hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vidyasagar Shishu Niketan
Vidyasagar Shishu Niketan is a private primary and higher secondary English-medium school in Midnapore in West Bengal, India. Established in 1975, the school is spread across two campuses in the city, and run by the Society for the Betterment of Education, a local group under the supervision of the district administration. The school is affiliated to the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations and offers the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) and the Indian School Certificate (ISC).

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations
The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) is a non-governmental privately held national-level board of school education in India that conducts the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) Examination for Class X and the Indian School Certificate (ISC) for Class XII. G. Immanuel is the current Chairman of CISCE.
Le Cercle
Le Cercle is an invitation-only foreign policy forum. Initially its focus was opposing communism and, in the 1970s and 1980s, supporting apartheid when the group had intimate ties with and funding from South Africa. The group was described by British Conservative MP Alan Clark as "an Atlanticist society of right-wing dignitaries".

As an elite conference, it is comparable to the Bilderberg meeting, but it is considered more secret and has no public and little media presence. Only selected and invited members are admitted to the meeting, and they are obliged to maintain secrecy.

Agenda items and lists of participants are not published. Members include diplomats, high-ranking politicians, journalists, businessman, intelligence agents, civil servants, members of the high nobility and other influential personalities.

Alan Clark
Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark (13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), author and diarist. He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatcher's governments at the Departments of Employment, Trade and Defence. He became a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1991.

He was the author of several books of military history, including his controversial work The Donkeys (1961), which inspired the musical satire Oh, What a Lovely War!.

Clark became known for his flamboyance, wit, irreverence and keen support of animal rights. Norman Lamont called him "the most politically incorrect, outspoken, iconoclastic and reckless politician of our times". His three-volume Alan Clark Diaries contains a candid account of political life under Thatcher and a description of the weeks preceding his death, which he continued to write until he could no longer focus on the page.
Liam Spence
Liam John Spence (born April 9, 1998) is an Australian professional baseball infielder for the Firefighters in the Banana Ball exhibition league. Spence is a member of the Australia national baseball team in the 2023 World Baseball Classic.

Banana Ball
Banana Ball, also known as the Banana Ball Championship League (BBCL or Banana League), is a barnstorming exhibition baseball league based in Savannah, Georgia. The league has played most of their games at Grayson Stadium since its inaugural season. The league has six teams: the Savannah Bananas, the Party Animals, the Firefighters, the Texas Tailgaters, the Loco Beach Coconuts and the Indianapolis Clowns, a latter revival of the original Indianapolis Clowns of Negro league baseball.
Kodiyampalayam
Kodiyampalayam (Tamil: [koɖijampaːʎajam], ISO: Koṭiyam-pāḷaiyam), is a continental island surrounded by Mangrove forests, located in Mayiladuthurai district, in Tamil Nadu, India. The island situated at the mouth of Kollidam river, a northern distributary of the Cauvery River. The island is located between the Kollidam river and Bay of Bengal.

Kodiyampalayam is part of the Kollidam block. It falls under the Sirkazhi Legislative Assembly constituency and the Mayiladuthurai parliamentary constituency.

Kollidam block
Kollidam block is a revenue block in the Sirkazhi taluk of Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu, India. The headquarters of the block is Kollidam. There are a total of 38 panchayat villages in this block. It is located 32 km towards North from District headquarters Mayiladuthurai. It is a Block headquarter.
Small nucleolar RNA Z119
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z119 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA Z119 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Plant snoRNA Z119 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
3-inch gun M5
The 3-inch gun M5 was an anti-tank gun developed in the United States during World War II. The gun combined a 3-inch (76.2 mm) barrel of the anti-aircraft gun T9 and elements of the 105 mm howitzer M2. The M5 was issued exclusively to the US Army tank destroyer battalions starting in 1943. It saw combat in the Italian Campaign and on the Western Front in Northwest Europe.

While the M5 outperformed earlier anti-tank guns in the US service, its effective employment was hindered by its heavy weight and ammunition-related issues. Losses suffered by towed TD battalions in the Battle of the Bulge and the existence of more mobile, better protected alternatives in the form of self-propelled tank destroyers led to gradual removal of the M5 from front line service in 1945.

M101 howitzer
The M101A1 (previously designated Howitzer M2A2 on Carriage M2A2) howitzer is an artillery piece developed and used by the United States. It was the standard U.S. light field howitzer in World War II and saw action in both the European and Pacific theaters and during the Korean War. Entering production in 1941, it quickly gained a reputation for accuracy and a powerful punch. The M101A1 fires 105 mm high explosive (HE) semi-fixed ammunition and has a range of 12,330 yards (11,270 m) or 7 miles, making it suitable for supporting infantry.
Craig Borten
Craig Borten (born September 16, 1965) is an American screenwriter. Borten is best known for his Oscar-nominated script for the 2013 film Dallas Buyers Club. In addition to his nomination for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, Borten also received a nomination for Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay.

Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award (also known as an Oscar) for the best screenplay not based upon previously published material; writers with "written by", "screenplay" or "story" credits are all collectively recognized as recipients for each nomination.

The category was created in 1940, and has always existed concurrently with the Best Adapted Screenplay category (conversely for films based on pre-existing intellectual properties); originally, it also co-existed with a third writing category, Best Story, which had been active since the original Academy Awards ceremony in 1929; this latter award was meant to reward specifically writers who originated a film's plot and characters rather than those who wrote the dialogue and final screenplay, although Best Story would later be merged into Best Original Screenplay in 1956.
Addisyn Merrick
Addisyn Jade Merrick (born March 4, 1998) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for USL Super League club Carolina Ascent. She played college soccer for the Kansas Jayhawks. She has previously played for the North Carolina Courage, Racing Louisville, Kansas City Current, and Utah Royals of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL).

Racing Louisville FC
Racing Louisville Football Club is an American professional soccer team based in Louisville, Kentucky, that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). Their second team plays in the USL W League. It began playing in 2021 at Lynn Family Stadium. The team is owned by Soccer Holdings LLC. The expansion team was announced on October 22, 2019. Currently, they are the only major professional team to play in the state of Kentucky.
John Linton
Commander John Wallace Linton, VC, DSO, DSC (15 October 1905 – 23 March 1943) was a Royal Navy submariner and a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Nicknamed "Tubby", he was a Rugby football forward, playing for the Royal Navy, United Services, and Hampshire County teams.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
Cynthia Rimsky
Cynthia Clara Rimsky Mitnik (born September 27, 1962) is a Chilean writer and academic currently living in Argentina.

She published her debut novel, Poste restante, in 2001. In 2024, Rimsky won the Herralde Prize for her novel Clara y confusa, becoming the first Chilean woman to receive this award.

Her work spans travelogue, autobiography, autofiction, and essays.

Premio Herralde
The Premio Herralde is a Spanish literary prize. It is awarded annually by the publishing house Anagrama to an original novel in the Spanish language. Established in 1983, the prize takes its name from Jorge Herralde, founder of Anagrama. Accompanied by a cash prize, the award is announced every year in November.
369th Signal Battalion (United States)
The 369th Signal Battalion is a United States Army Signal Battalion. It is organized under the 15th Regimental Signal Brigade at Fort Gordon, GA. As a US Army Training and Doctrine Command unit, it serves as one of two battalions which provide Advanced Individual Training (AIT) to United States Army Signal Corps recruits.

United States Army Signal Corps
The United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) is a branch of the United States Army responsible for creating and managing communications and information systems for the command and control of combined arms forces. It manages new technologies and portfolios that are eventually transferred to other U.S. government entities; such responsibilities include military intelligence, weather forecasting, and aviation.
Economic efficiency
In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts:

Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another.

Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of another good, and production proceeds at the lowest possible average total cost.

These definitions are not equivalent: a market or other economic system may be allocatively but not productively efficient, or productively but not allocatively efficient. There are also other definitions and measures. All characterizations of economic efficiency are encompassed by the more general engineering concept that a system is efficient or optimal when it maximizes desired outputs (such as utility) given available inputs.

Allocative efficiency
Allocative efficiency is a state of the economy in which production is aligned with the preferences of consumers and producers; in particular, the set of outputs is chosen so as to maximize the social welfare of society. This is achieved if every produced good or service has a marginal benefit equal to or greater than the marginal cost of production.
Dysdercus andreae
Dysdercus andreae, or St. Andrew's cotton stainer, is a species of red bug in the family Pyrrhocoridae. It is found on islands in the Caribbean Sea and in North America. The species' common name is in reference to the diagonal white cross seen on it, which resembles the Saint Andrew's Cross.

Saltire
A saltire, also called Saint Andrew's Cross or the crux decussata, is a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross. The word comes from the Middle French sautoir, Medieval Latin saltatoria ("stirrup").

From its use as field sign, the saltire came to be used in a number of flags, in the 16th century for Scotland and Burgundy, in the 18th century also as the ensign of the Russian Navy, and for Ireland. Notable 19th-century usage includes some of the flags of the Confederate States of America. It is also used in the flag of Jamaica and on seals, and as a heraldic charge in coats of arms.

The term saltirewise or in saltire refers to heraldic charges arranged as a diagonal cross. The shield may also be divided per saltire, i.e. diagonally.

A warning sign in the shape of a saltire is also used to indicate the point at which a railway line intersects a road at a level crossing.
Senate Hearing of James E. Hansen (1988)
On June 23, 1988, American climatologist James E. Hansen testified before the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources regarding global warming, during a period of high temperatures in the United States. The hearing marked one of the earliest instances in which anthropogenic climate change was prominently addressed in U.S. political and media discourse, having previously been discussed primarily in academic contexts.

United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
The United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources is a standing committee of the United States Senate. It has jurisdiction over matters related to energy and mineral resources, including nuclear development; irrigation and reclamation, territorial possessions of the United States, trust lands appertaining to America's indigenous peoples, and the conservation, use, and disposition of federal lands. Its roots go back to the Committee on Interior and Insulars Affairs. In 1977, it became the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and most matters regarding Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians were removed from its jurisdiction and transferred to the Committee on Indian Affairs.
Alireza Zakani
Alireza Zakani (Persian: علیرضا زاکانی, born 3 March 1966) is an Iranian conservative politician, current mayor of Tehran since 2021 and Special Representative of the President of Iran in Affairs of Management of Social Damages in Tehran City since 2023.

He was a member of the Parliament of Iran from 2004 to 2016 and also from 2020 to 2021. He owns Jahan News website and Panjereh Weekly.

He announced runs for presidency in 2013 and 2017 but was disqualified by Guardian Council both times. He was a candidate for the 2021 presidential election, but withdrew in favour of Ebrahim Raisi. Zakani was also a candidate in the 2024 presidential election, before also withdrawing, calling on Saeed Jalili and Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf to come to a unity agreement on a single conservative candidate.

Islamic Consultative Assembly
The Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran (Persian: مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران, romanized: Majles-e Shurâ-ye Eslâmi Iran), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the unicameral national legislative body of Iran. The parliament currently consists of 290 representatives, an increase from the previous 270 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.
Shavian alphabet
The Shavian alphabet (/ˈʃeɪviən/ SHAY-vee-ən; also known as the Shaw alphabet) is a constructed alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple, phonemic orthography for the English language to replace the inefficiencies and difficulties of conventional spelling using the Latin alphabet. It was posthumously funded by and named after the playwright George Bernard Shaw and designed by Ronald Kingsley Read, a professional signwriter and letterer.

Shaw set three main criteria for the new alphabet:

at least 40 letters (it ended up with 48, including ligatures);

as phonetic as possible (that is, letters should have a 1:1 correspondence to phonemes);

distinct from the Latin alphabet (to avoid the impression that the new spellings were simply misspellings).

Phonemic orthography
A phonemic orthography is an orthography in which the graphemes correspond consistently to the language's phonemes, or more generally to the language's diaphonemes. Phonemic orthographies have the highest possible level of orthographic depth, as they have exact grapheme to phoneme correspondence.

For a systemic analysis of the phoneme/grapheme correspondence, Petr Sgall distinguishes two conditions, both of which are to be satisfied for a phonemic orthography:

in any context, a given grapheme is pronounced as the same phoneme ("uniqueness of pronunciation")

in any context, a given phoneme is written with the same grapheme ("uniqueness of spelling")
Natore Rajbari
Natore Rajbari (also known as Pagla Raja's Palace, Natore Palace) was a royal palace in Natore, Bangladesh. It was the residence and seat of the Rajshahi Raj family of zamindars. The famous queen Rani Bhabani lived here and after the death of her husband, expanded both the estate and the palace.

Natore
Natore is a city in western Bangladesh. It is the headquarters of the Natore District. Its current administrator is Asma Shaheen. The Narod river is passing through the center of the city with pollution from upstream industrial developments flowing through.
G M Harish Balayogi
G M Harish Balayogi is an Indian politician from the Telugu Desam Party (TDP). He is a Member of Parliament in the 18th Lok Sabha, representing the Amalapuram constituency of Andhra Pradesh. He also serves as a party whip in the Lok Sabha.

He is the son of Ganti Mohana Chandra Balayogi, who served as the speaker of the 12th Lok Sabha until his untimely death in a helicopter crash. Both his father and mother have represented the Amalapuram Lok Sabha constituency as Members of Parliament. He is currently a member of the Telugu Desam Party.

Amalapuram Lok Sabha constituency
Amalapuram is one of the twenty-five lok sabha constituencies of Andhra Pradesh in India. It comprises seven assembly segments in this, six belongs to Konaseema district and  one belongs to East Godavari district.
Sérgio Marakis
Sérgio Romeu Marakis (born 11 November 1991) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.

He achieved 130 appearances and three goals in the two professional divisions of Portuguese football, where he represented Marítimo, Portimonense, União, Nacional and Cova da Piedade. He also had brief spells in Cyprus, Romania and Austria.

Portimonense S.C.
Portimonense Sporting Clube is a Portuguese sports club based in Portimão. Founded on 14 August 1914, it is most notable for its professional football team, which currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2, the second division of Portuguese football. It also fields various youth teams and a veterans team in football, as well as teams in basketball.

Located in Algarve's second largest city, its stadium, the Estádio Municipal de Portimão, has a capacity of 4,961 spectators after undergoing renovation in early 2011. The club has never won any major trophies, but it participated in the Primeira Liga for several seasons.

Portimonense's zenith was in the 1980s, a decade in which the club only played its football in the top division, also competing in the UEFA Cup in 1985–86. They have reached the semi-finals of the Taça de Portugal three times, in 1983, 1987 and 1988.
Great Lakes Central Railroad
The Great Lakes Central Railroad (reporting mark GLC) is an American regional railroad operating in the state of Michigan. It was originally called the Tuscola and Saginaw Bay Railway (reporting mark TSBY), which was formed on August 26, 1977, to operate over former Penn Central lines from Millington to Munger, and from Vassar to Colling. TSBY's name was derived from the three counties it operated in: Tuscola, Saginaw and Bay.

Vassar, Michigan
Vassar is a city in Tuscola County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Founded March 1, 1849. The population was 2,727 at the 2020 census and 2,697 in 2010 (an increase of about 1.1%). The city is located on the western edge of Vassar Township but is administratively autonomous.
Monmouth in the Mesolithic period
The discovery of artefacts at two excavation sites in 2010 revealed human settlement at Monmouth in the Mesolithic period. The artefacts uncovered by archaeologists at St James' Square and Wyebridge Street included charcoal, flints, and bone fragments. The discovery has led to the conclusion that the site of Monmouth, adjoining the confluence of the rivers Monnow and Wye in south east Wales, was inhabited thousands of years earlier than previously believed.

River Wye
The River Wye (/waɪ/; Welsh: Afon Gwy [ɡʊɨ̯]) is the fourth-longest river in the UK, stretching some 250 kilometres (155 miles) from its source on Plynlimon in Mid Wales to the Severn Estuary.  The lower reaches of the river form part of the border between England and Wales. The Wye Valley (lower part) is designated a National Landscape (formerly an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty). The Wye is important for nature conservation and recreation, but is affected by pollution.
Giacomo Perolini
Giacomo Perolini (born ..., died July 17, 2005) was an Italian physician, photographer and art historian, known for his works on Novarese.

Active for over thirty years as a general practitioner in the Lower Novara area, he distinguished himself for his passion for art history and photography, particularly Romanesque art. He collaborated with museums and scholars, leaving a photographic archive of more than 30,000 images and contributing to publications and exhibitions of both local and national significance.

Romanesque art
Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later depending on region. The preceding period is known as the Pre-Romanesque period. The term was invented by 19th-century art historians, especially for Romanesque architecture, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style – most notably round-headed arches, but also barrel vaults, apses, and acanthus-leaf decoration – but had also developed many very different characteristics.

In southern France, Spain, and Italy there was an architectural continuity with the Late Antique, but the Romanesque style was the first style to spread across the whole of Catholic Europe, from Sicily to Scandinavia. Romanesque art was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting, and by the anti-classical energy of the decoration of the Insular art of the British Isles. From these elements was forged a highly innovative and coherent style.