hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naranjan Dhalla
Naranjan S. Dhalla, CM OM FRSC (born October 10, 1936) is a Canadian cardiovascular research scientist focusing on cardiovascular pathophysiology and therapy of heart disease. His laboratory employs a variety of experimental models to investigate a wide range of cardiovascular diseases at the subcellular and molecular levels.

Order of Manitoba
The Order of Manitoba is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Instituted in 1999 when Lieutenant Governor Peter Liba granted royal assent to the Order of Manitoba Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Manitoba residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Manitoba Crown.
Annual Review of Phytopathology
The Annual Review of Phytopathology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about phytopathology, the study of diseases that affect plants. It was first published in 1963 as the result of a collaboration between the American Phytopathological Society and the nonprofit publisher Annual Reviews. As of 2025, Journal Citation Reports lists the journal's 2024 impact factor as 11.9, ranking it fifth of 273 journal titles in the category "Plant Sciences". As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.  Its current editors are  Gwyn A. Beattie and Sophien Kamoun.

Plant pathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases.
Twyford, Berkshire
Twyford is a large village and civil parish in the Borough of Wokingham in Berkshire, England. It had a population of 6,618 in the 2011 Census. It is in the Thames Valley and on the A4 between Reading and Maidenhead, close to Henley-on-Thames and Wokingham.

Wokingham
Wokingham (/ˈwoʊkɪŋəm/ ⓘ WOH-king-əm) is a market town and civil parish in Berkshire, England. It is the main administrative centre of the wider Borough of Wokingham. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 38,284 and the wider built-up area had a population of 50,325.
Thomas R. Williams
Thomas Robert Williams (September 9, 1939 – January 3, 2025) was a Canadian university professor and academic administrator who served as the 19th principal of Queen's University, in Kingston, Ontario. He became principal and vice-chancellor of Queen's on May 1, 2008, following the in-term resignation of Karen Hitchcock. He concluded his term as principal on August 31, 2009.

Karen R. Hitchcock
Karen R. Hitchcock (February 10, 1943 – July 10, 2019) was an American biologist and university administrator who had leadership positions at an American and a Canadian university. She served as the President of SUNY's University at Albany in Albany, New York, from 1996 until her resignation in 2003. She was Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Queen's University, in Kingston, Ontario from 2004 until an abrupt resignation in 2008, when she announced her departure in a sudden email to students. After her sudden departure from Queen's University, she returned, with husband Murray Blair, to the Albany, New York, area to live in Vischer Ferry.
Charles H. Berry
Charles Henry Berry (September 12, 1823 – August 21, 1900), widely known as C. H. Berry, was an American politician and jurist who served as the first Minnesota Attorney General after statehood and as one of the last justices of the Idaho Territorial Supreme Court.

Minnesota Attorney General
The attorney general of Minnesota is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Thirty individuals have held the office of Attorney General since statehood. The incumbent is Keith Ellison, a Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party member.
Sanford and Eastern Railroad
The Sanford and Eastern Railroad was a railway company in the United States. It was established by the Pinsly Railroad Company in 1949 to operate the Portland and Rochester Railroad main line. The company's holdings also included a short branch line acquired from the Atlantic Shore Line Railway. The company ceased operations in 1961.

Atlantic Shore Line Railway
The Atlantic Shore Line (ASL) was an electric trolley line providing passenger and freight service to many towns in York County, Maine, in the United States. The ASL was the second-longest trolley line in Maine, encompassing over 87 miles (140 km) of track.
A Bolt of Lightning
"A Bolt of Lightning" was an American television play broadcast on November 12, 1951, as part of the CBS television series, Studio One. It was a historical drama portraying James Otis Jr. (1725–1783) and his 1761 prosecution of the Paxton's case, contesting Britain's use of writs of assistance to conduct warrantless searches of the colonists' property. Charlton Heston, at age 28, starred as Otis.

The running time was 60 minutes including breaks hosted by Betty Furness, promoting Westinghouse refrigerators, electric roaster ovens, food crafters, and "odor-out" bulbs.

Studio One (American TV series)
Studio One is an American anthology drama television series that was adapted from a radio series. It was created in 1947 by Canadian director Fletcher Markle, who came to CBS from the CBC. It premiered on November 7, 1948, and ended on September 29, 1958, with a total of 467 episodes over the course of 10 seasons.
ATC code D09
ATC code D09 Medicated dressings is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup D09 is part of the anatomical group D Dermatologicals.

Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QD09. National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.

Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. Its purpose is an aid to monitor drug use and for research to improve quality medication use. It does not imply drug recommendation or efficacy. It is controlled by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC), and was first published in 1976.
Le Petit Chenail
Le Petit Chenail (English: The Little Chenail) connects the west bank of the Yamaska River and the south bank of the Rivière Pot au Beurre, thus forming the Île du Domaine (length: 6.3 kilometres (3.9 mi) in a north–south direction; maximum width: 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi)) in the municipality of Yamaska in the Pierre-De Saurel Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Montérégie, on the South Shore of Saint Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada.

Rivière Pot au Beurre (Yamaska River tributary)
The Rivière Pot au Beurre is a tributary of the Yamaska River. It flows northeast through the municipalities of Sainte-Victoire-de-Sorel, Sorel-Tracy and Yamaska in the Pierre-De Saurel Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Montérégie, on the South Shore of Saint Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada.
WSJO
WSJO (104.9 FM, "SoJO 104.9") is a commercial radio station licensed to serve Egg Harbor City, New Jersey. The station is owned by Townsquare Media, through licensee Townsquare License, LLC, and broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format.

WSJO broadcasts to the Atlantic City and Vineland areas, with fringe coverage across the rest of South Jersey, including many Philadelphia suburbs. When the station first hit the air in 2004, its programming originated from studios shared with New Jersey 101.5 in Ewing Township, New Jersey, outside its primary coverage area. Today, the station is programmed from Townsquare's Atlantic City/Vineland area cluster in Northfield, New Jersey. That cluster includes WFPG, Atlantic City (Lite Rock 96.9), WENJ, Millvile (97.3 ESPN), WPUR, Atlantic City (Cat Country 107.3) and WPGG, Atlantic City (WPG Talk Radio 95.5).

Egg Harbor City, New Jersey
Egg Harbor City is a city in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The city, and all of Atlantic County, is part of the Atlantic City-Hammonton metropolitan statistical area, which in turn is included in the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 4,396, an increase of 153 (+3.6%) from the 2010 census count of 4,243, which in turn reflected a decline of 302 (−6.6%) from the 4,545 counted in the 2000 census.

The city had the seventh-highest property tax rate in New Jersey, with an equalized rate of 5.044% in 2020, compared to 2.560% in the county as a whole and a statewide average of 2.279%.
Taiping, Perak
Taiping (Malay: [taipeŋ]) is a city located in Larut, Matang and Selama District, in the state of Perak, Malaysia. It is located approximately 48 km (30 mi) northwest of Ipoh, the capital of Perak, and 78 km (48 mi) southeast of George Town, Penang. With a population of 245,182 (in 2013), it is the second largest city in Perak after Ipoh, the state capital.

Taiping took over Kuala Kangsar's role as the state capital from 1876 to 1937, but was then replaced by Ipoh. Its growth slowed after that, but in recent years the town has been developing rapidly again. Perak State Museum is located in the town.

Taiping also receives some limelight for being the wettest town in Peninsular Malaysia. Its average annual rainfall of about 2757mm of precipitation has led to fertile flora and rain trees in the Taiping Lake Gardens.

Taiping was ranked in the Top 3 Sustainable Cities in the world.

Taiping Lake Gardens
The Taiping Lake Gardens (Malay: Taman Tasik Taiping) is the first public garden established during the British rule in Malaysia. The garden is located near Bukit Larut, and is equidistant to the town centre and the Taiping Zoo.
1985: The Year of the Spy
The American media referred to 1985 as the Year of the Spy because law enforcement arrested many foreign spies operating on American soil. However, the preceding year, 1984, actually had more arrests for espionage in the United States.

The eight major agents who became infamous in 1985 for espionage against the United States were John Anthony Walker, Richard Kelly Smyth, Sharon Scranage, Larry Wu-Tai Chin, Jonathan Pollard, Ronald Pelton, Randy Miles Jeffries, and Edward Lee Howard.

Sharon Scranage espionage scandal
The Sharon Scranage espionage scandal involved the passing of classified information from Sharon Scranage, a clerk with the Central Intelligence Agency, to Michael Soussoudis, an intelligence officer with the Ghanaian Provisional National Defence Council.
2012 British Soap Awards
The 2012 British Soap Awards honoured the best in British soap operas throughout 2011 and 2012. The ceremony was held on 28 April 2012 at the London Studios, Lambeth, and was later broadcast on ITV1 and STV. The publicly voted categories were announced on 27 February 2012, with the vote opening that same day. This included a longlist for the Best Actress and Actor awards. The shortlist, including panel nominations, was released on 5 April 2012.

ITV soap Coronation Street tied with BBC soap EastEnders for winning the most awards of the night, both winning seven. However, EastEnders won the Best British Soap award, as well as taking both the Lifetime and Special Achievement accolades. Both Doctors and Hollyoaks did not win an award, while ITV soap Emmerdale won the remaining three awards, including the award for Best Actor.

British Soap Award for Best Actor
The British Soap Award for Best Actor was an award presented annually by  The British Soap Awards from its inception in 1999 until 2019. Alongside Best Actress, the award was voted for by the public. EastEnders was the most awarded soap in this category, with ten wins. Emmerdale actor Danny Miller is the most awarded actor, with three wins. In 2022, it was announced that the category had been replaced with the award for Best Leading Performer. The final winner of the award was Hollyoaks actor Gregory Finnegan.
Landlord–tenant law in Tamil Nadu
Landlord–tenant law in Tamil Nadu is the law governing the legal relationship or jural relationship that exists between the landlord and tenant as long as the valid tenancy continues between them with regard to the demised premises. The principal landlord–tenant statute in Tamil Nadu is The Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960 [Tamil Nadu Act No. XVIII of 1960].

Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960
Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960 is act of Government of Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu, a state in India, has an exclusive Rent Control Act where the state government has the exclusive jurisdiction to legislate on the subject.
Space Stars
Space Stars is a 60-minute American Saturday morning animated program block produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and broadcast on NBC from September 12, 1981, to January 8, 1982.

Space Stars was narrated by Keene Curtis and featured five cartoon segments each week:

Space Ghost (2 segments, 6 minutes each)

The Herculoids (1 segment, 10 minutes)

Teen Force (1 segment, 7 minutes)

Astro and the Space Mutts (1 segment, 7 minutes)

Space Stars Finale (1 segment, 7 minutes)

The cartoons would occasionally cross over into one another. Space Ghost and The Herculoids both had their own respective series in the 1960s. Teen Force and Astro and the Space Mutts were both new segments, although the Astro character was the family dog from The Jetsons.

Space Ghost (TV series)
Space Ghost is an American Saturday-morning superhero animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, first broadcast on CBS from September 10, 1966, to September 16, 1967, and continued reruns until September 7, 1968. The series was composed of two unrelated segments, Space Ghost and Dino Boy in the Lost Valley. The series was created by Alex Toth and produced and directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. Sometimes, it is alternatively called Space Ghost & Dino Boy to acknowledge the presence of both shows.

The Space Ghost segments were seen again in the 1976 series Space Ghost and Frankenstein Jr. (which replaced the Dino Boy segments with the Frankenstein Jr. ones from fellow Hanna-Barbera show Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles), which aired on NBC from November 27, 1976, to September 4, 1977, after NBC put The Kids From C.A.P.E.R. on hiatus.
Basil Ladyka
Archbishop Basil Volodymyr Ladyka, O.S.B.M. (Ukrainian: Василь Володимир Ладика; 2 August 1884 in Drohobych, Austro-Hungarian Empire (present day Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) – 1 September 1956 in Winnipeg, Canada) was a Ukrainian-born Canadian Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch. He served as the Head of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church in Canada from 20 May 1929 until his death on 1 September 1956. He had the next titles: Apostolic Exarch of Canada from 20 May 1929 until 19 January 1948, Apostolic Exarch of Central Canada from 19 January 1948 until 10 March 1951; and Apostolic Exarch of Manitoba from 10 March 1951 until 1 September 1956.

Order of Saint Basil the Great
The Order of Saint Basil the Great (Ukrainian: Чин Святого Василія Великого, romanized: Chyn Sviatoho Vasyliia Velykoho; Latin: Ordo Sancti Basilii Magni, abbreviated OSBM), also known as the Basilian Order of Saint Josaphat, is a Greek Catholic monastic order of pontifical right that works actively among Ukrainian Catholics and other Greek Catholic churches in central and Eastern Europe. The order received approbation on 20 August 1631 and is based at the Monastery of the Holy Trinity, Vilnius.
Circular sector
A circular sector, also known as circle sector or disk sector or simply a sector (symbol: ⌔), is the portion of a disk (a closed region bounded by a circle) enclosed by two radii and an arc, with the smaller area being known as the minor sector and the larger being the major sector. In the diagram, θ is the central angle, r the radius of the circle, and L is the arc length of the minor sector.

Disk (mathematics)
In geometry, a disk (also spelled disc) is the region in a plane bounded by a circle. A disk is said to be closed if it contains the circle that constitutes its boundary, and open if it does not.

For a radius , an open disk is usually denoted as , and a closed disk is . However in the field of topology the closed disk is usually denoted as , while the open disk is .
North Tyneside Steam Railway
The North Tyneside Steam Railway and Stephenson Steam Railway are visitor attractions in North Shields, North East England. The museum and railway workshops share a building on Middle Engine Lane adjacent to the Silverlink Retail Park. The railway is a standard gauge line, running south for 2 miles (3.2 km) from the museum to Percy Main. The railway is operated by the North Tyneside Steam Railway Association (NTSRA). The museum is managed by North East Museums on behalf of North Tyneside Council.

The railway runs along the alignment of various former coal wagonways, which were later used by the Tyne and Wear Metro Test Centre; the museum and workshop building used to be the test facility. The museum is dedicated to the railway pioneers George Stephenson and his son Robert, with one of George's early locomotives, Billy, housed in the museum.

North East Museums
North East Museums (previously Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums) is a regional group of United Kingdom museums and the county archives service located across the Tyne and Wear area of north-east England. They have been administered by a joint board of local authorities since the abolition of the Tyne and Wear Metropolitan County Council in 1986.

They receive financial support from the five local authorities they operate within and since 2012, Arts Council England. The service is one of those specified in the Designation Scheme administered by Arts Council England. In the past, the service received additional financial support from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

Since 2021, the director has been Keith Merrin.

On 26 November 2024 Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums rebranded as North East Museums

On 1 April 2025, three Northumberland venues were added to the list of nine existing managed venues.
Turicibacter bilis
Turicibacter bilis is a species of Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria within the genus Turicibacter. It was first described in 2022 after being isolated from the eggshells of white leghorn chickens and the ileum of a healthy pig in the United States.

Turicibacter
Turicibacter is a genus in the Bacillota phylum of bacteria that has most commonly been found in the guts of animals.
The genus is named after the city in which it was first isolated from the blood of a human, Zurich (Latin = Turicum), Switzerland.
2025 CONIFA Asian Football Cup
The 2025 CONIFA Asian Football Cup was the second edition of the CONIFA Asian Football Cup, an international football tournament for states, minorities, stateless peoples and regions unaffiliated with FIFA with an affiliation to Asia, organised by CONIFA. Tamil Eelam won the men's tournament beating East Turkestan.

CONIFA Asian Football Cup
The CONIFA Asian Football Cup, also known as the CONIFA Asia Cup, is an international football tournament organized by CONIFA, an umbrella association for states, minorities, stateless peoples and regions unaffiliated with FIFA.
Train Management and Control System
The Train Management and Control System (TMACS) is a Communications-based train control system used on over 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) of track in Australia.

Unlike most train protection systems, TMACS does not use balises or any other trackside equipment. Instead, it uses GPS to identify the locomotive's position.: 53  TMACS is only used in Train Order territory, where there are no trackside signals, only points indicators and main line indicators.: 5–6

The CBTC-based system using virtual-block movement authority limits, which are called electronic authorities. The electronic authority replaces a paper-based system of train orders, which operated similarly to Track Warrant Control, and continues to be used on some branch lines in Australia.: 36

Communications-based train control
Communications-based train control (CBTC) is a railway signaling system that uses telecommunications between the train and track equipment for traffic management and infrastructure control. CBTC allows a train's position to be known more accurately than with traditional signaling systems. This can make railway traffic management safer and more efficient. Rapid transit systems (and other railway systems) are able to reduce headways while maintaining or even improving safety.

A CBTC system is a "continuous, automatic train control system utilizing high-resolution train location determination, independent from track circuits; continuous, high-capacity, bidirectional train-to-wayside data communications; and trainborne and wayside processors capable of implementing automatic train protection (ATP) functions, as well as optional automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision (ATS) functions," as defined in the IEEE 1474 standard.
2024–25 Liga 4 national phase
The 2024–25 Liga 4 national phase is scheduled to begin on 21 April and conclude on 27 May 2025. The top 64 teams from 38 provincial leagues in the provincial phase will compete for 8 promotion spots to the 2025–26 Liga Nusantara. Each provincial league will have at least one representative, with the number of representatives adjusted based on the league's coefficient.

2024–25 Liga 4
The 2024–25 Liga 4 was the inaugural season of the Liga 4, a football league newly established by the PSSI as the fourth tier in the current league system, and the only amateur competition within the structure. The competition is organized by the PSSI Provincial Associations during the provincial phase and by the PSSI during the national phase.

Tri Brata Rafflesia won their first national trophy in the club history, after defeating Persika Karanganyar in the final match.