hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Fahlberg
Samuel Fahlberg (September 9, 1758 – November 28, 1834) was a Swedish colonial civil servant, cartographer and physician who held various positions within the colonial administration of Saint Barthélemy during its early 
Swedish period. He later went into exile following his attempts to suppress an uprising in Gustavia and accusations of involvement in a mutiny, actions that subsequently led to him being sentenced to death in absentia.

Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy
The Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy existed for nearly a century. In 1784, one of French king Louis XVI's ministers ceded Saint Barthélemy to Sweden in exchange for trading rights in the Swedish port of Gothenburg. Swedish rule lasted until 1878 when the French repurchased the island.
Adair Creek
Adair Creek is a stream in western Reynolds County in the Ozarks of southeast Missouri. It is a tributary of Logan Creek.

The source area lies just south of the junction of Missouri Route 72 and Missouri Route P about three miles southeast of Bunker. The stream flows south to southeast to its confluence with Logan Creek along Missouri Route B about 3.5 miles southwest of Reynolds.  About one mile upstream from its confluence the stream has been blocked with a dam and filled by mine tailings from the Adair Creek Mine (Sweetwater Mine).

Adair Creek has the name of one Mr. Adair, a local judge.

Logan Creek (Black River tributary)
Logan Creek is a stream in western Reynolds County in the Ozarks of southeast Missouri. It is a tributary of the Black River.

The source area of the stream lies just south of Missouri Route 72 northwest of Reynolds. The stream flows south parallel to Missouri Route B and then turns east near the community of Exchange and flows parallel to Missouri Route 106 past northeast Ellington. East of Ellington the stream turns southeast and enters Clearwater Lake and its confluence with the Black River.

Logan Creek has the name of James Logan, a pioneer citizen.
Progressive Aerodyne SeaRey
The Progressive Aerodyne SeaRey is an American two-seat, single-engine, amphibious flying boat designed and manufactured by Progressive Aerodyne originally in Orlando, Florida, and now in Tavares, Florida. It was first flown in November 1992 and is sold as a kit aircraft for amateur construction as well as a light-sport aircraft.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.
Tuvan throat singing
Tuvan throat singing, also known as Mongolian throat singing, is a style of singing, the main technique of which is known as khoomei (/xuˈmiː/ or /xoʊˈmeɪ/). It is practiced by people in Tuva, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Altay. It is noted for including overtone singing. In 2009, Tuvan throat singing was included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO.

Overtone singing
Overtone singing, also known as overtone chanting, harmonic singing, polyphonic overtone singing, or diphonic singing, is a singing technique in which the vocalist produces two distinct pitches at the same time.

From a fundamental pitch made by a human voice, harmonic overtones can be selectively amplified through manipulating the dimensions and the shape of the resonant cavities of the mouth and the pharynx.

Overtone singing should not be confused with throat singing, although many throat singing techniques include overtone singing. While overtone singing involves careful manipulation of the vocal tract, throat singing mostly involves the voice source.
Tiffany McLachlan
Tiffany "Lochy" McLachlan is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Amber Kilpatrick. She made her first on-screen appearance on 23 October 1989. Tiffany is described as being a little terror and always getting into mischief. She becomes friends with Toby Mangel and manages to get him into trouble too. Tiffany's storylines often saw her tomboyish and mischievous sides come out. She attacks a family of Magpies after being dive bombed by one, she lies to her aunt that Kerry Bishop is mistreating her, she almost drowns after going to the beach and convinces Joe Mangel that he has been cursed. Tiffany departed on 21 June 1990 after deciding to join her parents in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.

Kerry Bishop
Kerry Bishop is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Linda Hartley. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 1 February 1989. Kerry is Mavis and Harold Bishop's (Ian Smith) only daughter and David Bishop's (Kevin Harrington) sister. Kerry left home when she was young to travel the world. She met Eric (John Ley) and fell pregnant with their daughter, Sky (Stephanie McIntosh). Following her arrival in Erinsborough, Kerry began a relationship with Joe Mangel (Mark Little) and they eventually married. Kerry adopted Joe's son and fell pregnant again. However, while out protesting a duck hunt, Kerry was shot and she and her unborn child died. Kerry departed on 10 September 1990, but Hartley returned in 2004 and 2006 to record voice-overs. She also appeared in 2005 as Kerry's look-alike Gabrielle Walker.
Iván Werning
Iván Werning (born June 20, 1974) is an Argentine economist who has served as the Robert M. Solow Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology since 2014.

Born in Argentina, Werning received a BA in economics from the Universidad de San Andrés, and an MA in economics from the Universidad Torcuato di Tella, both in Buenos Aires. He received a PhD in economics from the University of Chicago in 2002, where he studied under Gary Becker, Robert Lucas, Fernando Alvarez, and Pierre-André Chiappori. He joined the Department of Economics at MIT as an assistant professor in 2002, where he was tenured in 2007, and appointed the Robert M. Solow Professor of Economics in 2014.

Werning has been a research fellow at the NBER since 2002. He was elected a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 2013, and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2015.

In 2008, he was described by The Economist as one of the world’s 8 best young economists.

Robert Solow
Robert Merton Solow, GCIH (/ˈsoʊloʊ/; August 23, 1924 – December 21, 2023) was an American economist known for his studies of economic growth and the development of the Solow–Swan model, for which he won the 1987 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

He was Institute Professor Emeritus of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was a professor from 1949 on. He was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal in 1961, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1987, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2014. Four of his PhD students, George Akerlof, Joseph Stiglitz, Peter Diamond, and William Nordhaus, later received Nobel Memorial Prizes in Economic Sciences in their own right.
Puławy Legion
Puławy Legion (Polish: Legion Puławski, Russian: Легион Пулави) was a Polish military formation of World War I as part of the Imperial Russian Army.

It was created in late 1914 from volunteers gathered together due to several initiatives, most notably of which was that of the pro-Russian Polish National Committee, supported by Polish National Democrats. The initiative was supposed to counteract the Polish Legions of Józef Piłsudski forming under the Austro–Hungarian Army. The formation finished organizing in January 1915; at that time it numbered about 1,000 soldiers, and constituted a battalion of the Russian Army. The formation was used in combat against the German Empire. Eventually, the Legion was disbanded in October 1915 and reorganized into the Polish Rifle Brigade.

Polish National Committee (1914–1917)
Polish National Committee (Polish: Komitet Narodowy Polski) was formed in Russian partition during World War I, and grouped Polish politicians who wanted to advance the Polish cause by supporting Russia in World War I. The Committee was recognized by the Entente, and was primarily opposed to Polish factions supporting the Central Powers (in particular, Józef Piłsudski).

The Committee supported the creation of Blue Army under Józef Haller de Hallenburg in France.

Major activists: Roman Dmowski, Zygmunt Wielopolski.

In 1917, after the Russian Revolution, the Committee was reorganized in France. See Polish National Committee (1917–19).
Giovanni Antonio Amato
Giovanni Antonio Amato or Amati (c. 1475–1555) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period. Born in Naples, he copied the style of Pietro Perugino.

He was also called il Vecchio. He followed the style of Pietro Perugino, and among his pupils were Giovanni Vincenzo Corso, Giovanni Bernardo Lama, Battista Loca, Pietro Negroni, Simone il Giovane Papa, and Cesare Turco. His nephew, Giovanni Antonio di Amato the younger, married the painter Mariangiola Criscuolo.

Another painter named Giovanni Antonio D’Amato was active in Baroque Naples. He painted a Vergine Lauretana for the church of Santa Maria del Popolo agli Incurabili and the Vision of San Romualdo for the ceiling of the choir of the Eremo dei Camaldoli. He painted a Santi Nicola, Domenico e Gennaro, now in the museo civico. He also painted a Deposition and the Holy Family in the church of the Gerolamini. The relationship between these two painters is unclear.

Pietro Perugino
Pietro Perugino (US: /ˌpɛrəˈdʒiːnoʊ, -ruːˈ-/ PERR-ə-JEE-noh, -⁠oo-; Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro peruˈdʒiːno]; born Pietro Vannucci or Pietro Vanucci; c. 1446/1452 – 1523), an Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbrian school, developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael became his most famous pupil.
Beechcraft King Air
The Beechcraft King Air is a line of American utility aircraft produced by Beechcraft. The King Air line comprises a number of twin-turboprop models that have been divided into two families. The Model 90 and 100 series developed in the 1960s are known as King Airs, while the later T-tail Model 200 and 300 series were originally marketed as Super King Airs, with the name "Super" being dropped by Beechcraft in 1996 (although it is still often used to differentiate the 200 and 300 series King Airs from their smaller stablemates).

The King Air was the first aircraft in its class and was produced continuously from 1964 to 2021. It outsold all of its turboprop competitors combined. It has recently faced competition from light jet aircraft such as the Embraer Phenom 100, Honda HA-420 HondaJet and Cessna Citation Mustang; as well as from newer turboprop aircraft including the Piaggio P180 Avanti, and single-engine Piper Malibu Meridian, Pilatus PC-12, and Socata TBM.

Pilatus PC-12
The Pilatus PC-12 is a pressurized, single-engined, turboprop aircraft manufactured by Pilatus Aircraft of Stans, Switzerland since 1991. It was designed as a high-performance utility aircraft that incorporates a large aft cargo door in addition to the main passenger door. Due to its efficient, high-utility design, the PC-12 is used by a large variety of operators. The main use for the aircraft is corporate transportation, but it is also used by fractional and small regional airlines, air-ambulance operators, and many government agencies, such as police departments and armed forces. The 2,000th PC-12 was delivered in May 2023.
Western Middle Anthracite Field
The Western Middle Anthracite Field is a large basin containing veins of anthracite coal in Pennsylvania. The region is in the Appalachian Mountains and is the third-largest anthracite field in the anthracite region in Eastern Pennsylvania behind the Southern and Northern Fields. The field is located above the Southern Anthracite Field strays between Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania and Northumberland County, Pennsylvania in Central Eastern Pennsylvania.

Coal Region
The Coal Region is a region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is known for being home to the largest known deposits of anthracite coal in the world with an estimated reserve of seven billion short tons.

The region is typically defined as comprising five Pennsylvania counties, Carbon County, Lackawanna County, Luzerne County, Northumberland County, and Schuylkill County. It is home to 910,716 people as of the 2010 census.

The Coal Region is bordered by Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties (including the Lehigh Valley) to its south; Columbia and Dauphin Counties to its west; Wyoming County to its north; and Monroe County, Pennsylvania to its east.
Elliott Colvin (died 1883)
Elliott Graham Colvin (1836–1883) was a British Indian Civil Service (ICS) Officer. He served in Mathura and Meerut during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and later became Meerut's Commissioner. After his death, a gate was erected in his memory in Bulandshahr on the instructions of Frederic Growse.

Frederic Growse
Frederic Salmon Growse CIE (1836 – 19 May 1893) was a British civil servant of the Indian Civil Service (ICS), Hindi scholar, archaeologist and collector, who served in Mainpur, Mathura, Bulandshahr and Fatehpur during British rule in India.

Growse studied Indian literature and languages, and founded the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart and the Government Museum, both at Mathura. Between 1876 and 1883, he published in series, the first English translation of the Ramayana of Tulsidas. He also wrote Mathurá: A district memoir (1880) and a description of the district of Bulandshahr (1884) and of its new architecture (1886).

Described as "never a persona grata to his superiors", he was nonetheless gazetted CIE in 1879. At Bulandshahr between 1878 and 1884 he caused a number of buildings to be constructed using local designs and craftsmen. In 1882, he donated a collection of Indian pottery to the British Museum.
USS Moccasin (SS-5)
USS Moccasin/A-4 (SS-5), also known as "Submarine Torpedo Boat No. 5", was one of seven  Plunger-class submarines built for the United States Navy (USN) in the first decade of the 20th century. Named for the Moccasin. She served as a training boat before being transported to the Philippines for harbor defense during WWI.

Plunger-class submarine
The Plunger class was an early class of United States Navy submarines. In the first years of their service, they were used primarily as training and experimental vessels for the newly formed "silent service" to familiarize naval personnel with the performance and operations of such craft. They were known as the "A class" after being renamed to A-type designations (A-1 through A-7) on 17 November 1911. All except Plunger ended up being stationed in the Philippines, an American possession, prior to the outbreak of World War I. They were shipped there on colliers (coal-carrying ships) and formed an integral part of the harbor defense system for Manila. In some instances, this class of submarines is referred to as the Adder class, as USS Adder was the first boat of the class to be completed.
Hethum II
Hethum II, OFM (Armenian: Հեթում Բ; 1266 – 17 November 1307) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1289 to 1293, 1295 to 1296 and 1299 to 1303, while Armenia was a subject state of the Mongol Empire. He abdicated twice to take vows with the Franciscans, while still remaining the power behind the throne as "Grand Baron of Armenia" and later as Regent for his nephew.

He was the son of King Leo II of Armenia and Queen Keran, and was part of the Hethumid dynasty, being the grandson of Hethum I, who had originally submitted Cilicia to the Mongols in 1247. Hethum II was assassinated with his nephew and successor Leo III by the Mongol general Bilarghu, who himself was later executed for this by the Mongol Ilkhanid ruler Öljaitü.

Hethum I
Hethum I (Armenian: Հեթում Ա; 1213 – 21 October 1270) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (also known as "Little Armenia") from 1226 to 1270. He was the son of Constantine of Baberon (d. 1263) and Princess Alix Pahlavouni of Lampron (a third-cousin of Leo I) and was the founder of the dynasty which bears his name: the Hethumids also known as the House of Lampron. Having accepted the suzerainty of the Mongol Empire, Hethum himself traveled to the Mongol court in Karakorum, Mongolia, a famous account of which is given by Hethum's companion, the historian Kirakos Gandzaketsi, in his History of Armenia. He allied with the Mongols to fight against the Muslim Mamluks and also encouraged other Crusader states to do the same.
Haplophrentis
Haplophrentis is a genus of tiny shelled hyolithid which lived in the Cambrian Period. Its shell was long and conical, with the open end protected by an operculum, from which two fleshy arms called helens protruded at the sides. These arms served to elevate the opening of the shells above the sea floor, acting like stilts.

Hyolitha
Hyoliths are an extinct group of invertebrates with small conical shells, known from fossils from the Palaeozoic era. They are at least considered lophotrochozoans, possibly being lophophorates, a group which includes the brachiopods (hyoliths may even be brachiopods themselves), while others consider them as being basal lophotrochozoans, or even molluscs.
Serviettenknödel
Serviettenknödel, (German pronunciation [ˈzɛʁviˌɛtn̩ˌknøːdl̩]) also called Serviettenklöße (lit. "napkin dumpling") are a kind of bread dumplings made from dried wheat bread rolls like Kaiser rolls, milk and eggs. Servierttenknödel are a middle European dish made from the same dough as Semmelknödel and are usually served as a side dish. They are sometimes served as a main course or a dessert.

Many recipes vary greatly from region to region, both in the method of preparation and in the dough used. This covers the whole range of dumpling doughs in terms of base, leavening agents, and spices.

Dumpling
Dumplings are a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of cooked dough (made from a variety of starchy sources), often wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, wheat or other flours, or potatoes, and it may be filled with meat, fish, tofu, cheese, vegetables, or a combination. Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of cooking methods and are found in many world cuisines.

One of the earliest mentions of dumplings comes from the Chinese scholar Shu Xi who mentions them in a fu poem 1,700 years ago. In addition, archaeologically preserved dumplings have been found in Turfan, Xinjiang, China dating back over 1,000 years.
United Socialist Workers' Party
The United Socialist Workers' Party (Portuguese: Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado, PSTU) is a Trotskyist party in Brazil. It is the largest section of the International Workers' League (Fourth International) (LIT), an international body of groups in the Morenoist tradition.

International Workers League – Fourth International
The International Workers League (Fourth International) (Spanish: Liga Internacional de los Trabajadores (Cuarta Internacional), or LITci; Portuguese: Liga Internacional dos Trabalhadores - Quarta Internacional, or LIT-QI), also known as IWLfi, is a Morenist Trotskyist international organisation.
Regent of Thailand
A regent of Thailand (Thai: ผู้สำเร็จราชการแทนพระองค์) is a person who exercises the official functions of a monarch of Thailand when the monarch is incapable of functioning or during a period of interregnum.

Monarchy of Thailand
The monarchy of Thailand is the constitutional form of government of Thailand (formerly Siam). The king of Thailand (Thai: พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, historically, king of Siam; Thai: พระเจ้ากรุงสยาม) is the head of state and head of the ruling Chakri dynasty.

Although the current Chakri dynasty was created in 1782, the existence of the institution of monarchy in Thailand is traditionally considered to have its roots in the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238, with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to the accession of Taksin in the 18th century. The institution was transformed into a constitutional monarchy in 1932 after the bloodless socialist-leaning Siamese Revolution of 1932. The monarchy's official ceremonial residence is the Grand Palace in Bangkok, while the private residence has been at the Dusit Palace. 
The king of Thailand is head of state, Highest Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, adherent of Buddhism and upholder of religions.
Chinook Display Team
The Chinook Display Team is an aerobatics display team in the Royal Air Force based at RAF Odiham. The team flies the UK variant Boeing CH-47 Chinook, and is composed of volunteers from front-line aircrew who train and execute air show performances between day-to-day primary military operations. Their regular performances are popular due to public support for the Chinook's military role, its recognizability, and the variation in display and maneuvers it provides to an air show.

Boeing Chinook (UK variants)
The Boeing Chinook is a large, tandem rotor helicopter operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF). A series of variants based on the United States Army's Boeing CH-47 Chinook, the RAF Chinook fleet is the largest outside the United States. RAF Chinooks have seen extensive service in the Falklands War, the Balkans, Northern Ireland, Iraq, and Afghanistan.

The Chinook, normally based at RAF Odiham and  RAF Benson, near Wallingford, in South Oxfordshire, England, provides heavy-lift support and transport across all branches of the British armed forces since the early 1980s. The RAF has a total of fifty-four Chinooks in active inventory as of 2025. In 2018, the UK issued a request to the United States to purchase fourteen additional rotorcraft. The Chinook is expected to remain in RAF service until the 2040s.
Anders Aarum
Anders Aarum (born 17 December 1974) is a Norwegian jazz pianist, known from numerous albums and international collaborations like Sonny Simmons, Ola Kvernberg, Tine Asmundsen, Sigurd Køhn, Børre Dalhaug, Nora Brockstedt and Even Kruse Skatrud.

Ola Kvernberg
Ola Kvernberg (born 16 June 1981) is a Norwegian jazz musician known for his virtuosic string swing violin playing and his international performances. He is the son of traditional musicians Liv Rypdal Kvernberg and Torbjørn Kvernberg, and the brother of traditional musicians Kari Kvernberg Dajani and fiddler Jorun Marie Kvernberg, and grandson of the fiddler and traditional music composer Peter L. Rypdal. Kvernberg studied classical violin from the age of nine, and won 3rd prize in a great classical violin competition in Italy when he was fourteen.
Chahardangeh-ye Jonubi Rural District
Chahardangeh-ye Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان چهاردانگه جنوبی) is in Chahardangeh District of Hurand County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kuran, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 403 in 135 households.

Chahardangeh District (Hurand County)
Chahardangeh District (Persian: بخش چهاردانگه) is in Hurand County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Aq Beraz, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 654 people in 174 households.