hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 protests in New Zealand
There were several COVID-19 protests in New Zealand held during the period of COVID-19 restrictions from 2020 to 2022, where people protested the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand, in particular the lockdown measures in place in March–May 2020, August 2020, and August–November 2021 and the later vaccine mandates. The protests were largely condemned by members of parliament, as well as local city and regional councils. Fears were also raised about the protests increasing the spread of the virus.

Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Protests, demonstrations and strikes occurred around the world against national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by governmental bodies. Some were driven by the financial hardship resulting from government measures to contain the virus, including restrictions on travel and entertainment, hitting related industries and workers hard. Protests also occurred in opposition to restrictions on people's movements, compulsory wearing of face masks, lockdowns, vaccinations and other measures that have been criticized for violating autonomy and freedom.

This article lists and summarizes such activities in various countries around the world.
Tsushima, Ehime
Tsushima (津島町, Tsushima-chō) was a town located in Kitauwa District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 13,284 and a density of 60.10 persons per km2. The total area was 221.05 km2.

On August 1, 2005, Tsushima, along with the towns of Mima and Yoshida (all from Kitauwa District), was merged into the expanded city of Uwajima.

Tsushima residents are also known for pearl farming and fish farming, as well as being part of the prefecture's mikan growing industry.

Nanrakuen Park is a beautiful place to go for a walk when you're there.  There's also a children's amusement area called Playland across the street.

Ehime Prefecture
Ehime Prefecture (愛媛県, Ehime-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [eꜜ.çi.me, e.çi.meꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,334,841 and a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the northeast, Tokushima Prefecture to the east, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southeast. Ehime Prefecture also borders Hiroshima Prefecture for 74 metres (243 ft) on Hyōtanjima.

Matsuyama is the capital and largest city of Ehime Prefecture and the largest city on Shikoku, with other major cities including Imabari, Niihama, and Saijō.

Notable past Ehime residents include three Nobel Prize winners: Kenzaburo Oe (1994 Nobel Prize in Literature), Shuji Nakamura (2014 Nobel Prize in Physics), and Syukuro Manabe (2021 Nobel Prize in Physics).
Kathleen D. Gordon-Gray
Kathleen Dixon Gordon-Gray (née Huntley) (born 24 January 1918, Pietermaritzburg, died 13 January 2012, Pietermaritzburg) was a South African botanist, plant collector, and educator noted for her expertise in the flora of Natal.  She worked as both a lecturer and professor of botany at the University of Natal.  In 1998 she was awarded the Senior (Silver) Medal of the South African Association of Botanists.  Her research publications primarily covered the taxonomy of Acacia, Cassia, Cyperaceae, and Gramineae.

University of Natal
The University of Natal was a university in the former South African province Natal which later became KwaZulu-Natal. The University of Natal no longer exists as a distinct legal entity, as it was incorporated into the University of KwaZulu-Natal on 1 January 2004. It was founded in 1910 as the Natal University College in Pietermaritzburg and expanded to include a campus in Durban in 1931. In 1947, the university opened a medical school for non-white students in Durban. The Pietermaritzburg campus was known for its agricultural engineering programmes, hence the nickname "the farmers" whilst the Durban campus was known as "the engineers," as it concentrated on other engineering programmes.

On 1 January 2004, the University of Natal was merged with the University of Durban-Westville to create a new legal entity called the University of KwaZulu-Natal, as part of a broader reorganisation of South African universities.
Christophe Dettinger
Christophe Dettinger, known as the "Gypsy of Massy" (born 3 May 1981), is a French professional boxer. He was the French Cruiserweight champion in 2007 and 2008. His career ended in 2013. In 2019, he was convicted of punching back two mobile gendarmes after clashes in Paris as part of the Yellow Vest Movement.

Cruiserweight (boxing)
Cruiserweight, also referred to as junior heavyweight, is a weight class in professional boxing between light heavyweight and heavyweight. Before the advent of the current cruiserweight class, "light heavyweight" and "cruiserweight" were sometimes used interchangeably in the United Kingdom.
Sara Lee Corporation
The Sara Lee Corporation was an American consumer-goods company based in Downers Grove, Illinois. The Sara Lee name was used of a number of frozen and packaged foods, often known for the long-running slogan "Everybody doesn't like something, but nobody doesn't like Sara Lee".

In 2005, Sara Lee Corporation had operations in more than 40 countries; sold food, beverage, and household products in over 180 countries; and had some 137,000 employees worldwide. In 2005, Sara Lee Corporation was split into two companies: one for North American operations renamed Hillshire Brands, which continued to use the Sara Lee name on bakery and certain deli products, and the other for international beverage and bakery businesses that was named D.E Master Blenders 1753. Hillshire Brands was acquired by Tyson Foods in 2014.

In 2018, Tyson Foods sold the Sara Lee brand and product line to private investment firm Kohlberg & Company.

Downers Grove, Illinois
Downers Grove is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1832 by Pierce Downer, whose surname serves as the eponym for the village. Per the 2020 census, the population of the village was 50,248. It is a south-western suburb of Chicago located between I-88 and I-55.
Davide Santon
Davide Santon (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdaːvide sanˈton]; born 2 January 1991) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a left wing-back.

A former Inter Milan youth product, Santon began his professional club career with Inter in 2008, and remained with the club until 2011, aside from a spell on loan with Cesena. He later had a four-year spell with English club Newcastle United, before returning to Inter in 2015. After three seasons, he signed with Roma.

After emerging through the youth ranks at Inter Milan, Santon was considered among the most promising young fullbacks in world football. However, persistent injury problems hindered his progress and number of appearances. In 2022, Santon announced his retirement at the age of 31, citing injury problems.

At international level, Santon made his senior debut with Italy in 2009, represented his nation at the FIFA Confederations Cup later that year, and earned 8 caps in total.

2009 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup was the eighth Confederations Cup, and was held in South Africa from 14 June to 28 June 2009, as a prelude to the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The draw was held on 22 November 2008 at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg. The opening match and the final was played at Ellis Park Stadium in Johannesburg. The tournament was won by Brazil, who retained the trophy they won in 2005 by defeating the United States 3–2 in the final.
Carl-Eric Björkegren
Carl-Eric Björkegren (born 9 October 1920 – disappeared 2 June 1994) was a Swedish director, art collector, and businessman. After a successful career within the steel conglomerate Sandvik AB, he transitioned into the financial industry - leveraging and acquiring real estate, stocks, and art. For many, he was a symbol of the 1980s boom economy. Björkegren was, for a period, one of Sweden's wealthiest individuals and possessed what was described as Sweden's finest private art collection. In the early 1990s, his empire crumbled, and he eventually declared personal bankruptcy with 1.3 billion Swedish kronor in debt. In 1994, he disappeared without a trace. On 11 November 2005, Björkegren was declared dead in absentia by the Stockholm District Court.

Sandvik
Sandvik AB is a Swedish multinational engineering company specializing in products and services for mining, rock excavation, rock drilling, rock processing (crushing and screening), metal cutting and machining. The company was founded in Gävleborg County, Sweden, in 1862. In 2024, it had approximately 41,000 employees and a revenue of 123 billion SEK, with sales in around 150 countries.
Jiamusi
Jiamusi (Manchu: ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠮᡠᠰᡳ Chinese: 佳木斯; pinyin: Jiāmùsī [ˌtɕiá.mû.sí]; Russian: Цзямусы; formerly Kiamusze) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. Located along the middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River, it faces Russia's Khabarovsk Krai across the Ussuri River and the Heilongjiang. In 2018, Jiamusi had a GDP of RMB 101.2 billion with a 4.3% growth rate. Its population was 2,156,505 at the 2020 census whom 862,555 lived in the built-up area comprising 4 urban districts. At the end of 2024, the total registered population of the city was 2.213 million, a decrease of 22,000 from the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 1.145 million, and the urbanization rate of the registered population is 51.7%.

Ussuri
The Ussuri (/uːˈsʊəri/ oo-SOOR-ee; Russian: Уссури [ʊsˈsurʲɪ]) or Wusuli (Chinese: 乌苏里; pinyin: wūsūlǐ [ǔsǔlî]) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China in the province of Heilongjiang. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and forming part of the Sino-Russian border (which is based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking of 1860), until it joins the Amur as a tributary near Khabarovsk. It is approximately 897 km (557 mi) long. The Ussuri drains the Ussuri basin, which covers 193,000 km2 (75,000 mi2). Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30–35%), and subterranean springs. The average discharge is 1,620 m3/s (57,000 cu ft/s), and the average elevation is 1,682 metres (5,518 ft).
Howard Marine and Dredging Co Ltd v A Ogden & Sons (Excavations) Ltd
Howard Marine and Dredging Co Ltd v A Ogden & Sons (Excavations) Ltd [1978] QB 574 is an English contract law case, concerning misrepresentation. It explains the test of "reasonable grounds for belief" under the Misrepresentation Act 1967 s 2(1), and raises the issue of the reasonableness test under s 3.

Misrepresentation Act 1967
The Misrepresentation Act 1967 (c. 7) is a United Kingdom act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which amended the common law principles of misrepresentation. Prior to the Act, the common law position was that there were two categories of misrepresentation: fraudulent and innocent. The effect of the act is primarily to create a new category by dividing innocent misrepresentation into two separate categories: negligent and "wholly" innocent; and it goes on to state the remedies in respect of each of the three categories.
Aston Martin Vantage (2005)
The Aston Martin Vantage is a series of hand-built sports cars from the British automotive manufacturer Aston Martin. Aston Martin has previously used the "Vantage" name on high-performance variants of their existing GT models, notably on the Virage-based car of the 1990s. The modern car, in contrast, is the leanest and most agile car in Aston's lineup. As such, it is intended as a more focused model to reach out to potential buyers of cars such as the Porsche 911 as well as the exotic sports and GT cars with which Aston Martins traditionally compete.

Production of the V8 Vantage ended in 2017 while production of the V12 Vantage continued until 2018. The 2005 Vantage and its variants became the most successful model in Aston Martin's history. Aston Martin unveiled the next-generation Vantage in November 2017, and started its production run the following year.

Aston Martin DBS (2007)
The Aston Martin DBS is a grand tourer based on the DB9 and manufactured by the British luxury automobile manufacturer Aston Martin.

Aston Martin has used the DBS name once before on their 1967–72 grand tourer coupé. The modern car replaced the 2004 Vanquish S as the flagship of the marque. The DBS ended production in 2012 and was succeeded by the second-generation of the Vanquish.
Ferrochrome
Ferrochrome or ferrochromium (FeCr) is a type of ferroalloy, that is, an alloy of chromium and iron, generally containing 50 to 70% chromium by weight.

Ferrochrome is produced by electric arc carbothermic reduction of chromite. Most of the global output is produced in South Africa, Kazakhstan and India, which have large domestic chromite resources. Increasing amounts are coming from Russia and China. Production of steel, especially that of stainless steel with chromium content of 10 to 20%, is the largest consumer and the main application of ferrochrome.

Carbothermic reaction
Carbothermic reactions involve the reduction of substances, often metal oxides (O2-), using carbon (C) as the reducing agent. The reduction is usually conducted in the electric arc furnace or reverberatory furnace, depending on the metal ore. These chemical reactions are usually conducted at temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius. Such processes are applied for production of the elemental forms of many elements. The ability of metals to participate in carbothermic reactions can be predicted from Ellingham diagrams.

Carbothermal reactions produce carbon monoxide (CO) and sometimes carbon dioxide (CO2).  The facility of these conversions is attributable to the entropy of reaction: two solids, the metal oxide (and flux) and carbon, are converted to a new solid (metal) and a gas (COx), the latter having high entropy.
Community Radio Network (Australia)
The Community Radio Network (CRN) in Australia is a satellite program feed available to subscribing community radio stations.  It was created and is managed by the Community Broadcasting Association of Australia (CBAA). The CRN does not produce the programs that are broadcast on the feed, but acts as a distributor of material supplied by member stations.

Australian Indigenous Communications Association
The Australian Indigenous Communications Association (AICA) is the peak body for Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander broadcasters.  It is the successor to the National Indigenous Media Association of Australia (NIMAA).
Grumman JF Duck
The Grumman JF "Duck" was an American single-engine amphibious biplane built by Grumman for the United States Navy during the 1930s. The J2F Duck was an improved version of the JF, with its main difference being a longer float.

Float (nautical)
A float (also called a pontoon) is an airtight hollow structure, similar to a pressure vessel, designed to provide buoyancy in water.  Its principal applications are in watercraft hulls, aircraft floats, floating piers, aquaculture, pontoon bridges, and marine engineering applications such as salvage.
Secrets (NCIS)
"Secrets" is the 15th episode of the ninth season of the American crime drama television series NCIS, and the 201st episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on February 14, 2012. The episode is written by Steven D. Binder and directed by Leslie Libman, and was seen by 19.59 million viewers.

In the episode, a Navy Captain is found dead with an unusual costume under his uniform, and Tony DiNozzo (Michael Weatherly) must work with his ex-fiancée to solve the case.

Anthony DiNozzo
Anthony D. "Tony" DiNozzo Jr. /dɪˈnoʊzoʊ/ is a fictional character in the CBS series NCIS, portrayed by Michael Weatherly. Created by Donald P. Bellisario, he appears as the senior field agent on Leroy Jethro Gibbs’ team for the first thirteen seasons, known for his charm, pop-culture humor and investigative skill. Early reception was mixed due to his chauvinistic behavior, though the character grew more positively received over time.

DiNozzo departs the series in season thirteen after learning he has a daughter with Ziva David, who is believed to have died. Weatherly later made a cameo in the season 21 episode "The Stories We Leave Behind" and subsequently reprised the role alongside Cote de Pablo for the spin-off NCIS: Tony & Ziva.
2025 U20 Rugby Championship
The 2025 U20 Rugby Championship, also known as 2025 TRC U20, was the second edition of the rugby union competition, the U20 Rugby Championship, the under-20 equivalent of The Rugby Championship, played by senior men's teams of Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. The tournament dates and venue were announced in April 2025, being hosted by South Africa, with every match being played at the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Gqeberha (formerly called Port Elizabeth), Eastern Cape.

New Zealand were the defending champions. On 11 May 2025, New Zealand defended their title, defeating the hosts South Africa in a close match, 45–48. Before the final match, Australia's 40–36 win against Argentina earlier in the day jumped them up into first place.

The Rugby Championship
The Rugby Championship, formerly known as the Tri Nations Series (1996–2011), is an international rugby union competition contested by Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. These are traditionally the four highest-ranked national teams in the Southern Hemisphere.

The competition is administered by SANZAAR, a consortium consisting of four national governing bodies: the South African Rugby Union (SARU), New Zealand Rugby (NZR), Rugby Australia (RA) and the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The inaugural Tri Nations Series tournament was in 1996, and was won by New Zealand. South Africa won their first title in 1998, and Australia their first in 2000. Following the last Tri Nations Series tournament in 2011, New Zealand had won ten championships, with South Africa and Australia on three titles each. The first Rugby Championship was won by New Zealand, who won all six of their matches.
Battery E, 1st Missouri Light Artillery Regiment
Battery E, 1st Missouri Light Artillery Regiment was an artillery battery unit from Missouri that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 1st Missouri Light Artillery Regiment formed on 1 September 1861. The battery participated in Frémont's expedition to Springfield in October 1861. This was followed by actions at Prairie Grove and Van Buren in December 1862. The following year, the battery fought at Cape Girardeau, Chalk Bluff, Vicksburg, the Expedition to Morganza, Brownsville, and Fort Esperanza. After performing garrison duty at Brownsville, Texas, the unit was mustered out in June 1864. For a few months at the end of 1864, a Pennsylvania battery took the name of this unit.

Battle of Stirling's Plantation
The Battle of Stirling's Plantation (also spelled Battle of Sterling's Plantation), also known as the Battle of Fordoche Bridge, was an American Civil War battle took place on September 29, 1863 in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana.
Yelena Produnova
Yelena Sergeyevna Produnova, also known as Elena (Russian: Елена Серге́евна Продунова; born 15 February 1980), is a Russian former competitive gymnast. Her senior international career lasted from 1995 to 2000 and earned her multiple world and Olympic medals. One of the most difficult vaults in women's gymnastics, the Produnova, is named after her. With a D-score of 6.0, the Produnova vault is tied with the Biles as having the second highest D-score in women's vault in the 2021–2024 quadrennium.

Code of Points (gymnastics)
The Code of Points is a rulebook that defines the scoring system for each level of competition in gymnastics. There is not a universal international Code of Points, and every oversight organization — such as the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), NCAA Gymnastics, and most national gymnastics federations — designs and employs its own different Code of Points.
British NVC community MC6
British NVC community MC6 (Atriplex prostrata - Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima sea-bird cliff community) is one of the maritime cliff communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of two communities associated with sea-bird cliffs.

This community is found in a number of coastal areas. There are no subcommunities.

British National Vegetation Classification
The British National Vegetation Classification or NVC is a system of classifying natural habitat types in Great Britain according to the vegetation they contain.

A large scientific meeting of ecologists, botanists, and other related professionals in the United Kingdom resulted in the publication of a compendium of five books: British Plant Communities, edited by John S. Rodwell, which detail the incidence of plant species in twelve major habitat types in the British natural environment. They are the first systematic and comprehensive account of the vegetation types of the country. They cover all natural, semi-natural and major artificial habitats in Great Britain (not Northern Ireland) and represent fifteen years of research by leading plant ecologists.

From the data collated from the books, commercial software products have been developed to help to classify vegetation identified into one of the many habitat types found in Great Britain – these include MATCH, TABLEFIT and MAVIS.
Canada Education Park
49°6′11.35″N 121°57′46.05″W﻿ / ﻿49.1031528°N 121.9627917°W﻿ / 49.1031528; -121.9627917

Canada Education Park (CEP) is located on the southside of Chilliwack at the former site of the Canadian army base called CFB Chilliwack. It is home to learning institutions including University of the Fraser Valley, Justice Institute of BC, and RCMP Pacific Region Training Centre.

Justice Institute of British Columbia
Justice Institute of British Columbia (JIBC) is a public, post-secondary educational institution in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada, that is focused on training professionals in the justice, public safety and social services fields. JIBC also has campuses in  Vancouver Island (Langford), Okanagan (Vernon), Chilliwack, Pitt Meadows, and Maple Ridge.
Oulujoki (municipality)
Oulujoki (formerly Oulun maalaiskunta or Oulu Rural Municipality) is a former municipality of Finland. The municipality had a population of 5,230 (1963) and covered a land area of 606.1 square kilometres (234.0 sq mi). Its neighbouring municipalities were Kempele, Kiiminki, Muhos, Oulu, Tyrnävä, Utajärvi and Ylikiiminki. The municipality was named after the river Oulujoki.

The municipality of Oulujoki was dissolved in 1965, and its area was annexed to Haukipudas, Kempele, Kiiminki, Oulu, Oulunsalo, Tyrnävä, Utajärvi and Ylikiiminki. Upon the later municipal mergers of 2009 and 2013 the major part of the area of the municipality of Oulujoki is now part of Oulu.

Tyrnävä
Tyrnävä (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈtyrnæʋæ]) is a municipality in the North Ostrobothnia region of Finland with a population of 6,538
(30 June 2025). It covers an area of 494.85 square kilometres (191.06 sq mi), of
which 3.07 km2 (1.19 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
13.29 inhabitants per square kilometre (34.4/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The city of Oulu is located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the center of Tyrnävä.

The most important product of Tyrnävä is potatoes. The municipality has a lot of seed potato production, and the Tyrnävä's region is defined as one of the four high-quality seed potato growing areas in the European Union.