hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Automated decision support
Automated Decision Support (ADS) systems are computer-based tools that use predefined rules to automatically solve routine and repetitive management problems. These systems assist human decision-makers by providing recommendations or solutions based on structured business rules, but typically the final decision remains with a person (unlike fully automated decision-making, where decisions are made entirely by computer systems without human intervention).

At the core of an ADS are business rules—explicit, formalized guidelines that define how decisions should be made. These rules are created and maintained through business analytics and guide the system in selecting appropriate actions based on the data and context.

Automated decision-making
Automated decision-making (ADM) is the use of data, machines and algorithms to make decisions in a range of contexts, including public administration, business, health, education, law, employment, transport, media and entertainment, with varying degrees of human oversight or intervention. ADM may involve large-scale data from a range of sources, such as databases, text, social media, sensors, images or speech, that is processed using various technologies including computer software, algorithms, machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence, augmented intelligence and robotics. The increasing use of automated decision-making systems (ADMS) across a range of contexts presents many benefits and challenges to human society requiring consideration of the technical, legal, ethical, societal, educational, economic and health consequences.
How Do You Sleep? (Sam Smith song)
"How Do You Sleep?" is a song by English singer Sam Smith, released on 19 July 2019. Smith co-wrote the song with Savan Kotecha, Max Martin and Ilya, the latter of whom produced the song. The song appears on Smith's third studio album Love Goes (2020). Commercially, the song reached number one in Lebanon and the top ten in thirteen additional countries.

Love Goes
Love Goes is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Sam Smith. It was released on 30 October 2020 through Capitol Records. The album serves as a follow-up to Smith's second studio album The Thrill of It All (2017). Originally planned to be titled To Die For and was due for release on 1 May 2020 but was delayed amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the album was promoted by the singles "My Oasis", "Diamonds" and "Kids Again".

Love Goes debuted in the top-ten on various official charts, including in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and Switzerland. In the United Kingdom, it debuted at number two, Smith's only album not to top the Official Albums Chart, while it peaked at number five on the US Billboard 200. It has sold over 4.5 million copies worldwide, as of 2021.
I'm Ready (Sori song)
"I'm Ready" is a song by the South Korean singer and actress Sori featuring the rapper Jaehyun. The song was released on December 26, 2018. "I'm Ready" was arranged, composed, and penned by the record producer Gamen Rider. The music video premiered on December 22, 2018, four days prior to the release of the single, and was directed by the film director Kyotaro Hayashi.

Sori (singer)
Kim So-ri (Korean: 김소리, born July 21, 1990), professionally known by the mononym Sori (stylized as SoRi), is a South Korean singer and actress. She is a former member of the duo CocoSori and the project girl group Real Girls Project.
José Ramiro Pellecer Samayoa
José Ramiro Pellecer Samayoa (10 October 1929 – 14 March 2022) was a Guatemalan Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop.

Pellecer Samayoa was born in Guatemala and was ordained to the priesthood in 1954. He served as titular bishop of Teglata in Proconsuan and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guatemala, Guateamala, from 1968 until his retirement in 2010. He also served as apostolic administrator of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Escuintla, Guatemala from 1982 to 1986.

Archdiocese of Santiago de Guatemala
The Archdiocese of Santiago de Guatemala is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Guatemala. It is a primatial metropolitan see with six suffragan dioceses in its ecclesiastical province.
Mastoid cells
The mastoid cells (also called air cells of Lenoir or mastoid cells of Lenoir) are air-filled cavities within the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the cranium. The mastoid cells are a form of skeletal pneumaticity. Infection in these cells is called mastoiditis.

The term cells here refers to enclosed spaces, not cells as living, biological units.

Skeletal pneumaticity
Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space, such as the lungs or nasal cavity. Pneumatization is highly variable between individuals, and bones not normally pneumatized can become pneumatized in pathological development.
The Argyle Sweater
The Argyle Sweater is an American daily comic strip written by Scott Hilburn, from Garland, Texas. The strip has been syndicated by Universal Press Syndicate (now Andrews McMeel Syndication) since April 2008.

The comic bears a strong resemblance to Gary Larson's The Far Side comic, which Hilburn acknowledges. In 2008, he told the Houston Chronicle, "There's no doubt that I was heavily influenced by Larson. He's one of the greats." Hilburn also lists among his influences cartoons in The New Yorker and National Lampoon magazines as well as cartoonists Sam Gross, Tom Cheney, and Jack Ziegler.

Universal Press Syndicate
Universal Press Syndicate (UPS), a subsidiary of Andrews McMeel Universal, was an independent American press syndicate. It distributed lifestyle and opinion columns, comic strips and other content. Popular columns include Dear Abby, Ann Coulter, Roger Ebert and News of the Weird. Founded in 1970, it was merged in July 2009 with Uclick (which published its comics on GoComics) to form Universal Uclick (now known as Andrews McMeel Syndication).
Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railroad
Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railroad was a 600 volt DC electric interurban railway in Sonoma County, California, United States. It operated between the cities of Petaluma, Sebastopol, Forestville, and Santa Rosa.  Company-owned steamboats provided service between Petaluma and San Francisco.

Portions of the original right-of-way have been acquired by Sonoma County government for the West County Trail and Joe Rodota Trail, managed by the Sonoma County Regional Parks Department.
A portion of the original right-of-way can be found along the waterfront in Petaluma. Efforts have been made by volunteers to re-activate this line to become a trolley line once again.

Joe Rodota Trail
The Joe Rodota Trail is a 8.5-mile (13.7 km) paved rail trail in Sonoma County, California that spans from near the intersection of Mill Station Road and Highway 116 in Sebastopol to the area of West 3rd Street and Roberts Avenue in Santa Rosa. The trail provides a safety separation for pedestrians and bicycles from motor vehicle traffic on the parallel California State Route 12/Luther Burbank Memorial Highway.

The trail has hosted a homeless encampment that grew exponentially in the late 2010s. The encampment was a topic of concern for residents and politicians, resulting in elected officials approving $12 million for housing units. In January 2020, the encampment was dispersed and some of its campers and inhabitants relocated to other areas in Santa Rosa or Sonoma County.
Bancroft Shed
Bancroft Shed was a weaving shed in Barnoldswick, Lancashire, England, situated on the road to Skipton. Construction was started in 1914 and the shed was commissioned in 1920 for James Nutter & Sons Limited. The mill closed on 22 December 1978 and was demolished. The engine house, chimneys and boilers have been preserved and maintained as a working steam museum. The mill was the last steam-driven weaving shed to be constructed and the last to close.

The engine house is open to visitors and the William Roberts cross compound 600hp engine regularly runs from steam generated from donated wood.

More looms
The more looms system was a productivity strategy introduced in the Lancashire cotton industry, whereby each weaver would manage a greater number of looms. It was an alternative to investing in the more productive Northrop automatic looms in the 1930s. It caused resentment, resulted in industrial action, and failed to achieve any significant cost savings.
Dalreoch railway station
Dalreoch railway station serves the west end of Dumbarton in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The station is managed and served by ScotRail and is served by trains on the North Clyde Line. The station is 16 miles 38 chains (26.5 km) northwest of Glasgow Queen Street (High Level), measured via Singer and Maryhill.

Dumbarton
Dumbarton (/dʌmˈbɑːrtən/; Scots: Dumbairton, Dumbartoun or Dumbertan; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatann [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ən̪ˠ] or Dùn Breatainn [t̪um ˈpɾʲɛht̪ɪɲ], meaning 'fort of the Britons') is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, on the north bank of the River Clyde where the River Leven flows into the Clyde estuary. In 2006, it had an estimated population of 19,990.

Dumbarton was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Strathclyde, and later the county town of Dunbartonshire.
Dumbarton Castle, on top of Dumbarton Rock, dominates the area. Dumbarton was a royal burgh between 1222 and 1975.

Dumbarton emerged from the 19th century as a centre for shipbuilding, glassmaking, and whisky production. However, these industries have since declined, and Dumbarton today is increasingly a commuter town for Glasgow 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast of it. Dumbarton F.C. is the local football club.
Archdeacon of Oakham
The Archdeacon of Oakham is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Anglican Diocese of Peterborough. As such, they are responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within its six rural deaneries: Corby, Higham, Kettering, Oundle, Peterborough and Rutland.

The archdeaconry was created by splitting the Archdeaconry of Northampton on 29 June 1875; the archdeaconry has remained part of Peterborough diocese since its creation.

Anglican Diocese of Peterborough
The Diocese of Peterborough forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. Its seat is the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Andrew, which was founded as a monastery in AD 655 and re-built in its present form between 1118 and 1238.
White Fulani
White Fulani cattle are an important beef breed of cattle found across the regions inhabited by the Fulani people and beyond in the Sahel zone of Africa.  Although primarily Zebu, they originate from the Sanga cattle lineage.  Characterized by high lyre shaped horns, they have either thoracic humps like the Zebu or humps intermediate with the cervico-thoracic humps of the Sanga.

The White Fulani and Red Fulani are distinct breeds, differing in both origin and in the regions where they are raised.

Sanga cattle
Sanga cattle is the collective name for indigenous cattle of some regions in Africa. They are sometimes identified as a subspecies with the scientific name Bos taurus africanus. Their history of domestication and their origins in relation to taurine cattle, zebu cattle (indicine), and native African varieties of the ancestral aurochs are a matter of debate. "African taurine", "sanga", "zenga", "sheko", "African indicine" are all sub-groups of Sanga cattle.
St Stephen's Club
St Stephen's Club was a private member's club in Westminster, London, founded in 1870.

St Stephen's was originally on the corner of Bridge Street and the Embankment, in London SW1, now the location of Portcullis House. From 1962 it occupied a building at 34 Queen Anne's Gate, overlooking Birdcage Walk and St James's Park.

According to Charles Dickens Jr., writing in 1879:

St Stephen’s Club, Victoria Embankment, S. W. — The only persons eligible for membership are those who profess and maintain Constitutional and Conservative principles. The committee have power to select for ballot twenty candidates annually from those duly proposed and seconded, who shall be called selected members. The election of members is by ballot in committee. Entrance fee, £31 10s.; subscription, £10 10s.

Queen Anne's Gate
Queen Anne’s Gate is a street in Westminster, London. Many of the buildings are Grade I listed, known for their Queen Anne architecture. Simon Bradley and Nikolaus Pevsner described the Gate’s early 18th century houses as “the best of their kind in London.” The street’s proximity to the Palace of Westminster made it a popular residential area for politicians; Lord Palmerston was born at No. 20 while Sir Edward Grey and Lord Haldane, senior members of H. H. Asquith’s Cabinet, were near neighbours at Nos. 3 and 28 respectively. Other prominent residents included the philosopher John Stuart Mill at No. 40, Mansfield Smith-Cumming, the founder of MI6 at No. 21, and Admiral “Jacky” Fisher at No. 16.
Baek Ji-won
Baek Ji-won (Korean: 백지원; born April 30, 1973) is a South Korean actress. She graduated in Horticultural Science from Kyung Hee University. She made her acting debut in 1996 in play My father got cancer. She is known for her role in television series Once Again (2020),  apart from that she appeared in film Solace (2007) and television series The Fiery Priest (2019) and Do You Like Brahms? (2020). She has appeared in television dramas Encounter (2018–19), Racket Boys (2021), Melancholia (2021).

Solace (2006 film)
Solace (Korean: 사랑할 때 이야기하는 것들; RR: Saranghal ttae iyagihaneun geotdeul; lit. 'Things You Say When You're in Love') is a 2006 South Korean romantic drama film directed by Byeon Seung-wook in his directorial debut. It stars Han Suk-kyu as a pharmacist who cares for his mentally disabled brother, and the relationship he builds with a debt-saddled woman (played by Kim Ji-soo) who sells fake designer clothes.
2011 World's Strongest Man
The 2011 World's Strongest Man was the 34th edition of World's Strongest Man and was held on the campus grounds of Wingate University in Wingate, North Carolina, US. The event was sponsored by MET-Rx. The qualifying heats were scheduled for September 15–18, and the finals on September 21 and 22, 2011.

Brian Shaw placed first, 2009 and 2010 champion Zydrunas Savickas placed second, and Terry Hollands placed third.

Terry Hollands
Terry Hollands (born 6 June 1979) is a British amateur bodybuilder and a retired strongman competitor. He is most noted for achieving third place at the World's Strongest Man competition in 2007 and 2011.

He is also the winner of England's Strongest Man, Britain's Strongest Man and UK's Strongest Man competitions at the national circuit.
Wang Xin (badminton)
Wang Xin (Chinese: 汪鑫; pinyin: Wāng Xīn; born 10 November 1985) is a retired badminton player from China and former World No. 1 women's singles player. She was awarded as Best Female Players of the Year by the BWF in 2010. Wang represented China in the 2012 Summer Olympics and had to forfeit the match in the bronze medal playoff game against Saina Nehwal of India in which she was 21–18, 1–0 up, due to a knee injury.

After the Olympics, Wang Xin struggled to get back into competition but was never successful due to the severity of her injury. In 2013, at the age of 28 years, she retired from professional badminton.

Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles
The badminton women's singles tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place from 28 July to 4 August at Wembley Arena.

The draw was held on 23 July 2012. Forty-six players from 42 nations competed.

In an all-Chinese final, Li Xuerui defeated reigning World Number 1 Wang Yihan to win the gold medal. India's Saina Nehwal took bronze after the injury-forced withdrawal of China's Wang Xin. This was the first medal of any colour for India in Olympic badminton.
Mohakhali
Mohakhali (Bengali: মহাখালী) is a neighborhood of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. Mohakhali is one of the busiest places in Dhaka city. Mohakhali is bounded by Banani in the north, Tejgoan area in the south, Gulshan and Niketan is in the east and Mohakhali DOHS in the west. Many important offices and institutions are based in Mohakhali. Mohakhali Inter District Bus Terminal is one of the
most important terminals of Dhaka city. DGHS, NICRH, NIDCH, BCPS, Institute of
Health Technology, Dhaka, BRAC Centre, Titumir College, ICDDR,B and SKS Tower are situated in Mohakhali. T & T satellite offices are situated on the west side of the Korail slum. Mohakhali Flyover, the first flyover to open to traffic in the country, in November 2004, is located in Mohakhali. Mohakhali General Market is situated beside the flyover bridge close to the Dhaka-Mymensingh highway.

Mohakhali Flyover
Mohakhali Flyover (Bengali: মহাখালী উড়ালসেতু)  is an overpass located at Mohakhali in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Upon its completion in November 2004, it was the first flyover to open to traffic in Bangladesh. Although the construction of Khilgaon flyover had started earlier, Mohakhali flyover was completed first and inaugurated before Khilgaon flyover, making Mohakhali the country's first functional flyover.

Construction of the Mohakhali flyover began in December 2001, and it was opened to traffic in November 2004. The length of this flyover is 1.12 km and it was built with the help of 19 pillars. There is a 7.5m wide road for vehicular movement and a 0.6m footpath on both sides. The flyover took about three years to complete at a cost of about 114 crore taka.
Keio Inokashira Line
The Keio Inokashira Line (京王井の頭線, Keiō Inokashira-sen) is a railway line operated by the Japanese private railway operator Keio Corporation in the western suburbs of Tokyo, connecting Shibuya in Tokyo with Kichijōji in Musashino City. It is not physically connected to the Keio Main Line Network, but a transfer is available at Meidaimae Station. This line is 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge, unlike other Keio lines which are 1,372 mm (4 ft 6 in) gauge.

Musashino, Tokyo
Musashino (武蔵野市, Musashino-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mɯ.sa.ɕi.no, mɯ.sa.ɕi.noꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 147,754 in 78,614 households, and a population density of 13,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 10.98 square kilometres (4.24 sq mi). Based on the 2019 survey by SUUMO, the Kichijoji neighborhood of Musashino was the third most desirable place to live in central Japan.

Popular attractions in Musashino include Kichijōji; a residential and shopping neighborhood with malls such as Atre Kichijoji, recreational areas such as Inokashira Park, Musashino Chuo Park, Musashino Municipal Athletic Stadium and Musashino Sports Complex.
Hadley engine
The Ursa Major Technologies Hadley is a 22-kilonewton  (5,000 lbf) thrust Kerosene/LOX oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle rocket engine.

Hadley is the first engine developed by Ursa Major Technologies. It started development in 2015, and prototypes were test fired in 2018. In March 2022 qualification of the engine was complete and flight-ready engines had been delivered to customers. In March 2024 Stratolaunch Systems announced completion of the first powered flight of the Talon-A test vehicle, TA-1. Hadley is the engine powering Talon-A.

Another initial customer, Phantom Space Corporation, plans to use Hadley on their Daytona small-lift rocket. ABL Space Systems initially announced they would use the Hadley engine for the upper-stage of their RS1 rocket, but have subsequently decided to use an internally-developed engine called E2. In April 2023, Astra suggested the vacuum variant of the Hadley engine would power the second stage of their Rocket 4.0 launch vehicle.

Staged combustion cycle
The staged combustion cycle (sometimes known as topping cycle, preburner cycle, or closed cycle) is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. In the staged combustion cycle, propellant flows through multiple combustion chambers, and is thus combusted in stages. The main advantage relative to other rocket engine power cycles is high fuel efficiency, measured through specific impulse, while its main disadvantage is engineering complexity.

Typically, propellant flows through two kinds of combustion chambers; the first called preburner and the second called main combustion chamber. In the preburner, a small portion of propellant is partly combusted under non-stoichiometric conditions, increasing the volume of flow driving the turbopumps that feed the engine with propellant. The gas is then injected into the main combustion chamber and combusted completely with the other propellant to produce thrust.
Carlo Alberto Sperati
Carlo Alberto Sperati (December 29, 1860 – September 12, 1945) was a Norwegian-American composer and music professor.

Sperati was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway, the son of the conductor Paolo Sperati. He went to sea in 1877, and then enrolled in theological studies at Luther College in Decorah, Iowa in 1884. He graduated in 1888. He married Emma Hoffoss in 1891 and became a priest in the Lutheran church that same year. He became a teacher in Tacoma, Washington in 1894, and he also worked at Pacific Lutheran University, where, among other events, he conducted a band that played on Mount Rainier.

Sperati is best known for his work at Luther College, where he was a professor of music from 1905 to 1943. He conducted the Luther College Concert Band on tours in Europe and the United States.

Paolo Sperati
Paolo Agostino Sperati (March 26, 1821 – May 20, 1884) was an Italian conductor, musician, and composer that was active in the theater and opera life of  Christiania (now Oslo), Norway in the 19th century.
Family Secrets (2003 TV series)
Family Secrets is a television documentary series which premiered in February 2003, created and produced by Maureen Judge.

The 30 minute episodes featured raw, compelling and honest accounts of the impact of secrets on families and their lives. The show used a mix of fly-on-the-wall style observational scenes, informal interviews, home movies, and other material. Each episode features a different family, taking viewers on an intensely personal, humorously nervous and emotionally moving journey into the private world of family relationships.

The series aired on W Network.

Maureen Judge
Maureen Judge is a Canadian Screen Awards (CSA) winning filmmaker and television producer. Much of her work is documentary and explores themes of love, betrayal and acceptance in the context of the modern family, with the most recent films focusing on the dreams and challenges of contemporary youth.
Tom Burlison
Thomas Henry Burlison, Baron Burlison, DL (23 May 1936 – 20 May 2008) was a British footballer, GMB trade unionist and Treasurer of the Labour Party. He was the first former professional footballer to take a seat in the House of Lords.

Burlison was born in Edmondsley, County Durham, the son of a miner, Robert Burlison, and his wife, Georgina. He was educated in Edmondsley and worked as a panel beater from 1951 to 1957, joining the General and Municipal Workers' Union (GMWU, later merged to form the GMB).

Edmondsley
Edmondsley is a small village in County Durham, England. It is situated a few miles south-west of Chester-le-Street, near the villages of Craghead and Sacriston.

Coal mining once provided the village's main source of employment, but the last mines in the area had closed by the mid-1980s.

Edmondsley has one primary school and a post office. There was also a public house, the Fleece, but this closed in 2007.