hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1650–1700 in Western fashion
Fashion in the period 1650–1700 in Western clothing is characterized by rapid change. The style of this era is known as Baroque. Following the end of the Thirty Years' War and the Restoration of England's Charles II, military influences in men's clothing were replaced by a brief period of decorative exuberance which then sobered into the coat, waistcoat and breeches costume that would reign for the next century and a half. In the normal cycle of fashion, the broad, high-waisted silhouette of the previous period was replaced by a long, lean line with a low waist for both men and women. This period also marked the rise of the periwig as an essential item of men's fashion.

Waistcoat
A waistcoat (UK and Commonwealth, /ˈweɪs(t)koʊt/ or /ˈwɛskət/;  colloquially called a weskit) or vest (US and Canada) is a sleeveless upper-body garment. It is usually worn over a dress shirt and necktie and below a coat as a part of most men's formal wear. It is also sported as the third piece in the traditional three-piece male suit. Any given waistcoat can be simple or ornate, or for leisure or luxury. Historically, the waistcoat can be worn either in the place of, or underneath, a larger coat, dependent upon the weather, wearer, and setting.

Daytime formal wear and semi-formal wear commonly comprises a contrastingly coloured waistcoat, such as in buff or dove gray, still seen in morning dress and black lounge suit. Traditionally, a white waistcoat is worn for white tie and a black one for black tie.
Velvet season
Velvet season (Russian: Бархатный сезон, Ukrainian: Оксамитовий сезон) is a term for early autumn, one of the most comfortable times of the year for people to vacation in the subtropics, particularly in the mediterranean that was known as the "Russian Riviera". During the velvet season, the weather is not as hot as in mid-summer months, but is still quite warm, even at night. In North America, an analogy of "velvet season" is the Indian summer.

Caucasian Riviera
The Caucasian Riviera is a subtropical coastal zone along the eastern shores of the Black Sea under the Caucasus Mountains, with Krasnaya Polyana being the most known alpine ski resort. Riviera runs from Novorossiysk, Russia to Sarpi, Georgia. The area is divided into five regions, of which four (Adjara, Guria, Samegrelo, and Abkhazia) are located in Georgia, and one (the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Krai) is in Russia. The Caucasian Riviera is 600 km (370 mi) long, 350 km (220 mi) of which belongs to Russia and 250 km (160 mi) to Georgia.

The coast is located on the same latitude as the French Riviera, the Italian Riviera, New York City and the Korean Peninsula, the Caucasian Riviera combines Mediterranean-like warmth with dramatic mountainous backdrops.
2008 Oregon Ducks football team
The 2008 Oregon Ducks football team represented the University of Oregon as a member of the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) during the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by Mike Bellotti in his 14th and final season as head coach, the Ducks compiled an overall record of 10–3 with a mark of 7–2 in conference play, tying for second place in the Pac-10. Oregon was invited to the Holiday Bowl, where the Ducks defeated Oklahoma State, 42–31. The team played home games at Autzen Stadium in Eugene, Oregon.

Bellotti promoted to become the school's athletic director after the season.

Jeremiah Johnson (gridiron football)
Jeremiah Alex Johnson (born February 15, 1987) is a former American gridiron football running back. He was signed by the Houston Texans as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Oregon.

Johnson has been a member of the Washington Redskins, Carolina Panthers, Denver Broncos, Toronto Argonauts, Ottawa Redblacks, BC Lions, and Montreal Alouettes.
Abdur Rab Jaunpuri
ʿAbd ar-Rabb Jaunpūrī (Urdu: عبد الرب جونپوری, Bengali: আব্দুর রব জৌনপুরী; 1875 – June 1935) was an Indian Muslim scholar, author and teacher. He was associated with Taiyuni reformist movement, founded by his grandfather Karamat Ali Jaunpuri, and succeeded his uncle Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri as the leader of the movement in 1899.

Karamat Ali Jaunpuri
Karāmat ʿAlī Jaunpūrī (Urdu: کرامت علی جونپوری, Bengali: কারামত আলী জৌনপুরী; 12 June 1800 – 30 May 1873), born as Muḥammad ʿAlī Jaunpūrī, was a nineteenth-century Indian Muslim social reformer and founder of the Taiyuni movement. He played a major role in propagating to the masses of Bengal and Assam via public sermons, and wrote over forty books. Syed Ameer Ali is one of his notable students.
2010 U.S. Senior Open
The 2010 U.S. Senior Open was a senior major golf championship and the 31st U.S. Senior Open, held July 29 to August 1 at Sahalee Country Club in Sammamish, Washington, a suburb east of Seattle. It was the first U.S. Senior Open played at the course, which hosted the PGA Championship in 1998.

World Golf Hall of Fame member Bernhard Langer won by three strokes over Seattle native Fred Couples, his second senior major championship victory in as many weeks.

2010 Senior Open Championship
The 2010 Senior Open Championship was a senior major golf championship and the 24th Senior Open Championship, held from 22–25 July at Carnoustie Golf Links in Carnoustie, Scotland. It was the first Senior Open Championship played at the course and the eighth Senior Open Championship played as a senior major championship.

World Golf Hall of Fame member Bernhard Langer won by one stroke over 1995 U.S. Open champion Corey Pavin. The 2010 event was Langer's first senior major championship victory.
Johan Botha (cricketer)
Johan Botha (born 2 May 1982) is a South African-Australian cricket coach, cricketer, and long-distance runner who played for the South African national team between 2005 and 2012. He moved to Australia in 2012 to play in the country's domestic leagues, and in 2016 became an Australian citizen. In January 2019, he retired from all forms of the game. However, in December 2020, he made a comeback as a replacement player for the Hobart Hurricanes in the 2020–21 Big Bash League.

2020–21 Big Bash League season
The 2020–21 Big Bash League season or BBL|10 was the tenth season of the Big Bash League, the professional men's Twenty20 domestic cricket competition in Australia. On 15 July 2020, Cricket Australia confirmed the fixtures for the tournament, with the first match taking place on 10 December 2020 and the final on 6 February 2021 The majority of the matches played at night.

Sydney Sixers were the defending champions. They successfully defended their title following a 27-run victory over Perth Scorchers in the final.
Basilis Gidas
Basilis Gidas is an applied mathematician at Brown University, interested in many applications of mathematics. Following degrees in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and mathematics, he obtained a combined Ph.D. in physics and nuclear engineering at the University of Michigan in 1970. He is an elected fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. He has had past appointments in various mathematics and physics departments at the Institute for Advanced Study, Rutgers University, Rockefeller University, Bielefeld University, University of Washington, and University of Michigan.

His collaborations with Luis Caffarelli, Wei-Ming Ni, Louis Nirenberg, and Joel Spruck resulted in six papers in pure mathematics, five of which rank among the most cited in the field of elliptic partial differential equations. The collaboration of Gidas, Ni, and Nirenberg in particular was cited in the awarding of the Abel Prize to Nirenberg.

Luis Caffarelli
Luis Ángel Caffarelli (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlwis 'anxel kafaˈɾeli]; born December 8, 1948) is an Argentine-American mathematician. He studies partial differential equations and their applications. Caffarelli is a professor of mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin, and the winner of the 2023 Abel Prize.
Eucteniza
Eucteniza ( /juːktəˈnaɪzə/ yook-tə-NY-zə) is a genus of trapdoor spiders in the family Euctenizidae containing at least 14 species occurring in Mexico and the southern United States. Species are distinguished by a softened rear portion of the carapace, and males possess large spines on the first two pairs of walking legs that are used to hold females during mating. Like other trapdoor spiders they create burrows with a hinged lid, from which they await passing insects and other arthropods to prey upon. Many species are known from only one or two localities, or from only male specimens. More species are expected to be discovered. Eucteniza is closely related to spiders of the genera Entychides and Neoapachella.

Neoapachella
Neoapachella is a monotypic genus of North American mygalomorph trapdoor spiders in the family Euctenizidae containing the single species, Neoapachella rothi. It was first described by Jason Bond & B. D. Opell in 2002, and has only been found in Arizona and New Mexico. They are small to medium-sized spiders, reaching about 20.7 mm (0.81 in) in body length. It is named in honor of the Apaches as well as arachnologist Vincent D. Roth.
Sam Mitchell (basketball)
Samuel E. Mitchell Jr. (born September 2, 1963) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. Playing at small forward, Mitchell's 18-year professional basketball career spanned three decades, and was most notable for his ten seasons with the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves, whom he also coached as an interim for the 2015–16 season. Mitchell coached for the Toronto Raptors from 2004 to 2008 as well, winning Coach of the Year Award in 2007.

Mitchell has since worked as an analyst for TSN, NBA TV, and works as a talk show co-host/analyst on SiriusXM NBA Radio.

2015–16 NBA season
The 2015–16 NBA season was the 70th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 27, 2015, at the United Center, home of the Chicago Bulls, with their game against the Cleveland Cavaliers. The 2016 NBA All-Star Game was played at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on February 14, 2016. The regular season ended on April 13, 2016. Golden State's Stephen Curry became the first unanimous MVP in league history. The playoffs started on April 16, 2016, and ended with the 2016 NBA Finals on June 19, 2016, with the Cleveland Cavaliers becoming NBA Champions for the first time in franchise history after defeating the Golden State Warriors in seven games. This would also be the final season for All-Stars and future Hall of Famers Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan and Kevin Garnett. This would feature the last game 7 in the finals until 2025.
Jimmy Saxton
James Everett Saxton Jr. (May 21, 1940 – May 28, 2014) was an American professional football player who was a halfback for the Dallas Texans of the American Football League (AFL) in 1962, when the team won the AFL Championship. He played college football at Texas, where he was an All-American and a finalist for the Heisman Trophy in 1961. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1996.

1961 All-America college football team
The 1961 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1961. The six selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1961 season are (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (4) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (5) the Sporting News, and (6) the United Press International (UPI).
Keithley Instruments
Keithley Instruments is a measurement and instrument company headquartered in Solon, Ohio, that develops, manufactures, markets, and sells data acquisition products, as well as complete systems for high-volume production and assembly testing.

In September, 2010, the company agreed to sell itself to the Danaher Corporation, a Washington, D.C.–based conglomerate, for $21.60 per share.  It was soon merged with Tektronix, Inc, which had been acquired by Danaher in 2007, and now exists wholly as a brand of Tektronix.

Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc., historically widely known as Tek, is an American company best known for manufacturing test and measurement devices such as oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and video and mobile test protocol equipment.  Originally an independent company, it is now a subsidiary of Ralliant, a spinoff from Fortive.
2018–19 Liga MX Femenil season
The 2018–19 Liga MX Femenil season was the second season of the top-flight women's football league in Mexico. The season was contested by eighteen teams, all being the counterpart women's teams of the men's league clubs Liga MX. The season was split into two championships—the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura—each in an identical format and each contested by the same eighteen teams. Unlike the inaugural season, all eighteen Liga MX clubs fielded a women's team.

Liga MX Femenil
Liga MX Femenil, officially named as Liga BBVA MX Femenil for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league and the highest level of women's football in Mexico. Supervised by the Federación Mexicana de Fútbol, it has 18 participating teams, each coinciding with a Liga MX club.

Following the same schedule as the men's league, each season consist of two tournaments: an Apertura tournament, which takes place from July to December, and a Clausura tournament, which takes place from January to May.

Tigres UANL is the most successful team with 7 titles, followed by Monterrey with 4 titles, Guadalajara and América with two titles each, and Pachuca with one title. In all, only these five clubs have won the Liga MX Femenil at least once.

The current champions are Tigres UANL who defeated Club America with a 4–3 aggregate score in the Apertura 2025 final in November 2025.
1952 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1952 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1952 college football season. The Tar Heels were led by tenth-year head coach Carl Snavely, and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Southern Conference for the last time, before North Carolina and six other schools broke off from the SoCon to form the Atlantic Coast Conference.

At the conclusion of the season, Snavely resigned as head coach after ten seasons. He posted a record of 59–35–5 while at UNC, retiring as the school's all-time winningest coach.

Kenan Stadium
Kenan Stadium (formerly Kenan Memorial Stadium) is a college football stadium located on Stadium Drive in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Opened in 1927, it is home to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's (UNC) football team, which competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The facility replaced Emerson Field, where the school's football program had been based since 1916. Plans for the stadium began as attendance increased. Ground was broken on the stadium in December 1926 and work completed in August 1927. The stadium hosted its first game on November 12, 1927, when the Tar Heels faced the Davidson Wildcats, where the Tar Heels won 27–0 in front of 9,000 spectators. On November 24, 1927, the stadium was officially opened and dedicated during a game where the Tar Heels hosted the Virginia Cavaliers and won 14–13.
Louisiana Highway 181
Louisiana Highway 181 (LA 181) is a state highway located in central Louisiana.  It runs 4.22 miles (6.79 km) in a north–south direction from LA 115 in Lone Pine to U.S. Highway 71 (US 71) in Cheneyville.

The route connects the small town of Cheneyville in southeastern Rapides Parish with Interstate 49 (I-49) and points along rural LA 115.

Interstate 49 in Louisiana
Interstate 49 (I-49) is an Interstate Highway that currently spans 244.021 miles (392.714 km) in a north–south direction in the US state of Louisiana. Currently, I-49 runs from I-10 in Lafayette to the Arkansas state line. I-49 greatly parallels the older US Highway 71 (US 71) corridor, and connects the state's two east–west Interstates at two of its metropolitan centers. Along the way, it serves the cities of Opelousas, Alexandria, and Natchitoches, intersecting several cross-state highways, such as I-20, US 190, US 167, US 165, and US 84.

I-49 was an intrastate Interstate Highway until December 12, 2012, when the designation was officially approved for an upgraded portion of US 71 in Missouri running from Joplin north to Kansas City. A southern extension of the route from Lafayette to New Orleans is planned along the US 90 corridor, when completed, I-49 will run continuous from Texarkana to New Orleans.
Jaguares (Super Rugby)
The Jaguares were an Argentine professional rugby union team based in Buenos Aires, Argentina. They were founded in 2015 and are the first Argentine team to play in SANZAAR's Super Rugby competition, participating from the 2016 Super Rugby season onwards. They were the runners up during the  2019 Super Rugby season, losing to the Crusaders 19–3 in the Super Rugby Final, played on 6 July 2019. They participated in Super Rugby until the end of the 2020 Super Rugby season, before they departed the competition having not been named in any of the regionalised formats for the 2021 Super Rugby season.
With no competition in sight, players moved to different clubs in Europe and the national group disintegrated.
The Jaguares disbanded permanently in December 2022 due to the expansion of Super Rugby Americas, dividing into two new teams, Dogos XV and Pampas XV.

2021 Super Rugby season
The 2021 Super Rugby season was the 26th season of Super Rugby, an annual men's international rugby union tournament organised by SANZAAR, involving teams from Australia and New Zealand. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the tournament was wholly regionalised, with the 2021 Super Rugby Aotearoa season and the 2021 Super Rugby AU season replacing the previous 15 side format used from 2018 till 2020. Super Rugby Trans-Tasman followed these tournaments, a crossover competition that featured the five Australian sides playing the five New Zealand sides.
2023–24 Liga MX season
The 2023–24 Liga MX season (known as the Liga BBVA MX for sponsorship reasons) was the 77th professional season of the top-flight football league in Mexico. The season was divided into two championships—the Apertura 2023 and the Clausura 2024—each in an identical format and each contested by the same eighteen teams.

2025 CONCACAF Champions Cup
The 2025 CONCACAF Champions Cup was the 60th season of the CONCACAF Champions Cup, the premier club association football tournament for North, Central America, and the Caribbean's organized by CONCACAF. It was a five-round knockout tournament, with 27 teams that qualified based on their national and zonal league and cup competitions; the first four rounds were played as a two-legged series at the home stadiums of the respective teams.

Cruz Azul won their record-tying seventh title, defeating Vancouver Whitecaps of MLS in the final 5–0. As winners, they qualified for the 2029 FIFA Club World Cup and the 2025 FIFA Intercontinental Cup.
Judicial independence
Judicial independence is the concept that the judiciary should be independent from the other branches of government, meaning that courts should not be subject to improper influence from those branches or from private or partisan interests. Judicial independence is an important component of the separation of powers.

Different countries deal with the idea of judicial independence through different means of judicial selection, that is, choosing judges. One method seen as promoting judicial independence is by granting life tenure or long tenure for judges, as it would ideally free them to decide cases and make rulings according to the rule of law and judicial discretion, even if those decisions are politically unpopular or opposed by powerful interests. This concept can be traced back to 18th-century England.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
2008 Atlanta Falcons season
The 2008 Atlanta Falcons season was the 43rd season for the team in the National Football League (NFL). Overcoming a disappointing 4–12 record, quarterback Michael Vick's dog fighting scandal and head coach Bobby Petrino's abrupt resignation in 2007, the Falcons, who were expected to be in a rebuilding phase, completed the regular season with a surprising 11–5 record and earned the #5 seed in the NFC playoffs under first-year head coach Mike Smith; however, the team fell to the eventual NFC champion Arizona Cardinals in the wild-card round of the playoffs.

Mike Smith was named 2008 NFL Coach of the Year, and quarterback Matt Ryan earned the Offensive Rookie of the Year Award.

Jason Elam
Jason Douglas Elam (EE-ləm; born March 8, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Denver Broncos. He was selected by Denver in the third round of the 1993 NFL draft and played 15 seasons with the Broncos and two with the Atlanta Falcons.

A three-time Pro Bowl selection, Elam won two Super Bowl rings with the Broncos and was tied with Tom Dempsey, Sebastian Janikowski, and David Akers for the longest field goal in NFL history at 63 yards. That record was broken by another Bronco, Matt Prater, in 2013 with a 64-yard field goal, which was then broken by Justin Tucker in 2021 with a 66-yard field goal, which was then broken by Cam Little in 2025 with a 68-yard field goal.
2010 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 2010 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the Terrapins' (also officially known as the "Terps") 58th season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and its sixth within the ACC's Atlantic Division. They played their home games at  Byrd Stadium and were led by head coach Ralph Friedgen. Maryland finished the season 9–4 overall and 5–3 in ACC play. The Terrapins were invited to the Military Bowl, where they defeated East Carolina, 51–20.

Friedgen was fired at the end of the season. He was replaced on January 2, 2011, by Randy Edsall, who was the head coach at Connecticut for the previous 12 seasons (1999–2010).

As of 2026, this is Maryland's last season where they were ranked in the AP Poll at any point during the season.

Danny O'Brien (gridiron football)
Daniel Matthew O'Brien (born September 26, 1990) is an American football coach and former quarterback. He is currently the Quarterbacks Coach for the Virginia Tech Hokies. As a professional, he was a member of the Columbus Lions, Ottawa Redblacks, Edmonton Eskimos, and BC Lions. He played college football for the University of Maryland, University of Wisconsin and Catawba College.