hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vasudhara
Vasudhārā whose name means "stream of gems" in Sanskrit, also known as "Gold Tara", is the Buddhist goddess of wealth, prosperity, and abundance. Her popularity peaks in Nepal where she has a strong following among the Buddhist Newars of the Kathmandu Valley and is thus a central figure in Newar Buddhism. She is one of the most popular goddesses worshipped in many Buddhist countries and is a subject of Buddhist legends and art.

Her short mantra originated from Nepal is Oṃ Vasudhārāyai Svāhā, is now followed across India and beyond.

Newar Buddhism
Newar Buddhism is a form of Vajrayana Buddhism practiced by the Newar people of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. It has developed unique socio-religious elements, which include a non-monastic Buddhist society based on the Newar caste system and patrilineality.

Although there was a vibrant regional tradition of Buddhism in the Kathmandu Valley during the first millennium, the transformation into a distinctive cultural and linguistic form of Buddhism appears to have taken place in the fifteenth century, at about the same time that similar regional forms of Indic Buddhism such as those of Kashmir and Indonesia were on the wane.
Hajj cough
Hajj cough is the informal name for a respiratory tract infection that tends to spread among pilgrims in the crowded conditions of the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, known as Hajj. There is much research that on the health of the pilgrims before, during, and after their trip, as well as on the causes and remedies of the ailments.

Respiratory tract infection
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infectious diseases involving the lower or upper respiratory tract. An infection of this type usually is further classified as an upper respiratory tract infection (URI or URTI) or a lower respiratory tract infection (LRI or LRTI). Lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, tend to be far more severe than upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold.
Dubingiai massacre
The Dubingiai massacre was a mass murder of Lithuanian civilians committed by the Polish Home Army (AK) in the town of Dubingiai and its surroundings on 23 June 1944.

The Dubingiai massacre started a wider Polish Home Army (AK) operation in which units beyond the 5th Brigade were involved. By the end of June 1944, a total of 70–100 Lithuanians were killed in Dubingiai and the neighbouring villages of Joniškis, Inturkė, Bijutiškis, and Giedraičiai. While Nazi collaborators were ostensibly the prime targets, the victims also included the elderly, children, and infants of 4 and 11 months.

The AK's 5th Wilno Brigade committed the massacre in reprisal for the Glinciszki (Glitiškės) massacre of Polish civilians done on 20 June 1944 by the 258th Lithuanian Police Battalion. Further conflicts between Lithuanian and Polish units were prevented by the Soviet capture of Vilnius in mid-July 1944.

Vilnius offensive
The Vilnius offensive (Lithuanian: Vilniaus operacija; Russian: Вильнюсская наступательная операция, lit. 'Vilnius offensive operation') occurred as part of the third phase of Operation Bagration, the Soviet Red Army's strategic summer offensive against the German Wehrmacht in June and July 1944. It lasted from 5 July to 13 July 1944 and ended with a Soviet victory.

During the offensive, Soviet forces encircled and captured the city of Vilnius; this phase is sometimes referred to as the Battle of Vilnius. However, 3,000 German soldiers of the encircled garrison managed to break out with their commander, Reiner Stahel.
Seven-Eleven Japan
Seven-Eleven Japan Co., Ltd. (株式会社セブン‐イレブン・ジャパン; Kabushiki gaisha Sebun Irebun Japan, often abbreviated as SEJ) is a Japanese convenience store chain headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It is a subsidiary of Seven & I Holdings and the parent of 7-Eleven, Inc., which owns the global 7-Eleven franchise.

The company was established in 1959 as York Seven (ヨークセブン, Yōku Sebun) by the supermarket chain Ito-Yokado in collaboration with Southland Corporation, now known as 7-Eleven, Inc, an American convenience store chain. As of 2022, Seven-Eleven is the largest convenience store chain in Japan in terms of sales and number of stores. Additionally, it is one of the largest retail chains in Japan in terms of sales. In November 2005, it acquired full ownership of the original 7-Eleven, Inc.

Ito-Yokado
Ito-Yokado Co., Ltd. (株式会社イトーヨーカ堂, Kabushiki-gaisha Itō Yōkadō) is a Japanese general merchandise, shopping center, grocery store and department store originally founded in 1920. In 2005, it was reorganized, as part of a corporate restructuring, as a subsidiary of the Seven & I Holdings Co.

As of February 2023, there were 126 Ito-Yokado stores operating in Japan. In 2023 the company announced that it would be closing down 33 stores. Ito-Yokado entered the Chinese market in 1996, opening the first store in Chengdu, Sichuan province. As of 2023, the company has 12 stores in China, with 1 in Beijing, 11 in Sichuan.
Metro Toronto Parks and Culture
Metro Toronto Parks and Culture was a department within the former regional municipality of Metropolitan Toronto.

The department was responsible for maintaining major parks and cultural sites around Metro Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Parks – now under Toronto Parks and Recreation

Morningside Park

Glen Rouge Park and stables

Humber Bay Park

Colonel Samuel Smith Park

Sunnybrook Park and stables

Toronto Islands and the Toronto Island ferries

Bluffers Park

Colonel Danforth Park

Lower Don Parkland / Don Valley Brickworks

Marie Curtis Park

Culture

O'Keefe Centre – now the Sony Centre for the Performing Arts

Metro Toronto Zoo – now Toronto Zoo

Black Creek Pioneer Village

Toronto Heritage

Exhibition Place – park used by the Canadian National Exhibition or "The Ex"

Museums other than the Royal Ontario Museum, Bata Shoe Museum

Metropolitan Toronto
The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was an upper-tier level of municipal government in Ontario, Canada, from 1953 to 1998. It was made up of the old city of Toronto and numerous townships, towns and villages that surrounded Toronto, which were starting to urbanize rapidly after World War II. It was commonly referred to as "Metro Toronto" or "Metro".

Passage of the 1997 City of Toronto Act caused the 1998 amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto and its constituents into the current City of Toronto. The boundaries of present-day Toronto are the same as those of Metropolitan Toronto upon its dissolution: Lake Ontario to the south, Etobicoke Creek and Highway 427 to the west, Steeles Avenue to the north, and the Rouge River to the east.
House Dance International
House Dance International (“HDI”) is an annual street dance festival based in New York City that highlights the art forms of house dance, vogue, hustle, waacking and experimental, all of which are performed to house music or derivatives of electronic dance music. The three-day festival consists of a group choreography contest, freestyle competitions (i.e., "battles"), film screenings, seminars, workshops and parties. Established in 2007, HDI was the only event of its kind that exclusively focuses on the dance forms associated with house music culture (as compared to hip-hop dance forms such as b-boying, popping, locking, krumping, etc.).

Breakdancing
Breakdancing or breaking, also called b-boying (when performed by men) or b-girling (women), is a style of street dance developed by African Americans and Puerto Ricans in The Bronx borough of New York City.

Breakdancing consists mainly of four kinds of movement—toprock, footwork, power moves, and freezes—and is typically set to songs containing drum breaks, especially in funk, soul, and hip-hop. Its modern dance elements originated among the poor youth of New York during the 1970s and early 1980s. It is tied to the birth of hip-hop, whose DJs played songs featuring rhythmic breaks for dancers.

The dance form has expanded globally, with an array of organizations and independent competitions supporting its growth. Breaking became an Olympic sport at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, as per a December 7, 2020 decision by the International Olympic Committee, after a proposal by the World DanceSport Federation.
Diogo Fernandes (count)
Diogo Fernandes (died before 1 December 928), (Spanish: Diego Fernández) was a count in the Kingdom of León whose filiation has not been documented although, from his patronymic, it is known that his father was named Fernando, and that he was possibly from Castile. He is the ancestor of many of the important 10th and 11th century noble families in the County of Portugal and in the Kingdom of León. Although the relationship has not been documented, some authors believe that Diego could have been the brother of Count Ero Fernández and of Gudesteo Fernández.

County of Portugal
The County of Portugal (Galician-Portuguese: Comtato de Portugalle; referred to as Portugalia in contemporary documents) refers to two successive medieval counties in the region around Guimarães and Porto, today corresponding to litoral northern Portugal, within which the identity of the Portuguese people formed. The first county existed from the mid-ninth to the mid-eleventh centuries as a vassalage of the Kingdom of Asturias and the Kingdom of Galicia and also part of the Kingdom of León, before being abolished as a result of rebellion. A larger entity under the same name was then reestablished in the late 11th century and subsequently elevated by its count in the mid-12th century into an independent Kingdom of Portugal.
Surbahar
Surbahar (Hindi pronunciation: [s̪urbəhɑːr]; transl. Springtime of Notes) sometimes known as bass sitar, is a plucked string instrument used in the Hindustani classical music of the Indian subcontinent. It is closely related to the sitar, but has a lower pitch. Depending on the instrument's size, it is usually pitched two to five whole steps below the standard sitar.

Sitar
The sitar (English:  /ˈsɪtɑːr/ or /sɪˈtɑːr/; IAST: sitāra) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. The instrument was invented in the 18th century, and arrived at its present form in 19th-century India. Khusrau Khan, an 18th-century figure of the Mughal Empire, has been identified by modern scholarship as the inventor of the sitar. According to most historians, he developed the sitar from the setar, an Iranian instrument of Abbasid or Safavid origin.

Used widely throughout the Indian subcontinent, the sitar became popularly known in the wider world through the works of Ravi Shankar, beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The advent of psychedelic culture during the mid-to-late 1960s set a trend for the use of the sitar in Western popular music, with the instrument appearing on tracks by bands such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Metallica and many others.
Particulate inheritance
Particulate inheritance is a pattern of inheritance discovered by Mendelian genetics theorists, such as William Bateson, Ronald Fisher or Gregor Mendel himself, showing that phenotypic traits can be passed from generation to generation through "discrete particles" known as genes, which can keep their ability to be expressed while not always appearing in a descending generation.

Phenotypic trait
A phenotypic trait, simply trait, or character state is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.  For example, having eye color is a character of an organism,   while blue, brown and hazel versions of eye color are traits.  The term trait is generally used in genetics, often to describe the phenotypic expression of different combinations of alleles in different individual organisms within a single population, such as the famous purple vs. white flower coloration in Gregor Mendel's pea plants.  By contrast, in systematics, the term  character state is employed to describe features that represent fixed diagnostic differences among taxa, such as the absence of tails in great apes, relative to other primate groups.
Wonder Acres, Kern County, California
Wonder Acres is a settlement in the western Mojave Desert, within eastern Kern County, southern California, in the United States.

It is located northeast of the city of Mojave, on California State Route 14 at the intersection with California City Boulevard. It is 5 miles (8.0 km) west of California City, and 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Cache Creek.

Mojave, California
Mojave (formerly Mohave) is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California, United States. Mojave is located 50 miles (80 km) east of Bakersfield, and 100 miles (161 km) north of Los Angeles, at an elevation of 2,762.46 feet (842.00 m). The town is located in the western region of the Mojave Desert, below and east of Oak Creek Pass and the Tehachapi Mountains.  Mojave is on the Pacific Crest Trail.

The population was 4,700 at the 2020 census, up from 4,238 at the 2010 census. Telephone numbers in Mojave follow the format (661) 824-xxxx and the area includes three postal ZIP Codes.
Meritorious Service Medal (Cape of Good Hope)
In May 1895, Queen Victoria authorised Colonial governments to adopt various British military medals and to award them to members of their local permanent military forces. The Cape of Good Hope introduced this system in September 1895 and, in 1896, instituted the Meritorious Service Medal (Cape of Good Hope).

The medal is a distinctive Colonial version of the British Meritorious Service Medal. It was coupled to a Meritorious Service Annuity and was awarded in limited numbers, usually upon retirement, to selected warrant officers and senior non-commissioned officers of the Permanent Force of the Cape of Good Hope who had completed twenty-one years of meritorious service.

Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)
The Meritorious Service Medal is a British medal awarded to Senior Non Commissioned Officers and Warrant Officers of the British armed forces for long and meritorious service. From 1916 to 1928, eligibility was extended to cover both valuable services by selected other ranks irrespective of length of service, and for gallantry not in the face of the enemy.

Eligibility was widened in December 1977, with the medal now awarded on the same basis to all arms of the British armed forces.
Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I
Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (Tamil: முதலாம் மாறவர்மன் குலசேகர பாண்டியன்) was a Pandyan emperor who ruled regions of South India between 1268–1308 CE, though history professor Sailendra Sen states he ruled until 1310. In 1279 CE, Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan ended the rule of Chola dynasty by defeating Rajendra III of Cholas and Ramanatha of Hoysalas. His death lead to the Pandyan Civil War in 1308–1323.

Rajendra III
Rajendra Chola III (reigned 1246–1279) was the last Chola emperor, who reigned from 1246 until his death in 1279. Rajendra began to take effective control over the administration, and epigraphs of Rajendra Chola III indicate there was civil war ending with the death of Rajaraja Chola III. Rajendra's inscriptions laud him as the "cunning hero, who killed Rajaraja after making him wear the double crown for three years".
Earl Forest
Earl Forest (December 1, 1926 – February 26, 2003) was an American musician and a member of the Memphis-based R&B coalition called the Beale Streeters, which included Johnny Ace, Bobby Bland, Junior Parker, B.B. King, and Roscoe Gordon. Forest had a hit record in 1953 with "Whoopin' And Hollerin'" on Duke Records. He also recorded for Meteor Records and Flair Records.

Junior Parker
Herman "Junior" Parker (March 27, 1932 – November 18, 1971), also known as Little Junior Parker, was an American blues singer and harmonica player. He is best remembered for his voice which has been described as "honeyed" and "velvet-smooth".  One music journalist noted, "For years, Junior Parker deserted down home harmonica blues for uptown blues-soul music".
In 2001, he was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame. Parker is also inducted into the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame.
Simmba (soundtrack)
Simmba is the soundtrack to the 2018 action comedy film of the same name directed by Rohit Shetty, which serves as the third instalment in Shetty's Cop Universe starring Ranveer Singh, Sonu Sood and Sara Ali Khan. The soundtrack featured five original songs and two instrumentals, composed by Tanishk Bagchi, Lijo George–DJ Chetas and S. Thaman, with lyrics written by Shabbir Ahmed, Rashmi Virag, Kumaar and Kunaal Vermaa. The soundtrack was released through T-Series on 27 December 2018.

Rohit Shetty's Cop Universe
Rohit Shetty's Cop Universe is an Indian media franchise and shared universe created by Rohit Shetty. Previously known simply as the Cop Universe, It consists of media focusing on police officers. The franchise includes films, animated series, video games and television series. The universe was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.

The first two films, Singham (2011) and Singham Returns (2014) focus on Bajirao Singham, a law-abiding DCP from Shivgarh who fights for justice. The third, Simmba (2018), focuses on Sangram "Simmba" Bhalerao, a corrupt Inspector from the same town as Bajirao, who takes advantage of his job. The fourth, Sooryavanshi (2021), stars Akshay Kumar as DCP Veer Sooryavanshi. The fifth movie Singham Again (2024) brings all the characters together and is loosely based on the Indian epic, Ramayana.
Salvatore A. Cotillo
Salvatore Albert Cotillo (November 19, 1886 – July 27, 1939) was an Italian-born New York lawyer, Democratic Party politician and judge. Elected in 1912, he was the first Italian-American to serve in both houses of the New York State Legislature and the first who served as Justice of the New York State Supreme Court. Nominated to the court in the First District, he sat on the bench from 1924 until his death in 1939.

Cotillo was a strong proponent of social and pro-labor legislation. He defended ethnic Italians against the stereotyping by Americans not of Italian descent, but also urged the need for Americanization of the Italian community. As such, he stood between the mores of the Italian ethnic ghetto in East Harlem where he grew up, and the judgment and norms of American society where he made his career.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Bedok Reservoir MRT station
Bedok Reservoir MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line (DTL) in Bedok, Singapore. Located at Bedok Reservoir Road beside Bedok North Avenue 3, it serves residents living near Bedok Reservoir and the students of Bedok Green Secondary School, Yu Neng Primary School, Fengshan Primary School and Red Swastika School.

The station was announced in August 2010 when the DTL Stage 3 stations were revealed. The station opened on 21 October 2017. Designed by Ong & Ong, Bedok Reservoir station features a public artwork, Somewhere Else by Ng Chee Yong.

Bedok Reservoir
Bedok Reservoir (Malay: Empangan Bedok, Chinese: 勿洛蓄水池; pinyin: Wùluò Xùshuǐchí, Tamil: பெடோக் நீர்த்தேக்கம்) is a reservoir in the eastern part of Singapore, to the north of Bedok. The reservoir has a surface area of 880,000 m2, and a capacity of 12.8 million m3. The mean depth of the reservoir is 9 m, with a maximum depth of 18.2 m. The shoreline length is 4.3 km.
David Chingunji
David "Samwimbila" Chingunji (born in 1945, died in 1970) served as a top commander in the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), who became pro-Western rebels in the subsequent Angolan Civil War (1975–2002). David Chingunji was the nephew of Tito Chingunji, who served as the foreign secretary of Angola's UNITA rebel movement in the 1980s and early 1990s.

Tito Chingunji
Pedro Ngueve Jonatão "Tito" Chingunji (c. 1955 - August 1991) served as the foreign secretary of Angola's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) rebel movement in the 1980s and early 1990s. In the mid-1980s, he was UNITA's representative in Washington, D.C.
Internet Icon season 2
The second season of Internet Icon premiered on 21 May 2013, and concluded on 27 July 2013, on the YOMYOMF YouTube channel. Ryan Higa and Christine Lakin both returned as judges, and Timothy DeLaGhetto joined the judging panel for this season. Chester See did not return as host; Chris Riedell took over the role, with his brother Nick Riedell joining as mentor for the contestants. Collectively, the two are known as the Brothers Riedell, winners of the first season.

Like the previous season, there were many guest judges joining Higa, Lakin and DeLaGhetto, including Smosh, Jenna Marbles, Kassem G, Ben and Rafi Fine, Philip DeFranco, Shane Dawson and PewDiePie.

Matthew Fredrick, also known as Matthias from Los Angeles, California, won the competition, beating the runners-up Bad Weather Films and the Kloons. As the winner, he won $10,000 in cash, a MacBook Pro, a one-year development deal with YOMYOMF, and a meeting with a Hollywood film director.

Internet Icon
Internet Icon is an online video-making talent competition (described as "American Idol-esque") that premiered on the YOMYOMF YouTube channel on June 12, 2012. The show was a competition between groups to see who can be "the next internet icon" or be able to run their own YouTube channel while sustaining an audience. Internet Icon was hosted by Chester See in season one and Chris Riedell in season two, and judged mainly by Ryan Higa and Christine Lakin in season one, with the addition of Timothy DeLaGhetto in the second season. Nick Riedell was also included as a mentor of the contestants in the second season. Additionally, there is also a guest judge who appears on the show each elimination episode. The contestants complete challenges at the Los Angeles Center Studios, where the show is also shot. The series is one of YOMYOMF's most popular. After two seasons, Internet Icon was cancelled, due to funding issues.
Singing Valentines
Singing Valentines is the name for a fundraising program that is popular with barbershop choruses in the U.S., Canada and Australia.
The delivery of Singing Valentines is usually done by a barbershop quartet from a chapter affiliated with the three major International barbershop societies:

Barbershop Harmony Society

Sweet Adelines International

Harmony, Incorporated

This is not a variation on the singing telegram since the message is not dictated by the sender.
Rather, quartets usually deliver a canned package of one or two barbershop songs with a personalized card and either roses or chocolates.

Barbershop arranging
Barbershop arranging is the art of creating arrangements of barbershop music. Barbershop Harmony Society (BHS) and Sweet Adelines International (SAI) have prescribed rules that dictate what is an acceptable arrangement, particularly with regard to singing in competition. This makes barbershop arranging a specialist form of arranging, rarely tackled by those outside barbershop; likewise, barbershop arrangers tend to be known only for their barbershop arrangements rather than for their work in any other musical form.