hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Local Government Finance Act 1988
The Local Government Finance Act 1988 (c. 41) introduced significant reforms to local taxation in the United Kingdom (except Northern Ireland).  The old systems of rates were replaced by the Community Charge (for individuals) and business rates (for businesses).  The Community Charge was extremely unpopular, leading to the poll tax riots of 1990, and contributing to the resignation of Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister later that year.

The sections of the Act pertaining to the Community Charge were repealed by the Local Government Finance Act 1992, which introduced the new Council Tax as a replacement from 1993.

Rates in the United Kingdom
Rates are a tax on property in the United Kingdom used to fund local government. Business rates are collected throughout the United Kingdom. Domestic rates are collected in Northern Ireland and were collected in England and Wales before 1990 and in Scotland before 1989.

Rates are usually paid by the occupier of a property, and only in the case of unoccupied property does the owner become liable to pay them.
Alicante Tram
The Alicante Tram, trademarked as Alicante Metropolitan TRAM (Valencian: TRAM Metropolità d'Alacant,  Spanish: TRAM Metropolitano de Alicante), is a rail transport network operating in the  city of Alicante, and its surrounding area, in the Valencian Community of Spain. It was inaugurated on 15 August 2003 replacing narrow-gauge diesel trains between Alicante and El Campello.

Like other narrow gauge railways in the Valencian Community, it is run by Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV). The Alicante Metropolitan Tram network combines different modes of rail services: a partially underground light rail through Alicante city centre, a tram-train from Alicante to Benidorm, and conventional commuter rail from Benidorm to Altea, Calp and Dénia.

Alicante
Alicante or Alacant (officially: Alacant / Alicante) is a city and municipality in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Alicante and a historic Mediterranean port. With a population of 358,608 as of 2024, it is the 2nd-largest city in the Valencian Community and the 10th-largest in Spain.

Together with Elche (Elx) and other municipalities, Alicante forms a conurbation of nearly 1 million inhabitants.
E (programming language)
E is an object-oriented programming language for secure distributed computing, created by Mark S. Miller, Dan Bornstein, Douglas Crockford, Chip Morningstar and others at Electric Communities in 1997. E is mainly descended from the concurrent language Joule and from Original-E, a set of extensions to Java for secure distributed programming. E combines message-based computation with Java-like syntax. A concurrency model based on event loops and promises ensures that deadlock can never occur.

Chip Morningstar
Chip Morningstar is an American software architect, mainly for online entertainment and communication.

Morningstar held many jobs throughout his career in the research and development of technology and programs. Most notably was Morningstar's role as project leader for Lucasfilm's Habitat, the first large-scale virtual multiuser environment. In March 2001, Morningstar and colleague Randy Farmer were awarded the inaugural "First Penguin Award" by the International Game Developers Association for their work on Habitat. He also participated in Project Xanadu, for which the word hypertext was first coined. Additionally, he is credited with coining the term avatar and pre-Internet work in online information marketplaces.
Hoton, Leicestershire
Hoton is a village and civil parish in the Charnwood district of Leicestershire, England, on the A60 north-east of Loughborough, just south of the border with Nottinghamshire.  Nearby places are Prestwold (to the south), Wymeswold (to the east), and Rempstone (to the north, in Nottinghamshire). At the 2011 Census, the population was 353.

In 1870, Hoton was described as:

"A township and chapelry in Prestwold parish, Leicester; near the river Soar and the boundary with Notts, 3¼ miles NE of Loughborough railway station"

Rempstone
Rempstone /ˈrɛmpstən/ is a village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe district of Nottinghamshire, England. It is close to Nottingham, Loughborough, Melton Mowbray and Shepshed as well as the Leicestershire border. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 367, increasing to 412 residents at the 2021 census. It is situated at the crossing of the A60 and A6006 roads and the village is mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book.
Kostki Małe
Kostki Małe [ˈkɔstki ˈmawɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Busko-Zdrój, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Busko-Zdrój and 47 km (29 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Busko-Zdrój
Gmina Busko-Zdrój is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Busko-Zdrój, which lies approximately 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 235.88 square kilometres (91.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 32,512, of which the population of Busko-Zdrój is 17,297, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 15,215.

The gmina contains parts of the protected areas called Nida Landscape Park and Szaniec Landscape Park.
Bawtry Wharf
Bawtry Wharf was a small medieval port in the town of Bawtry, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The port operated from a wharf on the River Idle, a small body of water that flowed eastwards inland from Bawtry to the River Trent, and was navigable to sailing ships. Bawtry Wharf flourished as a port from the 12th century until the middle of the 19th century. Whilst the port was in a decline by the early 19th century, the building of a railway viaduct near the town necessitated diverting the River Idle which isolated the port from the main river stem, and the site silted up after losing its water.

Daniel Defoe described Bawtry port as "the centre of exportation for all of the country."

River Idle
The River Idle is a river in Nottinghamshire, England, formed by the confluence of the River Maun and the River Meden near Markham Moor. It flows north from its source through Retford and Bawtry before joining the River Trent at West Stockwith. Its main tributaries are the River Poulter and the River Ryton. The river is navigable as far as Bawtry, with a statutory right of navigation extending to Retford. Much of the land surrounding the Idle consists of broad flood plain, and the river is significant for conservation, with several Sites of Special Scientific Interest being designated along its course.
Sobin Yamada
Sobin Yamada was the 26th abbot of Shinju-an, a subtemple of the Rinzai Zen temple of Daitoku-ji in Kyoto. Shinju-an is the memorial temple for Ikkyu. Yamada studied at Hanazono, a Rinzai university in Kyoto, and at Ryukoku University.

There is a calligraphic work by Yamada in the Asian Art Museum (San Francisco); it was commissioned by Yoshiko Kakudo for the museum.

Yamada was born in 1920 and died in 2008.

Asian Art Museum (San Francisco)
The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco – Chong-Moon Lee Center for Asian Art and Culture is a museum in San Francisco, California that specializes in Asian art. The museum building and its permanent collection are owned by the City of San Francisco.
Thomas Erskine, Lord Erskine
Thomas Erskine, Lord Erskine (1705 – 16 March 1766) was a Scottish 18th century politician.

He was the son of John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar. He could not inherit the title of Earl of Mar due to the Writ of Attainder for treason passed against his father in 1716 for his role in the First Jacobite Rebellion (1715).

He had a home in Broughton, Gayfield House, purchased in 1765 shortly before his death for £2,000. The house is still extant.

Broughton, Edinburgh
Broughton (/ˈbroʊtən/) is an area of Edinburgh, Scotland. Broughton was an ancient feudal barony that existed outside of Edinburgh before it was later incorporated into the city as urban development took place in the 18th and 19th centuries. The area is mostly residential in nature but includes the former Broughton market. Today there are numerous small businesses as well as several listed church buildings, a gallery and some organisations, including the Edinburgh Museums collection centre and the Scottish Historic Buildings Trust (the Glasite meeting house).
William Alexander (American football)
William Anderson Alexander (June 6, 1889 – April 23, 1950) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the Georgia Institute of Technology from 1920 to 1944, compiling a record of 134–95–15. Alexander has the second most victories of any Tech football coach. Alexander's 1928 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets have been recognized as national champions by a number of selectors. Alexander was the first college football coach to place his teams in the four major post-season bowl games of the time: Sugar, Cotton, Orange and Rose. His teams won three of the four bowls. The 1929 Rose Bowl win, which earned his team the national championship, is the most celebrated because of the wrong-way run by California's Roy Riegels. Alexander was also the head basketball coach at Georgia Tech for four seasons from 1919 to 1924. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951.

McCamish Pavilion
Hank McCamish Pavilion, nicknamed The Thrillerdome and originally known as Alexander Memorial Coliseum, is an indoor arena located on the campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia. It is the home of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's basketball and Yellow Jackets women's basketball teams.

The venue previously hosted the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1968 to 1972 and again from 1997 to 1999. Tech's women's volleyball team occasionally uses the facility as well, primarily for NCAA tournament games and other matches that draw crowds that would overflow the O'Keefe Gymnasium.
Mathilde, Abbess of Essen
Mathilde (also Mahthild or Matilda; 949 – 5 November 1011) was Abbess of Essen Abbey from 973 to her death.  She was one of the most important abbesses in the history of Essen. She was responsible for the abbey, for its buildings, its precious relics, liturgical vessels and manuscripts, its political contacts, and for commissioning translations and overseeing education. In the unreliable list of Essen Abbesses from 1672, she is listed as the second Abbess Mathilde and as a result, she is sometimes called "Mathilde II" to distinguish her from the earlier abbess of the same name, who is meant to have governed Essen Abbey from 907 to 910 but whose existence is disputed.

Essen Abbey
Essen Abbey (German: Stift Essen) was a community of secular canonesses for women of high nobility that formed the nucleus of modern-day Essen, Germany.

A chapter of male priests were also attached to the abbey, under a dean.  In the medieval period, the abbess exercised the functions of a bishop, except for the sacramental ones, and those of a ruler, over the very extensive estates of the abbey, and had no clerical superior except the pope.
Maureen Swanson
Maureen Ward, Countess of Dudley, known professionally as Maureen Swanson (25 November 1932 – 16 November 2011), was a British actress. As Maureen Swanson, she featured in British pictures during the 1950s. She retired from acting in 1961, following her marriage to Viscount Ednam.

Filmink magazine called her "immensely watchable on screen, and might have had a very strong career had her personal life not intervened."

Third Party Risk
Third Party Risk (released in the US as The Deadly Game) is a 1955 second feature British crime drama film directed by Daniel Birt (who died a few months after the film's completion) and starring Lloyd Bridges, Simone Silva and Finlay Currie. It was written by Daniel Birt and Robert Dunbaris, based on the 1953 novel of the same name by Nicholas Bentley. It was released in the United States by Lippert Pictures under the title The Deadly Game, and later shown on American television under the title  Big Deadly Game. J. Elder Wills was art director, Jimmy Sangster was assistant director and Phil Leakey handled makeup. Parts of the film were shot on location in Spain. Filming started on 15 February 1954, and it was trade shown on 22 March 1955 at the Hammer Theatre. Meanwhile the film had already been released in America in January 1955. This was the last Hammer film that Lippert released in the US.
Mukhametdaminovo
Mukhametdaminovo (Russian: Мухаметдаминово; Bashkir: Мөхәмәтдәмин, Möxämätdämin) is a rural locality (a village) in Sterlibashevsky Selsoviet, Sterlibashevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 110 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Sterlibashevsky District
Sterlibashevsky District (Russian: Стерлиба́шевский райо́н; Bashkir and Tatar: Стәрлебаш районы, Stärlebaş rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Miyakinsky District in the north, Sterlitamaksky District in the northeast and east, Meleuzovsky District in the southeast, Fyodorovsky District in the south, and with Orenburg Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 1,609 square kilometers (621 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Sterlibashevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 20,217, with the population of Sterlibashevo accounting for 29.3% of that number.
The Survivalist (novel series)
The Survivalist is the generic title of Jerry Ahern's long-lived series of 29 pulp novels centering around John Rourke, an ex-CIA officer turned weapons and survival expert, in the aftermath of a nuclear war.

Jerry Ahern
Jerome Morrell Ahern (June 23, 1946 – July 24, 2012) was an American writer of science fiction and action novels, non-fiction books, and articles for various firearms publications. He was considered an expert on firearms and related accessories, produced his own line of holsters, and served as president of firearms company Detonics.
Don Khun Wiset railway halt
Don Khun Wiset Halt (Thai: ที่หยุดรถดอนขุนวิเศษ) was a railway station on the Suphanburi Line, located in Tambon Huai Mon Thong, Amphoe Kamphaeng San, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand. The station was changed from a station to a halt on March 1, 1977. There was only one platform, 200 metres in length. No trains now stop at the station.

Suphan Buri Line
Suphan Buri Line is a railway line in Western Thailand, opened on 16 June 1963, by Prime Minister Sarit Thanarat. There were initially 16 stations, but only seven stations now remain in operation. The line branches off from the Southern Line.

The line was originally planned as a bypass route passing through Ang Thong Province and crossing the Chao Phraya River to connect with the Northern and Northeastern Lines at Ban Phachi Junction, but construction was halted before it reached that point.

Only one train runs daily on this route. It departs Bangkok at 4:40 p.m. and arrives in Suphan Buri at 7:40 p.m. The return trip leaves Suphan Buri at 4:40 a.m. and reaches Bangkok at 8:10 a.m.
Rian Murphy
Rian Murphy is a drummer and music producer for the Chicago record label Drag City, and also acts as the company's sales director.

He has worked with Appendix Out, Palace Music, Smog, Royal Trux, the Silver Jews and Edith Frost.  In 2000, Murphy released the EP All Most Heaven with Will Oldham.

Murphy was also involved in the comedy series People Under the Stares.

Alasdair Roberts (musician)
Alasdair Roberts (born 8 August 1977) is a Scottish folk musician. He released a number of albums under the name Appendix Out and, following the 2001 album The Night Is Advancing, under his own name. Roberts is also known for his frequent collaborations with other musicians and writers, as well as for being a member of the folk supergroup The Furrow Collective.
The One (shopping centre)
The ONE is a shopping centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is built on the site of the former Tung Ying Building at 100 Nathan Road. It was developed by Chinese Estates Holdings and opened in 2010. Owner Joseph Lau Luen-hung gifted the property to his wife in 2017.

Joseph Lau
Joseph Lau Luen-hung (Chinese: 劉鑾雄; born 21 July 1951) is a Hong Kong billionaire businessman. Lau is the former chairman of property developer Chinese Estates. He is an avid art and wine collector. His fortune is estimated by Forbes at $13.3 billion as of September 2021. In 2014, he became a convicted felon and fugitive in Macau.

He lives in one of the most expensive houses in Hong Kong, at Goldsmith Road, Jardine's Lookout, valued at HK$2.5 billion with Chan Hoi-wan.
Aquaman (TV series)
Aquaman is an American animated series from Filmation that premiered on CBS on September 9, 1967, and ended in June 1970. It is a 30-minute version of The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure, repackaged without the Superman and Superboy segments.

The show is composed of previously aired adventures featuring the DC Comics superheroes Aquaman (voiced by Marvin Miller) and his sidekick Aqualad (voiced by Jerry Dexter). There were also segments featuring the Atom, the Flash and Kid Flash, the Green Lantern and Hawkman, as well as team-ups with the Justice League of America and Teen Titans. The series was narrated by Ted Knight, with Marvin Miller voicing most of the villains.

Aquaman's wife Mera also appeared occasionally. Aquaman rode his seahorse Storm, and Aqualad was accompanied by a sea pony, Imp, and his pet, Tusky.

Jerry Dexter
Jerry Dexter (April 18, 1935 – June 21, 2013) was an American actor and radio presenter best known for playing teenage boys and young men in animated television series for Hanna-Barbera Productions from the late 1960s to the 1980s.
Openlands
Openlands is a non-profit conservation organization and accredited land trust that works with groups and individuals in northeastern Illinois, northwestern Indiana, and southeastern Wisconsin.

The organization focuses on four major areas of work: protecting land, water, and wildlife; growing the tree canopy; empowering people and communities; and advocating for policy solutions. 
It is a member of Chicago Wilderness.

Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie
The Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie (MNTP) is a tallgrass prairie reserve and is preserved as United States National Grassland operated by the United States Forest Service. The first national tallgrass prairie ever designated in the United States and the largest conservation site in the Chicago Wilderness region, it is located on the site of the former Joliet Army Ammunition Plant between the towns of Elwood, Manhattan and Wilmington in northeastern Illinois. Since 2015, it has hosted a conservation herd of American bison to study their interaction with prairie restoration and conservation.
Zain (gamer)
Zain Naghmi (/zæn/ or /zeɪn/, born June 11, 1996), better known as Zain, is an American professional Super Smash Bros. Melee player from Virginia. Beginning his career in 2014, he rapidly climbed the ranks, becoming a top 100 player in the world within only two years, a top 10 player since 2018, and was ranked the number one player in the world in 2022, 2024 and 2025. Naghmi plays Marth and is currently considered the best Marth player in the world. He was sponsored by Golden Guardians from February 2020 to March 2023. In April 2023, he was signed by Moist Esports.

His most notable tournament placings include first at GENESIS 7 and GENESIS 8, second at The Big House 9 and Smash Summit 11 and third at Smash Summit 12 and Super Smash Con 2019. A 2021 list compiled by PGstats ranked Naghmi as the ninth-greatest Melee player of all time.

The Big House (tournament)
The Big House was an annual Super Smash Bros. tournament series held in Michigan, with the first event taking place in 2011. It is considered one of the largest and most prestigious Smash Bros. tournament series alongside GENESIS, Evolution Championship Series (EVO) and Super Smash Con. In 2024, The Big House was put on an indefinite hiatus by the organizers.
Whole Lotta Holes
"Whole Lotta Holes" is a song written by Jon Vezner and Don Henry, and recorded by American country music artist Kathy Mattea.  It was released in July 1991 as the second single from the album Time Passes By.  The song reached #18 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Jon Vezner
Jon Vezner (born June 6, 1951) is an American country music songwriter. He is best known for his work with Kathy Mattea, to whom he has been married since 1988.

Vezner began working as a songwriter in Minnesota and later moved to Nashville, Tennessee. He set up a publishing company underneath the apartment in which Mattea lived, and befriended her after jump-starting her car. They began dating in 1986, and married on February 14, 1988.

Vezner wrote several of Mattea's songs, including "Where've You Been", "A Few Good Things Remain", "Time Passes By", and "Whole Lotta Holes". He also wrote "Then What?" for Clay Walker, "If I Didn't Love You" by Steve Wariner, and "You're Gone" by Diamond Rio.

He performs with Don Henry as The Don Juans; they accompanied Tom Paxton on his 2018 and 2019 UK tours.
2012 Montenegrin parliamentary election
Snap parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 14 October 2012. The parliamentary elections were the ninth since the reintroduction of multi-party system in 1990, and the third since regaining full independence in 2006. The result was a victory for the ruling European Montenegro alliance (based around the Democratic Party of Socialists) led by Milo Đukanović, which won 39 of the 81 seats, remaining without the majority by itself for the first time since the 2001 election, and subsequently forming a majority coalition government with the ethnic minority Bosniak Party (BS) and Croatian Civic Initiative (HGI) parties.

Croatian Civic Initiative
The Croatian Civic Initiative (Croatian/Montenegrin: Hrvatska građanska inicijativa, HGI, Montenegrin Cyrillic: Хрватска грађанска иницијатива, ХГИ) is a political party of the Croat minority in Montenegro.
Dermatotrophy
Dermatotrophy is a rare reproductive behaviour in which the young feed on the skin of its parents. It has been observed in several species of caecilian, including Boulengerula taitana, and is claimed to exist in the newly discovered unpublished species Dermophis donaldtrumpi.

Dermophis donaldtrumpi
Dermophis donaldtrumpi is a name proposed for a putative new species of caecilian – a nearly blind serpentine amphibian – to be named after Donald Trump. It was originally discovered in Panama and though the name was proposed in 2018, it has yet to be confirmed as a new species; as of 2024, the binomial name and description of the species has not been formally published. It was given its name after the Rainforest Trust held an auction for the naming rights. The company EnviroBuild won the auction and proposed naming the species in protest against Trump's environmental policies and views.