hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rayanapadu
Rayanapadu is a residential hub located in western part of Vijayawada in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It falls under Vijayawada Rural mandal in Vijayawada revenue division of NTR district. Guntupalli Railway Wagon Workshop is located at a distance of 3.5 km from here. There is a proposal to merge this place into Vijayawada Municipal Corporation (VMC) to form a Greater Vijayawada Municipal Corporation.

Vijayawada Rural mandal
Vijayawada Rural mandal is one of the 20 mandals in NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Vijayawada revenue division and has its headquarters at Nunna. The mandal is bounded by Ibrahimpatnam, G. Konduru, Gannavaram, Kankipadu, Penamaluru and Patamata (Vijayawada east) Mandals. The mandal is also a part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region under the jurisdiction of APCRDA.
Wilderness Island
Wilderness Island is the 2.7 hectare island between the Wandle and Wrythe in Carshalton in the London Borough of Sutton. It is designated a Local Nature Reserve and a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation, is owned by Sutton Council and is managed by the London Wildlife Trust.

River Wandle
The River Wandle is a right-bank tributary of the River Thames in south London, England. With a total length of about 9 miles (14 km), the river passes through the London boroughs of Croydon, Sutton,  Merton and Wandsworth, where it reaches the Thames. A short headwater – the Caterham Bourne – is partially in Surrey, the historic county of the river's catchment. Tributaries of the Wandle include Carshalton Ponds and Norbury Brook.

The Wandle Trail follows the course of the river from Croydon to Wandsworth.
William Bull (botanist)
William Bull FLS VMH (1828–1902) was an English botanist, nurseryman and plant collector. He was born in Winchester and in 1861 purchased the nursery of John Weeks and Company in King's Road, Chelsea. He introduced into cultivation many plants from other countries, including orchids from Colombia and Liberia. John Carder and Edward Shuttleworth collected plants for William Bull.

The vast stock of the firm William Bull And Sons, headquartered at Kings Road, Chelsea, made it famous worldwide. When Ceylon was struck by a coffee-plant disease, Hemileia vastatrix, it was able to supply planters with a variety called Coffea liberica, which was immune to the disease. With the retirement of Edward Bull in 1916, by then the sole proprietor, the firm closed.

Bull was elected in 1866 a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London. In 1897 he received the Victoria Medal of Honour of the Royal Horticultural Society.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Preboot Execution Environment
In computing, the Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE; often pronounced as /ˈpɪksiː/ pixie), often called PXE boot (pixie boot), is a specification describing a standardized client–server environment that boots a software assembly, retrieved from a network, on PXE-enabled clients.  On the client side it requires only a PXE-capable network interface controller (NIC), and uses a small set of industry-standard network protocols such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).

The concept behind the PXE originated in the early days of protocols like BOOTP/DHCP/TFTP, and as of 2015 it forms part of the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) standard. In modern data centers, PXE is the most frequent choice for operating system booting, installation and deployment.

Network interface controller
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface controller built into the motherboard or contained in a USB-connected dongle, although network cards remain available.

Modern network interface controllers offer advanced features such as interrupt and DMA interfaces to the host processors, support for multiple receive and transmit queues, partitioning into multiple logical interfaces, and on-controller network traffic processing such as the TCP offload engine.
Stephen K. Benjamin
Stephen Keith Benjamin (born December 1, 1969) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the Senior Advisor to the President and Director of the White House Office of Public Engagement under President Joe Biden from April 1,  2023 to  January 20, 2025. Benjamin previously as Mayor of Columbia, South Carolina from July 1, 2010 to January 4, 2022 becoming the city’s first African American mayor. He has also held leadership roles in several national organizations, including serving as President of both the U.S. Conference of Mayors and the African American Mayors Association.

White House Office of Public Liaison
The White House Office of Public Liaison (OPL) is a unit of the White House Office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States. Under President Barack Obama, it was renamed to the Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs (OPE-IGA). President Donald Trump restored the prior name of the Office of Public Liaison (OPL) and re-separated the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs. President Joe Biden changed the name to Office of Public Engagement (OPE) with a separate IGA office, which was once again reverted in Trump's second term.
Ulmus parvifolia 'DavesStraightUp'
Ulmus parvifolia 'DavesStraightUp' (selling name DannaSpire) is a Chinese Elm cultivar notable for its narrow profile. It was cloned by Dave Dannaher of Dannaher Nursery, Galena, Ohio, from a seedling selected there in 2001, sown from a non-cultivar Lacebark elm, and first propagated in 2010. After evaluation for consistency in habit, the variety was patented and released in 2020 (USPP31914), being introduced by Plantipp and grown under licence with Concept Plants.

Ulmus parvifolia
Ulmus parvifolia, commonly known as the Chinese elm or lacebark elm, is a species native to eastern Asia, including China, India, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Siberia, and Kazakhstan. It has been described as "one of the most splendid elms, having the poise of a graceful Nothofagus".
Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man
Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man is a 1962 American adventure film directed by Martin Ritt based on Ernest Hemingway's semi-autobiographical character Nick Adams, and featuring Richard Beymer as Adams. A.E. Hotchner wrote the screenplay, originally calling the film Ernest Hemingway's "Young Man". The cast includes Diane Baker, Jessica Tandy, Ricardo Montalbán, Eli Wallach, Arthur Kennedy and Paul Newman. It was released in July 1962.

A. E. Hotchner
Aaron Edward Hotchner (June 28, 1917 – February 15, 2020) was an American editor, novelist, playwright, and biographer. He wrote many television screenplays as well as noted biographies of Doris Day and Ernest Hemingway. He co-founded the charity food company Newman's Own with actor Paul Newman.
Jana Pittman
Jana Pittman (born 9 November 1982) is an Australian former athlete. During her athletic career Pittman specialised in the 400 metres run and 400-metre hurdles events. She is a two-time world champion in the 400 m hurdles, from 2003 and 2007. She also won the gold medal in this event at the 2002 and 2006 Commonwealth Games and was part of Australia's winning 4 × 400 metres relay teams at both events.

Pittman is one of only eleven athletes (along with Valerie Adams, Usain Bolt, Veronica Campbell-Brown, Armand Duplantis, Jacques Freitag, Yelena Isinbayeva, Kirani James, Faith Kipyegon, Dani Samuels, and David Storl) to win World Championship titles at the youth, junior, and senior levels of an athletic event.

Pittman also competed in the two-woman bobsleigh at the 2014 Winter Olympics, making her the first Australian female athlete to compete in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games.

2007 World Championships in Athletics
The 11th World Championships in Athletics, (Japanese: 2007年世界陸上競技選手権大会) under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held at Nagai Stadium in Osaka, Japan from 24 August to 2 September 2007. 200 of the IAAF's 212 member federations entered a total of 1,978 athletes, the greatest number of competitors at any World Championships to date. Sarah Brightman, the world's best-selling soprano, performed her single Running at the opening ceremony.
Bamberg-Refraktor
The Bamberg-Refraktor is a large telescope. The refracting telescope has an aperture of 320 millimetres, a focal length of five metres and is located in the Wilhelm Foerster Observatory in the Berlin district of Schöneberg.

The name "Bamberg" goes back to the builder of the telescope, Carl Bamberg (* 12. Juli 1847 in Kranichfeld; † 4. Juni 1892 in Friedenau), and the term "refractor" (Latin re = 'back' and frangere = 'refract') means that the telescope is made exclusively with light-refracting optical lenses and does not use mirrors or zone plates.

Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras. They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia.
Sean McDermott (baseball)
Sean McDermott is a baseball coach and former shortstop, who is the current head baseball coach of the UIC Flames. He played college baseball at Indian Hills Community College from 1990 to 1991, before transferring to Lincoln Memorial from 1992–1993. He then served as the head coach of the Viterbo V-Hawks (1996–1998).

Viterbo University
Viterbo University is a private Catholic university in La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1890 by the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration, Viterbo is home to three colleges with nine schools offering 48 academic programs at the associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral levels.

Viterbo is one of 23 Franciscan colleges and universities in the United States, with 1,904 undergraduate and graduate students and over 23,000 alumni.  Viterbo is a member of the NAIA and the Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference; its athletic teams are known as the V-Hawks.
C. J. Henderson (writer)
Chris "C. J." Henderson (December 26, 1951 – July 4, 2014) was an American writer of horror, hardboiled crime fiction and comic books, known for such works as the Piers Knight and Teddy London series. His comics work includes books for Marvel Comics and Valiant Comics.

Hardboiled
Hardboiled (or hard-boiled) fiction is a literary genre that shares some of its characters and settings with crime fiction (especially detective fiction and noir fiction). The genre's typical protagonist is a detective who battles the violence of organized crime that flourished during Prohibition in the United States (1920–1933) and its aftermath, while dealing with a legal system that has become as corrupt as the organized crime itself. Rendered cynical by this cycle of violence, the detectives of hardboiled fiction are often antiheroes. Notable hardboiled detectives include Dick Tracy, Philip Marlowe, Nick Charles, Mike Hammer, Sam Spade, Lew Archer, Slam Bradley, and The Continental Op.
Legal relationship
A legal relationship, jural relationship, or legal relation is a connection between two persons or other entities that is governed by law. A legal relationship may exist, for example, between two individuals or between an individual and a government. Legal relationships often imply rights and obligations. Examples of legal relationships include contracts, marriage, and citizenship. As with other fundamental legal concepts, many different ways of defining and classifying legal relationships have been put forward.

Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.

The history of social conflicts has often involved attempts to define and redefine rights. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived".
Gloria Douglas
Gloria Edna Douglas (born May 4, 1992) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder or striker for Segunda Federación club Pradejón. Born in the mainland United States, she is a Puerto Rico international.

Puerto Rico women's national football team
The Puerto Rico women's national football team (Spanish: Selección femenina de fútbol de Puerto Rico) represents Puerto Rico in women's international football, and are governed by the Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol (FPF).
Barbara Yancy
Barbara Young Yancy (née Young; March 25, 1934 – April 24, 1996) was an American politician who served in the Mississippi State Senate from 1971 to 1972. A member of the Democratic Party, she won the special election to fill the Senate seat of her husband, Jesse L. Yancy Jr., who died in 1970. She later worked for Governor Cliff Finch as the director of the Governor's Action Line, a state-run helpline.

Helpline
A helpline, or switchboard,  is a telephone service which offers help to those who call. Many helpline services now offer more than telephone support - offering access to information, advice or customer service via telephone, email, web or SMS. 
The word hotline is also sometimes used to refer to a helpline.
A helpline can provide emotional support to a person in distress in its minimalistic form. It may help the individual.

Services include:

user assistance, for example computer software support

telephone counseling, medical hotlines, insolvency hotlines, crisis hotlines and many other types of hotlines.
Un love
un love is the third album from Canadian indie folk band, Reuben and the Dark. The album was released barely 18 months after its predecessor, Arms of a Dream. Besides being described as indie rock and folk-rock, some reviewers began describing the band as alternative rock.

Arms of a Dream
Arms of a Dream is the second album by Canadian indie folk band, Reuben and the Dark. Four years separate this album and its predecessor (Funeral Sky), which Reuben Bullock, the band's singer and guitarist, attributed to over-complicating the recording process.

The album title is borrowed from a poem that singer/guitarist Reuben Bullock had written previous to the recording of the album.
Hardy space
In complex analysis, the Hardy spaces (or Hardy classes)  are spaces of holomorphic functions on the unit disk or upper half plane. They were introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1923), who named them after G. H. Hardy, because of the paper (Hardy 1915). In real analysis Hardy spaces are spaces of distributions on the real n-space , defined (in the sense of distributions) as boundary values of the holomorphic functions. Hardy spaces are related to the Lp spaces. For  these Hardy spaces are subsets of  spaces, while for  the  spaces have some undesirable properties, and the Hardy spaces are much better behaved. Hence,  spaces can be considered extensions of  spaces.

Hardy spaces have a number of applications, both in mathematical analysis itself as well as in interdisciplinary areas such as control theory (e.g.  methods) and scattering theory.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Rachel Hill
Rachel Morgan Hill (born April 17, 1995) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward for Racing Louisville FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL).

Hill played college soccer for the UConn Huskies, earning first-team All-American honors in 2015. She was drafted in the second round of the 2017 NWSL College Draft and immediately had her rights traded to the Orlando Pride, where she played three seasons. She went on loan to Perth Glory twice and was named in the W-League PFA Team of the Season both seasons. She was traded to the Chicago Red Stars in 2020, scoring the lone goal for the club in their loss in the 2021 NWSL Championship. In 2023, she signed with the San Diego Wave and won the NWSL Shield in her only season with the club. She was then selected by Bay FC with the fifth overall pick in the 2024 NWSL Expansion Draft.

She represented the United States on the under-20 and under-23 teams, appearing at the 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.

United States women's national under-23 soccer team
The U-23 Women’s Youth National Team, operated under the auspices of U.S. Soccer, plays a pivotal role in bridging the significant gap between college soccer and the development of players for the full Women’s National Team. It functions as a crucial development partner with the NWSL.

In response to FIFA’s decision to shift its oldest youth world championship from Under-19s to Under-20s and a change in the Nordic Cup competition that became a U-23 event, the team transitioned from Under-21 to Under-23 in 2008. Following the conclusion of the Nordic Cup in 2009, the U.S. U-23s have engaged in various international competitions, primarily in Spain and Scandinavia. In recent years, they have participated in an NWSL preseason tournament in Portland, where they compete in three games against NWSL clubs.
Birds-2
Birds-2 is the second iteration of a multinational program called the Joint Global Multi-Nations Birds Satellite project, or Birds project, to help countries build their first satellite. The Japanese Kyushu Institute of Technology (KIT) supported the design and fabrication of the satellites. The satellites were launched by the Falcon 9 Full Thrust rocket as a part of the SpaceX CRS-15 mission on 29 June 2018. The satellites were released from the Kibō module of the International Space Station (ISS) in August 2018.

Kibō (ISS module)
Kibō (Japanese: きぼう; lit. 'Hope'), also known as the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), is a Japanese science module for the International Space Station (ISS) developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module. The first two pieces of the module were launched on Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-124. The third and final components were launched on STS-127.
Cultural memory
Cultural memory is a form of collective memory shared by a group of people who share a culture. The theory posits that memory is not just an individual, private experience but also part of the collective domain, which both shapes the future and our understanding of the past. It has become a topic in both historiography, which emphasizes the process of forming cultural memory, and cultural studies, which emphasizes the implications and objects of cultural memory.

Two schools of thought have emerged: one articulates that the present shapes our understanding of the past, while the other assumes that the past has an influence on our present behavior. It has, however, been pointed out  that these two approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive.

The idea of cultural memory draws heavily on European social anthropology, especially German and French. It is not well established in the English-speaking world.

Collective memory
Collective memory is the shared pool of memories, knowledge and information of a social group that is significantly associated with the group's identity. The English phrase "collective memory" and the equivalent French phrase "la mémoire collective" appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century. The philosopher and sociologist Maurice Halbwachs analyzed and advanced the concept of the collective memory in the book Les cadres sociaux de la mémoire (1925).

Collective memory can be constructed, shared, and passed on by large and small social groups. Examples of these groups can include nations, generations, communities, among others.

Collective memory has been a topic of interest and research across a number of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, history, philosophy, and anthropology.
Brother and Sister
"Brother and Sister" (also "Little Sister and Little Brother"; German: Brüderchen und Schwesterchen) is a European fairy tale which was, among others, written down by the Brothers Grimm (KHM 11). It is a tale of Aarne–Thompson Type 450. In Russia the story was more commonly known as "Sister Alionushka, Brother Ivanushka", and collected by Alexander Afanasyev in his Narodnye russkie skazki.

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.