hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Curle
Charles Thomas William Curle (4 July 1916 – 28 September 2006), better known as Adam Curle, was a British academic, known for his work in social psychology, pedagogy, development studies and peace studies. After holding posts at the University of Oxford, University of Exeter, University of Ghana and Harvard University, in 1973 he became the inaugural Professor of Peace Studies at the University of Bradford, following the establishment of the University's Department of Peace Studies. Curle's works included several books on education, including Educational Strategy for Developing Societies (1963), and a number of books on peace and peacemaking, including Making Peace (1971). He was also, throughout his career and after his retirement in 1978, active in peacemaking and mediation, and visited Nigeria and Biafra several times as part of a Quaker contingent during the Nigerian Civil War of 1967–70.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Xcode
Xcode is a suite of developer tools for building apps on Apple devices. It includes an integrated development environment (IDE)  of the same name for macOS, used to develop software for macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, and visionOS. It was initially released in late 2003; the latest stable release is version 26.3, released on February 26, 2026, and is available free of charge via the Mac App Store and the Apple Developer website. Registered developers can also download preview releases and prior versions of the suite through the Apple Developer website. Xcode includes command-line tools that enable UNIX-style development via the Terminal app in macOS. They can also be downloaded and installed without the GUI.

Before Xcode, Apple offered developers Project Builder and Interface Builder to develop Mac OS X applications.

IPadOS
iPadOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple for its iPad line of tablet computers. It was given a name distinct from iOS, the operating system used by Apple's iPhones, to reflect the diverging features of the two product lines, such as multitasking. It was introduced as iPadOS 13, reflecting its status as the successor to iOS 12 for the iPad, and first released to the public on September 24, 2019. Major versions of iPadOS are released annually; the current stable version, iPadOS 26.2.1, was released to the public on January 26, 2026.
Yago Takanori
Yago Takanori (Japanese: 矢後 太規; born 8 July 1994) is a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Memuro, Hokkaido. He was an amateur champion at Chuo University and won the Amateur Yokozuna title at the All-Japan Sumo Championships in December 2016. He made his professional debut in May 2017, joining Oguruma stable. He reached the jūryō division in September 2017 and the top makuuchi division in January 2019. His highest rank has been maegashira 10.

Memuro, Hokkaido
Memuro (芽室町, Memuro-chō) is a town located in Tokachi Subprefecture, Hokkaidō, Japan.  As of 31 December 2025, the town had an estimated population of 17,573 in 8051 households, and a population density of 34 people per km2. The total area of the town is 513.76 km2 (198.36 sq mi).
Tetsuo Owada
Tetsuo Owada (小和田 哲男, Owada Tetsuo; born February 1, 1944) is a Japanese historian and emeritus professor of Shizuoka University.

Owada graduated from Waseda University. His work focuses on the studies of history and castles in the Sengoku period of Japan. He is especially famous for his research into the Imagawa clan and Later Hōjō clan. He often works as a historical consultant for the Taiga drama series and makes television appearances on NHK.

Later Hōjō clan
The Later Hōjō clan (Japanese: 後北条氏, Hepburn: Go-Hōjō-shi) was one of the most powerful samurai families in Japan in the Sengoku period and held domains primarily in the Kantō region. Their last name was simply Hōjō (北条), but were called "Later Hōjō" to differentiate between the earlier Hōjō clan who had the same name and mon, even though it was not their official family name.
Togmidyn Dorjkhand
Togmidyn Dorjkhand (born 1977) is a Mongolian politician, serving as the Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia, member of the parliament (MP) and chairman of the HUN Party. He has been serving in the parliament since 2020; originally elected from the Right Person Electorate Coalition.

State Great Khural
The State Great Khural is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia, located in the Government Palace in the capital Ulaanbaatar. Elections to the State Great Khural are held every four years, the latest election was held in June 2024.

The State Great Khural currently consists of 126 seats, 78 of which were elected by multiple non-transferable vote in multi-member constituencies whilst the other 48 were elected by closed list proportional representation. Prior to the 2023 constitutional amendment, the State Great Khural was made up of 76 seats, all elected by plurality block voting.

After the ratification of the 1992 Constitution, which abolished the bicameral People's Great Khural and the State Baga Khural, a unicameral parliament was established and first convened on 20 July 1992.
Tesa SA
Tesa SA is a Swiss company in precision measurement products. It was set up in 1941 and is currently headquartered in Renens, Switzerland. It is a division of Hexagon AB, a Swedish multinational corporation.

In 1967 it became part of the USA Brown & Sharpe group, with which it had already worked together for roughly 10 years.

From the eighties on, Tesa acquired a number of companies and their brands: Roch Rolle, Etalon (1981), Merced Ltd., Roch France, Mauser, Compac Geneve, Cary (2000), Sud Messures (2003).

In 2001, the Brown & Sharpe group is bought by the Swedish Hexagon AB group. However, the manufacturing group of Brown & Sharpe was not bought. All precision measurement products of Brown & Sharpe were already manufactured under the Tesa brand, and production (by Tesa) could be done elsewhere.

Brown & Sharpe
Brown & Sharpe is a division of Hexagon AB, a Swedish multinational corporation focused mainly on metrological tools and technology. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Brown & Sharpe was one of the best-known and most influential machine tool builders and was a leading manufacturer of instruments for machinists (such as micrometers and indicators). Its reputation and influence were such that its name is often considered to be inseparably paired with certain industrial standards that it helped establish, including:

The American wire gauge (AWG) standards for wire;

The Brown & Sharpe taper in machine tool spindle tapers; and

The Brown & Sharpe worm threadform for worm gears.

Since being acquired by Hexagon Metrology in 2001, Brown and Sharpe has concentrated exclusively on metrology equipment.
Niaosong District
22°39′40″N 120°22′21″E﻿ / ﻿22.661225°N 120.372364°E﻿ / 22.661225; 120.372364

Niaosong District (Chinese: 鳥松區; pinyin: Niǎosōng Qū; Wade–Giles: Niao3-sung1 Ch'ü1) is a rural district of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.

District (Taiwan)
Districts are administrative subdivisions of Taiwan's special municipalities of the second level and provincial cities of the third level formerly under its provinces. There are two types of district in the administrative scheme:

Ordinary districts are governed directly by the municipality/city government, with district administrators appointed by mayors to four-year terms. The mountain indigenous district is a local government body with elected district chiefs as well as district council serving four-year terms.
Phalguna Mela
Phalguna Mela is the most important festival associated with the temple of Khatushyam and Shyam Temple Bhatli. The festival occurs 8–9 days before the festival of Holi. Barbarika's head appeared on Phalguna Shuddha Ekadashi, the 11th day of the bright half of the Hindu month of Phalguna. The fair was initially held from the 9th to the 12th of that month, later extended to nearly 12–15 days of the bright half of the Phalguna Month.

Pilgrims all over the country attend with nishaans (holy mark - flags) in their hands. People mark their holy journey by singing shyam bhajans and playing various musical instruments. They play holi with gulal. Many Shyam Bhaktas supply food to pedestrians in the shade of tents. On Dwadashi (the 12th day of the month), Bhog is prepared as Baba's Prasadi of Kheer and Churama.

Two famous Phalguna mela are from Khatushyam rajastan and Bhatli odisha.

Barbarika
Barbarika (Barbarīka) in Hinduism is the son of Ghatotkacha and Princess Ahilawati or Maurvi. Ghatotkach is the son of Bhima and Hidimbi. Maurvi is the daughter of Daitya Moora (Army Chief of Demon King Narakasura) and Demoness Danavi. Babarika is a folk hero and is not directly attested in the Mahabharata.

In Nepal, Kirati king Yalambar is believed to be the Barbarik of Mahabharata, son of Ghatotkach and grandson of Bheem. Legend credits him with meeting Indra, the lord of heaven, who ventured into the Valley in human guise, while natives of the Kathmandu Valley portray him as Akash Bhairav.

In Rajasthan, Barbarika is worshipped as Khatu Shyam in Khatu Shyam Temple, and in Gujarat, he is worshipped as Baliyadev.
John Johns Trigg
John Johns Trigg (1748 – May 17, 1804) was an American planter and politician from Bedford County, Virginia who served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly after fighting as a Virginia militiaman in the Revolutionary War, then served in the U.S. Congress from 1797 until his death.

Bedford County, Virginia
Bedford County is a United States county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its county seat is the town of Bedford, which was an independent city from 1968 until rejoining the county in 2013.

Bedford County was created in 1753 from parts of Lunenburg County, and several changes in alignment were made until the present borders were established in 1786. The county was named in honor of John Russell, an English statesman and fourth Duke of Bedford.

Bedford County is part of the Lynchburg metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Bedford's population was 79,462. The county population has more than doubled since 1980.
Jacob Hollister
Jacob Hollister (born November 18, 1993) is an American professional football tight end. He played college football at Wyoming. He has been a member of the New England Patriots, Seattle Seahawks, Buffalo Bills, Jacksonville Jaguars, Las Vegas Raiders, and Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL).

Wyoming Cowboys football
The Wyoming Cowboys football program represents the University of Wyoming in NCAA college football. They compete in the Mountain West Conference of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of NCAA Division I and have won 14 conference titles. Their current head coach is Jay Sawvel who is entering his second season as head coach in 2025 after serving as the programs Defensive Coordinator for the previous four seasons.

The Cowboy football program has been among the most notable of "stepping stone" programs due to the success of its former coaches. Coaches such as Bowden Wyatt, Bob Devaney, Fred Akers, Pat Dye, Dennis Erickson and Joe Tiller were at Wyoming immediately prior to gaining notoriety at bigger football powerhouses.
Clayton Stanley
Clayton Iona "Clay" Stanley (born January 20, 1978) is an American former volleyball player, who was a member of United States men's national volleyball team, a participant of the Olympic Games (Athens 2004, Beijing 2008, London 2012), Olympic Champion 2008, NORCECA Champion 2005, and multimedalist of the World League.

In October 2021, he was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame, along with Logan Tom and Todd Rogers.

Volleyball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in volleyball at the 2008 Summer Olympics was the 12th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organized by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Beijing, China from 10 to 24 August 2008.

The twelve competing teams were split equally into two pools of six teams. Each team played all other teams in their pool with the winning team gaining 2 points and the losing side 1 point. The top four teams from each pool progressed through to the quarterfinals. The rest of the tournament was a single-elimination bracket, with a bronze medal match held between the two semifinal losers.

A total of 38 matches were played: 15 in each group, 4 quarterfinals, 2 semifinals, 1 bronze medal match, and 1 gold medal match.
Crown of Gaya
The crowns of Gaya refers to two excavated pieces that are believed to be the headgear of the elite of the Gaya Confederacy. These crowns share the general traditions of Korean crowns, such as the use of diadems, which follows the tradition of the Baekje and the use of headbands with uprights, most notably used in the crowns of Silla. However, the Gaya crowns are obviously distinctive from the traditions of the Silla and Baekje and shows that the Gaya people enjoyed an independent culture.

National Treasure (South Korea)
National Treasure (Korean: 국보) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for tangible objects of significant artistic, cultural, and historical value. Examples of objects include art, artifacts, sites, or buildings. It is administered by the Korea Heritage Service (KHS). Additions to the list are decided by the Cultural Heritage Committee.

Many of the registered items are popular tourist attractions for South Korea. Examples include Jongmyo, Bulguksa, Seokguram, and the Tripitaka Koreana at Haeinsa. As of December 2020, there are 348 distinct entries on the list, some composed of a large number of sub-entries. The treasures are numbered according to the order in which they were designated, not according to their individual value.
2026 Palarong Pambansa
The 2026 Palarong Pambansa, officially known as the 66th Palarong Pambansa, billed as 2026 Palaro Tu Agsur (stylized in all caps), is an upcoming multi-sport event held in Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur in 2026. Student-athletes from unspecified number of athletic associations representing the 18 regions of the Philippines competed in different sporting events and disciplines.

Prosperidad
Prosperidad, officially the Municipality of Prosperidad (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Prosperidad; Tagalog: Bayan ng Prosperidad), is a  municipality and capital of the province of Agusan del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 88,321 people.

Prosperidad was created on June 18, 1960, through Republic Act No. 2650.

Prosperidad is the venue of the Naliyagan Festival, an annual event celebrated by the entire province of Agusan del Sur. It also hosts its own festival called the Angot Festival celebrated every 28 September in honor of St. Michael the Archangel.
Galaxy harassment
Galaxy harassment is when a galaxy undergoes frequent high speed galaxy collisions within galaxy clusters. The processes of galaxy harassment can change the morphology of the galaxy. This includes such effects includes triggering starbursts, exceptionally high rates of star formation. It also causes morphological changes in the galaxy too such as spiral galaxies morphing into dwarf elliptical galaxies. Galaxy harassment is different from galactic mergers where mergers often transform disk galaxies into elliptical galaxies or spheroidal galaxies while galaxy harassment are rarely direct hits and leaves behind detectable arcs of debris. These debris arcs could also provide fuel for quasars in host galaxies.

Disc galaxy
A disc galaxy (or disk galaxy) is a galaxy characterized by a galactic disc. This is a flattened circular volume of stars that are mainly orbiting the galactic core in the same plane. These galaxies may or may not include a central non-disc-like region (a galactic bulge). They will typically have an orbiting mass of gas and dust in the same plane as the stars. Interactions with other nearby galaxies can perturb and stretch the galactic disk.

Disc galaxy types include:

Spiral galaxies:
Unbarred spiral galaxies: (types S, SA)
Barred spiral galaxies: (type SB)
Intermediate spiral galaxies: (type SAB)

Lenticular galaxies: (types E8, S0, SA0, SB0, SAB0)

Galaxies that are not disc types include:

Elliptical galaxies: (type dE)

Irregular galaxies: (type dI)
Ron Kostelnik
Ronald Michael Kostelnik (January 14, 1940 - January 29, 1993) was an American professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons with the Green Bay Packers and one with the Baltimore Colts. He played college football for the Cincinnati Bearcats. He won two Super Bowls with the Packers and was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame.

Cincinnati Bearcats football
The Cincinnati Bearcats football team represents the University of Cincinnati in college football. They compete at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level as members of the Big 12 Conference. They have played their home games in historic and renovated Nippert Stadium since 1924. The Bearcats have an all-time record of over .500, having reached their 600th program victory in 2017.
Sherman's March (1986 film)
Sherman's March: A Meditation on the Possibility of Romantic Love In the South During an Era of Nuclear Weapons Proliferation is a 1986 cinéma vérité documentary film written and directed by Ross McElwee. It was awarded a Grand Jury prize at the 1987 Sundance Film Festival, and was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry in 2000.

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
Sydney Express (passenger train)
The Sydney Express was a passenger train which operated between Australia's two most populous cities, Melbourne and Sydney, between 1883 and 1937. The service commenced when the Victorian (broad gauge) railway was extended across the Murray River to Albury to link with New South Wales' standard gauge line. The Sydney Express was superseded in 1937 by the Spirit of Progress, which also terminated at Albury until 1962, when the North East railway line was converted to standard gauge allowing it, and the new Southern Aurora to operate through to Sydney.

Victorian Railways
The Victorian Railways (VR), trading from 1974 as VicRail, was the state-owned operator of most rail transport in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companies failed or defaulted, the Victorian Railways was established to take over their operations. Most of the lines operated by the Victorian Railways were of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). However, the railways also operated up to five 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge lines between 1898 and 1962, and a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line between Albury and Melbourne from 1961.
A New Era of Corruption
A New Era of Corruption is the third studio album by American deathcore band Whitechapel. It was released worldwide on June 8, 2010, through Metal Blade Records. In the USA, just under 10,700 copies were sold in the first week, placing it at No. 43 on the Billboard 200 chart. This is the last Whitechapel album to feature drummer Kevin Lane.

Metal Blade Records
Metal Blade Records (often shortened to Metal Blade) is an American independent record label founded by Brian Slagel in 1982 based in the U.S. state of California. The label primarily focuses on heavy metal.
FC Rodopa Smolyan
FC Rodopa (ФК Родопа) is a Bulgarian football club based in Smolyan, which currently plays in the South-East Third League, the third tier of Bulgarian football league system. The team was named after the Rhodope Mountains and plays its home matches at the local Stadion Septemvri. Rodopa's traditional home kit consists of green and white.

Rodopa was founded in 1927. The club spent the majority of its history playing between the second and third tiers of Bulgarian football. In 2003, Rodopa managed to promote to the A Group for the first time in its history. The team managed to remain four seasons in the top division, before suffering relegation at the end of the 2006–07 season. Since then, the club has returned to lower leagues.

2006–07 A Group
The 2006–07 A Group was the 59th season of the Bulgarian A Football Group since its establishment in 1948 and the 83rd of a Bulgarian national top football division.

The league was contested by 16 teams, thirteen returning from the 2005–06 season and three promoted from the B Group. Levski Sofia won the championship scoring a record 96 goals.
Edwin Astwood
Edwin Andre Astwood (born 24 August 1973) is a politician from the Turks and Caicos Islands who has been Leader of the Opposition since February 2021 and Leader of the PDM party since June 2021. He served as Minister of Health, Agriculture and Human Services from 2016 to 2021. Astwood has been a Member of the House of Assembly for Grand Turk South & Salt Cay since November 2012. He is the son of one of the founders of the People's Democratic Movement (PDM), Lewis Edwin Astwood III.

Parliament of the Turks and Caicos Islands
The Parliament of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the legislature of the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands. The name of the house was changed from the Legislative Council of the Turks and Caicos Islands to House of Assembly of the Turks and Caicos Islands following the implementation of the new constitution on 9 August 2006. The current name was adopted on 10 December 2024.

In August 2009, the United Kingdom suspended the Turks and Caicos' self-government after allegations of ministerial corruption. The prerogative of the ministerial government and the House of Assembly were vested in the islands' governor until a general election was held in November 2012.
2000 Rugby League World Cup qualifying
2000 Rugby League World Cup qualifying was contested by the national rugby league football teams of Lebanon, the United States, Morocco, Canada, Italy and Japan for the 16th spot in the 2000 Rugby League World Cup tournament. Lebanon won the tournament and went on to the World Cup.

2000 Rugby League World Cup
The 2000 Rugby League World Cup was the twelfth World Cup for men’s national rugby league teams, held between 28 October and 25 November and hosted between the United Kingdom, Ireland and France. Australia won their ninth title by beating New Zealand 40-12 in the final at Old Trafford.

Following the success of the previous tournament, the World Cup was expanded to 16 teams and for the first time featured qualification rounds before the finals.

Alongside the men's tournament, it was also the same year when the inaugural Women's Rugby League World Cup was first played.