hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dame's Delight
Dame's Delight was a place for women to bathe on the bank of the River Cherwell in the meadows near the Oxford University Parks opposite Mesopotamia Walk in Oxford, England.

The site existed from 1934 to 1970, when it closed because of maintenance difficulties caused by flooding.

A similar bathing area Parson's Pleasure for nude male bathing, also existed nearby until 1991. It had been established at a much earlier date; both sites are now part of the folklore of Oxford University.

Dame's Delight inspired the title of a 1964 novel by Margaret Forster.

River Cherwell
The River Cherwell (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ ⓘ CHAR-wel or /ˈtʃɜːrwɛl/ CHUR-wel) is a tributary of the River Thames in central England. It rises near Hellidon, Northamptonshire and flows southwards for 40 miles (64 km) to meet the Thames at Oxford in Oxfordshire.

The river gives its name to the Cherwell local government district and Cherwell, an Oxford student newspaper.
Zila Ghaziabad
Zila Ghaziabad (transl. Ghaziabad district) is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language political action thriller film directed by Anand Kumar. It was produced by Vinod Bachan, and presented by Mohammed Fasih and Bharat Shah. The film features Sanjay Dutt, Vivek Oberoi, Arshad Warsi, Charmy Kaur, Minissha Lamba, Ravi Kishan, Paresh Rawal and Sunil Grover in lead roles amongst others. The film also featured Shriya Saran and Geeta Basra for a special appearance. It was based on the true story of the gang wars of Ghaziabad. It was released on 22 February 2013. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews.

A full-blown gang war comes to life in the district of Ghaziabad with the rise of the rivalry between gangsters Fauji and Satbir. A corrupt policeman, Pritam Singh, is sent down to set things right.

The film is based on the true story of the gang war that lasted between two groups in the 80s and 90s in Ghaziabad, India.

Anand Kumar (director)
Anand Kumar (born 10 December 1970) is an Indian film director, writer and producer. He was born and brought up in Delhi. He started his career in film making by directing Delhii Heights in 2007. His other movies are Jugaad (2009) featuring Manoj Bajpai, and Zila Ghaziabad (2013) featuring Sanjay Dutt, Arshad Warsi, Vivek Oberoi and Minisha Lamba.
Snagglepuss
Snagglepuss is a fictional cartoon character who debuted in prototype form on The Quick Draw McGraw Show in 1959 and was established as a studio regular by 1961. A light pink anthropomorphic puma sporting an upturned collar, shirt cuffs, and bow tie, Snagglepuss enjoys the finer things in life and shows a particular affinity for the theatre. His stories routinely break the fourth wall as the character addresses the audience in self-narration, soliloquy, and asides. As originally voiced by Daws Butler, Snagglepuss seeks quasi-Shakespearean turns of phrase. Some of his campy verbal mannerisms became catchphrases: "Heavens to Murgatroyd!", "Exit, stage right!", and using emphatic "even" at the end of sentences.

Daws Butler
Charles Dawson Butler (November 16, 1916 – May 18, 1988) was an American voice actor. He worked mostly for the Hanna-Barbera cartoon production company and the Walter Lantz cartoon studio. He originated the voices of many familiar Hanna-Barbera characters, including: Yogi Bear, Huckleberry Hound, Snagglepuss, Quick Draw McGraw and Baba Looey, Augie Doggie, Loopy De Loop, Wally Gator, Snooper and Blabber, Dixie and Mr. Jinks, Hokey Wolf, Lippy the Lion, Elroy Jetson, Lambsy, Peter Potamus, The Funky Phantom  and Hair Bear. While at Walter Lantz, he did the voices of: Chilly Willy, Smedley, Maxie the Polar Bear, Gooney and Sam in the Maggie and Sam series.
Philippe François, 1st Duke of Arenberg
Philippe François de Ligne, (30 July 1625 - 17 December 1674), 7th Duke of Aarschot,  1st Duke of Arenberg, a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, was the first son of the second  marriage of Philippe Charles, Comte d'Arenberg and Isabelle Claire de Berlaymont.

On 14 July 1642 Philippe François married 15-year-old Magdalena de Borja y Doria, the elder sister of Ana Francisca de Borja y Doria. In 1646, aged 21, Philippe was made a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

Their children:

François of Arenberg (5 September 1643 - 10 September 1643).

Isabelle Claire Eugénie of Arenberg (12 July 1644 - 5 October 1655).

When he died in December 1674, the title passed to his half-brother, Charles Eugene, Duke of Arenberg,  (1633–1681), who was promoted to become a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1678.

Ana Francisca de Borja y Doria
Ana Francisca Hermenegilda de Borja y Doria, condesa de Lemos (1640–1706) was the wife of Peruvian Viceroy Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro, conde de Lemos. During his five-month absence from the capital, she was governor of the Viceroyalty. She thus became the first female governor of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
Reidar Finsrud
Reidar Finsrud (born 5 March 1946 in Drøbak) is a Norwegian artist. He was educated at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry majoring in graphical arts. His 1970 thesis project "Venezia" received the honor "commended to the King" (laudabilis cum litteris commendatitiis), this was only the third time in the history of the school a student received this highest honor.
In 1975 he opened "Gallery Finsrud", the largest privately owned art gallery in Eastern Norway. The same year he also opened "Finsrud's drawing and painting school".

Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry
The National College of Art and Design (Norwegian: Statens håndverks- og kunstindustriskole) is a tertiary institution in Norway established in 1818.

In 1996, the National College of Art and Design became part of Oslo National Academy of the Arts (Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo, KHiO), along with the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts, Norwegian National Academy of Opera, the Norwegian National Academy of Ballet, and the National Academy of Theatre (Statens teaterhøgskole).
The Frog Prince (1971 film)
The Frog Prince (released on home video as Tales from Muppetland: The Frog Prince) is a 1971 musical fantasy comedy television special directed by Jim Henson, and jointly produced by Robert Lawrence Productions in Canada and Muppets, Inc. in the United States. It is a retelling of the Brothers Grimm's classic fairy tale of "The Frog Prince" featuring Kermit the Frog as the narrator, Kermit's nephew Robin as Sir Robin the Frog Prince, and Sweetums. This special marked the debut of both Robin and Sweetums to the world of The Muppets.

The Frog Prince
"The Frog Prince; or, Iron Henry" (German: Der Froschkönig oder der eiserne Heinrich, literally "The Frog King or the Iron Henry") is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812 in Grimm's Fairy Tales (KHM 1). Traditionally, it is the first story in their folktale collection. The tale is classified as Aarne-Thompson type 440.

"The Frog Prince" can be compared to the similar eastern European fairy tale "The Frog Princess".
Hōjō Ujikuni
Hōjō Ujikuni (北条 氏邦; 1541 – September 19, 1597) was a samurai of the Sengoku period, and the third son of Hōjō Ujiyasu. Ujikuni was a high-ranking commander in the invasion of Kozuke Province, Kōzuke was contested between the later Hōjō clan, the Takeda and the Uesugi clans.

He was also the castellan (castle lord) in command of Hachigata Castle in Musashi province, which came under siege twice in 1568 by Takeda Shingen and 1590 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

In 1569, along with Hojo Ujiteru, failed to stop Takeda Shingen's retreat in the Battle of Mimasetoge.

Following the sudden death of Oda Nobunaga in 1582, He and Hojo Ujinao took the advantage of the situation to launch a certain attack at Kanagawa.

When Siege of Odawara began, he was defending Hachigata Castle but surrounded by Toyotomi's large army、then he decided to surrender. Later he became a vassal of Maeda Toshiie.

Siege of Hachigata (1590)
The 1590 siege of Hachigata was the penultimate battle of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's campaigns against the Hōjō clan, during Japan's Sengoku period. Hachigata was one of the last major fortresses of the Hōjō, whose opposition in the Kantō region Hideyoshi sought to eliminate, having already subjugated all of Western Japan.

The besieging force of 35,000 men was led by Maeda Toshiie and Uesugi Kagekatsu. The Hōjō garrison under the command of Hōjō Ujikuni held out for over a month before the castle fell.
Phum Duang River
The Phum Duang River (Thai: แม่น้ำพุมดวง, RTGS: Maenam Phum Duang, Thai pronunciation: [mɛ̂ːnáːm pʰum duəŋ]) (rarely also called the Khiri Rat River) is a river in Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand, the main tributary of the Tapi River.

The rivers drains an area of 6,125 square kilometres (2,365 sq mi) west of the Tapi watershed, mainly the eastern slopes of the Phuket mountain range. It joins the estuary of the Tapi 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Surat Thani in Phunphin District.

The river has a total length of 80 km.

Phunphin district
Phunphin (Thai: พุนพิน, pronounced [pʰūn.pʰīn]) is a district (amphoe) in Surat Thani province in the south of Thailand. Tha Kham is the principal town of the district. In 2014, the population was 73,067.
Brahman languages
The Brahman languages, Biyom and Tauya, form a subbranch of the Rai Coast branch of the Madang languages of Papua New Guinea. The family is named after the cattle station and town of Brahman, which lies between the territories of the two languages.

Brahman, Papua New Guinea
Brahman is a cattle station supplied with an airport near the eastern highlands of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. It is located 500 km north of Port Moresby and is 128 meters above sea level.

The land around Brahman is diverse. The highest local point is 1,644 meters, 9 km west of Brahman. There are 12 people per square kilometer around Brahman. The area is surrounded by forest.

The climate is tropical. The average temperature was 22 °C. The warmest month is August, at 24 °C, and the coolest is February, at 19 °C. Average rainfall is 346.7 cm per year. The rainiest month is March, at 43.1 cm, and the least is August, at 15.5 cm.
Flume
A flume is a human-made channel for water, in the form of an open declined gravity chute whose walls are raised above the surrounding terrain, in contrast to a trench or ditch. Flumes are not to be confused with aqueducts, which are built to transport water; flumes use flowing water to transport materials. Flumes route water from a diversion dam or weir to a desired materiel collection location. Flumes are usually made up of wood, metal or concrete.

Many flumes took the form of wooden troughs elevated on trestles, often following the natural contours of the land. Originating as a part of a mill race, they were later used in the transportation of logs in the logging industry, known as a log flume. They were also extensively used in hydraulic mining and working placer deposits for gold, tin and other heavy minerals.

Weir
A weir /wɪər/ or low-head dam is a barrier across the width of a body of water that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the water level. Weirs are used to control the flow of water for rivers, outlets of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, industrial discharge, and drainage control structures. There are many weir designs, but commonly water flows freely over the top of the weir crest before cascading down to a lower level. There is no single definition as to what constitutes a weir. Weirs pose a serious danger to boaters and have been involved in several fatal drownings. They are sometimes colloquially referred to as drowning machines.

Weir can also refer to the skimmer found in most in-ground swimming pools, which controls the flow of water pulled into the filtering system.
Banegi Apni Baat
Banegi Apni Baat is an Indian television drama series that aired on Zee TV from 1993 to 1997. The series was produced by Tony Singh and Deeya Singh. It starred many Indian television actors, such as Irrfan Khan, Roshini Achreja, Shefali Shah, Firdaus Dadi, Sadiya Siddiqui, Anita Kanwal, Divya Seth, Achint Kaur, Rishabh, Varun Badola, Rakhee Tandon, Rituraj Singh and R. Madhavan.

The focus of the series was college life, flirtation, romance, and the campus. The transition from college to professional life was shown for most of the characters. Simultaneously, contemporary business life was also showcased. The series was initially going to run for 52 episodes, starting late July 1993. India Today compared the series to Beverly Hills 90210.

Achint Kaur
Achint Kaur is an Indian actress who works in Hindi films and television, particularly known for her roles as Mandira and Pallavi in Ekta Kapoor's soap operas, Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi and Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii, respectively. She also voiced the character Shenzi in the Hindi version of The Lion King. She portrayed the roles of a mother and a mother-in-law in the TV series Jamai Raja.
Livermore, Maine
Livermore is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States, formerly in Oxford County, Maine. The population was 2,127 at the 2020 United States census. It is included in both the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine, Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine, Metropolitan New England City and Town Area. High schools students from Livermore attend Spruce Mountain High School in neighboring Livermore Falls. Livermore is known for The Norlands, the Washburn family home.

Androscoggin County, Maine
Androscoggin County is a county in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 111,139. Its county seat is Auburn and its most populous city is Lewiston.

Androscoggin County comprises the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan statistical area and is partially included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine, Metropolitan New England City and Town Area. It is also a part of the Portland-Lewiston-South Portland, Maine combined statistical area.

Bates College is in the Androscoggin County city of Lewiston.
Road signs in Serbia
Road signs in Serbia are regulated by the Regulation of Traffic Signs (Serbian Cyrillic: Правилник о саобраћајној сигнализацији, Serbian: Pravilnik o saobraćajnoj signalizaciji), which was most recently modified in 2024.

The road signs follow the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968, and the former Yugoslav standard road signs, used by the successor states of SFR Yugoslavia. Inscriptions are in both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The SNV typeface is used on Serbian road signs. They are also used in Kosovo, although some of these signs were superseded by the Albanian road sign system, itself a copy of the Italian road sign system.

SNV (typeface)
SNV, also known as VSS, is a sans-serif typeface used on road signs in several European countries. It was originally designed in Switzerland as a font for its road signs. It was originally defined by the Association of Swiss Road Traffic Experts (German: Vereinigung Schweizerischer Strassenfachleute, VSS) and the Swiss Association for Standardization (German: Schweizerische Normen-Vereinigung, SNV).
Eighth Doctor Adventures
The Eighth Doctor Adventures (sometimes abbreviated as EDA or referred to as the EDAs) are a series of spin off novels based on the long running BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who and published under the BBC Books imprint. 73 books were published overall.

Iris Wildthyme
Iris Wildthyme is a fictional character created by writer Paul Magrs, who has appeared in short stories, novels and audio dramas from numerous publishers.  She is best known from spin-off media based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who, where she is sometimes depicted as a renegade Time Lord.

Her stories are in the New Wave mold, characterised by nonlinear, sometimes stream of consciousness narrative, intertextual references to the rest of Doctor Who and popular culture, and themes of unreliable narration. She has a playful, mischievous personality, delighting in baiting the Doctor and getting into trouble.
Making the Grade (1984 film)
Making the Grade is a 1984 American teen comedy film. It was directed by Dorian Walker and written by Charles Gale and Gene Quintano. It was filmed at Rhodes College in Memphis, Tennessee. It marks the debut of actor turned television producer Dan Schneider.

Rhodes College
Rhodes College is a private liberal arts college in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Historically affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA), it is a member of the Associated Colleges of the South and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Rhodes enrolls about 2,000 students, and its Collegiate Gothic campus sits on a 123-acre wooded site in Memphis' historic Midtown neighborhood.
Muyu Gen
Muyu Gen (died 360) was a military general and regent of Former Yan during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was a main contributor to Murong Huang's victory in the defence of Jicheng  (棘城, in modern Jinzhou, Liaoning)  in 338 and convinced Murong Jun to carry out his conquest of Later Zhao in 349, which led to Yan's control over the Central Plains. A distinguished veteran, he was chosen by Murong Jun to serve as one of Murong Wei's regents in 360. Although Muyu Gen was brave, he was also jealous and stubborn in nature. He attempted to kill his co-regent Murong Ke by sowing discord between Ke and the emperor, but his schemes were uncovered, and he was executed less than a year into his regency.

Murong Huang
Murong Huang (Chinese: 慕容皝; 297 – 25 October 348), courtesy name Yuanzhen (元真), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Wenming of Former Yan (前燕文明帝), was the founding monarch of the Xianbei-led Former Yan dynasty of China. When he first succeeded his father Murong Hui in 333, he carried the Eastern Jin-bestowed title Duke of Liaodong, but in 337 claimed the title of Prince of Yan, which is traditionally viewed as the founding date of Former Yan. (Emperor Cheng of Jin retroactively recognized Murong Huang's princely title in 341 after much debate among Eastern Jin officials.) After his son Murong Jun completely broke away from the Eastern Jin and claimed the title of emperor in January 353, he was posthumously elevated to imperial status. In the Book of Jin, Murong Huang was described as a strong looking tall man (approximately 1.91 metres (6.3 ft)).
Open access in Sweden
Open access to scholarly communication in Sweden is relatively widespread. In 2010 the Swedish Research Council began requiring its grantees to make research results available in open access form. Lund University Libraries and Stockholm University Press belong to the international Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.

Content in academic repositories can be found by searching SwePub.

Swedish Research Council
The Swedish Research Council (Swedish: Vetenskapsrådet)  is a  Government agency in Sweden established in 2001, with the responsibility to support and develop basic scientific research. Its objective is for Sweden to be a leading nation in scientific research. The agency has three main functions:

To distribute government funding for basic research

To advise the government on issues related to scientific research

To communicate science and scientific research to the general public
Semi-infinite programming
In optimization theory, semi-infinite programming (SIP) is an optimization problem with a finite number of variables and an infinite number of constraints, or an infinite number of variables and a finite number of constraints. In the former case the constraints are typically parameterized.

Optimization problem
In mathematics, engineering, computer science and economics, an optimization problem is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions.

Optimization problems can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete:

An optimization problem with discrete variables is known as a discrete optimization, in which an object such as an integer, permutation or graph must be found from a countable set.

A problem with continuous variables is known as a continuous optimization, in which an optimal value from a continuous function must be found. They can include constrained problems and multimodal problems.
The Sin and the Sentence
The Sin and the Sentence is the eighth studio album by American heavy metal band Trivium. It was released on October 20, 2017, through Roadrunner Records and was produced by Josh Wilbur. The album is the first to feature drummer Alex Bent who replaced Paul Wandtke. This album marks the return of frontman Matt Heafy's screaming vocals which had been absent for a period due to Heafy suffering a variety chord injury.

The album received critical acclaim, with the song "Betrayer" being nominated at 61st Annual Grammy Awards in 2019 for Best Metal Performance.

Trivium (band)
Trivium is an American heavy metal band from Orlando, Florida, formed in 1999. The band's creative core comprises three long-time members; vocalist and guitarist Matt Heafy (joined in 1999), guitarist Corey Beaulieu (joined in 2003), and bassist Paolo Gregoletto (joined in 2004). The band has changed drummers numerous times, with Alex Rüdinger becoming the most recent addition in October 2025.

The band's debut album Ember to Inferno was their only album released through Lifeforce Records in 2003. In 2004, they were signed to Roadrunner Records where they have stayed ever since. The band has released ten studio albums and over twenty singles to date. Their tenth studio album, In the Court of the Dragon, was released in 2021. The band has sold over one million albums worldwide and was nominated for a Grammy for the song "Betrayer" at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards in 2019 for Best Metal Performance.
Kentucky Route 1508
Kentucky Route 1508 (KY 1508) is a state highway located in northwestern Kentucky. The route starts at KY 109, west of Sturgis. It travels westward to unincorporated area of Caseyville, and turns north near the Ohio River. KY 1508 then travels through the community of Dekoven, before ending at KY 109, northwest of its southern terminus. The route was designated around 1967, after the KY 130 designation was removed from the section in Caseyville, which was connected to the community since 1939.

Caseyville, Kentucky
Caseyville is an unincorporated community in Union County, Kentucky, United States. Caseyville is located on the Ohio River and Kentucky Route 1508, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west of Sturgis.

During the Civil War, many of Caseyville's residents were Confederate sympathizers, and Confederate troops used the community as a base during skirmishes in October 1862. After the Confederates seized a Union steamboat, Union troops at Battery Rock entered into a standoff with the troops at Caseyville. The Confederates eventually left the town, and the Union Army entered the city; after temporarily arresting every male resident of the town and charging a fee for damages to the steamer, the army mandated that the town bar Confederate troops from entering.
Chefoo Convention
The Chefoo Convention, known in Chinese as the Yantai Treaty, was an unequal treaty between Britiain and Qing China, signed by Sir Thomas Wade and Li Hongzhang in Chefoo (now a district of Yantai) on 21 August 1876. The convention settled the Margary Affair in exchange for expanded commercial concessions to Britain.

The Chinese government has described the Chefoo Convention as an "unequal treaty".

Yantai
37°27′53″N 121°26′52″E﻿ / ﻿37.4646°N 121.4478°E﻿ / 37.4646; 121.4478

Yantai, formerly known by the Europeans as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula).  It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong.  Its population was 7,102,116 during the 2020 census, of whom 3,184,299 lived in the built-up area made up of the 5 urban districts of Zhifu, Laishan, Fushan, Muping, and Penglai.