hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lycium californicum
Lycium californicum is a spreading shrub in the nightshade family known by the common names California boxthorn and California desert-thorn.

This plant, as Lycium californicum var. californicum, is native to the Coastal sage scrub and coastal bluffs along the coast of Southern California to northern Baja California and the northern and southern Channel Islands. As Lycium californicum var. arizonicum it is found in the Sonoran Desert in southern Arizona.

Coastal sage scrub
Coastal sage scrub (CSS), also called coastal scrub or soft chaparral, is a low scrubland plant community of the California coastal sage and chaparral subecoregion, found in coastal California and northwestern coastal Baja California. It is within the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.
Walter Tull
Walter Daniel John Tull (28 April 1888 – 25 March 1918) was an English professional footballer and British Army officer of Afro-Caribbean descent. He played as an inside forward and half back for Clapton, Tottenham Hotspur and Northampton Town and was the third person of mixed heritage to play in the top division of the Football League after Arthur Wharton and Willie Clarke. He was also the first player of African descent to sign for Rangers in 1917, while stationed in Scotland.

During the First World War, Tull served in the Middlesex Regiment, including in the two Footballers' Battalions. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 30 May 1917 and killed in action on 25 March 1918.

Arthur Wharton
Arthur Wharton (28 October 1865 – 12 December 1930) was a British footballer. He is widely considered to be the first black professional footballer in the world. Though not the first black player outright – the amateurs Robert Walker, of Queen's Park, and Scotland international player, Andrew Watson (possibly a professional before Arthur Wharton for Bootle F.C. in 1887), predate him – Wharton may have been the first black professional and the first to play in the Football League.
The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - Sheemie's Tale
The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - Sheemie's Tale is a two-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics. It is the second non-sequential comic book limited series based on Stephen King's The Dark Tower series of novels. It is plotted and scripted by Robin Furth, with illustrations by Richard Isanove. Stephen King is the Creative and Executive Director of the project. The first issue was published on January 9, 2013.

Sheemie's Tale originally was solicited as a one-shot to serve as an interlude between The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Journey Begins and The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Little Sisters of Eluria. It initially was scheduled for publication in November 2010, then postponed to January 26, 2011, and later put on indefinite hiatus. When finally released, it was announced as a two-issue limited series.

The Dark Tower (comics)
The Dark Tower, first published in 2007, is a series of comic books (originally published by Marvel Comics and later republished by Gallery 13) based on Stephen King's The Dark Tower series of novels. Overall, it is plotted by Robin Furth and scripted by Peter David. Stephen King serves as Creative and Executive Director of the project.
Curlee and Sarah Discaya
Pacifico "Curlee" Felizario Discaya II (born May 15, 1975) and Cezarah Rowena "Sarah" Cruz Discaya (born November 10, 1976) are Filipino businesspeople and politicians. The married couple are associated with the construction firms Alpha and Omega Construction and St. Gerrard Construction Corporation, which were labeled as among the top proprietors for various flood control projects under Rodrigo Duterte and Bongbong Marcos administrations, in addition to seven other construction firms.

Sarah Discaya was also a mayoral candidate in the 2025 Pasig local elections, where she lost via landslide to incumbent mayor Vico Sotto.

Vico Sotto
Victor Ma. Regis "Vico" Nubla Sotto ([ˈbiko ˈsɔtɔ]; born June 17, 1989) is a Filipino politician who has served as the 12th mayor of Pasig since 2019. He previously served as a member of the Pasig City Council for the first district from 2016 to 2019.

A member of the Sotto family, he studied political science at the Ateneo de Manila University, where he graduated in 2011. He entered politics in 2016 when he ran as an independent candidate for councilor and won, serving one term in the local legislature.

Sotto attracted media attention in 2019 when he defeated Mayor Bobby Eusebio in the mayoral election, ending the Eusebio's 27-year hold on the city's mayoralty on a progressive platform that focused on combating corruption and improving local services. Sotto's tenure as mayor has been marked by his government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila, which was met with positive reception among media.
1930 International Lawn Tennis Challenge Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1930 International Lawn Tennis Challenge.

24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Final against the winner of the America Zone. Italy defeated Japan in the final, and went on to face the United States in the Inter-Zonal Final.

1930 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1930 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the 25th edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. For the silver anniversary, 24 teams would enter the Europe Zone, while 4 would enter the America Zone.

The United States defeated Italy in the Inter-Zonal play-off, but would lose to France in the Challenge Round, giving France their fourth straight title, in the sixth straight Challenge Round matchup between these teams. The final was played 25–27 July at Stade Roland Garros in Paris.
Chinese National Day Parade
The National Day Parade (Chinese: 国庆阅兵), officially the National Day of the People's Republic of China Parade (Chinese: 中华人民共和国国庆阅兵), is a civil-military parade event held at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, on the National Day of the People's Republic of China on 1 October. It is organized by the People's Liberation Army, the People's Armed Police and the Militia, as well as civilian groups of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It has been held every decade since 1959, annually from 1950 to 1959, and has been broadcast live on China Central Television since 1984.

The most recent National Day parade took place on October 1, 2019, on the 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China.

Militia (China)
The Militia (Chinese: 民兵; pinyin: Mínbīng) or Militia of China (Chinese: 中国民兵; pinyin: Zhōngguó Mínbīng) is the militia part of the armed forces of China, the other two parts being the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the People's Armed Police (PAP). The Militia is commanded by the Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and serves as an auxiliary and reserve force for the PLA. It is one of the largest militias in the world.
Bluepoint Games
Bluepoint Games Inc. is an American video game developer based in Austin, Texas. Founded in 2006 by Andy O'Neil and Marco Thrush, the studio is known for video game remasters and remakes, such as Uncharted: The Nathan Drake Collection (2015), Shadow of the Colossus (2018), and Demon's Souls (2020). Sony Interactive Entertainment acquired the company in September 2021, making them a first-party developer for PlayStation Studios. On February 19, 2026, Sony announced that they will shut down Bluepoint Games in March.

PlayStation Studios
PlayStation Studios (formerly SCE Worldwide Studios and SIE Worldwide Studios) is a division of Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE) that oversees the video game development at the studios owned by SIE. The division was established as SCE Worldwide Studios in September 2005 and rebranded as PlayStation Studios in 2020 to include the PlayStation brand.
Eresus kollari
Eresus kollari, the ladybird spider, is a spider species in the family Eresidae. It was first described by  Walckenaer in 1802, though it was misidentified. It was later correctly described by Rossi in 1846. It is one of the three species into which Eresus cinnaberinus or Eresus niger has been divided. It is thought to be endangered.

Velvet spider
Velvet spiders (family Eresidae) are a small group (about 100 species in 9 genera) of spiders almost entirely limited to the Old World, with the exception of one species known from Brazil. In Europe, some are commonly called the ladybird spiders.
Charm School (TV series)
Charm School is a reality television series airing on VH1; it is a spin-off of Flavor of Love created by executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin. The first season, called Flavor of Love Girls: Charm School, is hosted by comedian Mo'Nique and features thirteen contestants from the first two seasons of Flavor of Love. The second season, called Rock of Love: Charm School, is hosted by Sharon Osbourne and features fourteen contestants from the first two seasons of Rock of Love with Bret Michaels. The third season, called Charm School with Ricki Lake, is hosted by Ricki Lake and features contestants from Rock of Love Bus with Bret Michaels and Real Chance of Love. The show ostensibly acts as a finishing school for its contestants that helps develop proper etiquette. Season 1 offered a prize of $50,000, while Seasons 2 and 3 doubled the amount to $100,000. All three seasons offered the title of "Charm School Queen."

Real Chance of Love
Real Chance of Love is an American reality television dating game show featuring two brothers, Ahmad "Real" Givens and Kamal "Chance" Givens, of the rap group The Stallionares, former contestants on I Love New York, who are looking for love. The show was first brought up in August 2007 when Mr. Boston of the first season of I Love New York was offered his own reality show. Boston declined and the plans eventually fell through, leaving the show to be picked up by Real and Chance.
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S=O. This colorless liquid is the sulfoxide most widely used commercially. It is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water. It has a relatively high boiling point. DMSO is metabolised to compounds that leave a garlic-like taste in the mouth after DMSO is absorbed by skin.

In terms of chemical structure, the molecule has idealized Cs symmetry. It has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry consistent with other three-coordinate S(IV) compounds, with a nonbonded electron pair on the approximately tetrahedral sulfur atom.

Polar aprotic solvent
A polar aprotic solvent is a solvent that lacks an acidic proton and is polar.  Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups. In contrast to protic solvents, these solvents do not serve as proton donors in hydrogen bonding, although they can be proton acceptors. Many solvents, including chlorocarbons and hydrocarbons, are classifiable as aprotic, but polar aprotic solvents are of particular interest for their ability to dissolve salts. Methods for purification of common solvents are available.
2006 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup
The 2006 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup was the seventh edition of the CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup, and also acted as a qualifier tournament for the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup. The final tournament took place in the United States between November 19 and 27, 2006.  The United States and Canada received byes into the semi-finals of the tournament after contesting the final of the 2002 Gold Cup, while four other spots were determined through regional qualification.

The United States won the competition with Canada, as the runner-up. Both teams automatically qualified for the 2007 Women's World Cup, while third place Mexico lost to AFC fourth-place finisher Japan in a play-off for a spot.

2007 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification (AFC–CONCACAF play-off)
The AFC–CONCACAF play-off of the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification competition was a two-legged home-and-away tie that decided one spot in the final tournament in China. The play-off was contested by the fourth-placed team from the AFC, Japan, and the third-placed team from CONCACAF, Mexico.
Grawlix
Grawlix (/ˈɡrɔːlɪks/) or obscenicon is the use of typographical symbols to replace profanity, typically using "unpronounceable" characters. Mainly used in cartoons and comics, it has been described as the graphical equivalent of a bleep censor. The first known grawlix appeared in November 1, 1901 story of Gene Carr's comic strip Lady Bountiful.

Profanity
Profanity, also known as swearing, cursing, or cussing, is the usage of notionally offensive words for a variety of purposes, including to demonstrate disrespect or negativity, to relieve pain, to express a strong emotion (such as anger, excitement, or surprise), as a grammatical intensifier or emphasis, or to express informality or conversational intimacy. In many formal or polite social situations, it is considered impolite (a violation of social norms), and in some religious groups it is considered a sin. Profanity includes slurs, but most profanities are not slurs, and there are many insults that do not use swear words.

Swear words can be discussed or even sometimes used for the same purpose without causing offense or being considered impolite if they are obscured (e.g. "fuck" becomes "f***" or "the f-word") or substituted with a minced oath like "flip".
Todorov's narrative theory of equilibrium
The narrative theory of equilibrium was proposed by Bulgarian narratologist Tzvetan Todorov in 1971. Todorov delineated this theory in an essay entitled The Two Principles of Narrative. The essay claims that all narratives contain the same five formal elements: equilibrium, disruption, recognition, resolution, and new equilibrium.

Narratology
Narratology is the study of narrative and narrative structure and the ways that these affect human perception. The term is an anglicisation of French narratologie, coined by Tzvetan Todorov (Grammaire du Décaméron, 1969). Its theoretical lineage is traceable to Aristotle (Poetics) but modern narratology is agreed to have begun with the Russian formalists, particularly Vladimir Propp (Morphology of the Folktale, 1928), and Mikhail Bakhtin's theories of heteroglossia, dialogism, and the chronotope first presented in The Dialogic Imagination (1975).

Cognitive narratology is a more recent development that allows for a broader understanding of narrative. Rather than focus on the structure of the story, cognitive narratology asks "how humans make sense of stories" and "how humans use stories as sense-making instruments".
Charles Edmund Nugent
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Edmund Nugent GCH (c. 1759 – 7 January 1844) was a Royal Navy officer. He saw action as a junior officer in the 50-gun Bristol at the Battle of Sullivan's Island during the American Revolutionary War. He was held as a prisoner-of war for a day by Spaniards shortly before the Battle of San Fernando de Omoa later on in the War.

Nugent served in the naval brigade in the invasions of Martinique, Saint Lucia, and Guadaloupe during the French Revolutionary Wars and, when William Cornwallis assumed command of the blockade of Brest, Nugent was selected to serve as his Captain of the Fleet during the Napoleonic Wars. He never commanded any fleet or naval station but did rise to the highest rank in the Navy.

William Cornwallis
Admiral Sir William Cornwallis, GCB (20 February 1744 – 5 July 1819) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. Cornwallis took part in a number of decisive battles including the siege of Louisbourg in 1758, when he was 14, and the Battle of the Saintes but is best known as a friend of Lord Nelson and as the commander-in-chief of the Channel Fleet during the Napoleonic Wars. He is depicted in the Horatio Hornblower novel, Hornblower and the Hotspur. His affectionate contemporary nickname from "the ranks" was Billy Blue, and a sea shanty was written during his period of service, reflecting the admiration his men had for him.
Battles and operations of the Indian National Army
Battles and operations involving the Indian National Army (INA) during the Second World War took place in the South-East Asian theatre in the South-East Asian theatre. The INA’s involvement spanned espionage activities during the Malayan campaign in 1942, participation in the Japanese Ha-Go and U-Go offensives in the Upper Burma and Manipur, and later defensive engagements during the Allied Burma campaign.

The INA’s counterpart in Europe, the Indische Legion, saw limited deployment. Although it participated in duties along the Atlantic Wall and was involved in special operations in Persia and Afghanistan, as well as a small deployment in Italy, its overall military role remained minor.

While the INA was not considered a significant conventional military threat, it though not a significant conventional military threat, the INA posed a substantial strategic concern—particularly for the British Indian Army. As Wavell noted, it was considered a target of prime importance.

Battle of the Admin Box
The Battle of the Admin Box (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Ngakyedauk or the Battle of Sinzweya) took place on the southern front of the Burma campaign from 5 to 23 February 1944, in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II.

Japanese forces attempted a local counter-attack against an Allied offensive with the aim of drawing Allied reserves from the Central Front in Assam, where the Japanese were preparing their own major offensive. After initial setbacks, the Allies recovered to thwart the Japanese attack, pioneering the methods which would lead to further Allied victories over the following year.

The battle takes its name from the "administration area" of the Indian Army's 7th Division, which became a makeshift, rectangular defensive position for Major-General Frank Messervy and his staff after their divisional headquarters was overrun on 7 February.
Fuente de las Tarascas
The Fuente de las Tarascas (Las Tarascas Fountain), also known as the Fuente de la Fertilidad (Fertility Fountain), is a fountain, sculpture and landmark installed in Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico. The original work was created by Antonio Silva Díaz and Benigno Lara and was installed in 1931 in the intersection of Francisco I. Madero Avenue and Acueducto Avenue, in the historic center of the city. The fountain had three colorful concrete statues that depicted three bare-chested, kneeling women holding a basket of fruits. The sculpture was replaced in 1965 by another work.

In 1984, a similar work, but sculpted in bronze by José Luis Padilla Retana, was installed where the original sculpture used to be placed. It features the same subject, but it is now believed to represent three Purépecha (externally known as "Tarascan") princesses named Atzimba, Eréndira and Tzetzangari. Like the original work, they are bare-chested and hold a basket of regional fruits.

Purépecha
The Purépecha (Western Highland Purepecha: P'urhepecha [pʰuˈɽepet͡ʃa]) are a group of Indigenous people centered in the northwestern region of Michoacán, Mexico, mainly in the area of the cities of Cherán and Pátzcuaro.

They are also known by the derogatory term "Tarascan", an exonym, applied by outsiders and not one they use for themselves.

The Purépecha occupied most of Michoacán but also some of the lower valleys of both Guanajuato and Jalisco. Celaya, Acambaro, Cerano, and Yurirapundaro. Now, the Purépecha live mostly in the highlands of central Michoacán, around Lakes Patzcuaro and Cuitzeo.
Burning an Illusion
Burning an Illusion is a 1981 British drama film written and directed by Menelik Shabazz, about a young British-born black woman's love life, mostly shot in London's Notting Hill and Ladbroke Grove communities. It was only the second British feature film to have been made by a black director, following Horace Ové's Pressure (1975), and is described by Stephen Bourne as "the first British film to give a black woman a voice of any kind." Imruh Bakari worked with Shabazz and co-founded Kuumba Productions with him.

Pressure (1976 film)
Pressure is a 1976 British drama film directed by Horace Ové and starring Herbert Norville, Oscar James and Frank Singuineau. Co-written by Ové with Samuel Selvon, it is hailed as the UK's first Black dramatic feature-length film, and has been characterised as "a gritty and dynamic study of a generation in crisis". Ové said in a 2005 interview: "What Pressure tried to do was to portray the experience of the Windrush generation, the kids who came with them and the kids born here."
Rock Valley College
Rock Valley College (RVC) is a public community college in Rockford, Illinois. It was founded in 1964 and is part of the Illinois Community College System. RVC's district comprises Winnebago County, Boone County, and parts of Stephenson County, Ogle County, McHenry County, and DeKalb County. Since opening for classes in 1965, RVC has grown to an institution of 140 faculty members, 500 part-time lecturers, and more than 7700 students.

Illinois Community College System
The Illinois Community College System consists of 39 public community college districts, composed of 48 community colleges and one multi-college center (East St. Louis Community College Center) where 3 of the community colleges offer additional classes. Thirty-seven of the districts have a single college; two districts (City Colleges of Chicago, comprising seven colleges, and Illinois Eastern Community Colleges, comprising four colleges) are multicollege. Since July 1990, the entire state has been included within community college district boundaries.
Clotilda Douglas-Yakimchuk
Clotilda Adessa Douglas-Yakimchuk CM ONS (née Coward; January 11, 1932 – April 15, 2021) was a Canadian nurse. She was the first African-Canadian to graduate from the Nova Scotia Hospital School of Nursing and the first black president of the Registered Nurses’ Association of Nova Scotia.

Order of Nova Scotia
The Order of Nova Scotia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The order was instituted through the Order of Nova Scotia Act on 1 June 2001, with the first appointments beginning in 2002. The order is intended to honour current or former Nova Scotia residents who have demonstrated a high level of individual excellence and achievement, thus being described as the highest honour amongst all those conferred by the Nova Scotia Crown. The lieutenant governor is Chancellor of the order, and is responsible for inducting new members.
Óttar of Dublin
Óttar of Dublin (or Óttarr of Dublin), in Irish Oitir Mac mic Oitir (Oitir the son of a son of Oitir), was a Hiberno-Norse King of Dublin, reigning in 1142–1148. Alternative names used in modern scholarship include Óttar of the Isles and Óttar Óttarsson.

Kingdom of Dublin
The Kingdom of Dublin (Old Norse: Dyflin) was a Norse kingdom in Ireland that lasted from roughly 853 AD to 1170 AD. It was the first and longest-lasting Norse kingdom in Ireland, founded by Vikings who invaded the territory around Dublin in the 9th century. Its territory corresponded to most of present-day County Dublin.
Rhode Island Route 100
Route 100 is a numbered state highway running 9.3 miles (15.0 km) in Rhode Island. Route 100's southern terminus is at Route 102 in Glocester and the northern terminus is a continuation as Wallum Lake Road near Douglas, Massachusetts.

Rhode Island Route 102
Route 102 is a 44.4-mile-long (71.5 km) numbered state highway in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Route 102 serves as a non-freeway beltway around the Providence metro area. It begins in the village of Wickford and travels through less developed areas of western Rhode Island. The route ends in the village of Slatersville.

Route 102 is one of the longer Rhode Island state highways, and is longer than the portion of Interstate 95 that runs through the state (43.5 miles).