hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arnold Monto
Arnold Monto (born March 22, 1933) is an American physician and epidemiologist. At the University of Michigan School of Public Health, Monto is the Thomas Francis, Jr. Collegiate Professor Emeritus of Public Health, a professor emeritus of both epidemiology and global public health, and a co-director of the Michigan Center for Respiratory Virus Research & Response. His research focuses on the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of viral respiratory tract infections in industrialized and developing countries' populations.

Thomas Francis Jr.
Thomas Francis Jr. (July 15, 1900 –  October 1, 1969) was an American physician, virologist, and epidemiologist who guided the discovery and development of the polio vaccine being worked on by his student Jonas Salk. Francis was the first person to isolate influenza virus in the United States, and in 1940 showed that there are other strains of influenza, and took part in the development of influenza vaccines.
Woolooware
Woolooware is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Woolooware is located 24 kilometres (15 mi) south of the Sydney central business district in the Sutherland Shire. It shares the 2230 postcode with Cronulla.

Woolooware stretches from Woolooware Bay in the north on the Georges River estuary to Burraneer Bay and Gunnamatta Bay in the south on the Hacking River and Port Hacking estuary. It borders the suburbs of Cronulla, Caringbah, Burraneer and Kurnell.

Caringbah
Caringbah is a suburb in Southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Caringbah is 24 kilometres (15 mi) south of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of Sutherland Shire.

Caringbah once stretched from Woolooware Bay on the Georges River to Yowie Bay and Burraneer Bay on the Port Hacking estuary. A number of Caringbah localities have been declared as separate suburbs but still share the postcode 2229. These suburbs include Taren Point to the north on the Georges River, and Port Hacking, Lilli Pilli, Dolans Bay and Caringbah South, located on the Port Hacking River to the south.
Acephalgic migraine
Acephalgic migraine (also called migraine aura without headache, amigrainous migraine, isolated visual migraine, optical migraine, and silent migraine) is a neurological syndrome. It is a relatively uncommon variant of migraine in which the patient may experience some migraine symptoms such as  aura, nausea, photophobia, and hemiparesis, but does not experience headache. It is generally classified as an event fulfilling the conditions of migraine with aura with no (or minimal) headache. It is sometimes distinguished from visual-only migraine aura without headache, also called ocular migraine.

ICHD classification and diagnosis of migraine
The classification of all headaches, including migraines, is organized by the International Headache Society, and published in the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD). The current version, the ICHD-3 beta, was published in 2013.

The first category within the ICHD is Migraine. Migraines in general are considered to be a neurological syndrome. It is estimated that 11% (303 million) of the global population, including 43 million Europeans and 28 million Americans, experience migraines.
Beatmania IIDX 18 Resort Anthem
Beatmania IIDX 18 Resort Anthem is a music video game in the Beatmania IIDX series of games by Konami. On April 19, 2010, Bemani fansite Zenius -I- Vanisher reported that Konami had announced the first location test for the newest game in the IIDX series. The location test ran from April 22 to April 26 at the Cat's Eye Machida (キャッツアイ町田) in Machida, Tokyo. Follow-up location tests ran in Chōfu, Tokyo and Kyoto from April 30 to May 6, in Nagoya and Sapporo from May 14 to May 20 and in Chiyoda, Tokyo from June 11 to June 12. The game was released on September 15, 2010, This Beatmania iteration's theme focuses heavily on a futuresque modern relaxation and tropical beach resort concert-like setting, with the interface making use of sleek mechanical components with simple whites and bright colors that are easy on the eyes.

Beatmania IIDX
Beatmania IIDX (Japanese: ビートマニア ツーディーエックス, Hepburn: Bītomania Tsū Di Ekkusu) (IIDX) is a series of rhythm video games, that was first released by Konami in Japan on 26 February 1999. Beatmania IIDX has since spawned 33 arcade releases and 14 console releases on the Sony PlayStation 2. It is the sequel to the beatmania game series, and is part of the Bemani line of music games.

Initially conceived and developed as a sequel to Beatmania, Konami released Beatmania IIDX in Japan in 1999. The development team designed the game to simulate the experience of a DJ performing at a real venue, and gave the cabinet a "club Visual Jockey style." While its predecessor used five keys, IIDX had seven of them, increasing the games complexity and skill ceiling. The larger controller was integrated into the cabinet alongside a larger 40-inch widescreen monitor, dual speakers, and spotlights to replicate the feeling of performing at a live venue.
El Solar de Estrada
The Solar de Estrada, also known as Campo de Estrada, was a piece of land used as a football pitch by Madrid FC in its early years in 1900. It is best known for being regarded as the first settlement in the beginnings of Madrid FC, who were not even an official club at that time, playing several friendly games on this field before moving to Tiro del Pichón and Campo de Jorge Juan.

It was one of the fields that the club had at its inception, a period in which it was not yet duly legalized and in which the various existing clubs in the capital wandered from one field to another because there was not a proper venue for its practice. The venue took the name of its owner, Claudio Estrada, who was one of the members of the club, a marble worker, and father-in-law of the very first (unofficial) president of the club, Julián Palacios.

Tiro del Pichón
Tiro del Pichón (Spanish: Pigeon Hit), also known as Campo del Retiro (Retiro), or Campo de la Rana (Spanish: Frogs Field), was the first football pitch of Real Madrid between 1901 and 1902. They were not an official club at that time, playing friendly games on this field. Meetings were held there until 1903, the date the entity moved to the Campo de Jorge Juan.

The main team at this stadium was Atlético Madrid. They used this field between 1902 and 1913 before moving to Campo de O'Donnell from 1913 to 1923. Atlético Madrid's Campo de O'Donnell had the same name as Real Madrid's Campo de O'Donnell for 10 years because their locations were very close to each other, less than 200 meters on the main boulevard called Calle de O'Donnell.

Tiro del Pichón hosted three Spanish Cup finals: 1904, 1905, and 1910.
Greenstead Green and Halstead Rural
Greenstead Green and Halstead Rural is a civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England. The parish was created in 1894 from the rural parts of the old parish of Halstead, and covers areas to the north, west, and south of the town. The largest settlement in the parish is the village of Greenstead Green. Other settlements in the parish include the hamlets of Burton's Green, Plaistow Green, and Whiteash Green. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 665.

In addition to Halstead, the other neighbouring parishes are Coggeshall, Colne Engaine, Earls Colne, Gosfield, Great Maplestead, Little Maplestead, Pebmarsh, Sible Hedingham and Stisted.

Braintree District
Braintree District is a local government district in Essex, England. The district is named after the town of Braintree, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Halstead and Witham and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Colchester, Maldon, Chelmsford, Uttlesford, South Cambridgeshire, West Suffolk, and Babergh.
British Rail Class 18
The British Rail Class 18 is a class of hybrid locomotives designed and built by the British railway locomotive manufacturer Clayton Equipment Company in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire. It has also been referred to as the CBD90 Hybrid+ by Clayton and private railway customers.

The Class 18 was first revealed as the CBD90 during mid-2019; initial customers were typically operators of private railways, such as steelworks and nuclear power plants. In May 2020, the type was ordered by the rolling stock leasing company Beacon Rail, it has been envisaged as a successor to the 1950s era Class 08 and Class 09 shunters. The Class 18 is primarily battery-powered, being recharged either via track-side mains power supplies, regenerative braking, or its onboard diesel generator. A three-month trial using the first example of the type was conducted by the train operator GB Railfreight during early 2022.

British Rail Class 08
The British Rail Class 08 is a class of diesel–electric shunting locomotives built by British Railways (BR). As the standard BR general-purpose diesel shunter, the class became a familiar sight at major stations and freight yards. Since their introduction in 1952, however, the nature of rail traffic in Britain has changed considerably. Freight trains are now mostly fixed rakes of wagons, and passenger trains are mostly multiple units or have driving van trailers, neither requiring the attention of a shunting locomotive. Consequently, a large proportion of the class has been withdrawn from mainline use and stored, scrapped, exported or sold to industrial or heritage railways.

As of 2020, around 100 locomotives remained working on industrial sidings and on the main British railway network. On heritage railways, they have become particularly common, appearing on many of the preserved standard-gauge lines in Britain, with over 80 preserved, including the first one built.
Alfred Webb
Alfred John Webb (10 June 1834 – 30 July 1908) was an Irish Quaker from a family of activist printers. He became an Irish Parliamentary Party politician and Member of Parliament (MP), as well as a participant in nationalist movements around the world. He supported Butt's Home Government Association and the United Irish League. At Madras in 1894, he became the third non-Indian (after George Yule and William Wedderburn) to preside over the Indian National Congress.

William Wedderburn
Sir William Wedderburn, 4th Baronet, JP DL (25 March 1838 – 25 January 1918) was a British civil servant and politician who was a Liberal Party member of Parliament (MP). Wedderburn was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress. He was also the president of Congress in 1889 and 1910, for the Allahabad session.
Claude Richmond
Claude Harry Richmond (born August 3, 1935) is a former Canadian politician who served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, representing the riding of Kamloops from 1981 to 1991 as part of the British Columbia Social Credit Party (Socred), and from 2001 to 2009 as part of the British Columbia Liberal Party. He held various cabinet positions under premiers Bill Bennett, Bill Vander Zalm, Rita Johnston and Gordon Campbell, and served as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2005.

Rita Johnston
Rita Margaret Johnston (born April 22, 1935; née Leichert) is a Canadian politician in British Columbia. Johnston became the first female premier in Canadian history when she succeeded Bill Vander Zalm in 1991 to become the 29th premier of British Columbia, serving for seven months.

The daughter of John Leichert and Annie Chyzzy, she was educated in Vancouver. In 1951, she married George Johnston.

Much of her early life was spent running a trailer park in the city of Surrey, British Columbia.
LEPOR
LEPOR (Length Penalty, Precision, n-gram Position difference Penalty and Recall) is an automatic language independent machine translation evaluation metric with tunable parameters and reinforced factors.

Evaluation of machine translation
Various methods for the evaluation for machine translation have been employed. This article focuses on the evaluation of the output of machine translation, rather than on performance or usability evaluation.
Polanco metro station
Polanco metro station is a station of the Mexico City Metro in the city's borough of Miguel Hidalgo. It is an underground stop with two side platforms serving Line 7 (Orange Line), between San Joaquín and Auditorio. It was opened on 20 December 1984, providing service north toward Tacuba and southwest toward Auditorio.

Polanco metro station services the colonia (neighborhood) of Polanco, one of the most expensive shopping districts in the country, and is named after it. The pictogram depicts the clock tower at nearby Lincoln Park. The station is one of the deepest on the network, and the facilities offer partial accessibility for people with disabilities, including elevators. In addition to escalators, commuters can use the staircases, including a giant piano-shaped set equipped with motion sensors that play key sounds whenever the steps are used. In 2025, the station had an average daily ridership of 33,463 passengers, making it the 17th busiest station in the network.

Tacuba metro station
Tacuba is a station of the Mexico City Metro. It is  located in the Tacuba district of the Miguel Hidalgo borough, to the west of downtown Mexico City. It lies along Lines 2 and 7.

The station logo depicts three flowers, as its name comes from the Nahuatl language word tlacopan, that which means "land of flowers". It refers to the ancient Tepanec kingdom of Tlacopan that existed in the area in pre-Columbian times.

This transfer station was previously the terminal for Metro Line 2 and opened for service along that line on 14 September 1970.  Service was extended westward along Line 2 from Tacuba to Panteones and Cuatro Caminos on 22 August 1984. Line 7 opened up through Tacuba on 20 December 1984. The station transfers not only to Line 7 but also to a nearby mini-bus base, which serves boroughs Azcapotzalco and Miguel Hidalgo. Within the station facilities there is a cultural display and an information desk.
Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov
Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov (Bulgarian: Александър Панайотов Александров; born December 1, 1951) is a retired Bulgarian cosmonaut. He is the second Bulgarian to have flown to space, behind Georgi Ivanov.

Georgi Ivanov (cosmonaut)
Major general Georgi Ivanov Kakalov (Bulgarian: Георги Иванов Какалов; born July 2, 1940) is a Bulgarian former military officer who was the first Bulgarian cosmonaut. He was a member of the National Assembly of Bulgaria in 1990.
Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway locomotives
This article gives details of the locomotives used on the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway, a  15 in (381 mm)  narrow gauge preserved railway line running for 7 miles (11 km) from Ravenglass on the Cumbrian coast to Dalegarth near the village of Boot, in Eskdale.

Dalegarth railway station
Dalegarth railway station is the easterly terminus of the 15-inch gauge Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway in the English county of Cumbria. It has a café and shop for passengers, along with a run-round loop, turntable and siding for trains.

The station is situated near the village of Boot in the civil parish of Eskdale and the Lake District National Park. It lies between the Whillan Beck, a tributary of the River Esk, and the road from Ravenglass to Windermere, via the Hardknott and Wrynose passes.
Martin Peudargent
Martin Peudargent (or Peu d'argent, also Martin von Huy; Huy, c. 1510-1570s) was a Flemish composer and chapel master of William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg in Düsseldorf.

Mainly motets survive from Peudargents hand. His motetcollection from 1555 is known as the first music to ever be printed in Düsseldorf. Peudargents musical style is typical for the Flemish school and closely resembles that of composers such as Clemens non Papa, even though Peudargent sticks less to Gregorian modes and strives towards a stronger textual expression.

Jacobus Clemens non Papa
Jacobus Clemens non Papa (also Jacques Clément or Jacob Clemens non Papa) (c. 1510 to 1515 – 1555 or 1556) was a Netherlandish composer of the Renaissance based for most of his life in Flanders. He was a prolific composer in many of the current styles, and was especially famous for his polyphonic settings of the psalms in Dutch known as the Souterliedekens.
Cassadine family
The Cassadines are a fictional aristocratic family from the American soap opera General Hospital. Created by executive producer Gloria Monty, the family was first introduced in February 1981, with the arrival of Tony Cassadine. Brothers Victor and Mikkos were introduced months later. The Cassadines are descendants of Russian royalty and own their own private island in Greece. Various family members have been sometime residents of Port Charles, living in Wyndemere Castle on Spoon Island. The family is known for their longtime feud with the Spencer family. After the family's initial appearance in 1981, they were absent from the series until the arrival of Stavros Cassadine in 1983. The Cassadine family owns and operates the international conglomerate Cassadine Industries. The family is currently represented on canvas by Alexis, Nikolas, Kristina, Molly, Danny, Charlotte, Scout, and Ace.

Alexis Davis (General Hospital)
Alexis Davis is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, General Hospital. Nancy Lee Grahn originated the role on September 26, 1996. She is the daughter of Mikkos Cassadine and Kristin Bergman. She is also the mother of Sam McCall, Kristina Davis and Molly Lansing.
IIT Palakkad
The Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad (IIT Palakkad or IITPkd) is a public autonomous engineering and research institute located in Palakkad, Kerala. It is one of India's 23 IITs. Proposed in the 2014 Union budget of India, IIT Palakkad was established in 2015 as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India.

Indian Institutes of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are a network of prestigious, autonomous public engineering and technology institutions in India. Established in 1950, they are under the purview of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India and are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961. The Act designates them as Institutes of National Importance and lays down their powers, duties, and governance framework as the country's premier institutions in the field of technology. There are currently 23 IITs functioning under this act. Each IIT operates autonomously and is linked to the others through a common council called the IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education (India) serves as the ex officio chairperson of the IIT Council.
DEC Hebrew
The DEC Hebrew character set is an 8-bit character set developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) to support the Hebrew alphabet. It was derived from DEC's Multinational Character Set (MCS) by removing the existing definitions from code points 192 to 223 and 224 to 250 and replacing code points 251 to 256 by the Hebrew letters. This range corresponds to the Hebrew range of its 7-bit counterpart, but with the high bit set.

Since MCS is a predecessor of ISO/IEC 8859-1, DEC Hebrew is similar to ISO/IEC 8859-8 and the Windows code page 1255, that is, many characters in the range 160 to 191 are the same, and the Hebrew letters are at 192 to 250 in all three character sets.

SI 960
The Israeli Standards Institute's Standard SI 960 defines a 7–bit Hebrew code page. It is derived from, but does not conform to, ISO/IEC 646; more specifically, it follows ASCII except for the lowercase letters and backtick (`), which are replaced by the naturally ordered Hebrew alphabet. It is also known as DEC Hebrew (7–bit), because DEC standardized this character set before it became an international standard. Kermit named it hebrew–7 and HEBREW–7.

The Hebrew alphabet is mapped to positions 0x60–0x7A, on top of the lowercase Latin letters (and grave accent for aleph). 7–bit Hebrew is stored in visual order.

This mapping with the high bit set, i.e. with the Hebrew letters in 0xE0–0xFA, is also reflected in ISO 8859-8.
Seiberg duality
In quantum field theory, Seiberg duality, conjectured by Nathan Seiberg in 1994, is an S-duality relating two different supersymmetric QCDs. The two theories are not identical, but they agree at low energies.  More precisely under a renormalization group flow they flow to the same IR fixed point, and so are in the same universality class. It is an extension to nonabelian gauge theories with N=1 supersymmetry of Montonen–Olive duality in N=4 theories and electromagnetic duality in abelian theories.

Infrared fixed point
In physics, an infrared fixed point is a set of coupling constants, or other parameters, that evolve from arbitrary initial values at very high energies (short distance) to fixed, stable values, usually predictable, at low energies (large distance). This usually involves the use of the renormalization group, which specifically details the way parameters in a physical system (a quantum field theory) depend on the energy scale being probed.

Conversely, if the length-scale decreases and the physical parameters approach fixed values, then we have ultraviolet fixed points.  The fixed points are generally independent of the initial values of the parameters over a large range of the initial values. This is known as universality.
Kaamannana Makkalu
Kaamannana Makkalu (transl. Sons of Kaamanna) is a 2008 Kannada-language action comedy drama film directed by Chi.Gurudutt and produced by Chi.Gurudutt and N.S. Rajkumar starring Sudeep, Rockline Venkatesh, Deepu and Vaibhavi. The film is a remake of the Malayalam film  Thommanum Makkalum which had already been remade in Tamil as Majaa by Rockline Venkatesh who incidentally was the second lead of this movie. The film was dubbed into Hindi as Aandhi Aur Toofan in 2009 by Wide Angle Media Pvt Ltd and into Telugu as Eela and released on 26 July 2013.

Majaa
Majaa (transl. Fun) is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film directed by Shafi and produced by Rockline Venkatesh. It is a remake of the director's own Malayalam film Thommanum Makkalum (2005). The film stars Vikram, Asin, and Pasupathy, while Manivannan, Vadivelu, Vijayakumar, Biju Menon (in his Tamil debut), Murali, and Abu Salim (reprising his role from the original) play supporting roles. The music was composed by Vidyasagar. It tells the story of two adopted children changing from their old, mischievous ways of life.
Amorges
Amorges (Old Iranian: (H)umarga, Ancient Greek: Ἀμόργης), son of the Persian rebel satrap Pissouthnes (Πισσούθνης) of Lydia, was the leader of a Carian rebellion against king Darius II Nothus in 413 BC. He was captured by Tissaphernes and executed in 412 BC. During his Carian rebellion, he occupied and was sheltered in the port of Iasus. Athens was sympathetic to him during the Peloponnesian War against Sparta.

Darius II ordered a Persian nobleman named Tissaphernes to stop Amorges, and did so by forming an alliance with Sparta. Tissaphernes created a treaty with Sparta which noted "if anyone revolts from the King, he shall be the enemy of the Spartans as well." Spartans sailed to Iasus in the winter of 412–411 and were welcomed by inhabitants due to a belief that their ships belonged to the Athenian navy. Amorges was arrested and handed over to Tissaphernes.

Tissaphernes
Tissaphernes (Old Persian: *Ciçafarnāʰ; Ancient Greek: Τισσαφέρνης; Lycian: 𐊋𐊆𐊈𐊈𐊀𐊓𐊕𐊑𐊏𐊀 Kizzaprñna, 𐊈𐊆𐊖𐊀𐊓𐊕𐊑𐊏𐊀 Zisaprñna; 445 – 395 BC) was a Persian commander and statesman, Satrap of Lydia and Ionia. His life is mostly known from the works of Thucydides and Xenophon. According to Ctesias, he was the son of Hidarnes III and therefore, the great grandson of Hydarnes, one of the six conspirators who had supported the rise of Darius the Great.