hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Khanate of Kazan
The Khanate of Kazan was a Tatar state that encompassed the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria from 1438 until 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan.

It was one of the successor states of the Golden Horde 
(Mongol state), and it came to an end when it was conquered by the Tsardom of Russia.

Chuvashia
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. The republic's capital city is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
First Presbyterian Church (Greenville, Alabama)
First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church at 215 East Commerce Street in Greenville, Alabama, United States.  It was built in 1886 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.  The church is a member of the Presbyterian Church in America.

Presbyterian Church in America
The Presbyterian Church in America (PCA) is the second-largest Presbyterian church body, behind only the Presbyterian Church (USA), and the largest conservative Calvinist denomination in the United States. The PCA is Reformed in theology and presbyterian in government.
Kenny Higgins
Kenny Higgins (born September 21, 1982) is an American former football wide receiver. He was originally signed by the San Diego Chargers as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Toledo.

Higgins also played for the Memphis Xplorers, Nashville Kats, Grand Rapids Rampage, and Toronto Argonauts.

Nashville Kats
The Nashville Kats were an Arena Football League team, located in Nashville, Tennessee. They were last coached by Pat Sperduto, who coached the team's original incarnation to two ArenaBowl appearances prior to the original franchise's move to Atlanta in 2002 (then becoming the Georgia Force).  Sperduto also coached the second incarnation of the Nashville Kats following their return to the Arena Football League as an expansion team in 2005.
Gene Calderazzo
Gene Calderazzo (born 23 April 1961 in New York City) is an American jazz drummer residing in the United Kingdom, where he is a visiting tutor at the Birmingham Conservatoire, the Royal Academy of Music, Trinity and the Guildhall. He also drums for the jazz quartet, Partisans, with Julien Siegel (saxophones), Phil Robson (guitar), and Thad Kelly (bass).

He is a long-term member of a quartet that contains Julian Siegel, pianist Liam Noble, and bassist Oli Hayhurst. Their first album, Urban Theme Park (2011) was followed by Vista in 2018.

Julian Siegel
Julian H. Siegel (born 1966) is a British jazz saxophone and clarinet player, and a composer and arranger, described by MOJO Magazine as "One of the UK's most creative saxophonists".

Siegel has toured and recorded with Greg Cohen and Joey Baron and was awarded the BBC Jazz Awards 2007 for Best Instrumentalist.

Siegel won the 2011 London Awards for Art and Performance Jazz. In 2015 won his quartet Partisans (Gene Calderazzo, Phil Robson, Thad Kelly) with the album Swamp the Parliamentary Jazz Awards Jazz Album of the Year.
Levator claviculae muscle
In human anatomy, the levator claviculae is a very rare accessory and vestigial skeletal muscle in the posterior triangle of the neck.  It originates on the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae and is inserted in the lateral half of the clavicle.  Though a supernumerary muscle present in only 2–3% of all people, it is not an abnormality but a variant of normal human anatomy with an atavistic character.

It has also been referred to as the omocervicalis, cleidocervicalis, and tracheloacromial muscle, with the variation in names indicating different sites of origin and insertion.

Human vestigiality
In the context of human evolution, vestigiality involves those traits occurring in humans that have lost all or most of their original function through evolution. Although structures called vestigial often appear functionless, they may retain lesser functions or develop minor new ones. In some cases, structures once identified as vestigial simply had an unrecognized function. Vestigial organs are sometimes called rudimentary organs. Many human characteristics are also vestigial in other primates and related animals.
Let's Talk About Love (Modern Talking album)
Let's Talk About Love is the second studio album by German duo Modern Talking, released on 14 October 1985 by Hansa Records. The album peaked at number two in Germany, spending four weeks at that position. After spending 11 weeks within the top 10 and 44 weeks altogether on the German chart, it eventually earned a platinum certification from the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI) for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies in Germany.

The album's only single, "Cheri, Cheri Lady", spent four weeks at the top of the German Singles Chart, while also topping the charts in Austria, Norway and Switzerland.

Cheri, Cheri Lady
"Cheri, Cheri Lady" is a song by German pop duo Modern Talking from their second studio album, Let's Talk About Love (1985). It was released as the album's only single on 2 September 1985 and reached number one on the German Singles Chart, becoming the duo's third consecutive number-one single in West Germany, following "You're My Heart, You're My Soul" and "You Can Win If You Want". The single spent four weeks at the top and a total of 24 weeks on the German chart, and eventually went gold, selling over 250,000 units there. "Cheri, Cheri Lady" has also been certified silver in France, denoting sales in excess of 250,000 units.
C. Bechstein
C. Bechstein Pianoforte AG (also known as Bechstein, German pronunciation: [ˈbɛçʃtaɪn]) is a German piano manufacturer of grand and upright pianos, established in Berlin in 1853 by piano designer Carl Bechstein.

Jorge Bolet
Jorge Bolet (November 15, 1914 – October 16, 1990) was a Cuban-born American concert pianist, conductor and teacher. Among his teachers were Leopold Godowsky, and Moriz Rosenthal – the latter a renowned pupil of Franz Liszt.
Congratulations!
Congratulations! (Russian: Поздравляем!, romanized: Pozdravlyayem!, Op. 111) is a 1975 opera by Mieczysław Weinberg to his own Russian libretto after the Yiddish play Mazel Tov by Sholem Aleichem. The plot, closely following the text of Sholem Aleichem's play, emphasises the class conflict to placate Soviet censors, for whom otherwise a Jewish topic may have proved problematic. The opera premiered in Moscow in 1983. Present at the premiere was Vladimir Stoupel, who conducted the premiere outside Russia at the Konzerthaus Berlin in 2012.

Mazel Tov (play)
Mazel-tov (Yiddish: מזל טוב,  Yiddish: mazel tov; Russian title either «Мазлтов» or «Поздравляем», 1889), is a one-act Yiddish-language play by Sholem Aleichem. The play focuses on the relationship between servants, the cook Beyle, and the upstairs rich, the Landlord. One memorable servant song from the 1889 play "Bitter is the food That gets burnt, Bitter is it to work Beyond your strength", was later recycled and included into the 1949 and 1969 Jewish Theatre, Warsaw production of The Gold Diggers. The play was revived after the Revolution among the repertoire of the Moscow Yiddish Chamber Theater (GOSET) in the 1920s. It was set as an opera Congratulations! (Russian: «Поздравляем!», Op. 111) by Mieczysław Weinberg in 1975.
Maschito
Maschito (Arbëreshë Albanian: Mashqiti; Lucano: Maschìte) is a town and comune of the province of Potenza, in the Basilicata region of southern Italy. Like other towns in the Vulture area, Maschito was repopulated by Albanian refugees after the occupation of Albania by the Ottoman Empire.

Province of Potenza
The province of Potenza (Italian: provincia di Potenza; Potentino: provìgnë dë Pùtenzë) is a province in the region of Basilicata in southern Italy. Its capital is the city of Potenza.

It has a population of 340,909 in an area of 6,594 square kilometres (2,546 mi2) across its 100 municipalities (comuni).
Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)
Bojhena Se Bojhena (transl. They Don’t Understand) is an Indian Bengali-language romantic television soap opera that premiered on 4 November 2013 on Star Jalsha. Produced by Shree Venkatesh Films, the series is an official remake of the Hindi television series Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?, which aired on StarPlus. The show starred Yash Dasgupta and Madhumita Sarkar in the lead roles.

The series concluded on 18 June 2016 after airing 822 episodes.

Due to its sustained popularity, the series was re-telecast multiple times. During the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, it was re-aired on Star Jalsha as part of nostalgia programming. The show returned for another rerun in July 2023.

Shree Venkatesh Films
SVF Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.  is an Indian film production and distribution company, founded by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni in 1995. Apart from producing and distributing Bengali films in West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam and Tripura, SVF also distributes Bollywood and Hollywood films in East India. The other divisions of the company include Exhibition, TV Content Production, Digital Cinema, Music, New Media and IPR syndication. SVF was in Anandabazar Patrika's powerlist for 2008 and 2010.
Montana Railroad
The Montana Railroad was an American railroad built and operated between the towns of Lombard and Lewistown, Montana, a distance of approximately 157 miles.  The railroad connected with the national railway network via a connection with the Northern Pacific Railway at Lombard.  The Montana Railroad line was constructed between 1895 and 1903, and operated independently until 1908, when it was acquired by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad ("the Milwaukee Road").  The railroad was colloquially known as "the Jawbone", because of the contrast between the promising statements of the line's promoters and the company's perennially-weak financial position.

Lewistown, Montana
Lewistown is a city in and the county seat of Fergus County, Montana, United States. The population was 5,952 at the 2020 census. Lewistown is located in the geographic center of the state, southeast of Great Falls and northwest of Billings. First planned in 1882, it was the site of an 1880s gold rush, and served as an important railway destination, supplying surrounding communities with bricks via rail.
John F. Petit
John Frank Petit (September 29, 1887–April 9, 1963) was an American politician and businessman.

Petit was born in Sugar Grove, Illinois. He was involved with the insurance and real estate business. Petit was also involved with the Democratic Party. He served as the postmaster for Mooseheart, Illinois during the administration of President Woodrow Wilson. Petit lived in Batavia, Illinois. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from  1928 to 1939. He died at his home in Carpentersville, Illinois from a long illness.

Batavia, Illinois
Batavia (/bəˈteɪviə/) is a city mainly in Kane County and partly in DuPage County in the U.S. state of Illinois. Located in the Chicago metropolitan area, it was founded in 1833 and is the oldest city in Kane County. Per the 2020 census, the population was 26,098.

During the latter part of the 19th century, Batavia, home to six American-style windmill manufacturing companies, became known as "The Windmill City". Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, a federal government-sponsored high-energy physics laboratory, where both the bottom quark and the top quark were first detected, is located just east of the city limits.

Batavia is part of a vernacular region known as the Tri-City area, along with St. Charles and Geneva, all western suburbs of similar size and relative socioeconomic condition.
Lee Michaels
Lee Eugene Michaels (born Michael Lee Olson, November 24, 1945) is an American rock musician who sings and accompanies himself on organ, piano, or guitar. He is best known for his 1971 Top 10 US hit single, "Do You Know What I Mean". In 1988 he founded the Marina del Rey, California-based restaurant chain Killer Shrimp which he and his family continue to operate to this day.

Do You Know What I Mean
"Do You Know What I Mean" is a song written and performed by Lee Michaels.  It was produced by Michaels.

It reached #6 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and #4 on the Cash Box Top 100 in the summer of 1971.  The song was featured on his 1971 album, 5th.
The single ranked #19 on Billboard's Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1971.
Barbara New
Barbara Helene Barrington (9 May 1923 – 24 May 2010) better known by her stage and birth maiden name Barbara New was an English character actress, well known for playing Mabel the scullery maid in the David Croft sitcom You Rang, M'Lord?. Following this role, she appeared as Vera Plumtree in all twenty episodes of the BBC's final David Croft sitcom Oh, Doctor Beeching!. She had previously played smaller parts in Croft's sitcoms Dad's Army and Hi-de-Hi!.

New had a lengthy acting career, mainly in British television and played many other roles including appearances in Z-Cars, Emu's Broadcasting Company, Ripping Yarns and the silent Ronnie Barker comedy By the Sea. One of her last screen appearances was as Ali G's Nan in the 2002 film Ali G Indahouse.

New also appeared in television adverts for Vicks over a twenty-year period, initially as a mother and later as a grandmother.

She was married to the actor Michael Barrington until his death in 1988.

Michael Barrington
Michael Barrington (3 July 1924 – 5 June 1988) was a British actor best known for his television work. His best remembered role is as the ineffectual Governor Venables in the BBC sitcom Porridge which featured Ronnie Barker in the lead role.
Hungarians in Croatia
Hungarians are a recognized ethnic minority in Croatia. According to the 2021 census there were 10,315 Hungarians living in Croatia. According to the 2011 census there were 14,048 people of Hungarian ethnicity living in Croatia (or 0.33% of total population). Around two thirds of them (8,249) live in Osijek-Baranja County in eastern Croatia, especially in the Croatian part of the Baranya region which borders Hungary to the north. There are also small Hungarian communities in other parts of the country, including areas in Bjelovar-Bilogora County in central Croatia where 881 people identify themselves as Hungarian.

Baranya (region)
Baranya or Baranja (Croatian: Baranja, pronounced [bǎraɲa]; Hungarian: Baranya, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ]) is a geographical and historical region between the Danube and the Drava rivers located in the Pannonian Plain. Its territory is divided between Hungary and Croatia. In Hungary, the region is included in Baranya county, while in Croatia, it is part of Osijek-Baranja county.
Ernest L. Blumenschein House
The Ernest L. Blumenschein House is a historic house museum and art gallery at 222 Ledoux Street in Taos, New Mexico.  It was a home of painter Ernest L. Blumenschein (1874-1960), a co-founder of the Taos Society of Artists and one of the Taos Six.  It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.

Ernest L. Blumenschein
Ernest Leonard Blumenschein (May 26, 1874  – June 6, 1960) was an American artist and founding member of the Taos Society of Artists. He is noted for paintings of Native Americans, New Mexico and the American Southwest.
Tae-Hye-Ji
Tae-Hye-Ji (Korean: 태혜지) is a coined term and acronym used in South Korean media and popular culture to refer to three actresses: Kim Tae-hee, Song Hye-kyo, and Jun Ji-hyun. The term emerged in the early 2000s to collectively describe the actresses who were identified by The Korea Herald as the representative icons of the Korean Wave (Hallyu) due to their brand recognition and advertising value.

The term has been widely referenced in Korean media coverage discussing celebrity branding and generational comparisons. Media outlets have drawn parallels between this grouping and the "1970s Troika" (Jeong Yun-hui, Chang Mi-hee, and Yu Ji-in), citing Tae-Hye-Ji as a modern continuation of the industry's "troika" tradition.

Song Hye-kyo
Song Hye-kyo (Korean: 송혜교; born November 22, 1981) is a South Korean actress. She gained international fame through her leading roles in the television dramas Autumn in My Heart (2000), All In (2003), Full House (2004), That Winter, the Wind Blows (2013), Descendants of the Sun (2016), Encounter (2018–2019), and The Glory (2022–2023). Her film work includes Hwang Jin Yi (2007), The Grandmaster (2013), My Brilliant Life (2014), and Dark Nuns (2025).

In 2017, Song ranked 7th in Forbes magazine's Korea Power Celebrity 40 list, and 6th in 2018. She is referred to as one of "The Troika", along with Kim Tae-hee and Jun Ji-hyun, collectively known by the acronym "Tae-Hye-Ji". The success of Song's television dramas internationally established her as a top hallyu star.
Adam Rayner
Adam Rayner (born 1977) is an English actor. He is known for television roles including: Dominic Montgomery in Mistresses, Dr. Steve Shaw in Hawthorne, Aidan Marsh	in Hunted, Bassam "Barry" Al-Fayeed in Tyrant, and Tal-Rho in Superman & Lois. He has also appeared on stage in The Rivals (Bristol Old Vic, 2004), Romeo and Juliet (Royal Shakespeare Theatre, 2006), and Much Ado About Nothing (Novello, 2006).

Hawthorne (TV series)
Hawthorne (sometimes stylized HawthoRNe) is an American medical drama television series created by John Masius. It starred Jada Pinkett Smith and Michael Vartan and premiered on TNT on June 16, 2009. On September 16, 2010, it was announced that Hawthorne had been renewed for a third season consisting of ten episodes. The season premiered on June 14, 2011, and ended on August 16, 2011.

On September 2, 2011, it was announced that TNT had decided not to renew Hawthorne for a fourth season, so the season 3 finale, a cliffhanger, was the series finale.
Beesley's Point, New Jersey
Beesley's Point is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Upper Township, in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Beesley's Point is on Peck Bay across from Ocean City. Beesley's Point is home to the Beesley's Point Generating Station and one end of the now-closed Beesley's Point Bridge.

It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 816.

A post office was established in 1851, with Joseph Chatten as the first postmaster.

Great Egg Harbor Bay
Great Egg Harbor Bay (or Great Egg Harbor) is a bay between Atlantic and Cape May counties along the southern New Jersey coast. The name derives from Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May's description of the plentiful birds laying eggs, naming the waters Eyren Haven, which translates to Egg Harbor in English. The bay has a total area of 8.5 mi2 (22 km2). Its depth ranges from shallow waters in the southern extension, called Peck Bay, to a 33 ft (10 m) deep channel.

The Great Egg Harbor River and its 17 tributaries empty into the bay. During the Sangamonian interglacial period, the Great Egg Harbor River existed as a delta that covered much of southern Cape May County. Over time, the waterway shifted its course, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean at the Great Egg Harbor Inlet between Ocean City and Longport. In the eastern periphery, the bay measures 5.0 mi (8 km) along the coast, bordered by Ocean City on the east.
Joseph Nutt
Joseph Nutt (c. 1700 – 16 October 1775) was an English surveyor of highways, born in Hinckley, Leicestershire. After studying medicine in London, he returned to Hinckley to practice as a doctor. He became popular in his local community for his frequent practice of treating poor people free of charge. When later he was elected surveyor of highways for the parish, Nutt came up with a method of flooding the highways in order to produce more solid ground. In spite of initial resistance, the new method met with success. John Dyer, Nutt's friend, wrote about him in the poem The Fleece.

In 1774, Nutt married Susannah Goode (1714–1799). He died at Hinckley the next year.

Hinckley
Hinckley is a market town in south-west Leicestershire, England, administered by Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council. Hinckley is the third largest settlement in Leicestershire, after Leicester and Loughborough, and is about halfway between Leicester and Coventry, close to Nuneaton and Watling Street, on the border with Warwickshire. The town is part of an urban area with the large village of Burbage to the south.
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin (Serbian Cyrillic: Петроварадин, pronounced [petroʋarǎdiːn]) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across the main part of Novi Sad, it is built around the Petrovaradin Fortress, the historical anchor of the modern city.

Josip Jelačić
Count Josip Jelačić von Bužim (16 October 1801 – 20 May 1859; also spelled Jellachich, Jellačić or Jellasics; Croatian: Josip grof Jelačić Bužimski; Hungarian: Jelasics József) was a Croatian lieutenant field marshal in the Imperial Austrian Army and politician. He was the Ban of Croatia between 23 March 1848 and 19 April 1859. He was a member of the House of Jelačić and a noted army general, remembered for his military campaigns during the Revolutions of 1848 and for his abolition of serfdom in Croatia.
Got Talent
Got Talent is a British talent show TV format conceived and owned by Simon Cowell's Syco Entertainment. It has spawned spin-offs in over 60 countries, in what is now referred to as the 'Got Talent' format, similar to that described by Fremantle of the Idol and The X Factor formats. Unlike those shows, Got Talent (influenced by the variety of talent shows Opportunity Knocks and New Faces) showcases other artistic disciplines as well as singers.

In April 2014, the format was named the world's most successful reality TV format ever by Guinness World Records. Cowell said: "I am very proud that Got Talent is a homegrown British show. We owe its success to a group of very talented producers all over the world who have made this happen. And of course amazing talent."

Talent show
A talent show or talent contest is an event in which participants perform the arts of singing, dancing, lip-syncing, acting, martial arts, playing an instrument, poetry, comedy or other activities to showcase skills. Many talent shows are performances rather than contests, but some are actual contests. In the instance of a contest, participants may be motivated to perform for a reward, trophy, or prize of some kind. For example, a high school might not have many students with any interest in performing in front of the student body for the sole purpose of performing alone and may offer different prizes as an incentive for these students to participate in the contest.
Gravity Crash
Gravity Crash is a 2009 multidirectional shooter video game developed by Just Add Water and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3. Released on the PlayStation Network, a port for the PlayStation Portable was released in 2010. Its visual style pays homage to arcade games of the 1980s. A PlayStation Vita port was released in August 2014 under the title Gravity Crash Ultra. The PlayStation Portable version was released on PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 on July 12, 2023.

Just Add Water (company)
Just Add Water (Development) Limited is a British independent video game developer based in Leeds, England. Founded by Stewart Gilray in 2006, Just Add Water has worked on titles for the PlayStation 3 and Windows, notably the Oddworld series. They have teamed up with Oddworld Inhabitants to recreate the series in high definition as well as working on new installments in the series.