hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Beam Vreeland
John Beam Vreeland (December 30, 1852 – July 1, 1923) was an attorney and Republican Party politician from Morristown, New Jersey. He served in the New Jersey Senate and as the United States Attorney for the district of New Jersey.

United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey
The U.S. attorney for the District of New Jersey is the chief federal law enforcement officer in New Jersey. The U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey has jurisdiction over all cases prosecuted by the U.S. attorney. The office has been vacant since Alina Habba resigned on December 8, 2025, following a ruling that her appointment was unlawful.
Melbourne tram route 19
Melbourne tram route 19 is a tram route on the Melbourne tramway network serving the city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Operated by Yarra Trams, the route is coloured light purple and extends from North Coburg to Flinders Street station over 10.2 kilometre of double track via Sydney Road, Royal Parade and Elizabeth Street. It is serviced out of Brunswick depot utilising B and D2 class trams.

Coburg North
Coburg North is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 9 km (5.6 mi) north of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Darebin and Merri-bek local government areas. Coburg North recorded a population of 8,327 at the 2021 census.

Although most of Coburg North is within the City of Merri-bek, a handful of properties on Elizabeth Street, Coburg North's eastern boundary, are located in the City of Darebin.

The suburb lies north of Coburg, and has the same postcode (3058). The majority of Coburg North is zoned residential, though there are some industrial pockets. The major commercial strip on Sydney Road is primarily automotive-related businesses. Merlynston has a small shopping strip with some cafes. The rest of the suburb is reliant on corner shops for everyday needs.
Conversational Monitor System
The Conversational Monitor System (CMS, originally Cambridge Monitor System) is a simple interactive single-user operating system.  CMS was originally developed as part of IBM's CP/CMS operating system, which went into production use in 1967.  CMS is part of IBM's VM family, which runs on IBM mainframe computers. VM was first announced in 1972, and is still in use today as z/VM.

CMS runs as a "guest" operating system in a private virtual machine created by the VM control program. The control program plus CMS together create a multi-user time-sharing operating system.

Z/VM
z/VM is the current version in IBM's VM family of virtual machine operating systems. First released in October 2000, z/VM remains in active use and development as of 2024. It is directly based on technology and concepts dating back to the 1960s, particularly IBM's CP/CMS on the IBM System/360-67 (see article History of CP/CMS for historical details). z/VM runs on IBM's IBM Z family of computers and can support large numbers (thousands) of Linux virtual machines. (See Linux on IBM Z.)

On 16 September 2022, IBM released z/VM Version 7.3 which requires z/Architecture, implemented in IBM's EC12, BC12 and later models.
Cambridge University Law Society
The Cambridge University Law Society (also known as "CULS" or "LawSoc") is the educational and representative body of undergraduate law students at the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1901, and with an estimated 2,000 active members, it is the largest United Kingdom student-led law society and among the largest student-run law societies in the world.

The society founded the Cambridge Law Journal as a student publication in 1921, today the longest-running university law journal in the United Kingdom and the principal publication of the Faculty of Law, Cambridge.

It is known for its Speakers events featuring prominent lawyers, politicians and legal celebrities. It also publishes the Cambridge Law Review and organises the annual University of Cambridge Law Ball, one of the University's most prominent events outside May Week. It is one of the wealthiest societies at the University of Cambridge.

Ball (dance event)
A ball is a formal dance event often characterised by a banquet followed by a social dance. Ball dancing emerged from formal dances during the Middle Ages and carried on through different iterations throughout succeeding centuries, such as the 17th century Baroque dance and the 18th century cotillion. Several variations exists such as the masquerade and debutante ball as well as the more modern prom.
Ernst Reiter
Ernst Reiter (born 31 October 1962 in Ruhpolding) is a former German biathlete who represented West Germany. At the 1984 Olympics in Sarajevo, Reiter won a bronze medal with the West German relay team consisting of Peter Angerer, Walter Pichler and Fritz Fischer. And at the 1988 Olympics in Calgary. Reiter won a silver medal with the West German relay team consisting of Peter Angerer, Stefan Höck and Fritz Fischer

Fritz Fischer (biathlete)
Friedrich "Fritz" Fischer (born 22 September 1956) is a former biathlete from Germany. He won a gold medal with Germany in the 4 × 7.5 km relay in the 1992 Winter Olympics. After ending his competitive career Fischer served as a coach for the German biathlon team for many years before retiring in 2014.
Mohamed Lahyani
Mohamed Lahyani (born 27 June 1966) is a Swedish tennis umpire. He is a Gold Badge Chair Umpire certified by the Association of Tennis Professionals. He is noted for presiding over the longest match in professional tennis history at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships. He was briefly suspended in 2018 for words of encouragement to Nick Kyrgios during a US Open match between Kyrgios and Pierre-Hugues Herbert.

2018 US Open (tennis)
The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City.

Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to  defend their titles. Nadal retired during his semifinal match against Juan Martín del Potro. Stephens was defeated in the quarterfinals by Anastasija Sevastova, whom Stephens had beaten at the same stage the previous year.

Novak Djokovic won the men's singles title, defeating del Potro in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–4), 6–3. It was his third US Open title and 14th Grand Slam, tying Pete Sampras' record to become equal third among all-time Grand Slam champions. In women's singles, Naomi Osaka defeated Serena Williams in the final, 6–2, 6–4, becoming Japan's first-ever able-bodied Grand Slam singles champion.
Roman Catholic Kshatriya
Roman Catholic  Kshatriyas or Christian Kshatriyas (simply Cxatrias in Romi Konkani, Indo-Portuguese & Indian English) are a modern Christianised caste among Goan, Bombay East Indian, Mangalorean, Kudali & Karwari Catholics. They are patrilineal descendants of Kshatriya and Vaishya Vani converts to the Latin Church, in parts of the Konkan region that were under Portuguese Goan rule. They are known as Chardo in Goan Konkani, Charodi (Kanarese Tsāroḍi) in Canarese Konkani  & as Sandori or Vadval in Damanese-Maharashtrian Konkani; while others also converted from the Khatri, Panchkalshi, Sonar & Pathare subcastes who speak the Bombay East Indian dialect. Some Chardos have maintained endogamy, while others have intermarried with Bamonns.

Kshatriya
Kshatriya (Sanskrit: क्षत्रिय, romanized: Kṣatriya) (from Sanskrit kṣatra, "rule, authority"; also called Rajanya) is one of the four varnas (social orders) of Hindu society and is associated with the warrior aristocracy. The Sanskrit term kṣatriyaḥ is used in the context of later Vedic society wherein members were organised into four classes: brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya, and shudra.
S. Walter Poulshock
S. Walter Poulshock (February 19, 1929 – February 3, 1997) was an American historian and psychotherapist.

As an assistant professor at Rutgers University, Poulshock resigned his position after it was discovered that his 1965 book The Two Parties and the Tariff in the 1880s, among other work, was based on fabricated quotes. The case has been described as one of the most notable examples of academic fraud in American historical research prior to the more widely publicized Arming America case.

Poulshock subsequently retrained as a psychotherapist, and practiced in this field until his death in 1997.

Arming America
Arming America: The Origins of a National Gun Culture is a discredited 2000 book by historian Michael A. Bellesiles about American gun culture, an expansion of a 1996 article he published in the Journal of American History. Bellesiles, then a professor at Emory University, used research missing context to argue that during the early period of US history, guns were uncommon during peacetime and that a culture of gun ownership did not arise until the mid-nineteenth century.

Although the book was awarded the prestigious Bancroft Prize in 2001, it later became the first work for which the prize was rescinded, following a decision of Columbia University's Board of Trustees that Bellesiles had "violated basic norms of scholarship and the high standards expected of Bancroft Prize winners."
The Legend Continues (album)
The Legend Continues... is the eighth solo studio album by American recording artist Kokane. It was released in 2012 through Bud E Boy Entertainment with distribution by Cycadelic Records. Production was handled by Kokane himself along with Squeeze, Tha Chill, West Coast Stone, David Williams and J. Wells. The album features guest appearances from KM.G of Above The Law, Caviar and C-Bo.

The album reached number 196 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, making it Kokane's the most successful studio album to date (along with Dr. Kokastien mixtape).

C-Bo
Shawn Thomas (born January 14, 1972), better known by his stage name C-Bo, is an American rapper from Sacramento, California. Known for his extensive legal troubles, he was the first notable rapper to be jailed due to his lyrical content in 1998. His 1995 song, "Deadly Game" (with X-Raided) earned this distinction, as its lyrics were a scathing critique of political officials, including governor Pete Wilson, and California's Prop. 184 three-strikes law. He ineffectively argued for appeal three times.

Although some charges were dropped as it was viewed as a violation of his First Amendment rights, he was arrested in California in 1998, under the suspicion that his violent rap lyrics violated his parole. He rapped his court statement to the presiding judge, in Ohio, who gave C-Bo probation on the condition that he also rap in a Public Service Announcement. Also known for his frequent collaborations with fellow California-based rappers, he appeared in numerous videos for Tupac Shakur.
Up & Down: Mukalil Oralundu
Up & Down: Mukalil Oralundu is a 2013 Malayalam psychological thriller film directed by T. K. Rajeev Kumar. It is very loosely based on the 2011 Hollywood film Elevator. The story unfolds in a lift where nine people are stuck. Indrajith Sukumaran, Prathap Pothen, K. B. Ganesh Kumar, Rejith Menon, Baiju Santhosh, Nandu, Remya Nambeesan, Shruthy Menon and Master Devaraman plays the nine characters who got trapped inside the lift. Meghana Raj, Vijayakumar, Jaikrishnan, Kochu Preman are the other important cast. Basil Joseph debuted as an actor through this film. The film is produced by V. Balachandran, R. Karunamurthi and Latha Kurien Rajeev under the banner of Blue Mermaid Picture Company. The script is penned by Sunny Joseph and Manuel George and camera is cranked by Jomon Thomas.

Almost the entire narrative takes place inside the limited space that is the lift and the entire storyline is set over a period of a few hours on a particular day.

T. K. Rajeev Kumar
Thazhathupurakkal Karunakara Panicker Rajeev Kumar (born 20 September 1961) is a National Award-winning Indian director of Malayalam films, from Trivandrum. He is the winner of five Kerala State Film Awards for Best Film, Director, Story Writer & Script Writer, a show director, theatre actor and percussionist (Mridangam). He is a founding member and leader of the musical band Blue Birds in 1978-79 and Super Mimics, a comedy show in 1979. He is also the Kerala University winner of Mono Act in the University Youth Festivals 1980–1982 and Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy winner for Mono Act 1979–1982.
Arbeca
Arbeca (Catalan pronunciation: [aɾˈβeka]) is a village in the comarca of Les Garrigues, in the province of Lleida, in Catalonia, Spain.

It is the third village of Les Garrigues in number of inhabitants, close to Les Borges Blanques and Juneda.
The population is 2,081 (register office, 2024)  and the village has given its name to arbequina olives, used to produce a highly valued olive oil for human consumption, grown  not only in Les Garrigues but also in many places in Spain, such as Andalusia.
The economy of the village is basically agrarian, with the cultivation on its irrigated and unirrigated land of almonds, cereals, pears, apples, olives, peaches, etc.

Arbeca is situated in the north-northeast of Les Garrigues, near the comarques of  Pla d'Urgell and Urgell, and about 30 kilometers from Lleida, the capital of the province of the same name.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
DeWitt Clinton Ramsey
Admiral DeWitt Clinton Ramsey (2 October 1888 – 7 September 1961) was a U.S. Navy officer and pioneer naval aviator who served as an aircraft carrier commander during World War II. His postwar assignments included command of the U.S. Pacific Fleet and service as Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) in the Navy Department and as Vice Chief of Naval Operations.

Vice Chief of Naval Operations
The vice chief of naval operations (VCNO) is the second highest-ranking commissioned United States Navy officer and functions as the principal deputy of the chief of naval operations. By statute, the vice chief is appointed as a four-star admiral.
Astrapotheriidae
Astrapotheriidae is an extinct family of herbivorous South American land mammals that lived from the Late Eocene (Mustersan SALMA) to the Middle Miocene (Laventan SALMA) 37.71 to 15.98 million years ago. The most derived of the astrapotherians, they were also the largest and most specialized mammals in the Tertiary of South America. There are two sister taxa: Eoastrapostylopidae and Trigonostylopidae.

Around 1900, Argentine paleontologist Florentino Ameghino described eight Colhuehuapian (Early Miocene) species from specimens he found south of Lake Colhué Huapi in Patagonia and grouped them into three genera: Parastrapotherium, Astrapotherium, and Astrapothericulus. It was obvious to Ameghino that these species represented a great diversity, ranging in size from a peccary to a rhinoceros, but his description was based entirely on fragmentary and not always comparable dental remains. Other expeditions to Patagonia have subsequently recovered considerably more complete materials.

Parastrapotherium
Parastrapotherium is an extinct genus of South American land mammal that existed from the Late Oligocene (Deseadan SALMA) to the Early Miocene (Colhuehuapian SALMA). The genus includes some of the largest and smallest known astrapotherians, but As of 2008 has no generally recognized description.
R. Hari Kumar
Admiral Radhakrishnan Hari Kumar PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC (born 12 April 1962) is retired flag officer in the Indian Navy. He served as 25th Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS). Previously, he served as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Naval Command. In his prior appointments, he served as the Chief of Integrated Defence Staff, Chief of Personnel, Controller Personnel Services, the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet, Flag Officer Sea Training and the Chief of the Staff of the Western Naval Command. He was the Commandant of the Naval War College, Goa and served as a naval advisor to the government of Seychelles. He is an alumnus of National Defence Academy, the Naval War College, the Army War College, Mhow and the Royal College of Defence Studies.

Western Naval Command
The Western Naval Command is one of the three command–level formations of the Indian Navy. It is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. As the senior–most of the three formations, the command is responsible for the all naval forces in the Arabian Sea and western parts of the Indian Ocean and the naval establishments on the west coast of India.

The Command was formed on 1 March 1968. The Command is commanded by a Three Star Flag Officer of the rank of Vice Admiral with the title Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command (FOC-in-C). Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan is the current FOC-in-C WNC, who took over on 1 August 2025.
Deirdre Madden
Deirdre Madden (born 20 August 1960) is a novelist and writer of children's books from Northern Ireland. She has won the Windham–Campbell Literature Prize, the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature, and the Hennessy Literary Award and has twice been shortlisted for the Women's Prize for Fiction.

Women's Prize for Fiction
The Women's Prize for Fiction (previously with sponsor names Orange Prize for Fiction (1996–2006 and 2009–2012), Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction (2007–08) and Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction (2014–2017) is one of the United Kingdom's most prestigious literary prizes. It is awarded annually to a female author of any nationality for the best original full-length novel written in English and published in the United Kingdom in the preceding year. A sister prize, the Women's Prize for Non-Fiction, was launched in 2023.
The Boat Race 1996
The 142nd Boat Race took place on 6 April 1996. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames.  Umpired by a former Blue, Mike Sweeney, Cambridge won by 2+3⁄4 lengths in the second-fastest time in the history of the race.

In the reserve race, Cambridge's Goldie defeated Oxford's Isis in a record time, while Cambridge won the Women's Boat Race.

Cambridge University Boat Club
The Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC) is the rowing club of the University of Cambridge, England. The club was founded in 1828 and has been located at the Goldie Boathouse on the River Cam, Cambridge since 1882. Nowadays, training primarily takes place on the River Great Ouse at Ely.

The prime constitutional aim of CUBC is to beat Oxford University Boat Club in the annual Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race and Lightweight Boat Races. CUBC's Openweight Men's squad currently lead Oxford in the series by 87 races to 81, with 1 dead heat in The Boat Race 1877, while the Openweight Women's squad lead Oxford by 48 races to 30.  The Lightweight Men's squad lead Oxford by 31 races to 19, and the Lightweight Women's squad lead Oxford by 24 races to 17.
Northamptonshire Police
Northamptonshire Police (colloquially known as Northants Police) is the territorial police force responsible for policing the county of Northamptonshire in the East Midlands of England, in the United Kingdom.

The Northamptonshire police area includes Brackley, Burton Latimer, Corby, Daventry, Desborough, Higham Ferrers, Irthlingborough, Kettering, Northampton, Oundle, Raunds, Rothwell, Rushden, Towcester, Thrapston and Wellingborough across 914 square miles (2,370 km2) with a resident population of 710,000.  It responds to more than one million phone calls a year, with more than 120,000 of these being emergency 999.

Wellingborough
Wellingborough (/ˈwɛlɪŋbrə/ WEL-ing-brə) is a market town in the North Northamptonshire, Unitary Authority area, England, 65 miles (105 km) from London and 11 miles (18 km) from Northampton, north of the River Nene.

Originally named "Wendelingburgh" (the stronghold of Wændel's people), the Anglo-Saxon settlement is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Wendelburie". The town's market was granted a royal charter in 1201 by King John. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 56,564. The built-up area also includes suburbs Wilby, Great Doddington, Little Irchester, Redhill Grange, Stanton Cross, Waendel View and Glenvale Park.
Region Kalmar County
Region Kalmar County (Swedish: Region Kalmar län) formerly Kalmar County Council (Swedish: Kalmar läns landsting), is the regional council for Kalmar County, Sweden. Region Kalmar County is responsible, primarily for healthcare and dental care. In addition to this, the region also has responsibility for regional development within the county. The region is also responsible for public transport between the county's municipalities and is involved in cultural activities. Region Kalmar County was formed on 1 January 2019 through the reorganisation of the County Council of Kalmar County and a merger with the Kalmar County Regional Federation.

Kalmar County
Kalmar County (Swedish: Kalmar län) is a county or län in southern Sweden. It borders the counties of Kronoberg, Jönköping, Blekinge and Östergötland. To the east in the Baltic Sea is the island Gotland.

The counties are mainly administrative units. Geographically Kalmar County covers the eastern part in the Småland province, and the entire island of Öland.
2026 South Sudanese general election
General elections are due to be held in South Sudan on 22 December 2026, the first since independence.

Following the independence of South Sudan, the country's initial constitution scheduled national elections to be held by 9 July 2015. Elections have been postponed five times to 2018, 2021, 2023, 2024 and finally the currently scheduled date in 2026. These delays were caused by a myriad of factors including the outbreak of the South Sudanese Civil War and ensuing peace agreement, inadequate government institutions, and the consolidation of power by longtime president Salva Kiir Mayardit.

2011 South Sudanese independence referendum
A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent. The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M).

A simultaneous referendum was supposed to be held in Abyei on whether to become part of South Sudan but it was postponed due to conflict over demarcation and residency rights.

On 7 February 2011, the referendum commission published the final results, with a landslide majority of 98.83% voting in favour of independence. While the ballots were suspended in 10 of the 79 counties for exceeding 100% of the voter turnout, the number of votes was still well over the requirement of 60% turnout, and the majority vote for secession is not in question.

The predetermined date for the creation of an independent state was 9 July 2011.