hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lottie Estelle Granger
Lottie Estelle Granger (28 January 1858 – 9 May 1934) was an American educator and school officer from the U.S. state of Ohio. She served as county superintendent of public schools of Page County, Iowa, and was the second woman elected president of the Iowa State Teachers' Association.

Page County, Iowa
Page County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,211. The county seat is Clarinda. The county is named in honor of Captain John Page of the 4th U.S. Infantry, who was mortally wounded in the Battle of Palo Alto.
Natural Arch, Tirumala hills
Natural Arch, Tirumala hills, a natural site in Tentative List(World Heritage Site) and a notified National Geo-heritage Monument, is a distinctive geological feature 1 km (0.6 mi) north of the Tirumala hills temple, near the Chakra Teertham in Tirupati district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The arch is also called Silathoranam (శిలాతోరణం) in the local language (Telugu language: sila means ‘rock’ and thoranam means a garland strung over a threshold, connecting two vertical columns or an ‘arch’ as in this case). The arch measures 8 m (26.2 ft) in width and 3 m (9.8 ft) in height, and is naturally formed in the quartzites of Cuddapah Supergroup of Middle to Upper Proterozoic (1600 to 570 Ma) due to natural erosive forces.

National Geological Monuments of India
National Geological Monuments are geographical areas of national importance and heritage, as notified by the Government of India's Geological Survey of India (GSI), for their maintenance, protection, promotion and enhancement of geotourism.
Sociology of Manchester
Manchester has historically influenced political and social thinking in Britain and been a hotbed for new, radical thinking, particularly during the Industrial Revolution.

The city was a centre for the women's suffrage, Co-operative, Communist, Chartist, and Anti-Corn Law movements. Friedrich Engels largely based The Condition of the Working Class in England on his observations of Manchester.

The Condition of the Working Class in England
The Condition of the Working Class in England (German: Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England) is an 1845 book by the German philosopher Friedrich Engels, a study of the industrial working class in Victorian England. It was Engels' first book and had originally been written in German, but an English translation was published in 1887. It was written during Engels' 1842–1844 stay in Salford and Manchester, the city at the heart of the Industrial Revolution, and compiled from Engels' own observations and detailed contemporary reports.

After their second meeting in 1844, Karl Marx read and was profoundly impressed by the book.
Mustafa Uğurlu
Mustafa Uğurlu (born 25 November 1955) is a Turkish stage, film and television actor.

Mustafa Uğurlu's father was a health officer and his mother was a housewife from Çorum. His father was appointed to Bursa when he was 2–3 years old and they moved there from Konya. He completed his primary, secondary and high school education in Bursa. He had four siblings, one of which, Ahmet Uğurlu, is also an actor. Uğurlu made his television debut in 1993 with a role in the series Rıza Beyler. His breakthrough came in 1998, with his role in the movie Ağır Roman, for which he won a Golden Orange Award for Best Supporting Actor. He continued his career in cinema and television, and appeared on stage and directed a number of plays for state theatres.

Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival
The Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival (Turkish: Antalya Altın Portakal Film Festivali), known for a few years from 2015 as Antalya International Film Festival, is a film festival, held annually since 1963 in Antalya, and is the second most important film festival in Turkey. Since 2009, the event, which takes place in the autumn months at the Antalya Cultural Center (Antalya Kültür Merkezi, AKM), has been organised solely by the Antalya Foundation for Culture and Arts (Antalya Kültür Sanat Vakfı, AKSAV) and has included an international section within the main body of the festival.
Alexander Bukirev
Alexander Ilyich Bukirev (12 September 1903 – 26 August 1964) was a Soviet ichthyologist, professor, rector (from 1939 to 1941 and from 1946 to 1951), the Dean of the Faculty of Biology (from 1955 to 1956) of Perm State University. He founded a scientific direction in ichthyology that studied fish resources, fish variability, and patterns of formation of the fish fauna of the Kama reservoir.

Perm State University
Perm State University (now Perm State National Research University; Russian: Пермский университет, Пермский государственный университет, Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет,  romanised: Permskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, Permskiy gosudarstvennyy natsionalynyy issledovatelskyy universitet) or PSU, PSNRU (Russian: ПГУ, ПГНИУ, romanised: PGU, PGNIU), is located in the city of Perm, Perm Krai, Russia. Founded in 1916, it claims to be one of the oldest universities in the Ural and eastern territories of Russia. Its current rector is Dmitriy Krasilnikov.
Conformation (dog)
Conformation in dogs refers solely to the externally visible details of a dog's structure and appearance, as defined in detail by each dog breed's written breed standard. A dog that conforms to most of the items of description in its individual breed standard is said to have good conformation. Unlike equine conformation, there are no fixed rules for dog conformation, as dogs are the most variable in appearance of any animals. Instead, conformation in dogs is based on the dog type from which the breed developed, along with many details that have been added to the breed standard for purposes of differentiation from other breeds, for working reasons, or for enhancing the beauty of the animals from the viewpoint of the fanciers who wrote the breed standards.

Dog type
Dog types are broad categories of domestic dogs based on form, function, style of work, lineage, or appearance. Some may be locally adapted dog types (or landraces) that may have the visual characteristics of a modern purebred dog. In contrast, modern dog breeds strictly adhere to long-established breed standards,[note 1] that began with documented foundation breeding stock sharing a common set of inheritable characteristics, developed by long-established, reputable kennel clubs that recognize the dog as a purebred.

A "dog type" can be referred to broadly, as in gun dog, or more specifically, as in spaniel. Dogs raised and trained for a specific working ability rather than appearance may not closely resemble other dogs doing the same work, or any of the dogs of the analogous breed group of purebred dogs.
WOUR
WOUR (96.9 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Utica, New York.  It broadcasts a classic rock radio format, with occasional recent rock hits, calling itself "The Rock of Central New York".  The station is owned by Townsquare Media as part of a cluster with talk station WIBX, country music station WFRG-FM, adult contemporary station WLZW and classic hits station WODZ-FM.  The studios and offices are on River Road in Marcy.  In morning drive time, WOUR carries the syndicated Free Beer and Hot Wings Show.

WOUR has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 19,500 watts.  The transmitter is on Smith Hill Road at Cooley Road in Utica, amid the towers for other local FM and TV stations.

Marcy, New York
Marcy is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 8,777 at the 2020 census. The town was named after Governor William L. Marcy. It lies between the cities of Rome and Utica. The Erie Canal passes through the southern part of the town.

The town is home to the SUNY Polytechnic Institute, a four-year public research university in the southeastern part of town.
Liz Dawn
Sylvia Ibbetson (born Sylvia Ann Butterfield; 8 November 1939 – 25 September 2017), known professionally as Elizabeth Dawn or Liz Dawn, was a British actress, best known for her role as Vera Duckworth in the long-running British soap opera Coronation Street. First starting on the serial in 1974, she had a recurring role as a factory worker until her husband, Jack (played by Bill Tarmey), first appeared in 1979. She played the character of Vera for 34 years. For her role in the soap, she received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2008 British Soap Awards. She was also appointed an MBE in the 2000 Queen's Birthday Honours.

British Soap Award for Outstanding Achievement
The British Soap Award for Outstanding Achievement is an award presented annually by  The British Soap Awards, formerly known as the Lifetime Achievement award until 2013. The winner is decided by a panel and celebrates the soap career and achievements of each recipient. Coronation Street is the most awarded soaps in the category, holding nine wins. Brookside, Hollyoaks and Emmerdale have also won once. It is currently held by Coronation Street actor David Neilson, who portrays Roy Cropper in the soap.
David Unterhalter
David Unterhalter (born 18 November 1958) is a South African jurist and judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa. He is also professor of law at the University of Cape Town. Before he was appointed to the bench of the Gauteng High Court in January 2018, Unterhalter was a prominent advocate, specialising in public law, competition law, and trade law. He was called to the Johannesburg Bar in 1990 and took silk in 2002.

Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)
The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA), formerly known as the Appellate Division, is the second-highest court of appeal in South Africa below the Constitutional Court. The country's apex court from 1910 to 1994, it no longer holds that position, having been displaced in constitutional matters by the Constitutional Court in 1994, and in all matters by 2013. It is located in Bloemfontein. Bloemfontein is often seen as, and has been traditionally referred to as, the "judicial capital" of South Africa because of the court, although the Constitutional Court is based in Johannesburg.
Rigi Railways
Rigi Railways (German: Rigi Bahnen) is a railway company that operates a group of railways on the mountain Rigi, located between two of the arms of Lake Lucerne, in Switzerland. They include two standard gauge rack railways, the Vitznau–Rigi Bahn (VRB) and the Arth–Rigi Bahn (ARB), along with the Luftseilbahn Weggis–Rigi Kaltbad (LWRK) cable car.

Reaching a height of 1,752 metres (5,748 ft) above sea level, the Rigi Railways are the highest standard gauge railway in Europe. They are also the highest railway in both cantons of Lucerne and Schwyz. The Vitznau–Rigi Bahn is also notable as the first mountain rack railway in Europe, and even the second in the world, after the Mount Washington Cog Railway in the United States.

Aerial tramway
An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, cable car or aerial cablecar, aerial cableway or ropeway is a type of aerial lift that uses one or two stationary cables for support, with a third moving cable providing propulsion. With this form of lift, the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion cable and cannot be decoupled from it during operation. Aerial tramways usually provide lower line capacities and longer wait times than gondola lifts.
1913 FA Charity Shield
The 1913 FA Charity Shield was the sixth staging of the FA Charity Shield, an annual association football match arranged to raise funds for charitable causes supported by the Football Association (the FA), the governing body of football in England. The match was contested by select teams of amateur and professional players. It was played on 6 October 1913 at The Den, London, and ended as a 7–2 win for the Professionals. England internationals Harry Hampton scored four goals, George Holley two and Harold Fleming one for the Professionals; George Barlow and Herbert Farnfield scored for the Amateurs. The proceeds were donated to the Senghenydd Colliery Disaster Fund.

Harold Fleming (footballer)
Harold John Fleming (30 April 1887 – 23 August 1955) was an English footballer who played as an inside forward for Swindon Town and the England national team. He is the only Swindon Town player to have featured for England.
Johnstown, Ontario
Johnstown is a compact rural community in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, in eastern Ontario, Canada, part of the township municipality of Edwardsburgh/Cardinal. It is at the Canadian terminus of the Ogdensburg–Prescott International Bridge and at the southern termini of Highway 416 and Highway 16.

United Counties of Leeds and Grenville
The United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, commonly known as Leeds and Grenville, is a county and census division in Ontario, Canada, in the Eastern Ontario subregion of Southern Ontario. It fronts on the St. Lawrence River and the international boundary between Canada and the United States, opposite of the State of New York. The county seat is Brockville. The county was formed by the union of the historical counties of Leeds and Grenville in 1850.
Bolivia Avenue
Bolivia Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Bolivia), formerly Industry Avenue (Spanish: Avenida de la Industria), is an avenue in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. It begins at its intersection with the Paseo de la República, next to the Lima Civic Center, and continues until it reaches Arica Avenue in Breña. It is continued to the east by Roosevelt Avenue.

Lima Civic Center
The Lima Civic Center (Spanish: Centro Cívico de Lima) is an architectural complex located next to the Paseo de los Héroes Navales in the district of Lima, on the land previously occupied by the Lima Penitentiary. It was projected with the intention of becoming a civic-urban landmark for the city, housing State offices, a hotel and a convention center. Its construction began in 1970 and culminated in 1977 with the inauguration of the main tower of the complex. At 109 meters tall, it was the tallest building in the country for 34 years. It was surpassed in 2011 by the Westin Hotel in the San Isidro district.
Chris Ivory
Christopher Lee Ivory (born March 22, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Washington State Cougars and Tiffin Dragons and was signed by the New Orleans Saints as an undrafted free agent in 2010. In 2013, Ivory was traded to the New York Jets, where he saw an expanded role, eventually becoming the team's primary running back by 2014 and being named to the Pro Bowl in 2015. He then spent the next three seasons as a backup with the Jacksonville Jaguars and Buffalo Bills.

Washington State Cougars football
The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12) Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894.

The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 35,117. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November but that is no longer the case with the Washington Huskies joining the Big Ten.
Oswego, Montana
Oswego (/ɒsˈwiːɡoʊ/ oss-WEE-goh) is an unincorporated community in Valley County, Montana, United States. It is located along U.S. Route 2 between the cities of Frazer and Wolf Point. Oswego is located on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation.

Wolf Point, Montana
Wolf Point is a city in and the county seat of Roosevelt County, Montana, United States. The population was 2,517 at the 2020 census, down 4% from 2,621 in the 2010 Census. It is the largest community on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. Wolf Point is the home of the annual Wild Horse Stampede, and the Wadopana Pow-wow, the oldest traditional pow wow in Montana.
Lockheed Martin JLTV
The Lockheed Martin JLTV (Joint Light Tactical Vehicle) is a prototype armor-capable vehicle that was one of six original competitors for a Joint Light Tactical Vehicle that will replace the Humvee. The JLTV goal was to provide a family of vehicles able to perform multiple missions protected, sustained and networked mobility for personnel and payload over a full range of operations. Lockheed's JLTV design lost out to the Oshkosh L-ATV in August 2015.

Oshkosh Corporation
Oshkosh Corporation, formerly Oshkosh Truck, is an American industrial company that designs and builds specialty trucks, military vehicles, truck bodies, airport fire apparatus, and access equipment. The corporation also owns Pierce Manufacturing, a fire apparatus manufacturer in Appleton, Wisconsin, and JLG Industries, a manufacturer of lift equipment, including aerial lifts, boom lifts, scissor lifts, telehandlers and low-level access lifts.

Based in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, the company employs approximately 15,000 people around the world at 130 facilities in 24 countries. It is organized in four primary business groups: access equipment, defense, fire and emergency, and commercial.
Massimo Rinaldi
Massimo Rinaldi (24 September 1869 – 31 May 1941) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop who served as the Bishop of Rieti. He was a member of the Scalabrinians.

Pope Benedict XVI proclaimed him to be venerable on 19 December 2005.

Diocese of Rieti
The Diocese of Rieti (Latin: Dioecesis Reatina (-S. Salvatoris Maioris)) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. It is immediately exempt to the Holy See. Its cathedra is in St. Mary Cathedral in the episcopal see of Rieti.
Mugda
Mugda (Bengali: মুগদা, romanized: Mugdā) or Mugdapara (মুগদাপাড়া, Mugdāpāṛā) is a thana (city district) in Dhaka South City Corporation, Bangladesh. The thana is encompassed by wards 5, 6, and 7, and is home to Kamalapur Stadium, and is situated close to Kamalapur railway station and Motijheel.

Thanas of Bangladesh
A thana (precinct) (Bengali: থানা, romanized: thânâ, lit. 'police station') serves as a fundamental administrative unit in Bangladesh, functioning as a city district governed by a police station (analogous to a police district or a police precinct).

In rural areas, the thana system, originating in the 18th century under British rule, served as a sub-district, overseen by a Thana Council during the East Pakistan period. However, starting in 1982, each thana was redesignated as an upazila (lit. 'sub-district') headed by an Upazila Council with provisions for semi-autonomous local administration.
Eyespot rasbora
The eyespot rasbora (Brevibora dorsiocellata) is a small fish belonging to the family Danionidae, subfamily Rasborinae, which is known by the common names of ocellated rasbora, hi-spot rasbora, and eye-spot rasbora, an allusion to the marking situated upon the dorsal fin. This small fish is a popular aquarium fish, having been one of the species featured in the landmark textbook Exotic Aquarium Fishes by Dr William T. Innes (page 180.1 - see References below). Its appearance in this work only occurs in later editions of the book, however, therefore the species is not subject to the same degree of aquarium domestication as the more familiar harlequin rasbora.

William T. Innes
William Thornton Innes III, L.H.D. (February 2, 1874 – February 27, 1969) was an American aquarist, author, photographer, printer and publisher. Innes was the author of numerous influential books and hundreds of articles about aquarium fish, aquatic plants and aquarium maintenance during the formative years of the aquarium hobby in America. Born in Philadelphia, he was the founder, publisher and editor of The Aquarium, the first successful national magazine dedicated to aquarists. The magazine ran monthly for thirty-five years from May 1932 through January 1967.
Scapular of Our Lady of Ransom
The Scapular of Our Lady of Mercy is a Catholic devotional scapular that traces its roots to the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy also known as Our Lady of Ransom (Latin: Ordo Beatae Mariae de Mercede redemptionis captivorum) which was founded by St. Peter Nolasco in the city of Barcelona, at that time in the Kingdom of Aragon, for the redemption of Christian captives.

Peter Nolasco
Peter Nolasco, O. de M. (Pere Nolasc in Catalan, Pierre Nolasque in French and Pedro Nolasco in Spanish; 1189 – 6 May 1256) was a Catholic nobleman known for founding the Royal and Military Order of Our Lady of Mercy of the Redemption of the Captives (the Mercedarians) with approval by Pope Gregory IX  on 17 January 1235.

Though there is debate about whether Nolasco was born in France or Spain, it is clear that he was in Barcelona when he was a teenager and became part of an army fighting the Moors in the Iberian Peninsula and was appointed tutor to the young king, James I of Aragon.
Jerry E. Patterson
Jerry Emmett Patterson (born November 15, 1946) is an American politician who served as the commissioner of the Texas General Land Office from 2003 to 2015. A former state senator, he was the second Republican since Reconstruction to serve as land commissioner, a post which he held for three terms. He served from the Houston area in District 11 in the Texas Senate from 1993 to 1999.

Patterson did not immediately seek a fourth term as land commissioner. He was instead an unsuccessful Republican candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Texas in the primary election held on March 4, 2014, losing to Dan Patrick. In 2018, he ran again for land commissioner, losing to incumbent George P. Bush in the Republican primary.

Texas General Land Office
The Texas General Land Office (GLO) is a state agency of the U.S. state of Texas, responsible for managing lands and mineral rights properties that are owned by the state. The GLO also manages and contributes to the state's Permanent School Fund. The agency is headquartered in the Stephen F. Austin State Office Building in Downtown Austin.
Dental follicle
The dental follicle, also known as dental sac, is made up of mesenchymal cells and fibres surrounding the enamel organ and dental papilla of a developing tooth. It is a vascular fibrous sac containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament. In addition, it may be the precursor of other cells of the periodontium, including osteoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. They develop into the alveolar bone, the cementum with Sharpey's fibers and the periodontal ligament fibers respectively. Similar to dental papilla, the dental follicle provides nutrition to the enamel organ and dental papilla and also have an extremely rich blood supply.

Cementoblast
A cementoblast is a biological cell that forms from the follicular cells around the root of a tooth, and whose biological function is cementogenesis, which is the formation of cementum (hard tissue that covers the tooth root). The mechanism of differentiation of the cementoblasts is controversial but circumstantial evidence suggests that an epithelium or epithelial component may cause dental sac cells to differentiate into cementoblasts, characterised by an increase in length. Other theories involve Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS) being involved.

Martha Somerman and her laboratory played a key role in identifying and characterizing cementoblasts, the cells responsible for forming cementum, a vital mineralized tissue covering tooth roots.