hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constitution of Turkmenistan
The Constitution of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň Konstitusiýasy) adopted on 18 May 1992 is the supreme law of Turkmenistan (Article 5). In its preamble, the Constitution emphasizes self-determination for the Turkmen people, as well as the rule of law and rights for citizens. (See also Human rights in Turkmenistan).

The 1992 constitution was amended in 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2006. It was amended on 26 September 2008, abolishing the 2,500-member People's Council (Halk Maslahaty) and expanding the elected Assembly (Mejlis) from 65 to 125 members. A new constitution was adopted on 14 September, 2016. State Flag and Constitution Day is celebrated on 18 May.

Assembly of Turkmenistan
37°55′51″N 58°22′46″E﻿ / ﻿37.93083°N 58.37944°E﻿ / 37.93083; 58.37944

The Assembly (Turkmen: Mejlis) is the unicameral legislature of Turkmenistan. Between March 2021 and 21 January 2023, it was the lower house of the National Council of Turkmenistan. It consists of 125 members, who are elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies.
Nirvana (Nirvana album)
Nirvana is a greatest hits album by the American rock band Nirvana, released on October 29, 2002. It was the third Nirvana album released following the death of lead singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain in 1994.

The album includes songs from Nirvana's three studio albums, Bleach, Nevermind, and In Utero, and the live album MTV Unplugged in New York, along with the single, "Sliver," originally released in 1990 and later on the band's rarities compilation, Incesticide. Additionally, it includes the previously unreleased song "You Know You're Right", recorded in 1994 during Nirvana's final studio session. It also includes a version of "Been a Son" that was previously only available on a UK limited release, and the Scott Litt remix of "Pennyroyal Tea".

Nirvana opened at number three on the Billboard 200 with 234,001 copies sold. It has sold one million copies in the United States, and two million copies in Europe as of 2007.

Incesticide
Incesticide is the first compilation album by the American rock band Nirvana. It consists of their 1990 non-album single "Sliver",  including its B-side "Dive", along with demos, outtakes, and recordings from BBC Radio sessions. It was released on December 14, 1992, in Europe, and December 15, 1992, in the United States, between the band's breakthrough album Nevermind and their third album In Utero. The album reached number 39 on the Billboard 200.
2017 Rugby Championship
The 2017 Rugby Championship was the sixth edition of the expanded annual southern hemisphere Rugby Championship, featuring Argentina, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand. The competition is operated by SANZAAR, a joint venture of the four countries' national unions.

The tournament started on 19 August with Australia hosting reigning champions New Zealand and South Africa hosting Argentina. The tournament ran for eight weeks with two bye weeks, ending on 7 October when New Zealand visited South Africa and Australia played in Argentina.

The Rugby Championship
The Rugby Championship, formerly known as the Tri Nations Series (1996–2011), is an international rugby union competition contested by Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. These are traditionally the four highest-ranked national teams in the Southern Hemisphere.

The competition is administered by SANZAAR, a consortium consisting of four national governing bodies: the South African Rugby Union (SARU), New Zealand Rugby (NZR), Rugby Australia (RA) and the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The inaugural Tri Nations Series tournament was in 1996, and was won by New Zealand. South Africa won their first title in 1998, and Australia their first in 2000. Following the last Tri Nations Series tournament in 2011, New Zealand had won ten championships, with South Africa and Australia on three titles each. The first Rugby Championship was won by New Zealand, who won all six of their matches.
Rarities 1971–2003
Rarities 1971–2003 is a compilation album by the Rolling Stones that was released in 2005 worldwide by Virgin Records – as well as by the coffee-chain Starbucks in North America – and features a selection of rare and obscure material recorded between 1971 and 2003. The album peaked at No. 76 on the Billboard chart.

Several B-sides were included, such as "Fancy Man Blues", "Anyway You Look at It", "Wish I'd Never Met You", "Through the Lonely Nights", and the band's live rendition of Chuck Berry's "Let It Rock" from 1971.

Track 3, "Wild Horses" (live), from Stripped, and Tracks 6 and 15, taken from the 1981 compilation Sucking in the Seventies, appeared on previously released albums.

In the liner notes, Ronnie Wood acknowledges...

There are songs we've done for albums in the past that I've thought, oh, it's a shame that song didn't make the album. Then you get carried away with promoting it and you forget about it.

Stripped (Rolling Stones album)
Stripped is a live album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones released in November 1995 after the Voodoo Lounge Tour. It contains six live tracks and eight studio recordings. The live tracks were taken from four 1995 performances, at three small venues, and include a cover of Bob Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone", which was the first single from the album. The remaining eight tracks were acoustic studio re-recordings of songs from the Stones' previous catalogue, the exception being a cover of Willie Dixon's "Little Baby". The studio performances were recorded "live", i.e., without overdubs.
Ralph Eberhart
Ralph Edward "Ed" Eberhart (born December 6, 1946) is a retired four-star general in the United States Air Force (USAF). He served as the commander of North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and United States Northern Command, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado. He was in charge of NORAD during the September 11 attacks in 2001.

NORAD
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (commonly abbreviated to NORAD /ˈnɔːræd/ NΟR-ad; French: Commandement de la défense aérospatiale de l'Amérique du Nord; CDAAN) is a bi-national mutual defense organization in Canada and the United States. Established 12 September 1957 as the North American Air Defense Command, NORAD is headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado, which also serves as the headquarters of United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).

During World War II, Canada contacted the United States for protection from Nazi aggression. Later, during the beginning of the Cold War, the U.S. and Canada formed a permanent military alliance.

NORAD has three regions: the Alaskan region, the Canadian region, and the American Continental region. The administrative offices are located in New Mexico and Arizona. NORAD has an alternate command center called Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado. NORAD has a total of 1,000 soldiers, personnel and military dependents.
Danneskiold-Laurvig Mansion
The Danneskiold-Laurvig Mansion is a historic building situated at Store Kongensgade 68 in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It was built in association with the Moltke's Mansion in Bredgade on the other side of the block.

Moltke Mansion
The Moltke's Mansion is a town mansion on the corner of Bredgade and Dronningens Tværgade in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is one of several town mansions in Frederiksstaden, although it actually predates the neighbourhood by half a century. It was built for Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve between 1700 and 1702 and was originally known as Gyldenløve's Little Mansion (in contrast to his larger mansion, now known as Charlottenborg Palace, at Kongens Nytorv). It received its current name in 1842, after it was acquired by Adam Wilhelm Moltke, the first Danish Prime Minister under the Danish constitutional monarchy.

The Baroque mansion has rich sandstone decorations featuring elephants and lion heads and is also notable for its interior decorations by Erik Pauelsen.
Harry Potter in amusement parks
This article details the appearance of Harry Potter theming in amusement parks. In the late 1990s, Universal Destinations & Experiences began discussing the possibility of purchasing the license for Harry Potter to create and theme amusement park rides. As Time Warner owns the license, a small walkthrough attraction was constructed at Warner Bros. Movie World called the Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience in 2001. This attraction was removed two years later. In 2010, Universal Islands of Adventure park opened The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. Similar attractions have also opened in Universal Studios Hollywood, Universal Studios Japan and Universal Studios Beijing.

The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Studios Hollywood)
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is a themed area at Universal Studios Hollywood theme park near Los Angeles. The area is themed to the Harry Potter media franchise, adapting elements from the film series and novels by J.K. Rowling. The attraction—the second Harry Potter-themed area to exist at a Universal resort—was designed by Universal Creative from an exclusive license with Warner Bros. Entertainment.

After the successful debut of a similarly themed area at Universal Orlando Resort, Universal Destinations & Experiences announced the construction of a second Wizarding World of Harry Potter on December 6, 2011. The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Studios Hollywood officially began operation on April 7, 2016.
Mikusa Domain
Mikusa Domain (三草藩, Mikusa-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in Harima Province in what is now the southwestern portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around the Mikusa jin'ya which was located in what is now the city of Katō, Hyōgo. It was controlled by a cadet branch fudai daimyō Niwa clan throughout its history.

Harima Province
Harima Province (播磨国, Harima no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [haꜜ.ɾʲi.ma (no kɯ.ɲi)]) or Banshū (播州) was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is the southwestern part of present-day Hyōgo Prefecture. Harima bordered on Tajima, Tanba, Settsu, Bizen, and Mimasaka Provinces.  Its capital was Himeji.

During the Edo period of Japanese history, the Akō Domain (fief) was part of Harima. The Forty-seven rōnin were samurai of Akō han.  IHI Corporation, a shipbuilder and major Boeing engine subcontractor gets its name from the province.
Music as a coping strategy
Music as a coping strategy involves the use of music (through listening or playing music) in order to reduce stress, as well as many of the psychological and physical manifestations associated with it. The use of music to cope with stress is an example of an emotion-focused, adaptive coping strategy. Rather than focusing on the stressor itself, music therapy is typically geared towards reducing or eliminating the emotions that arise in response to stress. In essence, advocates of this therapy claim that the use of music helps to lower stress levels in patients, as well as lower more biologically measurable quantities such as the levels of epinephrine and cortisol. Additionally, music therapy programs have been repeatedly demonstrated to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in the long term.

Coping
Coping refers to the application of coping mechanisms, conscious and unconscious cognitions that people use to manage unpleasant emotions, stress and anxiety. Coping mechanisms can be adaptive, meaning that they successfully improve the well-being of the person applying them, or maladaptive, meaning they may manage a specific unpleasant emotion, but at the expense of other aspects of one's mental and/or physical health.
2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota
The 2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota was held on November 3, 2020, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of Minnesota, concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the U.S. Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and other state and local elections. Some Republican pundits and strategists believed Minnesota to be a potential pickup opportunity due to its perceived increasingly favorable demographics and unexpectedly close result in the 2016 presidential election, along with potential backlash from the 2020 George Floyd protests, originating after the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis. However, every poll showed incumbent Democratic Senator Tina Smith in the lead by varying degrees.

Smith was reelected to a full term in office by a margin of 5.2 points, making this the closest Senate election in Minnesota since 2008. The primary took place on August 11.

2020 Minnesota elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 3, 2020. All seats in the Minnesota Senate and Minnesota House of Representatives were up for election as well as several judicial seats, Minnesota's 10 presidential electors, a United States Senate seat, Minnesota's eight seats in the United States House of Representatives, and several positions for local offices. A primary election to nominate major party candidates and several judicial and local primary elections were held on August 11, 2020.
Sodre National Auditorium
The National Auditorium of Sodre Dr. Adela Reta is a venue located in Montevideo, Uruguay. It is named after the lawyer, former minister and president of the Official Service of Broadcasting, Television and Entertainment, Adela Reta (1921–2001).

On August 29, 2019, the Ministry of Education and Culture, through the National Cultural Heritage Commission, designated the Auditorio Nacional del Sodre as a Historical Monument of Uruguay.

It is located in the old Urquiza Theater building, which caught fire on September 18, 1971. In addition, it is the home of the National Ballet of Uruguay.

National Ballet of Uruguay
The National Ballet of Uruguay is a Uruguayan ballet company that was founded in 1935 in Montevideo. It is the public body in charge of developing the professional classical ballet in Uruguay, it is under the administration of the Official Service of Broadcasting, Television and Entertainment (SODRE).
Zombi (band)
Zombi is an American electronic music duo from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, consisting of Steve Moore on bass and synthesizers and Anthony Paterra on drums. The group makes use of looping to create multi-layered compositions. They have toured with Don Caballero, Isis, Orthrelm, The Psychic Paramount, Daughters, Red Sparowes, These Arms Are Snakes, Trans Am, and Goblin.

They are currently signed to Relapse Records. In 2006, the band signed with Belgian record label Hypertension Records to release Surface to Air on vinyl.

Moore was previously a member of Microwaves, a metal/no-wave band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and has toured with Red Sparowes. Paterra is a former member of the Pittsburgh band The 1985.

Their song "Sapphire" was remixed by Norwegian DJ/producer Prins Thomas.

Red Sparowes
Red Sparowes is an American, Los Angeles-based post-rock band, comprising current and former members of Isis, Marriages, The Nocturnes, Halifax Pier, Angel Hair and Pleasure Forever. Their sound is characteristic of soundscape-influenced experimental rock, with an otherwise uncommon extensive use of a pedal steel guitar.
Colorado State Highway 45
State Highway 45 (SH 45), also known as Pueblo Boulevard, is an expressway in the city of Pueblo. It is 9.126 miles (14.687 km) long. Its southern terminus is  at Interstate 25 (I-25) and its northern terminus is U.S. Route 50 (US 50). Plans are waiting to be approved to expand the expressway to six lanes, build a new interchange with US 50, and fix lane narrowing.

Interstate 25 in Colorado
In the US state of Colorado, Interstate 25 (I-25) follows the north–south corridor through Colorado Springs and Denver. The highway enters the state from the north near Carr and exits the state near Starkville. The highway also runs through the cities of Fort Collins, Broomfield, Loveland, and Pueblo. The route is concurrent with U.S. Route 87 (US 87), which is unsigned, through the entire length of the state. I-25 replaced US 87 and most of US 85 for through traffic.

Historical nicknames for this route have included the Valley Highway (through Denver), Monument Valley Highway (through Colorado Springs), and the Pueblo Freeway (through Pueblo). Within El Paso County, the route has been dedicated as the Ronald Reagan Highway. In Pueblo County, the route is called John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway.

I-25 is also considered to be part of the unofficial Pan-American Highway.
International Olympiad in Informatics
The International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) is an annual competitive programming competition and one of the International Science Olympiads for secondary school students. The first IOI was held in 1989 in Pravetz, Bulgaria.

Each country sends a team of up to four students, plus one team leader, one deputy leader, and guests. Students in each country are selected for their country's team through national computing contests. Students at the IOI compete on an individual basis. There is no official team ranking.

The contest consists of two days of solving six complicated algorithmic tasks by writing computer programs in C++. All task materials are published on each year's contest website soon after the competition ends.

International Science Olympiad
The International Science Olympiads are a group of worldwide annual competitions in various areas of the formal sciences, natural sciences, and social sciences. The competitions are designed for the 4-6 best high school students from each participating country selected through internal National Science Olympiads, with the exception of the IOL, which allows two teams per country, the IOI, which allows two teams from the hosting country, and the IJSO, which is designed for junior secondary students and also allows two teams from the hosting country. Early editions of the first Olympiads were limited to the Eastern Bloc, but later they gradually spread to other countries.
Schaumburg, Illinois
Schaumburg (/ˈʃɔːmbɜːrɡ/ SHAWM-burg) is a village in Cook and DuPage counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. At the 2020 census, the population was 78,723, making Schaumburg the most populous incorporated village in the United States. Schaumburg is around 26 miles (42 km) northwest of downtown Chicago and 10 miles (16 km) northwest of O'Hare International Airport. It is part of the Golden Corridor.

Schaumburg's transition from a rural community to a suburban city began with Alfred Campanelli's first large-scale suburban-style development in 1959 and Woodfield Mall's opening in 1971. Schaumburg is bordered by Hoffman Estates and Palatine to the north, Inverness in northwest, Streamwood to the west, Hanover Park to the southwest, Roselle to the south, Elk Grove Village to the southeast, and Rolling Meadows to the northeast.

Hanover Park, Illinois
Hanover Park is a village in Cook and DuPage counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. A suburb of Chicago, the population was 37,470 at the 2020 census. Ontarioville is a neighborhood within the village.
Großheringen–Saalfeld railway
The Großheringen–Saalfeld railway, also known as the Saalbahn ("Saale Railway"), is a 153 kilometre-long double-track main line in the German state of Thuringia. It connects the Thuringian Railway (German: Thüringer Bahn) at Großheringen (near Naumburg) with the Franconian Forest Railway (Frankenwaldbahn) at Saalfeld and is part of the north–south main line, Munich–Nuremberg–Halle / Leipzig–Berlin. It is electrified at 15 kV. 16.7 Hz.

Hochstadt-Marktzeuln–Probstzella railway
The Hochstadt-Marktzeuln–Probstzella railway (also called in German the Frankenwaldbahn, "Franconian Forest Railway"), route no. KBS 840, is an 88 kilometre long, electrified, double-tracked main line from Lichtenfels via Kronach to Saalfeld. It is part of the Munich–Nuremberg–Bam­berg–Jena–Halle/Leipzig–Berlin trunk route. It was completed in October 1885.

The Franconian Forest line branches off from the Ludwig South-North Railway at Marktzeuln. Climbing the ramps from Pressig-Rothenkirchen and Probstzella to Steinbach am Wald the line ascends the heights of the Franconian Forest (Frankenwald). The ramps have a maximum incline of 29 ‰ and, even today, heavy goods trains require an additional banking locomotive at the front or rear of the train.
Diego Laynez
Diego Laynez, S.J. (1512 – 19 January 1565; first name sometimes translated James, Jacob; surname also spelled Laines, Lainez, Laínez) was a Spanish Jesuit priest and theologian, a New Christian (of converted Jewish descent), and the second Superior General of the Society of Jesus after the founder Ignatius of Loyola. He was born in Almazán and died in Rome.

Superior general of the Society of Jesus
The superior general of the Society of Jesus is the leader of the Society of Jesus, the Catholic religious order also known as the Jesuits. He is generally addressed as Father General. The position sometimes carries the nickname of the Black Pope, because of his responsibility for the largest male religious order, in contrast with the white garb of the pope. The thirty-first and current superior general is Fr Arturo Sosa, elected by the 36th General Congregation on 14 October 2016.
Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state
In physics, in the area of quantum information theory, a Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state is an entangled quantum state that involves at least three subsystems (particle states, qubits, or qudits). Named for the three authors that first described this state, the GHZ state predicts outcomes from experiments that directly contradict predictions by every classical local hidden-variable theory. The state has applications in quantum computing.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.