hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrew Wilson (economist)
Andrew Wilson (born 1970 in Lanark, Scotland) is an economist, businessman and former Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP). He is the Director of Communications, Marketing & Responsible Banking at Santander UK. He chaired the Sustainable Growth Commission, which gave its completed report to First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon, in 2018.

Santander UK
Santander UK plc (UK: /ˌsæntənˈdɛər, -tæn-/, US: /ˌsɑːntɑːnˈdɛər/) is a British bank, wholly owned by Banco Santander, a Spanish bank. Santander UK plc manages its affairs autonomously, with its own local management team, responsible solely for its performance.

Santander UK is one of the leading personal financial services companies in the United Kingdom, and one of the largest providers of mortgages and savings in the United Kingdom. As of May 2025, the bank has 18,000 employees, 14 million active customers, and 64 corporate business centres.

The bank, with its head office in London's Regent's Place, was established on 11 January 2010, when Abbey National plc was combined with the savings business and branches of Bradford & Bingley plc, and renamed Santander UK plc. Alliance & Leicester plc merged into the renamed business in May 2010.
Generalized beta distribution
In probability and statistics, the generalized beta distribution is a continuous probability distribution with four shape parameters, including more than thirty named distributions as limiting or special cases. A fifth parameter for scaling is sometimes included, while a sixth parameter for location is customarily left implicit and excluded from the characterization. The distribution has been used in the modeling of income distribution, stock returns, as well as in regression analysis. The exponential generalized beta (EGB) distribution follows directly from the GB and generalizes other common distributions.

Scale parameter
In probability theory and statistics, a scale parameter is a special kind of numerical parameter of a parametric family of probability distributions. The larger the scale parameter, the more spread out the distribution.
Mohamed Rasheed Ibrahim
Mohamed Rasheed Ibrahim NIIV (born 1942) is a Maldivian politician, lawyer, and former judge who served as the Qazi of the Maldives. He also served as the Minister of Justice and Deputy Minister of Justice.

Order of Izzuddin
The Most Honourable Order of the Distinguished Rule of Izzuddin (Dhivehi: ނިޝާން އިއްޒުއްދީނުގެ އިއްޒަތުގެ ވެރިކަން, romanized: Nishan Izzuddinge Izzathuge Verikan), or more informally the Order of Nishan Izzuddin, is the highest Maldivian honour which may be conferred upon a foreign national. The Order of the Distinguished Rule of Izzuddin is dedicated to Sultan al-Ghazi Hassan Izzuddin Sri Kula Ranmiba Kahthiri Bawana Maharadun.
Bucklebury
Bucklebury is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England, about 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Newbury and 1–3 miles (1.6–4.8 km) north of the A4 road. The parish has a population of 2,116, but the village is much smaller. Bucklebury Common, with an area of over 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi), is one of the largest commons in the ceremonial and historic county of Berkshire.

Common land
Common land  is collective land (sometimes only open to those whose nation governs the land) in which all persons have certain common rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect wood, or to cut turf for fuel. A person who has a right in, or over, common land jointly with another or others is usually called a commoner.

In Great Britain, common land or former common land is usually referred to as a common; for instance, Clapham Common and Mungrisdale Common. Due to enclosure, the extent of common land is now much reduced from the hundreds of square kilometres that existed until the 17th century, but a considerable amount of common land still exists, particularly in upland areas. There are over 8,000 registered commons in England alone.
Fermanagh Senior Hurling Championship
The Fermanagh Senior Hurling Championship was an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition organised since 1904 by Fermanagh GAA among the top hurling clubs in County Fermanagh. The winner qualifies to represent the county in the Ulster Junior Club Hurling Championship or the Ulster Intermediate Club Hurling Championship, the winners of which progress to the respective All-Ireland Club Hurling Championships.

As of 2016, just one club, Lisbellaw St Patricks, represent County Fermanagh in hurling. This has been the case since the Lisnaskea club folded in 2015.

County Fermanagh
County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/, fər-MAN-ə; from Irish Fir Manach / Fear Manach, meaning 'men of Manach') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland.

The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and had a population of 63,585 as of 2021. Enniskillen is the county town and largest in both size and population.

Fermanagh is one of four counties of Northern Ireland to have a majority of its population from a Catholic background, according to the 2011 census.
Hurricane Winifred
Hurricane Winifred was the last tropical cyclone to make landfall in the record-breaking 1992 Pacific hurricane season. Impacting western Mexico, especially Colima and Michoacán, Hurricane Winifred brought heavy rain and destruction to the area. Rains flooded farms and roads, and caused more than $5 million (1992 USD, $11.2 million 2025 USD) in damage and a total of three people were killed.

The last major hurricane, and hurricane of its season, Winifred existed in October 1992. It formed southeast of Acapulco on October 6 as the twenty-fourth east Pacific tropical cyclone of its season, and recurved as it strengthened. It peaked as a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall southeast of Manzanillo, Colima and dissipated inland.

Manzanillo, Colima
Manzanillo (/ˌmænzəˈniːoʊ/, /ˌmɑːn-/; Spanish pronunciation: [mansaˈniʝo]) is the most populous city in the Mexican state of Colima and seat of Manzanillo Municipality. The city, located on the Pacific Ocean, contains Mexico's busiest port, responsible for handling Pacific cargo for the Mexico City area. It is the largest-producing municipality for the business sector and tourism in the small state of Colima.

The city has been referred to as the "sailfish capital of the world". Since 1957, it has hosted national and international fishing competitions, such as the Dorsey Tournament. Manzanillo has developed as a destination for international tourism.
Julian Malicki
Julian Czesław Malicki (born 2 September 1961) is a Polish physicist, professor of medical sciences and academic teacher at the Poznań University of Medical Sciences and The Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. Since 1995 the Director of the Greater Poland Cancer Centre.

Poznań University of Medical Sciences
Poznan University of Medical Sciences (Polish: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu) is a prominent Polish medical university, located in the city of Poznań in western Poland. It traces its beginnings to the foundation of Poznań University in 1919, and was formed as a separate institution in 1950. It gained the status of university in 2007.
Taoyuan District
Taoyuan District (Chinese: 桃園區; pinyin: Táoyuán Qū) is a district of Taoyuan City in northwestern Taiwan. Formerly a county-administered city also known as Taoyuan City (桃園市) before 2014, when the former Taoyuan County was elevated to a special municipality which is now known as Taoyuan City, which this district share with the same name. The municipal seat of Taoyuan City is situated within the district. It is the most populous district among the 13 districts of Taoyuan City, and the second most populous among the districts of Taiwan, with the most populous being Banqiao District in New Taipei City.

District (Taiwan)
Districts are administrative subdivisions of Taiwan's special municipalities of the second level and provincial cities of the third level formerly under its provinces. There are two types of district in the administrative scheme:

Ordinary districts are governed directly by the municipality/city government, with district administrators appointed by mayors to four-year terms. The mountain indigenous district is a local government body with elected district chiefs as well as district council serving four-year terms.
Texas State Highway 204
State Highway 204 (SH 204) is a Texas state highway running from Jacksonville southeast to US 259 north of Nacogdoches.  This route was designated on May 15, 1934 replacing the east leg of SH 110 from US 259 north of Nacogdoches to SH 110. On October 31, 1958, SH 204 was extended west to its current end in Jacksonville.

U.S. Route 259
U.S. Route 259 (US 259) is a north–south spur of U.S. Route 59 that runs for 250 miles (400 km) through rural areas of northeastern Texas and southeastern Oklahoma. The highway's southern terminus is near Nacogdoches, Texas, at an interchange with its parent route, US 59. Its northern terminus is in the Ouachita Mountains, approximately 15 miles (24 km) south of Heavener, Oklahoma, where it reunites with US 59.  For most of its length, US 259 lies 30–50 miles (48–80 km) to the west of its parent route.
Paul Osew
Paul Asiedu Osew (born 25 November 2000) is an English professional footballer who plays as a left back.

Osew is a product of the Brentford and AFC Wimbledon academies and played in the English Football League for the latter club between 2019 and 2023. Following a short spell with Northampton Town and a period as a free agent in 2023, he dropped into non-League football and briefly played in Northern Ireland.

Brentford F.C. Reserves and Academy
Brentford F.C. Reserves was the reserve team of Brentford. The reserve team played at varying times from 1900 until 2011. During the 2012 off-season, the English reserve football pyramid and youth system was overhauled under the Elite Player Performance Plan and replaced with a new Academy system and development leagues. Brentford's reserve team was relaunched as the Brentford Development Squad in 2011 and in 2012 it began competing in Professional Development League 2 South. After closing the academy in May 2016, the club withdrew from the Elite Player Performance Plan and Professional Development League and launched a new Brentford B team. Following the first team's promotion to the Premier League in 2021, the club reopened its academy in time for the start of the 2022–23 season, under the Elite Player Performance Plan, while retaining the B team.
2010 Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 2010 Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 2010, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Alabama, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on June 1, 2010, with runoff elections held on July 13 in races where no single candidate cleared at least 50% of the vote.

Incumbent Democratic lieutenant governor Jim Folsom Jr. ran for re-election to a second concurrent and fourth overall term in office, but was narrowly defeated by Republican state treasurer Kay Ivey. Ivey's margin of victory was the closest of all statewide races in Alabama in 2010.

Jim Folsom Jr.
James Elisha Folsom Jr. (born May 14, 1949) is an American politician who was the 50th governor of Alabama from April 22, 1993, to January 16, 1995. He has also served as the 25th and 29th lieutenant governor of Alabama. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

As of 2026, he is the most recent Democrat to have served as Alabama's Lieutenant Governor.
Josh Johnson (rugby league)
Joshua Johnson (born 25 July 1994) is an English professional rugby league footballer who most recently played as a prop for the Oldham RLFC in the RFL League 1.

He has previously played for the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League, and on loan from Huddersfield at Doncaster and the Batley Bulldogs in the Championship, and Oldham in Championship 1. Johnson played for Hull Kingston Rovers in the Kingstone Press Championship and in the top flight, and on loan from Hull KR at the York City Knights in Betfred League 1 and the Leigh Centurions in the Betfred Championship. He also played for the Barrow Raiders in the Championship.

Batley Bulldogs
The Batley Bulldogs are an English professional rugby league club in Batley, West Yorkshire, who play in the Championship. Batley were one of the original twenty-two rugby football clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. They were League Champions in 1924 and have won three Challenge Cups.
Sarah Burke
Sarah Jean Burke (September 3, 1982 – January 19, 2012) was a Canadian freestyle skier who was a pioneer of the superpipe event. She was a five-time Winter X Games gold medallist, and won the world championship in the halfpipe in 2005. She successfully lobbied the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to have the event added to the Olympic program for the 2014 Winter Olympics. She was considered a medal favourite in the event. Burke died following a training accident in Utah in 2012.

FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2005
The 2005 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships took place at the Rukatunturi ski resort in Kuusamo, Finland, between March 17th and March 20th. Five events were held for each sex, including half-pipe, skicross, aerials, moguls and dual moguls.
Nepheline syenite
Nepheline syenite is a holocrystalline plutonic rock that consists largely of nepheline and alkali feldspar. The rocks are mostly pale colored, grey or pink, and in general appearance they are not unlike granites, but dark green varieties are also known. Phonolite is the fine-grained extrusive equivalent.

Feldspar
Feldspar (/ˈfɛl(d).ˌspɑːr/ FEL(D)-spar; sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the plagioclase (sodium-calcium) feldspars and the alkali (potassium-sodium) feldspars. Feldspars make up about 60% of the Earth's crust and 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight.

Feldspars crystallize from magma as both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock. Rock formed almost entirely of calcic plagioclase feldspar is known as anorthosite. Feldspars are also found in many types of sedimentary rocks.
Iron(II) hydroxide
Iron (II) hydroxide or ferrous hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Fe(OH)2. It is produced when iron (II) salts, from a compound such as iron(II) sulfate, are treated with hydroxide ions. Iron(II) hydroxide is a white solid, but even traces of oxygen impart a greenish tinge.  The air-oxidised solid is sometimes known as "green rust".

Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.
The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.
Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.
Burmi campaign
The Burmi campaign was a series of military engagements in 1903 between the British Empire, through its protectorate in Northern Nigeria, and the Sokoto Caliphate. The campaign followed British victories across the Caliphate's emirates and the capture of its twin capitals, Sokoto and Gwandu. After losing Sokoto, Caliph Muhammadu Attahiru I embarked on a hijra with his followers, seeking to avoid British rule and ultimately settle in Mecca. The British pursued him and his growing following, which included emirs, officials, and others opposed to colonial rule, as they travelled eastward. They were eventually cornered at the town of Burmi in the Gombe Emirate. After weeks of fighting, the campaign culminated in the Battle of Burmi on 27 July 1903, in which Attahiru and much of his following were killed. This marked the effective end of the Sokoto Caliphate, with its eastern territories, alongside some of its western territories, absorbed into British Northern Nigeria.

Gombe Emirate
The Gombe Emirate (Fula: Lamorde Gombe 𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤥𞤥𞤦𞤫) is a traditional state in Nigeria that roughly corresponds in area to the modern Gombe State.The current Emir of Gombe is Alhaji Abubakar Shehu Abubakar III, who acceded on 6 June 2014. The late Emir of Gombe, Alhaji Shehu Usman Abubakar, who precedes his father Abubakar II had been Emir since August 1984.
Daniil Simkin
Daniil Dmitrievich Simkin (Даниил Дмитриевич Симкин; born 12 October 1987) is a ballet dancer and entrepreneur. He was formerly a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre and the Berlin State Ballet. Based in New York, he founded Studio Simkin, a production company focused on digital and interdisciplinary ballet projects.

Simkin has cited Mikhail Baryshnikov, Rudolf Nureyev, and his father, Dmitrij Simkin, as early influences.

Berlin State Ballet
The Berlin State Ballet (German: Staatsballett Berlin) is the principal ballet company in the German capital of Berlin. It was created in 2004 through a merger of the separate ballet companies of the city's three opera houses at a time when the city was going through a financial crisis. It is one of the largest ballet companies in Western Europe with approximately 90 dancers.

Since 2004, the Berlin State Ballet, alongside the Berlin State Opera, the Deutsche Oper Berlin, the Komische Oper Berlin comprise the Berlin Opera Foundation. The Berlin State Ballet inaugural general and artistic director, dancer and choreographer Vladimir Malakhov, was a director of the ballet of the Berlin Opera before the companies merged to form the Berlin State Ballet. He led the company for ten years, creating a mixed repertoire of classical titles and contemporary choreography. A star dancer himself, Malakhov was not only managing, but also performing with the company.
William Barksdale
William Barksdale (August 21, 1821 – July 3, 1863) was an American lawyer, newspaper editor, U.S. Representative, and Confederate general in the American Civil War. He served four terms as  Mississippi's 3rd district's member of the U.S. House of Representatives, from 1853 to 1861.

A staunch secessionist, he was mortally wounded during the Battle of Gettysburg during an attack on U.S. Army forces near Cemetery Ridge.

Secession
Secession (from Latin: sēcessiō, lit. 'a withdrawing') is a term and a concept which is used in reference to the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.

In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.

The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism.
Kerala Motor Vehicles Department
The Kerala Motor Vehicles Department, colloquially known as the MVD or Kerala MVD, is the motor vehicle law enforcement agency under the Transport Department of the Government of Kerala. It is responsible for the enforcement of motor vehicle laws, issuing driving licences, registering motor vehicles, ensuring road safety, and the levy and collection of road tax in the state.  The department is administered by the Transport Commissioner who is the Head of the Department. The current Transport Commissioner is Nagaraju Chakilam, IPS.

It is primarily responsible for enforcing the Central Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, and its associated rules and regulations within the state of Kerala.

Motor vehicle registration
Motor vehicle registration is the registration of a motor vehicle with a government authority, either compulsory or otherwise. The purpose of motor vehicle registration is to establish a link between a vehicle and an owner or user of the vehicle. While almost all motor vehicles are uniquely identified by a vehicle identification number, only registered vehicles display a vehicle registration plate and carry a vehicle registration certificate. Motor vehicle registration is different from motor vehicle licensing and roadworthiness certification.

Motor vehicles may also be registered with property owners or managers to gain benefits. For example, organisations with parking facilities may require registration of a vehicle with them to allow authorised users to park there.
Puerto Rico v. Shell Co. (P.R.)
Puerto Rico v. Shell Co. (P. R.), Ltd., 302 U.S. 253 (1937), is a Supreme Court of the United States case concerning Puerto Rico.  The issue was whether a local ("insular") law could be pre-empted by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.  It was also notable as being one of the first cases that determined that Puerto Rico can be treated as if a state for some purposes under the law.  It has become a precedent for similar cases.

Federal preemption
In the law of the United States, federal preemption is the invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with federal law.  The rules of preemption seek to restrict it to only where it is explicit or necessary. In the course of adjudicating cases, the issue of preemption may be heard in either state or federal court.
2010–11 Top League Challenge Series
The 2010–11 Top League Challenge Series was the 2010–11 edition of the Top League Challenge Series, a second-tier rugby union competition in Japan, in which teams from regionalised leagues competed for promotion to the Top League for the 2011–12 season. The competition was contested from 19 December 2010 to 29 January 2011.

Honda Heat and NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes won promotion to the 2011–12 Top League, while Canon Eagles and Kyuden Voltex progressed to the promotion play-offs.

2011–12 Top League
The 2011–12 Top League was the ninth season of Japan's domestic rugby union competition, the Top League. The Suntory Sungoliath team defeated Sanyo Wild Knights by 47–28 in the final of the Microsoft Cup to claim their second Top League championship.

The Top League is a semi-professional competition which is at the top of the national league system in Japan, with promotion and relegation between the next level down.