hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CliSAP
The "Integrated Climate System Analysis and Prediction" (CliSAP) Cluster of Excellence is a research association of the Universität Hamburg, the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, HZG), and the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The Cluster of Excellence started in 2007 as part of the Excellence Initiative of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. It is therefore funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). CliSAP conducts fundamental research on climate and climate change in the fields of natural, economic and social sciences.

German Research Foundation
The German Research Foundation (German: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈfɔʁʃʊŋsɡəˌmaɪnʃaft]; abbr. DFG [ˌdeːʔɛfˈɡeː]) is a German research funding organization, which functions as a self-governing institution for the promotion of science and research in the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2019, the DFG had a funding budget of €3.3 billion.
Lissandro
Lissandro Formica (born 2 October 2009), known mononymously as Lissandro, is a French singer best known for winning the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2022 with the song "Oh Maman !". Previously, in 2020, he reached the final of the seventh season of the French version of The Voice Kids.

The Voice Kids (French TV series)
The Voice Kids is a French music talent show for aspiring singers aged 6 to 15, based on the show The Voice: la plus belle voix. The first broadcast took place on 23 August 2014 on TF1. Unlike the adult version, during seasons 1 to 4, there were only three coaches. From season 5 onward, a fourth coach was added, following the adaptation of the original Dutch version.

There have been eleven winners: Carla Georges, Jane Constance, Manuela Diaz, Angélina Nava, Emma Cerchi, Soan Arhimann, Rébecca Sayaque, Raynaud Sadon, Durel Loumouamou, Tim Houdaille, and Charlotte Deseigne.

The original panel featured Jenifer, Louis Bertignac and Garou; the panel for the eleventh season featured Patrick Fiori, Soprano, Matt Pokora and Santa. Other coaches that have appeared in previous seasons include Amel Bent, Kendji Girac, Julien Doré, Louane, Nolwenn Leroy, Slimane, Lara Fabian, and Claudio Capéo.
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
The Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology is a series of peer-reviewed scientific journals covering the fields of photochemistry and photobiology, published by Elsevier. It was originally established in 1972, and split into Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry and Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology in 1987. A third title; Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, was established in 2000 and is the official journal of the Japanese Photochemistry Association.

Photochemistry
Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible (400–750 nm), or infrared radiation (750–2500 nm).

In nature, photochemistry is of immense importance as it is the basis of photosynthesis, vision, and the formation of vitamin D with sunlight. It is also responsible for the appearance of DNA mutations leading to skin cancers.

Photochemical reactions proceed differently than temperature-driven reactions. Photochemical paths access high-energy intermediates that cannot be generated thermally, thereby overcoming large activation barriers in a short period of time, and allowing reactions otherwise inaccessible by thermal processes.  Photochemistry can also be destructive, as illustrated by the photodegradation of plastics.
Waffle slab
A waffle slab or two-way joist slab is a concrete slab made of reinforced concrete with concrete ribs running in two directions on its underside. The name waffle comes from the grid pattern created by the reinforcing ribs. Waffle slabs are preferred for spans greater than 40 feet (12 m), because, for a given mass of concrete, they are much stronger than flat slabs, flat slabs with drop panels, two-way slabs, one-way slabs, and one-way joist slabs.

Formwork
Formwork is molds into which concrete or similar materials are either precast or cast-in-place. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering molds.  In specialty applications formwork may be permanently incorporated into the final structure, adding insulation or helping reinforce the finished structure.
Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine
Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (SHSU-COM) is the medical school of Sam Houston State University in Conroe, Texas. Founded in 2019, the college confers the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. The campus consists of a five-story, 107,000 square-foot building on 7.3 acres. In 2024, SHSU-COM received full Accreditation with Exceptional Outcomes from the American Osteopathic Association's (AOA) Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA). The college employs 20 full-time clinical faculty, 17 full-time biomedical science faculty, and 37 staff members.

In its 2023-2024 Rankings, the medical school was unranked in research and primary care in the  U.S. News & World Report of best medical schools.

Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation
The American Osteopathic Association's (AOA) Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA) accredits medical schools granting the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree in the United States. The US Department of Education lists the Commission as a recognized accreditor.
Scott Cunningham
Scott Douglas Cunningham (June 27, 1956 – March 28, 1993) was an American writer. Cunningham is the author of several books on Wicca and various other alternative religious subjects.

His work Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner, is one of the most successful books on Wicca ever published; he was a friend of notable occultists and Wiccans such as Raymond Buckland, and was a member of the Serpent Stone Family, and received his Third Degree Initiation as a member of that coven.

Raymond Buckland
Raymond Buckland (31 August 1934 – 27 September 2017), whose craft name was Robat, was an English writer on the subject of Wicca and the occult, and a significant figure in the history of Wicca, of which he was a high priest in both the Gardnerian and Seax-Wica traditions.

According to his written works, primarily Witchcraft from the Inside, published in 1971, he was the first person in the United States to openly admit to being a practitioner of Wicca, and he introduced the lineage of Gardnerian Wicca to the United States in 1964, after having been initiated by Gerald Gardner's then-high priestess Monique Wilson in Britain the previous year. He later formed his own tradition dubbed Seax-Wica  which focuses on the symbolism of Anglo-Saxon paganism.
William Hazlitt
William Hazlitt (10 April 1778 – 18 September 1830) was an English essayist, drama and literary critic, painter, social commentator, and philosopher. He is now considered one of the greatest critics and essayists in the history of the English language, placed in the company of Samuel Johnson and George Orwell. He is also acknowledged as the finest art critic of his age. Despite his high standing among historians of literature and art, his work is currently little read and mostly out of print.

During his lifetime he befriended many people who are now part of the 19th-century literary canon, including Charles and Mary Lamb, Stendhal, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, and John Keats.

Stendhal
Marie-Henri Beyle (French: [maʁi ɑ̃ʁi bɛl]; 23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842), better known by his pen name Stendhal (UK: /ˈstɒ̃dɑːl/, US: /stɛnˈdɑːl, stænˈ-/, French: [stɛ̃dal, stɑ̃dal]), was a French writer. Best known for the novels Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black, 1830) and La Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1839), he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the early and foremost practitioners of realism. A self-proclaimed egotist, the neologism for the same characteristic in his characters was "Beylism".

Stendhal is also known for De l'amour, his work on "passionate love" in which the concept of "crystallization" was invented. The book was mostly ignored after publishing, but has been lauded posthumously as one of the first "modern" attempts at understanding love. Sharon Brehm, a president of the APA, has called Stendhal "a first-rate psychologist before the official term was coined".
Terrie Williams (scientist)
Terrie Williams is a marine biologist and ecophysiologist who studies seals, dolphins, whales, and other marine life. She is currently a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California Santa Cruz.

Ecophysiology
Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the response of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.  It is closely related to comparative physiology and evolutionary physiology. Ernst Haeckel's coinage bionomy is sometimes employed as a synonym.
Ananda W. P. Guruge
Ananda Wahihana Palliya Guruge (28 December 1928 – 6 August 2014), known as Ananda W. P. Guruge, was a Sri Lankan diplomat, Buddhist scholar and writer. Guruge was the former Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Sri Lanka to UNESCO, France, and United States (with non-resident accreditation to Spain, Algeria and Mexico) from 1985 to 1994. Guruge was adjunct professor of Religious Studies at Cal State Fullerton and was the dean of academic affairs at University of the West.

California State University, Fullerton
California State University, Fullerton (CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public research university in Fullerton, California, United States. With a total enrollment of more than 41,000, it has the largest student body of the California State University (CSU) system, and its graduate student body of more than 5,000 is one of the largest in the CSU and in all of California. As of fall 2016, the school had 2,083 faculty, of whom 782 were on the tenure track. The university offers 109 degree programs: 55 undergraduate degrees and 54 graduate degrees, including 3 doctoral programs.

Cal State Fullerton is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It is also a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution (AANAPISI).

CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans. They compete in the Big West Conference.
Patrick Ah Van
Patrick Ah Van (born 17 March 1988) is a Samoa international rugby league footballer who plays as a winger for the North Wales Crusaders in RFL League 1.

He previously played for the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL, and for the Bradford Bulls and the Widnes Vikings in the Super League. Ah Van also spent time on loan from Widnes at North Wales in the third tier. He also had another spell with the Vikings in the Championship and played for Villeghailhenc-Aragon XIII in the Elite 2 Championship.

North Wales Crusaders
The North Wales Crusaders (Welsh: Croesgadwyr Gogledd Cymru Rygbi'r Gynghrair) are a professional rugby league club based in Colwyn Bay, Wales. They are the successors to the former Super League club Crusaders Rugby League. They currently compete in the RFL Championship, which is the second tier of the  British rugby league system.

Until the end of 2016 they played their home games at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham. From 2017 to 2020 they were based at the Queensway Stadium in Wrexham, but also played several games at Hare Lane in Chester.  In 2021 the club moved to the Eirias Stadium in Colwyn Bay.
Terry Blade
Terry Blade is an American singer-songwriter and music video director based in the Chicago metropolitan area. He has released multiple studio albums, including American Descendant of Slavery, the Album (2021), Neo Queer (2022), Ethos: Son of a Sharecropper (2023), and Chicago Kinfolk: The Juke Joint Blues (2025).

His work frequently incorporates archival audio, explores themes of race, sexuality, and inter-generational memory, and has been highlighted by reviewers for its minimalist production and baritone vocal delivery.

His work has also received recognition, premiering at the Tribeca Film Festival, and winning a Clio Music Award for Use of Music Craft, a Shorty Impact Award for Arts & Culture, and First Place in the Blues category of the 2023 American Songwriter Song Contest.

American Songwriter
American Songwriter is an American bimonthly magazine covering songwriting. Established in 1984, it features interviews, songwriting tips, news, reviews and lyric contest. The magazine is based in Nashville, Tennessee.
World Trade Center of Grenoble
The World Trade Center of Grenoble (WTC G) is one of the 12 World Trade Centers in France and one of 330 WTCs in the world. It is located in the heart of the Europole district of Grenoble. It is certified by the World Trade Centers Association (WTCA) since 1988. "The Silver Certification" has been given since 2008 corresponding to the new certification expectancies.

World Trade Centers Association
The World Trade Centers Association (WTCA) was founded in 1970 by Port Authority NYNJ executive Guy F. Tozzoli. WTCA is a not-for-profit, non-political association dedicated to the establishment and operation of World Trade Centers (WTCs) as instruments for international trade expansion.

As of May 2020, the WTCA included 323 properties licensed in 90 countries and staffed by "15,000 WTC professionals".  The WTCA is an unofficial umbrella trade association that unites corporations and government agencies in international trade.
Mark an der Drau
The Mark an der Drau (German for "March on the (river) Drava") was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire and its predecessors during the Middle Ages. It came into being during the second half of the 10th century, covering an area from the eastern border of the Carolingian Carantanian Gaugrafschaft of Jauntal (that is, the Drava valley between the mouth of the Vellach and Schwabegg) to Pettau (modern Ptuj) in the territory of Friedau (Ormož). After 1147 it was attached to the Mark an der Mur forming the March of Styria/Carantania, which later gave rise to the Duchy of Styria. Other designations for the territory include Mark Pettau ('March of Pettau'), Mark hinter dem Drauwald ('March beyond the Drava forest'), Grafschaft hinter dem Drauwald ('County beyond the Drava forest'), Marchia transsilvana/transsylvana, Pitouiensis, and untere Karantaner Mark ('lower Carantanian March').

Graf
Graf (German pronunciation: [ɡʁaːf] ⓘ; feminine: Gräfin [ˈɡʁɛːfɪn] ⓘ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "countess").

The German nobility was gradually divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility included those counts who ruled immediate imperial territories of "princely size and importance" for which they had a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet.
Bear Brook (Ontario)
Bear Brook (French: ruisseau Bear) is a small stream in the municipalities of Clarence-Rockland and The Nation, United Counties of Prescott and Russell, and the city of Ottawa in eastern Ontario, Canada. It forms in the fields and forests just north of Edwards, and flows in a mostly eastern direction to its mouth as a left tributary of the South Nation River.

Communities along the brook include Edwards, Carlsbad Springs, Bearbrook, Cheney, and Bourget.

Clarence-Rockland
Clarence-Rockland is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in the United Counties of Prescott and Russell on the Ottawa River. Clarence-Rockland, located immediately to the east of Ottawa, was formed on January 1, 1998, through the amalgamation of the Town of Rockland with Clarence Township.

The geographic Township of Clarence was established in 1798 and named after Prince William Henry, Duke of Clarence. Communities were established in the township since the early 1840s. In July 1853, the Township Municipality of Clarence was created when it separated from the United Township of Russell, Cambridge and Clarence. Rockland was incorporated as a town in 1908.
Cleveland CycleWerks
Cleveland CycleWerks is a privately held motorcycle manufacturer that designs and assembles small displacement retro style café racers and bobbers at its headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio, relying on offshore manufacturing in China by CPI Motor Company of Taiwan for most components, including frames and the Honda-derived engine used on all models.

The company was founded by Scott Colosimo, Jarrod Streng, and Curtis Ray in 2009, who sought partner factories in China after being turned away by US parts suppliers, and government seed money sources. The company aims to fill a gap in the motorcycle marketplace for inexpensive yet stylish motorcycles that riders find technologically accessible, easing customization and maintenance.

Custom motorcycle
A custom motorcycle is a motorcycle with stylistic and/or structural changes to the 'standard' mass-produced machine offered by major manufacturers. Custom motorcycles might be unique, or built in limited quantities.  While individual motorcyclists have altered the appearance of their machines since the first days of motorcycling, the first individualized motorcycles specifically labeled 'Custom' appeared in the late 1950s, around the same time as the term was applied to custom cars.
Lim Teck Yin
Lim Teck Yin PPA(P) PPA(E) (Chinese: 林德仁; pinyin: Lín Dérén; born 24 December 1962) is a Singaporean public servant and former brigadier-general who served as the chief executive officer of Sport Singapore from 2011 - 2023.

Throughout his career, Lim has been involved in competitive sports as he sought to further his primary job in the army. Lim is also a former national water polo player with seven Southeast Asian Games medals, and a recipient of the Singapore National Olympic Council Team of the Year Award for 1986, 1989 and 1991.

Lim was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Military) (Silver) in 2006, and the Public Administration Medal (Gold) in 2015 for his contributions to Singapore's sports sector.

Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (Tentera)
The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (Tentera) (English: Public Administration Medal (Military)) is a decoration awarded to members of the Singapore Armed Forces for meritorious service in command or staff positions, and has three grades:

Emas (Gold)

Perak (Silver) (Bar)

Perak (Silver)

Gangsa (Bronze)

Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PPA, and may include the grade in brackets - e.g.: PPA(E).

The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam is the civil equivalent award.
Madness (1994 film)
Madness (Italian: Gli occhi dentro a.k.a. Occhi senza volto) is a 1994 Italian giallo film directed by Bruno Mattei. The film is about Giovanna Dei (Monica Carpanese) who is the creator of the comic series Doctor Dark, a character with a split personality. After a series of murders begin to happen in a similar fashion to how Doctor Dark's fictional murders. Dei defends herself against any criticism of the violence in her comics and later finds that the murderer is leaving the eyeballs of her victims in her apartment.

Madness was a low budget production shot for foreign audiences. The version released to home video in Italy differs from the original film market screenings, where it borrows murder scenes from A Blade in the Dark. Only the English-dubbed version was released internationally under the title Madness; it was released in Italy as Gli occhi dentro. Film historians Roberto Curti and Troy Howarth commented negatively on the film on their retrospective reviews of the film.

A Blade in the Dark
A Blade in the Dark (Italian: La casa con la scala nel buio, lit. 'The House with the Dark Staircase') is a 1983 Italian giallo film directed by Lamberto Bava and starring Andrea Occhipinti, Michele Soavi, and Valeria Cavalli. Originally planned for television, the film was made as a nearly two hour piece split into four parts each of which would end with a murder scene. After the film was found to be too gruesome for Italian television censors, it was re-edited into a feature film.
Ranjit Fernando
Edward Ranjit Fernando (born 22 February 1944) is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played three One Day Internationals, all of which were during the 1975 Cricket World Cup during which he was the wicket-keeper and opening batsman. In September 2018, he was one of 49 former Sri Lankan cricketers felicitated by Sri Lanka Cricket, to honour them for their services before Sri Lanka became a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). He is married to Sri Lankan entrepreneur Ramani Fernando and they have four children, Rashika Fernando, Rishen Fernando, Rehan Fernando and Rakhil Fernando.

Sri Lanka Cricket
Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC) is the governing body for cricket in Sri Lanka. It was first registered with the Sri Lankan Ministry of Sports as the Board of Control for Cricket in Sri Lanka on 30 June 1975 as a national sports body. The board was renamed in 2003.

The SLC operates all of the Sri Lankan national representative cricket sides, including the Men's, Women's, Under-19 and Under-17 sides. The SLC is also responsible for organising and hosting Test tours and one day internationals with other nations, and scheduling the home international fixtures.
VK 30 series
The Versuchskonstruktion 30 were two series of tank designs by Germany in World War II, originally intended as heavy 'breakthrough' tanks, but later switching completely to designate medium tanks to succeed the Panzer III, IV, and the planned VK 20 series tanks. These were requested in response to the Soviet T-34 and KV-1 tanks, with far heavier armour and armament than the mobile armoured vehicles fielded by the Wehrmacht at the time. Many German companies submitted projects, including Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg (MAN), Daimler-Benz (DB), Henschel, and Porsche. The winning entry tanks would go on to become the famous Tiger I and Panther tanks, capable opponents to the T-34, but it was ultimately too late and at too small of a scale to affect the course of the war.

MAN SE
MAN SE (abbreviation of Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg, German: [maˈʃiːnənfaˌbʁiːk ˈʔaʊksbʊʁk ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk]) was a manufacturing and engineering company based in Munich, Germany. Its primary output was commercial vehicles and diesel engines through its MAN Truck & Bus and MAN Latin America divisions, and participation in the manufacturer Sinotruk.

MAN SE was majority-owned by Traton, the heavy commercial vehicle subsidiary of automaker Volkswagen AG, until August 2021 when Traton completed a squeeze-out of all remaining shareholders and formally merged MAN SE into Traton SE, meaning the former subsidiaries of MAN SE were now directly owned by Traton, and MAN SE ceased to exist.