hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Free-market environmentalism
Free-market environmentalism is a type of environmentalism that argues that the free market, property rights, and tort law provide the best means of preserving the environment, internalizing pollution costs, and conserving resources. Free-market environmentalists therefore argue that the best way to protect the environment is to clarify and protect property rights. This allows parties to negotiate improvements in environmental quality.  It also allows them to use torts to stop environmental harm. If affected parties can compel polluters to compensate them they will reduce or eliminate the externality.

Market proponents advocate changes to the legal system that empower affected parties to obtain such compensation. They further claim that governments have limited affected parties' ability to do so by complicating the tort system to benefit producers over others.

Right to property
The right to property, or the right to own property (cf. ownership), is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their private property. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is credited as a significant precedent for the legal protection of individual property rights.

A right to property is specified in Article 17 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is not recognised in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or in the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The 1950 European Convention on Human Rights acknowledges a right for a natural or legal person to "peaceful enjoyment of his possessions", subject to the "general interest or to secure the payment of taxes."
Carabayllo District
Carabayllo (Spanish pronunciation: [kaɾaβaˈiʝo]) is one of the 43 districts of the province Lima in Peru. It is located in the Cono Norte area of the province and was created district by General José de San Martín in August 4, 1821 at which time it was the only district to occupy the area north of the Rímac River up to the province Canta.

Canta province
Canta is a province of the department of Lima, Peru. From the administrative point of view of the Catholic Church in Peru, it forms part of the Diocese of Huacho. It is located approximately 105 kilometres (65 mi) to the northeast of the capital, Lima.
Cultural Triangle Yaxha-Nakum-Naranjo National Park
The Cultural Triangle Yaxha-Nakum-Naranjo National Park (Triángulo Cultural in Spanish) is a multidisciplinary project involving archaeologists, architects, restaurateurs, and biologists. It is situated in Petén, Guatemala. The project does not only work in one archaeological site, but in a region of 1,200 square kilometres (460 mi2) including three gigantic sites and 14 sub-centers – the most populated area of the Classic period of the Maya civilization.

Petén Department
Petén (from the Itz'a, Noj Petén, 'Great Island') is a department of Guatemala. It is geographically the northernmost department of Guatemala, as well as the largest by area –  at 35,854 km2 (13,843 sq mi) it accounts for about one third of Guatemala's area. The capital is Flores. The population at the mid-2018 official estimate was 595,548.
Mukta Gupta
Mukta Gupta (born 28 June 1961) is a former judge of the Delhi High Court in India, and a former public prosecutor for the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. As a public prosecutor, she prosecuted a number of notable cases, including those relating to the 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament, and the 2000 terrorist attack on Red Fort in Delhi, as well as the murders of Jessica Lal and Naina Sahni.

Murder of Naina Sahni
Naina Sahni was the victim of the 1995 tandoor murder case. On 2 July 1995, 29-year-old Sahni was killed by her husband Sushil Sharma, an Indian National Congress youth leader. Sushil Sharma was convicted for the murder by the Trial Court, Delhi High Court and Supreme Court. In October 2013, Sharma's death penalty was commuted to life imprisonment by the Supreme Court.
Consoranni
The Consoranni or Consuarani were an Aquitani tribe living in the Pyrenees during the Roman period. Their territory was located on the eastern edge of Gallia Aquitania, between the valleys of the Salat and the Lez and the Arize massif. Their chief settlement was located in the Salat valley, at either Saint-Girons or Saint-Lizier, controlling access to the upper Couserans.

They came under Roman control in the late 2nd or early 1st century BC. Their administrative status under Roman rule remains debated: they may have been incorporated into the civitas of the Convenae as a pagus, or formed an independent civitas already under Augustus. A civitas Consorannorum is first securely attested in late antiquity, in the Notitia Galliarum.

Gallia Aquitania
Gallia Aquitania (/ˈɡæliə ˌækwɪˈteɪniə/, Latin: [ˈɡalːi.a akᶣiːˈtaːni.a]), also known as Aquitaine or Aquitaine Gaul, was a province of the Roman Empire. It lies in present-day southwest France and the comarca of Val d'Aran in northeast Spain, where it gives its name to the modern region of Aquitaine. It was bordered by the provinces of Gallia Lugdunensis, Gallia Narbonensis, and Hispania Tarraconensis.
Ahmed Elmi Osman
His Excellency Ahmed Elmi Osman 'Karash', better known as Ahmed Karaash  (Somali: Axmed Cilmi Cismaan "Karaash", Arabic: أحمد علمي عثمان كراش) is a Puntland politician who served Vice President of Puntland from 8 January 2019 to 8 January 2024. Karaash served Ministry of Civil Aviation and Airport Authority twice, after confronting Puntland president Abdirahman Farole he defecting to Sool region he formed Khatumo State and later dissolved and backed to Puntland Government where he served Ministry of Interior, Federal Affairs and Democratization.

He belongs to the Naleye Ahmed sub-clan of the Mohamoud Garad branch of the Dhulbahante, Harti larger Darod tribe.

Vice President of Puntland
The vice president of Puntland (VPOP) serves as the secondary head of the Government of Puntland after the President of Puntland. The office was established following the formation of Puntland on 1 August 1998, and is held by five officials, and two interim vice presidents, elected by the Parliament of Puntland. The first vice president was Mohamed Abdi Hashi. Following the 2024 Vice Presidential Election, Ilyas Osman Lugator was elected in January 2024.
Channel 5 virtual TV stations in Canada
The following television stations operate on virtual channel 5 in Canada:

CBLT-DT in Toronto, Ontario

CBXT-DT in Edmonton, Alberta

CHAU-DT in Carleton, Quebec

CHAU-DT-2 in Saint-Quentin, New Brunswick

CHKL-DT in Kelowna, British Columbia

CIMT-DT-5 in Saint-Urbain, Quebec

CJCH-DT in Halifax, Nova Scotia

CKAL-DT in Calgary, Alberta

CKRT-DT-4 in Cabano, Quebec

CKRT-DT-6 in Trois-Pistoles, Quebec

CHAU-DT
CHAU-DT (channel 5) is a television station in Carleton-sur-Mer, Quebec, Canada, affiliated with the French-language network TVA. Owned by Télé Inter-Rives, the station maintains studios on Boulevard Perron/Route 132 in Carleton-sur-Mer, with transmitter near Rue de la Montagne.
Alice Leahy
Alice Leahy is a social activist and writer from Fethard, County Tipperary. She is the founder and Director of Services of the Alice Leahy Trust (formerly known as TRUST), an organisation providing supportive services for people who are homeless. A former nurse-midwife, she was appointed to the Irish Human Rights Commission in 2006, was a Chairperson of the Sentence Review Commission, has lectured and has written several books.

Fethard, County Tipperary
Fethard (/ˈfɛθərd/; Irish: Fiodh Ard, meaning 'high wood') is a small town in County Tipperary, Ireland. Dating to the Norman invasion of Ireland, the town's walls were first laid-out in the 13th century, with some sections of these defensive fortifications surviving today.

Fethard is located 16 km (9.9 mi) east of Cashel on the Clashawley River where the R692, R689 and R706 regional roads intersect. It is a civil parish in the barony of Middle Third and in the ecclesiastical parish of "Fethard and Killusty" in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly. As of 2022, the town's population was 1,738.
Prince Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht of Prussia
Prince Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht, Prince of Prussia (German: Wilhelm Ernst Alexander Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht Prinz von Preußen; 15 April 1874 in Hanover – 13 November 1940 in Seidenberg) was a Prussian officer, member of the house of Hohenzollern, and a great-grandson of Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia. He was persecuted for being homosexual.

Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia
Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Karl Ernst Alexander Heinrich Prinz von Preußen; 12 July 1880 – 9 March 1925) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern, great-grandson of King Frederick William III of Prussia.
2007 Danish Cup final
The 2007 Danish Cup final were the final and deciding match of the 2006–07 Danish Cup. It took place on Thursday 17 May 2007 at Parken Stadium in Copenhagen. The contesting teams were the 2006–07 Danish Superliga leaders, F.C. Copenhagen, and the current no. 2 in the league, Odense Boldklub.

F.C. Copenhagen have won the Cup on three previous occasions (1995, 1997 and 2004). OB have won the Cup four times, in 1983, 1991, 1993 and in 2002 where they beat FCK in the final.

2006–07 Danish Cup
The 2006–07 Danish Cup was the 53rd season of the Danish Cup. The tournament was won by Odense Boldklub who defeated F.C. Copenhagen on 17 May 2007 in Parken Stadium. It was OB's fifth title of the tournament.

The winner qualified for UEFA Cup qualification.
Kataonami stable
Kataonami stable (片男波部屋, Kataonami-beya) is a stable of sumo wrestlers, part of the Nishonoseki ichimon or group of stables. It was founded in 1961 by former sekiwake Tamanoumi Daitarō, who branched off from Nishonoseki stable. Former sekiwake Tamanofuji took over the running of the stable upon Tamanoumi's death in 1987. In February 2010 he passed control over to another former sekiwake, Tamakasuga, remaining in the stable under the elder name Tateyama. As of January 2023 it had four active wrestlers. The March 2023 tournament saw the first promotion to the jūryō division for the stable since the former Tamakasuga took over as head coach, with Tamashōhō becoming its first new sekitori since Tamawashi in January 2008.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
Irving C. Tomlinson
Rev. Irving Clinton Tomlinson (March 22, 1860 – October 1, 1944) was an American Universalist minister who converted to Christian Science, becoming a practitioner and teacher. For a time, he lived as one of the workers in the household of church founder, Mary Baker Eddy, later writing a book about his experiences called Twelve Years with Mary Baker Eddy.

Christian Science practitioner
A Christian Science practitioner is an individual who prays for others according to the teachings of Christian Science. Treatment is non-medical, rather it is based on the Bible and the Christian Science textbook, Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures (1875) by Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910), who said she discovered Christian Science in 1866 and founded the Christian Science church in 1879. According to the church, Christian Science practitioners address physical conditions, as well as relationship or financial difficulties and any other problem or crisis.

Practitioners are either "listed" or "unlisted," a designation that refers to a form of international accreditation maintained by The Mother Church, in Boston, Massachusetts. "Listed" practitioners are included in the directory of Christian Science practitioners on the church website, and printed in the Christian Science Journal.
Amar Singh I
Maharana Amar Singh I the Sisodia-Rajput ruler of the Mewar Kingdom (16 March 1559 – 26 January 1620), was the eldest son and successor of Maharana Pratap I. He was the 14th Rana of Mewar, ruling from 19 January 1597 until his death on 26 January 1620.

Mewar
Mewar, also spelled as Mewad, is a historical region located in the south-eastern part of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It includes the present-day districts of Udaipur, Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh and Pratapgarh in Rajasthan. The language of this region is known as Mewari, one of the dialects of the Rajasthani language spoken as a lingua franca by the different ethnic groups assembled altogether in one identity called the Mewaris.
Trần Tử Bình
Trần Tử Bình (1907–1967) was a Vietnamese revolutionary who later became one of the first generals of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1948) and Vietnam's Ambassador to People's Republic of China (1959–1967).

Trần Tử Bình was originally named Phạm Văn Phu. Later, during revolutionary time he changed his name into Trần Tử Bình (a name which means "man who can die for peace"). He is most famous for being a leader of Phú Riềng Đỏ labor movement in 1930 and one of the most prominent diplomats of Vietnam, who worked as the Ambassador of Vietnam to China during period 1959–67.

Honours and Awards

Gold Star

Ho Chi Minh Order

Gold Star Order
Gold Star Order (Vietnamese: Huân chương Sao vàng) is the highest decoration in Vietnam awards and decorations awarded by the Government of Vietnam for a military or civil "personnel who completed exceptional service or organization established excellent achievement for the revolutionary cause of the Party and Nation." The order was established on June 6, 1947, following the decree No. 58/SL by the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, its design was modified by the Law of Emulation and Reward promulgated on November 26, 2003.
Aistulf
Aistulf (also Ahistulf, Haistulfus, Astolf etc.; Latin: Aistulfus, Italian: Astolfo; died December 756) was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of the Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His reign was characterized by ruthless and ambitious efforts to conquer Roman territory to the extent that in the Liber Pontificalis, he is described as a "shameless" Lombard given to "pernicious savagery" and cruelty.

Duchy of Spoleto
42°44′N 12°44′E﻿ / ﻿42.733°N 12.733°E﻿ / 42.733; 12.733

The Duchy of Spoleto (Latin: Ducatus Spolitanorum) was a Lombard territory founded about 570 in central Italy by the Lombard dux Faroald. Its capital was the city of Spoleto.
Solid ink
Solid ink (also known as hot melt ink) is a type of ink used in printing. Solid ink is a waxy, resin-based polymer that must be melted prior to usage, unlike conventional liquid inks. The technology is used most often in graphics and large-format printing environments where color vividness and cost efficiency are important.

Ink
Ink is a gel, sol, or solution that contains at least one colorant, such as a dye or pigment, and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing or writing with a pen, brush, reed pen, or quill. Thicker inks, in paste form, are used extensively in letterpress and lithographic printing.

Ink can be a complex medium, composed of solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants, particulate matter, fluorescents, and other materials. The components of inks serve multiple purposes; the ink's carrier, colorants, and other additives affect the flow and thickness of the ink and its dry appearance.
Rustamhodza Rahimov
Rustamhodza "Rustam" Rahimov (born February 16, 1975, in Dushanbe) is a German former boxer of Tajikistanii origin. He won a bronze medal in the flyweight semi-finals at the 2004 Summer Olympics, where he was defeated by Cuba's Yuriorkis Gamboa Toledano.

Boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Flyweight
The flyweight boxing competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, was held from 17 to 28 August at the Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall. The event was open to boxers weighing between 49 and 51 kilograms.
Pleocoma tularensis
Pleocoma tularensis is a species of rain beetle in the family Pleocomidae. It is found in North America. This species has one of the most largest ranges in Pleocoma and is found across central and southern Sierra Nevada.

Rain beetle
The rain beetles are a group of beetles whose extant species are found only in the far west of North America. They spend most of their lives underground, emerging in response to rain or snow, thus the common name. Formerly classified in the Scarabaeidae (and later the Geotrupidae), they are currently assigned to their own family Pleocomidae, considered the sister group to all the remaining families of Scarabaeoidea. The family contains a single extant genus, Pleocoma, and two extinct genera, Cretocoma, described in 2002 from Late Cretaceous deposits in Mongolia, and Proteroscarabeus of Late Cretaceous China.
Sebastien Pillay
Sebastien Pillay (born 26 January 1978) is a Seychellois politician who is the Vice President of Seychelles. He has served as Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly since 28 October 2020 and was elected as Vice President of Seychelles as the Running Mate of Patrick Herminie in October 2025.

Leader of the Opposition (Seychelles)
Leader of the Opposition is a constitutionally sanctioned office in Seychelles.

The Leader of the Opposition is elected by members of the National Assembly who are members of others parties than the one which nominated the incumbent President of Seychelles.

The position was created in 1993 as part of the transition to multiparty politics.
St George Ashe
St. George Ashe, D.D. (3 March 1657 – 27 February 1718) was an Irish mathematician who served as the 15th Provost of Trinity College Dublin from 1692 to 1695. In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, he served as Church of Ireland Bishop of Cloyne, Clogher and Derry, in succession. From 1685 to 1692, he was the Donegall Lecturer in Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin. He is remembered now chiefly for his alleged role in performing a secret marriage between Jonathan Swift and Esther Johnson (Stella).

Bishop of Cloyne
The Bishop of Cloyne is an episcopal title that takes its name after the small town of Cloyne in County Cork, Ireland. In the Roman Catholic Church, it is a separate title; but, in the Church of Ireland, it has been united with other bishoprics.
Omar Mohamed (gymnast)
Omar Mohamed Fathy (Arabic: عمرو محمد فتحي, born 10 February 1999) is an Egyptian artistic gymnast. He is a four-time African all-around champion (2018, 2021, 2023, 2024), and he competed at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics.

2023 African Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2023 African Artistic Gymnastics Championships was the 17th iteration of the event. It took place on 26–27 May in Pretoria, South Africa. The competition served as qualification for the 2023 World Championships.
Ithaa
Ithaa (Dhivehi: އިތާ, meaning "mother of pearl") is an undersea restaurant located 5 metres (16 ft) below sea level at the Conrad Maldives Rangali Island in Alif Dhaal Atoll in the Republic of Maldives.

Alif Dhaalu Atoll
Alifu Dhaalu Atoll (also known as Southern Ari Atoll or Ari Atholhu Dhekunuburi) is an administrative division of the Maldives.

The separation of Ari Atoll (formerly Alifu Atoll) on March 1, 1984, into a Northern and a Southern section formed the two most recent administrative divisions of the Maldives, namely Alifu Alifu Atoll  and Alifu Dhaalu Atoll. Alifu Dhaalu Atoll lies south of the line between the channels of Himendhoo Dhekunukandu and Genburugau Kandu.

There is an ancient mosque in Fenfushi island having wooden decorated ceilings and lacquerwork panels.

Buddhist remains, including a stupa, have been found in Ariadhoo Island.

Whale sharks are year-round residents of Alif Dhaal Atoll.
Chowla–Selberg formula
In mathematics, the Chowla–Selberg formula is the evaluation of a certain product of values of the gamma function at rational values in terms of values of the Dedekind eta function at imaginary quadratic irrational numbers. The result was essentially found by Lerch (1897) and rediscovered by Chowla and  Selberg (1949, 1967).

Atle Selberg
Atle Selberg (14 June 1917 – 6 August 2007) was a Norwegian mathematician known for his work in analytic number theory and the theory of automorphic forms, and in particular for bringing them into relation with spectral theory. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1950 and an honorary Abel Prize in 2002.
Andy Murdoch (footballer, born 1995)
Andrew Murdoch (born 30 January 1995) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish League Two club Clyde. Murdoch previously played for Rangers, Cowdenbeath, Queen of the South, Morton and Ayr United.

Greenock Morton F.C.
Greenock Morton Football Club is a Scottish professional football club, which plays in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded as Morton Football Club in 1874, making it one of the oldest Scottish clubs. Morton was renamed Greenock Morton in 1994 to celebrate the links with its home town of Greenock.

Morton won the Scottish Cup in 1922, and achieved its highest league finish in 1916–17, as runners-up to champions Celtic. Morton holds the record for the most promotions to and relegations from the top flight (10 promotions and 10 relegations), but has not competed in the top flight of the Scottish football league system since 1988. In 2014–15, Morton won its tenth league title in all divisions by winning the Scottish League One championship on the final day.
Newington Junction station
Newington Junction is a bus rapid transit station on the CTfastrak line opened in 2015 located off Willard Avenue (Route 173) in the Newington Junction neighborhood of Newington, Connecticut.

A new commuter rail station named Newington, to be located adjacent to the bus station, is also planned as later phase of the CTrail Hartford Line.

The bus station and surrounding neighborhood are named for the NRHP listed Newington Junction Railroad Depot building and freight house, built on the site in the 1890s to replace an 1850s station. Passenger rail service lasted until approximately 1959.  The CTfastrak busway follows the previously rail banked right-of-way for the NY&NE Newington Secondary branch that joined the New Haven–Springfield mainline at the eponymous rail junction.

New York and New England Railroad
The New York and New England Railroad (NY&NE) was a railroad connecting southern New York State with Hartford, Connecticut; Providence, Rhode Island; and Boston, Massachusetts. It operated under that name from 1873 to 1893. Prior to 1873 it was known as the Boston, Hartford and Erie Railroad, which had been formed from several smaller railroads that dated back to 1846. After a bankruptcy in 1893, the NY&NE was reorganized and briefly operated as the New England Railroad before being leased to the competing New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in 1898.

Today, most of the original New York and New England lines have been abandoned. A segment in Massachusetts is now part of the MBTA's Franklin/Foxboro Line providing commuter rail service to South Station in Boston, and another segment near East Hartford and Manchester, Connecticut, is used for freight service on the Connecticut Southern Railroad. Other portions in Connecticut and Rhode Island have been converted to rail trails.