hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Khunan
The Battle of Khunan was fought in September 1222 between the Kingdom of Georgia, led by King George IV, and the Mongol army led by Subutai and Jebe. The result was a Mongol victory. For further details, see the Mongol Invasions of Georgia.

George IV of Georgia
George IV (Georgian: გიორგი IV, romanized: giorgi IV), also known as Lasha Giorgi (Georgian: ლაშა გიორგი, romanized: lasha giorgi) (1192–1223), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the king (mepe) of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1213 to 1223.
Hexavalent chromium
Hexavalent chromium (chromium(VI), Cr(VI), chromium 6) is any chemical compound that contains the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state (thus hexavalent).  It has been identified as carcinogenic, which is of concern since approximately 136,000 tonnes (150,000 tons) of hexavalent chromium were produced in 1985. Hexavalent chromium compounds can be carcinogens (IARC Group 1), especially if airborne and inhaled where they can cause lung cancer.

IARC group 1
IARC group 1 Carcinogens are substances, chemical mixtures, and exposure circumstances which have been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (chemical mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient, but when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.

This list focuses on the hazard linked to the agents. This means that while carcinogens are capable of causing cancer, it does not take their risk into account, which is the probability of causing a cancer, given the level of exposure to this carcinogen.
The list is up to date as of January 2026, including all agents classified by Volumes 1–140 of the IARC Monographs.
Drew Parks
Andrew Michael Parks (born December 3, 1991) is a former American rapper, record producer, and songwriter from Metro Detroit, Michigan. Parks first gained national recognition for his music career in the early 2010s, when his music was featured on networks and music publications such as MTV, ESPN, Freeform, BBC 1Xtra, XXL Mag, Shade 45, Billboard Magazine, and Vibe Magazine.

BBC Radio 1Xtra
BBC Radio 1Xtra is a British digital radio station owned and operated by the BBC. It broadcasts Black music and urban genres, and is a sister station to Radio 1. Launching at 18:00 on 16 August 2002, it had been code named "Network X" during the consultation period. At the time, the station was listed as "1 Xtra BBC" on many electronic programming guides.  The station broadcasts mostly from the 8th floor of Broadcasting House, shared with Radio 1, Radio 2 and 6 Music.

According to RAJAR, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 786,000 with a listening share of 0.3% as of March 2024.
Paul DeMarco
Paul J. DeMarco (born July 20, 1967) is an American lawyer and politician from the state of Alabama. He is a Republican member of the Alabama House of Representatives, representing the 46th district since 2005. He ran in the United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, 2014 in the 6th in the Republican Party primary.

Alabama's 6th congressional district
33°18′35.54″N 86°44′23.31″W﻿ / ﻿33.3098722°N 86.7398083°W﻿ / 33.3098722; -86.7398083

Alabama's 6th congressional district is a United States congressional district in Alabama that elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It is composed of the wealthier portions of Birmingham, nearly all of Jefferson County outside Birmingham and the entirety of Autauga, Bibb, Chilton, Coosa, Elmore, and Shelby counties. It is the richest congressional district in the state of Alabama.

It is currently represented by Republican Gary Palmer.
Corrosion engineering
Corrosion engineering is an engineering specialty that applies scientific, technical, engineering skills, and knowledge of natural laws and physical resources to design and implement materials, structures, devices, systems, and procedures to manage corrosion. 
From a holistic perspective, corrosion is the phenomenon of metals returning to the state they are found in nature. The driving force that causes metals to corrode is a consequence of their temporary existence in metallic form. To produce metals starting from naturally occurring minerals and ores, it is necessary to provide a certain amount of energy, e.g. Iron ore in a blast furnace. It is therefore thermodynamically inevitable that these metals when exposed to various environments would revert to their state found in nature. Corrosion and corrosion engineering thus involves a study of chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and materials science.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Say I Love You (manga)
Say I Love You (Japanese: 好きっていいなよ。, Hepburn: Suki-tte ii na yo) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kanae Hazuki. It was serialized in Kodansha's shōjo manga magazine Dessert from February 2008 to July 2017, with its chapters collected in 18 tankōbon volumes. An anime adaptation by Zexcs aired from October to December 2012. A live action film adaptation premiered in July 2014.

In North America, the manga was licensed by Kodansha USA. The anime series was licensed by Sentai Filmworks.

Zexcs
ZEXCS inc., (Japanese: 有限会社ゼクシズ, Hepburn: Yūgen-gaisha Zekushizu) is a Japanese animation studio located in Koganei, Tokyo, Japan. It was established on January 23, 1998, by former J.C.Staff producer Tomoko Kawasaki and is known for doing the animation production of series such as Sister Princess and Diabolik Lovers. Zexcs is also known for its work in cooperation with its sister company Feel.
Soviet frigate Zadornyy
Zadornyy (Russian: Задорный, lit. 'Provocative') was a Project 1135 Burevestnik-class guard ship or Krivak-class frigate that served with the Soviet and Russian Navies. Displacing 3,200 tonnes (3,100 long tons; 3,500 short tons) full load, the vessel was built around the Metel anti-submarine missile system. Zadornyy was launched on 25 March 1979 in Leningrad, the last of the class to be built by the A.A. Zhdanov shipyard, and served with the Northern Fleet. After taking part in exercises Avangard-81, Sever-81 and Okean-83, and cruising as far as Havana, Cuba, the vessel was upgraded between 11 June 1990 and 23 May 1995 with missiles that added anti-ship capability. While serving with the Russian Navy, the ship took part in joint exercises with frigates of the Royal Navy, including a commemoration of the first Arctic convoy of the Second World War with HMS Campbeltown. After more than twenty-five years service, the ship was decommissioned on 3 December 2005.

Metel Anti-Ship Complex
The Metel Anti-Ship Complex (Russian: противолодочный комплекс «Метель» 'Snowstorm'; NATO reporting name: SS-N-14 Silex) is a Soviet family of anti-submarine missiles. There are different anti-submarine variants ('Metel') for cruisers and frigates, and a later version with a shaped charge ('Rastrub') that can be used against shipping as well as submarines.

The missile carries an underslung anti-submarine torpedo which it drops immediately above the suspected position of a submarine. The torpedo then proceeds to search and then home in on the submarine. In the case of the 85RU/URPK-5, the UGMT-1 torpedo is a multi-purpose torpedo and can be used against submarines as well as surface ships.  The missile has been in operational service since 1968, but is no longer in production; it was superseded by the RPK-2 Viyuga (SS-N-15 'Starfish').
Karl Wilhelm Isenberg
Karl Wilhelm Isenberg (5 September 1806 – 10 October 1864), spelt or known by names Carl Wilhelm Isenberg, Charles William Isenberg, C. W. Isenberg, Carl W. Isenberg or Charles Isenberg, was a German Church Missionary Society missionary and linguist to East Africa and Western India.

Isenberg compiled a dictionary and comprehensive grammar of the Amharic language, including several vocabularies in the Afar and Oromo languages. He also translated the Anglican Book of Common Prayer into Marathi and Amharic and assisted revisions of Bible translations into those languages. He was related to Hermann Hesse.

Church Mission Society
The Church Mission Society (CMS), formerly known as the Church Missionary Society, is a British Anglican mission society working internationally with Christians. CMS was founded in 1799, and has given its name "CMS" to a number of daughter organisations around the world, including Australia and New Zealand, which have now become independent.
Vo (Armenian letter)
Vo (majuscule: Ո; minuscule: ո; Armenian: վո, վօ) is the twenty-fourth letter of the Armenian alphabet. It has a numerical value of 600. It was created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century AD. It represents the open-mid back rounded vowel (/ɔ/), but when it occurs isolated or word-initially, it represents /vɔ/1. It is one of the two letters that represent the sound O, the other being Օ which was not created by Mashtots.

Its minuscule variant is homoglyphic to the minuscule form of the  Latin letter N. In its uppercase form, it looks like a turned Latin letter U, the Lisu letter Ue (ꓵ), or the asomtavruli form of the Georgian letter ghani (Ⴖ).

O
O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is o (pronounced /ˈoʊ/ ⓘ), plural oes.
Adrian Cahill
Adrian Cahill (9 June 1971 – 7 November 2020) was an Irish hurler who played as a right wing-back for the Offaly senior team.

Born in Birr, County Offaly, Cahill first played competitive hurling in his youth. He first came to prominence on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Offaly minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 1989–90 National League and immediately became a regular member of the team. During his career Cahill won a set of Leinster and National Hurling League medals as a non-playing substitute.

At club level Cahill is a one-time All-Ireland medallist with Birr. In addition to this he also won two Leinster medals and one championship medal.

His retirement came during the 1993–94 National League.

Cahill's brother, Gary, also enjoyed a lengthy career with Offaly.

Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1896.

Kilcormac–Killoughey are the title-holders, defeating shinrone by 1–24 to 2–14 in the 2025 final.
The Lacassane Company
The Lacassane Company is a privately held land management and real estate company based in Lake Charles, Louisiana. It owns and manages approximately 21,000 acres of agricultural land, marsh and coastal prairie in Jefferson Davis, Cameron and Beauregard parishes, where it operates rice and cattle enterprises, leases land for oil and gas development and manages wetlands mitigation banks and guided hunting operations. The company is also the parent of the Louisiana Native Seed Company and the Lacassane Club, a private waterfowl hunting club.

Lake Charles, Louisiana
Lake Charles is the fifth-most populous city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and the parish seat of Calcasieu Parish, located on the namesake lake, Prien Lake, and the Calcasieu River. Founded in 1861 in Calcasieu Parish, it is a major industrial, cultural, and educational center in the southwest region of Louisiana. As of the 2020 U.S. census, Lake Charles's population was 84,872.

The city and metropolitan area of Lake Charles is considered a significant center of petrochemical refining, gambling, tourism, and education, being home to McNeese State University and Sowela Technical Community College. Because of the lakes and waterways throughout the city, metropolitan Lake Charles is often called the "Lake Area".
Wisconsin's 26th Assembly district
The 26th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Located in eastern Wisconsin, the district comprises part of eastern Sheboygan County, including the city of Sheboygan.  It also contains the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, Sheboygan Campus and Kohler-Andrae State Park.  The district is represented by Democrat Joe Sheehan, since January 2025.

The 26th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 9th Senate district, along with the 25th and 27th Assembly districts.

Downtown Sheboygan, Wisconsin

American Marram Grass dunes with Lake Michigan in background within Kohler-Andrae State Park

University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, Sheboygan Campus

Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
Sheboygan County (/ʃɪˈbɔɪɡən/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is named after the Sheboygan River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 118,034. Its county seat is Sheboygan. The county was created in 1836 and organized in 1846. At the time, it was located in the Wisconsin Territory. Sheboygan County comprises the Sheboygan, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. Part of the Holyland region is located in northwestern Sheboygan County.
Nerve growth factor
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons. It is perhaps the prototypical growth factor, in that it was one of the first to be described. Since it was first isolated by Nobel laureates Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen in 1954, numerous biological processes involving NGF have been identified, two of them being the survival of pancreatic beta cells and the regulation of the immune system.

Growth factor
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation. Usually it is a secreted protein or a steroid hormone.
POV-Ray
The Persistence of Vision Ray Tracer, most commonly acronymed as POV-Ray, is a cross-platform ray-tracing program that generates images from a text-based scene description. It was originally based on DKBTrace, written by David Kirk Buck and Aaron A. Collins for Amiga computers. There are also influences from the earlier Polyray raytracer because of contributions from its author, Alexander Enzmann. POV-Ray is free and open-source software, with the source code available under the AGPL-3.0-or-later license.

GNU Affero General Public License
The GNU Affero General Public License (GNU AGPL) is a free copyleft license published by the Free Software Foundation in November 2007, based on the GNU GPL version 3 and the Affero General Public License (non-GNU).

It is intended for software designed to be run over a network, adding a provision requiring that the corresponding source code of modified versions of the software be prominently offered to all users who interact with the software over a network.

The Open Source Initiative approved the GNU AGPLv3 as an open source license in March 2008 after the company Funambol submitted it for consideration through its CEO Fabrizio Capobianco.
Interior Plateau
The Interior Plateau comprises a large region of the Interior of British Columbia, and lies between the Cariboo and Monashee Mountains on the east, and the Hazelton Mountains, Coast Mountains and Cascade Range on the west. The continuation of the plateau into the United States is known there as the Columbia Plateau.

Physiographically, the Interior Plateau is a section of the larger Northern Plateaus province, which in turn is part of the Intermontane Plateaus physiographic division.

The Interior Plateau is not part of the Interior Mountains, a huge area that constitutes most of the northern two thirds of the Canadian province of British Columbia between the Coast Mountains, Rocky Mountains and the various small ranges on the inland lea of the Coast Mountains between the Bulkley Ranges and the Bella Coola River.

Cariboo Mountains
The Cariboo Mountains are the northernmost subrange of the Columbia Mountains, which run down into the Spokane area of the United States and include the Selkirks, Monashees and Purcells.  The Cariboo Mountains are entirely within the province of British Columbia, Canada.  The range is 7,700 square kilometres (3,000 sq mi) in area and about 245 km in length (southeast–northwest) and about 90 km at its widest (southwest–northeast).
Hannah Stolba
Hannah Stolba (born June 2, 1982) is an American rugby union coach and former player. She was a member of the United States team in the 2010 and 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup's. She was recently appointed Bay Breakers Head Coach for the inaugural season of the Women's Elite Rugby competition.

United States women's national rugby union team
The USA Women's national rugby union team, nicknamed the Women's Eagles, represents the United States in women's international rugby union. The team was officially formed in 1987 and is nicknamed the Eagles.

An international powerhouse during the 1990s— the Eagles won the inaugural 1991 Women's World Cup and finished second in the two following World Cups in 1994 and 1998. The team finished fourth at the 2017 Rugby World Cup in Ireland.

In May 2018, Rob Cain was appointed full-time Head Coach. Cain joined the Eagles after winning the inaugural Tyrell Premier 15s title in England with Saracens Women.
Kevin McAleenan
Kevin Kealoha McAleenan (born September 5, 1971) is an American attorney and government official who served as the acting United States secretary of homeland security from April to November 2019.

McAleenan served as the U.S. Customs and Border Protection commissioner from March 2018 to May 2019. During that time, he was a leading proponent of separating children from their parents as a means of deterring illegal entry into the United States. President Donald Trump designated McAleenan as Acting United States Secretary of Homeland Security in April 2019. He resigned on October 11, 2019, with Trump saying McAleenan wanted to "spend more time with his family and go to the private sector". The Government Accountability Office later ruled that McAleenan's appointment as Acting Secretary had been improper.

McAleenan is the CEO and former president of BigBear.ai which holds multiple contracts with the United States Department of Defense.

United States Customs and Border Protection
United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the largest federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security. It is the country's primary border control organization, charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, as well as enforcing U.S. regulations, including trade, customs, and immigration. The CBP is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States. It has a workforce of more than 45,600 federal agents and officers. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.
Neuromechanics of orthoses
Neuromechanics of orthoses refers to how the human body interacts with orthoses. Millions of people in the U.S. suffer from stroke, multiple sclerosis, postpolio, spinal cord injuries, or various other ailments that benefit from the use of orthoses. Insofar as active orthoses and powered exoskeletons are concerned, the technology to build these devices is improving rapidly, but little research has been done on the human side of these human-machine interfaces.

Orthotics
Orthotics (Greek: Ορθός, romanized: ortho, lit. 'to straighten, to align'), also known as orthology, is a medical specialty that focuses on the design and application of orthoses, sometimes known as braces, calipers, or splints. An orthosis is "an externally applied device used to influence the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems." Orthotists are medical professionals who specialize in designing orthotic devices such as braces or foot orthoses.
4th North Carolina Infantry Regiment
The 4th North Carolina Infantry Regiment was a Confederate States Army regiment during the American Civil War, active from 1861 until the war's end in April 1865. Ordered to Virginia, the unit served in General Winfield S. Featherston’s, George B. Anderson’s, Stephen D. Ramseur’s, and William R. Cox’s Brigade. Its field officers were Colonels George B. Anderson, Bryan Grimes, Edwin A. Osborne, and James H. Wood; Lieutenant Colonels David M. Carter and John A. Young; and Majors Edward S. Marsh and Absalom K. Simonton. It was nicknamed "The Bloody Fourth" after the high rate of casualties at the Battle of Seven Pines.

William Ruffin Cox
William Ruffin Cox (March 11, 1831/1832 – December 26, 1919) was an American soldier and politician from the state of North Carolina. He was a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, a three-term member of the United States House of Representatives from 1881 to 1887, and Secretary of the Senate from 1893 to 1900.
K. K. Mahajan
K. K. Mahajan (2 October 1944 – 13 July 2007) was an Indian cinematographer who was known for his work in Parallel Cinema. In a career that spanned over four decades, he won four National Film Awards. He was best known for his work with filmmakers such as Kumar Shahani, Mani Kaul, Basu Chatterjee and Mrinal Sen.

Starting his career in the late 1960s, Mahajan worked simultaneously in parallel and mainstream films for the next four decades. In all he shot 84 feature films, around 100 commercials and over 20 documentaries and several television serials.

Parallel cinema
Parallel cinema, or New Indian Cinema, is a film movement in Indian cinema that originated in the state of West Bengal in the 1950s as an alternative to the mainstream commercial Indian cinema.

Inspired by Italian Neorealism, Parallel Cinema began just before the French New Wave and Japanese New Wave, and was a precursor to the Indian New Wave of the 1960s. The movement was initially led by Bengali cinema and produced internationally acclaimed filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Ritwik Ghatak, Tapan Sinha and others. It later gained prominence in other film industries of India.

It is known for its serious content, realism and naturalism, symbolic elements with a keen eye on the sociopolitical climate of the times, and the general rejection of inserted song-and-dance routines that are typical of mainstream Indian films.