hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
İsmailağa
İsmailağa Jamaah or İsmail Ağa Jamaah (Turkish: İsmailağa Cemaati; Ottoman Turkish: اسماعیل آغا جماعتی) is a branch of the Gümüşhanevî Dergâh of Nakşibendi-Khālidī Ṭarīqah (Sufi Order) in Turkey.

It takes its name from the İsmailağa Mosque in Fatih, Istanbul. It is aligned with the Naqshbandi spiritual order of Sunni Islam Sufism in the silsilah of Khalidiyya and was led by Mahmut Ustaosmanoğlu, imam of the İsmailağa Mosque from 1954 to 1996. It has significant influence over daily life in few streets of Fatih, the capital district of Istanbul. In 2006, Deniz Baykal described the whole district of Fatih as an "İsmailağa republic". There are communities in a number of other cities in Turkey, including Erzincan.

Naqshbandi Order
Naqshbandi (Persian: نقشبندیه) is a major Sufi order within Sunni Islam, named after its 14th-century founder, Baha' al-Din Naqshband. Practitioners, known as Naqshbandis, trace their spiritual lineage (silsila) directly to the Prophet Muhammad through the first caliph, Abu Bakr, via Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Naqshbandi order is distinct for its strict adherence to Sharia (Islamic law) and silent dhikr practices adopted from earlier Central Asian masters.
Victor Smith
Admiral Sir Victor Alfred Trumper Smith, AC, KBE, CB, DSC (9 May 1913 – 10 July 1998) was a senior officer in the Royal Australian Navy. Smith's career culminated with his appointment as chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee—forerunner of the role of Australia's Chief of the Defence Force—from 1970 to 1975, following an earlier term as Chief of Naval Staff from 1968 to 1970.

Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)
The Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) is the highest-ranking and most senior military officer in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and is the principal military advisor to the National Security Committee and the Minister for Defence. The current Chief of the Defence Force is Admiral David Johnston, who took office on 10 July 2024.
Harry Wimperis
Harry Egerton Wimperis CB CBE MIEE FRAeS AMICE Wh.Sch (27 August 1876 – 16 July 1960) was a British aeronautical engineer who acted as the Director of Scientific Research at the UK's Air Ministry prior to World War II. He is best known for his role in setting up the Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence under Henry Tizard, which led directly to the development and introduction of radar in the UK. He is also known for the development of the Drift Sight and Course Setting Bomb Sight during World War I, devices that revolutionised the art of bombing.

Royal Aeronautical Society
The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a British multi-disciplinary professional institution dedicated to the global aerospace community. Founded in 1866, it is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Members, Fellows, and Companions of the society can use the post-nominal letters MRAeS, FRAeS, or CRAeS, respectively.
Leucocoprinus ianthinus
Leucocoprinus ianthinus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Like several other Leucocoprinus species it may have originated in a tropical climate but now finds a home in plant pots, greenhouses and compost piles in many countries. It is not seen in plant pots with the same kind of regularity as the well known Leucocoprinus birnbaumii and not seen in the wild as frequently as Leucocoprinus brebissonii.

Leucocoprinus brebissonii
Leucocoprinus brebissonii, commonly known as the gray-eyed dapperling, is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is also known as the skullcap dapperling due to its distinctive pattern on the cap. This mushroom was only thought to be found in Europe but it has since been observed in the Pacific Northwest and may also be found in Asia.
Outline of the C++ programming language
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to C++:

C++ is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as an intermediate-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs as an enhancement to the C language.

Bjarne Stroustrup
Bjarne Stroustrup (/ˈbjɑːrnə ˈstrɒvstrʊp/ ⓘ; Danish: [ˈbjɑːnə ˈstʁʌwˀstʁɔp]; born 30 December 1950) is a Danish computer scientist, known for the development of the C++ programming language. He led the Large-scale Programming Research department at Bell Labs, served as a professor of computer science at Texas A&M University, and spent over a decade at Morgan Stanley while also being a visiting professor at Columbia University. Since 2022 he has been a full professor at Columbia.
Megaloschizont
Megaloschizonts are large schizonts that produce extremely high numbers of merozoites.  They are found in various species of the Phylum Apicomplexa.  The Apicomplexa phylum contains several parasitic protozoans.  They have a very complex life cycle that includes several stages.  Megaloschizonts and the smaller schizonts are the part of the life cycle that takes place inside the infected host organism and operates as an asexually reproductive cell.  Megaloschizonts appear as grey-white nodules found in the smooth muscle of major organs, such as the heart, liver, lung or spleen.

Apicomplexan life cycle
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is typified by a cellular variety with a distinct morphology and biochemistry.

Not all apicomplexa develop all the following cellular varieties and division methods. This presentation is intended as an outline of a hypothetical generalised apicomplexan organism.
Böhm tree
In the study of denotational semantics of the lambda calculus, Böhm trees, Lévy-Longo trees, and Berarducci trees are (potentially infinite) tree-like mathematical objects that capture the "meaning" of a term up to some set of "meaningless" terms.

Lambda calculus
In mathematical logic, the lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. Untyped lambda calculus, the topic of this article, is a universal machine, i.e. a model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine (and vice versa). It was introduced by the mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of his research into the foundations of mathematics. In 1936, Church found a formulation which was logically consistent, and documented it in 1940.
Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC) is a National Cancer Institute NCI-designated Cancer Center, founded in 1911 and located at NewYork-Presbyterian / Columbia University Irving Medical Center (NYP/CUIMC).

The HICCC has more than 250 faculty members, 12 core facilities, and eight research programs within three divisions.

NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (abbreviated as NYP) is a nonprofit academic medical center in New York City. It is the primary teaching hospital for Weill Cornell Medicine and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. The hospital includes nine campuses located throughout the New York metropolitan area. The hospital's two flagship medical centers, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, are located on opposite sides of Upper Manhattan.

As of 2022, the hospital is ranked the seventh-best hospital in the United States and second-best in the New York City metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report. The hospital has more than 6,500 affiliated physicians, 20,000 employees and operates 4,000+ beds in total. It is one of the largest hospitals in the world. NYPH annually treats about 310,000 patients in its emergency department and delivers about 15,000 babies.
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Sejmik
The Lower Silesian Voivodeship Sejmik (Polish: Sejmik Województwa Dolnośląskiego) is the regional legislature of the Voivodeship of Lower Silesia in Poland. It is a unicameral legislature consisting of thirty-six councillors chosen during local elections with a five-year term. The current chairperson of the assembly is Jerzy Pokój.

The assembly elects the executive board that acts as the collective executive for the regional government, headed by the province's marshal. The current Executive Board of Lower Silesia is a coalition government between Civic Coalition, Polish People's Party and the Independents. The current marshal is Paweł Gancarz.

The assembly convenes within the Voivodeship Office building in central Wrocław.

Voivodeship sejmik
A voivodeship sejmik (Polish: sejmik województwa), also known as a provincial or regional assembly, is the regional-level elected legislature for each of the sixteen voivodeships of Poland. Sejmiks are elected to five-year terms, decided during nationwide local elections. The size of the legislative assembly varies for each voivodeship depending on the population, ranging from 30 members in lesser populated provinces to 51 members in the most populous one. Elected representatives of an assembly are known as councillors (radni).
Élisabeth-Paul-Édouard de Rossel
Élisabeth-Paul-Édouard de Rossel (1765-1829), also known as Chevalier de Rossel, was a French naval officer, explorer, and hydrographer. He took part in the voyage of Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux to the Pacific (1791-1793), and became the leader of the expedition after the deaths of the  senior officers. The expedition disintegrated in the revolutionary wars, but Rossel was able to bring the records and collections of the expedition back to Europe and write the record of the voyage, which was published in 1808.

He was noted for his magnetic observations, which showed that the earth's magnetic field is not constant, but increases from the equator towards the poles. His subsequent career was with the French Hydrographic Office, of which he became director. He was important in planning the chain of lighthouses that were constructed around the French coast from 1825-1854.

Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux
Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni, chevalier d'Entrecasteaux (French: [dɑ̃tʁ(ə)kasto]; 8 November 1737 – 21 July 1793) was a French Navy officer, explorer and colonial administrator who served as the Governor of Isle de France from 1787 to 1789. He is best known for his exploration of the Australian coast in 1792 while searching for Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse.
Huautla de Jiménez
Huautla de Jimenez is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. 
It is part of the Teotitlán District in the north of the Cañada Region.

The name Huautla comes from the Náhuatl. The town is called "Tejao" (also Eagle's Nest) in the Mazatec language. "De Jiménez" was added to honor General Mariano Jiménez, who was the first governor of the state of Oaxaca in 1884 and the first official to arrive on Mazateca lands. He founded the town Huautla de Jiménez, which is now the municipality's seat.

The origin of the town is unknown, but tribute documents show that it was the largest town in the Mazatec region during the late Postclassic period, when the town paid tribute to the Aztec empire.

Mazatec
The Mazatec are an Indigenous people of Mexico who inhabit the Sierra Mazateca in the state of Oaxaca and some communities in the adjacent states of Puebla and Veracruz.

Some researchers have theorized that the Mazatec, along with Popoloca speakers, once inhabited the lowlands of the Papaloapan basin, but were driven into the adjacent highlands by the expansion of Nahuas.
David Bellotti
David Frank Bellotti (13 August 1943 – 10 June 2015) was a British Liberal Democrat politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for the Eastbourne constituency from 1990 to 1992.

He was the first Liberal Democrat politician to win a parliamentary election, following the formation of the party through the merger of the Liberal Party and the SDP. He was also the most recent UK Member of Parliament to successfully take a seat from an opposing party following the assassination of the incumbent politician.

Eastbourne (UK Parliament constituency)
Eastbourne is a constituency for the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It was created as one of nine in Sussex in 1885, since when it has reduced in geographic size reflecting the growth of its main settlement, Eastbourne. For the majority of its history, the constituency has been represented by Conservative MPs, but from the 1990s onwards became a marginal seat, or swing seat, and since 2024 has been represented by Josh Babarinde, a Liberal Democrat.
Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell
Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell (born 11 November 1952 in Kapelln) is an Austrian economist who served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 2003 to 2011. She previously served as vice-governor of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank from 1998 to 2003. She has been a member of the Council of the University of Leoben.

Executive Board of the European Central Bank
The Executive Board of the European Central Bank is the organ responsible for implementing monetary policy for the Eurozone  in line with the guidelines and decisions taken by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank.

The executive board consists of the president, the vice-president and four other members, one of whom concurrently serves as ECB chief economist. All members are appointed by the European Council  by qualified majority for a non-renewable eight-year term. As an exception, the officeholders appointed to the original board received staged terms so that one would be replaced each year. Under the ECB's rules board members do not represent a particular country, nor are they responsible for keeping track of economic conditions in one country. Instead, all board members are jointly responsible for monetary policy for the entire Euro area.
Government House
Government House is the name of many of the official residences of governors-general, governors and lieutenant-governors in the Commonwealth and British Overseas Territories. The name is also used in some other countries.

Official residence
An official residence is a residence designated by an authority and assigned to an official (such as a head of state, head of government, governor, or other senior figures), and may be the same place where the office holder conducts their work functions or lives.
Jerne railway halt
Jerne railway halt is a railway halt serving the district of Jerne in the eastern part of the city of Esbjerg, Denmark. The station is located in the central part of the district where the railway line crosses the street Skolebakken.

Jerne railway halt is located on the Lunderskov–Esbjerg railway line from Lunderskov to Esbjerg. The halt opened in 2020. It offers regional rail services to Esbjerg, Ribe, Tønder, and Niebüll in Germany, operated by the private public transport operating company GoCollective.

Esbjerg station
Esbjerg station (Danish: Esbjerg Banegård or Esbjerg Station) is the main railway station in the city of Esbjerg in southwest Jutland, Denmark. It is located in central Esbjerg, immediately adjacent to the Esbjerg bus station. It lies on the eastern edge of the historic town centre, between the districts of Indre By and Rørkjær.

It is the terminal station on the Lunderskov–Esbjerg line and the Esbjerg–Struer line. The train services from the station are operated by DSB and GoCollective, and the station serves destinations including Copenhagen, Aarhus and Ribe.

The station was opened in 1874, and the present building, designed by Heinrich Wenck, was completed in 1904. With its three-storey towers flanking the central gable, it reflects a mixture of Historicist styles, some inspired by Dutch Renaissance architecture.
Casa Grande Dispatch
The Casa Grande Dispatch is an American newspaper published Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays in Casa Grande, Arizona. The paper is circulated in Casa Grande and Pinal County. It originated in 1912 and has been published by Casa Grande Valley Newspapers Inc. since 1963.

Casa Grande, Arizona
Casa Grande (O'odham: Wainom Wo:g) is a city in Pinal County, approximately halfway between Phoenix and Tucson, in the U.S. state of Arizona. The population was 53,658 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 68,927 in 2024. It is named after the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument which is actually located in Coolidge. Casa Grande is Spanish for "big house". Among resident English speakers, there is no consensus on how to pronounce the city's name. As of 2025 the population of Casa Grande is 70,156.
Budhaditya Mukherjee
Pandit Budhaditya Mukherjee (Hindi: बधादित्य मुरवर्जी) is an Indian classical sitar and surbahar maestro of the Imdadkhani gharana (school), recognizable by his intricate vocalic playing complemented by spectacular high speed playing. He holds a unique distinction of being the ever first artist (not just musician) in history to perform in the House of Commons, London. Famously proclaimed the "sitar artist of the century" by veena great Balachander, he has performed in thousands of concerts since the 1970s in India, America, Australia, the UAE, and almost all of Europe.

S. Balachander
Sundaram Balachander (18 January 1927 – 13 April 1990) was an Indian veena player and filmmaker. He directed, produced, and also composed music for a few of his films. Balachander was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1982. He died of a heart attack at the age of 63, while on a music tour of India.
2020 VT4
2020 VT4 is a tiny near-Earth asteroid that passed 370 km (230 mi) above Earth's surface on 13 November 2020 at 17:20 UTC. The asteroid was discovered by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) survey at the Mauna Loa Observatory fifteen hours after its closest approach to Earth. The Earth encounter perturbed the asteroid's trajectory from an Earth-crossing Apollo-type orbit to an Aten-type orbit, subsequently reducing the asteroid's heliocentric orbital period from 1.5 years to 0.86 years.

2020 VT4 passed Earth more closely than 2020 QG and 2011 CQ1, which passed about 3,000 km and 5,500 km from Earth's surface, respectively. Given an estimated absolute magnitude of 28.7, 2020 VT4 is estimated to be around 5 to 10 metres in diameter. Had it impacted Earth, it would mostly have disintegrated during atmospheric entry and might have left a common strewn field.

2011 CQ1
2011 CQ1 is a meteoroid discovered on 4 February 2011 by Richard A. Kowalski, at the Catalina Sky Survey. On the same day the meteoroid passed within 0.85 Earth radii (5,480 kilometers (3,410 mi) of Earth's surface, and was perturbed from the Apollo class to the Aten class of near-Earth objects. With a relative velocity of only 9.7 km/s, had the asteroid passed less than 0.5 Earth radii from Earth's surface, it would have fallen as a brilliant fireball. The meteoroid is between 80 centimeters (31 in) and 2.6 meters (100 in) wide. The meteoroid was removed from the Sentry Risk Table on 5 February 2011.

It was not until 2020 QG on 16 August 2020 that a non-impacting closer approach to Earth was observed.
Ernest Murray
Ernest Cyril Murray was an English-Irish Anglican Archdeacon who served in Ireland.

Murray was educated at King's College, London and ordained in 1933. He served at St Luke, Belfast (Curate); St. Columba's College, Hazaribagh (lecturer); the SPG (secretary, Ireland); Shinrone (incumbent); Upper Ormond (rural dean); and Killaloe Cathedral (canon). He was Archdeacon of Killaloe from 1954 to 1974.

Archdeacon of Killaloe
The Archdeacon of Killaloe was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Killaloe until 1752; and then within the Diocese of Killaloe and Kilfenora until 1832 when it became the Diocese of Killaloe and Clonfert. As such he was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the diocese.

The archdeaconry can trace its history from Donat O'Kennedy, the first known incumbent, who became Bishop of Killaloe in 1231 to the last discrete holder William Augustine Blood Smyth who retired in 1938.
Mahendra Kapoor
Mahendra Kapoor (9 January 1934 – 27 September 2008) was an Indian playback singer. In a long career spanning decades, his repertoire included popular songs such as Chalo ekbaar phir se Ajnabi ban jayen hum dono (Gumrah) and Neele Gagan ke tale (Hamraaz). His name however became most closely associated with patriotic songs including Mere Desh Ki Dharti in Manoj Kumar's film Upkaar. He considered Mohammad Rafi as his Guru. In 1972, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India. He lent his voice to actors Manoj Kumar and Sunil Dutt in most of their films and had a lengthy association with director-producer Baldev Raj Chopra.

Manoj Kumar
Harikrishan Giri Goswami, professionally known as Manoj Kumar (24 July 1937 – 4 April 2025), was an Indian actor, director, screenwriter, lyricist and editor who worked in Hindi cinema. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most accomplished actors of Indian cinema. He is noted for his acting in patriotism-themed films. In a career spanning over four decades, he worked in 55 films.

Kumar was honoured with the Padma Shri in 1992 and Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2015 by the Government of India for his contribution to Indian cinema and arts. He was also the recipient of a National Film Award and seven Filmfare Awards.
Newdigate
Newdigate is a village and civil parish in the Mole Valley borough of Surrey. Lying in a relatively flat part of the Weald, Newdigate is to the east of the A24 road between Dorking and Horsham, 13 miles (21 km) ESE of Guildford and 25 miles (40 km) south of London. Neighbouring parishes are Charlwood, North Holmwood, South Holmwood, Leigh and Capel.

Capel, Surrey
Capel (/ˈkeɪpəl/) is a village and civil parish in southern Surrey, England. It is equidistant between Dorking and Horsham – about 5 miles (8.0 km) away. Around Capel, to the west, skirts the A24 road. Capel is approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of the West Sussex border, 26 miles (42 km) south of London and 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Guildford and is in the Mole Valley district. The village is in the north of a landscape called the Weald, meaning forest, which forms a significant minority of the land today, particularly towards the Greensand Ridge.
Syngonosaurus
Syngonosaurus is an extinct genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. It was an iguanodontian discovered in the Cambridge Greensand of England and was first described in 1879. The type species, S. macrocercus, was described by British paleontologist Harry Seeley in 1879 and it was later synonymised with Acanthopholis, but the genus was reinstated in a 2020 study, when Syngonosaurus and Eucercosaurus were reinterpreted as basal iguanodontians.

Ornithopoda
Ornithopoda (/ˌɔːrnəˈθɒpədə/) is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, called ornithopods (/ˈɔːrnəθəˌpɒdz, ɔːrˈnɪθ-/). They represent one of the most successful groups of herbivorous dinosaurs during the Cretaceous. The most primitive members of the group were bipedal and relatively small-sized, while advanced members of the subgroup Iguanodontia became quadrupedal and developed large body size. Their major evolutionary advantage was the progressive development of a chewing apparatus that became the most sophisticated ever developed by a non-avian dinosaur, rivaling that of modern mammals such as the domestic cow. They reached their apex of diversity and ecological dominance in the hadrosaurids (colloquially known as 'duck-bills'), before they were wiped out by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event along with all other non-avian dinosaurs. Members are known worldwide.