hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heritage Square station
Heritage Square station is an at-grade light rail station on the A Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located at the intersection of French Avenue and Pasadena Avenue in the western Montecito Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles.

The station is named after the nearby Heritage Square Museum and is located in the lower Arroyo Seco valley between the San Rafael Hills and Mount Washington. It is adjacent to the Arroyo Seco Parkway (also known as California State Route 110 and the Pasadena Freeway).

Heritage Square station opened on July 26, 2003, as part of the original Gold Line, then known as the "Pasadena Metro Blue Line" project.

Heritage Square Museum
Heritage Square Museum is a living history and open-air architecture museum located beside the Arroyo Seco Parkway in the Montecito Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, in the southern Arroyo Seco area. The living history museum shows the story of development in Southern California through historical architectural examples.

The museum focuses on interpreting the years 1850 to 1950, a century of unprecedented growth in Los Angeles. Volunteer interpreters give thorough tours that incorporate the history, architecture, and culture of the region. Other specialized living history events, lectures, and items of historical interest are given on a periodic basis.
Mark Levine (Virginia politician)
Mark H. Levine (born May 7, 1966) is an American politician and attorney who served as the Delegate from the 45th District of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2016 to 2022. A member of the Democratic Party, he simultaneously ran for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in the 2021 election and for reelection as a Delegate on June 8, 2021, but lost in the Democratic primaries to Hala Ayala and Elizabeth Bennett-Parker, respectively.

Levine is a constitutional lawyer who was an early advocate for same-sex marriage in the United States. He has hosted a nationally syndicated progressive public policy radio program and has worked as a television pundit.

Levine was the third openly gay person and third openly LGBT person elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and the Virginia General Assembly (after Adam Ebbin and Mark Sickles).

Hala Ayala
Hala Sophia Ayala (born April 23, 1973) is an American politician who served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates for the 51st district from 2018 to 2022. She was the Democratic nominee in the 2021 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election, losing to Republican nominee Winsome Earle-Sears. Ayala was also a candidate for Virginia State Senate in the 33rd district, losing the Democratic primary to Jennifer Carroll Foy on June 20, 2023.
SNADS
SNADS or Systems Network Architecture Distribution Services is an "asynchronous
distribution service that can store data for delayed delivery."

SNADS uses SNA data links to allow messages and objects to be sent from system to system using the APPC protocol. It is a very robust service: once an object has been accepted by SNADS it will get to its destination. If the communication link is unavailable (down), the transmission will be held on the sending system until the link is available, at which time it is sent. If the transmission is interrupted, it will be resumed or re-sent once the communication problem is resolved.

SNADS is available on several IBM platforms, including IBM i, the AS/400 or System/38.  Microsoft  Exchange Server 5.5 Enterprise Edition includes a gateway called SNA Distribution Services (SNADS) Connector for communication with SNADS networks.

Systems Network Architecture
Systems Network Architecture (SNA) is IBM's proprietary networking architecture, created in 1974. It is a complete protocol stack for interconnecting computers and their resources. SNA describes formats and protocols but, in itself, is not a piece of software. The implementation of SNA takes the form of various communications packages, most notably Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (VTAM), the mainframe software package for SNA communications.
Mānoa, Hawaii
21°18.87916′N 157°48.4846′W﻿ / ﻿21.31465267°N 157.8080767°W﻿ / 21.31465267; -157.8080767

Mānoa or Mānoa Valley (/ˈmɑːnoʊə/, informally /mɑːˈnoʊə/) is a valley and residential neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii. The neighborhood is approximately three miles (5 km) east and inland from downtown Honolulu and less than a mile (1600 m) from Ala Moana and Waikīkī.

Waikīkī
Waikīkī  (/ˌwaɪkɪˈkiː/; Hawaiian: [wɐjˈkiːkiː, vɐjˈtiːtiː]) is a Honolulu neighborhood and the eponymous Waikīkī beach on its south shore, on the island of Oʻahu in the U.S. state of Hawaii. (Despite situational use of the spelling "Waikiki", typically in materials aimed at tourists, the spelling "Waikīkī" is official and common.)

Waikīkī Beach is one of six beaches in the district, along with Queen's Beach, Kuhio Beach, Gray's Beach, Fort DeRussy Beach, and Kahanamoku Beach. The sandy beach is almost entirely man-made.

Waikīkī (Hawaii) is home to public places including Kapiʻolani Park, Fort DeRussy, Kahanamoku Lagoon, Kūhiō Beach Park, and Ala Wai Harbor. Waikīkī was the first capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1795 to 1796.
European Championship Tour 2003
The 2003 European Championship Tour (or the 2003 European Beach Volleyball Tour) was the European beach volleyball tour for 2003. This was the first year of the European Championship Tour.

The 2003 tour consisted of three tournaments with both genders, including the 2003 Championship Final.

2003 European Beach Volleyball Championships
The 2003 European Beach Volleyball Championships were held from August 29 to September 1, 2003 in Alanya, Turkey. It was the eleventh official edition of the men's event, which started in 1993, while the women competed for the tenth time. For the first time the event was incorporated in the new CEV European Beach Volleyball Tour, a combined Grand Prix of three tournaments. The first one was staged in Zagreb, Croatia (June 20 to June 22), the second one in Rethymnon, Greece (July 9 to July 13).
Krishnarao Phulambrikar
Krishnaji Ganesh Phulambrikar (1898–1974), popularly known as Master Krishnarao, was a musical genius - an Indian vocalist, classical musician and composer of Hindustani music. He was credited with the creation of three Hindustani ragas and several bandishes. Phulambrikar, a recipient of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, was also the music composer of several movies, including Dharmatma, a 1935 Hindi film starring Bal Gandharva, a renowned Marathi singer and Padosi, a 1941 directorial venture of V. Shantaram. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1971, for his contributions to music.

Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
The Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, also known as Akademi Ratna Sadasyata, is an Indian honour for the performing arts presented by Sangeet Natak Akademi. It is "the most prestigious and rare honour" conferred by the Akademi and is "restricted to 40 individuals at any given time".
Mutasarrif
Mutasarrif, mutesarrif, mutasarriff, or mutesarriff (Ottoman Turkish: متصرّف, romanized: mutasarrıf, lit. 'plenipotentiary') was the title used in the Ottoman Empire and places like post-Ottoman Iraq for the governor of an administrative district in place of the usual sanjakbey. The Ottoman rank of mutasarrif was established as part of a 1864 reform, and its holder was appointed directly by the Sultan.

The administrative district under his authority, the mutasarrifate (mutasarriflık), was officially called a sanjak (سنجاق) in Turkish or liwa (لواء) in Arabic and Persian. A mutasarrif was subordinate to a wali or governor-general of a province, while being of superior rank to a kaymakam.

Wali (administrative title)
Wāli, Wā'lī or vali (from Arabic: والي Wālī) is an administrative title that was used in the Muslim world (including the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates and the Ottoman Empire) to designate governors of administrative divisions. It is still in use in some countries influenced by Arab or Muslim culture. The division that a Wāli governs is called Wilayah, or Vilayet (Ottoman Empire).
Fuheis
Fuheis (Arabic: الفحيص) is a Christian majority town in the central Jordanian governorate of Balqa. It lies in between Salt and Amman, at a distance of 6 and 13 kilometers respectively. .

The population of Fuheis was estimated to be 21,908 in 2021, 87% are Jordanian citizens, 95% are Christians, and with a male-to-female ratio of 52:48.

According to a national census in 2015, the population was 18,916, there were 4,658 households in the town with an average of 4.06 persons per household, lower than the national average of 4.82 persons per household. The population of Fuheis increases in the summer, as many of the town's residents who have emigrated to the United States and Europe return for their summer vacations. The town's elevation renders it cool enough to spend the summer comfortably.

Fuheis is also famous for its traditional habits from singing and dancing (dabke), and for depending on its farms.

As-Salt
As-Salt (Arabic: السلط As-Salt), also known as Salt, is an ancient trading city and administrative centre in west-central Jordan. It is on the old main highway leading from Amman to Jerusalem. Situated in the Balqa highland, about 790–1,100 metres above sea level, the city is built in the crook of three hills, close to the Jordan Valley. One of the three hills, Jabal al-Qal'a, is the site of a 13th-century ruined fortress. It is the capital of Balqa Governorate of Jordan.

The Greater Salt Municipality has about 107,874 inhabitants (2018).

In 2021, the city of Salt was inscribed at the UNESCO World Heritage list.
Sustainment Center of Excellence
The U.S. Army Sustainment Center of Excellence (SCoE) [pronounced sko or sko-e] is a subordinate organization under the U.S. Army Combined Arms Support Command (CASCOM) at Fort Lee, Virginia. Its mission is to oversee and coordinate the functions of the 5 sustainment branches of the Army (Quartermaster Corps, Ordnance Corps, Transportation Corps, Adjutant General Corps, Finance Corps) and the Army Sustainment University. The CASCOM commander is dual-hatted as the commander of SCoE.

Transportation Corps
The Transportation Corps is a combat service support branch of the U.S. Army.  It is responsible for the movement of personnel and material by truck, rail, air, and sea.  It is one of three U.S. Army logistics branches, the others being the Quartermaster Corps and the Ordnance Corps. The Corps was established in its current form on 31 July 1942, with predecessor services dating back to the American Civil War. The Transportation Corps is currently headquartered at Fort Lee, Virginia. The officer in charge of the branch for doctrine, training, and professional development purposes is the Chief of Transportation (CoT) and Commandant of the US Army Transportation School, currently held by BG Beth A. Behn. The Corps's motto is "Nothing Happens Until Something Moves".
Ninjatitan
Ninjatitan (meaning "Ninja giant") is an exinct genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian–Valanginian age) Bajada Colorada Formation of Argentina. The genus contains a single species, Ninjatitan zapatai, which was named and described in 2021 based on a partial postcranial skeleton discovered in 2014. Its generic name comes from "El Ninja", a nickname of Argentine palaeontologist Sebastian Apesteguia, and the specific name comes from technician Rogelio Zapata.

When it was named in 2021, Ninjatitan was identified as the oldest titanosaur known, although subsequent research has cast doubt on this interpretation, as the Russian Tengrisaurus is comparable in age and more conclusively titanosaurian.

Tengrisaurus
Tengrisaurus (meaning "Tengri lizard") is an extinct genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur known from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) Murtoi Formation of Russia. The genus was described in 2017 by Averianov & Skutschas, containing a single species, Tengrisaurus starkovi, known from several isolated vertebrae. Despite being among the oldest named definitive titanosaurs, it is an anatomically derived member of the clade Colossosauria.
Paweł Pawlikowski
Paweł Aleksander Pawlikowski (Polish: [ˈpavɛw alɛˈksandɛr pavliˈkɔfskʲi]; born 15 September 1957) is a Polish filmmaker. He garnered early praise for a string of documentaries in the 1990s and for his award-winning feature films of the 2000s, Last Resort (2000) and My Summer of Love (2004). His success continued into the 2010s with Ida (2013), which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and Cold War (2018), for which Pawlikowski won the Best Director prize at the Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, while the film received a nomination for Best Foreign Language Film.

Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director
The Best Director Award (French: Prix de la mise en scène) is an award presented annually at the Cannes Film Festival since 1946. It is given for the best achievement in directing and is chosen by the International Jury from the films in the Competition slate at the festival.

At the 1st Cannes Film Festival held in 1946, René Clément was the first winner of this award for his work on The Battle of the Rails, and Kleber Mendonça Filho is the most recent winner in this category for his work on The Secret Agent at the 78th Cannes Film Festival in 2025.
Audience design
Audience design is a sociolinguistic model formulated by Herb Clark and Gregory Murphy in 1982  and later elaborated by Allan Bell in 1984 which proposes that linguistic style-shifting occurs primarily in response to a speaker's audience. According to this model, speakers adjust their speech primarily towards that of their audience in order to express solidarity or intimacy with them, or away from their audience's speech to express distance.

Style (sociolinguistics)
In sociolinguistics, a style is a set of linguistic variants with specific social meanings. In this context, social meanings can include group membership, personal attributes, or beliefs. Linguistic variation is at the heart of the concept of linguistic style—without variation, there is no basis for distinguishing social meanings. Variation can occur syntactically, lexically, and phonologically.

Many approaches to interpreting and defining style incorporate the concepts of indexicality, indexical order, stance-taking, and linguistic ideology. A style is not a fixed attribute of a speaker. Rather, a speaker may use different styles depending on context. Additionally, speakers often incorporate elements of multiple styles into their speech, either consciously or subconsciously, thereby creating a new style.
Sapo language
The Sapo language, also known as Sarpo or Southern Krahn, is a Kru language of the Niger–Congo language family. It is spoken in eastern Liberia, primarily in Grand Gedeh County and Sinoe County, by the Sapo people. Its dialects include: Juarzon, Kabade (Karbardae), Nomopo (Nimpo), Putu, Sinkon (Senkon), and Waya (Wedjah).

Krahn people
The Krahn are an ethnic group of Liberia and Ivory Coast. This group belongs to the Kru language family and its people are sometimes referred to as the Wee, Guéré, Sapo, or Wobe. It is likely that Western contact with the Kru language is the primary reason for the development of these different names.
Saunders-Roe Duchess
The Saunders-Roe Duchess also known as the model P.131 was a British design for a large jet-powered flying boat envisaged by Saunders-Roe, based in Cowes on the Isle of Wight.

The Duchess had been intended to follow on from the propeller-driven Princess and drew heavily upon its design. Being larger than preceding commercial flying boats, as well as the novel use of jet engines for such a vehicle, Saunders-Roe promoted the Duchess as representing the next generation of flying boats to various civilian airlines. During the early 1950s, it was also promoted for military applications such as aerial reconnaissance and military transport duties, as had been the Princess. An even larger flying boat, the Saunders-Roe Queen, was also proposed around the same time. Unlike the Princess, however, no examples of the Duchess ever flew; attempts to garner interest in the concept never resulted in any orders being placed for the type, thus it never left the drawing board.

Saunders-Roe Queen
The Saunders-Roe P.192 Queen was a British jet-powered seaplane project designed by Saunders-Roe after the Second World War. It was intended for the carriage of passengers on intercontinental flights, especially between Great Britain and Australia. No prototype was built because of a lack of funding.
26th Alabama Infantry Regiment
The 26th Alabama Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Confederate States Army regiment during the American Civil War. The regiment was composed of ten companies that came from various counties across Alabama. It is one of the few regiments that served both in the Army of Northern Virginia and Army of Tennessee.

It is not to be confused with another 26th Alabama (Coltart's) which was formed around the same time in Mississippi; that unit being renumbered as the 50th Alabama Infantry Regiment on June 6, 1863.

Army of Tennessee
The Army of Tennessee was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Named for the Confederate state of Tennessee, It was formed late in 1862 in Tennessee and fought until the end of the civil war, participating in most of the significant battles in the Western Theater.
Heleophryne
Heleophryne is a genus of ghost frogs. They are known from mountainous regions of South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini.

One member of the genus, the Table Mountain ghost frog (H. rosei) is considered an EDGE species.

Rose's ghost frog
Rose's ghost frog (Heleophryne rosei), or Table Mountain ghost frog, is a species of frog in the family Heleophrynidae endemic to South Africa. It is a medium-sized species with purple or brown blotches on a pale green background and large discs on its fingers and toes. It has a very restricted range, being only known from the slopes of parts of Table Mountain. The tadpoles live in permanent streams but these are in danger of drying up because of the establishment of pine plantations. Because of its small range and changes in its habitat, this frog is listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
New Mexico Muslim killings
In Albuquerque, New Mexico, four Muslim men were killed between November 2021 and August 2022 in a series of ambush shootings. Albuquerque police initially investigated the killings as a possible hate crime. Muhammad Atif Syed, a 51-year-old Afghan-American man, was arrested as the suspect on August 9, 2022. Authorities were also seeking to detain his son on August 14, 2022. Syed has been convicted in one of the murders in March 2024, and pleaded no contest in other two in September 2024. His son has not been charged in any murder.

Afghan Americans
Afghan Americans are Americans with ancestry from Afghanistan. They form the largest Afghan community in North America. Afghan Americans may originate from any of the ethnic groups in Afghanistan.

The Afghan community in the United States was minimal until large numbers were admitted as refugees following the December 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Others have arrived similarly during and after the latest war in Afghanistan. Afghan Americans reside and work all across the United States. The states of California, Virginia and New York historically had the largest number of Afghan Americans. Thousands may also be found in the states of Arizona, Texas, Georgia, Colorado,  Washington, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Missouri, North Carolina, Maryland and Illinois.
1829 in Russia
Events from the year 1829 in Russia

The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 resulted from the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1829; war broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to Russian ships and in November 1827 revoked the 1826 Akkerman Convention in retaliation for the participation of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Battle of Navarino of October 1827.

Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 resulted from the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1829; war broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to  Russian ships and in November 1827 revoked the 1826 Akkerman Convention
in retaliation for the participation of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Battle of Navarino of October 1827.

The Ottoman Empire had bloodily abolished its centuries-old regular army, the Janissary Corps, in 1826. A year later, Great Britain, France, and Russia jointly raided the Ottoman Navy at Navarino. When war broke out between the Ottomans and Russia in 1828, the Ottomans possessed neither a regular army nor a navy. After suffering several defeats, both in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, the Sultan decided to sue for peace, which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Adrianople on 14 September 1829.
Phantasm: Ravager
Phantasm: Ravager (sometimes stylised as Phantasm: RaVager, and also known as Phantasm V: Ravager) is a 2016 American science fantasy action horror film written and directed by David Hartman. The film stars A. Michael Baldwin, Reggie Bannister, and Angus Scrimm in his final appearance as the Tall Man. It serves as a sequel to Phantasm IV: Oblivion (1998) and is the fifth and final installment in the Phantasm franchise. It marks the only film in the series not directed by Don Coscarelli, although he acts as producer and cowriter.

Phantasm (franchise)
Phantasm is an American horror film series consisting of five films, as well as novels, comic books and merchandise. The first film, titled Phantasm, was released in 1979, received generally positive reviews and has garnered a cult following. It is mainly about the Tall Man (played by Angus Scrimm), a supernatural and malevolent undertaker and the main antagonist who turns the dead into dwarf zombies to do his bidding and take over the world. He is opposed by a young boy, Mike Pearson (A. Michael Baldwin), who tries to convince his older brother Jody (Bill Thornbury) and family friend Reggie (Reggie Bannister) of the threat.
Oiceoptoma thoracicum
Oiceoptoma thoracicum, the red-breasted carrion beetle, is a species of carrion beetle in the family Silphidae. It is found in the Palearctic. As a carrion beetle, this species is a generalist that can have importance in forensic entomology. Larval survival to adulthood occurs most often if the beetles are fed pork compared to beef or chicken.

Silphidae
Silphidae is a subfamily of Staphlinidae beetles that are also known commonly as large carrion beetles, carrion beetles or burying beetles. There are two tribes: Silphini and Nicrophorini. Members of Nicrophorini are sometimes known as burying beetles or sexton beetles. The number of species is relatively small, at around two hundred. They are more diverse in the temperate region although a few tropical endemics are known. Both tribes feed on decaying organic matter such as dead animals. The tribes differ in which uses parental care and which types of carcasses they prefer. Silphini are considered to be of importance to forensic entomologists because when they are found on a decaying body they are used to help estimate a post-mortem interval.