hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kibeho massacre
The Kibeho massacre  occurred in a camp for internally displaced persons near Kibeho, in south-west Rwanda on 22 April 1995. Australian soldiers serving as part of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda estimated at least 4,000 people in the camp were killed by soldiers of the military wing of the Rwandan Patriotic Front, known as the Rwandan Patriotic Army. The Rwandan Government estimated the death toll to be 338.

United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 872 on 5 October 1993. It  was intended to assist in the implementation of the Arusha Accords, signed on 4 August 1993, which was meant to end the Rwandan Civil War. The mission lasted from October 1993 to March 1996. Its activities were meant to aid the peace process between the Hutu-dominated Rwandese government and the Tutsi-dominated rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF).  The UNAMIR has received much attention for its role in failing, due to the limitations of its rules of engagement, to prevent the Rwandan genocide and outbreak of fighting.  Its mandate extended past the RPF overthrow of the government and into the Great Lakes refugee crisis.  The mission is thus regarded as a major failure.
ProGuard
ProGuard is an open source command-line tool which shrinks, optimizes and obfuscates Java code. It is able to optimize bytecode as well as detect and remove unused instructions. ProGuard is free software and is distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.

ProGuard was distributed as part of the Android SDK and ran when building the application in release mode.

Android software development
Android software development is the process by which applications are created for devices running the Android mobile operating system. Google states that "Android apps can be written using Kotlin, Java, and C++ languages" using the Android software development kit (SDK), while using other languages is also possible. All non-Java virtual machine (JVM) languages, such as Go, JavaScript, C, C++ or assembly, need the help of JVM language code, that may be supplied by tools, likely with restricted API support. Some programming languages and tools allow cross-platform app support (i.e. for both Android and iOS). Third party tools, development environments, and language support have also continued to evolve and expand since the initial SDK was released in 2008. The official Android app distribution mechanism to end users is Google Play; it also allows staged gradual app release, as well as distribution of pre-release app versions to testers.
General Teaching Council for England
The General Teaching Council for England (GTCE) was the professional body for teaching in England between 2000 and 2012. The GTC was established by the Teaching and Higher Education Act 1998 which set two aims: "to contribute to improving standards of teaching and the quality of learning, and to maintain and improve standards of professional conduct among teachers, in the interests of the public". The GTC was abolished in 2012 with some of its functions being assumed by the Teaching Agency, an executive agency of the Department for Education, which in 2013 became the National College for Teaching and Leadership.

Department for Education
The Department for Education (DfE) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for child protection, child services, education (compulsory, further, and higher education), apprenticeships, and wider skills in England.

A Department for Education previously existed between 1992, when the Department of Education and Science was renamed, and 1995, when it was merged with the Department for Employment to become the Department for Education and Employment.

The current holder of Secretary of State for Education is the Rt Hon Bridget Phillipson MP and Susan Acland-Hood is the permanent secretary.

The expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department of Education are scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.
2015–16 Hong Kong season play-off
2015–16 season play-off for the 2015–16 Hong Kong football season is the 4th season of the tournament.

The play-off semi-finals are played in one match each, contested by the teams who finished in 2nd place in the Premier League table, the winners of the Senior Challenge Shield, the champions of the FA Cup and the champions of the League Cup. The winners of the semi-finals go through to the final, with the winner of the final gaining participation for the 2017 AFC Champions League qualifying play-off.

As Eastern won the Senior Shield and Kitchee won the League Cup, as well as coming in 2nd place in the Premier League, teams therefore finishing in 3rd and 4th place in the Hong Kong Premier League entered.

2015–16 Hong Kong League Cup
The 2015–16 Hong Kong League Cup is the 13th edition of the Hong Kong League Cup. The Cup is contested by the 9 teams in the 2015–16 Hong Kong Premier League. Kitchee won their 5th title on 9 April 2016.
Han (musician)
Han Ji-sung (Korean: 한지성; born September 14, 2000), known mononymously as Han, is a South Korean rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is a member of the South Korean boy band Stray Kids and its production unit 3Racha under JYP Entertainment.

Han has been a full member of the Korea Music Copyright Association since February 2023, becoming the youngest K-pop idol to be awarded such membership. As of May 2025, he has registered 174 songwriting and production credits, including works for NiziU, Show Lo, Yao Chen, JO1, and Nexz, as well as collaborations with artists such as Lil Durk, Sky-Hi, Tiger JK, and Lisa.

JYP Entertainment
JYP Entertainment Corporation (Korean: JYP 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate founded in 1997 by J.Y. Park. Operating as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management company, concert production company and music publishing house, it is one of the largest entertainment companies in South Korea. The company also operates subsidiary ventures and divisions internationally.
Marsden Rock
Marsden Rock is a rock in Tyne and Wear, North East England, situated in Marsden, South Shields. It is overlooked by the Marsden Grotto. The rock is a 90 feet (27 m) sea stack of Magnesian Limestone which lies approximately 300 feet (91 m) off the main cliff face. It was formerly known for its naturally-formed arch. The arch collapsed in 1996 following a winter of storms creating two separate stacks. The smaller of the two was demolished in 1997 due to safety concerns. The remaining stack is reachable on foot during low tide but is completely surrounded by water at high tide. The cliffs surrounding Marsden Rock are an important breeding ground for seabirds and colonies can often be seen on top of the rock itself, including kittiwakes, herring gulls, and razorbills.

Marsden Grotto
The Marsden Grotto, locally known as The Grotto, is a gastropub located on the coast at Marsden in South Shields, Tyne & Wear, England.  It is partly dug into the cliff face and fronted with a more conventional building opening onto the beach. The pub is one of the very few "cave bars" in Europe, another being Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem in Nottingham.

The venue includes a large bar, the inside cave with another bar and pool room, a bistro, a heated terrace on the beach and a seafood restaurant upstairs. Access is either by lift from the car park or by a zigzag staircase on the cliff at the side of the building. The lift is housed in a brick shaft rising from the front of the building.
Kanotix
Kanotix, also referred to as KANOTIX, is an operating system based on Debian, with advanced hardware detection. It can run from an optical disc drive or other media i.e. USB-stick without using a hard disk drive.

Kanotix uses KDE Software Compilation as the default desktop environment. Since 2013 the newer releases ship with LXDE as a second lightweight desktop environment. Unlike other similar Linux-distributions Kanotix is a rolling release. Nightly builds are automated builds every night of the latest development code of KANOTIX and with the latest packages from the repositories. The name "Kanotix" is derived from the founder's nickname "Kano". Kanotix's mascot is a fangtooth.

Rolling release
Rolling release, also known as rolling update or continuous delivery, is a concept in software development of frequently delivering updates to applications. This is in contrast to a standard or point release development model which uses software versions which replace the previous version.

A rolling release model is different from a staged or "staggered" rollout, in which an update is gradually made available to an increasing percentage of users for testing or bandwidth reasons.

An example of a rolling release would be Arch Linux, where new packages and updates roll in constantly, and significant changes to the distribution may occur at any time by the developers. This is in contrast to Ubuntu Linux, which has biannual releases, with the only major changes after a release being security updates or significant bug fixes.
Lawrence Roeck
Lawrence Roeck is an American/Canadian film director, screenwriter and film producer who directed the films Diablo (2015) and The Forger (2011). Roeck won Best Feature at the San Diego International Film Festival in 2015.

San Diego International Film Festival
The San Diego International Film Festival is an independent film festival held in San Diego, California, produced by the nonprofit San Diego Film Foundation. The main event has traditionally been held annually in autumn at venues in the Gaslamp Quarter, La Jolla, and Balboa Park. In 2025, the festival re-centered in La Jolla.

The festival hosts celebrity awards banquets, panel discussions, retrospectives, parties, premieres, and contemporary independent narrative, documentary and short film screenings. Competitive juried categories vary year to year and have included foreign language, animated, Native American, military, social justice, equestrian, thrillers, and local films made in San Diego.

Special advanced screenings for VIP members and educational programs for San Diego area high schools are held year round in addition to an annual formal "Oscar watch party" in the winter.
Colin Alexander McVean
Colin Alexander McVean, FRGS (6 March 1838 – 18 January 1912) was a Scottish civil engineer who contributed to Japan's engineering development in 1870s. He left two brief autobiographies, diaries, photos, letters and a collection of Japanese antiques.

Richard Henry Brunton
Richard Henry Brunton FRGS MICE (26 December 1841 – 24 April 1901) was a British engineer known as the "Father of Japanese lighthouses". Brunton was born in Muchalls, Kincardineshire, Scotland.  He was employed by the government of Meiji period Japan as a foreign advisor (o-yatoi gaikokujin), primarily to build lighthouses.

Over a period of seven and a half years he designed and supervised the building of 26 Japanese lighthouses in the Western style, which became known as Brunton's "children". To operate the lighthouses he established a system of lighthouse keepers, based on the one used in Scotland. He also helped found Japan's first school of civil engineering. In 1871, he was received by Emperor Meiji in recognition of his efforts.
Mountain King Studios
Mountain King Studios (formerly known as Cygnus Studios) is a computer game company located in Chicago, Illinois. It was founded by game programmer/game designer Scott Host. In addition to the development of Raptor: Call of the Shadows, Cygnus also collaborated with Apogee Software on a number of their games. Some members of the company split to form Rogue Entertainment, while the company itself was renamed "Mountain King Studios".

Rogue Entertainment
Rogue Entertainment was an American computer game developer based in Dallas, Texas, which was active in the late 1990s. It was founded by Rich Fleider, Steve Maines, and Jim Molinets in 1994. Rogue Entertainment's office was in the same building as id Software, all of their games used game engines created by id Software, and two of their games were expansions for id Software's Quake series of games. The company's first game, Strife: Quest for the Sigil, was released as shareware on February 23, 1996, with the retail version later being released on May 31, 1996. Many former Rogue Entertainment employees moved to Nerve Software after Rogue Entertainment shut down.
2021 Sagme attack
On July 24, 2021, jihadists from Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP) attacked a Cameroonian outpost in Sagme, Cameroon, sparking a battle that killed eight Cameroonian soldiers and twenty jihadists.

Islamic State – West Africa Province
The Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP), officially Wilāyat Garb Ifrīqīyā (Arabic: ولاية غرب إفريقية), meaning 'Province of West Africa', is a militant group and administrative division of the Islamic State (IS), a Salafi jihadist militant group and unrecognised quasi-state. ISWAP is primarily active in the Chad Basin, and fights an extensive insurgency against the states of Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger. It is an offshoot of Boko Haram with which it has a violent rivalry. Until March 2022, ISWAP acted as an umbrella organization for all IS factions in West Africa including the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (IS-GS), although the actual ties between ISWAP and IS-GS were limited.
Gareth Ward
Gareth James Ward is an Australian former politician and convicted criminal. Ward resigned from parliament in 2025 following a conviction for sexual assault. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and represented the seat of Kiama on the South Coast from 2011 to 2025, serving as New South Wales Minister for Families, Communities and Disability Services in the second Berejiklian ministry from 2019 to 2021.

He was suspended from the New South Wales parliament in March 2022 until the end of his term in March 2023, after being charged with sexual intercourse without consent, and three counts of indecent assault. He was convicted of all four counts in July 2025. Ward resigned from parliament on 8 August 2025 shortly before a vote on his expulsion from parliament following the guilty verdict in his trial. This triggered a by-election in Kiama. He was sentenced to five years and nine months in prison.

Parliament of New South Wales
The Parliament of New South Wales, formally the Legislature of New South Wales, is the bicameral legislative body of the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW). It consists of the Monarch, the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (lower house) and the New South Wales Legislative Council (upper house). Each house is directly elected by the people of New South Wales at elections held approximately every four years. The legislative authority of the parliament derives from section 5 of the Constitution Act 1902 (NSW). The power to make laws that apply to New South Wales is shared with the Federal (or Commonwealth) Parliament. The houses of the New South Wales Parliament follow the Westminster parliamentary traditions, green and red chamber colours and protocols for the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council, respectively. The houses of the legislature are located in Parliament House on Macquarie Street in Sydney.
Kaushik Hossain Taposh
Kaushik Hossain Taposh (born 8 November 1983) is a Bangladeshi music composer, producer, and musician. He is also serving as the managing director and CEO of One More Zero Group & Gaan Bangla TV. He is the creator of the music television series Wind of Change. He is managing director and CEO of Gaan Bangla. At age 31, Taposh broke another record by becoming the youngest person to be given a Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Music Composer for a film song composition for the film Purno Doirgho Prem Kahini (2013). In 2018, he won the Mother Teresa International Award  on behalf of TM Productions for his 'Wind of Change- Music for Peace' campaign.

Gaan Bangla
Gaan Bangla (Bengali: গান বাংলা; lit. 'Song Bangla'), also known by the acronym GB, is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language music television channel owned by One More Zero Group, through Birds Eye Mass Media and Communication. Launched on 16 December 2013, it is Bangladesh's second music-oriented television channel. After Channel 16's closure, Gaan Bangla became the country's sole music channel. The channel is based in Baridhara, Dhaka.
2008 United States House of Representatives election in the District of Columbia
On November 4, 2008, the District of Columbia held an election for its non-voting House delegate representing the District of Columbia's at-large congressional district. The winner of the race was incumbent Eleanor Holmes Norton (D).

The delegate is elected for two-year terms. This election coincided with the 2008 U.S. presidential election.

Eleanor Holmes Norton
Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, 1937) is an American politician, lawyer, and human rights activist. Norton is a congressional delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives, where she has represented the District of Columbia since 1991 as a member of the Democratic Party. She is serving her eighteenth term in the United States House of Representatives.

Prior to serving in Congress, Norton organized for Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee during the civil rights movement. From 1977 to 1981, she was the first female chair of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Norton will not seek re-election to the House of Representatives in 2026.
9×19mm Parabellum
The 9×19mm Parabellum (also known as 9mm Parabellum, 9mm Luger, 9mm NATO or simply 9mm) is a rimless, centerfire, tapered firearms cartridge.

Originally designed by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger in 1901, it is widely considered the most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge due to its low cost, adequate stopping power and extensive availability.

Since the cartridge was designed for the Luger semi-automatic pistol, it has been given the designation of 9mm Luger by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI) and the Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives (CIP).

A 2007 US survey concluded that "about 60 percent of the firearms in use by police are 9mm [Parabellum]" and credited 9×19mm Parabellum pistol sales with making semiautomatic pistols more popular than revolvers.

Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute
The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI, pronounced "Sammy") is an association of American manufacturers of firearms, ammunition, and components.  SAAMI is an accredited standards developer that publishes several American National Standards that provide safety, reliability, and interchangeability standards for commercial manufacturers of firearms, ammunition, and components.  In addition, SAAMI publishes information on the safe and responsible transportation, storage, and use of those products.
Satan's Kingdom State Recreation Area
Satan's Kingdom State Recreation Area is a public recreation area occupying one acre (0.40 ha) of land beside the Farmington River in the town of New Hartford, Connecticut. The site is located on the north side of the Route 44 bridge over the Farmington River. It is used as a put-in for canoeing, kayaking, and tubing excursions on the river.

Tubing (recreation)
Tubing, also known as inner tubing, bumper tubing, towed tubing, biscuiting (in New Zealand), or kite tubing, is a recreational activity where an individual rides on top of an inner tube, either on water, snow, or through the air. The tubes themselves are also known as "donuts" or "biscuits" due to their shape.
Television News Inc.
Television News Inc. (TVN) was an American syndicated news service, providing daily feeds of newsfilm to subscribing television stations in the United States and Canada between 1973 and 1975. Majority-owned by the Coors Brewing Company of Golden, Colorado, TVN was among the first services of its kind to cater to the growing number of independent stations producing newscasts. However, it lost millions of dollars throughout its run, being unable to carry out a proposed shift to satellite distribution that would have made it a pioneer in the field, and it also came under fire for being positioned by owner and financial backer Joseph Coors as a conservative alternative to the three major networks (ABC, CBS, and NBC), whose news output he deemed "liberal". Coors's ownership of TVN and refusal to step down from the post was instrumental in the United States Senate's rejection of his nomination to the board of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) in 1975.

Big Three (American television)
From the 1950s to the 1980s, during the network era of American television, there were three commercial broadcast television networks – NBC (the National Broadcasting Company, "the Peacock Network"), CBS (the Columbia Broadcasting System, "the Eye Network"), ABC (the American Broadcasting Company, "the Alphabet Network") – that due to their longevity and ratings success are informally referred to as the "Big Three". The three networks' dominance was interrupted with the launch of Fox (the Fox Broadcasting Company, "the Searchlight Network") in 1986, leading it to join them as one of the expanded "Big Four", while the viewership shares of all the major broadcast networks declined over the following years.
Pennsylvania Route 427
Pennsylvania Route 427 (PA 427) is a 10.7-mile-long (17.2 km) state highway located in Venango and Crawford counties in Pennsylvania.  The southern terminus is at U.S. Route 322 (US 322) in Sugarcreek. The northern terminus is at PA 27 near Bradleytown.

Crawford County, Pennsylvania
Crawford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,938. Its county seat is Meadville. The county was created on March 12, 1800, from part of Allegheny County and named for Colonel William Crawford. The county is part of the Northwest region of the commonwealth.

Crawford County comprises the Meadville micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Erie-Meadville combined statistical area.
Downhole safety valve
A downhole safety valve refers to a component on an  oil and gas well, which acts as a failsafe to prevent the uncontrolled release of  reservoir fluids in the event of a worst-case-scenario surface disaster.  It is almost always installed as a vital component on the  completion.

Completion (oil and gas wells)
Well completion is the process of making a well ready for production (or injection) after drilling operations. This principally involves preparing the bottom of the hole to the required specifications, running in the production tubing and its associated down hole tools as well as perforating and stimulating as required. Sometimes, the process of running in and cementing the casing is also included. After a well has been drilled, should the drilling fluids be removed, the well would eventually close in upon itself. Casing ensures that this will not happen while also protecting the wellstream from outside incumbents, like water or sand.
Giana Riley
Giana Alexandria Riley (born April 13, 2004) is a professional soccer player who plays as a forward for Liga MX Femenil club América. She played college soccer for the Gonzaga Bulldogs and the Florida State Seminoles, winning the 2025 national championship with the Seminoles. She also played college basketball and ran track for the Bulldogs. She won bronze with the United States at the 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.

United States women's national under-20 soccer team
The United States U-20 women's national soccer team is a youth soccer team operated under the auspices of U.S. Soccer.  Its primary role is the development of players in preparation for the senior women's national team.  The team most recently appeared in the 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Colombia, where they placed third. The team competes in a variety of competitions, including the biennial FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, which is the top competition for this age group.