hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Kumegawa
The Battle of Kumegawa (久米川の戦い, Kumegawa no tatakai) was part of the decisive Kōzuke-Musashi Campaign during the Genkō War in Japan that ultimately ended the Kamakura Shogunate.  Fought in present-day Higashimurayama, Tokyo at the foot of the Hachikokuyama ridge on May 12, 1333, it pitted the anti-shogunate imperial forces led by Nitta Yoshisada against the forces of the pro-Shogunate  Hōjō Regency led by Sakurada Sadakuni.  The battle was an immediate follow on from the previous day's nearby Battle of Kotesashi.

Hachikokuyama
Hachikokuyama (八国山緑地, Hachikokuyama Ryōkuchi) is a ridge and park in Higashimurayama, Tokyo along its border with Tokorozawa, Saitama. Its name translates literally into English as "Eight Country Mountain" since, in the past, one could view the eight surrounding provinces surrounding Musashi Province from its top including Suruga, Kai, Izu, Sagami, Hitachi, Kozuke, Shimotsuke, and Shinano. The park was opened in 1990. In Japanese it is designated as a ryokuchi (緑地, green zone) instead of a park.

The park lies upon a low rising ridge rising about 15 to 20 meters above the surrounding plain. The highest elevation is about 100 meters above sea level. Measured from north to south, the park is from 100 to 300 meters, the park having an uneven size. From east to west the park is about 1.5 kilometers.  The trail that runs the length of the ridge top is about 2.0 kilometers and branches into many secondary trails. The total size of the park of is about 39 hectares or about 96 acres.
R. Crumb and his Cheap Suit Serenaders No. 2
R. Crumb and his Cheap Suit Serenaders Number 2  is the second 33⅓ rpm album by the retro string band R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders and its subtitle was "Persian Rug, Crying My Blues Away, Moana March and Other Favorites". The album was later retitled Chasin' Rainbows in re-release on CD (Shanachie 6002, 1993 - ASIN: B000000DSO) from Shanachie Records.  The band's personnel includes Robert Crumb on lead vocal and banjo, Allan Dodge on mandolin, violin, ukulele and vocals, Robert Armstrong on guitars, accordion, banjo, musical saw and vocals, Terry Zwigoff, who later produced the documentary Crumb, on cello. Originally released on Blue Goose Records in 1976, this record became a collectible not only for the whimsical string band renditions of and reminiscent of the early 20th century music, but for the cover art drawn by the band's frontman and well-known comics artist Robert Crumb.

Musical saw
A musical saw, also called a singing saw, is a hand saw used as a musical instrument. Capable of continuous glissando (portamento), the sound creates an ethereal tone, very similar to the theremin. The musical saw is classified as a plaque friction idiophone with direct friction (132.1) under the Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification and as a metal sheet played by friction (151) under the revision of the Hornbostel-Sachs classification by the MIMO Consortium.
Tree decomposition
In graph theory, a tree decomposition is a mapping of a graph into a tree that can be used to define the treewidth of the graph and speed up solving certain computational problems on the graph.

Tree decompositions are also called junction trees, clique trees, or join trees.  They play an important role in problems like probabilistic inference, constraint satisfaction, query optimization, and matrix decomposition.

The concept of tree decomposition was originally introduced by Rudolf Halin (1976). Later it was rediscovered by Neil Robertson and Paul Seymour (1984) and has since been studied by many other authors.

Belief propagation
Belief propagation, also known as sum–product message passing, is a message-passing algorithm for performing inference on graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. It calculates the marginal distribution for each unobserved node (or variable), conditional on any observed nodes (or variables). Belief propagation is commonly used in artificial intelligence and information theory, and has demonstrated empirical success in numerous applications, including low-density parity-check codes, turbo codes, free energy approximation, and satisfiability.

The algorithm was first proposed by Judea Pearl in 1982, who formulated it as an exact inference algorithm on trees, later extended to polytrees. While the algorithm is not exact on general graphs, it has been shown to be a useful approximate algorithm.
Ali Samereh
Ali Samereh (Persian: علی سامره; born November 23, 1977) is an Iranian football coach and former player. He played for Iranian clubs Fajr Sepasi, Esteghlal and Mes Kerman, for Italian side Perugia, and for UAE clubs Al-Shaab and Ajman. He usually played as a striker.

Fajr Sepasi Shiraz F.C.
Fajr Shahid Sepasi Shiraz Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فرهنگى ورزشى فجر شهید سپاسی شیراز, Bashgah-e Farhangi-e Varzeshi-e Futbal-e Fajr-e Sepasi-ye Shiraz), commonly known as Fajr Sepasi Shiraz, or Fajr Sepasi, is an Iranian football club based in Shiraz, Fars, that competes in the Azadegan League. The club was founded in 1988.

The football team plays their home games at the Pars Shiraz Stadium which has a seating capacity of 50,000. The club is owned and supported by the Basij.
Ajay Kothiyal
Colonel Ajay Kothiyal, KC, SC, VSM (Retd) is an Indian politician and a former officer of the Indian Army. He is a BJP leader, earlier he was leader of Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and was the CM Candidate for 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly elections. Kothiyal lost the election to BJP candidate in Gangotri Assembly constituency. In May 2022, he resigned from AAP and joined BJP.

He is also a mountaineer and philanthropist, and was the principal of Nehru Institute of Mountaineering (NIM), Uttarakhand.

He was the head of Nehru Institute of Mountaineering, Uttarkashi when the institute was given the task of rescue and rehabilitation around the Kedarnath Temple, after its destruction by a flash flood in 2013. Kothiyal is unmarried. His non-profit trust, "Youth Foundation" trains young boys and girls from Uttarakhand to join the Indian Army. He was given the Uttarakhand Ratna award in 2016 for his contribution to uplift and provide employment to youth of Uttarakhand.

Kirti Chakra
The Kirti Chakra (lit. 'Wheel of Glory') is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the field of battle. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, including posthumous awards. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Maha Vir Chakra. It is second in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards, comes after Ashoka Chakra and before Shaurya Chakra. Before 1967, the award was known as the Ashoka Chakra, Class II.
2015–16 NOFV-Oberliga
The 2015–16 season of the NOFV-Oberliga was the eighth season of the league at tier five (V) of the German football league system and the 26th overall. The league is split in a northern and southern division.

The season began on 14 August 2015 and finished on 12 June 2016, interrupted by a winter break from 19 December to 21 February.

NOFV-Oberliga Süd
The NOFV-Oberliga Süd is the fifth tier of the German football league system in the southern states of the former East Germany. It covers the German states of Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Saxony and southern Brandenburg. It is one of fourteen Oberligas in German football. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fourth tier of the league system, and until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the third tier.
Charlotte Hill
Charlotte Hill (1849–1930) was a homesteader born in Indiana who contributed to paleontology through finding several significant fossil within the Florissant Fossil Beds. She sold many fossils to other collectors and investigators to earn money on the side. Her most significant discovery was the Persephone butterfly near Florissant, Colorado. Charlotte's discoveries brought attention to Florissant as an important location for fossils, and her findings created an impetus for recognition of the fossil beds as a national monument within the United States of America. Many of her collected fossils now reside in the Harvard University museum and the Smithsonian's Museum of Natural History.

The fossil rose Rosa hilliae was named after Charlotte Hill in 1883.

Florissant Formation
The Florissant Formation is a sedimentary geologic formation outcropping around Florissant, Teller County, Colorado. The formation is noted for the abundant and exceptionally preserved insect and plant fossils that are found in the mudstones and shales. Based on argon radiometric dating, the formation is Eocene (approximately 34 million years old ) in age and has been interpreted as a lake environment. The fossils have been preserved because of the interaction of the volcanic ash from the nearby Thirtynine Mile volcanic field with diatoms in the lake, causing a diatom bloom. As the diatoms fell to the bottom of the lake, any plants or animals that had recently died were preserved by the diatom falls. Fine layers of clays and muds interspersed with layers of ash form "paper shales" holding beautifully-preserved fossils. The Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument is a national monument established to preserve and study the geology and history of the area.
Secundino Borabota
Secundino Borabota Epacua (born 21 February 1961) is an Equatoguinean sprinter. He would be part of the first delegation of Equatorial Guinea at the Olympics, after the nation had made its debut at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There, he was designated as the flagbearer for the nation at the Parade of Nations. He would compete in the men's 400 metres though would be disqualified in his round.

After the 1984 Summer Games, he would compete in the men's 200 metres at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics; he would not advance further. He made his second Olympic appearance at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Borabota competed in the men's 100 metres and placed last in his round; he did not advance further.

Equatorial Guinea at the Olympics
Equatorial Guinea first participated at the Olympic Games in 1984, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then.  The nation has never participated in the Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2024, no athlete from Equatorial Guinea has ever won an Olympic medal.  The nation's most famous Olympic athlete is Eric Moussambani, who achieved some international notoriety for his exceptionally slow performance in swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Equatorial Guinea was created in 1980 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1984.
Parmelia discordans
Parmelia discordans is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Europe, it is closely related and similar in appearance to the more widespread Parmelia omphalodes. It was formally described in 1886 by William Nylander from specimens collected on porphyry rock outcrops in southern Finland. The lichen is characterised by its dark blackish-brown thallus with short, overlapping lobes, a shiny upper surface with marginal pale pores, and a black lower surface. It grows on siliceous rocks in lowland areas and is most frequently recorded in northern Europe.

Siliceous rock
Siliceous rocks are sedimentary rocks that have silica (SiO2) as the principal constituent. The most common siliceous rock is chert; other types include diatomite. They commonly form from silica-secreting organisms such as radiolarians, diatoms, or some types of sponges.
Kirsty Muir
Kirsty Muir (born 5 May 2004) is a Scottish freestyle skier representing Great Britain who competes in big air and slopestyle. She came second in the big air event at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, and won the slopestyle competition at the 2026 Winter X Games.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
Cladomelea debeeri
Cladomelea debeeri is a species of spider in the orb-weaver spider family Araneidae, found in South Africa. It was first described in 2004. Cladomelea species, including C. debeeri, are "bolas spiders" – adult females capture their prey by using one or more sticky drops on the end of a line which they swing, usually catching male moths attracted by the release of an analogue of the attractant sex pheromone produced by the female moth. Juvenile and adult male bolas spiders do not use a bolas, catching prey with their legs alone.

Bolas spider
A bolas spider is a member of the orb-weaver spider (family Araneidae) that, instead of spinning a typical orb web, hunts by using one or more sticky "capture blobs" on the end of a silk line, known as a "bolas". By swinging the bolas at flying male moths or moth flies nearby, the spider may snag its prey rather like a fisherman snagging a fish on a hook. Because of this, they are also called angling or fishing spiders (although the remotely related genus Dolomedes is also called a fishing spider). The prey is lured to the spider by the production of up to three sex pheromone-analogues.

Bolas spiders have been treated as either the whole or part of either the tribe "Mastophoreae" or Mastophorini, the subfamily Mastophorinae, or the informal group mastophorines. Recent studies show that the genus Celaenia, which does not use a bolas, belongs in the same taxonomic group.
Ministry of Home Department (Chhattisgarh)
The Home Department (Hindi: Gṛha Vibhāg), also known as the Home Ministry, is a ministry of the Government of Chhattisgarh. It is responsible for the internal security and maintenance of law and order within the state of Chhattisgarh. It is headed by the Minister of Home Affairs, currently Vijay Sharma since 22 December 2023.

The department exercises administrative control over several key agencies, including the Chhattisgarh Police, the Home Guard, and the state's correctional services (Jails). It plays a vital role in formulating policies related to state security, counter-insurgency operations, and fire services.

Chhattisgarh Police
The Chhattisgarh Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Chhattisgarh in India. The agency is administered by the Department of Home Affairs of the Government of Chhattisgarh. The force has specialized units to fight the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency in some districts of the state.
Valentin Popârlan
Valentin Popârlan (born 12 June 1987) is a Romanian rugby union player. He plays in the lock and occasionally flanker position for professional SuperLiga club Timișoara and București based European Challenge Cup side the Wolves. Popârlan also plays for Romania's national team the Oaks.

Popârlan made his international debut in 2007 as a substitute against Namibia. He played for Romania in the IRB Nations Cup and in their 2011 Rugby World Cup qualifying before appearing for them in the 2011 Rugby World Cup. He played four Tests at the World Cup, three as a substitute against Scotland, Argentina and Georgia and one in number four lock position against England.

SCM USV Timișoara
SCM Rugby Timișoara is a professional Romanian rugby union club from Timișoara, which plays in the Liga Națională de Rugby, the first division of Romanian rugby. The team first won the championship in 1972, becoming the first club outside Bucharest to achieve this performance. In the modern format of the SuperLiga, SCM Rugby Timișoara won 4 titles in 6 seasons.
The team is colloquially known as "Universitatea" Timișoara as it has historical ties with the University of Timișoara. In 2014 the club became a partner of London-based Saracens rugby club. In 2020, the club's partnership with London-based Saracens rugby club ended making them change their identity to SCM Rugby Timișoara. SCM Rugby Timisoara`s annual operating budget for the 2023-24 season is approximately 1,910,000 Euros.
The Puddle
The Puddle are a New Zealand rock band originally formed in Dunedin in 1983 by George D. Henderson. They had a mini-album, a live album, a studio album and a single released on New Zealand independent record label Flying Nun Records between 1986 and 1993. The group has continued to exist since then, with several line-up changes and periods of inactivity. Since 2006 the group has released four albums on Dunedin independent record label Fishrider Records.

Flying Nun Records
Flying Nun Records is a New Zealand independent record label formed in Christchurch in 1981 by music store manager Roger Shepherd. Described by The Guardian as "one of the world's great independent labels", Flying Nun is notable for bringing global attention to the Dunedin sound, a cultural and musical movement in early 1980s Dunedin.
The Waterside Inn
The Waterside Inn, in Bray, Berkshire, England, is a restaurant founded by the brothers Michel and Albert Roux after the success of their London restaurant Le Gavroche. It is currently run by Michel's son, Alain. The restaurant has three Michelin stars, and in 2010 it became the first restaurant outside France to retain three stars for twenty-five years.

Le Gavroche
Le Gavroche (The Urchin) was a restaurant at 43 Upper Brook Street in Mayfair, London. It was opened in April 1967 by Michel and Albert Roux at 61 Lower Sloane Street, its premises until 1981. Albert's son Michel Roux Jr was the chef patron from 1991 until its closure in 2024. It was the first restaurant in the UK to be awarded three Michelin stars, which it held from 1982 to 1993.

The restaurant offered classical French food, although some dishes were more modern. Notable dishes included the Soufflé Suissesse (cheese soufflé baked on double cream); Le Caneton Gavroche (whole poached duck in a light consommé served with three sauces for two); and Omelette Rothschild. Its name came from the character Gavroche in Victor Hugo's Les Misérables.

In August 2023, Michel Roux Jr. announced that the restaurant would close at the end of its lease in January 2024, after over 56 years of business. The restaurant's final day of trading was on 13 January 2024.
John Woodson Jr.
John Woodson (circa 1744 – September 24, 1821), was a Virginia planter and politician who served four terms in the Virginia General Assembly representing Cumberland County, Virginia, from 1788 to 1792.

Cumberland County, Virginia
Cumberland County is a quiet, rural United States county located near the geographic center of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The county's population is 9,675, as of the 2020 census, and the county seat is the small town of Cumberland.

The county was created in 1749 from part of Goochland County, and was named in honor of  Prince William Augustus, the Duke of Cumberland at the time.  In April 1776, it became the first Virginia county to call for independence from Great Britain.
Darren Watts
Darren Watts (February 17, 1969 – December 31, 2022) was an American game designer who was one of the founders (along with Steve Long) of DOJ Inc. and the president of Hero Games, publishers of roleplaying games using the Hero System such as Champions, Fantasy Hero and Star Hero. He contributed to multiple conventions for Double Exposure, podcasts such as Explain This, Comics Guys!, and wrote, contributed, and edited many other RPGs.

Champions (role-playing game)
Champions is a role-playing game published by Hero Games designed to simulate a superhero comic book world. It was originally created in 1981 by George MacDonald and Steve Peterson in collaboration with Rob Bell, Bruce Harlick and Ray Greer.

The latest 2010 edition uses the sixth edition of the Hero System, as revised by Steve Long, and was written by Aaron Allston.
Thiratoscirtus alveolus
Thiratoscirtus alveolus is a species of jumping spider in the genus Thiratoscirtus that lives in Nigeria. The species was first described in 2011 by Wanda Wesołowska and Russell-Smith. The holotype was found on Obudu Plateau, Cross River State at an altitude of 1,900 m (6,200 ft) above sea level. The spider is medium-sized, with a cephalothorax that is typically  2.8 mm long and an abdomen that is 2.8 mm in length. The body of the female is generally brown with a covering of delicate hairs. The mouthparts include powerful chelicerae with teeth that have multiple points and a short fang. It can be distinguished from other spiders in the genus by its copulatory organs, particularly the presence of two long and deep parallel troughs in the epigyne that lead to the gonopores. These are recalled in the name for the species, which can be translated "trough".

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Jinho
Jo Jin-ho (Korean: 조진호; born April 17, 1992), commonly known by the mononym Jinho, is a South Korean singer, songwriter, composer, vocal coach and member of South Korean boy group Pentagon under Cube Entertainment. In 2023, he participated in the JTBC singing competition program Phantom Singer 4, where his quartet Crezl ultimately placed third and officially debuted.

He is a former SM Entertainment trainee and member of the project group SM the Ballad. After leaving SM Entertainment in 2015, Jinho became a vocal coach. Since then, he has trained Cube labelmates (G)I-dle and Yoo Seon-ho, among others.

Phantom Singer
Phantom Singer (Korean: 팬텀싱어) is JTBC's music television program which is an audition program aiming to pick a male crossover vocal quartet. The show's season 1 was aired from November 11, 2016, to January 27, 2017, every Friday at 21:00. Season 2 was aired from August 11, 2017, to November 11, 2017, every Friday at 21:00. Season 3 was aired from April 10, 2020, to July 3, 2020, every Friday at 21:00. A special season Phantom Singer All Stars was aired from January 26, 2021, to April 20, 2021. Season 4 was airing from March 10, 2023 to  June 2, 2023.
Nuatali Nelmes
Nuatali Josephine Nelmes is an Australian politician who served as Lord Mayor of Newcastle from a by-election in 2014 until her defeat at the 2024 local elections. She is the youngest person to ever serve as Newcastle lord mayor. Prior to this, she served as a councillor on the Newcastle City Council since 2008. Nuatali is credited with the transformation of the city over the last decade. In 2025, Nelmes resigned as a councillor, concluding more than 16 years in office.

2014 Newcastle lord mayoral by-election
The 2014 Newcastle lord mayoral by-election was held on 15 November 2014 to elect the lord mayor of Newcastle, a local government area in New South Wales, Australia. It was held on the same day as two by-elections on Blue Mountains City Council.

The by-election occurred due to the resignation of incumbent Jeff McCloy, who stepped down from office on 17 August 2014 following an Independent Commission Against Corruption inquiry into donations he made to Liberal Party candidates during his tenure as a property developer.