hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ammonium arsenate
Ammonium arsenate is an inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)3AsO4, typically encountered as a trihydrate, (NH4)3AsO4·3H2O. It is a colorless, water-soluble crystalline solid that decomposes upon heating, releasing ammonia and forming arsenic-containing residues.

Like arsenic and all inorganic arsenic compounds, it is classified as an IARC Group 1 carcinogen. It is highly toxic and poses significant health and environmental risks.

Historically used in pesticides and analytical chemistry, its applications are now limited due to toxicity concerns. Ammonium arsenate occurs rarely in nature and is primarily synthesized for research or industrial purposes. Its chemistry, environmental behavior, and analytical detection are of interest in toxicology, environmental chemistry, and biogeochemistry.

Acid salts are also known, including diammonium arsenate and ammonium dihydrogen arsenate.

Arsenic acid
Arsenic acid or arsoric acid is the chemical compound with the formula H3AsO4, more descriptively written as AsO(OH)3. This colorless acid is the arsenic analogue of phosphoric acid. Arsenate and phosphate salts behave very similarly. Arsenic acid as such has not been isolated, but is only found in solution, where it is largely ionized. Its hemihydrate form (2H3AsO4·H2O) does form stable crystals. Crystalline samples dehydrate with condensation at 100 °C.
Scientific celebrity
A scientific celebrity, also known as a celebrity scientist or public scientist, is a scientist who has gained significant public attention, usually through the media. For the general public, scientific celebrities serve to represent science or a field of science. In some instances this can be self-serving in nature or can be at the behest of governmental or corporate interests or to promote the science involved.

With new scientific discoveries scientists come to be publicly known for their contributions. Although this type of recognition has become more common in recent times (coincidental with the rise of celebrity culture), the phenomenon is centuries old. Media attention to science became more pervasive beginning in the late 1960s and early 1970s as the variety of media outlets increased and they gave greater attention to scientific progress. Scientific celebrities have had a significant role in the popularization of science.

Popular science
Popular science (also called pop-science or popsci) is an interpretation of science intended for a general audience. It is presented in many forms, including books, film and television documentaries, magazine articles, and web pages.

It may be written by scientists themselves or by professional journalists. While science journalism focuses on recent scientific developments, popular science is more broad ranging.
John Edmund Martineau
John Edmund Martineau FSA (9 December 1904 – 3 June 1982), commonly known as Jack, was an English brewing executive of the Martineau family, who served as President of the Institute of Brewing and as Master of the Brewers' Company.

Masters of the Worshipful Company of Brewers
The Worshipful Company of Brewers is a City livery company, ranking 14th in the Corporation of London's order of precedence. Its origins can be traced back with certainty to 1292, although it probably existed in some form up to a century earlier as the Guild of Our Lady and St Thomas Becket. Its successor, the Mystery of Free Brewers, was granted the right by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London to appoint a Master and Wardens in 1406. Henry VI granted the Brewers' Company its first Royal Charter in 1437/38. Until the last century, the Company admitted non-brewers to represent the livery company externally. From the mid-16th century, its Masters have been elected annually; all of those whose names are known are listed below.
Women's Tournament of Champions 2014
The Women's Tournament of Champions 2014 is the women's edition of the 2014 Tournament of Champions, which is a tournament of the WSA World Tour event Gold (prize money: 50 000 $). The event took place at the Grand Central Terminal in New York City in the United States from 18 January to 24 January. Nicol David won her first Tournament of Champions trophy, beating Laura Massaro in the final.

Tournament of Champions (squash)
The Tournament of Champions is an annual international squash championship held in New York City. In recent years, the event has been held at Grand Central Terminal, in a specially-constructed four-walled glass court in the Vanderbilt Hall.

The tournament was first held in 1930. It was previously known as the US Professional Championships. The women's competition began in 2001. In 2022, the men's tournament has involved a main draw of 24 players, and the women's tournament has had a main draw of 24. The men's event is now part of the PSA World Series.
Normanhurst Boys High School
Normanhurst Boys High School (commonly known as Normo) is an academically selective secondary day school for boys, located in Normanhurst, a suburb on the Upper North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Consistently ranked as one of the nation's top schools academically, it was ranked fifth in the state based on Higher School Certificate (HSC) results in 2025.

Established in 1958, the school caters for approximately 730 students from Year 7 to Year 12, who are accepted on an academic basis. Based on entry standards, it is one of the top ten schools in New South Wales. The school celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2018.

Selective school (New South Wales)
Selective schools in New South Wales, Australia are government high schools operated by the New South Wales Department of Education that accept their students based upon their academic merit.

Each year, approximately 15,000 Year 6 students across the state of New South Wales optionally undertake the Selective High School Placement Test to seek one of the 3,600 places offered for first-year entry into selective high schools. For Year 8 to Year 12 entry into selective schools, students do not take an external test, however they can apply directly to a school for entry. The application package is standard to all government selective schools, with internal selection committees considering applications each year during August or September.
The House of the Dead 4
The House of the Dead 4 is a  light gun shooter arcade game developed by Wow Entertainment and published by Sega. and the fourth installment of the House of the Dead video game series, developed by Sega. The game takes place between the events of The House of the Dead 2 and The House of the Dead III, and introduced several new gameplay concepts. Players can control characters James Taylor, from The House of the Dead 2 (on the left side), or Kate Green, a new character to the series (on the right side). The game was followed by House of the Dead: Scarlet Dawn.

The game was adapted into a ride attraction, The House of the Dead 4 Special.  A PlayStation 3 version featuring support for PlayStation Move and the two stages from The House of the Dead 4 Special was released on April 17, 2012, on the PlayStation Network.

The House of the Dead III
The House of the Dead III is a 2002 light gun shooter video game developed by Wow Entertainment and published by Sega for arcades. The third installment of the House of the Dead series, it continues the story of the previous games and introduces new gameplay concepts. The game's secondary protagonist is Lisa Rogan, daughter of Thomas Rogan and Sophie Richards.

The game was later ported to the Xbox in 2003, Microsoft Windows in 2005, the Wii in 2008 in a compilation with The House of the Dead 2, and PlayStation 3 (via PlayStation Network) in 2012 with PlayStation Move support. It was also remade with typing controls as The Typing of the Dead 2 in 2008.
Romantic comedy
Romantic comedy (commonly shortened to romcom or rom-com) is a sub-genre of comedy and romance fiction, focusing on lighthearted, humorous plot lines centered on romantic ideas, such as how love is able to surmount all obstacles. Romantic comedy evolved from Ancient Greek comedy, medieval romance, and 18th-century Restoration comedy, later developing into sub-genres like screwball comedies, career woman comedies, and 1950s sex comedies in Hollywood.

A common convention in romantic comedies is the "meet-cute", a humorous or unexpected encounter that creates initial tension and sets up the romantic storyline.

Sexual comedy
Sexual comedy (also known as sex comedy and erotic comedy) is a genre in which comedy is motivated by sexual situations and love affairs. Although "sexual comedy" is primarily a description of dramatic forms such as theatre and film, literary works such as those of Ovid and Giovanni Boccaccio may be considered sexual comedies.

Sexual comedy was popular in 17th century English Restoration theatre. From 1953 to 1965, Hollywood released a number of sexual comedies, some featuring stars such as Doris Day, Jack Lemmon and Marilyn Monroe. The United Kingdom released a spate of sexual comedies in the 1970s, notably the Carry On series. Hollywood released Animal House in 1978, which was followed by a long line of teen sexual comedies in the early 1980s, e.g. Porky's, Bachelor Party and Risky Business. Other countries with a significant sexual comedy film production include Argentina (comedia picaresca), Brazil (pornochanchada), Italy (commedia sexy all'italiana) and Mexico (sexicomedias).
Thessaloniki Festival of Greek Cinema
The Thessaloniki Film Festival started in 1960 and at the beginning comprised exclusively Greek films. The first years (1960–1965) the festival was called "Week of Greek Cinema". From 1965 to 1991 the festival was called Festival of Greek Cinema and from 1992 became an international film festival as the Thessaloniki International Film Festival. Since 1992, Greek films compete in a different section of the festival with the name Greek State Film Awards. Since 2008, the Greek competition was abolished and remained only the international section of the festival. Today the Greek films compete in Hellenic Film Academy Awards. Below are considered the awards of Thessaloniki Film Festival during the period that only Greek films took part (1960–1991).

The awards comprise the categories: best film, best director, best screenplay, best editing, best cinematography, best actor, best actress, best supporting actor, best supporting actress, best music and other.

Thessaloniki International Film Festival
The Thessaloniki International Film Festival (TIFF; Greek: Φεστιβάλ Κινηματογράφου Θεσσαλονίκης, romanized: Festivál Kinimatográfou Thessaloníkis) is a film festival held every November in Thessaloniki, Greece. It is organized by the Thessaloniki Film Festival under the auspices of the Greek Ministry of Culture. It features international competition sections, and its program includes tributes to major filmmakers and national cinemas, as well as sidebar events such as masterclasses, exhibitions, live concerts and workshops. In addition to TIFF, the Thessaloniki Film Festival holds the annual Thessaloniki Documentary Festival (TDF) in March.
Vairankode
Vairankode, also spelled as Vairamkode, is a small village in Thirunavaya grama Panchayath of Tirur Taluk in Malappuram district, Kerala. It is well known for Sree Vairankode Bhagavathi temple, one of the oldest and most popular Bhagavathi temples in Kerala. The village and temple are situated on Pattarnadakkavu – BP Angadi Road.

Tirunavaya
Tirunavaya, also spelled as Thirunavaya, is a town in Tirur Malappuram, Kerala. Situated on the northern bank of Bharatappuzha (River Ponnani/Nila or Perar), it is one of the major Hindu pilgrimage centres in Kerala. Tirunavaya, home to Tirunavaya Temple (Navamukunda/Vishnu Temple) and temples of Siva and Brahma (Cherutirunavaya Brahma Temple and Siva Temple/Tirunavaya Mahadeva Temple), is one of the most prominent places for bali tarpana on Karkitaka vavu in Kerala.
Water fight
A water fight, water battle or water war is a type of mock combat using various water-dispensing devices to soak opponents. Everything from buckets to water balloons to water guns and even cupped hands cradling water can be applied in a water fight. There are many different levels of game play used by those engaging in water fights, from quick, casual fights to long, objective-oriented-style water warfare campaigns, and tournament-style games. In most but not all cases, the common objective is to soak (spray with water) one's opponents while trying to remain dry. Water fights are most common in hot summer weather in order to cool off.

Water balloon
A water balloon or water bomb is a balloon, often made of latex rubber, filled with water. Water balloons are used in a summer pastime of cooling off through water balloon fights. Water balloons are also popular for celebrations, including celebrating Holi and Carnival in India, Nepal, and several other countries.
7816 Hanoi
7816 Hanoi, provisional designation 1987 YA, is an eccentric stony asteroid and Mars-crosser from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 December 1987, by Japanese astronomer Masahiro Koishikawa at the Ayashi Station (391) of the Sendai Astronomical Observatory, Japan, and later named after the Vietnamese capital of Hanoi.

Masahiro Koishikawa
Masahiro Koishikawa (小石川 正弘, Koishikawa Masahiro; 1952 – 26 August 2020) was a Japanese astronomer. He studied both major and minor planets, and discovered multiple asteroids.

Koishikawa was a staff member of the Sendai Astronomical Observatory frin 1972. His research was based out of the Sendai's Ayashi (391) station. The main-belt asteroid 6097 Koishikawa, discovered by Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at Kitami in 1991, was named in his honor. He died on 26 August 2020 from lung cancer.
History of the United States Army National Guard
The history of the Army National Guard in the United States dates from 1636, when the Massachusetts Bay Colony's government organized existing militia companies into three regiments.  The National Guard's history continued through the colonial era, including the French and Indian War, and extends into the modern era, with deployments for natural disasters, military objectives, and controlling civil unrest in the early decades of the 2000s.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
Begenç Gündogdyýew
Lieutenant General Begenç Ataýewiç Gündogdyýew (born 16 November 1976) is a Turkmen military officer and politician who currently serves as the 10th minister of defence of Turkmenistan under President Serdar Berdimuhamedow. He previously served in this same position from 2011 to 2015, succeeding Ýaýlym Berdiýew.

Ýaýlym Berdiýew
Major General Ýaýlym Ýagmyrowiç Berdiýew (born 1972) is a Turkmen general and politician who has served as the minister of national security and as the secretary of the State Security Council of Turkmenistan. He previously also served as the minister of defense of Turkmenistan from 2015 to 2018.
Bird's eye extinction
Bird's eye extinction, or bird's eye maple, is a specific type of extinction exhibited by minerals of the mica group under cross polarized light of the petrographic microscope. It gives the mineral a pebbly appearance as it passes into extinction. This is caused when the grinding tools used to create petrographic thin sections of precise thickness alter the alignment of the previously perfect basal cleavage planes which split micas up into its characteristic thin sheets. The resulting, slightly roughened surface alters the extinction angle of various parts of the crystal lattice, leading to this type of extinction. Since it is not a natural feature of the mineral, bird's eye extinction is not observed in all mica crystals, nor from all angles, but it is quite common, and is used as a diagnostic feature for micas.

Common micas which exhibit this include biotite (and the magnesium end-member phlogopite) and muscovite.

Mica
Micas (/ˈmaɪkəz/ MY-kəz) are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into fragile elastic plates. This characteristic is described as perfect basal cleavage. Mica is common in igneous and metamorphic rock and is occasionally found as small flakes in sedimentary rock. It is particularly prominent in many granites, pegmatites, and schists, and "books" (large individual crystals) of mica several feet across have been found in some pegmatites.

Micas are used in products such as drywalls, paints, and fillers, especially in parts for automobiles, roofing, and in electronics. The mineral is used in cosmetics and food to add "shimmer" or "frost".
Cutandia
Cutandia is a genus of Asian and Mediterranean plant in the grass family. It grows from Portugal and Cape Verde to Pakistan and Kazakhstan.

Species

Cutandia dichotoma (Forssk.) Trab. - Asia + Africa from Algeria to Iran

Cutandia divaricata (Desf.) Benth.  - Canary Islands, Spain, Italy (incl Sicily + Sardinia), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya

Cutandia maritima (L.) Benth. - Mediterranean, Canary Islands

Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) Benth. - Spain, North Africa, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Middle East, Caucasus, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Central Asia

Cutandia rigescens (Grossh.) Tzvelev - Caucasus, iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan

Cutandia stenostachya (Boiss.) Stace - Greece + Turkey including Aegean Islands

Former species

See Desmazeria and Vulpiella

Cutandia incrassata - Vulpiella stipoides

Cutandia philistaea - Desmazeria philistaea

Cutandia rohlfsiana - Desmazeria philistaea

Vulpiella
Vulpiella is a genus of plants in the grass family. The only known species is Vulpiella stipoides, native to the western Mediterranean region (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Italy, France, Spain Portugal; including islands of Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, and the Baleares).

The type species is Cutandia incrassata (Salzm. ex Lois.) Batt. & Trab.
An Account of the Entry of the Catholic Religion into Sichuan
An Account of the Entry of the Catholic Religion into Sichuan, also referred to as Mission to Sichuan, is a 1918 history book edited by Paris Foreign Missions Society missionary François-Marie-Joseph Gourdon in Chinese, and published by the Imprimerie de la Sainte-Famille in the city of Chongqing, with the approval of Célestin Chouvellon, Apostolic Vicar of Eastern Szechwan.

Archdiocese of Chongqing
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Chongqing (formerly spelt Chungking) (Latin: Archidioecesis Ciomchimensis; Chinese: 天主教重慶總教區) is a Latin Church Metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in southwestern China, yet still depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. The Archbishop of Chongqing is the primate of the Catholic Church in Sichuan (Szechwan).

Established on 2 April 1856 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Southeastern Szechwan, its archiepiscopal see is the Cathedral of St. Joseph, located in the provincial-level city of Chongqing, which lies in the eastern part of the mission territory, hence the designation of Eastern Szechwan Mission. The archdiocese has been vacant without an apostolic administrator since 2001.
Sołtan argument
The Sołtan argument is an astrophysical theory outlined in 1982 by Polish astronomer Andrzej Sołtan. It maintains that if quasars were powered by accretion onto a supermassive black hole, then such supermassive black holes must exist in our local universe as "dead" quasars.

Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space that nothing, not even light, can escape. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

Two supermassive black holes have been directly imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope; these are Sagittarius A, at the center of the Milky Way, and the black hole at the center of Messier 87, a giant elliptical galaxy.
Liga Peruana de Vóley Masculino
The Liga Peruana de Vóley (Spanish for Peruvian Volleyball League) is the top level Peruvian volleyball competition and it is organized by the Peruvian Volleyball Confederation. There are both men's and women's competitions. The number of participating clubs has been 12 per division since the 2011–12 season. The team champions qualify for the men's and women's South American Volleyball Club Championship.

Peruvian Volleyball Federation
The Peruvian Volleyball Federation (Spanish: Federación Peruana de Voleibol, FPV) is the governing body of volleyball and beach volleyball in Peru. Formed February 24th, 1942, its headquarters are in the capital city of Lima. The FPV is a member of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) and the South American Volleyball Confederation (CSV) and it is affiliated to the Instituto Peruano del Deporte IPD (Spanish for Peruvian Sports Institute) and the Peruvian Olympic Committee.

It organizes both the men's and women's Liga Nacional Superior de Voleibol (Spanish for Senior National Volleyball League), which are the top level's volleyball competition in Peru. It also organizes international cups which are registered at the FIVB such as the Copa Latina. The organization also administrates the Peru men's national volleyball team and the Peru women's national volleyball team.