hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lilly Appelbaum Malnik
Lilly Appelbaum Malnik (born 5 November 1928) is a Belgian-American Holocaust survivor who helped create the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. She was captured by Nazi soldiers in 1944, during the German occupation of Belgium, and was imprisoned at the Mechelen transit camp in Belgium, Auschwitz concentration camp in occupied Poland, and the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany. She was liberated from Bergen-Belsen in April 1945 by the British Army. Malnik's mother, two siblings, aunt and uncle, and grandaunt and granduncle were all killed during The Holocaust in Belgium. After World War II, she emigrated to the United States and was reunited with her father. She married Abraham Malnik, a Soviet Holocaust survivor, and they assisted in the founding of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. With her granddaughter, the American social media content creator Miriam Ezagui, Malnik has made TikTok videos detailing life in concentration camps.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust, dedicated to the documentation, study, and interpretation of the Holocaust. Opened in 1993, the museum explores the Holocaust through permanent and traveling exhibitions, educational programs, survivor testimonies and archival collections. The USHMM was created to help leaders and citizens of the world confront hatred, prevent genocide, promote human dignity, and strengthen democracy.
1849 Kresák
1849 Kresák (prov. designation: 1942 AB) is a carbonaceous Eos asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 24 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in the middle of World War II on 14 January 1942. The asteroid was later named after Slovak astronomer Ľubor Kresák.

Eos family
The Eos family (adj. Eoan /iːˈoʊən/; FIN: 606) is a very large asteroid family located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. This family of K-type asteroids is believed to have formed as a result of an ancient catastrophic collision. The family's parent body is the asteroid 221 Eos.
Cape lobster
The Cape lobster (Homarinus capensis) is a species of small lobster that lives off the coast of South Africa, from Dassen Island to Haga Haga. Only a few dozen specimens are known, mostly regurgitated by reef-dwelling fish. It lives in rocky reefs, and is thought to lay large eggs that have a short larval phase, or that hatch directly as a juvenile. The species grows to a total length of 10 cm (3.9 in), and resembles a small European or American lobster; it was previously included in the same genus, Homarus, although it is not very closely related to those species, and is now considered to form a separate, monotypic genus – Homarinus. Its closest relatives are the genera Thymops and Thymopides.

Lobster
Lobsters are malacostracan decapod crustaceans of the family Nephropidae or its synonym Homaridae. They have long bodies with muscular tails and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others. Highly prized as seafood, lobsters are economically important and are often one of the most profitable commodities in the coastal areas they populate.

Commercially important species include two species of Homarus from the northern Atlantic Ocean and scampi (which look more like a shrimp, or a "mini lobster")—the Northern Hemisphere genus Nephrops and the Southern Hemisphere genus Metanephrops.
Arsenal tube station
Arsenal is a London Underground station, located in Highbury, London. It is on the Piccadilly line, between Holloway Road and Finsbury Park stations. It is in London fare zone 2.

Originally known as Gillespie Road, the station was renamed in 1932 after Arsenal Football Club, who at the time played at the nearby Highbury Stadium. It is the only tube station named directly after a football club. Although Highbury Stadium closed in 2006, the station retains its name and is still used by spectators attending matches at Arsenal's nearby Emirates Stadium.

Finsbury Park station
Finsbury Park (/ˈfɪnzbri ˈpɑːk/) is an intermodal interchange station in North London for London Underground, National Rail and London Buses services. The station, which is in London fare zone 2, is the third busiest Underground station outside zone 1, with over 33 million passengers using the station in 2019.
Rachel Crellin
Rachel Crellin is an archaeologist who specialises in archaeological theory and the prehistory of the British Isles. She joined the University of Leicester in 2015, and is an Associate Professor of Archaeology. She is also a metalwork wear-analyst. In 2020 she delivered the Prehistoric Society's annual Sarah Champion Memorial Lecture and in 2021 she delivered the Royal Anthropological Institute's Curl Lecture.

Sara Champion
Sara Champion (nee Hermon) (11 November 1946 – 14 May 2000) was a British archaeologist with an interest in the European Iron Age and the role and visibility of women working in archaeology. She was editor of PAST, the newsletter of The Prehistoric Society from 1997 until her death in 2000. The Prehistoric Society hosts an annual Sara Champion Memorial Lecture.
Umeda
Umeda (Japanese: 梅田) is a major commercial, business, shopping and entertainment district in Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan, where the city's main northern railway termini (Ōsaka Station, Umeda Station) are located. The district's name means "plum field".

Umeda Station
Umeda Station (梅田駅, Umeda-eki) is a major railway station in Kita-ku in the northern commercial center of Osaka, Japan. It is the busiest station in western Japan, serving 2,343,727 passengers daily in 2005.

Umeda Station is served by the following railways:

Hankyu Railway (Kōbe Line, Kyōto Line, Takarazuka Line) - Osaka-umeda Station

Hanshin Electric Railway (Main Line) - Osaka Umeda Station

Osaka Metro (Midōsuji Line, Station number: M16)

The freight terminal of Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight) (Umeda Freight Branch of Tōkaidō Main Line), closed in 2013, was also called Umeda. Portions of this line was moved underground in 2023.

The nearby stations Ōsaka (JR West), Kitashinchi (JR West Tōzai Line), Nishi-Umeda (Osaka Subway Yotsubashi Line, Y11) and Higashi-Umeda (Osaka Subway Tanimachi Line, T20) are within walking distance and connected by a large complex of underground malls.
Dostoevskaya (Moscow Metro)
Dostoevskaya (Russian: Достоевскаяpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station in the Meshchansky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line, between Maryina Roshcha and Trubnaya stations.

Dostoevskaya opened on 19 June 2010 as a part of the northern line extension along with Maryina Roshcha station.

The station has two exits. One is near the building of the Russian Army Theatre, the other leads to Suvorovskaya Square.

Maryina Roshcha (Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line)
Maryina Roshcha (Russian: Марьина рощаpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station of Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line. It opened on 19 June 2010 and, until 2016, was the northern terminus of the line. The station is in the Maryina Roshcha District of Moscow, north of downtown.

The extension northwest to Petrovsko-Razumovskaya via Butyrskaya and Fonvizinskaya was originally planned to be opened in December 2015. The projected opening date was later shifted to 2016. The extension was finally opened on 16 September 2016.

By 2023, a transfer to the Bolshaya Koltsevaya line is planned to be completed, at eponymous station.
Prince Franz Josef of Liechtenstein (1962–1991)
Prince Franz Josef of Liechtenstein (Franz Josef Wenceslaus Georg Maria; 19 November 1962 – 28 February 1991), popularly known as Prince Wenzel, was a member of Liechtenstein princely family. He was the youngest son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein and his wife, Countess Georgina von Wilczek, and thus younger brother of Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein.

Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
Hans-Adam II (Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marco d'Aviano Pius; born 14 February 1945) is the Prince of Liechtenstein, reigning since 1989. As a member of the Liechtenstein princely family, he also holds the title of Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf and Count of Rietberg.

The eldest child of Prince Franz Joseph II and Countess Georgina von Wilczek, Hans-Adam was educated at Schottengymnasium in Austria and in Lyceum Alpinum Zuoz in Switzerland. He then worked as a bank trainee in London before enrolling at the University of St. Gallen to study business administration, where Hans-Adam graduated with a licentiate in 1969. In 1984, Prince Franz Joseph handed over power and everyday duties of the monarch to Hans-Adam, with Hans-Adam thus becoming regent, while his father the nominal monarch. Following his father's death in 1989, Hans-Adam officially ascended to the throne.
Ernest Ranglin
Ernest Adheir "Ernie" Ranglin OJ OD (born 19 June 1932) is a Jamaican guitarist and composer who established his career while working as a session guitarist and music director for various Jamaican record labels, including Studio One and Island Records. Ranglin played guitar on many early ska recordings and helped create the rhythmic guitar style that defined the form. He has worked with Theophilus Beckford, Jimmy Cliff, Monty Alexander, Prince Buster, the Skatalites, Bob Marley and the Eric Deans Orchestra. Ranglin is noted for a chordal and rhythmic approach that blends jazz, mento and reggae with percussive guitar solos incorporating rhythm 'n' blues and jazz inflections.

Order of Jamaica
The Order of Jamaica is the fifth of the six orders in the Jamaican honours system. The Order was established in 1969, and it is considered the equivalent of a knighthood in the British honours system.

Membership in the Order can be conferred upon any Jamaican citizen of outstanding distinction. Honorary membership in the Order can be conferred upon any distinguished citizen of a country other than Jamaica.

Members and Honorary Members are entitled to:

wear the insignia of the Order as a decoration,

be styled "The Honourable",

use the post-nominal letters "OJ" (for Members) or "OJ (Hon.)" (for Honorary Members).

The motto of the Order is "For a covenant of the people".
James Broad
James Broad (January 27, 1958 – November 20, 2001) was an American heavyweight boxer who was a Notable Contender throughout the 1980s, who beat Future World Champion James Smith and gave Heavyweight Champion Greg Page a very tough fight only losing by Majority Decision. He won the NABF heavyweight title and was a regular sparring partner of a peak Mike Tyson. He fought the likes of James Smith, Razor Ruddock, Tony Tucker, Tim Witherspoon, Johnny du Plooy, Francesco Damiani, and Greg Page.

Greg Page (boxer)
Greg Page (October 25, 1958 – April 27, 2009) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1979 to 2001, and held the WBA heavyweight title from 1984 to 1985. He outpointed Heavyweight World Champions Tim Witherspoon, James Smith and knocked Gerrie Coetzee out. He was also a regular sparring partner for Mike Tyson, famously knocking down the then-undefeated world champion during a 1990 session.
University training credit
University training credit (credito formativo universitario (Italian), or CFU) is a method used in Italian universities to measure the workload required of the student to obtain a degree. It's a course credit system of Italy.

They constitute a simplification regarding the recognition of exams taken in other Italian or European universities (for example within the Erasmus programme) and are transferable through the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS).

Course credit
A course credit is a measure of the size of an educational course, often used to determine whether the requirements for an award have been met, to facilitate transfer between institutions, or to enhance intercomparability of qualifications. Credit may be input-based, defined by the quantity and notional time of instruction given – or outcome-based, such as learning outcomes or summative assessments.
Sandra Church
Sandra Church (born January 13, 1937) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her performance as the original Gypsy Rose Lee in Gypsy (1959), for which she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. She also co-starred with Marlon Brando in The Ugly American (1963).

Gypsy Rose Lee
Gypsy Rose Lee (born Rose Louise Hovick, January 8, 1911 – April 26, 1970) was an American burlesque entertainer, stripper, actress, author, playwright and vedette, famous for her striptease act. Her 1957 memoir, Gypsy: A Memoir, was adapted into the 1959 stage musical Gypsy.
1st Pondicherry Representative Assembly
After the de facto merger on 1 November 1954 and before the legal integration with the Indian Union on 16 August 1962, general elections were held in 1955 and 1959. In January 1955, The Indian union government renamed the French settlements in India as State of Pondicherry by passing an order.: 20  The previous assembly that was elected during French rule was dissolved on 13 June 1955 and the first general elections to the Pondicherry Representative Assembly were held in next month from 18 to 23 July for 39 constituencies. The election were held on the basis of adult franchise under the State of Pondicherry (Representation of the People  French: Représentation du peuple) Order, 1955 which prescribed the rules and regulations for the conduct of elections, more or less on the pattern adopted in the Indian Union.

Pondicherry Representative Assembly
After the merger of French settlements into an Indian union, a new assembly, named the Pondicherry Representative Assembly, was created by the government of India. After the "de facto transfer day" of 1 October 1954, before 16 August 1962 also referred to as "de-jure transfer day". During this transition period, general elections to the representative assembly were held in 1955 and 1959. After the de-jure transfer day, legal integration of French settlements into the Indian Union was complete. However, this assembly, like its predecessor, was advisory (to the chief commissioner) in its role, which led to frequent contention between the popular government and the chief commissioner.
Mélusine Ruspoli
Donna Mathilda Mélusine dei Principi Ruspoli (born 25 July 1994), also known as Princess Melusine Ruspoli, is a French-born Italian socialite, model, voice actress, and fashion influencer. She is the daughter of Alessandro Ruspoli, 9th Prince of Cerveteri and a member of House of Ruspoli. Ruspoli made her modelling debut in 2014 as one of the faces of Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A.'s Fiamma campaign. She made her runway debut walking for Dolce & Gabbana at Milan Fashion Week in 2017.

Ruspoli family
The House of Ruspoli is an Italian noble family originally from Florence that became one of the great aristocratic families of Rome. Part of the black nobility, the family was elevated to princely status, as the Princes of Cerveteri, by Pope Clement XI in 1709. In 1721, the family was elevated to the status of Roman princes in the Papal States. The head of the family traditionally serves in the Pontifical Household as the Grand Master of the Sacred Apostolic Hospice.
Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists
The Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists (Russian: Боевая организация анархо-коммунистов, romanized: Boyevaya organizatsiya anarkho-kommunistov; BOAK) is a militant anarcho-communist organization in Eastern Europe, part of the Belarusian and Russian partisan movement. It aims for social revolution and a libertarian socialist society. Since the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, it has sabotaged railway infrastructure in Russia and Belarus, as well as attacking Russian military commissariats and telecommunications. According to The Insider, the group has become "the most active 'subversive' force" in Russia since the war began.

Russian military commissariats attacks
A series of Molotov cocktail arson attacks and shootings took place in Russian military commissariat registration and enlistment offices following the start of the country's invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Other governmental buildings were also attacked in multiple regions of Russia. Part of the Russian partisan and anti-war movements, the attacks were spurred by several factors, including the invasion of Ukraine, the deployment of Russian conscripts to the front line, the start of spring conscription, and rumors about possible mobilization in the country, which were later found to be true.

Commissariat offices recruit servicemen to the Russian Army and choose who is eligible and ineligible for service. The attacks were not a single coordinated campaign; and were led by a variety of people, from left-wing anarchists and scammers to far-right groups and assorted lone wolf actors.
Dewaitha
Dewaitha (also written as Diwaitha, Divaitha or Deoitha)  is a village of Dildarnagar Kamsar,in Zamania tehsil of Ghazipur, India, located on the banks of the Karmanasa River and it's tributary Eknaiya, The village had a population of 7,104 as of the 2011 Census of India. The place is inhabited by Kamsar Pathans. .

Zamania
Zamania is a town in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Its municipal council is subordinate to the Ghazipur District. It is also the administrative head of Zamania tehsil,. It is also a very historical town, it derives its name from Ali Quli Khan Zaman, who was also known as Khan Zaman or Zaman Khan, he was a governor of Jaunpur, and Ghazipur during the time of Akbar.
German submarine U-171
German submarine U-171 was a Type IXC U-boat of Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. It was laid down on 1 December 1940 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard at Bremen as yard number 1011, launched on 22 July 1941, and commissioned on 25 October 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Günther Pfeffer.

After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla, U-171 was transferred to the 10th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 July 1942. It was sent to patrol in the Gulf of Mexico. It was sunk by a naval mine in the Bay of Biscay 115 days into its first and only patrol, whilst returning to Lorient in occupied France, with the loss of 22 of its crew of 54. For many years it was believed U-166 was sunk by an American aircraft in what was, in reality, an unsuccessful attack on U-171 in the Gulf of Mexico.

German submarine U-166 (1941)
German submarine U-166 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 6 December 1940 at the Seebeckwerft (part of Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, Deschimag) at Wesermünde (modern Bremerhaven) as yard number 705, launched on 1 November 1941, and commissioned on 23 March 1942 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Günther Kuhlmann. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla, U-166 was transferred to the 10th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 June 1942. The U-boat sailed on only two war patrols and sank four ships totalling 7,593 gross register tons (GRT). She was sunk on 30 July 1942 in the Gulf of Mexico.
Laricoideae
The Laricoideae are a subfamily of the Pinaceae, a Pinophyta division family. They take their name from the genus Larix (larches), which contains inside most of the species of the group and is one of only two deciduous genera of the pines complex (together with Pseudolarix, which however belongs to a different subfamily, the Abietoideae). Ecologically important trees, the Laricoideae form pure or mixed forest associations often dominant in the ecosystems in which they are present, thanks also to their biological adaptations to natural disturbances, to reproductive strategies put in place and high average longevity of the individuals. Currently are assigned to this subfamily three genera (Larix, Pseudotsuga and Cathaya) and its members can be found only in Northern Hemisphere. The various species live for the most part in temperate or cold climates and are the more northerly conifers; some constitute an important source of timber and non-timber forest products.

Abietoideae
Abietoideae is a subfamily of the conifer family Pinaceae. The name is from the genus Abies (firs), which contains most of the species in the genus. Six genera are currently assigned to this subfamily: Abies, Cedrus, Keteleeria, Nothotsuga, Pseudolarix, and Tsuga. The group was formerly treated as a separate family, the Abietaceae, by some plant taxonomy systems, such as the Wettstein system.
Stinking Bishop
Stinking Bishop is a washed-rind cheese produced since 1972 by Charles Martell and Son at Hunts Court Farm, Dymock, Gloucestershire, in the west of England. It is made from the milk of Old Gloucester cattle.

Washed-rind cheese
Washed-rind or smear-ripened cheeses are cheeses which are periodically treated with brine or mold-bearing agents. This encourages the growth of certain bacteria on their surfaces which give them distinctive flavors. There are hard and soft washed-rind cheeses. The softer ones are sometimes distinguished as "smear-ripened". Conversely, the term "washed-rind" is sometimes reserved only for the hard ones.
Melaleuca ringens
Melaleuca ringens is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It shares some features with Melaleuca diosmifolia but has creamy yellow flower spikes (rather than yellow-green) and a lower, more spreading form.

Melaleuca diosmifolia
Melaleuca diosmifolia is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has also become naturalised in Victoria (Australia) Australia. It is unusual for its genus in that the flowers are green, which partly accounts for its popularity as a garden plant. It is only distantly related to Melaleuca diosmatifolia although its species name has a similar etymology.
Golden Hair (fairy tale)
"Golden Hair"  (Russian: Золотой волос, romanized: Zolotoj volos, lit. "a golden hair") is a Bashkir folk tale collected and reworked by Pavel Bazhov.  It was first published in 1939 in the children's stories almanac Zolotye Zyorna released by Sverdlovsk Publishing House.  It was later released as a part of The Malachite Casket collection. It was translated from Russian into English by Alan Moray Williams in 1944.

The story introduces Poloz the Great Snake's daughter.

Pavel Bazhov
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (Russian: Па́вел Петро́вич Бажо́в; 27 January 1879 – 3 December 1950) was a Russian writer and publicist.

Bazhov is best known for his collection of fairy tales The Malachite Box, based on Ural folklore and published in the Soviet Union in 1939. In 1944, a translation of the collection into English was published in New York City and London. Later Sergei Prokofiev created the ballet The Tale of the Stone Flower based on one of the tales. Bazhov was also the author of several books on the Russian Revolution and the Civil War. Yegor Gaidar, who served as Prime Minister of Russia, was his grandson.
Upavon
Upavon is a rural village and civil parish in the county of Wiltshire, England.  As its name suggests, it is on the upper portion of the River Avon which runs from north to south through the village.  It is on the north edge of Salisbury Plain about 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Pewsey, 10 miles (16 km) southeast of the market town of Devizes, and 20 miles (32 km) north of the cathedral city of Salisbury.  The A345 and A342 roads run through the village.

Pewsey
Pewsey is a village and civil parish at the centre of the Vale of Pewsey in Wiltshire, about 6 miles (10 km) south of Marlborough and 71 miles (114 km) west-southwest of London. It is within reach of the M4 motorway and the A303 and is served by Pewsey railway station on the Reading to Taunton line.

The parish includes the settlements of Kepnal to the east, Pewsey Wharf (on the Kennet and Avon Canal) to the north, Sharcott to the west, and Southcott on the south-east.