hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States Fencing Association
The United States Fencing Association (USFA) is the national governing body for the sport of fencing in the United States. The USFA was founded in 1891 as the Amateur Fencers League of America (AFLA) by a group of New York fencers seeking independence from the Amateur Athletic Union. The AFLA changed its name to the United States Fencing Association in 1981, and is also known as USA Fencing.

The USFA was incorporated as a non-profit corporation in Pennsylvania in 1964 and in Colorado in 1993, in compliance with the Olympic and Amateur Sports Act. It opened its national office at the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado in August 1982. The national office moved from the Olympic Training Center to downtown Colorado Springs in 2002. The USFA's first full-time Executive Director was hired in 1983.

The USFA is affiliated with the  FIE, the international federation for fencing founded in Paris in 1913.

International Fencing Federation
The   International Fencing Federation  (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime) commonly known by the acronym FIE, is the international governing body of Olympic fencing. Today, its head office is at the Maison du Sport International in Lausanne, Switzerland. The FIE is composed of 155 national federations, each of which is recognized by its country's Olympic Committee as the sole representative of Olympic-style fencing in that country.
Matthew Pennington
Matthew Pennington (born 6 October 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for EFL League One club Bradford City.

Pennington previously played for Everton, Shrewsbury Town and Blackpool, with loan spells at Tranmere Rovers, Coventry City, Walsall, Leeds United, Ipswich Town and Hull City.

He has also represented the England national U-19 team at international level.

England national under-19 football team
England national under-19 football team, also known as England under-19s or England U19(s), represents England in association football at under-19 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England. Primarily, it competes to qualify for the annual UEFA European Under-19 Championship.
Kristina Hänel
Kristina Gisela Hänel (born August 5, 1956) is a German general medicine and emergency physician. When practicing in Gießen, Hänel achieved national recognition because she was accused of advertising for the abortion of pregnancy and sentenced to a fine. She appealed, winning the appeal after a change in the Criminal Code made it possible for her to list abortions as a procedure she conducts on her website.

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
Anouk Vetter
Anouk Vetter (Dutch pronunciation: [aːˈnuk ˈfɛtər]; born 4 February 1993) is a retired Dutch track and field athlete who competes in the combined events.

She won the silver medal in the heptathlon at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Vetter claimed bronze and silver in the event at the 2017 and 2022 World Athletics Championships respectively. She took the gold medal at the 2016 European Championships.

She is the Dutch record holder for the heptathlon with a score 6867 points, and won eight national titles (mostly for the long jump).

2017 World Championships in Athletics
The 2017 IAAF World Championships, the sixteenth edition of the IAAF World Championships, were held from 4 to 13 August at London Stadium in London, United Kingdom. London was officially awarded the championships on 11 November 2011.
Phillip Ervin
Phillip S. Ervin (born July 15, 1992) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Pericos de Puebla of the Mexican League. Prior to playing professionally, Ervin attended Samford University, where he played college baseball for the Bulldogs. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds and Seattle Mariners.

Ervin starred in baseball for Leroy High School. In college, Ervin was named a First Team All-Southern Conference in 2011, 2012 and 2013. The Reds selected him with the 27th overall selection in the 2013 MLB draft.

Samford Bulldogs baseball
For information on all Samford University sports, see Samford Bulldogs

The Samford Bulldogs baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Samford University in Homewood, Alabama, United States. The team is a member of the Southern Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. The team plays its home games at Joe Lee Griffin Stadium in Homewood, Alabama. The Bulldogs are coached by Tony David.
Alexandropol uezd
The Alexandropol uezd, known after 1924 as the Leninakan uezd, was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the governorate's Etchmiadzin and Nor Bayazet uezds to the south, the Borchaly and Akhalkalaki uezds of the Tiflis Governorate to the north, the Kazakh uezd of the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east, and the Kars Oblast to the west. The area of the uezd included most of the contemporary Shirak Province, and southern parts of the Lori Province of Armenia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Aleksandropol (present-day Gyumri), which at the time was a major railway hub of the Russian South Caucasus.

Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)
The Caucasus Viceroyalty was a special administrative unit of the Russian Empire located in the Caucasus region, existing from 1801 to 1917 under the governance of various administrative offices. It included the present-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as the Russian republics of Adygea, Chechnya,  Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and North Ossetia–Alania and portions of Southern Russia and Turkey.

Russia conquered the Caucasus in the early 19th century, beginning with the annexation of the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti and continuing with the Caucasian War and a series of conflicts against the Ottoman and Persian empires.
Marta Kubišová
Marta Kubišová (born 1 November 1942) is a Czech singer. By the time of the Prague Spring of 1968, with her song "Modlitba pro Martu" ("A prayer for Marta"), she was one of the most popular female singers in Czechoslovakia.

In 1967 she won Zlatý slavík award (English: Golden Nightingale). Her song "Prayer for Marta" became a symbol of national resistance against the occupation of Warsaw Pact troops in 1968. During the Prague Spring, she recorded over 200 SP records and one LP, Songy a Balady (Songs and Ballads, released in 1969), which was immediately banned from stores. In 1970, the regime also banned her from any performing. In 1971, she arranged Angelo Michajlov's score for Dívka na Koštěti (The Girl on a Broomstick). She was a signatory of the Charter 77 proclamation and one of its spokesmen.

Her first LPs after the Velvet Revolution in 1989 were a re-issue of Songy a Balady and a compilation of old songs, titled Lampa.

Charter 77
Charter 77 (Charta 77 in Czech and Slovak) was an informal civic initiative in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic from 1976 to 1992, named after the document Charter 77 from January 1977. Founding members and architects were Jiří Němec, Václav Benda, Ladislav Hejdánek, Václav Havel, Jan Patočka, Zdeněk Mlynář, Jiří Hájek, Martin Palouš, Pavel Kohout, and Ladislav Lis. Spreading the text of the document was considered a political crime by the Czechoslovak government. After the 1989 Velvet Revolution, many of the members of the initiative played important roles in Czech and Slovak politics.
King Combs
Christian Casey "King" Combs (born April 1, 1998) is an American rapper and model. The son of rapper Sean Combs and model Kim Porter, Combs began his recording career with the release of his 2017 single "Type Different". His debut extended play, Cyncerely, C3 (2019), was released by his father's label Bad Boy Records. In the wake of his father's sexual misconduct trial, Combs released an extended play, Never Stop (2025), where Combs expressed support for him.

Trial of Sean Combs
United States v. Combs is a 2025 criminal case in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York brought against American rapper and record producer Sean Combs, known professionally as Diddy (formerly Puff Daddy and P. Diddy), on charges including racketeering conspiracy, sex trafficking, and violations of the Mann Act.

On July 2, 2025, a jury found Combs not guilty of racketeering conspiracy and sex trafficking, but guilty on two counts of transportation for the purposes of prostitution. On October 3, 2025, Judge Arun Subramanian sentenced Combs to four years and two months in prison, a $500,000 fine, and five years of supervised release.
2019 Nigerian Senate elections in Ogun State
The 2019 Nigerian Senate election in Ogun State held on February 23, 2019, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Ogun State. Ibikunle Amosun Oyelaja representing Ogun Central, Ramoni Olalekan Mustapha representing Ogun East, and Tolulope Akinyemi Odebiyi representing Ogun West all won on the platform of the All Progressives Congress.

Ramoni Olalekan Mustapha
Ramoni Olalekan MustaphaListenⓘ (born 25 February 1960) is a Nigerian senator who represented Ogun East constituency of Ogun State from 2019 to 2023. He previously represented the same constituency from 2007 to 2011 under the platform of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP),
running for re-election on the Labour Party ticket in the 2011 elections, he polled only 8,762 votes.
Sefiu Adegbenga Kaka of the ACN won with 76,543 votes.
Silicate
A silicate is any member of a family of polyatomic anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula [SiO(4−2x)−4−x]n, where 0 ≤ x < 2.  The family includes orthosilicate SiO4−4 (x = 0), metasilicate SiO2−3 (x = 1), and pyrosilicate Si2O6−7 (x = 0.5, n = 2).  The name is also used for any salt of such anions, such as sodium metasilicate; or any ester containing the corresponding chemical group, such as tetramethyl orthosilicate. The name "silicate" is sometimes extended to any anions containing silicon, even if they do not fit the general formula or contain other atoms besides oxygen; such as hexafluorosilicate [SiF6]2−. Most commonly, silicates are encountered as silicate minerals.

For diverse manufacturing, technological, and artistic needs, silicates are versatile materials, both natural (such as granite, gravel, and garnet) and artificial (such as Portland cement, ceramics, glass, and waterglass).

Pyrosilicate
A pyrosilicate is a type of chemical compound; either an ionic compound that contains the pyrosilicate anion Si2O6−7, or an organic compound with the hexavalent  ≡O3Si-O-SiO3≡ group. The anion is also called disilicate or diorthosilicate.

Ionic pyrosilicates can be considered salts of the unstable pyrosilicic acid, H6Si2O7.  Unlike the acid, the salts can be stable.  Indeed, pyrosilicates occur widely in nature as a class of silicate minerals, specifically the sorosilicates - though some sorosilicate minerals, such as gehlenite, replace one of the silicon atoms with tetracoordinated aluminium or boron, giving the isostructural anions AlSiO7−7 and BSiO7−7.

Some notable synthetic pyrosilicates include

sodium pyrosilicate Na6Si2O7, a possible component of water glass.

sodium iron(II) pyrosilicate Na2Fe2Si2O7, a potential cathode material for batteries.

sodium manganese(II) pyrosilicate Na2Mn2Si2O7, another potential cathode material.
Time 4 Sum Aksion
"Time 4 Sum Aksion" is a song written, co-produced and performed by American rapper Redman. It was released on January 12, 1993, through Rush Associated Labels as the second single from his debut studio album Whut? Thee Album. The recording sessions took place at North Shore Soundworks in Commack and Ian London Studios in East Islip. Erick Sermon produced the song utilising samples from Cypress Hill's "How I Could Just Kill a Man" and Zapp's "Playin' Kinda Ruff".

Upon its release, the song peaked at number 63 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, number 62 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, number 1 on the Hot Rap Songs and number 32 on the Dance Singles Sales charts in the United States. In 2005, the song made it to number 19 on the UK Hip Hop and R&B Singles Chart.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
John Coape Sherbrooke
General Sir John Coape Sherbrooke, GCB (29 April 1764 – 14 February 1830) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. After serving in the British army in Nova Scotia, the Netherlands, India, the Mediterranean (including Sicily), and Spain, he was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia in 1811. During the War of 1812, his policies and victory in the conquest of present-day Maine, renaming it the colony of New Ireland, led to significant prosperity in Nova Scotia.

Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
The lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/) is the representative in Nova Scotia of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The 34th and current lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia is Mike Savage, who has served in the role since 13 December 2024.
Newark and Sherwood United F.C.
Newark and Sherwood United F.C. is a football club that represents the town of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire and were based at the Lowfields Ground, Hawton Lane, Balderton for over 100 years, (1901 - 2021). They are currently members of the United Counties League Premier Division North and are ground sharing with Harrowby United F.C. in Grantham.

United Counties League
The United Counties League (also known for sponsorship reasons as the GCE Hire Fleet Ltd. United Counties League) is an English football league covering an area including the English counties of northern Bedfordshire, northern Buckinghamshire, most of Cambridgeshire, south Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Huntingdonshire, Leicestershire, most of Lincolnshire, western Norfolk, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, northern Oxfordshire, Rutland, eastern Staffordshire, eastern Warwickshire and eastern West Midlands. It has a total of five divisions, three for first teams and two for reserve teams, but the reserves' divisions were merged into a single division for the 2013–14 season and remains so at present.

Clubs in the Premier Divisions are eligible to enter the FA Cup in the preliminary round stages. The clubs in the league are eligible for the FA Vase, and there are knockout cups for the Premier/Division One clubs and for the Reserve Divisions clubs.
New Oxford Formation
The New Oxford Formation is a mapped bedrock unit consisting primarily of sandstones, conglomerates, and shales.
The New Oxford Formation was first described in  Adams County, Pennsylvania in 1929, and over the following decade was mapped in adjacent York County, Pennsylvania and Frederick County, Maryland.  It was described as "red shale and sandstone with beds of micaceous sandstone, arkose, and conglomerate."  The majority of this early mapping was done by George Willis Stose, Anna Isabel Jonas, and Florence Bascom.

Adams County, Pennsylvania
Adams County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 103,852. Its county seat is Gettysburg. The county was created on January 22, 1800, from part of York County, and was named for John Adams, the second President of the United States.

Between July 1 and July 3, 1863, the Battle of Gettysburg, the bloodiest and most significant battle of the American Civil War, was fought near Gettysburg. As a result, Adams County is a center for Civil War-related tourism.  Adams County comprises the Gettysburg metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Ashti, Khed
Ashti is a small village on the banks of the Jagbudi River in the region of the Western Ghats (also known as the Sahyadri mountains, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located in the Khed taluka of Ratnagiri district, and is 17 km (11 mi) from the town of Khed.

The population of Ashti is 2000, with around 150 dwellings. Most of the people are engaged in farming and fisheries, but some have also expatriated to countries in the Middle East and Africa to work. The main religion followed is Islam.

Khed, Ratnagiri
Khed (Pronunciation: [kʰeːɖ]) is a municipal council in the Ratnagiri district of the state of Maharashtra, India. Khed town is situated on the Mumbai - Ratnagiri Highway.

Khed is the headquarters of Khed taluka which connects the district administration with the village administration.
Fossils (band)
Fossils (ফসিল্‌স) is an Indian hard rock band from Bengal formed in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, in 1998. The group is considered one of the pioneering rock acts in Kolkata's Bengali music scene. The band currently comprises Rupam Islam (lead vocals, additional guitars), Deep Ghosh (rhythm guitar), Allan Temjen Ao (lead guitar), Arindam Sen (additional rhythm guitar) Tanmoy Das (drums), Prasenjit 'Pom' Chakraborty (bass guitar), Subhadeep Pan (Backing Vocals).

Their music is flavoured by a blend of blues, rock and psychedelia,  hard rock along with Rupam Islam's vocal renditions of his characteristic psychoanalytical lyrics. They are noted for their social commentary and advocation of causes such as the welfare of HIV-positive people.

HIV-positive people
HIV-positive people, seropositive people or people who live with HIV are people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus which if untreated may progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 38.4 million people were infected with HIV at the end of 2021. That same year, some 1.5 million people became newly infected, and 650,000 died of AIDS-related causes, including 98,000 children. More than two-thirds of new HIV infections are in sub-Saharan Africa.
Lightvessel Gedser Rev
Lightvessel No. XVII Gedser Rev (Danish: Fyrskib XVII Gedser Rev) is a decommissioned lightvessel built in 1895, now serving as a museum ship in  Helsingør, Denmark, having formerly been stationed in the Nyhavn Canal in Copenhagen.  It is owned by the National Museum and takes its name after Gedser Rev south of Falster where it was stationed most of its working life.

Lightship
A lightvessel, or lightship, is a ship that acts as a lighthouse in areas deemed unsuitable for proper lighthouse construction. Although some records exist of fire beacons being placed on ships in Roman times, the first modern lightship was invented by Robert Hamblin in 1734 and was located off the Nore sandbank at the mouth of the River Thames in London, England. Lightships have since been rendered obsolete by advancing lighthouse construction techniques, and by large automated navigation buoys (LANBY).
Commonwealth v Griffith (MA 1823)
Commonwealth v Griffith is a Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court case that dealt with a slave catcher named Camillus Griffith who recaptured an African American slave named Randolph (last name unknown).  The issues brought up in this case were Griffith not attaining a warrant before seizing Randolph, if slaves were considered in the U.S. Constitution and if they were, was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 constitutional, and lastly who should make the decision regarding this issue on slaves and how they can be seized. The case included Chief Justice Parker delivering an opinion in agreeance with Griffith's plea and a dissent from Justice Thatcher who stated that the law of Massachusetts should not be violated, however, at the same time the ruling decision should be made by Congress. The case's decision really analyzed the meaning of the 4th Amendment (1791) and was one of many cases that paved a way to the ratification of the 13th Amendment (1865).

Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 was an Act of the United States Congress to give effect to the Fugitive Slave Clause of the U.S. Constitution (Article IV, Section 2, Clause 3), which was later superseded by the Thirteenth Amendment, and to also give effect to the Extradition Clause (Article 4, Section 2, Clause 2). The Constitution's Fugitive Slave Clause guaranteed a right for a slaveholder to recover an escaped slave. The subsequent Act, "An Act respecting fugitives from justice, and persons escaping from the service of their masters", created the legal mechanism by which that could be accomplished.
Garry Flitcroft
Garry William Flitcroft (born 6 November 1972) is an English football manager and former professional player who played as a midfielder.

Between 1991 and 2006, Flitcroft spent four seasons in the Premier League with Manchester City, winning the club's Player of the Year award in only his second year in senior football. He joined Blackburn Rovers in 1996, with whom he spent ten years, of which eight were in the Premier League, and won the 2001–02 Football League Cup. He also played briefly in the Football League, beginning his career on loan to Bury and ending it with Sheffield United. He was capped 10 times by England U21, scoring three goals.

In 2009 he became manager of Leigh Genesis and the following year took over as manager of Chorley, where he won two promotions in five years, taking the team up to the Conference North.

2001–02 Football League Cup
The 2001–02 Football League Cup (known as the Worthington Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 42nd staging of the Football League Cup, a knockout competition for England's top 92 football clubs.

The competition began on 20 August 2001, and ended with the final on 26 February 2002 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff as Wembley Stadium had been closed for a rebuild.

The tournament was won by Blackburn Rovers, who beat Tottenham Hotspur 2–1 in the final, thanks to single strikes from Matt Jansen and Andy Cole, sandwiched by an equaliser from Christian Ziege. Blackburn had only just returned to the Premier League at the beginning of the season after relegation several years earlier.