hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ryutaro Hashimoto
Ryutaro Hashimoto (橋本 龍太郎, Hashimoto Ryūtarō; 29 July 1937 – 1 July 2006) was a Japanese politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1996 to 1998.

Born in Okayama Prefecture, Hashimoto graduated from Keio University in 1960 and entered the National Diet in 1963. He rose through the ranks of the Liberal Democratic Party and became major figure in the Tanaka/Takeshita faction, and served as health and welfare minister under Masayoshi Ōhira, transport minister under Yasuhiro Nakasone, and finance minister under Toshiki Kaifu. In 1994, he became minister of international trade and industry, then became prime minister in 1996 as the head of a coalition with the Social Democratic Party and New Party Sakigake. During his tenure, Hashimoto sought currency reform and tried to revive the Japanese economy. He resigned after the LDP lost its majority in the 1998 upper house election, but remained leader of his faction until a scandal in 2004. He retired from politics in 2005.

New Party Sakigake
The New Party Sakigake (新党さきがけ, Shintō Sakigake), also known as the New Harbinger Party, was a political party in Japan that broke away from the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) on 22 June 1993.  The party was created by Masayoshi Takemura. The party was centrist, and had many reformist and even moderate ecological elements. The theoretical leader was Shusei Tanaka. Yukio Hatoyama and Naoto Kan also took part but later moved to the Democratic Party of Japan.
Tōjiin Ritsumeikan University Station
Tōjiin Ritsumeikan University Station (等持院・立命館大学衣笠キャンパス前駅, Tōjiin Ritsumeikan-Daigaku-Kinugasa-Kyampasu-mae-eki) is a tram stop in Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan. The station is serviced by the Randen Kitano Line that begins at Katabiranotsuji and continues to Kitano-Hakubaichō. It carries the distinction of being the longest-named train station in Japan, with 26 hiragana characters.

The station was renamed from Tojiin Station on March 20, 2020 in order to reflect its proximity to the main Kinugasa Campus of Ritsumeikan University. It was reported that while train operator Keifuku had considered shortening the new station name, they decided against it after discovering it would become the longest-named train station in the country.

Keifuku Electric Railroad
Keifuku Electric Railroad Co., Ltd. (京福電気鉄道株式会社, Keifuku Denki Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a railroad company based in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan (but with offices in Fukui Prefecture) in operation since March 2, 1942. It is a parent company of Keifuku Bus and  Kyoto Bus, and an affiliated company of Keihan Electric Railway, which owns 42.89% of the company stock. The company's stock is traded on the second section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
Lahaina Fort
The Lahaina Fort, a historic fort, facing the Lahaina Harbor, was located in Lahaina in Maui, Hawaii, of which the reconstructed part  is now seen at the southern corner of the Lahaina Banyan Court Park. Christian Missionaries enforced law to prevent whalers and sailors from creating moral degradation in the town by drinking and debauchery. The embittered whalers and sailors caused rioting several times and tried to harm the missionaries. Following these incidents, the fort was then built at the initiative of Queen Kaʻahumanu (1768–1832) the then regent of Kuhina Nui to quell disturbances to the people of Lahaina from the ship whalers. Ulumāheihei Hoapili (1775–1840), the Governor of Maui got it built in a month. Lahaina Fort was demolished in 1854. However, in 1964, the State Parks Department reconstructed a part of old fort wall in the southwest corner of the park which was the venue for the 1961 feature film, The Devil at 4 O'Clock.

Hoapili
Ulumāheihei Hoapili (c. 1775 – January 3, 1840) was a member of the nobility during the formation of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was a trusted military and political advisor to Kamehameha I. Although trusted with one of the last symbolic rites of the Hawaiian religion, he later became a supporter of Christian missionaries.
Blue Ball, Pennsylvania
Blue Ball is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in East Earl Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. Blue Ball lies approximately 2 miles (3 km) east-northeast of the borough of New Holland at the intersection of US 322 and PA Route 23. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,095.

U.S. Route 322
U.S. Route 322 (US 322) is a 494-mile-long (795.0 km), east–west United States Highway, traversing Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The road is a spur of US 22 and one of the original highways from 1926. A portion of it at one time was concurrent with the Lakes-to-Sea Highway.
Black Bottom (club)
The Black Bottom was an after-hours jazz club in Montreal that offered live music and soul food. It operated at 1350 Saint-Antoine St. from 1963 to 1967, then moved to 22 Saint-Paul St. from 1968 to c.1977. The Black Bottom was a crucial venue for Montreal jazz nightlife throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, and served as a hangout spot for musicians and jazz fans to meet in the late hours, jam, and enjoy live music.

Saint-Paul Street (Montreal)
Rue Saint-Paul (Saint Paul Street) is a street in the Old Montreal historic area of Montreal, Quebec.

The street was laid out by François Dollier de Casson, along the route of a path that had bordered a former fort. Saint Paul is Montreal's oldest street and for many years served as its main thoroughfare. Paved in 1672, it was named after Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve, founder of Montreal, who built a home for himself on it in 1650.

The street is home to such landmarks as the Bonsecours Market and Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel. Much of Saint Paul is still paved with cobblestones. Plans to pedestrianize the street in 2008 were dropped by the City of Montreal after complaints from merchants.
Ungagged
UnGagged is a search engine optimization and digital marketing conference. The purpose of the semi-annual event is to provide a platform for speakers to present uncensored content to audiences behind closed doors without recordings. UnGagged is an international event, but to date all of the presentations, media and related content has been produced in the English language.

Search engine optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving the visibility and performance of websites and web pages in search engine results pages (SERPs). It focuses on increasing the quantity and quality of traffic from unpaid (organic) search results rather than paid advertising. SEO applies to multiple search formats, including web, image, video, news, academic, and vertical search engines, as well as AI-assisted search interfaces.

SEO is commonly used as part of a broader digital marketing strategy and involves optimizing technical infrastructure, content relevance, and authority signals to improve rankings for user queries. The objective of SEO is to attract users who are actively searching for information, products, or services, thereby supporting brand visibility, user engagement, and conversions.
Fuschia (trotter horse)
Fuschia (1883 – August 1908) was a trotter horse born in the Manche region of France, and head of the French Trotter breed. Winner of 17 of the 20 races in which he competed in mounted trotting from age 3 to age 5, he is best known for having been an excellent sire at the Le Pin national stud, to the point of imposing for the first time a lottery system for the allocation of breeding rights to brood mares.

Although an excellent competitor and sire, Fuschia, a tall bay stallion, was criticized by some stud officers for his ugly appearance, in particular the shape of his head and the bottom of his limbs, a "common" appearance that he passed on to his foals.

Considered the most illustrious trotting stallion of his time, this grandson of Conquérant became in turn the sire of 390 trotters, 115 of whom were approved as breeding stallions in the French Trotter studbook, spreading his lineage. He is one of the six remaining branches of Conquérant's lineage.

Stallion
A stallion is an adult male horse that has not been gelded (castrated). Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" neck, as well as a somewhat more muscular physique as compared to female horses, known as mares, and castrated males, called geldings.

Temperament varies widely based on genetics and training, but because of their instincts as herd animals, they may be prone to aggressive behavior, particularly toward other stallions, and thus require careful management by knowledgeable handlers. With proper training and management, stallions are effective equine athletes at the highest levels of many disciplines, including horse racing, horse shows, and international Olympic competition.

"Stallion" is also used to refer to males of other equids, including zebras and donkeys.
Trần Quốc Tảng
Trần Quốc Tảng (chữ Hán: 陳 國 顙; 1252–1313) was the third son of Trần Hưng Đạo. He was a general of the Trần dynasty during the reign of emperors Trần Nhân Tông and Trần Anh Tông who was also his son-in-law. As a member of Yên Sinh's line in Trần clan, Trần Quốc Tảng supported the plot of taking over the throne from Trần Cảnh's line which was opposed by his father Trần Quốc Tuấn and his elder brother Trần Quốc Nghiễn, this difference made Hưng Đạo break off the paternal relation with Trần Quốc Tảng until his death in 1300.

Trần Nhân Tông
Trần Nhân Tông (7 December 1258–16 December 1308), personal name Trần Khâm, temple name Nhân Tông, was the third emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigning over Đại Việt from 1278 to 1293. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Anh Tông, Nhân Tông held the title Emperor Emeritus (Vietnamese: Thái thượng hoàng) from 1294 to his death in 1308. During the second and third Mongol invasions of Đại Việt, the Emperor Nhân Tông and his father the Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông were credited with the decisive victory against the Yuan dynasty and would thenceforth establish a long period of peace and prosperity over the country.

After retiring from ruling the nation, he practiced Buddhism as a monk and founded the Trúc Lâm school of Vietnamese Buddhism.
Jessica Roberts
Jessica Anne Roberts (born 11 April 1999) is a British cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Team Coop–Repsol.

She was part of the Great Britain squad which won gold in the team pursuit at the 2024 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in Ballerup, Denmark. 
Later at the event, she won silver in the omnium.

2024 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2024 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were held from 16 to 20 October 2024, at the Ballerup Super Arena in Ballerup, Denmark. It was the 121st edition of the UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
Conservatism in China
Conservatism in China (simplified Chinese: 保守主义; traditional Chinese: 保守主義; pinyin: bǎoshǒu zhǔyì) emphasizes authority and meritocracy stemming from Confucian values, and economically, aims for state capitalism rather than free markets. Many Chinese conservatives reject original sin, empiricism, individualism or classical liberal principles and differ from modern Western conservatism because Chinese conservatism believes in the innate goodness of man, and has a strong rationalist and communitarian element. A major concern of modern Chinese conservatism is the preservation of traditional Chinese culture.

Chinese culture
Chinese culture (simplified Chinese: 中华文化; traditional Chinese: 中華文化; pinyin: Zhōnghuá wénhuà) is one of the world's earliest cultures, said to originate five thousand years ago. The culture prevails across a large geographical region in East Asia called the Sinosphere as a whole and is extremely diverse, with customs and traditions varying greatly between regions. The terms 'China' and the geographical landmass of 'China' have shifted across the centuries, before the name 'China' became commonplace. Chinese civilization is historically considered a dominant culture of East Asia. Chinese culture exerted profound influence on the philosophy, customs, politics, and traditions of Asia. Chinese characters, ceramics, architecture, music, dance, literature, martial arts, cuisine, arts, philosophy, etiquette, religion, politics, and history have had global influence, while its traditions and festivals are celebrated, instilled, and practiced by people around the world.
Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi Bosnevi
Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi Bosnevi (Turkish: Mehmet Hevayi Uskufi, born 1601 in Dobrnja near Tuzla, died after 1651) was a Bosnian Alhamiado poet and lexicographer. In 1631, he wrote the Bosnian–Turkish dictionary titled Makbul-i arif (also known as Potur Šahidi), which is considered the first Bosnian dictionary and one of the oldest South Slavic dictionaries in the Shtokavian dialect.

Aljamiado
Aljamiado (Spanish: [alxaˈmjaðo]; Portuguese: [alʒɐmiˈaðu]; Arabic: عَجَمِيَّة trans. ʿaǧamiyyah [ʕad͡ʒaˈmij.ja(h)]) or Aljamía texts are manuscripts that use the Arabic script for transcribing European languages, especially Romance languages such as Old Spanish or Aragonese. This alphabet is also called the Morisco alphabet.

According to Anwar G. Chejne, Aljamiado or Aljamía is "a corruption of the Arabic word ʿaǧamiyyah (in this case it means foreign language) and, generally, the Arabic expression ʿaǧam and its derivative ʿaǧamiyyah are applicable to peoples whose ancestry is not of Arabian origin". During the Arab conquest of Persia, the term became a pejorative.
Alan Dodson
Alan Christopher Dodson SC (born 10 July 1960) is a South African lawyer who was a judge of the Land Claims Court from 1995 to 2000. He was also the chairperson of the United Nations's Housing and Property Claims Commission in Kosovo from 2000 to 2007. A member of the Johannesburg Bar since 2001 and Senior Counsel since 2011, he formerly practised as an attorney between 1987 and 1995.

Dodson was an acting judge in the Constitutional Court in 2023. In 2022, he was unsuccessfully nominated for permanent appointment to that court.

Senior counsel
Senior Counsel, State Counsel (post-nominal letters: SC), or Senior Advocate is a title given to senior lawyers in some current or former Commonwealth nations, mainly those in which the British monarch is no longer head of state, making the title "King's Counsel" obsolete. Examples of such nations are Mauritius, Zambia, India (Senior Advocate), Bangladesh (Senior Advocate), Hong Kong, Ireland, South Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Singapore, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. Jurisdictions that have retained the monarch as head of state, but have nonetheless opted for the new title, include some states and territories of Australia, as well as Belize.

Just as a junior counsel is "called to the [Outer] Bar", a Senior Counsel is, in some jurisdictions, said to be "called to the Inner Bar". Senior Counsels may informally style themselves silks, as do their British counterparts.
Reuben Alcalay
Reuben Alcalay (Hebrew: ראובן אלקלעי; 1907 in Jerusalem – 1976 in Jerusalem) was an Israeli lexicographer and author of the most comprehensive English-Hebrew-English dictionary, which expanded the dictionaries of Ben-Yehuda (Ben-Yehuda Dictionary), Avraham Even-Shoshan (Even-Shoshan Dictionary), Judah Even Shemuel (Kaufmann), Meir Medan, Harry Torczyner (Tur-Sinai), and Jacob Knaani.

His Complete English-Hebrew Dictionary (1961, 2,150 pages) aimed to contain all the modern Hebrew terms decided upon by the Hebrew Language Academy, and thousands of other new coinages from the Hebrew press literature. The first edition received a three-page review in the magazine of the American Jewish Congress in 1964. The companion volume, Complete Hebrew-English Dictionary, (מילון אנגלי עברי שלם) was published in 1965.

The dictionary contains entries and translations without pronunciation or examples. It is numbered by column rather than page.

Naftali Herz Tur-Sinai
Naftali Herz Tur-Sinai (Hebrew: נפתלי הרץ טור-סיני; born 13 November 1886 – 17 October 1973) was a Bible scholar, author, and linguist instrumental in the revival of the Hebrew language as a modern, spoken language. Tur-Sinai was the first president of the Academy of the Hebrew Language and founder of its Historical Dictionary Project.
Albanais
The Albanais is  a small Savoyard region situated between Lake Annecy and Lac du Bourget, at the entrance to the Parc naturel régional du Massif des Bauges. Located in the French departments of Savoie and Haute-Savoie, its principal city is Rumilly. The name Albanais comes from the Latin Albinnum, which is derived from the names of the tribes Albii (or Albani) whose presence is attested to in the toponymy of places such as Albens, Alby, and Albigny.

Albens
Albens (French pronunciation: [albɛ̃s]; Arpitan: Arbin) is a former commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Entrelacs.
Scotland at the Commonwealth Games
Scotland is one of only six countries to have competed in every Commonwealth Games since the first Empire Games in 1930. The others are Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand and Wales. The Commonwealth Games is the only major multi-sport event in which Scottish athletes and teams compete as Scotland; otherwise Scotland participates in multi-sport events as part of a Great Britain team.

The country has hosted the Commonwealth Games three times, Edinburgh in 1970 and 1986, and Glasgow in 2014. Glasgow is set to host the XXIII Commonwealth Games in 2026. The inaugural Commonwealth Youth Games were held in Edinburgh in 2000.

1970 British Commonwealth Games
The 1970 British Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, from 16 to 25 July 1970. This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted, the first time metric units rather than imperial units were used in all events, and also the first time the event was held in Scotland.

Also, the event saw the first unique Games trademark logo: an emblem showing the Games emblem intertwined with a St Andrews Cross and a thistle. The event was followed by the 1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes. The 1970 Games was one of the most successful in the history of the event.
Rachel Powell
Rachel Marie Powell (born March 26, 1980), also known as "Pink Hat Lady" and "Bullhorn Lady", is an American convicted felon known for her participation in the January 6 United States Capitol attack, in which she wore a pink hat and used a bullhorn to instruct and encourage other rioters.

On July 18, 2023, Powell was found guilty on nine counts, comprising three felonies and six misdemeanors. On October 17, 2023, Powell was sentenced to 57 months in prison followed by 36 months of supervised release. Powell began serving her sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution, Hazelton, on January 9, 2024.

On January 20, 2025, the first day of the second presidency of Donald Trump, Powell was pardoned along with nearly every other participant in the Capitol riot. She was released from the D.C. Jail, a correctional facility in Washington, D.C., the following day.

Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants
On January 20, 2025, during the first day of his second term, United States president Donald Trump granted blanket clemency to all people, nearly 1,600, convicted of or awaiting trial or sentencing for offenses related to the January 6 United States Capitol attack that occurred near the end of his first presidential term. Most of them received full pardons, while the sentences of 14 members of the Oath Keepers and the Proud Boys were commuted. More than 600 rioters had been convicted of or pleaded guilty to assault of or obstructing law enforcement officers and 170 of using a deadly weapon.
History of the Jews in Alaska
The history of the Jews in Alaska began before the Alaska Purchase in 1867. Jews from Imperial Russia lived there periodically as fur traders, and a Jewish community has existed since the 1880s. The Klondike and Nome gold rushes attracted Jews to Alaska to seek their fortunes as miners and businessmen and resulted in the first organized Jewish communities. In the Nazi period, Jewish refugee resettlement in Alaska was seriously considered by the government, but after facing backlash, never came to be. Alaskan Jews played a significant role in business and politics before and after statehood, and have included mayors, judges, senators and governors. Today, there are Jews living in every urban area of the state.

Nome Gold Rush
64°29′25″N 165°24′47″W﻿ / ﻿64.49028°N 165.41306°W﻿ / 64.49028; -165.41306

The Nome Gold Rush was a gold rush in Nome, Alaska, approximately 1899–1909. It is distinct from other gold rushes by the ease with which the metal could be obtained. Much of the gold was lying in the beach sand of the landing place and could be recovered without any need for a claim. Nome, a sea port without a harbor, became the biggest town in Alaska.

Together with the Klondike Gold Rush (1896–1899) and Fairbanks Gold Rush (1903–1911), Nome was among the biggest gold rushes north of 60 degrees latitude on the North American continent. It shared prospectors with both Klondike and later rushes like Fairbanks. It is memorialized in films like North to Alaska. Nome City still exists and the area is mined as Nome mining district and by tourists. Total production of gold from the area is estimated to be 112 metric tons.
Austrian Students' Association
The Austrian Students' Union by statutory body (German: Österreichische Hochschülerinnen- und Hochschülerschaft, ÖH) is the general students' representative body in Austria and serves as the students' government by federal law. The ÖH is a member of the European Students' Union. Membership in the ÖH is compulsory for every university student in Austria, including PhD candidates, thus representing more people then living in the smaller Austrian states.

In Austrian politics, its national parliament, formally called the Federal Representation, is very often just referred to as essentially pars pro toto the entire statutory body itself.

It is often viewed as the most promising political training ground for future lawmakers. Many former active elected members end up in parliament or government later on.

European Students' Union
The European Students' Union (ESU) is the umbrella organisation of 43 national unions of students from 40 countries, representing almost 20 million students. A consultative member of the Bologna Process, ESU is also a full member of the European Youth Forum (YFJ).
Vector spherical harmonics
In mathematics, vector spherical harmonics (VSH) are an extension of the scalar spherical harmonics for use with vector fields. The components of the VSH are complex-valued functions expressed in the spherical coordinate basis vectors.

Spherical coordinate system
In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system specifies a given point in three-dimensional space by using a distance and two angles as its three coordinates. These are

the radial distance r along the line connecting the point to a fixed point called the origin;

the polar angle θ between this radial line and a given polar axis; and

the azimuthal angle φ, which is the angle of rotation of the radial line around the polar axis.

(See graphic regarding the "physics convention".)

Once the radius is fixed, the three coordinates (r, θ, φ), known as a 3-tuple, provide a coordinate system on a sphere, typically called the spherical polar coordinates.
The plane passing through the origin and perpendicular to the polar axis (where the polar angle is a right angle) is called the reference plane (sometimes fundamental plane).