hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg
Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Buhl-Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (born 5 December 1971), known professionally as Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, is a German businessman, author, journalist, podcaster, and former politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU). He served as a member of the Bundestag from 2002 to 2011, as Secretary-General of the CSU from 2008 to 2009, as Federal Minister for Economics and Technology in 2009 and as Federal Minister of Defence from 2009 to 2011.

After the discovery of extensive plagiarism in his doctoral dissertation and the decision of the University of Bayreuth to revoke his doctorate, an affair known as the Guttenberg plagiarism scandal, he resigned from all political posts in March 2011.

In 2011, Guttenberg joined the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Guttenberg is the chairman and a founder of Spitzberg Partners, an advisory and investment firm based in New York City.

Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of Defence (German: Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm deːɐ̯ fɐˈtaɪdɪɡʊŋ] ⓘ; abbreviated BMVg) is a top-level federal agency, headed by the Federal Minister of Defence as a member of the Cabinet of Germany. The ministry is headquartered at the Hardthöhe barracks itself located at the Hardthöhe district in Bonn and has a second office in the Bendlerblock building in Berlin, which is occasionally used as a metonym to denote the entire Ministry.

According to Article 65a of the German Constitution (Grundgesetz), the Federal Minister of Defence is Commander-in-chief of the Bundeswehr, the German armed forces, with around 260,953 active soldiers and civilians. Article 115b decrees that in the state of defence, declared by the Bundestag with consent of the Bundesrat, the command in chief passes to the Chancellor. The ministry currently has approximately 2,000 employees.
Dusack
A dusack or dussack (also dusägge and variants, from Czech tesák "cleaver; hunting sword", lit. "fang") is a  single-edged sword of the cutlass or sabre  type, in use as a side arm in Germany and the Habsburg monarchy during the 16th to 17th centuries, as well as a practice weapon based on this weapon used in early modern German fencing.

Sidearm (weapon)
A sidearm is an individual-served weapon that is kept at one's side and can be rapidly accessed if needed. A sidearm may be carried alone or as an ancillary weapon to a more frequently-used primary weapon. The term historically referred to swords, daggers, and similar small weapons kept at one's side in a sheath, and in modern combat dominated by guns, sidearms are often defined as handguns that are similarly kept in a holster.

A sidearm is typically required equipment for military officers and may be carried by law enforcement personnel. Usually, uniformed personnel of these services wear their weapons openly, while plainclothes personnel have their sidearms concealed under their clothes.
East Caracas
East Caracas generally refers to the eastern portions of Caracas, and may refer specifically to the municipalities from the Metropolitan District of Caracas located in Miranda State: Chacao, Baruta, Sucre, and El Hatillo. It concentrates the 34.8% population of the Metropolitan District of Caracas, and the 21.7% population of the Greater Caracas Area. Caracas Country Club, the richest neighborhood of the city, is located between El Recreo and Chacao districts.

Until some years ago, it was one of the safest regions of Caracas since most neighbourhoods on the eastern side had a slightly lower crime rate, but now the situation has changed. Crime is rampant in all the districts of the city. Some of the eastern neighborhoods of Caracas report a high rate of kidnappings, but also some neighborhoods in downtown such as San Bernardino.

Sabana Grande, Caracas
The Sabana Grande district is divided into several middle class neighborhoods located in the Parroquia El Recreo of the Libertador Municipality, in the geographical center of the Metropolitan District of Caracas. It owes its name to the old town of Sabana Grande.
Glowworm Tunnel
The Glowworm Tunnel is a disused railway tunnel between Lithgow, New South Wales and Newnes, New South Wales, Australia. It is notable for its resident glow-worms, the bioluminescent larvae of Arachnocampa richardsae, a type of fungus gnat.

Lithgow, New South Wales
Lithgow is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia and is the administrative centre of the City of Lithgow local government area. It is located in a mountain valley named Lithgow's Valley by John Oxley in honour of William Lithgow, the Auditor-General of the colony of New South Wales.

Lithgow is on the Great Western Highway, about 150 km (95 mi) west of Sydney, or via the old mountain route, Bells Line of Road, from Windsor. At June 2021 Lithgow had an urban population of 11,197.
Lithgow is surrounded by a varied landscape characterised by seven valleys which include national parks, one of which, the Blue Mountains National Park, is a World Heritage Area. The Wollemi National Park is home to the Jurassic-age tree the Wollemi Pine, which was found growing in a remote canyon in the park.
Maurice Schmitt
Maurice Schmitt (born 23 January 1930 at Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône), is a French general and  chief of the general staff headquarters of the Armies (CEMA) from 16 November 1987 until 23 April 1991. He was then appointed as Governor of Les Invalides until 1996.

Chief of the Defence Staff (France)
The Chief of the Defence Staff (French: Chef d'État-Major des Armées, CEMA; lit. 'Chief of Staff of the Armies') is the military head of the Armed Forces of the French Republic, overseeing all military operations (under reserve of the particular dispositions relative to nuclear deterrence). They are responsible to the Minister of the Armed Forces and their deputy is the Major General of the Defence Staff. Since the 1950s, the office has been held only by four-star generals (OF–9), either from the Army, the Navy, or the Air and Space Force. The current Chief is General Fabien Mandon, who took the position on 1 September 2025.
Jude Ssemugabi
Jude Ssemugabi is a Ugandan professional footballer who also plays as forward for Jamus in the South Sudan Premier League and the Uganda national football team.

He made his debut for the Uganda national team against Congo on 11 September 2024 in the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations Qualifiers, scoring the second goal for Uganda.

Uganda national football team
The Uganda national football team have represented Uganda in men's international football since the first international match in 1926. It is controlled by Federation of Uganda Football Associations (FUFA), the governing body for football in Uganda, which is affiliated with CAF and comes under the global jurisdiction of world football's governing body FIFA. Uganda competes in the three major international tournaments contested by African nations: the FIFA World Cup, Africa Cup of Nations and African Nations League.
Recordland
Recordland was one of Venezuela's largest music and video store chains.  It was owned by Empresas 1BC, which is the same owner of Radio Caracas Radio and Radio Caracas Television (RCTV).  Recordland opened in 1982 and only operated 1 store in Sabana Grande, Caracas. In 2019, as a result of the economic crisis in the country and the rise of digital platforms, the only store in Caracas closed on December 15. On December 15, 2006, Tu Tienda RCTV, a gift shop that sold various products containing the logo of RCTV, ¿Quien Quiere Ser Millonario?, and RCTV's new telenovela, Te Tengo en Salsa, opened in the Recordland at the Centro Sambil in Caracas.

Radio Caracas Radio
Radio Caracas Radio was a Venezuelan radio station. Founded in 1930, it was Venezuela's oldest radio station. It was last owned by Empresas 1BC, a Venezuelan private media corporation. The station was shut down in 2023 by the Nicolás Maduro administration.
Kilmainham Treaty
The Kilmainham Treaty was an informal agreement reached in May 1882 between Liberal British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone and the Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell.  Whilst imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol, Parnell moved in April 1882 to make a deal with the government, negotiated through Captain William O'Shea MP. The government would settle the "rent arrears" question allowing 100,000 tenants to appeal for fair rent before the land courts. Parnell promised to use his good offices to quell the violence and to co-operate cordially for the future with the Liberal Party in forwarding Liberal principles and measures of general reform. 
Gladstone released the prisoner and the agreement was a major triumph for Irish nationalism as it won abatement for tenant rent-arrears from the Government at the height of the Land War.

William O'Shea
Captain William Henry O'Shea (1840 – 22 April 1905) was an Irish soldier and Member of Parliament.  He is best known for being the ex-husband of Katharine O'Shea, the long-time mistress of the Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell.
Tomáš Verner
Tomáš Verner (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtomaːʃ ˈvɛrnɛr] ⓘ; born 3 June 1986) is a former Czech figure skater. He is the 2008 European champion, a medalist at two other European Championships (2007 silver, 2011 bronze), and a ten-time (2002–2004, 2006–2008, 2011–2014) Czech national champion. He has won six senior Grand Prix medals, including the 2010 Cup of Russia title.

2011 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2011 European Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2010–11 season. Skaters competed in the categories of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The 2011 competition was held from 24 to 30 January 2011 at the PostFinance Arena in Bern, Switzerland.
Eunpyeong District
Eunpyeong District (Korean: 은평구; RR: Eunpyeong-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. Eunpyeong is divided into 16 dong (administrative neighborhoods). Eunpyeong is located in northwestern Seoul, bordering Gyeonggi Province city of Goyang to the west, and the Seoul districts of Mapo to the southwest, Seodaemun District to the south, and Jongno District to the east.

Kim Mi-kyung of the Democratic Party was elected mayor in July 2018.

Goyang
Goyang (Korean: 고양; Korean pronunciation: [ko.jaŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province in the north of South Korea. It is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Area, making Goyang one of Seoul's satellite cities. It is one of the largest cities in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, with a population of just over 1 million. Ilsan, a planned city, is located in the Ilsandong District and Ilsanseo Districts of Goyang. It also includes Deogyang District which is closer to Seoul.

Several institutions of higher learning are located in Goyang. These include Agricultural Cooperative College, Korea Aerospace University, and Transnational Law and Business University.
Small nucleolar RNA Z168/Z174
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z168/Z174 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA Z168/Z174 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Plant snoRNA Z168/Z174 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
Sind Valley
The Sind Valley is a Himalayan sub-valley of the Kashmir Valley in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The entrance of the Sind Valley lies 33 kilometres (21 mi) northeast of Srinagar the capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 65 kilometres (40 mi) long gorge valley with an average width of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi).

Wayil, Jammu and Kashmir
Wayil is a tourist village in the Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located on the bank of Sind River, around 9 km from Ganderbal, 30 km northeast from Srinagar, at NH 1D which connects Srinagar and Ladakh.
Shoushan Zoo
The Shoushan Zoo (Chinese: 壽山動物園; pinyin: Shòushān Dòngwùyuán) is a zoo in Gushan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. It is located on the northern border of Shoushan Park and houses animals from Asia, Africa, Americas and Australia, such as lions, tigers, elephants, black bears and kangaroos.

Formosan black bear
The Formosan Black Bear (Chinese: 臺灣黑熊, Ursus thibetanus formosanus), also known as the Taiwanese black bear or white-throated bear, is a subspecies of the Asiatic black bear. It was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1864.  Formosan black bears are endemic to Taiwan. They are also the largest land animals and the only native bears (Ursidae) in Taiwan. They are seen to represent the Taiwanese nation.

Because of severe exploitation and habitat degradation in recent decades, populations of wild Formosan black bears have been declining. This species was listed as "endangered" under Taiwan's Wildlife Conservation Act (野生動物保育法) in 1989. Their geographic distribution is restricted to remote, rugged areas at elevations of 1,000–3,500 m (3,300–11,500 ft). The estimated number of individuals is 200 to 600.
Frederic Yates
Frederic Yates (1854–1919) was an English painter. He painted landscapes and portraits including President Woodrow Wilson and Sanford Ballard Dole, the only  president of Hawaii. He settled in the Lake District.

Sanford B. Dole
Sanford Ballard Dole (April 23, 1844 – June 9, 1926) was a Hawaii-born lawyer and jurist. He lived through the periods when Hawaii was a kingdom, provisional government, republic, and territory. Dole advocated the westernization of Hawaiian government and culture. After the overthrow of the monarchy, he served as the President of the Republic of Hawaii, until his government secured Hawaii's annexation by the United States. He then became the Territory of Hawaii's first Governor and the second Judge of the Hawaiian District Court.
Another Era
Another Era (Chinese: 再創世紀) is a 2018 drama produced by TVB, iQiyi, CCTV and CRTP. It is the sequel to At the Threshold of an Era with Roger Kwok, Niki Chow, Frankie Lam, Tavia Yeung, Benjamin Yuen and Pakho Chau as the main leads; and Linda Chung as a guest star.

The theme and storyline revolve around the development of Hong Kong's economy in the past 10 years. Production cost a total of HK$100 million and took half a year.

The cut 34-episode version was uploaded on iQiyi on 29 August 2018, and aired on CCTV-8 on 30 August 2018. The original 36 episode version aired on TVB Jade from 10 September 2018 and on Mediacorp's Channel U on 23 April 2020.

At the Threshold of an Era
At the Threshold of an Era (Chinese: 創世紀) was a Hong Kong epic drama series broadcast by TVB Jade Channel from 11 October to 18 December 1999 and 13 March to 26 May 2000 and was extensively promoted by TVB as its cross-millennium, one-hundred-episode-long epic. The series composed of two parts, with a gap in between airing.

The entire series took place in a continuing flashback, with the protagonist, Tim Yip (Gallen Lo), pondering the trials and tribulations he went through while riding on a train in the "green city" he developed.

In 2022, the drama was selected as one of ten classic TVB dramas being honoured for Youku and TVB's new programme.
Eduardo Bonomi
Edison Eduardo Bonomi Varela (14 October 1948 – 20 February 2022) was a Uruguayan guerrilla member and politician of the Movement of Popular Participation – Broad Front. He served as Minister of Labour and Social Welfare from 2005 to 2009, and as Minister of the Interior from 2010 to 2020. Since February 15, 2020, he served as Senator of the Republic.

Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (Uruguay)
The Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (Spanish: Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social) of Uruguay is the ministry of the Government of Uruguay that is responsible for conducting and carrying out policies related to labor activity in the country, as well as supervising social and food benefits.

This government department is also responsible for acting as mediator of the parties when there are internal conflicts, and defending the rights of workers and enforcing them by their employers. It is the responsibility of the ministry to control the security conditions in the jobs. The Ministry is headquartered in the Juncal Street in Ciudad Vieja, Montevideo. The current Minister of Labor and Social Welfare is Juan Castillo, who has held the position since March 1, 2025.
Minnesota State Highway 58
Minnesota State Highway 58 (MN 58) is a 23.538-mile-long (37.881 km) highway in southeast Minnesota, which runs from its interchange with U.S. 52 / State Highway 60 (co-signed) in Zumbrota and continues north to its northern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 61 in Red Wing.

U.S. Route 61 in Minnesota
U.S. Highway 61 (US 61) is a U.S. Highway in southeastern and east-central Minnesota, which runs from the Mississippi River Bridge at La Crescent and continues north to its northern terminus at its junction with Interstate 35 (I-35) at the city of Wyoming.

US 61 in Minnesota is 165 miles (266 km) long. It connects the cities of La Crescent, Winona, Wabasha, Lake City, Red Wing, Hastings, Cottage Grove, Saint Paul, Forest Lake, and Wyoming.
Alan Manning
Alan Manning (born 1960) is a British economist and professor of economics at the London School of Economics.

Manning is one of the leading labour economists globally, having made major contributions to the analysis of the imperfections of labour markets, the minimum wage literature, migration, and job polarization.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.
Sargam (1995 film)
Sargam (transl. Melody) is a Pakistani musical Urdu film directed by Syed Noor starring the singer Adnan Sami Khan and Zeba Bakhtiar as their debuts.

The film marked Sami Khan's first and only appearance in any Pakistani film. Additionally, classical musician Maharaj Ghulam Hussain Kathak made a rare acting appearance in this film.

The song 'Woh Mujhey Yaad Aaya' was sung by the Pakistani pop artist Hadiqa Kiyani.

This film won eight Nigar Awards in 1995.

Hadiqa Kiani
Hadiqa Kiani (born 11 August 1972) is a Pakistani singer, songwriter, guitarist, actress, and social worker. She has won many national and international awards. Hadiqa has also performed at famous places like the Royal Albert Hall in the UK and The Kennedy Center in the USA. Along with Urdu and Punjabi, she has also sung songs in various local and international languages.
Pyaasa Sawan
Pyaasa Sawan (transl. The Thirsty Monsoon) is a 1981 Hindi-language drama film, produced by Prasan Kapoor under the Tirupati Pictures Enterprises banner and written and directed by Dasari Narayana Rao. It stars Jeetendra, Reena Roy, Moushmi Chatterji  and music composed by Laxmikant Pyarelal, Lyrics by Santosh Anand.  The film is a remake of Telugu movie Yedanthasthula Meda (1980).

Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Laxmikant–Pyarelal (also known as L-P) were an Indian composer duo, consisting of Laxmikant Shantaram Kudalkar (1937–1998) and Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma (born 1940). In their career span, stretching from 1963 to 1998, they composed music for about 750 movies, working with several prominent film-makers.
Syed Iqbal (politician)
Syed Iqbal (sometimes referred to as Syed Iqbal Syed Khwaja) is an Indian politician affiliated with the Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) faction (often abbreviated as Shiv Sena (UBT)). He serves as the Mayor of Parbhani Municipal Corporation in the state of Maharashtra.

Parbhani City Municipal Corporation
The Parbhani Municipal Corporation is D grade Municipal Corporation of Maharashtra, the governing body of the city of Parbhani, situated beside the Collector Office, and District Court. The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a mayor and administers the city's infrastructure, public services and supplies. Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation.

In 2011 Maharashtra State cabinet decided to elevate Parbhani along with Latur and Chandrapur to municipal corporation as city crossed mark of 3,00,000 population in 2011 census. First election for the Municipal Corporation was conducted in 2012, after the predecessor City Council's term ended.
Parbhani Municipal Corporation has been formed with functions to improve the infrastructure of town.
Best of Luck Laalu
Best Of Luck Laalu, is a 2017 Gujarati drama film produced by Rashmin Majithia under the banner Coconut Motion Pictures and written and directed by Vipul Mehta. In the film, Smit Ganatra plays the role of a SSC student and Supriya Pathak Kapur (Daksha Modi) as his Mother. Music Director duo Sachin–Jigar has composed the film's score and songs.

The film was released in India on 27 October and was immediately declared a box office hit.

Supriya Pathak
Supriya Pathak Kapur (born 7 January 1961) is an Indian actress who works in Gujarati and Hindi films and television. She garnered widespread recognition and acclaim with her portrayal of Hansa Parekh in the Khichdi franchise. She has received several awards, including a Filmfare OTT Award and three Filmfare Awards.
She also featured in the hit TV serial Idhar Udhar in the 1980s.

Younger daughter of actress Dina Pathak, she married her second husband, actor Pankaj Kapur in 1988, with whom she has a daughter and a son. Her sister is actress Ratna Pathak Shah, who is married to actor  Naseeruddin Shah. Actor Shahid Kapoor is her stepson.
Sindh Muslim League
The Sindh Muslim League was an integral pre-independence faction of the All-India Muslim League and later, in the post-independence period, a breakaway faction of the Muslim League led by Muhammad Ayub Khuhro, which existed from 1952 to 1954.

Muhammad Ayub Khuhro
Muhammad Ayub Khuhro (Sindhi: محمد ايوب کهڙو) (14 August 1901 – 1980) was a Pakistani politician who served as the Chief Minister of Sindh for three terms, and as the Defence Minister in the Feroz Khan Noon Ministry.

In 1946, Khuhro was elected by the Sindh Provincial Assembly to be among the three members to represent the province in the Constituent Assembly of India but he abdicated attendance until the Mountbatten Plan sanctioned the creation of Pakistan and its own constituent assembly.

Hamida Khuhro, an academic, is his daughter and has written his biography.