hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raja Uda
Raja Uda bin Raja Muhammad  (15 December 1894 – 17 October 1976) was a Malaysian statesman during the country's struggle for independence and its early years of nationhood. He was a civil servant under the British colonial administration, and eventually rose to important administrative positions within the government. Upon the independence of Malaya in 1957, he became the first Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor) of Penang, one of the four states in Malaysia without a hereditary ruler.

Uda was also the grandfather of Malaysian political blogger Raja Petra Kamaruddin.

Yang di-Pertua Negeri
The Governor, officially Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوا نݢري‎, lit. 'He Who is Made Head of the State') is the constitutional head of the four Malaysian states without a ruler, namely Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak. This is in contrast with the ruler (Malay: Raja), who serves as the constitutional monarch and head of state in the nine Malay states. These rulers are the Sultans of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu; the Raja of Perlis; and the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.
Beamline
In accelerator physics, a beamline refers to the trajectory of the beam of particles, including the overall construction of the path segment (guide tubes, diagnostic devices) along a specific path of an accelerator facility. This part is either

the line in a linear accelerator along which a beam of particles travels, or

the path leading from particle generator (e.g. a cyclic accelerator, synchrotron light sources, cyclotrons, or spallation sources) to the experimental end-station.

Beamlines usually end in experimental stations that utilize particle beams or synchrotron light obtained from a synchrotron, or neutrons from a spallation source or research reactor. Beamlines are used in experiments in particle physics, materials science, life science, chemistry, and molecular biology, but can also be used for irradiation tests or to produce isotopes.

Collimator
A collimator is a device which narrows a beam of particles or waves. “To narrow” can mean either to cause the directions of motion to become more aligned in a specific direction (i.e., make collimated light or parallel rays), or to cause the spatial cross section of the beam to become smaller (beam limiting device).
Autoassociative memory
Autoassociative memory, also known as auto-association memory or an autoassociation network, is any type of memory that is able to retrieve a piece of data from only a tiny sample of itself. They are very effective in de-noising or removing interference from the input and can be used to determine whether the given input is “known” or “unknown”.

In artificial neural networks, examples include variational autoencoder, denoising autoencoder, Hopfield network.

In reference to computer memory, the idea of associative memory is also referred to as Content-addressable memory (CAM).

The net is said to recognize a “known” vector if the net produces a pattern of activation on the output units which is the same as one of the vectors stored in it.

Content-addressable memory
Content-addressable memory (CAM) is a special type of computer memory used in certain very-high-speed searching applications. It is also known as associative memory or associative storage and compares input search data against a table of stored data, and returns the address of matching data.

CAM is frequently used in networking devices where it speeds up forwarding information base and routing table operations. This kind of associative memory is also used in cache memory. In associative cache memory, both address and content is stored side by side. When the address matches, the corresponding content is fetched from cache memory.
Norma Paulus
Norma Jean Paulus (née Petersen; March 13, 1933 – February 28, 2019) was an American lawyer and politician in the state of Oregon. A native of Nebraska, she was raised in Eastern Oregon before becoming a lawyer. A Republican, she first held political office as a representative in the Oregon House of Representatives, and then became the first woman elected to statewide public office in Oregon when she became Oregon Secretary of State in 1977. Paulus later served as Oregon Superintendent of Public Instruction for nine years. She made unsuccessful bids to become Governor of Oregon and United States Senator. Prior to her death on February 28, 2019, Paulus lived in Portland, where she was involved with several non-profit groups and sponsored a ballot measure to create open primaries in Oregon's statewide elections.

Oregon Superintendent of Public Instruction
The Superintendent of Public Instruction, sometimes referred to as the State Superintendent of Schools, was a constitutional office within the executive branch of the Oregon state government from 1872 to 2012, when it was eliminated by state law. The superintendent acted as administrative officer of the State Board of Education and was executive head of the Department of Education. The superintendent was elected by the people of Oregon in a nonpartisan statewide ballot for a term of office of four years.
Elephant Packing House
The Elephant Packing House was built in 1924, in Fullerton, Orange County, Southern California. Valencia oranges were packed here, from the abundant orchards that then dominated the county.  William Wolfskill had developed and extensively planted the Valencia orange here in the 19th century. It is one of the last remaining examples of a citrus packing house in Fullerton.

Valencia orange
The Valencia orange is a sweet orange cultivar named after the famed oranges in Valencia, Spain. It was first hybridized by pioneer American agronomist and land developer William Wolfskill in the mid-19th century on his farm in Santa Ana, southern California.
The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (film)
The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (Italian: Il giardino dei Finzi Contini) is a 1970 historical war drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica. The screenplay by Ugo Pirro and Vittorio Bonicelli adapts Italian Jewish author Giorgio Bassani's 1962 semi-autobiographical novel, about the lives of an upper-class Jewish family in Ferrara during the Fascist era. The film stars Lino Capolicchio, Dominique Sanda, Helmut Berger, Romolo Valli, and Fabio Testi in his breakthrough role.

An Italian and West German co-production, The Garden of the Finzi-Continis was entered into the 21st Berlin International Film Festival and won the Golden Bear. The film won the 1972 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and earned a nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay.

Golden Bear
The Golden Bear (German: Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival and is, along with the Palme d'Or and the Golden Lion, widely considered among the most prestigious film festival awards. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin.
Connectionist expert system
Connectionist expert systems are artificial neural network (ANN) based expert systems where the ANN generates inferencing rules e.g., fuzzy-multi layer perceptron where linguistic and natural form of inputs are used. Apart from that, rough set theory may be used for encoding knowledge in the weights better and also genetic algorithms may be used to optimize the search solutions better. Symbolic reasoning methods may also be incorporated (see hybrid intelligent system). (Also see  expert system,  neural network, clinical decision support system.)

Expert system
In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural programming code.  Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of AI software. They were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s, being then widely regarded as the future of AI — before the advent of successful artificial neural networks.
An expert system is divided into two subsystems: 1) a knowledge base, which represents facts and rules; and 2) an inference engine, which applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new facts, and can include explaining and debugging abilities.
Frank Huang
Frank Xin Huang (born September 5, 1978) is a Chinese-born American violinist and teacher.  Since 2015 he has been the concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic. Previous to his position in New York, Huang was the first violinist of the Ying Quartet and a professor of violin and chamber music at the Eastman School of Music, then served as the concertmaster of the Houston Symphony from 2010 to 2015. He has won several international music competitions, most notably the 2003 Naumburg Competition.  Huang has concertized widely as a soloist, and his debut recording on Naxos was critically acclaimed.

Naxos (company)
Naxos comprises numerous companies, divisions, imprints, and labels specializing in classical music but also audiobooks and other genres. The premier label is Naxos Records, which focuses on classical music. Naxos Musical Group encompasses about 17 labels including Naxos Records, Naxos Audiobooks, and Naxos Books (ebooks). They distribute a number of additional labels that are independent of the Naxos Musical Group with a wide range of offerings.

The company was founded in 1987 by Klaus Heymann, a German-born resident of Hong Kong. In September 2025, Kuke Music Holding Ltd (NYSE: KUKE), a leading classical music services platform in China, acquired a controlling interest in Naxos Music Group for US$106 million.
William J. Behan
William J. Behan (September 25, 1840 – May 4, 1928) was an American Confederate veteran and politician. A military, business, and political leader, he served as the 41st mayor of New Orleans (November 20, 1882 – April 28, 1884).

Mayor of New Orleans
The post of Mayor of the City of New Orleans (French: Maire de La Nouvelle-Orléans) has been held by the following individuals since New Orleans came under American administration following the Louisiana Purchase — the 1803 acquisition by the U.S. of 828,800 square miles (2,147,000 km2) of the French province La Louisiane. In all mayoral elections since 1930, New Orleans has used a two-round system with a preliminary round and a runoff if no candidate reached a majority in the first round. All mayors of New Orleans since 1872 have been Democrats.
Celebration (Fun Factory song)
"Celebration" is a song by German Eurodance band Fun Factory, released in August 1995 by various labels as the second single from the band's second album, Fun-Tastic (1995). It features female vocals by Marie-Anett Mey and the rap parts is performed by Smooth T (a.k.a. Toni Cottura), who also co-wrote the song with Bülent Aris. A sizeable hit in Europe, it was a top-10 hit in Spain (10), and a top-20 hit in France (19) and Germany (12). Outside Europe, the single reached number nine on the RPM Dance/Urban chart in Canada and number 88 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US. In 1996, a remix done by Mousse T. was sampled by French electronic music duo Daft Punk on their song "Revolution 909".

Mousse T.
Mustafa Gündoğdu ([mustaˈfa ɟynˈdoːdu]; born 2 October 1966), best known under his stage name Mousse T., is a German-Turkish DJ, record producer, film music composer and judge on season 15 of Deutschland sucht den Superstar, the German version of Pop Idol.

He is best known for the 1998 house hit "Horny '98" (featuring "Hot 'n' Juicy" and famous for the hook "I'm horny") and for his collaboration with Tom Jones on the 2000 pop hit "Sex Bomb", from Jones' 1999 album Reload.

Mousse T. is one of the first producers of house music in his country, alongside contemporaries Boris Dlugosch, DJ Tonka and Ian Pooley.
Tanauan, Leyte
Tanauan (IPA: [tɐn'ʔaʊɐn]), officially the Municipality of Tanauan (Waray: Bungto han Tanauan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tanauan), is a first-class municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 60,212 people.

Tanauan is one of the oldest towns in Leyte, dating back to the year 1710. It is composed of 54 barangays. The town has also been known as the “Cradle of Intellectuals”, or the Bungto han Kamag-araman, since the Spanish colonial era. Tanauan is approximately 18 kilometers south of Tacloban City, the capital of the Eastern Visayas Region. It is bounded on the north by the municipality of Palo, Tolosa on the south, Dagami and Tabon-tabon on its west side and on the east by San Pedro Bay.

The town was heavily damaged by Super Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in November 2013. The town celebrates its fiesta annually on August 15.

Waray language
Waray (also known as Waray-Waray or Bisayâ/Binisayâ and Winaray/Waray, Spanish: idioma samareño meaning Samar language) is an Austronesian language and the fifth-most-spoken native regional language of the Philippines, native to Eastern Visayas. It is the native language of the Waray people and second language of the Abaknon people of Capul, Northern Samar, and some Cebuano-speaking peoples of western and southern parts of Leyte island. It is the third most spoken language among the Bisayan languages, only behind Cebuano and Hiligaynon.
Girish Chodankar
Girish Raya Chodankar (born 25 July 1966 or 1967) is an Indian politician and teacher who serves as the All India Congress Committee (AICC) in-charge of Tamil Nadu CC and Puducherry PCC since 2025. He previously served as the president of the Goa Pradesh Congress Committee (GPCC) from 2018 to 2022. A former AICC secretary, in 2023, he was appointed as a permanent invitee of the Congress Working Committee (CWC).

All India Congress Committee
The All India Congress Committee (AICC) is the presidium or the central decision-making assembly of the Indian National Congress. It is composed of members elected from state-level Pradesh Congress Committees and can have as many as a thousand members. It is the AICC that elects members of the Congress Working Committee and the Congress President, who is also the head of the AICC.

The organisational executives of the AICC are several general-secretaries selected by the Congress President and the members of the Congress Working Committee. AICC is responsible for decision-making and policy formulation for the party at the national level. It also sets the party's agenda and strategies for national and state-level elections.
ComfortJet
ComfortJet is a high-speed push-pull train which is being built by Siemens Mobility and Škoda Transportation for the Czech train operator České dráhy and is planned to start operations from summer 2024. Based on the Railjet, Siemens developed its Vectrain train family. It will operate at speeds of up to 230 km/h and will replace old carriages on international EuroCity services between the Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Slovakia and Hungary and on domestic InterCity services in the Czech Republic. It is very similar to the interjet trains based on the same Viaggio Comfort carriages used for shorter routes, which do not feature the Afmpz control car.

Railjet
Railjet is a high-speed rail service in Europe operated by Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) and Czech Railways (ČD). Branded as Railjet Express (RJX category) for the fastest services and as Railjet (RJ) for services with additional stops, it was introduced in 2008 and operates at speeds of up to 230 km/h (143 mph).  Railjet is ÖBB's premier service and operates both domestically within Austria and on international services to adjacent major cities in the Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary and Slovakia.
Gilbert Meilaender
Gilbert Meilaender (born January 31, 1946) is an American Lutheran bioethicist and theologian. He is Senior Research Professor of Theology at Valparaiso University, and served on the President's Council on Bioethics from its founding in 2002 until its dissolution in 2009.

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.
Hidayatullah (Islamic organization)
Hidayatullah is an Islamic mass organization based in Indonesia, founded in 1973. It is aimed at propagation of puritanical interpretation of Islam, and dawah (proselytization). The organization operates pesantren (Islamic boarding school), mass media, women's division, and coop.

Dawah
Daʿwah (Arabic: دعوة, Arabic: [ˈdaʕwah], "invitation", also spelt dâvah, daawa, dawah, daawah or dakwah) is the act of proselytizing people to Islam. The plural is daʿwāt (دَعْوات) or daʿawāt (دَعَوات). Preachers who engage in dawah are known as da'i.
Hallbera Guðný Gísladóttir
Hallbera Guðný Gísladóttir (born 14 September 1986) is an Icelandic footballer who plays for Swedish Damallsvenskan club IFK Kalmar and the Iceland national team. Although primarily a left-back, she can also play further forward as a left winger.

Iceland women's national football team
The Iceland women's national football team (Icelandic: Íslenska kvennalandsliðið í knattspyrnu) represents Iceland in international women's football. They are currently ranked as the 14th best women's national team in the world by FIFA as of June 2025.
Martina Maggio
Martina Maggio (born July 26, 2001) is an Italian artistic gymnast.  She represented Italy at the 2020 Olympic Games.  She was a member of the gold medal winning teams at the 2022 Mediterranean Games and the 2022 European Championships. She was also the alternate for the team who won bronze at the 2019 World Championships in Stuttgart.  Individually she is the 2022 Mediterranean Games all-around champion, the 2022 European all-around bronze medalist, the 2022 European silver medalist on floor, and 2016 European junior vault champion.

2016 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 31st European Championships in Women's Artistic Gymnastics Seniors and Juniors was held from 1 to 5 June 2016, at the PostFinance-Arena in Bern, Switzerland. It was the first time the city had hosted a major female international competition (it hosted the 1975 Men's European Gymnastics Championships), and was the first time Switzerland hosted the competition in the country.
Elshad Mirbashir oghlu
Elshad Mirbashir oghlu (Azerbaijani: Elşad Mirbəşir oğlu, born July 27, 1977, Topalhasanli, Goygol) – is a member of National Assembly (Milli Majlis) of Azerbaijan, board member of the ruling New Azerbaijan Party, board member and vice chairman of Social Research Center,  member of The Anti-Corruption Commission of the Republic of Azerbaijan, political scientist, politician, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Political Management of the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan since 2007.

Academy of Public Administration (Azerbaijan)
The Academy of Public Administration (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti yanında Dövlət İdarəçilik Akademiyası lit. The Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan) is a scientific and educational institution established based on the Baku Institute of Social Management and Political Science by the Decree No. 60 of the president of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated January 3. 1999.
Peter Caruana
Sir Peter Richard Caruana, KCMG KC (born 15 October 1956) is a Gibraltarian former politician who served as Chief Minister of Gibraltar from 1996 to 2011 and Leader of the Gibraltar Social Democrats (GSD) from 1991 to 2013. He is the longest serving Chief Minister to date.
A barrister by profession, Caruana was appointed a Queen's Counsel for Gibraltar in 1998 (which became King's Counsel upon the death of Queen Elizabeth II), and elected an Overseas Master of the Bench of Inner Temple in 2011.

Elections in Gibraltar
Gibraltar elects on the national level a legislature. The Gibraltar Parliament has 17 members, all elected for a four-year term in one constituency with each voter getting to vote for their selection of ten candidates. Gibraltar forms a single constituency but voters have only ten votes.  Hence the electoral bloc with the most votes will normally get ten seats and the runners up seven.
Hino Rainbow
The Hino Rainbow (kana:日野・レインボー) is a medium-duty single-decker bus marketed by the Japanese manufacturer Hino since 1980. The range can be built as either a complete bus or a bus chassis. It was also available for the city bus for the midibus and the tourist coach for the minibus. Asia Motors (now Kia Motors) released as a badge engineered version in South Korea called the Cosmos. It is built by J-Bus.

Minibus
A minibus, microbus, minicoach, or short bus is a passenger-carrying motor vehicle that is designed to carry more people than a multi-purpose vehicle or minivan, but fewer people than a full-size bus. In the United Kingdom, the word "minibus" is used to describe any full-sized passenger-carrying van or panel truck. Minibuses have a seating capacity of between 12 and 30. Larger minibuses may be called midibuses. Minibuses are typically front-engine step-in vehicles, although low floor minibuses are particularly common in Japan.
Sainte-Geneviève, Seine-Maritime
Sainte-Geneviève (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t ʒənvjɛv]; sometimes Sainte-Geneviève-en-Bray, lit. 'Sainte-Geneviève in Bray') is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

Pays de Bray
The Pays de Bray (French pronunciation: [pe.i də bʁɛ], literally Land of Bray) is a small (about 750 km2) natural region of France situated to the north-east of Rouen, straddling the French departments of the Seine-Maritime and the Oise (historically divided among the Provinces of Normandy and Picardy since 911, now divided among the administrative regions of Normandy and Picardy). The landscape is of bocage, a land use which arises from its clay soil, and is suited to the development of pasture for the raising of dairy cattle. It produces famous butters and cheeses such as Neufchâtel.
Free recoil
Free recoil / Frecoil is a vernacular term or jargon for recoil energy of a firearm not supported from behind. Free recoil denotes the translational kinetic energy (Et) imparted to the shooter of a small arm when discharged and is expressed in joules (J), or foot-pound force (ft·lbf) for non-SI units of measure. More generally, the term refers to the recoil of a free-standing firearm, in contrast to a firearm securely bolted to or braced by a massive mount or wall. Free recoil should not be confused with recoil:

Free recoil is the given name for translational kinetic energy transmitted from a small arm to a shooter.

Recoil is a name given for conservation of momentum as it generally applies to an everyday event.

Kinetic energy
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion.

In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is .

The kinetic energy of an object is equal to the work, or force (F) in the direction of motion times its displacement (s), needed to accelerate the object from rest to its given speed. The same amount of work is done by the object when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.

The SI unit of energy is the joule, while the English unit of energy is the foot-pound.

In relativistic mechanics,  is a good approximation of kinetic energy only when v is much less than the speed of light.