hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martone
Martone (Calabrian: Màrtuni) is a comune in the former province of Reggio Calabria, in the Calabria region of southern Italy. The town was founded between the 7th and 8th centuries by Greek Christian monks from the Byzantine Empire, particularly from the regions around the Aegean Sea and the Levant.

Martone, like many communes in the Locride area, was part of a larger group of comuni, all founded by Greek monks.

Within the Grotto territory (which includes the municipalities of Mammola, Martone, and St. Giovanni di Gerace) are small monastic churches that still preserve traces of Byzantine art. In addition to preserving historical relics, these monasteries were instrumental in promoting agriculture and trades. They were involved in reforestation, land reclamation, and cultivation, which helped establish the first artisanal activities during the Byzantine period.

Mammola
Mammola is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria.

Mammola borders the following municipalities: Agnana Calabra, Canolo, Cinquefrondi, Galatro, Giffone, Grotteria, San Giorgio Morgeto, Siderno.
Mosab Abu Toha
Mosab Abu Toha (Arabic: مصعب أبو توهة, romanized: Muṣʿab Abū Tūha; born 17 November 1992) is a Palestinian writer, poet, scholar, and librarian from the Gaza Strip. His debut book of poetry, Things You May Find Hidden in My Ear (2022) won the Palestine Book Award and an American Book Award. It was also a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Walcott Prize for Poetry.

Abu Toha is the founder of the Edward Said Library, Gaza's first English-language library. He was detained by the Israeli army in November 2023 when he was trying to flee to Egypt with his family. He was later released after being questioned and has since worked as a chronicler of the war from afar. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary in 2025 for his portrayal of the Gaza war in The New Yorker.

Pulitzer Prize for Commentary
The Pulitzer Prize for Commentary is an award administered by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism "for distinguished commentary, using any available journalistic tool". It is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. It has been presented since 1970 (1970). Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily with two others beside the winner.
Ferrari F12
The Ferrari F12berlinetta (Type F152) is a front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive grand tourer produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari. The F12berlinetta debuted at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show, and replaced the 599 grand tourer. The naturally aspirated 6.3 litre Ferrari V12 engine used in the F12berlinetta won the 2013 International Engine of the Year Award in the Best Performance category and Best Engine above 4.0 litres. The F12berlinetta was named "The Supercar of the Year 2012" by car magazine Top Gear. The F12berlinetta was replaced by the 812 Superfast in early 2017.

In 2014, the F12berlinetta was awarded the XXIII Premio Compasso d'Oro ADI. Accepting the award was Ferrari's Senior Vice President of Design, Flavio Manzoni.

V12 engine
A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines.

The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in racing boats. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of power, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, after which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s.

Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars.
Semantic amnesia
Semantic amnesia is a type of amnesia that affects semantic memory and is primarily manifested through difficulties with language use and acquisition, recall of facts and general knowledge. A patient with semantic amnesia would have damage to the temporal lobe.

Temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.

The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association.: 21 
Temporal refers to the head's temples.
Felix Zafra
Felix Sanchez Zafra (January 14, 1920 – August 4, 2002) was a Filipino prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the fourth Bishop of Tagbilaran. and the 2nd native of Bohol consecrated as a bishop—the first being his principal consecrator, Bishop Manuel Mascariñas y Morgia. In his previous post, Zafra served as the first Bishop of Dipolog (1967–1986). He was later appointed Bishop of Tagbilaran, serving until his retirement on April 21, 1992.

Diocese of Tagbilaran
The Diocese of Tagbilaran is a Latin Catholic ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines, headquartered in Tagbilaran, Bohol. It is one of two dioceses in the province of Bohol, the other being the Diocese of Talibon. Both dioceses are suffragan to the Archdiocese of Cebu. The see is currently sede vacante (since 16 July 2025). Currently headed by Fr. Gerardo Saco Jr. as Diocesan Administrator.
2023 Portage—Lisgar federal by-election
A by-election was held in the federal riding of Portage—Lisgar in Manitoba, Canada on June 19, 2023, following the resignation of Conservative MP Candice Bergen.

The by-election was held on the same day as three others; Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount, Oxford and Winnipeg South Centre. It resulted in the landslide victory of Conservative Branden Leslie, in what many analysts described as a test for both the Tories and Maxime Bernier's People's Party of Canada, the latter of which got 21% of the vote in this riding in 2021, their best nationwide. After the by-election, Bernier announced his intentions to run in the riding again in the next federal election, though acknowledging that the result had not been desirable for him. In 2025, Bernier announced that he would instead contest the Quebec riding of Beauce where he previously served as MP until 2019.

Beauce (electoral district)
Beauce (French pronunciation: [bos] ⓘ) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada. In had a population of 111,035 people as of the 2021 census. During the 2025 federal election, it had a voter roll of 88,888 eligible voters.

Beauce is one of only four electoral districts that has been continually represented in the House of Commons of Canada since Confederation in 1867 with the same electoral district name, the other three being :

Shefford in the Eastern Townships, Quebec

Simcoe North in central Ontario

Halifax in Nova Scotia, a duo-member district in all elections up to 1965
Massacres of Azerbaijanis in Armenia (1917–1921)
In the aftermath of World War I and during the Armenian–Azerbaijani and Russian Civil wars, there were mutual massacres committed by Armenians and Azerbaijanis against each other. A significant portion of the Muslim population (mostly Tatars) of the Erivan Governorate were displaced during the internecine conflict by the government of Armenia. Starting in 1918, Armenian partisans expelled thousands of Azerbaijani Muslims in Zangezur and destroyed their settlements in an effort to "re-Armenianize" the region. These actions were cited by Azerbaijan as a reason to start a military campaign in Zangezur. Ultimately, Azerbaijan took in and resettled tens of thousands of Muslim refugees from Armenia. The total number of killed is unknown.

Erivan Governorate
The Erivan Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its centеr in Erivan (present-day Yerevan). Its area was 27,830 sq. kilometеrs, roughly corresponding to what is now most of central Armenia, the Iğdır Province of Turkey, and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan. At the end of the 19th century, it bordered the Tiflis Governorate to the north, the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east, the Kars Oblast to the west, and Persia and the Ottoman Empire to the south. Mount Ararat and the fertile Ararat Valley were included in the center of the province.

In 1828, the khanates of Erivan and the Nakhichevan were annexed from Persia by the Russian Empire through the Treaty of Turkmenchay. The newly annexed territories were incorporated into a single administrative unit known as the Armenian Oblast. In 1849, the oblast was reorganized into a governorate.
Ramsaran
Ramsaran is an Indian politician and a member of the Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh in India. He represents the Sri Nagar constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Samajwadi Party political party. Ramsaran belongs to the scheduled caste community.

16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a. Sixteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 15 March 2012 as a result of 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 8 Feb to 3 March 2012. The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly has total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member) against a total strength of 404 members.
Morin River
The Morin river is a tributary of the Rivière aux Écorces, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The course of the Morin River crosses the northwestern part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.

The small Morin River valley is located near route 169. This valley is also served by some secondary forest roads, especially for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the Morin River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.

Laurentides Wildlife Reserve
Réserve faunique des Laurentides (transl. Laurentides Wildlife Reserve), also known by its former name of parc des Laurentides, is a wildlife reserve in Quebec, Canada, located between Quebec City and the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region. This reserve is part of the network of wildlife reserves of Quebec (Canada) managed by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Quebec) and the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec. It is located halfway between Saguenay and Quebec.

The territory of the reserve (7,861 square kilometres (3,035 sq mi)) has over 2000 lakes and many summits of over 1000 meters. The reserve is known by outdoor enthusiasts for hunting and fishing.
Asante-Akim Central (Ghana parliament constituency)
Asante-Akim Central is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Asante-Akim Central is located in the Asante Akim North district of the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The member of parliament for the constituency is Kwame Anyimadu-Antwi.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
U8 small nucleolar RNA
In molecular biology, U8 small nucleolar RNA (also known as SNORD118) is the RNA component of a small RNA:protein complex (the U8 snoRNP) which is required for biogenesis of mature large subunit ribosomal RNAs, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs.

More specifically, U8 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA U8 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

U8 RNA genes have been identified in human, mouse, rat and the amphibian Xenopus laevis.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips
The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips is a British children's novel written by Michael Morpurgo, and illustrated by Michael Foreman. It was originally published in Great Britain by HarperCollins in 2005. The novel is set in Slapton, Devon during World War II, and is partly based on Exercise Tiger, the true story of a botched military training exercise carried out by the United States Army as a rehearsal for D-Day, which left 946 soldiers and sailors dead.

The novel was shortlisted for a Blue Peter Book Award, and was also shortlisted for a Red House Children's Book Award. In 2015, the book was adapted by Morpurgo and Emma Rice into a stage play, titled 946: The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips

Slapton, Devon
Slapton is a village and civil parish in the South Hams district of Devon, England. It is located near the A379 road between Kingsbridge and Dartmouth, and lies within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The nearby beach is Slapton Sands; despite its name, it is not a sandy beach but a shingle one.

In 1901 the population of the civil parish was 527, decreasing to 473 in 2001, and decreasing further to 434 at the 2011 census. The parish is surrounded clockwise from the north by the parishes of Blackawton, Strete, Stokenham and East Allington.
Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy
Congenital hereditary corneal dystrophy (CHED) is a form of corneal endothelial dystrophy that presents at birth.

CHED was previously subclassified into two subtypes: CHED1 and CHED2. However in 2015, the International Classification of Corneal Dystrophies (IC3D) renamed the condition "CHED1" to become posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, and renamed the condition "CHED2" to become, simply, CHED. Consequently, the scope of this article is restricted to the condition currently referred to as CHED

Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy
Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy  (PPCD; sometimes also Schlichting dystrophy) is a type of corneal dystrophy, characterised by changes in Descemet's membrane and endothelial layer. Symptoms mainly consist of decreased vision due to corneal edema. In some cases they are present from birth, other patients are asymptomatic. Histopathological analysis shows that the cells of endothelium have some characteristics of epithelial cells and have become multilayered. The disease was first described in 1916 by Koeppe as keratitis bullosa interna.
Brooklyn Moors
Brooklyn Chloe Moors (born February 23, 2001) is a retired Canadian artistic gymnast who competed at the 2020 Olympic Games and represented Canada at the 2017, 2018, and 2019 World Championships. At the 2017 World Championships, she became the first Canadian to win the Longines Prize for Elegance. She is the 2019 Pan American Games champion on the floor exercise and the silver medalist with the team. She is also the 2017 Pan American champion on the floor exercise. She competed for the UCLA Bruins in collegiate gymnastics from 2022 until 2025.

Gymnastics at the 2019 Pan American Games
Gymnastics competitions at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru were held between July 27 and August 5, 2019 at the Polideportivo Villa El Salvador, which also hosted the karate competitions.

The artistic competitions took place between July 27 and 31. The rhythmic competition took place between August 2 and 5. The trampoline competition took place between August 4 and 5.

24 medal events were contested; 14 in artistic gymnastics (eight for men, six for women), eight in rhythmic (all for women), and 2 in trampoline (one per gender). A total of 195 gymnasts competed: 120 in artistic (60 per gender), 51 in rhythmic, and 24 in trampoline (12 per gender).
Charlie Miller
Charles Miller (born 18 March 1976) is a Scottish retired footballer. He started his career at Rangers, and was voted the SPFA Young Player of the Year in 1995 during his time with the club. After spells with English Premier League clubs Leicester City and Watford, Miller joined Dundee United in 2000 where he played for four seasons.

Miller played for Norwegian club SK Brann from 2004 to 2006 and won the Norwegian Cup with the club in 2004. After spells in Belgium and Australia, he returned to Scotland in 2011 when he joined Clyde.

PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year
The PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year, formerly known as the Scottish PFA Young Player of the Year, is named at the end of every Scottish football season. The members of the Professional Footballers' Association Scotland vote on which of its young members played the best football in the previous year. The award was first given in 1978, to Graeme Payne. The Bulgarian international Stiliyan Petrov was the first non-Scottish player to win the award, when he did so in
Chyabrung
The Chyabrung also Kay/Ke in Limbu language is a traditional drum of the Limbu community in Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling hills and Northeast India.The Chyabrung is a hollow, oblong, wooden drum about a two meters in diameter and two feet in length. The drum is strung around the neck with a cord at stomach height and played during auspicious festivals Chasok Tangnam of the Limbu community.

Chasok Tangnam
Chasok Tangnam is a festival of the Limbu people which falls on a full moon day of the month of Senchengla or the Mangsir month of the Nepali calendar. The festival is marked with the first harvest being offered to God Yuma Sammang and other deities and exchanging cordiality with each other.
Rafał Gan-Ganowicz
Rafał Gan-Ganowicz (23 April 1932 – 22 November 2002) was a Polish soldier-in-exile, mercenary, journalist, member of the National Council of Poland, and political and social activist, dedicating his life to anti-communism.

National Council of Poland
National Council of Poland (Polish: Rada Narodowa Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) was a consulting and expert body of the Polish government in exile and Polish president. The first council was formed in December 1939 and was disbanded in  July 1941 in protest to the signing of the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement. It was reactivated in February 1942, but disbanded again in March 1945 after the Yalta Conference. The third and last council was formed in 1949, and finally disbanded, together with the entire government-in-exile, after the fall of communism in Poland, in 1991.
Baby Steps (manga)
Baby Steps (Japanese: ベイビーステップ, Hepburn: Beibī Suteppu) is a Japanese manga series by Hikaru Katsuki. It was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from October 2007 to November 2017, with its chapters collected in 47 tankōbon volumes. The story is centered on Eiichirō Maruo, a first year honor student who one day decides that he is lacking exercise. He then joins the Southern Tennis Club (STC) where he begins his tennis journey.

The manga was adapted into a 25-episode anime television series by studio Pierrot, which was broadcast on NHK-E from April to September 2014. A  25-episode second season was broadcast from April to September 2015.

In 2014, Baby Steps won the 38th Kodansha Manga Award in the shōnen category.

Studio Pierrot
Studio Pierrot Co., Ltd. (株式会社スタジオぴえろ, Kabushiki-gaisha Sutajio Piero), known as Pierrot Co., Ltd. between 2002 and 2025, is a Japanese animation studio established in May 1979 by Yuji Nunokawa, Hisayuki Toriumi, Mitsuo Kaminashi and Masami Annou, previously animators for Tatsunoko Production and Mushi Production. Its headquarters are located in Mitaka, Tokyo. Pierrot is renowned for several worldwide popular anime series, such as Naruto, Bleach, Tokyo Ghoul, Tokyo Underground, YuYu Hakusho, Mr. Osomatsu, Black Clover, Boruto: Naruto Next Generations, Ghost Stories, Great Teacher Onizuka, and Gensomaden Saiyuki. Aside from animation production, the company also handles character licensing.

Yu Yu Hakusho and Saiyuki, two of the company's anime series, won the Animage Anime Grand Prix Award in 1994 and 1995, and 2000, respectively.
South Park, Houston
South Park is a broad post-World War II development in the south-central area of  Houston, Texas, a few miles south of MacGregor Park and directly south of the 610 Loop. According to the 2000 Census, the community has a population of 22,282. 81% of the South Park population is African American, compared to 25% for the city as a whole. Houston's Martin Luther King Boulevard (formerly South Park Boulevard) runs through the area.  Reflecting its postwar origins, many streets in South Park are named after World War II battle sites and persons. In the 1980s and 1990s crime became a key issue for South Park. Katharine Shilcutt of the Houston Press said "South Park is an overgrown garden these days, its soil only able to be tilled by the most determined or the most desperate. It shows no sign that it will grow again any time in the near future."

Interstate 610 (Texas)
Interstate 610 (I-610) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway that forms a 37.972-mile-long (61.110 km) loop around the inner city sector of the city of Houston, Texas. I-610, colloquially known as The Loop, Loop 610, The Inner Loop, or just 610, traditionally marks the border between the inner city of Houston ("inside the Loop") and its surrounding areas. It is the innermost of the three Houston beltways, the other two being Beltway 8 (Sam Houston Parkway/Tollway) and State Highway 99 (SH 99; Grand Parkway), of which various segments are under construction or planning. In Houston, the area inside I-610 is the urban core. Jeff Balke of the Houston Press wrote that the freeway "is as much a social and philosophical divide as a physical one". Mike Snyder in the Houston Chronicle wrote that, as someone from inside I-610, he historically felt "kind of special" due to being close to "the city's historical core and its major business, educational and cultural institutions".
2025–26 Liga 4 South Sumatra
The 2025–26 Liga 4 South Sumatra will be the second season of Liga 4 South Sumatra after the change in the structure of Indonesian football competition and serves as a qualifying round for the national phase of the 2025–26 Liga 4.

PS Palembang are the defending champions but will not be able to defend their title as they're not participating in this season.

2025–26 Liga 4
The 2025–26 Liga 4 is the second season of the Liga 4, the fourth tier in the Indonesian football league system and the only amateur competition within the structure. The competition is organized by the PSSI Regency or City Associations during the regency or city phase, by the PSSI Provincial Associations during the provincial phase, and by the PSSI during the national phase.