hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Connotation (semiotics)
This word has distinct meanings in logic, philosophy, and common usage.  See connotation.

In semiotics, connotation arises when the denotative relationship between a signifier and its signified is inadequate to serve the needs of the community. A second level of meanings is termed connotative. These meanings are not objective representations of the thing, but new usages produced by the language group.

Subject and object (philosophy)
In philosophy, a subject is a being that exercises agency, undergoes conscious experiences, and is situated in relation to other things that exist outside itself; thus, a subject is any individual, person, or observer. An object is any of the things observed or experienced by a subject, which may even include other beings (thus, from their own points of view: other subjects).

A simple common differentiation for subject and object is: an observer versus a thing that is observed. In certain cases involving personhood, subjects and objects can be considered interchangeable where each label is applied only from one or the other point of view. Subjects and objects are related to the philosophical distinction between subjectivity and objectivity: the existence of knowledge, ideas, or information either dependent upon a subject (subjectivity) or independent from any subject (objectivity).
Solar eclipse of August 23, 2044
A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Monday, August 22 and Tuesday, August 23, 2044, with a magnitude of 1.0364. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.1 days after perigee (on August 21, 2044, at 0:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.

This will be the last of 41 umbral solar eclipses in Solar Saros 126.

Solar Saros 126
Saros cycle series 126 for solar eclipses occurs at the Moon's descending node, repeating every 18 years and 11 days, containing 72 eclipses, 41 of which are umbral (28 annular, 3 hybrid, 10 total). The first eclipse was on 10 March 1179 and the last will be on 3 May 2459, lasting 1,280 years. The most recent eclipse was a total eclipse on 1 August 2008 and the next will be a total eclipse on 12 August 2026.

The longest totality was 2 minutes 36 seconds on 10 July 1972 and the longest annular was 6 minutes 30 seconds on 26 June 1359.

This solar saros is linked to Lunar Saros 119.
Sohail Ahmed
Sohail Ahmed (Punjabi: سہیل احمد) (born 1 May 1963), also known as Azizi (Urdu: عزیزی), is a Pakistani actor, comedian and director.

He appears in television serials, movies and comedy stage plays principally based in Lahore.

Sohail Ahmed is best known to the wider public for his character of Azizi in the Dunya TV comedy show Hasb-e-Haal, where he has been active since 2009. His character was developed in collaboration with his co-anchor Aftab Iqbal when Hasb-e-Haal started on Dunya News.

Dunya News
Dunya News HD (Urdu: دنیا نیوز) is a 24-hour Urdu language news and current affairs television channel from Pakistan. It is governed and operated by the National Communication Services (NCS) Pvt. Ltd. Its head office is situated at Lahore. Dunya News was founded and is owned by the Pakistani businessman and politician Mian Amer Mahmood. It has numerous, news-centred television shows, like Dunya Meher Bokhari Kay Sath and On The Front with kamran Shahid as well as satirical infotainment shows like Hasb-e-Haal.
Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission
The Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission is a functional department under the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China of corps grade, charged with coordinating the People's Liberation Army's relationships with foreign militaries. It grew out of the PLA's Foreign Affairs Office, founded in 1951. It was founded on January 11, 2016, under Xi Jinping's military reforms. Its current director is Major General Li Bin.

Deepening National Defense and Military Reform
The Deepening National Defense and Military Reform is a major restructuring of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), launched in 2015 by Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party since 2012. It flattened the command structure and allowed the CCP to have more control over the military, with the aim of strengthening the combat capability of the PLA.
Mill Creek, Washington
Mill Creek is a city in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. It is located between the cities of Everett and Lynnwood, approximately 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Seattle. The city has a population of 20,926 as of the 2020 census. The city lies along State Route 527 and North Creek, a tributary of the Sammamish River, on the east side of Interstate 5.

The city is one of the highest-income suburbs in the Seattle metropolitan area and was originally a planned community conceived in the 1970s. The planned development was centered around a country club and golf course, with other development occurring nearby in later phases. It was incorporated as a city in 1983, shortly after the completion of the first phase of development, and underwent major population growth due to continued suburban development and annexation of nearby areas. The city's downtown area is centered around the Mill Creek Town Center, a mixed-use lifestyle center and retail complex that opened in 2004.

Sammamish River
The Sammamish River (also known as Sammamish Slough) flows through north King County, Washington for about 14 miles (23 km), draining Lake Sammamish into Lake Washington. Along its course, the Sammamish River flows through Redmond,  Woodinville, Bothell, and Kenmore.

The river is named after the native people who once lived along its entire length.
Augustin Ringeval
Augustin Ringeval was a French cyclist of the early 1900s. He was born in Aubigny-aux-Kaisnes in 1882.

Among other competitions, he participated in his first Tour de France in 1905. He went on to participate in many other Tours until 1913,

He died in 1967.

1905 Tour de France
The 1905 Tour de France was the third edition of the Tour de France, held from 9 to 30 July, organised by the newspaper L'Auto. Following the disqualifications after the 1904 Tour de France, there were changes in the rules, the most important one being the general classification not made by time but by points. The race saw the introduction of mountains in the Tour de France, and René Pottier excelled in the first mountain, although he could not finish the race.
Due in part to some of the rule changes, the 1905 Tour de France had less cheating and sabotage than in previous years, though they were not eliminated. It was won by Louis Trousselier, who also won four of the eleven stages.
Oxycarboxin
Oxycarboxin is an organic chemical used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. It was first marketed by Uniroyal in 1969 under the brand name Plantvax. The compound is a benzanilide analog which combines a heterocyclic acid with aniline to give an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI).

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Khatira Bashirli
Khatira Badraddin qizi Bashirli (Azerbaijani: Xatirə Bədrəddin qızı Bəşirli; 5 January 1958) is a doctor of philology, professor, assistant director of science of the National Museum of Azerbaijani Literature named after Nizami Ganjavi of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, chairman of the first regional organization “The museologist” of New Azerbaijan Party (NAP) of Sabail region.

Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature
The National museum of Azerbaijan literature, named after Nizami Ganjavi (Azerbaijani: Nizami Gəncəvi adına Milli Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatı muzeyi) is a museum in Baku, established in 1939. It is located near the entrance of Icheri Sheher, not far from the Fountains Square. The museum is considered one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture.
Slingerland Drum Company
Slingerland is a United States manufacturer of drums and formerly bugles.  The company was founded in 1912 and enjoyed several decades of prominence in the industry before the 1980s.  After ceasing operation in the early 1980s, Slingerland was acquired by Gibson, who briefly revived it and owned it until November 2019, before selling Slingerland to DW Drums, who announced the intention of re-launching the brand.  Slingerland is strongly associated with jazz drummers, such as Gene Krupa and Buddy Rich, who played signature instruments made by the company.  Although primarily known for its drums, in the 1930s Slingerland also produced electric and acoustic guitars, violins, mandolins, banjos and ukuleles.

Ludwig Drums
Ludwig Drums is a United States musical instrument manufacturer, focused on percussion. It is a subsidiary of Conn-Selmer.

Products manufactured by Ludwig include timpani, drum kits, and drum hardware. The company also makes keyboard percussion instruments, such as marimbas, vibraphones, and xylophones, through the Ludwig-Musser brand.
Aaron Clapham
Aaron Daniel Clapham (born 15 January 1987) is a former New Zealand footballer and current Football coach. Clapham spent most of his senior footballing career with ISPS Handa Premiership club Canterbury United FC.

Canterbury United Dragons
Canterbury United Dragons was a semi-professional football club from Christchurch, New Zealand. The team plays most of its matches at English Park in Christchurch, though they occasionally play in Nelson. The club last played in the ISPS Handa Premiership, the now folded top level of football in New Zealand.
Thomas Pähtz
Thomas Pähtz, sometimes spelled Paehtz (born 4 September 1956) is a German chess Grandmaster (GM, 1990) who two times won East Germany Chess Championship (1988, 1990) and won German Chess Championship (1993).

German Chess Championship
The German Chess Championship has been played since 1861, and determines the national champion. Prior to 1880, three different federations organized chess activities in Germany: the Westdeutscher Schachbund (WDSB), the Norddeutscher Schachbund (NDSB) and the Mitteldeutscher Schachbund (MDSB). Each one organized its own championship. In 1880, the nationwide Deutscher Schachbund was founded, so afterwards only one German championship was played.

Starting from 1933, the Nazi Party took control of all social activities and until 1943 all chess championships were organized by the Großdeutscher Schachbund. After the end of World War II, separate championships were played in the occupied zones. Afterwards, from 1950 to 1989, two national championships were held in the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. After the reunification of Germany in 1989, a single tournament has been played.
American Association of Teachers of Arabic
The American Association of Teachers of Arabic (AATA) is a professional society that promotes the study of Arabic and Arabic literature in the United States. It was founded in 1963 under the auspices of the Modern Language Association and is affiliated with the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages and the Middle East Studies Association. Its current president is Dris Soulaimani of San Diego State University. It publishes an annual academic journal, Al-ʿArabiyya, and formerly published a newsletter, An-Nashra.

Modern Language Association
The Modern Language Association of America, often referred to as the Modern Language Association (MLA), is widely considered the principal professional association in the United States for scholars of language and literature. The MLA aims to "strengthen the study and teaching of language and literature". The organization includes over 20,000 members in 100 countries, primarily academic scholars, professors, and graduate students who study or teach language and literature, including English, other modern languages, and comparative literature. Although founded in the United States, with offices in New York City, the MLA's membership, concerns, reputation, and influence are international in scope.
Joshua Lubwama
Joshua Lubwama aka Letti, Song, Tallest Muganda (born 25 May 1998) is a Ugandan professional football player who plays as the defensive midfielder for Uganda Revenue Authority SC (URAFC). Lubwama achieved some international experience having represented Uganda in the CAF Champions League beach soccer Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) in Mozambique.

Uganda Revenue Authority FC
Uganda Revenue Authority Football Club (abbreviated as URA FC) is a Ugandan football team based in the national capital Kampala. The club plays in the Ugandan Premier League and was founded in 1997. They have won the Ugandan Premier League four times and the Uganda Cup three times. On the continent, URA FC has represented Uganda seven times, six times in the CAF champions league and once in the CAF confederation Cup.
Lee Moorhouse
Lee Leander Moorhouse (1850–1926) was an American photographer and an Indian agent for the Umatilla Indian Reservation.  From 1888 to 1916, he produced over 9,000 images documenting urban, rural, and Native American life in the Columbia Basin, and particularly Umatilla County, Oregon, and the city of Pendleton.

Pendleton, Oregon
Pendleton is a city in and the county seat of Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. The population was 17,107 at the time of the 2020 census, which includes approximately 1,600 people who are incarcerated at Eastern Oregon Correctional Institution.

Pendleton is the smaller of the two principal cities of the Hermiston–Pendleton Micropolitan Statistical Area. This micropolitan area covers Morrow and Umatilla counties and had a combined population of 92,261 at the 2020 census.
Israel Wood Powell (British Columbia politician)
Israel Wood Powell (April 27, 1836 – February 25, 1915) was British Columbia's first superintendent of Indian Affairs and a businessman, politician and doctor. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island from 1863 to 1866.

Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island
The Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island, sometimes House of Assembly of Vancouver Island, was the colonial parliamentary body that was elected to represent voters in the Colony of Vancouver Island.  It was created in 1856 after a series of petitions were sent to the Colonial Office in London protesting the Hudson's Bay Company's proprietary rule over the colony.  It was the first elected assembly in British North America west of Ontario. Although at first only handful of colonists met the voting requirement, and most of those that did were tied to the HBC, the franchise was gradually extended, and the assembly began to assert demands for more control over colonial affairs, as well as criticize colonial governor Sir James Douglas's inherent conflict of interest as both governor and Hudson Bay Company's chief factor.
Daryl DeLeon
Daryl DeLeon Taylor (born 2 August 2005) is a Filipino-British racing driver currently competing in the British Touring Car Championship for West Surrey Racing. He is a race winner in both Radical Cup UK, the British Endurance Championship, and British Touring Car Championship where he made his debut in 2023 with Team HARD.

DeLeon scored his first BTCC win in 2025, winning Race 2 on the Brands Hatch Indy Circuit, driving a WSR BMW.

British Touring Car Championship
The British Touring Car Championship (BTCC), officially known as the Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship for sponsorship reasons, is a touring car racing series held each year in the United Kingdom, currently organised and administered by TOCA. It was established in 1958 as the British Saloon Car Championship and was renamed as the British Touring Car Championship for the 1987 season. It is one of the oldest, most popular and most prestigious touring car series in the world. The championship, currently running Next Generation Touring Car regulations, has been run to various national and international regulations over the years including FIA Group 2, FIA Group 5, FIA Group 1, FIA Group A, FIA Super Touring and FIA Super 2000. A lower-key Group N class for production cars ran from 2000 until 2003.
2013–14 V AFG
The 2013–14 V Football Group season was the 64th season of the Bulgarian V Group. The group comprises the third level of the Bulgarian football pyramid and is divided into four geographic regions: North-West, North-East, South-East, and South-West.

The top team from each region was directly promoted to the B Group for season 2014–15. The bottom two teams of each division were relegated to their respective regional groups at the fourth level of the football league system for the following season.

Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian Second Professional Football League (Bulgarian: Втора професионална футболна лига, romanized: Vtora Profesionalna Futbolna Liga), also known as Second League (Bulgarian: Втора Лига) or Vtora liga (currently known as Mr. Bit Second League for sponsorship reasons), is the second level of the Bulgarian football league system, below First League and above the Third League. Twenty teams take part in the league, each playing twice against all the other, once home and once away. Most matches are played on Saturdays and Sundays. The league is administered by the Bulgarian Professional Football League.

In 2016, the B Group's name was rebranded to Second Professional Football League.
Francis Mugliston
Francis Hugh Mugliston OBE (7 June 1886 – 3 October 1932) was an English cricketer. A right-handed batsman and right-arm slow-medium bowler, he played first-class cricket for various teams between 1905 and 1911, mainly for Cambridge University. He was an all-round sportsman at Cambridge University where he won Blues for cricket, Association football and golf.

Blue (university sport)
A blue is an award of sporting colours earned by athletes at some universities and schools for competition at the highest level. The awarding of blues began at Oxford and Cambridge universities in England. They are now awarded at a number of other British universities and at some universities in Australia and New Zealand.
Jabari Arthur
Jabari Arthur (born August 28, 1982) is a Canadian football coach who serves as the running backs coach for the Edmonton Elks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a former professional wide receiver who played for eight years in the CFL. He is a two-time Grey Cup champion after winning with the Calgary Stampeders in 2008 and 2014. He is also a Vanier Cup champion with the Calgary Dinos following the team's victory in the 2019 game.

Arthur prepped at Vanier College in Montreal, winning Offensive Player-of-the-Year and Player-of-the-Year during the 2001 season. Arthur's play earned him a scholarship offer from the University of Akron, where Arthur would redshirt in 2003. After his redshirt year, new head coach J. D. Brookhart converted Arthur to a wide receiver. Currently, Arthur can be seen in the University of Akron Hall Of Fame.

He signed with the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL as a rookie free agent. Arthur was released by the Chiefs on August 30, 2008.

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
Germame Neway
Germame Neway (Ge'ez: ገርማሜ ንዋይ; 14 August 1924 – 24 December 1960) was an Ethiopian politician known for his role in 1960 Ethiopian coup d'état attempt. He was leader of the Wolayita province, and the Somali province. Germame was a member of the aristocracy of Shewa. He died by suicide on 24 December 1960.

Wolayita Zone
Wolayita or Wolaita is an administrative zone in Ethiopia.  Wolayita is bordered on the south by Gamo Zone, on the west by the Omo River which separates it from Dawro, on the northwest by Kembata Zone and Tembaro Special Woreda, on the north by Hadiya, on the northeast by the Oromia Region, on the east by the Bilate River which separates it from Sidama Region, and on the south east by the Lake Abaya which separates it from Oromia Region. The administrative centre of Wolayita is Wolaita Sodo. Other major towns are Areka, Boditi, Tebela, Bale Hawassa, Gesuba, Gununo, Bedessa and Dimtu.

Wolayita has 358 kilometres (222 mi) of all-weather roads and 425 kilometres (264 mi) of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 187 kilometres per 1000 square kilometres. Its highest point is Mount Damota (2738 meters).
Church and 18th Street station
Church and 18th Street station (also known as Right Of Way/18th Street) is a light rail stop on the Muni Metro J Church line, located in the northwest corner of Dolores Park in San Francisco, California. The stop opened with the line on August 11, 1917. The eastbound (inbound) platform is located inside Dolores Park on Muni's right of way; the westbound (outbound) platform is a traffic island on Church Street. Mini-high platforms providing access to people with disabilities are located inside the park next to 18th Street.

The stop is also served by bus route 33 plus the J Bus which provides service along the J Church line during the early morning when trains do not operate.

In March 2014, Muni released details of the proposed implementation of their Transit Effectiveness Project (later rebranded MuniForward), which included a variety of stop changes for the J Church line. Under that proposal, the westbound platform would be moved inside Dolores Park opposite the eastbound platform.

J Church
The J Church is an urban rail transit line of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. It has both light rail and streetcar segments. The line runs between Embarcadero station and Balboa Park station through Noe Valley. Opened on August 11, 1917, it is the oldest and has the lowest ridership of all of the Muni Metro lines.: 21, 47
Song Tao (diplomat)
Song Tao (Chinese: 宋涛; born April 1955) is a Chinese politician and diplomat, currently serving as director of the State Council Taiwan Affairs Office since December 2022. He served as head of the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party from 2015 to 2022. He was previously Chinese ambassador to Guyana, the Philippines, the disciplinary chief of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and executive deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Office.

Taiwan Affairs Office
The Taiwan Affairs Office is an administrative agency under the State Council of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is responsible for cross-strait relations and sets and implements guidelines and policies related to Taiwan, which is claimed by the People's Republic of China as a province of its own. This organization has no relationship with the Taiwan government.

Under the "one institution with two names" arrangement, it is also the Chinese Communist Party's Taiwan Work Office of the Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs under the CCP Central Committee; the party title is used for party-to-party interactions with Taiwan.