hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Red Wall Caucus
The Red Wall Caucus is a British political caucus and pressure group of backbench Labour MPs who represent red wall seats in the House of Commons. Led by Bassetlaw MP Jo White, the caucus was formed in November 2024 and has 43 members as of May 2025.

The Red Wall Caucus mainly focuses on opposing immigration, with the group arguing that immigration is opposed by the British people. It believes that opposing immigration is necessary to prevent the loss of red wall Labour voters to the anti-immigration right-wing populist party Reform UK, which has gained support in the region as a protest to high immigration numbers under previous Conservative governments. The group also focuses on issues which it sees as affecting Labour's traditional working class voter base in particular, such as the cost-of-living crisis, anti-social behaviour and crime, access to GPs and welfare benefits.

Caucus
A caucus is a group or meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. The exact definition varies between different countries and political cultures.

The term originated in the United States, where it can refer to a meeting of members of a political party to nominate candidates, plan policy, etc., in the United States Congress, or other similar representative organs of government. It has spread to certain Commonwealth countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, where it generally refers to a regular meeting of all members of Parliament (MPs) who belong to a parliamentary party: a party caucus may have the ability to elect or dismiss the party's parliamentary leader. The term was used historically in the United Kingdom to refer to the Liberal Party's internal system of management and control.
Catholic probabilism
In Catholic moral theology, probabilism provides a way of answering the question about what to do when one does not know what to do. Probabilism proposes that one can follow an authoritative opinion regarding whether an act may be performed morally, even though the opposite opinion is more probable. (An opinion is probable when, because of intrinsic or extrinsic arguments, it is able to gain the assent of many prudent men.) It was first formulated in 1577 by Bartholomew Medina, OP, who taught at Salamanca.

Bartolomé de Medina (theologian)
Bartolomé de Medina,  O.P. (1527 – 1580) was a Spanish theologian born in Medina de Rioseco, Spain. A member of the Dominican Order and a student of Francisco de Vitoria, he was professor of theology at the University of Salamanca and a member of the School of Salamanca. He is best known as the originator of the doctrine of probabilism in moral theology, which holds that one may follow a course of action that has some probability, even if the opposite is more probable.
Uttarakhand Sampark Kranti Express
Uttaranchal Sampark Kranti Express is a Sampark Kranti Express train which connects Delhi to Ramnagar and Kathgodam of Uttarakhand state in India. The train runs daily via Moradabad, then split into two trains, one is for Ramnagar and another for Kathgodam. It is the shortest-running Sampark Kranti Express of Indian Railways.

Moradabad Junction railway station
Moradabad railway station is located in Moradabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and serves Moradabad, which is known for its brassware industries. Moradabad is a major railway station of Western Uttar Pradesh and is located just 157 kilometres (98 mi) from national capital New Delhi. Moradabad also has the divisional headquarters of the Northern Railway. Rajdhani, Shatabdi, Garib Rath Express, Double Decker Express and many Superfast Express trains pass through and stop at Moradabad Junction.
Khan al-Assal massacre
The Khan al-Assal Massacre (Arabic: مجزرة خان العسل, romanized: Majzara Ḵān al-ʿAsal) was committed during the Syrian Civil War by Syrian rebels after the capture of Khan al-Assal, a town about 14 kilometers west of the city of Aleppo, by the armed opposition on 22 July 2013. Opposition activists attributed the massacre to the jihadist group Al-Nusra Front – then al-Qaeda's main Syrian branch – and the Ansar al-Khilafa Brigade, and said that 51 government soldiers who had surrendered had been executed. Government media said that Islamists including the al-Khalifa Brigade had killed 123 people, the majority of them civilians.

Ansar al-Khilafah
Ansar al-Khilafah was an armed rebel group participating in the Syrian Civil War against the Syrian government and its allies. The group was founded in the Aleppo Governorate by five local Al-Nusra units and upon its foundation declared allegiance to Hizb ut-Tahrir.
Bates Technical College
Bates Technical College is a public technical college in Tacoma, Washington. The college offers Associate of Applied Science degrees, academic certificates, and industry certifications. Bates is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

Bates operates three campuses in Tacoma, occupying a total of approximately 650,000 square feet (60,000 m2) of classrooms, shops, meeting rooms, and offices.

Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.
Tyon Grant-Foster
Tyon Grant-Foster (born March 5, 2000) is an American college basketball player for the Gonzaga Bulldogs of the West Coast Conference (WCC). He previously played for the Indian Hills Warriors, Kansas Jayhawks, DePaul Blue Demons, and Grand Canyon Antelopes.

Indian Hills Community College
Indian Hills Community College (IHCC) is a public community college in Iowa with campuses in Ottumwa and Centerville. IHCC serves both traditional residential students and commuter students, primarily from a ten-county area in southeast Iowa as well as portions of northern Missouri. This regional service area includes the cities of Ottumwa, Centerville, Oskalossa, Fairfield, Albia, Bloomfield, and Chariton. IHCC is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
Anna Zhigalova
Anna Poliakova (maiden name Anna Zhigalova) is a Russian amateur sumo wrestler. She has won gold medals in both the heavyweight and openweight categories in the 2009, 2013 and 2017 World Games. She has also won seven golds at the Sumo World Championships. In 2018 she was nominated for the World Games Athlete of the Year award.

2013 World Games
The 2013 World Games (Spanish: Juegos Mundiales 2013), the ninth World Games, also known as Cali 2013, were an international multi-sport event held in the city of Cali, Colombia, from July 25 to August 4. It is the first edition of the World Games to be held in South America.
Lake Charles–DeRidder combined statistical area
The Lake Charles–DeRidder combined statistical area is made up of four parishes in southwestern Louisiana. The statistical area consists of the Lake Charles Metropolitan Statistical Area and the DeRidder Micropolitan Statistical Area. The largest principal city is Lake Charles, and the smaller principal city is Jennings. As of the 2010 census, the CSA had a population of 231,201. A July 1, 2019 estimate placed the population at 241,777.

Beauregard Parish, Louisiana
Beauregard Parish (French: Paroisse de Beauregard) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,549. The parish seat and most populous municipality is DeRidder. The parish was formed on January 1, 1913.

Beauregard Parish comprises the DeRidder, LA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The governing body is by the police jury system.
Jill Nicholls
Jill Nicholls is a British filmmaker, best known for her art documentaries on television. Her films over the decades have frequently featured the lives of high-profile figures, including Doris Lessing, Toni Morrison, Diana Athill, Judith Kerr, Salman Rushdie, Vivian Maier, Louise Bourgeois and Tom Stoppard. Nicholls has won several awards for her films, including from the Royal Television Society, the Grierson Trust and the New Orleans Film Festival. Also a journalist, she worked in the 1970s for women's liberation magazine Spare Rib, as well writing for other publications.

Grierson Awards
Grierson: The British Documentary Awards, commonly known as The Grierson Awards, are awards bestowed by The Grierson Trust to recognise innovative and exciting documentary films, in honour of the pioneering Scottish documentary filmmaker John Grierson.

The inaugural award was given in 1972 and since then the awards have become an annual fixture. In 2000, The Grierson Trust forged a link with the UK Film Council in order to expand and add prestige to the awards. The awards have grown in stature and recognition over the years.
Pierre St-Amand
Joseph Pierre Julien St-Amand CMM CD is a retired Royal Canadian Air Force Lieutenant-General. St-Amand served as deputy commander of North American Aerospace Defense Command and led its Canadian Element between 2015 and 2018. He previously commanded 441 Tactical Fighter Squadron, 4 Wing, and 1 Canadian Air Division, and was SHAPE Director of Strategic Planning between 2010 and 2011. During his tenure at SHAPE, St-Amand oversaw strategic planning for Operation Unified Protector.

NORAD
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (commonly abbreviated to NORAD /ˈnɔːræd/ NΟR-ad; French: Commandement de la défense aérospatiale de l'Amérique du Nord; CDAAN) is a bi-national mutual defense organization in Canada and the United States. Established 12 September 1957 as the North American Air Defense Command, NORAD is headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado, which also serves as the headquarters of United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).

During World War II, Canada contacted the United States for protection from Nazi aggression. Later, during the beginning of the Cold War, the U.S. and Canada formed a permanent military alliance.

NORAD has three regions: the Alaskan region, the Canadian region, and the American Continental region. The administrative offices are located in New Mexico and Arizona. NORAD has an alternate command center called Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado. NORAD has a total of 1,000 soldiers, personnel and military dependents.
Cranbrook (electoral district)
Cranbrook was the name of a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia centred on the town of Cranbrook in the southern Rockies and including nearby Kimberley and other towns in the southern end of the Rocky Mountain Trench.

Cranbrook riding made its first appearance on the hustings in the election of 1903. In a redistribution after the 1963 election the area covered by this riding was incorporated into the new Kootenay riding (same name but smaller than the original 1871-vintage Kootenay riding).

Kootenay (provincial electoral district)
Kootenay was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1871 to 1890. It was originally a two-member riding until the 1875 election; from 1878, it was a one-member seat until its partition for the 1890 election into East Kootenay and West Kootenay. For the 1966 election, the riding-name was re-established, but the area described was only the East Kootenay and included none of the West Kootenay.
Maletswai Local Municipality
Maletswai Local Municipality was an administrative area in the Joe Gqabi District of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. The municipality was merged with Gariep Local Municipality immediately after the August 2016 Local Municipal Elections to form the new Walter Sisulu Local Municipality.

Maletswai is a Sesotho name that means "a place of salt". The thermal springs resort, named Aliwal Spa, is located within the municipal area and produces salty water, rich in minerals, from underground. During 2010-2014 this once beautiful resort was re-constructed and opened to the public again in 2015.

Joe Gqabi District Municipality
The Joe Gqabi District Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili sase Joe Gqabi; Sotho: Masepala wa Setereke wa Joe Gqabi) is one of the seven districts of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The seat is Barkly East. As of 2011, the majority of its 349,768 inhabitants spoke isiXhosa.

Before 1 February 2010, it was known as the Ukhahlamba District Municipality; its name was changed in recognition of Joe Gqabi (1929–1981), an African National Congress member who was a journalist for the New Age, a member of the Umkhonto we Sizwe, and one of the Pretoria Twelve.
Treaty of Pyritz
The Treaty of Pyritz settled claims of the House of Pomerania and the House of Hohenzollern regarding the legal status and succession in the Duchy of Pomerania on 26 and 28 March 1493. John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg of the Hohenzollern renounced the Electorate of Brandenburg's claims to hold the Pomeranian duchy as a fief on 26 March in Pyritz (now Pyrzyce). In turn, Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania acknowledged Brandenburgian succession in his duchy in case of the extinction of his dynasty on 28 March in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad). The treaty was the most important achievement of Bogislaw X's foreign policy. It was confirmed and amended when a final settlement between the two houses was reached in the Treaty of Grimnitz in 1529.

House of Griffin
The House of Griffin or Griffin dynasty, (German: Greifen; Polish: Gryfici, Danish: Grif; Latin: Gryphes), or House of Pomerania (see § Name of the Dynasty), was a dynasty ruling the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637. The name "Griffins" was used by the dynasty after the 15th century and had been taken from the ducal coat of arms. Duke Wartislaw I (died 1135) was the first historical ruler of the Duchy of Pomerania and the founder of the Griffin dynasty. The most prominent Griffin was Eric of Pomerania, who became king of the Kalmar Union in 1397, thus ruling Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway. The last Griffin duke of Pomerania was Bogislaw XIV, who died during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the division of Pomerania between Brandenburg-Prussia, Sweden and Poland. Duchess Anna von Croy, daughter of Duke Bogislaw XIII and the last member of the House of Griffin, died in 1660.
Brianna Hesson
Brianna Hesson (born September 13, 1988) is an American softball coach and former first baseman and outfielder. She played college softball at Georgia from 2008 to 2011. She played in the National Pro Fastpitch from 3 seasons from 2011 to 2013 with her longest tenure as a player with the Akron Racers.

Hesson was born in Lawrenceville, Georgia. She attended North Gwinnett High School in Suwanee, Georgia. After graduation from high school in 2007, Hesson enrolled at the University of Georgia and played first base and outfield for the Bulldogs, starting for four seasons. As a sophomore in 2009, and as a junior in 2010 she led Georgia to the Women's College World Series, finishing third both times.

The NFP Diamonds signed Hesson as an undrafted free agent in 2011. She played 3 years as a first baseman in the NFP, with the Diamonds in 2011 and the Akron Racers in 2012 to 2013.

Carolina Diamonds
The Carolina Diamonds, formerly known as the NPF Diamonds, Tennessee Diamonds, Rockford Thunder and Texas Thunder, was a women's softball team based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Since the 2004 season, they have played as a member of National Pro Fastpitch (NPF). They were known as the Texas Thunder from 2004 to 2006, the Rockford Thunder from 2007 to 2009, and the Tennessee Diamonds in 2010. They relocated to Charlotte, North Carolina in 2012.

The Thunder won the 2009 Cowles Cup Championship of NPF by defeating the USSSA Pride in the championship game held in Akron, Ohio on August 23, 2009.

In February 2013, it was announced that the team had folded and the roster would now be picked up by the NPF expansion team, the New York/New Jersey Comets.
Sydney Carlin (RAF officer)
Sydney "Timbertoes" Carlin, MC, DFC, DCM (1889 – 9 May 1941) was a British flying ace of the First World War, despite having previously lost a leg during the Battle of the Somme. He returned to the Royal Air Force in the Second World War, serving as an air gunner during the Battle of Britain.

Distinguished Conduct Medal
The Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) was a British military decoration instituted in 1854 by Queen Victoria to recognise gallantry in the field by other ranks of the British Army. It was the oldest British award for gallantry and served as the second highest military decoration for bravery, ranking just below the Victoria Cross. The medal remained in use until 1993, when it was discontinued and succeeded by the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross. In addition to British personnel, the medal was also awarded to non-commissioned members of the armed forces from other Commonwealth Dominions and Colonies.
New York State Route 88
New York State Route 88 (NY 88) is a north–south state highway in the Finger Lakes region of New York in the United States. It extends for 20.62 miles (33.18 km) from an intersection with NY 96 in the Ontario County village of Phelps to a junction with NY 104 in the Wayne County town of Sodus. In between, NY 88 passes through the Village of Newark, where it intersects NY 31 and crosses over the Erie Canal. NY 88 originally extended south to the city of Canandaigua when it was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. It was truncated to its current length in August 1972. According to the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), the NY 382 designation is reserved for the NY 88 alignment. No timetable exists for the redesignation of NY 88 to NY 382.

1930 state highway renumbering (New York)
In January 1930, the U.S. state of New York implemented a major renumbering of its state highways. Many previously existing numbered routes were renumbered or realigned. At the same time, many state highways that were previously unnumbered received designations. Most of the highways with numbers in the 100s to 300s were assigned at this time.  Route numbers were assigned in clusters based on their general location.  Because some of these route numbers are no longer in use, the pattern of clusters is not fully apparent today.

Before 1930, the route numbering system in place had its origins in the 1920s. At the time, New York only assigned numbers to a small subset of its state highways.  Route numbers spanned from 1–80, with routes running primarily north–south having even numbers and routes generally running east–west having odd numbers. This scheme was abandoned with the advent of the U.S. Highway System in 1927. Some renumbering was done in 1927 to avoid overlapping route numbers.
Lufthansa Airport Express
The Lufthansa Airport Express was an express train service in Germany, operated by Deutsche Bundesbahn (German Federal Railway, or DB) on behalf of the German airline Lufthansa. Initially linking Düsseldorf and Frankfurt am Main Flughafen (Frankfurt Airport), service was later extended to Stuttgart. The airline provided the on-board customer service staff, and access was limited to Lufthansa customers taking airplane flights into or out of Frankfurt or Düsseldorf airports.

Düsseldorf Airport station
Düsseldorf Airport (Bahnhof Düsseldorf Flughafen) is a railway station in Düsseldorf, Germany, on the Cologne–Duisburg line that connects Düsseldorf Airport to Düsseldorf-Stadtmitte and long-distance trains, most of them ICE trains. Opened in May 2000, the new railway station has the capacity of 300 train departures per day.
Sam Yan MRT station
Sam Yan station (Thai: สถานีสามย่าน, pronounced [sā.tʰǎː.nīː sǎːm jâːn]) is a Bangkok MRT rapid transit station on the Blue Line. The station is located under Rama IV Road near Sam Yan intersection. Chamchuri Square, Chulalongkorn University, Samyan Mitrtown and Wat Hua Lamphong are located next to the station.

Samyan Mitrtown
Samyan Mitrtown (Thai: สามย่านมิตรทาวน์) is a mixed-use shopping, office, residential and leisure development located in Bangkok, Thailand. With a gross floor area of 222,000 square metres (2,390,000 sq ft), the ฿9 billion complex comprises Samyan Mitrtown Mall, Mitrtown Office Tower, Triple Y Residence and Triple Y Hotel.
Reggae Blues
"Reggae Blues" is a song by Nigerian singer-songwriter Harrysong. It was released on 4 August 2015, and features artists Kcee, Olamide, Iyanya and Orezi. A blend of reggae, and highlife, the song, at The Headies 2016, was nominated for Best Collaboration, and won the Best Pop Single. It won the Collaboration of the Year at the 2016 Nigeria Entertainment Awards.

KCee
Kingsley Chinweike OkonkwoListenⓘ, better known as KCee, is a Nigerian singer and songwriter. He was formerly in the hip-hop duo KC Presh. He is from Amaputu in Uli in Ihiala local government area in Anambra State, Nigeria. He currently has a record deal with Five Star Music. He worked with Del B, a record producer known for producing Kcee's popular song "Limpopo". He is the elder brother to E-money.
Josef Oberhauser
Josef Kaspar Oberhauser (20 September 1915 – 20 November 1979) was a low-ranking German SS commander during the Nazi era. He participated in Action T4 and Operation Reinhard. Oberhauser was the only person to be successfully convicted of crimes committed at the Belzec extermination camp. He was charged with 450,000 counts of accessory to murder and sentenced to 4.5 years imprisonment during the Belzec Trial of 1964.

Belzec trial
The Belzec trial (German: Belzec-Prozess, Polish: proces Bełżec) in the mid-1960s was a war crimes trial of eight former SS members of Bełżec extermination camp. The trial was held at the 1st Munich District Court (Landgericht München I) and should be seen in the context of the Sobibor trial, which followed the Belzec trial, because five of the defendants were accused in both trials. In addition, the Belzec and Sobibor trials, along with the Treblinka trials, form a body of evidence of the crimes of mass extermination as part of the so-called Action Reinhardt programme – the killing of over two million Jews and 50,000 Roma and Sinti. These trials are directly related to the mass murder of 100,000 people in the official Nazi Euthanasia programme known after the war as Action T4, as many of the security guards worked in the euthanasia centres before transferring to the extermination camps. The first Euthanasia trials were carried out shortly after the war.
Extenuating Circumstances: Stories of Crime and Suspense
Extenuating Circumstances: Stories of Crime and Suspense is a collection of previously collected and uncollected short fiction by Joyce Carol Oates published in 2022 by The Mysterious Press.

"By the River" was anthologized in Best American Short Stories, 1969.

"Yarrow" was among the 1988 prize stories for the O. Henry Awards, as was "Why Don't You Come Live With Me, It's Time" in 1992.

"The Undesirable Table" won the Pushcart Prize XX, Best of the Small Presses (1996).

Joyce Carol Oates
Joyce Carol Oates (born June 16, 1938) is an American writer. Oates published her first book in 1963, and has since published 58 novels, a number of plays and novellas, and many volumes of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction. Her novels Black Water (1992), What I Lived For (1994), and Blonde (2000), and her short story collection Lovely, Dark, Deep: Stories (2014) were each finalists for the Pulitzer Prize. She has won many awards for her writing, including the National Book Award for her novel Them (1969), two O. Henry Awards, the National Humanities Medal, and the Jerusalem Prize (2019).

Oates taught at Princeton University from 1978 to 2014, and is the Roger S. Berlind '52 Professor Emerita in the Humanities with the Program in Creative Writing. From 2016 to 2020, she was a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where she taught short fiction in the spring semesters. She now teaches at Rutgers University, New Brunswick.