hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Second ladies and gentlemen of Ghana
Second Lady of Ghana or Second Gentleman of Ghana is the title given to the spouse of the vice-president of the Republic of Ghana. The current second gentleman is Edmund Opoku-Agyemang, who has held that position since 7 January 2025 when his wife Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang was sworn into office. They are not officially given salaries but the Ghanaian first and second lady and gentlemen are both given clothing allowances to serve as initiatives to be comfortable enough to advocate the country through material forms of culture. They usually undertake social programmes and philanthropic activities especially in relation to kids and women.

Vice President of Ghana
The vice president of Ghana is the second-highest officer in the Government of Ghana. The vice president, together with the president of Ghana, is directly elected by the people through popular vote to serve a four-year term in office. The vice-president is the first person in the presidential line of succession, and would ascend to the presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. The current vice-president is Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang, who took office on 7 January 2025, under President John Mahama. She is the first female vice president in Ghana's history.
Egyptian Open (tennis)
The Egyptian Open originally known as the Egyptian Championships   also known as the Egyptian Open Championships or International Championships of Egypt  is a defunct Grand Prix and Challenger affiliated tennis tournament played from 1975 to 1991. It was held in Cairo in Egypt and played on outdoor clay courts from 1925 to 2002.

Roderich Menzel was the most successful player in singles play winning five times. Ismail El Shafei was the most successful player at the tournament, winning singles titles three times and the doubles competition three times with three different partners; once with New Zealander Brian Fairlie, once with Dutchman Tom Okker and once with Hungarian Balázs Taróczy.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
J/FPS-5
The J/FPS-5, or also known as the Gamera Radar, is an airspace warning and control radar device operated by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It is a large fixed 3D radar for radar sites, and is a phased array radar that uses an active phased array antenna (AESA) and is also capable of detecting and tracking ballistic missiles. It was made by Mitsubishi Electric.

Missile defense
Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and also the destruction of attacking missiles. Conceived as a defense against nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), its application has broadened to include shorter-ranged non-nuclear tactical and theater missiles.

China, France, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Russia, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States have all developed such air defense systems.
Angelina National Forest
Angelina National Forest is a United States national forest, one of four located in the piney woods region of Texas. The 153,180-acre (619.9 km2) Angelina National Forest is located in East Texas  in parts of San Augustine, Angelina, Jasper and Nacogdoches counties. It is managed together with the three other National Forests in Texas (Davy Crockett, Sabine, and Sam Houston) from Forest Service offices in Lufkin, Texas. There are local district offices located in Zavalla. The forest lies in the Neches River Basin and on the north and south shores of Sam Rayburn Reservoir. Longleaf pine is the predominant cover type in the southern portion of the forest, while loblolly and shortleaf pine are dominant species in the northern portion and abundant throughout.

Davy Crockett National Forest
Davy Crockett National Forest is in southeast Texas between the towns of Lufkin and Crockett, Texas. It is administered by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service local headquarters in Lufkin. There are local ranger district offices located in Ratcliff.

The forest, part of the Piney Woods ecoregion, covers a total of 160,647 acres (251.0 sq mi; 650.1 km2) in two counties - Houston 94,481 acres (147.6 sq mi; 382.4 km2) and Trinity 67,361 acres (105.3 sq mi; 272.6 km2).

Davy Crockett National Forest, which is bordered on the northeast by the Neches River and is located around Kennard, Texas, includes the 45-acre (180,000 m2) Ratcliff Lake. The area is pine-hardwood woodlands with flat to gently rolling terrain.
Mamiffer
Mamiffer is an American band based in Seattle, Washington. It started out as a solo project for former Pyramids and Everlovely Lightningheart member Faith Coloccia that later saw several session musicians and collaborators, most consistently Aaron Turner of Isis fame and who would later become Coloccia's husband. Turner and Coloccia also perform in House of Low Culture together. Mamiffer has released several albums, splits and collaborations through various record labels, most prominently through Turner's now-defunct Hydra Head Records and Turner and Coloccia's own SIGE Records. The band is known for its collaborations, including albums recorded with Locrian, Circle and Daniel Menche; and working with session/guest artists from bands including members of These Arms Are Snakes, Helms Alee, Sunn O))) and Wolves in the Throne Room.

Helms Alee
Helms Alee is an American rock band that formed in 2007. Based in Seattle, Helms Alee features Ben Verellen, former member of Harkonen and Roy. Helms Alee has released six albums, Night Terror (2008) and Weatherhead (2011) through Hydra Head Records, and Sleepwalking Sailors (2014), Stillicide (2016), Noctiluca (2019) and  Keep This Be the Way (2022) through Sargent House (to which the band signed in 2013 ).
"Helms Alee" is a nautical term, included in the commands for tacking a sailboat.
Chandrashekharan Hari Kumar
Air Marshal Chandrashekharan Hari Kumar, PVSM, AVSM, VM, VSM, ADC is a retired officer of the Indian Air Force. He served as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C), Western Air Command from 1 January 2017 to 28 February 2019. He assumed the office from Air Marshal Shirish Baban Deo and was succeeded by Air Marshal Raghunath Nambiar.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Zamia skinneri
Zamia skinneri is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to the coastal area of mainland Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. Its common name is cebolla roja.

This has long been considered to be a variable plant that was likely a species complex, with individuals actually belonging to several undescribed species. In 2008 some populations were studied, characterized as new species, and renamed Zamia hamannii, Zamia imperialis, and Zamia nesophila. This recategorization reduced the size of the population of actual Z. skinneri to fewer than 500.

Zamia imperialis
Zamia imperialis is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. The description is based on specimens found in Coclé Province, Panama. It is part of the Zamia skinneri species complex.

Taylor B. et al. (2008) described Z. imperialis based on specimens from the type locality in Coclé Province, Panama. It was previously known as "red-leafed skinneri". Its common name is "cebolla".
Thai silk
Thai silk (Thai: ผ้าไหมไทย, RTGS: pha mai thai, pronounced [pʰâː mǎj tʰāj]) is produced from the cocoons of Thai silkworms. Thailand's silkworm farmers cultivate both types of the domesticated silkworms that produce commercial silk: Samia ricini, commonly known as the eri silkworm, which produces matte eri silk, and the Bombyx mori, producer of the better known, glossy mulberry silk. The latter is by far the larger silk producer of the two.

In Thailand, the Center for Excellence in Silk at Kasetsart University's Kamphaeng Saen campus plays a leading research role in sericulture research as well as providing silkworm eggs and know-how to Thai farmers.

Sericulture
Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk. Although there are several commercial species of silkworms, the caterpillar of the domestic silkmoth is the most widely used and intensively studied silkworm. This species of silkmoth is no longer found in the wild as they have been modified through selective breeding, rendering most flightless and without defense against predators. Silk is believed to have first been produced in China as early as the Neolithic period.   Today, China and India are the two main producers, with more than 60% of the world's annual production.
Taft equation
The Taft equation is a linear free energy relationship (LFER) used in physical organic chemistry in the study of reaction mechanisms and in  the development of quantitative structure–activity relationships for organic compounds.  It was developed by Robert W. Taft in 1952 as a modification to the Hammett equation.  While the Hammett equation accounts for how field, inductive, and resonance effects influence reaction rates, the Taft equation also describes the steric effects of a substituent.  The Taft equation is written as:

where  is the ratio of the rate of the substituted reaction compared to the reference reaction, ρ* is the sensitivity factor for the reaction to polar effects, σ* is the polar substituent constant that describes the field and inductive effects of the substituent, δ is the sensitivity factor for the reaction to steric effects, and Es is the steric substituent constant.

Electronic effect
An electric effect influences the structure, reactivity, or properties of a molecule but is neither a traditional bond nor a steric effect. In organic chemistry, the term stereoelectronic effect is also used to emphasize the relation between the electronic structure and the geometry (stereochemistry) of a molecule.

The term polar effect is sometimes used to refer to electronic effects, but also may have the more narrow definition of effects resulting from non-conjugated substituents.
Frege system
In proof complexity, a Frege system is a propositional proof system whose proofs are sequences of formulas derived using a finite set of sound and implicationally complete inference rules. Frege systems (more often known as Hilbert systems in general proof theory) are named after Gottlob Frege.

The name "Frege system" was first defined by Stephen Cook and Robert Reckhow, and was intended to capture the properties of the most common propositional proof systems.

Propositional formula
In propositional logic, a propositional formula is a type of syntactic formula which is well formed. If the values of all variables in a propositional formula are given, it determines a unique truth value. A propositional formula may also be called a propositional expression, a sentence, or a sentential formula.

A propositional formula is constructed from simple propositions, such as "five is greater than three" or propositional variables such as p and q, using connectives or logical operators such as NOT, AND, OR, or IMPLIES; for example:

(p AND NOT q) IMPLIES (p OR q).

In mathematics, a propositional formula is often more briefly referred to as a "proposition", but, more precisely, a propositional formula is not a proposition but a formal expression that denotes a proposition, a formal object under discussion, just like an expression such as "x + y" is not a value, but denotes a value. In some contexts, maintaining the distinction may be of importance.
Nonviolent extremism
Nonviolent extremism is the expression of extremist ideas through nonviolent means, without the use of terrorism or political violence. It can be contrasted with violent extremism. Nonviolent extremism manifests from the same ideologies as violent extremism, including right wing extremism, left wing extremism, and religious extremism. Much of the study of nonviolent extremism focuses on its potential to produce or incite violent extremism.

Religious fanaticism
Religious fanaticism or religious extremism is a pejorative designation used to indicate uncritical zeal or obsessive enthusiasm that is related to one's own, or one's group's, devotion to a religion – a form of human fanaticism that could otherwise be expressed in one's other involvements and participation, including employment, role, and partisan affinities. In psychiatry, the term hyperreligiosity is used. Historically, the term was applied in Christian antiquity to denigrate non-Christian religions, and subsequently acquired its current usage with the Age of Enlightenment.
California State Route 138
State Route 138 (SR 138) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California that generally follows the northern foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains and the western Mojave Desert. The scenic highway begins in the west at its junction with Interstate 5 located south of Gorman in the Sierra Pelona Mountains, continues eastward through the Antelope Valley and Cajon Pass, to its junction with SR 18 in the east, located in the San Bernardino Mountains south of Crestline.

Except for the western two miles (3.2 km) of the route between Interstate 5 and just east of Gorman Post Road and a segment shared with State Route 14 between Avenue D in Lancaster and Palmdale Boulevard in Palmdale, it is all a mostly undivided two-lane surface road. The remaining section of the Ridge Route, California's first highway connecting the San Joaquin Valley to the Los Angeles Basin, ends at Route 138 near Gorman.

Lancaster, California
Lancaster /ˈlæŋ.kæstər/ is a charter city in northern Los Angeles County, in the Antelope Valley of the western Mojave Desert in Southern California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 173,516, making Lancaster the 158th-most populous city in the United States and the 30th most populous in California. Lancaster is a twin city with its southern neighbor Palmdale; together, they are the principal cities within the Antelope Valley region.

Lancaster is located approximately 70 miles (110 km) north (via I-5 and SR 14) of downtown Los Angeles and is near the Kern County line. It is separated from the Los Angeles Basin by the San Gabriel Mountains to the south and from Bakersfield and the San Joaquin Valley by the Tehachapi Mountains to the north. The population of Lancaster has grown from 37,000 at the time of its incorporation in 1977 to over 173,000 as of 2020.
Miss World 1971
Miss World 1971 was the 21st Miss World pageant, held at the Royal Albert Hall in London, England, United Kingdom, on 10 November 1971.

Jennifer Hosten of Grenada crowned Lúcia Petterle of Brazil at the end of the event. Although Petterle completed her reign as Miss World, she fell and broke her arm in the final month of her year and was unable to travel to London to participate in the Miss World 1972 contest.

This edition marked the debut of Bermuda and Guam, and the return of Aruba and Trinidad and Tobago, which last competed in  1966, Panama last competed in 1967 and Paraguay last competed in 1969.

Colombia, Denmark, the Gambia, Grenada, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Liberia and Nigeria, withdrew from the competition for unknown reasons.

Miss World
Miss World is the oldest existing international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951. Since his death in 2000, Morley's widow, Julia Morley, has chaired the pageant. Along with Miss Universe, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The current Miss World is Suchata Chuangsri of Thailand who was crowned on 31 May 2025 in Hyderabad, India.
Phil Batt
Philip Eugene Batt (March 4, 1927 – March 4, 2023) was an American politician who served as the 29th Governor of Idaho from 1995 to 1999. A member of the Republican Party, Batt had previously served as the 35th Lieutenant Governor of Idaho, Chair of the Idaho Republican Party, and as a member of the Idaho Legislature.

Lieutenant Governor of Idaho
The lieutenant governor of Idaho is a constitutional statewide elected office in the U.S. state of Idaho. According to the Idaho Constitution, the officeholder is elected to a four-year term.

The current lieutenant governor of Idaho is Republican Scott Bedke, who took office January 2, 2023.
Clément Beaune
Clément Beaune (French pronunciation: [klemɑ̃ bon] ⓘ; born 14 August 1981) is a French public servant and politician who has been heading France Stratégie since 2025.

Beaune served as Secretary of State for European Affairs (2020–2022) and Minister for Transport (2022–2024) in the governments of Prime Ministers Jean Castex and Élisabeth Borne. Following the resignation of the Borne government in 2024, he again became a member of the National Assembly for Paris's 7th constituency. Although he was reported as a likely candidate to become the Mayor of Paris, he soon lost his seat to Emmanuel Grégoire in the first round of the French legislative elections.

Jean Castex
Jean Castex ([ʒɑ̃ kastɛks] ⓘ; born 25 June 1965) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 3 July 2020 to 16 May 2022. He was a member of The Republicans (LR) until 2020. Castex served for twelve years as mayor of the small town of Prades prior to his appointment as prime minister by President Emmanuel Macron. He resigned his post ahead of the 2022 legislative election. After leaving public office, he served as president of the state-owned RATP from 2022 to 2025, and has served as president of the SNCF since November 2025.
SM City Mindpro
SM City Mindpro is a shopping mall located along La Purisima St. cor. Campaner St., Brgy. Zone III, Zamboanga City. It is owned and operated by SM Prime Holdings (70%), the largest retail and mall operator in the Philippines, and Mindpro Retail Inc. (30%), opened on December 8, 2020. It is the first SM Supermall in Zamboanga Peninsula, 7th SM Supermall in Mindanao and the 75th SM Supermall in the Philippines. It is also the second largest SM supermall in Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Peninsula after SM City Zamboanga.

Prior to SM's partial acquisition, the mall as Mindpro Citimall houses Mindpro Supermarket, 3 cinemas, a foodcourt and a digital hub. Although it was initially reported that the property was acquired by SM Prime Holdings last August 2016, Mindpro Retail Inc., still holds 30% of its ownership.

SM Prime
SM Prime Holdings, Inc. (SMPH) is a Filipino integrated property developer and a public subsidiary of SM Investments Corporation. It was incorporated on January 6, 1994, to develop, conduct, operate, and maintain the SM commercial shopping centers and all businesses related thereto, such as the lease of commercial spaces within the compound of shopping centers. It went public on July 5, 1994, and subsequently grew to become the largest company listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange in terms of revenue. The company's main sources of revenues primarily include rental income from mall and food courts, as well as from cinema ticket sales and amusement income.
1987 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The 1987 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament was the sixth annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA women's collegiate soccer. The championship game was played again at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium in Amherst, Massachusetts during December 1987.

North Carolina defeated Massachusetts in the final, 1–0, to win their fifth national title. Coached by Anson Dorrance, the Tar Heels finished the season 23–0–1. This was the second of North Carolina's record nine consecutive national titles (1986–1994).

The most outstanding offensive player was Michelle Akers from Central Florida, and the most outstanding defensive player was Debbie Belkin from Massachusetts. Akers was also the tournament's leading scorer (3 goals).

NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championship, sometimes known as the Women's College Cup, is an American college soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I women's national champion.
West Riding County Amateur Football League
The West Riding County Amateur Football League was a football competition based in Yorkshire, England. Formed in 1922, it had one division when it closed in 2019 due to a lack of participating clubs.

The Premier Division sat at level 11 of the English football league system. Silsden, Brighouse Town, Hemsworth Miners Welfare, Campion and Steeton were the most recent teams to move up from the league. Silsden were promoted in 2004 after winning the Premier Division in successive seasons but chose to play their football in the North West Counties League, as did neighbouring Steeton in 2018, whereas Brighouse Town, Hemsworth Miners Welfare and Campion went up to the Northern Counties East League.

The league operated with only one division until the 1953–54 season, then gradually expanded to reach five divisions for a while.

Steeton A.F.C.
Steeton Association Football Club is an English football club based in Steeton, West Yorkshire. They are currently members of the North West Counties League Division One North and play at Marley Stadium, Keighley.
1997 ATP German Open
The 1997 German Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 91st edition of the Hamburg Masters (German Open), and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1997 ATP Tour. It took place at the Rothenbaum Tennis Center in Hamburg, Germany, from through 5 May through 12 May 1997.

The singles field was headlined by ATP No. 3, Dubai, Miami Masters,  titlist, Australian Open semi-finalist Thomas Muster, 1996 French Open runner-up, 1994 German Open finalist, Prague, Lyon winner Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Tokyo champion, Monte Carlo quarter-finalist and Wimbledon defending champion Richard Krajicek. Other top seeds competing were Australian Open finalist Carlos Moyá, Monte Carlo winner Marcelo Ríos, Wayne Ferreira, Albert Costa and Boris Becker.

1994 ATP German Open
The 1994 German Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 88th edition of the Hamburg Masters and was part of the ATP Championship Series, Single Week category of the 1994 ATP Tour. It took place at the Rothenbaum Tennis Center in Hamburg, Germany, from 2 May through 9 May 1994.
Dup (system call)
In Unix-like operating systems, dup (short for "duplicate") and dup2 system calls create a copy of a given file descriptor. This new descriptor actually does not behave like a copy, but like an alias of the old one.

System call
In computing, a system call (syscall) is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system on which it is executed. This may include hardware-related services (for example, accessing a hard disk drive or accessing the device's camera), creation and execution of new processes, and communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling.  System calls provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system.

In most systems, system calls can only be made from userspace processes, while in some systems, OS/360 and successors for example, privileged system code also issues system calls.

For embedded systems, system calls typically do not change the privilege mode of the CPU.