hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Commission for Culture and the Arts
The National Commission for Culture and the Arts of the Philippines (NCCA; Filipino: Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining, Cebuano: Nasodnong Komisyon alang sa Budaya ug mga Arte) is the official government agency for culture in the Philippines. It is the overall policy making body, coordinating, and grants giving agency for the preservation, development and promotion of Philippine arts and culture; an executing agency for the policies it formulates; and task to administering the National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA) – fund exclusively for the implementation of culture and arts programs and projects.

National Living Treasures Award (Philippines)
The National Living Treasures Award, alternatively known as the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA), is conferred to a person or group of artists recognized by the Government of the Philippines for their contributions to the country's intangible cultural heritage. A recipient of the award, a National Living Treasure or Manlilikha ng Bayan  is "a Filipino citizen or group of Filipino citizens engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino, whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of technical and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and widely practiced by the present generations in their community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence."
Blaschkoallee (Berlin U-Bahn)
Blaschkoallee is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the U7.
It was opened in 1963 with the planned name "Buschkrug" (arch. W.Düttmann). It was constructed by West Germany. The next station is Parchimer Allee.

U7 (Berlin U-Bahn)
The U7 is a rail line on the Berlin U-Bahn. It runs completely underground for a length of 31.8 kilometres (19.8 mi) through 40 stations and connects Spandau, via Neukölln, to Gropiusstadt and Rudow. The U7 was originally the south-eastern branch of the Nord-Süd-Bahn (U6) that ran between the branching point at Belle-Alliance-Straße (Mehringdamm) and Grenzallee; however, in the 1960s, this stretch was separated from the rest of the line and extended at each end to form a new line.

The U7 is Berlin's longest underground line, both in terms of absolute length and total travel time, and one of the longest all-subterranean lines in Europe.
Amblypygi
Amblypygi is an order of arachnids also known as whip-spiders or tailless whip-scorpions, not to be confused with whip-scorpions or vinegaroons that belong to the related order Thelyphonida. The name "amblypygid" means "blunt tail", a reference to a lack of the flagellum that is otherwise seen in whip-scorpions. Amblypygids possess no silk glands or venom. They rarely bite if threatened but can grab fingers with their pedipalps, resulting in thorn-like puncture-injuries.

As of 2023, five families, 17 genera, and around 260 species had been discovered and described. They are found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, mainly in warm and humid environments. They like to stay protected and hidden within leaf litter, caves, or underneath bark. Some species are subterranean; all are nocturnal. Fossilized amblypygids have been found dating back to the Carboniferous period, such as Weygoldtina.

Opisthosoma
The opisthosoma is the posterior part of the body in some arthropods, behind the prosoma (cephalothorax). It is a distinctive feature of the subphylum Chelicerata (arachnids, horseshoe crabs and others). It is similar in most respects to an abdomen (and is often referred to as such).
Vella Raja
Vella Raja (transl. The white king) is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language television series, produced as an Original for Amazon Prime Video. The series is directed by Guhan Senniappan of Nalaya Iyakunar and Sawaari fame, produced by S. R. Prabhu under the production banner Dream Warrior Pictures. It is the first Amazon Original in Tamil which was dubbed in both Hindi and Telugu languages. The series was released on Prime Video on 7 December 2018 and received positive reviews from the audience and critics for its making and the screenplay, It stars Bobby Simha, Parvati Nair and Gayathrie in their streaming series debut, while  Kaali Venkat plays a  pivotal role in the series. Media outlets speculated that the series is inspired by the 2018 Hindi-language Netflix series Sacred Games.

Parvati Nair
Parvati Venugopal Nair (born 5 December 1992) is an Indian model and actress who works in the South Indian film industry. Born into a Malayali family in Abu Dhabi, she trained as a software professional from Manipal Institute of Technology. She started modelling at the age of 15 .

Nair made her acting debut with the  Malayalam film Poppins as a lead in the 5 segments directed by V. K. Prakash during her Christmas vacations in December  2012, before appearing in a number of critically acclaimed films across all four South Indian film industries, including Story Kathe (2014 ) and Yennai Arindhaal (2015). Her performance as a young journalist in Story Kathe won her the Best Kannada Debut Actress Award at the South Indian International Movie Awards, while the role of a vengeful wife in Yennai Arindhaal won her praise from critics and received a Filmfare nomination. In 2015, she starred in the critical and commercial success Vascodigama, portraying an English lecturer.
Sangham (1988 film)
Sangham (Gang) is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Joshiy and produced by K. Rajagopal. The film stars Mammootty, Thilakan, Parvathy and Saritha in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Shyam.

Joshiy
Joshiy (born 18 July 1952) is an Indian film director who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema and also directed Tamil, Hindi, Telugu and Kannada-language films.

Joshiy made his directorial debut in the 1978 film Tiger Salim, but it was the 1980 film Moorkhan that was his breakthrough in Malayalam cinema. He is regarded as the pioneer of film noir and action thrillers in Malayalam.
Phil Parsons
Phillip Gregory Parsons (born June 21, 1957) is an American former professional stock car racing driver, team owner, and analyst for FOX NASCAR since 2003.  After years racing in NASCAR Winston Cup, he returned to the Busch Series where he enjoyed modest success.

After his racing career, Parsons also embarked on a career as a racing TV commentator, providing color analysis for the Mizlou Television Network. He was also a commentator for the DirecTV NASCAR Hot Pass during Sprint Cup races. Most recently he has been a color analyst for FS1's coverage of the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and, currently, the ARCA Menards Series.

Parsons was the starter for the 2007 Daytona 500, waving the green flag. In 2008, he became a part-owner of a new Nationwide Series team, MSRP Motorsports.

2007 Daytona 500
The 2007 Daytona 500, the 49th running of the event, was the first race of the 2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series season, taking place on February 18, 2007, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida. Kevin Harvick won the race by 0.02 second over Mark Martin in the closest finish since the first race at Daytona International Speedway when it took three days to declare Lee Petty the winner in 1959. The race was decided by a green-white-checker finish for the third year in a row, with two extra laps added for a total of 202 laps and 505 miles (813 km).

This was Mark Martin's first 500 race not driving for Jack Roush since 1986.
Jules Alexandre Daveau
Jules Alexandre Daveau (29 February 1852, Argenteuil – 24 August 1929) was a French botanist known for his investigations of Portuguese flora.

As a teenager he began work as an apprentice gardener at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. In 1875, he was sent on a botanical expedition to Cyrenaica.  He collected specimens for a Portuguese botanist Julio Augusto Henriques on Berlenga Grande Island, Portugal.

From 1876 to 1893 he served as head gardener of the botanical gardens in Lisbon. Afterwards, he was curator in the herbarium  and botanical garden in Montpellier.

Plants with the specific epithet of daveauanus are named after Daveau, an example being: Erigeron daveauanus.

Julio Augusto Henriques
Júlio Augusto Henriques (15 January 1838 - 15 January 1928) was a Portuguese botanist and professor at the University of Coimbra. He developed the Herbarium of the University and Coimbra Botanical Garden. He also founded the Broterian Society, which brought together various scientists botanists, geologists and naturalists. He was a large admirer of the work of Charles Darwin. He also wrote many articles about the flora of Portugal.
Sweets (group)
Sweets (stylized as SweetS) was a Japanese girl group formed by Avex Trax in 2003. It consists of five members: Aki, Aya, Haruna, Miori, and Mai. The group debuted in 2003 with the song "Lolita Strawberry in Summer" and released the song "Love Like Candy Floss" in 2004. While active as a group, Sweets was also part of the supergroup Girl's Box along with other Avex artists. After three years of activity, Sweets disbanded in 2006.

Avex Trax
Avex Trax (Japanese: エイベックス トラックス, Hepburn: Eibekkusu Torakkusu) is a record label owned by Japanese entertainment conglomerate Avex Inc. The label was launched in September 1988, and was the first label by the Group.
Privateering (album)
Privateering is the seventh solo studio album by British singer-songwriter and guitarist Mark Knopfler, released on 3 September 2012 by Mercury Records. The first studio double-album of Knopfler's 35-year career as a recording artist, Privateering consists of 20 original songs (plus four more released in other editions), and integrates blues rock with traditional folk and country genres. Recorded between March and December 2011, the album received generally positive reviews throughout Europe, and reached the number one position on album charts in Austria, Germany, Norway and the Netherlands, as well as the number two or three position in Belgium, Italy, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. The album peaked at number eight in the United Kingdom. The album was released in North America a full year after its European release due to a contractual dispute between Knopfler and his North American distributors.

Guy Fletcher
Guy Edward Fletcher (born 24 May 1960) is an English musician, best known for his position as one of the two keyboard players in the rock band Dire Straits from 1984 until the group's dissolution, and his subsequent work with Dire Straits frontman Mark Knopfler for his many solo releases. Fletcher was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Dire Straits in 2018.
Forces of Nature (1999 film)
Forces of Nature is a 1999 American romantic comedy film directed by Bronwen Hughes, and starring Ben Affleck and Sandra Bullock alongside Maura Tierney, Steve Zahn, Blythe Danner, and Ronny Cox.

Ben and Sarah meet when their plane to Savannah has a freak accident before takeoff. As they both urgently need to arrive there as soon as possible, they band together, having many misadventures along the way.

The film was released in US theaters on March 19, 1999 by DreamWorks Pictures, receiving mixed reviews from critics while grossing $93.9 million against a $75 million budget.

Maura Tierney
Maura Lynn Tierney (born February 3, 1965) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Lisa Miller on the sitcom NewsRadio (1995–1999), Abby Lockhart on the medical drama ER (1999–2009), and Helen Solloway on the mystery drama The Affair (2014–2019), the last of which won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Limited Series or Motion Picture Made for Television.

Tierney has also appeared in numerous films, including Primal Fear (1996), Liar Liar (1997), Primary Colors (1998), Insomnia (2002), The Iron Claw (2023), and Twisters (2024).
Azinphos-methyl
Azinphos-methyl (Guthion) (also spelled azinophos-methyl) is a broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide manufactured by Bayer CropScience, Gowan Co., and Makhteshim Agan. Like other pesticides in this class, it owes its insecticidal properties (and human toxicity) to the fact that it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (the same mechanism is responsible for the toxic effects of the V-series nerve agent chemical weapons). It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.

EPA list of extremely hazardous substances
This is the list of extremely hazardous substances defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. § 11002). The list can be found as an appendix to 40 CFR 355.  Updates as of 2006 can be seen on the Federal Register, 71 FR 47121 (August 16, 2006).

The data were provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Sea of Sand
Sea of Sand (released in the US as Desert Patrol) is a 1958 British war film starring Richard Attenborough, John Gregson and Michael Craig. The film, which was directed by Guy Green, is about a patrol of the Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) during the North African Campaign in the Second World War. It was shot on location in the Kingdom of Libya.

Guy Green (filmmaker)
Guy Mervin Charles Green OBE BSC (5 November 1913 – 15 September 2005) was an English film director, producer, screenwriter, and cinematographer. In 1948, he won an Oscar as cinematographer for the film Great Expectations. In 2002, Green was given a Lifetime Achievement Award by the BAFTA, and, in 2004, he was named an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his lifetime contributions to British cinema.
Seducing Doctor Lewis
Seducing Doctor Lewis (French: La grande séduction, lit. 'The Great Seduction') is a 2003 Quebec comedy film, starring Raymond Bouchard, Benoît Brière, David Boutin and Lucie Laurier. It is the first film directed by Jean-François Pouliot. The script was written by Ken Scott.

It won the Audience Award at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival.

Jean-François Pouliot
Jean-François Pouliot (born 1957) is a Canadian film director from Quebec.

He was born in Montreal and studied at Concordia University. He worked as an assistant cameraman, while also writing and directing short animated films for the National Film Board. In 1982, Pouliot joined the advertising firm Cossette Communication Marketing, where he twice won the Grand prix du Mondial de publicité francophone, a French language advertising award. In 1988, he began directing television ads. Pouliot directed a number of episodes of the CBC Television series Emily of New Moon. His films have included Seducing Doctor Lewis (La Grande séduction), The Little Book of Revenge (Guide de la petite vengeance), Glimpses/Impressions, Dr. Cabbie, Snowtime! (La Guerre des tuques 3D), Votez Bougon and The 3 L'il Pigs 2 (Les 3 p'tits cochons 2).
Three Weeks (1924 film)
Three Weeks is a 1924 American drama film directed by Alan Crosland. The movie is based on the 1907 novel of the same name by Elinor Glyn, and the title refers to the length of an affair by the Queen of Sardalia. Formerly a lost film, the FIAF database indicates a print is preserved by Russia's Gosfilmofond. That print formed the basis of a restoration by La Cineteca del Friuli.

The novel had previously been made into the American film in 1914, directed by Perry N. Vekroff and starring Madlaine Traverse and George C. Pearce, and in a 1917 Hungarian film titled Három hét that was directed by Márton Garas. The 1924 production was the first to be authorized and supervised by Glyn, which was noted in advertising for the film.

Elinor Glyn
Elinor Glyn (née Sutherland; 17 October 1864 – 23 September 1943) was a British novelist and scriptwriter who specialised in romantic fiction, which was considered scandalous for its time, although her works are relatively tame by modern standards. She popularized the concept of the "it girl", and had tremendous influence on early 20th-century popular culture and, possibly, on the careers of notable Hollywood stars such as Rudolph Valentino, Gloria Swanson and, especially, Clara Bow.
William B. Coley Award
The William B. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Basic and Tumor Immunology is presented annually by the Cancer Research Institute, to scientists who have made outstanding achievements in the fields of basic and tumor immunology and whose work has deepened our understanding of the immune system's response to disease, including cancer.

The first awards were made in 1975 to a group of 16 scientists called the "Founders of Cancer Immunology." In 1993, the award was renamed after William B. Coley, a late-nineteenth century surgeon who made the first attempts at the non-surgical treatment of cancer through stimulation of the immune system. For this reason, Coley has become known as the "Father of Cancer Immunotherapy."

Werner and Gertrude Henle
Werner Henle (August 27, 1910 – July 6, 1987) and Gertrude Henle (April 3, 1912 – September 1, 2006) were a husband and wife team of German-American virologists. The National Library of Medicine called them "a prodigious force in virology, immunology and viral oncology during the second half of the 20th century".
Euretta de Cosson Rathbone
Euretta Cecilia de Cosson Rathbone (died 2003) was a British champion ski racer and a patron of the arts.

Rettles, as she was known, was born in Cairo, Egypt to the British head of Egypt's public works Claude Augustin de Cosson and Euretta Kirkbride, a Philadelphian descendant of a long line of Philadelphia Quakers. Her grandfather was a baron. She took up skiing while in finishing school in Switzerland. She became captain of the British ski team and won several events.

She won a combined event in 1939. She suffered a concussion in competition on Baldy Mountain in 1941.

She married art museum director Perry T. Rathbone in 1945. She died in 2003 after being hit by a bus. She had three children and seven grandchildren.

Perry T. Rathbone
Perry Townsend Rathbone (July 3, 1911 – January 22, 2000) was one of the leading American art museum directors of the 20th century. As director of the St. Louis Art Museum from 1940 to 1955, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston from 1955 to 1972, he transformed these institutions from quiet repositories of art to vibrant cultural centers. Known for his sensitive installations as well as his bold publicity stunts, he increased the membership and attendance figures of both institutions exponentially, and also added significant works to their permanent collections across the board.
Saelania
Saelania is a genus of mosses in the monotypic family Saelaniaceae in subclass Dicranidae. The genus was previously placed in family Ditrichaceae. Saelania is named after Finnish botanist Thiodolf Saelan.

Thiodolf Saelan
Anders Thiodolf Saelan (Sælan) (born 20 November 1834 in Lappeenranta; died 24 June 1921 in Helsinki) was a Finnish physician and botanist. He reformed Finnish mental health care during his decades as chief physician of Lapinlahti Psychiatric Hospital in Helsinki.
Mynydd-bach (electoral ward)
Mynydd-bach, formerly Mynyddbach (Welsh: Mynydd-bach) is an electoral ward in the City and County of Swansea, Wales.

Mynydd-bach is bounded by the wards of Morriston and Landore to the east, Cwmbwrla to the south, and Llangyfelach and Penderry to the west.

The electoral ward consists of some or all of the following areas: Clase, Clasemont, Mynydd-Bach, Park View Estate, Penfillia Estate, Treboeth, Tirdeunaw, Pinewood, Mynydd Garnlywd and Bryn Rock, in the parliamentary constituency of Swansea East.

For electoral purposes, Mynydd-bach is broken down into the polling districts of: Mynydd Garnlwyd, Bryn Rock, Treboeth, Penfilia, Tirdeunaw, Clasemont and Clase.  Mynydd-Bach returns 3 councillors to the City and County of Swansea council.

In 2022 the ward was officially renamed Mynydd-bach on the recommendation of the Welsh Language Commissioner.

Swansea East (UK Parliament constituency)
Swansea East (Welsh: Dwyrain Abertawe) was a borough constituency in Wales in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was represented by members of the Labour Party from 1922 until 2024.

As part of the  2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies and under the June 2023 final recommendations of the Boundary Commission for Wales, the seat was abolished. Its wards were split between Neath and Swansea East, and Swansea West, to be first contested at the 2024 general election.
Valdenia Winn
Valdenia Camille "Val" Winn (born December 7, 1950) is a member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 34th district. A Democrat, she has served since 2001.

Since 1972, Winn has worked as a professor at Kansas City Kansas Community College.  Dr. Winn currently serves as the Vice President of the Kansas City Kansas Public Schools Board of Education.

Kansas City Kansas Community College
Kansas City Kansas Community College (KCKCC) is a public two year community college in Wyandotte County, Kansas, United States. The college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, a commission of the North Central Association and the Kansas Board of Regents.

KCKCC has its own police force, the Kansas City Kansas Community College Police, which was established to protect KCKCC community and property.
Dawpool
Dawpool was a village and port on the Dee Estuary in Cheshire, England. The village was between Thurstaston and Caldy on the Wirral Peninsula, and the site is now within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. The harbour at Dawpool was once a stopping-off point for packet ships between Parkgate and Dublin.

Dawpool House, the former residence of the White Star Line owner Thomas Henry Ismay, was demolished in 1927. A nature reserve on the site of a former landfill site retains the name.

Thomas Henry Ismay
Thomas Henry Ismay (7 January 1837 – 23 November 1899) was an owner of the White Star Line. His eldest son Joseph Bruce Ismay was managing director of the White Star Line and survived the sinking of its ocean liner RMS Titanic on her maiden voyage in 1912.
Gram matrix
In linear algebra, the Gram matrix (or Gramian matrix, Gramian) of vectors  in an inner product space is the Hermitian matrix of inner products, whose entries are given by the inner product . If the vectors  are the columns of matrix  then the Gram matrix is  in the general case that the vector coordinates are complex numbers, which simplifies to  for the case that the vector coordinates are real numbers.

An important application is to compute linear independence: a set of vectors are linearly independent if and only if the Gram determinant (the determinant of the Gram matrix) is non-zero.

It is named after Jørgen Pedersen Gram.

Observability Gramian
In control theory, we may need to find out whether or not a system such as

is observable, where , ,  and  are, respectively, , , and  matrices.

One of the many ways one can achieve such goal is by the use of the Observability Gramian.
Great Britain at the 1932 Winter Olympics
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland competed as Great Britain at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, United States. This was the first time in Olympic history that Great Britain had not won a medal of any colour.

The Great Britain team included 11-year-old figure skater Cecilia Colledge - the youngest ever British athlete to appear in the Olympic Games (Winter or Summer).

Cecilia Colledge
Magdalena Cecilia Colledge (28 November 1920 – 12 April 2008) was a British figure skater. She was the 1936 Olympic silver medalist, the 1937 World Champion, the 1937–1939 European Champion, and a six-time (1935–1939, 1946) British national champion.

Colledge is credited as being the first female skater to perform a double jump, as well as being the inventor of both the camel spin and the layback spin.