hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miles Law School
Miles Law School is a law school located in Birmingham, Alabama. It is independent of Miles College.

Miles Law School was founded on August 26, 1974.  Among the founders were Bishop C. A. Kirkendoll of the C.M.E. Church, Dr. W. Clyde Williams, former president of Miles College, former Alabama Judge and state Senator J. Richmond Pearson, and Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center.

Miles College
Miles College is a private historically black college in Fairfield, Alabama. Founded in 1898, it is associated with the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (CME Church) and a member of the United Negro College Fund.
Ugly duckling theorem
The ugly duckling theorem is an argument showing that classification is not really possible without some sort of bias. More particularly, it assumes finitely many properties combinable by logical connectives, and finitely many objects; it asserts that any two different objects share the same number of (extensional) properties. The theorem is named after Hans Christian Andersen's 1843 story "The Ugly Duckling", because it shows that a duckling is just as similar to a swan as two swans are to each other. It was derived by Satosi Watanabe in 1969.: 376–377

Satoshi Watanabe (physicist)
Satoshi Watanabe (渡辺 慧, Watanabe Satoshi; 26 May 1910 – 15 October 1993) was a theoretical physicist. He studied various topics, such as the time reversal of quantum mechanics, pattern recognition, cognitive science, and the concept of time. He was the first physicist who claimed that quantum probability theory is time-asymmetric (irreversible; non-invariant under time reversal), and reject the conventional analysis of the time reversal of probability laws. He developed the Double Inferential Vector Formalism (DIVF), later known as the Two-state vector formalism (TSVF), which is sometimes interpreted as contradicting his claim of time-asymmetry, but this is a misunderstanding. He also proposed the Ugly duckling theorem.
Siberian State Aerospace University
The Siberian State University of Science and Technology (Russian: Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий), previously known as Reshetnyov University, is a public university in Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation. Founded in 1960.

Krasnoyarsk
Krasnoyarsk is the largest city and administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is situated along the Yenisey River, and is the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk, with a population of over 1.1 million. Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the renowned Trans-Siberian Railway, and is one of the largest producers of aluminum in the country. The city is known for its natural landscape; author Anton Chekhov judged Krasnoyarsk to be the most beautiful city in Siberia. The Stolby Nature Sanctuary is located 10 km south of the city. Krasnoyarsk is a major educational centre in Siberia, and hosts the Siberian Federal University. In 2019, Krasnoyarsk was the host city of the 2019 Winter Universiade, the third hosted in Russia.
Richard Layard, Baron Layard
Peter Richard Grenville Layard, Baron Layard FBA (born 15 March 1934) is a British labour economist, co-director of the Community Wellbeing programme at the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics, and co-editor of the World Happiness Report. Layard is an economist who wants public policy to be targeted at the wellbeing of the people. To this end he has written 6 books and some 40 articles.

His work on mental health, including publishing The Depression Report in 2006, led to the establishment of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme in England.

Centre for Economic Performance
The Centre for Economic Performance (CEP) is an interdisciplinary research centre at the London School of Economics dedicated to the study of economic growth and effective ways to create a fair, inclusive and sustainable society. Currently led by Prof. Stephen Machin, it is one of the world's most prestigious economic research institutes, being the most important economic research institute in the United Kingdom, jointly with the Centre for Economic Policy Research. Its research performance has been particularly strong in the research areas of labour economics, productivity, happiness economics, human capital, the knowledge economy, ICT, innovation, education, and European microeconomic issues.
Mary Enright
Mary Teresa Enright MBE (22 July 1880 – 21 January 1966) was a New Zealand teacher, journalist and community worker. She was born in Charleston, West Coast, New Zealand, on 22 July 1880.

In the 1948 King's Birthday Honours, Enright was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for social welfare work among women and children. In 1953, she was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.

Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
The Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (French: Médaille du couronnement de la Reine Élizabeth II) is a commemorative medal instituted to celebrate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II on 2 June 1953.
Cigliè
Cigliè (Italian: [tʃiʎˈʎɛ]; Piedmontese: Sijé) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 185, and an area of 6.0 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi).

Cigliè borders the following municipalities: Bastia Mondovì, Clavesana, Mondovì, Niella Tanaro, and Rocca Cigliè.

Province of Cuneo
The province of Cuneo (Italian: provincia di Cuneo; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Coni) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. To the west, it borders the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (departments of Alpes-Maritimes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Hautes-Alpes), to the north the Metropolitan City of Turin, to the east the province of Asti and to the south the Ligurian provinces of Savona and Imperia. It is also known as la Provincia Granda (Piedmontese for 'The Big Province'), because it is the largest province in Piedmont and the fourth-largest in Italy (following Sassari, South Tyrol and Foggia). Briga Marittima and Tenda were part of this province before their cession to France in 1947.
Bobby Carpenter (ice hockey)
Robert E. Carpenter Jr. (born July 13, 1963) is an American former professional ice hockey center who was the head coach of Kunlun Red Star of the Kontinental Hockey League from 2017 to 2018. Prior to that he played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 18 seasons from 1981–82 until 1998–99. In his NHL career that spanned 18 years, Carpenter played 1,178 games, scoring 320 goals and 408 assists for 728 points. He has the distinction of being the second American-born hockey player to be selected in the first round of the NHL entry draft (Mike Ramsey was the first), and the first player to play in the NHL directly from high school after being drafted. Carpenter was born in Beverly, Massachusetts, but grew up in Peabody, Massachusetts.

St. John's Preparatory School (Massachusetts)
St. John's Preparatory School is a grade 6–12 private, Catholic, all-boys college-preparatory school located at 72 Spring Street, Danvers, Massachusetts, United States. It was established in 1907 by the Xaverian Brothers.

St. John's was formerly a combination commuter-boarding school but ended its residential program in 1975.
Carceral feminism
Carceral feminism is a critical term for types of feminism that advocate for enhancing and increasing prison sentences that deal with feminist and gender issues. The term criticises the belief that harsher and longer prison sentences will help work towards solving these issues. The phrase "carceral feminism" was coined by Elizabeth Bernstein, a feminist sociologist, in her 2007 article, "The Sexual Politics of the 'New Abolitionism'". Examining the contemporary anti-trafficking movement in the United States, Bernstein introduced the term to describe a type of feminist activism which casts all forms of sexual labor as sex trafficking. She sees this as a retrograde step, suggesting it erodes the rights of women in the sex industry, and takes the focus off other important feminist issues, and expands the neoliberal agenda.

Elizabeth Bernstein
Elizabeth Bernstein (born 10 October 1968) is an American sociologist who is noted for her studies that focus on women, gender, and sexuality. She is also a professor at Columbia University's Barnard College.
Chyzh
Chyzh (Belarusian: Чыж) or Chizh (Russian: Чиж) is an East Slavic surname referring to the Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus). It is equivalent to the Polish surname Czyż and the Czech surname Číž. Notable people with this surname include:

Aleksandr Chizh (born 1997), Belarusian footballer

Aleksandr Chizh (footballer, born 2002), Belarusian footballer

Maksim Chizh (born 1993), Belarusian footballer

Yury Chyzh (born 1963), Belarusian businessman

Číž (surname)
Číž (feminine: Čížová) is a Czech and Slovak surname. It refers to the Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus). A diminutive form of the surname is Čížek. The surname is also related to the Polish cognate Czyż and to the Belarusian cognate Chyzh. Notable people with this surname include:

Adam Číž (born 1991), Czech basketball player

Miroslav Číž (1954–2022), Slovak politician
Tomasz Sapryk
Tomasz Sapryk (born 17 November 1966 in Warsaw, Polish People’s Republic) is a Polish actor. He appeared in the  television series Aby do świtu... in 1992 and in the film The Hexer in 2002. In 2007, he won a Polish Film Award Eagle for Best Supporting Actor (Najlepsza Drugoplanowa Rola Meska) in Sztuczki (a Polish comedy drama).

Tricks (2007 film)
Tricks, (Polish: Sztuczki) is a 2007 Polish film  written, directed and produced by Andrzej Jakimowski starring Damian Ul, Ewelina Walendziak and Tomasz Sapryk. Tricks is Andrzej Jakimowski's follow up to Squint Your Eyes (Zmruż oczy), his 2002 debut.
It's a King
It's a King (also known as Herbert, Roi Malgré Lui ) is a 1933 British comedy film directed by Jack Raymond and starring Sydney Howard, Joan Maude and Cecil Humphreys. It was written by Paul England, Claude Hulbert, Bert Lee, Jack Marks and R. P. Weston, and made at Elstree Studios by the producer Herbert Wilcox's British and Dominions company.

Jack Raymond
Jack Raymond (1886–1953) was an English actor and film director. Born in Wimborne, Dorset in 1886, he began acting before the First World War in A Detective for a Day. In 1921, he directed his first film and gradually he wound down his acting to concentrate completely on directing - making more than forty films in total before his death in 1953.

He was associated with the Hepworth Studios of Walton on Thames, since his portrait appears on a studio publicity postcard when he was probably in his early twenties.

He had a major success in 1930 with The Great Game, one of the earliest films devoted to football and followed it up with Up for the Cup a year later. He remade Up for the Cup in 1950.
Valinhos (Fátima)
Valinhos is a countryside place on the outskirts of Fátima, Portugal. This place became famous for the 19 August 1917 apparition of Our Lady of Fátima and by the 1st and 3rd apparitions of the Guardian Angel of Portugal (also named the Angel of Peace). As such, it is a popular site for religious tourism.

Angel of Portugal
The Angel of Portugal (Portuguese: Anjo de Portugal), also referred to as the Guardian  Angel of Portugal (Anjo da Guarda de Portugal), the Holy Guardian Angel of Portugal (Santo Anjo da Guarda de Portugal), the Custodian Angel (Anjo Custódio) or the Angel of Peace (Anjo da Paz) is celebrated as the Guardian angel of Portugal. It is the only "national angel" recognised as such.
Portugal celebrates the Feast of the Angel of Portugal on 10 June.
St John-at-Hampstead
St John-at-Hampstead is an Anglican parish church dedicated to St John the Evangelist in Church Row, Hampstead, London. The parish stands within the London Borough of Camden and forms part of the Diocese of London.

Henry Willis
Henry Willis (27 April 1821 – 11 February 1901), also known as "Father" Willis, was an English organ player and builder, who is regarded as the foremost organ builder of the Victorian era. His company Henry Willis & Sons remains in business.
Loaded: A Disarming History of the Second Amendment
Loaded: A Disarming History of the Second Amendment is a book written by the historian Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and published by City Lights Books. It takes a close and unexpected look at the historical origins of the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz (born September 10, 1938) is an American historian, writer, professor, and activist based in San Francisco. Born in Texas, she grew up in Oklahoma and is a social justice and feminist activist. She has written numerous books including Blood on the Border: A Memoir of the Contra Years (2005), Red Dirt: Growing up Okie (1992), and An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States (2014). She is professor emerita in Ethnic Studies at California State University.
Serwekai
Serwekai (Pashto: سروکۍ) is a town, tehsil, and subdivision of South Waziristan in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Serwekai is one of the three subdivisions of South Waziristan, along with Ladha and Wanna. The subdivision of Serwekai is further divided into two Tehsils: Serwekai and Tiarza.

Manzoor Pashteen
Manzoor Ahmed Pashteen (born 25 October 1994) is a Pakistani Pashtun human rights activist against enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killings, and other human rights abuses against the Pashtun population in Pakistan. Pashteen leads the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement ("Pashtun Protection Movement"), a social movement focused on the advocacy of rights for Pashtuns in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. From 11 to 14 October 2024, Pashteen was part of the Pashtun National Jirga held in Khyber District to discuss critical issues faced by the Pashtuns.
Speer (mountain)
The Speer is a mountain in the Appenzell Alps with an elevation of 1,951 metres (6,401 ft), located  in the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland. It is situated between the Toggenburg valley, the Linth Plain, and Lake Zurich, overlooking the region between Lake Zurich and Lake Walen.

Being easily accessible (e.g. from Amden), the summit is popular for its panoramic view of the Alps and Prealps from central to eastern Switzerland. The ascent, however, involves a few hours of hiking.

Nearby mountains are the Federispitz and Mattstock.

Toggenburg
Toggenburg (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈtɔɡn̩ˌbʊrɡ] ⓘ) is a region of Switzerland. It corresponds to the upper valley of the River Thur and that of the Necker, one of its afluents. Since 1 January 2003, Toggenburg has been a constituency (Wahlkreis) of the canton of St. Gallen (SFOS number 1727).
Astrid Versto
Astrid Versto (born 3 August 1953) is a Norwegian journalist and diplomat.

She was born in Vinje and took her education at the Norwegian Journalist College. After a journalistic career she was hired as director of communications in Norad in 2000, moving on to director of personnel in 2004. From 2005 to 2008 she was the director of communications at the Royal Palace, Oslo, in other words the Norwegian royal couple. She embarked on a diplomatic career as counsellor at the Norwegian embassy in Austria from 2008 to 2012, director of communications in the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2015 and Norwegian ambassador to Croatia from 2015.

She is a daughter of Aslak Versto, sister of Olav Versto and married to Terje Svabø.

Vinje
Vinje is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Vest-Telemark which is part of Øvre Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Åmot. Other villages in the municipality include Arabygdi, Edland, Grunge, Haukeli, Krossen, Møsstrond, Nesland, Øyfjell, Raulandsgrend, and Vinje.

The 3,106-square-kilometre (1,199 sq mi) municipality is the 14th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Vinje is the 209th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,832. The municipality's population density is 1.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.6/sq mi) and its population has increased by 3% over the previous 10-year period.
Cheremisinovsky District
Cheremisinovsky District (Russian: Череми́синовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 813 square kilometers (314 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Cheremisinovo. Population: 7,804 (2021 Census); 10,347 (2010 Census);  12,431 (2002 Census); 14,160 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Cheremisinovo accounts for 43.1% of the district's population.

Cheremisinovo
Cheremisinovo (Russian: Черемисиново) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Cheremisinovsky District of Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 3,367 (2021 census); 3,812 (2010 census); 4,075 (2002 census); 4,805 (1989 Soviet census).
RIPK2
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RIPK2 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. The encoded protein contains a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD), and is a component of signaling complexes in both the innate and adaptive immune pathways. It is a potent activator of NF-κB and inducer of apoptosis in response to various stimuli.

CARD (domain)
Caspase recruitment domains, or caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs), are interaction motifs found in a wide array of proteins, typically those involved in processes relating to inflammation and apoptosis.  These domains mediate the formation of larger protein complexes via direct interactions between individual CARDs.  CARDs are found on a strikingly wide range of proteins, including helicases, kinases, mitochondrial proteins, caspases, and other cytoplasmic factors.
Johnny G. Plate
Johnny Gerard Plate  (born 10 September 1956) is an Egg politician and businessman who served as Minister of Communication and Information Technology in Joko Widodo's Onward Indonesia Cabinet from 2019 to 2023. Previously, he served in the People's Representative Council for five years, and had been reelected for a second term in the 2019 election. He is a graduate of Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia.

On 17 May 2023, Plate was arrested under charges of corruption. The Attorney General of Indonesia formally made him a suspect of a Rp 8 trillion (USD 550 million) graft case related to Base Transceiver Station projects between 2020 and 2022. Mahfud MD was named acting Minister of Communication and Information Technology thereafter.

Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs
The Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs (MCDA; Indonesian: Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital; abbreviated as Komdigi) is an Indonesian government ministry that is responsible for digital communications, information affairs and internet censorship. The ministry reports to the president and is currently led by Meutya Hafid, the Minister of Communication and Digital Affairs.

The current form of the ministry was established in 2001 by President Megawati Sukarnoputri after its predecessor, the Department of Information (Indonesian: Departemen Penerangan, lit. 'Department of Enlightenment', abbreviated Deppen), was abolished by President Abdurrahman Wahid in 1999. Deppen itself was created on 19 August 1945, during the National Revolution.
Oracle Encyclopædia
The Oracle Encyclopædia: Profusely Illustrated, Containing the most accurate information in the most readable form is a five-volume general encyclopedia. It was published in 1895 in London by George Newnes Ltd and edited by R. W. Egerton Eastwick.

George Newnes Ltd
George Newnes Ltd is a British publisher. The company was founded in 1891 by George Newnes (1851–1910), considered a founding father of popular journalism. Newnes published such magazines and periodicals as Tit-Bits, The Wide World Magazine, The Captain, The Strand Magazine, The Grand Magazine, John O'London's Weekly, Sunny Stories for Little Folk, Woman's Own, and the "Practical" line of magazines overseen by editor Frederick J. Camm. Long after the founder's death, Newnes was known for publishing ground-breaking consumer magazines such as Nova.

Newnes published books by such authors as Enid Blyton, Hall Caine, Richmal Crompton, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, George Goodchild, W. E. Johns, P. G. Wodehouse, and John Wyndham.

Initially an independent publisher, Newnes became an imprint of the International Publishing Company in 1961. Today, books under the Newnes imprint continue to be published by Elsevier.
The Persians
The Persians (Ancient Greek: Πέρσαι, romanized: Pérsai, Latinised as Persae) is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient Greece by the Greek tragedian Aeschylus. It is the second and only surviving part of a now otherwise lost trilogy that won the first prize at the dramatic competitions in Athens' City Dionysia festival in 472 BC, with Pericles serving as choregos. It is Aeschylus' oldest surviving play, and, by extension, the oldest surviving piece of ancient Greek drama.

Dionysia
The Dionysia (/ˌdaɪ.əˈnɪzi.ə, ˌdaɪ.əˈnɪʃi.ə, ˌdaɪ.əˈnɪʃə/; Greek: Διονύσια) was a large festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the central events of which were processions and sacrifices in honor of Dionysus, the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and, from 487 BC, comedies. It was the second-most important festival after the Panathenaia. The Dionysia actually consisted of two related festivals, the Rural Dionysia and the City Dionysia, which took place in different parts of the year.
Iqbal Suhail
Iqbal Ahmed Khan was born in 1884 (11 Rabi' al-thani, 1303 Hijri) in village Badhariya, Azamgarh, and died on 7 November 1955 and his ancestors belongs to a Village name Ledrahi (Jaunpur). He was a famous Urdu poet, writing under the takhallus, or pen name "Suhail", Islamic scholar, lawyer, educationist and a politician. He was a member of the executive committee of the Azamgarh Muslim Education Society, which manages Shibli National Post Graduate College and other institutions in Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh. His poetry has been mentioned in many articles about Azamgarh. His work has been featured in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Urdu Literature. edited by .

Azamgarh
Azamgarh is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Azamgarh division, which consists of Ballia, Mau and Azamgarh districts. Azamgarh is situated on the bank of Tamsa River (Tons). It is located 268 km (167 mi) east of the state capital Lucknow and 809 km from the national capital, Delhi.
Griffith, Australian Capital Territory
Griffith is an early inner-south suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

Griffith contains the Manuka Shopping Centre, one of the earliest shopping areas built in Canberra. Noted buildings in the suburb include the Russian Embassy and St Paul's Anglican Church. Griffith, sized at approximately 3 km², is one of Canberra's oldest suburbs, with several of its streets designed according to Walter Burley Griffin's original designs for Canberra. The suburb has 20 parks covering nearly 12% of the total area.

Manuka, Australian Capital Territory
Manuka (/ˈmɑːnəkə/ MAH-nə-kə, sometimes pronounced as /mɑːˈnuːkə/ Ma-NOO-ka) is an area in the Inner South district of Canberra, Australia covering parts of the suburbs of Griffith and Forrest. Manuka Shops, Manuka Oval, Manuka Swimming Pool, and Manuka Circle take their name from the park in the area.