hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ijaz Khan (cricketer)
Ijaz Hussain Khan (9 November 1938 — 27 June 2019), known as Jahaz Khan, was a Pakistani former first-class cricketer who played for Lahore and Pakistan Railways between 1961/62 and 1973/74. Khan was described as ‘the finest off-break bowler, I faced in my entire career’ by his cousin Majid Khan, who was the leading Pakistan batsman of his era.

Ijaz Khan could not convince the BCCP selectors in the 1960s, for national recognition. Instead it was his rivals, Haseeb Ahsan, Afaq Hussain, Salahuddin and his Railways colleague, Mohammad Nazir Jr who got the nod. He was employed with the Pakistan Railways from 1958 to 1980.

Mohammad Nazir
Mohammad Nazir (Urdu: محمد نذیر; 8 March 1946 – 21 November 2024) was a Pakistani cricketer who played in 14 Test matches and four One Day Internationals (ODIs) from 1969 to 1984.

An off-spinner, Nazir took 7 wickets for 99 runs on debut in the first innings of the 1st Test between Pakistan and New Zealand in 1969, besides contributing a handy 29 not out with the bat in the first innings, and an unbeaten 17 in the second.

He became a cricket umpire after retiring as a player. He officiated in five Tests and 15 ODIs between 1994 and 2000.

Nazir died on 21 November 2024, at the age of 78.
Wings (haircut)
The wings haircut, also known the Mod haircut, Mop top, flippies, flow, Justin Bieber haircut, or skater hair is a popular hairstyle used in the skateboarding, surfer, mod, and preppy community. Typically long, the style can range from long and drooping below the eyes, to a shorter length. The haircut is typically wavy and, if straight, the length comes to halfway down the ears. Instead of lying on the wearer's ears, the hair flips up and comes straight out like an airplane wing, hence the name. The hairstyle was popular among men in the 1960s, 1970s, mid-late 2000s, early 2010s and 2020s.

Preppy
Preppy (also spelled as preppie, or prep) is an American subculture associated with the alumni of college-preparatory schools in the Northeastern United States. The term, which is an abbreviation of "preparatory", is used to denote a person seen as characteristic of a student or alumnus of these schools. Characteristics of preppy individuals include a particular subcultural speech, vocabulary, dress, mannerisms and etiquette reflective of an upper class and old money upbringing.
Ram Heavy Duty (fifth generation)
The Ram Heavy Duty (also known as the Ram HD) is the 5th generation of the Ram Pickup. Ram Pickup a series of heavy-duty pickup trucks produced by the Ram Trucks division of Stellantis. Slotted above the Ram 1500, the Heavy Duty trucks range from the Ram 2500 to the Ram 5500. The Ram 2500 and Ram 3500 are offered as pickup trucks, while the Ram 3500 through Ram 5500 are offered as chassis cabs.

Introduced in January 2019 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan, the current Ram Heavy Duty trucks are based on the Ram 1500 (DT). Ram Heavy-Duty models are produced at Saltillo Truck Assembly in Saltillo, Mexico.

Ram 1500 (DT)
The Ram 1500 (DT) is the fifth generation of the Ram Pickup, manufactured by the Ram Trucks division of Stellantis. The fifth generation Ram was introduced in January 2018 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan as a 2019 model year. Ram 1500 trucks are produced at the Sterling Heights Assembly plant in Sterling Heights, Michigan, United States.

The fourth-generation (DS) continued to be produced through the 2024 model year and was sold alongside the fifth-generation as a lower-priced option (dubbed "Classic").
2019 UMass Minutemen football team
The 2019 UMass Minutemen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by first-year head coach Walt Bell and played their home games at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium. This was the fourth year for the Minutemen as an independent; they finished the season at 1–11 and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 632 to 237. CBS Sports rated UMass 129th in their ranking of all 130 FBS teams; Akron, the only team that the Minutemen defeated, was ranked last.

2019 Akron Zips football team
The 2019 Akron Zips football team represented the University of Akron during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Zips were led by first-year head coach Tom Arth and played their home games at InfoCision Stadium in Akron, Ohio. They competed as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).

The 2019 Zips lost every single game on their schedule, finished with an 0–12 overall record and an 0–8 record in MAC play, and were outscored by their opponents by a total of 435 to 126. They finished in last place in the conference's East Division. CBS Sports rated Akron last, at 130th, in their season's-end ranking of all 130 FBS teams. The Zips were the only Division I FBS team to go winless in the 2019 season. They were also the last team to be winless in a full season until Kent State in 2024.
Gente de razón
Gente de razón (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxente ðe raˈθon], "people of reason" or "rational people") is a Spanish term used in colonial Spanish America and modern Hispanic America to refer to people who were culturally Hispanicized. It was a social distinction that existed alongside racial categories. Indigenous peoples (indios or "Indians"), who maintained their culture and lived in their legally recognized communities (the repúblicas de indios), and mixed-race people (the castas), especially the poor in urban centers, were generally considered not to be gente de razón.

Casta
Casta (Spanish: [ˈkasta]) is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier. In the context of the Spanish Empire in the Americas, the term also refers to a now-discredited 20th-century theoretical framework which postulated that colonial society operated under a hierarchical race-based "caste system". From the outset, colonial Spanish America resulted in widespread intermarriage: unions of Spaniards (españoles), indigenous people (indios), and Africans (negros).

Basic mixed-race categories that appeared in official colonial documentation were mestizo, generally offspring of a Spaniard and an Indigenous person; and mulatto, offspring of a Spaniard and an African. A plethora of terms were used for people with mixed Spanish, Indigenous, and African ancestry in 18th-century casta paintings, but they are not known to have been widely used officially or unofficially in the Spanish Empire.
Mercado Central, Valencia
Mercado Central or Mercat Central (English: Central Market) is a public market located across from the Llotja de la Seda and the Church of Santos Juanes in central Valencia, Spain. It is one of the main works of the Valencian Art Nouveau.

Llotja de la Seda
The Llotja de la Seda (Valencian: [ˈʎɔdʒa ðe la ˈseða]; Spanish: Lonja de la Seda [ˈloŋxa ðe la ˈseða]; English "Silk Exchange") is a late Valencian Gothic-style civil building in Valencia, Spain. It is a principal tourist attraction in the city.
EuroBasket 2015 final
The EuroBasket 2015 Final was the championship game of the EuroBasket 2015 tournament. The game was played on 20 September 2015 at the Stade Pierre-Mauroy in Lille, France.

Spain won their third title by defeating Lithuania 80–63. The attendance of 27,372 was an all-time record. Both teams qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

EuroBasket 2015
EuroBasket 2015 was the 39th edition of the EuroBasket championship that was organized by FIBA Europe. It was co-hosted by Croatia, France, Germany, and Latvia, making it the first EuroBasket held in more than one country. It started on 5 September and ended on 20 September 2015.

The top two teams (Spain and Lithuania) qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics. The next five teams (France, Serbia, Greece, Italy and the Czech Republic) advanced to the World Olympic Qualifying Tournaments. Latvia and Croatia later qualified due to Serbia and Italy hosting two of the Olympic qualifying tournaments while Turkey also qualified as an invitee.

Spain won their third title by defeating Lithuania 80–63 in the final. France won bronze on home soil defeating Serbia (81–68). The final game was held in the Stade Pierre-Mauroy and set a new record for the highest attendance in a EuroBasket game, with 26,922. Pau Gasol was named the tournament's MVP.
2007 Chicago Sky season
The 2007 Chicago Sky season was the 2nd season in the WNBA for the Chicago Sky. Bo Overton was hired to be the new head coach and general manager after Dave Cowens resigned following the 2006 season.

Armintie Price became the first player in Sky history to be named WNBA Rookie of the Year.

Bo Overton
Glenn "Bo" Overton (born July 9, 1960) is an American basketball coach who is currently the head women's basketball coach at Oklahoma Baptist University. Prior to OBU, he was coaching in the Women's Chinese Basketball Association.
Ohio State Route 852
State Route 852 (SR 852) is a north–south state highway in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  Its southern terminus is at the Kentucky state line on the Carl Perkins Memorial Bridge over the Ohio River near Portsmouth, and its northern terminus is at an interchange with the State Route 73/State Route 104 concurrency, just north of a complex interchange with U.S. Route 52 about 1.75 miles (2.82 km) west of Portsmouth.

Ohio State Route 104
State Route 104 (SR 104) is a north–south highway in Southern Ohio.  Its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 23 (US 23) in Portsmouth, Ohio and its northern terminus is at US 33 in Columbus.  The route passes through or close to the towns of Portsmouth, Waverly, Chillicothe, Grove City, and Columbus. From Waverly to Chillicothe, it overlaps US 23.

Though officially a north-south highway for its entire length, SR 104 formerly was signed east-west through Columbus (and is signed east-west on ramps coming from US 33).
Bob Gardner
Robert S. Gardner (born 1953 or 1954) is a former legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado. A United States Air Force veteran and attorney, Gardner was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Republican in 2006. From 2006 to 2012, he represented House District 21, which encompasses western El Paso County and northeastern Fremont County.

In the 2016 general election, Gardner was elected to represent Senate District 12.

On January 9, 2024, Gardner announced that he was running for United States House of Representatives Colorado 5th Congressional District in the 2024 elections, replacing retiring Congressman Doug Lamborn.

Doug Lamborn
Douglas Lawrence Lamborn (born May 24, 1954) is an American attorney and politician who served as the U.S. representative for Colorado's 5th congressional district from 2007 to 2025. He is a member of the Republican Party. His district was based in Colorado Springs.

On January 5, 2024, Lamborn announced he would not seek reelection in 2024.
Lard
Lard is a semi-solid white fat product obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of a pig. It is distinguished from tallow, a  similar product derived from fat of cattle or sheep.

Lard can be rendered by steaming, boiling, or dry heat. The culinary qualities of lard vary somewhat depending on the origin and processing method; if properly rendered, it may be nearly odorless and tasteless.  It has a high saturated fatty acid content and no trans fat. At retail, refined lard is usually sold as paper-wrapped blocks.

Many cuisines use lard as a cooking fat or shortening, or as a spread in the same ways as butter. It is an ingredient in various savoury dishes such as sausages, pâtés, and fillings. As a replacement for butter, it provides flakiness to pastry. In western cuisine, it has ceded its popularity to vegetable oils, but many cooks and bakers still favor it over other fats for certain uses.

Tallow
Tallow is a rendered form of beef or mutton suet, primarily made up of triglycerides.

In industry, tallow is not strictly defined as beef or mutton suet. In this context, tallow is animal fat that conforms to certain technical criteria, including its melting point.

The solid material remaining after rendering is called cracklings, greaves, or graves. It has been used mostly for animal food, such as dog food.

In the soap industry and among soap-making hobbyists, the name tallowate is used informally to refer to soaps made from tallow. This name comes from the chemical suffix "-ate" which signifies a negatively charged ion. Sodium tallowate, for example, is obtained by reacting tallow with sodium hydroxide (lye, caustic soda) or sodium carbonate (washing soda).  It consists chiefly of a variable mixture of sodium salts of fatty acids, such as oleic and palmitic.

Dripping is the British term for beef fat that has been rendered; it can be used to make Cornish Pasties.
Governor of Eskişehir
The Governor of Eskişehir (Turkish: Eskişehir Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Eskişehir. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Eskişehir is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Eskişehir. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Eskişehir provincial police force and the Eskişehir Gendarmerie.

Governor (Turkey)
In Turkey, a governor (Turkish: Vali) is an official responsible for the implementation of legislation, constitutional and government decisions in individual provinces. There are 81 governors in Turkey, one for each province, appointed ceremonially by the president on the recommendation of the Interior Ministry. Governors are legally required to be politically neutral and have power over public offices within their province, including the provincial police force. They also have a certain role in local government, though mayors and councillors are elected to these roles in local elections. The provincial head of security (the police force) also concurrently serves as deputy governor.

The Kaymakam (roughly translated as 'sub-governor') has similar functions and roles as the governor but operates on a district level.
Brisket (Jewish dish)
Brisket is a popular Ashkenazi Jewish dish of braised beef brisket, served hot and traditionally accompanied by potato or other non-dairy kugel, latkes, and often preceded by matzo ball soup. It is commonly served for Jewish holidays such as Hanukkah, Passover, Rosh Hashanah, and Shabbat. It is commonly found in Jewish communities worldwide, though it is most commonly associated with Jews in the United States, where it has been considered the most important and iconic Jewish main course since the early 20th century.

Matzah ball
Matzah balls or matzo balls are Ashkenazi Jewish soup morsels made from a mixture of matzah meal, beaten eggs, water, and a fat, such as oil, margarine, or chicken fat. Known as knaidel in Yiddish (Yiddish: קניידלעך, romanized: kneydlekh pl., singular קניידל, kneydl; with numerous other transliterations), they resemble a matzah meal version of Knödel, bread dumplings popular throughout Central European and East European cuisine.

Matzah balls are traditionally served in chicken soup and are a staple food on the Jewish holiday of Passover. However, they are not eaten during Passover by those who observe a prohibition on soaking matzah products.

The texture of matzah balls may be light or dense, depending on the recipe. Matzah balls made from some recipes float in soup; others sink.
2000 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 2000 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia as a member of the Southeastern Conference during the 2000 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fifth and final year under head coach Jim Donnan, the Bulldogs compiled an overall record of 8–4 record with a mark of 5–3 in conference play, placing third in the SEC's Eastern Division. Georgia was invited to the Oahu Bowl, where the Bulldogs defeated Virginia. The team played home games at Sanford Stadium in Athens, Georgia.

2000 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 2000 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 2000 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by George Welsh in his 19th and final season as head coach, the Cavaliers compiled an overall record of 6–6 with a mark of 5–3 in conference play, placing fourth in the ACC. Virginia was invited to the Oahu Bowl, where the Cavaliers lost to Georgia. The team played home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia.
2013 ANZ Championship season
The 2013 ANZ Championship season  was the sixth season of the ANZ Championship. The 2013 season began on 24 March and concluded on 14 July. With a team  captained by Natalie von Bertouch and featuring Erin Bell, Carla Borrego, Renae Hallinan, Rebecca Bulley and Sharni Layton, the Adelaide Thunderbirds won both the minor premiership and the overall championship. Having previously won the 2010 ANZ Championship, the Thunderbirds became the first team to win a second championship.
The Thunderbirds secured the minor premiership with a 64–48 win over Northern Mystics in Round 13. They subsequently defeated Melbourne Vixens 49–39 in the major semi-final and	Queensland Firebirds 50–48 in the grand final to win the championship.

Queensland Firebirds
Queensland Firebirds are an Australian professional netball team based in Brisbane, Queensland. Since 2017 they have played in Super Netball. Between 2008 and 2016, they played in the ANZ Championship and between 1997 and 2007, they played in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy. Firebirds were the most successful team during the ANZ Championship era, playing in five grand finals and winning three premierships, in 2011, 2015 and 2016. They were the only team to win back to back ANZ Championship titles.
1984 Chicago Cubs season
The 1984 Chicago Cubs season was the 113th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 109th in the National League and the 69th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished with a record of 96 wins and 65 losses in first place of the National League East (the team's first winning season in 12 years). Chicago was managed by Jim Frey and the general manager was Dallas Green. The Cubs' postseason appearance in this season was their first since 1945.
The Cubs pitching staff included 1984 Cy Young Award winner Rick Sutcliffe, and the lineup included 1984 Baseball Most Valuable Player Award winner second baseman Ryne Sandberg. Frey was awarded Manager of the Year for the National League for leading the Cubs to 96 victories. The Cubs were defeated in the 1984 National League Championship Series by the San Diego Padres three games to two.

Ron Hassey
Ronald William Hassey (born February 27, 1953) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a catcher for the Cleveland Indians (1978–1984), Chicago Cubs (1984), New York Yankees (1985–1986), Chicago White Sox (1986–1987), Oakland Athletics (1988–1990), and Montreal Expos (1991). Hassey is notable for being the only catcher in MLB history to have caught more than one perfect game (his first was with Len Barker in 1981  and his second with Dennis Martínez in 1991). Hassey joined Gus Triandos as the only catchers in MLB history to have caught a no-hitter in both leagues.
Diddy TV
Diddy TV is a British children's sketch comedy series on CBBC. It stars Richard McCourt and Dominic Wood (Dick and Dom). It is a sequel series to the Diddy Dick and Dom sketches on Dick & Dom in da Bungalow and Diddy Movies. The series features various parodies of television series including Top of the Pops and The Great British Bake Off. Series 1 began on 14 March 2016, Series 2 began on 20 June 2016, Series 3 began on 19 March 2018 and Series 4 began on 25 June 2018. Many of the cast have been in other Dick and Dom sketch series or the sitcom The Legend of Dick and Dom.

Dick & Dom in da Bungalow
Dick & Dom in da Bungalow is a British children's television series presented by the duo Dick and Dom (Richard McCourt and Dominic Wood). The series was broadcast on weekend mornings for five series on the CBBC Channel, BBC One and BBC Two, running between 31 August 2002 and 11 March 2006.
2016–17 Oklahoma City Thunder season
The 2016–17 Oklahoma City Thunder season was the 9th season of the franchise in Oklahoma City and the 51st in the National Basketball Association (NBA). On the April 9, Russell Westbrook broke the record of Oscar Robertson of most triple-doubles in a season with 42. Westbrook would go on to be named the League's MVP in June.

The Thunder would finish the regular season with a 47–35 record, securing the 6th seed. In the playoffs, they faced off against the Houston Rockets in the First Round, in which they lost in five games.

This was the Thunder's first season since 2007–08 without Kevin Durant, as he left the Thunder and signed with the Golden State Warriors.

Ersan İlyasova
Ersan İlyasova (born 15 May 1987) is a Turkish former professional basketball player. He played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), including 9 seasons for the Milwaukee Bucks. He also played in Turkey, Spain and the NBA Development League.
James P. Gordon
James Power Gordon (March 20, 1928 – June 21, 2013) was an American physicist known for his work in the fields of optics and quantum electronics. His contributions include the design, analysis and construction of the first maser in 1954 as a doctoral student at Columbia University under the supervision of C. H. Townes, development of the quantal equivalent of Shannon's information capacity formula in 1962, development of the theory for the diffusion of atoms in an optical trap (together with A. Ashkin) in 1980, and the discovery of what is now known as the Gordon-Haus effect in soliton transmission, together with H. A. Haus in 1986. Gordon was a member of the National Academy of Engineering (since 1985) and the National Academy of Sciences (since 1988).

Arthur Ashkin
Arthur Ashkin (September 2, 1922 – September 21, 2020) was an American scientist and Nobel laureate who worked at Bell Labs. Ashkin has been considered by many as the father of optical tweezers,
for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 at age 96, becoming the oldest Nobel laureate until 2019 when John B. Goodenough was awarded at 97. He resided in Rumson, New Jersey.

Ashkin started his work on manipulation of microparticles with laser light in the late 1960s which resulted in the invention of optical tweezers in 1986. He also pioneered the optical trapping process that eventually was used to manipulate atoms, molecules, and biological cells. The key phenomenon is the radiation pressure of light; this pressure can be dissected down into optical gradient and scattering forces.
Improved Layer 2 Protocol
IL2P (Improved Layer 2 Protocol) is a data link layer protocol originally derived from layer 2 of the X.25 protocol suite and designed for use by amateur radio operators. It is used exclusively on amateur packet radio networks.

IL2P establishes link layer connections, transferring data encapsulated in frames between nodes, and detecting errors introduced by the communications channel.

The Improved Layer 2 Protocol (IL2P) was created by Nino Carrillo, KK4HEJ, based on AX.25 version 2.0 and implements Reed–Solomon forward error correction for greater accuracy and throughput than either AX.25 or FX.25. Specifically, in order to achieve greater stability on link speeds higher than 1200 baud.

IL2P can be used with a variety of modulation methods including AFSK and GFSK. The direwolf software TNC contains the first open source implementation of the protocol.

FX.25 Forward Error Correction
FX.25 is a protocol extension to the AX.25 Link Layer Protocol.  FX.25 provides a forward error correction (FEC) capability while maintaining legacy compatibility with non-FEC equipment. FX.25 was created by the Stensat Group in 2005, and was presented as a technical paper at the 2006 TAPR Digital Communications Conference in Tucson.