hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Frequency following response
The frequency following response (FFR), also referred to as frequency following potential (FFP) is an evoked potential generated by periodic or nearly-periodic auditory stimuli. Part of the auditory brainstem response (ABR), the FFR reflects sustained neural activity integrated over a population of neural elements: "the brainstem response...can be divided into transient and sustained portions, namely the onset response and the frequency-following response (FFR)". It is often phase-locked to the individual cycles of the stimulus waveform and/or the envelope of the periodic stimuli. It has not been well studied with respect to its clinical utility, although it can be used as part of a test battery for helping to diagnose auditory neuropathy. This may be in conjunction with, or as a replacement for, otoacoustic emissions.

Otoacoustic emission
An otoacoustic emission (OAE) is a sound that is generated from within the inner ear. Having been predicted by Austrian astrophysicist Thomas Gold in 1948, its existence was first demonstrated experimentally by British physicist David Kemp in 1978, and otoacoustic emissions have since been shown to arise through a number of different cellular and mechanical causes within the inner ear. Studies have shown that OAEs disappear after the inner ear has been damaged, so OAEs are often used in the laboratory and the clinic as a measure of inner ear health.

Broadly speaking, there are two types of otoacoustic emissions: spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs), which occur without external stimulation, and evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs), which require an evoking stimulus.
Heart Beats (Dami Im album)
Heart Beats is the third studio album by Australian recording artist Dami Im, released on 14 October 2014 by Sony Music Australia. While Im's previous self-titled debut album consisted of cover songs she performed on The X Factor Australia, Heart Beats features a mixture of original ballads and up-tempo pop songs. Im worked on the album with many songwriters and producers, including Robby De Sa, Jon Hume, Christian Lo Russo, Louis Schoorl, DNA Songs, Trinity and Hayley Warner.

Upon its release, Heart Beats debuted at number seven on the ARIA Albums Chart and became Im's second top-ten album. The album was preceded by the release of its first two singles, "Super Love" and "Gladiator", both of which peaked at number 11 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart. The former also reached the top-twenty on the South Korea Gaon Charts and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association, while the latter was certified gold.

Dami Im (album)
Dami Im is the second studio album by Dami Im, the winner of the fifth season of The X Factor Australia, released through Sony Music Australia on 15 November 2013. The album debuted at number one on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of 70,000 copies. It was preceded by the lead single "Alive", which debuted at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified Platinum for selling 70,000 copies. Im became the first X Factor Australia contestant in ARIA Charts history to follow up a number one single with a number one album.
Islam in Malaysia
Islam in Malaysia is represented by the Shafi‘i school of Sunni jurisprudence. Islam was introduced to Malaysia by traders arriving from Persia, Arabia, China and the Indian subcontinent. It became firmly established in the 15th century. In the Constitution of Malaysia, Islam is granted the status of "religion of the Federation" to symbolize its importance to Malaysian society, while defining Malaysia constitutionally as a secular state. Therefore, other religions can be practiced legally, though freedom of religion is still limited in Malaysia.

Malaysia is a country whose most professed religion is Islam. As of 2024, there were approximately 22.4 million Muslim adherents, or 65% of the population.

Various Islamic holidays such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Mawlid have been declared national holidays alongside Christmas, Chinese New Year, and Deepavali.

Freedom of religion in Malaysia
The Constitution of Malaysia establishes a right to freedom of religion in Article 11. However, Islam is also established as the state religion of the country in article 3, and article 11 provides for legal restrictions on proselytizing to Muslims. According to Freedom House, the country was scored 1 out of 4 for freedom of religion, with 0 being the worst and 4 being the best, in 2023. Muslims themselves are subject to state enforcement of religious practices; they can be fined by the state for not fasting or praying, may be prohibited from converting, and ethnic Malay are legally defined as Muslim. Other religious communities are a large fraction of the population, while individuals with no religious affiliation (atheist, agnostic or other irreligious life stances) are much rarer.
.44 caliber
.44 caliber is a family of large-caliber firearm cartridges and firearms, particularly revolvers. The most well-known is the .44 Magnum which uses a 0.429 to 0.430 inch diameter bullet, depending on jacket or cast. Though less common than the smaller .38 caliber family of cartridges, the caliber is popular with many shooters and the .44 Magnum in particular facilitated the rise of handgun hunting. Its role as the most powerful handgun cartridge has been superseded by various recently developed .45 caliber and .50 caliber handgun chamberings.

The caliber was also common in American Civil War-era cap & ball revolvers such as the Colt Army Model 1860 and the Remington Model 1858, offering more stopping power than the .36 caliber revolvers of the time. Notably, the derringer that John Wilkes Booth used to assassinate Abraham Lincoln was .44 caliber.

11 mm caliber
This is a list of firearm cartridges which have bullets in the 11 millimetres (0.43 in) to 11.99 millimetres (0.472 in) caliber range.

Length refers to the cartridge case length

OAL refers to the overall length of the cartridge

Bullet refers to the diameter of the bullet

All measurements are in millimetres (with inches in parentheses).
El Hortelano
José Alfonso Morera Ortiz (August 6, 1954 – December 19, 2016), commonly known by his artist name, El Hortelano (the horticulturist), was a painter. He was influential in the countercultural movement known as the Movida Madrileña, along with artists like Ouka Leele, Ceesepe, Guillermo Pérez Villalta, film director Pedro Almodóvar, singer Alaska, and photographer Alberto García-Alix. El Hortelano's style of painting evolved over time, and this evolution includes a distorted figurative period, a romantic period of orange tonalities, and, later, a period where lyricism and naturalism were emphasized. Considered one of the most important Spanish artists of his generation, he was awarded the Gold Medal for Merit in Fine Arts on November 3, 2010.

Ceesepe
Carlos Sánchez Pérez (31 May 1958 – 7 September 2018), known professionally as Ceesepe, (Spanish: [θeˈsepe]) was a Spanish painter, comics artist and illustrator. He was especially prolific in drawings and collages, with his style is often classified as pop art. He is considered a major figure in La Movida Madrileña. His pseudonym is based on the Spanish pronunciation of his initials: C: ce, S: ese, P: pe = "Ceesepe".

In 2011, he received Spain's Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts.
Golden–Thompson inequality
In physics and mathematics, the Golden–Thompson inequality is a trace inequality between exponentials of symmetric and Hermitian matrices proved independently by Golden (1965) and Thompson (1965). It has been developed in the context of statistical mechanics, where it has come to have a particular significance.

Trace inequality
In mathematics, there are many kinds of inequalities involving matrices and linear operators on Hilbert spaces. This article covers some important operator inequalities connected with traces of matrices.
Alex Lowes
Alexander Thomas Lowes (born 14 September 1990) is an English motorcycle racer. He signed in October 2019 for the Kawasaki Racing Team in Superbike World Championship as team-mate to multi-world champion Jonathan Rea.

He competed in World Superbike on a Yamaha YZF-R1 for Pata Yamaha Official WorldSBK Team, but learned of the loss of his position from 2020 to Toprak Razgatlioglu in August 2019.

He won 2016, 2017 and 2018 Suzuka 8 Hours and was the 2013 title holder of the British Superbike Championship riding a Honda CBR1000RR for Samsung Honda. He previously raced in the British Supersport Championship and the FIM Superstock 1000 Cup. He is the identical twin brother of fellow rider Sam Lowes.

Jonathan Rea
Jonathan Rea (born 2 February 1987) is a Northern Irish motorcycle racer and six-time Superbike World Champion. He competed full-time in the Superbike World Championship from 2009 to 2025, winning consecutive titles from 2015 to 2020 and amassing a record 119 race wins. Rea announced his retirement from full-time racing in August 2025 and will return to Honda in 2026 as a test rider, also competing in selected Endurance World Championship events.

Previously, Rea was runner-up in the Supersport World Championship for Ten Kate Honda in 2008, and runner-up in the British Superbike Championship in 2007 for HM Plant Honda. He was named Irish Motorcyclist of the Year in 2007, 2008, 2011 and 2016. Rea made two MotoGP starts in 2012, scoring points on both occasions, but was not a regular rider in the championship.
Yoshii Domain
Yoshii Domain (吉井藩, Yoshii-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Kōzuke Province (modern-day Gunma Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Yoshii jin'ya in what is now part of the city of Takasaki, Gunma. Yoshii was ruled through much of its history by a branch of the Takatsukasa clan, which had adopted the patronym of Matsudaira.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Tama New Town
35°37′26″N 139°25′22″E﻿ / ﻿35.6239451°N 139.4228727°E﻿ / 35.6239451; 139.4228727

Tama New Town (多摩ニュータウン, Tama Nyūtaun) is a large residential development, straddling the municipalities of Hachiōji, Tama, Inagi and Machida cities, in Tokyo, Japan. It was designed as a new town in 1965. It is approximately 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) long stretching east-west, and between 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) and 3 km (1.9 mi) wide, located in an expanse of hills known as Tama Hills about 20 kilometers (12 mi) west of the center of the special wards of Tokyo.

It currently has a population of about 200,000, making it the largest housing development in Japan.

Inagi
Inagi (稲城市, Inagi-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 92,585 in 41,592 households, and a population density of 5200 persons per km². The total area of the city was 17.97 square kilometres (17,970,000 m2).
Odd Squad
Odd Squad (stylized in all caps) is a live action children's educational comedy television series created by Tim McKeon and Adam Peltzman. The series premiered on TVOKids in Canada and PBS Kids in the United States on November 26, 2014. Similar to Cyberchase and Peg + Cat, the series involves child characters using mathematical concepts (addition, multiplication, using data in graphs, etc.) to advance each episode's plot. The series features child actors (whose characters are the employees of the "Odd Squad") who use indirect reasoning and basic math to solve and investigate strange happenings in their town.

TVOKids
TVOKids (stylized as tvokids) is the brand for most of the children's programming aired by TVO (formerly TVOntario) in Canada. It was launched on April 1, 1994, and runs from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. daily. The brand also operates two 24-hour online live streams, one that features regular TVOkids programming (simulcast with broadcast television), and another dedicated to its original series Paw Patrol. These channels are targeted at ages from 2 to 11.
Mill Point Settlement Site
Mill Point Settlement Site is a heritage-listed former settlement at Elanda Point at Lake Cootharaba in Como, Shire of Noosa, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c. 1869 to the 1940s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 April 2005.

Shire of Noosa
The Shire of Noosa (/ˈnuːsə/) is a local government area about 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Brisbane in the Sunshine Coast district of South East Queensland, Australia. The shire covers an area of 870 square kilometres (335.9 sq mi). It existed as a local government entity from 1910 until 2008, when it was amalgamated with the Shire of Maroochy and City of Caloundra to form the Sunshine Coast Region. The shire was re-established on 1 January 2014. In the 2021 census, the shire had a population of 56,298 people.
Saturn Award for Best New Media Television Series
The Saturn Award for Best New Media Television Series was one of the annual awards given by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. The Saturn Awards, which are the oldest film and series-specialized awards to reward science fiction, fantasy, and horror achievements, included the category for the first time at the 42nd Saturn Awards ceremony, when the Saturn Award went through major changes in their television categories. It specifically rewards streaming television series created for non-traditional platforms such as Netflix, Amazon, and Hulu. At the 45th Saturn Awards, it was discontinued to make room for the Saturn Awards for best streaming horror/thriller and science fiction/action/fantasy series, in addition to the award for best streaming superhero series.

(NOTE: Year refers to year of eligibility, the actual ceremonies are held the following year)

The winners are listed in bold.

Saturn Award for Best Horror Television Series
The Saturn Award for Best Horror Television Series is one of the annual awards given by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. The Saturn Awards, which are the oldest film and series-specialized awards to reward science fiction, fantasy, and horror achievements, included the category for the first time at the 42nd Saturn Awards ceremony, when the Saturn Award went through major changes in their television categories. It specifically rewards horror on television.

The Walking Dead was the only series to win from the award's introduction in 2016 until 2024, when The Last of Us won. The award received a sister category for streaming series in the horror and thriller genres in 2019 and 2021, awarded to Stranger Things in both years.
Massachusetts Senate's Cape and Islands district
Massachusetts Senate's Cape and Islands district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers 66.7% of Barnstable County, all of Dukes County, and all of Nantucket County population in 2010. Democrat Julian Cyr of Truro has represented the district since 2017. He ran unopposed for re-election in the 2020 Massachusetts general election.

Nantucket
Nantucket (/ˌnænˈtʌkɪt/) is an island in Massachusetts, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) south of the Cape Cod peninsula. Together with the small islands of Tuckernuck and Muskeget, it constitutes the Town and County of Nantucket, a combined county/town government.  Nantucket is the southeasternmost town in both Massachusetts and the New England region. The name "Nantucket" is adapted from similar Algonquian names for the island.

Nantucket is a tourist destination and summer colony. Due to tourists and seasonal residents, the population of the island increases to around 80,000 during the summer months. The average sale price for a single-family home was $2.3 million in the first quarter of 2018.

The National Park Service cites Nantucket, designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1966, as being the "finest surviving architectural and environmental example of a late 18th- and early 19th-century New England seaport town."
Frank Woods (pharmacologist)
Professor Hubert Frank Woods CBE, FRCP, FRCPE, FFPM, FMedSci (1937-2016), known as Frank, was a British pharmacologist.

He was appointed professor of pharmacology and therapeutics at the University of Sheffield in 1976. In 1989 he became Sir George Franklin professor of medicine and was made the University's director of the division of clinical sciences (south). He was dean of the faculty of medicine there from 1988 to 1998.

He served as chair of the General Medical Council's Health Committee, and sat on the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment, and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2001 Birthday Honours, for services to the latter.

He was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, and a Fellow of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine.

He died in January 2016.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
468 Lina
468 Lina, provisional designation 1901 FZ, is a dark Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 18 January 1901, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous asteroid was named for the housemaid of the discoverer's family.

Themis family
The Themis family (adj. Themistian; FIN: 602) is a family of carbonaceous asteroids located in the outer portion of the asteroid belt, at a mean distance of 3.13 AU from the Sun. It is one of the largest families with over 4700 known members, and consists of a well-defined core of larger bodies surrounded by a region of smaller ones. The collisional Themis family is named after its parent body, the asteroid 24 Themis, discovered on 5 April 1853 by Italian astronomer Annibale de Gasparis.
Ron Thompson (blues guitarist)
Ron Thompson (July 5, 1953 – February 15, 2020) was an American electric blues and blues rock guitarist, singer and songwriter. Thompson released nine albums after 1983 on labels including Blind Pig.  He worked with Little Joe Blue, John Lee Hooker, Lowell Fulson, Etta James and Big Mama Thornton.

Thompson commented on his preferred style, "blues is like a medicine, or religion to me, it'll cleanse your soul". Meanwhile, Mick Fleetwood stated, "Ron Thompson is my favorite guitarist".

Lowell Fulson
Lowell Fulson (March 31, 1921 – March 7, 1999) was an American blues guitarist and songwriter, in the West Coast blues tradition. He also recorded for contractual reasons as Lowell Fullsom and Lowell Fulsom. After T-Bone Walker, he was the most important figure in West Coast blues in the 1940s and 1950s.
Daniel V. Asay
Daniel V. Asay (June 26, 1847 – May 2, 1930) was an American iceboat racer. He claimed to be the oldest ice yacht sailor in the world. His ice boat Gull competed in more races than any other in its class.

Iceboat
An iceboat (occasionally spelled ice boat or traditionally called an ice yacht) is a recreational or competition sailing craft supported on metal runners for traveling over ice. One of the runners is steerable. Originally, such craft were boats with a support structure, riding on the runners and steered with a rear blade, as with a conventional rudder. As iceboats evolved, the structure became a frame with a seat or cockpit for the iceboat sailor, resting on runners. Steering was shifted to the front.

Because of their low resistance to forward motion over ice, iceboats are capable of speeds exceeding 60 miles per hour (100 km/h). Because of their speed, iceboats are used both for recreation and for racing. Racing craft typically carry one person.

A related activity, land sailing, employs sailing craft similar to iceboats, but riding on wheels instead of runners.
Band (rock and pop)
A rock band or pop band is a small musical ensemble that performs rock music, pop music, or a related genre. A four-piece band is the most common configuration in rock and pop music. In the early years, the configuration was typically two guitarists (a lead guitarist and a rhythm guitarist, with one of them singing lead vocals), a bassist, and a drummer (e.g. the Beatles and Kiss). Another common formation is a vocalist who does not play an instrument, electric guitarist, bass guitarist, and a drummer (e.g. the Who, the Monkees, Led Zeppelin and U2). Sometimes, in addition to electric guitars, electric bass, and drums, also a keyboardist (especially a pianist) plays.

Additionally, rock and pop bands can also include boy bands or girl bands, which many times have bands where the members do not play any instruments but sing and dance instead. Such is the case of Menudo, the Spice Girls and K-pop groups, for example.

All-female band
An all-female band is a musical group in popular music that is exclusively composed of female musicians. This is distinct from a girl group, in which the female members are solely vocalists, though this terminology is not universally followed. While all-male bands are common in many rock and pop scenes, all-female bands are less common.
15th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th Secretariat, formally the Secretariat of the 15th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was nominated by the 15th Politburo Standing Committee and approved by the 1st plenary session of the 15th Central Committee on 19 September 1997, in the aftermath of the 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This electoral term was preceded by the 14th Secretariat and succeeded by the 16th in 2002.

15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1997 to 2002. The 14th Central Committee preceded it. It was followed by the 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. This was the first Central Committee that current CCP general secretary Xi Jinping was elected to, as an alternative member.

It elected the 15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party in 1997. Plenary sessions were held by the politburo.