hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lev Razgon
Lev Emmanuilovich Razgon (Russian: Лев Эммануи́лович Разго́н; 1 April 1908 – 8 September 1999) was a Soviet Russian journalist, writer, a prisoner of the Gulag from 1938 to 1942 and again from 1950 to 1955 and, latterly, a human rights activist.

Razgon was born in Belorussia to the family of Mendel Abramovich Razgon and Glika Izrailevna Shapiro. In the 1920s they moved to Moscow and in 1932, he graduated from the history faculty of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute.

His career before his arrest in 1938 was in great measure due to his marrying into the new Soviet elite and, in particular, two men: his wife Oksana's father Gleb Boky, a high-ranking NKVD officer, and her step-father Ivan Moskvin, a leading figure in the Central Committee.

Later in life, Razgon fell into the category of Gulag detainees who rejoined the Communist Party after their release. He did not resign from the Party until 1988.

Gleb Bokii
Gleb Ivanovich Bokii (Ukrainian: Гліб Іванович Бокій, Russian: Глеб Иванович Бокий; 21 June 1879 – 15 November 1937) was a Soviet Communist political activist, revolutionary, and paranormal investigator  in the Russian Empire. Following the October Revolution of 1917, Bokii became a leading member of the Cheka, the first Soviet secret police, and later of the OGPU and NKVD.

From 1921 through 1934, Bokii (alternative transliteration, Boky) headed the "special department" of the Soviet secret police apparatus. He remained a top level functionary in the secret police apparatus until his sudden arrest in May 1937 as part of the Great Terror. Following an extended investigation, Bokii was given a summary trial and executed in November of that same year. In 1956, Bokii was posthumously rehabilitated by Soviet authorities.
Northwestern Turnpike
The Northwestern Turnpike is a historic road in West Virginia (Virginia at the time the road was created), important for being historically one of the major roads crossing the Appalachians, financed by the Virginia Board of Public Works in the 1830s. In modern times, west of Winchester, Virginia, U.S. Route 50 follows the path of the Northwestern Turnpike into West Virginia, whose major Corridor D project follows the western section of the original Northwestern Turnpike.

Winchester, Virginia
Winchester is the northernmost independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. As of 2020 United States census, the city's population was 28,120. It is the principal city of the Winchester metropolitan area with a population of just over 145,000 extending into West Virginia, which is a part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.
Guard squeeze
A guard squeeze is a type of squeeze in contract bridge where a player is squeezed out of a card which prevents his partner from being finessed. The squeeze operates in three suits, where the squeezed player  protects the menaces in two suits, but cannot help his partner anymore in the third suit after the squeeze is executed.

Squeeze play (bridge)
A squeeze play (or squeeze) is a technique used in contract bridge and other trick-taking games in which the play of a card (the squeeze card) forces an opponent to discard a winner or the guard of a potential winner. The situation typically occurs in the end game, with only a few cards remaining. Although numerous types of squeezes have been analyzed and catalogued in contract bridge, they were first discovered and described in whist.

Most squeezes operate on the principle that declarer's and dummy's hands can, between them, hold more cards with the potential to take extra tricks than a single defender's hand can protect or guard. Infrequently, due to the difficulty of coordinating their holdings, two defenders can cooperate to squeeze declarer or dummy on the same principle.
Complexometric titration
Complexometric titration (sometimes chelatometry) is a form of volumetric analysis in which the formation of a colored complex is used to indicate the end point of a titration.  Complexometric titrations are particularly useful for the determination of a mixture of different metal ions in solution.  An indicator capable of producing an unambiguous color change is usually used to detect  the end-point of the titration. Complexometric titrations are those reactions where a simple ion is transformed into a complex ion and the equivalence point is determined by using metal indicators or electrometrically.

Titration
Titration (also known as titrimetry and volumetric analysis) is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte (a substance to be analyzed). A reagent, termed the titrant or titrator, is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration and volume. The titrant reacts with a solution of analyte (which may also be termed the titrand) to determine the analyte's concentration. The volume of titrant that reacted with the analyte is termed the titration volume.
Astacidae
Astacidae is a family of freshwater crayfish native to Europe, western Asia and western North America. The family is made up of four extant (living) genera: The genera Astacus (which includes the European crayfish), Pontastacus (which includes the Turkish crayfish), and Austropotamobius are all found throughout Europe and parts of western Asia, while Pacifastacus (which includes the signal crayfish) is native to western United States and British Columbia, but has also been introduced elsewhere.

Pontastacus leptodactylus
Pontastacus leptodactylus, the Danube crayfish, Galician crayfish, Turkish crayfish or narrow-clawed crayfish, is a relatively large and economically important species of crayfish. It is native to fresh and brackish waters in Eastern Europe and Western Asia, mainly in the Pontic–Caspian region. It can also be found in areas including the basins of the Black Sea, and the Danube, Dnieper, Don, and Volga rivers, as well as aquatic systems in Turkey. It has spread widely beyond its native range, beginning in the 1700s when it spread via canals constructed in western Russia and since the 1900s through introductions to many regions for human consumption. Today it is widespread throughout much of Europe.
Everyone Loves You... Once You Leave Them
Everyone Loves You... Once You Leave Them is the seventh studio album by Australian post-hardcore band the Amity Affliction. It was released on 21 February 2020 through Pure Noise Records and was produced by Matt Squire. It is the band's first album release with the label. It is also the first album to feature new drummer Joe Longobardi as an official band member, who replaced Ryan Burt due to his mental health reasons on 5 February 2018. Additionally, Longobardi also performed as a session drummer on the band's sixth studio album Misery.

Misery (album)
Misery is the sixth studio album by Australian post-hardcore band the Amity Affliction. The album was released on 24 August 2018. It is the first album without drummer Ryan Burt, following his departure in February 2018. It is the first album to feature Joe Longobardi on drums. However, during recording and the release of this album, he was only a session drummer. He was not made official until the end of 2018. It is also the first album to feature Joel Birch performing clean vocals on some tracks on the album along with the album being a departure from the band's usual straight metalcore sound and instead included some electronic elements on top of the metalcore sound. It is the band's final album for Roadrunner and UNFD.
Franghias Kavertzas
Frantzeskos or Franghias Kavertzas (Greek: Φραντζέσκος Καβερτζάς; 1590/1600–1648) was a Greek painter. His painting style resembles the late Cretan school or early Greek Baroque period. His work was influenced by Georgios Klontzas, Michael Damaskinos and Emmanuel Tzanfournaris. He was active in Crete during the early part of the 17th century, roughly after the death of Georgios Klontzas. He painted two icons that are very similar to Klontzas's most notable pieces. Theodore Poulakis also painted similar themes. Kavertzas' artwork incorporates the Venetian school. His works also influenced Leos Moskos. His most notable works are the Last Judgement, In You Rejoiceth.

Michael Damaskinos
Michael Damaskenos or Michail Damaskenos (also Damaskinos) (Greek: Μιχαήλ Δαμασκηνός, 1530/35–1592/93) was a leading post-Byzantine Cretan painter. He is a major representative of the Cretan School of painting that flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries.  Painters Georgios Klontzas and Damaskenos were major contributors to the Cretan School during the same period.  Damaskinos traveled all over the Venetian Empire painting.  He remained loyal to his Greek roots stylistically but incorporated some Italian elements in his work.  He was strongly influenced by the Venetian school.  He painted parts of the Cathedral of San Giorgio dei Greci.  Damaskenos has 100 known works.  He influenced the works of Theodore Poulakis.
Libvirt
libvirt is an open-source API, daemon and management tool for managing platform virtualization. It can be used to manage KVM, Xen, VMware ESXi, QEMU and other virtualization technologies. These APIs are widely used in the orchestration layer of hypervisors in the development of a cloud-based solution.

QEMU
The Quick Emulator (QEMU) is a free and open-source emulator that uses dynamic binary translation to emulate a computer's processor; that is, it translates the emulated binary codes to an equivalent binary format which is executed by the machine. It provides a variety of hardware and device models for the virtual machine, enabling it to run different guest operating systems. QEMU can be used with a Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) to emulate hardware at near-native speeds. Additionally, it supports user-level processes, allowing applications compiled for one processor architecture to run on another.

QEMU supports the emulation of x86, ARM, PowerPC, RISC-V, and other architectures.
Ingleby, Derbyshire
Ingleby is a hamlet and civil parish in the South Derbyshire district, in Derbyshire, England, situated to the south of the River Trent on a rise between Stanton by Bridge and Repton. In 2001 the parish had a population of 85.

It is the location of Anchor Church, a small series of caves in the sandstone which were the homes of anchorites.  The word Ingleby means 'Village of the English'. Nearby places include Stanton by Bridge, Ticknall and the Foremark Reservoir.

Ingleby hosts the Ingleby Art Gallery, and the privately owned John Thompson public house.

Ticknall
Ticknall is a small village and civil parish in South Derbyshire, England. The population of the civil parish (including Calke) at the 2011 Census was 642. Situated on the A514 road, close to Melbourne, it has three pubs, several small businesses, and a primary school. Two hundred years ago it was considerably larger and noisier with lime quarries, tramways and potteries. Coal was also dug close to the village. Close to the village is Calke Abbey, now a National Trust property.
Biaugmented truncated cube
In geometry, the biaugmented truncated cube is one of the Johnson solids (J67).  As its name suggests, it is created by attaching two square cupolas (J4) onto two parallel octagonal faces of a truncated cube.

A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that are composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.

Johnson solid
In geometry, a Johnson solid, sometimes also known as a Johnson–Zalgaller solid, is a convex polyhedron whose faces are regular polygons. They are sometimes defined to exclude the uniform polyhedra. There are 92  solids with such a property: the first solids are the pyramids, cupolas, and a rotunda; some of the solids may be constructed by attaching with those previous solids, whereas others may not.
Inderpal Singh Walia
Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia, AVSM, VM is a serving air officer of the Indian Air Force. He is currently serving as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Air Command. He previously served as the Senior Air Staff Officer, Eastern Air Command.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Pocwock River
The Pocwock Stream is a tributary of the Saint John River (Bay of Fundy), flowing in:

Quebec (Canada) in the administrative region of Bas-Saint-Laurent, in Kamouraska Regional County Municipality, in municipality of Mount Carmel. Note: In Quebec, the river is designated "Pocwock stream";

Maine (United States) in the Aroostook County, in townships T17 R14 Wels, T17 R13 Wels and T16 R12 Wels.

Its course runs, especially in Maine, entirely in forested region in an isolated mountain valley, to the southeast of the Canada–US border. Its course is located between the Fox Creek (east side) and the Chimenticook River (west side).
The watershed of the Pocwock river is accessible by some forest roads.

Pocwock Stream empties on north shore of Saint John River (Bay of Fundy). The latter serpentines eastward, then south-east, crossing all the province of New Brunswick, and empties on the north shore of the Bay of Fundy, which is open to the south-west to the Atlantic Ocean.

Chimenticook River
47°02′44″N 69°19′49″W﻿ / ﻿47.045559°N 69.330305°W﻿ / 47.045559; -69.330305

The river Chimenticook is a tributary of the Saint John River (Bay of Fundy), flowing in the canton T13 R13 Wels, in the Aroostook County, in North of Maine, in United States.

Its course is in forest area in a valley enclosed by high mountains, in the southeast of the US border. Its course is situated between the river Powock (northeast side) and "Twomile Brook" (West side).

The river side of the river is accessible by Chimenticook some forest roads.
Mara Hobel
Mara Hobel (born 1971 or 1972) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of young Christina Crawford in the film Mommie Dearest, for which she received two Razzie nominations for Worst Supporting Actress and Worst New Star. She also portrayed the crazed tap-dancing daughter Gay in the legendary Broadway bomb, Moose Murders, which opened and closed on the same night in 1983.

Christina Crawford
Christina Crawford (born June 11, 1939) is an American former author and actress, best known for her 1978 memoir and exposé, Mommie Dearest, which described the alleged abuse she was  subjected to by her adoptive mother, film star Joan Crawford.
Pelle group
The Pelle group (Norwegian: Pelle-gruppen) was a Norwegian resistance group that conducted acts of sabotage against the German occupation of Norway in Østlandet during the autumn of 1944.

Aftenposten called the group's 23 November 1944 ship sabotage "the largest Norwegian sabotage attack during World War Two", which included the blowing up of 6 ships and one crane at two ship yards. The attack possibly significantly decreased the number of soldiers from the retreating Lapland Army who were made available at the Battle of the Ardennes, according to Lars Borgersrud.

16 operations have been attributed to the group. 7 of its members were executed in 1945.

The leader was Ragnar "Pelle" Sollie, the only one in the group who was a member of Communist Party of Norway.

A 2015 Klassekampen article said that the group—alongside the Osvald Group—were "not  «communist» but they were led by" the communists Ragnar Sollie and [in the case of the Osvald Group,] Asbjørn «Osvald» Sunde".

Norwegian resistance movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: Motstandsbevegelsen) to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms:

Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's military administration

The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture

The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government

Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation

Civil disobedience and unarmed resistance
Robert "Big Mojo" Elem
Robert "Big Mojo" Elem (January 22, 1928 – February 5, 1997) was an American Chicago blues bass guitarist and singer. Although he recorded only one studio album in his long career, Elem was a part of the Chicago blues scene for over 40 years. He variously backed Arthur "Big Boy" Spires, Lester Davenport, Freddie King, Magic Sam, Junior Wells, Shakey Jake Harris, Jimmy Dawkins, Luther Allison, and Otis Rush.

He was noted as a "born entertainer whose joking and acting on stage appealed to club audiences". Elem's energetic on-stage persona underpinned his lengthy performing career.

Jimmy Dawkins
James Henry “Jimmy” Dawkins (October 24, 1936 – April 10, 2013)  was an American Chicago blues and electric blues guitarist and singer. He is generally considered to have been a practitioner of the "West Side sound" of Chicago blues.
Ian L. Boyd
Sir Ian Lamont Boyd, FRSE, FRSB, FRS (born 9 February 1957) is a Scottish zoologist, environmental and polar scientist, former Chief Scientific Adviser at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and is a professor of biology at the University of St Andrews. He has been Chair of the UK Research Integrity Office and is President of the Royal Society of Biology.

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is a ministerial department of the government of the United Kingdom. The department is responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England. Concordats set out agreed frameworks for cooperation, between it and the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, which have devolved responsibilities for these matters in their respective nations.

Defra also leads for the United Kingdom on agricultural, fisheries and environmental matters in international negotiations on sustainable development and climate change, although a new Department of Energy and Climate Change was created on 3 October 2008 to take over the last responsibility; later transferred to the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy following Theresa May's appointment as Prime Minister in July 2016.
Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament – Group D
Group D of the men's football tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics was played from 22 to 28 July 2021 in Rifu's Miyagi Stadium, Saitama's Saitama Stadium and Yokohama's International Stadium Yokohama. The group consisted of defending gold medalists Brazil, Germany, Ivory Coast and Saudi Arabia. The top two teams, Brazil and Ivory Coast, advanced to the knockout stage.

Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament – Knockout stage
The knockout stage of the men's football tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics was played from 31 July to 7 August 2021. The top two teams from each group in the group stage qualified for the knockout stage.

All times listed are Japan Standard Time (UTC+9).
Kinaidokolpitai
The Kinaidokolpitai were a people inhabiting the Hejaz in western Arabia in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, according to Greek and Latin authors. They are known from a small number of independent sources. Their capital was Zambram, but none of the named settlements in their territory can be identified with certainty. Their name is possibly related to that of Kinda, Kinana, Kalb, Kilab or some combination of two of these tribes. For a time they were raiders and pirates preying on the incense trade until defeated by the Kingdom of Aksum, which imposed tribute on them.

Incense trade route
The incense trade route was an ancient network of major land and sea trading routes linking the Mediterranean world with eastern and southern sources of incense, spices and other luxury goods, stretching from Mediterranean ports across the Levant and Egypt through Northeast Africa and Arabia —through both the sea and the land along the Red Sea— to India and beyond. These routes collectively served as channels for the trading of goods such as Arabian frankincense and myrrh; Indian spices, precious stones, pearls, ebony, silk and fine textiles; and from the Horn of Africa, rare woods, feathers, animal skins, Somali frankincense, gold, and slaves. The incense land trade from South Arabia to the Mediterranean flourished between roughly the 3rd century BC and the 2nd century AD.
Megali Sterna
Megali Sterna (Greek: Μεγάλη Στέρνα, old name: Greek: Τσιγούντσα Cugunci / Tsigountsa) is a village in the Kilkis region of Greece. It is situated in the municipal unit of Cherso, in the Kilkis municipality, within the Kilkis region of Central Macedonia.

Cherso
Cherso (Greek: Χέρσο, old name: Greek: Χέρσοβο Bulgarian: Хърсово Hersovo / Hirsova) is a village in the Kilkis region of Greece. It is situated in the municipal unit of Cherso, in the Kilkis municipality, within the Kilkis region of Central Macedonia.

In 19th century the village was populated by Orthodox Christian Slavs, which were called Bulgarians by Bulgarian ethnogrtapher Vasil Kanchov.

Since the 2011 local government reform (Kallikratis Plan), it has been part of the municipality Kilkis, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 157.907 km2. Population 2,078 (2021). In the municipal unit of Cherso lies the historical village of Kalindria.

In the area of Tumba Hrisafi, 1200 m northwest of the village, an ancient settlement was discovered, declared in 1996 a protected monument.
Amrit Velā
Amrit Velā (Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਵੇਲਾ, pronunciation: [əmɾɪt̪ᵊ ʋeːläː], lit. 'never ending time') does not refer to a specific time. According to the pahar system of time, most Sikhs typically interpret this time to start at around 3:00 a.m. Guru Nanak in the Japji Sahib (4th Pauri) says, "in amrit velā meditate on the grandeur of the one true Name". The importance of Amrit Vela is found throughout the Guru Granth Sahib. The Guru Granth Sahib states that "those who consider themselves a Sikh must wake up daily at Amrit vela and be in tune with the Naam (the Lord's Name)"

In the SGPC Sikh Rehat Maryada it is written to arise in the Amrit Velā, bathe, and meditate on the divine Naam (through Simran and Naam Japna). Here, Amrit Vela is defined as "three hours before the dawn". Sikhs recite their morning Nitnem during Amrit vela. Traditionally after Nitnem Sikhs meet with the Sangat (congregation) to recite Asa ki Var.

Naam Japo
In Sikhism, Nām Japō 
(Punjabi: ਨਾਮ ਜਪੋ, pronunciation: [näːm d͡ʒəpo]), also known as Naam Japna or Naam Simran, is the remembrance of God or the Akal Purkh, the supreme formless power that is timeless and immortal, through the  meditation or contemplation of the various Names of God (or qualities of God), especially the chanting of the word "Waheguru" ('Wonderful Lord') representing the formless being, the creator of all the forms, and the being omnipresent in all forms.

Less commonly, it is the vocal singing of hymns from the Guru Granth Sahib; Singing of hymns with musical accompaniment is generally referred to as kirtan. While contemplating God's names a devotee is able to get nām, the divine connection with God. Through nām, the devotees are able to harness Godly qualities and remove the five thieves.