hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Israfil Shahverdiyev
Israfil Shahverdi oglu Shahverdiyev (Azerbaijani: İsrafil Şahverdi oğlu Şahverdiyev; 11 June 1952, in Unannovu, Lachin, Azerbaijan SSR – 13 January 1994, in Fuzuli, Azerbaijan) was the National Hero of Azerbaijan and warrior during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Fuzuli District
Fuzuli District (Azerbaijani: Füzuli rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the south-west of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojavend, Aghjabadi, Beylagan, Jabrayil, and the Ardabil Province of Iran.

Its capital is Fuzuli, however since the city is completely ruined following the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the current de facto capital is Horadiz until Fuzuli is rebuilt. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 133,800.
Marjorie Anne Newell
Marjorie Anne Newell (12 February 1889 – 11 June 1992) was an American first class passenger on the RMS Titanic during her maiden voyage. She survived the sinking and at the time of her death was the last surviving first class passenger of the disaster.

First class travel
First class is the most luxurious and most expensive travel class of seats and service on a train, passenger ship, airplane, bus, or other system of transport.  Compared to business class and economy class, it offers the best service and most comfortable accommodation.
OpenHAN
The OpenHAN standards for home networks (sometimes called home grids) was promoted by groups such as openAMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) and UtilityAMI.  Both efforts aim to standardize powerline networking interoperation from a utility point of view and ensure reliable communications co-extant with AC power outlets.
Both utilities and vendors of home control have promoted such standards aggressively . The openHAN label usually denotes standards favored by the utilities, not other service providers.  It should be distinguished from the openADR standards that were promoted to ensure open access to customer electricity use data by all service providers.

Home network
A home network or home area network (HAN) is a type of computer network, specifically a type of local area network (LAN), that facilitates communication among devices within the close vicinity of a home. Devices capable of participating in this network, for example, smart devices such as network printers and handheld mobile computers, often gain enhanced emergent capabilities through their ability to interact. These additional capabilities can be used to increase the quality of life inside the home in a variety of ways, such as automation of repetitive tasks, increased personal productivity, enhanced home security, and easier access to entertainment. Other than a regular LAN that are centralized and use IP technologies, a home network may also make use of direct peer-to-peer methods as well as non-IP protocols such as Bluetooth.
Battle of Zabłocie
The Battle of Zabłocie (Polish: Bitwa pod Zabłocami, Ukrainian: Бій під Заблоцями; 14 February 1944) was fought between the 348th Platoon “Kirgiz” and Battalion “Ryś” of the Peasant Battalions and Platoon “Hardy” of the Home Army under the command of Stanisław Basaj and Mieczysław Olszak against the Third Reich, Ukrainian Auxiliary Police, 14th Grenadier Division of the Waffen–SS “Galizien”, and the German Gendarmerie in the Hrubieszów County of the Lublin Voivodeship.

Ryś Battalion
The Ryś Battalion, officially known as the 1st Battalion of the Bataliony Chłopskie (BCh), operated in the Hrubieszów District from 1942 to 1945. Commanded by Stanisław "Ryś" Basaj, it numbered several hundred men at its peak, and was one of the largest groups that fought against Ukrainian Nationalist troops and the Wehrmacht. They prevented the pacification and massacre of villages.
Aldec
Aldec, Inc. is a privately owned electronic design automation company based in Henderson, Nevada, providing software and hardware used in creation and verification of digital designs targeting FPGA and ASIC technologies.

As a member of Accellera and IEEE Standards Association, Aldec actively participates in the process of developing new standards and updating existing standards (e.g. VHDL, SystemVerilog). Aldec provides a hardware description language (HDL) simulation engine for other EDA tools such as Altium Designer and bundles special version of its tools with FPGA vendors software such as Lattice.

Lattice Semiconductor
Lattice Semiconductor Corporation is an American semiconductor company specializing in the design and manufacturing of low power field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Headquartered in the Silicon Forest area of Hillsboro, Oregon, the company also has operations in San Jose, Calif., Shanghai, Manila, Penang, and Singapore. Lattice Semiconductor has more than 1000 employees and an annual revenue of more than $660 million as of 2022. The company was founded in 1983 and went public in 1989. It is traded on the Nasdaq stock exchange under the symbol LSCC.
My Name Is Kadi
My Name is Kadi is a 2016 Nigerian drama film written by Aisha Tisha Mohammed and directed by Bright Wonder Obasi. The Hollywood African Prestigious Awards nominated film stars Blossom Chukwujekwu, Kenneth Okolie, Tina Mba and Silvia Oluchy.

Sylvia Oluchy
Ngozi Sylvia Oluchi EzeokaforListenⓘ, known professionally as Sylvya Oluchy, is a Nigerian actress, writer, producer and filmmaker. She won the Most Promising Act of the Year award in the Best of Nollywood Awards. She won the Rising Star award in the Nollywood Movies Awards.
Jared Rhoden
Matthew Jared Rhoden (/ˈroʊdən/ ROH-dən; born August 27, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for Paris Basketball of the LNB Élite and EuroLeague. He played college basketball for the Seton Hall Pirates.

Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball
The Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball program is the NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's basketball program of Seton Hall University in South Orange, New Jersey. The team competes in the Big East Conference and plays their home games in the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. The Pirates are currently coached by Shaheen Holloway. Seton Hall has appeared 14 times in the NCAA tournament and were national runners-up in 1989.
Hierarchical editing language for macromolecules
The hierarchical editing language for macromolecules (HELM) is a method of describing complex biological molecules. It is a notation that is machine readable to render the composition and structure of peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides, and related small molecule linkers.

HELM was developed by a consortium of pharmaceutical companies in what is known as the Pistoia Alliance. Development began in 2008. In 2012 the notation was published openly and for free.

The HELM open source project can be found on GitHub.

Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System
The Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) is a specification in the form of a line notation for describing the structure of chemical species using short ASCII strings. SMILES strings can be imported by most molecule editors for conversion back into two-dimensional drawings or three-dimensional models of the molecules.

The original SMILES specification was initiated in the 1980s. It has since been modified and extended. In 2007, an open standard called OpenSMILES was developed in the open source chemistry community.
Jawor
Jawor [ˈjavɔr] (German: Jauer) is a town in south-western Poland with 22,890 inhabitants (2019). It is situated in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the seat of Jawor County.

One of the oldest towns in the region, with a history of more than a thousand years, Jawor was one of the main centers of weaving in Silesia and, in 1274–1392, the capital of an eponymous principality ruled by a local line of the Piast dynasty. It has a preserved medieval urban layout with several Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque structures, including the Church of Peace, a Historic Monument of Poland and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Jawor is the site for electrical machinery, chemical, paper and food industries, and there are numerous granite and basalt quarries near the town. Through the town flows the 31 mile long Raging Nysa river (pl: Nysa Szalona).

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
NGC 2404
NGC 2404 is a massive H II region inside NGC 2403, a spiral galaxy in Camelopardalis. It was discovered on February 2, 1886 by Gulliaume Bigourdan. NGC 2404 is approximately 940 ly in diameter, making it one of the largest H II regions so far known. It is the largest H II region in NGC 2403, and lies at the outskirts of the galaxy, making for a striking similarity with NGC 604 in M33, both in size and location in the host galaxy. This H II region contains 30-40 Wolf-Rayet stars, and unlike the Tarantula Nebula, but similar to NGC 604, NGC 2404's open cluster is probably much less compact, so it probably looks like a large stellar association. This H II region is probably only a few million years old.

NGC 604
NGC 604 is an H II region inside the Triangulum Galaxy. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 11, 1784. It is among the largest H II regions in the Local Group of galaxies; at the galaxy's estimated distance of 2.7 million light-years, its longest diameter is roughly 1,520 light years (~460 parsecs), over 40 times the size of the visible portion of the Orion Nebula. It is over 6,300 times more luminous than the Orion Nebula, and if it were at the same distance it would outshine Venus. Its gas is ionized by a cluster of massive stars at its center with 200 stars of spectral type O and WR, a mass of 105 solar masses, and an age of 3.5 million years; however, unlike the Large Magellanic Cloud's Tarantula Nebula central cluster (R136), NGC 604's one is much less compact and more similar to a large stellar association.
Erlenbach ZH railway station
Erlenbach ZH (German: Bahnhof Erlenbach ZH) is a railway station in Switzerland, situated near to the eastern bank of Lake Zurich (Goldcoast) in the municipality of Erlenbach in the canton of Zurich (abbreviated to ZH). The station is on the Lake Zurich right bank railway line, within fare zone 140 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

The station is one of two railway stations in the municipality of Erlenbach, the other being Winkel am Zürichsee.

Zürcher Verkehrsverbund
The Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV), lit. 'Zurich Transport Network' is the largest public transportation network in Switzerland. It covers the canton of Zurich and adjacent areas. All modes of public transportation (rail, light rail, bus, trolleybus, lake passenger liner, funicular, an aerial tram) within a chosen number of fare zones can be used freely with a ticket that is valid for a certain amount of time (e.g., 1 hour, 24 hours) or with monthly/annual subscriptions.
HMS Laforey (1913)
HMS Laforey was the lead ship of her class of destroyer built for the Royal Navy. Launched a year before the First World War began, she was attached to the Dover Patrol. Laforey saw action in several engagements with German torpedo boats, including the Battle off Noordhinder Bank and the action of 17 March 1917. Laforey was sunk in 1917 by a British mine after escorting several freighters to France. She was named for Francis Laforey, captain of HMS Spartiate at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.

Action of 17 March 1917
The action of 17 March 1917 was a German raid on British shipping in the Strait of Dover as well as the harbours of Ramsgate and Margate. Two flotillas of German torpedo boats set out from the coast of Flanders and split. One group attacked the British drifters and destroyers patrolling near Goodwin Sands, while the other attacked the towns of Ramsgate and Margate, shelling the towns and shipping in their harbors. While attempting to fight off the German squadron near Goodwin Sands, the destroyers HMS Paragon and HMS Llewellyn were torpedoed. Paragon was sunk and Llewellyn damaged before the Germans withdrew with no casualties.
Co-NP-complete
In complexity theory, computational problems that are co-NP-complete are those that are the hardest problems in co-NP, in the sense that any problem in co-NP can be reformulated as a special case of any co-NP-complete problem with only polynomial overhead. If P is different from co-NP, then all of the co-NP-complete problems are not solvable in polynomial time. If there exists a way to solve a co-NP-complete problem quickly, then that algorithm can be used to solve all co-NP problems quickly.

Each co-NP-complete problem is the complement of an NP-complete problem.  There are some problems in both NP and co-NP, for example all problems in P or integer factorization. However, it is not known if the sets are equal, although inequality is thought more likely. See co-NP and NP-complete for more details.

Fortune showed in 1979 that if any sparse language is co-NP-complete (or even just co-NP-hard), then P = NP, a critical foundation for Mahaney's theorem.

P (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, P, also known as PTIME or DTIME(nO(1)), is a fundamental complexity class. It contains all decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a polynomial amount of computation time, or polynomial time.

Cobham's thesis holds that P is the class of computational problems that are "efficiently solvable" or "tractable". This is inexact: in practice, some problems not known to be in P have practical solutions, and some that are in P do not, but this is a useful rule of thumb.
Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College
The Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College (JNEC) is an engineering college in Aurangabad CIDCO, India. It was established in 1983 and is affiliated with the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University in Maharashtra.

Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College became affiliated with MGM University in 2019.

The school is financed and run by the Mahatma Gandhi Mission. Dr. H. H. Shinde is the Chief of Examination at MGM University, the parent organization of JNEC.

Dr. Vijaya Musande assumed charge as the Principal of Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College (JNEC) on Friday, 27 December 2024, becoming the first female Principal in the institute’s history.

Kamalkishor Kadam
Kamalkishor Kadam is an Indian politician who formerly served as Higher and Technical Minister in the Government of Maharashtra. He belongs to the Nationalist Congress Party from Nanded, Maharashtra.

He is chairman and trustee of the Mahatma Gandhi Mission Trust that runs various colleges in Maharashtra and Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

In 2004, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) issued a report wherein Kadam was enlisted among various other politicians of Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party for irregularities in the purchase of land plots from CIDCO.

On 24 February 2023, Maharashtra Governor and Chancellor of state universities, Ramesh Bais conferred Honorary D.Litt. on Kamal Kishor Kadam during 25th Annual Convocation of the Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded through online mode.
Anita Valen
Anita Valen (born 12 December 1968) is a Norwegian cyclist. She won the Norwegian National Road Race Championship six times.

She was born in Porsgrunn on 12 December 1968, and is the sister of Monica Valen (formerly married Valvik).

She competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and again at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She won a bronze medal at the 2004 UCI Road World Championships.

She won a total of two Kongepokal trophies and 14 national titles: six road races, six time trials, and two street races.

Norwegian National Road Race Championships
The Norwegian National Road Race Championships, have been held annually with an event for each category of rider; Men, Women, junior riders & under 23 riders, since 1946. The event also includes the Norwegian National Time Trial Championships and the Norwegian National Criterium Championships.

The winners of each event are awarded with a symbolic cycling jersey featuring the Norwegian flag on the chest, which can be worn by the rider at other road racing events in the country to show their status as national champion. The champion's stripes can be combined into a sponsored rider's team kit design for this purpose.
Charles D'Arcy
Christianity portal

Charles Frederick D'Arcy (2 January 1859 – 1 February 1938) was a Church of Ireland bishop. He was the Bishop of Clogher from 1903 to 1907 when he was translated to become Bishop of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin before then becoming the Bishop of Down, Connor and Dromore. He was then briefly the Archbishop of Dublin and finally, from 1920 until his death, Archbishop of Armagh. He was also a theologian, author and botanist.

Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland)
The Archbishop of Dublin is a senior bishop in the Church of Ireland, second only to the Archbishop of Armagh. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the United Dioceses of Dublin and Glendalough and the metropolitan bishop of the Province of Dublin, which covers the southern half of Ireland, and he is styled Primate of Ireland (the Archbishop of Armagh is the "Primate of All Ireland").

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in Christ Church Cathedral in central Dublin. The incumbent, from 11 May 2011, is Michael Jackson who signs as +Michael DUBLIN.
Rachel Cameron
Rachel Cameron (27 March 1924—6 March 2011) was an Australian ballet dancer and teacher. She was one of the leading dancers in early Australian ballet in the 1940s, performing with the Borovansky and Kirsova ballet companies, and was one of the first ballet dancers in Australia to reach the rank of principal. After emigrating to Great Britain she was an inspirational educator of ballet teachers at the Royal Academy of Dance in London for over forty years. In 2010, she received the Royal Academy of Dance's prestigious Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award in recognition of her outstanding services to ballet.

Principal dancer
A principal dancer (often shortened to principal) is a dancer at the highest rank within a professional dance company, particularly a ballet company. A principal may be of any gender and is usually the star of the ballet. The term is used mostly in ballet but can be used in other forms as well, such as modern dance. The term senior principal dancer is sometimes used as well.

The position is similar to that of soloist; however, principals regularly perform not only solos, but also pas de deux as well as headlining performances they participate in. Principal dancers can be hired into a dance company or can also be a company dancer that is a corps de ballet dancer that gets promoted from within the company. That process can take multiple performance seasons or even years to achieve based on skill level and company interest.
Joint Task Force National Capital Region Medical
The Joint Task Force National Capital Region Medical (JTF CapMed), also known as National Capital Region Medical, is located on the Naval Support Activity Bethesda campus in Bethesda, Maryland, and was established by Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon R. England.

Gordon R. England
Gordon Richard England (born September 15, 1937) is an American politician and businessman who was the U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense and twice served as the U.S. Secretary of the Navy in the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush.
University of CEMA
The University of CEMA is a private university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was founded by Carlos Rodríguez, along with Roque Fernández and Pedro Pou, as the Center for Macro-economic Studies of Argentina (CEMA) University Institute in 1995, a pioneer in higher education programs in the areas of economics, politics, management, and finance in Argentina.

First founded as a research center to contribute to the economic development of the country, the university now offers twelve undergraduate courses, sixteen graduate-level programs, and a wide range of executive education programs. At present, UCEMA has more than 262 faculty members with terminal academic degrees in their fields of study, 6068 alumni, and 1179 students. The comprehensive set of actions carried out by the University includes a wide range of fields; within a framework of humanistic and liberal education.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
115th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 115th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery (115th LAA Rgt) was an air defence unit of the British Army during World War II. Initially raised as an infantry battalion of the East Yorkshire Regiment, it transferred to the Royal Artillery in 1942. It served as the LAA component of the 46th Division in the Tunisian Campaign, at the Salerno landings, and through the Italian Campaign until it was disbanded in 1945.

Tunisian campaign
The Tunisian campaign (also known as the Battle of Tunisia) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African campaign of the Second World War, between Axis and Allied forces from 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943. The Allies consisted of British Imperial Forces, including a Greek contingent, with American and French corps. Despite initial successes by the German and Italian forces brought from the mainland and which had withdrawn into and occupied Tunisia after their defeat in the Western Desert and the success of Operation Torch, massive supply interdiction efforts and Allied assaults from east and west led to the decisive defeat of the Axis. Over 260,000 German and Italian troops were taken as prisoners of war, including most of the Afrika Korps.
Eucteniza
Eucteniza ( /juːktəˈnaɪzə/ yook-tə-NY-zə) is a genus of trapdoor spiders in the family Euctenizidae containing at least 14 species occurring in Mexico and the southern United States. Species are distinguished by a softened rear portion of the carapace, and males possess large spines on the first two pairs of walking legs that are used to hold females during mating. Like other trapdoor spiders they create burrows with a hinged lid, from which they await passing insects and other arthropods to prey upon. Many species are known from only one or two localities, or from only male specimens. More species are expected to be discovered. Eucteniza is closely related to spiders of the genera Entychides and Neoapachella.

Spider anatomy
The anatomy of spiders includes many characteristics shared with other arachnids. These characteristics include bodies divided into two tagmata (sections or segments), eight jointed legs, no wings or antennae, the presence of chelicerae and pedipalps, simple eyes, and an exoskeleton, which is periodically shed.

Spiders also have several adaptations that distinguish them from other arachnids. All spiders are capable of producing silk of various types, which many species use to build webs to ensnare prey. Most spiders possess venom, which is injected into prey (or defensively, when the spider feels threatened) through the fangs of the chelicerae. Male spiders have specialized pedipalps that are used to transfer sperm to the female during mating. Many species of spiders exhibit a great deal of sexual dimorphism.