hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naval flag signalling
Naval flag signalling covers various forms of flag signalling, such as semaphore or flaghoist, used by various navies; distinguished from maritime flag signalling by merchant or other non-naval vessels or flags used for identification.

Flag semaphore
Flag semaphore (from the Ancient Greek σῆμα (sêma) 'sign' and -φέρω (-phero) '-bearer') is a semaphore system conveying information at a distance by means of visual signals with hand-held flags, rods, disks, paddles, or occasionally bare or gloved hands. Information is encoded by the position of the flags; it is read when the flag is in a fixed position. Semaphores were adopted and widely used (with hand-held flags replacing the mechanical arms of shutter semaphores) in the maritime world in the 19th century. It is still used during underway replenishment at sea and is acceptable for emergency communication in daylight or, using lighted wands instead of flags, at night.
Tatyana Mezhentseva
Tatyana "Tanya" Mezhentseva (Russian: Татьяна "Таня" Меженцева; born 14 December 2009) is a Russian singer. She represented Russia in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2019 along with Denberel Oorzhak with the song "A Time for Us", placing 13th. Mezhentseva was again selected, this time as a solo performer, to represent her country at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with the song "Mon ami", eventually placing seventh. This made her the third Junior Eurovision Song Contest entrant to compete twice, after Ekaterina Ryabova for Russia in 2009 and 2011 and Lerika for Moldova in 2011 and for Russia in 2012.

Russia in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2019
Russia was represented at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2019 which took place on 24 November 2019 in Gliwice, Poland. The Russian broadcaster All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (VGTRK) was responsible for organising their entry for the contest. Tatyana Mezhentseva and Denberel Oorzhak won the national final on 24 September 2019 with the song "Vremya dlya nas". The Russian organisation team later opted to change the name of the song to "A Time for Us".
TON 618
TON 618 (abbreviation of Tonantzintla 618) is a hyperluminous, broad-absorption-line, radio-loud quasar, and Lyman-alpha blob located near the border of the constellations Canes Venatici and Coma Berenices, with the projected comoving distance of approximately 18.2 billion light-years from Earth. It contains one of the most massive black holes ever found, at roughly 40.7 billion M☉.

Spectral line
A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum. It may result from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules. These "fingerprints" can be compared to the previously collected ones of atoms and molecules, and are thus used to identify the atomic and molecular components of stars and planets, which would otherwise be impossible.
Kansa language
Kansa (native name: Kaáⁿze Íe), sometimes known as Kaw or Kanza, is a Siouan language of the Dhegihan group once spoken by the Kaw people of Oklahoma. Vice President Charles Curtis spoke Kansa as a child. The last mother-tongue speaker, Walter Kekahbah, died in 1983.

Omaha–Ponca language
Omaha–Ponca is a Siouan language spoken by the Omaha (Umoⁿhoⁿ) people of Nebraska and the Ponca (Paⁿka) people of Oklahoma and Nebraska.  The two dialects differ minimally but are considered distinct languages by their speakers.
South African Table Tennis Board
The South African Table Tennis Board (SATTB) is the national governing body responsible for table tennis in South Africa. The organisation has been affiliated to both the ITTF (International Table Tennis Federation) since 1950, and the African Table Tennis Federation. SATTB is based in Pretoria.

International Table Tennis Federation
The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) is the governing body for national table tennis associations that use ITTF-approved sponge table tennis rackets. The federation oversees rules and regulations, seeks technological improvement for the sport, and organizes numerous international competitions, including the World Table Tennis Championships.
Synthetic musk
Synthetic musks are a class of synthetic aroma compounds to emulate the scent of deer musk and other animal musks (castoreum and civet). Synthetic musks have a clean, smooth and sweet scent lacking the fecal notes of animal musks. They are used as flavorings and fixatives in cosmetics, detergents, perfumes and foods, supplying the base note of many perfume formulas. Most musk fragrance used in perfumery today is synthetic.

Synthetic musks in a narrower sense are chemicals modeled after the main odorants in animal musk: muscone in deer musk, and civetone in civet. Muscone and civetone are macrocyclic ketones. Other structurally distinct compounds with similar odors are also known as musks.

Muscone
Muscone is a macrocyclic ketone, an organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of deer musk.  Natural muscone is obtained from musk, a glandular secretion of the musk deer, which has been used in perfumery and medicine for thousands of years. Since obtaining natural musk requires killing the endangered animal, nearly all muscone used in perfumery and for scenting consumer products today is synthetic. It has the characteristic smell of being "musky".
James Rosen (author)
James Martin Rosen is an American journalist and former Pentagon correspondent for McClatchy.  He has covered politics since the 1980s, and has received two National Press Club awards for his reporting in Washington D.C. In 2021 he was honored for general column writing by the Society of Professional Journalists. His articles have been published by the New York Daily News, The News & Observer, the Miami Herald, McClatchy and the Tribune Content Agency. More recently, his columns have run in more than 100 newspapers and news outlets across the country, among them the Boston Globe, Newsday, the Houston Chronicle, and the Detroit Free Press. In 2017 and 2018, he received awards from the Military Reporters and Editors Association for his coverage of the Pentagon.

The News & Observer
The News & Observer is an American regional daily newspaper that serves the greater Triangle area based in Raleigh, North Carolina. The paper is the largest in circulation in the state (second is The Charlotte Observer). The paper has been awarded three Pulitzer Prizes, the most recent of which was in 1996 for a series on the health and environmental impact of North Carolina's booming hog industry. The paper was one of the first in the world to launch an online version of the publication, Nando.net in 1994.
Agency of Deposit Compensation of Belarus
The Agency of Deposit Compensation, ADC (Belarusian: Агенцтва гарантаванага пакрыцьця банкаўскіх укладаў (дэпазытаў) фізычных асобаў, АГПБУ, romanized: Ahienctva harantavanaha pakryćcia bankaŭskich ukladaŭ (depazytaŭ) fizyčnych asobaŭ, AHPBU) is a Belarusian government agency providing deposit insurance for the deposits of natural persons. It was established in December 2008 in compliance with Belarusian laws. Yauhen Yawlashkin was appointed as its general director.

Each deposit-taking financial institution in Belarus, is required to be registered with the ADC.

An unlimited state guarantee was announced on 31 July 2008 (excluding deposits belonging to individuals registered as sole traders). Interest yields insurance is not guaranteed by the law.

The Agency of Deposit Compensation is a public institution and is accountable to the Council of Ministers of Belarus and to National Bank of Belarus.

National Bank of the Republic of Belarus
The National Bank of the Republic of Belarus (NBRB; Belarusian: Нацыянальны банк Рэспублікі Беларусь; Russian: Национальный банк Республики Беларусь) is the central bank of Belarus, located in Minsk. The bank was created in 1922 under the name of "Belarusian Republican Bank" by the Soviet of People's Commissars of Byelorussia, but soon worked under the direction of the State Bank of the USSR. Undergoing reorganizations in 1959 and 1987, the bank appeared in its current form in 1990 after the passage of banking rules upon declaring independence from the Soviet Union.
Tashmetum
Tashmetum (𒀭𒌨𒈨𒌈, dtaš-me-tum, Tašmētum) was a Mesopotamian goddess. Her character is poorly understood, and she is best attested as the spouse of Nabu, though they only came to be associated with each other in the eighteenth century BCE. She was worshiped in Assyria as early as in the nineteenth century BCE, and reached Babylonia in the Old Babylonian period. Sources from the first millennium BCE indicate she was venerated alongside Nabu in cities such as Borsippa and Kalhu.

Old Babylonian Empire
The Old Babylonian Empire, or First Babylonian Empire, is dated to c. 1894–1595 BC, and comes after the end of Sumerian power with the destruction of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the subsequent Isin-Larsa period. The chronology of the first dynasty of Babylonia is debated; there is a Babylonian King List A and also a Babylonian King List B, with generally longer regnal lengths. In this chronology, the regnal years of List A are used due to their wide usage.
Mary Coughlan (politician)
Mary Coughlan (born 28 May 1965) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Tánaiste from 2008 to 2011, Deputy leader of Fianna Fáil from 2008 to 2011, Minister for Health and Children from January 2011 to March 2011, Minister for Education and Skills from 2010 to 2011, Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment from 2008 to 2010, Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food from 2004 to 2008, Minister for Social and Family Affairs from 2002 to 2004 and Minister of State for the Gaeltacht and the Islands from 2001 to 2002. She served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Donegal South-West constituency from 1987 to 2011.

Minister for Health (Ireland)
The Minister for Health (Irish: An tAire Sláinte) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Health. The Minister for Health is responsible for healthcare in Ireland and related services.

The current Minister for Health is Jennifer Carroll MacNeill, TD. She is assisted by:

Mary Butler, TD – Minister of State for mental health

Jennifer Murnane O'Connor, TD – Minister of State for public health, well-being and drugs; and

Kieran O'Donnell, TD – Minister of State for older people
Arts Council of Mendocino County
The Arts Council of Mendocino County (ACMC) is the Mendocino County, California arts council serving the arts in the Mendocino area. This council is under the California state arts council the California Arts Council.

The Mendocino Ballet is connected with this organization, funding it in part with ticket sales. It awards grants through its Get Arts in the Schools Program to bring artists, musicians, and other creative professionals into local schools.

The Arts Council of Mendocino County runs under the California state arts council, the California Arts Council (CAC).

California Arts Council
The California Arts Council functions as a state agency headquartered in Sacramento, California. Its board comprises eight council members who receive appointments from both the Governor and the California State Legislature. The agency's objective is to promote the advancement of California's cultural landscape through arts, culture, and creativity.
U.S. Route 78 in South Carolina
U.S. Route 78 (US 78) is a 142.207-mile (228.860 km) U.S. highway that travels from Swifton, Arkansas to Charleston, South Carolina. In the U.S. state of South Carolina, it travels from the Savannah River at North Augusta to its eastern terminus in Charleston; connecting the cities of Aiken, Summerville, and North Charleston.

Summerville, South Carolina
Summerville is a town in the U.S. state of South Carolina situated mostly in Dorchester County, with small portions in Berkeley and Charleston counties. It lies approximately five miles from the Ashley River. The population was 50,915 at the 2020 census, making it the seventh-most populous city in South Carolina. It is part of the Charleston metropolitan area.
Wait Until Dark (film)
Wait Until Dark is a 1967 American psychological home invasion thriller film made by Warner Bros.-Seven Arts starring Audrey Hepburn, Alan Arkin, and Richard Crenna. The picture was directed by Terence Young and produced by Mel Ferrer, from a screenplay by Robert Carrington and Jane-Howard Carrington based on the 1966 play of the same name by Frederick Knott. Efrem Zimbalist Jr. and Jack Weston appear in supporting roles.

Hepburn earned nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama for her performance, while Zimbalist was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture. The film is ranked number 55 on the American Film Institute's 2001 "100 Years...100 Thrills" list, and its climax is ranked tenth on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments.

AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills
Part of the AFI 100 Years... series, AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills is a list of the top 100 most exciting movies in American cinema. The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 12, 2001, during a CBS special hosted by Harrison Ford.

Nine Alfred Hitchcock films made the list, making "the master of suspense" the most represented director.
RD Prule 67
Rokometno društvo Prule 67, commonly referred to as RD Prule 67 or simply Prule 67, was a handball club from Ljubljana, Slovenia. Due to financial problems, the club was dissolved in 2005. They have won the Slovenian First League of Handball once, in the 2001–02 season.

Slovenian First League (men's handball)
The Slovenian First League of Handball (Slovene: 1. slovenska rokometna liga), currently named Liga NLB due to sponsorship reasons, is the top handball league in Slovenia. It is organized by the Handball Federation of Slovenia (Rokometna zveza Slovenije). The league comprises twelve teams.
Roxy Astor
Tracee Leigh Meltzer (née Phelps) (born October 23, 1962), best known as Roxy Astor, is an American actress, wrestler, children's fashion designer and hairstylist. She wrestled as one half of the tag team duo The Park Avenue Knockouts on G.L.O.W.: Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling. She wrestled on G.L.O.W. for seasons 3 and 4.

Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling
Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling (also known by its initials as GLOW or G.L.O.W.) is a women's professional wrestling promotion that began in 1986 (the pilot was filmed in December 1985) and has continued in various forms after it left television. Colorful characters, strong women, and over-the-top comedy sketches were integral to the series' success. Most of the performers were actresses, models, dancers or stunt women hoping to enter show business.
Eleanor Tufts
Eleanor May Tufts  (February 1, 1927 – December 2, 1991) was an American art historian, feminist and professor of art history at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas.

Her work as an author, historian and lecturer was key to the opening of the National Museum for Women in the Arts in 1974. The collection gathers her papers on biographical data, correspondence, professional material, essays, articles, student papers, and manuscripts covering the years between 1927 and 1991, with the bulk of the materials from 1970 to 1988.

National Museum of Women in the Arts
The National Museum of Women in the Arts (NMWA), located in Washington, D.C., is "the first museum in the world solely dedicated" to championing women through the arts. NMWA was incorporated in 1981 by Wallace and Wilhelmina Holladay. Since opening in 1987, the museum has acquired a collection of more than 6,000 works by more than 1,000 artists, ranging from the 16th century to today. The collection includes works by Mary Cassatt, Alma Woodsey Thomas, Élisabeth Louise Vigée-LeBrun, and Amy Sherald. NMWA also holds the only painting by Frida Kahlo in Washington, D.C., Self-Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trotsky.

The museum occupies the old Masonic Temple, a building listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. In 2021 the museum temporarily closed to undergo a $66 million transformative renovation. The museum reopened to the public on October 21, 2023.
Oocyte cryopreservation
Oocyte cryopreservation (commonly referred to as OC or egg freezing) is a form of assisted reproductive technology (ART) used to preserve human eggs (oocytes). The technique is often used to protect against future infertility or delaying childbearing: when pregnancy is desired, the eggs can be thawed, fertilized, and transferred to the uterus as embryos. The procedure's success rate varies depending on factors such as the individual's age (with higher odds of success in younger individuals), overall health, and genetic factors. The first human birth of oocyte cryopreservation was reported in 1986. Although embryo cryopreservation is the most established method of fertility preservation, oocyte cryopreservation is often the best option for single reproductive-age women in need of delaying childbearing for any reason.

Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. While processes such as insemination or pollination, which happen before the fusion of gametes, are also sometimes informally referred to as fertilisation, these are technically separate processes. The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction. During double fertilisation in angiosperms, the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation.
History of probability
Probability has a dual aspect: on the one hand the likelihood of hypotheses given the evidence for them, and on the other hand the behavior of stochastic processes such as the throwing of dice or coins. The study of the former is historically older in, for example, the law of evidence, while the mathematical treatment of dice began with the work of Cardano, Pascal, Fermat and Christiaan Huygens between the 16th and 17th century.

Probability deals with random experiments with a known distribution, Statistics deals with inference from the data about the unknown distribution.

Pierre de Fermat
Pierre de Fermat (/fɜːrˈmɑː/; French: [pjɛʁ də fɛʁma]; 17 August 1601 – 12 January 1665) was a French magistrate, polymath, and above all mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his discovery of an original method of finding the greatest and the smallest ordinates of curved lines, which is analogous to that of differential calculus, then unknown, and his research into number theory. He made notable contributions to analytic geometry, probability, and optics. He is best known for his Fermat's principle for light propagation and his Fermat's Last Theorem in number theory, which he described in a note at the margin of a copy of Diophantus' Arithmetica. He was also a lawyer at the parlement of Toulouse, France, a poet, a skilled Latinist, and a Hellenist.
Keith Null
Keith Aaron Null (born September 24, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the West Texas A&M Buffaloes and was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the sixth round of the 2009 NFL draft. Null was also a member of the Jacksonville Jaguars and Carolina Panthers.

West Texas A&M Buffaloes football
The West Texas A&M Buffaloes football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the West Texas A&M University located in the U.S. state of Texas. The team competes in Division II and are members of the Lone Star Conference. The school's first football team was fielded in 1910. Since 2019, the Buffaloes have played their home games at the 8,500 seat on-campus Bain–Schaeffer Buffalo Stadium. The team formerly played at the 20,000 seat Kimbrough Memorial Stadium. They are coached by Josh Lynn.
Mary Aquinas Monaghan
Sister Dr. Mary Aquinas Monaghan MB, FRCP, OBE (30 August 1919 – 28 November 1985) was an Irish Missionary Sister of St. Columban nun and physician, and was among the first four nuns to qualify as physicians in Ireland. She was considered an authority on the treatment and management of tuberculosis.

Missionary Sisters of St. Columban
The Missionary Sisters of St. Columban (commonly referred to as the Columban Sisters, abbreviated as S.S.C.) are a religious institute of religious sisters dedicated to serve the poor and needy in the underdeveloped nations of the world. They were founded in Ireland in 1924 to share in the work of the priests of the Missionary Society of St. Columban.
Prüm Ministry
The Prüm Ministry took office in Luxembourg on 20 March 1925. It was formed after the Chamber elections of 1 March 1925 and was supported by the Independent National Party, the Liberals, the Socialists and elements of the Party of the Right. It resigned on 16 July 1926, as the Liberals and Socialists could not agree over a bill for workers' holiday.

Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)
The Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourgish: Chamber vun den Deputéierten or simply D'Chamber, French: Chambre des Députés, German: Abgeordnetenkammer), abbreviated to the Chamber, is the unicameral national legislature of Luxembourg. The metonym Krautmaart (French: Marché aux herbes, English: "Herb Market") is sometimes used for the Chamber, after the square on which the Hôtel de la Chambre is located.

The Chamber is made up of 60 seats. Deputies are elected to serve five-year terms by proportional representation in four multi-seat constituencies. Voters may vote for as many candidates as the constituency elects deputies.
Machan F.C.
Machan Football Club, simply known as the Machan F.C., is a Malaysian professional football club based in Sibu, Machan, Kanowit District, Sarawak. It plays in the second-tier Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League. The club's primary home ground is 5,000 capacity Azman Hashim Stadium.

Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League
The Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League (Malay: Liga A1 Semi-Pro Malaysia, previously known as the Malaysia M3 League and the MBSB Bank Championship due to sponsorship reasons) is the second level football league of the Malaysian football league system. It was created as the Malaysian Football League's reform of the domestic structure and replacement of the Malaysia FAM League.
Glucoalyssin
Glucoalyssin is an organic compound belonging to the group of glucosinolates, naturally found in cruciferous vegetables. It is structurally similar to glucoberteroin, which contains a thioether unit in the side chain rather than a sulfoxide unit.

Sulfoxide
In organic chemistry, a sulfoxide, also called a sulphoxide, is an organosulfur compound containing a sulfinyl (>SO) functional group attached to two carbon atoms. It is a polar functional group.  Sulfoxides are oxidized derivatives of sulfides. Examples of important sulfoxides are alliin, a precursor to the compound that gives freshly crushed garlic its aroma, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a common solvent.