hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Redundant binary representation
A redundant binary representation (RBR) is a numeral system that uses more bits than needed to represent a single binary digit so that most numbers have several representations. An RBR is unlike usual binary numeral systems, including two's complement, which use a single bit for each digit. Many of an RBR's properties differ from those of regular binary representation systems. Most importantly, an RBR allows addition without using a typical carry. When compared to non-redundant representation, an RBR makes bitwise logical operation slower, but arithmetic operations are faster when a greater bit width is used. Usually, each digit has its own sign that is not necessarily the same as the sign of the number represented. When digits have signs, that RBR is also a signed-digit representation.

Bitwise operation
In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor. Most architectures provide only a few high value bitwise operations, presented as two-operand instructions where the result replaces one of the input operands.

On simple low-cost processors, typically, bitwise operations are substantially faster than division, several times faster than multiplication, and sometimes significantly faster than addition. While modern processors usually perform addition and multiplication just as fast as bitwise operations due to their longer instruction pipelines and other architectural design choices, bitwise operations do commonly use less power because of the reduced use of resources.
Rohitha Bogollagama
Chandrasekera Rohitha Bandara Bogollagama (born 6 August 1954) (known as Rohitha Bogollagama) (Sinhala: රෝහිත බෝගොල්ලාගම, Tamil: ரோகித போகோல்லாகம) is a Sri Lankan lawyer and politician. He is a former Governor of Eastern Province, having earlier served as the Cabinet Minister of Foreign Affairs from 28 January 2007 until he was defeated in the General Elections held on 8 April 2010, losing his seat in parliament.

He had a long career in law, from 1976 to 1999, before being elected to the Sri Lankan parliament in 2000 from the United National Party, and then crossed over to Sri Lanka Freedom Party, serving as the chief organiser for the Kotte Electorate.

As of 2025, Bogollagama was indicted in Sri Lanka on corruption charges related to his tenure as Investment Promotion Minister.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Sri Lanka)
The minister of foreign affairs is an appointment in the Cabinet of Sri Lanka who is responsible for overseeing the international diplomacy of the Government of Sri Lanka. The post was first created in 1947 as the minister of external affairs and defence, in 1977 the Ministry of External Affairs and Defence separated into two ministries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Defence. Prior to the separation of the post the minister of external affairs and defence was held by the prime minister since 1947, with a parliamentary secretary for defence and external affairs who was an elected parliamentarian and was the de facto foreign minister.
Kwame R. Brown
Kwame R. Brown (born October 13, 1970) is an American politician in Washington, D.C., who was an at-large member of the council from 2005 to 2011 and chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia from 2011 until his resignation in June 2012.

Council of the District of Columbia
The Council of the District of Columbia (or simply D.C. Council) is the legislative branch of the government of the District of Columbia. As permitted in the United States Constitution, the district is not part of any U.S. state and is overseen directly by the federal government.

Since 1975, the United States Congress has devolved to the Council certain powers that are typically exercised by city councils elsewhere in the country, as well as many powers normally held by state legislatures. However, the Constitution vests Congress with ultimate authority over the federal district, and therefore all acts of the council are subject to congressional review. They may be overturned by Congress and the president. Congress also has the power to legislate for the district and even revoke the home rule charter altogether.

The council meets in the John A. Wilson Building in downtown Washington, D.C.
Alabama's 1st congressional district
30°59′13.3″N 87°56′14.34″W﻿ / ﻿30.987028°N 87.9373167°W﻿ / 30.987028; -87.9373167

Alabama's 1st congressional district is a United States congressional district in Alabama, which elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It includes the entirety of Baldwin, Coffee,  Covington, Dale, Escambia, Geneva, Henry, and Houston counties, as well as parts of Mobile County.

It is currently represented by Republican Barry Moore.

Baldwin County, Alabama
Baldwin County is a  county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Alabama, on the Gulf coast. It is one of only two counties in Alabama that border the Gulf of Mexico, along with Mobile County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 231,767, making it the fourth-most populous county in Alabama. The county seat is Bay Minette. The county is named after the founder of the University of Georgia, Senator Abraham Baldwin.

Baldwin was Alabama's fastest-growing county from 2010 to 2020, with 4 of the top 10 fastest-growing cities in the state in recent years.

The U.S. federal government designates Baldwin County as the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area.

It is the largest county in Alabama by area and is located on the eastern side of Mobile Bay. Part of its western border with Mobile County is formed by the Spanish River, a brackish distributary river.
Oceanian Canadians
Oceanian Canadians are Canadians who were either born in or can trace their ancestry to Oceania. Oceanian Canadians can be further divided by ethnicity and/or nationality, such as Australian Canadian, New Zealand Canadians, and others, as seen on demi-decadal census data.

New Zealand Canadians
New Zealand Canadians are Canadian citizens of New Zealand descent or New Zealand-born people who reside in Canada. According to the 2016 Canadian Census there were 15,396 Canadians who claimed full or partial New Zealand ancestry.

Both are developed countries and share historical connections, language, similar customs and among others, they also have Charles III as their Head of State as both are also Commonwealth realms.
Bangalore Institute of Technology
Bangalore Institute of Technology is an Autonomous Engineering college offering Undergraduate and Postgraduate Engineering courses, Management Courses affiliated to the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi located in Bangalore. The institution came into being in August, 1979 under the auspices of Rajya Vokkaligara Sangha, Bengaluru.

Visvesvaraya Technological University
Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) is a collegiate public state university in Belagavi, Karnataka established by the Government of Karnataka. It came into existence in the year 1998. The university is named after Sir M. Visvesvaraya, an Indian civil engineer, statesman and the 19th Diwan of Mysore.
Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2 AFA, Dundigal
Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2 AFA is a school situated in Air Force Academy, Dundigul, near Hyderabad, India. It is run by the Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, an autonomous body formed by the Indian Ministry of Human Resource Development.

The Vidyalaya has classes from 1 to 12 with Science stream at 10+2 level. The Vidyalaya is affiliated to the CBSE and follows the 10+2 pattern of education. Apart from the teaching learning process, the students take part in co-curricular activities, sports and games, club activities, work experience, Scouts and Guides, computer education, vocational training, adventure programmes and value education.

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan
The Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) (transl. Central Schools Organisation (CSO)) is a system of central government schools in India. Governed by the Ministry of Education, Government of India. As of April 2025, it has a total of 1,257 schools  in India, and three abroad, in Kathmandu, Moscow and Tehran. It is one of the world's largest chains of schools and the largest chain of schools in India. It is controlled by 25 Regional Offices and 05 ZIETs (Zonal Institute of Education and Training) under the KVS headquarters.

In April 2022, the Centre decided to remove an MP quota for KV students, invalidating parliamentarians' recommendations for admission to the schools.
Reciprocal rule
In calculus, the reciprocal rule gives the derivative of the reciprocal of a function f in terms of the derivative of f. The reciprocal rule can be used to show that the power rule holds for negative exponents if it has already been established for positive exponents. Also, one can readily deduce the quotient rule from the reciprocal rule and the product rule.

The reciprocal rule states that if f is differentiable at a point x and f(x) ≠ 0 then g(x) = 1/f(x) is also differentiable at x and

Product rule
In calculus, the product rule (or Leibniz rule or Leibniz product rule) is a formula used to find the derivatives of products of two or more functions. For two functions, it may be stated in Lagrange's notation as  or in Leibniz's notation as

The rule may be extended or generalized to products of three or more functions, to a rule for higher-order derivatives of a product, and to other contexts.
Paul Waggoner
Paul Andrew Waggoner (born February 10, 1979) is an American musician who is the lead guitarist of the progressive metal band Between the Buried and Me. A fan of progressive music, he is heavily inspired by John Petrucci, Pat Metheny, Allan Holdsworth and Steve Vai, amongst others. Despite his mostly metal and jazz influential background, he has also listed Weezer front man Rivers Cuomo as one of his first guitar idols, as well as Green Day. He also played guitar in the metalcore band Prayer for Cleansing, as well as live guitar, as needed, for Lamb of God between 2010 and 2014.

John Petrucci
John Peter Petrucci (born July 12, 1967) is an American guitarist, best known as a founding member of the progressive metal band Dream Theater. He produced or co-produced (often with Mike Portnoy before Portnoy's absence from the band 2010-2023) all of Dream Theater's albums from Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory (1999), and has been the sole producer of the band's albums released since A Dramatic Turn of Events (2011). Petrucci has also released two solo albums: Suspended Animation (2005) and Terminal Velocity (2020).
Gutob language
The Gutob or Bodo Gadaba language is a south Munda language of the Austroasiatic language family of India, with the greatest concentrations of speakers being found in Koraput district of Odisha and Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. It is also known simply as the Gadaba language, but it is different from the Dravidian Gadaba language. Other names for the Bodo Gadaba language include Gadba, Gutop, Gudwa, Godwa, Gadwa, and Boi Gadaba.

Ollari language
The Ollari language (IPA: [olːɐri], also known as Pottangi Ollar Gadaba, Ollar Gadaba, Ollaro, Hallari, Allar, Hollar Gadbas) is a Central Dravidian language. A closely related variety is Kondekor (also known as Gadaba, San Gadaba, Gadba, Sano, Kondekar, Kondkor, Konḍekor Gadaba, Mudhili Gadaba). The two have been treated either as dialects, or as separate languages. They are spoken in and around Pottangi, Koraput district, Odisha and in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sathupati Prasanna Sree has developed a unique script for use with the language.
Mohammed Salim (politician)
Mohammed Salim (born 5 June 1957) is an Indian politician who is the State Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) West Bengal State Committee. In 2015, he was inducted into the Politburo of CPI(M) at the 21st Party Congress held in Visakhapatnam. He was a member of the 16th Lok Sabha, representing Raiganj. Earlier, he was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha, representing the Calcutta North East constituency of West Bengal. After delimitation, in the 2009 Lok Sabha election, Salim contested the new Calcutta North constituency and lost to Sudip Bandyopadhyay of the Trinamool Congress. He participated in the 2024 Indian general election as a candidate from the Left Front representing the Murshidabad Lok Sabha constituency.

Sudip Bandyopadhyay
Sudip Bandyopadhyay (born 6 January 1949) is an Indian politician and a Member of Parliament. Sudip Bandyopadhyay has been a member of the Lok Sabha for five terms, serving in the 12th, 13th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th Lok Sabhas. He represents the Kolkata Uttar constituency of West Bengal. He is the leader of Trinamool Congress political party in Lok Sabha.
Arkansas Highway 385
Arkansas Highway 385 is a designation for two state highways in White County, Arkansas. One segment of 8.98 miles (14.45 km) runs from Highway 11 in Griffithville north to Highway 36 in Kensett. A second segment of 6.23 miles (10.03 km) runs from Highway 367 in Judsonia to Highway 157 at Plainview.

Arkansas Highway 367
Arkansas Highway 367 (AR 367) is a designation for two state highways in Arkansas. One segment of 15.03 miles (24.19 km) runs from U.S. Route 167 (US 167) at East End north to US 70 in Little Rock. A second segment of 81.52 miles (131.19 km) runs from Interstate 57 (I-57) in Cabot north to US 412B in Walnut Ridge.
Unenlagia
Unenlagia (meaning "half-bird" in Latinized Mapudungun) is a genus of unenlagiine theropod dinosaur that lived in South America during the Late Cretaceous period. The genus Unenlagia has been assigned two species: U. comahuensis, the type species described by Novas and Puerta in 1997, and U. paynemili, described by Calvo et al. in 2004.

Unenlagiinae
Unenlagiinae is a subfamily of long-snouted paravian theropods. They are traditionally considered to be members of Dromaeosauridae, though some authors place them into their own family, Unenlagiidae, sometimes alongside the subfamily Halszkaraptorinae.

Definitive members are known from the Late Cretaceous of South America,  though some researchers include taxa from other continents within this subfamily based on phylogenetic analyses. Two probable unenlagiine specimens (NMV P257601, NMV P180889) from the upper Strzelecki Group (Aptian) and Eumeralla Formation (lower Albian) of Australia might potentially extend their known fossil range to the Early Cretaceous, and Kakuru, which is considered a maniraptoran, might be an unenlagiine as well. Imperobator from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica, previously considered enigmatic, has also been recently interpreted as an unenlagiine.
188th (2/1st Northumberland) Brigade
The 188th (2/1st Northumberland) Brigade was formed in 1915 as a 2nd Line infantry brigade of the British Army's Territorial Force.  It commanded four battalions of the Northumberland Fusiliers in the Home Defence role.  It was broken up in November 1916 as its battalions were posted away.

Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was an infantry regiment of the British Army. Raised in 1674 as one of three 'English' units in the Dutch Anglo-Scots Brigade, it accompanied William III to England in the November 1688 Glorious Revolution and became part of the English establishment in 1689.

In 1751, it became the 5th Regiment of Foot, with the regional title 'Northumberland' added in 1782; in 1836,  it was designated a Fusilier unit and became the 5th (Northumberland Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot.

After the 1881 Childers Reforms, it adopted the title Northumberland Fusiliers, then Royal Northumberland Fusiliers on 3 June 1935. In 1968, it was amalgamated with the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment), the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and Lancashire Fusiliers to form the present Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.
Nara Lokesh
Nara Lokesh (born 23 January 1983) is an Indian politician currently serving as the Minister for Information Technology, Electronics and Communications, Real Time Governance and Human Resources Development in the Government of Andhra Pradesh. He is also the General Secretary of the Telugu Desam Party (TDP). He is the son of N. Chandrababu Naidu, the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and President of the TDP. He previously served as the Minister for Panchayat Raj and Rural Development, and Information Technology, Electronics and Communications from 2017 to 2019, following his election as a Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) in 2017.

In the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, Lokesh unsuccessfully contested as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the Mangalagiri Assembly constituency. In the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, he was elected as an MLA for Mangalagiri.

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
Stanton Frederick Kalk
Stanton Frederick Kalk (14 October 1894 – 6 December 1917) was an officer in the United States Navy during World War I.  He received the Navy's Distinguished Service Medal for his actions after his ship was torpedoed by a German submarine.

Navy Distinguished Service Medal
The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military decoration of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919 and is presented to Sailors and Marines to recognize distinguished and exceptionally meritorious service to the United States while serving in a duty or position of great responsibility.

Navy Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Army's Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. The Navy Distinguished Service Medal was originally senior to the Navy Cross, until August 1942 when the precedence of the two decorations was reversed.  Currently, it is worn after the Defense Distinguished Service Medal and before the Silver Star Medal.
Iroquois Falls Storm
The Iroquois Falls Storm are a Canadian Junior "A" Hockey team based out of Iroquois Falls, Ontario, Canada.  They currently play in the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League and are former members of the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League.  The team was originally known as the Elliot Lake Bobcats in Elliot Lake, Ontario, until the 2014–15 season;  where they moved to Cochrane, Ontario as the Cochrane Crunch until their move to Iroquois Falls in 2023. The Storm are the third NOJHL franchise to be located in Iroquois Falls after the Iroquois Falls Jr. Eskis/Abitibi Eskimos (1999-2015) and Iroquois Falls Eskis (2015-17).

Hearst Lumberjacks
The Hearst Lumberjacks are a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Hearst, Ontario, Canada.  They are a part of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League (NOJHL).  As the Powassan Hawks, the team won two Dudley Hewitt Cups (1992 and 1993).
Apache CarbonData
Apache CarbonData is a free and open-source column-oriented data storage format of the Apache Hadoop ecosystem. It is similar to the other columnar-storage file formats available in Hadoop namely RCFile and ORC. It is compatible with most of the data processing frameworks in the Hadoop environment. It provides efficient data compression and encoding schemes with enhanced performance to handle complex data in bulk.

Apache Hadoop
Apache Hadoop (/həˈduːp/) is a collection of open-source software utilities for reliable, scalable, distributed computing. It provides a software framework for distributed storage and processing of big data using the MapReduce programming model. Hadoop was originally designed for computer clusters built from commodity hardware, which is still the common use. It has since also found use on clusters of higher-end hardware. All the modules in Hadoop are designed with a fundamental assumption that hardware failures are common occurrences and should be automatically handled by the framework.
Shalom Auslander
Shalom Auslander (born 1970) is an American novelist, memoirist, and essayist. He grew up in a strict Orthodox Jewish neighborhood of Monsey, New York, where he describes himself as having been "raised like a veal". His writing style is notable for its existentialist themes, biting satire and black humor. His nonfiction often draws comparisons to David Sedaris, while his fiction has drawn comparisons to Franz Kafka, Samuel Beckett, and Groucho Marx. His books have been translated into over a dozen languages and are published around the world.

David Sedaris
David Raymond Sedaris (/sɪˈdɛərɪs/ sih-DAIR-iss; born December 26, 1956) is an American humorist, comedian, author, and radio contributor. He was publicly recognized in 1992 when National Public Radio broadcast his essay "Santaland Diaries". He published his first collection of essays and short stories, Barrel Fever, in 1994. His next book, Naked (1997), became his first of a series of New York Times Bestsellers, and his 2000 collection Me Talk Pretty One Day won the Thurber Prize for American Humor.

Much of Sedaris's humor is autobiographical and self-deprecating and often concerns his family life, his middle-class upbringing in the suburbs of Raleigh, North Carolina, his Greek heritage, homosexuality, jobs, education, drug use, and obsessive behaviors, as well as his life in France, London, New York, and the South Downs in England. He is the brother and writing collaborator of actress Amy Sedaris.

In 2019, Sedaris was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Peter John Holiday
Peter John Holiday (born 11 January 1952) is a South African Catholic prelate who was the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kroonstad, in the  Ecclesiastical Metropolitan Province of Bloemfontein, in the Republic of South Africa from 1 April 2011 until his health-related resignation on 12 December 2022. He was appointed bishop on 1 April 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI and was consecrated on 25 June 2011 by Jabulani Adatus Nxumalo, Archbishop of Bloemfontein. Before that, from 10 December 1992 until 1 April 2011, he was a priest of the Catholic Archdiocese of Johannesburg. Pope Francis accepted the resignation of Bishop Peter John Holiday on 12 December 2022 due to the bishop's ill health.

Jabulani Adatus Nxumalo
Jabulani Adatus Nxumalo O.M.I. (born 27 January 1944) is a South African Catholic prelate who served as the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bloemfontein, in South Africa. He was appointed to that position on 10 October 2005. His age-related retirement took effect on 1 April 2020. Before that, from 8 July 2002 until 10 October 2005, he was auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Durban in South Africa. He was appointed bishop on 8 July 2002 by Pope John Paul II. He concurrently served as Titular Bishop of Ficus while auxiliary bishop. He was consecrated at Durban on 25 August 2002 by Wilfrid Fox Napier, Archbishop of Durban. On 10 October 2005, Pope Benedict XVI transferred him to the Archdiocese of Bloemfontein and appointed him Archbishop over that Ecclesiastical Metropolitan Province. On 1 April 2020, he retired at the age of 76. He is a professed member of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate.