hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Indian Bean Tree, St James Square, Monmouth
St James Square in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales is the site of a historic Indian Bean Tree.
The Catalpa bignonioides, a native of the southeastern United States, was planted in the square in about 1900. It was joined by the Monmouth War Memorial in 1921. After more than one hundred years of presiding over the square, the tree became the focus of controversy when it was condemned by the Monmouthshire County Council in 2005. The decision was met with fierce community opposition. The parties involved resolved their differences in 2006, and the tree received treatment, albeit some of it unauthorized. By 2011, the Indian Bean Tree in St James Square was flourishing.

Catalpa bignonioides
Catalpa bignonioides is a short-lived species of Catalpa that is native to the southeastern United States in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Common names include southern catalpa, cigartree, and Indian bean tree It is commonly used as a garden and street tree.
George Frederick of Nassau-Siegen
Prince George Frederick of Nassau-Siegen (23 February 1606 – 2 October 1674), German: Georg Friedrich Prinz von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: Prinz von Nassau, Graf zu Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, Herr zu Beilstein, was a count from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau. In 1664 he was elevated to the rank and title of prince. He served as an officer in the Dutch States Army, and was successively commander of Rheinberg and governor of Bergen op Zoom.

Nassau-Siegen
Nassau-Siegen was a principality within the Holy Roman Empire that existed between 1303 and 1328, and again from 1606 to 1743.  From 1626 to 1734, it was subdivided into  Catholic and  Protestant parts.   Its capital was the city of Siegen, founded in 1224 and initially a condominium jointly owned by the archbishopric of Cologne and Nassau. It was located some 50 km east of Cologne, and it contained the modern localities of Freudenberg, Hilchenbach, Kreuztal, Siegen, and Wilnsdorf.
Gilgunnia
Gilgunnia is a locality and ghost town in the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia,  within the Parish of South Peak in Blaxland County and Cobar Shire. It was once a settlement associated with gold mining, but in 2016 its population was zero.  The nearest settlements are Mount Hope (51 km south) and Nymagee (73 km north-east).

Mount Hope, New South Wales
Mount Hope  (elevation 223 m) is a settlement in western New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on the Kidman Way, 95 kilometres north of Hillston and 160 km south of Cobar. During the 1870s, a copper mine commenced operations at Mount Hope. In the mid-1880s, a proposed township in the area was officially surveyed and named Nombinnie, but the name has seldom been used. In the meantime, the town of Mount Hope sprang up, closer to the mine.

At the 2021 census, Mount Hope and surrounding area had a population of 16 people living in 10 private dwellings, with a median age of 30 years. The only remaining business at Mount Hope is the Royal Hotel (commonly referred to as the 'Mount Hope Pub') which offers food, beverages and accommodation (though fuel is no longer available).
County of Isenburg
The County of Isenburg was a region of Germany located in southern present-day Hesse, located in territories north and south of Frankfurt. The states of Isenburg emerged from the Niederlahngau (located in the Rhineland-Palatinate), which partitioned in 1137 into Isenburg-Isenburg and Isenburg-Limburg-Covern. These countships were partitioned between themselves many times over the next 700 years.18700

Isenburg-Isenburg
Isenburg-Isenburg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire, based around Isenburg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was created as a partition of the Niederlahngau in 1137. It partitioned into Lower Isenburg and Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1210.
Mycology: An Anthology
Mycology: An Anthology is a compilation album by the Allman Brothers Band.  It contains songs selected from the band's albums for Epic Records — Seven Turns, Shades of Two Worlds, and Where It All Begins.  It was released by 550 Music on June 9, 1998.

While the booklet indicates "Nobody Knows" is from An Evening with the Allman Brothers Band: First Set and "Sailin' 'Cross the Devil's Sea" is from An Evening with the Allman Brothers Band: 2nd Set, the versions on the CD are actually the studio versions.

Seven Turns
Seven Turns is the ninth studio album by the Allman Brothers Band, released in 1990.  Their first studio album since Brothers of the Road in 1981, it was well-received, and peaked at #53.  Hit singles were "Good Clean Fun" (#1 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks); "Seven Turns" (#12) and "It Ain't Over Yet" (#26).

The Allman Brothers Band broke up for the second time in 1982.  They got back together in 1989.  Seven Turns was the first album recorded by the re-formed band, with a lineup of Gregg Allman (keyboards), Dickey Betts (guitar), Warren Haynes (guitar), Allen Woody (bass), Johnny Neel (keyboards), Jaimoe (drums), and Butch Trucks (drums).

The instrumental track "True Gravity" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance at the 33rd Annual Grammy Awards in 1991, but it lost to "D/FW" by Vaughn Brothers.
OpenAM
OpenAM is an open-source access management, entitlements and federation server platform. Now it is supported by Open Identity Platform Community.

OpenAM (Open Access Management) originated as OpenSSO, (Open Single Sign-On) an access management system created by Sun Microsystems and now owned by Oracle Corporation. OpenAM is a fork which was initiated following Oracle's purchase of Sun.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
Mass graves in Škofja Loka
Mass graves in Škofja Loka were created in Škofja Loka, Slovenia during and after the Second World War. The Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia has registered seven known mass graves in the city itself and an additional 20 in the Municipality of Škofja Loka.

Mass graves in Slovenia
Mass graves in Slovenia were created in Slovenia as the result of extrajudicial killings during and after the Second World War. These clandestine mass graves are also known as "concealed mass graves" (Slovene: prikrita grobišča) or "silenced mass graves" (zamolčana grobišča) because their existence was concealed under the communist regime from 1945 to 1990.: 6

Some of the sites, such as the mass graves in Maribor, include some of the largest mass graves in Europe. Over 750 such sites have been registered by the Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia, containing the remains of up to 100,000 victims. They have been compared by the Slovenian historian Jože Dežman to the Killing Fields in Cambodia.
Camera interface
The Camera Interface block or CAMIF is the hardware block that interfaces with different image sensor interfaces and provides a standard output that can be used for subsequent image processing.

A typical Camera Interface would support at least a parallel interface although these days many camera interfaces are beginning to support the Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI) Camera Serial Interface (CSI) interface.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Lucilia silvarum
The common toad fly, Lucilia silvarum, is a member of the fly family Calliphoridae. This fly was first discovered by Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1826 and is found most notably in European and Western Countries.

This species of fly is known for the ability of its larvae to cause myiasis. In addition, this fly is common around carrion which it finds by smell, as well as areas of high filth concentration.

Calliphoridae
The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blowflies, blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, or greenbottles) are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,900 known species. The maggot larvae, often used as fishing bait, are known as gentles. The family is known to be polyphyletic, but much remains disputed regarding proper treatment of the constituent taxa, some of which are occasionally accorded family status (e.g., Bengaliidae and Helicoboscidae).
Constantine Barbaros
Constantine (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος), surnamed Barbaros ("the barbarian", ὁ βάρβαρος), was a Byzantine eunuch servant who rose to become parakoimomenos (head chamberlain) of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI the Wise in 911–912, displacing his own former master, Samonas. He held again the post during the regency of Zoe Karbonopsina in 913–919, where he played an important role in the governance of the state. He lost his post after he supported his relative Leo Phokas the Elder in his unsuccessful rivalry with Romanos I Lekapenos over control of the throne, but he was later appointed to the post of primikerios by Lekapenos.

Zoe Karbonopsina
Zoe Karbonopsina, also Karvounopsina or Carbonopsina, lit. 'with the Coal-Black Eyes' (Greek: Ζωὴ Καρβωνοψίνα, romanized: Zōē Karbōnopsina), was an empress and regent of the Byzantine Empire. She was the fourth spouse of the Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise and the mother of Constantine VII, serving as his regent from 913 until 919.
Elmwood Tower
The Elmwood Tower (formerly known as the Masonic Manor) is a high-rise residential building located in Midtown Omaha, Nebraska, United States. Completed in 1964, the 320 ft (98 m), 23 story building, is currently the fifth-tallest building in Omaha. When construction began in 1961, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) granted the largest mortgage to the Midwest in their history to the project, totaling $4.9 million USD. The building was originally constructed to house members of the Masons and their families. Today, it provides residential living for people aged 55 and older.

Midtown Omaha
Midtown is a geographic area of Omaha, Nebraska that is a culturally, socially and economically important area of the city. It is home to major research centers, national corporations, several historic districts, and a number of historic residences.
Moderantism
Moderantism was, together with Progressivism, one of the two main currents of 19th century Spanish liberalism. It had its origins in the so-called moderates during the Liberal Triennium, who during the reign of Isabella II formed a party, the Moderate Party, which was the party that remained in power the longest and managed to integrate the "reformist" absolutists into its ranks. The less conservative sector of the Moderate Party formed the Liberal Union in 1854. During the Restoration, the members of the Moderate Party joined Antonio Cánovas del Castillo's Liberal-Conservative Party.

Their European points of reference were French doctrinairianism and British conservatism. Their adversary in Spanish public life was progressive liberalism, although both constituted the only part of the political spectrum institutionally accepted for the political game, the so-called dynastic parties.

Trienio Liberal
The Trienio Liberal, ([ˈtɾjenjo liβeˈɾal], lit. 'Liberal Triennium') or Three Liberal Years, was a period of three years in Spain between 1820 and 1823 when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael del Riego against the absolutist rule of king Ferdinand VII. Del Riego's uprising forced Ferdinand VII to restore on 9 March the Constitution of Cádiz of 1812.

It ended in 1823 when, with the approval of the crowned heads of Europe, a French army invaded Spain and reinstated the King's absolute power. This invasion is known in France as the "Spanish Expedition" (expédition d’Espagne) and in Spain as the "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis."

The Triennium is framed within the European period of the Revolutions of 1820, of which it constituted the trigger. The Constitution of Cádiz was adopted by the Neapolitan and Piedmontese revolutionaries and taken as a model by the Portuguese.
Sharron Angle
Sharron Elaine Angle (née Ott; born July 26, 1949) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Nevada Assembly from 1999 to 2007. She ran unsuccessfully as the 2010 Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate seat in Nevada, garnering 44.6 percent of the vote. On September 15, 2013, she was unanimously elected the fifth President of the National Federation of Republican Assemblies, and resigned in 2016 to run again for the Nevada U.S. Senator position being vacated by Harry Reid but failed to win the Republican primary. In 2018, she ran in the Republican primary for Nevada's 2nd congressional district and lost to the incumbent, Mark Amodei.

Mark Amodei
Mark Eugene Amodei (/ˈæmədeɪ/ AM-ə-day; born June 12, 1958) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Nevada's 2nd congressional district since 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served in the Nevada Assembly from 1997 to 1999 and in the Nevada Senate from 1999 to 2011. Amodei chaired the Nevada Republican Party from 2010 until 2011 before winning a special election to the U.S. House. Amodei is the dean of Nevada's congressional delegation since 2019 when Senator Dean Heller lost reelection, and is its only Republican.

On February 6, 2026, Amodei announced he would not seek re-election in 2026.
Little–Parks effect
In condensed matter physics, the Little–Parks effect was discovered in 1962 by William A. Little and Ronald D. Parks in experiments with empty and thin-walled superconducting cylinders subjected to a parallel magnetic field. It was one of the first experiments to indicate the importance of Cooper-pairing principle in BCS theory.

The essence of the Little–Parks effect is slight suppression of the cylinder's superconductivity by persistent current.

Cooper pair
In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer pair) is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first described in 1956 by American physicist Leon Cooper.  The Cooper pairing of electrons in certain materials at low temperatures is responsible for the phenomenon of superconductivity.
Hugh O'Bryant
Hugh Donaldson O'Bryant (1813–1883) was an American politician who served as the first mayor of Portland, Oregon, from 1851 to 1852. He later served as the President of the Oregon Territory Council, and as a member of the Washington Territorial Legislature.

Mayor of Portland, Oregon
The mayor of Portland, Oregon, is the official head of the city of Portland, Oregon, United States. The officeholder is elected for a four-year term and has no term limits. By law, all elections in Portland are nonpartisan. The current mayor is Keith Wilson, who has served since January 1, 2025, and was first elected in the 2024 election.

The current term for mayor of Portland is four years, having been increased from two years in 1913. Mayoral elections were previously held in May of U.S. presidential election years (years divisible by four), during the Oregon primary election, with a runoff between the top two vote-getters held in November of the same year should no candidate garner a majority vote in the May election, however a new system taking effect in 2024 holds a single general election in November of presidential election years using the instant runoff ranked choice voting method. The mayor-elect takes office the following January.
Al Ansar FC
Al Ansar Football Club (Arabic: نادي الأنصار الرياضي, lit. 'The Supporters Sporting Club') is a football club based in Tariq El Jdideh, a district in Beirut, Lebanon, that competes in the Lebanese Premier League. Formed in 1951, the club did not win its first Lebanese Premier League until 1988. They went on to set a world record by winning the league 11 seasons in a row.

Ansar is the most successful club in the country, having won the Lebanese Premier League 15 times and the Lebanese FA Cup 16 times, both domestic records. They have also won the Lebanese Federation Cup twice, the Lebanese Elite Cup twice and the Lebanese Super Cup six times. Ansar's major rivalry is with Nejmeh; dubbed the Beirut derby, it is the most anticipated game in Lebanon.

The club is primarily supported by the Sunni Muslim community; they had been funded by Rafic Hariri and Salim Diab until 2005. Nabil Badr has been the club's president and main patron since 2012.

Lebanese Sunni Muslims
Lebanese Sunni Muslims (Arabic: المسلمون السنة اللبنانيين) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is one of the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shias. Sunni Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium. According to a CIA 2018 study, Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 30.6% of Lebanon's population.

The Lebanese Sunni Muslims are highly concentrated in Lebanon's capital city - Beirut (West Beirut /or Beirut II), as well as Tripoli, Sidon, Western Beqaa, and in the countryside of the Akkar, Arsal. They also have a notable presence in Zahlé, Southern Lebanon, Marjaayoun and Chebaa.

Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Sunni notables traditionally held power in the Lebanese state together, and they are still the only ones eligible for the post of Prime Minister.
Robert Doisneau
Robert Doisneau (French: [ʁɔbɛʁ dwano]; 14 April 1912 – 1 April 1994) was a French photographer. From the 1930s, he photographed the streets of Paris. He was a champion of humanist photography and, with Henri Cartier-Bresson, a pioneer of photojournalism.

Doisneau is known for his 1950 image Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville (The Kiss by the City Hall), a photograph of a couple kissing on a busy Parisian street.

He was appointed a Chevalier (Knight) of the Legion of Honour in 1984 by then French president, François Mitterrand.

Henri Cartier-Bresson
Henri Cartier-Bresson (French: [ɑ̃ʁi kaʁtje bʁɛsɔ̃]; 22 August 1908 – 3 August 2004) was a French humanist photographer, and also an artist. He was considered a master of candid photography, and was an early user of 35mm film. He pioneered the genre of street photography and viewed capturing what he named the decisive moment as the essence of the very best pictures.

Cartier-Bresson was one of the founding members of Magnum Photos in 1947. In the 1970s he largely discontinued his photographic work, instead opting to paint.
The Body Shop
The Body Shop International Limited, trading as the Body Shop, is a British cosmetics, skin care, and perfume company founded in 1976 by Anita Roddick, who opened her first store in Brighton, England. The company is now based in London Bridge and Littlehampton, West Sussex, and is currently owned by Auréa Group.

The Body Shop operated under the French cosmetics company L'Oréal between 2006 and 2017. In September 2017, L'Oréal sold it to Brazil's Natura & Co for £880 million. In November 2023, Natura sold it to Aurelius.

On 13 February 2024, it was announced that Aurelius had put the UK business of the Body Shop into administration, that the chain would close up to half of its 198 stores in the UK, and that the number of staff at the chain's head office would be reduced by 40%. In March 2024, the company announced that it would shutter its operations in the United States and reorganise in Canada under bankruptcy protection. The Body Shop was acquired by Auréa Group in September 2024.

Natura & Co
Natura &Co Holding S.A. is a Brazilian global personal care cosmetics group headquartered in São Paulo. The Natura & Co Group currently includes Natura Cosméticos and Avon Products.  The Group is present in 73 countries across all continents except Antarctica. Natura Cosméticos, the parent company, was founded in 1969 by Antônio Luiz Seabra and became a public company listed on São Paulo Stock Exchange in 2004. Currently the company is the largest Brazilian cosmetics company by revenue. In May 2019 Natura & Co announced that it had entered into definitive agreement to acquire Avon Products, Inc. The transaction was approved by Brazilian regulations authorities in the beginning of November 2019 and was completed in January 2020, making Natura & Co the 4th largest pure-play beauty company in the world.
Old Catton
Old Catton is a suburban village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk which is 2 miles (3.2 km) to the north-east of central Norwich. The parish is bounded by the Norwich International Airport at Hellesdon to the west and Sprowston to the east. The northern boundary is with the village of Spixworth, while the A1042 road forms the southern boundary.

The parish covers an area of 2.33 km2 (0.90 sq mi) and had a population of 5,954 in 2,512 households at the 2001 census, increasing to 6,108 in 2,666 households at the 2011 Census.

For the purposes of local government, Old Catton falls within the district of Broadland. It is twinned with the French commune of Lavaré.

Spixworth
Spixworth is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village lies close to the B1150 road and is 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Norwich and some 10 miles (16.1 km) south of North Walsham.
It covers an area of 4.80 km2 (1.85 sq mi) and had a population of 3,769 in 1,508 households at the 2001 census including Beeston St Andrew but decreasing to a population of 3,718 in 1,579 households at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of Broadland.
Classic RISC pipeline
In the history of computer hardware, some early reduced instruction set computer central processing units (RISC CPUs) used a very similar architectural solution, now called a classic RISC pipeline. Those CPUs were: MIPS, SPARC, Motorola 88000, and later the notional CPU DLX invented for education.

Each of these classic scalar RISC designs fetches and tries to execute one instruction per cycle.  The main common concept of each design is a five-stage execution instruction pipeline.  During operation, each pipeline stage works on one instruction at a time.  Each of these stages consists of a set of flip-flops to hold state, and combinational logic that operates on the outputs of those flip-flops.

Instructions per cycle
In computer architecture, instructions per cycle (IPC), commonly called instructions per clock, is one aspect of a processor's performance: the average number of instructions executed for each clock cycle.  It is the multiplicative inverse of cycles per instruction.