hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metamerism (biology)
In biology, metamerism is the phenomenon of having a linear series of body segments fundamentally similar in structure, though not all such structures are entirely alike in any single life form because some of them perform special functions. In animals, metameric segments are referred to as somites or metameres. In plants, they are referred to as metamers or, more concretely, phytomers.

Phytomer
Phytomers are functional units of a plant, continually produced by root and shoot meristems throughout a plant's vegetative life-cycle. Increases in a phytomer can be measured using the rate of phyllochron (rate of appearance of leaves on a shoot). Related to the phyllochron is the plastochron, which is the rate of leaf primordia initiation. Since many more leaf primordia are initiated than leaves develop, the plastochron develops at a much faster rate (sometimes as much as twice as quickly) as the phyllochron.

Initially, a young plant will only produce phytomers at its apical meristems but later in development, secondary meristems will begin to form and phytomers will be formed on this lateral plant growth.
Wendish Schafkopf
Wendish Schafkopf (German: Wendischer Schafkopf), Wendisch or Wendsch is an old German card game for four players that is still played today. It uses a Schafkopf pack of German-suited cards or a Skat pack of French playing cards.

German-suited playing cards
German-suited playing cards are a very common style of traditional playing card used in many parts of Central Europe characterised by 32- or 36-card packs with the suits of Acorns (Eichel or Kreuz), Leaves (Grün, Blatt, Laub, Pik or Gras), Hearts (Herz or Rot) and Bells (Schelle, Schell or Bolle). The German suit system is one of the oldest, becoming standard around 1450 and, a few decades later, influencing the design of the now international French suit system of Clubs, Spades, Hearts and Diamonds. Today German-suited playing cards are common in south and east Germany, Austria, German-speaking Switzerland, Liechtenstein, north Italy, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, northern Serbia (Vojvodina province), southern Poland and central and western Romania and Siebenbürgen (Romania).
Maxime Ferrari
Dr Jean Désiré Maxime Ferrari, KSS, OBE (French pronunciation: [dʒin deziʁe mæksim ferˈraːri; 27 January 1930 – 29 June 2021) was a politician and former obstetrician who held several different positions in the government of the Seychelles. He was widely regarded as an activist against corrupt governmental practices and a champion of human rights and democracy in the African island nations of the Indian Ocean.

He was most recognised for his role as a Founding Father of the Indian Ocean Commission (La Commission de l'Océan Indien), an intergovernmental organisation designed to strengthen the relationship between the five African Indian Ocean nations, the Seychelles, Mauritius, Comoros, Madagascar and Réunion (an overseas region of France).

In 1985, he became the Regional Representative and Director of the Regional Office for Africa of the United Nations Environment Programme.

Order of St. Sylvester
The Pontifical Equestrian Order of Saint Sylvester (Latin: Ordo Sancti Silvestri Papae, Italian: Ordine di San Silvestro Papa), sometimes referred to as the Sylvestrine Order, or the Pontifical Order of Pope Saint Sylvester, is one of five orders of knighthood awarded directly by the Pope as Supreme Pontiff and head of the Catholic Church and as the Head of State of Vatican City. It is intended to honour Catholic laypeople who are actively involved in the life of the Church, particularly as it is exemplified in the exercise of their professional duties and mastership of the different arts. The order has been bestowed upon members of other Christian denominations as well, in addition to those of other religions.
Coral Smith
Coral Jeanne Smith (born January 19, 1979) is an American former reality television personality, known as a cast member on MTV's The Real World: Back to New York, and for her subsequent appearances on various seasons of The Real World's spin-off show, The Challenge. Her most recent Challenge appearance was on Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet III, which aired in early 2008.

On April 2, 2008, Smith appeared on the first Real World Awards Bash, winning the award for "Roommate You Love To Hate." In 2013, Smith returned to television and MTV as host of The Real World: Portland on-air aftershows and the season's reunion show.

The Real World: Back to New York
The Real World: Back to New York is the tenth season of MTV's reality television series The Real World, which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the second season of The Real World to be filmed in the Mid-Atlantic States region of the United States, specifically in New York after The Real World: New York.

The season featured seven people who lived in a four-floor loft at 632 Hudson Street in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. As its title indicates, Back to New York is the first season to take place in a city that had hosted a previous season, as the show's first season was set in New York in 1992.

The Back to New York season was filmed January 9 to June 2, 2001. It premiered July 3 of that year and consisted of 22 episodes.

The cast appeared in a cover feature in the Fall 2001 issue of Time Out New York.
Go Man Go (radio show)
Go Man Go (occasionally Go Man, Go or Go, Man, Go) featuring David Ede and the Rabin Band was one of British radio's flagship lunchtime pop music shows during the late 1950s and early '60s. The show ran on the BBC Light Programme radio channel in Britain from December 1958 to the end of March 1964 with a total of 256 consecutive weekly episodes (apart from 18 weeks when the show was pre-empted by other events).

BBC Light Programme
The BBC Light Programme was a national radio station which broadcast chiefly mainstream light entertainment and light music from 1945 until 1967, when it was replaced by BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2. It opened on 29 July 1945, taking over the long wave frequency which had earlier been used – prior to the outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939 – by the BBC National Programme.

The service was intended as a domestic replacement for the wartime BBC General Forces Programme which had gained many civilian listeners in Britain as well as members of the British Armed Forces.
Ottoman ironclad Osmaniye
Osmaniye, named for Sultan Osman I, was the lead ship of the Osmaniye class of ironclad warships built for the Ottoman Navy in the 1860s by Robert Napier and Sons of the United Kingdom. A broadside ironclad, Osmaniye carried a battery of fourteen 203 mm (8 in) RML Armstrong guns and ten 36-pounder Armstrongs in a traditional broadside arrangement, with a single 229 mm (9 in) RML as a chase gun. Among the more powerful of Ottoman ironclads, the Navy decided to keep the ship out of the action during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 to preserve the vessel. She spent the 1880s out of service, though she was heavily rebuilt in the early 1890s and converted into a more modern barbette ship. She was nevertheless in poor condition by the time of the Greco-Turkish War in 1897, as a result saw no action, and was disarmed after the war. She remained in commission until 1909 but saw no further service, and was broken up in 1923.

Armstrong gun
An Armstrong gun was a type of rifled breech-loading field and heavy artillery piece designed by Sir William Armstrong. It was first manufactured in England starting in 1855 by the Elswick Ordnance Company and the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. The Armstrong gun employed a distinctive built-up gun construction method. The core of the gun consisted of a wrought iron (and later, mild steel) inner tube, which was reinforced by a series of wrought-iron coils shrunk over it. This design kept the inner tube under constant compression, increasing its strength and resistance to internal pressure generated during firing.
Mario García Kohly
Don Mario García Kohly was a Cuban journalist, author, and politician, who served on the Havana City Council, Presidential Cabinet of Mariano Gómez, the Congress of Cuba, and as the Cuban ambassador to Spain. When President Gerardo Machado was overthrown in 1933, García Kohly ran a failed Presidential campaign against Alberto Herrera Franchi. He was also the chair of the short-lived Havana Symphony Orchestra in 1910, which only performed six performances.

Cuba–Spain relations
The bilateral relations between the Republic of Cuba and the Kingdom of Spain date back to the 15th century. Cuba was a Spanish colony from 1492 up until 1898, when the United States took over the territory in the Spanish–American War. Many Cubans have ancestry from Spain. Many Spaniards escaped the first Spanish Civil War and went to Cuba, and other countries, around 1820–1825.
Cherokee society
Cherokee society is the culture and societal structures shared by the Cherokee people. The Cherokee people are Indigenous to the mountain and inland regions of the southeastern United States in the areas of present-day North Carolina, and historically in South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Northern Mountainous areas, now called the Blue Ridge Mountains of Georgia and its lowlands. The majority of the tribe was forcibly removed to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) in the winter of 1838-1839.

The three federally recognized Cherokee tribes are: the Cherokee Nation (CN); the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (UKB); and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI), consisting of the Cherokees who remained in North Carolina after the Trail of Tears.

United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians
The United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma (ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ or Anigiduwagi Aniyvwiya, abbreviated United Keetoowah Band or UKB) is a federally recognized tribe of Cherokee Native Americans headquartered in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. According to the UKB website, its members are mostly descendants of "Old Settlers" or "Western Cherokees," those Cherokees who migrated from the Southeast to present-day Arkansas and Oklahoma around 1817. Some reports estimate that Old Settlers began migrating west by 1800, before the forced relocation of Cherokees by the United States in the late 1830s under the Indian Removal Act.

Although politically the UKB is not associated with the Trail of Tears, many of the members have direct ancestors who completed the journey in 1838–39.
Yonis Njoh
Yonis Lucien Alexandre Njoh (born 17 January 2004) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for Danish Superliga side Viborg FF, having joined the club following a loan from  Ligue 2 club Pau FC.

Viborg FF
Viborg Fodsports Forening (lit. 'Viborg Footsport Association'), also known as Viborg FF or VFF for short, is a Danish professional football club based in the Central Jutland city of Viborg. They compete in the Danish Superliga, the top tier of Danish football. Nicknamed de Grønne (the Greens), the club was originally founded on 1 April 1896. After more than 100 years of existence, the club won their first and only major trophy in 2000, lifting the Danish Cup.
History of tattooing
Tattooing has been practiced across the globe since at least Neolithic times, as evidenced by mummified preserved skin, ancient art and the archaeological record. Both ancient art and archaeological finds of possible tattoo tools suggest tattooing was practiced by the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe. However, direct evidence for tattooing on mummified human skin extends only to the 4th millennium BCE. The oldest discovery of tattooed human skin to date is found on the body of Ötzi the Iceman, dating to between 3370 and 3100 BCE. Other tattooed mummies have been recovered from at least 49 archaeological sites, including locations in Greenland, Alaska, Siberia, Mongolia, western China, Japan, Egypt, Sudan, the Philippines and the Andes. These include Amunet, Priestess of the Goddess Hathor from ancient Egypt (c. 2134–1991 BCE), multiple mummies from Siberia including the Pazyryk culture of Russia and from several cultures throughout Pre-Columbian South America.

Pazyryk culture
The Pazyryk culture (Russian: Пазырыкская культура Pazyrykskaya kul'tura) is a Saka (Central Asian Scythian) nomadic Iron Age archaeological culture (6th to 3rd centuries BC) identified by excavated artifacts and mummified humans found in the Siberian permafrost, in the Altay Mountains, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. The mummies are buried in long barrows (or kurgans) similar to the tomb mounds of Scythian culture in Ukraine. The type site are the Pazyryk burials of the Ukok Plateau.
Many artifacts and human remains have been found at this location, including the Siberian Ice Princess, indicating a flourishing culture at this location that benefited from the many trade routes and caravans of merchants passing through the area. The Pazyryk are considered to have had a war-like life. The Pazyryk culture was preceded by the "Arzhan culture" (Initial Scythian period, 8th - 7th century BC).
Mr Gay World 2010
Mr Gay World 2010, the 2nd Mr Gay World pageant, was held at the Nedre Vollgate 11, in Oslo, Norway on February 13, 2010. Charl Van Den Berg of South Africa, was crowned Mr Gay World 2010 by outgoing titleholder Max Krzyzanowski from Ireland. 23 countries and territories competed for the title.

Mr Gay World 2009
Mr Gay World 2009, the 1st Mr Gay World pageant, was held in Whistler, Canada on February 8, 2009. Max Krzyzanowski of Ireland was crowned Mr Gay World 2009. 19 countries and territories competed for the first time for the title.
Khusrav Toirov
Khusrav Mirsaidovich Toirov (Tajik: Хусрав Тоиров; born 1 August 2004) is a Tajikistani professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Istiklol, on loan from Shakhtar Donetsk, and the Tajikistan national team.

Tajikistan national football team
The Tajikistan national football team represents Tajikistan in international football and is controlled by the Tajikistan Football Federation, the governing body for football in Tajikistan. Tajikistan's homeground is the Markazii Jumhuriyavii Stadium in Dushanbe.
Wayne Warga
Wayne Philip Warga (January 26, 1938 – April 27, 1994) was an American author, journalist, and foreign correspondent who wrote largely about entertainment and penned several novels.

Warga was a foreign correspondent for Life magazine, covering hotspots from Cuba to East Berlin, was assistant editor of the "Calendar" section of the Los Angeles Times in the 1970s, wrote for the television program USA Today: The Television Show, and was the head writer for Entertainment Tonight/Entertainment This Week.

He later turned to books, writing both non-fiction and fiction. His nonfiction works included Return to Earth (1973) with astronaut Buzz Aldrin, which was later made into a movie, and Natalie: A Memoir by Her Sister (1984) with actress Natalie Wood's sister Lana Wood. Warga also wrote three mysteries: Hardcover (1986), for which he earned a Shamus Award, Fatal Impressions (1989), and Singapore Transfer (1991).

Shamus Award
The Shamus Award is awarded by the Private Eye Writers of America (PWA) for the best detective fiction (P. I. = Private investigator) genre novels and short stories of the year.

The Prize is given annually to recognize outstanding achievement in private eye fiction. Starting in 2003, the Shamus Awards are sometimes (2003, 2007–2009, 2011–2016) announced during the Bouchercon World Mystery Convention, at the convention's PWA Awards Banquet.
Dakota Zoo
The Dakota Zoo is a zoo in Bismarck, North Dakota located on the banks of the Missouri River. It is the third zoo built in North Dakota. The Dakota Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).

Association of Zoos and Aquariums
The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), originally the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA), is an American 501(c)(3)
nonprofit organization founded in 1924 and dedicated to the advancement of zoos and public aquariums in the areas of conservation, education, science, and recreation. AZA is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland, and accredits zoos. There were 238 accredited zoos and aquariums as of 2025, primarily in the US, with a handful in twelve other countries; additionally, the AZA network contains 14 accredited related facilities.
Los Angeles Salsa
The Los Angeles Salsa was an American soccer team based in Los Angeles that played in the American Professional Soccer League (APSL) and the USISL Pro League. The club played on the campus of California State University, Fullerton at Titan Stadium in Orange County, California, from 1993 to 1994. They also played home games at Weingart Stadium on the campus of East Los Angeles College in Monterey Park, California, in 1994 and various high schools in 1995.

The club, founded in 1992, was owned by ophthalmologist William De La Pena and entered the APSL in 1993 as an expansion team. They hosted the APSL Championship, which they lost to the Colorado Foxes; the Salsa played in the 1994 CONCACAF Champions' Cup and were eliminated in the second round. The team left the APSL in January 1995 after plans to play in Mexico's Primera División A fell apart due to opposition from CONCACAF. The Salsa played for one season in the USISL Pro League before folding in 1996.

California State University, Fullerton
California State University, Fullerton (CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public research university in Fullerton, California, United States. With a total enrollment of more than 41,000, it has the largest student body of the California State University (CSU) system, and its graduate student body of more than 5,000 is one of the largest in the CSU and in all of California. As of fall 2016, the school had 2,083 faculty, of whom 782 were on the tenure track. The university offers 109 degree programs: 55 undergraduate degrees and 54 graduate degrees, including 3 doctoral programs.

Cal State Fullerton is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It is also a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution (AANAPISI).

CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans. They compete in the Big West Conference.
Bill Blaikie
William Alexander "Bill" Blaikie PC OC (June 19, 1951 – September 24, 2022) was a Canadian politician. He served as a member of Parliament (MP) from 1979 to 2008, representing Elmwood—Transcona and its antecedent ridings in the House of Commons of Canada for the federal New Democratic Party. Following his retirement from federal politics, he was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 2009 until 2011, representing the Winnipeg division of Elmwood as a member of the New Democratic Party of Manitoba, and served as Minister of Conservation and Government House Leader.

Blaikie had the longest continuous parliamentary record in the 38th and 39th Canadian Parliaments, and in this capacity served as the Dean of the House. He was a member of the King's Privy Council for Canada. Blaikie was the Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada from 2006 to 2008.

Prior to the 2011 Manitoba election, he announced that he was retiring from political life.

Elmwood—Transcona
Elmwood—Transcona (formerly Winnipeg—Transcona) is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. Its population in 2021 was 101,691.
Murdeshwar–Kacheguda Superfast Express
The 12789 / 12790 Murdeshwar – Kacheguda Superfast Express is an Superfast Express train belonging to South Central Railway zone that runs between Murdeshwar and Kacheguda (Hyderabad) in India. It is currently being operated with 12789/12790 train numbers on bi-weekly basis. Earlier the train used run between Mangaluru Central and Kacheguda The train got extended till Murdeshwar With effect from 11th October 2024.

Mangalore Central railway station
Mangalore Central railway station (officially Mangaluru Central railway station)(station code: MAQ) is an NSG–2 category Indian railway station in Palakkad railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is the main railway terminus in the city of Mangalore, Karnataka and provides connectivity for Konkan Railway and South Western Railway. It is one of the five central railway stations of India.
Double Dare (Darey album)
Double Dare (Heartbeat) is the third studio album by Nigerian R&B and Afro-soul artist Darey. It was released on 28 February 2011 by Soul Muzik. The album is a double album, with the first disc, Heart focusing on mid-tempo highlife songs fused with R&B, and the second disc, Beat leaning towards up-tempo electronic dance tracks and pop music. Heart has no features, while Beat features guest appearances from Timaya, Mo'Cheddah, Chamillionaire, 9ice, P-Square, Jesse Jagz and Password with production work handled by notable producers such as Del B, eLDee, Wayne McNeish, Don Jazzy, Password and Cobhams Asuquo.

Don Jazzy
Michael Collins Ajereh (born 26 November 1982), known professionally as Don Jazzy, is a Nigerian music executive, record producer, singer, songwriter, businessman, and philanthropist. He founded the record label Mavin Records in 2012, as a subsidiary of Mavin Global Holdings, through which he has signed artists including Rema, Ayra Starr, Magixx, Bayanni, Johnny Drille, Ladipoe, Lifesize Teddy, DJ Big N, and Boy Spyce. He co-founded Mo' Hits Records with D'banj in 2004, and was an in-house producer for Kanye West's GOOD Music from 2011 to 2013.
String change
On string instruments, a string change is a change from playing on one string to another. This may also involve a simultaneous change in fingering and/or position (shift), all of which must be done skillfully to avoid noticeable string noise. String may be indicated through Roman numerals (I-IV) or simply the string's base note's letter (e.g. A, E, G, etc.), fingering may be indicated through numbers for the fingers (1-4), and position may be indicated through ordinal numbers (e.g. 2nd). When two strings are played at the same time it is a double stop.

Position (music)
On a string instrument, position is the relative location of the hand on the instrument's neck, indicated by ordinal numbers (e.g., 3rd). Fingering, independent of position, is indicated by numbers, 1-4. Different positions on the same string are reached through shifting.

With experience, string players become accustomed to the required shape and position of the left hand. Some positions are located relative to certain touch references, or landmarks on the instrument. For example, fourth position on the cello (used in the example below) has the player's thumb resting in the "saddle" of the neck root. Similarly, higher positions on the violin make use of the instrument's "shoulder" (treble-side edge of the top's upper bout) as a touch reference. Some electric string instruments, without a traditionally shaped body, still incorporate a reference feature imitating that shoulder's shape.