 2009. The College has applied for Autonomy and got the Autonomous status in 2019 from Mysore University.

Two boys were kidnapped on 8 June 2011 from the college premises and murdered by members of Karnataka Forum for Dignity, who sought ransom of 5 crore rupees.
Languages of Germany
The official language of Germany is German, with over 95 percent of the country speaking Standard German or a dialect of German as their first language. This figure includes speakers of Northern Low Saxon, a recognized minority or regional language that is not considered separately from Standard German in statistics. Recognized minority languages have official status as well, usually in their respective regions.

German dialects
German dialects are the various traditional local varieties of the German language. Though varied by region, those of the southern half of Germany beneath the Benrath line are dominated by the geographical spread of the High German consonant shift, and the dialect continuum that connects High German to the neighboring varieties of Low Franconian (Dutch) and Low German.

The varieties of German are conventionally grouped into Upper German, Central German and Low German; Upper and Central German form the High German subgroup. Standard German is a standardized form of High German, developed in the early modern period based on a combination of Central German and Upper German varieties.
Sempronius Densus
Sempronius Densus was a centurion in the Praetorian Guard in the 1st century. He was bodyguard to the emperor's heir, Piso Licinianus, and is remembered by history for his courage and loyalty in singlehandedly defending his charge from scores of armed assassins, while all his comrades deserted or switched sides.

Praetorian Guard
The Praetorian Guard (Latin: cohortes praetoriae) was the imperial guard of the Imperial Roman army that served various roles for the Roman emperor including being a bodyguard unit, counterintelligence, crowd control and gathering military intelligence.

During the Roman Republic, the Praetorian Guards were escorts for high-ranking political officials and were bodyguards for the senior officers of the Roman legions. In 27 BC, after Rome's transition from republic to empire, the first emperor of Rome, Augustus, designated the Praetorians as his personal security escort. For three centuries, the guards of the Roman emperor were also known for their palace intrigues, by whose influence upon imperial politics the Praetorians could overthrow an emperor and then proclaim his successor as the new caesar of Rome. In AD 312, Constantine the Great disbanded the cohortes praetoriae and destroyed their barracks at the Castra Praetoria.
Nasturtium (plant genus)
Nasturtium (/nəˈstɜːrʃəm/) is a genus of a small number of plant species in the family Brassicaceae (cabbage family) commonly known as watercress or yellowcress. The best known species are the edible Nasturtium officinale and Nasturtium microphyllum. Nasturtium was previously synonymised with Rorippa, but molecular evidence supports its maintenance as a distinct genus more closely related to Cardamine than to Rorippa sensu stricto.

These plants are related to garden cress and mustard, noteworthy for a peppery, tangy (pungent) flavor. The name Nasturtium comes from the Latin nasus tortus, meaning "twisted nose", in reference to the effect on the nasal passages of eating the plants.
Nasturtium foliage is used as food by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera, including Orthonama obstipata (The Gem).

One species, Nasturtium gambellii, is federally listed in California as an endangered species.

Watercress
Watercress or yellowcress (Nasturtium officinale) is a species of aquatic flowering plant in the cabbage family, Brassicaceae.

Watercress is a rapidly growing perennial plant native to Eurasia. It is one of the oldest known leaf vegetables consumed by humans. Watercress and many of its relatives, such as garden cress, mustard, radish, and wasabi, are noteworthy for their piquant flavors.
Dimartinia
Dimartinia (after Vicente Di Martino) is an extinct genus of carnivorous metatherian mammals from the Late Miocene Cerro Azul Formation of Argentina. The genus contains a single species, D. pristina, known from a left mandible and teeth. Dimartinia is a primitive member of the Thylacosmiliformes, a group also containing the saber toothed thylacosmilids.

Cerro Azul Formation
The Cerro Azul Formation (Spanish: Formación Cerro Azul), also described as Epecuén Formation, is a geological formation of Late Miocene (Tortonian, or Huayquerian in the SALMA classification) age in the Colorado Basin of the Buenos Aires and La Pampa Provinces in northeastern Argentina.

The fluvial and aeolian siltstones, sandstones and tuffs of the formation contain many mammals, such as Thylacosmilus and Huayqueriana, reptiles, amphibians and fossils of terror birds as well as Argentavis, the largest flying bird ever discovered.
Mwaki
"Mwaki" is a song by Brazilian DJ and producer Zerb from his third extended play (EP), Surrender (2023). It features Kenyan singer Sofiya Nzau who performs the song in the Kikuyu language. "Mwaki" was released as a single on 10 November 2023 through the independent record label, Th3rd Brain. A month later, it went viral on the video-sharing service TikTok.

Kikuyu language
Kikuyu or Gikuyu (Gikuyu: Gĩkũyũ [ɣēkōjó]) (also known as Gĩgĩkũyũ) is a Bantu language spoken by the Gĩkũyũ (Agĩkũyũ) of Kenya. Kikuyu is mainly spoken in the area encompassing the former Central Province (between Nyeri, Kirinyaga, Kiambu, Murang'a and Nyahururu) and surrounding areas like Nairobi, Nakuru and Laikipia. The Kikuyu people traditionally identify their ancestral lands by the surrounding mountain ranges in Central Kenya, including Mount Kenya, which they call Kĩrĩmanyaga and the Aberdare Range.
Child's Pose (film)
Child's Pose (Romanian: Poziția copilului) is a 2013 Romanian drama film directed by Călin Peter Netzer, co-written by Netzer and Răzvan Rădulescu. It follows a overprotective mother attempts to safeguard her son after a hit and run traffic accident.

The film had its world premiere in the main competition of the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on 11 February 2013, where it won the Golden Bear. It was selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. At the 26th European Film Awards, Luminița Gheorghiu was nominated as the Best Actress.

Golden Bear
The Golden Bear (German: Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival and is, along with the Palme d'Or and the Golden Lion, widely considered among the most prestigious film festival awards. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin.
Jerry Kilgore (singer)
Jerry Kilgore (born November 12, 1964, in Tillamook, Oregon) is an American country music artist. He has recorded three studio albums: 1999's Love Trip on the Virgin Records label. 2007's Loaded & Empty and 2012's Telephone, TX were released on his personal Nic-Nic-Neer label. The first album produced three chart singles on the Billboard country music charts, including a Top 40 in its title track. In addition, Kilgore has written singles for Tracy Byrd, John Michael Montgomery and Clay Walker.

Tracy Byrd
Tracy Lynn Byrd (born December 17, 1966) is an American country music artist. Signed to MCA Nashville Records in 1992, Byrd broke through on the country music scene that year with his 1993 single "Holdin' Heaven", which reached Number One on Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks. Although he did not land a second Number One until 2002's "Ten Rounds with Jose Cuervo", Byrd has charted more than thirty hit singles in his career, including eleven additional Top Ten hits. He has also released ten studio albums and two greatest-hits albums, with four gold certifications and one double-platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. He was the on-air spokesman for the TNN Outdoors block from 1998 to 2000.