hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean Prat
Jean Prat (1 August 1923 – 25 February 2005) was a French rugby union footballer. He played as a flanker. He was awarded the Légion d'honneur in 1959. He is considered one of the best French rugby players of all time and was inducted into both the International Rugby Hall of Fame and IRB Hall of Fame, in 2001 and 2011 respectively. His younger brother, Maurice Prat, also appeared for France, with the pair appearing together at international level on a number of occasions.

World Rugby Hall of Fame
The World Rugby Hall of Fame (formerly the IRB Hall of Fame) recognises special achievement and contribution to the sport of rugby union. The World Rugby Hall of Fame covers players, coaches, administrators, match officials, institutions and other individuals. The Hall of Fame recognises the history and important contributions to the game, through one or more induction ceremonies that have been held annually except in 2010. The permanent physical home of the Hall of Fame was based at the Rugby Art Gallery, Museum & Library in Rugby, Warwickshire from 2016 until 2021.
Public Health Service Achievement Medal
The Public Health Achievement Medal is a decoration of the United States Public Health Service presented to members of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Officer Corps and to members of any Uniformed Services of the United States whose accomplishments or achievements are of outstanding or unique significance to the missions of the Corps. It is the ninth-highest award awarded by the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.

Awards and decorations of the Public Health Service
The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (PHSCC), one of the eight uniformed services of the United States, has the authority to issue various awards, commendations, and other insignia to its members. These include individual honor awards, unit honor awards, service awards, training ribbons, special skill badges, and identification badges. The following PHSCC awards are listed in the service's order of precedence:
Puerto Rico Highway 33
Puerto Rico Highway 33 (PR-33) is an urban road in Caguas, Puerto Rico. This road goes from the junction of PR-1 with PR-189 to Bulevar Cristóbal Colón, west of downtown, and it is known as Avenida José Mercado.

PR-33 heading north

Caguas, Puerto Rico
Caguas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɣwas], locally [ˈkawaʔ]) is a city and municipality in central eastern Puerto Rico. Located in the eponymous Caguas Valley between the Sierra de Cayey and Sierra de Luquillo of the Central Mountain Range, it is bordered by San Juan and Trujillo Alto to the north, Gurabo and San Lorenzo to the west, Aguas Buenas, Cidra and Cayey to the east, and Patillas to the south. With a population of 127,244 as of the 2020 census, Caguas is the fifth most populated municipality in the archipelago and island and a principal city of the San Juan metropolitan area.

Since 2009, Caguas is the only municipality in Puerto Rico recognized as a Tree City USA by the Arbor Day Foundation.
R. K. S. Bhadauria
Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria PVSM AVSM VM ADC  (born 15 September 1959), is a retired Indian Air Force officer, who served as the Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force, having assumed office on 30 September 2019 after the retirement of Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa. He retired on 30 September 2021 and was succeeded by Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Francis Awesa
Francis Awesa (born 16 August 1951) is a Papua New Guinean politician. A former Premier of the Southern Highlands under the old provincial government system, he was a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea from 2007 to 2017, representing the electorate of Imbonggu Open. A Papua New Guinea Party member in his first term, he subsequently switched to the People's National Congress after PNC leader Peter O'Neill became Prime Minister in 2011. He was Minister for Transport, Works and Civil Aviation (2011), Minister for Transport and Works (2011-2012) and Minister for Works and Implementation (2012-2017) in the government of Peter O'Neill.

Peter O'Neill
Peter Charles Paire O'Neill (born 13 February 1965) is a Papua New Guinean politician who served as the seventh Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 2011 to 2019. He has been a Member of Parliament for Ialibu-Pangia since 2002. He was a former cabinet minister and the leader of the People's National Congress between 2006 and 2022. He resigned his position as prime minister to avoid a vote of no confidence, and he was succeeded by James Marape.
Information commissioner
The role of information commissioner differs from nation to nation.  Most commonly it is a title given to a government regulator in the fields of freedom of information and the protection of personal data in the widest sense. The office often functions as a specialist ombudsman service.

Information privacy
Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.

Various types of personal information often come under privacy concerns. Privacy concerns exist wherever personally identifiable information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. Improper or non-existent disclosure control can be the root cause for privacy issues. Informed consent mechanisms including privacy policies and dynamic consent are important in communicating to data subjects the different uses of their personally identifiable information.
Angustinaripterus
Angustinaripterus was a basal pterosaur, belonging to the breviquartossan family Rhamphorhynchidae (more specifically within the subfamily Rhamphorhynchinae) and  discovered at Dashanpu near Zigong in the Sichuan province of China.

Rhamphorhynchidae
Rhamphorhynchidae is a group of early pterosaurs named after Rhamphorhynchus, that lived in the Late Jurassic. The family Rhamphorhynchidae was named in 1870 by Harry Govier Seeley. Members of the group possess no more than 11 pairs of teeth in the rostrum, a deltopectoral crest that is constricted at the base but expanded at the distal end, and a bent phalange on the fifth toe.

Rhamphorhynchidae traditionally contains two subfamilies: the Rhamphorhynchinae and the Scaphognathinae. While not recovered as distinct clades by all analyses, there do appear to be traits uniting members of each group. Rhamphorhynchines are more common, were lightly built, and had jaws ending in pointed tips that contained more teeth, which are often procumbent (pointed forward). Scaphognathines are comparatively quite rare, were more robust skeletally, and had shorter wing proportions. The broad-tipped skulls of scaphognathines held fewer teeth which were widely spaced and vertically oriented in the jaw.
Nao Minakami
Nao Minakami (みなかみ 菜緒, Minakami Nao; born on September 20, 1987) is a  Japanese singer, a voice actress, and is an undergraduate school student of Tokyo University, one of the top-level research universities in Japan. Her real name is Nao Sakamoto (坂元　菜緒, Sakamoto　Nao), and she is sometimes affectionately nicknamed "Naosuke" (なおすけ) by her Japanese fans.

She is a  member of the singing group, New DUP, which was founded by BROCCOLI Inc. to promote its mascot characters, Dejiko, Usada and Puchiko (from the anime Di Gi Charat), where Minakami is the voice actress for Puchiko.

New DUP hosts a radio show called "Degiko Radio" (でじこラジオ, "Radio produced by  Degiko"), and it comprises three Japanese voice actresses: Satomi Akesaka, Yasawa Rieka, and Minakami.

Satomi Akesaka
Satomi Akesaka (明坂 聡美, Akesaka Satomi) (born January 2, 1988) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and former singer affiliated with the Amuleto talent agency. She voiced main characters Hina Satou in Tesagure! Bukatsu-mono, Taeko Nomura in Coppelion, Mutsuki in Danchigai, krkr in Gdgd Fairies, Teruha Andō in Girls Beyond the Wasteland, Yūki Asano in Kyo no Gononi, Miho Edogawa in Level E, and Natsume in Master of Martial Hearts.  She also voices supporting characters such as: Esdeath in Akame ga Kill!, Varda in Engage Planet Kiss Dum, Mari Kurokawa in Gate, Arsene in Tantei Opera Milky Holmes, Miho in Suzuka, Kanon in Pretty Rhythm and Rinko Shirokane in BanG Dream! (2017–2018).

On June 30, 2018, it was announced that Akesaka would retire from singing due to sudden hearing loss and left Roselia on September 17. However, she remained involved in the industry by continuing her voice acting work.
Nanokaichi Domain
Nanokaichi Domain (七日市藩, Nanokaichi-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Kōzuke Province (modern-day Gunma Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Nanokaichi jin'ya in what is now part of the city of Tomioka, Gunma. Parts of the jin'ya, including the daimyō residence and gardens are preserved on the original site (now part of Tomioka High School). Nanokaichi was ruled throughout its history by a junior branch of the Maeda clan of Kaga.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
1988 Cunninghame District Council election
Elections to Cunninghame District Council were held on 5 May 1988, on the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. This was the fifth election to the district council following the local government reforms in 1974.

The election used the 30 wards created by the Initial Statutory Reviews of Electoral Arrangements in 1979. Each ward elected one councillor using first-past-the-post voting.

Despite a drop in their vote share, Labour retained control of the council after and again took more than half the popular vote as they won 24 of the 30 seats – an increase of one from 1984. The Conservatives remained as the second largest party with four seats – a decrease of one.

1984 Cunninghame District Council election
Elections to Cunninghame District Council were held on 3 May 1984, on the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. This was the fourth election to the district council following the local government reforms in 1974.

The election used the 30 wards created by the Initial Statutory Reviews of Electoral Arrangements in 1979. Each ward elected one councillor using first-past-the-post voting.

Labour retained control of the council after taking more than half the popular vote and winning 23 of the 30 seats – an increase of two from 1980. The Conservatives retained all five of their seats to remain as the second largest party while the Scottish National Party (SNP) lost all their representation on the council just seven years after winning a plurality of seats.
Socialist Party of National Liberation
The Socialist Party of National Liberation (Catalan: Partit Socialista d'Alliberament Nacional, PSAN) was an independentist and communist party active in Catalonia. The PSAN was created in 1968 following a split in the more leftist sector of the National Front of Catalonia. Initially it was only present the Catalonia, but later also gained presence in the French region of Roussillon (September 1971), the Valencian Community (July 1974) and the Balearic Islands (February 1976). The party was illegal and clandestine until 1978, when all parties were fully legalised, after the Franco Dictatorship.

National Front of Catalonia
The National Front of Catalonia (Catalan: Front Nacional de Catalunya, FNC) was a Catalan nationalist party which was active between 1940 and 1990. The FNC was created in 1940 by former members of the Estat Català and the Catalan Nationalist Party, with the latter dissolving and splitting its membership between the Estat Català and the FNC. The main goals of the FNC were to present an opposing front to the Spanish State of caudillo Franco and to advocate for Catalan independence. In 1946, the FNC became an officially independent party by breaking its relationship with the Estat Català.
Drug house
A drug house is a residence used in the illegal drug trade. Drug houses shelter drug users and provide a place for drug dealers to supply them. Drug houses can also be used as laboratories to synthesize (cook) drugs, or cache ingredients and product.

Drug houses have been a subject widely presented in hip hop and trap music, with the latter genre being named after an American slang term for a drug house.

Clandestine chemistry
Clandestine chemistry is chemistry carried out in secret, and particularly in illegal drug laboratories. Larger labs are usually run by gangs or organized crime intending to produce for distribution on the black market. Smaller labs can be run by individual chemists working clandestinely in order to synthesize smaller amounts of controlled substances or simply out of a hobbyist interest in chemistry, often because of the difficulty in ascertaining the purity of other, illegally synthesized drugs obtained on the black market. The term clandestine lab is generally used in any situation involving the production of illicit compounds, regardless of whether the facilities being used qualify as a true laboratory.
2017–18 Southern Kings season
In the 2017–18 rugby union season, the Southern Kings participated in the Pro14 competition, their inaugural appearance in the competition after losing their Super Rugby status after the 2017 season. They finished bottom of the seven-team Conference B, winning just one of their 21 matches. Masixole Banda was the team's top scorer in the competition with 40 points, while winger Yaw Penxe was the top try scorer with five tries.

2017–18 Pro14
The 2017–18 PRO14 (also known as the Guinness PRO14 for sponsorship reasons) was the seventeenth season of the professional rugby union competition originally known as the Celtic League. It is the first season to be referred to as the Guinness PRO14 Championship, with the addition of two South African teams.

Fourteen teams competed in this season — four Irish teams: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster; two Italian teams: Benetton and Zebre; two Scottish teams: Edinburgh and Glasgow Warriors; two South African teams: Cheetahs and the Southern Kings; and four Welsh teams: Cardiff Blues, Dragons, Ospreys and Scarlets.

Scarlets came into the new season as defending champions, and for the second season reached the PRO14 final. Leinster, however, won the final at the Aviva Stadium to take their fifth title in the competition's various iterations, and seal a domestic league and European Cup double, only the sixth team to do so, and the first from the PRO14 Championship.
Tayammum
Tayammum (Arabic: تيمم) is the Islamic act of dry ritual purification using purified (clean) sand, stone or earth, which may be performed in place of ritual washing (wudu or ghusl) if no clean water is readily available or if one is suffering from moisture-induced skin inflammation or scaling, illness, or hardship.

Ghusl
Ghusl (Arabic: غسل ġusl, IPA: [ˈɣʊsl]) is an Arabic term that means the full-body ritual purification which is mandatory before the performance of various Islamic activities and prayers. For any Muslim, it is performed  after sexual intercourse (i.e. it is fardh), before Friday prayer and prayers for Islamic holidays, before entering the ihram in preparation for Hajj, after having lost consciousness, and after formally converting to Islam. Sunni Muslims also perform the ablution before Salat al-Tawba "Prayer of Repentance".

Ghusl is often translated as "full ablution", as opposed to the "partial ablution" or wudu وضوء that Muslims perform after lesser impurities such as urination, defecation, flatulence, deep sleep, and light bleeding (depending on the madhhab).

Ghusl is a ritual bath.: 471
George Frederic Watts
George Frederic Watts OM RA (23 February 1817 – 1 July 1904) was a British painter and sculptor associated with the Symbolist movement. Watts became famous in his lifetime for his allegorical works, such as Hope and Love and Life. These paintings were intended to form part of an epic symbolic cycle called the "House of Life", in which the emotions and aspirations of life would all be represented in a universal symbolic language.

Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (French: Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by Edward VII, admission into the order remains the personal gift of its Sovereign—currently Edward VII's great-great-grandson Charles III—and is restricted to a maximum of 24 living recipients from the Commonwealth realms, plus honorary members. While all members are awarded the right to use the post-nominal letters OM and wear the badge of the order, the Order of Merit's precedence among other honours differs between countries.
Alliance for the Future (Czech Republic)
Alliance for the Future (Czech: Aliance pro budoucnost, APB) is a political party in the Czech Republic, established in 2016 as the Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA). It considers itself to be successor of the previous Civic Democratic Alliance. It was established in September 2016 by current leader Pavel Sehnal, and former Prime Minister Petr Nečas is also involved with the party. The party participated in the 2017 legislative election and plans to participate in the 2018 municipal election. The leaders of the original Civic Democratic Alliance are not involved with the party.

Civic Democratic Alliance
The Civic Democratic Alliance (Czech: Občanská demokratická aliance, ODA) was a conservative-liberal political party in the Czech Republic, active between 1989 and 2007. ODA was part of government coalitions until 1997 and participated in the transformation of the Czech economy. The party was supported by president Václav Havel, who voted for it in the 1992 and 1996 elections.
Anindya Sengupta
Lieutenant General Anindya Sengupta PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, YSM is a serving general officer of the Indian Army. He currently serves as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Central Command. He previously served as the Chief of Staff, Northern Command. He earlier served as General Officer Commanding of the Leh-based Fire and Fury Corps (XIV). The general officer is also the Colonel of the Regiment of the Punjab Regiment since 5 April 2025.

Yudh Seva Medal
The Yudh Seva Medal (lit. 'War Service Medal') is one of India's military decorations for distinguished service during wartime. It is awarded for a high degree of distinguished service in an operational context, which includes times of war, conflict, or hostilities and may be  awarded posthumously.

The award is the wartime equivalent of the Vishisht Seva Medal, which is a peacetime distinguished service decoration.

In 2019, Minty Agarwal became the first woman given the Yudh Seva Medal.
Zumrud Khanmagomedova
Zumrud Khanmagomedova (Tabasaran: Ханмягьмадова Зумруд, 1915–2001) was the first Tabasaran woman who received higher education, as well as the first Tabasaran woman poet and the great-granddaughter of the scientist-historian of Dagestan Hasan Alkadari.

Tabasaran language
Tabasaran (also written Tabassaran) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Lezgic branch. It is spoken by the Tabasaran people in the southern part of the Russian Republic of Dagestan. There are two main dialects: North (Khanag) and South Tabasaran. It has a literary language based on the Southern dialect, one of the official languages of Dagestan.

Tabasaran is an ergative language. The verb system is relatively simple; verbs agree with the subject in number, person and (in North Tabasaran) class. North Tabasaran has two noun classes (that is, grammatical gender), whereas Southern Tabasaran lacks noun classes / gender.
Schlenk flask
A Schlenk flask, or Schlenk tube, is a reaction vessel typically used in air-sensitive chemistry, invented by Wilhelm Schlenk. It has a side arm fitted with a PTFE or ground glass stopcock, which allows the vessel to be evacuated or filled with gases (usually inert gases like nitrogen or argon). These flasks are often connected to Schlenk lines, which allow both operations to be done easily.

Schlenk flasks and Schlenk tubes, like most laboratory glassware, are made from borosilicate glass.

Schlenk flasks are round-bottomed, while Schlenk tubes are elongated. They may be purchased off-the-shelf from laboratory suppliers or made from round-bottom flasks or glass tubing by a skilled glassblower.

Ground glass joint
Ground glass joints are used in laboratories to quickly and easily fit leak-tight apparatus together from interchangeable commonly available parts. For example, a round bottom flask, Liebig condenser, and oil bubbler with ground glass joints may be rapidly fitted together to reflux a reaction mixture. This is a large improvement compared with older methods of custom-made glassware, which was time-consuming and expensive, or the use of less chemical resistant and heat resistant corks or rubber bungs and glass tubes as joints, which took time to prepare as well.

One of the glassware items to be joined would have an inner (or male) joint with the ground glass surface facing outward and the other would have an outer (or female) joint of a correspondingly fitting taper with the ground glass surface facing inward.  To connect the hollow inner spaces of the glassware components, ground glass joints are hollow on the inside and open at the ends, except for stoppers.
Plecotini
Plecotini is a tribe of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. It contains several genera found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, in Eurasia, North Africa, and North America. Several genera in this tribe are known as big-eared bats or long-eared bats. It also contains the spotted bat and barbastelles.

The oldest fossil record of this group is Qinetia from the early Oligocene of Belgium.

Barbastella
Barbastella is a genus of vespertilionid bats. There are seven extant species in this genus and one only known from fossil remains. It literally means "starbeard", and comes from the Latin words barba, 'beard', and stella, 'star', referring to the clusters of stiff hairs that some bats of this genus have around their nostrils, which may resemble a beard or, perhaps, the arrangement of the rays of a star. Furthermore, the Italian term barbastello is common for bats in northeastern Italy, especially in Ferrara and Bologna; this regional use of Italian could have influenced or been related to the choice of the scientific name. Barbastello is also believed to have originated from the Latin vespertilio, the classical word for 'bat'.