hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of the Alta River
The Battle of Alta River was a 1068 clash on the Alta River between Cuman army on the one hand and Kievan Rus' forces of Grand Prince Iziaslav I of Kiev, Prince Sviatoslav of Chernigov, and Prince Vsevolod of Periaslavl on the other in which the Rus' forces were routed and fled back to Kiev and Chernigov in some disarray. The battle led to an uprising in Kiev that briefly deposed Grand Prince Iziaslav. That incident supposedly shows the power of the Kiev veche and how common people gathering influenced princely politics in Kievan Rus' (particularly in Kiev as well as in the Novgorod the Great).

Alta (river)
Alta River (Ukrainian: Альта, Ільтиця, Alta, Iltytsia) is a small river in Ukraine and is a right tributary of the Trubizh. The ancient town of Pereiaslav is situated between the Trubizh and Alta rivers.

The river is considered the place where the assassins sent by Sviatopolk the Accursed killed saints Boris and Gleb in 1015. In 1019 it was the site of a battle between Svyatopolk and his brother Yaroslav I the Wise which Yaroslav won.

In 1068 the river was the place where Iziaslav I of Kyiv was defeated by Polovtsy at the Battle of the Alta River

On 25 May 1630 on the river near Pereiaslav was the place where Polish hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski was beaten by the Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Taras Triasylo. The battle is known as the Taras Night and is described in the Taras Shevchenko poem Tarasova nich
.
Dahan (2018 film)
Dahan (Bengali: দহন) is a Bangladeshi Bengali socio-political drama film directed by Raihan Rafi and produced by Abdul Aziz. It was distributed by Jaaz Multimedia. It stars Siam Ahmed, Puja Cherry, Zakia Bari Momo, and Fazlur Rahman Babu in the lead roles. Dahan is loosely based on a true incident of metro city Dhaka. Music was Directed By Rizvi Hasan.

Raihan Rafi
Raihan Rafi (Bengali: রায়হান রাফি) is a Bangladeshi film director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for his directorial debut, Poramon 2 (2018) produced by Abdul Aziz and under the banner of Jaaz Multimedia. The film won awards in three categories at Meril Prothom Alo Awards for Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Singer. He won Blender's Choice The Daily Star Awards for Best Screenwriter for the film Khachar Bhitor Ochin Pakhi (2021) released on streaming platform Chorki.
Daura
Daura is a town and local government area in Katsina State, northwestern Nigeria. It is the spiritual home of the Hausa people. The emirate is referred to as one of the "seven true Hausa states" (Hausa Bakwai) because it was (along with Biram, Kano, Katsina, Zazzau, Gobir, and Rano), ruled by the descendants of Bayajidda's sons with Daurama and Magira (his first wife).
The University of California's African American Studies Department refers to Daura, as well as Katsina, as having been "ancient seats of Islamic culture and learning."

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
South Dakota's 5th legislative district
South Dakota's 5th legislative district is one of 35 districts in the South Dakota Legislature. Each district is represented by 1 senator and 2 representatives. In the Senate, it has been represented by Republican Glen Vilhauer since 2025. In the House, it has been represented by Republicans Matt Roby and Josephine Garcia since 2025.

Matt Roby
Matthew Thomas Roby (born May 14, 1984) is an American politician and attorney serving as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 5th district.  He is a member of the Republican Party.
Brent Sass
Brent Sass (born January 2, 1980, in Excelsior, Minnesota) is an American dog musher who is one of only six people to have won both the Iditarod and Yukon Quest sled dog races.

The Yukon Quest is a 1,000 mile international sled dog race from Whitehorse, Yukon to Fairbanks, Alaska.  He won the Yukon Quest in 2015, 2019 and 2020 and 2023, and the Iditarod in 2022.  He is well known for rescuing other mushers along the Yukon Quest trail throughout his dogsled racing career. In 2011, the rescue efforts of Sass and his then-lead dog Silver at American Summit in blizzard conditions led to the introduction of the Yukon Quest's Silver Award that recognizes sled dogs that have performed acts of heroism on the trail.

Excelsior, Minnesota
Excelsior (/ɛkˈsɛlsiər/ ek-SEL-see-ər) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. A western suburb of the Twin Cities, Excelsior is about 16 miles (26 km) southwest of downtown Minneapolis. Its population was 2,355 at the 2020 census.

Excelsior's commercial district along Water Street is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the town has many historic Victorian-era houses. Located on Lake Minnetonka's southern shore, the city serves as a local destination for shoppers, boaters, and restaurant-goers.
1993 European Aquatics Championships
The 1993 European Aquatics Championships were held in Sheffield, United Kingdom from Tuesday 3 August to Sunday 8 August, in the 50 m pool of the Ponds Forge International Sports Centre. The 21st edition of the event was organised by the LEN.

Besides swimming there were titles contested in open water swimming, diving, synchronised swimming (women) and water polo. The open water competition though was held in Slapy, Czech Republic from 28 to 29 August, while the women's water polo tournament was played in Leeds.

The swimming championships resulted in one world and one European record: Károly Güttler improved the world's best time in the qualifying heats of the men's 100 m breaststroke, while Franziska van Almsick bettered the continental's best time in the women's 100 m freestyle. Star swimmer at this meet was Krisztina Egerszegi, winning four gold medals for Hungary.

Krisztina Egerszegi
Krisztina Egerszegi (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkristinɒ ˈɛɡɛrsɛɡi]; born 16 August 1974) is a Hungarian former world record holding swimmer and one of the greatest Hungarian Olympic champions of the modern era. She is a three-time Olympian (1988, 1992 and 1996) and five-time Olympic champion; and one of four individuals (Dawn Fraser, Michael Phelps and Katie Ledecky being the other three) to have ever won the same swimming event at three consecutive Summer Olympics. She is the first female swimmer to win five individual Olympic gold medals.

Egerszegi held the world record in the long-course 200 m backstroke for almost 17 years. In 2013, she was awarded the Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen.
2024 Țiriac Open
The 2024 Țiriac Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Bucharest, Romania, from 15 to 21 April 2024. It was the 22nd edition of the Romanian Open tournament, and part of the ATP 250 tournaments of the 2024 ATP Tour. It was the first edition of the tournament since 2016.

Richard Gasquet
Richard Gabriel Cyr Gasquet (French: [ʁiʃaʁ ɡaskɛ]; born 18 June 1986) is a French former professional tennis player. He was ranked as high as world No. 7 in men's singles by the ATP, attained in July 2007. Gasquet won 16 singles titles on the ATP Tour, and earned over 600 career match wins. His best performances in major singles tournaments were three semifinal appearances, two at the Wimbledon Championships (in 2007 and 2015) and one at the US Open (in 2013). His best performance in ATP Masters 1000 tournaments tournaments was runner-up finishes in Hamburg in 2005 and Toronto in 2006 and 2012. Gasquet won the mixed doubles title at the 2004 French Open, partnering Tatiana Golovin, and an Olympic bronze medal in men's doubles at the 2012 London Olympics, partnering Julien Benneteau. Gasquet was best known for his elegant groundstrokes and his one-handed backhand.
Réaume's Trading Post
Réaume's Trading Post (Smithsonian trinomial 21WD15) was a trading post established on the Leaf River in 1792 in what is now Wing River Township, Minnesota, United States.  No visible traces remain at the site, which is on private property, but archaeological investigations have identified several features.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 for having state-level significance in the themes of commerce and historical archaeology.  It was nominated for its role in and research potential on the opening of the fur trade in north-central Minnesota.

Wing River Township, Wadena County, Minnesota
Wing River Township is a township in Wadena County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2000 census, the population was 430. The township is named for the Wing River, which converges with the Leaf River within its boundaries.
Ganoung Cobblestone Farmhouse
Ganoung Cobblestone Farmhouse is a historic home located at Lima in Livingston County, New York. It was constructed in the 1830s and is a vernacular two story, five bay cobblestone structure built in the late Federal / early Greek Revival style.  It features irregularly shaped, variously sized and colored cobbles in its construction.  Also on the property is a 19th-century carriage barn, small shed, and a well with pump.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Lima, New York
Lima (/ˈlaɪmə/, the name is a shibboleth) is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 4,154 at the 2020 census. The town is in the northeast part of the county, south of Rochester. The village of Lima is located within the town.
Marston Gate railway station
Marston Gate Railway station was a station on the London and North Western Railway - Aylesbury Branch serving the nearby village of Long Marston, Hertfordshire. The station was the only intermediate stop on the line, which ran to Cheddington where it met with the main line.

Long Marston, Hertfordshire
Long Marston is a small village to the north of Tring in Hertfordshire, in the Tring Rural parish council area. It is in the Borough of Dacorum, Tring West and Rural Ward.  It is located roughly 5 miles east of Aylesbury and 11 miles north-west of Hemel Hempstead.
Wishnutama
Wishnutama Kusubandio (born 4 May 1970) is a former Indonesian journalist and businessman. He was co-founder and CEO of NET. Mediatama Television and NET. Visi Media Asia, from founding on 18 May 2013 until his resignation on 22 October 2019. He served as Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy under Joko Widodo between 23 October 2019 and 22 December 2020.
His deputy minister before being called off was Angela Tanoesoedibjo.

Angela Tanoesoedibjo
Angela Herliani Tanoesoedibjo (/ˈændʒɪlə tɑːnjusudiːjaʊ/) ––known as Angela Chen (安琪拉·陳; Pinyin: Ānqílā chén) in China–– (born 23 April 1987) is an Indonesian politician, who is the Vice Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy since 2019, first under Wishnutama Kusubandio, then Sandiaga Uno, businesspersons. As the eldest daughter of MNC Group CEO, founder, and chairman Hary Tanoesoedibjo, she unexpectedly became one of the Jokowi-Ma'ruf Amin young ministerial candidates while co-currently the Commissioner of the MNC Group. As the editor in chief of Tanoesoedibjo Media Business Network's High End Magazine and High End Teen, Tanoesoedibjo holds this position.
Xi Qia
Xi Qia or Xi Xia (Hsi Hsia; Chinese: 熙洽; pinyin: Xīqià; Wade–Giles: Hsi1-hsia4; Hepburn: Ki Kō; 1883–1950) was a general in command of the Jilin Provincial Army of the Republic of China, who defected to the Japanese during the Invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and who subsequently served as a cabinet minister in Manchukuo.

Japanese invasion of Manchuria
The Empire of Japan's Kwantung Army invaded the Manchuria region of China on 18 September 1931, immediately following the Mukden incident,  a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext to invade. At the war's end in February 1932, the Japanese established the puppet state of Manchukuo. The occupation lasted until mid-August 1945, towards the end of the Second World War, in the face of an onslaught by the Soviet Union and Mongolia during the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation.

With the invasion having attracted great international attention, the League of Nations produced the Lytton Commission (headed by British politician Victor Bulwer-Lytton) to evaluate the situation, with the organization delivering its findings in October 1932. Its findings and recommendations that the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo not be recognized and the return of Manchuria to Chinese sovereignty prompted the Japanese government to withdraw from the League entirely.
Embryo transfer
Embryo transfer (aka ET) refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. This technique - which is often used in connection with in vitro fertilization (IVF) - may be used in humans or in other animals, in which situations and goals may vary.

Embryo transfer can be done at day two or day three, or later in the blastocyst stage, which was first performed in 1984.

Factors that can affect the success of embryo transfer include the endometrial receptivity, embryo quality, and embryo transfer technique.

Endometrium
The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.  It has a basal layer and a functional layer: the basal layer contains stem cells which regenerate the functional layer. The functional layer thickens and then is shed during menstruation in humans and some other mammals, including other apes, Old World monkeys, some species of bat, the elephant shrew and the Cairo spiny mouse. In most other mammals, the endometrium is reabsorbed in the estrous cycle. During pregnancy, the glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number. Vascular spaces fuse and become interconnected, forming the placenta, which supplies oxygen and nutrition to the embryo and fetus. The speculated presence of an endometrial microbiota
has been argued against.
City Club of Chicago
The City Club of Chicago  is a 501 (c)(3) nonpartisan, nonprofit membership organization intended to foster civic responsibility, promote public issues, and provide Chicago, Cook County, and Illinois with a forum for open political debate.  The organization attracts those interested in civic responsibility, public issues, politics and networking opportunities. Affiliates of the club include prominent business, civic, and governmental leaders in Chicago. Founded in 1903, it is the longest-running public policy forum in Chicago.

The City Club has boasted such prominent members as Jane Addams, Ruth Hanna McCormick, Louise DeKoven Bowen,  Richard J. Daley, Henry Horner, George Herbert Mead, Charles Edward Merriam, Harold Ickes, and Louis Sullivan.

George Herbert Mead
George Herbert Mead (February 27, 1863 – April 26, 1931) was an American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago. He was one of the key figures in the development of pragmatism. He is regarded as one of the founders of symbolic interactionism, and was an important influence on what has come to be referred to as the Chicago School of Sociology.
Bà Nà Hills
Bà Nà Hill Station, Bà Nà Hills or Sun World Ba Na Hills is a hill station and resort located in the Trường Sơn Mountains, Hòa Vang district, west of the city of Da Nang, in South Central Coast of Vietnam.

Hill station
A hill station is a type of hill town, mostly in colonial Asia, but also in colonial Africa (albeit rarely), founded by European colonialists as a refuge from the summer heat. As historian Dane Kennedy observes about the Indian context, "the hill station (...) was seen as an exclusive British preserve: here it was possible to render the Indian into an outsider". The term is still used in present day, particularly in India, which has the largest number of hill stations; most are situated at an altitude of approximately 1,000 to 2,500 metres (3,300 to 8,200 ft).
Bob Lord (musician)
Bob Lord is an American producer/composer/bassist and CEO of PARMA Recordings, parent company of label imprints Navona Records, Ravello, Big Round, MMC, and Capstone Records. He is also notable for being the bassist/composer of the experimental rock trio Dreadnaught, music director for the NHPR/Music Hall series Writers on a New England Stage, and in-studio producer of Grammy-winning clarinetist Richard Stoltzman.

He has more than 150 credits as a producer, executive producer, performer, arranger, label manager, and composer, and with Pete Townshend of The Who served as co-producer for the double-album release by Lawrence Ball, Method Music.

Dreadnaught USA
Dreadnaught is a New Hampshire, United States of America (United States)-based experimental rock group that has released 7 full-length albums since its formation in 1996.  The band's sound is distinguished by acrobatic, intricate compositional and instrumental interplay coupled with a down-to-earth, wry approach to performance.
1923 Honduran general election
General elections were held in Honduras between 27 and 29 October 1923. Tiburcio Carías Andino received the highest number of votes, with 47% of the ballots cast. However, as no candidate had received an absolute majority in the public vote, Congress would vote on the candidates. However, Congress did not meet again until 1 January the following year. In December President Rafael López Gutiérrez declared a state of siege, suspended the constitution, and announced that he would remain in office in order to keep the peace. Although Congress was dominated by the two liberal parties, they did not want Carías, but also could not agree on a common candidate.

As a result, Carías started a civil war in February, known as the War of Revindication. López Gutiérrez lost the support of his party in several provinces. Scattered fighting took place over two months, with 400 American marines occupying Tegucigalpa.

Tiburcio Carías Andino
Tiburcio Carías Andino (5 March 1876 – 23 December 1969) was a Honduran politician and military officer with the rank of major general. He served as the 38th president of Honduras, briefly in 1924 as constitutional president and later in the form of a dictatorial regime from 1933 until 1949. He was elected president of Honduras in the midst of the Great Depression. He strengthened the Armed Forces, maintained the support of the banana companies by opposing strikes, strongly aligned its government with that of the United States, and kept the country in strict adherence to debt payments.
Penyberth
Penyberth (Welsh pronunciation: [pɛnəˈbɛrθ]) was a farmhouse at Penrhos, on the Llŷn Peninsula near Pwllheli, Gwynedd, which had been the home to generations of patrons of poets,  and also a way-station for pilgrims to Bardsey Island,  but destroyed in 1936 in order to build a training camp and aerodrome for the RAF.

RAF Penrhos
Royal Air Force Penrhos, or more simply RAF Penrhos, is a former Royal Air Force airfield located near Penrhos, Gwynedd and 14.7 miles (23.7 km) west of Porthmadog, Gwynedd, Wales, in the community of Llanbedrog.

It was operational from 1 February 1937 to 21 October 1946 for armament training, air observer, bombing and gunnery schools.
189th Aviation Regiment (United States)
The 189th Aviation Regiment is an aviation regiment of the U.S. Army. It was probably formed in the late 1980s.

The 1st Battalion is part of the 34th Infantry Division, and administratively supervised while under state control by the 95th Troop Command of the Montana Army National Guard.

Montana Army National Guard
The Montana Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard.  Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization.  National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau.

Montana Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army.  The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Montana Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Montana.

The Montana Army National Guard maintains facilities in 28 communities.
Songbird (software)
Songbird is a discontinued music player originally released in early 2006 with the stated mission "to incubate Songbird, the first Web player, to catalyze and champion a diverse, open Media Web".

Songbird utilizes the cross-platform frameworks Mozilla XULRunner and GStreamer media framework. Songbird runs on Windows and macOS. In 2012, an Android version and an iOS version were released. Songbird at one point also supported Solaris and Linux, but this support was dropped. As a result, users forked Songbird and created a Windows, Mac, and Linux compatible derivative under the name Nightingale.

Songbird announced on 14 June 2013 that it would stop all operations and shut down by 28 June. The company was unable to fund further business operations and as a result, all operations and associated services were discontinued.

GStreamer
GStreamer is a pipeline-based multimedia framework that links together a wide variety of media processing systems to complete complex workflows. For instance, GStreamer can be used to build a system that reads files in one format, processes them, and exports them in another. The formats and processes can be changed in a plug and play fashion.

GStreamer supports a wide variety of media-handling components, including simple audio playback, audio and video playback, recording, streaming and editing. The pipeline design serves as a base to create many types of multimedia applications such as video editors, transcoders, streaming media broadcasters and media players.

It is designed to work on a variety of operating systems, e.g. the BSDs, OpenSolaris, Linux, Android, macOS, iOS, Windows, OS/400.

GStreamer is free and open-source software subject to the terms of the LGPL-2.1-or-later and is being hosted at freedesktop.org.