hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of Perugia
The University of Perugia (Italian Università degli Studi di Perugia) is a public university in Perugia, Italy. It was founded in 1308, as attested by the Bull issued by Pope Clement V certifying the birth of the Studium Generale.

The official seal of the university depicts Saint Herculan, one of the patron saints, and the rampant crowned griffin, which is the city symbol; they represent the ecclesiastical and civil powers, respectively, which gave rise to the university in the Middle Ages.

Pope Clement V
Pope Clement V (Latin: Clemens V; born Bertrand de Got, died 20 April 1314) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1305 until his death. He is remembered for suppressing the order of the Knights Templar and allowing the execution of many of its members. A Frenchman by birth, Clement moved the Papacy from Rome to Avignon, ushering in the period known as the Avignon Papacy.
Our Land and Water
Our Land and Water (Māori: Toitū te Whenua, Toiora te Wai) was one of New Zealand's eleven collaborative research programmes known as National Science Challenges. Running from 2016 to 2024, the focus of Our Land and Water (OLW) research was enhancing the productivity of New Zealand farms while improving the quality of land and water.

National Science Challenges
The National Science Challenges (NSC) were 11 ten-year collaborative science programmes in New Zealand, established in 2014 and ending mid-2024. They were "cross-disciplinary, mission-led programmes designed to tackle New Zealand's biggest science-based challenges", funded through the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
SACRED
SACRED was a Cubesat built by the Student Satellite Program of the University of Arizona. It was the product of the work of about 50 students, ranging from college freshmen to Ph. D. students, over the course of several years. It was launched, after being postponed several times, on board a Dnepr on July 26, 2006. The launch was a failure.

Dnepr (rocket)
The Dnepr rocket (Russian: Днепр, romanized: Dnepr; Ukrainian: Дніпро, romanized: Dnipró) was a space launch vehicle named after the Dnieper River. It was a converted ICBM used for launching artificial satellites into orbit, operated by launch service provider ISC Kosmotras.  The first launch, on April 21, 1999, successfully placed UoSAT-12, a 350 kg demonstration mini-satellite, into a 650 km circular Low Earth orbit. It was also known in some older sources during development as the Ikar.
Manor Solomon
Manor Solomon (Hebrew: מנור סולומון; born (1999-07-24)24 July 1999) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a winger for Serie A club Fiorentina, on loan from Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur, and the Israel national team.

Solomon began his professional career at Maccabi Petah Tikva in the Israeli Premier League. In January 2019, he transferred to Shakhtar Donetsk for a €6 million fee, and won three Ukrainian Premier League titles. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, he moved on loan to Fulham of the Premier League, before joining Tottenham on a permanent deal in 2023. He was loaned to Leeds United in 2024, where he won the EFL Championship, and to Villarreal in 2025.

Solomon represented Israel from under-16 to under-21 level. In 2018, he made his senior debut for the national team.

2024–25 EFL Championship
The 2024–25 EFL Championship (referred to as the Sky Bet Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the 9th season of the EFL Championship under its current title and the 33rd season under its current league division format.
Common Action Party – Civil Congress
The Common Action Party – Civil Congress (Romanian: Partidul Acțiunii Comune – Congresul Civic, PAC–CC) is a left-wing political party in the Republic of Moldova, founded by former members of Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova. The party defines its values as social justice, solidarity, humanism, a scientific worldview and critical analysis. The party advocates for the reintegration of Transnistria into Moldova, as an instrument of economic modernization based on the interests of the absolute majority of people from both banks of the Dniester river. Civil Congress advocates for European integration, while opposing the unification of Moldova with Romania and NATO membership.

Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova, PCRM) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority government in a post-Soviet state. It has been variously described as communist, Moldovenist, populist, Russophile, and pro-Soviet.

Affiliated with the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union, it is also a member of the Party of the European Left and the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties.

In contrast to most like-minded left-wing and communist parties, especially in the Western world, the party has a conservative outlook on social issues, reflecting Voronin's views, the country's strong social conservatism, and the influence of the Moldovan Orthodox Church.
House by the Lake
House By the Lake is an American horror film directed by Adam Gierasch and written by Josh Burnell. The film stars James Callis, Anne Dudek, Michael Bowen, and Amiah Miller. It was released on October 10, 2017.

Adam Gierasch and Jace Anderson
Adam Gierasch and Jace Anderson are American husband-and-wife filmmakers, known for their work in the horror genre. Adam Gierasch is also known as an actor and director, and he released his directorial debut Autopsy in 2008.
Proton Competition
Proton Competition (also formerly racing as Dempsey-Proton Racing or Team Felbermayr-Proton) is a German auto racing team based in Ummendorf, Baden-Württemberg. It was founded by Gerold Ried, and is currently owned by his son Christian Ried. The team currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship with a customer Porsche 963 and a factory-supported Ford Mustang GT3. It also competes in the European Le Mans Series with the Oreca 07 and the Porsche 911. They also have a racing program in the IMSA SportsCar Championship, racing with a customer Porsche 963 and a factory-supported Ford Mustang GT3 and prepare Porsche 911s for the Iron Dames program.

European Le Mans Series
The European Le Mans Series (abbreviated as ELMS) is a European sports car racing endurance series inspired by the 24 Hours of Le Mans race organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO).  The European Le Mans Series is similar to the former American Le Mans Series (ALMS) based in the United States and Canada that was running with ACO and IMSA between 1999 and 2013.  ELMS team champions and runners-up receive an automatic entry to the following year's 24 Hours of Le Mans.  Originally titled the Le Mans Endurance Series before becoming simply the Le Mans Series in 2006, the series was renamed once more in 2012, reusing a name previously utilized by IMSA in 2001.
Devon (Milford)
41°12′N 73°06′W﻿ / ﻿41.20°N 73.10°W﻿ / 41.20; -73.10

The village of Devon is a neighborhood of the city of Milford, Connecticut, United States. It lies on the southwest corner of the city bordering Long Island Sound and the mouth of the Housatonic River. The village generally corresponds to the Third Voting District of Milford.

Housatonic River
The Housatonic River (/ˌhuːsəˈtɒnɪk/ HOOS-ə-TON-ik) is an approximately 149 mi (240 km) long river in western Massachusetts and western Connecticut in the United States. It flows south to southeast, and drains about 1,950 square miles (5,100 km2) of southwestern Connecticut into Long Island Sound.
GlTF
glTF (Graphics Library Transmission Format or GL Transmission Format and formerly known as WebGL Transmissions Format or WebGL TF) is a standard file format for three-dimensional scenes and models. A glTF file uses one of two possible file extensions: .gltf (JSON/ASCII) or .glb (binary). Both .gltf and .glb files may reference external binary and texture resources. Alternatively, both formats may be self-contained by directly embedding binary data buffers (as base64-encoded strings in .gltf files or as raw byte arrays in .glb files). An open standard developed and maintained by the Khronos Group, it supports 3D model geometry, appearance, scene graph hierarchy, and animation. It is intended to be a streamlined, interoperable format for the delivery of 3D assets, while minimizing file size and runtime processing by apps. As such, its creators have described it as the "JPEG of 3D."

JSON
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation, pronounced /ˈdʒeɪsən/ or /ˈdʒeɪˌsɒn/) is an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects consisting of name–value pairs and arrays (or other serializable values). It is a commonly used data format with diverse  uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers.

JSON is a programming language-independent data format. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. JSON filenames use the extension .json.

Douglas Crockford originally specified the JSON format in the early 2000s. They and Chip Morningstar sent the first JSON message in April 2001.
Johann Scheerer
Johann Wilhelm Karl Jakob Scheerer (6 November 1982 in Henstedt-Ulzburg) is a German musician and music producer based in Hamburg. He is known for his production of bands like Bosnian Rainbows, Peter Doherty, Omar Rodríguez-López, Faust or Gallon Drunk.

Omar Rodríguez-López
Omar Alfredo Rodríguez-López (born September 1, 1975) is a Puerto Rican guitarist, songwriter, record producer and filmmaker. He has formed or played in several bands, including The Mars Volta, At the Drive-In, Antemasque, and Bosnian Rainbows. He was the bassist for the dub band De Facto. He is also known for his extensive solo career, which includes over fifty individual releases, and is frequently described as experimental, avant-garde, or progressive. He has also collaborated with numerous artists, such as Damo Suzuki, John Frusciante, Hans Zimmer, Buzz Osborne, Lydia Lunch, Zach Hill, El-P, Mon Laferte and Calle 13.
2008 Singapore Cup
The 2008 edition of the Singapore Cup soccer competition was officially known as the RHB Singapore Cup (due to RHB Bank's sponsorship). It was the 11th staging of the annual Singapore Cup tournament.

The competition began on 6 May 2008, with 12 S.League clubs and 4 invited foreign teams from Thailand (2 teams), Cambodia (1) and Brunei (1). The cup was a single-elimination tournament, with all sixteen teams playing from the first round. The first round involved one-off matches. Subsequent rounds involved ties of two legs.

The final (single-leg) was played on 28 November 2008, and SAFFC beat Woodlands Wellington 2–1, with the deciding goal scored by Kenji Arai in the first period of extra-time.

Woodlands Wellington FC
Woodlands Wellington Football Club was a professional football club based in Woodlands, Singapore which played in the S.League, the top division of football in Singapore. The club took part in S.League from 1996 to 2014. They are at the 4,300 seater Woodlands Stadium, where they have played since their establishment.

Woodlands Wellington's honours include winning the inaugural Singapore League Cup in 2007, defeating Sengkang Punggol 4–0 in the final. They also finished runners-up in the Singapore FA Cup in 1997, and also in the Singapore Cup in 2005 and 2008 and won the President's Centennial Cup in 1998, a cup competition organized by the Philippine Football Federation to celebrate the centennial of Philippine Independence by defeating Hong Kong Rangers 2–1 in the final in Bacolod.

Their best finish in the S-League came in the 1996 Tiger Beer Series where they were runners-up. They have also achieved 3rd place in 1997 and 2005.
History of Newcastle upon Tyne
The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman Conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.

Angles (tribe)
The Angles (Old English: Engle, Latin: Anglii) were one of the main Germanic peoples who settled in Great Britain in the post-Roman period. They founded several kingdoms of the Heptarchy in Anglo-Saxon England. Their name, which probably derives from the Angeln peninsula, is the root of the names England ("Engla land", "Land of the Angles"), and English, for both its people and its language. According to Tacitus, writing around 100 AD, a people known as Angles (Anglii) lived beyond (apparently northeast of) the Langobards and Semnones, who lived near the River Elbe.
Natural gas in Romania
Romania has proven natural gas reserves of 726 billion cubic meters (25.94 trillion cubic feet) and is ranked 30th among countries with proved reserves of natural gas. About 75% of Romania's natural gas resources are located in Transylvania, especially in Mureș and Sibiu counties. The largest natural gas field in Romania is the Deleni gas field discovered in 1912 and located in Băgaciu commune, Mureș County, with proven reserves of 85 billion cubic meters or 3 trillion cubic feet. Other important gas fields include the Filitelnic gas field (40 bcm – 1,430 bcft), the Roman-Secuieni gas field (24 bcm – 850 bcft), the Voitinel gas field (11.8 bcm – 415 bcft), the Ghercești gas field (11 bcm – 400 bcft) and the Sărmașel gas field (10 bcm – 354 bcft) all with reserves larger than 10 billion cubic meters or 350 billion cubic feet. Currently Romania has the second largest natural gas reserves in the European Union just after the Netherlands.

Deleni gas field
The Deleni gas field is a natural gas field located in Băgaciu, Mureș County. It was discovered in 1912 and developed by and Romgaz. It began production in 1915 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Deleni gas field are around 3 trillion cubic feet (85 km3), and production is slated to be around 178 million cubic feet per day (5,000,000 m3/d) in 2010.

Deleni is the richest methane deposit in Romania, containing many gas horizons down to a depth of 700 m (2,300 ft). It provides fuel for the municipalities of Târnăveni and Târgu Mureș, as well as the capital city, Bucharest.: 217  Deleni is the largest gas field in Romania.: 189
Battle of Chrysas
The Battle of Chrysas was fought in 392 BC in the course of the Sicilian Wars, between the Carthaginian army under the shofet Mago II and a Greek army under Dionysius I, tyrant of Syracuse, who was aided by Agyris, tyrant of the Sicel city of Agyrium. Mago had been defeated by Dionysius at Abacaenum in 393, which had not damaged the Carthaginian position in Sicily. Reinforced by Carthage in 392, Mago moved to attack the Sicles allied with Syracuse in central Sicily. After the Carthaginians reached and encamped near the river Chrysas, the Sicels harassed the Carthaginian supply lines causing a supply shortage, while the Greek soldiers rebelled and deserted Dionysius when he refused to fight a pitched battle. Both Mago and Dionysius agreed to a peace treaty, which allowed the Carthaginians to formally occupy the area west of the River Halycus, while Dionysius was given lordship over the Sicel lands. The peace would last until 383, when Dionysius attacked the Carthaginians again.

Battle of Catana (397 BC)
The Battle of Catana took place in the summer of 397 BC. The Greek fleet under Leptines, the brother of Dionysius I of Syracuse, engaged the Carthaginian fleet under Mago near the city of Catana in Sicily. While the Greek army under Dionysius was present near the city of Catana during the battle, the Carthaginian army under Himilco was away in the interior of Sicily, making a detour around the erupting Mount Etna. The Carthaginian fleet crushed the Greek fleet in the battle, leading to the Carthaginian siege of Syracuse later in 397 BC.
HMS Sirius
Seven ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Sirius after the brightest star in the night sky.

HMS Sirius (1786) was the flagship of the First Fleet to Australia.

HMS Sirius (1797) was a 36-gun fifth-rate frigate, and served during the Napoleonic Wars until she was lost at the Battle of Grand Port, Isle de France.

HMS Sirius (1813) was a fifth-rate frigate. She was never commissioned and apparently spent her whole career at Portsmouth in ordinary until she was broken up there in 1862.

HMS Sirius (1868) was an Eclipse-class wooden screw sloop sold in 1885.

HMS Sirius (1890) was an Apollo-class protected cruiser that served in World War I.

HMS Sirius (82) was a Dido-class light cruiser in World War II.

HMS Sirius (F40) was a Leander-class frigate in service until 1994.

SS Sirius (1837)

HMS Sirius (1786)
HMS Sirius was a 10-gun sloop-of-war of the Royal Navy, launched in 1781 as the merchant ship Berwick. She was the flagship of the First Fleet, which sailed from Portsmouth, England, in 1787 to establish the first European colony in New South Wales, Australia. Sirius played a critical role in supplying and protecting the fledgling colony, including transporting essential provisions from the Cape of Good Hope. On 19 March 1790, she was wrecked on a reef at Norfolk Island while landing supplies, leaving the colony with only a single naval vessel. Her wreck site and surviving artefacts are now protected as part of Australia’s maritime heritage.
Inal Tasoev (politician)
Inal Tasoev is an Ossetian politician from the partially recognized Caucasian Republic of South Ossetia, which most of the United Nations recognizes as part of Georgia, occupied by Russia. Tasoev has served on the executive of three presidents, Leonid Tibilov, Anatoly Bibilov, and Alan Gagloev as "Ombudsman" for Human Rights.

Alan Gagloev
Alan Eduardovich Gagloev (Ossetian: Гаглойты Эдуарды фырт Алан, romanized: Gaglojty Edwardy fyrt Alan; Russian: Алан Эдуардович Гаглоев; born 6 February 1981), also transliterated as Gagloyev, is a South Ossetian politician and former intelligence officer, who is the fifth and current president of South Ossetia since 2022. He also served as chairman of the Nykhaz party from 2020 to 2023.
Ateneo de San Pablo
The Ateneo de San Pablo, also referred to by the acronym AdSP, was a private, Catholic basic education institution ran by the Philippine Province of the Society of Jesus school in San Pablo City, Laguna. It was founded by the Jesuits in 1947. Initially, it only had a high school until the later establishment of a grade school in 1962. In 1978, the Jesuits closed the school after redonating to the Diocese of San Pablo the lot where the Ateneo campus was located.

A new diocesan school was established by the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo named Liceo de San Pablo after the departure of the Jesuits to replace the closed Ateneo school.

Diocese of San Pablo
The Diocese of San Pablo (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Pauli in Insulis Philippinis, Filipino: Diyosesis ng San Pablo, Spanish: Diócesis de San Pablo) is a Roman Catholic diocese which is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Manila. Its patron saint or titular is Paul the First Hermit, the only one in the world dedicated to him.
Slack v. McDaniel
Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473 (2000), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, a certificate of appealability must be issued by a circuit Justice of judge before an appeal can proceed. The certificate of appealability (COA) may only be issued if the applicant "has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right."

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996
The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), Pub. L. 104–132 (text) (PDF), 110 Stat. 1214, enacted April 24, 1996, was introduced to the United States Congress in April 1995 as a Senate Bill (S. 735). The bill was passed with broad bipartisan support by Congress in response to the 1996 Oklahoma City bombing. It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton.

Controversial for its changes to the law of habeas corpus in the United States, the AEDPA also contained a number of provisions to "deter terrorism, provide justice for victims, provide for an effective death penalty, and for other purposes."
Riverside Hotel (Clarksdale, Mississippi)
Riverside Hotel was a hotel in Clarksdale, Mississippi, in operation from 1944 to 2020. The fourth marker location on the Mississippi Blues Trail, famed for providing lodging for such blues artists as Sonny Boy Williamson II, Ike Turner, and Robert Nighthawk, it was previously the G.T. Thomas Hospital, in which Bessie Smith died in 1937.

Mississippi Blues Trail
The Mississippi Blues Trail was created by the Mississippi Blues Commission in 2006 to place interpretive markers at the most notable historical sites related to the birth, growth, and influence of the blues throughout (and in some cases beyond) the state of Mississippi. Within the state the trail extends from the Gulf Coast north along several highways to (among other points) Natchez, Vicksburg, Jackson, Leland, Greenwood, Clarksdale, Tunica, Grenada, Oxford, Columbus, and Meridian. The largest concentration of markers is in the Mississippi Delta, but other regions of the state are also commemorated. Several out-of-state markers have also been erected where blues with Mississippi roots has had significance, including Waterloo, Ontario, Memphis, Tennessee, and Chicago, Illinois.
Andrew Hunter (lawyer)
Andrew H. Hunter (March 22, 1804 – November 21, 1888) was a Virginia lawyer, slaveholder, and politician who served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, including the Confederate House of Delegates. He was the Commonwealth's attorney  for Jefferson County, Virginia, who prosecuted John Brown for the raid on Harpers Ferry.

Jefferson County, West Virginia
Jefferson County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is located in the Shenandoah Valley in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 57,701. Its county seat is Charles Town. The county was founded in 1801, and today is part of the Washington metropolitan area.
Bill Sheat
William Newton Sheat CNZM OBE (1 May 1930 – 20 January 2021) was a New Zealand lawyer and arts advocate whose input was instrumental in many arts organisations including as a founding member of the New Zealand Film Commission, Creative New Zealand (formerly The Queen Elizabeth ll Arts Council) and Downstage Theatre.

Creative New Zealand
The Arts Council of New Zealand Toi Aotearoa (Creative New Zealand) is the national arts development agency of the New Zealand government established in 1963. It invests in artists and arts organisations, offering capability building programmes and developing markets and audiences for New Zealand arts domestically and internationally.