hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barlas
The Barlas (Mongolian: Barulās; Chagatai Turkic/Persian: برلاس Barlās; also Berlās) were a Mongol tribal confederation clan, which later became Turkified in Central Asia, forming a nomadic confederation. They were a sub-clan of the Borjigin, emerged within the Khamag Mongol confederation in present-day Mongolia in the early to mid-12th century, and traced their military roots to one of the elite regiments of the Mongol Empire’s Kheshig guard. The Barlas spawned as one imperial dynasties with two major empires in Asia: the Timurid Empire in Central Asia and Persia; and its later branch, the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent.

Chagatai language
Chagatai (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), is a Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Eastern Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc. Chagatai is the direct ancestor of the Uzbek and Uyghur languages. Kazakh and Turkmen, which are not within the Karluk branch but are in the Kipchak and Oghuz branches of the Turkic languages respectively, were nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.

Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.
The Raid (1991 film)
The Raid (Cantonese: 財叔之橫掃千軍 Coi Suk Zi Waang Sou Cin Gwan = "Uncle's Sweeping Thousands") is a 1991 Hong Kong action film directed by Tsui Hark and Ching Siu-tung and based on the Hong Kong manhua, Uncle Choi, published by Michael Hui from 1958 to the mid-1970s. The film stars Dean Shek, who also served as the film's presenter, as the titular protagonist, while also co-starring Jacky Cheung, Tony Leung, Joyce Godenzi, Fennie Yuen, Paul Chu and Corey Yuen. The Raid is also Shek's final acting role before retiring from the film industry.

Tony Leung Ka-fai
Tony Leung Ka-fai (simplified Chinese: 梁家辉; traditional Chinese: 梁家輝; born 1 February 1958) is a Hong Kong actor who is a four-time winner of the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor.

As he is often confused with actor Tony Leung Chiu-wai, Tony Leung Ka-fai is known as "Big Tony", while Tony Leung Chiu-wai is known as "Little Tony", nicknames which correspond to the actors' respective age and physical statures.
Two Nations theory
The Two Nations theory can refer to:

Two-Nation Theory, the view that Muslims and Hindus in Colonial India were separate nations

Two nations theory (Ireland), the view that the Northern Ireland Protestants are a distinct Irish nation

Deux nations or Two Solitudes (Canadian society), the view that French and English Canada are separate nations

One Country on Each Side, the view that the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (or alternatively, Taiwan itself) are two different countries, (namely "One China, one Taiwan"), as opposed to two separate political entities within the same country of "China".

Two Chinas
The concept of  Two Chinas refers to the political divide between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). Founded in 1912, the ROC governed mainland China until the Chinese Communist Party established the PRC in 1949, forcing the ROC to retreat to Taiwan after losing the Chinese Civil War. Both are rival governments claiming to be the sole legitimate authority over all of China (One China), encompassing mainland China and Taiwan, and neither recognises the other’s legitimacy.

Today, they operate as separate entities with different political systems and ideologies. The differences between the two Chinas are stark, with the PRC being a one-party communist state and the ROC a multi-party democracy after transitioning from one-party military rule. Both regions maintain separate diplomatic relations.
Small nucleolar RNA J26
In molecular biology, the Small nucleolar RNA J26 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in rice (Oryza sativa) which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

J26 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
Rick Bennett
Eric John "Rick" Bennett (born July 24, 1967) is an American former ice hockey left winger and former head coach of the Savannah Ghost Pirates. He is the former head coach of the Union Garnet Chargers men's ice hockey team of Union College, where he coached from 2011 until 2022. He played 15 games in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers over three seasons from 1990 to 1991. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1990 to 1999, was spent in the minor leagues.

Union Garnet Chargers men's ice hockey
The Union Garnet Chargers ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's college ice hockey program that represents Union College. The Garnet Chargers are a member of ECAC Hockey. They play at the new M&T Bank Center by the Mohawk River in Schenectady, New York.  The Garnet Chargers (known as the Dutchmen at the time) won the 2014 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament by defeating the Minnesota Golden Gophers 7–4.
38 Virginis b
38 Virginis b is a super-Jupiter exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the star 38 Virginis about 108.5 light-years (33.26 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation Virgo.  The exoplanet was found by using the radial velocity method, from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.

Doppler spectroscopy
Doppler spectroscopy (also known as the radial-velocity method, or colloquially, the wobble method) is an indirect method for finding extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.
As of January 2026, over 1,100 known extrasolar planets (about 19.0% of the total) have been discovered using Doppler spectroscopy.
Fatou Kanteh
Fatoumata Kanteh (born 8 May 1997), also known as Fatou, is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or forward for Liga F club Sevilla. Born in Spain, she represents The Gambia at international level. She also plays for the unaffiliated Catalonia national team.

Gambia women's national football team
The Gambia women's national football team (recognized at The Gambia by FIFA) represents the Gambia in international women's football. It is governed by the Gambia Football Federation. As of December 2019, it has only competed in one major international competition, the 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations qualification. The Gambia has two youth teams, an under-17 side that has competed in FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup qualifiers, and an under-19 side that withdrew from regional qualifiers for an under-19 World Cup. The development of a national team faces challenges similar to those across Africa, although the national football association has four staff members focusing on women's football.
Zminičko Lake
Zminičko Lake (Serbo-Croatian: Zminičko jezero / Зминичко језеро) is a glacial lake situated on the northern periphery of the Sinjajevina mountain massif in Montenegro. While often mistakenly grouped with the lakes of the nearby Durmitor National Park, it is located at the point where the slopes of Sinjajevina's branches, Kučajevica and Šarigora. It is named after the village of Zminica where it is located.

Durmitor
Durmitor (Montenegrin: Дурмитор, pronounced [durmǐtɔr] or [dǔrmitɔr]) is a massif located in northwestern Montenegro. It is part of the Dinaric Alps. Its highest peak, Bobotov Kuk, reaches a height of 2,523 meters (8,278 ft).

The massif is limited by the Tara River Canyon on the north, the Piva River Canyon on the west, and by the Komarnica River Canyon on the south. To the east, the Durmitor opens to a 1,500 m (4,921 ft) high plateau, called Jezerska površ (Plateau of Lakes). Mount Sinjavina is located to the east of the Jezerska površ plateau. The Durmitor is for the most part located in the Žabljak municipality.

The massif gives its name to the national park that comprises it. Durmitor National Park was founded in 1952, and designated as a World Heritage Site in 1980.
Pen Pals (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Pen Pals" is the fifteenth episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 41st episode overall, it was first broadcast on May 1, 1989.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D.  In this episode, Acting Ensign Wesley Crusher learns to manage a science team, and in the primary plot, focusing on Starfleet's Prime Directive, Data helps a young girl on a troubled planet.

USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D), or Enterprise-D, to distinguish it as the fifth Federation vessel with the same name, is a fictional starship in the Star Trek media franchise. Under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, it is the main setting of Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1994) and the film Star Trek Generations (1994). It has also been depicted in various spinoffs, films, books, and licensed products.

The Next Generation occurs in the 24th century, beginning 94 years after the adventures in the original Star Trek (1966–1969). Andrew Probert's Enterprise-D updates Matt Jefferies' iconic 1960s Enterprise design, depicting a ship supporting a larger crew on a longer mission "to boldly go where no one has gone before."
Jamal Arab Yusuf
Brig Gen Jamal Arab Yusuf Jibril (Arabic: جمال عرب يوسف) is a Somali politician and military official who was served as Director of the Puntland TV and Radio, He was appointed and replaces Abdiqafar Elmi Hange as the Puntland Minister of Planning and succeeded by Mohamed Said Farole. He is currently serving as the Director general of the Puntland Intelligence Agency.

Ministry of Planning Economic Development and International Cooperation
The Ministry of Planning Economic Development and International Cooperation MoPEDIC or MoPIC (Somali: Wasaaradda Qorshaynta, Horumarinta Dhaqaalaha iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ee Puntland; Arabic: وزارة التخطيط والتنمية الاقتصادية والتعاون الدولي) is government ministry and was established in 1998 as a directorate of Puntland Bank system. In August 2001 the ministry has been structured and changed the previous name into the Ministry of Planning and International cooperation instead of directorate, in 2003-2005 the Ministry was renamed as the Ministry of Planning and statistics, then in 2006 it was named again as the Ministry of planning and international cooperation.
Elk Lakes cabin
The Elk Lakes cabin is an alpine hut located between the French and Italian Military Groups in the Canadian Rockies. It resides near the Continental Divide in Elk Lakes Provincial Park, British Columbia. It is 62 km south of the Trans-Canada Highway in Kananaskis Country, Alberta and 104 km north of Sparwood, British Columbia. The area has hiking trails, and provides access to mountaineering objectives. In winter, ice climbs and skiing terrain with much powder abound. Elk Lakes terrain is similar to that near the Elizabeth Parker hut. The hut is maintained by the Alpine Club of Canada.

The cabin offers easy access and a wide range of hiking, skiing and climbing opportunities. In 2019, BC Parks created a competitive bidding process for operating the cabin.

Elk Lakes Provincial Park
Elk Lakes Provincial Park is a provincial park in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located west of the continental divide (the British Columbia/Alberta border). It is located adjacent to Height of the Rockies Provincial Park and is about 104 kilometers north of Sparwood. The park features sub-alpine landscapes, remnant glaciers, rugged peaks and productive lakes.
Siege of Ani (1161)
The siege of Ani was the unsuccessful siege of the city of Ani, by the Seljukid coalition arranged by the ruler of Shah-Armens in 1161. The large Muslim army was defeated by the Georgian King George III at the gates of Ani.

Shah-Armens
The Shah-Armens (lit. 'Kings of Armenia', Turkish: Ermenşahlar), also known as Ahlatshahs (lit. 'Rulers of Ahlat', Turkish: Ahlatşahlar) or Begtimurids, was a Turkoman Sunni Muslim dynasty founded after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) and centred in Ahlat on the northwestern shore of the Lake Van. This region comprised most of modern-day Bitlis and Van, and parts of Muş provinces.
Fortis FC
Fortis Football Club (Bengali: ফর্টিস ফুটবল ক্লাব) is a Bangladeshi professional football club based in Badda, Dhaka. They compete in the Bangladesh Football League, the top flight of Bangladesh football, having gained promotion as the 2021–22 Bangladesh Championship League winners.

Despite being based in Dhaka, the club gives priority to players from Chittagong Division as majority of its owners are from the port city. The club also runs the Fortis Academy Team, which competes in the Bangladesh Championship League.

Bangladesh Football League
The Bangladesh Football League (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ফুটবল লিগ), simply known as the BFL, is the top tier of the Bangladeshi football league system. It is run by the Bangladesh Football Federation (BFF). The Dhaka derby between Dhaka Abahani and Mohammedan is one of the league's most popular matches.

The BFL superseded the Dhaka Premier Division League which had functioned as the top tier from 1948 to 2006. The league name was changed from Bangladesh Premier League to Bangladesh Football League in 2025 because the spelling clashed with the similarly-named cricket league.
Hilary Lappin-Scott
Hilary Margaret Lappin-Scott OBE FLS FLSW PFHEA FAAM FRSB (born 1955) is a British microbiologist whose field of research is microbial biofilms. In 2009 Hilary was elected as the second female President of the Society for General Microbiology (SGM) in 70 years and served in this role until 2012. In September 2019 she was elected as President of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS), being the first President from the UK.

She has also been President of the International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME) at the same time, serving two terms in this role (2006-2010). She is currently Pro-Vice Chancellor for Strategic Development and External Relations at Swansea University. Hilary received the honour of Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2018 New Year Honours list.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
2022–23 figure skating season
The 2022–23 figure skating season began on July 1, 2022, and ended on June 30, 2023. During this season, elite skaters competed at the ISU (International Skating Union) Championship level at the 2023 European Championships, Four Continents Championships, World Junior Championships, and World Championships. They also competed at elite events such as the ISU Challenger Series as well as the Grand Prix and Junior Grand Prix series, culminating at the Grand Prix Final.

On March 1, 2022, the International Skating Union banned all figure skaters and officials from Russia and Belarus from attending any international competitions following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The season was the first under newly elected ISU President Kim Jae-youl and ISU Vice President for Figure Skating Benoît Lavoie.

2023 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2023 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships were held from February 7–12, 2023, at the Broadmoor World Arena in Colorado Springs, Colorado, in the United States. Held annually since 1999 (except for 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), the competition featured skaters from the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Nations from non-European countries could send three entries at most for every discipline.
Ralph Churches
Ralph Churches BEM (22 November 1917 – 18 October 2014) was an Australian army private who planned and carried out the biggest and most successful POW escape of World War II. One of eight children, Ralph was a 22-year-old bank teller when he enlisted in the Second Australian Imperial Force's 2/48th Battalion on 14 June 1940.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Vuosaari sports ground
Vuosaari sports ground (Finnish: Vuosaaren urheilukenttä, also known as Heteniitty) is a football and athletics ground in Vuosaari, Helsinki. It is the home ground of the East Helsinki football club FC Viikingit, who play in the Finnish first division (Ykkönen). In addition, the athletics field is used by Viipurin Urheilijat. The ground currently has a capacity of approximately 1,500 spectators, but it was expanded to 3,500 seats in the 2007 season, when Viikingit played in the Finnish premier division.

The ground is also called Heteniitty due to its location along Heteniityntie. Nicknames include Hettari and Monttu ('the Pit'), the latter derived from the shape of the ground and the fact that it was built in the location of a former borrow pit.

Veikkausliiga
Veikkausliiga (Finnish: [ˈʋei̯kːɑusˌliːɡɑ]) is a professional association football league in Finland and the highest level of the Finnish football league system. The league comprises the top 12 clubs of the country. Its main sponsor is the Finnish national betting agency Veikkaus, hence the league's name. Veikkausliiga was founded in 1990; before that the top division was called Mestaruussarja (championship series) since 1930 which was an amateur or semi-professional league. Between 1908 and 1930 the championship was decided as a knock-out cup competition.
Houston Alternative Art
The Houston Alternative Art chronology was originally compiled by Caroline Huber and The Art Guys for the exhibition catalogue No Zoning: Artists Engage Houston, which was published by the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston (CAMH) to accompany the group show of the same name. The exhibition was on view at CAMH from May 9-October 4, 2009. No Zoning: Artists Engage Houston was co-curated by Toby Kamps and Meredith Goldsmith and featured projects by twenty-one Houston artists using the city as inspiration, material, and site. This chronology documents Houston's alternative art scene.

Contemporary Arts Museum Houston
Contemporary Arts Museum Houston is a not-for-profit institution in the Museum District, Houston, Texas, founded in 1948,
dedicated to presenting contemporary art to the public.

As a non-collecting museum, it strives to provide a forum for visual arts of the present and recent past and document new directions in art, while engaging the public and encouraging a greater understanding of contemporary art through education programs.

Contemporary Arts Museum Houston opened in 1972, in a building designed by Gunnar Birkerts.
Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps
The settlement of the Eastern Alps region by early Slavs took place during the 6th to 8th centuries CE. 
It formed part of the southward expansion of early Slavs which would result in the South Slavic group, and would ultimately result in the ethnogenesis of present-day Slovenes.
The Eastern Alpine territories concerned comprise modern-day Slovenia, Eastern Friuli, in modern-day northeast Italy, and large parts of modern-day Austria (Carinthia, Styria, East Tyrol, Lower Austria and Upper Austria).

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
Torbjörn Tännsjö
Ulf Torbjörn Harald Tännsjö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈtǔːrbjœɳ ˈtɛ̂nːɧøː]; born 13 December 1946 in Västerås) is a Swedish professor of philosophy and public intellectual. He has held a chair in Practical Philosophy at Stockholm University since 2002 and he is Affiliated Professor of Medical Ethics at Karolinska Institute. Tännsjö was associate professor of philosophy at Stockholm University from 1976 to 1993 and Research Fellow in Political Philosophy at the Swedish Research Council in the Humanities and Social Sciences between 1993 and 1995. Thereafter, he was a professor of Practical Philosophy at University of Gothenburg 1995–2001.

Stockholm University
Stockholm University (SU) (Swedish: Stockholms universitet) is a public research university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded as a college in 1878, with university status since 1960. With over 33,000 students at four different faculties: law, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, it is one of the largest universities in Scandinavia.

Stockholm University was granted university status in 1960, making it the fourth oldest Swedish university. As with other public universities in Sweden, Stockholm University's mission includes teaching and research anchored in society at large.
Louis-Amable Jetté
Sir Louis-Amable Jetté, KCMG (French pronunciation: [lwi amabl ʒɛte]; 15 January 1836 – 5 May 1920) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, judge, and professor who served as lieutenant governor of Quebec and chief justice of the Court of King's Bench.

Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
The lieutenant governor of Quebec (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/; French: lieutenant-gouverneur du Québec, pronounced [ljøtnɑ̃t ɡuvɛʁnœʁ dy kebɛk]) is the representative in Quebec of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of Quebec is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The present and 30th lieutenant governor of Quebec is Manon Jeannotte, who has served in the role since January 25, 2024.