hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Israeli female tank crew fight
On 7 October 2023, seven female Israeli tank crew members from the Caracal Battalion fought against Hamas militants continuously for 17 hours. The battle was the first instance in modern military history of an all-female armored unit taking part in combat. According to Israel, they killed 50 militants.

The performance of the unit and other acts by Israeli female soldiers on 7 October impacted the way women were viewed in the IDF and in the integration of women in the army.

Director Ayelet Menahemi and writer-actress Eleanor Sela announced in December 2023 that they were working on a featured film about the all-female tank unit's activities during the 7 October attacks.

Israel has promoted its female tank crews as part of its public relations war within the conflict.

Caracal Battalion
The 33rd "Caracal" Battalion (Hebrew: גדוד קרקל) is an infantry combat battalion of the Israel Defense Forces, one of the three fully combat units (alongside the 'Lions of Jordan Battalion' and the 'Cheetah Battalion') in the Israeli military's Paran Brigade that are composed of both male and female soldiers. It is named after the caracal, a small cat whose sexes appear the same. As of 2009, approximately 70% of the battalion was female.

The Caracal Battalion is unique among the border patrol battalions as apart from its infantry units, it includes a tank unit made from female soldiers entirely. The squad (called Pere Squad) was formed after a multiple year long pilot which tested the ability to involve women in the Armored Corps.
Orithyia (Amazon)
In Greek and Roman legendary history, Orithyia was the daughter of Marpesia, and  became the queen of the Amazons. She was a key figures in the story of Hercules' quest for the girdle of the Amazon queen, his ninth labor.

Marpesia
In ancient Greek and Roman legendary history, Marpesia (Greek: Μαρπησία "Snatcher"; sometimes wrongly spelled Marthesia) was Queen of the Amazons with Lampedo ("burning torch"), her sister, as a co-ruler. They ruled with Hippo ("horse") after the death of Lysippe.

Marpesia was one of the rulers who helped establish the Greek city of Ephesus.

In Giovanni Boccaccio’s Famous Women, a chapter is dedicated to Lampedo and Marpesia.
RD-0237
The RD-0237 (Russian: Ракетный Двигатель-0237, romanized: Raketnyy Dvigatel-0237, lit. 'Rocket Engine 0237', GRAU index: 15D114) is a vernier thruster engine used on liquid-fueled rockets burning a hypergolic mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel with dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) oxidizer, pressure-fed to the engine. It is used on the UR-100UTTKh MIRV vehicle to supply thrust vector control by gimbaling of its nozzle. While the engine is out of production, the ICBM and Strela remain operational as of 2015.

Liquid-propellant rocket
Liquid rocket fuel.

Oxidizer.

Pumps carry the fuel and oxidizer.

The combustion chamber mixes and burns the two liquids.

Combustion product gasses enter the nozzle through a throat.

Exhaust exits the rocket.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.
Chelsea Manalo
Chelsea Anne Manalo (Tagalog: [ˈtʃɛlsi mɐˈnalɔ]; born October 14, 1999) is a Filipino model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Philippines 2024. As the first Filipino of African descent to win the national competition, Manalo represented the Philippines at Miss Universe 2024, where she finished as a top-30 semifinalist and was named the inaugural continental queen for Asia.

An advocate for indigenous Dumagat people, Manalo campaigns for youth education, accessibility, and empowerment. Manalo previously competed in Miss World Philippines 2017 and reached the top 15.

Miss World Philippines 2017
Miss World Philippines 2017 was the seventh Miss World Philippines pageant, held at the Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines, on September 3, 2017. It was the first edition under the new national director, Arnold Vegafria.

Catriona Gray crowned Laura Lehmann as her successor at the end of the event. Three additional titleholders were also crowned at the event which were Winwyn Marquez as Reina Hispanoamericana Filipinas 2017, Cynthia Thomalla as Miss Eco Philippines 2017, and Sophia Senoron as Miss Multinational Philippines 2017. Glyssa Perez was named first runner-up, and Zara Carbonell was named second runner-up.

The event was attended by Miss World chairman Julia Morley, Miss World 2016 Stephanie Del Valle, and the Miss World 2016 Continental Queens of Beauty.
Carl-Wilhelm von Spee
Carl-Wilhelm Franz-Xaver, Count von Spee (22 May 1758 in Düsseldorf – 18 July 1810 at Castle Heltorf) was a German nobleman from the family of the Counts of Spee and was at the service of Cologne and Kurpfalz-Bavaria.

Schloss Heltorf
Heltorf Castle (German: Schloß Heltorf) is a water castle located in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. First mentioned in the 11th century as Hof Helethorpe, the castle has a history tied to noble families such as the Lords of Heldorp, the von Troisdorf family, the von Scheidt Barons, and the Counts of Spee, who still own it today. The castle's current mansion was constructed in the early 19th century in the classicist style, featuring notable frescoes depicting scenes from the reign of Frederick Barbarossa.

Surrounded by a 54-hectare English landscape park designed by Maximilian Weyhe in 1803, Schloss Heltorf is known for its rare rhododendron plantings (second-oldest in Germany) and annual open-air Marian celebration. While the castle itself is not open to the public, the park welcomes visitors from May to October on weekends and public holidays. Heltorf is the biggest palace in Düsseldorf, since 1662, and serves as the homestead of the noble family Grafen von Spee.
Noora Naraghi
Noora Naraghi (Persian: نورا نراقی; born 30 May 1988) is an Iranian motocross racer. She is the first women's Iran motocross champion. In 2009, she won Iran's first-ever female championship in motocross. Then, she had made headline news in Iran and worldwide. In 2010, she traveled to Tallahassee, Florida, USA to learn motocross from Stefy Bau, former women's world motocross champion, the elite worldwide motocross academy for women – so, CNN picked up the story. In 2010, she also raced in competitions sponsored by the American Motorcyclist Association.

Stefy Bau
Stefy Bau is an Italian former professional motocross and supercross racer. After a career-ending injury in 2005, Stefy became the General Manager of the newly established FIM Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme Women's World Motocross Championship. Bau is also a member of the CFM (Women Commission inside the FIM Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme). As of 2019 she manages other racers, including Tanya Muzinda.
Aimee Mackin
Aimee Mackin (born 22 April 1997) is an Irish dual code footballer from Camlough in County Armagh. In association football she has played for Women's Premiership clubs Newry City and Sion Swifts, and represented the Northern Ireland women's national football team at both youth and senior level. She also played ladies' Gaelic football for Shane O'Neill's GAC and at senior level for Armagh GAA, competing in the Ladies' National Football League and All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship. She was named the 2020 TG4 Senior Player's Player of the Year.

Women's Premiership (Northern Ireland)
The Women's Premiership is the top level women's football league of Northern Irish league football. The league was called the NIWFA Division League 1 until 2003 and Premier League until 2015. In 2016, it was rebranded the Women's Premiership and is run by NIFL/ Irish League since.

Ten teams play a double round robin to crown the champion, which qualifies for a spot in the UEFA Women's Champions League.
The tenth place gets relegated to the Women's Championship 1, the ninth place plays a two-legged relegation playoff against the runner up of the Women's Championship.
The Original Dinerant
The Original Dinerant, or simply The Original, was a diner serving American cuisine in Portland, Oregon, United States. Owned by Sage Hospitality Resources, Guy Fieri visited the "modern" and "upscale" diner to film a 2016 episode of the Food Network's Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives. The diner hosted competitive eating contests and other special events. The Original received a generally positive reception and was most known for its glazed doughnut sliders and alcoholic milkshakes. The restaurant's mezzanine level had an amusement arcade and bar called The Dinercade added in early 2019. The Original Dinerant closed permanently.

Slider (sandwich)
A slider is an American term for a small hamburger, typically around 2 inches (5 cm) across, made with a bun or dinner roll. Sliders can be served as hors d'oeuvres, snacks, or entrées. They have become a popular game day appetizer in the United States.
Hamburgische Münze
The Hamburgische Münze is a European coin mint located in the city of Hamburg. It is one of the four German coin mints, the others being the Staatliche Münzen Baden-Württemberg, the Bavarian State Mint, and the Staatliche Münze Berlin.

The earliest coins minted by the Hamburgische Münze are dated 834 CE, making it the oldest mint in Germany currently in operation. Since 1875 CE, all coins minted at the Hamburgische Münze have had a 'J' mint mark stamped on them for tracing purposes.

Mint (facility)
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. In the beginning, hammered coinage or cast coinage were the chief means of coin minting, with resulting production runs numbering as little as the hundreds or thousands. In modern mints, coin dies are manufactured in large numbers and planchets are made into milled coins by the billions.

With the mass production of currency, the production cost is weighed when minting coins. For example, it costs the United States Mint much less than 25 cents to make a quarter (a 25 cent coin), and the difference in production cost and face value (called seigniorage) helps fund the minting body. Conversely, a U.S. penny ($0.01) cost $0.015 to make in 2016.
Kemp's Deed
Kemp's Deed, was a contract signed on 12 June 1848 by Tacy Kemp, representing the New Zealand Company on behalf of the British Crown, and 40 leading Māori of the Ngāi Tahu iwi. It was the basis of the Canterbury Purchase, on the South Island. Kemp did not properly follow his instructions, for which he was taken to task by E. J. Eyre, the lieutenant-governor of New Munster (the South Island). Resulting Ngāi Tahu grievances were settled 150 years later with the passing of the Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998 and a compensation package valued at NZ$170 million.

Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998
The Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998 is an act of parliament passed in New Zealand relating to Ngāi Tahu, the principal Māori iwi (tribe) of the South Island. The act's purpose is to settle all of the tribe's claims under the Treaty of Waitangi, and to record an apology to Ngai Tahu from the Crown, in regard to past failures to protect the tribe's interests. The act is administered by the Office of Treaty Settlements.

It was negotiated in part by Henare Rakiihia Tau. The documents in relation to the Ngāi Tahu land settlement claim are held at Tūranga, the main public library in Christchurch.

Schedule 96 "Alteration of place names" contains a list of places that received official name changes to dual English and Māori names, such as Aoraki / Mount Cook.
Flhorban 920
Flhorban 920 (FB920) is a synthetic banana hybrid (Musa spp. AAA group) developed as a cultivar of banana naturally resistant to Black and Yellow Sigatoka fungi (Mycosphaerella fijiensis and Mycosphaerella musicola respectively) in an attempt to replace the highly susceptible Cavendish banana.  Additionally, FB920 has been shown to improve root resistance to Burrowing nematodes (Radopholus similis).

Black sigatoka
Black sigatoka is a leaf-spot disease of banana plants caused by the ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Morelet), also known as black leaf streak. It was discovered in 1963 and named for its similarities with yellow Sigatoka, which is caused by Mycosphaerella musicola (Mulder), which was itself named after the Sigatoka Valley in Fiji. In the same valley an outbreak of this disease reached epidemic proportions from 1912 to 1923.

According to new terminology, the Sigatoka disease complex is a cluster of three closely related fungi: Black Sigatoka and its congeners Yellow Sigatoka (Ps. musae) and eumusae leaf spot (Ps. eumusae).

Plants with leaves damaged by the disease may have up to 50% lower yield of fruit, and control can take up to 50 sprays a year.
Armour in the 18th century
Armour in the 18th century was minimalist and restricted almost entirely to cavalry, primarily to cuirassiers and, to a lesser degree, carabiniers and dragoons. Armour had been in rapid decline since the Thirty Years' War, although some archaisms had lingered on into the early years of the 18th century, like Austrian cuirassiers with buff coats and lobster-tailed helmets or Hungarian warriors with mail armour and shields. With the exception of Poland-Lithuania, which still made use of hussars wearing suits of plate armour, armour in Europe was primarily restricted to a (sometimes blackened) breast- and backplate, the cuirass, and a simple iron skull cap worn under the hat. By the later 18th century, there were two contradicting developments. Many cuirassier regiments were discarding their cuirasses, while helmets in the form of so-called dragoon helmets, made of brass or leather, made a comeback among the cavalry and infantry.

Cuirassier
A cuirassier (/ˌkwɪrəˈsɪər/ KWIRR-ə-SEER; French: [kɥiʁasje]; French for 'one wearing a cuirass') was a cavalryman equipped with a cuirass, sword, and pistols. Cuirassiers first appeared in mid-to-late 16th century Europe as a result of armoured cavalry such as men-at-arms and demi-lancers discarding their lances and adopting pistols as their primary weapon. In the later part of the 17th century, the cuirassier lost his limb armour and subsequently wore only the cuirass (breastplate and backplate), and sometimes a helmet. By this time, the sword or sabre had become his primary weapon, with pistols relegated to a secondary function.

Cuirassiers achieved increased prominence during the Napoleonic Wars and were last fielded in the opening stages of World War I (1914–1918). A number of countries continue to use cuirassiers as ceremonial troops.

The French term cuirassier means "one with a cuirass" (French: cuirasse), the breastplate armour which they wore.
Fisher Building (Chicago)
The Fisher Building is 20-story, 275-foot-tall (84 m) neo-Gothic landmark building located at 343 South Dearborn Street in the Chicago Loop community area of Chicago.  Commissioned by paper magnate Lucius Fisher, the original building was completed in 1896 by D.H. Burnham & Company with an addition later added in 1907.

D. H. Burnham & Company
D.H. Burnham and Company was an architecture firm based in Chicago, Illinois. As successor to Burnham and Root, the name was changed once John Root died in 1891. Root was the chief consulting architect for the World's Columbian Exposition. After Root's death, Daniel Burnham took that title along with his old title of Chief of Construction.
2020 Deloitte Tankard
The 2020 Deloitte Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship of Nova Scotia, was held from January 20 to 26 at the Dartmouth Curling Club in Dartmouth. The winning Jamie Murphy rink represented Nova Scotia at the 2020 Tim Hortons Brier in Kingston, Ontario and finished with a 3–4 record. The event was held in conjunction with the 2020 Nova Scotia Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship.

Jamie Murphy won his sixth Nova Scotia Men's provincial title when he defeated Kendal Thompson's team 10-4 in the final.

Nova Scotia Tankard
The Ocean Contractors Men's Curling Championship is the Nova Scotia provincial championship for men's curling. The tournament is run by the Nova Scotia Curling Association. The winner represents Team Nova Scotia at the Montana's Brier.

Previously, it was known as the Johnson Cup (1927-1939); British Consols (1940-1979), the Labatt Tankard, Keith's Tankard, Molson Scotia Cup, Molson Coors Tankard (2013-2014), Clearwater Men's Provincial Championship (2015), the East Coast Credit Union Tankard (2016), the Deloitte Tankard (2017–2020), the Nova Scotia Tankard (2023), and the Ocean Contractors Tankard (2024).
Boston Manor House
Boston Manor House is an English Jacobean manor house built in 1622 with internal alterations, intensively restored in later centuries. It was the manor house of one of the early medieval-founded manors in Middlesex.  Since 1965 the manor's small part of the parish of Hanwell has been part of the London Borough of Hounslow in west London. Boston Manor Park is the publicly owned green space, including a lake, which adjoins the house.

Gunnersbury Park
Gunnersbury Park is a park between Acton, Brentford, Chiswick and Ealing, West London, England. Purchased for the nation from the Rothschild family, it was opened to the public by Neville Chamberlain, then Minister of Health, on 21 May 1926. The park is currently jointly managed by Hounslow and Ealing borough councils. A major restoration project funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund was completed in 2018. The park and garden is Grade II listed.

Under Leopold de Rothschild in the later 19th century, the park and gardens were greatly developed into a leading example of the new type of woodland garden, relying heavily on new plants from Asia. Other features included  a more formal "Italian Garden", Victorian scattered flower-beds, an orangery largely in glass, a rock garden, and an early example of a "Japanese garden" in England. All of these survive.
Eastwood, Strathclyde
55°48′25″N 4°17′42″W﻿ / ﻿55.807°N 4.295°W﻿ / 55.807; -4.295

Eastwood was a local government district in the Strathclyde region. It was derived from the civil parish of Eastwood which had been within the county of Renfrewshire, though latterly included areas which had become annexed Lanarkshire and the expanding city of Glasgow. Established in 1975, it covered the parts of the parish outside Glasgow, plus adjoining areas to the south; it was abolished in 1996 to become part of East Renfrewshire.

Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996)
The local government areas of Scotland were redefined by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and redefined again by the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994.

The 1973 Act created a system of nine two-tier regions and three islands areas, and this system completely replaced local government counties and burghs in 1975. The new regions were generally very different from the counties which had been in use since  the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Also, the districts were very different from the subdivisions of counties, also called districts, which had been in use since the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.
The Sail @ Marina Bay
The Sail @ Marina Bay is a waterfront lifestyle condominium located in the Marina Bay area in Singapore. It was completed in 2008. The first tenants moved into Central Park Tower in July 2008. Residents moved into Marina Bay Tower a few weeks later. The structure of The Sail is 245 m (804 ft) with 70 storeys and is one of Singapore's tallest condominia/apartment buildings. This development offers panoramic city view of Marina Bay and the sea. It is close to some of Singapore's famous landmarks such as Suntec City, Marina Bay Sands, Esplanade, Telok Ayer Market and the Singapore River. The Downtown MRT station is built a few meters to the West of the building. The building was erected on reclaimed land, and the Central Linear Park is built on the South Side next to the building.

Downtown MRT station
Downtown MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the Downtown Line (DTL). Located in Downtown Core, Singapore, underneath Central Boulevard, the station serves various commercial developments including the Marina Bay Financial Centre, Asia Square and SGX Centre. The station is operated by SBS Transit.

First announced as Landmark MRT station in 2005 as part of the Circle Line's Downtown extension, the station was constructed as part of DTL Stage 1. The station opened in 2013. Downtown station features an Art-in-Transit artwork Leaves by Jason Lim.
Lagoa, Portugal
Lagoa (European Portuguese pronunciation: [lɐˈɣoɐ] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the district of Faro, in the Portuguese region of Algarve. The population of the municipality in 2011 was 22,975, in an area of 88.25 km2. Its urban population, in the city of Lagoa proper, is 6,100 inhabitants. An important travel destination, its coast has won numerous accolades. Marinha Beach was considered by the Michelin Guide as one of the 10 most beautiful beaches in Europe and as one of the 100 most beautiful beaches in the world.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Nemesis (1992 film)
Nemesis is a 1992 American cyberpunk action film directed by Albert Pyun and starring Olivier Gruner, Tim Thomerson, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Yuji Okumoto, Marjorie Monaghan, Brion James and Deborah Shelton. Set in a near future world populated by androids, the film centers on Alex Rain (Gruner), a cybernetically-enhanced, ex-counterterrorism operative charged by his former employers with assassinating his former lover, the leader of an underground militant group. This is the first installment in the Nemesis film series, and was followed by four direct sequels and a spinoff film. After premiering in Japan, it was released in the United States by Imperial Entertainment in January 29, 1993.

Cyborg (film)
Cyborg is a 1989 American martial-arts cyberpunk film directed by Albert Pyun. Jean-Claude Van Damme stars as Gibson Rickenbacker, a mercenary who battles a group of murderous marauders led by Fender Tremolo (Vincent Klyn) along the East coast of the United States in a post-apocalyptic future. It was followed by the sequels Cyborg 2 (1993) and Cyborg 3: The Recycler (1994).
Chris Ellison (politician)
Christopher Martin Ellison (born 15 June 1954) is an Australian lawyer and former politician. He served as a Senator for Western Australia from 1993 to 2009, representing the Liberal Party. He held ministerial office in the Howard government as Minister for Customs and Consumer Affairs (1997), Schools, Vocational Education and Training (1997–1998), Special Minister of State (1998–2001), Justice and Customs (2001–2007), and Human Services (2007).

Minister for Government Services
The Minister for Government Services is the minister in the Government of Australia responsible for Services Australia. The current minister is Senator Katy Gallagher, who has held the position since 20 January 2025 following a cabinet reshuffle prompted by the retirement of the previous minister, Bill Shorten.

The portfolio was given its current title in machinery of government changes ordered by then-Prime Minister Scott Morrison following the 2019 federal election.