hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
House Committee on Communications
The House Committee on Communications is a standing committee of the Nigerian National Assembly tasked with legislative oversight of the communications sector, including telecommunications, information technology, and digital economy policies.

Established under the provisions of the National Assembly Act, the committee plays a role in shaping Nigeria's communications framework, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards, and fostering sectoral growth. It collaborates with key agencies such as the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), the Federal Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy, and the Universal Service Provision Fund (USPF), among others, to advance Nigeria's communications infrastructure and promote accessibility across the nation.

Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy
The Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy in Nigeria is a government ministry responsible for overseeing the development, implementation, and regulation of policies related to communications, innovation, and digital economy sectors within the country.

The current minister is Dr Bosun Tijani.
Lake Temescal
Lake Temescal is a small reservoir in the Oakland hills, in northeastern Oakland, California. It is the centerpiece of Temescal Regional Recreational Area, also known as Temescal Regional Park (and originally, Lake Temescal Regional Park). It is a part of the East Bay Regional Park District.

East Bay Regional Park District
The East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD) is a special district operating in Alameda County and Contra Costa County, California, within the East Bay area of the San Francisco Bay Area.  It maintains and operates a system of regional parks which is the largest urban regional park district in the United States. The administrative office is located in Oakland.

As of 2020, EBRPD spans 124,909 acres (50,549 ha) with 73 parks and over 1,330 miles (2,140 km) of trails. Some of these parks are wilderness areas; others include a variety of visitor attractions, with opportunities for swimming, boating and camping.  The trails are frequently used for non-motorized transportation such as biking, hiking, and horse riding. More than 200 miles (320 km) of paved trails (identified as Interpark Regional Trails) through urban areas link the parks together.
Daddy (slang)
Daddy is a slang term that refers to a sexually attractive older man or a man who is sexually involved with a younger partner.

(1920’s - current day)

Daddy is to mean one's boyfriend, especially an older man or a sugar daddy. Beginning in the 1920s, the term was often heard in blues music and African-American Vernacular English or “Black Folk Talk” or “Talking Ghetto”.

LGBT portal

Sexuality portal

Sugar dating
Sugar dating or sugaring is a type of pseudoromantic interpersonal relationship where one person receives money or gifts in exchange for intimacy or companionship. The provider (called a sugar daddy or sugar mommy) is typically older and wealthier, while the recipient (called a sugar baby) is typically younger, attractive, and interested in improving their quality of life. The recipient can obtain gifts such as jewelry, luxury goods, vacations, fine dining, mentorship, leisure outings, financial support, and offers social benefits such as companionship, dedication, devotion, affection, dating or intimacy.

Sugar dating is especially popular in the online dating community due to the easy access to specific niches and desires.
Lancashire and Cheshire Miners' Permanent Relief Society
The Lancashire and Cheshire Miners Permanent Relief Society (LCMPRS) was a form of friendly society started in 1872 to provide financial assistance to miners who were unable to work after being injured in industrial accidents in collieries on the Lancashire Coalfield. It also provided funds for widows, orphans and dependent relatives of those who were killed in the pits. The society operated until 2006 from offices in Wigan.

Friendly society
A friendly society (sometimes called a benefit society, mutual aid society, benevolent society, fraternal organization or ROSCA) is a mutual association for the purposes of insurance, pensions, savings or cooperative banking. It is a mutual organization or benefit society composed of a body of people who join together for a common financial or social purpose. Before modern insurance and the welfare state, friendly societies provided financial and social services to individuals, often according to their religious, political, or trade affiliations. These societies are still widespread in many parts of the developing world, where they are referred to as ROSCAs (rotating savings and credit associations), ASCAs (accumulating savings and credit associations), burial societies, chit funds, etc.
Servette FC Chênois Féminin
Servette FC Chênois Féminin (French pronunciation: [sɛʁvɛt ɛfse ʃɛnwa feminɛ̃]) is a women's football club from Geneva, Switzerland. Its first team plays in the top tier in Switzerland and often in UEFA Champions League.

Swiss Women's Super League
The Women's Super League is the highest-level league competition for women's football clubs in Switzerland. It was established in 1970 (formerly named Nationalliga A).

League winners qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League. The team that end as number 10 relegate to the Nationalliga B.

The Super League replaced the Nationalliga A as the highest level of women's football in Switzerland from 2020–21 onwards.
Merchants Limited
The Merchants Limited, sometimes shortened to Merchants, was a New York, New Haven and Hartford (the "New Haven") passenger train on the Shore Line between Boston and New York City. It was the New Haven's premier passenger train and the last all-parlor car train in the United States. The train entered service in 1903, and survived the turbulent Penn Central merger to become one of Amtrak's Boston–Washington, D.C. services. The name disappeared from Amtrak's timetables in 1995 when most Northeast trains were rebranded "NortheastDirect".

Penn Central Transportation Company
The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American class I railroad that operated from 1968 to 1976. Penn Central combined three traditional corporate rivals (the Pennsylvania, New York Central and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads), each of which were united by large-scale service into the New York metropolitan area and to a lesser extent New England and Chicago.

Barely two years after its formation, the new company failed, representing the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history at the time. Penn Central's railroad assets were subsequently nationalized into Conrail along with those of other bankrupt northeastern railroads; its real estate and insurance holdings successfully reorganized into American Premier Underwriters.
2017–18 La Liga
The 2017–18 La Liga season, also known as LaLiga Santander for sponsorship reasons, was the 87th since its establishment. The season began on 18 August 2017 and concluded on 20 May 2018. The fixtures were released on 21 July 2017.

Real Madrid were the defending champions. Barcelona, under new manager Ernesto Valverde, won the league title on 29 April 2018 with four matches to spare. It was the second part of a double-winning season for Barcelona, who also won the 2018 Copa del Rey final.

Levante, Girona, and Getafe were the newly promoted clubs competing in the season, with Girona entering La Liga for the first time in its history. At the end of the season, Málaga, Las Palmas, and Deportivo La Coruña were all relegated to the Segunda División.

Málaga CF
Málaga Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmalaɣa ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol], Málaga Football Club), or simply Málaga, is a club based in Málaga, Andalusia, Spain, who compete in Segunda División, the second tier of the Spanish league system, following their promotion from the Primera Federación in the 2023–24 season.

They won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 2002 and qualified for the following season's UEFA Cup, reaching the quarter-final stages. They also qualified for the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League, where they were quarter-finalists. Since June 2010, the owner of the club has been Qatari investor Abdullah ben Nasser Al Thani.
Jordan Mailata
Lafoga Jordan Mailata (/maɪˈlɑːtə/ my-LAH-tə; born 31 March 1997) is an Australian-New Zealand professional American football offensive tackle for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL), professional singer, and former rugby league player. He previously played rugby league for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs under-18s team and the South Sydney Rabbitohs on their under-20s team. He joined the NFL via the league's International Player Pathway Program and was selected in the seventh round, 233rd overall by the Eagles in the 2018 NFL draft. In 2025, Mailata was an integral part of the Eagles team that won Super Bowl LIX, the second title in the team's history.

International Player Pathway
International Player Pathway (IPP) is a program run by the National Football League (NFL) to increase the number of players from outside the United States or Canada in the NFL. The program was formed as part of the NFL's strategy to grow globally as it provides athletes with the opportunity to play in the league. Its aim is to increase the pool of talent and ultimately drive global fan growth.
Robert Szczerbaniuk
Robert Szczerbaniuk (born 29 May 1977) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national volleyball team in 1998–2004 and Slovak club VK Prievidza, a participant of the 2004 Olympic Games, six-time Polish Champion (2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006).

2000–01 Polish Volleyball League
The 2000–01 Polish Volleyball League was the 65th season of the Polish Volleyball Championship, the 1st season as a professional league organized by the Professional Volleyball League SA (Polish: Profesjonalna Liga Piłki Siatkowej SA) under the supervision of the Polish Volleyball Federation (Polish: Polski Związek Piłki Siatkowej).

Mostostal Azoty Kędzierzyn-Koźle achieved their 3rd title of the Polish Champions.
Super Bowl (song)
"Super Bowl" is a song by South Korean boy band Stray Kids, taken from their third Korean-language studio album 5-Star, which was released on June 2, 2023, through JYP Entertainment and Republic Records. The Japanese version was released as the lead single from their third Japanese-language EP Social Path / Super Bowl (Japanese Ver.) on August 10, 2023, through Epic Records Japan.

JYP Entertainment
JYP Entertainment Corporation (Korean: JYP 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate founded in 1997 by J.Y. Park. Operating as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management company, concert production company and music publishing house, it is one of the largest entertainment companies in South Korea. The company also operates subsidiary ventures and divisions internationally.
French colonial law
French colonial law refers to the segment of French law historically practiced within the French colonial empire. This colonial law was designed under the premise of a "civilizing mission," but in practice, it often entailed discriminatory treatment of colonized populations. Key institutions included the French colonial native code (French: indigénat) and legal slavery. French colonial law frequently aimed to manage colonized peoples through an understanding of their social structures, often referred to as "customs." Specialists in French colonial law included administrators, jurists, and magistrates.

Native code (France)
The Native code (French: Code de l'indigénat ) was a diverse and fluctuating set of arbitrary laws and regulations which created in practice an inferior legal status for natives of French colonies from 1881 until 1944–1947.

The Native code was introduced by decree, in various forms and degrees of severity, to Algeria and Cochinchina in 1881, New Caledonia and Senegal in 1887, Annam–Tonkin and Polynesia in 1897, Cambodia in 1898, Mayotte and Madagascar in 1901, French West Africa in 1904, French Equatorial Africa in 1910, French Somaliland in 1912, and the Mandates of Togo and Cameroon in 1923 and 1924.

Under the term indigénat are often grouped other oppressive measures that were applied to the native population of the French empire, such as forced labor, requisitions, capitation (head tax), etc.
3 ft 6 in gauge railways
Railways with a track gauge of 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 mm) were first constructed as horse-drawn wagonways. The first intercity passenger railway to use the 3 ft 6 in gauge was constructed in Norway by Carl Abraham Pihl. From the mid-nineteenth century, the gauge became widespread in the British Empire. In Africa it became known as the Cape gauge as it was adopted as the standard gauge for the Cape Government Railways in 1873, even though it had already been established in Australia and New Zealand before that. It was adopted as a standard in New Zealand, South Africa, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Queensland (which has the second largest narrow gauge network in the world) in Australia.

There are approximately 112,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) of 1,067 mm gauge track in the world, which are classified as narrow-gauge railways.

Wagonway
A wagonway (or waggonway; also known as a horse-drawn railway, or horse-drawn railroad) was a method of railway transportation that preceded the steam locomotive and used horses to haul wagons. The terms plateway and tramway were also used. The advantage of wagonways was that far bigger loads could be transported with the same power compared to horse haulage along roads.
John Hawkins (naval commander)
Admiral Sir John Hawkins (also spelled Hawkyns) (1532 – 1595) was an English naval commander, naval administrator, privateer and slave trader.

Hawkins pioneered, and was an early promoter of, English involvement in the Atlantic slave trade. He is considered to be the first English merchant to profit from the Triangle Trade, selling enslaved people from Africa to the Spanish colonies in the West Indies in the late 16th century.

In 1588, Hawkins served as a Vice-Admiral and fought in the victory over the Spanish Armada, for which he was knighted for gallantry. As Treasurer of the Navy, Hawkins became the chief architect of the Elizabethan Navy. He redesigned the navy so the ships were faster, more manoeuvrable and had more firepower.

Hawkins' son, Richard Hawkins, was captured by the Spanish. In response, along with his cousin Sir Francis Drake, he raised a fleet of ships to attack the Spanish in the West Indies. However, he died at sea during the expedition.

Treasurer of the Navy
The Treasurer of the Navy, originally called Treasurer of Marine Causes or Paymaster of the Navy, was a civilian officer of the Royal Navy, one of the principal commissioners of the Navy Board responsible for naval finance from 1524 to 1832. The treasurer was based at the Navy Pay Office.
Bordeaux mixture
Bordeaux mixture (also called Bordo Mix) is a mixture of copper(II) sulphate (CuSO4) and quicklime (CaO) used as a fungicide. It is used in vineyards, fruit-farms, vegetable-farms and gardens to prevent infestations of downy mildew, powdery mildew and other fungi. It is sprayed on plants as a preventive treatment; its mode of action is ineffective after a fungus has become established. It was invented in the Bordeaux region of France in the late 19th century. If it is applied in large quantities annually for many years, the copper in the mixture eventually becomes a pollutant. As such its use is controlled, but not forbidden in most of the European Union. Despite this, some advocates of organic gardening consider it an 'organic' pesticide.

Calcium oxide
Calcium oxide (formula: CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term lime connotes calcium-containing inorganic compounds, in which carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, and iron predominate. By contrast, quicklime specifically applies to the single compound calcium oxide. Calcium oxide that survives processing without reacting in building products, such as cement, is called free lime.

Quicklime is relatively inexpensive. Both it and the chemical derivative calcium hydroxide (of which quicklime is the base anhydride) are important commodity chemicals.
Malavsky family
The Malavsky family was a Jewish-American family of cantorial and Jewish folk singers. The father of the family, Samuel Malavsky (1894–1985), a renowned cantor and composer, was often the soloist, accompanied by his four daughters and two sons.

Hazzan
A hazzan (/ˈhɑːzən/; Hebrew: [χaˈzan], lit. 'hazan') or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן, romanized: ḥazzān, plural ḥazzānim; Yiddish: חזן, romanized: khazn; Ladino: חזן, romanized: hasan) is a Jewish musician or precentor trained in the vocal arts who leads the congregation in songful Jewish prayer. In English, a hazzan is often referred to as a cantor, a term also used in Christianity.

An individual leading a Jewish congregation in public prayer is also called a sh'liaḥ tzibbur (Hebrew: שליח ציבור, lit. 'messenger of the public'). Any person is called a sh'liach tzibbur while leading prayer. However, the term hazzan more commonly refers to someone with formal specialized training in leading prayers or who is appointed to lead prayers regularly in a given synagogue without a formally trained hazzan.
Bibi Andersson
Berit Elisabet "Bibi" Andersson (Swedish: [ˈbɪ̂bːɪ ˈânːdɛˌʂɔn], 11 November 1935 – 14 April 2019) was a Swedish actress, best known for her frequent collaborations with filmmaker Ingmar Bergman. She received numerous accolades for her work, including four Guldbagge Awards (one for Best Actress and three for Best Supporting Actress), and Best Actress Awards from both the Cannes and Berlin film festivals.

Guldbagge Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
The Guldbagge for Best Actress in a Leading Role is a Swedish film award presented annually by the Swedish Film Institute (SFI) as part of the Guldbagge Awards (Swedish: "Guldbaggen") to actresses working in the Swedish motion picture industry.
United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards
The United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards (UNFSS) is an initiative with a steering committee of six United Nations Agencies – Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Trade Centre (ITC), UN Environment, UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), and the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is the secretariat of UNFSS. UNFSS headquarters are in Geneva.

International Trade Centre
The International Trade Centre (ITC) (French: Centre du commerce international (CCI)) is a multilateral agency which has a joint mandate with the
World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations (UN) through the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

The headquarters of the ITC are in Geneva, and the agency employs around 300 employees from over 80 different nationalities.
Rally.TV
Rally.TV is the over-the-top official media service provider of the World Rally Championship, European Rally Championship and World Rallycross Championship that jointly provided by WRC Promoter GmbH and Rallycross Promoter GmbH, distributed digitally on connected TVs, smartphones, tablets, and on its website. A total of four languages are available for commentary.

European Rally Championship
The European Rally Championship (officially FIA European Rally Championship) is an automobile rally competition held annually on the European continent and organized by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
The championship has been organized since 1953 and has competed in different European countries, alternating between rallies on asphalt and gravel. It was the first supranational rally championship that was organized in the world and therefore the oldest one. In 2012 it had 60 editions and in 2013 it was renewed with the merger with the Intercontinental Rally Challenge.
Ashover
Ashover is a village and civil parish in the English county of Derbyshire. It is in the North East Derbyshire district of the county. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 1,905, increasing to 1,959 for the 2021 census. It sits in a valley, not far from the town of Matlock and the Peak District national park.

Matlock, Derbyshire
Matlock is the county town of Derbyshire, England. It is in the south-eastern part of the Peak District, with the National Park directly to the west.  The spa resort of Matlock Bath is immediately south of the town as well as Cromford lying further south still. The civil parish of Matlock Town had a population in the 2021 UK census of 10,000.

Matlock is 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Chesterfield and in close reach of the cities of Derby (19 miles), Sheffield (20 miles) and Nottingham (29 miles). Matlock is within the Derbyshire Dales district and is the headquarters of Derbyshire County Council.
Women of Outstanding Achievement Photographic Exhibition
The Women of Outstanding Achievement Photographic Exhibition was an annual event organised by the UKRC between 2006 and 2012, when it was subsumed into the WISE Campaign awards. It comprised creative photographs of outstanding women within science, engineering and technology (SET). Between four and seven women were chosen each year to be photographed by Robert Taylor. Nominations occurred in the Autumn of each year and the recipients were announced at a ceremony in March of the following year.

Many of the portraits are on permanent loan to institutions such as the University of Oxford and The Royal Society;those of Joanna Kennedy, Julia King and Wendy Hall were hung in the Royal Academy of Engineering. The portrait of Nancy Rothwell was purchased by the National Portrait Gallery.

Nancy Rothwell
Dame Nancy Jane Rothwell DBE DL FRS FMedSci FRSB FBPhS MAE (born 2 October 1955) is a British physiologist. She served as president and vice-chancellor of the University of Manchester from 2010 to 2024, having deputised in both roles until January 2010.

Rothwell served as non-executive director of pharmaceuticals company AstraZeneca from 2006 to 2015. She also served as co-chair of the Council for Science and Technology, and past president of the Royal Society of Biology.

She served as Deputy Lieutenant of Greater Manchester and served as chair of the Russell Group from 2020 to 2023, which represents 24 of the research intensive universities in the UK. In March 2021, students at the University of Manchester passed a vote of no confidence in Rothwell due to her response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.
Ilia Tkachenko
Ilia Alexeyevich Tkachenko (Russian: Илья Алексеевич Ткаченко, born 26 December 1986) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. Skating for Russia with Ekaterina Riazanova, he became the 2010 Trophée Eric Bompard silver medalist, the 2012 Skate Canada International bronze medalist, and a three-time Russian national medalist. Competing with Isabella Tobias for Israel, he won four medals on the ISU Challenger Series.

ISU Challenger Series
The ISU Challenger Series is a series of ten international figure skating competitions sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU) and organized by ISU member nations. The series was introduced in 2014; its stated goal is to provide consistent organization and structure within a series of international competitions, as well as opportunities for senior-level skaters to compete at the international level while also earning World Standing points. The Nebelhorn Trophy, the Nepela Memorial, and the Golden Spin of Zagreb have been regular competitions in the series since the beginning, as was the Finlandia Trophy until 2024. Skaters and teams are eligible to compete in up to three Challenger Series events each season, and their top two scores are combined to calculate their total Challenger Series scores.