hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014 Vermont Senate election
The 2014 Vermont Senate election took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Vermont voters elected State Senators in all 30 seats. State senators serve two-year terms in the Vermont Senate. The election coincided with elections for other offices including the  U.S. House, Governor, and State House. A primary election held on August 26, 2014, determined which candidates appeared on the November 4 general election ballot.

Following the 2012 Senate elections, Democrats maintained control of the Senate with 23 members in the majority caucus (21 Democrats and 2 Progressives). To claim control of the chamber from Democrats, the Republicans would have needed to net gain 8 or 9 seats depending on the winner of the 2014 Vermont lieutenant gubernatorial election, which was Republican Phil Scott. The Republicans gained 2 seats from the Democrats.

2014 Vermont elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Vermont on November 4, 2014. All of Vermont's executive officers were up for election as well as Vermont's at-large seat in the United States House of Representatives. Primary elections were held on June 3, 2014.
Marquis of Veere and Flushing
Marquis of Veere and Flushing (Dutch: Markies van Veere en Vlissingen) is one of the titles of the kings and queens of the Netherlands. It was originally a Dutch title of nobility referring to the cities of Veere and Vlissingen, in the southwestern Netherlands. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V created the title in 1555 for his distant relative, Maximilian of Burgundy, who had by then ruled as Lord of Veere. After being held by the kings of Spain and England and claimed by the kings in Prussia, it definitively passed to the House of Orange-Nassau.

Style of the Dutch sovereign
The style of the Dutch sovereign has changed many times since the establishment of the Kingdom of the Netherlands due to formations and dissolutions of personal unions, as well as due to marriages of female sovereigns and cognatic successions.
PaintTool SAI
PaintTool SAI or Easy Paint Tool SAI (ペイントツールSAI) is a lightweight raster graphics editor and painting software for Microsoft Windows developed by Koji Komatsu (小松 浩司, Komatsu Kōji) and published by Systemax. The prototype of the software was "Full Color Paint Tool -Sai-" (フルカラーペイントツール-彩-, Furukarā peinto tsūru -Sai-) for X68000, produced in October 1996; Development of the software began on August 2, 2004, with an alpha version released on October 13, 2006, a beta version on December 21, 2007, and a commercial version (1.0.0) on February 25, 2008. It has been available on Microsoft Windows from XP to 11. A version 2 is currently in development.

Raster graphics editor
A raster graphics editor (also called bitmap graphics editor) is a computer program that allows users to create and edit images interactively on the computer screen and save them in one of many raster graphics file formats (also known as bitmap images) such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF.
Marginalism
Marginalism is a theory of economics that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility. It states that the reason why the price of diamonds is higher than that of water, for example, owes to the greater additional satisfaction of the diamonds over the water. Thus, while the water has greater total utility, the diamond has greater marginal utility.

Although the central concept of marginalism is that of marginal utility, marginalists, following the lead of Alfred Marshall, drew upon the idea of marginal physical productivity in explanation of cost. The neoclassical tradition that emerged from British marginalism abandoned the concept of utility and gave marginal rates of substitution a more fundamental role in analysis. Marginalism is an integral part of mainstream economic theory.

Mainstream economics
Mainstream economics is the body of knowledge, theories, and models of economics, as taught by universities worldwide, that are generally accepted by economists as a basis for discussion. Also known as orthodox economics, it can be contrasted to heterodox economics, which encompasses various schools or approaches that are only accepted by a minority of economists.

The economics profession has traditionally been associated with neoclassical economics. However, this association has been challenged by prominent historians of economic thought including David Colander. They argue the current economic mainstream theories, such as game theory, behavioral economics, industrial organization, information economics, and the like, share very little common ground with the initial axioms of neoclassical economics.
Melaleuca megalongensis
Melaleuca megalongensis, commonly known as Megalong Valley bottlebrush, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. (Some Australian state herbaria use the name Callistemon megalongensis). It is a shrub similar to Melaleuca citrina (Callistemon citrinus) which occurs in the same area and is difficult to distinguish from it, except when in flower.

Melaleuca citrina
Melaleuca citrina, the common red bottlebrush, crimson bottlebrush, or lemon bottlebrush, is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. Some Australian state herbaria continue to use the name Callistemon citrinus. It is a hardy and adaptable species, common in its natural habitat. It is widely cultivated, not only in Australia. It was one of the first Australian plants to be grown outside the country, having been taken to England in 1770 by Joseph Banks. Its showy red flower spikes, present over most of the year in an ideal situation, account for its popularity.
Post-creole continuum
A post-creole continuum (or simply creole continuum) is a dialect continuum of varieties of a creole language between those most and least similar to the superstrate language (that is, a closely related language whose speakers assert or asserted dominance of some sort). Due to social, political, and economic factors, a creole language can decreolize towards one of the languages from which it is descended, aligning its morphology, phonology, and syntax to the local standard of the dominant language but to different degrees depending on a speaker's status.

Decreolization
Decreolization is a postulated phenomenon whereby over time a creole language reconverges with the lexifier from which it originally derived. The notion has attracted criticism from linguists who argue there is little theoretical or empirical basis on which to postulate a process of language change which is particular to creole languages.
Salaria
Salaria is a genus of fish in the family Blenniidae. It now contains marine species which are found around the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Freshwater species were reallocated to Salariopsis in 2022.  One species, the peacock blenny, has colonised the northern Red Sea through the Suez Canal, a process knowns as anti-Lesspesian migration.

Peacock blenny
Salaria pavo, the peacock blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in the eastern Atlantic coast from France to Morocco; also in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the eastern Adriatic Sea. This species has colonised the northern Red Sea by anti-Lessepsian migration through the Suez Canal. The peacock blenny reaches a length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in) TL. The peacock blenny have unique reproductive behaviors. Bourgeois males typically build and guard nests. Sneaker males will mimic female behaviors in order to approach nests and fertilize eggs.
Shrove Monday
Shrove Monday (also known as Collopy Monday, Rose Monday, Merry Monday or Hall Monday) is part of the Shrovetide or Carnival observances and celebrations of the week before Lent, following Quinquagesima or Shrove Sunday and preceding Shrove Tuesday or Mardi Gras.

Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras (UK: /ˌmɑːrdi ˈɡrɑː/; US: /ˈmɑːrdi ɡrɑː/), also known as Shrove Tuesday, is the final day of Carnival (also known as Shrovetide or Fastelavn); it thus falls on the day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras ([maʁdi ɡʁa]) is French for "Fat Tuesday", referring to it being the last day of consuming rich, fatty foods, most notably red meat, in preparation for the Christian fasting season of Lent, during which such foods are avoided.

Related popular practices are associated with Carnival celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent. In countries such as the United Kingdom, Mardi Gras is more usually known as Pancake Day or (traditionally) Shrove Tuesday, derived from the word shrive, meaning "to administer the sacrament of confession to; to absolve".
Antonio Adipe
Antonio Ricardo Adipe Marrone (born 24 April 1912, date of death unknown) was a Uruguayan boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936 he was eliminated in the second round of the light heavyweight class after losing his fight to Thomas Griffin of Great Britain.

Tom Griffin (boxer)
Thomas James Griffin (25 January 1913 – September 1984) was a British boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

In 1936 he was eliminated in the quarterfinals of the light heavyweight class after losing his fight to eventual bronze medalist Francisco Risiglione.
Alberta Gallatin
Alberta Gallatin (April 5, 1861 – August 25, 1948) was an American stage and film actress active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During her near forty-year career she acted in support of the likes of Elizabeth Crocker Bowers, James O’Neil, Edwin Booth, Joseph Jefferson, Thomas W. Keene, Richard Mansfield, Johnston Forbes-Robertson, Minnie Maddern Fiske, Otis Skinner, Maurice Barrymore, Joseph Adler, E. H. Sothern and James K. Hackett. Gallatin was perhaps best remembered by theatergoers for her varied classical roles, as Mrs. Alving in Henrik Ibsen's domestic tragedy Ghosts and the central character in the Franz Grillparzer tragedy Sappho. Counted among her few film roles was the part of Mrs. MacCrea in the 1914 silent film The Christian, an early 8-reel production based on the novel by Hall Caine.

According to at least one of her obituaries, the American critic Alexander Woollcott had considered Gallatin "the greatest American-born actress ever to grace the stage."

Minnie Maddern Fiske
Minnie Maddern Fiske (born Marie Augusta Davey; December 19, 1865 – February 15, 1932), but often billed simply as Mrs. Fiske, was one of the leading American actresses of the late 19th and early 20th century. She also spearheaded the fight against the Theatrical Syndicate for the sake of artistic freedom. She was widely considered the most important actress on the American stage in the first quarter of the 20th century. Her performances in several Henrik Ibsen plays helped introduce American audiences to the Norwegian playwright. She was also an influential campaigner for improving animal welfare.
White Irish
White Irish is an ethnicity classification used in the census in the United Kingdom for England, Scotland and Wales. In the 2021 census, the White Irish population was 564,342 or 0.9% of Great Britain's total population. This was a slight fall from the 2011 census which recorded 585,177 or 1% of the total population.

This total does not include the White Irish population estimate for Northern Ireland, where only the term 'White' is used in ethnic classification and such White British people and White Irish are amalgamated. National identity is listed separately in NI, where 28.7% of those who identified as White classified themselves as Irish only or Irish with one or more additional categories (e.g. Irish and Northern Irish at 1.1%), making up a significant portion of the population.

Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom
A number of different systems of classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom exist. These schemata have been the subject of debate, including about the nature of ethnicity, how or whether it can be categorised, and the relationship between ethnicity, race, and nationality.
Herbert Blumer
Herbert George Blumer (March 7, 1900 – April 13, 1987) was an American sociologist whose main scholarly interests were symbolic interactionism and methods of social research. Believing that individuals create social reality through collective and individual action, he was an avid interpreter and proponent of George Herbert Mead's social psychology, which he labeled symbolic interactionism. Blumer elaborated and developed this line of thought in a series of articles, many of which were brought together in the book Symbolic Interactionism. An ongoing theme throughout his work, he argued that the creation of social reality is a continuous process. Blumer was also a vociferous critic of positivistic methodological ideas in sociology.

George Herbert Mead
George Herbert Mead (February 27, 1863 – April 26, 1931) was an American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago. He was one of the key figures in the development of pragmatism. He is regarded as one of the founders of symbolic interactionism, and was an important influence on what has come to be referred to as the Chicago School of Sociology.
Karen Webb
Karen Leanne Webb, APM (née Keefe; born 25 December 1969) is an Australian former police officer, who replaced Mick Fuller as the Commissioner of the New South Wales Police Force in February 2022. Webb was the first woman appointed to this office. She left the position on 6 June 2025.

Australian Police Medal
The Australian Police Medal (APM) is awarded for distinguished service by a member of an Australian police force.
The APM was introduced in 1986, and replaced the Imperial King’s Police Medal for Gallantry and King’s Police Medal for Distinguished Service.

Awards are made by the Governor-General, on the nomination of the responsible federal minister or respective state premier or territory chief minister. Recipients of the Australian Police Medal are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "APM".
Waikumete Stream
The Waikumete Stream is a stream of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows north from its sources in Titirangi, before joining the Oratia Stream. Both bodies are tributaries of Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek, which flows into the western Waitematā Harbour. The stream passes through the suburbs of Titirangi, Kaurilands, Glen Eden and Sunnyvale, and since the mid-2000s has been forested with native flora.

Titirangi
Titirangi is a suburb of West Auckland in the Waitākere Ranges local board area of the city of Auckland in northern New Zealand. It is an affluent, residential suburb located 13 km (8.1 mi) to the southwest of the Auckland city centre, at the southern end of the Waitākere Ranges. In the Māori language "Titirangi" means "hill reaching up to the sky".
Roc de Fer
Roc de Fer (French: "iron rock") is a World Cup downhill Alpine skiing course in Méribel, France, which is part of the large interlinked ski area known as Les Trois Vallées in the Savoie department of France, near Mont Blanc. The course was originally created for the 1992 Winter Olympics and has since played host to the World Cup season finals in 2015 and 2022 and the 2023 FIS World Ski Championships, the latter two in conjunction with the L’Éclipse course in the neighboring town of Courchevel.

Roc de Fer is considered venue for 2030 Winter Olympics Alpine skiing events.

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2023
The 47th FIS Alpine World Ski Championships took place from 6 to 19 February 2023 in two neighboring locations in the French Alps, Courchevel and Méribel.

The location was decided in May 2018 during the 51st FIS Congress in Costa Navarino (Greece), where Courchevel-Méribel won against Austrian Saalbach-Hinterglemm with 9 to 6 votes.

The same two towns already hosted parts of the 1992 Winter Olympic Games. In Courchevel, ski jumping and the Nordic combination took place, and Méribel was the location for the women's alpine skiing.
Battle of Moore's Mill
The Battle of Moore's Mill was an American Civil War battle that took place in Central Missouri on July 28, 1862, along Auxvasse Creek near modern-day Calwood. This engagement, the Battle of Kirksville a week later, and the Battle of Compton's Ferry would drive the main Southern recruiters from northern Missouri. The Moore's Mill Battlefield was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

Battle of Kirksville
The Battle of Kirksville took place during the American Civil War and was fought in the town of Kirksville, Missouri, on August 6, 1862. The Union victory helped consolidate Federal control over northeastern Missouri.
Charles IV of Spain and His Family
Charles IV of Spain and His Family is an oil-on-canvas group portrait painting by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya. He began work on the painting in 1800, shortly after he became First Chamber Painter to the royal family, and completed it in the summer of 1801.

The portrait features life-sized depictions of Charles IV of Spain and his family, ostentatiously dressed in fine costume and jewellery. Foremost in the painting are Charles IV and his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma, who are surrounded by their children and relatives. The family are dressed in the height of contemporary fashionable clothing and lavishly adorned with jewellery and the sashes of the order of Charles III.

The painting was modelled after Louis-Michel van Loo's 1743 Portrait of Felipe V and his Family and Velázquez's Las Meninas, setting the royal subjects in a similarly naturalistic setting as they pose for the artist who is visible at his easel at the left of the canvas.

Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV (Spanish: Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno José Januario Serafín Diego de Borbón y Sajonia; 11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain and ruler of the Spanish Empire from 1788 to 1808.

The Spain inherited by Charles IV gave few indications of instability, but during his reign, Spain entered a series of disadvantageous alliances and his regime constantly sought cash to deal with the exigencies of war. He detested his son and heir Ferdinand, who led the unsuccessful El Escorial Conspiracy and later forced Charles's abdication after the Tumult of Aranjuez in March 1808, along with ousting Charles's widely hated first minister Manuel Godoy. Summoned to Bayonne by Napoleon Bonaparte, who forced Ferdinand VII to abdicate, Charles IV also abdicated, paving the way for Napoleon to place his elder brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne of Spain. The reign of Charles IV turned out to be a major negative turning point in Spanish history.
Lewis A. Massey
Lewis A. Massey (born July 20, 1962) is an American businessman and politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as Georgia Secretary of State, and was a candidate for governor of Georgia in 1998.

Georgia Secretary of State
The secretary of state of the U.S. state of Georgia is an elected official with a wide variety of responsibilities, including supervising elections and maintaining public records.

The office has had a four-year term since 1946. Before 1880, the secretary of state was elected by the Georgia Assembly, not in a popular election.
We Are the Void
We Are the Void is the ninth studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band Dark Tranquillity. It is their first and only album with bassist Daniel Antonsson, who joined in 2008 and left in 2013.

The band began writing for this album in late 2008 (except for the majority of "Iridium" which was written sometime between 1996 and 1998 but was left out until this album). Stylistically, it is similar to their previous album Fiction; the band used the same Drop B tuning as well as clean melodic vocals that were re-introduced on Fiction.

The band also began to release songs from this album on their MySpace page starting with "Dream Oblivion" on 21 December 2009, "At the Point of Ignition" on 14 January 2010 and finally the entire album was available for free streaming on 19 February 2010.

Music videos were released for "Shadow in Our Blood" on 10 February 2010 and "In My Absence" on 22 February 2012.

Fiction (Dark Tranquillity album)
Fiction is the eighth studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band Dark Tranquillity. It was released by Napalm Records on 19 April 2007, and by Century Media in the UK on 23 April, and in the US on 24 April.

This is the last new material to feature Michael Nicklasson as their bassist before leaving in August 2008 and the last release to be recorded at Studio Fredman.
Miss Supranational 2024
Miss Supranational 2024 was the 15th edition of the Miss Supranational pageant, held at the Strzelecki Park Amphitheater in Nowy Sącz, Lesser Poland, Poland, on 6 July 2024.

Andrea Aguilera of Ecuador crowned Harashta Haifa Zahra of Indonesia as her successor at the end of the event, marking the country's first victory in the history of the pageant.

Miss and Mister Supranational
Miss Supranational is an annual international beauty pageant, started in 2009, and with most contests held in Poland. A parallel male contest, Mister Supranational, was launched in 2016, also in Poland.

The current organizers of Miss and Mister Supranational are World Beauty Association S.A. and Nowa Scena.

The current pageant title holders are Eduarda Braum of Brazil and Swann Lavigne of France,  who were elected on June 27 and June 28, 2025, separately, in Nowy Sącz.
District Grand Lodge of Bombay
District Grand Lodge of Bombay is a Masonic organization under the jurisdiction of the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) based at Freemasons' Hall, Mumbai, located at D N Road, Fort, Mumbai, Maharashtra. It serves as the administrative and governing body for Freemasonry lodges in the western Indian states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, and parts of Madhya Pradesh.

United Grand Lodge of England
The United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) is the governing Masonic lodge for the majority of freemasons in England, Wales, and the Commonwealth of Nations. Claiming descent from the Masonic Grand Lodge formed 24 June 1717 at the Goose & Gridiron Tavern in London, it is considered to be the oldest Masonic Grand Lodge in the world, together with the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland.
Krasniqi
42°11′N 20°18′E﻿ / ﻿42.183°N 20.300°E﻿ / 42.183; 20.300

Krasniqi is a historical Albanian tribe and region in the Accursed Mountains in northeastern Albania, bordering Kosovo. The region lies within the Tropoje District and is part of a wider area between Albania and Kosovo that is historically known as Gjakova highlands (Highlands of Gjakova). Krasniqi stretches from the Valbona river in the north to Lake Fierza in the south and includes the town Bajram Curri. Members of the Krasniqi tribe are also found in Kosovo and North Macedonia.

Tropojë District
Tropojë District (Albanian: Rrethi i Tropojës, pronunciation: /tropɔɪə/) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 28,154 in 2001, and an area of 1,043 km2 (403 sq mi). It was in the north of the country, and its capital was the town of Bajram Curri. The area of the former district is coextensive with the present municipality of Tropojë, which is part of Kukës County. The area is known for its massive chestnuts forests and the river Valbonë, as well a rich folk culture.