hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saudi Arabia national under-17 football team
Saudi Arabia national under-17 football team (Arabic: المنتخب السعودي لكرة القدم تحت 17 سنة) also known as Saudi Arabia Under-17 or Saudi Arabia junior team, represents Saudi Arabia in international association football competitions in AFC U-17 Championship and FIFA U-17 World Cup, as well as any other under-17 international football tournaments.

AFC U-17 Asian Cup
The AFC U-17 Asian Cup, formerly known as the AFC U-16 Championship and AFC U-17 Championship, is a football competition, organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) held once every two years for Asian under-17 teams that also serves as a qualification tournament for the FIFA U-17 World Cup. The top 8 countries qualify to participate in the FIFA U-17 World Cup. Up to 2000, the tournament was for U-16 teams. Between 2002 and 2006 it was held as an under-17 tournament. Between 2008 and 2020, it was switched back to a U-16 Championship. The AFC then returned it to an under-17 tournament starting from 2023. Moreover, the tournament would also be rebranded from the "AFC U-16 Championship" to the "AFC U-17 Asian Cup".

On 24 May 2024, AFC announced that the tournament will be held annually from 2026.
Dead Ringers (miniseries)
Dead Ringers is an American psychological thriller drama television miniseries developed by Alice Birch. It is based on the 1988 film of the same name by David Cronenberg, itself adapted from the 1977 novel Twins by Bari Wood and Jack Geasland. The series premiered on Amazon Prime Video on April 21, 2023. The series won a Peabody Award at the 84th ceremony in June 2024.

Dead Ringers (film)
Dead Ringers is a 1988 psychological thriller film starring Jeremy Irons in a dual role as identical twin gynecologists. David Cronenberg directed, and co-wrote the screenplay with Norman Snider. Their script was based on the lives of Stewart and Cyril Marcus and on the novel Twins by Bari Wood and Jack Geasland, a "highly fictionalized" version of the Marcuses' story.

The film won numerous honors, including for Irons' performance, and 10 Genie Awards, notably Best Motion Picture. Toronto International Film Festival critics have ranked it among the Top 10 Canadian Films of All Time.
Shemekia Copeland
Charon Shemekia Copeland (born April 10, 1979) is an American electric blues vocalist. She has released 12 albums, won nine Blues Music Awards, and won five Blues Blast Music Awards. In 2024, Copeland received nominations at the 67th Annual Grammy Awards for Best American Roots Performance, Best American Roots Song, and Best Contemporary Blues Album.

Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance
The Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance is an award category at the annual Grammy Awards. It was first presented in 2015.

The award was first approved by the board of trustees of the Grammy Awards in June 2014. According to NARAS, the award encompasses all of the subgenres of the American Roots category field, which include bluegrass, blues, folk and regional roots styles of music such as Cajun, Hawaiian, Indigenous, Polka, Zydeco, go-go, second line brass, swamp pop, and Conjunto music. The category is open for solo artists, duos, groups and other collaborations and is for singles or tracks only. It was joined by a sister category, Best Americana Performance, in 2023.

The Grammy is awarded to the performer(s) of the winning recording.
Sanionia
Sanionia is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Scorpidiaceae.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution, and was circumscribed by Leopold Loeske in Verh. Bot. Vereins. Prov. Brandenburg vol.49 on page 63 in 1907.

The genus is named after Karl Gustav Sanio (1832–1891).

Leopold Loeske
Leopold Loeske (24 October 1865, Hohensalza – 29 March 1935, Bad Harzburg) was a German watchmaker and amateur bryologist.

A skilled watchmaker, he was self-taught as a bryologist, collecting moss specimens in Germany, Switzerland and the French Alps during his career. Following World War I, he spent eight years working as a correspondent for a commercial institution due to financial struggles. He joined the British Bryological Society in 1934.

He died at Bad Harzburg while on a collection excursion in the Harz Mountains.

The moss genera Loeskeobryum (M.Fleisch. ex Broth. 1925) and Loeskypnum (H.K.G.Paul, 1916) are both named in his honor.
Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
The Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, or simply Peykar, also known by the earlier name Marxist Mojahedin, was a splinter group from the People's Mojahedin of Iran (PMOI/MEK).

Members associated with it declared that they no longer self-identify as Muslims but rather believe in Marxism–Leninism. They subsequently started an intragroup conflict with other MEK members who refused to join it (on the grounds that they believed in Islam) and tried to purge the group to make it Marxist. Peykar originated in 1972 after the MEK leadership was jailed by the shah, but it was officially founded in 1975, and by the early 1980s Peykar was no longer considered active. Peykar was considered "the most extreme" among all Iranian communist groups active at the time. Peykar was subsequently suppressed and through imprisonment and executions, its existence came to an end by the early 1980s.

Tudeh Party of Iran
The Tudeh Party of Iran is an Iranian Marxist-Leninist communist party. Formed in 1941 with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its leader, the organization held significant influence in its early years and played an important role during Mohammad Mosaddegh's campaign to nationalize the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, as well as throughout his term as prime minister. From the Iran crisis of 1946 onwards, Tudeh became a pro-Soviet organization and remained prepared to carry out the dictates of the Kremlin, even if it meant sacrificing Iranian political independence and sovereignty. The crackdown that followed the 1953 coup against Mosaddegh is said to have "destroyed" the party, although a small part of it survived. The party still exists but has remained much weaker on account of being banned in Iran and mass arrests by the Islamic Republic in 1982, as well as the executions of political prisoners in 1988. Tudeh identified itself as the historical offshoot of the Communist Party of Persia.
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein
ER retention refers to proteins that are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, after folding; these are known as ER resident proteins.

Protein localization to the ER often depends on certain sequences of amino acids located at the N terminus or C terminus. These sequences are known as signal peptides, molecular signatures, or sorting signals.

The classical ER retention signal is the C-terminal KDEL sequence for lumen bound proteins and KKXX (signal sequence is located in cytoplasm) for transmembrane localization. These signals allow for retrieval from the Golgi apparatus by ER retention receptors, effectively maintaining the protein in the ER. Other mechanisms for ER retention are being studied but are not as well characterized as signal retention.

Signal peptide
A signal  peptide (sometimes referred to as signal sequence, targeting signal, localization signal, localization sequence, transit peptide, leader sequence or leader peptide) is a short peptide (usually 16–30 amino acids long) present at the N-terminus (or occasionally nonclassically at the C-terminus or internally) of most newly synthesized proteins that are destined toward the secretory pathway.
These proteins include those that reside either inside certain organelles (the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi or endosomes), secreted from the cell, or inserted into most cellular membranes. Although most type I membrane-bound proteins have signal peptides, most type II and multi-spanning membrane-bound proteins are targeted to the secretory pathway by their first transmembrane domain, which biochemically resembles a signal sequence except that it is not cleaved. They are a kind of target peptide.
Ruger Model 44
The Ruger Model 44 is a semi-automatic rifle chambered in .44 Remington Magnum designed and manufactured by American firearm company Sturm, Ruger & Co. It uses a 4-round tubular magazine and was produced from 1961 to 1985.

Ruger 10/22
The Ruger 10/22 is a series of semi-automatic rifles produced by American firearm manufacturer Sturm, Ruger & Co., chambered for the .22 Long Rifle rimfire cartridge.  It uses a patented 10-round rotary magazine, though higher capacity box magazines are also available.  The standard carbine version of the Ruger 10/22 has been in production continuously since 1964, making it one of the most successful rimfire rifle designs in history, with numerous third party manufacturers making parts and accessories for upgrading and customization. The 10/22's aftermarket is so prolific that a complete 10/22 can be built without using any Ruger-made components.

A magnum version of the 10/22, known as the 10/22 Magnum, chambered for the .22 WMR cartridge, was made from 1998 to 2006. A .17 HMR version, the 10/17, was announced in 2004, but was only listed in the catalog for two years.
Sarah Grueneberg
Sarah Grueneberg is an American chef who is head chef and owner of Monteverde Restaurant & Pastificio in Chicago. While executive chef at Spiaggia, she held a Michelin star for three years. In 2017, she was named the 2017 Best Chefs in the Great Lakes at the James Beard Foundation Awards. Grueneberg came second in the ninth season of Top Chef; and she also appeared on the first season of Iron Chef Gauntlet.

James Beard Foundation Award
The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize chefs, restaurateurs, authors and journalists in the United States. The James Beard Foundation Awards have been likened to the Academy Awards of the food world due to its prestige and recognition.

The awards are voted on by more than 600 culinary professionals, including previous award winners. Recipients receive a medallion etched with the image of James Beard and a certificate from the foundation.
2001 Segunda División B play-offs
The 2001 Segunda División B play-offs (Playoffs de Ascenso or Promoción de Ascenso) were the final playoffs for promotion from 2000–01 Segunda División B to the 2001–02 Segunda División. The four first placed teams in each of the four Segunda División B groups played the Playoffs de Ascenso and the four last placed teams in Segunda División were relegated to Segunda División B.

The teams play a league of four teams, divided into 4 groups.
The champion of each group is promoted to Segunda División.

2001–02 Segunda División
The 2001–02 Segunda División season saw 22 teams participate in the second flight Spanish league. The teams that promoted to La Liga were Atlético Madrid, Racing de Santander and Recreativo de Huelva. The teams that relegated to Segunda División B were Burgos CF, Gimnàstic de Tarragona, CF Extremadura and Real Jaén.
Memoirs (Walter Scott)
Walter Scott's "Memoirs", first published as "Memoir of the Early Life of Sir Walter Scott, Written by Himself" and also known as the Ashestiel fragment, is a short autobiographical work describing the author's ancestry, parentage, and life up to the age of 22.  It is the most important source of information we have on Scott's early life.  It was mainly written between 1808 and 1811, then revised and completed in 1826, and first published posthumously in 1837 as Chapter 1 of John Gibson Lockhart's multi-volume Memoirs of the Life of Sir Walter Scott.  It was re-edited in 1981 by David Hewitt.

John Gibson Lockhart
John Gibson Lockhart (12 June 1794 – 25 November 1854) was a Scottish writer and editor. He is best known as the author of the seminal, and much-admired, seven-volume biography of his father-in-law Sir Walter Scott: Memoirs of the Life of Sir Walter Scott. He produced four novels in the early 1820s including Adam Blair and Reginald Dalton.
David Holsinger
David Rex Holsinger is an American composer and conductor writing primarily for concert band.  Holsinger is a graduate of Hardin-Central High School in Hardin, Missouri, Central Methodist University, the University of Central Missouri, and the University of Kansas.

University of Central Missouri
The University of Central Missouri (UCM) is a public university in Warrensburg, Missouri, United States.

In 2024, enrollment was 13,734 students from 48 states and 52 countries on its 1,561-acre campus. UCM offers 150 programs of study, including 10 pre-professional programs, 27 areas of teacher certification, and 37 graduate programs.
Taghiyev: Oil
Taghiyev: Oil (Azerbaijani: Tağıyev: Neft) is a 2024 Azerbaijani historical biographical drama film co-written and directed by Zaur Gasimli. It follows the life and work of philanthropist Zeynalabdin Taghiyev, played by Parviz Mamedrzaev. The film is the first installment of Zeynalabdin Taghiyev's tetralogy, followed by Taghiyev: The Tsar (2025) and Taghiyev: Sona (2025).

It was selected as the Azerbaijani entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 98th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.

Zeynalabdin Taghiyev
Hajji Mirza Zeynalabdin Taghi oghlu Taghiyev (Azerbaijani: Mirzə Zeynalabdin Tağı oğlu Tağıyev; Russian: Тагиев, Гаджи Зейналабдин) (b. 25 January 1821, 1823, or 1838, d. 1 September 1924) was an Azerbaijani national industrial magnate and philanthropist.
Rubén Pardo (footballer)
Rubén Pardo Gutiérrez (born 22 October 1992) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder.

He spent the vast majority of his career at Real Sociedad, making 194 official appearances and also being loaned to Betis. In January 2020, he signed with Bordeaux.

Pardo earned 31 caps for Spain at youth level, winning the 2011 European Under-19 championship.

2011 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The 2011 UEFA European Under-19 Championship was the tenth edition of UEFA's European Under-19 Championship since it was renamed from the original under-18 event, in 2001. The tournament took place in Romania from 20 July to 1 August 2011. France were the title holders, but failed to qualify for the finals. Spain won the tournament.
Kasori Shell Mound
The Kasori Shell Mounds (加曽利貝塚, Kasori kaizuka) is an archaeological site in the Sakuragi neighborhood of Wakaba ward of the city of Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, in the Kantō region of Japan. It contains the largest known shell midden found in Japan, and was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1971. Its status was raised to that of a special National Historic Site in 2017.

Midden
A midden is an old dump for domestic waste. It may consist of animal bones, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, potsherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and biofacts associated with past human occupation.

These features provide a useful resource for archaeologists to study the diets and habits of past societies. Middens with damp, anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile. Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss. During the course of deposition, sediment is deposited as well. Different mechanisms, from wind and water to animal digs, create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information. In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed.
Donnell Walton
Donnell Walton (born November 8, 1966) is an American physicist who works at Corning West Technology Center (CWTC). He studied Physics at North Carolina State University, graduating with a BSc in Physics. He continued his education at the University of Michigan, receiving a PhD in applied physics. He is an outspoken advocate for encouraging diversity in Physics and he is a board member for the National Society of Black Physicists.

National Society of Black Physicists
The National Society of Black Physicists (NSBP), established in the United States in 1977, is a non-profit professional organization with the goal to promote the professional well-being of African Diaspora physicists and physics students within the international scientific community and the world community at large.
Haline contraction coefficient
The Haline contraction coefficient, abbreviated as β, is a coefficient that describes the change in ocean density due to a salinity change, while the potential temperature and the pressure are kept constant. It is a parameter in the  Equation Of State (EOS) of the ocean. β is also described as the saline contraction coefficient and is measured in [kg]/[g] in the EOS that describes the ocean. An example is TEOS-10. This is the thermodynamic equation of state.

β is the salinity variant of the thermal expansion coefficient α, where the density changes due to a change in temperature instead of salinity.  With these two coefficients, the density ratio can be calculated. This determines the contribution of the temperature and salinity to the density of a water parcel.

β is called a contraction coefficient, because when salinity increases, water becomes denser, and if the temperature increases, water becomes less dense.

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
Limits to Medicine
Limits to Medicine, also known as Medical Nemesis, is a book by Ivan Illich, first published in 1975. Illich claimed that medicine had increasingly gained social control over people's lives, leading to iatrogenic effects, with physicians as the key players in the process.

Iatrogenesis
Iatrogenesis is the causation of a disease, a harmful complication, or other ill effect by any medical activity, including diagnosis, intervention, error, or negligence. First used in this sense in 1924, the term was introduced to sociology in 1976 by Ivan Illich, alleging that industrialized societies impair quality of life by overmedicalizing life. Iatrogenesis may thus include mental suffering via medical beliefs or a practitioner's statements. Some iatrogenic events are obvious, like amputation of the wrong limb, whereas others, like drug interactions, can evade recognition. In a 2013 estimate, about 20 million negative effects from treatment had occurred globally. In 2013, an estimated 142,000 persons died from adverse effects of medical treatment, up from an estimated 94,000 in 1990.
Onn Jaafar
Onn bin Dato' Jaafar (Jawi: عون بن جعفر; 12 February 1895 – 19 January 1962) was a Malayan politician who served as the 7th Menteri Besar of Johor from 1947 to 1950. His organised opposition towards the creation of the Malayan Union (by the returning British colonial power after the end of the Japanese occupation of Malaya) led him to form the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in 1946; he was UMNO's founder and its first president until his resignation in 1951. He was famously known as the pioneer of organised anti-imperialism and early Malay nationalism within Malaya, which eventually culminated with the Malayan independence from Britain. He was also responsible for the social and economic welfare of the Malays by setting up the Rural Industrial Development Authority (RIDA).

Menteri Besar of Johor
The Menteri Besar of Johor or Chief Minister of Johor is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Johor. According to convention, the Menteri Besar is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the Johor State Legislative Assembly.

The 19th and current Menteri Besar of Johor is Onn Hafiz Ghazi, who took on office since 15 March 2022.
Estudiantes F.C.
Estudiantes Football Club was a professional football club located in San Salvador, El Salvador that participated in Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño from 2007 to 2008.

The club played its home games at Estadio Cuscatlán, which is the largest stadium in El Salvador.

Segunda División de El Salvador
The Segunda División de El Salvador (Second Division of El Salvador) is the second tier of football in El Salvador governed by the Federación Salvadoreña de Fútbol (FESFUT). Teams contest to promote to the Primera División.

The winning sides of the annual Apertura and Clausura contest each other, the winner directly promotes to Primera División.

The losing side of the match contest the last place team of Primera División to trigger promotion and relegation should the Primera División team lose to the Segunda División side.
Macrocyclic ligand
In coordination chemistry, a macrocyclic ligand is a macrocyclic ring having at least nine atoms (including all hetero atoms) and three or more donor sites that serve as ligands. Crown ethers and porphyrins are prominent examples. Macrocyclic ligands often exhibit high affinity for metal ions, the macrocyclic effect.

Porphyrin
Porphyrins (/ˈpɔːrfərɪns/ POR-fər-ins) are heterocyclic, macrocyclic, organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (=CH−). In vertebrates, an essential member of the porphyrin group is heme, which is a component of hemoproteins, whose functions include carrying oxygen in the bloodstream. In plants, an essential porphyrin derivative is chlorophyll, which is involved in light harvesting and electron transfer in photosynthesis.

The parent of porphyrins is porphine, a rare chemical compound of exclusively theoretical interest. Substituted porphines are called porphyrins. With a total of 26 π-electrons the porphyrin ring structure is a coordinated aromatic system. One result of the large conjugated system is that porphyrins absorb strongly in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. they are deeply colored. The name "porphyrin" derives from Greek  πορφύρα (porphyra) 'purple'.
Hanne Desmet
Hanne Desmet (born 26 October 1996) is a Belgian short track speed skater.

In the 1000 m event, she is the 2022 Winter Olympics bronze medalist, 2025 World Champion, and two-time European champion (2023, 2024). In the mixed relay, she is a 2026 Winter Olympics bronze medalist and two-time European medalist.

Short-track speed skating at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Mixed 2000 metre relay
The Mixed 2000 metre relay competition in short-track speed skating at the 2026 Winter Olympics was held on 10 February 2026 at the Forum di Milano in Milan. Italy, represented by Elisa Confortola, Arianna Fontana, Chiara Betti, Thomas Nadalini, Pietro Sighel, and Luca Spechenhauser, won the event. Canada were second and Belgium third.
Darren Leung
Darren Stephen Leung (born 25 September 1987) is a British racing driver. He won the British GT Championship in 2023 in the GT3 category and the GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup - Bronze Cup in 2024, both alongside Dan Harper. Leung previously served as chief executive officer of Leeds-based software company Paradine, which also operate a racing team under his direction as Paradine Competition.

2023 British GT Championship
The 2023 British GT Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2023 Intelligent Money British GT Championship) is the 31st British GT Championship, a sports car championship promoted by the SRO Motorsports Group. The season began on 8 April at Oulton Park and will end on 22 October at Donington Park.