hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alojz Jembrih
Alojz (Alojzije) Jembrih  (born 11 June 1947) is a Croatian literary historian, linguist, philologist, slavist and expert on Kajkavian literature.

He graduated from the classical high school in Zagreb. In Vienna, he studied Slavic studies, art history and philosophy. In 1977 he finished his PhD thesis about Kajkavian writer Antun Vramec. Between 1978 and 1980 he was associate of the Institute of Old Slavic language in Zagreb. From 1983 until 1996, he taught Slavic Studies at the University of Ljubljana.  He taught also Croatian language the Faculty of Teacher Education in Čakovec. Currently he is Professor Emeritus at Faculty of Croatian Studies at the University of Zagreb.

Alojzije Jembrih's specialization is the Kajkavian literary language and literature. He is a researcher of Croatian Protestant literature from the 16th century. In these area he carried research in Germany between 1986 and 1991.

Kajkavian
Kajkavian is a South Slavic supradialect or language spoken primarily by Croats in much of Central Croatia and Gorski Kotar.

It is part of the South Slavic dialect continuum, being transitional to the supradialects of Čakavian, Štokavian and the Slovene language. There are differing opinions over whether Kajkavian is best considered a dialect of the Serbo-Croatian language or a fully-fledged language of its own, as it is only partially mutually intelligible with either Čakavian or Štokavian and bears more similarities to Slovene; it is transitional to and fully mutually intelligible with Prekmurje Slovene and the dialects in Slovenian Lower Styria's region of Prlekija in terms of phonology and vocabulary.

Outside Croatia's northernmost regions, Kajkavian is also spoken in Austrian Burgenland and a number of enclaves in Hungary along the Austrian and Croatian border and in Romania.
Priesthood (ancient Israel)
The priesthood of ancient Israel was the class of male individuals, who, according to the Hebrew Bible, were patrilineal descendants from Aaron (the elder brother of Moses) and they were assisted by the tribe of Levi, who served in the Tabernacle, Solomon's Temple and Second Temple until the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Their temple role included animal sacrifice. The priests (Hebrew kohanim) are viewed as continuing in the Kohen families of rabbinical Judaism.  The Levites were not technically priests, they were the priests assistants and are viewed as continuing in the Levite families of rabbinical Judaism.

Kohen
Kohen (Hebrew: כֹּהֵן, romanized: kōhēn, pronounced [koˈ(h)en]; pl. כֹּהֲנִים, kōhănīm, [ko(h)aˈnim]) is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. They are traditionally believed, and halakhically required, to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron (also Aharon), brother of Moses, and thus belong to the Tribe of Levi.

During the existence of the Temple in Jerusalem (and previously the Tabernacle), kohanim performed the Temple sacrificial offerings, which were only permitted to be offered by them. Following its destruction, it seems that most of them joined the Synagogal Jewish movement before adopting gradually Rabbinic Judaism, other types of Judaism, Christianity or Islam. Today, kohanim retain a lesser though distinct status within Rabbinic and Karaite Judaism, including certain honors and restrictions.

In the Samaritan community, the kohanim have remained the primary religious leaders.
Joseph P. LaSalle
Joseph Pierre LaSalle (born 28 May 1916 in State College, Pennsylvania; died 7 July 1983 in Little Compton, Rhode Island) was an American mathematician specialising in dynamical systems and responsible for important contributions to stability theory, such as LaSalle's invariance principle which bears his name.

Richard E. Bellman
Richard Ernest Bellman (August 26, 1920 – March 19, 1984) was an American applied mathematician, who introduced dynamic programming in 1953, and made important contributions in other fields of mathematics, such as biomathematics. He founded the leading biomathematical journal Mathematical Biosciences, as well as the Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications.
Rubén Pardo (footballer)
Rubén Pardo Gutiérrez (born 22 October 1992) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder.

He spent the vast majority of his career at Real Sociedad, making 194 official appearances and also being loaned to Betis. In January 2020, he signed with Bordeaux.

Pardo earned 31 caps for Spain at youth level, winning the 2011 European Under-19 championship.

FC Girondins de Bordeaux
Football Club des Girondins de Bordeaux (French pronunciation: [ʒiʁɔ̃dɛ̃ də bɔʁdo]), commonly referred to as Girondins de Bordeaux (Occitan: Girondins de Bordèu) or simply Bordeaux, is a French football club based in the city of Bordeaux in Gironde, Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It competes in the Championnat National 2, the fourth tier of football in France, after an administrative double relegation in 2024.

Bordeaux was founded on 1 October 1881 as a multi-sports club and it is one of the most successful football clubs in France. The club has won six Division 1/Ligue 1 titles, the last in 2009. Bordeaux have also won four Coupe de France titles, three Coupe de la Ligue titles, and three Trophée des champions titles as well. In international competitions Bordeaux has reached the UEFA Cup final in 1996 and the Latin Cup final in 1950. From a year to its inception, the club's stadium was the Stade Chaban-Delmas, from 2015, Bordeaux's home ground is the Stade Atlantique.
Brit Air Flight 5672
Brit Air Flight 5672 was a domestic passenger flight from Nantes Atlantique Airport to Brest-Guipavas Airport, France, which crashed on 22 June 2003. The flight was a Bombardier CRJ100ER operated by Brit Air, a regional airline which was a subsidiary of Air France. The aircraft crashed during its landing phase, striking multiple obstacles and then crashing onto a road and bursting into flames. The occupants were evacuated immediately. The captain was killed in the crash, while 23 survived.

An investigation led by France's air accident investigation body, the Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA), revealed that the crew of Flight 5672 neglected to select the approach mode on the autopilot. As a result, the glideslope was not captured. The aircraft subsequently deviated significantly from its expected flight path, and the issue worsened as the crew failed to monitor the aircraft's altitude. The Ground Proximity Warning System sounded the alarm,

Brest Bretagne Airport
Brest Bretagne Airport (French: Aéroport de Brest Bretagne) (IATA: BES, ICAO: LFRB), formerly known as Brest Guipavas Airport, is an international airport serving Brest, France. It is located in the commune of Guipavas and 10.2 km (6.4 miles) northeast of Brest, within the département of Finistère.
Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun
Michael Edward Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun (born Michael Edward Lord; 22 July 1942 – 30 June 2012), was a British-Australian farmer, who is most noted because of the 2004 documentary Britain's Real Monarch, which alleged he was the rightful monarch of England instead of Queen Elizabeth II. From February 1960 until November 2002, he held the courtesy title Lord Mauchline.

Loudoun was born in England and educated at Ampleforth College in Yorkshire, but emigrated to Jerilderie, New South Wales, as a teen, where he was a rice farmer and family man. In Australia, he used the name Michael Hastings. He was the heir-general of George Plantagenet, the younger brother of Edward IV of England. If Edward IV had been illegitimate and the crown of England had descended by male-preference primogeniture before 1500, then George (and his heirs) would have been monarchs of England.

Ampleforth College
Ampleforth College is a co-educational fee-charging private boarding school. It opened in 1803 as a boys' school. It is near the village of Ampleforth, North Yorkshire, England, on the grounds of Benedictine monastery Ampleforth Abbey. The school is in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas, and lakes. The school has the oldest purpose-built school theatre in the United Kingdom, a dedicated student pub, and its own infirmary. It has received national attention for significant safeguarding failures.

St Laurence Educational Trust and the Ampleforth Abbey Trust are responsible for running Ampleforth College. Boarding fees were £46,740 for the school year 2024/2025.
Craig Alexander (cricketer)
Craig John Alexander (born 5 January 1987 in Cape Town) is a cricketer. He played in the 2004 and 2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cups and plays first-class cricket for Dolphins. Alexander previously played 5 seasons for Lions but moved to the Dolphins in 2012. He bowls right-arm fast and bats in the lower order. He was included in the KZN Inland squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. In August 2017, he was named in Stellenbosch Monarchs' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after.

In June 2018, he was named in the squad for the Highveld Lions team for the 2018–19 season. In September 2019, he was named in Boland's squad for the 2019–20 CSA Provincial T20 Cup.

Lions cricket team (South Africa)
The Lions cricket team is a professional cricket team based at Johannesburg in South Africa. The home venue is the Wanderers Stadium.

The team plays in the CSA 4-Day Series first class cricket competition as well as in the CSA One-Day Cup, and CSA T20 Challenge limited over competitions.
Pierre Olivier
Pierre J. J. Olivier (1936 – 16 December 2003) was a South African jurist and judge who served in the Supreme Court of Appeal from 1995 until his death in 2003. He was an advocate and silk in Bloemfontein until he was appointed to the bench in 1985 as a judge of the Orange Free State Provincial Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa. Before entering legal practice, he taught law at the University of Pretoria from 1961 to 1969 and at the University of the Orange Free State from 1969 to 1973; he specialised in private law.

Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)
The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA), formerly known as the Appellate Division, is the second-highest court of appeal in South Africa below the Constitutional Court. The country's apex court from 1910 to 1994, it no longer holds that position, having been displaced in constitutional matters by the Constitutional Court in 1994, and in all matters by 2013. It is located in Bloemfontein. Bloemfontein is often seen as, and has been traditionally referred to as, the "judicial capital" of South Africa because of the court, although the Constitutional Court is based in Johannesburg.
Miranpur, Sindh
Miranpur is a village in Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan.  The population was 3000 at the 2017 census.

The Miranpur  (Sindhi: ميرانپور) a Palh community village and Deh of Union Council Miranpur  of Naushahro Feroze District in the Pakistan Province of Sindh. It is a large village of Naushahro Feroze District. This village has basic facilities of rural areas with Basic Health Unit, High School, Primary School. and Post Office.

Naushahro Feroze
Naushahro Feroze  (Urdu: نوشہروفِيروز, Sindhi: نوشهرو فیروز) is the capital city of Naushahro Feroze District in Sindh province of Pakistan. The district is located at 26°50'0N 68°7'0E with an altitude of 38 metres (127 feet).

Naushahro Feroze District borders Khairpur District in the north-east, Dadu District to the west Indus river makes a natural boundary between the two districts, Larkana District in the north-west, and its south-east border is surrounded by Nawabshah District.

Languages spoken include Sindhi, Seraiki, Balochi, Urdu, Punjabi, Pushto, Bagri, Brohi, and others.
Sunderland City Council
Sunderland City Council is the local authority of Sunderland, a metropolitan borough with city status in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear in North East England. It is one of five such councils in Tyne and Wear and one of 36 in England. It provides the majority of local government services in Sunderland.

The council has been under Labour majority control since the formation of the metropolitan borough in 1974. It is based at City Hall on Plater Way. The council is a member of the North East Combined Authority.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Barunggam language
Barunggam (Murrumningama) is an extinct Pama-Nyungan Aboriginal language spoken by the Barunggam people of Queensland in Australia.
The Barunggam language shared many words with the neighboring languages, including Jarowair to the east, Wakka Wakka to the north and Mandandanji to the west. Kite and Wurm describe Barunggam as a dialect of Wakka Wakka.

Tindale gives the traditional lands for the Barunggam who spoke the language as:

"Headwaters of Condamine River east of Jackson to about Dalby; north about Charley Creek to Dividing Ranges and west to Wongorgera and Woleebee; south to Tara; at 165 Chinchilla and Jandowae. Their country is on the red soils south and west of the Dividing Range".

Wakka Wakka language
The Wakka Wakka language, also spelt Waga, or Wakawaka, is an extinct Pama–Nyungan language formerly spoken by the Wakka Wakka people, an Aboriginal Australian nation near Brisbane, Australia. Kaiabara/Gayabara, Nguwera/Ngoera, and Buyibara may be varieties or alternative names.
M (videocassette format)
M is the name of a professional analog videocassette format created around 1982 by Matsushita and RCA.  Developed as a competitor to Sony's Betacam format, M used the same videocassette (and the same oxide-formulated magnetic tape stock) as VHS, much the same way that Betacam was designed to take advantage of cheap and readily available Betamax videocassettes.

Panasonic
Panasonic Holdings Corporation is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturer, headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka, Japan. It was founded in 1918 as Matsushita Electric Housewares Manufacturing Works in the Fukushima ward of Osaka by Kōnosuke Matsushita. The company was incorporated in 1935 and renamed Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., and changed its name to Panasonic Corporation in 2008. In 2022, it reorganized as a holding company and adopted its current name.

In addition to consumer electronics, for which it was the world's largest manufacturer in the late 20th century, Panasonic produces a wide range of products and services, including rechargeable batteries, automotive and avionic systems, industrial equipment, as well as home renovation and construction. The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX 100 indices, with a secondary listing on the Nagoya Stock Exchange.
On2 Technologies
On2 Technologies, formerly known as The Duck Corporation, was a small publicly traded company (on the American Stock Exchange), founded in New York City in 1992 and headquartered in Clifton Park, New York, that designed video codec technology. It created a series of video codecs called TrueMotion (including TrueMotion S, TrueMotion 2, TrueMotion RT 2.0, TrueMotion VP3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8).

In February 2010, On2 Technologies was acquired by Google for an estimated $124.6 million.  On2's VP8 technology became the core of Google's WebM video file format.

Video codec
A video codec is software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video. In the context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder, while a device that only compresses is typically called an encoder, and one that only decompresses is a decoder.

The compressed data format usually conforms to a standard video coding format. The compression is typically lossy, meaning that the compressed video lacks some information present in the original video. A consequence of this is that decompressed video has lower quality than the original, uncompressed video because there is insufficient information to accurately reconstruct the original video.

There are complex relationships between the video quality, the amount of data used to represent the video (determined by the bit rate), the complexity of the encoding and decoding algorithms, sensitivity to data losses and errors, ease of editing, random access, and end-to-end delay (latency).
Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century
Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century is a 2017 nonfiction book by American journalist Jessica Bruder about the phenomenon of older Americans who, following the Great Recession from 2007 to 2009, adopted transient lifestyles traveling around the United States in search of seasonal work (vandwelling).

The book was adapted into the 2020 film of the same name, which was awarded the Academy Award for Best Picture.

Academy Award for Best Picture
The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards (also known as Oscars) presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) since the awards debuted in 1929. This award goes to the producers of the film and is the only category in which every member of the Academy is eligible to submit a nomination and vote on the final ballot. The Best Picture category is traditionally the final award of the night and is widely considered the most prestigious honor of the ceremony.

The Grand Staircase columns at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, where the Academy Awards ceremonies have been held since 2002, showcase every film that has won the Best Picture title since the award's inception. There have been 621 films nominated for Best Picture and 97 winners.
Oceanic whitetip shark
The oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) is a large requiem shark inhabiting the pelagic zone of tropical and warm temperate seas. It has a stocky body and iconic elongated rounded fins, with white tips. The species is typically solitary, though they may gather in large numbers at food concentrations. Bony fish and cephalopods are the main components of its diet and females give live birth.

Though slow-moving, the shark is opportunistic and aggressive, and is reputed to be dangerous to shipwreck survivors. The IUCN Red List considers the species to be critically endangered. As with other shark species, the whitetip faces mounting fishing pressure throughout its range, with recent studies show steeply declining populations as they are harvested for their fins and meat.

Viviparity
In animals, viviparity is the development of the embryo inside the body of the mother, with the maternal circulation providing for the metabolic needs of the embryo's development, until the mother gives birth to a fully or partially developed juvenile that is at least metabolically independent. This is opposed to oviparity, where the embryos develop independently outside the mother in eggs until they are developed enough to break out as hatchlings; and ovoviviparity, where the embryos are developed in eggs that remain carried inside the mother's body until the hatchlings emerge from the mother as juveniles, similar to a live birth.
Aed Abu Amro
Aed Abu Amro (Arabic: عائد أبو عمرو) is a Palestinian man from Zeitoun, Gaza. In 2018, a photo of him hurling a rock during the Great March of Return protest against Israeli blockade, taken by photojournalist Mustafa Hassona on 22 October 2018, went viral and became a symbol of Palestinian resistance. The photo has been compared to the 1830 French revolutionary painting Liberty Leading the People.

Zaytun Quarter
Al-Zaytun (also spelled Zeitoun or Harat az-Zaytoun; Arabic: الزيتون; Arabic translation: "the Quarter of Olive trees") is the southwestern and largest quarter of the Old City of Gaza. Prior to the demolition of the Old City's walls, it was one of the three walled quarters of Gaza's Old City, the other two being al-Tuffah in the northeast and al-Daraj in the northwest. Omar Mukhtar Street, Gaza City's main thoroughfare, separates al-Zaytun from al-Daraj.
Raiwind Ijtema
31°16′21″N 74°11′58″E﻿ / ﻿31.2726097°N 74.1995774°E﻿ / 31.2726097; 74.1995774
Raiwind Ijtema (Urdu: رائے ونڈ اجتماع) is an annual three-day congregation held at Raiwind Markaz, Lahore, Pakistan.

The congregation is attended by thousands of people from across the world every year. After Dua of last day, groups (Tablighi Jamaat) are formed that go to different parts of the world to preach, and the process continues until the next Ijtema.

Birth : 24 November 1941 - 4 Zilqada 1360 Monday

Raiwind Markaz
Raiwind Markaz (Punjabi: مرکز رائےونڈ ) is a complex consisting of a main mosque, Islamic madrasa, and residential areas located in Raiwind city, near Lahore, Pakistan, and is the home of the Tablighi Jamaat in Pakistan. It attracts many people to its yearly gathering, including international visitors.
MM Shahin
MM Shahin is a Bangladeshi politician, businessman, journalist, and former parliamentarian. He was elected a member of parliament from the Moulvibazar-2 (Kulaura Upazila) seat in the general elections of February 1996 and 2001.

February 1996 Bangladeshi general election
General elections were held in Bangladesh on 15 February 1996. They were boycotted by most opposition parties, and saw voter turnout drop to just 21%. The result was a victory for the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), which won 278 of the 300 directly elected seats. This administration was short-lived, however, only lasting 12 days before the installation of caretaker government and fresh elections held in June.

The elections were characterized by violence, as well as boycotts by major opposition parties.
Maple syrup mystery smell
From 2005 to 2009, residents of  New York City sporadically detected a mysterious sweet smell likened to maple syrup in the air, which was subsequently reported on by local blogs as well as The New York Times. The source was eventually found to be a Frutarom Industries Ltd. factory in neighboring New Jersey, which was processing fenugreek seeds, commonly used in maple syrup substitutes. The incidents were alluded to in a 2007 episode of the television show 30 Rock titled "Somebody to Love".

Fenugreek
Fenugreek (/ˈfɛnjʊɡriːk/; Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual plant in the family Fabaceae, with leaves consisting of three small obovate to oblong leaflets. It is cultivated worldwide as a semiarid crop. Its leaves and seeds are common ingredients in dishes from the Indian subcontinent, and have been used as a culinary ingredient since ancient times. Its use as a food ingredient in small quantities is safe.

Although a common dietary supplement, no significant clinical evidence suggests that fenugreek has therapeutic properties. Commonly used in traditional medicine, fenugreek can increase the risk of serious adverse effects, including allergic reactions.