hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pan pizza
Pan pizza is a pizza baked in a deep dish pan or sheet pan. Turin-style pizza, Italian tomato pie, Sicilian pizza, Greek pizza, Chicago-style pizza, and Detroit-style pizza may be considered forms of pan pizza. Pan pizza also refers to the thick style popularized by Pizza Hut in the 1960s. The bottoms and sides of the crust become fried and crispy in the oil used to coat the pan.

Sicilian pizza
Pizza originating in the Sicily region of Italy (Italian: pizza siciliana) became a popular dish in western Sicily by the mid-19th century and was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily until the 1860s. It eventually reached North America in an altered form, with thicker crust and a rectangular shape.

Traditional Sicilian pizza is often thick-crusted and rectangular, but can also be round and similar to the Neapolitan pizza. It is often topped with tomatoes, herbs, onions, anchovies, and strong cheese such as caciocavallo and toma. Other versions do not include cheese.

The Sicilian methods of making pizza are linked to local culture and country traditions, so there are differences in preparing pizza among the provinces of Palermo, Syracuse, and Messina, and the Metropolitan City of Catania.
I Corps Observation Group
The I Corps Observation Group was a United States Army Air Service unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I as part of the Air Service, First United States Army.  It was demobilized in France after the 1918 Armistice with Germany on 15 April 1919.

There is no modern United States Air Force or Air National Guard unit that shares its lineage and history.

First Army (United States)
First Army is the oldest and longest-established field army of the United States Army. It served as a theater army, having seen service in both World War I and World War II, and supplied the US army with soldiers and equipment during the Korean War and the Vietnam War under some of the most famous and distinguished officers of the U.S. Army. It now serves as a mobilization, readiness and training command.
2015 BMW PGA Championship
The 2015 BMW PGA Championship was the 61st edition of the BMW PGA Championship, an annual golf tournament on the European Tour, held 21–24 May at the West Course of Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, a suburb southwest of London.

An Byeong-hun won the tournament with a record-breaking 21-under-par total.

BMW PGA Championship
The BMW PGA Championship is an annual men's professional golf tournament on the European Tour. It was founded in 1955 by the Professional Golfers' Association, and originally called the British PGA Championship.
The Chocolate Soldier (film)
The Chocolate Soldier is a 1941 American musical film directed by Roy Del Ruth.  It uses  original music from the Oscar Straus 1908 operetta of the same name, which was based on George Bernard Shaw’s 1894 play Arms and the Man. Unable to come to terms with Shaw, the studio used a story to which it already had rights: the Ferenc Molnár play The Guardsman (originally Testőr). The plot centers on the romantic misunderstandings and professional conflicts between two recently married opera singers, played by Metropolitan Opera star Risë Stevens (in her film debut) and Nelson Eddy, who perform excerpts from the operetta during the film. This screenplay was written by Leonard Lee and Keith Winter. The Guardsman—a huge hit on Broadway in 1924— was brought to the screen in 1931, with Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne reprising their stage roles as married actors.

The Guardsman
The Guardsman is a 1931 American pre-Code film based on the play Testőr by Ferenc Molnár. It stars Alfred Lunt, Lynn Fontanne, Roland Young and ZaSu Pitts. It opens with a stage re-enactment of the final scene of Maxwell Anderson's Elizabeth the Queen, with Fontanne as Elizabeth and Lunt as the Earl of Essex, but otherwise has nothing to do with that play.

The film was adapted by Ernest Vajda (screenplay) and Claudine West (continuity) and was directed by Sidney Franklin. Lunt and Fontanne were husband and wife and a celebrated stage acting team. This film was based upon the roles they had played on Broadway in 1924 and it was their only starring film role together. They were nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Actress in a Leading Role, respectively. Nonetheless, the film was not a popular success at the box office, and the two stars returned to working on Broadway.
Oda Schottmüller
Oda Schottmüller (9 February 1905 – 5 August 1943) was an expressive dancer, mask maker and sculptor. Schottmüller was most notable as a resistance fighter against the Nazis, through her association with a Berlin-based anti-fascist resistance group that she met through the sculptor Kurt Schumacher. The group would later be named by the Gestapo as Die Rote Kapelle (English: "the Red Orchestra").

Author and researcher Geertje Andresen conducted an analysis of Schottmüller's estate, which resulted in the publication of a book on Schottmüller's life. Andresen's work describes a vindictive murder by the Nazi state of a German woman who was only tangentially linked to Die Rote Kapelle and whose association with the group constituted resistance.

Kurt Schumacher (sculptor)
Kurt Schumacher (6 May 1905 – 22 December 1942) was a German sculptor and Communist member of the German Resistance fighter who was a member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo. He was married to the painter and graphic designer, Elisabeth Schumacher who was also an anti-fascist.
Alternative law in Ireland prior to 1921
Alternative legal systems began to be used by Irish nationalist organizations during the 1760s as a means of opposing British rule in Ireland. Groups which enforced different laws included the Whiteboys, Repeal Association, Ribbonmen, Irish National Land League, Irish National League, United Irish League, Sinn Féin, and the Irish Republic during the Irish War of Independence. These alternative justice systems were connected to the agrarian protest movements which sponsored them and filled the gap left by the official authority, which never had the popular support or legitimacy which it needed to govern effectively. Opponents of British rule in Ireland sought to create an alternative system, based on Irish (rather than English) law, which would eventually supplant British authority.

Irish National Land League
The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún), also known as the Land League, was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which organised tenant farmers in their resistance to exactions of landowners. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War.  Historian R. F. Foster argues that in the countryside the Land League "reinforced the politicization of rural Catholic nationalist Ireland, partly by defining that identity against urbanization, landlordism, Englishness and—implicitly—Protestantism."  Foster adds that about a third of the activists were Catholic priests, and Archbishop Thomas Croke was one of its most influential champions.
Cakfem-Mushere language
Cakfem-Mushere is an Afro-Asiatic language cluster spoken in Bokkos LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria.  Dialects are Kadim-Kaban and Jajura. Mutual intelligibility with Mwaghavul and Mupun is high.

Mushere is very close to Mwaghavul and Mupun.

Cakfem has two varieties, namely Outer Cakfem and Inner Cakfem. Outer Cakfem is very similar to Mwaghavul, but Inner Cakfem is more divergent, as Mwaghavul speakers have trouble understanding Inner Cakfem. According to Blench in 2019, the Cakfem people have thirteen villages, with Tim as the main settlement. Hausa is frequently used by the younger generation.

Mwaghavul language
Mwaghavul (also known as Sura) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State in central Nigeria and predominantly in Mangu LGA.

Mwaghavul's dialects include Takas. The Mupun people is a related ethnic group.

Mwaghavul has one of the most elaborate systems of logophoricity known in any language.
Ōtawara Domain
Ōtawara Domain (大田原藩, Ōtawara-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Tochigi Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Ōtawara Castle in what is now part of the city of Ōtawara, Tochigi. Ōtawara was ruled through all of its history by the Ōtawara clan.

Shimotsuke Province
Shimotsuke Province (下野国, Shimotsuke no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [ɕi.moꜜ.tsɯ̥.ke (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Tochigi Prefecture. Shimotsuke was bordered by Kōzuke, Hitachi, Mutsu and Shimōsa Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Yashū (野州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Shimotsuke was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the 30 "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital is located in what is now the city of Tochigi. The Ichinomiya of the province is the Futarasan jinja located in what is now the city of Utsunomiya.
Perseverance (song)
"Perseverance" is a song by English rock band Terrorvision, written by the band and produced by Gil Norton. Recorded at Parkgate Studios in Battle, England, it is the third track on their third studio album, Regular Urban Survivors (1996). The band's frontman, Tony Wright, composed the music by stitching together several guitar riffs and penned the lyric based on his personal opinions and experiences, including a line about whales and dolphins that has resounded with audiences.

Released as a single through Total Vegas and EMI Records on 19 February 1996, "Perseverance" debuted and peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Terrorvision's highest-charting single until "Tequila" peaked at number two in 1999. Despite its success, it spent only four weeks in the UK top 100. An accompanying music video was made for the song, featuring the band performing the song in front of coloured backgrounds while wearing matching outfits; it was directed by Jeferey Levy.

Tequila (Terrorvision song)
"Tequila" is a song by English rock band Terrorvision, written by the band and Chuck Rio and produced by Scottish musician Edwyn Collins. The song originally appeared on the band's fourth studio album, Shaving Peaches (1998), and was released as the album's second single on 18 January 1999. For the single release, English music producer Mint Royale remixed the track. These remixes were heavily championed by BBC Radio 1 DJ Zoe Ball, allowing the song to reach number two on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Terrorvision's highest-charting song in the UK. In 1999, the song won the Kerrang! Award for Best Single.
Moskvitch 433/434
Moskvitch 433 and 434 were light commercial vehicles with a panel van body produced by the Soviet MZMA/AZLK factories from 1966 to 1976. They were variants of the Moskvitch 408 and Moskvitch 412 passenger cars, distinguished primarily by their engines.

Moskvitch 412
The Moskvitch 412 (Moskvich 412, Москвич-412, M-412) is a small family car produced by Soviet/Russian manufacturer MZMA/AZLK in Moscow from 1967 to 1975, and by IZh in Izhevsk from 1967 to 1982 (also known as IZh-412). It was a more powerful and prestigious version of the M-408 model, offering more features for a higher price.
SS Everalda
SS Everalda was a Latvian Cargo ship and part of the Latvian Mercantile Marine during World War II that the German submarine U-158 shelled and sank on 23 June 1942 in the Atlantic Ocean 360 nautical miles (670 km) south south west of Bermuda while she was travelling from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil while carrying general cargo.

The ship was one of eight Latvian freighters who refused orders from occupation authorities to return to Soviet-occupied Latvia in 1940.

German submarine U-158 (1941)
German submarine U-158 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.

Her keel was laid down on 1 November 1940 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 1000. She was commissioned on 25 September 1941, with Kapitänleutnant Erwin Rostin (Knights Cross) in command.
Izzat Traboulsi
Izzat Traboulsi LL.M Ph.D.Econ (20 November 1913 – 6 December 2000) (Arabic: عزة الطرابلسي; alternate spelling: Ezzat Traboulsi, عزت الطرابلسي), was a Syrian politician, economist, banker, and writer. He was the first governor of the Central Bank of Syria from 1956 to 1961 and served as Minister of Economy and Trade under the government of Head-of-State Nazim al-Qudsi and Syrian Prime Minister Khalid Al-Azm in 1962. His ideas and actions had an important influence on the Syrian financial institutions.

Nazim al-Qudsi
Nazim al-Qudsi (Arabic: ناظم القدسي, romanized: Nāẓim al-Qudsī or Nadhim Al-Kudisi; 14 February 1906 – 6 February 1998), was a Syrian politician who served as the president of Syria from 14 December 1961 to 8 March 1963.
Motor Toon Grand Prix
Motor Toon Grand Prix is a 1994 kart racing video game developed and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. It was released exclusively in Japan. The game and its sequel were directed by Kazunori Yamauchi, and are precursors to his subsequent racing series Gran Turismo.

Kart racing game
A kart racing game, also known as cart racing game or go-kart racing game, is a subgenre of racing games. Kart racing games have simplified driving mechanics while including unusual racetrack designs, obstacles, and vehicular combat. Though the genre has its roots in the 1980s, Super Mario Kart (1992) popularized the genre, with its subsequent series still being considered the foremost kart racing franchise.
Cotton Belt 819
Cotton Belt 819 is a L-1 class 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotive and is also the official state locomotive of Arkansas. It was completed in December 1942 and was the last engine built by the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, which was affectionately known as "The Cotton Belt Route" or simply "Cotton Belt". It was also the last locomotive built in Arkansas. It was restored to operating condition in April 1986 and operated in excursion service until October 1993. As of 2026, the locomotive is now located at the Arkansas Railroad Museum, currently being cosmetically restored.

St. Louis Southwestern Railway
The St. Louis Southwestern Railway Company (reporting mark SSW), known by its nickname of "The Cotton Belt Route" or simply "Cotton Belt", was a Class I railroad that operated between St. Louis, Missouri, and various points in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Texas from 1891 to 1980, when the system added the Rock Island's Golden State Route and operations in Kansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. The Cotton Belt operated as a Southern Pacific subsidiary from 1932 until 1992, when its operation was assumed by Southern Pacific Transportation Company.
Vittorio Italico Zupelli
Vittorio Italico Zupelli also known as Vittorio Zupelli, Vittorio Zuppelli and as Elio Vittorio Italico Zupelli (Koper, 6 March 1859 – Rome, 22 January 1945) was an Italian general and politician. He was the first Istrian to be appointed general of the Royal Italian Army and to hold the position of minister of the Kingdom of Italy. He was Minister of War twice, once when Italy entered the World War I in May 1915, and again at the time of the Armistice of 11 November 1918.

Minister of War (Italy)
The minister of war of Italy (Italian: ministri della guerra del Regno d'Italia), was the minister responsible for the Ministry of War, which in turn oversaw the Royal Italian Army under the Kingdom of Italy between 1861 and 1946 and the Italian Army under the Italian Republic from 1946 to 1947. The position was abolished in 1947 when the Ministry of War, Ministry of the Navy, and Ministry of Aeronautics were merged to form the Ministry of Defence under the oversight of the new position of Minister of Defence.

The first minister of war was Manfredo Fanti, a general of the Royal Italian Army, while the last one was Cipriano Facchinetti, a member of the Italian Republican Party. The longest-serving minister was the fascist dictator Prime Minister Benito Mussolini of the National Fascist Party.
Sutton Weaver
Sutton Weaver is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Frodsham and 2.5 miles (4 km) south of Runcorn. According to the 2011 United Kingdom census, it had a population of 495 and a total land area of 3,198 sq metres (m2) (thousands). The village has 206 Households with some of the main industries of the village being Wholesale and Retail Trade, Human Health and Social Work Activities and Manufacturing; These three sectors alone account for 36.5% of Occupational Share.

Cheshire West and Chester
Cheshire West and Chester is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. It was established on 1 April 2009 as part of the 2009 local government changes, by virtue of an order under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007. It superseded the boroughs of Ellesmere Port and Neston, Vale Royal and the City of Chester. The remainder of the ceremonial county of Cheshire is composed of Cheshire East, Halton and Warrington. Cheshire West and Chester has three key urban areas: Chester, Ellesmere Port and Northwich/Winsford.

The decision to create the Cheshire West and Chester unitary authority was announced on 25 July 2007 following a consultation period, in which a proposal to create a single Cheshire unitary authority was rejected.
Targe
The targe (Scottish Gaelic: Targaid) is a type of strapped round shield that was used by Scottish Highlanders in the early modern period. From the late 16th century, until the Battle of Culloden in 1746, the Scottish Highlander's main means of defence in battle was his targe. In February 1596, the clan leader John Grant of Freuchie was able to muster 500 men, including 40 armed "according to the Highland custom" with bows, helmets, swords, and targes. After the disastrous defeat of the Jacobites at Culloden, the carrying of the targe had been banned by the Disarming Act, and many were destroyed or put to other uses. Those that remain have intricate patterns and are decorated, indicating that they would have originally belonged to important people.

The targe is a concave shield fitted with enarmes on the inside, one adjustable by a buckle, to be attached to the forearm, and the other fixed as a grip for the left hand.

Strapped shield
A strapped shield or arm shield is a shield which is attached to a user’s lower arm via leather gripping straps on the back of the shield, sometimes together with a guige (or ‘shield sling’), rather than wielded via a centre shield grip.
David Olive
David Ian Olive CBE FRS FLSW (/ˈɒlɪv/ (listenⓘ); 16 April 1937 – 7 November 2012) was a British theoretical physicist. Olive made fundamental contributions to string theory and duality theory, he is particularly known for his work on the GSO projection and Montonen–Olive duality.

He was professor of physics at Imperial College, London, from 1984 to 1992. In 1992 he moved to Swansea University to help set up the new theoretical physics group.

He was awarded the Dirac Prize and Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in 1997.  He was a Founding Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1987, and appointed CBE in 2002.

Learned Society of Wales
The Learned Society of Wales (Welsh: Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru) is a national academy, learned society and charity that exists to "celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect and encourage excellence in all of the scholarly disciplines", and to serve the Welsh nation.

The Learned Society of Wales is Wales's first and only all-embracing national scholarly academy.  A registered charity, it was established and launched on 25 May 2010 at the National Museum of Wales and was granted a Royal Charter in 2015. The society is headquartered in Cardiff.

It is an independent, self-governing, pan-disciplinary, bilingual organisation operating throughout Wales, and is a founding member of the Celtic Academies Alliance.
Bateman–Horn conjecture
In number theory, the Bateman–Horn conjecture is a statement concerning the frequency of prime numbers among the values of a system of polynomials, named after mathematicians Paul T. Bateman and Roger A. Horn who proposed it in 1962. It provides a vast generalization of such conjectures as the Hardy–Littlewood conjecture on the density of twin primes or their conjecture on primes of the form . It is also a strengthening of Schinzel's hypothesis H.

Twin prime
A twin prime is a prime number that is either 2 less or 2 more than another prime number—for example, either member of the twin prime pair  (17, 19)  or (41, 43). In other words, a twin prime is a prime that has a prime gap of two. Sometimes the term twin prime is used for a pair of twin primes; an alternative name for this is prime twin or prime pair.

Twin primes become increasingly rare as one examines larger ranges, in keeping with the general tendency of gaps between adjacent primes to become larger as the numbers themselves get larger.  However, it is unknown whether there are infinitely many twin primes (the so-called twin prime conjecture) or if there is a largest pair. The breakthrough
work of Yitang Zhang in 2013, as well as work by James Maynard, Terence Tao and others, has made substantial progress towards proving that there are infinitely many twin primes, but at present this remains unsolved.
2022 Idaho House of Representatives election
The 2022 Idaho House of Representatives elections took place on November 8, 2022. Primary elections were held on May 17, 2022. Idaho voters elected state representatives in all 70 seats of the House, electing two state representatives in each of the 35 Idaho state legislative districts. State representatives serve two-year terms in the Idaho House of Representatives.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Idaho state elections, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House, Governor, and Idaho Senate. Since the previous election in 2020, Republicans held a 58-to-12-seat supermajority over Democrats. Republicans gained a seat in 2022, increasing their supermajority to 59 seats.

These were the first elections in Idaho following the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, which resulted in some members being assigned to new districts.

2022 Idaho gubernatorial election
The 2022 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 8 to elect the next governor of Idaho. Incumbent Brad Little, first elected in 2018, was elected to a second term, the eighth consecutive win by a Republican.

The statewide primary was held on May 17; Little defeated incumbent lieutenant governor Janice McGeachin in the Republican primary, while Stephen Heidt won the Democratic primary. Little convincingly won the general election, but there was a relatively strong performance by far-right independent candidate Ammon Bundy, who finished roughly three points behind Heidt, and ahead of Heidt in 34 of Idaho's 44 counties.

Bundy's share of the vote was the best non-major party performance or the best outside both major parties performance since 1926. This was the worst Democratic performance since 1924, and one of only three times since then in which the Democratic candidate failed to achieve 30% of the vote.