hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schloss Rosenau (painting)
Schloss Rosenau is an 1841 landscape painting by the British artist J. M. W. Turner. It depicts a view of Schloss Rosenau in Coburg in Germany. The castle was the birthplace and ancestral home of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Turner sketched the castle on his journey back from Venice in 1840 and then worked up the scene into an oil painting.

It was produced the year that Albert married Queen Victoria. Turner may have hoped the couple would buy the painting, but they did not. It was displayed at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1841 at the National Gallery in London. It was subsequently bought by Joseph Gillott. Today it is in the collection of the National Museums Liverpool at Sudley House.

The painting demonstrates Turner's interest in light, with his depiction of the sun and its reflection on the water. The castle is on the right seen through the haze.

Sudley House
53°22′25″N 2°55′17″W﻿ / ﻿53.3735°N 2.9214°W﻿ / 53.3735; -2.9214

Sudley House is a historic house in Aigburth, Liverpool, England. Built in 1824 and much modified in the 1880s, it is now a museum and art gallery which contains the collection of George Holt, a shipping-line owner and former resident, in its original setting. It includes work by Thomas Gainsborough, Joshua Reynolds, Edwin Landseer, John Everett Millais and J. M. W. Turner.

The house was bequeathed to the city of Liverpool by Holt's daughter, Emma Georgina Holt, in 1944 and is managed by National Museums Liverpool.
Kristjan Jaak Peterson
Kristjan Jaak Peterson (14 March [O.S. 2 March] 1801, Riga – 4 August [O.S. 23 July] 1822, Riga), also known as Christian Jacob Petersohn, was an Estonian poet, commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and the founder of modern Estonian poetry.

His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as Mother Tongue Day.

Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia.

Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g. Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century.

There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians worldwide, with the majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Chivay
Chivay is a town in the Colca valley, capital of the Caylloma province in the Arequipa region, Peru. Located at about 3,600 m above sea level (12,000 ft), it lies upstream of the renowned Colca Canyon. It has a central town square and an active market. Ten km to the east, and 1,500 metres above the town of Chivay lies the Chivay obsidian source.

Thermal springs are located 3 km from town; a number of heated pools have been constructed. A stone "Inca" bridge crosses the Colca River ravine, just to the north of the town. The town is a popular staging point for tourists visiting Condor Cross or Cruz Del Condor, where condors can be seen catching thermal uplifts a few kilometres downstream.

Chivay obsidian source
The Chivay obsidian source (15.6423° S, 71.5355° W, 4972 masl) is the geological origin of a chemically distinct type of obsidian that is found throughout the south-central Andean highlands including southern Peru and western Bolivia. Obsidian of this type is also known as the Cotallalli type or the Titicaca Basin type.

Studies have shown that up to 90% of artifacts from the Lake Titicaca Basin were made using obsidian from this source.  These chemical characterization studies were performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) techniques.

Obsidian from the Chivay source is found in large and homogeneous nodules in a high altitude volcanic crater approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the east of the town of Chivay in the Colca Valley (Caylloma, Arequipa, Peru).
Turner, Michigan
Turner is a village in Arenac County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 121 at the 2020 census, which ranks Turner as the second least-populated incorporated municipality in the state after the village of Forestville.  The village is located within Turner Township.

Turner Township, Michigan
Turner Township is a civil township of Arenac County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 519. The villages of Turner and the eastern portion of Twining are located within the township.
The Weary Kind
"The Weary Kind" (full title "The Weary Kind (Theme from Crazy Heart)") is a country song written by Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett for the film Crazy Heart, a 2009 film directed by Scott Cooper starring Jeff Bridges and Maggie Gyllenhaal. Colin Farrell and Bridges perform renditions of the song in the film. Bingham and his Dead Horses serve as Bridges' backing band in the film.

The official version on the soundtrack album Crazy Heart: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is performed by Ryan Bingham. Jeff Bridges sang a live version during his interview with Peter Travers on ABC News Now. The song was later included as the last track on Bingham's 2010 album Junky Star.

T Bone Burnett
Joseph Henry "T Bone" Burnett III (born January 14, 1948) is an American record producer, guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He was a guitarist in Bob Dylan's band during the 1970s. Burnett has won several Grammy Awards for his work on film soundtracks, namely O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), Cold Mountain (2004), Walk the Line (2005), and Crazy Heart (2010). He won another Grammy for producing the album Raising Sand (2007), in which he united the contemporary bluegrass of Alison Krauss with the blues rock of Led Zeppelin lead vocalist Robert Plant.

Burnett has been credited with early career mentorship of musical acts such as Counting Crows, Los Lobos, Sam Phillips, and Gillian Welch, and with revitalizing the careers of Gregg Allman and Roy Orbison. He produced for television programs including Nashville and True Detective. He has released several solo studio albums as a producer, including Tooth of Crime (2008), which he wrote for a revival of the namesake play by Sam Shepard.
Jean-Baptiste Grange
Jean-Baptiste Grange (born 10 October 1984) is a French retired World Cup alpine ski racer. He competed primarily in slalom and earlier also in giant slalom and combined.

Born in Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, Savoie, Grange grew up in Valloire, Galibier, and made his World Cup debut at age 19 in January 2004. In February 2007, he won the bronze medal in the slalom at the 2007 World Championships in Åre, Sweden. He won his first World Cup race on 17 December 2007, and won the 2009 season title in the slalom. Injured in early December 2009 in a giant slalom at Beaver Creek, he opted for surgery and missed the remainder of the 2010 season, which included the 2010 Winter Olympics. He returned to competition for the 2011 season and won the world championship in the slalom. He won his second slalom world title in Beaver Creek on 15 February 2015.

His older brother is François-Cyrille Grange, also an alpine ski racer.

Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ də mɔʁjɛn] ⓘ; Arpitan: Sent-Jian-de-Môrièna or Sant-Jian-de-Môrièna; Italian: San Giovanni di Moriana) is a subprefecture of the Savoie department, in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (formerly Rhône-Alpes), in southeastern France.

It lies in the Maurienne, the valley of the river Arc. It was also an Episcopal See of Savoy during the Ancien Régime and again from 1825 to 1966. Its original name was simply Maurienne, or Moriana in Italian and Latin.
Mario Lozano
Mario Lozano (born 1969/70) is a United States Army specialist, best known for once being indicted by an Italian court for his role in the death of Italian Secret Service officer Nicola Calipari in a supposed incident on Route Irish, immediately following the rescue of Giuliana Sgrena. Lozano was not the only American soldier involved in this incident, but received much more attention because he was the one who fired the machine gun killing Calipari. He was assigned to the 1st Battalion of the 69th Infantry Regiment, 42nd Infantry Division of the New York Army National Guard, based in Manhattan.

In 2007, a superior Italian court decided that Italy had no jurisdiction in this case—though renewed, this motivation has been since dubbed as wrong by the High Jury Italian court in 2008.

SISMI
Servizio per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza Militare (SISMI; English: Military Intelligence and Security Service, lit. 'Service for the Information of Military Safety') was the military intelligence agency of Italy from 1977 to 2007.

With the reform of the Italian Intelligence Services approved on 1 August 2007, SISMI was replaced by Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Esterna (AISE).
Zeos Pocket PC
The Zeos Pocket PC is a palmtop PC marketed by Zeos International beginning in 1992. The palmtop features an NEC V30 clocked at 7.15 MHz, came shipped with MS-DOS 5.0 in ROM, and has a monochrome LCD capable of displaying graphics at maximum resolution of 640×200 (CGA). These features make the Pocket PC compatible with most IBM PC software out at the time of its release. The Pocket PC is a badge-engineered version of the Tidalwave PS-1000, manufactured by Tidalwave Microtech of Taiwan. It sought to compete with the Poqet PC, another PC-compatible palmtop computer.

Zeos
Zeos International, Ltd. (stylized as ZEŌS), was a PC manufacturer based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Originally based in New Brighton, Minnesota, and founded by Gregory E. Herrick, the company incorporated in Minnesota in 1981.  Prior to manufacturing PCs, the company was called NPC Electronics. NPC was a contract assembly business best known for developing a transmitter device called Radio Realty. Marketed primarily to real estate brokers, this product enabled prospective home buyers to tune in and listen to prerecorded information about a property listing while parked in front of the dwelling. Radio Realty was divested in the early 1980s as NPC started developing, manufacturing, and selling PCs under the Zeos name. The company went public in mid-1985 by self-underwriting, and officially changed its name from NPC Electronics to Zeos International.
Yordan Bozov
Yordan Bozov (Bulgarian: Йордан Бозов, born 25 January 1979) is a former Bulgarian professional basketball player, who last played for Rilski Sportist. Bozov has represented the national team of his country.

Bulgaria men's national basketball team
The Bulgaria men's national basketball team (Bulgarian: Български национален отбор по баскетбол, romanized: Bălgarski natsionalen otbor po basketbol) represents Bulgaria in international basketball. The governing body is the Bulgarian Basketball Federation.

Bulgaria's first appearance at an international tournament came at the EuroBasket in 1935. They have reached the premier European basketball competition 25 times, with their best results coming in 1957 as the runners-up on home soil, and their bronze medal finish in 1961 respectively. Bulgaria has also qualified for the FIBA World Cup, where they finished seventh in their lone appearance in 1959. Competing at the Olympic Games multiple times, the national team had their top performance in 1956. Bulgaria has also competed at smaller events, such as the Balkan Championship, winning gold medals in 1959, 1960, and 1971.
Hurter and Driffield
Ferdinand Hurter (1844–1898) and Vero Charles Driffield (1848–1915) were nineteenth-century photographic scientists who brought quantitative scientific practice to photography through the methods of sensitometry and densitometry.

Among their other innovations was a photographic exposure estimation device known as an actinograph.

Sensitometry
Sensitometry is the scientific study of light-sensitive materials, especially photographic film. The study has its origins in the work by Ferdinand Hurter and Vero Charles Driffield (circa 1876) with early black-and-white emulsions. They determined how the density of silver produced varied with the amount of light received, and the method and time of development.
Isuto
Isuto is an administrative ward in the Mbeya Rural district of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 15,383 people in the ward, from 13,958 in 2012.: 97-98 : 113

Mbeya Rural District
Mbeya Rural District is one of the seven districts of Mbeya Region, Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by Mbarali District and Chunya District, to the south by Mbeya Urban District and Rungwe District, to the east by Iringa Region and to the west by Mbozi District.

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 336,498 people in the district, from 305,319 in 2012.
John Moore (civil servant)
Sir John Michael Moore, KCVO, CB, DSC (2 April 1921 – 20 June 2016) was a British civil servant. Educated at Selwyn College, Cambridge, he served in the Royal Navy during the Second World War. He entered the civil service in 1946 and joined the Ministry of Transport, where he was Joint Principal Private Secretary to the Minister from 1956 to 1959, an Assistant Secretary from 1959 to 1966 and then an Under-Secretary; four years later moved to the Department of the Environment, and then to the Civil Service Department in 1972 as a Deputy Secretary. Between 1978 and 1983, he was the Second Crown Estate Commissioner.

Moore was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1974 and a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1983.

1974 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1974 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were published on 7 June 1974 for the United Kingdom, Australia (for Papua New Guinea), New Zealand, Mauritius, Fiji, the Bahamas, and Grenada.

At this time honours for Australians were still being awarded in the UK honours on the advice of the premiers of Australian states. The Australian honours system began with the 1975 Queen's Birthday Honours.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.
Golden Howdah
The Golden Howdah,'ಚಿನ್ನದ ಅಂಬಾರಿ'(elephant seat or Chinnada Ambari in Kannada) is a howdah, the carrier mounted on the leading elephant during the Jamboo Savari (Elephant Procession) of the famous Mysore Dasara. In 2025, 60-year-old elephant Abhimanyu carried the Golden Howdah in the procession for the sixth and final time.

Abhimanyu (elephant)
Abhimanyu (born c. 1964) is a male Asian elephant who, from 2020, has been the lead elephant and the carrier of the Golden Howdah at the Mysore Dasara. Since 1985, he has been a lead Kumki elephant, playing a role in more than 300 elephant captures and more than 80 tiger captures across India, and captured 90% of Karnataka elephants. He was set to retire in 2025 from Golden Howdah and Kumki operations.

Abhimanyu resides in Mathigodu Elephant Camp.
Valona, Georgia
Valona is an unincorporated community in McIntosh County, Georgia, United States. The community is located on the inland side of the Intracoastal Waterway 9.2 miles (14.8 km) north-northeast of Darien.

McIntosh County, Georgia
McIntosh County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,975, a drop of 23.4 percent since the 2010 census. The county seat is Darien.

McIntosh County is included in the Brunswick, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (JEA) is a bi-annual peer-reviewed international academic journal published by the Egypt Exploration Society. Covering Egyptological research, the JEA publishes scholarly articles, fieldwork reports, and reviews of books on Egyptology. Articles are mainly published in English, with contributions in German or French accepted where suitable.

The JEA was established in 1914 by the Egypt Exploration Fund. Its editors have included several prominent Egyptologists, including Alan Gardiner (1916–21, 1934, 1941–46); T. Eric Peet (1923–1934) and Battiscombe Gunn (1935–1939). The current (2021) editor-in-chief is Claudia Näser of University College London.

Alan Gardiner
Sir Alan Henderson Gardiner, FBA (29 March 1879 – 19 December 1963) was an English Egyptologist, linguist, philologist, and independent scholar. He is regarded as one of the premier Egyptologists of the early and mid-20th century.
Wikipedia logo
The logo of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia depicts a white, incomplete globe-shaped jigsaw puzzle, each jigsaw piece inscribed with a glyph from a different writing system. As displayed on the web pages of the English-language edition of the project, there is the wordmark "WIKIPEDIA" (styled as WikipediA (in small caps, with the leading W and trailing A taller than the other letters)) beside the globe, and below that, the text "The Free Encyclopedia" in the open-source Linux Libertine font.

The unfinished puzzle symbolizes the project's state as a perpetual work in progress.

Wikipedia Monument
The Wikipedia Monument (Polish: Pomnik Wikipedii), located in Słubice, Poland, is a statue designed by Armenian sculptor Mihran Hakobyan honoring Wikipedia contributors. It was unveiled in Frankfurt Square (Plac Frankfurcki) on 22 October 2014 in a ceremony that included representatives from both local Wikimedia chapters and the Wikimedia Foundation.
Codroy
Codroy  is a community in the Codroy Valley of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

It is a village with about 258 inhabitants, with most living in homes along Newfoundland and Labrador Route 406, the main road in the community.

Newfoundland and Labrador Route 406
Route 406, also known as Codroy Road, is a highway on the western portion of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is a relatively short route, with its eastern terminus at Route 1 (Trans-Canada Highway) in the community of Doyles, and its western terminus at Cape Anguille. The route travels through the scenic Codroy Valley region.
Sürekli, Yüksekova
Sürekli (Kurdish: Bêsitkê) is a village in the Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Doski tribe and had a population of 113 in 2023.

Sürekli has the three hamlets of Dağlıca, Erbaş and Tarlacık attached to it.

Yüksekova District
Yüksekova District is a district in the Hakkâri Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city Yüksekova. Its area is 2,547 km2 and had a population of 121,969 people in 2023. It borders Iran to the east, and Kurdistan Region of Iraq to the south.
Halo (religious iconography)
A halo (from Ancient Greek  ἅλως, hálōs, 'threshing floor, disk'), also called a nimbus, aureole, glory or gloriole (Latin: gloriola, lit. 'little glory'), is a crown of light rays, circle or disk of light that surrounds a person in works of art.  The halo occurs in the iconography of many religions to indicate holy or sacred figures, and has at various periods also been used in images of rulers and heroes. In the religious art of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism (among other religions), sacred people may be depicted with a halo in the form of a circular glow, or flames in Asian art, around the head or around the whole body—this last form is often called a mandorla.

Halos may be shown as almost any colour or combination of colours, but are most often depicted as golden, yellow or white (when representing light) or as red (when representing flames). The earliest artistic depictions of halos were probably in Ancient Egyptian art.

Christ in Majesty
Christ in Majesty or Christ in Glory (Latin: Maiestas Domini) is the Western Christian image of Christ seated on a throne as ruler of the world, always seen frontally in the centre of the composition, and often flanked by other sacred figures, whose membership changes over time and according to the context. The image develops from Early Christian art, as a depiction of the Heavenly throne as described in 1 Enoch, Daniel 7, and The Apocalypse of John. In the Byzantine world, the image developed slightly differently into the half-length Christ Pantocrator, "Christ, Ruler of All", a usually unaccompanied figure, and the Deesis, where a full-length enthroned Christ is entreated by Mary and St. John the Baptist, and often other figures. In the West, the evolving composition remains very consistent within each period until the Renaissance, and then remains important until the end of the Baroque, in which the image is ordinarily transported to the sky.
Moodupadam
Moodupadam is a 1963 Malayalam language film directed by Ramu Kariat and scripted by K. T. Muhammed based on S. K. Pottekkatt's novel of the same name. Sathyan and Ambika play the lead roles. It is a social film about the relationship between three major religious faiths in Kerala, Hindu, Muslim and Christian.

S. K. Pottekkatt
Sankarankutty Kunjiraman Pottekkatt (14 March 1913 – 6 August 1982) was an Indian writer of Malayalam literature, traveller, and politician from Kerala. Best known for his travelogues, he has authored nearly 60 books, which include 10 novels, 24 collections of short stories, three anthologies of poems, 18 travelogues, four plays, a collection of essays and a couple of books based on personal reminiscences.

He is a recipient of Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel, Sahitya Akademi Award and the Jnanpith Award. His works have been translated into English, Italian, Russian, German and Czech, besides all major Indian languages.
The Treasure of the Aztecs
The Treasure of the Aztecs (German: Der Schatz der Azteken) is a 1965 western adventure film directed by Robert Siodmak and starring Lex Barker, Gérard Barray and Michèle Girardon. It was made as a co-production between France, Italy and West Germany. It was based on a novel by Karl May, part of a boom in adaptations of the author's works during the decade. It was followed by a second part The Pyramid of the Sun God (1965).

It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin and on location in Barcelona and Yugoslavia. The film sets were designed by the art directors Hertha Hareiter and Otto Pischinger. It was made in Eastmancolor.

Otto Pischinger
Otto Pischinger (1919–1976) was an Austrian art director who designed the sets for a large number of films during his career. In 1955 he worked on The Last Ten Days. He was married to Hertha Hareiter, also an art director, until his death.
Louis Paulhan
Isidore Auguste Marie Louis Paulhan (French: [pɔlɑ̃]; 19 July 1883 – 10 February 1963), was a French aviator. He is known for winning the first Daily Mail aviation prize for the first flight between London and Manchester in 1910.

Saint-Jean-de-Luz
Saint-Jean-de-Luz (French: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ d(ə) lyz]; Basque: Donibane Lohitzune, locally Donibane Lohizune [doniˈβane lohiˈs̻une]) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, southwestern France.
Saint-Jean-de-Luz is part of the former Basque province of Labourd (Lapurdi).