hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederick W. Brock
Frederick W. Brock (1899–1972), born in Switzerland, was an optometrist, a major contributor to vision therapy, and the inventor of various vision therapy devices including the Brock string. Brock's approach to treating eye disorders was crucial in paving the way to overcoming an erroneous but long-standing medical consensus that stereopsis could not be acquired in adulthood but only during a critical period early in life: neuroscientist Susan R. Barry, the first person to have received widespread media attention for having acquired stereo vision in adulthood, attributes him a central role in her recovery of stereopsis, a discovery which in turn influenced the prevalent scientific conceptions with regard to the neuroplasticity of the visual system.

Medical consensus
Medical consensus is a public statement on a particular aspect of medical knowledge at the time the statement is made that a representative group of experts agree to be evidence-based and state-of-the-art (state-of-the-science) knowledge. Its main objective is to counsel physicians on the best possible and acceptable way to diagnose and treat certain diseases or how to address a particular decision-making area. It is usually, therefore, considered an authoritative, community-based expression of a consensus decision-making and publication process.
Mahamane Coulibaly
Mahamane Coulibaly (born January 28, 2001) is a Malian professional basketball player for Stade Malien of the Ligue 1 and Basketball Africa League (BAL). He also plays for the Mali national basketball team and won a silver medal at FIBA AfroBasket 2025.

FIBA AfroBasket 2025
FIBA AfroBasket 2025 was the 31st edition of the FIBA AfroBasket, a men's basketball continental championship of Africa. The tournament was hosted by Angola for the fourth time between 12 and 24 August.

Tunisia are the two-time defending champion, having won the 2017 and 2021 tournaments. However, they were eliminated by Cape Verde in the playoff round. Angola won a record-extending twelfth title, after defeating first-time finalists Mali in the final. Senegal finished in third place for a third time in a row, after beating Cameroon. Angola's Childe Dundão won MVP honours.
Susan Rasky
Susan Rasky (June 10, 1952 – December 29, 2013) was an American university educator and political journalist for the New York Times. She won the George Polk Award for her coverage of Capitol Hill in 1991.

George Polk Awards
The George Polk Awards in Journalism are a series of American journalism awards presented annually by Long Island University in New York in the United States. A writer for Idea Lab, a group blog hosted on the website of PBS, described the award as "one of only a couple of journalism prizes that means anything". The award is described as follows:

For 75 years, LIU has been the proud home of the George Polk Awards in Journalism, the first major award of its kind to recognize reporting across all media. This prestigious honor focuses on the intrepid, bold, and influential work of the reporters themselves, placing a premium on investigative work that is original, resourceful, and thought-provoking.
June List
The June List (Swedish: Junilistan, jl) was a Swedish left Eurosceptic political party. Founded in 2004, it received 14% in the European Parliament election of the same year - gaining three seats. In the elections of 2009, however, it saw a drop of 11 percentage points in support and lost all of its seats. Due to its subsequent decline the party has been inactive since the 2014 European Parliament election.

The party also ran in the Swedish 2006 parliamentary election, but it only received 0.47% of the votes, far below the 4% needed to get into parliament.

2004 European Parliament election in Sweden
The 2004 European Parliament election in Sweden was the election of MEP representing Sweden constituency for the 2004-2009 term of the European Parliament. It was part of the wider 2004 European election. The vote took place on 13 June. The ruling Social Democrats polled poorly, but virtually all the established parties lost ground to the eurosceptic June List.
USS Henry R. Mallory
USS Henry R. Mallory (ID-1280) was a transport for the United States Navy during World War I. She was also sometimes referred to as USS H. R. Mallory or as USS Mallory. Before her Navy service she was USAT Henry R. Mallory as a United States Army transport ship. From her 1916 launch, and after her World War I military service, she was known as SS Henry R. Mallory for the Mallory Lines. Pressed into service as a troopship in World War II by the War Shipping Administration, she was torpedoed by the German submarine U-402 in the North Atlantic Ocean and sank with the loss of 272 men—over half of those on board.

Agwilines Inc
Agwilines Inc was a passenger and cargo shipping company of New York City. Agwilines is short for Atlantic, Gulf & West Indies Steamship Inc.
AGWI Lines group operated four main lines in the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s:

Ward Line

Clyde line

Mallory Line

Porto Rico Line

Later the Clyde-Mallory Lines

Agwilines Inc had offices in: New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, and Washington and was founded in 1908. In 1949, Graham-Newman Corporation (1926–1956), an investment corporation, purchased 70,000 shares of Agwilines Inc to become the controlling interest. Graham-Newman Corporation was founded by Benjamin Graham and Jerome Newm in 1926.
Nyi Kan-Kaung
Nyi Kan-Kaung  (Mon: ညီကာံကံင်, Burmese: ညီကံကောင်း or ညီဂံဂေါင်, Burmese pronunciation: [ɲì gàɴ gáʊɴ]; c. 1352–1388/89) was a Hanthawaddy royal and governor of Dala–Twante from 1370/71 to 1388/89. A stepson of King Binnya U, the prince was an early supporter of his half-brother Binnya Nwe's successful rebellion against U in 1383–1384. However he was executed in 1388/89 by Nwe, now known as Razadarit, for suspicion of planning a rebellion.

Binnya U
Binnya U (Mon: ဗညာဥူ, Burmese: ဗညားဦး, Burmese pronunciation: [bəɲá ʔú]; also known as Hsinbyushin; 1323–1384) was king of Martaban–Hanthawaddy from 1348 to 1384. His reign was marked by several internal rebellions and external conflicts. He survived the initial rebellions and an invasion by Lan Na by 1353. But from 1364 onwards, his effective rule covered only the Pegu province, albeit the most strategic and powerful of the kingdom's three provinces. Constantly plagued by poor health, U increasingly relied on his sister Maha Dewi to govern. He formally handed her all his powers in 1383 while facing an open rebellion by his eldest son Binnya Nwe, who succeeded him as King Razadarit.

King Binnya U is best remembered in Burmese history as the father of King Razadarit. One enduring legacy of his reign was Pegu's (Bago's) emergence as the new power center in Lower Burma. The city would remain the capital of the Mon-speaking kingdom until the mid-16th century.
BmKK2 toxin
In molecular biology, the BmKK2 toxins are a family of scorpion toxins. They belong to the scorpion toxin subfamily alpha-KTx 14. They include a novel short-chain peptide from the Asian scorpion Mesobuthus martensii Karsch, a potassium channel blocker composed of 31 amino acid residues. The peptide adopts a classical alpha/beta-scaffold for alpha-KTxs. BmKK2 selectively inhibits the delayed rectifier K+ current, but does not affect the fast transient K+ current.

In comparison with typical short-chain scorpion toxins (e.g., CTX and NTX), the alpha helix is shorter and the beta-sheet element is smaller (each strand consists of only two residues). There is an alpha-mode binding between the toxin and the channels. It has a lower activity towards Kv channels and it is predicted that it may prefer a type of SK channel with a narrower entryway as a specific receptor.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
Me llaman Lolita
Me Llaman Lolita was a Colombian telenovela between 1999 and 2000.  It was written by Juan Manuel Cáceres and Jorge Elkim Ospina and directed by Luis Alberto Restrepo. This telenovela lasted 198 episodes and internationally it had 99 episodes. Starring Carla Giraldo, Manuela González and Marcelo Cezán. The antagonists were Marcela Gallego and Germán Castelblanco.

The series caused some controversy due to its depiction of the romance between Lolita, aged 12 at the start of the series, and Esteban, who is 18 years her senior, which led to the series being censored in Nicaragua and in Guatemala when it was transmitted in those countries.

Marcela Gallego
Marcela Gallego (born October 4, 1971) is a Colombian actress, born in Tunja. Most of her work has been in Colombian telenovelas including Celia, some of which have appeared in the U.S. She is also known for acting in the film Satanás.

She studied acting in Bogotá and then in Mexico where she also took courses in direction and dance, and participated in a film and several plays.

In Colombia, she has been on the charts for more than thirty years. She has participated in plays such as Llevados por el deseo, Monólogos de la vagina, Y se armó la mojiganga, La siempre viva and La honesta persona de Sechuán. She has also appeared in films such as Satan, Losing is a matter of method, The strategy of the snail and the half-film Forbidden Games.

In the world of television, she made her debut in the novel Por amor in 1986. She played the role of La pereirana in the series Fronteras del regreso in 1992.
Hi-Hi
Hi-Hi is a Japanese comedy (manzai) duo (kombi) from Saitama prefecture consisting of Kojiro Ueda (上田 浩二郎, born November 9, 1973) as boke and Kazunori Iwasaki (岩崎 一則, born September 17, 1973) as tsukkomi under the entertainment agency, K Dash Stage. Formed in 1998, they are best known for their stand-up acts and TV tarento activities in variety shows. The duo was selected as one of the four finalists among 1,515 professional comedy groups in a televised competition called THE MANZAI 2011, broadcast by Fuji Television on December 17, 2011.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
John Reading Farmstead
The John Reading Farmstead is a historic house located at 76 River Road by the South Branch Raritan River in Raritan Township, near Flemington in Hunterdon County, New Jersey. It was built in 1760 for John Reading, former governor of the Province of New Jersey, 1757–1758. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1978, for its significance in agriculture, architecture, politics, and exploration/settlement.

William Trent House
The William Trent House is a historic building located at 15 Market Street in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey. It was built in 1719 for William Trent and is the oldest building in Trenton.  He founded the eponymous town, which became the capital of New Jersey. It has served as the residence for three Governors. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places and listed as a National Historic Landmark on April 15, 1970, for its significance as an example of Early Georgian Colonial architecture.
Cyril Dunning
Cyril Edward Dunning (20 February 1888 – 11 January 1962) was an English amateur footballer who played for Norwich City as a midfielder. He also played Minor Counties cricket for Norfolk. He was born at Manor Farm, Colby on 20 February 1888 and died at Paston on 18 January 1962."

Paston, Norfolk
Paston is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is 4 miles (6.4 km) north-east of North Walsham and 9.1 miles (14.6 km) south-east of Cromer. It is 19.2 miles (30.9 km) north-east of the city of Norwich. The village sits astride the coast road between Mundesley and Bacton. The nearest railway station is at North Walsham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International.

The village gives its name to the Pastonian Stage, a British regional subdivision of the Pleistocene Epoch. The village was served by Paston & Knapton railway station on the North Walsham to Cromer section of the Norfolk and Suffolk Joint Railway from 1881 until 1964.
Crossed module
In mathematics, and especially in homotopy theory, a crossed module consists of groups  and , where  acts on   by automorphisms (which we will write on the left),  , and a homomorphism of groups

that is equivariant with respect to the conjugation action of  on itself:

and also satisfies the so-called Peiffer identity:

Inner automorphism
In abstract algebra, an inner automorphism is an automorphism of a group, ring, or algebra given by the conjugation action of a fixed element, called the conjugating element. They can be realized via operations from within the group itself, hence the adjective "inner". These inner automorphisms form a subgroup of the automorphism group, and the quotient of the automorphism group by this subgroup is defined as the outer automorphism group.
Olean Refiners
The Olean Refiners were a minor league baseball team based in Olean, New York. From 1905 to 1908 and again from 1914 to 1916, Olean teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Interstate League, winning the 1908 league championship. Olean played as the "Candidates" in 1908 and the "White Sox" in 1915 and 1916, winning a contested pennant in 1915. Olean hosted home minor league games at Interstate League Park. The "Refiners" nickname corresponds to the Oil industry in the Olean area in the era.

Hornell Dodgers (minor league)
The Hornell Dodgers (previously the Hornell Maples and Hornell Maple Leafs) was a minor league baseball team based in Hornell, New York that played in the Pennsylvania–Ontario–New York League  between 1942 and 1957.

Previously, Hornell teams played as members of the Southern Tier League (1904–1905) and Interstate League (1906, 1914–1915) after the first Hornell team played as members of the 1890 Western New York League.

After the team disbanded in 1956, the Bradford Beagles disbanded on May 23, 1957, and were replaced on May 28, 1957, by the Hornell Redlegs.
Ivan Buresh
Ivan Yosifov Buresh (Bulgarian: Иван Йосифов Буреш; 27 December 1885 – 8 August 1980) was a Bulgarian zoologist and entomologist who has been dubbed "the patriarch of Bulgarian biology". He contributed to entomology, speleology, herpetology, and botany, and wrote over 200 scientific and popular science articles. Buresh served as curator and later director of the Royal Museum of Natural History, became a full member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1929, and led its Institute of Zoology from 1947 to 1959.

Speleology
Speleology (from Ancient Greek  σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, as well as their composition, structure, physical properties, history, ecology, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology). The term speleology is also sometimes applied to the recreational activity of exploring caves, but this is more properly known as caving, potholing (British English), or spelunking (United States and Canadian English). Speleology and caving are often connected, as the physical skills required for in situ study are the same.

Speleology is a cross-disciplinary field that combines the knowledge of chemistry, biology, geology, physics, meteorology, and cartography to develop portraits of caves as complex, evolving systems.
Sulfinyl halide
Sulfinyl halide have the general formula R−S(O)−X, where X is a halogen.  They are intermediate in oxidation level between sulfenyl halides, R−S−X,  and sulfonyl halides, R−SO2−X. The best known examples are sulfinyl chlorides, thermolabile, moisture-sensitive compounds, which are useful intermediates for preparation of other sufinyl derivatives such as sulfinamides, sulfinates, sulfoxides, and thiosulfinates. Unlike the sulfur atom in sulfonyl halides and sulfenyl halides, the sulfur atom in sulfinyl halides is chiral, as shown for methanesulfinyl chloride.

Thiosulfinate
In organosulfur chemistry, thiosulfinate is a functional group consisting of the linkage R−S(O)−S−R (R refers to organic substituents). Thiolsulfinates are also named as alkanethiosulfinic (or arenethiosulfinic) acid esters.

They are the first of the series of functional groups containing an oxidized disulfide bond. Other members of this family include thiosulfonates (R−SO2−S−R), α-disulfoxides (R−S(O)−S(O)−R), sulfinyl sulfones (R−S(O)−SO2−R), and α-disulfones (R−SO2−SO2−R), of which all (except α‑disulfoxides) are known. The thiosulfinate group can occur in cyclic as well as acyclic structures.

Thiosulfinate also refers to thiosulfinate anion R−S(O)−S− and its salts.
Grape Bay Ltd v A-G of Bermuda
Grape Bay Ltd v Attorney-General of Bermuda [1999] UKPC 43 is a case concerning expressly analogous principles to compulsory purchase by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council and is important for English land law.  It directly concerns a state prohibition which impacts a development that is underway, by agreement but not in any substantive physical form. It held that an Act passed by the Bermudian legislature to prevent foreign corporation restaurants from  opening (including McDonald's) did not amount to a "regulatory taking" or an unconstitutional deprivation of property without compensation. In doing so, Lord Hoffmann distinguished between an infringement of "liberty" and an infringement of "property" in a manner similar to Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld's classic analysis.

Lennie Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann
Leonard Hubert "Lennie" Hoffmann, Baron Hoffmann GBS PC (born 8 May 1934) is a senior South African–British judge. Currently, he serves as a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong; he formerly served as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1995 to 2009.

Well known for his lively decisions and willingness to break with convention, Hoffmann has had an especially large impact on the interpretation of contracts, shareholder actions in UK company law, in restricting tort liability for public authorities, human rights and intellectual property law, in particular patents.
Maynard Morrison (American football)
Maynard Davis "Doc" Morrison (May 28, 1909 – June 2, 2006) was an All-American football fullback and center for the University of Michigan Wolverines from 1929 to 1931. Michigan football coach Harry Kipke ranked Morrison as the finest linebacker he ever saw.  "No one ever got past him," Kipke said.  In 1931, he was chosen by Grantland Rice and the NEA Service as a first-team All-American at center and helped lead Michigan to a Big Ten Conference championship. Maynard also played for the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National Football League.

Harry Kipke
Harry George Kipke (/ˈkɪp.kiː/; March 26, 1899 – September 14, 1972) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach. He was the head football coach at Michigan State College in 1928 and at the University of Michigan from 1929 to 1937, compiling a career record of 49–30–5. During his nine-year tenure as head coach at Michigan, Kipke's teams compiled a 46–26–4 record, won four conference titles, and captured two national championships in 1932 and 1933. He is one of only three coaches, along with Fielding H. Yost and Bo Schembechler, in Michigan football history to direct teams to four consecutive conference championships. Kipke was also the head baseball coach at the University of Missouri for one season 1925 while he was an assistant football coach at the school.  He was inducted into of the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1958.
Romesh Gunesekera
Romesh Gunesekera FRSL (born 1954) is a Sri Lankan-born British author, who was shortlisted for the Booker Prize for his novel Reef in 1994. He has judged a number of literary prizes and was Chair of the judges of Commonwealth Short Story Prize competition for 2015.

Royal Society of Literature
The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elected from among the best writers in any genre currently at work. Additionally, Honorary Fellows are chosen from those who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of literature, including publishers, agents, librarians, booksellers or producers. The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House. The RSL is an independent charity and relies on the support of its Members, Patrons, Fellows and friends to continue its work.
The Vista
The Vista, formerly Music City Mall, and originally Vista Ridge Mall, is a shopping mall in Lewisville, Texas, United States, owned and managed by 1000 South Vermont LLC. Opened in 1989, it is located on the southwest corner of Round Grove Road and the portion of Interstate 35E known as Stemmons Freeway. As of January 2025, the mall contains 59 businesses. The current anchors are Dillard's Clearance, Cinemark, Zion Market, and NTX Range. The mall contains 1 vacant anchor, which was previously occupied by Macy's.

Dillard's
Dillard's, Inc. is an American department store chain founded in 1938 by William T. Dillard. It is headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas, and operates approximately 272 stores in 30 states. Currently, the largest number of stores are located in Texas with 57 and Florida with 42.
Reel
A reel is a tool used to store elongated and flexible objects (e.g. yarns/cords, ribbons, cables, hoses, etc.) by wrapping the material around a cylindrical core known as a spool. Many reels also have flanges (known as the rims) around the ends of the spool to help retain the wrapped material and prevent unwanted slippage off the ends. In most cases, the reel spool is hollow in order to pass an axle and allow it to spin like a wheel, a winding process known as reeling, which can be done by manually turning the reel with handles or cranks, or by machine-powered rotating via (typically electric) motors.

Bobbin
A bobbin or spool is a spindle or cylinder, with or without flanges, on which yarn, thread, wire, tape or film is wound. Bobbins are typically found in industrial textile machinery, as well as in sewing machines, fishing reels, tape measures, film rolls, cassette tapes, within electronic and electrical equipment, and for various other applications.