hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Irvin G. Wyllie
Irvin Gordon Wyllie (3 January 1920 – 25 October 1974) was an American historian and professor.

Wyllie studied at Westminster College, Oberlin, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he received his PhD in 1949. He taught at the University of Maryland and University of Missouri (where he was an American Association of University Professors chapter president), before returning to the University of Wisconsin, where he was the first Gordon E. Fox Professor of American Institutions, and chairman of the history department. He was a Ford fellow at Cornell, and a Fulbright lecturer at Gothenburg and Lund.

In 1966 he was appointed as the first chancellor of the newly created University of Wisconsin-Parkside (which at that time did not even have an official name), and served in that capacity until his 1974 death from a heart attack at the age of 54. The school's Wyllie Hall is named for him, and the Wyllie Society for Planned Giving was established at the University in his memory.

University of Wisconsin–Parkside
The University of Wisconsin–Parkside (UW Parkside or UWP) is a public university in Somers, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the University of Wisconsin System and has 4,644 students, 161 full-time faculty, and 89 lecturers and part-time faculty. The university offers 33 undergraduate majors and 11 master's degrees in 22 academic departments. UW–Parkside is one of two universities in the UW System not named for the city in which it is located, the other being UW–Stout. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

UW–Parkside is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II for athletics. The athletic program is branded as the Parkside Rangers, and its teams wear forest green, black, and white. The Rangers compete in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.
Mattie Edwards
Mattie Edwards (1866–1944) was an American actress who appeared in vaudeville theatre shows and early silent film productions from the 1880s through the 1930s. An African-American, she grew up in Fort Smith, Arkansas and spent her early life as a Deputy Marshal for the town. Later, she joined the P. G. Lowery minstrel group and then films produced by Essanay Studios. She moved between multiple film studios in the years following, including Williams and Walker Co. films in the 1900s, Lubin Motion Picture Company and Ebony Film Company films in the 1910s, before ending her major roles in Comstock-Elliot company and Oscar Micheaux films in the 1920s. She had several smaller film roles and ongoing theatre roles in the decades after, before dying in 1944 at the age of 78.

The Brute (1920 film)
The Brute is a 1920 silent race film directed, written, produced and distributed by Oscar Micheaux.
No print of the film is known to exist and the production is believed to be a lost film. The original version of the film included a scene where the boxer defeats a white rival, but Micheaux was forced to remove the scene by censors.
Ganga Jamuni
Ganga Jamuni (Gaṅgā Jamunī) is a village in Kuraoli block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh. It is located on a further small tributary of the Kali Nadi river called the Ganga Jamuni Nala, which dried up after the construction of a national highway near the village. There is also an archaeological site nearby. As of 2011, Ganga Jamuni had a population of 319, in 50 households.

Kuraoli
Kuraoli is a town and a nagar panchayat (urban municipality) in Mainpuri district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.  Kuraoli was known for Rathore thakur state in 18th century, now it is known for its largest garlic and onion mandi in Uttar Pradesh.
Cowl neck
A cowl neck is a neckline consisting of a loose draped fabric collar. The term can describe the neckline of a wide variety of garments, from the draped neckline of an evening gown to a raised neckline of knitwear similar to a turtleneck. The neckline was introduced in the 1920s by Madeleine Vionnet based on her study of ancient Grecian sculptures. The style is named for the cowl, a feature of monastic dress that serves as both a collar and a hood.

Madeleine Vionnet
Madeleine Vionnet (pronounced [madlɛn vjɔnɛ]; June 22, 1876 – March 2, 1975) was a French fashion designer best known for being the "pioneer of the bias cut dress". Vionnet trained in London before returning to France to establish her first fashion house in Paris in 1912. Although it was forced to close in 1914 at the outbreak of the First World War, it re-opened after the war and Vionnet became one of the leading designers of 1920s-30s Paris.  Vionnet was forced to close her house again in 1939 at the start of the Second World War and she retired in 1940.

Called "perhaps the greatest geometrician among all French couturiers" in 1925 British Vogue, Vionnet is best known today for her elegant Grecian-style dresses and for popularising the bias cut within the fashion world and is credited with inspiring a number of recent designers.
Shodo Girls
Shodo Girls: Watashitachi no Koshien (書道ガールズ!!　わたしたちの甲子園) is a 2010 Japanese film. This film is based on the story behind the Shodō Performance Kōshien, a performance calligraphy competition in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Directed by Ryuichi Inomata, this film stars actress Riko Narumi as the head of the school's calligraphy club. Set in Shikokuchuo, a town famous for its calligraphy paper, Shodo Girls tells the story of three high school girls who revived the depression-battered town by organizing a performance calligraphy competition.

Shodo Girls was featured at the 2010 Cannes market, an event that runs concurrently with the Cannes Film Festival. It was subsequently released in Japan on 15 May 2010. In total, Shodo Girls grossed a total of US$1,394,221 in Japan and Taiwan.

Hitomi Miyauchi
Hitomi Miyauchi (宮内ひとみ, Hitomi Miyaūchi; born October 17, 1992), is a Japanese gravure idol and actress who won "Miss Magazine 2008". Formerly known by the stage name Nanami Sakuraba, she announced in November 2024 that she would be leaving Sweet Power and continuing her career under her real name.
2017 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' singles
Alejandro Davidovich Fokina won the title, defeating Axel Geller in the final, 7–6(7–2), 6–3.

Denis Shapovalov was the defending champion, but chose to compete in the gentlemen's singles event instead. He lost to Jerzy Janowicz in the first round.

Axel Geller
Axel Geller (born 1 April 1999) is an Argentine former tennis player. Geller was ranked as high as world No. 539 in singles, which he achieved in August 2019, by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), and had claimed six singles and doubles titles on the International Tennis Federation (ITF)'s World Tennis Tour between 2018 and 2019.

In 2017, he became the No. 1-ranked junior after winning the doubles title at Wimbledon and placing runner-up in both singles finals at Wimbledon and the US Open. Geller later attended Stanford University, where he played for the men's tennis team. Following his graduation from Stanford in 2022, he announced his retirement from tennis in order to pursue a career in finance.
Phoning Home (book)
Phoning Home is a collection of autobiographical essays by Jacob Appel, published in 2014 by the University of South Carolina Press.  The collection won the New Haven Prize in 2014 and a finalist for the Housatonic Book Award in 2015.

Four of the essays were previously short-listed for The Best American Essays in the years 2007, 2011, 2012, and 2013.  Essays in the collection had earlier been published in Massachusetts Review, Briar Cliff Review, Georgetown Review, Midstream, Tiferet, Southwest Review, Passages North, North Dakota Quarterly, Alligator Juniper, Southeast Review, Kenyon Review, CutBank and Chattahoochee Review.

Jacob M. Appel
Jacob M. Appel (born February 21, 1974) is an American polymath, author, bioethicist, physician, lawyer, and social critic. He is best known for his short stories, his work as a playwright, and his writing in the fields of reproductive ethics, organ donation, neuroethics, and euthanasia. He is also an authority on the health of United States Presidents.

Appel's novel The Man Who Wouldn't Stand Up won the Dundee International Book Prize in 2012. He is the director of Ethics Education in Psychiatry and a professor of psychiatry and medical education at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and he practices emergency psychiatry at the adjoining Mount Sinai Health System. Appel is the subject of the 2019 documentary film Jacob by director Jon Stahl.

Appel coined the term "whitecoat washing" to refer to nations using medical collaboration to distract from human rights abuses.
Wolves of Winter
"Wolves of Winter" is a song by Scottish alternative rock band Biffy Clyro, and the first single from the band's seventh studio album, Ellipsis. It was released on 21 March 2016 and premiered as Zane Lowe's World Record on Beats 1. It was later sent to alternative radio in the United States on 15 August 2017 as the album's sixth domestic single.

Ellipsis (Biffy Clyro album)
Ellipsis is the seventh studio album by Scottish alternative rock band Biffy Clyro. It was produced by Rich Costey and released on 8 July 2016. Ellipsis entered the UK charts at number one, making it Biffy Clyro's second number one album, after 2013's Opposites.
National Institute of Electronics (Pakistan)
The National Institute of Electronics (NIE) (قومی ادارہ برائے تحقیقِ الیکترانیات) is an autonomous research institution under administrative control of the Ministry of Science and Technology (Pakistan) of the Pakistan. Zawar Hussain is current Director General.

Ministry of Science and Technology (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Science and Technology (Urdu: وزارتِ سائنس و فنیات,  wazarat-e-science-o-technology) (abbreviated as MoST) is a Cabinet-level Ministry of the Government of Pakistan concerned with Science and Technology in Pakistan and in general, Pakistan's science policy, planning, coordination and directing of efforts to initiate and launch scientific and technological programs as well as projects aimed at economic development.

The ministry is coordinated by the Federal Minister for Science and Technology who is currently Agha Hassan Baloch and is headquartered in Islamabad.
The Mystery of Marie Roget (film)
The Mystery of Marie Roget is a 1942 mystery film starring Patric Knowles. The story was adapted from the short story "The Mystery of Marie Rogêt" written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1842. The film, directed by Phil Rosen and produced by Universal Pictures, is set in 1889.

Patric Knowles
Patric Knowles (born Reginald Lawrence Knowles; 11 November 1911 – 23 December 1995) was an English film actor. Born in Horsforth, West Riding of Yorkshire, he later changed his name to reflect his Irish heritage.  He made his film debut in 1932, and played either first or second film leads throughout his career. He appeared in films from the 1930s to the 1970s.
St Joseph and St Francis Xavier Church
St Joseph and St Francis Xavier Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Richmond, North Yorkshire. It is situated between Newbiggin and Victoria Road to the south of Richmondshire Cricket Club. The church was built in 1868 and was designed by George Goldie. It was founded by the Society of Jesus and it is a Grade II listed building.

Richmond, North Yorkshire
Richmond is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is located at the point where Swaledale, the upper valley of the River Swale, opens into the Vale of Mowbray. The town's population at the 2011 census was 8,413. The town is 13 miles (21 km) north-west of Northallerton, the county town, and 41 miles (66 km) north-west of York.

In the Domesday Book of 1086 the area was collected under Yorkshire and the town was in the Gilling Wapentake. After the book it became the centre for wapentakes in the Honour of Richmond for the North Riding of Yorkshire. Between 1974 and 2023 the town was the administrative centre of the Richmondshire district of the North Yorkshire non-metropolitan county. Richmond is located near the eastern boundary of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, for which it has become a tourist centre.
USNS Sgt. William R. Button
USNS Sgt. William R. Button (T-AK-3012), formerly MV Sgt. William R. Button (AK-3012), is the fifth ship of the 2nd Lt. John P. Bobo-class cargo ship built in 1986. The ship is named after Sergeant William Robert Button, an American Marine who was awarded the Medal of Honor during the first United States occupation of Haiti for assassinating the Haitian freedom fighter Charlemagne Peralte.

William Robert Button
William Robert Button (December 3, 1895 – April 15, 1921) was a United States Marine who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in the assassination of Haitian nationalist leader Charlemagne Péralte in 1919 during the United States occupation of Haiti.
Stratford, Ontario
Stratford is a city on the Avon River within Perth County in southwestern Ontario, Canada, with a 2021 population of 33,232 in a land area of 30.02 square kilometres (11.59 sq mi). Stratford is the seat of Perth County, which was settled by English, Irish, Scottish and German immigrants, in almost equal numbers, starting in the 1820s but primarily in the 1830s and 1840s. Most became farmers; even today, the area around Stratford is known for mixed farming, dairying and hog production.

The area was settled by Europeans in 1832, and the town and river were named after Stratford-upon-Avon, England. Stratford was incorporated as a town in 1859 and as a city in 1886. The first mayor was John Corry Wilson Daly. The swan has become a symbol of the city. Each year, twenty-four white swans are released into the Avon River. The town is noted for the Stratford Festival, which performs Shakespearean plays and other genres from May to October.

John Corry Wilson Daly
Lieutenant-Colonel John Corry Wilson Daly (24 March 1796 – 1 April 1878) was a Canadian politician, businessperson, militia officer, and the first Mayor of Stratford, Ontario.

Daly was born in Liverpool, England, and educated in Ireland.  He served as a surgeon's assistant in the Royal Navy.  He moved to Stratford in 1833, becoming post-master and opening the town's first store.  He is often regarded as Stratford's founder, although he was not the first person to live there.

Until 2017, Daly was mistakenly credited with watercolour work by Caroline Louisa Daly held in Confederation Centre Art Gallery on Prince Edward Island, despite a lack of evidence that he ever painted.
Taken Out
Taken Out is an Australian television dating game show that was originally broadcast on Network Ten between 1 September 2008 and 26 February 2009. The format was developed by FremantleMedia (now Fremantle) and was hosted by James Kerley.

International versions were developed using various titles, starting in 2008 in Denmark as Dagens Mand (Today's Man) and in 2009 in the Netherlands as Take Me Out. This title was also used for the British, Irish, Philippine and the American versions of the show. A rebooted Australian version, renamed to Take Me Out, hosted by comedian Joel Creasey, aired on the Seven Network from 3 September until 27 November 2018.

Versions have also been made in Sweden, Indonesia, Japan, China, Spain,  Finland, Thailand, Germany, Italy, France, Malaysia, Taiwan, Canada (Quebec), Vietnam and Lebanon.

Dating game show
Dating game shows are game shows that incorporates a variety of matchmaking systems and services in the form of a game with clear rules. Human matchmaking is involved only in selecting the game's contestants, who are usually selected more for the amusement value than any concern for their happiness or compatibility. The audience sees only the game; an important feature of all dating game shows is that the contestants have little or no previous knowledge of each other, and are exposed to each other only through the game, which may include viewing a photograph or at least knowing the basic criteria for participation (typically participants are not already married).

There have been a number of dating shows aired on television over the years, using a variety of formats and rules. They are presented for the entertainment of the viewers. As the genre progressed, the format developed towards a reality-style show and more into a relationship show than simply finding a mate.
Leka keppe
The leka keppe (Sarotherodon lohbergeri) or keppi, is a species of cichlid essentially endemic to Lake Barombi Mbo in western Cameroon, but additionally two juveniles have been found in the Kumba Stream (Kake River), a tributary of the lake's outlet.  This species reaches a length of 16.2 centimetres (6.4 in) SL. It is threatened because of pollution and sedimentation due to human activities. It is potentially also threatened by large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the lake's bottom (compare Lake Nyos), although studies indicate that Barombo Mbo lacks excess amounts of this gas.

This schooling species feeds on algae, tiny organisms such as rotifers and organic debris.

The specific name honours Karl Lohberger, who is thought to have been Holly's colleague at the Naturhistorisches Staatsmuseum  in Vienna, he  published six papers on fishes in 1929-1930 and then disappeared from the ichthyological record.

Lake Barombi Mbo
Lake Barombi Mbo or Barombi-ma-Mbu is a lake near Kumba in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. It is located in the Cameroon volcanic chain, and is the largest volcanic lake in this region. It is one of the oldest radiocarbon-dated lakes in Africa, with the youngest lava flow in it being about one million years old. On old colonial maps the area was known as Elefanten Sea (Elephant Lake), but the elephants living in the area were extirpated due to ivory trading.
Nilpotent group
In mathematics, specifically group theory, a nilpotent group G is a group that has an upper central series that terminates with G. Equivalently, it has a central series of finite length or its lower central series terminates with {1}.

Intuitively, a nilpotent group is a group that is "almost abelian". This idea is motivated by the fact that nilpotent groups are solvable, and for finite nilpotent groups, two elements having relatively prime orders must commute. It is also true that finite nilpotent groups are supersolvable. The concept is credited to work in the 1930s by Russian mathematician Sergei Chernikov.

Nilpotent groups arise in Galois theory, as well as in the classification of groups. They also appear prominently in the classification of Lie groups.

Analogous terms are used for Lie algebras (using the Lie bracket) including nilpotent, lower central series, and upper central series.

Nilpotent Lie algebra
In mathematics, a Lie algebra  is nilpotent if its lower central series terminates in the zero subalgebra. The lower central series is the sequence of subalgebras

We write , and  for all . If the lower central series eventually arrives at the zero subalgebra, then the Lie algebra is called nilpotent. The lower central series for Lie algebras is analogous to the lower central series in group theory, and nilpotent Lie algebras are analogs of nilpotent groups.

The nilpotent Lie algebras are precisely those that can be obtained from abelian Lie algebras, by successive central extensions.

Note that the definition means that, viewed as a non-associative non-unital algebra, a Lie algebra  is nilpotent if it is nilpotent as an ideal.
Tingley Memorial Hall, Claflin College
Tingley Memorial Hall is a historic academic building located on the campus of Claflin University at Orangeburg, Orangeburg County, South Carolina. It was built in 1908, and is a two-story, brick Classical Revival style building. The buildings serves as the main building on the Claflin College campus. The hipped and gable roof is topped by an octagonal cupola.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is located in the Claflin College Historic District.

Orangeburg, South Carolina
Orangeburg is the principal city in and the county seat of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population of the city was 13,964 according to the 2020 census. The city is located 37 miles southeast of Columbia, on the north fork of the Edisto River.

Two historically black institutions of higher education are located in Orangeburg: Claflin University (a liberal arts college) and South Carolina State University (a public university).
The Clocks of Iraz
The Clocks of Iraz is a fantasy novel by American writer L. Sprague de Camp, the second book of both his Novarian series and the "Reluctant King" trilogy featuring King Jorian of Xylar by Iraz Modasser and Farah Modasser. It was first published as a paperback by Pyramid Books in 1971. It was reprinted by Del Rey Books in December 1983, March 1984, and July 1989. It was later gathered together with the other books in the trilogy, The Goblin Tower (1968) and The Unbeheaded King (1983), into the omnibus collection The Reluctant King (Nelson Doubleday/SFBC, February 1985). An E-book edition was published by Gollancz's SF Gateway imprint on September 29, 2011, as part of a general release of de Camp's works in electronic form. The novel has been translated into Portuguese, Italian, French, German and Dutch.

Novarian series
The Novarian series is a sequence of fantasy stories by L. Sprague de Camp, published between 1968 and 1989. The series contains some of de Camp's most innovative works of fantasy, featuring explorations of various political systems, an inversion of the "rags to royalty" pattern characteristic of much heroic fantasy, a satiric look at the foibles of humanity through the eyes of a demon, and a consistently wry and ironic take on conventions of the genre that plays out by taking them to their logical (or illogical) conclusions. Another singular feature of the series is its frequent use of folk tales integrated into the plot to painlessly convey something of the background and history of the invented world. This device obviates the need for lengthy appendices, as in The Lord of the Rings.
Bahun
Bahun (Nepali: बाहुन), also known as Hill Brahmins, are a Brahmin varna among the Khas of Nepal. They are a sub-caste of the Kanyakubja Brahmin while their origins are from Kannauj and the Himalayan belt of South Asia. According to the 2011 Nepal census, Bahun is the second most populous group after Chhetri.

According to 1854 Muluki Ain, the first Nepalese civil code, Bahuns were regarded as caste among sacred thread bearers (Tagadhari) and twice-born Hindus.

Jhapa District
Jhapa District (Nepali: झापा जिल्ला; Listenⓘ) is a district of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal named after a Rajbanshi Surjapuri language word "Jhapa", meaning "to cover" (verb). The 2021 Nepal Census, puts the total population of the district at 994,090. The total area of the district is 1,606 square kilometres.
Wolfstein (Verbandsgemeinde)
Wolfstein (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔlfˌʃtaɪ̯n] ⓘ) is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Kusel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde was in Wolfstein. On 1 July 2014 it merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

The Verbandsgemeinde Wolfstein consisted of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

Aschbach

Einöllen

Eßweiler

Hefersweiler

Hinzweiler

Jettenbach

Kreimbach-Kaulbach

Nußbach

Oberweiler im Tal

Oberweiler-Tiefenbach

Reipoltskirchen

Relsberg

Rothselberg

Rutsweiler an der Lauter

Wolfstein

Oberweiler im Tal
Oberweiler im Tal is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

In the south at the municipal limit with Eßweiler stands a ruined castle, the Sprengelburg, which was built about 1300.