hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1st Mounted Division
The 1st Mounted Division was a Yeomanry Division of the British Army active during World War I.  It was formed in August 1914 for the home defence of the United Kingdom from four existing mounted brigades of the Territorial Force, each of three regiments of Yeomanry.  The divisional order of battle changed often, as the 1st Line brigades left for service overseas and were replaced by 2nd Line formations. It was converted to the 1st Cyclist Division in July 1916, and was broken up in November 1916 without being involved in active service.  It remained in East Anglia throughout its existence.

An unrelated 1st Mounted Division was formed in July 1916, from the 3rd Mounted Division, lasting until September 1917.  Another incarnation of 1st Mounted Division was created in April 1918 from the Yeomanry Mounted Division, lasting until July 1918.

Yeomanry Mounted Division
The Yeomanry Mounted Division was a Territorial Force cavalry division formed at Khan Yunis in Palestine in June 1917 from three yeomanry mounted brigades. It served in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War, mostly as part of the Desert Mounted Corps. In April 1918 six of the regiments were withdrawn from the division and sent to France, being converted from Yeomanry to battalions of the Machine Gun Corps. These were replaced by Indian Army cavalry regiments withdrawn from France, and the division was renamed 1st Mounted Division, the third such division to bear that title. In July the combined division was renamed as the 4th Cavalry Division.
Diedre Murray
Diedre Murray is an American cellist and composer specializing in jazz and musical theater. She also works as a record producer and curator.

As a performer she has worked with  Leroy Jenkins,  Marvin "Hannibal" Peterson, Henry Threadgill, Muhal Richard Abrams, James Brown, Julius Hemphill, Fred Hopkins, Jason Kao Hwang, and Archie Shepp, in addition to leading her ensembles, and has appeared on over 50 recordings as a cellist, composer, arranger and/or producer.

A native of New York, Murray received a B.S. degree from Hunter College in ethnomusicology, and studied at the Manhattan School of Music.

Muhal Richard Abrams
Muhal Richard Abrams (born Richard Lewis Abrams; September 19, 1930 – October 29, 2017) was an American educator, administrator, composer, arranger, clarinetist, cellist, and jazz pianist in the free jazz medium. He recorded and toured the United States, Canada and Europe with his orchestra, sextet, quartet, duo, and as a solo pianist.
Steve Russell (politician)
Steven Dane Russell (born May 25, 1963) is President and CEO of JAARS, Inc. He is a retired American soldier and former politician. He served in the United States House of Representatives for Oklahoma's 5th congressional district from 2015 to 2019, after serving in the Oklahoma Senate from 2009 to 2013. Russell is a member of the Republican Party.

Russell reached the rank of lieutenant colonel in the United States Army, and played a significant role in the capture of Saddam Hussein during the Iraq War. He served in the Oklahoma Senate, and ran for the House of Representatives when James Lankford did not run for reelection. After winning two terms in the House, Russell was defeated for re-election in 2018 by Democrat Kendra Horn. After serving as Executive Pastor of First Southern Baptist Church of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from 2019 to 2022, he assumed the position of President and CEO of JAARS, Inc. on October 1, 2022.

James Lankford
James Paul Lankford (born March 4, 1968) is an American Southern Baptist minister and politician serving as the senior United States senator from Oklahoma, a seat he has held since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Oklahoma's 5th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2015.

From 1996 to 2009, Lankford was president of the Falls Creek Baptist Conference Center, a youth camp operated by the Baptist General Convention of Oklahoma. He is an ordained Southern Baptist minister.

Lankford was elected to the House of Representatives in 2010 and reelected in 2012. He was elected to the Senate in a 2014 special election following Senator Tom Coburn's planned resignation. He was reelected in 2016 and 2022.
Magothy Bay Natural Area Preserve
Magothy Bay Natural Area Preserve is a 445-acre (1.80 km2) Natural Area Preserve located in Northampton County, Virginia. The preserve encompasses woodlands, wetlands, and salt marshes, providing foraging areas for various species of waterfowl, shorebirds, and wading birds.  Diamondback terrapins and clapper rails are frequent visitors, as are many varieties of songbird.

The preserve is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, and is open to the public. Improvements at the preserve include a parking area and two hiking trails.

All state laws in Virginia State Parks also apply in all of Virginia's Natural Area Preserves. The Department of Conservation and Recreation manages Virginia State Parks and the Natural Heritage Program. Law Enforcement Rangers with both the State Parks and Natural Heritage Program routinely patrol these areas, along with DWR and VMRC officers. All DCR Rangers have statewide jurisdiction.

Virginia Natural Area Preserve System
The Virginia Natural Area Preserve System is a system of protected areas in the state of Virginia. It is managed by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation.

As of 2025, there are sixty-seven (67) dedicated preserves totaling 65,107 acres (263.48 km2). These preserves contain examples of some of the rarest natural communities in the state; in addition, many serve as a home for locally, nationally, and globally rare species.
Chen Fuliang
Chen Fuliang (陳傅良) (1137–1203) was a Chinese historian, academician, and philosopher. He was known by the courtesy name Junju (君舉) and had a style name of Zhizhai Xiansheng (止齋先生). He was part of the Yongjia School of the early Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279).

As a direct disciple of Xue Jixuan and mentor to Ye Shi, he was influential in spreading the Yongjia learning. He focused on the restoration of North China and believed that institutional reform was essential to regain national power and recover lands taken by the Jurchen Jin. In his teachings, he emphasized history as a way to address current social issues rather than just for ethical development.

He also conducted extensive research on history and institutional evolution, which he offered unique ideas on military systems, tax reduction, land reforms, and government operations. His focus on institutional changes solidified his status in the Yongjia School and was his main contribution to the school of thought.

Ye Shi
Ye Shi (simplified Chinese: 叶适; traditional Chinese: 葉適; pinyin: Yè Shì; Wade–Giles: Yeh Shih, 1150–1223), courtesy name Zhengze (正则), pseudonym Mr. Shuixin (水心先生), was a Chinese neo-Confucian of the Song dynasty.: 748

A native of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, he was the most famous figure of the Yongjia School, a neo-Confucianism School composed mostly of philosophers from today Wenzhou Prefecture in Zhejiang province.: 748  In contrast to other scholars in the same period like Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan, he stressed practical learning and applying Confucian doctrine to real world problems. This school had important influence on  later thinkers from Zhejiang province, including Wang Shouren and Huang Zongxi, who were the most important philosophers in the Ming and Qing periods.
Historical development of Scottish sheriffdoms
A sheriffdom is a judicial district of Scotland. Originally identical to the   Shires of Scotland, from the eighteenth century many counties were grouped to form "sheriffdoms".

By 1975 there were 12 sheriffdoms, with only Lanarkshire not grouped with another county. Following the abolition of the counties and formation of new local government areas in 1975 and 1996 the number of sheriffdoms has been reduced to six.

Shires originated in the twelfth century when the office of sheriff was introduced to Scotland. These shires eventually became the counties of Scotland. Malcolm III appears to have introduced sheriffs as part of a policy of replacing Gaelic forms of government with Norman feudal structures. This was continued by his sons Edgar, Alexander I and in particular David I. David completed the division of the country into sheriffdoms by the conversion of existing thanedoms.

Sheriffdom
A sheriffdom is a judicial district in Scotland, led by a sheriff principal. Since 1 January 1975, there have been six sheriffdoms. Each sheriffdom is divided into a series of sheriff court districts, and each sheriff court is presided over by a resident or floating sheriff (a legally qualified judge). Sheriffs principal and resident or floating sheriffs are all members of the judiciary of Scotland.
Thodupuzha Assembly constituency
Thodupuzha State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Idukki Lok Sabha constituency.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Karinda Dobbins
Karinda Dobbins is an American comedian. She co-produces the monthly comedy show The Resistance! alongside Dhaya Lakshminarayanan, has regularly opened for W. Kamau Bell, and additionally opened for Trevor Noah, Gina Yashere, Michelle Wolf, and Dave Chappelle. She has performed at festivals such as the Desi Comedy Fest, the Portland Queer Comedy Festival, Bridgetown Comedy Festival, and Comedy Central's Colossal Clusterfest. In 2019, SFist named her one of their 13 San Francisco Standup Comedians to Go See Now.

W. Kamau Bell
Walter Kamau Bell (born January 26, 1973) is an American stand-up comic and television host. He hosted the CNN series United Shades of America from 2016 to 2022, and hosted FXX television series Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell from 2012 to 2013. He is the host of the live radio show and podcast Kamau Right Now on KALW, and also co-hosts the podcasts Denzel Washington Is the Greatest Actor of All Time Period with comedian Kevin Avery and Politically Re-Active with Hari Kondabolu. In 2022, Bell directed and produced the documentary miniseries We Need to Talk About Cosby.
Transformers: War for Cybertron (Nintendo DS video game)
Transformers: War for Cybertron - Autobots and Transformers: War for Cybertron - Decepticons are two action-adventure video games based on the Transformers franchise, published by Activision in June 2010. A port of High Moon Studios' Transformers: War for Cybertron for the Nintendo DS, they were developed by Vicarious Visions, who also worked on Transformers Autobots and Transformers Decepticons in 2007, and Transformers Revenge of the Fallen: Autobots and Transformers Revenge of the Fallen: Decepticons in 2009. Although they share some basic similarities, the two games follow different storylines (one from the Autobots' perspective, and the other from the Decepticons' perspective), and feature different characters, missions, and locations.

Transformers Revenge of the Fallen: Autobots and Decepticons
Transformers Revenge of the Fallen: Autobots and Transformers Revenge of the Fallen: Decepticons are action-adventure video games based on the 2009 live action film Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. They are the Nintendo DS port of Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, but follows a different storyline. It was developed by Vicarious Visions and published by Activision. The two game share some basic similarities, but overall feature different characters, missions and locations. They received mixed reviews upon release.
Government Law College, Coimbatore
The Government Law College, Coimbatore is a public law college in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Like the rest of the law colleges in Tamil Nadu, it is administered by Tamil Nadu's Department of Legal Studies, and affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University.

Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University
Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University (TNDALU) is a public state university established in 1997 at Chennai, India by the Government of Tamil Nadu under The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University Act, 1996, which also brought all law colleges in Tamil Nadu under the control of the university. It was named after B. R. Ambedkar, an Indian jurist, social reformer and the architect of the Constitution of India. The university was inaugurated on 20 September 1997 by K. R. Narayanan, former president of India. The university started a law school on its own campus in 2002 as the School of Excellence in Law, Chennai (SOEL).
Ryan Owens (cyclist)
Ryan Owens (born 29 September 1995) is a British former track cyclist, specialising in sprint events, who represented Great Britain and England at international competitions. He won a silver medal at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games in the team sprint alongside Jack Carlin and Jason Kenny.

Jack Carlin
Jack Carlin (born 23 April 1997) is a Scottish former track cyclist, who specialised in sprint events. He won four Olympic medals; two at the delayed 2020 Tokyo Olympics and two at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
National Ringette League playoffs
The National Ringette League playoffs are the knockout match, round robin, and tournament for determining the champion for National Ringette League (NRL).

The National Ringette League (NRL) playoffs began during the league's second season which was the 2005-06 season. In 2008, the NRL playoffs replaced the national championships for the Under-19 years and Open divisions at the Canadian Ringette Championships and have been conducted in this manner since.

The 2010–11 season introduced the new "NRL Championship Tournament" replacing the Championship qualifying rounds and takes place in just one city with the intention of allowing the league to create a media event and to hold attention. The top 10 teams in the league's regular season participate in the championship tournament crowning the team champion of the league. Starting in the 2011–12 season, 8 teams played a full round robin known as the "Elite Eight" to determine the champion.

National Ringette League
The National Ringette League (NRL) (French: Ligue Nationale de Ringuette, LNR) is the premier league for the sport of ringette in North America and Canada's national league for elite ringette players aged 18 and up. The NRL is not a women's variant of a more well-known men's league or sport like professional women's ice hockey or bandy; one of ringette's distinctive features is that all of its players are girls and women. As such, the NRL is the continent's first and only winter team sports league whose entire athlete roster is made up of women and non-binary athletes.

The NRL is semi-professional and operates as a showcase league for ringette in North America. The league functions as a committee under Ringette Canada, a non-profit sports organization and Canada's national governing body for ringette. Its Finnish equivalent is the SM Ringette league in Finland.
Angle of list
The angle of list is the degree to which a vessel heels (leans or tilts) to either port or starboard at equilibrium—with no external forces acting upon it. If a listing ship goes beyond the point where a righting moment will keep it afloat, it will capsize and potentially sink.

Listing is caused by the off-centerline distribution of weight aboard due to uneven loading or to flooding.
By contrast, roll is the dynamic movement from side to side caused by waves.

Metacentric height
The metacentric height (GM) is a measurement of the initial static stability of a floating body. It is calculated as the distance between the centre of gravity of a ship and its metacentre. A larger metacentric height implies greater initial stability against overturning. The metacentric height also influences the natural period of rolling of a hull, with very large metacentric heights being associated with shorter periods of roll which are uncomfortable for passengers. Hence, a sufficiently, but not excessively, high metacentric height is considered ideal for passenger ships.
Hickory Hollow Natural Area Preserve
Hickory Hollow Natural Area Preserve is a 254-acre (1.03 km2) Natural Area Preserve located in Lancaster County, Virginia. The preserve's mixed pine-hardwood forests, ravines, and swampland form a habitat for various songbirds, wild turkeys, and a rare species of plant. The swamp is an example of a globally rare natural community known as a "coastal plain basic seepage swamp", and supports a high level of biological diversity.

Hickory Hollow Natural Area Preserve is owned by the Northern Neck Audubon Society, who purchased the land from Lancaster County in 1999. It was dedicated as a Natural Area Preserve on July 12, 2000.

The preserve is open to the public, and contains a parking area and hiking trails.

Virginia Natural Area Preserve System
The Virginia Natural Area Preserve System is a system of protected areas in the state of Virginia. It is managed by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation.

As of 2025, there are sixty-seven (67) dedicated preserves totaling 65,107 acres (263.48 km2). These preserves contain examples of some of the rarest natural communities in the state; in addition, many serve as a home for locally, nationally, and globally rare species.
Serik Jumanğarin
Serık Maqaşūly Jumanğarin (Kazakh: Серік Мақашұлы Жұманғарин, [sʲeˈrɘk mɑˈqɑʂo̙ɫɯ ʐo̙mɑnˈɣɑrɯjn], born 22 July 1969) is a Kazakh politician, economist, and physicist, who's currently serving as the Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan since September 2022 and Minister of National Economy since December 2024.

Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
The Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Премьер-Министрдің орынбасары, romanized: Premer-Ministrdıñ orynbasary) is a member in the Government of Kazakhstan. The post is usually led by multiple people who carry out their activities in accordance with the policies established by the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan and are appointed by the President of Kazakhstan who are approved by the Parliament of Kazakhstan.
Battle of Montemaggiore
The Battle of Montemaggiore (or Monte Maggiore) was fought on 4 May 1041, on the river Ofanto near Cannae in Byzantine Italy, between Lombard-Norman rebel forces and the Byzantine Empire. The Norman William Iron Arm led the offence, which was part of a greater revolt, against Michael Dokeianos, the Byzantine Catepan of Italy. Suffering heavy losses in the battle, the Byzantines were eventually defeated, and the remaining forces retreated to Bari. Dokeianos was replaced and transferred to Sicily as a result of the battle. The victory provided the Normans with increasing amounts of resources, as well as a renewed surge of knights joining the rebellion.

Catepanate of Italy
The Catepanate of Italy (Greek: κατεπανίκιον Ἰταλίας, Katepaníkion Italías) was a province (theme) of the Byzantine Empire, that existed from c. 965 until 1071. It was headed by a governor (katepano) with both civil and military powers. At its greatest extent, it comprised mainland Italy south of a line drawn from Monte Gargano to the Gulf of Salerno. North of that line, Amalfi and Naples also maintained allegiance to Byzantine Emperors through the katepano. The Italian region of Capitanata derives its name from the term katepanikion (a province under the jurisdiction of katepano).
Buni River
Buni River (Indonesian: Ci Buni, Sungai Cibuni) is a river in southern West Java, Indonesia. The 109-km-long river flows in the Bandung and Cianjur regencies, with the upstream at the west slope of Mount Patuha and discharge into the Indian Ocean.

Cianjur Regency
Cianjur Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Cianjur, pronounced [kabuˌpat̪ɛn t͡ʃiˈaɲd͡ʒʊr]; Sundanese: Kabupatén Cianjur) is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. The area of the regency is 3,614.38 km2 and its population at the 2010 Census was 2,171,281; the 2020 Census produced a total of 2,477,560 and the official estimate published by the regency government as at 2025 was 2,610,316 (comprising 1,333,933 males and 1,276,383 females). The town (district) of Cianjur is its seat.

Northern parts of the regency form a valley (above the 'neck' or narrowest part of the regency), and are far more densely populated than southern regions, with 68.4% of the regency's population in just 30.0% of its area.  As such, a portion of the northern valley (consisting of Cugenang, Pacet, Sukaresmi and Cipanas Districts in the far northwest of the regency) was briefly included in a definition of Greater Jakarta called Jabodetabekjur (with the "jur" standing for Cianjur).
Kʼatun
A kʼatun (/ˈkɑːtuːn/, Mayan pronunciation: [kʼaˈtun]) is a unit of time in the Maya calendar equal to 20 tuns or 7200 days, equivalent to 19.713 tropical years. It is the second digit on the normal Maya long count date. For example, in the Maya Long Count date 12.19.13.15.12 (December 5, 2006), the number 19 is the kʼatun. There are 20 k'atuns in a baktun.

The end of a kʼatun was marked by numerous ceremonies and, at Tikal, the construction of large twin pyramid complexes to host them. The kʼatun was also used to reckon the age of rulers. Those who lived to see four (or five) kʼatuns would take the title 4-(or 5-)kʼatun ruler. In the Postclassic period when the full Long Count gave way to the Short Count, the Maya continued to keep a reckoning of kʼatuns, differentiating them by the Calendar Round date on which they began. Each kʼatun had its own set of prophecies and associations.

Maya calendar
The Maya calendar is a system of calendars used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and in many modern communities in the Guatemalan highlands, Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico.

The essentials of the Maya calendar are based upon a system which had been in common use throughout the region, dating back to at least the 5th century BC. It shares many aspects with calendars employed by other earlier Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Zapotec and Olmec and contemporary or later ones such as the Mixtec and Aztec calendars.

By the Maya mythological tradition, as documented in Colonial Yucatec accounts and reconstructed from Late Classic and Postclassic inscriptions, the deity Itzamna is frequently credited with bringing the knowledge of the calendrical system to the ancestral Maya, along with writing in general and other foundational aspects of Mayan culture.
Nikolaos Tzafouris
Nikolaos Tzafouris (Greek: Νικόλαος Ζαφούρης η Τζαφούρης; 1468–1501; also Niccolo, Niccolò, Niccolö, Zafuri, Zafuris) was a Greek Renaissance painter. He was one of the founders of the Cretan school.  He was influenced by Angelos Akotantos.  His works influenced Emmanuel Tzanes, Elias Moskos, Georgios Klontzas and Theodoros Poulakis. Tzafouris was one of the most respected artists in Crete. His most notable work is Madre della Consolazione. The painting exhibits a combination of Byzantine and Italian styles. Another notable painter in Crete around the same time was Andreas Pavias. According to the Institute of Neohellenic Research, thirteen paintings are attributed to Tzafouris.

Angelos Akotantos
Angelos Akotantos (Greek: Άγγελος Ακοτάντος; 1390–1457) was a Greek painter, educator, and protopsaltis. He painted icons in the maniera greca, at a time when that style was moving away from the traditions of the Byzantine Empire and towards the more refined aesthetic of the Cretan school. Akotantos taught painting to Andreas Pavias, Andreas Ritzos, and Antonios Papadopoulos, and his style influenced later artists such as Georgios Klontzas, Theophanes the Cretan, Michael Damaskinos and El Greco. Angelos's brother Ioannis was also a famous painter. There are 50 extant paintings reliably attributed to Akotantos, 30 of which bear his signature.