hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Byurakan Observatory
The Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, or Byurakan Observatory (Armenian: Բյուրականի աստղադիտարան, romanized: Byurakani astghaditaran) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Armenian Academy of Sciences.  It is located on the slope of Mount Aragats in the village of Byurakan in Armenia.

Mount Aragats
Mount Aragats (Armenian: Արագած, pronounced [ɑɾɑˈɡɑt͡s]) is an isolated four-peaked volcano massif in Armenia. Its northern summit, at 4,090 m (13,420 ft) above sea level, is the highest point of the Lesser Caucasus and Armenia. It is also one of the highest points in the Armenian Highlands.

The Aragats massif is surrounded by the Kasagh River on the east, the Akhurian River on the west, Ararat Plain on the south, and Shirak Plain on the north. The circumference of the massif is around 200 km (120 mi), and covers an area of 6,000 km2 (2,300 sq mi) or around 1⁄5 of Armenia's total area. 944 km2 (364 sq mi) of the massif is located above 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
Counties 1 Western West
Counties 1 Western West (known as Counties 1 Tribute Western West for sponsorship reasons) is an English rugby union league. Originally a single division called Western Counties, in 1996 the division split into two regional leagues called Western Counties North and Western Counties West. Western Counties West was renamed Counties 1 Western West prior to the 2022–23 season and is currently a seventh tier league for clubs based in the south-west of England; mainly Cornwall, Devon and Somerset. The champions are promoted to Regional 2 South West. The number of teams relegated depends on feedback following promotion and relegation in the leagues above, but can be one, two or three, to either Counties 2 Cornwall, Counties 2 Devon or Counties 2 Somerset, depending on location.

Pirate Amateurs are the current champions.

Tiverton RFC
Tiverton Rugby Club is a rugby union club based in the town of Tiverton, Devon, England. The club plays at Coronation Field, and as of the 2024–25 season competes in the level six Regional 2 South West league and the Devon Intermediate Cup. It is considered to be the oldest rugby club in Devon.
'Ali-Sultan
'Ali Khalil (Chagatai and Persian: علی خلیل), also known as Ali-Sultan (Chagatai and Persian: علی سلطان), was the khan (r.1339-1342) of the Chagatai Khanate. He was a descendant of Qadan, son of the second Great Khan Ögedei.

'Ali attacked the ordo (palace) of Yesun Temur and usurped the throne. He was the first and last one who had restored the Ögedeid authority over the Chagatai Khanate since the reigns of Kaidu and his son Chapar. During his reign, Islam fully absorbed the Chagatai Mongols and 'Ali persecuted followers of other religions. He is the one who ordered the killing of six Franciscan friars at Almalik in 1339, as depicted in The Martyrdom of the Franciscans, by Ambrogio Lorenzetti.

The Martyrdom of the Franciscans, painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in 1342, took place in Almaliq in 1339. The central ruler who ordered the killing was Ali Sultan.

Mongol tumen commander.

Martyrdom of five Franciscan friars

Almaliq, Xinjiang
Almaliq (Uyghur: ئالمالىق; Chinese: 阿力麻里; pinyin: Ālìmálǐ), also spelled Almalik, Almalig, was a medieval city in the Ili basin in present-day Huocheng County, Xinjiang, China along Kazakhstan border. A modern town named Alimali (阿力玛里) in Khorgas, adjacent to Huocheng, has no historical connections with the medieval town.
H.R. College of Commerce and Economics
Hassaram Rijhumal College of Commerce and Economics, commonly known as HR College, is an autonomous (since 2007) educational institute located in Churchgate, Mumbai. It is run by the Hyderabad (Sindh) National Collegiate Board and is affiliated with the HSNC University.

It was the second college in Maharashtra (after KC College, Churchgate) to be accredited 'A' grade with a score of 87.95% by the NAAC (National Assessment & Accreditation Council) under the revised scheme in 2002.

It is located adjacent to Kishinchand Chellaram College, and shares a building with the KC Law College.

Churchgate
Churchgate (Marathi pronunciation: [t͡ʃəɾt͡ʃɡeːʈ]) is an area in the southern part of Mumbai, close to the Arabian Sea. The area is known for its unique architecture consisting of art deco style residential buildings, access to sporting venues, and the business area of Nariman Point.
John C. Lechleiter
John C. Lechleiter (born 1952) is an American businessman and chemist. He served as president, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board of directors of Eli Lilly and Company from April 2008 to December 2016.

Xavier University
Xavier University (/ˈzeɪvjər/ ZAY-vyure) is a private Jesuit university in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is the sixth-oldest Catholic and fourth-oldest Jesuit university in the United States. Xavier had an enrollment of approximately 5,600 undergraduate and graduate students as of 2024. The school's system comprises the main campus in Cincinnati, as well as regional locations for its accelerated nursing program in Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio.

Xavier University is primarily an undergraduate, liberal arts institution. It provides an education in the Jesuit tradition, which emphasizes learning through community service, interdisciplinary courses and the engagement of faith, theology, philosophy and ethics studies. Xavier's athletic teams, known as the Xavier Musketeers, compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level in the Big East Conference.
Sadovnicheskaya Street
Sadovnicheskaya street (Russian: Садо́вническая у́лица, lit. Gardener's Street) is a street in the historical Zamoskvorechye District of Moscow, Russia, on a narrow island between Moskva River and the parallel old river bed (Vodootvodny Canal). The street runs from Balchug Street (across the Kremlin) south-east to the Garden Ring.

Island (Zamoskvorechye)
Island (or Zamoskvorechye) is an area in Moscow. It is made up of an artificial island and is located right across from the Kremlin between the Moskva River and its old riverbed, which was turned into the Vodootvodny Canal in 1786. It does not have any historical, official or established name. In the relevant sources it is referred to simply as the Island.

The island a part of the historical Zamoskvorechye area. The island itself was split into four localities: Bersenevka (Russian: Берсе́невка), Boloto (Russian: Боло́то, swamp), Balchug (Russian: Ба́лчуг), Sadovniki (Russian: Садовники, after the gardens).

Despite the lack of the name proper in some popular publications the island was either referred to by the name of one of the localities on it: Balchug, Bolotny, Sadovnicheskiy or due to its proximity to the Kremlin as Kremlevskiy or due to its land value as Zolotoy (after gold) or simply Bezymyanniy (nameless).
Ballymurphy, County Carlow
Ballymurphy, historically Ballymurchoe (Irish: Baile Uí Mhurchú), is a village in County Carlow, Ireland on the R702 regional road. It lies on the western flank of the Blackstairs Mountains.

Ballymurphy lies between the Carlow town of Borris and the Wexford village of Kiltealy.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Military in Vatican City
The Vatican City State, formed in 1929, is the heir of the Papal States, which ceased to exist in 1870. Unlike those, the Vatican does not have a military, except for a small number of Swiss Guards and gendarmes, fulfilling mainly representative and policing duties. For any further defense purposes, the Vatican de facto relies on the Italian state and its military.

Papal Zouaves
The Papal Zouaves (Italian: Zuavi Pontifici) were an infantry battalion (later regiment) dedicated to defending the Papal States. Named after the French zouave regiments, the Zuavi Pontifici were mainly young men, unmarried and Catholic, who volunteered to assist Pope Pius IX in his struggle against the Italian unificationist Risorgimento.
Kayak angst
Kayak angst (Danish: kajaksvimmelhed "kayak dizziness" or kajakangst; Greenlandic: nangiarneq) or nangierneq (Inuit languages) is a condition likened to a panic attack which has historically been associated with the Greenlandic Inuit. It has specifically been described as an episode of intense anxiety amongst seal hunters fishing in kayaks or similar one-man boats. It has additionally been associated with the Igloolik Inuit of Northern Canada, who are said to suffer wild hallucinations of mythical spirits including visions of a 'sea ermine'.

Igloolik
Igloolik (Inuktitut syllabics: ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒃ, Iglulik, Inuktitut pronunciation: [iɣ.lu.ˈlik]) is an Inuit hamlet in Foxe Basin, Qikiqtaaluk Region in Nunavut, northern Canada. Because its location on Igloolik Island is close to Melville Peninsula, it is often mistakenly thought to be on the peninsula. The name "Igloolik" means "there is a house here". It derives from iglu meaning house or building, and refers to the sod houses that were originally in the area, not to snow igloos. In Inuktitut the residents are called Iglulingmiut (the suffix miut means "people of").
David Fairchild
David Grandison Fairchild (April 7, 1869 – August 6, 1954) was an American botanist and plant explorer. Fairchild was responsible for the introduction of more than 200,000 exotic plants and varieties of established crops into the United States, including soybeans, pistachios, mangos, nectarines, dates, bamboos, and flowering cherries. Certain varieties of wheat, cotton, and rice became especially economically important.

Gossypium barbadense
Gossypium barbadense is one of several species of cotton. It is in the mallow family. It has been cultivated since antiquity, but has been especially prized since a form with particularly long fibers was developed in the 19th century. Other names associated with this species include Sea Island, Egyptian, Pima, and extra-long staple (ELS) cotton.

The species is a tropical, frost-sensitive perennial that produces yellow flowers and has black seeds. It grows as a bush or small tree and yields cotton with unusually long, silky fibers.

The native range of this species is Colombia to Peru. It is now cultivated around the world, including China, Egypt, Sudan, India, Australia, Peru, Israel, the southwestern United States, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It accounts for about a fifth of the world's cotton production.
Sadgati
Sadgati (transl. Salvation [or] Deliverance) is a 1981 Hindi television film directed by Satyajit Ray, based on a short story of same name by Munshi Premchand. Ray called this drama of a poor Dalit "a deeply angry film [...] not the anger of an exploding bomb but of a bow stretched taut and quivering."

Premchand
Dhanpat Rai Srivastava (31 July 1880 – 8 October 1936), better known as Munshi Premchand based on his pen name Premchand (pronounced [preːm t͡ʃənd̪] ⓘ), was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature.

Premchand was a pioneer of Hindi and Urdu social fiction. He was one of the first authors to write about caste hierarchies and the plight of women and labourers of the late 1880s. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent, and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindi writers of the early twentieth century. His works include Godaan, Karmabhoomi, Gaban, Mansarovar, and Idgah. He published his first collection of five short stories in 1907 in a book called Soz-e-Watan (Sorrow of the Nation).

His works include more than a dozen novels, around 300 short stories, several essays and translations of a number of Indian and foreign literary works into Hindi.
Palibhasa Lalake
Palibhasa Lalake (lit. 'Just because you are a man') is a Philippine television sitcom series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Johnny Manahan, it stars Richard Gomez, Joey Marquez, John Estrada, Miguel Rodriguez, Gloria Romero, Carmina Villarroel, Amy Perez and Cynthia Patag. It aired from March 3, 1987 to November 9, 1998, and was replaced by Sa Sandaling Kailangan Mo Ako.

Johnny Manahan
Juan "Johnny" Ledesma Manahan (born February 11, 1947), also known as Mr. M, is a Filipino film and television director, actor, talent manager, and screenwriter. He is known for scouting and managing actors, having been served as VP and managing director for ABS-CBN's Star Magic (formerly the Talent Center) and head of ABS-CBN Studios until 2020, as well as the former senior vice-president of ABS-CBN. Manahan worked as a consultant for Sparkle, GMA Network's talent management arm, until 2025.
Death of a Ladies' Man (novel)
Death of a Ladies' Man is the third novel by Scottish writer Alan Bissett, released on 23 July 2009. Set within the city of Glasgow, the novel follows divorcee teacher Charlie Bain's journey into hedonism and sex addiction. Bissett describes Death of a Ladies' Man as "a cautionary tale for women written by a man who is trying to say: 'Look, this is why we are the way we are. Understand but do not forgive."

The novel shares its title with Leonard Cohen's 1977 album, Death of a Ladies' Man, and often includes quotes from Cohen preceding its chapters.

Death of a Ladies' Man (album)
Death of a Ladies' Man is the fifth studio album by Leonard Cohen, produced and co-written by Phil Spector. The album was in some ways a departure from Cohen's typical minimalist style by using Spector's Wall of Sound recording method, which included ornate arrangements and multiple tracks of instrument overdubs. The album was originally released in the US by Warner Bros., and on CD and the rest of the world by Cohen's longtime label, Columbia Records.
Bärengraben
The Bärengraben, or Bear Pit, is a tourist attraction in the Swiss capital city of Bern. It is a bear pit, or enclosure housing bears, situated at the eastern edge of the old city of Bern, next to the Nydeggbrücke and the River Aar. Although still in use, the Bärengraben has been supplemented since 2009 by the adjacent BärenPark, a larger and more natural enclosure alongside the River Aar.

The Bärengraben and BärenPark are administered as a geographically discrete part of the city's Dählhölzli Zoo. The Bärengraben is a Swiss heritage site of national significance, and is of particular significance in Bern because the bear is a symbol of both the city and surrounding canton, and is featured in their coat of arms.

Bear pit
A bear pit is an enclosure historically used to display bears, typically for entertainment and especially bear-baiting. The pit area was normally surrounded by a high fence, above which the spectators would look down on the bears.

The most traditional form of maintaining bears in captivity is keeping them in pits, although many zoos have replaced these by more elaborate and spacious enclosures that attempt to replicate their natural habitats, for the benefit of the animals and the visitors.
94th Army Air and Missile Defense Command
The 94th Army Air and Missile Defense Command (94th AAMDC) is an activated (at Fort Shafter on 16 October 2005) Air Defense Artillery command of the United States Army assigned to United States Army Pacific. It is headquartered at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, Hawai'i at the Pacific Air Force Headquarters.

Fort Shafter
Fort Shafter is an army installation located in the City and County of Honolulu, Hawai‘i. It is the headquarters of the United States Army Pacific, which commands most Army forces in the Asia-Pacific region with the exception of Korea. Geographically, Fort Shafter extends up the interfluve (ridgeline) between Kalihi and Moanalua valleys, as well as onto the coastal plain (as Shafter Flats) at Māpunapuna. A portion of the area is also known as the Palm Circle Historic District; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has been further designated as a U.S. National Historic Landmark.  It is also known as Palm Circle or 100 Area.

It is located in the Urban Honolulu census-designated place.
Wisconsin People and Ideas
Wisconsin People and Ideas is a quarterly magazine published by the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters.

The publication was founded in 1954 under the title Wisconsin Academy Review and was renamed Wisconsin People and Ideas in 2006.

Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters
The Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters is an independent nonprofit organization based in Madison, Wisconsin, that produces programs and publications related to science, arts, and letters in the state.

Founded in 1870, the academy supports public engagement with scientific, cultural, and civic issues in Wisconsin through publications, exhibitions, lectures, and awards programs.
Fairview Cemetery (Bastrop, Texas)
Fairview Cemetery is the largest, oldest and most historic burial ground in Bastrop, Texas. It is significant as an early Republic of Texas cemetery located in one of the state’s earliest communities and as the resting place of numerous notable public figures, including state and local elected officials and military veterans dating back to the War of 1812.

The site is listed as a Historic Texas Cemetery. A plaque recognizing this designation was installed in 2003. There are 10 additional markers throughout the grounds, seven erected by the Texas Historical Commission and three by Bastrop County Historical Society.

Bastrop, Texas
Bastrop (/ˈbæstrəp, -trɒp/) is a city and the county seat of Bastrop County, Texas, United States. The population was 9,688 according to the 2020 census.  It is located about 30 mi (48 km) southeast of Austin and is part of the Greater Austin metropolitan area.
Chronicles of the Canongate
Chronicles of the Canongate is a collection of stories by Sir Walter Scott, published in 1827 and 1828. It is the 23rd book in the Waverley novels series and is named after the Canongate, in Edinburgh.

1st series (1827):
'Chrystal Croftangry's Narrative'
'The Highland Widow'
'The Two Drovers'
The Surgeon's Daughter

2nd series (1828):
St Valentine's Day, or, The Fair Maid of Perth

Waverley novels
The Waverley novels are a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832). For nearly a century, they were among the most popular and widely read novels in Europe.

Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827, the series takes its name from Waverley, the first novel of the series, released in 1814. The later books bore the words "by the author of Waverley" on their title pages.

The Tales of My Landlord sub-series was not advertised as "by the author of Waverley" and thus is not always included as part of the Waverley Novels series.
Andrew Grima
Andrew Grima (31 May 1921 – 26 December 2007) was an Anglo-Italian jewellery designer.

Grima was born in Rome to Italian-Maltese parents and grew up in London, where he attended Salesian College, Battersea and St Joseph's College, Upper Norwood. He later studied mechanical engineering at the University of Nottingham. The family was artistic and creative: his father was an embroidery designer and Grima's brothers became architects, helping design his London showroom in 1966.

Grima joined the Royal Engineers, serving in Burma in World War II with the 7th Indian Division of the British Army.

Salesian College, Battersea
Salesian College was a Roman Catholic voluntary-aided school for boys aged 11 to 16 (previously 11 to 18, until it had to jettison its Sixth Form). It was founded in 1895 in Battersea, London, by the religious order of the Salesians of Don Bosco, who arrived in Battersea in 1887 as part of Don Bosco's dream to establish a Salesian presence in Great Britain and the British Empire, with its missionary potential. The College aimed to provide an education loosely based on the principles of St John Bosco, founder of the Salesians of Don Bosco.
Francis Park
Francis Park is an urban park located in the St. Louis Hills neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Francis Park is located between Eichelberger Street, Nottingham Avenue, Donovan Avenue and Tamm Avenue.

The park was named for David Rowland Francis (1850-1927), who had been the President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, governor of Missouri and mayor of St. Louis (1885-1889), who donated 60 acres of land for the park as a gift to the city of St. Louis on Christmas Eve in 1916. In 2018, a 7 foot bronze sculpture of Francis by artist Harry Weber was dedicated.

The park's amenities include handball, racquetball, and tennis courts; soccer and softball fields; and a playground.

The St. Louis Hills Neighborhood Association runs an art fair, 5k, and bike race as fundraisers for upkeep of the park.

David R. Francis
David Rowland Francis (October 1, 1850 – January 15, 1927) was an American politician and diplomat. He served in various positions including Mayor of St. Louis, the 27th Governor of Missouri, and United States Secretary of the Interior. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Russia between 1916 and 1917, during the Russian Revolution of 1917. He was a Wilsonian Democrat.
Eastwood, Louisiana
Eastwood, commonly confused for Haughton, Louisiana, is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Bossier Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 4,093 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Shreveport–Bossier City Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Bossier City, Louisiana
Bossier City (/ˈboʊʒər/ BOH-zhər) is a city in Bossier Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 62,701 at the 2020 census. Located on the eastern bank of the Red River, Bossier City is closely tied economically and socially to its sister city, Shreveport, on the western bank. It is the second-most populous city in the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area. The parish operates its own community college, Bossier Parish Community College.
BBC First
BBC First is an entertainment subscription television channel featuring comedy, crime, drama and film programming, originating from UK and mostly from the BBC. The channel is wholly owned and operated by BBC Studios. The channel began rolling out internationally in 2014, launching first in Australia. It is supported by extended localised advertising breaks.

BBC Studios
BBC Studios Limited is a British content company. It is a commercial subsidiary of the BBC that was formed in April 2018 through the merger of the BBC's commercial production arm and the BBC's commercial international distribution arm, BBC Worldwide. BBC Studios creates, develops, produces, distributes, broadcasts, finances and sells content around the world, returning around £200 million to the BBC annually in dividends and content investment.
Rachel Graton
Rachel Graton (born August 29, 1985) is a Canadian playwright and actress from Quebec. She is most noted for her play La nuit du 4 au 5, which won the Prix Gratien-Gélinas in 2017 and was shortlisted for the Governor General's Award for French-language drama at the 2019 Governor General's Awards.

As an actress, she has appeared in the films Miraculum, It's the Heart That Dies Last (C'est le cœur qui meurt en dernier), Ghost Town Anthology (Répertoire des villes disparues) and Tell Me Why These Things Are So Beautiful (Dis-moi pourquoi ces choses sont si belles), and the television series Trauma, Karl & Max, Boomerang, Au secours de Béatrice, Les Simone and Portrait-Robot (2021).

Prix Gratien-Gélinas
The Prix Gratien-Gélinas, originally known as Prime à la création du Fonds Gratien-Gélinas, is a Canadian theatre prize awarded for an original script with the aim of helping bring it to the stage. It was first awarded in 1994. It is presented by the Centre des auteurs dramatiques du Québec with the financial support of Quebecor, Cirque du Soleil and Ici Radio-Canada. Named in honour of Gratien Gélinas, it is considered the most important Canadian award recognizing emerging talent in francophone playwriting.