hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
K-196 (Kansas highway)
K-196 is a 28.474-mile-long (45.824 km) east–west state highway in Harvey and Butler Counties in the U.S. state of Kansas. K-196's western terminus is at Interstate 135 (I-135), U.S. Route 81 (US-81) and K-15 just south of Newton and the eastern terminus is at K-254 just east of El Dorado, Kansas. The highway runs along the south border the town of Whitewater and bypasses Potwin to the south.

K-196 was first established as a state highway on March 29, 1937, and at that time ran from US-81 and K-15 south of Newton to US-54 and US-77 in El Dorado. Then between 1957 and 1968, K-254 was extended along K-196 through El Dorato to US-54 and US-77. The overlap with K-254 was removed on May 6, 1994, and K-196 was truncated to end at K-254 west of El Dorado.

U.S. Route 81 in Kansas
U.S. Route 81 (US-81) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Fort Worth, Texas, to the Pembina–Emerson Border Crossing near Pembina, North Dakota. In the state of Kansas, US-81 is a main north–south highway central part of the state. Wichita is the only metropolitan area US-81 serves in the state, but the highway does serve several other larger towns in Kansas such as (from south to north) Wellington and Concordia.
Tiddy Brook Meadows, Devon
Tiddy Brook Meadows,(sometimes called Tiddybrook Meadows) is a settlement in Devon. It lies south of Whitchurch and just east of Tavistock, and sits on the banks of the river Tiddy Brook, which flows into the River Tavy. Most of the settlement was built in the late 2000s.

Whitchurch, Devon
Whitchurch is a suburban village and civil parish to the south-east of the town of Tavistock, Devon, England. It lies in the West Devon local authority area, and within Tavistock Deanery for ecclesiastical purposes. The village itself is no longer in the civil parish, having been absorbed into Tavistock in 1930, leaving the parish of Whitchurch just covering the rural areas south-east of the town. Historically, Whitchurch formed part of the Roborough Hundred.
Lucas–Carmichael number
In mathematics, a Lucas–Carmichael number is a positive composite integer n such that

If p is a prime factor of n, then p + 1 is a factor of n + 1;

n is odd and square-free.

The first condition resembles Korselt's criterion for Carmichael numbers, where −1 is replaced with +1. The second condition eliminates from consideration some trivial cases like cubes of prime numbers, such as 8 or 27, which otherwise would be Lucas–Carmichael numbers (since n3 + 1 = (n + 1)(n2 − n + 1) is always divisible by n + 1).

They are named after Édouard Lucas and Robert Carmichael.

Carmichael number
In number theory, a Carmichael number is a composite number ⁠⁠ which in modular arithmetic satisfies the congruence relation:

for all integers ⁠⁠. The relation may also be expressed in the form:

for all integers  that are relatively prime to ⁠⁠. They are infinite in number.

They constitute the comparatively rare instances where the strict converse of Fermat's Little Theorem does not hold.  This fact precludes the use of that theorem as an absolute test of primality.

The Carmichael numbers form the subset K1 of the Knödel numbers.

The Carmichael numbers were named after the American mathematician Robert Carmichael by Nicolaas Beeger, in 1950. Øystein Ore had referred to them in 1948 as numbers with the "Fermat property", or "F numbers" for short.
Liu Guozhong
Liu Guozhong (Chinese: 刘国中; pinyin: Liú Guózhōng; born July 1962) is a Chinese politician and a member of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party who has served as a vice premier of China since March 2023.

He began his career in Heilongjiang province before serving stints at the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and as deputy party secretary of Sichuan. He had served as Governor of Jilin and Shaanxi from 2016 to 2020. He served as the Party Secretary of Shaanxi from 2020 to 2022.

Governor of Jilin
The governor of Jilin, officially the Governor of the Jilin Provincial People's Government, is the head of Jilin Province and leader of the Jilin Provincial People's Government.

The governor is elected by the Jilin Provincial People's Congress, and responsible to it and its Standing Committee. The governor is a provincial level official and is responsible for the overall decision-making of the provincial government. The governor is assisted by an executive vice governor as well as several vice governors. The governor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Jilin Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and as a member of the CCP Central Committee. The governor is the second highest-ranking official in the province after the secretary of the CCP Jilin Committee. The current governor is Hu Yuting, who took office on 2 April 2023.
Bowling average
In cricket, a player's bowling average is the number of runs they have conceded per wicket taken. The lower the bowling average is, the better the bowler is performing. It is one of a number of statistics used to compare bowlers, commonly used alongside the economy rate and the strike rate to judge the overall performance of a bowler.

When a bowler has taken only a small number of wickets, their bowling average can be artificially high or low, and unstable, with further wickets taken or runs conceded resulting in large changes to their bowling average. Due to this, qualification restrictions are generally applied when determining which players have the best bowling averages. After applying these criteria, George Lohmann holds the record for the lowest average in Test cricket, having claimed 112 wickets at an average of 10.75 runs per wicket.

Strike rate
Strike rate refers to two different statistics in the sport of cricket. Batting strike rate is a measure of how quickly a batter achieves the primary goal of batting, namely scoring runs, measured in runs per 100 balls; higher is better. Bowling strike rate is a measure of how quickly a bowler achieves the primary goal of bowling, namely taking wickets (i.e. getting batters out), measured in balls per wicket; lower is better. For bowlers, economy rate is a more frequently discussed statistic.

Both strike rates are relatively new statistics, having only been invented and considered of importance after the introduction of One Day International cricket in the 1970s.
One Million Monkeys Typing
One Million Monkeys Typing was a collaborative fiction website created by Nina Zito and Ilya Kreymerman that was active from 2007 until 2011. The platform allowed users to contribute story snippets between 50 and 300 words, and each snippet could have up to three branching snippets of its own.

Among the earliest online collaborative writing platforms, One Million Monkeys Typing subsequently attracted scholarly interest as a rare example of a web-based collaborative writing project that was multilinear; users contributed branching narratives to the site rather than the more typical linear style of online collaborative fiction in which users added to a single unitary story.

Collaborative fiction
Collaborative fiction is a form of writing by a group of authors who share creative control of a story.

Collaborative fiction can occur for commercial gain, as part of education, or recreationally – many collaboratively written works have been the subject of a large degree of academic research.
Kathryn Barger
Kathryn Ann Barger-Leibrich (born in 1960) is an American politician who is a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for the 5th District since 2016. A member of the Republican Party, Barger served as Chair of Los Angeles County from 2019–2020 and 2024–2025. She previously served as Chief Deputy Supervisor and Chief of Staff to her predecessor Mayor Michael D. Antonovich.

Michael D. Antonovich
Michael Dennis Antonovich (born August 12, 1939) is an American politician who was Mayor of Los Angeles County and a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. He represented the Fifth District, which covers northern Los Angeles County, including the Antelope Valley, Santa Clarita, Pasadena, and parts of the San Fernando and San Gabriel valleys.
Ehsan Danish
Ehsan Danish (Eḥsān Dāniš, 17 November 1914 – 22 March 1982), born Ehsan-ul-Haq Eḥsānu l-Ḥaq), was an Urdu poet, prose writer, linguist, lexicographer and scholar from Pakistan. Ehsan Danish  penned over 100 scholastic books of poetry, prose, linguistics, lexicography and prosody. At the beginning of his career, his poetry was very romantic but later his poems addressed the lot of the labourers and he came to be called the "Šhāʿir-e Mazdūr" (lit "the workman's poet") by his audience. According to one commentator, his poetry inspired the common people's feelings and he has been compared with Josh Malihabadi. He holds the unique position as one of the best poets of all time, with fine, romantic and revolutionary, but simple style of poetry.

Josh Malihabadi
Josh Malihabadi (born Shabbir Hasan Khan; 5 December 1898 – 22 February 1982) popularly known as Shayar-e-Inqalab (poet of revolution) was an Indian-born Pakistani Urdu poet.

Known for his liberal values and challenging the established order, he wrote over 100,000 couplets and more than 1,000 rubaiyat in his lifetime. Yaadon ki Barat, his autobiography, is noted for its frank and candid style. The first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru held him in high esteem and frequently attended the mushaira at Lala Kishan Lal Kalra's United Coffee House where Josh recited his poetry.

Some of his works were translated to English like The Unity of Mankind elegies by Josh Malihabadi by Syed Akbar Pasha Tirmizi.
Erstwhile Records
Erstwhile Records is an independent record label devoted to free improvisation, particularly the electroacoustic variety, contemporary, experimental composed music, and combinations of both. Erstwhile was founded by Jon Abbey in 1999, whose personality and tastes are closely identified with the label.

Characteristic label artists include guitarist Keith Rowe, percussionist Günter Müller, guitarist / turntablist Otomo Yoshihide, homemade electronics group Voice Crack, sine wave improviser Sachiko M, concrete artist Jason Lescalleet, guitarist / laptop composer Fennesz, guitarist Burkhard Stangl and synthesizer player Thomas Lehn, as well as younger musicians such as clarinetist Kai Fagaschinski. In recent years, also artists connected to the Wandelweiser group started releasing albums on the label, such as American composer Michael Pisaro.

Live electronic music
Live electronic music (also known as live electronics) is a form of music that can include traditional electronic sound-generating devices, modified electric musical instruments, hacked sound generating technologies, and computers. Initially the practice developed in reaction to sound-based composition for fixed media such as musique concrète, electronic music and early computer music. Musical improvisation often plays a large role in the performance of this music. The timbres of various sounds may be transformed extensively using devices such as amplifiers, filters, ring modulators and other forms of circuitry. Real-time generation and manipulation of audio using live coding is now commonplace.
Hubert Duggan
Hubert John Duggan (24 July 1904 – 25 October 1943) was an Argentine-born British Army officer and politician, who was Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Acton from 1931 until his death. He was an opponent of appeasement and broke the whip on several important occasions, voting to bring down Neville Chamberlain in 1940.

A witty and handsome man who very much enjoyed the company of women, Duggan was married only briefly before becoming the plaintiff in a scandalous divorce case. He suffered from ill health; brought up in the Catholic faith, he lapsed in adolescence but returned when on his deathbed. Episodes in his life inspired writers Evelyn Waugh and Anthony Powell to fictionalise him.

Anthony Powell
Anthony Dymoke Powell CH CBE (/ˈpoʊəl/ POH-əl; 21 December 1905 – 28 March 2000) was an English novelist best known for his 12-volume work A Dance to the Music of Time, published between 1951 and 1975. It is on the list of longest novels in English.

Powell's major work has remained in print continuously and has been the subject of television and radio dramatisations. In 2008, The Times newspaper named Powell among their list of "the 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Wilno District
Wilno District was a district of the Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands from June 1919 to September 1920, and Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories from September 1920 to December 1920, all of which were under the control of the Second Polish Republic. Its seat was located in Vilnius. In December 1919, it had an area of 48,466 km2 (18,713 sq mi), and was inhabited by 1,633,504 people.

It was established on 7 June 1919 from the lands conquered from the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia by Poland. On 17 January 1920, it was incorporated into Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories. On 20 December 1920, the civil administration was disestablished and the district was divided between Nowogródek District, Second Polish Republic and Lithuania.

Provisional Administration of the Front-line and Phase Territories
The Provisional Administration of the Front-line and Phase Territories was a civil authority of the territories controlled by Second Polish Republic but not incorporated into the state itself, that was formed during the Polish–Soviet War in 1920. It was formed on 9 September 1920 replacing Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands and Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front. On 20 December 1920, it was disestablished and its territories incorporated into Poland.
2016 in North Korea
In the year 2016, North Korea conducted two nuclear tests: one in January and the other in September. Additionally, the country conducted several missile tests. As consequence, the United Nations Security Council adopted three resolutions against North Korea.

The 7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea was held in May. In August North Korea took part in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, winning two gold, four silver, and two bronze medals.

January 2016 North Korean nuclear test
North Korea conducted its fourth nuclear detonation on 6 January 2016 at 10:00:01 UTC+08:30. At the Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site, approximately 50 kilometres (30 miles) northwest of Kilju City in Kilju County, an underground nuclear test was carried out. The United States Geological Survey reported a 5.1 magnitude earthquake from the location; the China Earthquake Networks Center reported the magnitude as 4.9.

North Korean media announced that the country had successfully tested a hydrogen bomb in "self-defence against US". However, third-party experts as well as officials and agencies in South Korea questioned North Korea's claims and contend that the device was more likely to have been a fission bomb such as a boosted fission weapon. Such weapons use hydrogen fusion to produce smaller, lighter warheads suitable for arming a delivery device such as a missile, rather than to attain the destructive power of a true hydrogen bomb.
Persoonia manotricha
Persoonia manotricha is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, more or less cylindrical leaves and greenish yellow flowers in groups of up two to eight on a rachis 2–15 mm (0.079–0.591 in) long. It is similar to P. bowgada and P. hexagona but has longer pedicels than P. bowgada and differently grooved leaves from P. hexagona.

Persoonia bowgada
Persoonia bowgada is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with smooth bark, more or less cylindrical leaves and yellow flowers in groups of up to ten on the ends of branches.
History of electrochemistry
Electrochemistry, a branch of chemistry, went through several changes during its evolution from early principles related to magnets in the early 16th and 17th centuries, to complex theories involving conductivity, electric charge and mathematical methods. The term electrochemistry was used to describe electrical phenomena in the late 19th and 20th centuries. In recent decades, electrochemistry has become an area of current research, including research in batteries and fuel cells, preventing corrosion of metals, the use of electrochemical cells to remove refractory organics and similar contaminants in wastewater electrocoagulation and improving techniques in refining chemicals with electrolysis and electrophoresis.

Electrolysis
In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially important as a stage in the separation of elements from naturally occurring sources such as ores using an electrolytic cell. The voltage that is needed for electrolysis to occur is called the decomposition potential. The word "lysis" means to separate or break, so in terms, electrolysis would mean "breakdown via electricity."
Takamasa Oe
Takamasa Oe (大江 崇允, Ōe Takamasa; born 6 January 1981) is a Japanese screenwriter. He was co-nominated with Ryusuke Hamaguchi for an Academy Award in the category Best Adapted Screenplay for the film Drive My Car.

Ryusuke Hamaguchi
Ryusuke Hamaguchi (濱口 竜介, Hamaguchi Ryūsuke; [hamaꜜɡɯtɕi ɾʲɯꜜːsɯ̥ke] ⓘ; born 16 December 1978) is a Japanese filmmaker. An alumnus of the University of Tokyo and Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, he first gained international recognition for Happy Hour (2015), Asako I & II (2018) and Wheel of Fortune and Fantasy (2021), which premiered at the main competitions of Locarno, Cannes and Berlin respectively.

For Drive My Car (2021), Hamaguchi was nominated at the 94th Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay, the film was the first Japanese production to be nominated for Best Picture, and won Best International Feature Film. He followed with Evil Does Not Exist (2023), which also received widespread critical acclaim winning the Grand Jury Prize at Venice.
Eberhard Zeidler (architect)
Eberhard Heinrich Zeidler, OC OOnt (January 11, 1926 – January 7, 2022) was a German-Canadian architect.  He designed iconic structures and landmarks in Canada and internationally, most notably in Toronto.  These included Ontario Place, the Toronto Eaton Centre and the North York Performing Arts Centre, as well as redevelopments of Queen's Quay Terminal and the Gladstone Hotel.  His firm also designed Canada Place in Vancouver for Expo 86.

Order of Ontario
The Order of Ontario (French: Ordre de l'Ontario) is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Ontario. Instituted in 1986 by Lieutenant Governor Lincoln Alexander, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier David Peterson, the civilian order is administered by the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Ontario residents for conspicuous achievements in any field.
Ros Pesman
Roslyn Louise "Ros" Pesman, AM FAHA (née Cooper; born 24 June 1938) was the first female Challis Professor of History at the University of Sydney and the first woman to be elected chair of the academic board at the university.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
Center for Digital Technology and Management
The Center for Digital Technology and Management (CDTM) is a joint research and educational institute established by the Technical University Munich (TUM) and LMU Munich. It was founded by Manfred Broy, Jörg Eberspächer, Arnold Picot, and Andrew Kelly in 1998. The main goal of the CDTM is to provide innovative entrepreneurial education to students and advance research in diverse fields.

Technical University of Munich
The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; German: Technische Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied and natural sciences.

Established in 1868 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria, the university now has additional campuses in Garching, Freising, Heilbronn, Straubing, Ottobrunn, and Singapore, with the Garching campus being its largest. The university is organized into seven schools, and is supported by numerous research centers. It is one of the largest universities in Germany, with 51,954 students and an annual budget of €2,171.0 million including the university hospital.

A University of Excellence under the German Universities Excellence Initiative, TUM is among the leading universities in the European Union. Its researchers and alumni include 19 Nobel laureates and 26 Leibniz Prize winners.
2020–21 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking
The 2020–21 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking are the World Standings and Season's World Ranking published by the International Skating Union (ISU) during the 2020–21 season.

The single & pair skating and ice dance World Standings take into account the results of the 2018–19, 2019–20, and 2020–21 seasons.

The 2020–21 ISU Season's World Ranking is based on the results of the 2020–21 season only.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 World Championships was the only event to affect World Standings. The ISU determined that it would be unfair to award World Standing points at the Challenger Series and Grand Prix events in light of the vast difference in skaters' travel restrictions. The Junior Grand Prix and 2021 World Junior Championships were cancelled, leaving no opportunities for junior skaters to earn World Standing Points.

ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking
The ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking are the objective merit-based method used by the International Skating Union (ISU) for single & pair skating and ice dance, as well as synchronized skating. Only eligible skaters/teams will be considered in the ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking.

Skaters/teams receive points based on their final placement at an event and the event's weight over the current and preceding two seasons. The ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking are updated after each eligible events. At the end of the current season, the points from the earliest season are deleted. If pairs and ice dance couples officially split up, their partnership will be removed from the Standings and Ranking. When a skater officially announces his or her retirement from competition, the standing and rank of the skater will be removed.
Butch Stewart
Gordon Arthur Cyril "Butch" Stewart OJ CD (6 July 1941 – 4 January 2021) was a Jamaican hotelier and businessman. He was the founder, owner, and chairman of Sandals Resorts, Beaches Resorts, and their parent company Sandals Resorts International, as well as The ATL Group and its subsidiaries Appliance Traders and The Jamaica Observer.

Order of Jamaica
The Order of Jamaica is the fifth of the six orders in the Jamaican honours system. The Order was established in 1969, and it is considered the equivalent of a knighthood in the British honours system.

Membership in the Order can be conferred upon any Jamaican citizen of outstanding distinction. Honorary membership in the Order can be conferred upon any distinguished citizen of a country other than Jamaica.

Members and Honorary Members are entitled to:

wear the insignia of the Order as a decoration,

be styled "The Honourable",

use the post-nominal letters "OJ" (for Members) or "OJ (Hon.)" (for Honorary Members).

The motto of the Order is "For a covenant of the people".