hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marshall Clagett
Marshall Clagett (January 23, 1916 – October 21, 2005) was an American historian of science who specialized first in medieval science and later in Ancient Egyptian science. John Murdoch described him as "a distinguished medievalist" who was "the last member of a triumvirate [with Henry Guerlac and I. Bernard Cohen, who] … established the history of science as a recognized discipline within American universities."

John E. Murdoch
John Emery Murdoch (May 10, 1927 – September 16, 2010) was an American historian of science. Educated in philosophy at the
University of Wisconsin–Madison, Murdoch spent most of his career at Harvard University. At Harvard, he was Professor of History of Science and Chair of the Department from 1966 to 1971 and 1974 to 1975. He specialized in ancient and medieval medicine and philosophy, and published numerous materials on the topic. Murdoch was awarded the George Sarton Medal in 2009 for his scholarship.
Neville Madziva
Neville Madziva (born 2 August 1991) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. An all-rounder, Madziva is a right-arm medium-fast bowler who can bat in the lower-order.

He was introduced to Zimbabwe cricket team when South Africa toured Zimbabwe in August 2014. He made his One Day International debut at Queens Sports Club in the first of a three-match series. He played one more match in the series in which he took the wicket of Wayne Parnell but failed with the bat.

He returned to the Zimbabwe team in the last match of Tri-Series where he took the wickets of Hashim Amla and JP Duminy. With the bat he scored three runs as Zimbabwe lost the match by 63 runs.

He made his Twenty20 International debut for Zimbabwe against India on 17 July 2015.

In September 2018, he was named in Zimbabwe's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup tournament. In December 2020, he was selected to play for the Rhinos in the 2020–21 Logan Cup.

South African cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2014
The South Africa cricket team toured Zimbabwe from 9 to 21 August 2014, playing one Test match and three One Day International (ODI) matches against the Zimbabwean team. South Africa won the one-off Test match and won the ODI series 3–0, winning all of the matches by comfortable margins.
2009–10 FC Basel season
FC Basel began their 2009–10 season with various warm-up matches against Swiss lower league, Ukrainian Vyscha Liha, and Super League Greece clubs. The club's aim for their first team during the 2009–10 season were to win back the league championship and to win the cup title. It was also their aim qualify for the UEFA Europa League group stage.

Samuel Inkoom
Samuel Inkoom (born 1 June 1989) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who plays as a defender. Between 2008 and 2014, he made 44 appearances scoring 1 goal for the Ghana national team. He has played in teams based in 9 different countries, namely Switzerland, Ukraine, France, Greece, United States of America, Portugal, Turkey, Bulgaria and latest in Georgia.
Abdul Khaliq Sambhali
Abdul Khaliq Sambhali (4 January 1950 – 30 July 2021) was an Indian Muslim scholar and writer who served as the vice-rector of Darul Uloom Deoband. He was an alumnus of the Deoband seminary and had studied with scholars including Mahmood Hasan Gangohi, Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi and Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad. He translated Abdul Majeed al-Zindani's Al-Tawḥīd into Urdu and gave religious discourses criticizing the Maududism.

Mahmood Hasan Gangohi
Mahmood Hasan Gangohi (July 1907 – 2 September 1996) was an Indian mufti, Islamic scholar and former Head Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband and Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur. 
He was the most senior disciple of Zakariyya Kandhlawi.

Among his notable disciples are Abul Qasim Nomani, Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi, Ebrahim Desai, Ahmed Khanpuri and Muhammad Yusuf Taulawi.
Mr. Death (band)
Mr. Death is a death metal band that was formed in Stockholm, Sweden in 2007. The band features members from Treblinka, Tiamat and Expulsion who all felt that it was time to return to their roots after being away from the genre for up to twenty years.

Up until 2011, they have released two full-length albums, one EP and one single.

Tiamat (band)
Tiamat is a Swedish metal band founded near Stockholm in 1990 and led by Johan Edlund. To date they have released ten studio albums. The band went through a number of stylistic changes in their earlier releases before settling on gothic metal. Under Edlund's leadership, the band would modify their style with influences ranging from Black Sabbath, Mercyful Fate, Candlemass, Pink Floyd and King Crimson combined with Sumerian lyrical themes. H. P. Lovecraft's writings also appear to have influenced Tiamat's thematology, a development consistent with a broader trend in death metal culture.
Princess Ludovika of Bavaria
Princess Ludovika of Bavaria (Maria Ludovika Wilhelmine; 30 August 1808 – 25 January 1892) was the fifth child of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife Queen Caroline. She was the mother of Empress Elisabeth of Austria and was born and died in Munich.

Caroline of Baden
Caroline of Baden (German: Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine von Baden; 13 July 1776 – 13 November 1841) was by marriage an Electress of Bavaria and later the first Queen consort of Bavaria by marriage to Maximilian I Joseph.
1973 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1973 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1973 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 10–0–1 record, including the 1974 Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, where they won, 42–21, against the USC Trojans. The Ohio State Buckeyes were named national champion by the National Championship Foundation, Poling System, David Rothman (statistician) and the Sagarin Ratings, but this championship is not claimed by Ohio State.

1973 USC Trojans football team
The 1973 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) as a member of the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8) during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. Led by 14th-year head coach John McKay, the Trojans compiled an overall record of 9–2–1 with a mark of 7–0 in conference play, winning the Pac-8 title for the second consecutive season. USC earned a berth in the Rose Bowl, where the Trojans lost to Ohio State. The team played home games at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles.
Mayurbhatta
Mayūrabhaṭṭa (Sanskrit: मयूरभट्ट) was a 7th-century Sanskrit poet and Hindu scholar, who is noted for having composed the Sūryaśataka. He was the brother-in-law of Bāṇabhaṭṭa, the court poet of Emperor Harsha.

Bāṇabhaṭṭa
Bāṇabhaṭṭa (Sanskrit: बाणभट्ट) was a 7th-century Sanskrit prose writer and poet from India. He was the court poet of Emperor Harsha, during his reign at Kanyakubja. Bāna's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and the novel Kadambari. Bāṇa died before finishing the novel and it was completed by his son Bhūṣaṇabhaṭṭa. Both these works are noted texts of Sanskrit literature. The other works attributed to him are the Caṇḍikāśataka and a drama, the Pārvatīpariṇaya. Banabhatta gets an applause as "Banochhistam Jagatsarvam" meaning Bana has described everything in this world and nothing is left.
2014–15 Greenock Morton F.C. season
Season 2014–15 saw Greenock Morton compete in the Scottish League One the third tier of Scottish football, having finished bottom of the Scottish Championship in 2013-14. Morton will also compete in the Challenge Cup, Scottish League Cup and the Scottish Cup.

Morton won the championship on the final day of the regular season, on 2 May 2015, with a 3–1 victory over Peterhead.

Reece Hands
Reece Hands (born 6 October 1993) is an English retired professional footballer who last played as a defender for USL League Two side Cincinnati Dutch Lions.

In his career he also played senior football in the UK as a midfielder for National League North side Gainsborough Trinity and Scottish Championship side Greenock Morton.
Qualea cordata
Qualea cordata is a species of flowering plant in the family Vochysiaceae. It is a shrub or tree native to eastern, central, and southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and Misiones Province of northeastern Argentina. Five varieties are accepted. Var. dichotoma is known as jacaré and is popular street and garden tree in Brazil.

Qualea cordata var. dichotoma
Qualea cordata var. dichotoma (synonym Qualea dichotoma), also known as jacaré, is a deciduous tree indigenous to central and eastern Brazil. It is a common ornamental plant, used in landscaping, street planting, and gardens.
Penticton Vees (WHL)
The Penticton Vees are a Junior ice hockey franchise that debuted in the Western Hockey League (WHL) in the 2025–26 WHL season as an expansion team. The team plays its home games in the South Okanagan Events Centre in Penticton as part of the B.C. Division of the Western Conference.

2025–26 WHL season
The 2025–26 WHL season is the 60th season of the Western Hockey League (WHL). The regular season began on September 19, 2025. The Penticton Vees joined as the league's newest franchise, its 23rd, and were placed in the B.C. division of the Western Conference.

The team that wins the championship will win the Ed Chynoweth Cup and represent the WHL at the 2026 Memorial Cup, hosted by the Kelowna Rockets of the WHL. The tournament will be held at Prospera Place in Kelowna, British Columbia.
2024 Indonesia Futsal Super Cup
The 2024 Indonesia Futsal Super Cup (also known as the 2024–25 3Second Indonesia Futsal Super Cup for sponsorship reasons) will be the 1th edition of the Indonesia Futsal Super Cup, held by the Indonesia Futsal Federation as a pre-season tournament for the 2024–25 Indonesia Pro Futsal League. It takes place in Sukoharjo, Central Java from 13 to 15 December 2024. The matches are played at GOR Bung Karno. It is contested annually between the top eight teams in the league table in 2023–24 season.

2023–24 Indonesia Pro Futsal League
The 2023–24 Indonesia Pro Futsal League, is the 16th season of the Indonesia Pro Futsal League competition held by the Indonesia Futsal Federation, as well as the eighth season of futsal competition under the name Professional Futsal League. The season started on 18 November 2023. It scheduled to end on 4 August 2024.

Bintang Timur Surabaya are the defending champions. A total of 12 Indonesian futsal clubs will compete for the championship of this competition, with two clubs coming as the 2022–23 Nusantara Futsal League finalists, Moncongbulo and Kinantan.
Loch of Harray
The Loch of Harray is the largest loch of Mainland Orkney, Scotland and is named for the parish of Harray. It lies immediately north of the Loch of Stenness and is close  to the World Heritage neolithic sites of the Stones of Stenness and Ring of Brodgar. In Old Norse its name was Heraðvatn.

Ring of Brodgar
The Ring of Brodgar (or Brogar, or Ring o' Brodgar) is a Neolithic henge and stone circle about 6 miles north-east of Stromness on Mainland, the largest island in Orkney, Scotland. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Heart of Neolithic Orkney.
2021 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 2021 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by third-year head coach Ryan Day, and played their home games at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. It was the Buckeyes' 132nd season overall and 109th as a member of the Big Ten Conference.

This was the first time since 2018 that Ohio State did not reach  the College Football Playoff after two losing games against Oregon and Michigan and the first time since 2016 that Ohio State did not reach the Big Ten Championship Game.

The Buckeyes were invited to compete at the Rose Bowl, where they defeated Utah by a score of 48–45.

Ryan Day
Ryan Patrick Day (born March 12, 1979) is an American football coach and former college football player. He is the 24th and current head football coach at Ohio State University, a position he has held since 2019. Day was also the acting head coach for the Ohio State Buckeyes for the first three games of the 2018 season. He attended the University of New Hampshire in Durham, where he was a quarterback and linebacker for the Wildcats from 1998 to 2001 before beginning his coaching career in 2002.
Joe Benoit
Joseph Benoit (February 27, 1916 – October 19, 1981) was a Canadian ice hockey right winger. He played in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens from 1940 to 1946. He missed the 1943–44 season while serving with the Canadian Forces in the Second World War, and the 1944–45 season playing for the Calgary Army team.

1943–44 NHL season
The 1943–44 NHL season was the 27th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams played 50 games each. The Montreal Canadiens were the top team of the regular season and followed it up with the team's fifth Stanley Cup championship.
F-test of equality of variances
In statistics, an F-test of equality of variances is a test for the null hypothesis that two normal populations have the same variance. 
Notionally, any F-test can be regarded as a comparison of two variances, but the specific case being discussed in this article is that of two populations, where the test statistic used is the ratio of two sample variances. This particular situation is of importance in mathematical statistics since it provides a basic exemplar case in which the F-distribution can be derived.  For application in applied statistics, there is concern that the test is so sensitive to the assumption of normality that it would be inadvisable to use it as a routine test for the equality of variances. In other words, this is a case where "approximate normality" (which in similar contexts would often be justified using the central limit theorem), is not good enough to make the test procedure approximately valid to an acceptable degree.

F-test
An F-test is a statistical test that compares variances. It is used to determine if the variances of two samples, or if the ratios of variances among multiple samples, are significantly different. The test calculates a statistic, represented by the random variable F, and checks if it follows an F-distribution. This check is valid if the null hypothesis is true and standard assumptions about the errors (ε) in the data hold.

F-tests are frequently used to compare different statistical models and find the one that best describes the population the data came from. When models are created using the least squares method, the resulting F-tests are often called "exact" F-tests. The F-statistic was developed by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s as the variance ratio and was later named in his honor by George W. Snedecor.
Kernot railway station
Kernot was a railway station in Victoria, Australia, built on the Wonthaggi railway line. Not long after the line opened the station was equipped with a 10,000-gallon tank and crane, and was located within walking distance of the Kernot General Store which closed at the same time as the line did in 1978.

Wonthaggi railway line
The Wonthaggi railway line is a closed railway line located in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Its primary purpose was to serve the State Coal Mine but the line also provided passenger and general goods services. The line was opened in 1910 and closed in 1978.
Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz
Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz (27 December 1796 – 2 August 1877) was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall. He was born at Eisenach and joined the army of Prussia during the War of Liberation. Over the Seven Weeks' War he led the V Corps against Austria and became known as the Lion of Nachod for his victories as the Battles of Nachod, Skalitz, and Schweinschädel. Steinmetz commanded one of three armies assembled on the Rhine for the Franco-Prussian War, during which he quarreled with Prince Friedrich Karl. After the war he retired.

Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (1828–1885)
Prince Friedrich Karl Nikolaus of Prussia (20 March 1828 – 15 June 1885) was the son of Prince Charles of Prussia and Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. He was the grandson of King Frederick William III of Prussia and nephew of Frederick William IV and William I. Friedrich Karl is highly regarded as a military commander.

As a military commander, the Prince had a major influence on the Royal Prussian Army's advances in training and tactics in the 1850s and 1860s. He commanded one of the armies which defeated the Austrian army at the Battle of Königgrätz in 1866 and the French Army of the Rhine at the Battle of Mars-la-Tour, overseeing the defeat of the Army of the Rhine at the Siege of Metz in 1870.
2014–15 Brentford F.C. season
The 2014–15 season was the 125th season of competitive association football and 95th season in the English Football League played by Brentford, an English football club based in Brentford in the London Borough of Hounslow. Their second-place finish in the 2013–14 season guaranteed promotion to the Championship from League One. The season covers the period from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015.

Alfie Mawson
Alfie Robert John Mawson (born 19 January 1994) is an English former professional footballer who played as a centre back.

He started his senior career with Brentford from the youth ranks but spent his entire time on loan with four clubs, including three loan spells with Maidenhead United and winning the League Two Player of the Year award with Wycombe Wanderers in 2015. He was transferred to Barnsley after failing to record a League appearance with Brentford, and made 49 appearances during the one season there, helping the former to win promotion to the Championship. He signed for Premier League club Swansea City in 2016, and his second season there he featured in every Premier League match of the campaign but could not prevent the team from relegation.

Mawson made six appearances for the England under-21 team and was called up for the England squad in March 2018 but did not play in the two friendlies.
Luke Jongwe
Luke Mafuwa Jongwe (born 6 February 1995) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. He is a right-handed batter and right-arm medium pace bowler.

Jongwe was selected for three ODIs against South Africa when the latter team visited Zimbabwe in August 2014. He made his One Day International debut at Harare Sports Club against South Africa on 17 August 2014, where he bowled six overs and gave away 45 runs without taking a wicket and then scored 19 runs in a losing cause. He made his Twenty20 International debut against Pakistan on 27 September 2015.

In December 2020, Jongwe was selected to play for the Tuskers in the 2020–21 Logan Cup. In April 2021, Jongwe was named in Zimbabwe's squad for their Twenty20 International (T20I) series against Pakistan, more than five years since his last international match. On 26 April 2021, Jongwe was named in Zimbabwe's Test squad, also for the series against Pakistan. He made his Test debut for Zimbabwe, against Pakistan, on 7 May 2021.

South African cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2014
The South Africa cricket team toured Zimbabwe from 9 to 21 August 2014, playing one Test match and three One Day International (ODI) matches against the Zimbabwean team. South Africa won the one-off Test match and won the ODI series 3–0, winning all of the matches by comfortable margins.
UBA protein domain
Ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains are protein domains that non-covalently interact with ubiquitin through protein-protein interactions. Ubiquitin is a small protein that is covalently linked to other proteins as part of intracellular signaling pathways, often as a signal for protein degradation. UBA domains are among the most common ubiquitin-binding domains.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Ohio State Route 364
State Route 364 (SR 364) is a north–south state route in Ohio. It starts from SR 705 near Yorkshire. The route moves north across several counties, then northeast against the side of the Grand Lake. SR 364 then travels west along a concurrency with SR 703, and ends at SR 29 near St. Marys. The route was designated in 1934, from SR 219 to SR 29. It was extended southwards to SR 705 in 1936 and completely paved by 1940. SR 364 was also extended in 1973 to the new alignment of SR 29.

Ohio State Route 219
State Route 219 (SR 219) is an east–west state highway in the western portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  State Route 219's western terminus is at the Indiana State Line approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 km) northwest of Fort Recovery, with the roadway continuing west into the Hoosier State being County Road 300N.  The eastern terminus of State Route 219 is at a diamond interchange with Interstate 75 at its Exit 104 in Botkins.
Ap Applewhite
Austin "Ap" Applewhite was a college football player for University of Mississippi, captain of the 1927 team, and selected All-Southern. Applewhite played for coach Homer Hazel's teams as a tackle in 1925 and 1926, and an end in 1927. When Ole Miss won the Egg Bowl in 1927, Applewhite was presented the trophy and carried by students off the field. The 1927 team was nicknamed the "Mighty Mississippians".

Applewhite played with the Clarence Saunders Tigers.

Applewhite was also a boxer, notably once defeating Soldier Coleman in four rounds.

1926 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1926 Ole Miss Rebels football team was an American football team that represented the University of Mississippi in the Southern Conference during the 1926 college football season. In its second season under head coach Homer Hazel, the team compiled a 5–4 record (2–2 against conference opponents).  The team played its home games at Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi

The team beat Florida and rival Mississippi A&M. Ap Applewhite and Thad Vann were on the team.
2000 NFL season
The 2000 NFL season was the 81st regular season of the National Football League (NFL). The season ended with Super Bowl XXXV when the Baltimore Ravens defeated the New York Giants, 34–7, at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida.

Week 1 of the season reverted to Labor Day weekend in 2000. It would be the last NFL season to date to start on Labor Day weekend. It would also be the last time until 2015 that CBS televised the late afternoon games in Week 1, because both Week 1 of the NFL season and CBS's coverage of the U.S. Open tennis finals would take place on the same day beginning next season.

2000 New York Giants season
The 2000 season was the New York Giants' 76th in the National Football League (NFL) and the fourth under head coach Jim Fassel.

The season marked the Giants' "NY" helmet logo returning again for the first full season since 1975. The team finished with a record of 12–4, clinching their first winning season, playoff berth, and division title since 1997. In the playoffs, they defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in the divisional round 20–10, then shut out the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Championship game 41–0, making it to Super Bowl XXXV. However, the Giants were handily beaten by the Baltimore Ravens 34–7.