hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Theodor Fuchs
Theodor Fuchs (15 September 1842 in Eperies – 5 October 1925 in Steinach am Brenner) was an Austrian geologist and paleontologist.

He studied geology and paleontology at the University of Vienna as a pupil of Eduard Suess (doctorate 1863). Following graduation, he worked as an assistant at the Hofmineralienkabinett in Vienna, being named its curator in 1880. From 1889 to 1904 he was director of the geologic-paleontological department at the Natural History Museum in Vienna. In 1897 he became an associate professor of paleontology at the university.

His primary research dealt with studies of stratigraphic conditions of the Late Tertiary of the Vienna Basin and investigations of Tertiary deposits in the Mediterranean.

In 1894 he proposed the Chattian age, a chronostratigraphic stage of the Oligocene epoch. In 1895 he was the first to report on soft sediment deformations known today as "load casts" — at the time, Fuchs used the descriptive term Fließwülste (flow crests).

Chattian
The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 27.3 and 23.04 Ma. The Chattian is preceded by the Rupelian and is followed by the Aquitanian (the lowest stage of the Miocene).
Adolf Tolkachev
Adolf Georgiyevich Tolkachev (Russian: Адольф Георгиевич Толкачёв; 6 January 1927 – 24 September 1986) was a Soviet electronics engineer. He provided vital documents to the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) between 1979 and 1985. Working at the Soviet radar design bureau Phazotron as one of the chief designers, Adolf Tolkachev gave the CIA complete detailed information about projects such as the R-23, R-24, R-33, R-27, and R-60, S-300 missile systems; fighter-interceptor aircraft radars used on the MiG-29, MiG-31, and Su-27; and other avionics. The KGB executed him in Moscow for espionage in 1986.

Mikoyan MiG-31
The Mikoyan MiG-31 (Russian: Микоян МиГ-31; NATO reporting name: Foxhound) is a supersonic interceptor aircraft developed for the Soviet Air Forces by the Mikoyan design bureau as a replacement for the MiG-25 "Foxbat", on which it is based and shares design elements.

The MiG-31 is the fastest known operational combat aircraft, with a top speed around 3,000 km/h (1,600 knots). It continues to be operated by the Russian Aerospace Forces following the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The other operator, the Kazakh Air Defence Forces, retired the type in 2023. The Russian Defence Ministry expects the MiG-31 to remain in service until at least 2030; that was confirmed in 2020 when an announcement was made to extend the service lifetime of the existing airframes from 2,500 to 3,500 hours. The MiG-31K variant carries the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal conventional or nuclear warhead-capable air-launched ballistic missile.
Albasheer Show
Albasheer Show (Arabic: البشير شو) is an Iraqi satirical news programme, created and hosted by Ahmed Albasheer. It currently airs weekly on DW's Arabic language channel, with episodes also posted onto YouTube. The show first premiered on 30 August 2014 and until 2017 aired intermittently on various Iraqi television channels. Pressure from the Iraqi Communications and Media Commission has meant that the show is no longer broadcast in Iraq, although citizens are able to access the programme online. By 2015 the show had a recorded audience of 19 million, over half of Iraq's total population, and the show and its host has been called among the most influential in the country, with it being cited as playing a major role in the 2019–2021 Iraqi protests.

Ahmed Albasheer
Ahmed Albasheer (Arabic: أحمد البشير; born 17 October 1984) is an Iraqi comedian, journalist, and director, best known as the creator and host of the weekly political satire show Albasheer Show. He was named one of the twenty most influential people in the Arab world by the Global Influence Research Centre.
Bryansk Oblast
Bryansk Oblast (Russian: Бря́нская о́бласть, romanized: Bryanskaya oblastʹ), also known as Bryanshchina (Брянщина, IPA: [ˈbrʲænʲɕːɪnə]), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Bryansk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 1,169,161.

Oryol Oblast
Oryol Oblast (Russian: Орло́вская о́бласть, romanized: Orlovskaya oblastʹ), also known as Orlovshchina (Russian: Орловщина), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Oryol. Population: 713,374 (2021 census); 786,935 (2010 census);
Loysville, Pennsylvania
Loysville is a census-designated place in Tyrone Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located at the intersection of state routes 274 and 850, 9.1 miles (14.6 km) west-southwest of New Bloomfield. Loysville has a post office, with ZIP code 17047.

Perry County, Pennsylvania
Perry County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,842. The county seat is New Bloomfield. The county was created on March 22, 1820, and was named for Oliver Hazard Perry, a hero of the War of 1812, who had recently died. It was originally part of Cumberland County and was created in part because residents did not want to travel over the mountain to Carlisle, the county seat of Cumberland County. Landisburg became the temporary county seat before New Bloomfield was ultimately chosen. The county is part of the South Central Pennsylvania region of the state. Perry County is included in the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area. The county is served by the 717/223 area codes.
Automaton (song)
"Automaton" is a song by English funk band Jamiroquai. It was released as the lead single from their eighth studio album, Automaton (2017), on 27 January 2017. The song peaked at number 36 in France, number 61 in Japan, number 65 in Scotland, and number 31 on the U.S. Billboard Dance/Electronic Songs chart.

Automaton (album)
Automaton is the eighth studio album by English funk band Jamiroquai, released on 31 March 2017 through Virgin EMI. It is the band's first album in seven years, following Rock Dust Light Star (2010). It was a number-one album in Italy and peaked at number two in Switzerland, number three in France and number four in the UK.
Image compression
Image compression is a type of data compression applied to digital images, to reduce their cost for storage or transmission. Algorithms may take advantage of visual perception and the statistical properties of image data to provide superior results compared with generic data compression methods which are used for other digital data.

TIFF
Tag Image File Format or Tagged Image File Format, commonly known by the abbreviations TIFF or TIF, is an image file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers.
TIFF is widely supported by scanning, faxing, word processing, optical character recognition, image manipulation, desktop publishing, and page-layout applications.

The format was created by Stephen Carlsen, an engineer at Aldus Corporation, for use in desktop publishing. It published the latest version 6.0 in 1992, subsequently updated with an Adobe Systems copyright after the latter acquired Aldus in 1994. Several Aldus or Adobe technical notes have been published with minor extensions to the format, and several specifications have been based on TIFF 6.0, including TIFF/EP (ISO 12234-2), TIFF/IT (ISO 12639), TIFF-F (RFC 2306) and TIFF-FX (RFC 3949).
International Festival of the Sea, 2001
The International Festival of the Sea was held at H.M. Naval Base, Portsmouth between 24  and 27 August 2001. It was the third in a series of International Festivals of the Sea held in the United Kingdom since 1996.  The event allowed people to walk around the Naval Base, to go on board many of the visiting vessels, including several vessels belonging to the Royal Navy.  It also allowed people to visit the historic dockyard, including HMS Victory and  Mary Rose. There were also many maritime displays, street entertainers, military bands, music concerts and unique shops.

According to the event's patron, Anne, Princess Royal, the festival was a "celebration of all things maritime".

International Festivals of the Sea
The International Festivals of the Sea were a series of maritime festivals, which were held in various British port cities between 1996 and 2005. The festivals were intended to be celebrations of the sea, bringing together sailors, musicians, artists, entertainers, ships and boats from all points of the compass.
Cytochrome C1
Cytochrome C1 (also known as Complex III subunit 4) is a protein encoded by the CYC1 gene. Cytochrome is a heme-containing subunit of the cytochrome b-c1 complex, which accepts electrons from Rieske protein and transfers electrons to cytochrome c in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is formed in the cytosol and targeted to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Cytochrome c1 belongs to the cytochrome c family of proteins.

Rieske protein
Rieske proteins are iron–sulfur protein (ISP) components of cytochrome bc1 complexes and cytochrome b6f complexes and are responsible for electron transfer in some biological systems. John S. Rieske and co-workers first discovered the protein and in 1964 isolated an acetylated form of the bovine mitochondrial protein. In 1979, Trumpower's team isolated the "oxidation factor" from bovine mitochondria and showed it was a reconstitutively-active form of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein.
It is a unique [2Fe-2S] cluster in that one of the two Fe atoms is coordinated by two histidine residues rather than two cysteine residues.  They have since been found in plants, animals, and bacteria with widely ranging electron reduction potentials from -150 to +400 mV.
Rashid Khan (Nepalese cricketer)
Rashid Khan (born 21 February 2001) is a Nepalese cricketer. He was named in Nepal's squad for the men's cricket tournament at the 2019 South Asian Games. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Nepal, against Bhutan, on 5 December 2019. The Nepal team won the bronze medal, beating the Maldives by five wickets in the third-place playoff match. In September 2020, he was one of eighteen cricketers to be awarded with a central contract by the Cricket Association of Nepal.

Cricket at the 2019 South Asian Games – Men's tournament
Men's cricket at the 2019 South Asian Games was held in Kirtipur, Nepal from 3 to 9 December 2019. The men's tournament featured under-23 squads from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka and senior squads from Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal. India and Pakistan did not participate.

The Bangladesh team won the gold medal, after they beat Sri Lanka by seven wickets in the final. In the third-place playoff, Nepal beat the Maldives by five wickets to win bronze.
Automorphism group
In mathematics, the automorphism group of an object X is the group consisting of automorphisms of X under composition of morphisms.  For example, if X is a finite-dimensional vector space, then the automorphism group of X is the group of invertible linear transformations from X to itself (the general linear group of X).  If instead X is a group, then its automorphism group  is the group consisting of all group automorphisms of X.

Especially in geometric contexts, an automorphism group is also called a symmetry group. A subgroup of an automorphism group is sometimes called a transformation group.

Automorphism groups are studied in a general way in the field of category theory.

Function composition
In mathematics, the composition operator  takes two functions,  and , and returns a new function .  When the composite function  (pronounced " of ") is evaluated at an input , the result is . That is, the function  is applied after applying  to .

The composition of functions is a special case of the composition of relations, sometimes also denoted by . As a result, all properties of composition of relations are true of composition of functions, such as associativity.
Henniker baronets
The Henniker Baronetcy, of Newton Hall in the County of Essex, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 2 November 1813 for Brydges Henniker, who had earlier represented Kildare Borough in the last Irish Parliament. He was the youngest son of John Henniker, 1st Baron Henniker. The sixth baronet was an admiral in the Royal Navy and sat as Conservative member of parliament for Galloway. The eighth Baronet was a brigadier in the Royal Engineers. As of 2026, the Official Roll considers the baronetcy dormant.

John Henniker, 1st Baron Henniker
John Henniker, 1st Baron Henniker (15 June 1724 – 18 April 1803), known previously as John Henniker then as Sir John Henniker, 2nd Baronet, from 1782 to 1800, was a British merchant and Member of Parliament.
Dalkhola railway station
Dalkhola railway station is a railway station in Dalkhola, Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India. It is a standard II-R interlocked roadside station situated on electrified double line section at 43 metres above sea level. It also serves as a prominent rakepoint and the entry to the rest of the NFR zone. Part of the Katihar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway, the station lies on Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line, Barauni–Guwahati line and Katihar-Siliguri line .

Uttar Dinajpur district
Uttar Dinajpur (Bengali pronunciation: [utːor dinad͡ʒpur]), also known as North Dinajpur, is one of the 23 districts of the state of West Bengal in India. The district is the part of Malda Division. Raiganj city is the headquarters of the district. This district bifurcated on 1 April 1992 from the erstwhile West Dinajpur district.
Urethral sounding
Urethral sounding is the practice of inserting objects (typically made from metal or silicone) into the urethra for sexual gratification.  Medical probes called sounds are often used, giving the name.

It resembles urethral dilation, a urological procedure that uses urethral sounds to enlarge the inside diameter of the urethra and locate obstructions in the urethra, or as a treatment for urethral strictures, but is not carried out for medical reasons, nor typically with the same level of safety and hygienic precautions.

Urethral dilatation
Urethral dilation (also known as urethral dilatation) is a urological procedure that uses medical probes called urethral sounds to enlarge the inside diameter of the urethra and locate obstructions in the urethra, or as a treatment for urethral strictures.

It is distinct from urethral sounding, which is carried out as an erotic activity.
Buile Hill Academy
Buile Hill Academy (formerly Buile Hill High School then Buile Hill Visual Arts College) is a coeducational state-funded secondary school for 11-16 year olds in Pendleton, Salford, England. It opened in 1973 on the site of Salford Grammar School, and is designated a specialist school for visual arts.  The school became an academy in 2016, and was taken over by the Northern Education Trust in 2024.

The school is located off Eccles Old Road, between Buile Hill Park and Pendleton Sixth Form College.

Northern Education Trust
Northern Education Trust is a multi-academy trust operating in the North of England, established in 2010. It operates both primary and secondary academies. The Northern Education Trust (NET) is a founder and member of the Northern Alliance of Trusts.
Wheeler–Kohn House
The Wheeler–Kohn House is a Queen Anne and Second Empire Style house in the Near South Side neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, United States.  The house was built in 1870 by Otis L. Wheelock for Calvin Wheeler.

It was designated a Chicago Landmark on February 5, 1998, and it was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1999. The house currently serves as one of Chicago's few intimate bed and breakfast hotels, operating as the Wheeler Mansion.

Otis Leonard Wheelock
Otis Leonard Wheelock (1816 - 1893) was an architect in upstate New York and Chicago. He and his wife had two adopted children, a son Harry B. Wheelock who was an architect and a daughter.

George H. Harlow studied under him.

He was a partner of W. W. Boyington in the firm of Boyington & Wheelock. He also partnered with William Wilson Clay. George Beaumont and Minard Lefever Beers are architects who worked at his firms.
Fort Towson, Oklahoma
Fort Towson is a town in Choctaw County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Fort Towson had a population of 492. It was named for nearby Fort Towson, which had been established in May 1824 and named for General Nathan Towson, a hero of the War of 1812. The town of Fort Towson was established in 1902, after the Arkansas and Choctaw Railway reached eastern Choctaw County.

Choctaw County, Oklahoma
Choctaw County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,204. Its county seat is Hugo.

Formerly part of the Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory, this county was reorganized and redefined in 1907, at the time of Oklahoma statehood. According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, the name is derived from Chahta, the founder of the Choctaw people as according to their oral tradition. It is part of the area of jurisdiction of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.
The Shop Girl
The Shop Girl was an Edwardian musical comedy in two acts (described by the author as a musical farce) written by Henry J. W. Dam, with lyrics by Dam and Adrian Ross and music by Ivan Caryll, and additional numbers by Lionel Monckton and Ross. It premiered at the Gaiety Theatre in London in 1894 and ran for an extremely successful 546 performances. Its cast included Seymour Hicks, George Grossmith Jr., Arthur Williams, Edmund Payne, and Ellaline Terriss. It soon played in New York and was successfully revived in London in 1920.

Kate Cutler
Kate Ellen Louisa Cutler (14 August 1864 – 14 May 1955) was an English singer and actress, known in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as an ingénue in musical comedies, and later as a character actress in comic and dramatic plays.  She is possibly best known for walking out of the lead role in Noël Coward's The Vortex in 1924 shortly before opening night.
Joan of Arc (1948 film)
Joan of Arc is a 1948 American epic historical drama film directed by Victor Fleming, and starring Ingrid Bergman as the eponymous French religious icon and war heroine. It was produced by Walter Wanger and is based on Maxwell Anderson's successful Broadway play Joan of Lorraine, which also starred Bergman, and was adapted for the screen by Anderson himself, in collaboration with Andrew Solt. It is the last film Fleming directed before his death in 1949.

Hurd Hatfield
William Rukard Hurd Hatfield (December 7, 1917 – December 26, 1998) was an American actor. He was known for playing handsome, narcissistic young men, most notably Dorian Gray in the film The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945).
Vernazza
Vernazza (Ligurian: Vernassa, locally Vernasa; Latin: Vulnetia) is a town and comune located in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northwestern Italy. It is one of the five towns that make up the Cinque Terre region.  Vernazza is the fourth town heading north, has no car traffic, and remains one of the truest "fishing villages" on the Italian Riviera. It is the only natural port of Cinque Terre and is famous for its elegant houses.

Vernazza's name is derived from the Latin adjective verna, meaning "native". The aptly named indigenous wine, vernaccia ("local" or "ours"), helped give birth to the village's name. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Province of La Spezia
The province of La Spezia (Italian: provincia della Spezia; Ligurian: provinsa dea Spèza) is a province in the Liguria region of Italy. Its capital is the city of La Spezia. It has 214,986 inhabitants in 32 municipalities.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (MRM) is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on all aspects of the development and use of nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques for medical applications.

International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
The International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) is a "multi-disciplinary nonprofit association that promotes innovation, development, and application of magnetic resonance techniques in medicine and biology throughout the world".

The Society has over 9,000 members and is based in Concord, California, United States.
Argungu Fishing Festival
The Argungu Fishing Festival or  Argungu Dance Festival is an annual four-day festival in  Kebbi State and other northern states like Niger in the north-western part of Northern Nigeria. The region is made up of fertile river areas of matanfada, mala with much irrigation and orchards (lambu in Hausa). The majority of inhabitants are Muslim fishermen. The Kanta Museum is the main historical centre in Argungu for visitors across the globe. People from around the world travel to Argungu just to witness the occasion. The main purpose of the Argungu fishing festival is for fishing and unity. The festival is usually a four-day cultural event.

Argungu
Argungu is a city in Nigeria's Kebbi State, situated on the Sokoto River. As of 2007 Argungu had an estimated population of 47,064. 
The city is the seat of the Argungu Emirate, a traditional state.
The city is a major agricultural center for the area, with key crops including tobacco, peanuts, rice, millet, wheat, and sorghum.  The city also hosts an annual international fishing festival which was suspended for 11 years. The Argungu fishing festival was held again in the year 2020 from March 11–14

Argungu has a museum where the historic turbulence and artifactare being kept, and displayed. It is called Kanta museum AKA Gidan Nabame. The dead emirs of the emirates are also buried in the museum.
Janet Stancomb-Wills
Dame Janet Stancomb Graham Stancomb-Wills DBE PPRWA (25 January 1854 – 22 August 1932) was the first woman mayor of Ramsgate in Kent, an office which she held from 1923–24, and she was also the first person to receive, in 1922, the Freedom of the Town. She was elected President of the Royal West of England Academy (RWA) in 1911, decades before any other British Academy even admitted women as full members, and also became President of the School of Architecture at Bristol in 1921. In 1927, she was appointed Justice of the Peace for Kent. She  died on 22 August 1932 at East Court, Ramsgate, Kent, aged 78.

Ramsgate
Ramsgate is a seaside port town and civil parish in the district of Thanet in eastern Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century. In 2021 it had a population of 42,027. Ramsgate's main attraction is its coastline, and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast, and the Port of Ramsgate  provided cross-channel ferries for many years.
Labici
Labici or Labicum or Lavicum  (Latin: Lăbīcī or Lăbīcum) was an ancient city of Latium, in what is now central Italy, lying in the territory of the modern Monte Compatri, about 20 km SE from Rome, on the northern slopes of the Alban Hills. Exact location of the original city is however disputed.

It occurs among the thirty cities of the Latin League, and it is said to have joined the Aequi and the Volsci in 419 BC and to have been stormed by the Romans in 418 BC. After this it does not appear in history, and in the time of Cicero and Strabo was almost entirely deserted if not destroyed. Traces of its ancient walls have been noticed. Its place was taken by the respublica Lavicanorum Quintanensium, the post-station established in the lower ground on the Via Labicana, a little SW of the modern village of Colonna, the site of which is attested by various inscriptions and by the course of the road itself.

Julius Caesar had a villa near here.

Latium
Latium (/ˈleɪʃiəm/ LAY-shee-əm, US also /-ʃəm/ -⁠shəm; Latin: [ˈɫati.ũː]) is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.