hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foundation for European Progressive Studies
The Foundation for European Progressive Studies (FEPS) is a Brussels-based think tank and European political foundation affiliated to, but independent of, the Party of European Socialists (PES). Established in 2008, FEPS currently includes 76 member organisations throughout Europe.

FEPS's president since 2017 is Maria João Rodrigues from Portugal, former Vice President of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament and former Portuguese Minister for Employment and Training in the Guterres government. Its current Secretary General is former EU Commissioner for Employment and Social Affairs, László Andor from Hungary.

FEPS also runs a political magazine Progressive Post, together with various online publications, like the FEPS Talks podcast.

European political foundation
A European political foundation, formerly known as a political foundation at European level, is a type of political foundation affiliated to, but independent from, a European political party, and operating transnationally in Europe and within the institutions of the European Union (EU).

European political foundations carry specific political activities and are networks of national political foundations. They are regulated and funded by EU Regulation 1141/2014 on the statute and funding of European political parties and European political foundations, and their operations are supervised by the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations (APPF).
Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference
The Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference (I/ITSEC) is an annual conference in Orlando, Florida organized by the National Training and Simulation Association, an affiliate organization of the National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA). I/ITSEC is held at the Orange County Convention Center, a large conference and exhibition center located on Exhibition Drive on the south side of Orlando, Florida.

National Defense Industrial Association
The National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA) is a trade association for the United States government and defense industrial base. It is an 501(c)(3) educational organization. Its headquarters are in Arlington, Virginia. NDIA was established in 1919 as a result of the inability of the defense industry to scale up the war effort during World War I.
Virginia Kidd
Virginia Kidd (June 2, 1921 – January 11, 2003) was an American literary agent, writer and editor, who worked in particular in science fiction and related fields. She represented science fiction American authors such as Ursula K. Le Guin, R.A. Lafferty, Anne McCaffrey, Judith Merril, and Gene Wolfe. Wolfe modeled Ann Schindler, a character in his 1990 novel Castleview, in large part on Kidd.

Gene Wolfe
Gene Rodman Wolfe (May 7, 1931 – April 14, 2019) was an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He was noted for his dense, allusive prose as well as the strong influence of his Catholic faith. He was a prolific short story writer and novelist who won many literary awards. Wolfe has been called "the Melville of science fiction", and he was honored as a Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America.

Wolfe is best known for his Book of the New Sun series (four volumes, 1980–1983), the first part of his "Solar Cycle". In 1998, Locus magazine ranked it the third-best fantasy novel published before 1990 based on a poll of subscribers that considered it and several other series as single entries.
Monturaqui
Monturaqui is an impact crater in Chile. It lies south of the Salar de Atacama and was formed 663,000 ± 90,000 years ago by the impact of an IAB meteorite. It is 350 m × 370 m (1,150 ft × 1,210 ft) wide and 34 m (112 ft) deep and contains a salt pan. Only a few remnants of the meteorite that formed the crater have been collected, with most of the rocks being of local origin. The crater was discovered in 1962 and identified as an impact crater in 1966.

Salar de Atacama
Salar de Atacama, located 55 km (34 mi) south of San Pedro de Atacama, is the largest salt flat in Chile. It is surrounded by mountains and lacks drainage outlets. To the east, it is enclosed by the main chain of the Andes, while to the west lies a secondary mountain range called Cordillera de Domeyko. The landscape is dominated by imposing volcanoes such as Licancabur, Acamarachi, Aguas Calientes, and Láscar, the latter being one of Chile's most active volcanoes. These volcanoes are situated along the eastern side of the Salar de Atacama, forming a north–south trending line that separates it from smaller endorheic basins.

In recent decades, Salar de Atacama has become a significant hub for lithium extraction, as lithium is found in the brines of the salt flat.

The Likan Antay people are the indigenous inhabitants of Salar de Atacama and its surrounding areas.
2014 Atlantic Hockey men's ice hockey tournament
The 2014 Atlantic Hockey Tournament is the 10th Atlantic Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 7 and March 22, 2014, at campus locations and at the Blue Cross Arena in Rochester, New York. The winner of the tournament was the Robert Morris Colonials, who earned Atlantic Hockey's automatic bid to the 2014 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

2014 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament
The 2014 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament was the national championship tournament for men's college ice hockey in the United States in 2014. The tournament involved 16 teams in single-elimination play to determine the national champion at the Division I level of the NCAA, the highest level of competition in college hockey. The tournament's Frozen Four – the semifinals and finals – was hosted by ECAC Hockey at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia.

Union defeated Minnesota 7–4 to win the program's first NCAA title.
Gegenbauer polynomials
In mathematics, Gegenbauer polynomials or ultraspherical polynomials C(α)n(x) are  orthogonal polynomials on the interval [−1,1] with respect to the weight function (1 − x2)α–1/2. They generalize Legendre polynomials and Chebyshev polynomials, and are special cases of Jacobi polynomials. They are named after Leopold Gegenbauer.

Legendre polynomials
In mathematics, Legendre polynomials, named after Adrien-Marie Legendre (1782), are a system of complete and orthogonal polynomials with a wide number of mathematical properties and numerous applications. They can be defined in many ways, and the various definitions highlight different aspects as well as suggest generalizations and connections to different mathematical structures and physical and numerical applications.

Closely related to the Legendre polynomials are associated Legendre polynomials, Legendre functions, Legendre functions of the second kind, big q-Legendre polynomials, and associated Legendre functions.
Selby Town F.C.
Selby Town Football Club is an English football club based in Selby, North Yorkshire, founded in 1919. They play in the Northern Counties East League Division One. The club's traditional rivals are Goole (with whom they play an annual match, for the right to win the Eric Lawton Cup) and Tadcaster Albion.

Northern Counties East Football League
The Northern Counties East Football League is a semi-professional English football league. It has two divisions – Premier Division and Division One – which stand at the ninth and tenth levels of the English football pyramid respectively.
Option style
In finance, the style  or family of an option is the class into which the option falls, usually defined by the dates on which the option may be exercised. The vast majority of options are either European or American (style) options. These options—as well as others where the payoff is calculated similarly—are referred to as "vanilla options". Options where the payoff is calculated differently are categorized as "exotic options". Exotic options can pose challenging problems in valuation and hedging.

Exercise (options)
The owner of an option contract has the right to exercise it, and thus require that the financial transaction specified by the contract is to be carried out immediately between the two parties, whereupon the option contract is terminated. When exercising a call option, the owner of the option purchases the underlying shares (or commodities, fixed interest securities, etc.) at the strike price from the option seller, while for a put option, the owner of the option sells the underlying to the option seller, again at the strike price.
Barzilai–Borwein method
The Barzilai–Borwein method is an iterative gradient descent method for unconstrained optimization using either of two step sizes derived from the linear trend of the most recent two iterates.  This method, and modifications, are globally convergent under mild conditions, and perform competitively with conjugate gradient methods for many problems.  Not depending on the objective itself, it can also solve some systems of linear and non-linear equations.

Conjugate gradient method
In mathematics, the conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations, namely those whose matrix is positive-semidefinite. The conjugate gradient method is often implemented as an iterative algorithm, applicable to sparse systems that are too large to be handled by a direct implementation or other direct methods such as the Cholesky decomposition. Large sparse systems often arise when numerically solving partial differential equations or optimization problems.

The conjugate gradient method can also be used to solve unconstrained optimization problems such as energy minimization. It is commonly attributed to Magnus Hestenes and Eduard Stiefel, who programmed it on the Z4, and extensively researched it.

The biconjugate gradient method provides a generalization to non-symmetric matrices. Various nonlinear conjugate gradient methods seek minima of nonlinear optimization problems.
2019 English Open (snooker)
The 2019 English Open (officially the 2019 19.com English Open) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 14 to 20 October 2019 at the K2 Leisure Centre in Crawley, England. It was the fourth ranking event of the 2019–20 snooker season and the first of the 2019 Home Nations Series. The event was the fourth edition of the English Open, first held in 2016. Betting company 19.com sponsored the tournament.

The defending champion was Stuart Bingham, who defeated Mark Davis 9–7 in the 2018 final. Bingham lost 1–4 to Si Jiahui in the second round of the tournament. Mark Selby defeated David Gilbert 9–1 in the final to win his 16th ranking title.

A total of 71 century breaks were made during the tournament. Tom Ford made the highest break of the event, his fifth career maximum break, and the second 147 of the season, in the deciding frame of his 4–3 win over Shaun Murphy in the last 16.

2016 English Open (snooker)
The 2016 English Open (officially the 2016 BetVictor English Open) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 10 and 16 October 2016 at the EventCity in Manchester, England. It was the seventh ranking event of the 2016/2017 season.

This was the inaugural English Open event, being held as part of a new Home Nations Series introduced in the 2016/2017 season with the existing Welsh Open and new Northern Ireland Open and Scottish Open tournaments. The winner of the English Open is awarded the Davis Trophy which is named in honour of six-time world champion Steve Davis.

Liang Wenbo captured his only ranking title by beating Judd Trump 9–6 in the final. As a result, he qualified for the Champion of Champions in November.

Alfie Burden made the 122nd official maximum break in the sixth frame of his first round match against Daniel Wells. It was Burden's first professional maximum break.
Steve Madison
Stephen Philip Favata (born April 9, 1983) is an American professional wrestler, known by his ringname "Modern Miracle" Steve Madison, who competes in Southeastern independent promotions including AWA World-1 South, Full Impact Pro, Future of Wrestling, NWA Florida and Dusty Rhodes' Turnbuckle Championship Wrestling. While in NWA Florida, he was part of the heel stable 911 Incorporated with Ron Niemi, Rod Steel, Eric Loy and The Shane Twins. He was also a member of The Young, Rich & Ready with Chasyn Rance and Kenny King.

Madison has also made appearances in Ring of Honor, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling and WWE, including its developmental territories Deep South Wrestling and Florida Championship Wrestling, as well Japanese promotions Big Mouth Loud, Fighting World of Japan Pro Wrestling and New Japan Pro-Wrestling. He formed successful tag teams with Erick Stevens and Lex Lovett while touring Japan.

Shane Twins
The Shane Twins (born December 21, 1967) are a professional wrestling tag team who consist of twin brothers Mike and Todd Shane. They were best known for their appearances in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) as the Gymini.
History of Gottolengo
The history of Gottolengo, an Italian municipality located in the Lower Brescian area not far from the borders with the provinces of Cremona and Mantua, can be traced back to as early as the 3rd millennium BC, although the present town was born only in Roman times and then developed over the following centuries.

In early medieval times the history of the town was closely linked to the presence of the Benedictine monastery of Leno, then Gottolengo came under the control of powerful local families and, later, of the Republic of Venice.

With the advent of Napoleon, Gottolengo was part of the Cisalpine Republic and, after its fall, of Lombardy-Venetia; in 1861 it was finally united to the nascent Kingdom of Italy, following its subsequent historical events.

Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, commonly called the "Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom", was a constituent land (crown land) of the Austrian Empire from 1815 to 1866. It was created in 1815 by resolution of the Congress of Vienna in recognition of the Austrian House of Habsburg-Lorraine's rights to the former Duchy of Milan and the former Republic of Venice after the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed in 1805, had collapsed.

The kingdom survived for only fifty years—the region of Lombardy was ceded to France in 1859 after the Second Italian War of Independence, which then immediately ceded it to the Kingdom of Sardinia. Lombardy-Venetia was finally dissolved in 1866 when its remaining territory was incorporated into the recently proclaimed Kingdom of Italy following the kingdom's victory against Austria in the Third Italian War of Independence.
T. J. Stiles
T. J. Stiles (born 1964) is an American biographer who lives in Berkeley, California.  His book The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009) won a National Book Award and the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. His book Custer's Trials: A Life on the Frontier of a New America received the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for History.

Pulitzer Prize for Biography
The Pulitzer Prize for Biography is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. The award honors "a distinguished and appropriately documented biography by an American author." Award winners receive US$15,000.

From 1917 to 2022, this prize was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and was awarded to a distinguished biography, autobiography or memoir by an American author or co-authors, published during the preceding calendar year. It is one of the original Pulitzers. The program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year.
The Good, the Bart, and the Loki
The Good, the Bart, and the Loki (also known as The Simpsons: The Good, the Bart, and the Loki) is an American animated short film based on the television series The Simpsons produced by Gracie Films and 20th Television Animation for Disney+. It is the fourth short film in The Simpsons franchise, and the second promotional short, after The Force Awakens from Its Nap (2021), that ties in with Disney+'s brands and titles. The Good, the Bart, and the Loki is directed by David Silverman and celebrates the Marvel Cinematic Universe, particularly its television series Loki, with Tom Hiddleston reprising his role as Loki. The short was released on July 7, 2021, on Disney+, alongside the fifth episode of Loki.

The Force Awakens from Its Nap
Maggie Simpson in "The Force Awakens from Its Nap" is an animated short film based on the television series The Simpsons. The short was released on May 4, 2021, on Disney+ in celebration of Star Wars Day.

It is the third short film featuring Maggie Simpson, following The Longest Daycare (2012) and Playdate with Destiny (2020). It is the first Simpsons short film related to Star Wars, followed by Rogue Not Quite One (2023; also featuring Maggie Simpson) and May the 12th Be with You (2024). The promotional short is the first of several from The Simpsons that Disney+ has released since 2021, to tie in with the service's marquee brands and titles.
Rustom Faramroze Contractor
Vice Admiral Rustom Faramroze 'Rusi' Contractor, PVSM, AVSM, NM is a former flag officer in the Indian Navy. He last served as the 17th Director General of the Indian Coast Guard, from 2006 to 2008. He earlier served as the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet and commanded the aircraft carrier INS Viraat (R22).

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Hoxton railway station
Hoxton is a station on the Windrush line of the London Overground, located in the London Borough of Hackney in East London. It is on the Kingsland Viaduct, with the station entrance situated on Geffrye Street near Dunloe Street and Cremer Street, behind the Museum of the Home.

The station was officially opened on 27 April 2010 as part of the East London line extension project, initially with week-day services running between Dalston Junction and New Cross or New Cross Gate. On 23 May 2010 services were extended from New Cross Gate to West Croydon or Crystal Palace.

New Cross railway station
New Cross is an interchange station between the Windrush line of the London Overground and National Rail services operated by Southeastern, located in New Cross in south-east London. It is 4 miles 68 chains (7.8 km) down the line from London Charing Cross and is in London fare zone 2. It is a southern terminus of some Windrush line services from Dalston Junction.

There is an out-of-station interchange with New Cross Gate station, also situated on the Windrush line of the London Overground, located 620 metres (2,030 ft) walk away. To avoid confusion with those at New Cross Gate, the platforms at New Cross are lettered rather than numbered. Ticket barriers control access to all platforms.
Star Star Broadcasting Station
Star Star Broadcasting Station (Chinese: 星星廣播電臺; pinyin: xīng xīng guǎngbò diàntái, ENIGMA2000: V13), also known as Xing Xing, and often misidentified as "New Star", is a short wave numbers station in a frequency of upwards of 8000 kHz upper sideband modulation (USB), broadcasting from Taiwan, and is known for its introductory segments of Chinese flute playing.

Believed to be operated by Taiwan's Military Intelligence Bureau of Ministry of Defence, it is broadcast from the Guanyin station of the Voice of Han Broadcasting of Ministry of Defence, and address to Taiwanese intelligence agents operating within mainland China.

Numbers station
A numbers station is a shortwave radio station characterized by broadcasts of formatted numbers, which are believed to be addressed to intelligence officers operating in foreign countries. Most identified stations use speech synthesis to vocalize numbers, although digital modes such as phase-shift keying and frequency-shift keying, as well as Morse code transmissions, are not uncommon. Most stations have set time schedules or schedule patterns; however, some appear to have no discernible pattern and broadcast at random times. Stations may have set frequencies in the high-frequency band.

Numbers stations have been reported since at least the start of World War I and continue in use today. Amongst amateur radio enthusiasts, there is an interest in monitoring and classifying numbers stations, with many being given nicknames to represent their quirks and features or origins.
Darkhad
The Darkhad (Mongolian: Дархад [tár̥χət]) are a subgroup of the Mongols living mainly in northern Mongolia; particularly in the Bayanzürkh, Ulaan-Uul, Renchinlkhümbe, Tsagaannuur Districts of Khövsgöl Province. They speak a regional variant of Mongolian known as the Darkhad dialect. As of the 2000 census, 16,268 people identified themselves as Darkhad.

The Darkhad were originally part of the Oirat or Khotgoid tribes. Between 1549 and 1686, they were subjects of Zasagt Khan aimag and the Khotgoid Altan Khan. In 1786 they became part of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu's shabi otog. At roughly the same time they became known as Black Darkhad.

Many Darkhad practise shamanism.

The Darkhad valley is named after them.

Darkhad dialect
Darkhad (also "Darkhat") is a dialect in-between Central Mongolian and Oirat still variously seen as closer to Oirat or as a dialect of Khalkha Mongolian with some Oirat features. However, it seems to have substantially assimilated to the Khalkha dialect since it first was described by Sanžeev, and some classificational differences seem to be due to what historical (or even ideal) state got classified. Ethnologue reports a population of 24,000 without providing a date. Speakers live mainly in the west of Lake Khövsgöl in the sums Bayanzürkh, Ulaan-Uul and Rinchinlkhümbe in the Khövsgöl Province of Mongolia.
Port Neill
Port Neill (formerly Carrow) is a small coastal town on the eastern side of the Eyre Peninsula, in South Australia about 3 km off the Lincoln Highway between the major towns of Whyalla and Port Lincoln. It is 576 km by road from Adelaide.

The town offers protected beaches for swimming, as well as providing a venue for fishing, boating, sailing, skiing or skin-diving.

Whyalla
Whyalla /waɪˈælə/ is a city in South Australia. It was founded as Hummock's Hill, and was known by that name until 1916. It is the fourth most populous city in the Australian state of South Australia after Adelaide, Mount Gambier, and Gawler, and along with Port Pirie and Port Augusta is one of the three towns to make up the "Iron Triangle".  It is a seaport located on the east coast of the Eyre Peninsula and is known as the "Steel City" due to its integrated steelworks and shipbuilding heritage. The Whyalla Steelworks is the major employer in the town, and has in February 2025 been put into voluntary administration by the Government of South Australia. The port of Whyalla has been exporting iron ore since 1903.