hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Theale
Theale (/ˈθiːəl, ˈθiːl/) is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England. It is 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Reading and 10 miles (16 km) east of Thatcham. The compact parish is bounded to the south and south-east by the Kennet & Avon Canal (which here incorporates the River Kennet), to the north by a golf course, to the east by the M4 motorway and to the west by the A340 road.

River Kennet
The Kennet is a tributary of the River Thames in Southern England. Most of the river is straddled by the North Wessex Downs AONB (Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty). The lower reaches have been made navigable as the Kennet Navigation, which – together with the Avon Navigation, the Kennet and Avon Canal and the Thames – links the cities of Bristol and London.

The length from near its sources west of Marlborough, Wiltshire down to Woolhampton, Berkshire is a 111.1-hectare (275-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). This is primarily from an array of rare plants and animals completely endemic to chalky watercourses.

When Wiltshire had second-tier local authorities, one, Kennet District, took the name of the river.
Gonadotropin preparations
Gonadotropin preparations are drugs that mimic the physiological effects of gonadotropins, used therapeutically mainly as fertility medication for ovarian hyperstimulation and ovulation induction. For example, the so-called menotropins consist of LH and FSH extracted from human urine from menopausal women. There are also recombinant variants.

Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as luteinising hormone, lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. The production of LH is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. In females, an acute rise of LH known as an LH surge, triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone. It acts synergistically with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
History of Richmond Hill, Ontario
The history of Richmond Hill began when the First Nations came and settled in the area. With the Toronto Purchase, the city gradually expanded with new greenhouse industries and improved transportation infrastructure.

Richmond Hill, Ontario
Richmond Hill (2021 population: 202,022) is a city in south-central York Region, Ontario, Canada. Part of the Greater Toronto Area, it is the York Region's third most populous municipality and the 27th most populous municipality in Canada. Richmond Hill is situated between the cities of Markham and Vaughan, north of Thornhill, and south of Aurora.

Richmond Hill has seen significant population growth since the 1990s. It became a city in 2019 after being a town since 1957. The city is home to the David Dunlap Observatory telescope, the largest telescope in Canada.
Playland (Fresno)
Playland was an amusement park in Roeding Park in Fresno, California. It was built in 1955, and it shared the space on the southwest corner of the park with Storyland, its sister park, and Fresno Chaffee Zoo. For most of its history, Playland and Storyland competed with the Zoo for guests, but after years of poor turnout, and the rise of prominence of the Chaffee Zoo, in 2015, Playland and Storyland underwent a massive overhaul and repair project, and the owner of Playland and Storyland, the Fresno Rotary Clubs, decided to collaborate with the nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that runs the Chaffee Zoo to offer discounts to encourage guests to visit all three parks.

Despite the efforts of the owners, Playland closed its doors for the final time on March 23, 2025.

Fresno Chaffee Zoo
The Fresno Chaffee Zoo is a zoo in Roeding Park in Fresno, California covering 39 acres and housing over 190 species. Its attractions include Stingray Bay, Dino Dig, Valley Farm, Sea Lion Cove, African Adventure, and Ross Laird's Winged Wonders Bird Show. The zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and is a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).
Richard von Kühlmann
Richard von Kühlmann (3 May 1873 – 16 February 1948) was a German diplomat and  industrialist. From 6 August 1917 to 9 July 1918, he served as Germany's State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and led the delegation that negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which removed the Russian Empire from World War I in March 1918.

Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)
The federal minister for foreign affairs (German: Bundesminister des Auswärtigen) is the head of the Federal Foreign Office and a member of the Cabinet of Germany. The current office holder is Johann Wadephul. Since 1966, the minister for foreign affairs has often also simultaneously held the office of vice-chancellor of Germany.
Alan Tate
Alan Tate (born 2 September 1982) is an English professional football coach and retired footballer who is the assistant manager of Danish Superliga club Brøndby.

A former defender, Tate spent the majority of his playing career at Swansea City. After retiring from playing, Tate moved into coaching with Swansea, before joining Nottingham Forest in 2021, before leaving with Steve Cooper in December 2023.

Steve Cooper (football manager)
Steven Daniel Cooper (born 10 December 1979) is a Welsh professional football manager and former player who is the manager of Danish Superliga club Brøndby.

Cooper began his coaching career at Wrexham's academy while playing as a defender in the Welsh football leagues. He moved to Liverpool in 2008 and was appointed manager of their academy in 2011. Cooper joined the England youth set-up in 2014, initially coaching the U16s, before winning the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup with the U17s. He became head coach of Swansea City in 2019 before managing Nottingham Forest from 2021 to 2023. He then became the manager of Leicester City.
Dorothea Macnee
Dorothea Mabel Macnee, BEM (née Henry; 30 October 1896 – 29 November 1984), was a British socialite during the inter-war years. Her wide circle included many prominent people in entertainment and the arts, several of whom were introduced to her alternative lifestyle in the Berkshire house where she lived with her lesbian partner. After the Second World War, she was involved in the Women's Voluntary Service, receiving the British Empire Medal for her services. She had two sons, one of whom was Patrick Macnee, the actor.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Kayo Sports
Kayo Sports is an Australian over-the-top video streaming service owned by Hubbl, a subsidiary of Foxtel.  Launched in November 2018, the service is oriented towards sports, carrying live and on-demand content from Foxtel's Fox Sports networks, and third-party partners such as ESPN Australia and Racing.com.

ESPN Australia
ESPN Australia is the Australian division of ESPN, part of the ESPN International grouping. It is offered in Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands.

Since 2023, it has been the only Disney-owned network in Oceania along with Baby TV to broadcast as a linear television channel, with the Disney Channel and Disney Junior as well as Nat Geo Wild and National Geographic all having been shut down in favour of the streaming service Disney+.
Ota traditional chiefs
Traditional Chiefs in Ota play a role in maintaining local cultures and traditions in Ota, Nigeria. Many also form the group of Kingmakers who select the traditional ruler, or Oba, of Ota: the Olota of Ota.

Chiefly positions are hereditary. When a traditional chief dies, his or her family lineage performs rites and then meets to determine the new chief. Once one or more candidates are chosen by the family, they are presented to a local group of kingmakers who make the final decision. These local Kingmakers include the Apena of Osugbo Ota, the Odogun of Ota, the Asalu of Ota, the Ojumo of Ota, and the Oloregan of Ota. The procedure for choosing new chiefs is governed by the Chiefs Law of 1957, Section 4(2) of the Customary Law.

All chiefly candidates must be male members of the appropriate ruling houses. Female candidates may be acceptable if there are no qualified male candidates. The Iyalode of Ota is the sole exception, as this title is always held by a woman.

Oba (ruler)
Oba (Yoruba: ọba, lit. 'King') is a pre-nominal honorific for kings in Yorubaland, and by extension the Kingdom of Benin.

According to Yoruba mythology, the first oba was Oduduwa, the legendary progenitor of the Yoruba people. Many royal lineages claim descent from him, including that of the Ooni of Ife, Alaafin of Oyo, Awujale of Ijebuland, Oba of Benin, Olu of Warri and many others. Obas served as the spiritual, cultural, and sometimes political leaders of a town, city, or kingdom. In the present day Obas are highly respected figures who trace their lineage back to the earliest Yoruba kingdoms, particularly Ile-Ife, which is considered the spiritual and historical origin of the Yoruba. Although the Benin Kingdom is Edo and not located within Yorubaland, its Oba ruling dynasty traces its origin to Ile-Ife.

The title is distinct from that of Oloye in Yorubaland, which is itself used in like fashion by subordinate titleholders in the contemporary Yoruba chieftaincy system.
Virtual disk and virtual drive
Virtual disk and virtual drive are software components that emulate an actual disk storage device.

Virtual disks and virtual drives are common components of virtual machines in hardware virtualization, but they are also widely used for various purposes unrelated to virtualization, such as for the creation of logical disks, software development, testing environments, and data management. They offer flexibility, ease of management, and the ability to simulate different storage environments without needing the corresponding physical hardware.

Logical disk
A logical disk, logical volume or virtual disk (VD or vdisk for short) is a virtual device that provides an area of usable storage capacity on one or more physical disk drive(s) in a computer system. The disk is described as logical or virtual because it does not actually exist as a single physical entity in its own right. The goal of the logical disk is to provide computer software with what seems a contiguous storage area, sparing them the burden of dealing with the intricacies of storing files on multiple physical units. Most modern operating systems provide some form of logical volume management.
Phintella lunda
Phintella lunda is a species of jumping spider in the genus Phintella that lives in Angola. It was first described in 2010 by Wanda Wesołowska, and given a specific name to reflect the fact that it was first found in Lunda Sul Province. The spider is medium-sized and a similar shape to others in the genus. It has a very dark brown carapace that has edge markings and a greyish-brown abdomen that has streaks on the top and sides, but the main distinguishing feature are the copulatory organs. The male has a distinctive straight side to its palpal bulb, while the female has am epigyne which has two pockets and copulatory openings in cups.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Drains Bay
Drains Bay (possibly from Irish Draighean, meaning 'blackthorn' + English "bay") is a small residential and commuter settlement about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of Larne and south of Ballygalley on the coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

The village is mainly residential with a mix of retired people and young families living there. Some residents commute to Larne by car or bus and to Belfast by car or by train or bus (from Larne). Drains Bay beach is popular with dog walkers and can be accessed at its southern end via steps or northern end grass verge.  At its northern end there is also a carpark area with benches, public toilets, picnic tables and a play area for children. On the other side of the settlement are hills popular with walkers, hikers and also landscape painters. 
There are no shops in Drains Bay, but it is visited by mobile food vendors at weekends.

To the north of Drains Bay lies Carnfunnock Country Park and Ballygally

Ballygally
Ballygally or Ballygalley (from Irish Baile Geithligh, meaning 'Geithleach's townland', IPA:[ˈbˠalʲəˈɟɛhlʲiː]ⓘ) is a village and holiday resort in County Antrim, Northern Ireland which lies on the Antrim coast, approximately 3 miles (5 kilometres) north of Larne. It is also a townland of 769 acres (311 hectares) and is situated in the civil parish of Carncastle and the historic barony of Glenarm Upper. It had a population of 821 in the 2011 census.  It is located within the Mid and East Antrim Borough Council area.
Kyrgyz people
The Kyrgyz people are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia. They primarily reside in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. A Kyrgyz diaspora is also found in Russia, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. They speak the Kyrgyz language, which is the official language of Kyrgyzstan.

The earliest people known as "Kyrgyz" were the descendants of several Central Asian tribes, first emerging in western Mongolia around 201 BC. Modern Kyrgyz people are descended in part from the Yenisei Kyrgyz that lived in the Yenisey river valley in Siberia. The Kyrgyz people were constituents of the Tiele people, the Göktürks, and the Uyghur Khaganate before establishing the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate in the 9th century, and later a Kyrgyz khanate in the 15th century.

Tiele people
The Tiele (Chinese: 鐵勒; pinyin: Tiělè), also transliterated as Chile (Chinese: 敕勒), Dili (Chinese: 狄歷), Zhile (Chinese: 直勒) and Tele (Chinese: 特勒), who were also known by the Chinese exonym Gaoche (Chinese: 高車) or Gaoju, were a tribal confederation of Turkic ethnic origins living to the north of China proper and in Central Asia, emerging after the disintegration of the Xiongnu confederacy. Chinese sources associate them with the earlier Dingling.
Bandula Karunarathna
Nissanka Bandula Karunarathna (born 16 June 1962) is a Sri Lankan lawyer who served as the 51st president of the Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka from 6 February 2023 to 16 June 2025. He was appointed by President Ranil Wickremesinghe.

He had previously served as a judge of the Court of Appeal.

Karunarathna commenced pre-retirement leave on 2 February 2025, with M. T. Mohammed Laffar appointed as acting president. He concluded his tenure on 16 June 2025 upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 63 and was succeeded as the 52nd president by Rohantha Abeysooriya.

Rohantha Abeysooriya
Nalin Rohantha Abeysooriya, PC is a Sri Lankan lawyer who is currently serving as the 52nd president of the Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka. He was appointed by President Anura Kumara Dissanayake on 19 June 2025.
Cross My Broken Heart (Sinitta song)
"Cross My Broken Heart" is a song by American-British pop singer Sinitta. It was released in March 1988 by Fanfare Records as the sixth and final single from her self-titled debut album (1987). The song was written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman, and was successful in the UK where it was a top 10 hit, peaking at number six. It was certified silver by the BPI. The B-side contains a remix of her 1987 hit, "Toy Boy".

Toy Boy (song)
"Toy Boy" is a song by British singer Sinitta. Written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman, it was released on 25 July 1987 and became the fourth single in her self-titled debut album, which came out on 26 December of the same year. It became a hit in the UK and in other European countries where it reached the top ten.
Matt Epp
Matt Epp (born November 25, 1980) is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Winnipeg, Manitoba. He has released several albums and collaborated with artists like Eliza Gilkyson, Rose Cousins, Serena Ryder and Amelia Curran, among others.

Amelia Curran (musician)
Amelia Curran is a Canadian singer-songwriter from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The National Post describes her music as "a bit like Leonard Cohen being channeled in a dusty saloon by Patsy Cline."
Yalda Samadi
Yalda Samadi (Persian: یلدا صمدی; born December 22, 1990, Tehran) is an Iranian musician, pianist, and composer. Samadi has performed with musical groups such as Sharghi Ensembles, Simin Ghanem, Hengame Ghaziani, Ariana, Avaye Mehrabani, Noushe, and Chakavak Orchestra.

Simin Ghanem
Simin Ghanem (Persian: سیمین غانم‌; born 11 April 1944) is an Iranian classical and pop singer. Ghanem started singing at the age of 9. She was the best singer in the "Iran's school competition" in 1962. After 7 years she started professional singing with a TV program named Mowj-e Khorooshan (1969).
Mary Nicholas Arnoldy
Mary Nicholas Arnoldy (1893–1985) was a Roman Catholic Sister of St. Joseph of Concordia (Kansas), and a mathematician. Along with M. Henrietta Reilly, and Mary Domitilla Thuener, she was one of a very few women and Catholic sisters to earn a doctorate in mathematics before 1940.

Mary Domitilla Thuener
Mary Domitilla Thuener OSB (Eleanor Margaret Thuener, 1880–1977) was a nun and mathematician who served as the first head of Villa Madonna College. She was one of a few women who earned their PhD in math in the U.S. before World War II.
2-Hydroxy-3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid
MOPSO is a zwitterionic organic chemical buffering agent; one of Good's buffers. MOPSO and MOPS (3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid) are chemically similar, differing only in the presence of a hydroxyl group on the C-2 of the propane moiety. It has a useful pH range of 6.5-7.9 in the physiological range, making it useful for cell culture work. It has a pKa of 6.9 with ΔpKa/°C of -0.015 and a solubility in water at 0°C of 0.75 M.

MOPSO has been used as a buffer component for:

Copper analysis via:
Flow injection micellar technique of the catalytic reaction of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone and N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-3,5-dimethoxyaniline
Electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy to measure MOPSO-copper chelated complexes

Discontinuous gel electrophoresis on rehydratable polyacrylamide gels

Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar

Fixing cells in urine in a buffered alcohol

Testing crude oil bioremediation products in marine environments

MOPS
MOPS (3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid) is a buffer introduced in the 1960s, one of the twenty Good's buffers. It is a structural analog to MES, and like MES, its structure contains a morpholine ring. HEPES is a similar pH buffering compound that contains a piperazine ring. With a pKa of 7.20, MOPS is an excellent buffer for many biological systems at near-neutral pH.
Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive
The Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive or Karelian offensive was a strategic operation by the Soviet Leningrad and Karelian Fronts against Finland on the Karelian Isthmus and East Karelia fronts of the Continuation War, on the Eastern Front of World War II. The Soviet forces captured East Karelia and Vyborg/Viipuri. After that, however, the fighting reached a stalemate.

The operations of the strategic offensive can be divided into the following offensives:

Viipuri (10–20 June) by the Leningrad Front

Virojoki-Lappeenranta (21 June – 15 July) by the Leningrad Front
Koivisto landing (20–25 June) by the Baltic Fleet

Svir–Petrozavodsk (21 June – 9 August) by the Karelian Front
Tuloksa landing (23–27 June) by the Soviet Ladoga Flotilla

Leningrad Front
The Leningrad Front (Russian: Ленинградский фронт) was a Soviet front (army group) formed during the 1941 German approach on Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) by dividing the Northern Front into the Leningrad Front and Karelian Front on August 27, 1941.
Achterhoek, Overijssel
Achterhoek (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑxtərɦuk] ⓘ) is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Hof van Twente, about 2 km northwest of the village Markelo.

Achter is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Markelo. It was first mentioned in 1867 as Achterhoek, and means "far away place". The hamlet consists of about 30 houses. Until 2001, Achterhoek was a part of the municipality of Markelo.

Markelo
Markelo (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmɑrkəloː]; Dutch Low Saxon: Maarkel) is a village in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Hof van Twente, about 20 km (12 mi) west of Hengelo and 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Almelo.

Markelo was a separate municipality between 1818 and 2001, when it became a part of Hof van Twente.
Colm Connolly
Colm Felix Connolly (born October 18, 1964) is the chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. He formerly served as United States Attorney for the District of Delaware.

United States District Court for the District of Delaware
The United States District Court for the District of Delaware (in case citations, D. Del.) is the Federal district court having jurisdiction over the entire state of Delaware. The Court sits in Wilmington.

Because Delaware is the state of incorporation for most major U.S. corporations, the District of Delaware hears and tries many patent and other complex commercial disputes that must be heard in federal court for diversity of citizenship reasons, and hears many appeals from bankruptcy disputes which are filed with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware.

Appeals from the Court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, which sits in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

As of December 12, 2025, the United States attorney for the District of Delaware is Benjamin L. Wallace.
Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite
Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS, also Explorer 74 and SMEX-3) is a NASA submillimetre astronomy satellite, and is the fourth spacecraft in the Small Explorer program (SMEX). It was launched on 6 December 1998, at 00:57:54 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base aboard a Pegasus XL launch vehicle. The telescope was designed by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and integrated by Ball Aerospace, while the spacecraft was built by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The mission's principal investigator is Gary J. Melnick.

Explorers Program
The Explorers Program is a NASA exploration program that provides flight opportunities for physics, geophysics, heliophysics, and astrophysics investigations from space. Launched in 1958, Explorer 1 was the first spacecraft of the United States to achieve orbit. Over 90 space missions have been launched since. Starting with Explorer 6, it has been operated by NASA, with regular collaboration with a variety of other institutions, including many international partners.

Launchers for the Explorers Program have included Juno I, Juno II, various Thor, Scout, Delta and Pegasus launch vehicles, and Falcon 9.

The program has three classes: Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX), Small Explorers (SMEX), and University-Class Explorers (UNEX), with select Missions of Opportunity operated with other agencies.