hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bicinchoninic acid assay
The bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA assay), also known as the Smith assay, after its inventor, Paul K. Smith at the Pierce Chemical Company, is a biochemical assay for determining the total concentration of protein in a solution (0.5 μg/mL to 1.5 mg/mL), similar to Lowry protein assay, Bradford protein assay or biuret reagent. The total protein concentration is exhibited by a color change of the sample solution from blue to purple in proportion to protein concentration, which can then be measured using colorimetric techniques. The BCA assay was patented by Pierce Chemical Company in 1989 & the patent expired in 2006.

Lowry protein assay
The Lowry protein assay is a biochemical assay for determining the total level of protein in a solution. The total protein concentration is exhibited by a color change of the sample solution in proportion to protein concentration, which can then be measured using colorimetric techniques. It is named for the biochemist Oliver H. Lowry who developed the reagent in the 1940s. His 1951 paper describing the technique is the most-highly cited paper ever in the scientific literature, cited over 300,000 times.
The Nearly Man
The Nearly Man is a UK TV play and series from the mid-1970s, about a middle-class Labour MP. Both play and series were written by Arthur Hopcraft; actors in the cast of both include Tony Britton in the title role, Wilfred Pickles, Ann Firbank and Michael Elphick.

The play was originally screened on ITV on 4 August 1974, and won the Broadcasting Press Guild award for the best single play on British television that year. The series was filmed in London by Granada Television, and broadcast late the following year. Some episodes were directed by British directors Alan Grint and John Irvin.

Tony Britton
Anthony Edward Lowry Britton (9 June 1924 – 22 December 2019) was an English actor. He appeared in a variety of films (including The Day of the Jackal) and television sitcoms (including Don't Wait Up and Robin's Nest).
Nothing to Worry About
"Nothing to Worry About" is the first single by Peter Bjorn and John from the album Living Thing. The music video premiered in 2009. The song was featured in a season five episode of the MTV series The Hills entitled "Crazy In Love". The song was featured in commercials for the fifth season of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Cinemax HD in its spring 2009 ad campaign, and EA Sports game, FIFA 10. A remix of the song was also used in the promo for season five of the TV series Bones.

Living Thing
Living Thing is the fifth album by Peter Bjorn and John, released on 30 March 2009 in the UK and 31 March in the US. Much darker and more experimental than their previous album Writer's Block, Living Thing expands the sound of the group by taking more cues from hip-hop and electronic music, in particular the work of African electronic funk musician William Onyeabor. Three singles were eventually released from the album: "Nothing To Worry About," 'It Don't Move Me," and "Lay It Down."
Esquesing Township
Esquesing Township was a municipality within the historic Halton County in Ontario, Canada. It is today a geographic township, mostly within the town of Halton Hills, with its southwest corner being part of the Town of Milton in the Regional Municipality of Halton.

Georgetown, Ontario
Georgetown is a large unincorporated community in the town of Halton Hills, Ontario, Canada, in the Regional Municipality of Halton. The town includes several small villages or settlements such as Norval, Limehouse, Stewarttown and Glen Williams near Georgetown and another large population centre, Acton. In 2021, the population of Georgetown was 44,058. It sits on the banks of the Credit River, approximately 40 km west of Toronto, and is part of the Greater Toronto Area.  Georgetown was named after entrepreneur George Kennedy who settled in the area in 1821 and built several mills and other businesses.
Styria
Styria (Austrian German: Steiermark [ˈʃtaɪɐmark] ⓘ; Bavarian: Steiamårk; Slovene: Štajerska; Hungarian: Stájerország [ˈʃtaːjɛrorsaːɡ]) is an Austrian state in the southeast of the country. With an area of approximately 16,399 km2 (6,332 sq mi), Styria is Austria's second largest state, after Lower Austria. It is bordered to the south by Slovenia, and clockwise, from the southwest, by the other Austrian states of Carinthia, Salzburg, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, and Burgenland. The state's capital is Graz, the second largest city in Austria after Vienna.

Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
Bruck-Mürzzuschlag (German: [bʁʊk myɐ̯t͡sˈt͡suːʃlak]) is a district in Styria, Austria. It came into effect on January 1, 2013, when the merging of the districts Bruck an der Mur and Mürzzuschlag occurred. Just 2 years later, on 1 January 2015, the district was restructured in the Styria municipal structural reform and reduced from 37 to 19 towns. It consists of the following 19 municipalities:
Good Hunting (play)
Good Hunting is a 1938 play written by Nathanael West, in collaboration with Joseph Schrank. The play, a satire about World War I, opened in New York City on November 21, 1938, and ran for two performances.

Nathanael West
Nathanael West (born Nathan Weinstein; October 17, 1903 – December 22, 1940) was an American writer and screenwriter. He is remembered for two darkly satirical novels: Miss Lonelyhearts (1933) and The Day of the Locust (1939), set respectively in the newspaper and Hollywood film industries.
Jim Causley
Jim Causley (born 1980) is a British folk singer, songwriter, and musician from Devon who specializes in the traditional songs and music of the West Country. Journalist Colin Irwin has called him "the finest singer of his generation".

Charles Causley
Charles Stanley Causley CBE FRSL (24 August 1917 – 4 November 2003) was a Cornish poet, school teacher and writer. His work is often noted for its simplicity and directness as well as its associations with folklore, legends and magic, especially when linked to his native Cornwall.
Griswold Conservation Area
Griswold Conservation Area is a 43-acre (0.17 km²) park located 0.5 miles northwest of Blue Mound, Illinois.  The land preserve, which is operated by the Macon County Conservation District, centers on hiking and picknicking for users in the farming area southwest of Decatur.  It is based on a land parcel donated to the county in 1973 by local benefactor and landowner Harry E. Griswold, and the conservation area is named in his honor.

The nearest major highway is Illinois Route 48, at Blue Mound.

Decatur, Illinois
Decatur (/dɪˈkeɪtər/ dih-KAY-tər) is the largest city in Macon County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. The city was founded in 1829 and is situated along the Sangamon River and Lake Decatur in Central Illinois. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 70,522. It is the 17th-most populous city in Illinois and the "fastest shrinking city" in Illinois. Decatur has an economy based on industrial and agricultural commodity processing and production. The city is home to Millikin University and Richland Community College.
Dortmund Stadtbahn
The Dortmund Stadtbahn is a light rail system in the German city of Dortmund and is integrated in the Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn network. Its network consists of eight lines and is operated by Dortmunder Stadtwerke, which is operating under the brand DSW21 since 2005.

The light rail system was gradually opened between 1976 and 2008 by relocating the inner-city tram tracks in underground tunnels and opening new express tram routes that are independent of road traffic (e.g. Kirchderne – Grevel). It operates on 75.0 kilometres (46.6 mi) of route (of which 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi) are underground in tunnels, with the other 54.5 kilometres (33.9 mi) being above-ground in dedicated rights-of-way). It has 23 underground stations and 59 on the surface.

Dortmunder Stadtwerke
Dortmunder Stadtwerke AG is a municipal services and public transport company in Dortmund, wholly owned by the city of Dortmund. It is operating under the brand DSW21 since 2005. The number in the acronym refers to the 21st century.

The development of the company began on June 19, 1857, when the Dortmunder Actien-Gesellschaft für Gasbeleuchtung was founded.
Ulken Damdi
The Ulken Damdi (Kazakh: Үлкен Дәмді; Russian: Улькендамды), is a river in the Karasu, Nauyrzym and Amangeldi districts of Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan. The river is the main tributary of the Saryozen and is 133 km (83 mi) long with a basin area of 5,140 km2 (1,980 sq mi).

The river flows by Damdi and Mereke settlements. The water is used for irrigation and watering livestock.

Damdi, Kostanay Region
Damdi (Kazakh: Дәмді; Russian: Дамды) is a village in Nauyrzym District, Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of the Damdi Rural District (KATO code - 395837100).

Population: 990 (2009 census results); 726 (1999 census results).
Battle of Ban Houei Sane
The Battle of Ban Houei Sane took place during the Vietnam War, beginning on the night of 23 January 1968, when the 24th Regiment of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) 304th Division overran the small Royal Lao Army outpost at Ban Houei Sane. The fighting at Ban Houei Sane was one in a series of battles fought between North Vietnamese and Allied forces during the Tet Offensive. The small outpost, defended by the 700 man Bataillon Volontaire (BV-33), was attacked and overwhelmed by the vastly superior PAVN and their PT-76 light tanks. The failure of BV-33 to defend their outpost at Ban Houei Sane had negative consequences only a few weeks later, when the PAVN struck again at Lang Vei.

PT-76
The PT-76 is a Soviet amphibious light tank that was introduced in the early 1950s and soon became the standard reconnaissance tank of the Soviet Army and the other Warsaw Pact armed forces. It was widely exported to other friendly states, like India, Indonesia, Iraq, Syria, North Korea and North Vietnam.

The tank's full name is Floating Tank–76 (плавающий танк, plavayushchiy tank, or ПТ-76, PT-76). 76 stands for the caliber of the main armament: the 76.2 mm D-56T series rifled tank gun.

The PT-76 is used in the reconnaissance and fire-support roles. Its chassis served as the basis for a number of other vehicle designs, many of them amphibious, including the BTR-50 armoured personnel carrier, the ZSU-23-4 self-propelled anti aircraft gun, the ASU-85 airborne self-propelled gun and the 2K12 Kub anti-aircraft missile launch vehicle.
Toghtekin
Zahir al-Din Toghtekin or Tughtekin (Arabic: ظاهر الدين طغتكين, romanized: Zahir ad-Din Tughtikin; died February 12, 1128), also spelled Tughtegin, was a Turkoman military leader, who was emir of Damascus from 1104 to 1128. He was the founder of the Burid dynasty of Damascus.

Burid dynasty
The Burid dynasty (Arabic: الدولة البورية Romanized: ad-Dawlā al-Būriyā) or the Emirate of Damascus (Arabic: إمارة دمشق Romanized: Imarat Dimashq) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Oghuz Turkic origin which ruled over the Emirate of Damascus in the early 12th century, as subjects of the Seljuk Empire.
Plaisance, Quebec
Plaisance (French pronunciation: [plɛzɑ̃s] ⓘ) is a municipality in Papineau Regional County Municipality in western Quebec, Canada. The village is situated on the Ottawa River near the mouth of the Petite-Nation River, 70 km from Gatineau and 160 km from Montreal on Route 148.

The village is well known for its waterfalls located just north of town as well as a local cheese factory which was previously quite popular in the Outaouais region. There is also the Plaisance National Park, a large bird reserve between the main highway and the Ottawa River.

Ottawa River
The Ottawa River (French: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word "to trade", as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines the border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River and the longest river in Quebec.
Bassoon Sonata (Hurlstone)
The Sonata in F major is a bassoon sonata with piano accompaniment written by William Hurlstone in 1904, two years before his death. It was first published by Avision in 1907, and was later re-issued by Emerson in 1976.

William Hurlstone
William Yeates Hurlstone (7 January 1876 – 30 May 1906) was an English composer. Showing brilliant musical talent from an early age, he died young, before his full potential could be realized. Nevertheless, he left behind an exquisite, albeit small, body of work. His teacher Sir Charles Villiers Stanford considered him the most talented of his pupils, above Ralph Vaughan Williams and Gustav Holst.
Tax court
Tax courts are courts of limited jurisdiction that deal with tax issues.

Notable examples include:

United States Tax Court, a United States federal court
List of Judges of the United States Tax Court
Uniformity and jurisdiction in U.S. federal court tax decisions

State courts (United States):
Oregon Tax Court of the Oregon Judicial Department
Hawaii Tax Appeal Court of the Hawai'i State Judiciary
Indiana Tax Court
Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board
Minnesota Tax Court
New Jersey Tax Court

Tax Court of Canada
Tax Court of Canada Act

EFTA Court

Philippine Court of Tax Appeals

Fiscal Court (Germany)

Federal Fiscal Court in Austria, see de:Bundesfinanzgericht

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
Conkers
Conkers is a traditional children's game in Great Britain and Ireland played using the seeds of horse chestnut trees—the name 'conker' is also applied to the seed and to the tree itself.  The game is played by two players, each with a conker threaded onto a piece of string: they take turns striking each other's conker until one breaks.

Aesculus hippocastanum
Aesculus hippocastanum, the horse chestnut, is a species of flowering plant in the maple, soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. It is a large, deciduous, synoecious (hermaphroditic-flowered) tree. It is also called horse-chestnut, European horsechestnut, buckeye, and conker tree. It is not to be confused with the sweet chestnut or Spanish chestnut, Castanea sativa, which is a tree in another family, Fagaceae.: 371
Peace Parks Foundation
Peace Park Foundation, founded in 1997 by Dr Anton Rupert, President Nelson Mandela and Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, is an organisation that aims to re-establish, renew and conserve large ecosystems in Africa, transcending man-made boundaries by creating regionally integrated and sustainably managed networks of Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs). Peace Parks Foundation has been involved in the establishment and development of ten of the 18 TFCAs found throughout southern Africa, all of which are in various stages of development. The establishment of each TFCA, or peace park, is complex and far-reaching, and involves several phases of activity, which can take many years to achieve.

Anton Rupert
Anthony Edward Rupert OMSG (4 October 1916 – 18 January 2006) was a South African businessman and conservationist.

He was born on 4 October, 1916 and raised in the small town of Graaff-Reinet in the Eastern Cape Province of the Union of South Africa. He studied in Pretoria and ultimately moved to Stellenbosch, where he established the Rembrandt Group and where it still has its headquarters today. He died in his sleep at his home in Thibault Street, Stellenbosch at the age of 89.
Buzz Gardner
Charles "Buzz" Guarnera (March 23, 1930 – February 1, 2004) was an American trumpet and flugelhorn player. Under the name Buzz Gardner, he was a member of the original version of Frank Zappa's band the Mothers of Invention during the 1960s alongside his brother Bunk Gardner.

Burnt Weeny Sandwich
Burnt Weeny Sandwich, released in 1970, is the seventh album by the American rock band the Mothers of Invention, and the ninth overall by Frank Zappa. It consists of both studio and live recordings.

The LP included a large triple-folded black and white poster saying "The Mothers of Invention Sincerely Regret to Inform You" under multiple images of the band.
Jimmy Gurulé
Jimmy Gurulé is an American attorney, academic and government official, who is a professor at Notre Dame Law School, teaching criminal law courses. He was the first Hispanic Assistant Attorney General in the United States.

Notre Dame Law School
Notre Dame Law School is the law school of the University of Notre Dame.  Established in 1869, it is the oldest continuously operating Catholic law school in the United States.

The school enrolls about 600 students and in addition to the J.D. degree it also offers dual JD–MBA and several a dual J.D. and Masters combined degrees (including JD/MS, JD/MA, JD/M.Eng.). It also offers the only American Bar Association–approved, year-long, study-abroad program, which is based in London.
Gmina Kolbudy
Gmina Kolbudy is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kolbudy, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Pruszcz Gdański and 15 km (9 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 82.8 square kilometres (32.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,042. It is divided into 20 sołectwos. Its largest village is Kowale.

Kolbudy
Kolbudy [kɔlˈbudɨ] (German: Ober Kahlbude) is a village in Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kolbudy.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
Cruel but Necessary
Cruel but Necessary is a 2005 independent film directed by Canadian actor/film director Saul Rubinek. Actress Wendel Meldrum took a turn as a screenwriter for this project. Meldrum stars in the film as Betty Munson, a woman struggling to put her life back together after her marriage falls apart. Betty decides to secretly videotape family, friends, and others to help understand the truth of her life. Meldrum's own ex-husband Mark Humphrey and son Luke Humphrey play her onscreen ex-husband and son.

Portions of Cruel but Necessary were posted on YouTube beginning in 2007. The film was released on DVD November 11, 2008.

Saul Rubinek
Saul Hersh Rubinek is a Canadian actor, director, producer, and playwright.

He is widely known for his television roles, notably Artie Nielsen on Warehouse 13, Donny Douglas on Frasier, Lon Cohen on A Nero Wolfe Mystery, and Louis B. Mayer on The Last Tycoon. He also starred in the films Against All Odds (1984), Wall Street (1987), The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990), Unforgiven (1992), Nixon (1995), True Romance (1993), The Express (2008), Barney's Version (2010), and The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018).

Rubinek is a five-time Genie Award nominee, winning Best Supporting Actor for Ticket to Heaven (1981), and a two-time Gemini Award nominee. His directorial film debut, Jerry and Tom (1998), was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival. He was previously a stage actor and director, working with the Stratford Shakespeare Festival and Theatre Passe Muraille, and co-founding the Canadian Stage Company.
Mitsubishi Electric
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (三菱電機株式会社, Mitsubishi Denki kabushikigaisha; formerly branded as メルコ, MELCO) is a Japanese multinational electronics (appliances & consumer electronics) and electrical equipment manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company was established in 1921 as a spin-off from the electrical machinery manufacturing division of Mitsubishi Shipbuilding (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) at the Kobe Shipyard.

A member of the Mitsubishi Group, Mitsubishi Electric produces elevators and escalators, high-end home appliances, air conditioning, factory automation systems, train systems, electric motors, pumps, semiconductors, digital signage, and satellites.

Escalator
An escalator is a moving staircase which carries people between floors of a building or structure. It consists of a motor-driven chain of individually linked steps on a track which cycle on a pair of tracks which keep the step tread horizontal.

Escalators are often used around the world in places where lifts would be impractical, or they can be used in conjunction with them. Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping malls, airports, transit systems (railway/railroad stations), convention centers, hotels, arenas, stadiums and public buildings.

Escalators have the capacity to move large numbers of people. They have no waiting interval (except during very heavy traffic). They can be used to guide people toward main exits or special exhibits and may be weatherproofed for outdoor use. A non-functional escalator can function as a normal staircase, whereas many other methods of transport become useless when they break down or lose power.
British Library Philatelic Collections
The British Library Philatelic Collections is the national philatelic collection of the United Kingdom with over 8 million items from around the world. It was established in 1891 as part of the British Museum Library, later to become the British Library, with the collection of Thomas Tapling. In addition to bequests and continuing donations, the library received consistent deposits by the Crown Agency and has become a primary research collection for British Empire and international history. The collections contain a wide range of artefacts in addition to postage stamps, from newspaper stamps to a press used to print the first British postage stamps.

Thomas Tapling
Thomas Keay Tapling (30 October 1855 – 11 April 1891) was an English businessman and politician. He played first-class cricket and was also an eminent philatelist who formed one of the greatest stamp collections of his era.
It's Still a Good Life
"It's Still a Good Life" is the thirty-first episode of the 2002 revival television series  of The Twilight Zone. The episode was first broadcast on February 19, 2003, on UPN. It is a sequel to the original series episode "It's a Good Life". Bill Mumy and Cloris Leachman reprise their roles from the original episode.  Anthony Fremont's daughter, Audrey, is played by actor Bill Mumy's real life daughter Liliana Mumy. It was written by Ira Steven Behr (based on characters created by Jerome Bixby), and directed by Allan Kroeker.

The Twilight Zone (2002 TV series)
The Twilight Zone is a science fiction horror anthology television series presented by Forest Whitaker. It is the second of three revivals of Rod Serling's original 1959–64 television series. It aired for one season on the UPN network, with actor Forest Whitaker assuming Serling's role as narrator and on-screen host. It was a co-production between Spirit Dance Entertainment, Trilogy Entertainment Group, Joshmax Productions Services, and New Line Television. It premiered on September 18, 2002, and aired its final episode on May 21, 2003.
Messenger (Edwin McCain album)
Messenger is Edwin McCain's third major-label album, released on June 15, 1999. It was recorded at Tree Sound Studios & Southern Tracks in Atlanta, and Record Plant Studios in Los Angeles, and released by Lava Records.

Edwin McCain
Edwin Cole McCain (born January 20, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. He is best known for how 1998 single "I'll Be", which peaked at number 5 in the Billboard Hot 100; its 1999 follow-up, "I Could Not Ask for More", peaked within its top 40. 5 of McCain's 11 albums have entered the Billboard 200.