hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Butterfly bend
The butterfly bend is a knot used to join the ends of two ropes together.  It is the analogous bend form of the butterfly loop, in that it is the butterfly loop with the loop cut.  The observation that the butterfly loop is secure enough to isolate a worn or damaged section of rope within the loop indicated that the bend form of the knot would be similarly secure.

Bend (knot)
A bend is a type of knot used to unite two lengths of rope, or two parts of the same rope. Bends are used in a variety of situations, including climbing, sailing, and securing loads. They are classified based on their ability to be tightened or released, their resistance to slipping, and their strength. Some common types include the sheet bend, the double fisherman's knot, and the double figure-eight bend. Bends allow the combined ropes to support weight or transmit force.
William Creswick
William Creswick (27 December 1813 – 17 June 1888) was an English actor.  A popular tragedian on the London stage, he appeared with many leading actors of his day, including William Charles Macready, Edwin Booth and Fanny Kemble and was well known for his Shakespearean and melodrama roles in Britain, the U.S. and Australia.

William Macready
William Charles Macready (3 March 1793 – 27 April 1873) was an English stage actor. The son of Irish actor-manager William Macready the Elder he emerged as a leading West End performer during the Regency era.
Beaver Creek Provincial Park (Manitoba)
Beaver Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park on Lake Winnipeg near the mouth of Beaver Creek in the North Interlake Region of Manitoba, Canada.

The area was developed for recreational use by the province in the mid-1950s.

Interlake Region
The Interlake Region is an informal geographic region of the Canadian province of Manitoba that lies roughly between Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba.

The region comprises 14 rural municipalities, one city (Selkirk), six towns (Arborg, Riverton, Stonewall, Gimli, Teulon and Winnipeg Beach), and one village (Dunnottar). The largest population centre in the region is Selkirk, and the second largest is the town of Stonewall.

Argyle is a small hamlet that is located on the Principal Meridian of Canada, near the middle of the Interlake Region. 
Sandy Hook is located between Winnipeg Beach and Gimli, a popular summer vacation spot.
Jack Kroll (labor leader)
Jack Kroll (June 10, 1885 – May 26, 1971) was a 20th-century London-born American labor leader. He served as vice president (1928–1966) of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (ACW) under Sidney Hillman, affiliated throughout with either the AFL or CIO or merged AFL–CIO. He also was head of the CIO-PAC (1946–1955), and was close to U.S. Presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman.

Sidney Hillman
Sidney Hillman (March 23, 1887 – July 10, 1946) was an American labor leader. He was the head of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America and was a key figure in the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations and in marshaling labor's support for President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal coalition of the Democratic Party.
2024 Utah Senate election
The 2024 Utah Senate election was held on November 5, 2024, as part of the biennial 2024 United States elections. 15 of the 29 seats in the Utah Senate were up for election to the 66th Legislature. The filing deadline for candidates was January 8, 2024. Primary elections were held on June 24, 2024. The elections coincided with elections for other offices in Utah, including for Governor, US Senate, US House, and the Utah House.

2024 United States Senate election in Utah
The 2024 United States Senate election in Utah was held on November 5, 2024, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of Utah. Republican congressman John Curtis won his first term in office, succeeding Republican incumbent Mitt Romney, who did not seek a second term. Utah has been represented in the U.S. Senate exclusively by Republicans since 1977.

Despite finishing a distant second behind Riverton mayor Trent Staggs at the Utah Republican convention, Curtis won the Republican primary with 49% of the vote over Staggs and former state House speaker Brad Wilson. Democratic environmentalist Caroline Gleich won her party's nomination after receiving 93% of vote at the Utah Democratic convention.
William Shippen Jr.
William Shippen Jr. (October 21, 1736 – July 11, 1808), was the first systematic teacher of anatomy, surgery and obstetrics in Colonial America and founded the first maternity hospital in America. He was the 3rd Director General of Hospitals of the Continental Army.

Surgeon General of the United States Army
The surgeon general of the United States Army is the senior-most officer of the U.S. Army Medical Department (AMEDD). By policy, the surgeon general (TSG) serves as commanding general, U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) as well as head of the AMEDD. The surgeon general's office and staff are known as the Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG) and are located in Falls Church, Virginia.

Since 1959, TSG has been appointed in the grade of lieutenant general. By law, TSG may be appointed from any of the six officer branches of the AMEDD. However, prior to the 43rd surgeon general, Lt. Gen. Patricia Horoho — an Army Nurse Corps officer — all appointed and confirmed surgeons general have been Medical Corps officers — military physicians. The incumbent surgeon general is Lieutenant General Mary K. Izaguirre.
Hongō Station (Nagano)
Hongō Station (本郷駅, Hongō-eki) is a railway station in the northeastern part of city of Nagano, Japan, in area called Miwa (三輪). The station  is operated by the private railway operating company Nagano Electric Railway (長野電鉄株式会社, Nagano dentetsu).

The station serves the University of Nagano (長野県立大学 Nagano Kenritsu Daigaku), Nagano Women's Junior College (長野女子短期大学 Nagano joshi tanki daigaku), Nagano School for the Deaf (長野県長野ろう学校 Naganoken Nagano rou gakkou), Nagano Prefectural, Nagano Senior High School (長野県長野高等学校 Naganoken Nagano koutou gakkou), and Nagano Girls Senior High School (長野女子高等学校 Nagano joshi koutou gakkou).

Nagano Electric Railway
Nagano Electric Railway (長野電鉄, Nagano Dentetsu) is a private railway company based in Nagano, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The company and its line are commonly referred to as Nagaden (長電). It originally operated three lines, but only the Nagano Line between Nagano — Suzaka — Shinshū-Nakano — Yudanaka remains in service. Nagaden owns a 1.1% stake in Shinano Railway.
Bob Slayer
Bob Slayer is an Edinburgh Comedy Award winning comedian, musician and promoter. He has been part of a new economic model for venues at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe which has made the event fairer and more affordable for performers and audiences. Acts that have performed at his venues have won and been nominated for a number of prestigious awards.

Edinburgh Comedy Awards
The Edinburgh Comedy Awards (formerly the Perrier Comedy Awards, and also briefly known by other names for sponsorship reasons) are presented to the comedy shows deemed to have been the best at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in Scotland. Established in 1981, they are the most prestigious comedy prize in the United Kingdom. The awards have been directed and produced by Nica Burns since 1984.
Media depictions of body shape
Body shape refers to the many physical attributes of the human body that make up its appearance, including size and countenance. Body shape has come to imply not only sexual/reproductive ability, but wellness and fitness. In the West, slenderness is associated with happiness, success, youth, and social acceptability. Being overweight is associated with laziness. The media promote a weight-conscious standard for women more often than for men.   Deviance from these norms result in social consequences. The media perpetuate this ideal in various ways, particularly glorifying and focusing on thin actors and actresses, models, and other public figures while avoiding the use or image of overweight individuals. This thin ideal represents less than 15% of the American population.

Thin ideal
The thin ideal is the concept of the ideally slim female body. The common perception of this ideal is a woman who possesses a slender, feminine physique with a small waist and little body fat. The size that the thin ideal woman should be is decreasing while the rate of female obesity is simultaneously increasing, making this iconic body difficult for women to maintain. This creates a gap between the actual appearance of an average woman’s body and its expected appearance which, depending on the extent to which a woman internalizes the necessity of living up to this ideal for her well-being and peace of mind, may have serious psychological effects.
George S. Middleton High School
Middleton High School is a public high school in Tampa, Florida, named in honor of George S. Middleton, an African-American mail carrier, businessman and civic leader who moved to Tampa from South Carolina in the late 19th century. Middleton was established for black students in 1934 during the segregation era. The current facility opened in 2002 on North 22nd Street in East Tampa.

Middleton's mascot is the Tiger. Its rival school in Hillsborough County is Howard W. Blake High School. A historical marker recounts the school's history. It was an all-black school for nearly 40 years and remains predominantly black along with its surrounding neighborhood. It became a junior high school in 1971.

Middleton High School reopened in a new location in 2002 with community support. In 2008, a report recounted the school's struggles to improve academic achievement.

Howard W. Blake High School
Howard W. Blake High School is a public magnet high school, with an emphasis on the arts, in Tampa, Florida, United States. It is operated by the School District of Hillsborough County. Originally opened in 1956 as a school for African-Americans, it was integrated as a junior high school after the end of segregation. The current building opened in 1997, when Blake again became a high school.
Battle of Senafe
The battle of Senafe took place during the First Italo-Ethiopian War on January 15 and 16, 1895. Italian colonial troops destroyed the remnants of the Tigrayan army that had withdrawn after the Battle of Coatit the day before.

Battle of Coatit
The Battle of Coatit was fought on 13 January 1895 between Italy and Ethiopian proxies led by Tigrayan Prince Ras Mengesha Yohannes in what is now Eritrea. It was the opening battle of the First Italo–Ethiopian War, and was a significant victory for the Italians, as they rebuffed an invasion force.
Grey Valley (electorate)
Grey Valley is a former parliamentary electorate in the West Coast region of New Zealand. The electorate was created for the 1871 general election as a single-member electorate, became a two-member electorate for the 1876 general election, and was split between the single-member electorates of Greymouth and Inangahua for the 1881 general election.

Inangahua (electorate)
Inangahua is a former parliamentary electorate in the Buller District, which is part of the West Coast region of New Zealand, from 1881 to 1896. The town of Inangahua Junction, which gave the electorate its name, was located in the adjacent Buller electorate until 1887.
Edible gold
Edible gold is a particular type of gold authorized by the European Union and the United States as a food additive, under the code E 175. It is used in haute cuisine as part of a trend towards extravagance in meals. It can be employed in foods and beverages such as in cookies decoration, wines or liquors; as sushi garnishment; or over ice cream. There are neither negative effects nor benefits from eating high-carat, food-grade gold since it is biologically inert, and it is usually suitable for use in food since it does not oxidize or corrode in moist air, unlike many other metals.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
Tiffany, Colorado
Tiffany is an unincorporated community on the Southern Ute Indian Reservation in La Plata County, Colorado, United States. Tiffany is  part of the Durango, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area. The Ignacio, Colorado, post office (ZIP Code 81137) now serves Tiffany.

Southern Ute Indian Reservation
The Southern Ute Indian Reservation (Ute dialect: Kapuuta-wa Moghwachi Núuchi-u) is an Indian reservation in southwestern Colorado, United States, near the northern New Mexico state line. Its territory consists of land from three counties; in descending order of surface area they are La Plata, Archuleta, and Montezuma Counties. The reservation has a land area of 1,058.785 sq mi (2,742.24 km²). Its largest communities are Ignacio and Arboles.
The only other community that is recognized as a separate place by the Census Bureau is the CDP of Southern Ute, which lies just southeast of Ignacio.
The Mask (franchise)
The Mask is an American media franchise based on the comic book series of the same name by Dark Horse Comics. It revolves around a mask that gives various individuals cartoonish and god-like superpowers. The individuals are ultimately faced with the challenge of overcoming the obstacles and conflicts they create while wearing it.

The first film, The Mask, was released in 1994, with a stand-alone sequel, Son of the Mask, released in 2005. An animated series was also produced and ran for three seasons. The first film was widely successful, while the second film was critically panned and a box-office failure.

The Mask (comics)
The Mask is an American comedy horror comic book series created by Mike Richardson, developed by Doug Mahnke and John Arcudi, and published by Dark Horse Comics. Its artists include Mark Badger, Chris Warner and Keith Williams. The series tells the story of a supernatural mask that grants its wearers nearly limitless power, often at the cost of their sanity.

The original trilogy of The Mask, The Mask Returns, and The Mask Strikes Back was published as a limited series, from 1991 to 1995, and has since expanded into various spin-offs and other media, including Itty Bitty Mask and the 2019 main series revival I Pledge Allegiance to the Mask!. The series is known for its dark tone and graphic violence.
Brulette
Brulette (1928 – December 1950) was a French-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. After winning one minor race as a juvenile she emerged as a top-class middle-distance horse in the following year, winning the Prix Penelope and the Epsom Oaks as well as finishing second in the Prix Vermeille and fourth in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. When campaigned over longer distances in 1932 she won the Prix du Cadran in France before being transferred to England where she won the Goodwood Cup and Jockey Club Cup. After failing to reproduce her best form in 1933 she was retired from racing.

Although she had little immediate success as a dam of winners she had a long-term impact through her daughters and was the female-line ancestor of All Along, Vaguely Noble, Diminuendo, Enstone Spark and Casamento.

Diminuendo (horse)
Diminuendo (9 February 1985 – 2010) was an American-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning two classic races, the Epsom Oaks and the Irish Oaks in 1988. She was one of the best two-year-old fillies of 1987, when she won all four of her races including the Cherry Hinton Stakes and Fillies' Mile. In 1988 she was beaten in her first two races, but won her next four, taking the Musidora Stakes, Epsom Oaks, Irish Oaks and Yorkshire Oaks. She finished second when favourite for the St. Leger Stakes and ended her racing career by finishing unplaced in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, but was rated the best three-year-old filly of the season in Europe. She was then retired to stud, where she had some success as a broodmare.
S. D. Subbulakshmi
Srivaikundam Duraisamy Subbulakshmi was an Indian actress and singer who was active in Tamil cinema during the 1930s and 1940s. She was the wife of film director K. Subramanyam. She is credited with having introduced the singer and family friend of hers, M. S. Subbulakshmi to Tamil cinema and mentored her in her early days.

M. S. Subbulakshmi
Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004) was an Indian Carnatic singer. She was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour and also the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award in 1974. She was the first Indian to perform at the United Nations General Assembly in 1966.
The Killing of America
The Killing of America, released in Japan as Violence USA (Japanese: アメリカン・バイオレンス, Hepburn: Amerikan baiorensu; "American violence"), is a 1981 mondo film directed by Sheldon Renan. The film was premiered in New York City in February 1982 and was shown at the 2013 Fantasia Festival.

Mondo film
Mondo film is a subgenre of exploitative documentary films. Many mondo films are pseudo-documentaries and usually depict sensational topics, scenes, or situations. Common traits of mondo films include portrayals of foreign cultures (which have drawn accusations of ethnocentrism or racism), an emphasis on taboo subjects such as death and sex, and staged sequences presented as genuine documentary footage. Over time, the films have placed increasing emphasis on footage of the dead and dying (both real and fake).

The term mondo is Italian for 'world'. The term shockumentary is also used to describe the genre.

Mondo films began to soar in popularity in the 1960s with the releases of Mondo Cane (1962), Women of the World (1963) and Africa Addio (1966). The genre arguably reached its peak with Faces of Death (1978), a film that inspired myriad imitators, such as Banned from Television, Death Scenes, and the Traces of Death  and Faces of Gore series.
Pterion
The pterion is the region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones join. It is located on the side of the skull, just behind the temple. It is also considered to be the weakest part of the skull, which makes it clinically significant, as if there is a fracture around the pterion it could be accompanied by an epidural hematoma.

Temporal bone
The temporal bone is a paired bone situated at the sides and base of the skull, lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides of the head known as the temples where four of the cranial bones fuse. Each temple is covered by a temporal muscle. The temporal bones house the structures of the ears. The lower seven cranial nerves and the major vessels to and from the brain traverse the temporal bone.
Historical Enquiries Team
The Historical Enquiries Team was a unit of the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) set up in September 2005 to investigate the 3,269 unsolved murders committed during the Troubles, specifically between 1968 and 1998. It was wound up in September 2014, when the PSNI restructured following budget cuts.

Police Service of Northern Ireland
The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI; Irish: Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann; Ulster Scots: Polis Service o Norlin Airlan), is the police service responsible for law enforcement and the prevention of crime within Northern Ireland.

It is the successor to the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) after it was reformed and renamed in 2001 on the recommendation of the Patten Report.

The PSNI is the third-largest police service in the United Kingdom in terms of officer numbers (after the Metropolitan Police and Police Scotland) and the second-largest in terms of geographic area of responsibility, after Police Scotland. The PSNI is approximately half the size of Garda Síochána in terms of officer numbers.
1983 Kaoiki earthquake
The 1983 Kaoiki earthquake struck southern Hawaii Island on the morning of November 16, 1983. Measuring Mw  6.7, it was the largest to hit the island since 1975. The epicenter was located 50 km (30 mi) southeast of Hilo with an approximated depth of 12 km (7 mi). The shallow strike-slip earthquake was assigned a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) on the Modified Mercalli scale. 6 people were injured, widespread damage and landslides were reported across the island.

1975 Hawaii earthquake
The 1975 Hawaii earthquake occurred on November 29 with a moment magnitude of 7.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The shock affected several of the Hawaiian Islands and resulted in the deaths of two people and up to 28 injured. Significant damage occurred in the southern part of the Big Island totalling $4–4.1 million, and it also triggered a small brief eruption of Kilauea volcano.

The event generated a large tsunami that was as high as 47 feet (14 m) on Hawaii'i island and was detected in Alaska, California, Japan, Okinawa, Samoa, and on Johnston and Wake Islands.  Significant changes to the shorelines along the southern coast of the Big Island with subsidence of 12 feet (3.7 m) was observed, causing some areas to be permanently submerged.  The source of the event was the Hilina Slump, which was also responsible for the more powerful 1868 Hawaii earthquake and tsunami.
SS-Ehrenring
The SS-Ehrenring (German for "SS honour ring"), unofficially called Totenkopfring ("Death's Head ring" or "skull ring"), was an award of the Schutzstaffel (SS). The ring was not a state decoration but rather a personal gift bestowed by Heinrich Himmler to SS members of distinction. It became a highly sought-after award, one which could not be bought or sold, and counterfeit replicas were produced. The SS Honour Sword and SS Honour Dagger were similar awards.

Totenkopf
Totenkopf (German: [ˈtoːtn̩ˌkɔpf], lit. 'dead person's head') is a German compound word for death's head. The word is often used to denote a figurative, graphic or sculptural symbol, common in Western culture, consisting of the representation of a human skull – usually frontal, more rarely in profile with or without the mandible. In some cases, other human skeletal parts may be added, often including two crossed long bones (femurs) depicted below or behind the skull (when it may be referred to in English as a "skull and crossbones"). The human skull is an internationally used symbol for death, the defiance of death, danger, or the dead, as well as piracy or toxicity.

In English, the term Totenkopf is commonly associated with 19th- and 20th-century German militarism, particularly in Nazi Germany.

The German word for skull, used in medical and other contexts, is Schädel; it lacks all military and other associations.