hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Binary decision
A binary decision is a choice between two alternatives, for instance between taking some specific action or not taking it.

Binary decisions are basic to many fields. Examples include:

Truth values in mathematical logic, and the corresponding Boolean data type in computer science, representing a value which may be chosen to be either true or false.

Conditional statements (if-then or if-then-else) in computer science, binary decisions about which piece of code to execute next.

Decision trees and binary decision diagrams, representations for sequences of binary decisions.

Binary choice, a statistical model for the outcome of a binary decision.

Conditional (computer programming)
In computer programming, a conditional statement directs  program control flow based on the value of a condition; a Boolean expression. A conditional expression evaluates to a value without the side-effect of changing control flow.

Many programming languages (such as C) have distinct conditional statements and expressions. In pure functional programming, a conditional expression does not have side-effects, many functional programming languages with conditional expressions (such as Lisp) support side-effects.
Max Reisch
Max Reisch (1912–1985) was an Austrian long-distance traveler, author, researcher and orientalist who in 1933 made the first overland journey by motorcycle to India (from Europe), and who in 1935/1936 was the first to circumnavigate the world by traversing Mainland Southeast Asia in a car.

Circumnavigation
Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.

The first circumnavigation of the Earth was the Magellan Expedition, which sailed from Sanlucar de Barrameda, Spain in 1519 and returned in 1522, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Since the rise of commercial aviation in the mid 20th century, circumnavigating Earth is straightforward, usually taking days instead of years. Today, the challenge of circumnavigating Earth has shifted towards human and technological endurance, speed, and less conventional methods.
Playhouse Theatre (Perth)
The Playhouse Theatre was a theatre in central Perth, Western Australia. It was purpose-built for live theatre in 1956 and remained one of the city's principal venues for performing arts for over half a century until replaced by the State Theatre Centre of Western Australia in January 2011. It was home to the National Theatre Company from its establishment until 1984, and then to its successor, the Western Australian Theatre Company, until its disbandment in 1990.

The theatre was demolished in October 2012 as part of a redevelopment of Cathedral Square.

State Theatre Centre of Western Australia
The State Theatre Centre of Western Australia is a theatre complex located within the Perth Cultural Centre in Perth, Western Australia. The larger of three dedicated performance areas is known as the Heath Ledger Theatre in honour of Perth-born film actor Heath Ledger.
Pseudomedian
In statistics, the pseudomedian is a measure of centrality for data-sets and populations. It agrees with the median for symmetric data-sets or populations. In mathematical statistics, the pseudomedian is also a location parameter for probability distributions.

Median
The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed by a small proportion of extreme values, and therefore provides a better representation of the center. Median income, for example, may be a better way to describe the center of the income distribution because increases in the largest incomes alone have no effect on the median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics.
Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two equal parts.
Taunus Railway (High Taunus)
The Taunus Railway in the High Taunus (German: Taunusbahn (Hochtaunus)) is a railway route between Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof and Brandoberndorf via Bad Homburg, Usingen and Grävenwiesbach. It was operated from 1993 to 1995 by the Frankfurter Verkehrsverbund (Frankfurt transport association, FVV) as the T-Bahn and subsequently by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (Rhine-Main transport association, RMV) as line 15 (RB 15). It is listed in table 637 of the Deutsche Bahn timetable. The Friedrichsdorf–Brandoberndorf line, which has the infrastructure number of 9374, forms part of the old Friedrichsdorf–Wetzlar line, which was known as the Taunusbahn. The line is owned by the Verkehrsverband Hochtaunus (High Taunus transport association, VHT). The infrastructure is managed by HLB Basis AG on behalf of the VHT.

Hessische Landesbahn
Hessische Landesbahn (Hessian State Railway, HLB) is a regional transport company owned by the German state of Hesse, based in Frankfurt am Main. It provides bus and rail passenger transport services and, to a lesser extent, rail freight services in Hesse and across the state’s borders through its subsidiaries and affiliates.
HMS Lucifer (1913)
HMS Lucifer was a Laforey-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy. The Laforey class (or L class) was a class of destroyers ordered under the Royal Navy's 1912–1913 construction programme, which were armed with three 4-inch (102 mm) guns and four torpedo tubes and were required to reach speeds of 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph). Lucifer was built by the engineering firm Parsons, with the hull subcontracted to Hawthorn Leslie. The ship was launched on 29 December 1913, and was completed in August 1914, just after the start of the First World War.

Lucifer joined the Harwich Force, and took part in the Battle of Heligoland Bight on 28 August 1914 and the Battle of Dogger Bank on 24 January 1915. The destroyer transferred to the Dover Patrol in March 1917 and to the Firth of Forth for convoy duties in February 1918.  Lucifer was sold for scrap in December 1921.

R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company
R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Limited, usually referred to as Hawthorn Leslie, was a shipbuilder and locomotive manufacturer. The company was founded on Tyneside in 1886 and ceased building ships in 1982.
From Dusk Till Dawn (video game)
From Dusk Till Dawn (French: Une nuit en enfer) is a 2001 third-person shooter video game that is based on events that transpire directly after the end of From Dusk till Dawn. Released for Windows, it was distributed by Cryo Interactive.

From Dusk till Dawn
From Dusk till Dawn is a 1996 American crime action-horror film directed by Robert Rodriguez and written by Quentin Tarantino from a concept and story by Robert Kurtzman. Starring Harvey Keitel, George Clooney, Tarantino, Salma Hayek and Juliette Lewis, the plot follows a pair of American criminal brothers (Clooney and Tarantino), who take a family as hostages to cross into Mexico, but ultimately find themselves trapped in a saloon, defending against an even greater threat.

From Dusk till Dawn premiered on January 17, 1996, at the Cinerama Dome theater in Hollywood, Los Angeles, and was released by Miramax Films on January 19 in the United States. It initially received mixed reviews from critics, who described the film as well-made if overly violent. After enjoying financial success at the box office, From Dusk till Dawn has since become a cult film and spawned a media franchise of sequel films, a video game, and other media adaptations.
R. Sreelekha
R. Sreelekha (born 25 December 1960) is an Indian retired police officer in the Indian Police Service (IPS), who was the first woman IPS officer as well as the first woman Director General of Police (DGP) from Kerala. She retired from service as the Director General of Fire and Rescue Services, Civil Defence, and Home Guards. She is the current councillor for the Sasthamangalam ward of the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation.

Sreelekha is also an author and now running a successful YouTube channel- “Sasneham Sreelekha” (With Love, Sreelekha) to share her experiences as a police officer. She has also served as managing director for public sector organisations in Kerala. During her tenure in the CBI, she earned the nickname of 'Raid Sreelekha'.

Thiruvananthapuram Corporation
Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation is the municipal corporation that administrates the city of Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala. The city corporation is spread over 214.86 km2 with 101 wards and a population of 957,730 inhabitants. It includes the Legislative Assembly constituencies of Thiruvananthapuram, Vattiyoorkavu, Nemom, Kazhakkoottam and 4 wards of the Kovalam constituency.
Bernhard Eisel
Bernhard Eisel (born 17 February 1981) is an Austrian former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2001 and 2019 for the Mapei–Quick-Step, Française des Jeux, HTC–Highroad, Team Sky and Team Dimension Data teams. Following his retirement, he worked as an analyst and presenter for Eurosport and the Global Cycling Network (GCN), before joining Bora–Hansgrohe as a directeur sportif in 2022.

Groupama–FDJ
Groupama–FDJ (UCI team code: GFC) is a French cycling team at UCI WorldTeam level. The team is managed by Marc Madiot, a former road bicycle racer and winner of the Paris–Roubaix classic in 1985 and 1991. The team is predominantly French.
Chess World Cup 2019
The Chess World Cup 2019 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament that took place in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, from 9 September to 4 October 2019. It was won by Azerbaijani grandmaster Teimour Radjabov. He and the runner-up, Ding Liren, both qualified for the Candidates Tournament for the World Chess Championship 2021. It was the 8th edition of the Chess World Cup.

Levon Aronian, the winner of the Chess World Cup 2017, advanced to the quarterfinals before being eliminated by Maxime Vachier-Lagrave on tiebreaks. Vachier-Lagrave was eliminated by Radjabov in the semi-finals, but  defeated Yu Yangyi to claim 3rd place.

Chess World Cup 2017
The Chess World Cup 2017 was a 128-player single-elimination chess tournament, held in Tbilisi, Georgia, from 2 to 27 September 2017. It was won by Armenian grandmaster Levon Aronian. This was the second time he had won the Chess World Cup, 12 years after his first win in 2005. It was the 7th edition of the Chess World Cup.

The top two finishers in the tournament, Aronian and Ding Liren, qualified for the Candidates Tournament 2018 for the World Chess Championship 2018.
Ulrich of Sanneck
Ulrich of Sanneck (German: Ulrich von Sanneck, Slovene: Ulrik Žovneški; around 1255 – 1316), Lord of Žovnek (Sanneck, in German), was a free noble (roughly equivalent to a baron) in the March of Savinja in what was then the Holy Roman Empire and is now in Slovenia. During the struggle between Henry, Duke of Carinthia and the Habsburg rulers of Austria and Styria, he sided with the latter. By accepting the Habsburgs as his liege lords, he was instrumental in transferring the lordship over the Savinja region from the Meinhardiner-dominated Carniola to Habsburg Styria. His second marriage with the noblewoman Catherine of Heunburg would enable their son to claim the Heunburg inheritance in Carinthia and in the Savinja Valley, including the strategically important Celje Castle. This union of the Sanneck (Žovnek) and Heunburg (Vovbre) noble houses would give birth to the House of Celje.

Žovnek Castle
Žovnek Castle (Slovene: Žovnek, German: Sanneck) is a castle northeast of Braslovče, Slovenia. It lies above Lake Žovnek. The Lords of Žovnek, later Counts of Celje, were named after the castle. The castle was first mentioned in 1278 as Castrum Sevnekke, and later as Sannegg.
Swagger Jagger
"Swagger Jagger" is the debut single by English singer and rapper Cher Lloyd, taken from her debut studio album Sticks and Stones (2011). It was released as the album's lead single on 31 July 2011 by both Syco and Sony. The song was written by the two production teams The Runners and The Monarch with Lloyd, Autumn Rowe, Marcus Lomax and Clarence Coffee Jr. and is composed to the tune of "Oh My Darling, Clementine". The music video was released on 26 June 2011. It was also used in the movie Identity Thief with Melissa McCarthy.

Despite receiving negative reviews from music critics, the song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, and at number two in Ireland, becoming her biggest hit to date in these countries. It also reached number five in Japan. The Guardian chose the song as the best number one single of 2011, along with the Official Charts listing the track as the 35th biggest song of the summer of 2011 in the UK.

The Monsters & Strangerz
The Monsters & Strangerz are an American production and songwriting team from Miami, Florida. The team features The Monsters: Alexander "Eskeerdo" Izquierdo, Stefan Johnson, and Jordan K. Johnson and The Strangerz: Marcus "Marc Lo" Lomax and Clarence Coffee Jr.

In 2011, The Monsters & Strangerz moved their operation to Los Angeles and have produced and written for artists including Justin Bieber, Maroon 5, Dua Lipa, Chris Brown, Halsey, Zedd, Miley Cyrus, Selena Gomez, Lizzo, Jelly Roll, Jonas Brothers, Rihanna, Teddy Swims, Katy Perry, Jennifer Lopez, Kanye West, Bebe Rexha, and many others.
Actinopodidae
Actinopodidae is a family of mygalomorph spiders found in mainland Australia and South America usually in open forest. Species are most common in Queensland, Australia. It includes mouse spiders (Missulena species), whose bites, though rare, are considered medically significant and potentially dangerous.

Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.
Hydlide
Hydlide is an action role-playing game developed and published by T&E Soft. It was originally released for the NEC PC-6001 and PC-8801 computers in 1984, in Japan only; ports for the MSX, MSX2, FM-7 and NEC PC-9801 were released the following year. A Nintendo Switch port based on the PC-8801 version was released on December 21, 2023 by D4 Enterprise.

A Famicom version was released under the name Hydlide Special in Japan in 1986. Three years later, it was localized and released in English regions for the Nintendo Entertainment System by Fujisankei Communications International, known as simply Hydlide. The game sold two million copies in Japan across all platforms.

The game spawned the Hydlide series, followed by the sequels Hydlide II: Shine of Darkness in 1985 and Hydlide 3: The Space Memories (Super Hydlide) in 1987. A 1995 remake was released for the Sega Saturn as Virtual Hydlide.

PC-8800 series
The PC-8800 series (Japanese: PC-8800シリーズ, Hepburn: Pī Shī Hassen Happyaku Shirīzu), commonly shortened to PC-88, are a brand of Zilog Z80-based 8-bit home computers released by Nippon Electric Company (NEC) in 1981 and primarily sold in Japan.

The PC-8800 series sold extremely well and became one of the four major Japanese home computers of the 1980s, along with the Fujitsu FM-7, Sharp X1 and the MSX computers. It was later eclipsed by NEC's 16-bit PC-9800 series, although it still maintained strong sales up until the early 1990s.

NEC's American subsidiary, NEC Home Electronics (USA), marketed variations of the PC-8800 in the United States and Canada.
Jeremy Sharp
Jeremy Sharp (born 13 August 2001) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Fremantle Football Club, having previously played for the Gold Coast Suns in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was recruited by the Gold Coast Suns with the 27th draft pick in the 2019 AFL draft.

Gold Coast Suns
The Gold Coast Suns, officially the Gold Coast Football Club, are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League (AFL). The club is based on the Gold Coast in Queensland.

Founded in 2009, the club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season. It plays home matches at Carrara Stadium (known for commercial purposes as People First Stadium) and has its training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre. The club is one of two AFL clubs based in Queensland, the other being its main rival, the Brisbane Lions, which it competes against in the QClash.

In addition to the men's team, the Suns field other teams, including an AFL Women's side, a reserves side in the Victorian Football League, and a Gold Coast Suns Academy side consisting of the club's best junior development signings. It also competes in Division 2 of the men's, women's underage championships, and the Talent League.
S. E. Massengill Company
S. E. Massengill Company was a pharmaceutical company founded in 1898 by Samuel Evans Massengill, who graduated from the University of Nashville Medical School but decided to manufacture drugs rather than practice medicine himself. By 1937, it employed more than two hundred people in Bristol, Tennessee, including six graduate pharmaceutical chemists. In 2011, it was purchased by Prestige Brands, now known as Prestige Consumer Healthcare.

Prestige Consumer Healthcare
Prestige Consumer Healthcare Inc. (formerly Prestige Brands, Inc.) is an American company that markets and distributes over-the-counter healthcare and household cleaning products. It was formed by the merger of Medtech Products, Inc., Prestige Brands International, and the Spic and Span Company in 1996. The company is headquartered in Tarrytown, New York: 2  and operates a manufacturing facility in Lynchburg, Virginia.: 9

Among the brands owned by Prestige are Chloraseptic sore throat products, Clear Eyes, Compound W wart treatment, Dramamine motion sickness treatment, Efferdent denture care, Luden's throat drops, BC Powder and Goody's Headache Powder, Pediacare & Little Remedies children's OTC products and Beano (dietary supplement).

The company's CEO and president is Ron Lombardi, who replaced Matthew Mannelly on June 1, 2015.
2018 Caracas drone attack
On 4 August 2018, two drones detonated explosives near Avenida Bolívar, Caracas, where Nicolás Maduro, the president of Venezuela, was addressing the Bolivarian National Guard in front of the Centro Simón Bolívar Towers and Palacio de Justicia de Caracas. The Venezuelan government claims the event was a targeted attempt to assassinate Maduro, though the cause and intention of the explosions is debated. Others have suggested the incident was a false flag operation designed by the government to justify repression of opposition in Venezuela.

Palacio de Justicia de Caracas
The Palacio de Justicia de Caracas is a government complex straddling Avenida Bolívar in Caracas, Venezuela. It houses numerous courtrooms and judicial facilities serving the metropolitan area. Designed by Carlos Gómez de Llarena in 1983, it became functional in 2004.
Kazan Cathedral House
Kazan Cathedral House (Russian: До́м Каза́нского собо́ра, romanized: Dóm Kazánskogo sobóra), also widely known as the house of the clergy of the Kazan Cathedral (Russian: До́м церко́внослужителей Каза́нского собо́ра), is a historic building in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
The building was built in 1813-1817 in the style of Russian Neoclassicism. Architects—Vasily Stasov, Andrey Voronikhin. Before the Russian Revolution, the house belonged to the clergy of the Kazan Cathedral (since 1813).
Location: St. Petersburg, Nevsky Prospect, 25 & Kazanskaya street, 1. Regional object of cultural heritage.

Nevsky Prospect
Nevsky Prospect (Russian: Не́вский проспе́кт, romanized: Nevsky prospekt, IPA: [ˈnʲɛfskʲɪj prɐˈspʲɛkt]) is a main street (high street) located in the federal city of St. Petersburg in Russia. Its name comes from the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, the monastery which stands at the eastern end of the street, and which commemorates the Russian hero Prince Saint Alexander Nevsky (1221–1263). Following his founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703, Tsar Peter I planned the course of the street as the beginning of the road to Novgorod and Moscow. The avenue runs from the Admiralty in the west to the Moscow Railway Station and, after veering slightly southwards at Vosstaniya Square, to the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Xerophile
A xerophile (from Ancient Greek ξηρός (xerós), meaning "dry", and φίλος (phílos), meaning "loving") is an extremophilic organism that can grow and reproduce in conditions with a low availability of water, also known as water activity.

Xerophiles are "xerotolerant", meaning tolerant of dry conditions. They can often survive in environments with water activity below 0.8; above which is typical for most life on Earth. Typically xerotolerance is used with respect to matrix drying, where a substance has a low water concentration. These environments include arid desert soils. The term osmophile, or osmotolerant, is typically applied to microorganisms that can grow in solutions with high solute concentrations (salts, sugars), such as halophiles.

Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. When, as is often but not necessarily the case, the sum of the mole fractions of solutes is small compared with unity, the solution is called a dilute solution." One parameter of a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the solvents is water.
Geisa Coutinho
Geisa Aparecida Muniz Coutinho (born 1 June 1980) is a Brazilian track and field athlete who competes in the 400 metres sprint. She represented Brazil at the 2004 Summer Olympics and at the 2012 Summer Olympics and is a four-time participant in the World Championships in Athletics (2003, 2005, 2009, and 2011). Her personal best in the 400 m is 51.08 seconds, and she holds the South American record of 3:26.68 minutes for the 4×400 metres relay.

She was the South American champion in the 400 m in 2003, the silver medallist in 2005, and the bronze medallist in 2011. She has won three South American titles with the Brazilian relay team and a bronze at the Pan American Games. At the 2011 Military World Games, she was a triple gold medallist, having won the 400 m, 4×100 m relay, and 4×400 m relay events.

4 × 400 metres relay
The 4 × 400 metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400 metres or one lap, totaling 1600 meters. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. The first leg and the first bend of the second leg are run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400 metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track. The slightly longer 4 × 440 yards relay, on an Imperial distance, was a formerly run British Commonwealth and American event, until metrication was completed in the 1970s.