hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Garnet
HMS Garnet was an Emerald-class composite screw corvette that served in the Victorian Royal Navy. The Emerald class was a development of the wooden Amethyst class but combined an iron frame and teak cladding. Launched in 1877, Garnet was commissioned for service off the coast of America. Between 1878 and 1880, the corvette was commanded by the future Admiral of the Fleet, James Erskine. In 1887, the vessel was deployed on anti-slavery patrols on the Mediterranean Sea and subsequently served in an anti-slavery blockade under the Bacchante class Boadicea. In 1891, the ship operated off the coast of Chile during their Civil War and undertook an unsuccessful search for the crew of the merchant ship Marlborough. The vessel was paid off in 1895 and, in 1899, converted to a coal hulk. In 1904, Garnet was retired and sold to be broken up.

Amethyst-class corvette
The Amethyst-class corvettes were a class of the last wooden warships to be built for the British Royal Navy; each was built at a Royal Dockyard. Three were ordered under the 1871–72 Programme and two under the 1872–73 Programme. Built in the early and middle 1870s, they mostly served overseas and were retired early as they were regarded as hopelessly obsolete by the late 1880s. She served alongside HMS Shah in the action against the Peruvian warship Huascar on 29th May 1877.
Potassium hypomanganate
Potassium hypomanganate is the inorganic compound with the formula K3MnO4. Also known as potassium manganate(V), this bright blue solid is a rare example of a salt with the hypomanganate or manganate(V) anion, where the manganese atom is in the +5 oxidation state. It is an intermediate in the production of potassium permanganate and the industrially most important Mn(V) compound.

Potassium permanganate
Potassium permanganate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KMnO4. It is a purplish-black crystalline salt, which dissolves in water as K+ and MnO−4 ions to give an intensely pink to purple solution.

Potassium permanganate is widely used in the chemical industry and laboratories as a strong oxidizing agent, and also traditionally as a medication for dermatitis, for cleaning wounds, and general disinfection. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It has a great variety of niche uses such as biocide for water treatment purposes and for tanning and dyeing cloth. In 2000, worldwide production was estimated at 30,000 tons.

It is also referred to as chameleon mineral, Condy's crystals, permanganate of potash, hypermangan, purple potion powder, permanganic acid (potassium salt), and purple salt.
Aenigmatineidae
Aenigmatineidae is a family of Lepidoptera, moths discovered on Kangaroo Island in South Australia by Dr Richard Glatz. The family is based on a single species discovered in 2015, Aenigmatinea glatzella, commonly known as the enigma moth. The larvae feed on conifers by mining the stem of Callitris plants in the cypress family. The adult has highly reduced mouthparts but its position in the Glossata containing the more familiar moths-with-tongues is confirmed by morphological and DNA sequence similarity. The group is best treated as a sister of the family Neopseustidae.

Neopseustidae
Neopseustidae is a small family of day and night-flying "archaic bell moths" in the order Lepidoptera. They are classified into their own superfamily Neopseustoidea and infraorder Neopseustina. Four genera are known. These primitive moths are restricted to South America and Southeast Asia. Their biology is unknown (Davis 1975; Davis and Nielsen 1980, 1984; Kristensen, 1999).

Nematocentropus appears to be the most primitive genus occurring in Assam, Myanmar and Sichuan, China. Three species of Neopseustis are distributed from Assam to Taiwan, whilst Synempora andesae and three species of Apoplania occur in southern South America (Kristensen, 1999: 53–54). The morphology of the antennae (Faucheux 2005ab; Faucheux et al., 2006) and the proboscis (Kristensen and Nielsen 1981) has been studied in detail.
Bernd Ruf
Bernd Ruf (born 27 September 1964 in Offenburg) is a German conductor and clarinettist. In 2004, Ruf was appointed a new professorship in popular music, jazz, and world music at the Lübeck University of Music.

Lübeck Academy of Music
The Lübeck Academy of Music (German: Musikhochschule Lübeck) in Lübeck, Germany, is the only higher level music school in the northernmost state of Schleswig-Holstein. The school is located in the World Heritage city of Lübeck, a historic hanseatic city. The school was founded in 1973 but its tradition goes back to 1911. The enrollment is approximately 500 students. The teaching staff includes Shmuel Ashkenasi, Sabine Meyer, James Tocco and others; current president is Rico Gubler.

The Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival, an annual summer festival devoted to classical music, holds its master classes at the academy.

The school is a member of the Baltic Association of Music Academies.
Kuiper's theorem
In mathematics, Kuiper's theorem (after Nicolaas Kuiper) is a result on the topology of operators on an infinite-dimensional, complex Hilbert space H. It states that the space GL(H) of invertible bounded endomorphisms of H is such that all maps from any finite complex Y to GL(H) are homotopic to a constant, for the norm topology on operators.

A significant corollary, also referred to as Kuiper's theorem, is that this group is weakly contractible, ie. all its homotopy groups are trivial. This result has important uses in topological K-theory.

Homotopy group
In mathematics, homotopy groups are used in algebraic topology to classify topological spaces. The first and simplest homotopy group is the fundamental group, denoted  which records information about loops in a space.  Intuitively, homotopy groups record information about the basic shape, or holes, of a topological space.

To define the nth homotopy group, the base-point-preserving maps from an n-dimensional sphere (with base point) into a given space (with base point)  are collected into equivalence classes, called homotopy classes. Two mappings are homotopic if one can be continuously deformed into the other. These homotopy classes form a group, called the nth homotopy group,  of the given space X with base point. Topological spaces with differing homotopy groups are never homeomorphic, but topological spaces that are not homeomorphic can have the same homotopy groups.

The notion of homotopy of paths was introduced by Camille Jordan.
Yura Borisov
Yuri Alexandrovich Borisov (Russian: Ю́рий Алекса́ндрович Бори́сов, romanized: Yuriy Aleksandrovich Borisov; born 8 December 1992) is a Russian actor. He made his acting debut in the crime drama Elena (2011) and then won a Golden Eagle Award for his portrayal of Mikhail Kalashnikov in the biopic AK-47 (2020). He also starred in the films The Bull (2019), The Silver Skates (2020), Compartment No. 6 (2021), and Captain Volkonogov Escaped (2021). For his international breakthrough performance in the American film Anora (2024), he was nominated for several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Golden Eagle Award (Russia)
The Golden Eagle Award (Russian: премия Золотой Орёл, romanized: premiya Zolotoy Oryol) is an award given by the National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences of Russia to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, directors, actors, and writers. Modelled after the American Golden Globe Awards, the formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in Russia, alongside the Nika Award.

The national Russian award is given out in 24 categories each January for motion pictures and TV series produced in Russia during the previous year. The awarding statuette is a silver eagle, originally made from copper with a jade pedestal, and was designed by sculptor Viktor Mitroshin. The design was later altered by the Spanish company Carrera y Carrera. The award was conceived by Nikita Mikhalkov as a counterweight to the Nika Award established in 1987 and run by the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences in Moscow.
Dan Stein (attorney)
Daniel Alan Stein (born 1955) is an American attorney and anti-immigration advocate. He served as president of the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), a conservative organization that seeks to reduce immigration to the United States, from 2003 to 2025. FAIR has been designated as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center.

Opposition to immigration
Opposition to immigration is a political position that seeks to restrict or ban legal and illegal immigration. In the modern sense, immigration refers to the entry of people from one state or territory into another state or territory in which they are not citizens. Illegal immigration occurs when people immigrate to a country without having official permission to do so. Opposition to immigration ranges from calls for various immigration reforms, to proposals to completely restrict immigration, to calls for repatriation of existing immigrants.
2024 Drexler-Automotive Formula Cup
The 2024 Drexler-Automotive Formula Cup was the 43rd Austria Formula 3 Cup season and the sixth season since Drexler-Automotive took over the title sponsoring of the series.

The 2024 season was held over eight race weekends across Europe. It began in April at Vallelunga Circuit and concluded in October at Autodromo Nazionale Monza. The series continued its cooperation with the F2000 Italian Formula Trophy, with the two series sharing grids and race slots for multiple rounds.

Benjámin Berta, driving for Franz Wöss Racing, won his second Formula 3 Cup title with a race to spare, while Jo Zeller Racing driver Marcel Tobler defended his Formula 3 Trophy at the penultimate race weekend of the season. Viola Formula Racing's Emir Tanju clinched the Formula Light Cup at the final race of the season.

Vallelunga Circuit
The Autodromo di Vallelunga Piero Taruffi is a racing circuit situated 32-kilometre (20 mi) north of Rome, Italy, near Vallelunga of Campagnano. Vallelunga was built as a 1.773 km (1.102 mi) sand oval in 1951.
Nikita Nagornyy
Nikita Vladimirovich Nagornyy (Russian: Никита Владимирович Нагорный, IPA: [nʲɪˈkʲitə nɐˈɡornɨɪ̯], born 12 February 1997 in Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast, Russia) is a Russian artistic gymnast and two-time Olympian, representing Russia in 2016 and ROC in 2020.  He was part of the teams who won gold at the 2020 Olympic Games and 2019 World Championships and silver at the 2016 Olympic Games and 2018 World Championships.

Individually, Nagornyy is the 2019 World All-Around Champion and the 2020 Olympic and 2018 World All-Around bronze medalist.  He is an eight-time European gold medalist and a three-time Youth Olympic champion.

2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2018 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships was the 48th edition of the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships. The competition was held from October 25 – November 3, 2018, at the Aspire Academy Dome in Doha, Qatar.

It was the first time that the competition was held in the Middle East.

Simone Biles became the first American to medal on every event at a single World Championships and the first woman to do so in 31 years. The last person to complete this feat was Russian Yelena Shushunova in 1987.
City of Literature
The UNESCO's City of Literature programme is a part of the wider Creative Cities Network. The list consists of 53 cities across 6 continents that have played a significant role in the literary tradition of the host countries. Each city nominated to the list has generally met a set of criteria described by UNESCO, such as producing notable writers and authors, constructing important libraries and bookstores, hosting literature festivals and programmes, and publishing major literary works. The nominations are reviewed every four years.

The Network was launched in 2004, and now has member cities in seven creative fields.  The other creative fields are: Crafts and Folk Arts, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Media Arts, and Music.

Creative Cities Network
The UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) is a flagship city programme of UNESCO launched in 2004 to promote cooperation among cities which have recognized culture and creativity as strategic drivers of sustainable urban development. As of 2022, there are almost 300 cities from around 90 countries in the network.

The network aims to foster mutual international cooperation with and between member cities committed to invest in creativity as a driver for sustainable urban development, social inclusion and cultural vibrancy. The Network recognizes the following creative fields:

The overall situation and activities within the Network is reported in the  UCCN Membership Monitoring Reports, each for a four-year period for a particular city.

The Network recognizes the concept of creative tourism, defined as travel associated with creative experience and participation.
Quakers in Europe
The Quaker movement began in England in the 17th century. Small Quaker groups were planted in various places across Europe during this early period (For instance, see the Stephen Crisp article). Quakers in Europe outside Britain and Ireland are not very numerous (2023) although new groups have started in the former Soviet Union and successor countries. By far the largest national grouping of Quakers in Europe is in Britain. As of 2017, there were around 32,100 Quakers (Friends) in Europe.

Ireland Yearly Meeting
The Ireland Yearly Meeting is the umbrella body for the Religious Society of Friends in Ireland. It is one of many Yearly Meetings (YMs) of Friends around the world. A notable aspect of the Ireland YM is that it encompasses meetings with widely divergent Christian viewpoints from theologically conservative (evangelical) to theologically liberal. All meetings under its purview are in the unprogrammed tradition. It also includes meetings both in the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland.
Sword of the Demon Hunter: Kijin Gentōshō
Sword of the Demon Hunter: Kijin Gentōshō (鬼人幻燈抄, Kijin Gentōshō) is a Japanese historical fantasy novel series written by Moto'o Nakanishi and illustrated by Tamaki. It was serialized online between January 2013 and May 2016 on the user-generated novel publishing website Arcadia, and it later moved to the Shōsetsuka ni Narō website, where it was serialized between December 2015 and October 2016. It was later acquired by Futabasha, who have published fourteen volumes from June 2019 to November 2023. A manga adaptation with art by Yū Satomi is published by Futabasha since September 2021 and has been collected in nine tankōbon volumes. Both the original novel series and manga adaptation are licensed in English by Seven Seas Entertainment. An anime television series adaptation produced by Yokohama Animation Laboratory aired from March to September 2025.

Yokohama Animation Laboratory
Yokohama Animation Laboratory (Japanese: 株式会社横浜アニメーションラボ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Yokohama Animēshon Rabo) is a Japanese animation studio based in Naka-ku, Yokohama. It was founded in July 2015 by former Production I.G's Division 7 producer Yūma Ōue.

On September 5, 2025, it was announced that Yokohama Animation Laboratory was acquired by Japanese company Frontier Works.
Dallas Sidekicks (2012–present)
The Dallas Sidekicks is an American professional indoor soccer team based in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex that competes in the Major Arena Soccer League (MASL). The team plays its home games in the Credit Union of Texas Event Center. They kicked off their inaugural season as a member of the Professional Arena Soccer League on November 3, 2012. The Sidekicks segued to the MASL for its inaugural season on October 25, 2014. The team took a leave of absence on September 19, 2017, for one season to re-organize. On July 24, 2018, it was announced that the Dallas Sidekicks would return for the 2018–2019 season.

Major Arena Soccer League
The Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) is a professional indoor soccer league in North America. The MASL features teams playing coast-to-coast in the United States and Mexico. The league is the highest level of arena soccer in North America. The league draws talent from a global talent pool with players from Major League Soccer (MLS), Liga MX, and many national teams. With a new management team, the league has grown in popularity and commercially. Former USMNT and MLS star Landon Donovan played in the MASL, as do multiple international players.
Ratification Day (United States)
Ratification Day in the United States is the anniversary of the congressional proclamation of the ratification of the Treaty of Paris, on January 14, 1784, at the Maryland State House in Annapolis, Maryland, by the Confederation Congress, which marked the official end of the American Revolutionary War.

Ratification
Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments, and in the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states, keeping all parties informed of the situation.

The institution of ratification grants states the necessary time-frame to seek the required approval for the treaty on the domestic level and to enact the necessary legislation to give domestic effect to that treaty. The term applies to private contract law, international treaties, and constitutions in federal states such as the United States and Canada. The term is also used in parliamentary procedure in deliberative assemblies.
Hebrew University bombing
The Hebrew University bombing, also called the Hebrew University massacre, was carried out by the Palestinian militant group Hamas on 31 July 2002 in a cafeteria at the Mount Scopus campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The attack killed 9 people, including 5 U.S. students, and injured about 100. It was carried out by an East Jerusalem-based Hamas cell whose members are serving multiple life sentences in Israeli prisons for that attack and others. The attack, which sparked a celebration in Gaza City, was condemned by United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan and several countries.

In February 2015, a United States jury in the Federal District Court of Manhattan found the Palestinian Authority and the Palestine Liberation Organization liable for having supported and helped to fund terror attacks in the 2000s and they were ordered to pay damages in the amount of $218.5 million to victims of said attacks.

Mount Scopus
Mount Scopus is a mountain located in Jerusalem with an elevation of 826 meters (2,710 ft) above sea level. Between the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the 1967 Arab–Israeli War, it was an internationally protected exclave of Israel within Jordan, as it was geographically part of Jordan's East Jerusalem, but politically part of Israel's West Jerusalem. It is home to the main campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Center. Since the collapse of the City Line in 1967, the area now lies within Jerusalem's Israeli municipal boundaries.
June Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair
Beatrice Mary June Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair, CBE, GCStJ, DL, FRSE, FRCM, FRSAMD (née Boissier; 29 December 1913 – 22 June 2009), commonly known as Lady Aberdeen, was a professional musician and patron of the Aberdeen International Youth Festival and founder and musical director of Haddo House Choral & Operatic Society.

Haddo House
Haddo House is a Scottish stately home located near Tarves in Aberdeenshire, approximately 20 miles (32 km) north of Aberdeen (grid reference NJ868347). Completed in 1732 to designs by William Adam, it was the former seat of the Earls and Marquesses of Aberdeen and Temair and has been owned by the National Trust for Scotland since 1979.
Robert L. Chidlaw-Roberts
Flight Lieutenant Robert Leslie Chidlaw-Roberts MC AFC (9 May 1896 – 1 June 1989) was a Welsh World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. During his aerial combat career, and in different dogfights, he engaged two famous German aces, he was one of the British pilots who downed Werner Voss, and on 9 January 1918, he shot down and killed Max Ritter von Müller.

He also served in the Royal Air Force during and after World War II.

Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
The Air Force Cross (AFC) is a military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 other ranks, of the British Armed Forces, and formerly also to officers of the other Commonwealth countries. It is granted for "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry while flying, though not in active operations against the enemy". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders who are awarded a further AFC.
Carlos Ímaz
Carlos Ímaz Gispert (born 18 March 1959) is a Mexican politician, academic, and activist and a founding member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution. He has served as the Delegational Head of Tlalpan, a borough of Mexico City.

Party of the Democratic Revolution
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática [paɾˈtiðo ðe la reβoluˈsjon demoˈkɾatika], PRD) is a state-level social democratic political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024). The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.

As of 2023, the PRD was a member of the Fuerza y Corazón por México (Strength and Heart for Mexico) coalition. Internationally, the PRD was a member of the Progressive Alliance. The members of the party are known colloquially in Mexico as Perredistas. In 2024, the party failed to reach the necessary percentage of votes to keep its registration as a national political party.
2016–17 Welsh League Cup
The 2016–17 Welsh League Cup (known for sponsorship purposes as The Nathaniel MG Cup) was the 25th season of the Welsh Premier League's cup competition, which was established in 1992.

Played under a regionalised, knock-out format, the 2016–17 competition was the third to be held since the tournament was expanded to include clubs from outside the Welsh Premier League.

As well as the 12 Welsh Premier League clubs from the previous season, the top five qualifying clubs from the northern and southern feeder leagues would enter the tournament, along with a number of wildcard entrants.

The New Saints beat Barry Town United 4–0 in the final, retaining the trophy and securing their eighth title in their ninth appearance in the final.

Their opponents were Barry Town United of the southern section of the Welsh football league system's second tier.

The prize fund for the competition was £15,000, with £10,000 for the winners.

Welsh Football League
The Welsh Football League (also known as the Nathaniel Car Sales Welsh Football League for sponsorship reasons) was a club football league in Wales. For its final season in 2019–20 season it operated at levels 3 and 4 of the Welsh football league system. Level 3 – the Welsh Football League Division One and level 4 Welsh Football League Division Two. It folded in 2020 after the Football Association of Wales took over the running of tier 3 leagues and the responsibility for tier 4 passed to regional football associations.

The Welsh Football League's history stretches back to 1904 when the competition was first formed and Aberdare were crowned first champions of a seven-team First Division. Abergavenny were champions of Division 2 and Trelewis the winners of Division 3.