hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)
The Polish–Swedish War (1621 to 1625) was one in a series of conflicts between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden during the first half of the 17th century. It began in August 1621, when Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden invaded the Commonwealth territory of Livonia and captured Riga, one of the wealthiest and most important ports in Europe.

With their resources focused on Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621), the Commonwealth was unable to expel the Swedes. Under the terms of the Truce of Mitawa in November 1622, they ceded Livonia north of the Daugava, while the Swedes also retained Riga.

Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)
The Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621) was a conflict between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire over the control of Moldavia. It ended with the Commonwealth withdrawing its claims on Moldavia and led to the eventual demise of the Sultan Osman II.

It is also known as the Khotyn War, because it was ended by the Treaty of Khotyn (9 October 1621) in the aftermath of the final Battle of Khotyn (1621).
Bruce Forman
Bruce Forman (born 1956) is an American jazz guitarist.

Forman took piano lessons at an early age before picking up the guitar at age thirteen. In 1971, his family moved to San Francisco, where he led his own groups in the area and performed with local jazz musicians, such as Eddie Duran, Vince Lateano, and Eddie Marshall, and with nationally known musicians, such as Ray Brown, George Cables, Joe Henderson, Freddie Hubbard, Bobby Hutcherson, and Woody Shaw. He also performed regularly at the Monterey Jazz Festival. He played with Richie Cole from 1978 to 1982. His most successful album as a leader was 1992's Forman on the Job, which hit #14 on the U.S. Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart. Forman has appeared on several film scores composed by Clint Eastwood, including Million Dollar Baby.

Ray Brown (musician)
Raymond Matthews Brown (October 13, 1926 – July 2, 2002) was an American jazz double bassist, known for his extensive work with Oscar Peterson and Ella Fitzgerald. He was also a founding member of the group that would later develop into the Modern Jazz Quartet.
Reela Hota
Reela Hota (Odia: ରୀଲା ହୋତା) is an Odissi dance performer, educator and producer, who has several performances to her credit. Daughter of Yoga Guru, Bijoylaxmi Hota and former bureaucrat Purna Chandra Hota, Reela was exposed to dance, yoga & ashram life since childhood. Having trained under the 3 doyens of Odissi dance, Guru Gangadhar Pradhan, Srimati Madhavi Mudgal and Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra, she inculcated perfect rhythm, sophistication, grace and presentation skills. A trend setter, Reela Hota pioneered in making Indian spiritual philosophy such as Yoga, Kundalini and Sanskrit the theme of her performances and is credited for adding a new dimension to Odissi Dance - the spiritual aspect.

Madhavi Mudgal
Madhavi Mudgal is an Indian classical dancer known for her Odissi dance style. She has won several awards, including the Sanskriti Award, 1984, President of India's award of Padma Shri, 1990, the Orissa State Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, 1996, Grande Medaille de la Ville by Govt. of France, 1997, Central Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, 2000, Delhi State Parishad Samman, 2002 and the title of Nritya Choodamani in 2004.
Structural shape rolling
Structural shape rolling, also known as shape rolling and profile rolling, is the rolling and roll forming of structural shapes by passing them through a rolling mill to bend or deform the workpiece to a desired shape while maintaining a constant cross-section. Structural shapes that can be made with this metal forming process include I-beams, H-beams, T-beams, U-beams, angle iron, channels, bar stock, and railroad rails. The most commonly rolled material is structural steel, including carbon steel and stainless steel. Other metals, plastic, paper, and glass can also be rolled. Common applications include railroads, bridges, roller coasters, art, and architectural applications.

It is a cost-effective way of bending these materials because the process requires less set-up time and uses pre-made dies that are changed according to the shape and dimension of the workpiece. This process can roll workpieces into full circles.

Structural steel
Structural steel is steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a profile of a specific cross section. Structural steel shapes, sizes, chemical composition, mechanical properties such as strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards in most industrialized countries.

Structural steel shapes, such as I-beams, have high second moments of area, so can support a high load without excessive sagging.
Salober
The Salober ist a 2,088 -high Template:Höhe/unknown reference grass mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It lies northeast of the Laufbacher Eck.

Its name probably means Latin: saluber "healthy, smart, attractive" (also used of scenery).

There are no signed paths to the top of the Salober. It can be accessed from the Feldalpe across trackless terrain. This climb requires a head for heights and sure-footedness. Occasionally the Salober is climbed as part of a crossing of the whole chain from the Giebel via the Berggächtle to the Laufbacher Eck by experienced mountaineers (Climbing grade: UIAA III).

The botany of the Salober is as rich as that of the other Allgäu grass mountains.

Allgäu Alps
The Allgäu Alps (German: Allgäuer Alpen) are a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps, located on the Austria–Germany border, which covers parts of the German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg and the Austrian states of Tyrol and Vorarlberg. The range lies directly east of Lake Constance.
Liver of sulfur
Liver of sulfur is a loosely defined mixture of potassium sulfide, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiosulfate, and likely potassium bisulfide. Synonyms include hepar sulfuris,  sulfurated potash and sulfurated potassa.  There are two distinct varieties: "potassic liver of sulfur" and "ammoniacal liver of sulfur". It is traditionally used as an oxidising agent in metalwork.

Polysulfide
Polysulfides are a class of chemical compounds derived from anionic chains of sulfur atoms. There are two main classes of polysulfides: inorganic and organic. The inorganic polysulfides have the general formula S2−n. These anions are the conjugate bases of polysulfanes H2Sn. Organic polysulfides generally have the formulae R1SnR2, where R is an alkyl or aryl group.
San Pedro, Laguna
San Pedro, officially the City of San Pedro (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Pedro), is a  component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 348,968 people.

It is named after its patron saint, Saint Peter.

San Pedro has been dubbed as “dormitory town” of Metro Manila and migrants from other provinces commuting everyday through its highly efficient road and transport system. Despite being one of the smallest political units in the entire province, with a total land area of only 24.05 square kilometers (9.29 sq mi), San Pedro is the 5th most populous city (out of 6) after the cities of Biñan, Calamba, Santa Rosa and Cabuyao. The city also has the highest population density in the province of Laguna and in the whole Calabarzon region, having 15,000 inhabitants per square kilometer (39,000/sq mi). San Pedro became a component city of Laguna by virtue of Republic Act No. 10420 dated March 27, 2013.

Santa Rosa, Laguna
Santa Rosa, officially the City of Santa Rosa (Filipino: Lungsod ng Santa Rosa), is a  component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 430,920 people.

It is the second largest local government unit in Laguna after Calamba. Located 40 kilometers (25 mi) south of Manila, it was rapidly developed into an urban area as a result of the growing congestion and conurbation of the Manila Metropolitan area. It is also the richest city in Luzon outside of Metro Manila in terms of annual income, which was recorded to be ₱4.99 billion as of 2022.

Santa Rosa is derived from Spanish for Saint Rose of Lima, its patron saint to whom it is consecrated to. The town was initially known for the Coca-Cola, RC Cola, and Toyota manufacturing plants in its industrial estates. It later became popular as the site of the Enchanted Kingdom theme park and several housing and commercial developments.
2013 Canadian Figure Skating Championships
The 2013 Canadian Figure Skating Championships were held from January 13 to 20, 2013 at the Hershey Centre in Mississauga, Ontario. The event determined the national champions of Canada and was organized by Skate Canada, the nation's figure skating governing body. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior, junior, and novice levels. Although the official International Skating Union terminology for female skaters in the singles category is ladies, Skate Canada uses women officially. The results of this competition are among the selection criteria for the 2013 World Championships, 2013 Four Continents Championships, and the 2013 World Junior Championships.

2013 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2013 World Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2012–13 season. The event was held at the Budweiser Gardens in London, Ontario, Canada on March 11–17. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event also determined the number of entries a country may send to the 2014 World Championships and 2014 Winter Olympics.
Stolberg (Rhineland)
Stolberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtɔlbɛʁk] ⓘ, Ripuarian: Stolbersch) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It has a long history as an industrial town and belongs to the district Aachen and the lower district court of Eschweiler.

Aachen (district)
The district of Aachen (German: Städteregion Aachen) is a district in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Heinsberg, Düren, Euskirchen, and also the Netherlands province of Limburg and the Belgian province of Liège. Its administrative body is the Städteregionsparlament ("regional parliament"), headed by the Städteregionspräsident or "region president" (Tim Grüttemeier (CDU) since 2019).

As of 21 October 2009, the Städteregion Aachen (literally: "cities region" Aachen) was formed from the former district Aachen (Kreis Aachen) and the city of Aachen. This is the first Städteregion that was formed in North Rhine-Westphalia. Its status is similar to that of the district Hanover (Region Hannover) in Lower Saxony, in that the powers of the city of Aachen are slightly less than those of a district-free city (Kreisfreie Stadt).
Thomas Büchel
Thomas Büchel (born 15 July 1952) is a politician from Liechtenstein who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1993 to 1997, under the government of Mario Frick. He previously served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein in 1993.

Mario Frick (politician)
Mario K. Frick (born 8 May 1965) is a lawyer and politician from Liechtenstein who served as Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1993 to 2001. He previously served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Liechtenstein in 1993, under the government of Markus Büchel.
Financial Stability Oversight Council
The Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) is a United States federal government organization, established by Title I of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010. The Office of Financial Research is intended to provide support to the council.

The Dodd-Frank Act provides the Council with broad authorities to identify and monitor excessive risks to the U.S. financial system arising from the distress or failure of large, interconnected bank holding companies or non-bank financial companies, or from risks that could arise outside the financial system; to eliminate expectations that any American financial firm is "too big to fail"; and to respond to emerging threats to U.S. financial stability.

Systemic risk
In finance, systemic risk is the risk of collapse of an entire financial system or entire market, as opposed to the risk associated with any one individual entity, group or component of a system, that can be contained therein without harming the entire system. It can be defined as "financial system instability, potentially catastrophic, caused or exacerbated by idiosyncratic events or conditions in financial intermediaries". It refers to the risks imposed by interlinkages and interdependencies in a system or market, where the failure of a single entity or cluster of entities can cause a cascading failure, which could potentially bankrupt or bring down the entire system or market. It is also sometimes erroneously referred to as "systematic risk".
Douglas Macmillan
Douglas Macmillan MBE FRSS (10 August 1884 – 9 January 1969) was an English civil servant, vegetarianism activist and founder of the Macmillan Cancer Support charity, now one of the largest charities in the UK.

Royal Statistical Society
The Royal Statistical Society (RSS) is an established statistical society. It has three main roles: a British learned society for statistics, a professional body for statisticians and a charity which promotes statistics for the public good.
K. V. Narayanaswamy
Palghat Kollengode Viswanathan Narayanaswamy (15 November 1923 – 1 April 2002), often referred to as K. V. Narayanaswamy was an Indian musician, widely considered to be among the finest Carnatic music vocalists of the 20th century. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 1986. He was described as the "Perfect Knight" of Carnatic music, a phrase from Geoffrey Chaucer, by V. K. Narayana Menon,  art critic of India and recipient of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship.

Sangita Kalanidhi
Sangita Kalanidhi (transl. Treasure of Music and Art) is the title awarded annually to a Carnatic musician by the Madras Music Academy.

From 1929 to 1941, the award did not exist. The award was conceived in 1942 by Academy President K. V. Krishnaswami Iyer and on 1 January 1943 all musicians who had presided over the annual conferences between 1929 and 1942 were awarded the title. This included 2 or 3 past presidents - Palamarneri Swaminatha Iyer (1931), probably Umayalpuram Swaminatha Iyer (1936) and Mangudi Chidambara Bhagavatar (1937) - but no posthumous award has been presented since then. At times,  1946 is cited as the year of Umayalpuram Swaminatha Iyer's death, in which case he might have received the Sangita Kalanidhi in his lifetime.
Sonobe Domain
Sonobe Domain (園部藩, Sonobe-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tanba Province in what is now the central portion of modern-day Kyoto Prefecture. It was centered around Sonobe jin'ya, which was located in the Sonobe neighborhood of what is now the city of Nantan, Kyoto.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Takamatsu Domain
Takamatsu Domain (高松藩, Takamatsu-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It was centered around Takamatsu Castle, and was ruled throughout much of its history by a cadet branch of the Shinpan Matsudaira clan. Takamatsu Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Kagawa Prefecture.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Psettopsis
Psettopsis subarcuatus is an extinct prehistoric species of moonyfish that lived during the Lutetian epoch of Monte Bolca, Italy.

It had large, rounded dorsal and anal fins, and was a comparatively large fish, being about 45 centimeters long, much larger than its relative, Pasaichthys.

Pasaichthys
Pasaichthys pleuronectiformis is an extinct, prehistoric moonyfish that lived during the Lutetian epoch of Monte Bolca, Italy.  The average length of its fossils is about 6 centimeters.  In life, it would probably resemble its living relatives of the genus Monodactylus.
China Film Group (2010)
China Film Group Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 中国电影产业集团股份有限公司), Formerly known as China Film Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 中国电影股份有限公司), is a Chinese state-owned film production and distribution corporation headquartered in Beijing, China. the company was founded in 2010 by China Film Group Corporation and seven strategic investment units.

China Film Group's main business encompasses six major sectors: creation, distribution, exhibition, technology, services, and innovation, covering film and television production; post-film product management; promotion and distribution of domestic and imported films, secondary market distribution; cinema investment and management, cinema chain operation; film technology research and development, film and television equipment production, sales and technical services; film production, ticketing platforms, and financial leasing services.

China Film Group Corporation
China Film Group Corporation (CFGC) is a Chinese film production and distribution company. It is the largest, most influential film enterprise in the country, owned by the Central Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party. According to Forbes, it is a state monopoly, producing and distributing films while also regulating all imported films. In 2014, the company was the largest film distributor in China, with 32.8% of the market.
David L. Williams (politician)
David Lewis Williams (born May 28, 1953) is an American attorney, Republican politician, and a judge from the U.S. state of Kentucky. From the year 1987 to 2012, Williams represented Senate District 16, a position he secured upon the retirement of fellow Republican  Doug Moseley. When Republicans gained control of the state senate in 2000, Williams was chosen as President of the Senate, and held that post continuously until his resignation in November 2012. In 1992, he ran for the United States Senate and lost. In 2010, he announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for governor in the 2011 gubernatorial election. On May 17, 2011, Williams secured the Republican nomination over Tea Party movement-backed Phil Moffet. However, he lost the general election by twenty points to incumbent Democratic governor Steve Beshear. In November 2012, Williams resigned his Senate seat to accept a circuit court judgeship.

Doug Moseley
Douglas Dewayne Moseley, known as Doug Moseley (March 24, 1928 – November 8, 2017), was a Kentucky minister and politician who served in the Kentucky Senate from 1974 to 1987.

Moseley died on November 8, 2017, at Hospice House in Southern Kentucky.
Meitei script movement
Meitei script movement, also called Meetei script movement (sometimes also referred to as Manipuri script movement), is a series of cultural wars and campaigns, undertaken by various cultural and sociopolitical associations and organisations as well as notable individual personalities, against the Government of Manipur and other authorities concerned, regarding the revivalism and the development of the Meitei script.

Government of Manipur
The Government of Manipur (Meitei: Manipur Leingak; /mə.ni.pur lə́i.ŋak/), also known as the State Government of Manipur, or locally as State Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Manipur and its 16 districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Manipur, a judiciary and a legislative branch (Manipur Legislative Assembly).

Like other states in India, the head of state of Manipur is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government. The post of governor is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Imphal is the capital of Manipur, and houses the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the secretariat. The high court of manipur exercises the jurisdiction and powers in respect of cases arising in the State.
Lothar Salinger
Lothar Salinger (8 May 1919 – 4 March 1943) was a politically engaged German worker and part of the Jewish youth movement in Berlin, who became a resistance activist and an associate of Herbert Baum. He was executed by guillotine at the Plötzensee execution facility. His fiancée was also an anti-Hitler activist but she managed to outlive the régime, living "illegally" (unregistered) in Berlin, and some years later emigrated to California where she married Dr. Gerhard Salinger, Professor of Middle Eastern Studies at Berkeley and brother to her murdered fiancé.

Herbert Baum
Herbert Baum (February 10, 1912 – June 11, 1942) was a Jewish member of the German resistance against National Socialism. Baum organized a large network of resisters within Berlin. Most of these activists, like Baum, were Jewish and had backgrounds in the pre-1933 German-Jewish youth organizations, and most were affiliated with the German Communist Party (KPD), the Social Democratic Party (SPD), and/or their youth movements. While often described as a "Communist" (KPD) organization, in reality the Baum Group was a leftist organization (or network of small groups) that included socialists, anti-Stalinist leftists, some who were influenced by anarchism, and so on.
Pärnu County
Pärnu County (Estonian: Pärnu maakond or Pärnumaa; German: Kreis Pernau) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the southwestern part of the country, on the coast of the Gulf of Riga, and it borders Lääne and Rapla counties to the north, Järva and Viljandi counties to the east, and Latvia to the south. In 2022, Pärnu County had a population of 85,705, constituting 6.4% of the total population of Estonia.

Pärnu County is the largest county of Estonia in terms of land area.

Counties of Estonia
The counties of Estonia (maakond) are the state administrative subdivisions of Estonia. Estonian territory is composed of 15 counties, including 13 on the mainland and 2 on islands. County governments (maavalitsus) were abolished at the end of 2017, with their duties split between state authorities and local governments, and nowadays counties have no noteworthy independent competences. Counties are composed of municipalities of two types: urban municipalities or towns (linn), and rural municipalities or parishes (vald), which are by law required to cooperate in development of their county.