hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
María Ramírez de Medrano
María Ramírez de Medrano (b. La Rioja, 12th century) was a wealthy noblewoman from the illustrious Medrano family, high nobility in the Kingdom of Castile, originally from the Kingdom of Navarre. She was the Lady (suo jure) of Fuenmayor, and founder of the hospital, convent and commandery of San Juan de Acre in Navarrete, La Rioja in 1185 for the Order of Saint John; and to provide assistance and protection to pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago. María Ramírez de Medrano was the wife of Fortún de Baztán, lord of Baztán, descendant of the early Navarrese kings. María's son Martín de Baztán y Medrano was the bishop of Osma in Soria.

Commandery
In the Middle Ages, a commandery (rarely commandry) was the smallest administrative division of the European landed properties of a military order. It was also the name of the house where the knights of the commandery lived. The word is also applied to the emoluments granted to a commander. They were the equivalent for those orders to a monastic grange. The knight in charge of a commandery was a commander.
Brenda Taylor (hurdler)
Brenda Taylor (born February 9, 1979) is an American track and field athlete who specialises in the 400 meter hurdles. She reached the final of the event at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She also competed at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics and won a medal at the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships in the 4×400-meter relay.

Taylor is a Harvard University medical graduate and won the hurdles at the 2001 NCAA Championships representing the Harvard Crimson track team.

4 × 400 metres relay
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap, totaling 1600 meters. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. The first leg and the first bend of the second leg are run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay, on an Imperial distance, was a formerly run British Commonwealth and American event, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.
South African type XP1 tender
The South African type XP1 tender was a steam locomotive tender.

The Type XP1 tender first entered service in 1913 as a Type MP1, as tender to a Class MC1 Mallet locomotive. One of the Type MP1 tenders was later modified to suit a Class 10 locomotive and reclassified to Type XP1. It was subsequently attached to a Class 4AR locomotive.

South African Class 4A 4-8-2
The South African Railways Class 4A 4-8-2 of 1913 was a steam locomotive.

In 1913 and 1914, ten Class 4A steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement were placed in service by the South African Railways.
Cognitivism (ethics)
Cognitivism is the meta-ethical view that ethical sentences express propositions and can therefore be true or false (they are truth-apt), which noncognitivists deny. Cognitivism is so broad a thesis that it encompasses (among other views) moral realism (which claims that ethical sentences express propositions about mind-independent facts of the world), ethical subjectivism (which claims that ethical sentences express propositions about peoples' attitudes or opinions), and error theory (which claims that ethical sentences express propositions, but that they are all false, whatever their nature).

Truth value
In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth, which in classical logic has only two possible values (true or false). Truth values are used in computing as well as various types of logic.
Atriplex sturtii
Atriplex sturtii, commonly known as saltbush, is an endangered species within the widespread genus Atriplex. A. sturtii is a native Australian shrub and grows in the Channel Country bioregion, also referred to as 'Corner Country'.

Atriplex
Atriplex (/ˈætrɪplɛks/) is a plant genus of about 250 species, known by the common names of saltbush and orache (/ˈɒrɪtʃ, -ətʃ/; also spelled orach). It belongs to the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae s.l.. 
The genus is quite variable and widely distributed. It includes many desert and seashore plants and halophytes, as well as plants of moist environments. 
The generic name originated in Latin and was applied by Pliny the Elder to the edible oraches. The name saltbush derives from the fact that the plants retain salt in their leaves; they are able to grow in areas affected by soil salination.
Inter-domain routing
Inter-domain routing is data flow control and interaction between Primary Domain Controller (PDC) computers. This type of computer uses various computer protocols and services to operate. It is most commonly used to multicast between internet domains.

Domain controller (Windows)
On Microsoft Servers, a domain controller (DC) is a server computer that responds to security authentication requests (logging in, etc.) within a Windows domain. A domain is a concept introduced in Windows NT whereby a user may be granted access to a number of computer resources with the use of a single username and password combination.
Virabhadrasana
Virabhadrasana (Sanskrit: वीरभद्रासन; IAST: vīrabhadrāsana) or Warrior Pose is a group of related lunging standing asanas in modern yoga as exercise commemorating the exploits of a mythical warrior, Virabhadra. The name of the pose derives from the Hindu myth, but the pose is not recorded in the hatha yoga tradition until the 20th century. Virabhadrasana has some similarity with poses in the gymnastics of Niels Bukh the early 20th century; it has been suggested that it was adopted into yoga from the tradition of physical culture in India at that time, which was influenced by European gymnastics.

Virabhadrasana has been described as one of the most iconic poses in yoga.

Niels Bukh
Niels Ebbesen Mortensen Bukh (15 June 1880 – 7 July 1950) was a Danish gymnast and educator who founded the first athletic folk high school in Ollerup in Funen, Denmark.  He achieved international fame as a gymnastics trainer for the Danish team at the Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912. He was inspired by the rhythmic female gymnastics of the Finnish gymnastics educator Elli Björkstén(1870–1947) and the medical gymnastics of Kaare Theilmann.
Premanand Lotlikar
Premanand Anand Lotlikar (born 14 July 1954) is an Indian insurance agent, businessman, former actor, theatre director, and playwright known for his work in Marathi nataks and tiatr (theatre) productions.

Tiatr
Tiatr (English: Theatre; Portuguese: Teatro) is a type of musical theatre that is popular in the state of Goa on the west coast of India, as well as in Mumbai and among the Goan expatriate communities in the Middle East, United Kingdom, and other cities with a significant presence of Konkani speakers. The plays are primarily performed in the Romi Konkani dialects and incorporate elements such as music, dance, and singing. Individuals who perform in tiatr are referred to as tiatrists.
David O'Leary
David Anthony O'Leary (born 2 May 1958) is a football manager and former player. The majority of his 20-year playing career was spent as a central defender at Arsenal, where his tally of 722 appearances stands as a club record. He played 68 times for the Republic of Ireland from 1976 to 1993, and was part of the squad that reached the quarter-finals of the 1990 FIFA World Cup.

O'Leary retired as a player after two years at Leeds United, and began managing the club in 1998. He built a team of young talents, and reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League in 2000–01 before being dismissed the following year. He also managed Aston Villa for three Premier League seasons and had one year in charge of Al Ahli Dubai.

Shabab Al Ahli Club
Shabab Al-Ahli Club (Arabic: نادي شباب الأهلي, romanized: nādī šabāb al-ʿahlī, lit. 'National Youth Club') is an Emirati professional football club based in Dubai, that currently plays in the UAE Pro League. It is one of the most successful clubs in the UAE.

Al-Ahli FC has won 9 league titles, 11 UAE President Cup titles, 5 ADIB cup titles, 7 UAE super Cup titles, 1 combined league. 1 Emirati-Moroccan Super Cup,1 Qatar–UAE Super Shield, 1 Qatar–UAE Challenge Shield, for a total of 36 titles, making them the second most successful team in the UAE and the most successful team in Dubai. In the latest ranking by the IFFHS, Shabab Al Ahli was ranked the 7th best club in Asia and 110th in the world.

In 2017, the Dubai CSC and Al Shabab merged within Al Ahli, at which point the club renamed itself to Shabab Al Ahli.
Laura Jean McKay
Laura Jean McKay (born 1978) is an Australian author and creative writing lecturer. In 2021, she won the Victorian Prize for Literature and the Arthur C. Clarke Award for her novel The Animals in That Country. In 2025, she was the Frank O'Connor International Fellow.

Victorian Premier's Literary Awards
The Victorian Premier's Literary Awards were created by the Victorian Government with the aim of raising the profile of contemporary creative writing and Australia's publishing industry. As of 2013, it is reportedly Australia's richest literary prize with the top winner receiving A$125,000 and category winners A$25,000 each.

The awards were established in 1985 by John Cain, Premier of Victoria, to mark the centenary of the births of Vance and Nettie Palmer, two of Australia's best-known writers and critics who made significant contributions to Victorian and Australian literary culture.

From 1986 till 1997, the awards were presented as part of the Melbourne Writers Festival. In 1997 their administration was transferred to the State Library of Victoria. By 2004, the total prize money was A$180,000. In 2011, stewardship was taken over by the Wheeler Centre.
Pahang State Executive Council
The Pahang State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Government of Pahang, Malaysia. The Council is composed of the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Sultan on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Pahang State Legislative Assembly, a number of members made up of members of the Assembly, the State Secretary, the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer.

This Council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia, while being smaller in size. As federal and state responsibilities differ, there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments.

Members of the Council are selected by the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Sultan. The Council has no ministry, but instead a number of committees; each committee will take care of certain state affairs, activities and departments. Members of the Council are always the chair of a committee.

Sultan of Pahang
Sultan of Pahang (Malay: Sultan Pahang, Jawi: سلطان ڤهڠ) is the title of the hereditary constitutional head of Pahang, Malaysia. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state. Historically, the title was also used by rulers of the Pahang Sultanate.
Take a Break! Pinball
Take a Break! Pinball is a 1993 pinball computer game collection by Dynamix/Sierra On-Line. It contained several individual boards based on various Dynamix or Sierra series such as King's Quest, Space Quest,  The Adventures of Willy Beamish, Leisure Suit Larry, and Nova 9: The Return of Gir Draxon. It is the second game in the Take a Break! series of casual Windows games. It was designed for Windows 3.x.

King's Quest V
King's Quest V: Absence Makes the Heart Go Yonder! (also known simply as King's Quest V) is a 1990 graphic adventure game by Sierra On-Line. Originally released in November 1990, it featured a significant improvement in graphics (achieved through the introduction of VGA into the series). It was also the first King's Quest installment to replace the typing user interface with a point-and-click user interface. The title is a spoof on the proverb "Absence makes the heart grow fonder".

King's Quest V sold over half million copies and won several awards. It was later released as a fully voiced "talkie" CD-ROM, done by members of the Sierra staff. By summer a Sega CD port of the game was announced, but was never released.
Eliška Balzerová
Eliška Balzerová (born 25 May 1949, Vsetín) is a Czech actress. She has appeared in more than thirty films since 1971. She became widely known for the role of physician Alžběta Čeňková in the television series Hospital at the End of the City and Hospital at the End of the City After Twenty Years. She also appeared in films such as Fists in the Dark and Run, Waiter, Run!. In 2010, she received the Czech Lion Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Czech Lion Awards
The Czech Lion Awards (Czech: Český lev) are annual awards that recognize accomplishments in filmmaking and television. It is the highest award of achievement in film awarded in the Czech Republic. The jury is composed of members of the Czech Film and Television Academy (ČFTA).

Eligible films must have been released in the year prior to the awards ceremony.
Charlotte Blair
Charlotte Blair (born 6 April 2004) is an Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood in the AFL Women's (AFLW). A midfielder, she played junior football in the TAC Cup Girls with the  Dandenong Stingrays and VFL Women's with the Casey Demons, and Victorian Country Under 18 side. She was recruited by Collingwood with pick 56 in the 2022 AFL Women's draft and debuted in the closing round match of the 2023 AFL Women's season.

Talent League Girls
The Talent League Girls (also known as the Coates Talent League Girls under naming rights and previously as the NAB League Girls and TAC Cup Girls) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Australia. It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions, while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was introduced in 2019.

The league is one of the leading competitions for female footballers to be recruited to AFL Women's (AFLW) clubs. An identical competition for male footballers, known as the Talent League Boys, is also contested on an annual basis.
Kneser's theorem (combinatorics)
In the branch of mathematics known as additive combinatorics, Kneser's theorem can refer to one of several related theorems regarding the sizes of certain sumsets in abelian groups. These are named after Martin Kneser, who published them in 1953 and 1956. They may be regarded as extensions of the Cauchy–Davenport theorem, which also concerns sumsets in groups but is restricted to groups whose order is a prime number.

The first three statements deal with sumsets whose size (in various senses) is strictly smaller than the sum of the size of the summands.  The last statement deals with the case of equality for Haar measure in connected compact abelian groups.

Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.
Learning to Walk (The Boo Radleys album)
Learning to Walk is a compilation album by UK indie band The Boo Radleys, released by Rough Trade Records in 1992.

It is a collection of the band's first three EPs, Kaleidoscope (1990), Every Heaven (1991) and Boo! Up (1991), as well as two previously unreleased covers, "Alone Again Or" and "Boo! Faith". The band's 1992 EP Adrenalin is not represented, as it was released on a separate record label.

The covers of "Alone Again Or" (originally by Love) and "Boo! Faith" (New Order's "True Faith", retitled) are taken from the band's second and third Peel Sessions, from 1991.

True Faith (song)
"True Faith" is a song by English rock band New Order, co-written and co-produced by the band and Stephen Hague. It was the first New Order single since their debut "Ceremony" to be issued in the UK as two separate 12-inch singles. The second 12-inch single features two remixes by Shep Pettibone. The promotional video of the single with a sequence featuring two men slapping each other in turn, received media attention and was on heavy rotation on music TV channels, helping the band to reach a wider audience.

The single peaked at number 4 in the United Kingdom on its original release in 1987. In the United States, "True Faith" became New Order's first single to appear on the Billboard Hot 100, ultimately peaking at number 32. In 1994 a "True Faith" remix was released, and the song charted a second time in the UK at number 9. "True Faith" is one of New Order's most popular songs.
Massachusetts Route 137
Massachusetts Route 137 is a 6.833-mile-long (10.997 km) north–south state route on Cape Cod in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The route begins at an intersection with Route 28 in the town of Chatham. The route serves as a connector between Chatham, the town of Harwich (where it meets US 6) and Brewster. In Brewster, Route 137 ends at a junction with Route 6A, a short distance southwest of Route 124.

U.S. Route 6 in Massachusetts
U.S. Route 6 (US 6) in Massachusetts is a 117.952-mile-long (189.825 km) portion of the cross-country route connecting Providence, Rhode Island, to Fall River, New Bedford, and Cape Cod. In the Fall River and New Bedford areas, US 6 parallels Interstate 195 (I-195). On Cape Cod, US 6 is a highway interconnecting the towns of the area. The freeway section in this area is also known as the Mid-Cape Highway. The highway is also alternatively signed as the "Grand Army of the Republic Highway".

The section of the Mid-Cape Highway between exit 78 and the Orleans rotary is known to locals as "Suicide Alley" due to the number of fatal accidents that happen on this stretch of two-lane divided freeway with only a berm separating the lanes of traffic.
Copper Range 29
Copper Range Railroad 29 is the sole survivor of the C-2 class 2-8-0 "Consolidation" type steam locomotives. Built by ALCO in 1907, No. 29 was primarily used to pull loaded copper trains out of copper mines in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, as well as occasional passenger trains between Houghton and McKeever, until it was removed from service in 1953. In 1967, it was leased to the Keweenaw Central Railroad, who used it to pull excursion trains between Calumet and Lake Linden, until 1971.

For thirty years, the locomotive was stored outside the abandoned Quincy Smelter plant in Hancock under the ownership of Mineral Range Inc.. In 2003, No. 29 was purchased by the Mid-Continent Railway Museum for static display purposes, and the locomotive's move to North Freedom, Wisconsin was funded and financed by the museum the following year. As of 2026, No. 29 remains on static display in front of two passenger cars on the museum's grounds, slowly undergoing a cosmetic stabilization.

2-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere, this wheel arrangement is commonly known as a Consolidation, after the Lehigh and Mahanoy Railroad’s Consolidation, the name of the first 2-8-0.

The notation 2-8-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, the "T" suffix indicating a locomotive on which the water is carried in side-tanks mounted on the engine rather than in an attached tender.

The Consolidation represented a notable advance in locomotive power. After 1875, it became "the most popular type of freight locomotive in the United States and was built in greater quantities than any other single wheel arrangement."
Libyan Desert
24°N 25°E﻿ / ﻿24°N 25°E﻿ / 24; 25

The Libyan Desert (not to be confused with the Libyan Sahara) is a geographical region filling the northeastern Sahara Desert, from eastern Libya to the Western Desert of Egypt and far northwestern Sudan approximately 1,300,000 km2. On medieval maps, its use predates today's Sahara, and parts of the Libyan Desert include the Sahara's most arid and least populated regions; this is chiefly what sets the Libyan Desert apart from the greater Sahara. The consequent absence of grazing, and near absence of waterholes or wells needed to sustain camel caravans, prevented Trans-Saharan trade between Kharga (the Darb al Arbein) close to the Nile, and Murzuk in the Libyan Fezzan. This obscurity saw the region overlooked by early European explorers, and it was not until the early 20th century and the advent of the motor car before the Libyan Desert started to be fully explored.

Acacus Mountains
The Acacus Mountains or Tadrart Akakus (Arabic: تدرارت أكاكوس / ALA-LC: Tadrārt Akākūs) form a mountain range in the desert of the Ghat District in western Libya, part of the Sahara. They are situated east of the city of Ghat, Libya, and stretch north from the border with Algeria, about 100 kilometres (62 mi). The area has a particularly rich array of prehistoric rock art.
Emblem of Laos
The National Emblem of the Lao People's Democratic Republic shows the national shrine Pha That Luang. A dam is pictured, which is a symbol of power generation at the reservoir Nam Ngum. An asphalt street and a stylized watered field is pictured. In the lower part is a section of a gear wheel. The inscription on the left reads "Peace, Independence, Democracy" (Lao script: ສັນຕິພາບ ເອກະລາດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ) and on the right, "Unity and Prosperity" (Lao script: ເອກະພາບ ວັດຖະນາຖາວອນ).

Pha That Luang
Pha That Luang (Lao: ທາດຫຼວງ or ພຣະທາດຫລວງ; pronounced [pʰā.tʰâːt lǔa̯ŋ] "Great Stupa") is a large, gold-covered Buddhist stupa in the centre of the city of Vientiane, capital of Laos. Since its initial establishment, suggested to be in the 3rd century AD, the stupa has undergone several reconstructions, as recently as the 1930s, due to foreign invasions of the area. It is generally regarded as the most important national monument in Laos as well as a national symbol.
132nd Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
The 132nd Guards Motor Rifle Gorlovka Brigade "Berkut" (Russian: 132-я гвардейская мотострелковая Горловская бригада "Беркут", 132 омсбр; MUN 08803) is a military unit of the Russian Ground Forces. Until January 1, 2023, it was part of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic. It is subordinated to the 51st Guards Combined Arms Army.

Horlivka
Horlivka (US: /ˈhɔːrlɪfkə/ HOR-lif-kə; Ukrainian: Горлівка, IPA: [ˈɦɔrl⁽ʲ⁾iu̯kɐ] ⓘ), also known as Gorlovka (Russian: Горловка, IPA: [ˈɡorləfkə]), is a city in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. Its population is 239,828 (2022 estimate).

Economic activity is predominantly coal mining and the chemical industry. The Horlivka Institute for Foreign Languages has a two-building campus in the city centre.

The city was severely damaged during the Battle of Horlivka in 2014 as part of the war in Donbas. Since 2014, it has been mainly under Russian occupation.