hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The American Woman's Home
The American Woman's Home is a book published in 1869, co-authored by Catharine Beecher and her sister Harriet Beecher Stowe. It expands upon Catharine's 1841 book, A Treatise on Domestic Economy, which aimed to codify women's housekeeping duties and draw attention to the importance of this labor. The American Woman's Home presents the sisters' views on domesticity and how these ideals shaped their vision of a proper American household. The American Woman's Home prioritizes necessity over excessive furnishing or decor. It also seeks to eliminate the distinction between private and public spaces by creating communal spaces and eliminating the need for servants. These features, the sisters believed, would allow women's roles of housework and nurturing the family to thrive. The book remains a foundational text in modern house design.

Harriet Beecher Stowe
Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (/stoʊ/; June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American author and abolitionist. She came from the religious Beecher family and wrote the popular novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions experienced by enslaved African Americans. The book reached an audience of millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and in Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Stowe wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She was influential both for her writings as well as for her public stances and debates on social issues of the day.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (also known as PEP carboxylase, PEPCase, or PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31, PDB ID: 3ZGE) is an enzyme in the family of carboxy-lyases found in plants and some bacteria that catalyzes the addition of bicarbonate (HCO3−) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate and inorganic phosphate:

PEP + HCO3− → oxaloacetate + Pi

This reaction is used for carbon fixation in CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) and C4 organisms, as well as to regulate flux through the citric acid cycle (also known as Krebs or TCA cycle) in bacteria and plants. The enzyme structure and its two step catalytic, irreversible mechanism have been well studied. PEP carboxylase is highly regulated, both by phosphorylation and allostery.

Crassulacean acid metabolism
Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions that allows a plant to photosynthesize during the day, but only exchange gases at night. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but they open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2) and allow it to diffuse into the mesophyll cells. The CO2 is stored as four-carbon malic acid in vacuoles at night, and then in the daytime, the malate is transported to chloroplasts where it is converted back to CO2, which is then used during photosynthesis. The pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the enzyme RuBisCO, increasing photosynthetic efficiency. This mechanism of acid metabolism was first discovered in plants of the family Crassulaceae.
Yorkicystis
Yorkicystis is a genus of edrioasteroid echinoderm that lived 510 million years ago in the Cambrian aged Kinzers Formation in what is now Pennsylvania. This genus is important as it provides some of the oldest evidence of echinoderms losing their hard mineralized outer skeletons. Yorkicystis also shows that some echinoderms lost their skeletons during the Cambrian, which is a greatly different time as to when most other species lost theirs.

Edrioasteroidea
Edrioasteroidea is an extinct class of echinoderms. The living animal would have resembled a pentamerously symmetrical disc or cushion. They were obligate encrusters and attached themselves to inorganic or biologic hard substrates (frequently hardgrounds or brachiopods). A 507 million years old species, Totiglobus spencensis, is actually the first known echinoderm adapted to live on a hard surface after the soft microbial mats that covered the seafloor were destroyed in the Cambrian substrate revolution.

The oldest undisputed fossils of Edrioasteroidea are known from Cambrian (Stage 3, about 515-520 Ma ago) of Laurentia and are among the oldest known fossils of echinoderms. Some authors propose that an enigmatic Ediacaran (about 600 Ma) organism Arkarua is also an edrioasteroid, but this interpretation did not gain wide acceptance. Last edrioasteroids are known from Permian (Late Kungurian, about 270-280 Ma).
Clara Smith
Clara Smith (March 13, 1894 – February 2, 1935) was an American classic female blues singer, billed as the "Queen of the Moaners", although she had a lighter and sweeter voice than many of her contemporaries. Clara Smith was not related to the singers Bessie Smith and Mamie Smith.

Bessie Smith
Bessie Smith (April 15, 1892 – September 26, 1937) was an African-American blues singer widely renowned during the Jazz Age. Nicknamed the "Empress of the Blues" and formerly Queen of the Blues, she was the most popular female blues singer of the 1930s. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, she is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was a major influence on fellow blues singers, as well as jazz vocalists.

Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, Smith was young when her parents died, and she and her six siblings survived by performing on street corners. She began touring and performed in a group that included Ma Rainey, and then went out on her own. Her successful recording career with Columbia Records began in  1923, but her performing career was cut short by a car crash that killed her at the age of 45.
Isotryptamine
Isotryptamine, also known as 2-(1-indolyl)ethylamine, is a chemical compound and positional isomer of tryptamine (2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine). A variety of isotryptamine derivatives, or substituted isotryptamines, have been studied and described.

Substituted isotryptamine
Substituted isotryptamines, or simply isotryptamines, also known as 2-(1-indolyl)ethylamines, are a group of indoles closely related to the tryptamines but with the ethylamine side chain located at the 1 position of the indole ring system rather than at the 3 position as in tryptamines. Hence, they are positional isomers of tryptamines.

A variety of isotryptamines have been studied and described, including serotonergic psychedelics and psychoplastogens like 6-MeO-isoDMT; non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens like isoDMT, 5-MeO-isoDMT, and zalsupindole (DLX-001; AAZ-A-154); serotonin 5-HT2C receptor agonists like (S)-5,6-difluoro-isoAMT, Ro60-0175 ((S)-5-fluoro-6-chloro-isoAMT), and PNU-181731; serotonin 5-HT6 receptor modulators; and dual monoamine releasing agents and serotonin receptor agonists like isoAMT (PAL-569).

JRT is the isotryptamine analogue of LSD and may be considered a cyclized isotryptamine.
Dean Cameron
Dean Cameron (born Dean Eikleberry; December 25, 1962) is an American actor and musician. He is known for his role as Francis "Chainsaw" Gremp in the 1987 Mark Harmon comedy Summer School. He also played Dave Marshak in Ski School and Ski School 2. Cameron, along with comedian Victor Isaac, tour in a two-person show that Cameron wrote, called The Nigerian Spam Scam Scam.

Mark Harmon
Thomas Mark Harmon (born September 2, 1951) is an American actor, writer, producer, television director and former football player. He is best known for playing the lead role of Leroy Jethro Gibbs on NCIS.

He has appeared in a wide variety of television roles since the early 1970s, including as Dr. Robert Caldwell on St. Elsewhere, Detective Dicky Cobb on Reasonable Doubts, and Dr. Jack McNeil on Chicago Hope. He also starred in such films as Summer School, Prince of Bel Air, Stealing Home, Wyatt Earp, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Crossfire Trail, Local Boys, Freaky Friday, and Chasing Liberty.

Harmon played Secret Service special agent Simon Donovan in a four-episode story arc in The West Wing in 2002, receiving an Emmy Award nomination for the role. Harmon's character of NCIS Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs was introduced in a guest starring role in two episodes of JAG. From 2003 to 2021, Harmon starred in the spinoff NCIS as the same character.
Operation Dauntless
Operation Dauntless was a military operation performed by the United Nations Command (UN) during the Korean War designed to advance the UN lines to positions 10–20 miles (16–32 km) north of the 38th Parallel designated the Wyoming Line which would threaten the Chinese and North Korean logistics hub marked out by the towns of Pyonggang, Ch'orwon and Gimhwa-eup named the Iron Triangle. The operation immediately succeeded Operation Rugged which took the UN forces to the Kansas Line 2 to 6 miles (3.2 to 9.7 km) north of the 38th Parallel. The operation was initially successful, reaching its initial objectives, but was brought to a halt by the Chinese Spring Offensive on 22 April 1951.

Iron Triangle (Korea)
The Iron Triangle was a key communist Chinese and North Korean concentration area and communications junction during the Korean War, located in the central sector between Cheorwon and Kimhwa in the south and Pyonggang in the north.

The area was located 20 to 30 miles (30 to 50 kilometres) north of the 38th parallel in the diagonal corridor dividing the Taebaek Mountains into northern and southern ranges and contained the major road and rail links between the port of Wonsan in the northeast and Seoul in the southwest. During the war the area was the scene of heavy fighting between the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and the US Eighth Army during the Battle of White Horse Hill and the Battle of Triangle Hill in October–November 1952. The Battle of Pork Chop Hill in March–July 1953 took place to the west of the Iron Triangle. This complex was eventually named the "Iron Triangle" by newsmen searching for a dramatic term. Today, the region straddles the Demilitarized Zone.
Washburn Fire
The Washburn Fire was a wildfire that burned in Yosemite National Park near the Mariposa Grove of giant sequoias. The fire was reported on July 7, 2022, in the lower Mariposa Grove area near the Washburn trail, for which the fire is named. The fire quickly attracted national attention due in part to the role the Mariposa Grove played in the establishment of Yosemite National Park and the National Park Service.

The cause of the fire was referred to as a "human-start". The fire caused evacuations of Wawona and impacted tourism and air quality in the Sierra National Forest and surrounding communities. The fire was fully contained and was put out on August 1 and burned a total area of 4,886 acres (1,977 ha).

Wawona, California
Wawona (formerly Big Tree Station, Clark's Station, Clarks Station, Wah-wo-nah, and Clark's Ranch) is a census-designated place in Mariposa County, California, United States. The population was 111 at the 2020 census.

The community is located entirely within Yosemite National Park, as it preceded the founding of the park as a national recreation area. The number of inhabitants increases dramatically during peak tourist seasons, due to the large number of rental cabins in the town. It is located at 37°32′13″N 119°39′23″W﻿ / ﻿37.53694°N 119.65639°W﻿ / 37.53694; -119.65639, 20 miles (32 km) north of Oakhurst and 26 miles (42 km) south of the center of Yosemite Valley, at an elevation of 3,999 feet (1,219 m).

The ZIP Code is 95389. The community is within area code 209.
Atzmus
Atzmus or Atzmut (עצמות‎ from the Hebrew עצם‎ etzem) is the descriptive term referred to in Kabbalah, and explored in Hasidic thought, for the divine essence.

Classical Kabbalah predominantly refers to the Godhead in Judaism with its designated term "Ein Sof" ("No end"-Infinite). Reference to atzmus is usually restricted in Kabbalistic theory to discussion whether "Ein Sof" represents the ultimate divine being in itself, or to God as first cause of creation.

Godhead in Judaism
Godhead refers to the aspect or substratum of God that lies behind God's actions or properties (i.e., it is the essence of God), and its nature has been the subject of long debate in every major religion.
Bharath Reddy (actor)
Bharath Reddy is an Indian actor who appears in Telugu and Tamil language films. A cardiologist by profession, Reddy had his acting breakthrough portraying a police officer in Chakri Toleti's Tamil–Telugu bilingual film Unnaipol Oruvan / Eenadu (2009).

Chakri Toleti
Chakri Toleti is an Indian American business executive. He is the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of care.ai, a Florida-based health technology company for healthcare facility automation.

Toleti was also a screenwriter, actor, and visual effects coordinator known for his works in Tamil cinema, and Hindi cinema. He has directed bilingual films such as Unnaipol Oruvan, Billa II, Khamoshi and Kolaiyuthir Kaalam.
Lee Gates
Brice Lee Gates (December 20, 1937 – April 15, 2020) was an American blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter. The cousin of fellow bluesman Albert Collins, Gates released three albums on the Music Maker label. Gates performed for almost sixty years, for the bulk of that time being resident in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Albert Collins
Albert Gene Collins (October 1, 1932 – November 24, 1993) was an American electric blues guitarist and singer with a distinctive guitar style. He was noted for his powerful playing and his use of altered tunings and a capo. His long association with the Fender Telecaster led to the title "The Master of the Telecaster".
Grand Master of the Order of Saint Lazarus
The grand master of the Order of Saint Lazarus was the leader of an order of chivalry that was established by the Holy See in the 12th century. A number of Masters of the order, eventually termed Grand Masters, have been listed by previous historians of the order.

The early history of the Order of Saint Lazarus, as in the case of several other medieval orders, is shrouded in a haze of reality and myth simply because the early historians of the various orders assumed the role of enthusiastic eulogists to the detriment of objective writing. The genealogists even went so far as to try tracing origins to personages and events in the Old Testament. The available early cartulary only confirms some of the individuals in the list.

To complicate matters further, historical legacy and contingency is claimed by the modern-day Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910) – see also: Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910).

Grand Master of the Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910)
The grand master of the Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910) is the leader of a confraternal order claiming legacy and contingency to the medieval Catholic military order known as the Order of Saint Lazarus.

During the period from 1814 to 1841, the order was under the direction of a Council of Officers, with King Louis XVIII (1814–1824) and King Charles X (1824–1831) as protectors of the order. It was then passed on, evolving into the current list of grand masters.
Hall Road railway station
Hall Road railway station serves Blundellsands in Merseyside, England. The station is located on the Southport branch of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line. Hall Road TMD was adjacent to the station, but this closed in 1997 and has since been demolished.

Southport railway station
Southport railway station serves the town of Southport, Merseyside, England. The station is the terminal of the electricified Southport branch of the Northern Line of the electric Merseyrail network and the diesel-operated Manchester-Southport Line. It is the fourth busiest station on the Merseyrail network. The station and services to Liverpool Central  are operated by Merseyrail, with Manchester services operated by Northern Trains.
Seothyra
Seothyra, commonly known as the buckspoor spiders, buck spoor spiders  or just spoor spiders, belong to a sand-dwelling, burrowing genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Eresidae. The 13 species are endemic to the arid, sandy flats and semistabilized red dunes of southern Africa. They are sexually dimorphic. The tiny males, which are seldom seen, imitate sugar ants or velvet ants in their appearance and habits, while the females hide in and hunt from their characteristic burrows. They are thermophilous, with males as well as females being most active on hot days.

Velvet spider
Velvet spiders (family Eresidae) are a small group (about 100 species in 9 genera) of spiders almost entirely limited to the Old World, with the exception of one species known from Brazil. In Europe, some are commonly called the ladybird spiders.
Exercise Indus Shield
Exercise Indus Shield is a large-scale international aerial warfare exercise held by the Airpower Centre of Excellence (ACE) in Sargodha, Pakistan. The aim of the exercise is to simulate various military tactics by enabling participating air powers to maximise their warfighting potential in air operations through synergistic employment of multi-domain capabilities in an integrated training environment. It consists of a traditional "Blue force" vs. "Red force" scenario with participants engaging each other in simulated battles.

Indus Shield is the largest multinational air force exercise in the South Asian region led and organized by the Pakistan Air Force through its Airpower Centre of Excellence. The last edition in 2024 featured participation from 24 esteemed air forces, larger than Indian Air Force's Exercise Tarang Shakti, the  second largest air force exercise in South Asia with 12 participants and 18 observers.

PAF Airpower Centre of Excellence
The PAF Airpower Centre of Excellence or PAF ACE is an airpower and air warfare research, planning, and development facility of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) based at PAF Base Mushaf, Sargodha, Pakistan.

Operationally, PAF ACE has the status of a Wing under the PAF's Central Air Command (CAC), with three fighter squadrons of the PAF's Combat Commanders' School (CCS) under its command.

PAF ACE is geared primarily towards the research, planning, and development of airpower and air warfare doctrines and strategies
and linking airpower research and air combat doctrines and strategies with air combat operations to orchestrate effective military air campaigns.
Peter Parcek
Peter Parcek is an American blues rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. In 2021, Parcek's album, Mississippi Suitcase was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the 'Blues Rock Album' category. Parcek has released four albums since 2000, after spending time as a sideman for Pinetop Perkins. Buddy Guy once opined about Parcek, "You're as bad as Eric Clapton. And I know Eric Clapton."

In his career, Parcek has been the opening act for other artists who include Roy Buchanan, Son Seals, Susan Tedeschi, Lazy Lester, Joanna Connor, and others.

Roy Buchanan
Leroy "Roy" Buchanan (September 23, 1939 – August 14, 1988) was an American guitarist and blues rock musician. A pioneer of the "Telecaster sound", Buchanan worked as a sideman and as a solo artist, with two gold albums early in his career and two later solo albums that made it to the Billboard chart. He never achieved stardom, but is considered a highly influential guitar player. Guitar Player praised him as having one of the "50 Greatest Tones of All Time". He appeared on the PBS music program Austin City Limits in 1977 (season 2).
Claude AnShin Thomas
Claude Anshin Thomas (born 1947) is an American Zen Buddhist monk and Vietnam War veteran.  He is an international speaker, teacher and writer, and an advocate of non-violence. Thomas was brought to Buddhism by Vietnamese Zen Buddhist teacher Thich Nhat Hanh, and was ordained in 1995 by Tetsugen Bernard Glassman of the Zen Peacemaker Order.  Thomas teaches Buddhist meditation practice and dharma to the public through social projects, talks, and retreats.  Since 1994, Thomas has walked 19,000 miles (31,000 km) on peace pilgrimages throughout Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and the United States.  While walking, Thomas carries no money, and begs for food and shelter in the mendicant monk tradition.  He is the author of At Hell's Gate: A Soldier's Journey from War to Peace (2004) and founder of the Zaltho Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to ending violence.

Bernie Glassman
Bernie Glassman (January 18, 1939 – November 4, 2018) was an American Zen Buddhist roshi and founder of the Zen Peacemakers (previously the Zen Community of New York), an organization established in 1980. In 1996, he co-founded the Zen Peacemaker Order with his late wife, Sandra Jishu Holmes. Glassman was a Dharma heir of the late Taizan Maezumi-roshi, and gave inka and Dharma transmission to several people.

Glassman was known as a pioneer of social enterprise, socially engaged Buddhism, and "Bearing Witness Retreats" at Auschwitz and on the streets with homeless people.

According to author James Ishmael Ford, in 2006 he

...transferred his leadership of the White Plum Asanga to his Dharma brother Merzel Roshi and has formally "disrobed," renouncing priesthood in favor of serving as a lay teacher.
Kaooa
Kaooa is a two-player abstract strategy game first recorded in the central provinces of India.  It is a hunt game like rimau, rimau-rimau, main tapal empat, bagha-chall, the fox games, and aadu puli attam.  However, what makes kaooa unique is that the board is a five-pointed star or a pentagram.  Kaooa is also known as vultures and crows.  One vulture goes up against seven crows.

Fox games
Fox games are a category of asymmetric board games for two players, where one player (the fox) attempts to catch the opponent's pieces (typically geese or sheep), while that player moves their pieces to either trap the fox or reach a destination on the board. In one variant, fox and hounds, a single fox tries to evade the other player's hounds.

The game is known by many names around the world, including Fox and geese in Britain, Renard et les poules in France, Lupo e pecore in Italy, Fuchs und Gänse (or Fuchs und Henne) in Germany, Schaap en wolf in the Netherlands, riebantablu in Sápmi, Rävspel in Sweden, Refskák in Iceland, Ratón y gatos in Spain, Lis i gęsi in Poland, Vlci a ovce in Slovakia, Volk i ovtsy in Russia and Bagh-chal in Nepal.
Slick Coffman
George David "Slick" Coffman (December 11, 1910 – May 8, 2003) was an American baseball pitcher.  He played 18 years of professional baseball, including four years in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers (1937–1939) and St. Louis Browns (1940). In his major league debut in May 1937, Coffman won in an 11-inning, 4–2 pitching duel with Lefty Grove.  Coffman compiled a career record of 15–12 in 313+2⁄3 innings pitched with a 5.60 earned run average.

Lefty Grove
Robert Moses "Lefty" Grove (March 6, 1900 – May 22, 1975) was an American professional baseball pitcher. After having success in the minor leagues during the early 1920s, Grove became a star in Major League Baseball with the American League's Philadelphia Athletics and Boston Red Sox. One of the greatest pitchers in history, Grove led the American League in wins in four separate seasons, in strikeouts seven consecutive seasons, and had the league's lowest earned run average a record nine times. Over the course of the three years from 1929 to 1931, he twice won the pitcher's Triple Crown, leading the league in wins, strikeouts, and ERA, while amassing a 79–15 record and leading the Athletics to three straight AL championships. Overall, Grove won 300 games in his 17-year MLB career. He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1947.