hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Baku
Baku is the capital of Azerbaijan. It was also the capital of Shirvan (during the reigns of Akhsitan I and Khalilullah I), the Baku Khanate, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the Azerbaijan SSR and the administrative center of Russian Baku governorate.
Baku is derived from the old Persian Bagavan, which translates to "City of God". A folk etymology explains the name Baku as derived from the Persian Bādkube (بادکوبه ), meaning "city where the wind blows", due to frequent winds blowing in Baku. However, the word Bādkube was invented only in the 16th or 17th century, whereas Baku was founded at least before the 5th century AD.

Baku Governorate
The Baku Governorate, known before 1859 as the Shemakha Governorate, was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its center in the booming metropolis and Caspian Sea port of Baku. Area (1897): 34,400 sq. versts, population (1897): 789,659. The Baku Governorate bordered Persia to the south, the Elizavetpol Governorate (the Tiflis and Erivan governorates before 1868) to the west, the Dagestan Oblast to the north, and the Baku gradonachalstvo to the east on the Absheron Peninsula.
Stan Rofe
Stanley Robert Rofe (30 May 1933 – 16 May 2003) was an Australian rock'n'roll disc jockey and music news reporter. Popularly referred to as Stan the Man, he presented the first rock and roll music on Melbourne radio from 1956, on 3KZ, and was a champion of Australian music. From February 1966 to March 1971 he was also a gossip news columnist for teen music newspaper, Go-Set. His "critical editorial like columns sought to prompt Australian pop musicians to do better." Stan Rofe died of cancer, aged 69, and was survived by his brother, Roy, and extended family.

In 2015, Rofe was inducted into the Music Victoria Hall of Fame.

Music Victoria Awards
The Music Victoria Awards (previously known as The Age EG Awards and The Age Music Victoria Awards) are an annual awards night celebrating music from the Australian state of Victoria. They commenced in 2006 and are awarded in Melbourne Music Week between October and December. The awards were initially an exclusively online public-voted awards, changing in 2013.

From 2020, to be eligible, all nominations must be taken from music released between July of the previous year to June of the current year, to bring the awards in line with the past financial year.

Since 2022, the event has occurred at the Edge at Federation Square, Melbourne.
Jarbas Passarinho
Jarbas Gonçalves Passarinho (11 January 1920 – 5 June 2016) was a Brazilian military officer and politician. Passarinho began his political career when he was appointed Governor of Pará. He served as head of several government ministries during both the Brazilian military government (1964–1985) and the transition to democracy. His government portfolio's included Minister of Labor (1967–1969), Minister of Education (1969–1974), Minister of Social Security (1983–1985), and Minister of Justice (1990–1992). Passarinho was also a member of the Federal Senate, representing Pará for two tenures during military rule and the return to democracy, including a period as President of the Federal Senate from 1981 to 1983.

President of the Federal Senate (Brazil)
The President of the Federal Senate (Portuguese: Presidente do Senado Federal), sometimes referred to as the President of the Senate (Portuguese: Presidente do Senado), is the presiding officer of the Federal Senate of Brazil.

In addition to chairing the chamber's debates and ordering its business, the President of the Federal Senate stands third in the order of presidential succession, after the Vice President of the Republic and the President of the Chamber of Deputies, but before the President of the Supreme Federal Court. The Federal Senate president is also a member of the Council of the Republic, and presides over joint sessions of the Legislative branch, in his capacity as ex officio President of the National Congress. Until 25 August 1961, this position was held ex officio by the Vice President of the Republic.

The current President of the Federal Senate is Davi Alcolumbre, of Brazil Union, elected on 1 February 2025.
Korla Pandit
Korla Pandit (born John Roland Redd; September 16, 1921 – October 2, 1998), was an American exotica musician, composer, pianist, and organist. Redd was an African-American man from Missouri who moved to California in the 1940s. After getting involved in show business, Redd became known as "Korla Pandit" and claimed to be a French-Indian musician from New Delhi, India. A pathbreaking musical performer in the early days of television, Redd is known for Korla Pandit's Adventures In Music; the show was the first all-music program on television. He also performed live and on radio and made various film appearances, becoming known as the "Godfather of Exotica". Both publicly and privately, Redd maintained the Korla Pandit persona and continued to pass as a native of India until the end of his life.

Passing (racial identity)
Passing, in the context of race, occurs when one conceals their socially applied racial identity or ethnicity in order to be perceived as another race for acceptance and/or other benefits. Historically, the term has been used primarily in the United States to describe a person of mixed race who has assimilated into the white majority to escape the legal and social consequences of racial segregation and discrimination. In the Antebellum South, passing as White was sometimes a temporary disguise used as a means of escaping slavery, which had become a racial caste.
Al-Kabri
Al-Kabri (Arabic: الكابري) was a Palestinian Arab town in the Galilee located 12.5 kilometers (7.8 mi) northeast of Acre. It was captured by the Haganah 21 May 1948, a week after the State of Israel was declared. In 1945, it had a population of 1,530 and a total area cultivated of 20,617 dunams. It is near the site of Tel Kabri.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.
Syed Abu Ahmad Akif
Syed Abu Ahmad Akif is a retired Pakistani civil servant who served in BPS-22 grade as the Cabinet Secretary and Climate Change Secretary of Pakistan. Akif belongs to the Pakistan Administrative Service and was promoted to the rank of Federal Secretary by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 2016. A topper of the 1982 CSS examinations, Akif is known for his performance as Director General of Pakistan's Hajj mission in Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2015 and later as the country's longest serving Climate Change Secretary.

Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination
The Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination Urdu: وزارت موسمیاتی تبدیلی و ماحولیاتی ہم آہنگی,  is a Cabinet-level ministry of the Government of Pakistan concerned with climate change in Pakistan. Senator Musadik Masood Malik is in charge of the ministry with the status of a Federal Minister.
Sara Thacher
Sara Thacher is an American game and experience designer. She is one of the founders of the San Francisco-based immersive experience The Jejune Institute and works as a creative director and senior R&D Imagineer at Walt Disney Imagineering, including creative leadership on the Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser two-day immersive Disney experience.

The Jejune Institute
The Jejune Institute (also known as The Games of Nonchalance, or Nonchalance’s Interdimensional Hopscotch) was an alternate reality game, public art installation and immersive experience that ran in San Francisco, California from 2008 to 10 April 2011. It was conceived by Jeff Hull and launched by the arts group Nonchalance in 2008.
Boyd K. Packer
Boyd Kenneth Packer (September 10, 1924 – July 3, 2015) was an American religious leader and educator who served as president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2008 until his death. He also served as the quorum's acting president from 1994 to 2008 and was an apostle and member of the Quorum of the Twelve from 1970 until his death. He served as a general authority of the church from 1961 until his death.

D. Michael Quinn
Dennis Michael Quinn (March 26, 1944 – April 21, 2021) was an American historian who focused on the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was a professor at Brigham Young University (BYU) from 1976 until he resigned in 1988. At the time, his work concerned church involvement with plural marriage after the 1890 Manifesto, when new polygamous marriages were officially prohibited. He was excommunicated from the church as one of the September Six and afterwards was openly gay. Quinn nevertheless identified as a Latter-day Saint and continued to believe in many LDS teachings, though he did not actively practice the faith.
Love Yourself (Kimi ga Kirai na Kimi ga Suki)
"Love Yourself (Kimi ga Kirai na Kimi ga Suki)" (Love yourself ～君が嫌いな君が好き～, "Love Yourself ~I Love the You That You Hate~") is the eleventh single by Japanese boy band KAT-TUN. It was released on February 10, 2010 by their record label J-One Records. The title track was used as the theme song for the Tokyo Broadcasting System drama, Yamato Nadeshiko Shichi Henge, which stars member Kazuya Kamenashi.

TBS Holdings
TBS Holdings, Inc., (formerly Tokyo Broadcasting System Holdings, Inc.,) is a privately owned media company in Japan. It is the parent company of the television network TBS Television and radio network TBS Radio. It has a 28-affiliate television network called Japan News Network, as well as a 34-affiliate radio network called Japan Radio Network.

TBS produced the game show Takeshi's Castle and has also broadcast the Ultra Series programs and Sasuke (Ninja Warrior),  whose format would inspire similar programs outside Japan. TBS is a member of the Mitsui Group keiretsu and highly cooperating with the Mainichi Shimbun despite the latter's lack of shareholding.
Traian Bratu
Traian Bratu (October 25, 1875 – July 21, 1940) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian scholar of German language and literature. A native of the Mărginimea Sibiului region in present-day Sibiu County, southern Transylvania, he left for the Romanian Old Kingdom, where he attended university, followed up by a doctorate at the University of Berlin.

In 1907, he became a professor at the University of Iași, where he taught until his death; over time, his research interests gradually shifted from literature to linguistics. Meanwhile, he fought in World War I and twice led his university in the postwar period: in the early 1920s and during the 1930s. A left-leaning member of the National Peasants' Party, he served as  president of the Romanian Senate between 1928 and 1931. He actively opposed the far-right, clashing with the followers of A. C. Cuza and with the Iron Guard; the latter organization made two unsuccessful attempts on his life.

Senate of Romania
The Senate (Romanian: Senat) is the upper house in the bicameral Parliament of Romania. It has 136 seats (before the 2016 parliamentary election the total number of elected representatives was 176), to which members are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation in 43 electoral districts (the 41 counties, the city of Bucharest plus 1 constituency for the Romanians living abroad), to serve four-year terms.
John Broughton
John Broughton (born 1952) is an Australian amateur astronomer and artist. He is among the most prolific discoverers of minor planets worldwide, credited by the Minor Planet Center with more than 1,000 discoveries made between 1997 and 2008. His observations are done at Reedy Creek Observatory (428) in Queensland, Australia.

In 2002, Broughton was one of five astronomers to be awarded a "Gene Shoemaker NEO Grant" by the Planetary Society to support his work on near-Earth asteroids. The money enabled the purchase of a CCD camera for use initially on a 10" SCT and later on a 20" f/2.7 automated telescope he designed and constructed, with first light occurring 10 April 2004.

Asteroid 24105 Broughton was named in his honour in 2005, and he later won an Australian national award –  the 2008 Page Medal.

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
Norma Eagleton
Norma Leigh Haddad Eagleton (March 19, 1934 – August 13, 2025) was an American politician who served on the Oklahoma Corporation Commission between 1979 and January 1989. She was the first woman elected to the Oklahoma Corporation Commission and to the Tulsa City Commission.

Oklahoma Corporation Commission
The Oklahoma Corporation Commission is the public utilities commission of the U.S state of Oklahoma run by three statewide elected commissioners. Authorized to employ more than 500 employees, it regulates oil and gas drilling, utilities and telephone companies.
Jeremy Ten
Jeremy Ten (born February 21, 1989) is a Canadian former competitive figure skater. He is the 2013 Nebelhorn Trophy bronze medallist, 2014 CS Autumn Classic bronze medallist, and a three-time Canadian national medallist (silver in 2015, bronze in 2009 and 2012). He competed in the free skate at seven ISU Championships.

2014 CS Autumn Classic International
The 2014 Skate Canada Autumn Classic was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2014–15 season. A part of the 2014–15 ISU Challenger Series, the inaugural edition of the annual event was held on 15–16 October 2014 in Barrie, Ontario, Canada. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
Pepê (footballer, born 1997)
Eduardo Gabriel Aquino Cossa (born 24 February 1997), commonly known as Pepê, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Primeira Liga club Porto and the Brazil national team. Mainly a winger, he can also play as a right-back.

Formed at Foz do Iguaçu, he spent five years at Grêmio, where he made 144 appearances and scored 32 goals, while winning the Campeonato Gaúcho four consecutive times.

Foz do Iguaçu Futebol Clube
Foz do Iguaçu Futebol Clube, simply known as Foz do Iguaçu or just Foz, is a professional football club based in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil. The team was founded on February 9, 1996, and has blue and white as their main colors. Playing at the Estádio do ABC, which has the capacity for 7,000 spectators, they are currently competing in the Campeonato Paranaense, the state of Paraná first division. Foz do Iguaçu women's team once competed in the Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino (Women's football brazilian cup).
Bainchigram railway station
Bainchigram railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway station on the Howrah–Bardhaman main line operated by Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. It is situated beside Grand Trunk Road at Bainchigram in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Howrah–Barddhaman main line
The Howrah–Barddhaman main line is a broad-gauge railway line connecting Howrah and Barddhaman via Bandel. The 107 kilometres (66 mi) railway line operates in Howrah, Hooghly and Purba Barddhaman districts in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is part of the Howrah–Delhi main line and the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.
Plaza del Sol (Puerto Rico)
Plaza del Sol is a 728,546-square-foot (67,684.1 m2) regional mall located in the city of Bayamón, Puerto Rico. The mall is anchored by a Caribbean Cinemas, Walmart, Burlington, H&M, Dave & Buster's and The Home Depot. The mall was opened in 1998; it was later acquired in 2005 by DDR Corp. out of a $1.15 billion portfolio deal with Caribbean Property Group (CPG), which included the mall. And is now owned by Curzon Puerto Rico.

Dave & Buster's
Dave & Buster's Entertainment, Inc. (stylized in all caps) is an American restaurant and entertainment business headquartered in Dallas. Each Dave & Buster's location has a full-service restaurant, full bar, and a video arcade, the latter of which is known as the "Million Dollar Midway". As of February 2024, the company has 158 locations in the United States, as well as two in Puerto Rico and two in Canada.
Bye Baby
"Bye Baby" is a song by hip hop recording artist Nas, from his 2012 album Life Is Good. The song was produced by 40 and Nas's frequent collaborator Salaam Remi. Sampling "Goodbye Love" by Guy, the song recounts Nas's failed marriage with Kelis.

40 (music producer)
Noah James Shebib (born March 31, 1983), better known by his stage name 40, is a Canadian record producer, songwriter, record executive, and former child actor from Toronto, Ontario. He is best known for his production work with fellow Toronto native Drake, having extensive involvement on the entirety of Drake's discography since 2008. Shebib's production style, often described as downtempo and ambient, has become synonymous with Drake's sound. His other production credits include Lil Wayne, Alicia Keys, Beyoncé, Action Bronson, and Jamie Foxx.

Shebib and Drake are two of the three co-founders of the OVO Sound label, which was launched as an imprint of Warner Records in 2012. Shebib has won two Grammy Awards from 20 nominations.
2005 United Soccer Leagues
The 2005 USL season was the first following a rebranding of two United Soccer Leagues operated leagues. The A-League and the Pro Soccer League were renamed to the USL First Division and USL Second Division, respectively. These leagues also became single table this year, ending the use of regional conferences.

USL Second Division
The USL Second Division (commonly referred to as USL-2) was a professional men's soccer league in the United States, operated by United Soccer Leagues (USL). It was at the third tier of soccer in the United States, behind Major League Soccer (top tier) and the USL First Division (second tier), and one step up from the USL Premier Development League and other leagues in the fourth tier.
Reduvius
Reduvius is a large genus of reduviids. The masked hunter, Reduvius personatus, is an example of this genus.

They measure 8–22 mm. They are the largest predatory insects and one of the largest clades of predatory insects. They are found in many terrestrial ecosystems and microhabitats, ranging from mammal burrows in the desert to logs in rainforests.

Reduvius personatus
Reduvius personatus or the masked hunter is an insect belonging to the assassin bug (Reduviidae) family. The name is because its nymphs camouflage themselves with dust. The masked hunter is a predator of small arthropods, including woodlice, lacewings, earwigs, bed bugs and termites. Masked hunters do not feed on human blood, but can deliver a rostral stab to humans in self-defense when mishandled. The stab can be painful, but masked hunters do not carry Chagas disease unlike the kissing bug for which they are sometimes mistaken.
Clifton River
The Clifton River is a tributary of the Eaton River, which flows into the Saint-François River which in turn flows on the south shore of the Saint-François River which in turn flows onto the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

The Clifton River flows through the municipalities of Saint-Malo, Saint-Isidore-de-Clifton and Newport, in the Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Estrie, in Quebec, in Canada.

Newport, Quebec
Newport is a municipality of about 700 people in Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, Canada. Newport has a small town called Island Brook.

On July 24, 2002, the then-township of Newport was amalgamated into the city of Cookshire-Eaton as part of the early 2000s municipal reorganization in Quebec.  After a referendum, Newport de-merged and became an independent municipality on January 1, 2006.  However, it remains part of the urban agglomeration of Cookshire-Eaton.
Mansur ibn Furaykh
Mansur Bey ibn Furaykh (died 7 December 1593) was Emir of the Biqa'a, Safad and Ajlun districts in the late 16th century during Ottoman rule. The Ottomans granted Mansur this large power base to enable him to check the growing power of rebellious Lebanese clans, namely the Ma'an and Harfush. However, complaints were lodged against him alleging that he oppressed his subjects, and killed and robbed wealthy Muslim pilgrims during his service as amir al-hajj. Mansur also failed to pay the Ottoman authorities the taxes they were due from his sanjaks. Because of these actions, Mansur was arrested and executed.

Safed Sanjak
Safed Sanjak (Ottoman Turkish: سنجق صفد; Turkish: Safed Sancağı) was a sanjak (district) of Damascus Eyalet (Ottoman province of Damascus) in 1516–1660, after which it became part of the Sidon Eyalet (Ottoman province of Sidon). The sanjak was centered in Safed and spanned the Galilee, Jabal Amil and the coastal cities of Acre and Tyre. The city of Safed was made up of Muslim and Jewish townspeople. At the same time the rest of the sanjak was populated by Sunni Muslims, Bedouins, Metouali Twelver Muslims, and  Jewish and Druze peasants.
Jumana Emil Abboud
Jumana Emil Abboud (Arabic: جمانة إميل عبّود) is a Palestinian artist living and working in Jerusalem.

Abboud was awarded the AFAC GRANT and the Pernod Ricard Fellowship, in addition to the Sharjah Art Foundation production grant. Her work has been included in exhibitions at the Sydney Biennial, Venice Biennale, Sharjah Biennal, and the Istanbul Biennial. the Bahrain National Museum in Manama, the Arab World Institute in Paris, The Jerusalem Show, the Darat al Funun in Amman, at the Carré d'Art in Nîmes. at the Gallery for Contemporary Arts in Leipzig and at the Museo Fundacion Antonio Perez in Cuenca.

Sharjah Biennial
The Sharjah Biennial is a large-scale contemporary art exhibition that takes place once every two years in the city of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The first Sharjah Biennial took place in 1993, and was organized by the Sharjah Department of Culture and Information until it is reorientation in 2003 by Hoor bint Sultan Al Qasimi.
Eomamenchisaurus
Eomamenchisaurus (meaning "dawn Mamenchisaurus") is a genus of mamenchisaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Zhanghe Formation of Yuanmou, Yunnan, China. The type species is E. yuanmouensis, described by Lü Junchang and colleagues in 2008.

Mamenchisauridae
Mamenchisauridae is a family of sauropod dinosaurs belonging to the Eusauropoda known from the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Asia and Africa. Mamenchisaurids are characterized by their proportionately extremely long necks. Some members of the group reached gigantic sizes, amongst the largest of all sauropods.