hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ludovic Magnin
Ludovic Magnin (French pronunciation: [maɲɛ̃]; born 20 April 1979) is a Swiss football manager and a former player. He played as a left-back for the Switzerland national team, Yverdon Sport, FC Lugano, Werder Bremen, VfB Stuttgart, and FC Zürich.

As a manager he won the Swiss Cup with Zurich in 2018 and following that had spells in charge of Rheindorf Altach and Lausanne-Sport.

FC Lausanne-Sport
Football Club Lausanne-Sport is a Swiss football club based in Lausanne in the canton of Vaud. Founded in 1896, Lausanne Sport compete in the top-tier Swiss Super League after being promoted in the 2022–23 Swiss Challenge League Season.

They play their home games at the 12,544-capacity Stade de la Tuilière.  Previously Lausanne Sport had played at the Stade Olympique de la Pontaise, a 15,850 all-seater stadium used for the 1954 FIFA World Cup. They played in Swiss First Division between 1906-1931, 1932–2002, 2011–2014, 2016–2018, 2020–2022 and 2023–present. The team has won seven league titles and the Swiss Cup nine times.
Coal mines and saltworks of Saulnot
The coal mines and saltworks of Saulnot are coal and rock salt mines located in the Keuperian basin in the Haute-Saône department, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. They were operated in the territories of the communes of Saulnot and Corcelles from 1589 to 1921 for coal, and from the 12th century to 1826 for salt (a total of seven centuries). Using locally mined coal to evaporate brine in furnaces designed by Heinrich Schickhardt allowed the company to reduce salt production costs.

At the beginning of the 21st century, there is no trace left of the saltworks, but a square in honor of Heinrich Schickhardt and the salt industry has been laid out in the center of the village of Saulnot. Slag heaps and mine shafts remain in Corcelles.

Spoil tip
A spoil tip (also called a boney pile, culm bank, gob pile, waste tip or bing) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – waste material removed during mining.  Spoil tips are not formed of slag, but in some areas, such as England and Wales, they are referred to as slag heaps and sometimes as pit heaps.  In Scotland the word bing is used. In North American English the term is mine dump or mine waste dump.

The term "spoil" is also used to refer to material removed when digging a foundation, tunnel, or other large excavation. Such material may be ordinary soil and rocks (after separation of coal from waste), or may be heavily contaminated with chemical waste, determining how it may be disposed of. Clean spoil may be used for land reclamation.

Spoil is distinct from tailings, which is the processed material that remains after the valuable components have been extracted from ore.
Almuth Beck
Almuth Beck (born 4 October 1940) is a German educator and politician (SED/PDS).

After reunification she became the first member of a German parliament (Landtag) to be deprived of her parliamentary mandate on account of activities as an Informal collaborator for the Ministry for State Security (Stasi) in what was, at that time, East Germany. This, and successful legal challenges touching on her case, attracted attention across the nation.

Unofficial collaborator
An unofficial collaborator or IM (German: [iˈʔɛm] ⓘ; both from German: inoffizieller Mitarbeiter), or euphemistically informal collaborator (informeller Mitarbeiter), was an informant in the East Germany who delivered private information to the Ministry for State Security. At the end of the East German government, there was a network of around 189,000 informants, working at every level of society.
MyMusic
MyMusic is an American web transmedia mockumentary sitcom created by the Fine Brothers that premiered on April 15, 2012, on the MyMusicShow YouTube channel. The series follows a group of co-workers that are employed under a music production company. MyMusic is the first transmedia sitcom on YouTube. The series was part of YouTube's Original Channel Initiative.

MyMusic episodes were uploaded weekly to the MyMusicShow YouTube channel, with several other shows being uploaded to the channel including The Mosh, a Q&A series with the cast; MyMusic News, a news show focused on current events in the music industry MyMusic LIVE, a live-streamed variety show; MyMusic Presents, a show where MyMusic cast members interview musicians and other artists; Gaming With Metal, a let's play series; Tumblr Tuesday, a subsequent news show replacing MyMusic News; and Sitcommentary, directors commentary from the cast and creators of the show.

Let's Play
A Let's Play (LP)  is a video (or screenshots accompanied by text) documenting the playthrough of a video game, often including commentary and (in some cases) a camera view of the gamer's face. A Let's Play differs from a video game walkthrough or strategy guide by focusing on an individual's subjective experience with the game, often with humorous, irreverent, or critical commentary from the player, rather than being an objective source of information on how to progress through the game. While Let's Plays and live streaming of game playthroughs are related, Let's Plays tend to be curated experiences that include editing and narration, and can be scripted, while streaming is often an unedited experience performed on the fly.
Concept horse paradox
The concept "horse" paradox (also known as the concept horse problem or Frege's concept horse paradox; German: der Begriff Pferd) is a problem in the philosophy of language and philosophy of logic arising from Gottlob Frege's distinction between concept and object. It is named after Frege's remark in his 1892 essay "Über Begriff und Gegenstand" ("Concept and Object") that "the concept horse is not a concept".

Frege holds that predicates express concepts, whereas singular terms (including definite descriptions) stand for objects. The expression "the concept horse" is a grammatically singular term, so by Frege's own criterion it denotes an object rather than a concept, despite apparently purporting to pick out the concept of being a horse. The resulting tension has been seen as a challenge to Frege's sharp separation of concepts from objects and has prompted extensive discussion of predication, higher-order reference and type theory.

Type theory
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system. Type theory is the academic study of type systems.

Some type theories serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation of mathematics. Two influential type theories that have been proposed as foundations are:

Typed λ-calculus of Alonzo Church

Intuitionistic type theory of Per Martin-Löf

Most computerized proof-writing systems use a type theory for their foundation. A common one is Thierry Coquand's calculus of inductive constructions.
Fiddler Records
Fiddler Records was a small independent record label serving as the launch pad for several artists seminal to the pop, punk and emo genres.  Starting as the brainchild of 16-year-old entrepreneur Amy Fleisher Madden in 1996, the label became well known for its early releases from marquee artists Dashboard Confessional and New Found Glory.  Over the course of 10 years, Fiddler Records developed a steady roster of successful artists such as The Bled, The Higher, Recover, Juliette & The Licks, Name Taken and Classic Case.

Currently, the Fiddler Records catalog is managed by Animal Manufacturing Co. Animal Manufacturing has released vinyl for both Recover and Name Taken and has helped keep the spirit of Fiddler alive.

Juliette and the Licks
Juliette and the Licks were an American rock band led by actress and singer Juliette Lewis. Other band members have included guitarists Todd Morse, Craig Fairbaugh, Emilio Cueto, bassist Jason Womack and drummer Ed Davis. Their popular songs include "You're Speaking My Language" and "Hot Kiss". The band broke up in 2009. They reunited for a Los Angeles show in 2015, followed by extensive touring in 2016. In June 2016, Juliette Lewis announced a solo tour leaving the future of The Licks undetermined.
In May 2018 members of the band tweeted that they were in the studio working on new music as Juliette And The Licks.
Duke of Palmela
The Duchy of Palmela was established by decree of Queen Maria II of Portugal, through Dom Pedro IV acting as Regent of the Kingdom, on 13 June 1833 (initially granted for life, then conferred as a hereditary title on 18 October 1850) in favour of Dom Pedro de Sousa Holstein, a diplomat and hero of the Liberal Wars, who had previously held, successively, the titles of first Count (by decree of Queen Maria I dated 11 April 1812) and Marquess of Palmela (by decree of King João VI dated 3 July 1823).

Prior to becoming Duke of Palmela, Dom Pedro de Sousa Holstein had been granted the title of Duke of Faial (4 April 1833).

Hereditary title
Hereditary titles, in a general sense, are nobility titles, positions or styles that are hereditary and thus tend or are bound to remain in particular families.

Though both monarchs and nobles usually inherit their titles, the mechanisms often differ, even in the same country. The British crown has been inheritable by women since the medieval era (in the absence of brothers), while the vast majority of hereditary noble titles granted by British sovereigns are not inheritable by daughters.
Marah al-Baqqar
Marah al-Baqqar (مراح البقار) is a Palestinian village in the Dura district of the Hebron Governorate, south of the West Bank. It is located west of the city of Hebron, at an elevation of 750 meters above sea level.

Hebron Governorate
The Hebron Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الخليل, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Khalīl) is an administrative district of Palestine in the southern West Bank.

The governorate's land area is 1,060 square kilometres (410 sq mi) and its population according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in mid-year 2019 was 1,004,510. This makes the Hebron Governorate the largest of 16 governorates in both population and land area in the Palestinian territories. The city of Hebron is the district capital or muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The current Governor of Hebron is Khaled Dudin.

During the first six months of the First Intifada 42 people in Hebron Governorate were killed by the Israeli army.
Archaeological Museum of Populonia
The Archaeological Museum of Populonia, opened in 2001 in the town of Piombino, Italy, contains artifacts from what was the ancient territory of Populonia (Val di Cornia) during a period ranging from prehistory to late antiquity. The museum contains an active center of experimental archaeology with a focus on the processing of ceramics and stone.

Piombino
Piombino is an Italian town and comune of about 35,000 inhabitants in the province of Livorno, southern Tuscany. It lies on the border between the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea, in front of Elba Island and at the northern side of Maremma.
Parma, Idaho
Parma is a city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 2,096 at the 2020 census, up from 1,983 in 2010. It is the fourth largest city in the county (behind Middleton, Caldwell, and Nampa all in the county’s eastern portion) and the largest in the rural western portion. It is part of the Boise City–Nampa, Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The city was named after Parma, Italy.

Nampa, Idaho
Nampa (/ˈnæmpə/ ⓘ) is the most populous city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 100,200 at the 2020 census. It is Idaho's third-most populous city. Nampa is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boise along Interstate 84, and 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Meridian. It is the second principal city of the Boise metropolitan area. The name "Nampa" may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning 'moccasin' or 'footprint'. According to toponymist William O. Bright, the name comes from the Shoshoni word /nampai/, meaning "foot". The city has a prominent student population, home to the College of Western Idaho and Northwest Nazarene University.
1894 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1894 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894.

Incumbent Democratic Governor George Wilbur Peck was soundly defeated by Republican nominee William H. Upham. This election ushered in a four decade period of Republican dominance in Wisconsin politics as the nation as a whole transitioned to the Fourth Party System after the Panic of 1893 and the ensuing collapse of the Democratic Party's national coalition.

Governor of Wisconsin
The governor of Wisconsin is the head of government of Wisconsin and the commander-in-chief of the state's army and air forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Wisconsin Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

The 46th and current governor is Tony Evers, a Democrat in his second term. He took office on January 7, 2019. He will not seek re-election in the 2026 election.

The position was first filled by Nelson Dewey on June 7, 1848, the year Wisconsin became a state. Prior to statehood, there were four governors of Wisconsin Territory.
Sex Hysteria
Sex Hysteria is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Jessie Murph. It was released through Columbia Records on July 18, 2025, as the follow-up to her 2024 debut album That Ain't No Man That's the Devil. The standard edition of the album features guest appearances from American rappers Gucci Mane and Lil Baby, while American singer 6lack is featured on the deluxe version of the album.

Sex Hysteria debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200, becoming Murph's highest-charting album to date. The album spawned three singles: "Gucci Mane", "Blue Strips", which became Murph's highest-charting single on the US Billboard Hot 100, and  "Touch Me Like a Gangster". The promotional singles "Heroin" and "Bad as the Rest" were also released.

On November 14, the deluxe edition of the album was released, featuring eight new tracks, including the single "I'm Not There for You".

That Ain't No Man That's the Devil
That Ain't No Man That's the Devil is the debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Jessie Murph. It was released on September 6, 2024, via Columbia Records. It follows her 2023 mixtape Drowning, and includes the singles "Wild Ones", a collaboration with Jelly Roll, "Dirty", a collaboration with Teddy Swims, and "High Road", a collaboration with Koe Wetzel that was released in promotion of his album 9 Lives.
Tin Telout ambush
On May 11, 2015, a Malian convoy was ambushed by Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) fighters in Tin Telout, Tombouctou Region, Mali. The ambush was the last conflict between the Malian government and CMA before the signing of the Algiers Accords.

Coordination of Azawad Movements
The Coordination of Azawad Movements (French: Coordination des mouvements de l'Azawad (CMA); Tamasheq: ⵜⴰⵙⵈ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴰⴾⵔⵢⵓⵏ ⵜⵢⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵓⴰⴷ; Arabic: تنسيقية الحركات الأزوادية) is a large coalition of Tuareg independentist and Arab nationalist groups that formed in Mali during the Northern Mali conflict in 2014.
Vincent L. Pecoraro
Vincent L. Pecoraro, professor at the University of Michigan, is a researcher in  bioinorganic chemistry and inorganic chemistry. He is a specialist in the chemistry and biochemistry of   manganese, vanadium, and metallacrown chemistry. He is a fellow of the  American Association for the Advancement of Science

Metallacrown
In chemistry, metallacrowns are a macrocyclic compounds that consist of metal ions and solely or predominantly heteroatoms in the ring. Classically, metallacrowns contain an [M–N–O] repeat unit in the macrocycle. First discovered by Vincent L. Pecoraro and Myoung Soo Lah in 1989, metallacrowns are best described as inorganic analogues of crown ethers.  To date, over 600 reports of metallacrown research have been published. Metallacrowns with sizes ranging from 12-MC-4 to 60-MC-20 have been synthesized.
Optare Visionaire
The Optare Visionaire (introduced in 2006 as the East Lancs Visionaire, and branded the Darwen Visionaire between 2007 and 2008) is an open top double-decker bus body built by Optare. It is in terms of engineering an open top Olympus (itself a double-decker variant of the Esteem) in all but name. The Optare Visionaire was also built for tri-axle double-decker bus chassis.

Open top bus
An open top bus is a bus, usually but not exclusively a double-decker bus, which has been built or modified to operate without a roof. Early buses were constructed without roofs but in more recent times they have only been built for tourist and sightseeing services. Some are made by removing all or part of the roof from a more conventional bus.
Peter Dickinson
Peter Malcolm de Brissac Dickinson OBE FRSL (16 December 1927 – 16 December 2015) was an English author and poet, best known for children's books and detective stories.

Dickinson won the annual Carnegie Medal from the Library Association for both Tulku (1979) and City of Gold (1980), each being recognised as the year's outstanding children's book by a British subject. Through 2020 he is one of eight writers to win two Carnegies; no one has won three.
He was also a highly commended runner-up
for Eva (1988) and four times a commended runner-up.

For his contributions as a children's writer Dickinson was a finalist for the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2000.

Hans Christian Andersen Award
The Hans Christian Andersen Awards are two literary awards given by the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY), recognising one living author and one living illustrator for their "lasting contribution to children's literature". The writing award was first given in 1956, the illustration award in 1966. The former is sometimes called the "Nobel Prize for children's literature".

The awards are named after Hans Christian Andersen, a 19th-century Danish author of fairy tales, and each winner receives the Hans Christian Andersen Medaille (a gold medal with the bust of Andersen) and a diploma. Medals are presented at the biennial IBBY Congress.
Cosmin Olăroiu
Cosmin Aurelian Olăroiu (born 10 June 1969) is a Romanian football manager and former player, who is currently the head coach of United Arab Emirates national team.

As a manager, he guided Steaua București to the Divizia A title and Romanian Supercup both in 2006, and led his side to the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup in the same year.

He is considered one of the greatest managers in the Arabian Peninsula, having led the most decorated clubs of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and United Arab Emirates – Al Hilal, Al Sadd, Al Ain and Al Ahli – to new trophies. In 2020, he guided Jiangsu Suning to their first-ever title in China.

In May 2025, he led Sharjah FC to their first continental title, winning the AFC Champions League Two.

Sharjah FC
Sharjah Football Club (Arabic: نادي الشارقة لكرة القدم) is an Emirati professional football club based in Sharjah that competes in the UAE Pro League. Their home stadium is the Sharjah Stadium.

Founded in 1966, Sharjah is considered one of the pioneers of UAE football since its inception. Achieving success through the years has made Sharjah one of the most prestigious clubs in the country. Sharjah FC is also the most successful team in the Emirate of Sharjah, winning 6 Pro League titles, 10 Presidents Cups, 1 League Cup, 3 Super Cups, and 1 AFC Champions League Two title. The club was also the first official UAE league champion since its establishment in 1974.
Don't Toy with Me, Miss Nagatoro
Don't Toy with Me, Miss Nagatoro (Japanese: イジらないで、長瀞さん, Hepburn: Ijiranaide, Nagatoro-san) is a Japanese web manga series written and illustrated by Nanashi, also known as 774, about a high-schooler and art club member who is frequently annoyed by his junior Nagatoro, unaware of her real feelings for him. The web manga ran in Magazine Pocket, an online and app-based web manga magazine published by Kodansha, from November 2017 to July 2024. An anime television series adaptation produced by Telecom Animation Film aired from April to June 2021. A second season produced by OLM aired from January to March 2023.

OLM (studio)
OLM, Inc. (formerly Oriental Light and Magic) is a Japanese animation and film studio headquartered in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan, founded on October 3, 1990, by former Studio Gallop and OB Planning employees. They are best known for producing children's anime series such as Pokémon, Yo-kai Watch, and Beyblade Burst. They have also produced many series for older audiences, such as Berserk, Odd Taxi, and The Apothecary Diaries.
Wyoming Highway 370
Wyoming Highway 370 (WYO 370) is a 4.63-mile-long (7.45 km) unmarked state highway that runs east of Rock Springs, Wyoming from exit 111 of Interstate 80 (I-80) and U.S. Route 30 (US 30) to the Rock Springs - Sweetwater County Airport.

U.S. Route 30 in Wyoming
U.S. Highway 30 (US 30) is part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Astoria, Oregon, to Atlantic City, New Jersey. Within the U.S. state of Wyoming, it runs 454 miles (731 km) from Cokeville to Pine Bluffs by way of Kemmerer, Rock Springs, Laramie, and Cheyenne. The route runs mostly along the historic Lincoln Highway. It parallels Interstate 80 (I-80) throughout the state, and the two highways intersect and share three concurrencies.
James Wilson Seaton
James Wilson Seaton (May 28, 1824 – February 11, 1904) was an American lawyer, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served in the Wisconsin State Senate and Assembly, representing Grant County.

Grant County, Wisconsin
Grant County is the most southwestern county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 51,938. Its county seat is Lancaster and its largest city is Platteville. The county is named after the Grant River, in turn named after a fur trader who lived in the area when Wisconsin was a territory. Grant County comprises the Platteville Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the tri-state area of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa, and is crossed by travelers commuting to Madison, Wisconsin, from a number of eastern Iowan cities, and by residents of northern Illinois traveling to the Twin Cities or La Crosse, Wisconsin.
Secondary glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma is a collection of progressive optic nerve disorders associated with a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) which results in the loss of vision. In clinical settings, it is defined as the occurrence of IOP above 21 mmHg requiring the prescription of IOP-managing drugs. It can be broadly divided into two subtypes: secondary open-angle glaucoma and secondary angle-closure glaucoma, depending on the closure of the angle between the cornea and the iris. Principal causes of secondary glaucoma include optic nerve trauma or damage, eye disease, surgery, neovascularization, tumours and use of steroid and sulfa drugs. Risk factors for secondary glaucoma include uveitis, cataract surgery and also intraocular tumours. Common treatments are designed according to the type (open-angle or angle-closure) and the underlying causative condition, in addition to the consequent rise in IOP. These include drug therapy, the use of miotics, surgery or laser therapy.

Intraocular pressure
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye. Tonometry is the method eye care professionals use to determine this. IOP is an important aspect in the evaluation of patients at risk of glaucoma. Most tonometers are calibrated to measure pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Conor Cusack
Conor Cusack (born 16 January 1979) is an Irish sportsperson. He played hurling with the Cork senior inter-county team in 2006. Known nationally in Ireland for his mental health advocacy, Cusack continues to play hurling with his local Cloyne club.

Cloyne GAA
Cloyne GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Cloyne, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the East Cork Board and is primarily concerned with the game of hurling, but also fields teams in Gaelic football.