hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline (trade name Aureomycin, Lederle Laboratories) is a tetracycline antibiotic, the first tetracycline to be identified. It was discovered in 1945 at Lederle Laboratories under the supervision of Yellapragada Subbarow and Benjamin Minge Duggar. They were helped by Louis T. Wright, a surgeon who conducted this medication's first human trials. Duggar identified the antibiotic as the product of an actinomycete he cultured from the  soil of Sanborn Field at the University of Missouri.  The organism was named Streptomyces aureofaciens and the isolated drug, Aureomycin, because of the molecule's intense golden-yellow color.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Sanborn Field
Sanborn Field is an agricultural experiment field, located on the University of Missouri campus in Columbia, Missouri.  Established in 1888, it was the first facility in the United States intended to measure erosion and run-off for differing crops and agricultural practices.  Work at Sanborn Field was influential in the establishment of soil conservation policy in the United States.  The field was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964.

The field is currently managed as part of the Agricultural Extension Station under the university's School of Natural Resources.
Sarah Micklem
Sarah Micklem is the author of the best-selling fantasy novel, Firethorn. She began writing after many years as a graphic designer and spent fourteen years working for Time Warner, designing for a children's magazine in New York City. She wrote Firethorn while working as the art director for the magazine, with the second part of the trilogy titled Wildfire. She is the second daughter of three children, of a schoolteacher father and an activist mother. She received her high school G.E.D and graduated from Princeton University. She lives with her husband, poet and playwright Cornelius Eady, in New York City and Indiana, where she teaches fiction at the University of Notre Dame.

Cornelius Eady
Cornelius Eady (born 1954) is an American writer focusing largely on matters of race and society. His poetry, often praised for its simplicity and plainspokenness, centers on jazz and blues, family life, violence, and societal problems stemming from questions of race and class. He is a cofounder of the Cave Canem fellowship for poets of the African diaspora.
Blanzac-Porcheresse
Blanzac-Porcheresse (French pronunciation: [blɑ̃zak pɔʁʃəʁɛs]) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Coteaux du Blanzacais.

Coteaux du Blanzacais
Coteaux du Blanzacais (French pronunciation: [kɔto dy blɑ̃zakɛ]) is a commune in the department of Charente, southwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Blanzac-Porcheresse (the seat) and Cressac-Saint-Genis. On 1 January 2019, the former commune of Saint-Léger was merged into Coteaux du Blanzacais.
2003 Vaughan municipal election
The City of Vaughan 2003 Municipal Election took place on 10 November 2003. One mayor, three regional councillors and five local councillors have been elected for the city of Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. In addition, local school trustees have been elected to the York Region District School Board, York Catholic District School Board, Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest and Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud. These elections were held in conjunction with all other municipalities across Ontario. (see 2003 Ontario municipal elections).

Following the resignation of Ward 5 local councillor, Susan Kadis on July 9, 2004, a by-election was held on November 25, 2004.

Vaughan
Vaughan (/vɑːn/ vawn) (2021 population 323,103) is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Regional Municipality of York, just north of Toronto. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increasing by 80.2% during this time period and having nearly doubled in population since 1991. In 2021, the population of Vaughan was 323,103. It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area, and the 17th-largest city in Canada.
Karma Triyana Dharmachakra
Karma Triyana Dharmachakra is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Woodstock, New York, United States, which serves as the North American seat of the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa, head of the Karma Kagyu lineage. It was founded in 1976 by the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa with Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche as abbot.  He held this position until his death in 2019.  The
Third Bardor Tulku Rinpoche stayed in the United States to help Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche and Mr. Tenzin Chonyi establish and develop Karma Triyana Dharmachakra.

Third Bardor Tulku Rinpoche
The Third Bardor Tulku Rinpoche' (Tibetan: འབར་རྡོར་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ།, Wylie: bar-rdor sprul-sku; May 1, 1949 – April 1, 2021) was a Tibetan Buddhist teacher, a holder of the religious lineage of Terchen Barway Dorje. Rinpoche is the founder of a Tibetan Buddhist center, Kunzang Palchen Ling, and the Raktrul Foundation, in Red Hook, New York.
Highland Park station (Los Angeles Metro)
Highland Park station is an at-grade light rail station on the A Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located at the intersection of North Avenue 57 at Marmion Way (one block north of North Figueroa Street) in the Highland Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, after which the station is named. The station opened on July 26, 2003, as part of the original Gold Line, then known as the "Pasadena Metro Blue Line" project.

The original Highland Park station and freight depot, for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, was demolished in 1965.

During the construction and planning stages, Highland Park station was originally planned to be named Avenue 57 station, named for nearby Avenue 57. It was one of three stations to be renamed shortly before the line's opening.

The station features an architectural sculpture, called 'Stone Tree Inverted Post (Bound Water Light),' created by artist Jud Fine.

Figueroa Street
Figueroa Street is a major north–south street in Los Angeles County, California, spanning from the Los Angeles neighborhood of Wilmington north to Eagle Rock. A short, unconnected continuation of Figueroa Street runs just south of Marengo Drive in Glendale to Chevy Chase Drive in La Cañada Flintridge.
Emperor Kazan
Emperor Kazan (花山天皇, Kazan-tennō; November 29, 968 – March 17, 1008) was the 65th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

Kazan's reign spanned the years from 984 through 986.

Gangyō-ji
Gankei-ji (元慶寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Kitakazan Kawaramachi, neighborhood of Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan. It belongs to the Tendai sect of Japanese Buddhism and its honzon is a statue of Yakushi Nyorai. It is more commonly known throughout its history as "Gangyō-ji" from an alternative transliteration of the kanji in its name. The temple's full name is Kazan-yama Gankei-ji (華頂山 元慶寺).  The temple is a "bangai" temple located between the 14th and 15th stops on the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage route.
Belgrave and Birstall railway station
Belgrave and Birstall railway station was a railway station opened by the Great Central Railway in 1899. It served the villages of Belgrave and Birstall in Leicestershire. It closed in 1963. In 1991 Leicester North railway station was opened immediately to the south of Belgrave and Birstall railway station by the preserved Great Central heritage railway. It is representative of the 1960s when the line was under the control of British Railways Midland Region. It is the southern terminus of the railway.
52°40′7.24″N 1°7′58.72″W﻿ / ﻿52.6686778°N 1.1329778°W﻿ / 52.6686778; -1.1329778

Belgrave, Leicester
Belgrave is an area, suburb, electoral ward and administrative division of the city of Leicester, in the ceremonial county of Leicestershire, England. Belgrave is the location of and known for several notable and famous landmarks such as the National Space Centre, Space Park Leicester, Abbey Pumping Station, the Golden Mile and Belgrave Hall. It is also noted for being the location of businesses such as British United Shoe Machinery and Wolsey.

The Old Belgrave Village, containing the Belgrave Conservation Area, including Belgrave Hall, Belgrave House, St Peter's Church and The Talbot Pub is to the west of Loughborough Road and to the east of the River Soar.
Depth-first search
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. Extra memory, usually a stack, is needed to keep track of the nodes discovered so far along a specified branch which helps in backtracking of the graph.

A version of depth-first search was investigated in the 19th century by French mathematician Charles Pierre Trémaux as a strategy for solving mazes.

Maze-solving algorithm
A maze-solving algorithm is an automated method for solving a maze. The random mouse, wall follower, Pledge, and Trémaux's algorithms are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas the dead-end filling and shortest path algorithms are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once.

Mazes containing no loops are known as "simply connected", or "perfect" mazes, and are equivalent to a tree in graph theory.  Maze-solving algorithms are closely related to graph theory. Intuitively, if one pulled and stretched out the paths in the maze in the proper way, the result could be made to resemble a tree.
Cardiac cycle
The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, following a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, called systole. After emptying, the heart relaxes and expands to receive another influx of blood returning from the lungs and other systems of the body, before again contracting.

Assuming a healthy heart and a typical rate of 70 to 75 beats per minute, each cardiac cycle, or heartbeat, takes about 0.8 second to complete the cycle. Duration of the cardiac cycle is inversely proportional to the heart rate.

Aorta
The aorta (/eɪˈɔːrtə/ ay-OR-tə; pl.: aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation.
Vertumnus (Arcimboldo)
Vertumnus is an oil painting produced by the Italian painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo in 1591 that consists of multiple fruits, vegetables and flowers that come together to create a portrait of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II. Although Arcimboldo's colleagues commented that Vertumnus was scherzo, or humorous, there were intentional political meanings behind the piece, particularly regarding the choice of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Arcimboldo's choice to include these items was also an intentional reference to the Roman god, Vertumnus.

Vertumnus was presented to Rudolf II after its completion. It was looted by the Swedish army after the Thirty Years' War. Although art historians lost track of Vertumnus after this shift, it reappeared in 1845 in Sweden in Skokloster Castle, where it remains.

Skokloster Castle
Skokloster Castle (Swedish: Skoklosters slott) is a Swedish Baroque castle built between 1654 and 1676 by Carl Gustaf Wrangel, located on a peninsula of Lake Mälaren between Stockholm and Uppsala. It became a state museum in the 1970s and displays collections of paintings, furniture, textiles and tableware as well as books and weapons that amount to 20,000 items.
Shenandoah Community School District
40°45′24″N 95°22′09″W﻿ / ﻿40.756702°N 95.369078°W﻿ / 40.756702; -95.369078

Shenandoah Community School District is a school district headquartered in Shenandoah, Iowa. It operates Shenandoah Elementary School, Shenandoah Middle School, and Shenandoah High School.

Its boundaries include Shenandoah, Imogene, and Northboro, as well as almost all of Farragut. It is mostly in Fremont and Page counties with small portions in Mills and Montgomery counties.

The district took control of the school buildings of the Farragut Community School District, which closed in 2016. Most of the Farragut district east of M-16, including Farragut and Imogene, was assigned to Shenandoah CSD.

The school's mascot are the Mustangs & Fillies. Their colors are maroon and white.

It is one of several school districts that accepts high school students from the K-8 Hamburg Community School District of Hamburg.

Farragut Community School District
Farragut Community School District  was a school district headquartered in Farragut, Iowa. Its territory included the communities of Farragut, Imogene, and Riverton. The district, from 2011 to 2016, also served secondary school students residing in Hamburg. The state of Iowa forced the district to close effective 2016.
Neocamarosporium betae
Neocamarosporium betae is a plant pathogen infecting Beta vulgaris (beet) and causes Phoma leaf spot.
It was originally published and described in 1877 as Pleospora betae before being resolved as Neocamarosporium betae (Berl.) Ariyaw. & K.D. Hyde in 2015. 
It also causes leaf spot on Spinach plants.

It contains the chemical substances betaenone A, B and C. Pleospora betae develops on dead beet residues and is a marsupial stage of the Phoma betae anamorph, parasitizing on beets and causing a number of harmful diseases.

Betaenone A
Betaenone A, like other betaenones (B and C), is a secondary metabolite isolated from the fungus Pleospora betae, a plant pathogen. Of the seven phytotoxins isolated in fungal leaf spots from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), it showed 73% growth inhibition.
Meldrum Mountain
Meldrum Mountain el. 9,468 feet (2,886 m) is a mountain peak in the southwestern section of the Gallatin Range in the Montana portion of Yellowstone National Park.  The mountain was named in 1962 by the National Park Service for Judge John W. Meldrum (born September 17, 1843, died February 27, 1936) the first U.S. Commissioner in Yellowstone National Park, a position he held for 41 years (1894-1935).

John W. Meldrum
Judge John W. Meldrum (September 17, 1843 – February 27, 1936) was a carpenter, a Wyoming politician and the first U.S. Commissioner in Yellowstone National Park, a position he held for 41 years (1894–1935).
Serravalle Scrivia
Serravalle Scrivia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Serravalle Scrivia borders the following municipalities: Arquata Scrivia, Cassano Spinola, Gavi, Novi Ligure, Stazzano, and Vignole Borbera.

Vignole Borbera
Vignole Borbera (Ligurian: Ei Vgnêue; Genoese: Vigneue) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,154 and an area of 8.5 square kilometres (3.3 sq mi).

The municipality of Vignole Borbera contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Variano Inferiore, Variano Superiore and Precipiano.

Vignole Borbera borders the following municipalities: Arquata Scrivia, Borghetto di Borbera, Grondona, Serravalle Scrivia, and Stazzano.
Edward Hanley (state cabinet secretary)
Edward Thomas Hanley (December 16, 1928 – June 12, 2007) was an American government official who served as Massachusetts Secretary of Administration and Finance and vice chairman of the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority. He was a close aide to Edward J. King beginning during their days at the Massachusetts Port Authority.

Massachusetts Port Authority
Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) is the port authority for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It owns and operates three airports, Logan International Airport, Hanscom Field, and Worcester Regional Airport, and public terminals in the Port of Boston.

Massport is a financially self-sustaining public authority whose transportation facilities generate more than $600 million annually; no state tax dollars are used to fund operations or capital improvements at Massport facilities. Its headquarters is located in the Logan Office Center, adjacent to Logan Airport in East Boston, Massachusetts.
Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering
Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Limited (VSEL) was a shipbuilding company based at Barrow-in-Furness, England that built warships, civilian ships, submarines and armaments. The company was historically the Naval Construction Works of Vickers Armstrongs and has a heritage of building large naval warships and armaments. Through a complicated history the company's shipbuilding division is now BAE Systems Submarine Solutions and the armaments division is now part of BAE Systems Land & Armaments.

BAE Systems Platforms & Services
BAE Systems Platforms & Services is a wholly owned subsidiary of BAE Systems Inc. and is a large provider of tracked and wheeled armored combat vehicles, naval guns, naval ship repair and modernization, artillery and missile launching systems, advanced precision strike munitions and ordnance, and other technologies for US and international customers.

It was created on 24 June 2005, following the completion of BAE Systems' acquisition of United Defense in 2004 and its merger with BAE Systems Land Systems. In 2007, BAE Systems acquired Armor Holdings adding to the size of Land & Armaments significantly.

Until April 2003, BAE Systems was a relatively small player in the land systems industry.  As a result of the acquisitions, it is now one of the largest land systems defence contractors in the world.
La fausse esclave
La fausse esclave (The False Slave) is an opéra comique in one act by Christoph Willibald Gluck. Its French-language libretto based on Louis Anseaume and Pierre-Augustin Lefèvre de Marcouville's libretto for La fausse aventurière (The False Adventuress), an opéra comique by Jean-Louis Laruette. It was first performed on 8 January 1758 at the Burgtheater in Vienna. The full score is lost, but a keyboard version is extant.

Klaus Hortschansky has noted that La fausse esclave is one of Gluck's few stageworks where the composer did not use musical material from prior works, or recycle material from it into future works.

Pierre-Augustin Lefèvre de Marcouville
Pierre-Augustin Lefèvre de Marcouville, called Marcouville, (28 October 1723 – 1790) was an 18th-century French lawyer and playwright.

A lawyer in Parlement, he was secretary to Honoré III, Prince of Monaco and wrote a dozen opéras comiques, alone or in collaboration.
Consoweld
Consoweld or Consoweld Laminated Plastic is a type of High Pressure Laminate, similar to Formica decorative laminate. It was produced by the Consoweld Corporation (formerly Consolidated Papers, Inc.) of Wisconsin Rapids in the 1950s. Consoweld laminate was originally developed for several different products from gaskets to caskets during WWII.  Starting in 1953, the company saw an opportunity in civilian applications producing Decorative Laminate for partitions and countertops. Throughout the next several decades, Consoweld was a major producer of Decorative Laminate, on par with Formica, to the extent that Sears & Roebuck carried some of their products in their catalog. In 1996, the profitable company was sold to Libby Owens Ford (subsequently Trinova Corporation with a Sterling Engineered Products subsidiary.)

Consolidated Papers, Inc.
Consolidated Papers, Inc. (CPI) was a paper manufacturer headquartered in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. It was incorporated as the Consolidated Water Power Company on 16 July 1894. Over time it expanded to include operations in Biron, Stevens Point, Whiting, Appleton and Port Arthur, Ontario. The company was an innovator in the production of coated paper.

In 2000, the company was bought by the Finnish company Stora Enso.  The former Consolidated paper mills were sold in 2007 to NewPage, which was in turn acquired by Verso in 2015.
Roger Palmer (MP, born 1577)
Sir Roger Palmer KB (1577–1657) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  at various times between 1614 and 1644. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War.

Palmer was the second son of Sir Thomas Palmer, 1st Baronet of Wingham, Kent and the elder brother of James Palmer, MP.

He was Cup bearer to Henry and Charles, Princes of Wales.  In 1614, 1624 and 1625 he was elected Member of Parliament for Queenborough.

He was knighted KB at the coronation of Charles I in February 1626 and was Master of the Household to King Charles from 1626 to 1632. He was re-elected MP for Queenborough in 1626 and 1628 and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.

In November 1642, Palmer was elected Member of Parliament for Newton in the Long Parliament to replace Peter Legh, who was killed in a duel.  He supported the King and was disabled from sitting on 22 Jan 1644.

Master of the Household
The Master of the Household is the operational head (see Chief operating officer) of the "below stairs" elements of the Royal Households of the United Kingdom. The role has charge of the domestic staff, from the Royal Kitchens, the pages and footmen, to the porters, housekeeper and their staff. The appointment has its origin in the household reforms of 1539-40; it is under the (now purely nominal) supervision of the Lord Steward.

Since 2004 the Office of the Prince of Wales has included a Master of the Household.
Ahmad Madani
Ahmad Madani (Persian: احمد مدنی; July/August 1929 – 12 February 2006) was an Iranian politician, Commander of Iranian Navy (1979), governor of the Khuzestan province (1979–80) and candidate in the first Iranian presidential election. Madani became a navy Commodore in 1970, but was removed in 1973. He later became a navy commander after the revolution and was the first ever Minister of Defence under the new regime. Madani was also elected to the first parliament from Kerman, but was not approved. He eventually fled to the United States in 1980.

1980 Iranian presidential election
Presidential elections were held for the first time in Iran on 25 January 1980, one year after the Iranian Revolution when the Council of the Islamic Revolution was in power. Abolhassan Banisadr was elected president with 76% of the vote.
Caves of King Cintolo
The Caves of King "Cintolo" (Galician: Covas do Rei Cintolo, Spanish: Cueva del Rey Cintolo) are a group of caves, of more than 7,500 meters length, in the outskirts of the City of Mondoñedo, Spain.

Of limestone formation, they include numerous stalactites and stalagmites. They were discovered by archaeologist José Villaamil y Castro in 1870.

Mondoñedo
Mondoñedo (Galician pronunciation: [mondoˈɲeðʊ]) is a small town and municipality in  the Galician province of Lugo, Spain. As of 2009, the town has a population of 4,508. Mondoñedo occupies a sheltered valley among the northern outliers of the Cantabrian Mountains. Despite being the core of the region of A Mariña Central, it is the city with the fifth biggest population after Viveiro, Ribadeo, Foz and Burela.

The municipality of Mondoñedo is in the northern half of the province of Lugo and is bordered on the north by the municipalities of Foz and Alfoz, to the south by Pastoriza and Riotorto, to the east by Lorenzana and to west with Abadín.

The population of Mondoñedo is distributed throughout the 15 parishes that make up the council.