hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fragasso Lake
The Lac Fragasso is a freshwater body at the head of a branch leading to the Rocheuse River via Walsh Lake and lac des Alliés, flowing in Jacques-Cartier National Park. This lake is located entirely in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

The watershed of lake Fragasso is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which connects the cities of Quebec and Saguenay. A secondary road serves the northern part of the lake for the needs of forestry and recreational tourism; while forest road 12 passes south in the area between Lake Fragasso and Lake Walsh.

The main economic activity in the sector is forestry, followed by recreational tourism.

The surface of Lake Fragasso is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.

Lac des Alliés
The Lac des Alliés (English: Allied Lake) is a freshwater body crossed west by the Rocheuse River, located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

Lac des Alliés is located entirely in Jacques-Cartier National Park. It constitutes an enlargement of the Rocheuse River.

The Lac des Alliés watershed is mainly served on the east side by the route 175 which links the towns of Quebec and Saguenay. A few secondary roads serve this area for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of Lac des Alliés is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March; safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March.
Sectional curvature
In Riemannian geometry, the sectional curvature is one of the ways to describe the curvature of Riemannian manifolds. The sectional curvature K(σp) depends on a two-dimensional linear subspace σp of the tangent space at a point p of the manifold. It can be defined geometrically as the Gaussian curvature of the surface which has the plane σp as a tangent plane at p, obtained from geodesics which start at p in the directions of σp (in other words, the image of σp under the exponential map at p). The sectional curvature is a real-valued function on the 2-Grassmannian bundle over the manifold.

The sectional curvature determines the Riemann curvature tensor completely.

Curvature of Riemannian manifolds
In mathematics, specifically differential geometry, the infinitesimal geometry of Riemannian manifolds with dimension greater than 2 is too complicated to be described by a single number at a given point. Riemann introduced an abstract and rigorous way to define curvature for these manifolds, now known as the Riemann curvature tensor. Similar notions have found applications everywhere in differential geometry of surfaces and other objects.
The curvature of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold can be expressed in the same way with only slight modifications.
AA-52 machine gun
The AA-52 (full designation in French: Arme Automatique Transformable Modèle 1952, "Transformable automatic weapon model 1952") is one of the first French-produced guns of the post–World War II era. It was manufactured by the French government-owned Manufacture d'armes de Saint-Étienne (MAS) company. The AA-52 is still used today as a vehicle-mounted weapon due to large quantities in service, but has been replaced in the helicopter role by the Belgian FN MAG, starting with the EC 725 Caracal of the special operations units and the Air Force search and rescue teams. The AA-52 had been largely phased out for infantry use in favour of the lighter FN Minimi but remains in use.

FN MAG
The FN MAG (French: Mitrailleuse d'Appui Général, English: General Purpose Machine Gun, lit. 'Machine gun for general support') is a Belgian 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, designed in the early 1950s at Fabrique Nationale (FN) by Ernest Vervier. It has been used by more than 80 countries and it has been made under licence in several countries, including Argentina, Canada, Egypt, India, and the United Kingdom.

The MAG is available in three primary versions: the standard, infantry Model 60-20 machine gun, the Model 60-40 coaxial machine gun for armoured fighting vehicles, and the Model 60-30 aircraft variant.
William Owens (admiral)
William Arthur Owens (born May 8, 1940) is a retired admiral of the United States Navy and who served as the third vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1994 to 1996. Since leaving the military in 1996, he served as an executive or as a member of the board of directors of various companies, including Nortel Networks Corporation.

Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
The vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The vice chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, with the exception of the chairman, but does not have operational command authority over their service branches. The vice chairman assists the chairman in exercising their duties. In the absence of the chairman, the vice chairman presides over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and performs all other duties prescribed under 10 U.S.C. § 153 and may also perform other duties that the president, the chairman, or the secretary of defense prescribes.

The 13th and current vice chairman is General Christopher J. Mahoney, who assumed office on 1 October 2025.
KPCG-LP
KPCG-LP (101.3 FM) is a low-power FM radio station broadcasting a non-denominational Christian religious format. Licensed to Edmond, Oklahoma, United States, the station serves the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma area. The station is currently licensed to Philadelphia Church of God, Inc. and broadcasts from the campus of Herbert W. Armstrong College.

Philadelphia Church of God
The Philadelphia Church of God (PCG) is an American new religious organization. Its headquarters is in the city of Edmond, Oklahoma. The PCG is a sectarian splinter group of a new religious organization called Grace Communion International, formerly the Worldwide Church of God (WCG). Former WCG members Gerald R. Flurry and John Amos founded the PCG in 1989. The PCG was named for the church of Philadelphia, one of the "seven churches" in the Book of Revelation, and proclaims itself to be "the true church".
Partition of a set
In mathematics, a partition of a set is a grouping of its elements into non-empty subsets, in such a way that every element is included in exactly one subset.

Every equivalence relation on a set defines a partition of this set, and every partition defines an equivalence relation. A set equipped with an equivalence relation or a partition is sometimes called a setoid, typically in type theory and proof theory.

Empty set
In mathematics, the empty set or void set is the unique set having no elements; its size or cardinality (count of elements in a set) is zero. Some axiomatic set theories ensure that the empty set exists by including an axiom of empty set, while in other theories, its existence can be deduced. Many possible properties of sets are vacuously true for the empty set.

Any set other than the empty set is called non-empty.

In some textbooks and popularizations, the empty set is referred to as the "null set".  However, null set is a distinct notion within the context of measure theory, in which it describes a set of measure zero (which is not necessarily empty).
Foaming agent
A foaming agent is a material such as a surfactant or a blowing agent that facilitates the formation of foam. A surfactant, when present in small amounts, reduces surface tension of a liquid (reduces the work needed to create the foam) or increases its colloidal stability by inhibiting coalescence of bubbles. A blowing agent is a gas that forms the gaseous part of the foam.

Foam
Foams are two-phase material systems where a gas is dispersed in a second, non-gaseous material, specifically, in which gas cells are enclosed by a distinct liquid or solid material.: 6 : 4  Foam "may contain more or less liquid [or solid] according to circumstances",: 6  although in the case of gas-liquid foams, the gas occupies most of the volume.: 4

In most foams, the volume of gas is large, with thin films of liquid or solid separating the regions of gas.
2020–21 Malian Première Division
The 2020-21 Malian Première Division is the 54th season of the highest level of professional football in Mali. The championship was contested by 20 teams, starting in February 2021 and finishing in July 2021. Stade Malien were the holders going into the season following their 22nd title in the 2019-20 season, and successfully defended their title by winning the Carré d'As.

2019–20 Malian Première Division
The 2019-20 Malian Première Division was the 53rd season of the highest level of professional football in Mali, and the first complete season since the 2016 season. The championship was contested by 23 teams between August 2019 and September 2020. The championship was interrupted after 21 matchdays in March 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic, and resumed in August 2020 with the 22nd and final matchday, along with the championship and relegation play-offs. Stade Malien won their 22nd title and equalled Djoliba AC's record.
Giantess
Giantesses are female giants: either a mythical being, such as the Amazons of Greek mythology, resembling a woman of superhuman size and strength or a human woman of exceptional stature, often the result of some medical or genetic abnormality (see gigantism).

Giant
In folklore, giants (from Ancient Greek: gigas, cognate giga-) are beings of humanoid appearance, but are at times prodigious in size and strength or bear an otherwise notable appearance. The word giant is first attested in 1297 from Robert of Gloucester's chronicle. It is derived from the Gigantes (Ancient Greek: Γίγαντες) of Greek mythology.

Fairy tales such as Jack the Giant Killer have formed the modern perception of giants as dimwitted and violent ogres, sometimes said to eat humans or livestock. In more recent portrayals, like those of Jonathan Swift and Roald Dahl, some giants are both intelligent and friendly.
Novaci (Ub)
Novaci (Serbian Cyrillic: Новаци; pronounced [nɔʋǎːtsi]) is a village in the municipality of  Ub, Kolubara District, Western Serbia. The total population was 711, according to the 2011 census. The most important site in the village is the Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos, built in 1857.

Ub, Serbia
Ub (Serbian Cyrillic: Уб) is a town and municipality located in the Kolubara District of western Serbia. As of 2022, the population of the town is 6,684, while population of the municipality is 25,780 inhabitants.
Credit reference
A credit reference is information, the name of an individual, or the name of an organization that can provide details about an individual's past track record with credit. Credit rating agencies provide credit references for companies while credit bureaus provide credit references for individuals.

Other letters of credit reference might be written by banks, which would provide basic information about how long the applicant has held an account, what type of account it was, and whether there were any overdrafts or late payments noted.

Individuals and companies can carry out credit checks on businesses in order to assess their credit worthiness

Consumer credit risk
The following article is based on UK market; other countries may differ.

Consumer credit risk (also retail credit risk) is the risk of loss due to a consumer's failure or inability to repay (default) on a consumer credit product, such as a mortgage, unsecured personal loan, credit card, overdraft etc. (the latter two options being forms of unsecured banking credit).
Mac OS X Server 1.0
Mac OS X Server 1.0 is an operating system developed by Apple, Inc. released on March 16, 1999. It was the first version of Mac OS X Server.

It was Apple's first commercial product to be derived from "Rhapsody"—an eventual replacement for the classic Mac OS derived from NeXTSTEP's architecture (acquired in 1997 as part of Apple's purchase of NeXT) and BSD-like Mach kernel. It could run applications written using the "Yellow Box" API, and featured components such as NetBoot, the QuickTime Streaming Server, components carried over from NeXTSTEP, and the "Blue Box" environment (which allows a Mac OS 8.5 session to be launched as a separate process to run legacy Mac OS software).

Mac OS X Server 1.0 was a prelude to the first consumer-oriented version of the OS—Mac OS X 10.0—which was released in 2001. It did not include the eventual Aqua user interface (instead using NeXTSTEP's Workspace Manager shell mixed with aspects of Mac OS 8's "Platinum" user interface) or Carbon API.

Mac OS X Server
Mac OS X Server is a series of discontinued Unix-like server operating systems developed by Apple, based on macOS. It provided server functionality and system administration tools, and tools to manage both macOS-based computers and iOS-based devices, network services such as a mail transfer agent, AFP and SMB servers, an LDAP server, and a domain name server, as well as server applications including a Web server, database, and calendar server.

Starting with OS X Lion, Apple stopped selling a standalone server operating system, instead releasing an add-on Server app marketed as OS X Server (and later macOS Server), which was sold through the Mac App Store. The Server app lacked many features from Mac OS X Server, and later versions of the app only included functionality related to user and group management, Xsan, and mobile device management through profiles. The Server app was discontinued on April 21, 2022, and Apple said that later versions of macOS would drop support for it.
Tom Scott (basketball coach)
Tom Scott (January 6, 1908 – November 24, 1993) was a head coach of the University of North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team from 1946–1952. While at UNC, Scott amassed a record of 100–65. His last two teams at UNC had losing records and he was replaced by Frank McGuire as head coach.

A graduate of Kansas State Teachers College of Pittsburg (now Pittsburg State University) in 1930, Scott also coached at Concordia-Moorhead, 
 Central Missouri State, and Davidson College and also serving as Davidson's Athletic Director from 1955 to 1974. As AD
at Davidson he hired both Lefty Driesell and Terry Holland as head basketball coaches. He also coached the Davidson golf team to five Southern Conference championships. He was a chairman of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's basketball committee. Scott was inducted into the Davidson Athletics Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Central Missouri State Hall of Fame in 1993.

Terry Holland
Michael Terrence Holland (April 2, 1942 – February 26, 2023) was an American college athletics administrator and basketball player and coach.  Holland served as the head men's basketball coach at Davidson College from 1969 to 1974 and at the University of Virginia from 1974 to 1990, compiling a career college basketball coaching record of 418–216.  Following his retirement from coaching, Holland was the athletic director at Davidson from 1990 to 1994, at Virginia from 1994 to 2001, and at East Carolina from 2004 to 2013.
Dynamite!! 2010
Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!! 2009, with the official commentator Nozomi Sasaki, the event aired on TBS in Japan and HDNet in North America.

Dynamite!! 2009
Dynamite!! 2009 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group, held in the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan on December 31, 2009. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, Sengoku Raiden Championship, K-1, and K-1 World MAX banners. The event aired on HDNet in North America.

The event had the conclusion of the U18 K-1 KOSHIEN 62 kg Class Tournament. The Final Four, as decided from eight participants at K-1 World MAX 2009 World Championship Tournament Final in October, faced off in a one-night tournament to decide the K-1 KOSHIEN 2009 Champion.

Also, the conclusion of the DREAM Super Hulk tournament was held, continuing from the previous round which took place at Dream 11.
B. Sivakumar (admiral)
Vice Admiral B. Sivakumar, AVSM, VSM is a serving Flag officer in the Indian Navy. He currently curves as the Chief of Materiel. He earlier served as the Controller of Warship Production and Acquisition and as the Admiral Superintendent Naval Dockyard (Mumbai).

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Granville Ryrie
Major-General Sir Granville de Laune Ryrie, KCMG, CB, VD (1 July 1865 – 2 October 1937) was an Australian soldier, politician, and diplomat. He served in the Boer War and the First World War, in the latter commanding the 2nd Light Horse Brigade (1914–1918) and ANZAC Mounted Division (1918–1919). His military career overlapped with his political career in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (1906–1910) and Federal House of Representatives (1911–1927). He concluded his public service as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (1927–1932), the first time the position had been held by someone other than a former prime minister.

Major general (Australia)
Major general (abbreviated MAJGEN) is a senior rank of the Australian Army, and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of major general. It is the third-highest active rank of the Australian Army (the rank of field marshal not being held by any currently serving officer), and is considered to be equivalent to a two-star rank. A major general commands a division or the equivalent.

Major general is a higher rank than brigadier, but lower than lieutenant general. Major general is the equivalent of rear admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air vice marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force.

The insignia for a major general is the star (or 'pip') of the Order of the Bath (despite membership of the Order no longer being awarded to Australians), above a crossed Mameluke sword and baton.
Spritz (cocktail)
A spritz is a Venetian wine-based cocktail, commonly served as an apéritif across Italy. It consists of Prosecco, a mixer (usually soda water), and a flavouring ingredient, which can be a bitter liqueur, a bitter apéritif, an amaro or a syrup. The original spritz veneziano (Italian: [ˈsprits venetˈtsjaːno]) uses the bitter apéritif Select as its flavouring ingredient and was created in Venice in 1920. Popular variants include the Aperol spritz and Campari spritz, which use respectively Aperol and Campari as flavouring ingredients.

Since 2011, spritz is an IBA official cocktail, initially listed as "spritz veneziano" then simply as "spritz". The spritz became widely popular outside of Italy in the 2010s and Aperol spritz was ranked as the world's ninth bestselling cocktail in 2019 by the website Drinks International.

National Spritz Day is celebrated annually on the 1st August.

Amaro (liqueur)
Amaro (Italian for 'bitter') is an Italian herbal liqueur that is commonly consumed as an after-dinner digestif. It usually has a bitter-sweet flavour, sometimes syrupy, and has an alcoholic content between 16% and 40%.

Amaro is typically produced by macerating herbs, roots, flowers, bark, and/or citrus peels in alcohol, either neutral spirits or wine, mixing the filtrate with sugar syrup, and allowing the mixture to age in casks or bottles.

Dozens of varieties are commercially produced, the most commonly available of which are Fernet-Branca, Averna, Ramazzotti, Lucano, and Montenegro.

Many commercial bottlers trace their recipe or production to the 19th century. Recipes often originated in monasteries or pharmacies.

Amaro is typically consumed neat, sometimes with a citrus wedge. It may also be consumed on ice, with tonic water or cola-flavoured sodas, as is common in Argentina.
Claudius C. Wilson
Claudius Charles Wilson (October 1, 1831 – November 27, 1863) was a Confederate States Army colonel and brigade commander during the American Civil War. Wilson's promotion to brigadier general on November 16, 1863, was confirmed posthumously. Wilson was a lawyer and U.S. Solicitor general for eastern Georgia before the Civil War. Wilson died of a fever while in camp at Ringgold, Georgia, on November 26, 1863.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
2016 SprintX GT Championship Series
The 2016 SprintX GT Championship Series was the inaugural season of the SprintX GT Championship Series. The series was managed by WC Vision and sanctioned by the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA). On May 28, 2015 WC Vision announced it would be launching the SprintX GT Championship Series as a support series of the Pirelli World Challenge. Similar to GT races in the PWC, SprintX races had a sprint format as races were 60 minutes in length. The difference between PWC GT races and SprintX races was that SprintX races featured mandatory driver and tire changes.

GT World Challenge America
GT World Challenge America is a North American auto racing series launched in 1990 by the Sports Car Club of America. It has been managed by the SRO Motorsports Group since 2018, and has been sanctioned by the United States Auto Club since 2017.

The series functions as the highest level of SRO Motorsports America race weekends, supported by the Pirelli GT4 America, GT America, Toyota GR Cup North America, TC America, and McLaren Trophy America series. A GT World Challenge America race weekend consists of two 90 minute races held exclusively for GT3-class race cars, though it has been confirmed that the format will change to a single three hour race per weekend beginning in 2026.