hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore
In 1311 Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji dispatched an army to capture the Jalore Fort in present-day Rajasthan, India. Jalore was ruled by the Chahamana ruler Kanhadadeva, whose armies had earlier fought several skirmishes with the Delhi forces, especially since Alauddin's conquest of the neighboring Siwana fort.

Kanhadadeva's army achieved some initial successes against the invaders, but the Jalore fort ultimately fell to an army led by Alauddin's general Malik Kamal al-Din. Kanhadadeva and his son Viramadeva were killed, thus ending the Chahamana dynasty of Jalore.

Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat, also known as the Muslim conquest of Gujarat, began in 1299 when the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji sent an army to ransack the Gujarat region of India, which was ruled by the Vaghela king Karna. The Delhi forces plundered several major cities of Gujarat, including Anahilavada (Patan), Khambhat, Surat and Somnath. Karna was able to regain control of at least a part of his kingdom in the later years. However, in 1304, a second invasion by Alauddin's forces permanently ended the Vaghela dynasty, and resulted in the annexation of Gujarat to the Delhi Sultanate.
Scalindua
"Candidatus Scalindua" is a bacterial genus, and a proposed member of the order Planctomycetales. These bacteria lack peptidoglycan in their cell wall and have a compartmentalized cytoplasm. They are ammonium oxidizing bacteria found in marine environments.

Planctomycetaceae
Planctomycetaceae is the only family in the order Planctomycetales within the Bacteria. Species within this family are mostly spherical, inhabiting a vast array of aquatic environments with the majority being in marine ecosystems. Planctomycetaceae species are generally aerobic, but are uniquely classified by fatty acid synthesis and stalk-like formations.
Braden Thornberry
William Braden Thornberry (born April 11, 1997) is an American professional golfer noted for his amateur success. He won the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship individual title and was a member of the victorious U.S. teams at the 2017 Walker Cup and the 2018 Arnold Palmer Cup. He was the number one ranked amateur golfer in the world during 2018 and received the Haskins Award and the Mark H. McCormack Medal.

2018 Arnold Palmer Cup
The 2018 Arnold Palmer Cup was a team golf competition held from  6–8 July 2018 at Evian Resort Golf Club, Évian-les-Bains, France. It was the 22nd time the event had been contested and the first under a new format in which women golfers played in addition to men and an international team, representing the rest of the world, replaced the European team. The United States won the match 38½–21½.
New Surrender
New Surrender is the fourth studio album by American alternative rock band Anberlin, released on September 30, 2008. It is the band's first album on a major label, after signing with Universal Republic Records on August 16, 2007. The album peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200 and 5 on the Billboard Top Modern Rock / Alternative Albums chart.

Anberlin went in to record their fourth album only twelve months after the 2007 release of their third, Cities. The album was recorded at NRG Recording Studios in North Hollywood, California, in early 2008 by producer Neal Avron. The first single from the album, "Feel Good Drag" was originally set to be released to radio prior to the album on August 18, 2008, but was pushed back to August 26.

North Hollywood, Los Angeles
North Hollywood (NoHo) is a neighborhood and district in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California. The neighborhood contains the NoHo Arts District, El Portal Theater, several art galleries, and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. The North Hollywood Metro Rail station is the northern terminus of the B Line subway on the Los Angeles Metro.

North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887. It was first named "Toluca" before being renamed "Lankershim" in 1896 and finally "North Hollywood" in 1927.
William Turner (painter)
William Turner RWS (29 November 1789 – 7 August 1862) was a British painter who specialised in watercolour landscapes. He is often known as William Turner of Oxford or just Turner of Oxford to distinguish him from his contemporary, J. M. W. Turner (known as William). Many of Turner's paintings depicted the countryside around the city of Oxford. One of his best-known pictures is a view of Oxford from Hinksey Hill.

In 1898, the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford held a retrospective exhibition of his work. Some of his paintings are still on permanent display at the museum. In 1984, the Oxfordshire County Council presented his work in an exhibition at the Oxfordshire County Museum in Woodstock. His paintings are also held in national and international collections, for example at the Tate Gallery (London, UK), the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City, US), and the Dunedin Public Art Gallery (New Zealand).

Royal Watercolour Society
The Royal Watercolour Society is a British institution of painters working in watercolours. The Society is a centre of excellence for water-based media on paper, which allows for a diverse and interesting range of approaches to the medium of watercolour. Its members, or associates, use the post-nominal initials RWS and ARWS (associate member). They are elected by the membership, with typically half a dozen new associates joining the Society each year.
Prithvirajsing Roopun
Prithvirajsing (Pradeep) Roopun GCSK (Mauritian Creole pronunciation: [pʁitviʁad͡ʒsiŋ ʁupʌn]; born 24 May 1959) is a Mauritian politician who served as the seventh president of Mauritius from 2019 to 2024.

Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean
The Most Distinguished Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean is the highest distinct order of merit in the honours system of Mauritius established under the National Awards Act 1993. It was founded in 1992 to decorate people who have made a contribution to social progress in the nations of the Indian Ocean. It may be awarded to non-Mauritian citizens.
The Devil Never Sleeps (film)
The Devil Never Sleeps (Spanish: El diablo nunca duerme) is a 1994 Mexican-American documentary film directed by Lourdes Portillo and produced by Portillo and Michelle Valladares.

In 2020, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
Super Sonico
Super Sonico (Japanese: すーぱーそに子, Hepburn: Sūpā Soniko) is a fictional character created by Tsuji Santa for the Japanese video game company Nitroplus, first appearing as a mascot for a Nitroplus-sponsored music festival in 2006. Nitroplus has since developed the character into a media franchise that includes music products, manga series, computer and video games, toy figurines, and other merchandise. An anime television series by White Fox based on the character aired in Japan between January and March 2014.

White Fox
White Fox Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社WHITE FOX, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Howaito Fokkusu), is a Japanese animation studio founded in April 2007 by Gaku Iwasa. The studio's most successful productions include adaptations of Steins;Gate,  Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World, and Akame ga Kill!.
Cycling in Canada
Cycling in Canada is experienced in various ways across a geographically huge, economically and socially diverse country. Among the reasons for cycling in Canada are for practical reasons such as commuting to work or school, for sports such as road racing, BMX, mountain bike racing, freestyle BMX, as well as for pure recreation. The amount and quality of bicycle infrastructure varies widely across the country as do the laws pertaining to cyclists such as bicycle helmet laws which can differ by province.

Utility cycling
Utility cycling encompasses any cycling done simply as a means of transport rather than as a sport or leisure activity. It is the original and most common type of cycling in the world. Cycling mobility is one of the various types of private transport and a major part of individual mobility.
Olivia Wawire
Olivia Wawire (born on 8 February 1960) also known as Olivia Rosemary Nagudi Wawire is a Ugandan civil servant currently working at Uganda police. She became the first female fire brigade officer in 1981 and became the third in command in the Uganda Police Fire Brigade which led to her appointment as the Regional Fire Officer.

Uganda Police Force
The Uganda Police Force is the national police force of Uganda. The head of the force is called the Inspector General of Police (IGP). The current IGP is Abbas Byakagaba. Byakagaba replaced former IGP, Geoffrey Tumusiime on 18 May 2024. Recruitment to the forces is done annually.
Alexander Hendrickx
Alexander Robby Hendrickx (born 6 August 1993) is a Belgian professional field hockey player who plays for Gantoise and the Belgian national team as a defender. Hendrickx won 'top goal scorer' at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. He also won a gold medal with his team for Belgium.

Belgium men's national field hockey team
The Belgian national men's field hockey team represents Belgium in international men's field hockey and is controlled by the Royal Belgian Hockey Association, the governing body for field hockey in Belgium.

Belgium won the Men's Hockey World Cup in 2018, the European Championship in 2019, the 2020-21 FIH Pro League and the gold medal at 2020 Tokyo Olympics. They also won a silver medal at the 2023 Bhubaneswar & Rourkela and 2016 Rio de Janeiro and a bronze medal at the 1920 Antwerp Summer Olympics. They reached eight semi-finals at the European Championship since 1995, including a third place in 2007, 2021, 2023 and runners-up in 2013 and 2017.

They also have won, in 2025, the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, by defeating India 1–0 in the final. This is their first title in this invitational tournament.
Paul the Apostle and Jewish Christianity
Since the 1970s, scholars have sought to place Paul the Apostle within his historical context in Second Temple Judaism. Paul's relationship to Judaism involves topics including the status of Israel's covenant with God and the role of works as a means to either gain or keep the covenant.

The inclusion of Gentiles into the early Christian movement provoked a controversy between Paul and other Apostles over whether the gentiles' faith in Christ exempted them from circumcision. Paul did not deem circumcision necessary for gentiles, because he thought that God included them into the New Covenant through faith in Christ. This brought him into conflict with the Judaizers, a faction of the Jewish Christians who believed Mosaic Law did require circumcision for Gentile converts. Eventually, adherents of Paul's view became more numerous, and this among other related developments led to the creation of Christianity as distinct from Judaism.

Law of Moses
The Law of Moses (Hebrew: תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה Torat Moshe), also called the Mosaic Law, is the law said to have been revealed to Moses by God. The term primarily refers to the Torah or the first five books of the Hebrew Bible.
Pöhlde Abbey
51°36′47″N 10°18′32″E﻿ / ﻿51.61313°N 10.30878°E﻿ / 51.61313; 10.30878
Pöhlde Abbey was a Premonstratensian (previously Benedictine) monastery at Pöhlde, now a small village and part of the town of Herzberg am Harz, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Premonstratensians
The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré (Latin: Candidus et Canonicus Ordo Praemonstratensis), also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), is a religious order of canons regular in the Catholic Church. They were founded in Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Norbert of Xanten, who later became Archbishop of Magdeburg. Premonstratensians are designated by O.Praem (Ordo Praemonstratensis) following their name. They are part of the Augustinian tradition.

Norbert was a friend of Bernard of Clairvaux and was largely influenced by the Cistercian ideals as to both the manner of life and the government of his order. As the Premonstratensians are not monks but canons regular, their work often involves preaching and the exercising of pastoral ministry; they frequently serve in parishes close to their abbeys or priories.
ICAM-1
ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system. It binds to integrins of type CD11a / CD18, or CD11b / CD18 and is also exploited by rhinovirus as a receptor for entry into respiratory epithelium.

Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane. The presence of integrins allows rapid and flexible responses to events at the cell surface (e.g. signal platelets to initiate an interaction with coagulation factors).

Several types of integrins exist, and one cell generally has multiple different types on its surface. Integrins are found in all animal cells while integrin-like receptors are found in plant cells.

Integrins work alongside other proteins such as cadherins, the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, selectins and syndecans, to mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction. Ligands for integrins include fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen and laminin.
540th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade (Ukraine)
The 540th Anti-aircraft Missile Brigade "Lviv Ivan Vyhovsky" is a brigade of the Ukrainian Air Force tasked with air defense operations throughout Lviv Oblast and Volyn Oblast. It operates S-200D and S-300PT Missile defense systems and is subordinated to the Air Command West. It is headquartered at Kamianka-Buzka and Lutsk Air Base.

S-300 missile system
The S-300 (NATO reporting name SA-10 Grumble) is a series of long-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the former Soviet Union. It was produced by NPO Almaz for the Soviet Air Defence Forces to defend against air raids and cruise missiles.

It is used by Russia, Ukraine, and other former Eastern Bloc countries, along with Bulgaria and Greece. It is also used by China, Iran, and other countries in Asia.

The system is fully automated, though manual observation and operation are also possible. Each targeting radar provides target designation for the central command post. The command post compares the data received from the targeting radars and filters out false targets. The central command post has both active and passive target detection modes. Missiles have a maximum range of 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the command post.

The successor to the S-300 is the S-400 (NATO reporting name SA-21 Growler), which entered service on 28 April 2007.
Direct image with compact support
In mathematics, the direct image with compact (or proper) support is an image functor for sheaves that extends the compactly supported global sections functor to the relative setting. It is one of Grothendieck's six operations.

Support (mathematics)
In mathematics, the support of a real-valued function  is the subset of the function's domain consisting of those elements that are not mapped to zero. If the domain of  is a topological space, then the support of  is instead defined as the smallest closed set containing all points not mapped to zero. This concept is used widely in mathematical analysis.
John A. Schneider
John A. ("Jack") Schneider (December 4, 1926 - December 10, 2019 in Stamford, CT) was a former president of the CBS Television Network from 1965-1976, and from 1979 until 1984, the first president of  Warner Amex Satellite Entertainment, the company that created MTV.

Paramount Media Networks
Paramount Media Networks is the division of Paramount Skydance Corporation that oversees the operations of its television channels and online brands. The division was originally founded as MTV Networks in 1984, named after MTV. It would be known under this name until 2011; when it would be thereafter known as Viacom Media Networks until 2019; and ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks until 2022.

The division's television assets are managed through four units: MTV Entertainment Group, Showtime Networks, BET Media Group, and Nickelodeon Group. Paramount's international/foreign assets are overseen by Paramount International Networks.
Dominican Convent, Ilanz
The Dominican Convent, Ilanz, the motherhouse of the Congregation of the Ilanz Dominican Sisters (German: Ilanzer Dominikanerinnen), is located on a low hillside across the valley from the little town, roughly 30 km (20 miles) to the west of Chur in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.

The striking convent buildings date from the early 1970s, but the community traces its origins back to St. Joseph's Institute, founded with an educational remit at Ilanz in 1865. Today the sisters at Ilanz are the core element of an international community comprising around 160 sisters, members of one of a number of congregations of Ilanz Dominican Sisters operating from addresses in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Outside Europe there is also one congregation in Brazil and another in Taiwan.

Ilanz
Ilanz (Romansh: Glion) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of the Grisons. The former municipality of Ilanz was congruent with the town of Ilanz. On 1 January 1978, the former municipality of Strada merged into the new municipality of Ilanz. On 1 January 2014, the municipality of Ilanz and the surrounding municipalities Castrisch, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.
Gabriella Souza
Gabriella Guimarães de Souza, nicknames Gabi or Gabiru, (born 14 December 1993) is a Brazilian female volleyball player. With her former club Osasco/Molico she competed at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
She competed with the Brazil women's national volleyball team, at the 2016 Montreux Volley Masters, 2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix, and 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League. Her club in 2019 is Sesc RJ.

Rio de Janeiro Vôlei Clube
Rio de Janeiro Vôlei Clube is a Brazilian women's volleyball club based in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The team competes in the Brazilian Women's Superliga and has won the competition several times while playing under different brand names, including Rexona/AdeS, Unilever, and Rexona–SESC. From the 2017–18 season it adopted the name SESC-RJ, and since 2020–21 the team has competed as SESC-RJ/Flamengo following a partnership with Flamengo and Sesc.

Although they are distinct legal entities, the Brazilian Volleyball Confederation regards Rio de Janeiro as the sporting heir to Paraná Vôlei Clube, combining the titles won by both clubs under the same brand names.
Airspace
Airspace is the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a country above its territory and territorial waters that fall under the country's sovereignty and regulatory control.

Internationally, allocation and management of airspace is coordinated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which was established through the Chicago Convention in 1947 to unify air traffic. ICAO organizes airspace into Flight Information Regions (FIRs) and provides classification guidelines. National authorities, such as the FAA, CAA, or EASA implement rules and regulations for air traffic control, special-use airspace, and enforcement within their own FIRs.

Airspace can be used for both civilian flight and for defense or military operations, and countries are responsible for protecting their own airspace using measures such as air policing. Legal and technical challenges include the vertical boundary between airspace and outer space and temporary restrictions such as NOTAMs or TFRs.

Quick Reaction Alert
Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) is the state of readiness and modus operandi of air defence maintained at all hours of the day by NATO air forces. The United States usually refers to Quick Reaction Alert as Airspace Control Alert.

Some non-NATO countries maintain a QRA, either full-time or part-time.
Langona improcera
Langona improcera is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Langona that lives in Tanzania.  The male was first described by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith in 2000. The female has not been identified. The spider is large with a carapace between 2.2 and 2.4 mm (0.087 and 0.094 in) long and an abdomen that is between 2.1 and 2.3 mm (0.083 and 0.091 in) in length. There are traces of stripes on the reddish-brown carapace. The abdomen has a distinctive scutum that distinguishes it from related species. The palpal bulb is also unusually narrow and has a long lobe at the base which can also be used to tell the spider apart from others in the genus.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
2020 Kaharlyk police rape
The 2020 Kaharlyk police rape took place in May 2020 in Ukraine, garnering extensive media coverage. On May 23, 2020, police officers in the town of Kaharlyk in Kyiv Oblast (province) tortured and raped a woman who was being kept in police custody. The event caused a public outcry.

National Police of Ukraine
The National Police of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Націона́льна полі́ція Украї́ни, romanized: Natsionalna politsiia Ukrainy, IPA: [nɐts⁽ʲ⁾ioˈnɑlʲnɐ poˈl⁽ʲ⁾its⁽ʲ⁾ijɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]; abbr.  НПУ/NPU [ˌɛnpeˈu]), often simply referred to as the Politsiia (Поліція, 'Police'), is the national, and only, police service of Ukraine. It was formed on 3 July 2015, as part of the post-Euromaidan reforms launched by Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko, to replace Ukraine's previous national police service, the Militsiya. On 7 November 2015, all the remaining militsiya were labelled "temporary acting" members of the National Police.

The agency is overseen by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.