hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
McNaughton's theorem
In automata theory, McNaughton's theorem refers to a theorem that asserts that the set of ω-regular languages is identical to the set of languages recognizable by deterministic Muller automata.
This theorem is proven by supplying an algorithm to construct a deterministic Muller automaton for any ω-regular language and vice versa.

This theorem has many important consequences.
Since (non-deterministic) Büchi automata and ω-regular languages are equally expressive, the theorem implies that Büchi automata and deterministic Muller automata are equally  expressive.
Since complementation of deterministic Muller automata is trivial, the theorem implies that Büchi automata/ω-regular languages are closed under complementation.

Omega-regular language
In computer science and formal language theory, the ω-regular languages are a class of ω-languages that generalize the definition of regular languages to infinite words. As regular languages accept finite strings (such as strings beginning in an a, or strings alternating between a and b), ω-regular languages accept infinite words (such as, infinite sequences beginning in an a, or infinite sequences alternating between a and b).
Infosys Consulting
Infosys Consulting is a management consulting, IT consulting practice within the larger Infosys organization which works in strategy, IT transformation, change management and business analytics. Infosys Consulting operates globally and currently has offices in 18 countries across the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe. The firm was officially launched in 2004 as a fully owned subsidiary of Infosys chaired by N. R. Narayana Murthy, one of the co-founders of Infosys. For quarter-end March 2016 Infosys Consulting and Package Implementation were reported as 33.2% of the whole of Infosys' revenue, contributing to the reported earnings of 23 cents a share on revenue of $2.4 billion that December for Infosys.

Information technology consulting
In management, information technology consulting (also called IT consulting, computer consultancy, business and technology services, computing consultancy, technology consulting, and IT advisory) is a field of activity which focuses on advising organizations on how best to use information technology (IT) in achieving their business objectives and goals, but it can also refer more generally to IT outsourcing, especially in the context of larger companies.

Once a business owner defines the needs to take a business to the next level, a decision maker will define the scope, cost and the time frame of the project. The role of the IT consultancy company is to support and nurture the company from the very beginning of the project until the end, and deliver the project not only in the scope, time and cost but also with complete customer satisfaction.
Santiago de Compostela Cathedral
The Santiago de Compostela Archcathedral Basilica (Spanish and Galician: Catedral Basílica de Santiago de Compostela) is part of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela and is an integral component of the Santiago de Compostela World Heritage Site in Galicia, Spain. The cathedral is the reputed burial place of Saint James the Great, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ. It is also among the remaining churches in the world built over the tomb of an apostle, the other ones being St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, St Thomas Cathedral Basilica in Chennai, India, and Basilica of St. John in İzmir, Turkey.

The archcathedral basilica has historically been a place of Christian pilgrimage on the Way of St James since the Early Middle Ages and marks the traditional end of the pilgrimage route. The building is a Romanesque structure, with later Gothic and Baroque additions.

James the Great
James the Great (Koine Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Classical Syriac: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died c. 44) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was the second of the apostles to die, after Judas Iscariot, and the first to be martyred. Saint James is the patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, what are believed to be his remains are held in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain.

He is also known as James, son of Zebedee, James, brother of John, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, St. James Son of Thunder, St. James the Major, Saint James the Elder, or Saint Jacob, James the Apostle or Santiago.
Mudafar Syah I
Sultan Mudafar Syah I (Jawi: سلطان مدفر شاه ١‎; b. c. 1595–d. 16 June 1627), also spelt Muzaffar Syah, was the ninth Sultan of Ternate who ruled from 1606 to 1627. He reigned during an important transitional phase, when the Dutch East India Company gained ascendency in the Maluku Islands and began to regulate the commerce in spices. This was the beginning of the colonial subordination of Maluku that would accelerate during his successors.

Sultanate of Ternate
The Sultanate of Ternate (Jawi: کسلطانن ترناتي‎), previously known as the Kingdom of Gapi, is one of the oldest Muslim kingdoms in Indonesia besides the sultanates of Tidore, Jailolo, and Bacan.

The Ternate kingdom was established by Momole Cico, the first leader of Ternate, with the title Baab Mashur Malamo, traditionally in 1257. It reached its Golden Age during the reign of Sultan Baabullah (1570–1583) and encompassed most of the eastern part of Indonesia and a part of southern Philippines. Ternate was a major producer of cloves and a regional power from the 15th to 17th centuries.

The dynasty founded by Cico continues to the present, as does the Sultanate itself, although it no longer holds any political power.
USS Frederick (LST-1184)
USS Frederick (LST-1184) was a Newport-class tank landing ship which replaced the traditional bow door-design tank landing ships (LSTs) of the United States Navy. The ship was named after the city of Frederick, Maryland and Frederick County, Maryland. The vessel entered service in 1970 with the United States Pacific Fleet and saw service during the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War earning three battle stars. The ship was decommissioned in 2002 and put up for sale.

Frederick was acquired by the Mexican Navy the same year as part of the Security Assistance Program and entered service in December 2002 renamed ARM Usumacinta. Usumacinta has since taken part in three RIMPAC multi-national naval exercises as well as provide humanitarian support following earthquakes in Oaxaca and Chiapas.

RIMPAC
The Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC) is the world's largest international maritime warfare exercise. RIMPAC is held biennially during June and July of even-numbered years from Honolulu, Hawaii, with the exception of 2020, when it was held in August. It is hosted and administered by the Indo-Pacific Command, headquartered at Pearl Harbor, in conjunction with the Marine Corps, the Coast Guard, and Hawaii National Guard forces under the control of the governor of Hawaii.
2022 South East Asian Table Tennis Championships
The 12th South East Asian Table Tennis Championships 2022 were played in Bangkok, Thailand from 23 to 28 June 2022. The Table Tennis Association of Thailand hosted both the 12th SEATTC and the 26th SEAJCTTC. Both championships were played in the same venue at the Fashion Island Hall 3rd.

South East Asian Table Tennis Championships
The South East Asian Table Tennis Championships is a biennial table tennis tournament regarded as a regional championships by International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). From 1998, the tournament was organised by the Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU) and South East Asian Table Tennis Association(SEATTA).
Sengalipuram Muthanna
Sengalipuram Vaidhyanatha Deekshithar , also Sengalipuram Muthanna or Muthannaval (1830–1893), was a great guru from the family of Dikshitar from Sengalipuram near Paruthiyur, on the northern banks of the Kudamurutti River, in Thiruvarur District of Tamil Nadu.

Sengalipuram was "Shivakalipuram" as it is known in the Shastras, where hundreds of Dikshithar families are living for generations up to today and where great saints like Sri Muthannaval and scholars like Sri Anantharama Deekshithar were born. Sri Vaidhyanatha Dikshitar was known as Periya Muthannaval in the village while his brother Subbarama Dikshitar was called Chinna Muthannaval.

Sengalipuram Anantarama Dikshitar
Sengalipuram Anantarama Dikshitar (Tamil: சேங்காலிபுரம் அனந்தராம தீட்சிதர்; 2 August 1903 – 30 October 1969) was a Śrauti scholar and also was an exponent of the art of upanyasas (discourses) on various subjects in Hinduism. Born in the Thanjavur district as the second son to Subramanya Dikshithar, Anantarama was initiated into the learning of the Vedas under his father Subramanya Dikshithar, the brother of Sengalipuram Vaidhyanatha Dikshithar, also called Periya Muthannaval. Paruthiyur Krishna Sastrigal was the first guru for Anantarama Dikshithar. He first had his akshara abhasya from Krishna Sastri at Muthannavals's gurukulam.

Dikshithar was the first speaker to initiate the pravachana at Veda Dharma Sastra Paripalana Sabha at Kumbakonam, an organisation that aims to revive and propagate Vedic knowledge and Dharma Sastra, started by Jagadguru Shankaracharya of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam Chandrasekarendra Saraswati Swamigal..
1981 in Bangladesh
1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1981st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 981st  year of the 2nd millennium, the 81st  year of the 20th century, and the  2nd   year of the 1980s decade.

The year 1981 was the 10th year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was also the last year of the Government of Ziaur Rahman and the first year of the Government of President Abdus Sattar

Abdus Sattar (president)
Abdus Sattar (1 March 1906 – 5 October 1985) was a Bangladeshi statesman. A leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), he served as the president of Bangladesh from 1981 to 1982, and earlier as the vice president. A jurist by profession, Abdus Sattar held numerous constitutional and political offices in British India, East Pakistan and Bangladesh. He was a cabinet minister, Supreme Court judge, and chief election commissioner of Pakistan. He took oath and became president shortly after the assassination of President Ziaur Rahman.

Abdus Sattar was an elected president through a popular vote. His short lived presidency was marked by growing political turmoil and interference from the military. Abdus Sattar was overthrown in March of 1982 by the then army chief General Hussain Muhammad Ershad.
CIWV-FM
CIWV-FM (98.3 MHz Wave 98.3) is a commercial FM radio station in Vancouver, British Columbia.  It airs a smooth adult contemporary radio format and is owned by Durham Radio.  The station's playlist combines rhythmic adult contemporary and smooth jazz vocals.  The syndicated Dave Koz Radio Show is heard on Saturday evenings and Sunday mornings.  The studios are on West Georgia Street in Downtown Vancouver.

CIWV-FM is a Class A FM station.  It has an effective radiated power of 1,700 watts.

Smooth jazz
Smooth jazz is a commercially oriented style crossover jazz music. Although often described as a “genre,” it remains a debated and sometimes controversial topic among jazz musicians and critics. As a radio format, however, smooth jazz radio became the successor to easy listening music on radio station programming from the mid-1970s through the early 1990s.
RetroArch
RetroArch is a free and open-source, cross-platform frontend for emulators, game engines, video games, media players and other applications. It is the reference implementation of the libretro API, designed to be fast, lightweight, portable and without dependencies. It is licensed under the GNU GPLv3.

RetroArch runs programs converted into dynamic libraries called libretro cores, using several user interfaces such as command-line interfaces, a few graphical user interfaces optimized for gamepads, several input, audio and video drivers, and other sophisticated features such as dynamic rate control, audio filters, multi-pass shaders, netplay, gameplay rewinding, cheats, etc.

RetroArch has been ported to many platforms. It can run on several PC operating systems, home consoles, handheld consoles, smartphones, smart TV's, single-board computers and web browsers. As of 1 April 2024, versions for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 3 are not out yet, but are available unofficially.

Shader
In computer graphics, a shader is a programmable operation which is applied to data as it moves through the rendering pipeline. Shaders can act on data such as vertices and primitives—to generate or morph geometry—and fragments –to calculate the values in a rendered image.

Shaders can execute a wide variety of operations and can run on different types of hardware. In modern real-time computer graphics, shaders are run on graphics processing units (GPUs) –dedicated hardware which provides highly parallel execution of programs. As rendering an image is embarrassingly parallel, fragment and pixel shaders scale well on SIMD hardware. Historically, the drive for faster rendering has produced highly-parallel processors which can in turn be used for other SIMD amenable algorithms. Such shaders executing in a compute pipeline are commonly called compute shaders.
Jon Bakero (footballer, born 1971)
Jon Bakero Escudero (born 16 July 1971) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He appeared in 153 Segunda División matches over six seasons, scoring a total of 35 goals for Barcelona B, Almería and Universidad de Las Palmas.

UD Almería
Unión Deportiva Almería, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [uˈnjon depoɾˈtiβ(a) almeˈɾi.a]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded on 26 July 1989 and known as Almería Club de Fútbol until 2001, when it was renamed Unión Deportiva Almería. The club currently plays in the Segunda División, and plays their home games at the 17,400-seat capacity UD Almería Stadium.
Bibionomorpha
The Bibionomorpha are an infraorder of the suborder Nematocera. One of its constituent families, the Anisopodidae, is the presumed sister taxon to the entire suborder Brachycera. Several of the remaining families in the infraorder (those shown without common names) are former subfamilies of the Mycetophilidae, which has been recently subdivided. The family Axymyiidae has recently been removed from the Bibionomorpha to its own infraorder Axymyiomorpha.

Most representatives of the Bibionomorpha are saprophages or fungivores as larvae with the Cecidomyiidae being predominantly gall-formers. Some sciarids are common indoor pests, developing large populations in potting soil that has become moldy from overwatering. The larvae of the Bibionidae sometimes migrate in large, snake-like masses to minimize dehydration while seeking a new feeding site.

Anisopodidae
The Anisopodidae are a small cosmopolitan family of gnat-like flies known as wood gnats or window-gnats, with 154 described extant species in 15 genera, and several described fossil taxa. Some species are saprophagous or fungivorous. They are mostly small to medium-sized flies, except the genera Olbiogaster and Lobogaster, which are large with bizarrely spatulated abdomens. Their phylogenetic placement is controversial. They have been proposed to be the sister group to the higher flies, the Brachycera. Some authors consider this group to be four distinct families – Anisopodidae, Mycetobiidae, Olbiogastridae, and Valeseguyidae.
Jack Stang
Jack Stang born John A. Stang (October 29, 1923 – January 7, 1996) was an American military veteran and police officer who served as an inspiration for the fictional detective Mike Hammer, created by author Mickey Spillane.

Mickey Spillane
Frank Morrison Spillane (/spɪˈleɪn/; March 9, 1918 – July 17, 2006), better known as Mickey Spillane, was an American crime novelist, called the "king of pulp fiction". He was best-known for stories featuring his signature detective character, Mike Hammer.

Spillane's total sales rank him among the most successful fiction authors of the modern era with estimates of between 100 million to more than 200 million copies sold. Spillane was also an occasional actor, once even playing Hammer himself in the 1963 film The Girl Hunters.
Nicolás Almagro
Nicolás Almagro Sánchez (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlas alˈmaɣɾo ˈsantʃeθ]; born 21 August 1985 in Murcia, Spain) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. He reached the quarterfinals of the French Open in 2008, 2010 and 2012 (losing each time to Rafael Nadal, the eventual champion in each occasion), as well as the quarterfinals of the Australian Open in 2013 (losing to David Ferrer after leading by two sets to love).

Over his career, Almagro won thirteen singles titles, and he achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 9 in May 2011. Following his retirement, Almagro began coaching American player Danielle Collins.

2013 Australian Open – Men's singles
Two-time defending champion Novak Djokovic defeated Andy Murray in the final, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–3), 6–3, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2013 Australian Open. It was his fourth Australian Open title and sixth major title overall. With the win, Djokovic became the first man in the Open Era to win the Australian Open three consecutive times.

Djokovic's five-set victory over Stanislas Wawrinka in the fourth round is considered by many observers to be one of the greatest matches ever. It was the first of three consecutive five-set matches the two would contest at the tournament; each time, the victor of said match would go on to win the title.
Dock Watch Quarry
Dock Watch Quarry is an abandoned trap rock quarry located on Dock Watch Hollow Road in Warren Township, New Jersey. The site was excavated from the Preakness Basalt formation of the Second Watchung Mountain, and was active from 1930 until the early 1980s. Controversies surrounding the quarry's operations led to landmark legal decisions concerning nonconforming land use in New Jersey. Today, the site is preserved as an open space, and is recognizable by a basalt cliff face 280 feet (85 m) in height.

Nonconforming use
Nonconforming use in urban planning the use of land that was authorised at the time the use was created but is no longer allowed due to changes made to the zoning restrictions after that time. Secondary suites are commonly permitted as a non-conforming use in the zoning district they are located in because the suite was developed prior to the zoning ordinance coming into effect.
Bauschänzli
Bauschänzli is an artificial island, town square, and public park in Zürich, Switzerland. Bauschänzli (diminutive of "construction entrenchment") is one of the last remains of the Baroque fortifications of Zürich which began in 1642. The neighboring Schanzengraben (moat) and the Old Botanical Garden are part of these remains. Since 1907, the island has been used as a restaurant, although it is officially a public square and park.

Sechseläutenplatz
Sechseläutenplatz (literally: Sechseläuten square) is the largest town square situated in Zurich, Switzerland. Its name derives from the Sechseläuten (the city's traditional spring holiday), which is celebrated on the square in April.
Lee, Higginson & Co.
Lee, Higginson & Co. was a Boston-based investment bank established in 1848 that was the home of many members of the Boston Brahmin establishment.  The bank collapsed in the Swedish match scandal in 1932 while under the leadership of Jerome Davis Greene. The bank helped finance the growth of General Motors during the nascent phase of the American automobile industry.

Following the collapse, the partners of the firm reorganized as Lee Higginson Corporation. The corporation was later acquired by Hayden, Stone Inc. in 1966. The former headquarters of Lee, Higginson in lower Manhattan, built 1928, is now the private Léman Manhattan Preparatory School.

Hayden, Stone & Co.
Hayden, Stone & Co. was a major American securities firm founded in 1892 by Charles Hayden and Galen L. Stone.  The firm was acquired by Cogan, Berlind, Weill & Levitt in 1972 and, after its name disappeared in 1979, was part of what would become Shearson/American Express in 1981.
Osceola Ditch
The Osceola Ditch, also known as the East Ditch, was built in 1889–1890 to convey water from Lehman Creek, Nevada to a hydraulic mine operation at Osceola. Extending for 18 mi (29 km), the ditch includes a 600 ft (180 m) tunnel as well as wooden flumes. The project also includes a rock dam and headgate on Stella Lake. The ditch's terminus at Osceola, Nevada became disused during the early 1900s and was destroyed entirely by a fire in the 1940s. Much of the East Ditch is included within Great Basin National Park.

Hydraulic mining
Hydraulic mining is a form of mining that uses high-pressure jets of water to dislodge rock material or move sediment. In the placer mining of gold or tin, the resulting water-sediment slurry is directed through sluice boxes to remove the gold or tin. It is also used in mining kaolin and coal.

Hydraulic mining developed from ancient Roman techniques that used water to excavate soft underground deposits. Its modern form, using pressurized water jets produced by a nozzle called a "monitor", came about in the 1850s during the California Gold Rush in the United States. Though successful in extracting gold-rich minerals, the widespread use of the process resulted in extensive environmental damage, such as increased flooding and erosion, and sediment blocking waterways and covering farm fields. These problems led to its legal regulation. Hydraulic mining has been used in various forms around the world.
The Return of Frank James
The Return of Frank James is a 1940 Western film directed by Fritz Lang and starring Henry Fonda and Gene Tierney. It is a sequel to Henry King's 1939 film Jesse James. Written by Sam Hellman, the film loosely follows the life of Frank James following the death of his outlaw brother, Jesse James, at the hands of the Ford brothers. The film is universally considered historically inaccurate, but was a commercial success. It was the first motion picture for the actress Gene Tierney, who plays a reporter for the newspaper The Denver Star.

Frank James
Alexander Franklin James (January 10, 1843 – February 18, 1915) was a Confederate soldier and guerrilla; who became an outlaw in the post-Civil War period. The older brother of outlaw Jesse James, Frank was also part of the James–Younger Gang.
CFG Bank
CFG Bank, formerly known as Casablanca Finance Group, is a Moroccan bank founded in 1992. Initially Morocco’s first investment bank, it became a universal bank in 2015, offering services to the general public. The bank is listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange.

Casablanca Stock Exchange
The Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE; Arabic: بورصة الدار البيضاء; French: Bourse de Casablanca) is a stock exchange located in Casablanca, Morocco. It is the second-largest stock exchange in Africa, after the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.

Established in 1929, the Casablanca Stock Exchange plays a central role in the Moroccan financial market. As of August 2025, it comprised 17 brokerage firms and 78 listed companies, with a total market capitalisation of approximately 1.043 trillion MAD (about US$116 billion).

The exchange underwent significant reforms in 1993, which led to the modernization of its regulatory framework and trading infrastructure. An electronic trading system was introduced, and the market was reorganized into two segments: the Central Market and the Block Trade Market, dedicated to block trades.

In 1997, the Casablanca Stock Exchange established a central securities depository, Maroclear, to ensure the clearing and settlement of securities transactions.