hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Melbourne Day
Melbourne Day is an annual celebration to mark the founding of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, on 30 August 1835.

Melbourne was settled on 30 August 1835 by a party of free settlers from Van Diemen's Land. The party was led by John Lancey aboard the schooner Enterprize, and was funded by the businessman John Pascoe Fawkner. The settlement followed a treaty with the indigenous Aboriginal group, the Wurundjeri of the Kulin nation alliance, which was negotiated by John Batman on behalf of the Port Phillip Association.

Melbourne differs from Australia's other early colonial cities, in that it was founded by businessmen and free settlers - without the permission of The Crown. However, it was later transferred as a settlement of The Crown on 4 March 1837.

Wurundjeri
The Wurundjeri people are an Aboriginal people of the Woiwurrung language group, in the Kulin nation. Together with the Boonwurrung people they are the traditional owners of the Yarra River Valley, covering much of the present location of Melbourne, or, in their language, Naarn. They continue to live in this area and throughout Australia. They were called the Yarra tribe by early European colonists.

The Wurundjeri Woi Wurrung Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Corporation was established in 1985 by people of Wurundjeri descent.
Tetraethylenepentamine
Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) is an organic compound and is in the class of chemicals known as ethyleneamines. It is a slightly viscous liquid and is not colorless but, like many amines, has a yellow color. It is soluble in most polar solvents. Diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), piperazine, and aminoethylpiperazine are also usually present in commercially available TEPA.

Triethylenetetramine
Triethylenetetramine (TETA and trien), also known as trientine (INN) when used medically, is an organic compound with the formula [CH2NHCH2CH2NH2]2. The pure free base is a colorless oily liquid, but, like many amines, older samples assume a yellowish color due to impurities resulting from air oxidation. It is soluble in polar solvents.  The branched isomer tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and piperazine derivatives may also be present in commercial samples of TETA.
The hydrochloride salts are used medically as a treatment for copper toxicity.
1976–77 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy
The 1976–77 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy was the twelfth occasion on which the BBC2 Floodlit Trophy competition had been held.

Castleford won the trophy by beating Leigh by the score of 12-4 (away from home on the opponent's own ground)
The match was played at Hilton Park, Leigh, now in the  Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 5,402, and the  receipts were £2.793
Castleford had won the  first three BBC2 Floodlit Trophy finals, this brought the  wins up to four

BBC2 Floodlit Trophy
The BBC2 Floodlit Trophy (also known as the BBC2 Television Trophy) was an annual knockout competition for British rugby league clubs. Organised by the Rugby Football League (RFL), the competition was open to all professional clubs with floodlights installed.

First held in 1965–66, games were typically played during the middle of the week, and were broadcast on BBC television. Eight teams competed during the first season, but the tournament was quickly expanded as more teams erected floodlights at their grounds.

The competition's most successful club was Castleford, who won the trophy four times, including the inaugural tournament. The last staging of the competition was in 1979–80, won by Hull, before the competition was cancelled due to financial cutbacks by the BBC.
Tina LeBlanc
Tina LeBlanc (born October 17, 1966) is an American ballet dancer, teacher and ballet master. She joined the Joffrey Ballet in 1984. In 1992, she joined the San Francisco Ballet as a principal dancer. She retired in 2009, then joined the faculty of the San Francisco Ballet School, before returning to the San Francisco Ballet as a ballet master in 2019.

Ballet master
A ballet master (also balletmaster, ballet mistress, premier maître de ballet or premier maître de ballet en chef) is an employee of a ballet company who is responsible for the level of competence of the dancers in their company. In modern times, ballet masters are generally charged with teaching the daily company ballet class and rehearsing the dancers for both new and established ballets in the company's repertoire. The artistic director of a ballet company, whether a male or female, may also be called its ballet master.  Historic use of gender marking in job titles in ballet (and live theatre) is being supplanted by gender-neutral language job titles regardless of an employee's gender (e.g. ballet master in lieu of ballet mistress, wig master as an alternative to wig mistress).
John Le Hay
John Le Hay was the stage name of John Mackway Healy (25 March 1854 – 2 November 1926), an English singer and actor known for his portrayal of the comic baritone roles in the Savoy Operas. He also appeared in non-musical plays, adaptations of French comic operas and opérettes, and in Edwardian musical comedy, usually in comic roles, though sometimes in more serious character parts. As a skilled ventriloquist he appeared before royalty, and periodically he presented his own one-man entertainment during his half-century long stage career.

Ventriloquism
Ventriloquism is the performance art of speaking or producing sounds so that the voice appears to come from a source other than the performer, most often a puppet or "dummy." Ventriloquists create the illusion of a separate character by manipulating the puppet and producing distinct voices, often for comedy, storytelling, or theatrical entertainment. The technique requires precise vocal control and minimal lip movement. Ventriloquism has historical roots in ancient cultures and theater, and it continues to be practiced in live performances, television, and media worldwide.
Omoyele Sowore
Omoyele Yele Sowore (listenⓘ; born 16 February 1971) is a Nigerian politician, human rights activist, citizen reporter, writer, lecturer and pro-democracy campaigner, known for founding the online news agency Sahara Reporters.  In August 2018, he founded the African Action Congress party and ran as its presidential candidate in the 2019 Nigerian general election. Sowore also ran for President in the 2023 Nigerian General elections.

On 3 August 2019, Sowore was arrested by the Nigerian State Security Service (SSS), for alleged treason after calling for a protest tagged RevolutionNow. He was arrested again and assaulted during a protest in Abuja on 1 January 2021. Sowore was injured by a police officer during a protest in Abuja on 31 May 2021.

2023 Nigerian general election
General elections were held in Nigeria on 25 February 2023 to elect the president and vice president and members of the Senate and House of Representatives. Incumbent president Muhammadu Buhari was term-limited and could not seek re-election for a third term. This election was seen as the tightest race since the end of military rule in 1999.
Shangali
Shangali or Mangi Shangali Ndesserua Kombe (c. 1870s–1950s), also called Mangi Shangali of Machame (Mangi Shangali in Kichagga; Mfalme Shangali in Swahili), was a well-known monarch of the Chaga in the second half of the 19th century. He was the son of Mangi Ndesserua of Machame and a king of the Chagga. Mangi means king in Kichagga.

Mamkinga
Mamkinga or Mangi Mamkinga Rengua Kombe Kiwaria (c.1820s–1861), also known as Mangi Mamkinga of Machame (Mangi Mamkinga in Kichagga; (Mfalme Mamkinga in Swahili) was a prominent sovereign of the Chagga states in the middle of the 19th century, the son of Mangi Rengua of Machame, and a king of the Chaga. Mangi means king in Kichagga.
Mary Beth Marley
Mary Beth Marley (born May 19, 1995) is an American pair skater. With former partner Rockne Brubaker, she is the 2012 Four Continents bronze medalist and 2012 U.S. silver medalist. Previously, Marley competed in single skating and became the 2009 U.S. novice silver medalist.

2009 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2009 U.S. Figure Skating Championships took place from January 18 to 25th 2009 at the Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. Skaters competed in four disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing – and across three levels: senior, junior, and novice. Medals were awarded in four colors: gold (first), silver (second), bronze (third), and pewter (fourth).

The event was used to determine the U.S. teams for the 2009 World Championships, 2009 Four Continents Championships, and 2009 World Junior Championships.
Catalan grammar
Catalan grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Catalan language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages. Catalan is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.

Features include:

Use of definite and indefinite articles.

Nouns, adjectives, pronouns and articles are inflected for gender (masculine and feminine) and number (singular and plural). The numerals 'one', 'two' and the numeral 'hundred' from two-hundred onwards are also inflected for gender.

Highly inflected verbs, for person, number, tense, aspect, and mood (including a subjunctive).

Word order is freer than in English.

Some distinctive features of Catalan among Romance languages include the general lack of masculine markers (like Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese -o), a trait shared with French and Occitan; and the fact that the remote preterite tense of verbs is usually formed with a periphrasis consisting of the verb "to go" plus infinitive.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.
Raiden Shin'emon
Raiden Shin'emon (雷電 震右エ門; 1842 – June 7, 1886) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Hakui, Ishikawa Prefecture. He made his debut in April 1864 and wrestled for Chiganoura stable. He reached the makuuchi division in April 1870 and reached the rank of ōzeki in 1877. He was nicknamed "Noto's Raiden" (能登雷電) since he is the last wrestler to use the Raiden shikona, or ring name. He retired in May, 1881 and died in 1886.

Hakui, Ishikawa
Hakui (羽咋市, Hakui-shi) is a city located in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2018, the city had an estimated population of 22,052 in 8566 households, and a population density of 270 persons per km². The total area of the city was 81.85 square kilometres (31.60 sq mi).
Joseph Yobo
Joseph Michael Yobo OON (born 6 September 1980) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a centre back. He was the captain of the Nigerian national team until his international football retirement in June 2014, and was Nigeria's record appearance holder. In February 2020, he was appointed assistant coach of the Super Eagles by the Nigeria Football Federation.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
Royal Faculty of Procurators in Glasgow
The Royal Faculty of Procurators in Glasgow is a professional body of legal practitioners based in Glasgow and providing services to lawyers in the city and the surrounding area. The Faculty owns and operates the largest law library in the West of Scotland as well as a small branch library at Glasgow Sheriff Court, and runs a programme of continuing professional development (CPD) seminars.

The Faculty is similar to the Society of Writers to His Majesty's Signet (WS Society), a professional association of solicitors which maintains the Signet Library in Edinburgh, however these bodies play no regulatory role for their members, only providing services, and should be distinguished from the Law Society of Scotland and Faculty of Advocates, which are the respective regulatory bodies for solicitors and advocates in Scotland.

Faculty of Advocates
The Faculty of Advocates (Scottish Gaelic: Dàmh an Luchd-tagraidh) is an independent body of lawyers who have been admitted to practise as advocates before the courts of Scotland, especially the Court of Session and the High Court of Justiciary. The Faculty of Advocates is a constituent part of the College of Justice and is based in Edinburgh.

Advocates are privileged to plead in any cause before any of the courts of Scotland, including the sheriff courts and district courts, where counsel are not excluded by statute.
Media in Winnipeg
The following is a list of media outlets in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Such outlets can include newspapers, radio and television stations, and online media operating in and serving Winnipeg and/or the Winnipeg Metro Region.

Active in Winnipeg are various local, national, and international media outlets; local outlets also include neighbourhood and ethnic media.

Winnipeg Metropolitan Region
The Winnipeg Metropolitan Region (formerly called the Winnipeg Capital Region and the Manitoba Capital Region) is a metropolitan area in the Canadian province of Manitoba located in the Red River Valley in the southeast portion of the province of Manitoba, Canada. It contains the provincial capital of Winnipeg and 17 surrounding rural municipalities, cities, and towns.

Other places in the region besides Winnipeg with a population over 1,000 are the city of Selkirk; towns of Stonewall and Niverville; and communities of Oakbank, Oak Bluff, Stony Mountain, Teulon, and Lorette. As the most densely-populated and economically-important area of Manitoba, the region accounts for two-thirds of the province's population and 70% of the provincial GDP as of 2021.

It also includes the smaller census metropolitan area (CMA) of Winnipeg, with the addition of the Brokenhead 4 Indian Reserve.
Geraldine Holm Hoch
Geraldine Holm Hoch (June 10, 1924 – May 3, 1973) was an American chemical engineer who was one of the first women to work at  Pratt & Whitney,  Northrop Grumman, Bendix Corporation, the Midwest Research Institute and Lockheed Martin. She patented corrosion prevention systems for the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar and used on the Boeing 747.

MRIGlobal
MRIGlobal is an independent, nonprofit, applied research organization based in Kansas City, Missouri, with offices also in Virginia, Maryland, and North Kansas City, Missouri. In addition to its own research laboratories, MRIGlobal co-manages the National Renewable Energy Laboratory research facility for the Department of Energy as part of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy.

MRIGlobal produces solutions to biological, chemical, and engineering challenges by performing research and development services for health and defense-focused organizations. This includes expertise in pharmaceutical research and clinical trial support, infectious disease biosurveillance and diagnostics development, biological and chemical threat agent detection, and laboratory management and operations.
2016 Davis Cup World Group play-offs
The 2016 Davis Cup World Group play-offs were held from 16 to 18 September. They were the main play-offs of the 2016 Davis Cup. The winners of the playoffs advanced to the 2017 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions I.

2017 Davis Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Davis Cup competition in 2017. The first-round losers went into the Davis Cup World Group play-offs, and the winners progressed to the quarterfinals and the World Group stage of the competition in 2018.
Craig Mackinlay
Craig Mackinlay, Baron Mackinlay of Richborough, JP (born 7 October 1966), is a British Conservative Party politician and businessman. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for South Thanet from 2015 to 2024.

Initially a member of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), Mackinlay served as the deputy leader of UKIP from 1997 to 2000 and the acting leader of UKIP in 1997, before joining the Conservative Party in 2005.

In the 2015 general election, Mackinlay was elected to the House of Commons in South Thanet a Conservative candidate, defeating Nigel Farage, then leader of UKIP. As an MP, Mackinlay was a member of the Brexit Select Committee and the Common Sense Group.

Mackinlay underwent a quadruple amputation following an infection of sepsis in 2023. He stood down as an MP at the 2024 general election and was appointed to the House of Lords.

Since 2025, he has been Director of the Global Warming Policy Foundation.

Committee on the Future Relationship with the European Union
The Committee on the Future Relationship with the European Union, commonly known as the Brexit Select Committee and formerly the Exiting the European Union Select Committee, was a select committee of the British House of Commons that examines matters relating to the United Kingdom's relationship with the European Union after Brexit. Until the department's closure on 31 January 2020, the committee scrutinised the work of the Department for Exiting the European Union, which had been launched by Prime Minister Theresa May in July 2016 following the 'Leave' vote in the UK's referendum on membership of the European Union. It was dissolved on 16 January 2021 in line with the temporary standing order which formed the committee.
Iteratively reweighted least squares
The method of iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) is used to solve certain optimization problems with objective functions of the form of a p-norm:

by an iterative method in which each step involves solving a weighted least squares problem of the form:

IRLS is used to find the maximum likelihood estimates of a generalized linear model, and in robust regression to find an M-estimator, as a way of mitigating the influence of outliers in an otherwise normally-distributed data set, for example, by minimizing the least absolute errors rather than the least square errors.

One of the advantages of IRLS over linear programming and convex programming is that it can be used with Gauss–Newton and Levenberg–Marquardt numerical algorithms.

Lp space
In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p-norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue (Dunford & Schwartz 1958, III.3), although according to the Bourbaki group (Bourbaki 1987) they were first introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1910).

Lp spaces form an important class of Banach spaces in functional analysis, and of topological vector spaces. Because of their key role in the mathematical analysis of measure and probability spaces, Lebesgue spaces are used also in the theoretical discussion of problems in physics, statistics, economics, finance, engineering, and other disciplines.
Syokimau
Syokimau is a residential area in the west of Machakos County, Kenya, just south of Nairobi and Jomo Kenyatta International Airport.

The place is named after the legendary Akamba medicine woman Prophetess Syokimau. Syokimau Prophesied the coming of the white people to Kenya and also prophesied the construction of the Mombasa to Kisumu railway line. In her prophecy she said she could see people of a different colour emanating from kisuani, the modern day port of Mombasa and carrying fire in their pockets which was later to be understood as white people in vessels carrying matchboxes and guns. She prophesied seeing a long snake, whose head was in the Indian Ocean and the tail was in Lake Victoria.

Administratively, most of Syokimau falls within Syokimau/Mlolongo ward in Mavoko Constituency of Machakos County.

Machakos County
Machakos County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya, which came into being as part of the devolved system of governance occasioned by the 2010 constitution of Kenya. The county's administrative headquarters are in Machakos Town, which is the largest town in the county. The county had a population of 1,421,932 as of 2019. The county borders Nairobi and Kiambu counties to the west, Embu to the north, Kitui to the east, Makueni to the south, Kajiado to the south west, and Murang'a and Kirinyaga to the north west.
List broker
A list broker acts as an agent for those who wish to conduct direct marketing campaigns via direct mail, email, or telemarketing.

List brokers provide lists that, minimally, contain a prospect's name and physical address. Consumer Lists may include additional demographic information such as age, gender, income, etc.; Business Lists may include firmographic information like job title, industry, employee size, etc. List Brokers work on behalf of their clients to find the best lists that reach their clients' desired target audience in which to promote/advertise their product or service, and coordinates the procurement process.

Many promotional mailings such as catalogs, coupons, promotional offers and credit offers utilize lists purchased through list brokers.

Common associations to which list brokers belong are the American Marketing Association and the Direct Marketing Association.

Direct marketing
Direct marketing is a form of communicating an offer, where organizations communicate directly to a pre-selected customer and supply a method for a direct response. Among practitioners, it is also known as direct response marketing. In contrast to direct marketing, advertising is more of a mass-message nature.
Response channels include toll-free telephone numbers, reply cards, reply forms to be sent in an envelope, websites and email addresses.

The prevalence of direct marketing and the unwelcome nature of some communications has led to regulations and laws such as the CAN-SPAM Act, requiring that consumers in the United States be allowed to opt-out.
Tennessee House of Representatives 75th district
Tennessee House of Representatives District 75 is one of the 99 legislative districts in the Tennessee House of Representatives. The district covers the western portion of Montgomery County, Tennessee, including Fort Campbell and parts of Clarksville, Tennessee. The district is considered slightly competitive. In 2024, Donald Trump won the district with a margin of 12.6%.

Clarksville, Tennessee
Clarksville is a city in Montgomery County, Tennessee, United States, its county seat, and only incorporated municipality. The city had a population of 166,722 as of the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most populous city in Tennessee. It is the principal city of the Clarksville metropolitan area, which consists of Montgomery and Stewart counties in Tennessee and Christian and Trigg counties in Kentucky.

The city was founded in 1785 and incorporated in 1807, and named for General George Rogers Clark, frontier fighter and Revolutionary War hero, and brother of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Clarksville is the home of Austin Peay State University; The Leaf-Chronicle, the oldest newspaper in Tennessee; and neighbor to the Fort Campbell, United States Army post. The site of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell is located about 10 miles (16 km) from downtown Clarksville and straddles the Tennessee-Kentucky state line.