hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Freezes Over
"Freezes Over" is a four-issue Hellblazer story arc written by Brian Azzarello and drawn by artist Marcelo Frusin published by DC Comics under its Vertigo imprint. The story tells of John Constantine, an infamous English occult detective and con man, during one of his travels in the backbone of the United States. There he gets entangled in a saloon situation while seeking shelter from a strong blizzard. Eventually this leads to murder and a revelation of a local urban myth.

One of the most well known run of the series, author Brian Azzarello was nominated for an Eisner Award together with his other influential work, 100 Bullets. The story is notable for bringing back the series trademark horror roots, while bringing themes such as social distrust, suspenseful myth, mystery, and murder.

100 Bullets
100 Bullets is an American comic book published by DC Comics under its Vertigo imprint. Written by Brian Azzarello and illustrated by Eduardo Risso, the comic book ran for 100 issues over ten years (1999 to 2009) and won the Eisner Award and Harvey Award. A sequel, 100 Bullets: Brother Lono was released in 2014, and a further entry in the series, 100 Bullets: The US of Anger, was announced in 2025.
A Public Affair (song)
"A Public Affair" is a song by American singer Jessica Simpson. It was co-written by Simpson and produced by Lester Mendez, for Simpson's fourth studio album of the same title. It was released as the album's first single (second overall) on June 29, 2006, by Epic Records. The synth-pop track samples the composition of "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" by Diana Ross. The song’s lyrical content speaks about having fun with friends.

"A Public Affair" received generally positive reviews from critics. It was likened by critics to the Madonna song "Holiday" and to songs by Janet Jackson. The song reached the top 10 in Canada, Ireland and Scotland and made the top 20 in US, Australia and UK. The song also topped the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, becoming Simpson's first number one on the chart. The song ranked at number 51 on Top 100 Pop Songs of 2006 by About.com.

Ain't No Mountain High Enough
"Ain't No Mountain High Enough" is a song written by American singers and songwriters Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson in 1966 for the Tamla label, a division of Motown. The composition was first successful as a 1967 hit single recorded by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell, and became a hit again in 1970 when recorded by former Supremes frontwoman Diana Ross. The song became Ross's first solo number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.
Bangué
Bangué (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɐ̃ˈɡɛ]) is a small sandy barrier island in the Bazaruto Archipelago of southern Mozambique, situated between Magaruque Island and the São Sebastião Peninsula to the south. Formed through wave action later than the other islands of the archipelago, it is a largely barren dune island with limited vegetation and no permanent inhabitants. It is occasionally visited by local fishermen and various seabirds. The islet is part of Bazaruto Archipelago National Park, and its surrounding waters form a vital habitat for dugong and sea turtles.

Magaruque Island
Magaruque Island (Portuguese pronunciation: [maɡaˈɾukɨ]), formerly Ilha Santa Isabel, is part of the Bazaruto Archipelago, off the coast of Mozambique. It is located 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) south of Benguerra Island, and 9.9 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of Ponta Chuè on the mainland of Mozambique.

The island is 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) long north-south, and up to 1.0 km (0.62 mi) wide. Its area is less than 2 km2 (0.77 sq mi).
Bagdogra
Bagdogra (Bengali pronunciation: [baɡdoɡra]), is a settlement in the Naxalbari CD block in the Siliguri subdivision of the Darjeeling district, in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the Greater Siliguri Metropolitan Area. Bagdogra is well connected by air to six major cities of India – Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Chennai  through the Bagdogra Airport. The Bagdogra railway station is also well connected.

Siliguri
Siliguri (/sɪˈliˌɡʊri/, Bengali pronunciation: [ʃiliɡuɽi];  ⓘ), also known as Shiliguri, is a major tier-II city in West Bengal. It forms the Twin Cities with the neighbouring city of Jalpaiguri. The city spans areas of the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in the Indian state of West Bengal. Known as the "Gateway of Northeast India", It is located on the banks of the Mahananda in the foothills of the Himalayas. Siliguri is the third largest urban agglomeration in West Bengal, after Kolkata and Asansol.

Siliguri has great strategic importance in West Bengal, with convenient access to three international borders: Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. It also connects the North-East with mainland India. Located in the foothills of Eastern Himalayas, Siliguri is a significant trading and transportation hub.
Susan Broomhall
Susan Broomhall FAHA is an Australian historian and academic. She is an Australian Research Council Future Fellow and Professor of History at The University of Western Australia, and from 2018 Co-Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotions (CHE). She was a Foundation Chief Investigator (CI) in the 'Shaping the Modern' Program of the Centre, before commencing her Australian Research Council Future Fellowship within CHE in October 2014, and the Acting Director in 2011. She is a specialist in gender history and the history of emotions.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
Ayesha Durrani
Ayesha Durrani, also known as Aisha-i-Durani and Aisha Durrani (18th-century) was an Afghan poet, one of the wives of Timur Shah Durrani of the Durrani Empire. A number of her poems were compiled into a manuscript in 1882, and Durrani is credited with founding the first school for girls in Afghanistan.

Timur Shah Durrani
Timur Shah Durrani (born Timur Khan Abdali; December 1746 – 20 May 1793) was the second ruler of the Afghan Durrani Empire, from November 1772 until his death in 1793. An ethnic Pashtun, he was the second eldest son of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Grob fragmentation
A Grob fragmentation is an elimination reaction that breaks a neutral aliphatic chain into three fragments: a positive ion spanning atoms 1 and 2 (the "electrofuge"), an unsaturated neutral fragment spanning positions 3 and 4, and a negative ion (the "nucleofuge") comprising the rest of the chain.

For example, the positive ion may be a carbenium, carbonium or acylium ion; the neutral fragment could be an alkene, alkyne, or imine; and the negative fragment could be a tosyl or hydroxyl ion:

The reaction is named for the Swiss chemist Cyril A. Grob.

Alternately, atom 1 could begin as an anion, in which case it becomes neutral rather than going from neutral to cationic.

Elimination reaction
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction.  The numbers refer not to the number of steps in the mechanism, but rather to the kinetics of the reaction: E2 is bimolecular (second-order) while E1 is unimolecular (first-order). In cases where the molecule is able to stabilize an anion but possesses a poor leaving group, a third type of reaction, E1CB,  exists.  Finally, the pyrolysis of xanthate and acetate esters proceed through an "internal" elimination mechanism, the Ei mechanism.
Vanadinite
Vanadinite is a mineral belonging to the apatite group of phosphates, with the chemical formula Pb5(VO4)3Cl. It is one of the main industrial ores of the metal vanadium and a minor source of lead. A dense, brittle mineral, it is usually found in the form of red hexagonal crystals. It is an uncommon mineral, formed by the oxidation of lead ore deposits such as galena. First discovered in 1801 in Mexico, vanadinite deposits have since been unearthed in South America, Europe, Africa, and North America.

Apatite
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ion, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common endmembers is written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl)2, and the crystal unit cell formulae of the individual minerals are written as Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Ca10(PO4)6F2 and Ca10(PO4)6Cl2.

The mineral was named apatite by the German geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1786, although the specific mineral he had described was reclassified as fluorapatite in 1860 by the German mineralogist Karl Friedrich August Rammelsberg. Apatite is often mistaken for other minerals. This tendency is reflected in the mineral's name, which is derived from the Greek word ἀπατάω (apatáō), which means to deceive.

As hydroxyapatite, it forms a major part of the teeth and bones of vertebrate animals.
Spit (landform)
A spit or sandspit is a deposition bar or beach landform off coasts or lake shores. It develops in places where re-entrance occurs, such as at a cove's headlands, by the process of longshore drift by longshore currents. The drift occurs because waves meet the beach at an oblique angle, moving sediment down the beach in a zigzag pattern. This is complemented by longshore currents, which further transport sediment through the water alongside the beach. These currents are caused by the same waves that cause the drift.

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
George Wigan
George Wigan (c1692 – 11 November 1776) was a tutor at Christ Church, Oxford then rector of St Mary’s, Oldswinford in Worcestershire.

George Wigan was born at Kensington, oldest son of William Wigan and Mary (nee Sonds) to survive to adulthood and brother of John Wigan.  He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, matriculating on 9 June 1711 at the age of 18.  He was awarded his BA, 1715; MA, 1718; DD (by diploma) 19 June 1749.  Wigan was ordained deacon by George Hooper, Bishop of Bath and Wells (20 December 1719).

George Hooper (bishop)
George Hooper (18 November 1640 – 6 September 1727) was a learned and influential English High church cleric of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.  He served as bishop of the Welsh diocese, St Asaph, and later for the diocese of Bath and Wells, as well as chaplain to members of the royal family.
Kent Militia
The Kent Militia was an auxiliary military force in the county of Kent in South East England. From their formal organisation as Trained Bands in 1558 until their final service as the Special Reserve, the Militia regiments of the county served in home defence in all of Britain's major wars. They also saw active service during the Second Boer War, and trained thousands of reinforcements during World War I. After a shadowy postwar existence they were formally disbanded in 1953.

Militia (United Kingdom)
The British Militia was the principal military reserve force of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Militia units were repeatedly raised in Great Britain during the Victorian and Edwardian eras for internal security duties and to defend against external invasions. The British Militia was transformed into the Special Reserve under the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw. 7. c. 9), which integrated all militia formations into the British Army.
Triumph sprung hub
The Triumph sprung hub is a motorcycle suspension unit contained within a rear wheel hub.  It was designed by Triumph engineer Edward Turner to give Triumph's existing rigid frames the option of rear suspension. It was one of the first motorcycle components to have a safety warning cast into its housing.

Motorcycle suspension
A motorcycle's suspension serves a dual purpose: contributing to the vehicle's handling and braking, and providing safety and comfort by keeping the vehicle's passengers comfortably isolated from road noise, bumps and vibrations.

The typical motorcycle has a pair of fork tubes for the front suspension, and a swingarm with one or two shock absorbers for the rear suspension.
Deltochilum kolbei
Deltochilum kolbei is a species of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Scarabaeinae. It belongs to the subgenus Aganhyboma within the genus Deltochilum. The species was first described by Paulian in 1938. It is mostly known from South America, although specific distribution records remain limited.

Deltochilum
Deltochilum is a genus of true dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae native to the Americas. There are more than 100 described species in Deltochilum. Unusually for a dung beetle, a few species in the genus, including D. valgum, are predators that kill and feed on millipedes.

D. mexicanum

showing navigation technique

in Colombia
589 Croatia
589 Croatia, provisional designation 1906 TM, is a dark asteroid and parent body of the Croatia family, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 88 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered in 1906, by astronomer August Kopff at Heidelberg Observatory, and later named for the independent country of Croatia, then part of Austria-Hungary.

August Kopff
August Kopff (February 5, 1882 – April 25, 1960) was a German astronomer and discoverer of several comets and asteroids.

Kopff studied and worked in Heidelberg, getting his PhD there in 1906 and he then joined the Humboldt University of Berlin where he became the Director of the Institute for Astronomical Calculation.

He discovered some comets, including periodic comet 22P/Kopff and the non-periodic C/1906 E1. He discovered a number of asteroids, including notably the Trojan asteroids 617 Patroclus and 624 Hektor.

The lunar crater Kopff is named after him, as is the asteroid 1631 Kopff. Minor planet 805 Hormuthia is named after his wife, Hormuth.
Michael Nobel
Michael Nobel (/noʊˈbɛl/ noh-BEL, Swedish: [nʊˈbɛlː]; 3 February 1940 – 27 November 2024) was a Swedish entrepreneur of Russian origin. He was a member of the Nobel family, a descendant of Ludvig Nobel, a chairman of the Nobel Family Society (1995–2006), a co-founder and chairman of the Nobel Sustainability Trust. Nobel served on several international boards that focus on scientific, medical and charitable initiatives. He promoted energy efficiency and alternative energy technology.

Ludvig Nobel
Ludvig Immanuel Nobel (/noʊˈbɛl/ noh-BEL; Russian: Лю́двиг Эммануи́лович Нобе́ль, romanized: Ljúdvig Emmanuílovich Nobél'; Swedish: Ludvig Emmanuel Nobel [ˈlɵ̌dːvɪɡ nʊˈbɛlː]; 27 July 1831 – 12 April 1888) was a Swedish-Russian engineer, businessman and humanitarian. One of the most prominent members of the Nobel family, he was the son of Immanuel Nobel (also an engineering pioneer) and Andriette Nobel, and the older brother of Alfred Nobel (founder of the Nobel Prize).  With his brother Robert, he operated Branobel, an oil company in Baku (now in Azerbaijan) which at one point produced 50% of the world's oil.

He is credited with creating the Russian oil industry. Ludvig Nobel built the largest fortune of any of the Nobel brothers and was one of the world's richest men. Following the Bolshevik revolution, the communists confiscated the Nobel family's vast fortune in Russia.
Danish Golf Tour seasons
This page lists all Danish Golf Tour (currently titled as the ECCO Tour for sponsorship reasons) seasons from its inaugural season in 2003.

Since its inception, the majority of tournaments on the Danish Golf Tour schedule are incorporated into the Nordic Golf League, one of the third-tier tours recognised by the European Tour.

Danish Golf Tour
The Danish Golf Tour, currently titled as the ECCO Tour for sponsorship reasons, is a developmental professional golf tour based in Denmark. Similar to the Swedish Golf Tour, most events on the Danish Golf Tour schedule are incorporated into the Nordic Golf League, one of the third-tier tours recognised by the European Tour.
Republic Day (Philippines)
Philippine Republic Day (Tagalog: Araw ng Republikang Pilipino), also known as Philippine–American Friendship Day, is a commemoration in the Philippines held annually on July 4. It was formerly an official holiday designated as Independence Day, celebrating the signing of the Treaty of Manila, which granted Philippine independence from the United States of America in 1946.

Treaty of Manila (1946)
The Treaty of Manila of 1946, formally the Treaty of General Relations and Protocol, is a treaty of general relations signed on July 4, 1946, in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It relinquished U.S. sovereignty over the Philippines and recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines. The treaty was signed by High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt as representative of the United States and President Manuel Roxas as representative of the Philippines.

It was signed by US President Harry Truman on August 14, 1946, after the U.S. Senate gave its advice and consent on July 31, 1946, by ratification of the treaty. It was ratified by the Philippines on September 30, 1946. The treaty entered into force on October 22, 1946, when ratifications were exchanged. The treaty was accompanied by a "provisional agreement concerning friendly relations and diplomatic and consular representation" (60 Stat. 1800, TIAS 1539, 6 UNTS 335) until the treaty was ratified.
Diocese of Southern Karnataka of the Church of South India
Karnataka Southern Diocese  is one of the twenty-two dioceses of the Church of South India covering the southern part of Karnataka. The other Church of South India dioceses in Karnataka are Karnataka Northern Diocese and Central Karnataka Diocese. The Church of South India is a United Protestant denomination.

Diocese of Northern Karnataka of the Church of South India
Karnataka Northern Diocese is one among the twenty-two dioceses of the Church of South India which covers the churches in the northern part of Karnataka state. The Church of South India is a United Protestant denomination.
J. J. Webster
James Jefferson Webster Sr. (September 27, 1898 – May 24, 1965) was an American businessman, farmer and politician who served as Rockingham County commissioner in North Carolina from 1942 to 1952. As a county commissioner, he played a role in the development of North Carolina Highway 135, which was posthumously named after him, and worked on the gubernatorial campaign of W. Kerr Scott. He owned a dairy and tobacco farm, tobacco warehouses, a general store, and co-ran a car dealership in Rockingham County.

W. Kerr Scott
William Kerr Scott (April 17, 1896 – April 16, 1958) was an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the 62nd governor of North Carolina from 1949 until 1953, and a United States senator from North Carolina from 1954 until 1958.

A native of Alamance County, North Carolina, and a farmer by training, Scott was a lifelong advocate for agricultural issues and became known in his home state as "the Squire of Haw River." He was elected as the state's commissioner of agriculture, but resigned that post to run for governor in 1948. His followers, popularly known as "Branchhead Boys," fervently supported Scott in all his campaigns and remained a force in North Carolina politics for more than a decade following his death.
FCF Shoulda Been Stars
The FCF Shoulda Been Stars (SB Stars) are a professional indoor American football team of Fan Controlled Football (FCF). They are members of the OG Division and are owned by Druski and the Altered State Machine team, Austin Ekeler, and Rachel Lindsay.

On March 2, 2022, the FCF announced the team would be disbanded, as Greg Miller left the team due to the league's involvement in cryptocurrency and NFTs. They were originally known as the FCF Wild Aces and were rebranded to the FCF Shoulda Been Stars before the start of the 2022 season.

Fan Controlled Football
Fan Controlled Football (FCF) is a dormant professional 7-on-7 indoor football league that played two seasons in 2021 and 2022. The league operated on the premise of fans voting on play calls and other in-game events. All games were played at Pullman Yards in Atlanta, Georgia and broadcast on streaming television. The league previously announced plans to return in 2024.

It was created by Project Fanchise, who established the first fan-controlled professional sports franchise, the Salt Lake Screaming Eagles, and operated the Colorado Crush to play in the Indoor Football League in 2017 before Fanchise pulled both teams out of the league.

Active roster players were paid weekly $400 (before taxes) plus room and board, while coaches were paid $6,700 per month with housing and meal plan.
Charleston Hotel
The Charleston Hotel is an historic hotel in the City of Lake Charles in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is located at 900 Ryan Street, at the corner with West Pujo Street.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places May 27, 1982.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 22 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the parish.  Another property was once listed, but has been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Donald MacAlister
Sir Donald MacAlister, 1st Baronet of Tarbet KCB FRSE (17 May 1854 – 15 January 1934) was a Scottish physician who was Principal and Vice-Chancellor and, later, Chancellor of the University of Glasgow. He was a member of the Cambridge Apostles intellectual secret society, from 1876. From 1904 to 1931 he was President of the General Medical Council.

Chancellor of the University of Glasgow
The chancellor is the titular head of the University of Glasgow and president of the general council, by whom they are elected. The office is intended to be held for life. Their principal duty is to confer degrees upon those presented to them by the Senate, although this role is usually carried out by the vice-chancellor, the appointment of whom is the chancellor's second-most important duty.

The current chancellor is Dame Katherine Grainger, the first woman to hold the office.