hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
De Gua's theorem
In mathematics, De Gua's theorem is a three-dimensional analog of the Pythagorean theorem named after Jean Paul de Gua de Malves. It states that if a tetrahedron has a right-angle corner (like the corner of a cube), then the square of the area of the face opposite the right-angle corner is the sum of the squares of the areas of the other three faces:
De Gua's theorem can be applied for proving a special case of Heron's formula.

Heron's formula
In geometry, Heron's formula (or Hero's formula) gives the area of a triangle in terms of the three side lengths ⁠⁠ ⁠⁠ ⁠⁠ Letting ⁠⁠ be the semiperimeter of the triangle, ⁠⁠, the area ⁠⁠ is

It is named after first-century engineer Heron of Alexandria (or Hero) who proved it in his work Metrica, though it was probably known centuries earlier.
Field of Dreams
Field of Dreams is a 1989 American sports fantasy drama film written and directed by Phil Alden Robinson, and based on Canadian novelist W. P. Kinsella's 1982 novel Shoeless Joe. The film stars Kevin Costner as a farmer who builds a baseball field in his cornfield that attracts the ghosts of baseball legends, including Shoeless Joe Jackson (Ray Liotta) and the Chicago Black Sox. Amy Madigan, James Earl Jones, and Burt Lancaster (in his final film role before his death in 1994) also star.

The film was released on April 21, 1989 by Universal Pictures in the United States, with Carolco Pictures releasing in other territories. It received positive reviews from critics while grossing $84.5 million against a $15 million budget, and was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Original Score, and Best Adapted Screenplay. In 2017, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.

Chisholm, Minnesota
Chisholm is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States.  The population was 4,775 at the 2020 census. The city has been called "The Heart of the Iron Range" due to its location in the middle of the Mesabi Iron Range.
Theory of planned behavior
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a psychological theory that links beliefs to behavior. The theory maintains that three core components, namely, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, together shape an individual's behavioral intentions. In turn, a tenet of TPB is that behavioral intention is the most proximal determinant of human social behavior.

The theory was elaborated by Icek Ajzen for the purpose of improving the predictive power of the theory of reasoned action (TRA). Ajzen's idea was to include perceived behavioral control in TPB. Perceived behavior control was not a component of TRA. TPB has been applied to studies of the relations among beliefs, attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behaviors in various human domains. These domains include, but are not limited to, advertising, public relations, advertising campaigns, healthcare, sport management consumer/household finance, and sustainability.

Icek Ajzen
Icek Ajzen (born 1942, Chełm, Poland) is a social psychologist and professor emeritus at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He received his doctorate from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, and is best known for his work, with Martin Fishbein, on the theory of planned behavior. Ajzen has been ranked the most influential individual scientist within social psychology in terms of cumulative research impact and, in 2013, received the Distinguished Scientist Award from the Society of Experimental Social Psychology. His research has been influential across diverse fields such as advertising, health psychology, and environmental psychology, and has been cited over 280,000 times.

For 2024 he was awarded the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category "Social Sciences".
Duke University School of Medicine
The Duke University School of Medicine, commonly known as Duke Med, is the medical school of Duke University. It was established in 1925 by James B. Duke.

The School of Medicine, along with the Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University Hospital, Duke Regional Hospital, Duke Children's Hospital, Duke Raleigh Hospital, and other affiliated hospitals, clinics, and laboratories, make up the Duke University Health System.

Clinical rotations by medical students and residents occur within the Duke University Health System, a fully integrated academic health care system encompassing a tertiary-care hospital and specialty clinics on the Medical Center campus, two community hospitals, a VA hospital, home health and hospice services, a network of primary care physicians, and other affiliated partners across the SE United States.

Robert Califf
Robert McKinnon Califf (born 1951) is an American cardiologist who served as the 25th commissioner of food and drugs from 2016 to 2017 and again from 2022 to 2025.

He was first nominated to be commissioner in September 2015 by President Barack Obama and he was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in February 2016, serving until January 20, 2017.

President Joe Biden renominated Califf to head the Food and Drug Administration on November 12, 2021. He was confirmed by the Senate on February 15, 2022.

Prior to becoming commissioner he had served as the deputy commissioner of the United States Food and Drug Administration's Office of Medical Products and Tobacco since January 2015. In 2019, he became head of medical strategy at Google's parent company, Alphabet Inc.
Tun Koris of Pahang
Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Koris ibni Almarhum Dato' Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Abdul Majid (died 11 March 1806) was the 23rd Bendahara of the Johor Sultanate and the third Raja Bendahara of the Pahang Kingdom who reigned from 1803 to 1806.

Bendahara
A bendahara (Jawi: بندهار‎) was an important administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier prior to the European colonisation of Southeast Asia during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post with candidates selected from the male descendants of the bendahara. The bendahara and the sultan often shared the same lineage, and the former could at times be more powerful than the sultan.
Miodowa Street (painting)
Miodowa Street (Polish - Ulica Miodowa) is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian artist Bernardo Bellotto, from 1777. He was then court painter to Stanisław August Poniatowski, king of Poland. It is held in the Royal Castle, in Warsaw.

Bernardo Bellotto
Bernardo Bellotto  (c. 1721/1722 or 30 January 1721 – 17 November 1780), was an Italian urban landscape painter or vedutista, and printmaker in etching famous for his vedute of European cities – Dresden, Vienna, Turin, and Warsaw. He was the student and nephew of the renowned Giovanni Antonio Canal, known as Canaletto, and sometimes used the latter's illustrious name, signing himself as Bernardo Canaletto. In Germany and Poland, Bellotto called himself by his uncle's name, Canaletto. This caused some confusion, however Bellotto's work is more sombre in color than Canaletto's and his depiction of clouds and shadows brings him closer to Dutch painting.

Bellotto's style was characterized by elaborate representation of architectural and natural vistas, and by the specific quality of each place's lighting. It is plausible that Bellotto, and other Venetian masters of vedute, may have used the camera obscura in order to achieve superior precision of urban views.
Clifford parallel
In elliptic geometry, two lines are Clifford parallel or paratactic lines if the perpendicular distance between them is constant from point to point. The concept was first studied by William Kingdon Clifford in elliptic space and appears only in spaces of at least three dimensions. Since parallel lines have the property of equidistance, the term "parallel" was appropriated from Euclidean geometry, although the "lines" of elliptic geometry are geodesic curves and, unlike the lines of Euclidean geometry, are of finite length.

The algebra of quaternions provides a descriptive geometry of elliptic space in which Clifford parallelism is made explicit.
Clifford bundle is a topological construction based on Clifford parallel pointed out by Heinz Hopf (1931)

Parallel (geometry)
In geometry, parallel lines are coplanar infinite straight lines that do not intersect at any point. Parallel planes are infinite flat planes in the same three-dimensional space that never meet. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, a line and a plane that do not share a point are also said to be parallel. However, two noncoplanar lines are called skew lines. Line segments and Euclidean vectors are parallel if they have the same direction or opposite direction (not necessarily the same length).

Parallel lines are the subject of Euclid's parallel postulate. Parallelism is primarily a property of affine geometries and Euclidean geometry is a special instance of this type of geometry.
In some other geometries, such as hyperbolic geometry, lines can have analogous properties that are referred to as parallelism.
The concept can also be generalized to non-straight parallel curves and non-flat parallel surfaces, which keep a fixed minimum distance and do not touch each other or intersect.
Maniów, Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Maniów [ˈmaɲuf] is a hamlet in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

Gmina Komańcza
Gmina Komańcza is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, on the Slovak border. Its seat is the village of Komańcza, which lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of Sanok and 76 km (47 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 455.18 square kilometres (175.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,116. Ethnically the region's inhabitants include Poles, Pogorzans and Lemkos.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Cisna-Wetlina Landscape Park.
Jean Thibaudin
Jean Thibaudin (November 1822 – 1905) was a French general and politician of the French Third Republic. He was educated at the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr in Brittany. He was involved in the colonization of Madagascar.

He was minister of war (January–October 1883) in the government of Jules Ferry.

Jules Ferry
Jules François Camille Ferry (French: [ʒyl fɛʁi]; 5 April 1832 – 17 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher. He was one of the leaders of the Moderate Republicans and served as Prime Minister of France from 1880 to 1881 and 1883 to 1885. He was a promoter of laicism and colonial expansion. Under the Third Republic, Ferry made primary education free and compulsory through several new laws. However, he was forced to resign following the Sino-French War in 1885 due to his unpopularity and public opinion against the war.
Gegi
Gegi (fl. c. 2300 BC) was an Ancient Egyptian high official who lived at the end of the Old Kingdom in the 6th Dynasty, although it is not possible to provide an exact date. Gegi is known from his false door and six statues. They were found at Saqqara and entered the Egyptian Museum in 1884 where they are still housed. They must come from his tomb. The exact findspot of his burial is unknown. On his monuments, Gegi bears different titles, the most important being overlord of the Thinite nome (Ta-wer). He was therefore nomarch of the province. Gegi was also overseer of priests of Onuris. The latter god was the main deity at Thinis.

Ta-wer
Ta-wer (the great land) was the 8th Upper Egyptian ancient nome. Its capital was Thinis, and another important town was Abydos. The exact borders of the nome are not known for sure, but the southern border might have been near Abu Tesht (ancient Pi-djodj). The Northern border was most likely North of Hagarsa where there are Old Kingdom tombs connected with the 8th nome.

Important cemeteries of the nome were found at Naga ed-Deir.

Several nomarchs (provincial governors) are known by name, including Gegi and Khubau.
Winter Wonderland
"Winter Wonderland" is a song written in 1934 by Felix Bernard and lyricist Richard Bernhard Smith. Due to its seasonal theme, it is commonly regarded as a Christmas song in the Northern Hemisphere. Since its original recording by Richard Himber, it has been covered by over 200 different artists. Its lyrics are about a couple's romance during winter.

A later version of "Winter Wonderland" (which was printed in 1947) included a "new children's lyric" that transformed it "from a romantic winter interlude to a seasonal song about playing in the snow". The snowman mentioned in the song's bridge was changed from Parson Brown to a circus clown, and the promises the couple made in the final verse were replaced with lyrics about frolicking. Singers such as Johnny Mathis connected both versions, adding a verse and chorus.

Chloe Bailey
Chloe Elizabeth Bailey (/ˈkloʊi/ KLO-ee; born July 1, 1998), also known mononymously as Chlöe, is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. She rose to prominence alongside her sister Halle Bailey as Chloe x Halle. The duo released two studio albums, with their second, Ungodly Hour (2020), being met with widespread acclaim upon release. In 2021, Bailey released her debut solo single "Have Mercy", which was certified platinum in the U.S. Her debut album, In Pieces, was released in 2023. Her second studio album, Trouble in Paradise, was released in 2024.

Bailey also starred in several television series and films, including Grown-ish (2018–2022) and Swarm (2023). She won an NAACP Image Award for her lead role in Praise This.
Young's Motorsports
Young's Motorsports is an American professional stock car racing team that competes in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series. They field the No. 02 Chevrolet Camaro SS full-time for Ryan Ellis and the No. 42 for multiple drivers. They previously competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and ARCA Menards Series.

Tate Fogleman
Tate Fogleman (born March 8, 2000) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 30 Toyota Tundra for On Point Motorsports and the No. 26 Chevrolet Silverado for Rackley WAR.
Sainte-Osmane
Sainte-Osmane (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t ɔsman]) is a former commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Val-d'Étangson. The 17th-century French Benedictine Ambroise Janvier (1613–1682) was born in the village.

The commune is named after Saint Osmanna, who hermitage was said to be there, afterwards the site of a church.

Val-d'Étangson
Val-d'Étangson (French pronunciation: [val detɑ̃sɔ̃]) is a commune in the Sarthe department in the Pays de la Loire region in north-western France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Évaillé (the seat) and Sainte-Osmane.
White Oak Township, Harrison County, Missouri
White Oak Township is a township in Harrison County, Missouri, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 461.

White Oak Township was erected in September 1860. White Oak Township takes its name from White Oak Creek.

Harrison County, Missouri
Harrison County is a county located in the northwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,157. Its county seat is Bethany. The county was organized February 14, 1845, and named for U.S. Representative Albert G. Harrison of Missouri.
Matthew Higgs
Matthew Higgs (born 1964) is an English artist, curator, writer and publisher. His contribution to UK contemporary art has included the creation of Imprint 93, a series of artists’ editions  featuring the work of artists such as Martin Creed and Jeremy Deller. During the 1990s he promoted artists outside the Young British Artists mainstream of the period.

EASTinternational
EASTinternational, often shortened to EAST, was an annual open-submission exhibition selected by invited guests – artists, critics, museum directors and gallerists – that occurred in Norwich University College of the Arts between July and August from 1991 to 2009. Organised by Lynda Morris, devised with artist-educator Manuel Chetcuti, it formed a central part of the Norwich Gallery programme where Morris was curator from 1980–2007. EAST took place in the nineteenth-century art school studios and hallways in the summer months after the degree shows ended, in the Norwich Gallery space, and, occasionally, in off-site public locations around the city of Norwich.

Known initially as EAST National Open Art Exhibition, when it began in 1991 the name alluded to the art school’s regional geographical position in the east of England and, as Morris later recalled, the end of the bipolar western order augured by the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 – the opening up of the east.
PrestaShop
PrestaShop is a freemium, open source e-commerce platform. The software is published under the Open Software License (OSL). It is written in the PHP programming language with support for the MySQL database management system. It has a software dependency on the Symfony PHP framework.

PrestaShop is currently used by 300,000 shops worldwide and is available in 60 different languages.

Open Software License
The Open Software License (OSL) is a software license created by Lawrence Rosen. The Open Source Initiative (OSI) has certified it as an open-source license, but the Debian project judged version 1.1 to be incompatible with the DFSG. The OSL is a copyleft license, with a termination clause triggered by filing a lawsuit alleging patent infringement.

Many people in the free software and open-source community feel that software patents are harmful to software, and are particularly harmful to open-source software. The OSL attempts to counteract that by creating a pool of software which a user can use if that user does not harm it by attacking it with a patent lawsuit.
St Mary's Star of the Sea Church, Leith
St Mary Star of the Sea (Leith) Church is a Roman Catholic parish church in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is situated on Constitution Street in the Leith district and staffed by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate.

The church was designed in 1854 by the architects E.W. Pugin and Joseph Hansom in the Gothic style. It is a Category B listed building. The Church has over 20 stained glass windows, and one of the side altars is dedicated to Mary Star of the Sea, the patron saint of Leith since the 12th Century.

Leith
Leith (/liːθ/; Scottish Gaelic: Lìte) is a suburb to the north of Edinburgh, Scotland, lying at the mouth of the Water of Leith. It is home to the Port of Leith.

The earliest surviving historical references are in the royal charter authorising the construction of Holyrood Abbey in 1128 in which it is termed Inverlet (Inverleith). After centuries of control by Edinburgh, Leith was made a separate burgh in 1833 only to be merged into Edinburgh in 1920.

Leith is located on the southern coast of the Firth of Forth and lies within the City of Edinburgh council area; since 2007 it has formed one of 17 multi-member wards of the city.
Stark Reality
The Stark Reality was an American jazz-rock band which recorded the two-disc 1970 album The Stark Reality Discovers Hoagy Carmichael's Music Shop, a heavily improvised reinvention of a 1958 children's album by songwriter Hoagy Carmichael to be used for the show Hoagy Carmichael's Music Shop which aired on PBS.

Now-Again Records
Now-Again Records is a Los Angeles–based music imprint that specializes in reissues and compilations of funk, soul, and psychedelic rock from the 1960s to the 1980s. Founded in 2002 by Eothen "Egon" Alapatt as a subsidiary of Stones Throw Records, the organization has since grown into an independent label with a vast global catalog and its own roster of contemporary artists.
Klüver–Bucy syndrome
Klüver–Bucy syndrome is a syndrome resulting from lesions of the medial temporal lobe, particularly Brodmann area 38, causing compulsive eating, hypersexuality, a compulsive need to insert inappropriate objects in the mouth (hyperorality), visual agnosia, and docility. Klüver–Bucy syndrome is more commonly found in rhesus monkeys, where the condition was first documented, than in humans. The underlying pathology of the syndrome is still controversial, with the Muller theory and a theory by Norman Geschwind offering different explanations for the condition. Treatment for Klüver–Bucy syndrome is usually with mood stabilizers, anti-psychotics, and anti-depressants.

Temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.

The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association.: 21 
Temporal refers to the head's temples.
Navarro Gray
Navarro Gray (born September 30, 1979) is an American lawyer best known for his accomplishments in the entertainment industry - specifically in representing Fetty Wap in obtaining his recording deal with Lyor Cohen's 300 Entertainment and more recently his recording deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing. He appeared on the reality television show Love & Hip Hop as the attorney for Latin Music star Anais.

Gray is also a litigator and criminal defense attorney.  He was appointed the city's public defender becoming the first African-American to hold this position in Hackensack, New Jersey.

Love & Hip Hop: New York season 8
The eighth season of the reality television series Love & Hip Hop: New York aired on VH1 from October 30, 2017 until March 12, 2018. The season was primarily filmed in New York City, New York. It is executively produced by Mona Scott-Young and Stephanie R. Gayle for Monami Entertainment, Toby Barraud, Stefan Springman, Mala Chapple, David DiGangi, Lauren Veteri and Michael Carrozza for Eastern TV, and Nina L. Diaz, Liz Fine and Vivian Gomez for VH1.

The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the New York area, involved in hip hop music. It consists of 18 episodes, including a two-part reunion special hosted by Nina Parker.
Straight from the Hart
Straight from the Hart is a 2011 autobiography by Canadian professional wrestler Bruce Hart. The book chronicles Hart's childhood in Calgary as a member of the Albertan Hart wrestling family, his career in the wrestling industry to his later life as a trainer. It was published by ECW Press. The book is one of a long line of books by or about members of Hart's family.

Bruce Hart (wrestler)
Bruce Edward Hart (born January 13, 1950) is an American-born Canadian retired professional wrestler, promoter, booker, trainer and school teacher. He is a second-generation wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family, being the second child of Stu and Helen Hart. He is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE, often with his brothers Bret and Owen.

As a wrestler Hart carried a number of championships, including the Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship and participated in WWF's Survivor Series.
Kid Galahad (1937 film)
Kid Galahad is a 1937 American sports drama film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Edward G. Robinson, Bette Davis, Humphrey Bogart and, in the title role, rising newcomer Wayne Morris. A boxing film, it was scripted by Seton I. Miller and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was remade in 1941, this time in a circus setting, as The Wagons Roll at Night, also with Bogart, and in 1962 as an Elvis Presley musical. The original version was re-titled The Battling Bellhop for television distribution in order to avoid confusion with the Presley remake.

Seton I. Miller
Seton Ingersoll Miller (May 3, 1902 – March 29, 1974) was an American screenwriter and producer. During his career, he worked with film directors such as Howard Hawks and Michael Curtiz. Miller received two Oscar nominations and won once for Best Screenplay for the 1941 fantasy romantic comedy film, Here Comes Mr. Jordan, along with Sidney Buchman.