hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aeroport District
Aeroport District  (Russian: райо́н Аэропо́рт, rayon Aeroport, "Airport District") is an administrative district (raion) of the Northern Administrative Okrug and one of the 125 raions of Moscow, Russia. The area of the district is 4.58 square kilometers (1.77 sq mi).

The district is named for the Khodynka Aerodrome, which closed in 2003. The Aeroport Metro Station opened in the district in 1938.

Khodynka Aerodrome
Khodynka (Russian: Ходынский, Khodynskiy), officially Frunze Central Aerodrome, formerly known as Central (Tsentralny, Центральный аэродром имени М. В. Фрунзе), was an airport in Moscow, Russia, located northwest of the centre of the city.
Keshabpur, Jessore
Keshabpur is an upazila town in Jashore District. It is the headquarters of Keshabpur Upazila. It lies on the bank of Harihar and Burivodra River. The town is under justification of Keshabpur thana. It located 32 km  south of Jessore, and about 42 km south west of Khulna. It is one of major town in Jashore district.

Jessore
Jessore (Bengali: যশোর, romanized: jôshor, [dʒɔʃor]), officially Jashore, is a city of Jessore District in Khulna Division. It lies in southwestern Bangladesh. It is home to the first flight training school of the Bangladeshi Air Force, established in 1971. Jessore city consists of 9 wards and 73 mahalls. Jashore municipality was established in 1864. The area of the town is 21.15 km2. It has a population of about 209,330 according to the record of Jessore municipality, which makes it the 22nd largest city in Bangladesh. Jessore also has a domestic airport known as Jashore Airport.
Richardson Maturity Model
The Richardson Maturity Model (RMM) is a maturity model suggested in 2008 by Leonard Richardson which classifies Web APIs based on their adherence and conformity to each of the model's four levels. The aim of the research of the model as stated by the author was to find out the relationship between the constraints of REST and other forms of web services.

It divides the principal parts of RESTful design into three steps: resource identification (URI), HTTP verbs, and hypermedia controls (e.g. hyperlinks).

The RMM has been cited useful in evaluating the quality of particularly RESTful Web API design (even though it is not restricted to REST alone) and criticized for not addressing how a system could achieve the highest maturity levels of the model as well as for considering a limited number of quality attributes.

Uniform Resource Identifier
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), formerly Universal Resource Identifier, is a unique sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource,: 1  such as resources on a webpage, email address, phone number,: 7  books, real-world objects such as people and places, and concepts.: 5

URIs which provide a means of locating and retrieving information resources on a network (either on the Internet or on another private network, such as a computer file system or an Intranet) are Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). Therefore, URLs are a subset of URIs, i.e. every URL is a URI (and not necessarily the other way around).: 7  Other URIs provide only a unique name, without a means of locating or retrieving the resource or information about it; these are Uniform Resource Names (URNs). The web technologies that use URIs are not limited to web browsers.
Polymer field theory
A polymer field theory is a statistical field theory describing the statistical behavior of a neutral or charged polymer system. It can be derived by transforming the partition function from its standard many-dimensional integral representation over the particle degrees of freedom in a functional integral representation over an auxiliary field function, using either the Hubbard–Stratonovich transformation or the delta-functional transformation. Computer simulations based on polymer field theories have been shown to deliver useful results, for example to calculate the structures and properties of polymer solutions (Baeurle 2007, Schmid 1998), polymer melts (Schmid 1998, Matsen 2002, Fredrickson 2002) and thermoplastics (Baeurle 2006).

Hubbard–Stratonovich transformation
The Hubbard–Stratonovich (HS) transformation is an exact mathematical transformation invented by Russian physicist Ruslan L. Stratonovich and popularized by British physicist John Hubbard. It is used to convert a particle theory into its respective field theory by linearizing the density operator in the many-body interaction term of the Hamiltonian and introducing an auxiliary scalar field,  It is defined via the integral identity

where the real constant  For matrix-valued operators, such as on-site electronic density operators

The basic idea of the HS transformation is to reformulate a system of particles interacting through two-body potentials into a system of independent particles interacting with a fluctuating field. The procedure is widely used in polymer physics, classical particle physics, spin glass theory, and electronic structure theory.
Chaharmahali Turkic
Chaharmahali Turkic (چهارمحال تۆرکیسی Çəharməhal Türkîsi/چهارمحالی تۆرکی Çəharməhali Türkî) is a proposed Oghuz Turkic variety spoken in Iran's Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and in western Isfahan province, where it is described as "Esfahan Province Turkic" by linguists. It is an understudied and generally unclassified variety of Oghuz Turkic distinct from Azerbaijani and Qashqai, being closer to the latter. Chaharmahali Turkic is not to be confused with "Charmahali Persian," (fa) a Persian dialect spoken in the same region.

Oghuz languages
The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 108 million people. The three languages with the largest number of speakers are Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen which, combined, account for more than 95% of speakers of this sub-branch.

Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari, who lived in the 11th century, stated that the Oghuz language was the simplest among all Turkic languages.

Swedish turcologist and linguist Lars Johanson notes that Oghuz languages form a clearly discernible and closely related bloc within the Turkic language family as the cultural and political history of the speakers of Oghuz languages has linked them more closely up to the modern age. Western Oghuz languages are highly mutually intelligible with each other and the Crimean Tatar language, which, though Kipchak Turkic rather than Oghuz, has been heavily influenced by Turkish over several centuries.
Bertsolaritza
Bertsolaritza Basque pronunciation: [berˈts̺olaɾits̻a] ⓘ or bertsolarism is the art of singing improvised songs in Basque according to various melodies and rhyming patterns. Bertsos can be composed at a variety of occasions but are performed generally by one or various bertsolaris onstage in an event arranged for the purpose or as a sideshow, in homage ceremonies, in benefit lunches and suppers, with friends or at a competition. Such a sung piece of composition is called a bertso, the person who sings it is called a bertsolari and the art of composing bertsos is called bertsolaritza in 
Basque. Traditionally these were sung by men but there is an increasing number of young female bertsolaris today.

Usually the Basque terms are used in Spanish and French but the Spanish terms versolarismo and bertsolarismo and the French terms bertsularisme (from Zuberoan bertsularitza), bertsolarisme and versification are also used.

Souletin dialect
Souletin or Zuberoan (Basque: Zuberera) is the Basque dialect spoken in Soule, France. Souletin is marked by influences from Occitan (in particular the  Béarnese dialect), especially in the lexicon. Another distinct characteristic is the use of xuka verb forms, a form of address including in third person verbs the interlocutor marker embedded in the auxiliary verb: jin da → jin düxü (s/he came → s/he came to you).
Terreiro Zogbodo Male Bogun Seja Unde
Zogbodo Male Bogun Seja Unde, also known as Terreiro Roça do Ventura,  is a Candomblé terreiro (temple) in Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil. It was founded in 1858, and is the first terreiro founded by Africans of Jeje (Ewe) origin. It is located in the Cabula neighborhood on Rua de São Gonçalo do Retiro, a winding rural road associated with numerous Candomblé terreiros. It is led by Alaíde Augusta da Conceição, also known as Alaíde de Oyá. Zogbodo Male Bogun Seja Unde received heritage status from the Brazilian National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN) in 2014, and is the first listed terreiro of the Jeje tradition.

National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage
The National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (Portuguese: Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, IPHAN) is a heritage register of the federal government of Brazil. It is responsible for the preservation of buildings, monuments, structures, objects and sites, as well as the register and safeguard of intangible cultural heritage deemed of historic or cultural importance to the country.

IPHAN maintains 1,047 sites, which include historic buildings, city centers, and landscapes. It additionally lists a growing number of intangible cultural heritage entities.

The presidency of the institute was held by only two individuals over its first forty years. Rodrigo Melo Franco led SPHAN/IPHAN from 1937 until his retirement in 1967; his successor was the architect Renato Soeiro, who led the institute from 1967 to 1979.
Swivel weave
The swivel weave is a weaving technique that incorporates a decorative element into the fabric by using small shuttles that insert additional weft thread around selected warp threads, while the main weft thread forms the fabric's structure. This method differs from the plain weave, which lacks this decorative aspect.

Warp and weft
In the manufacture of cloth, warp and weft are the two basic components in weaving to transform thread and yarn into textile fabrics. The vertical warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a loom (frame) while the horizontal weft (also called the woof) is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread. In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a warp end; a pick is a single weft thread that crosses the warp thread (synonymous terms are fill yarn and filling yarn).

In the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution facilitated the industrialisation of the production of textile fabrics with the picking stick and the flying shuttle, the latter of which was invented by John Kay, in 1733. The mechanised power loom was patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785, which allowed sixty picks per minute.
Sofia – Kardam train fire
The Sofia – Kardam train fire occurred on 28 February 2008, when the BDZ night train from Sofia to Kardam caught fire at 11:40 pm near the industrial zone of the town of Cherven Bryag, Bulgaria. Nine passengers died and at least ten were injured.

Bulgarian State Railways
The Bulgarian State Railways (Bulgarian: Български държавни железници, romanized: Balgarski darzhavni zheleznitsi, abbreviated as БДЖ, BDZ or BDŽ) are Bulgaria's state railway company and former largest railway carrier in the country, established as an entity in 1888. The company's headquarters are located in the capital Sofia. Since the 1990s, the BDŽ has met serious competition from automotive transport. Up to 2002 the company also owned/managed the state railway (up to 2,485 miles (3,999 km) total of 1,435 mm (4.708 ft) & 760 mm (2.49 ft) (Septemvri to Dobrinishte only) track gauge railway tracks) infrastructure in the country, when according to EU regulations a new state company, the National Railway Infrastructure Company, was founded and became the owner of the infrastructure.

Bulgaria is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Bulgaria is 52.
2023 U.S. Open (golf)
The 2023 United States Open Championship was the 123rd U.S. Open, the national open golf championship of the United States. It was a 72-hole stroke play played from June 15–18 on the North Course of Los Angeles Country Club in Los Angeles, California. It was the first U.S. Open to be played in Los Angeles since Riviera Country Club hosted the tournament in 1948.

Wyndham Clark, who had never finished better than 75th in a major championship and had missed the cut in his previous two U.S. Opens, shot a final-round 70 to finish at 10-under-par for the tournament and hold off four-time major champion Rory McIlroy by one shot for his first career U.S. Open and major championship.

Rickie Fowler and Xander Schauffele both broke the U.S. Open scoring record by shooting 62 (−8) in the first round. Fowler, who was tied with Clark for the lead at the start of the final round, ended up tied for fifth place, while Schauffele finished 10th.

U.S. Open (golf)
The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States. It is the third of the four men's major golf championships, and is on the official schedule of both the PGA Tour and the European Tour. Since 1898 the competition has been 72 holes of stroke play (4 rounds on an 18-hole course), with the winner being the player with the lowest total number of strokes. It is staged by the United States Golf Association (USGA) in mid-June, scheduled so that, if there are no weather delays, the final round is played on the third Sunday. The U.S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, set up in such a way that scoring is very difficult, with a premium placed on accurate driving. As of 2024, the U.S. Open awards a $21.5 million purse, the largest of all four major championships.
You're Cordially Invited
You're Cordially Invited is a 2025 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Nicholas Stoller for Amazon MGM Studios. It stars Will Ferrell and Reese Witherspoon.

When the weddings of widowed father Jim Caldwell's daughter and Margot Buckley's sister are double-booked at the same small island venue, they both try to preserve the wedding weekend.

The film was released on Amazon Prime Video on January 30, 2025 to mixed reviews from critics.

Amazon MGM Studios
Amazon MGM Studios is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Amazon, and headquartered at the Culver Studios complex in Culver City, California. Launched in November 2010 as Amazon Studios, the company adopted its name in October 2023 after its merger with MGM Holdings, which Amazon had acquired the year prior.

Productions from the studio are primarily distributed through theaters and Amazon's own streaming media service, Amazon Prime Video.

Alongside Amazon Prime Video, the company constitutes one half of Amazon's membership in the Motion Picture Association (MPA), which it joined in October 2024.
Emmanuel Odafe
Emmanuel Odafe (born 5 May 1992 in Delta state, Nigeria) is a Nigerian footballer. He currently plays for Plateau United FC, which competes in the Nigerian Professional Football League, the top division in Nigeria. He plays as a striker. A fast and skillful player able to operate at both flanks, Odafo can also play as a point man, as a left and right side attacker. At Plateau United FC he mainly plays as an attacker in a 4-3-2 formation.

Nigeria Premier Football League
The Nigeria Premier Football League (NPFL) (formerly the Nigeria Professional Football League) is the highest level of club football in Nigerian football league system. The Nigerian Premier League has suffered like many others, from the financial impact and dwindling fortunes since the late 2000s. It is fed into by the Nigeria National League (NNL). It is organized by the Nigeria Premier Football League (NPFL) Board headed by Gbenga Elegbeleye.
Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro
Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro (transl. Don't Cry for Salim, the Lame) is a 1989 Indian film directed by Saeed Akhtar Mirza, with Pavan Malhotra as lead. The film won Best Feature Film in Hindi and Best Cinematography at 37th National Film Awards.

National Film Award for Best Cinematography
The National Film Award for Best Cinematography is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus).

The award was instituted in 1967, at 15th National Film Awards and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages. Till 34th National Film Awards, awards were given for Black-and-white as well as Color motion picture film. Since 37th National Film Awards, Laboratory Processing are also awarded under the same category. From 70th National Film Awards, the primary/main cinematographer is alone awarded, while eliminating the existing two sub-categories.
Mike Modano
Michael Thomas Modano Jr. (/moʊˈdɑːnoʊ/; born June 7, 1970) is an American former professional ice hockey player. He played as a center and spent most of his career with the Minnesota North Stars/Dallas Stars franchise. He spent the final season of his career with his hometown Detroit Red Wings.

The former all-time goal-scoring leader amongst American-born players in NHL history, Modano is widely regarded as one of the greatest American-born ice hockey players of all time. He was drafted first overall by the North Stars in 1988, and after the team moved to Texas he helped the Stars win the Stanley Cup in 1999.

Modano is considered one of the most influential figures in popularizing ice hockey in Texas and the southern United States. Modano was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 17, 2014. In 2017, he was named one of the 100 Greatest NHL Players. In 2019, he was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame.

1988 NHL entry draft
The 1988 NHL entry draft was the 26th NHL entry draft. It was held at the Forum in Montreal, Quebec.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Teemu Selanne, who retired after the 2013–14 season.
Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu
Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu (藤原良継; 716 – October 27, 777) was a Japanese statesman, courtier, and politician of the Nara period. He was the second son of the founder of the Shikike branch of the Fujiwara, Fujiwara no Umakai. His original name was Sukunamaro (宿奈麻呂). He was the maternal grandfather of the emperors Heizei and Saga.

Emperor Heizei
Emperor Heizei (平城天皇, Heizei-tennō; 773 – August 5, 824), also known as Heijō-tennō, was the 51st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Heizei's reign lasted from 806 to 809.
Mercedes-Benz 320
Mercedes-Benz has sold a number of automobiles with the "320" model name:

1937—1942 W142
1937—1942 Typ 320
1937—1938 Typ 320N (shorter wheelbase)

1993—1995 W124
1993—1995 E320
1994—1995 E320A

1993—1998 W140
1993—1998 S320/S320L

1994—2001 R129
1994—2001 SL320

1995 W210
1995 E320

1998 C208
1998 CLK320

1998–2005 W163
1998–2005 ML320

2000–2011 W203
2000–2007 C320 Sport Coupe
2008–2011 CLC320 Sport Coupe

1999—2005 W220
1999—2005 S320/S320 CDI

2006—2013 W221
2006—2013 S320/S320 CDI

2006–2011 W164
2006–2011 ML320

2011–2019 W166
2011–2019 ML320 (GL320 2015–2019)

2019–present W167
2019–present GL320

Mercedes-Benz W140
The Mercedes-Benz W140 is a series of flagship vehicles manufactured by Mercedes-Benz from 1991 to 1998 in sedan/saloon and coupe body styles and two wheelbase lengths (SE and SEL). Mercedes-Benz unveiled the W140 S-Class at Geneva International Motor Show in March 1991, with the sales starting in April 1991 and North American launch was on 6 August 1991.

All models were renamed in June 1993 as part of the corporate-wide nomenclature changes for 1994 model year on, becoming "S" regardless of wheelbase length or body style as well as fuel type. Diesel models carried a TURBODIESEL trunk/boot lid label. In 1996, the S-Class coupé was renamed again as CL-Class into its own model range.

The W140 series S-Class was superseded by the W220 S-Class sedan and C215 CL-Class coupé in 1998 after an eight-year production run. Production of the W140 reached 432,732, with 406,710 sedans and 26,022 coupes.
Linnea Ström
Linnea Ström (born 14 October 1996) is a Swedish professional golfer. She joined the U.S.-based LPGA Tour after graduating from the Symetra Tour as 2018 Rookie of the Year. She was solo second at the 2022 Madrid Ladies Open and 2023 Walmart NW Arkansas Championship before winning the 2024 ShopRite LPGA Classic.

Epson Tour
The Epson Tour, previously known as the LPGA Futures Tour, and known for sponsorship reasons between 2006 and 2010 as the Duramed Futures Tour and between 2012 and 2021 as the Symetra Tour, is the official developmental golf tour of the LPGA Tour. Tour membership is open to professional women golfers and to qualified amateurs.
Joint quantum entropy
The joint quantum entropy generalizes the classical joint entropy to the context of quantum information theory.  Intuitively, given two quantum states  and , represented as density operators that are subparts of a quantum system, the joint quantum entropy is a measure of the total uncertainty or entropy of the joint system. It is written  or , depending on the notation being used for the von Neumann entropy.  Like other entropies, the joint quantum entropy is measured in bits, i.e. the logarithm is taken in base 2.

In this article, we will use  for the joint quantum entropy.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.
Dan Charles
Dan Charles (born September 24, 1985) is an American professional mixed martial artist competing in the heavyweight division. A professional competitor since 2011, he has competed for Bellator MMA and Absolute Championship Berkut.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
Battle of Paterna
The Battle of Paterna (Paterna, 1065) took place between the troops of the Kingdom of León, under the command of Ferdinand I of León and Castile, and those of the Taifa of Valencia, commanded by Abd al-Malik ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Muẓaffar. The battle occurred at the same time as the Siege of Valencia, resulted in a victory for the Kingdom of León.

Paterna
Paterna is a city and a municipality in the province of Valencia in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is located northeast of the comarca of L'Horta de Valencia, 5 kilometres (3 miles) northwest of the inland suburbs of Valencia, and on the left bank of the river Turia. Its population in 2014 was 67,156 inhabitants, being the eleventh biggest city by population in the Valencian Community.