hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Basegi Nature Reserve
Basegi Nature Reserve (Russian: Басеги заповедник, also Bassegi) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) along the Basegi Ridge in the Middle Ural Mountains. "Basegi" means "spectacular", "beautiful" in the local Urals Russian dialect. It is relatively untouched by commercial use, and thus the area has scientific value as a "reference site" for spruce-fir forests of the Urals. It also supports a spawning habitat for trout and grayling. The main rivers are the Usva (northern border of nature reserve) and the Vilva (southern border). There are also some small rivers that have rapids typical of mountain rivers. The reserve is situated in the Gremyachinsk area of Perm Krai.

Zapovednik
A zapovednik is an established term on the territory of the former Soviet Union for a protected area which is kept "forever wild". It is the highest degree of environmental protection for the assigned areas, which are strictly protected. Access to the public is restricted.
2023 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team
The 2023 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University in the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Red Raiders played their home games at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas, and competed in the Big 12 Conference. They were led by second-year head coach Joey McGuire. The Texas Tech Red Raiders football team drew an average home attendance of 54,491 in 2023.

The team started 0–2 for the first time since 1990, after losing to both Wyoming and Oregon. The Red Raiders would win their first game of the season in week 3, defeating FCS Tarleton State 41–3. However, starting quarterback Tyler Shough would be injured the following week against West Virginia as the Red Raiders lost 13–20. The team rebounded and finished the rest of the season going 5–3, including an upset win over no. 16 Kansas on the road, to finish the regular season 6–6 with a Big 12 record of 5–4. The Red Raiders were invited to the Independence Bowl, where they defeated California 34–14.

Tyler Shough
Tyler James Shough (/ʃʌk/ SHUCK; born September 28, 1999) is an American professional football quarterback for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oregon Ducks, Texas Tech Red Raiders and Louisville Cardinals. Shough was selected by the Saints in the second round of the 2025 NFL draft.
Gaussian ensemble
In random matrix theory, the Gaussian ensembles are specific probability distributions over self-adjoint matrices whose entries are independently sampled from the gaussian distribution. They are among the most-commonly studied matrix ensembles, fundamental to both mathematics and physics. The three main examples are the Gaussian orthogonal (GOE), unitary (GUE), and symplectic (GSE) ensembles. These are classified by the Dyson index β, which takes values 1, 2, and 4 respectively, counting the number of real components per matrix element (1 for real elements, 2 for complex elements, 4 for quaternions). The index can be extended to take any real positive value.

The gaussian ensembles are also called the Wigner ensembles, or the Hermite ensembles.

Random matrix
In probability theory and mathematical physics, a random matrix is a matrix-valued random variable—that is, a matrix in which some or all of its entries are sampled randomly from a probability distribution. Random matrix theory (RMT) is the study of properties of random matrices, often as they become large. RMT provides techniques like mean-field theory, diagrammatic methods, the cavity method, or the replica method to compute quantities like traces, spectral densities, or scalar products between eigenvectors. Many physical phenomena, such as the spectrum of nuclei of heavy atoms, the thermal conductivity of a lattice, or the emergence of quantum chaos, can be modeled mathematically as problems concerning large, random matrices.
2023 Men's Asian Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier
The 1st Asian Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier (Men's Hockey5s Asia Cup) was the first edition of the Asian Hockey5s World Cup Qualifier for the men's Hockey5s event at the FIH Hockey5s World Cup. It was held alongside the women's tournament in Salalah, Oman from 29 August to 2 September 2023.

The tournament's winner, runner-up, and third-placed teams qualify for the 2024 Hockey5s World Cup.

2024 Men's FIH Hockey5s World Cup
The 2024 Hockey5s World Cup was the first edition of the FIH Men's Hockey5s World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national hockey5s teams. The event was organized by the FIH. It was held from 27 to 30 January 2024, in Muscat, Oman.

The Netherlands won the tournament after a win over Malaysia.
Khatun Sapnara
Khatun Sapnara (Bengali: খাতুন সাপনারা; born 29 April 1967) is a Bangladeshi-born British judge. In 2006, she was appointed a Recorder of the Crown Court, becoming the first person of Bangladeshi origin in a senior judicial position. In 2014, she was appointed as a Circuit Judge to hear cases in the Crown and Family Court. In October 2024, she was appointed as the Designated Family Judge of the Central Family Court.

British Bangladeshis
British Bangladeshis (Bengali: বিলাতী বাংলাদেশী, romanized: Bilatī Bangladeshī) are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots are from Bangladesh. Bengali Muslims have prominently been migrating to the UK since World War II. Migration reached its peak during the 1970s, with most originating from the Sylhet Division. The largest concentration live in east London boroughs, such as Tower Hamlets. This large diaspora in London leads people in Sylhet to refer to British Bangladeshis as Londonis (Bengali: লন্ডনী).
2022–23 New York Knicks season
The 2022–23 New York Knicks season was the 77th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). On April 2, 2023, the Knicks clinched a playoff spot after missing the playoffs in the previous season. In the first round of the 2023 NBA playoffs, they faced the Cleveland Cavaliers, winning the series in five games. The Knicks were eliminated from the playoffs in the conference semifinals by the Miami Heat in six games.

2023 NBA playoffs
The 2023 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 2022–23 season. The playoffs began on April 15 and concluded on June 12 with the Denver Nuggets winning the 2023 NBA Finals over the Miami Heat. The 2023 title was the Nuggets' first title in franchise history.
2020 Overwatch League season
The 2020 Overwatch League season is the third season of the Overwatch League (OWL), a professional esports league for the video game Overwatch. The regular season began on February 8, 2020, and concluded on August 23. It was the first season that the league implemented a city-based, home-and-away format, with teams traveling between the global home venues to play regular season matches, making the OWL the first major esports league to feature such a format. However, this format was abandoned on March 31 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and all matches were thereafter played online, with the league introducing three midseason tournaments.

An expanded 20-team postseason began on September 3. The Grand Finals bracket began on October 8, with the Grand Finals occurring on October 10. The San Francisco Shock won the Grand Finals over the Seoul Dynasty to win their second straight OWL championship.

San Francisco Shock
The San Francisco Shock are an American professional Overwatch esports team based in San Francisco, California. The Shock competed in the Overwatch League (OWL) as a member of the league's West region. Founded in 2017, the San Francisco Shock was one of the twelve founding members of the OWL and was one of three professional Overwatch teams in California. The team is owned by Andy Miller, co-owner of the Sacramento Kings and NRG Esports. In their time with the OWL, the Shock won three midseason tournament titles, qualified for four season playoffs, reached the Grand Finals three times, and won back-to-back Grand Finals, making them one of the most accomplished franchise in Overwatch League history.
1876 Louisville Grays season
The Louisville Grays were formed prior to the 1876 Major League Baseball season and joined the just formed National League as a charter member. They finished in fifth place in their debut season under manager Jack Chapman.

Louisville Grays
The Louisville Grays were a 19th-century United States baseball team and charter member of the National League, based in Louisville, Kentucky. They played two seasons, 1876 and 1877, and compiled a record of 65–61.  Their home games were at the Louisville Baseball Park. The Grays were owned by businessman Walter Newman Haldeman, owner and publisher of the Louisville Courier-Journal newspaper.
U.S. Route 278 in Alabama
U.S. Route 278 (US 278), mostly internally designated by the Alabama Department of Transportation as State Route 74 (SR 74), is a major east–west U.S. highway across the northern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. West of Hamilton, SR 74 continues west to end at US 78 (unsigned SR 4), while US 278 turns south along US 43/SR 17/SR 171 to Guin, where it turns west along SR 118 to the Mississippi state line.

U.S. Route 78 in Alabama
U.S. Route 78 (US 78) is a major east–west U.S. Highway across the central part of Alabama. It is internally designated State Route 4 (SR 4) by the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT), though the only section of SR 4 that is signed is along portions mainly west of Jasper. The section from the Mississippi state line to near Graysville is concurrent with Interstate 22 (I-22); from Graysville south to Birmingham, US 78 takes its original routing. East of Birmingham to the Georgia state line, US 78 has been replaced as a major through-route by I-20. The two routes roughly parallel each other, with junctions at Leeds and Pell City.

West of Jasper, old US 78 is signed as SR 118 to Guin, and the segment from Guin northward to I-22 at Hamilton is signed as US 43/US 278.
Calceus
The calceus (pl.: calcei) was the common upper-class male footwear of the Roman Republic and Empire. Normally made of leather and hobnailed, it was flat soled and typically reached the lower shin, entirely covering the foot and ankle. It was secured with crossed thongs or laces. Equivalent to a short boot or high-top shoe, it was lighter than the military caliga but sturdier than slip-on shoes like the soccus and able to easily handle outdoor use.

Soccus
A soccus (pl. socci) or sýkkhos (Ancient Greek: σύκχος, pl. sýkkhoi), sometimes given in translation as a slipper, was a loosely fitting slip-on shoe in Ancient Greece and Rome with a leather sole and separate leather, bound without the use of hobnails. The word appears to originate from the languages of ancient Anatolia. They were worn by Ancient Greek comedic actors, contrasted with the cothurni worn by tragedians, and were borrowed into Latin and worn by the ancient Romans. The soccus was considered effeminate, and the emperor Caligula is described as having worn them, possibly as a form of insult. Later socci became popular with the general public, and several types were listed in the Edict of Diocletian. The word was adopted into West Germanic languages for similarly light footwear, eventually becoming English socks.
Richie Incognito
Richard Dominick Incognito Jr. (born July 5, 1983) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers and was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the third round of the 2005 NFL draft. He played for them through the 2009 season, and also played for the Miami Dolphins and Buffalo Bills, making four Pro Bowls. After sitting out the 2018 season, Incognito signed with the Oakland Raiders, where he played three more seasons before retiring again.

2018 NFL season
The 2018 NFL season was the 99th season of the National Football League (NFL) and the 53rd of the Super Bowl era. The season began on September 6, 2018, with the NFL Kickoff Game with the defending Super Bowl LII champion Philadelphia Eagles defeating the Atlanta Falcons. The season concluded with Super Bowl LIII, the league's championship game, on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, in which the New England Patriots defeated the Los Angeles Rams 13–3 for their sixth Super Bowl championship and their third title in five years.
1915 Florida Gators football team
The 1915 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1915 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The season was C. J. McCoy's second as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team.  McCoy's 1915 Florida Gators completed their tenth varsity football season with an overall record of 4–3 and their sixth year in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) with a conference record of 3–3.

Rammy Ramsdell
Ashley Wakefield "Rammy" Ramsdell (November 6, 1894 – April 14, 1977) was a college football, baseball, and basketball player and track athlete for the Florida Gators of the University of Florida. Ramsdell's athletic career was prematurely ended when he broke his leg playing baseball at the end of his junior year. He was the first scholarship athlete at the University of Florida. According to one writer "the Gators' first quarterback of note," he is the oldest player at the position in the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame, inducted in 1971. He was picked for an all-time Florida team at the position in 1927.
Susanna Hall
Susanna Hall (née Shakespeare; baptised 26 May 1583 – 11 July 1649) was the oldest child of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway and the older sister of twins Judith and Hamnet Shakespeare. Susanna married John Hall, a local physician, in 1607. They had one daughter, Elizabeth, in 1608. Elizabeth married Thomas Nash, son of Anthony Nash on 22 April 1626 at Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon.

Hamnet Shakespeare
Hamnet Shakespeare (baptised 2 February 1585 – buried 11 August 1596) was the only son of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway, and the fraternal twin of Judith Shakespeare. Hamnet died at the age of 11. Some Shakespearean scholars speculate on the relationship between Hamnet and his father's later play Hamlet, as well as on possible connections between Hamnet's death and the writing of King John, Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, and  Twelfth Night.

Hamnet found cultural representation in 21st-century works such as Neil Gaiman's comic book The Sandman, the 2018 film All Is True, Maggie O'Farrell's 2020 book Hamnet and its 2025 film adaptation, as well as the comedy drama series Upstart Crow (2016–2020).
Liquid consonant
In linguistics, a liquid consonant or simply liquid is any of a class of consonants that consists of rhotics and voiced lateral approximants, which are also sometimes described as "R-like sounds" and "L-like sounds". The word liquid seems to be a calque of the Ancient Greek word ὑγρός (hygrós 'moist'), initially used by grammarian Dionysius Thrax to describe Greek sonorants.

Liquid consonants are more prone to be part of consonant clusters and of the syllable nucleus. Their third formants are generally non-predictable based on the first two formants. Another important feature is their complex articulation, which makes them a hard consonant class to study with precision and the last consonants to be produced by children during their phonological development. They are also more likely to undergo certain types of phonological changes such as assimilation, dissimilation and metathesis.

Most languages have at least one liquid in their phonemic inventory. English has two, /l/ and /ɹ/.

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).
Portrayal of East Asians in American film and theater
Portrayals of East Asians in American film and theatre has been a subject of controversy. These portrayals have frequently reflected an ethnocentric perception of East Asians rather than realistic and authentic depictions of East Asian cultures, colors, customs, and behaviors.

Yellowface, a form of theatrical makeup used by European-American performers to represent an East Asian person (similar to the practice of blackface used to represent African-American characters), continues to be used in film and theater. In the 21st century alone, Grindhouse (in a trailer parody of the Fu Manchu serials), Balls of Fury, I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry, Crank: High Voltage, and Cloud Atlas all feature yellowface or non-East Asian actors as East Asian caricatures.

Fu Manchu
Dr. Fu Manchu (Chinese: 傅滿洲/福滿洲; pinyin: Fú Mǎnzhōu) is a supervillain who was introduced in a series of novels by the English author Sax Rohmer beginning shortly before World War I and continuing for another forty years. The character featured in cinema, television, radio, comic strips and comic books for over 100 years, and he has also become an archetype of the evil criminal genius and mad scientist, while lending his name to the Fu Manchu moustache.
2013–14 TCU Horned Frogs men's basketball team
The 2013–14 TCU Horned Frogs basketball team represented Texas Christian University in the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. This was head coach Trent Johnson's second season at TCU. They played their home games at Daniel–Meyer Coliseum in Fort Worth, Texas and were members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 9–22, 0–18 in Big 12 play to finish in last place. They lost in the first round of the Big 12 tournament to Baylor.

2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 8, 2013 and ended with the 2014 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, whose Final Four was played at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, on April 5, 2014, followed by the national championship game on April 7.
2002 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team
The 2002 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team represented the University of Southern Mississippi in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Golden Eagles were led by head coach Jeff Bower and played their home games at M. M. Roberts Stadium. They were a member of Conference USA.

2002 NCAA Division I-A football season
The 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season ended with a double overtime national championship game.  Ohio State and Miami both came into the Fiesta Bowl undefeated.  The underdog Buckeyes defeated the defending-champion Hurricanes 31–24, ending Miami's 34-game winning streak. Jim Tressel won the national championship in only his second year as head coach.

Rose Bowl officials were vocally upset over the loss of the Big Ten champ from the game.  Former New England Patriots coach Pete Carroll returned the USC Trojans to a BCS bid in only his second season as head coach. Notre Dame also returned to prominence, as Tyrone Willingham became the first coach in Notre Dame history to win 10 games in his first season.

Beginning with the 2002 season, teams were allowed to schedule twelve regular season games instead of eleven leading to additional revenues for all teams and allowing players the enhanced opportunity to break various statistical records.
Emmanuel Jouanne
Emmanuel Jouanne (born 1960 in Caen; died 6 February 2008) was a French science fiction writer who won the Prix Rosny-Aîné twice. His first novel came out in 1982. He has collaborated with Yves Fremion on a series of political science fiction and was a member of a writer group called "Limite." He is also noted in France for translations of R. A. Lafferty and Philip K. Dick.

His interest in Philip K. Dick has  found expression in the English speaking world as he has written on his influence on French science fiction.

Yves Frémion
Yves Frémion (born 14 June 1947 in Lyon) is a French author and former editor of the French science fiction magazine Univers.  He has also edited a number of anthologies and has worked for the comic and humour magazine Fluide Glacial. His work L'hétéradelphe de Gane won the Prix Rosny-Aîné in 1990. His most recent work is the book Orgasms of History: 3000 years of spontaneous insurrection, which charts episodes of "revolt and utopia" throughout history.

He is a member of the French Green Party and served in the European Parliament in 1991–1994.
Bernie Barkouskie
Bernard Joseph Barkouskie (June 5, 1928 – May 10, 1998) was an American football player. He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers football team at the guard position from 1947 to 1949.  He was selected by Collier's Weekly, the International News Service, and the Newspaper Enterprise Association as a first-team player on the 1949 College Football All-America Team. After graduating from Pitt in 1950, Barkouskie trained with the Pittsburgh Steelers and appeared in an exhibition game, but he opted to join the United States Navy in August 1950 instead of pursuing a career in professional football. He served as a pilot in the Korean War and later worked for Englehard Corp. from 1967 to 1993. He died in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1998.

1949 All-America college football team
The 1949 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1949. The eight selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1949 season are (1) the Associated Press, (2) the United Press, (3) the All-America Board, (4) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (5) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (6) the International News Service (INS), (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (8) the Sporting News.
The Most Powerful Man in the World (and His Identical Twin Brother)
"The Most Powerful Man in the World (and His Identical Twin Brother)" is the seventh and penultimate episode of the third season of the HBO drama television series The Leftovers, and the 27th and penultimate episode of the series overall. The episode was written by Nick Cuse and Damon Lindelof and directed by Craig Zobel. It aired in the United States on May 28, 2017.

The episode, fashioned as a successor to the second season's "International Assassin," sees Kevin voluntarily return to the realm of the undead to avert a supposed apocalyptic event on the seventh anniversary of the Sudden Departure.

"The Most Powerful Man in the World (and His Identical Twin Brother)" was widely acclaimed by critics, who praised the episode's surreal design, absurdist humor, visuals, and Justin Theroux's performance.

International Assassin
"International Assassin" is the eighth episode of the second season of the HBO drama television series The Leftovers, and the 18th overall. The episode's script was written by Damon Lindelof and Nick Cuse and directed by Craig Zobel. It aired in the United States on November 22, 2015.

The episode is notable for its significant stylistic departure from the rest of the series, as it follows protagonist Kevin Garvey through an ethereal, afterlife-like realm as he works to purge the ghost of deceased Guilty Remnant leader Patti Levin from his mind.

"International Assassin" received widespread acclaim from critics, who praised the episode's surreal presentation and thematic depth, as well as Justin Theroux's lead performance. Many critics favorably compared the episode's style to that of Lindelof's previous series, Lost.