hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hemidesmosome
Hemidesmosomes are very small stud-like structures found in keratinocytes of the epidermis of skin that attach to the extracellular matrix. They are similar in form to desmosomes when visualized by electron microscopy; however, desmosomes attach to adjacent cells. Hemidesmosomes are also comparable to focal adhesions, as they both attach cells to the extracellular matrix. Instead of desmogleins and desmocollins in the extracellular space, hemidesmosomes utilize integrins. Hemidesmosomes are found in epithelial cells connecting the basal epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Hemidesmosomes are also involved in signaling pathways, such as keratinocyte migration or carcinoma cell intrusion.

Focal adhesion
Focal adhesions (FAs)  also cell–matrix adhesions  are large multiprotein complexes through which mechanical force and regulatory signals are transmitted between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and an interacting cell. Focal adhesions are associated with the outer cell membrane, located at the ends of actin fibres of the cytoskeleton. They mediate the regulatory signaling events of a cell's response to ECM adhesion.

Focal adhesions serve as the mechanical linkages to the ECM, and as a biochemical signaling hub to concentrate and direct numerous signaling proteins at sites of integrin binding and clustering.
Orlando Morgan
Robert Orlando Morgan (16 March 1865 – 16 May 1956) was an English music teacher, composer and musicologist. He is best remembered as an influential teacher at the Guildhall School of Music in London, where he taught for 64 years, from 1887 to 1951, as Professor of Pianoforte and Composition. His pupils included the composer Benjamin Frankel and the pianist Dame Myra Hess.

Morgan composed many songs and classical pieces, as well as the music for the last Savoy opera, Two Merry Monarchs (1910), which had poor notices and a brief run. Morgan wrote no more operas but continued to compose prolifically throughout his life.

Myra Hess
Dame Julia Myra Hess (25 February 1890 – 25 November 1965) was an English pianist known for her performances of the works of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann, and Brahms. She famously organised concerts in London during the Second World War and The Blitz.
Hershey Entertainment Complex
The Hershey Entertainment Complex is a multi acre facility in Derry Township, Pennsylvania.  It houses Hersheypark, Hersheypark Stadium, Star Pavilion, Hersheypark Arena, Giant Center, and the former Parkview Golf Course.

The owner of the complex and all of the facilities (excluding the Giant Center - see below) is the Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company (HE&R), based at 300 Park Boulevard in Hershey, Pennsylvania.

Giant Center
Giant Center (stylized as GIANT Center) is a 10,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.  It is home to the Hershey Bears ice hockey team, the longest-existing member of the American Hockey League, operating since 1938. Giant Center replaced Hersheypark Arena as the Bears' home venue in 2002.

Giant Center is owned by the Derry Township Industrial and Commercial Development Authority, as much of the money for its construction was provided by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is operated by Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company, with the naming rights owned by the Giant-Carlisle grocery store chain based in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

Giant Center has 7,700 seats in the lower level and 2,800 seats in the upper level. The arena also has 688 club seats and 40 luxury suites. Wheelchair and companion seating is available on all levels.
Jessie Godderz
Jessie Godderz (born April 23, 1986), also known as Mr. PEC-Tacular, is an American actor and professional wrestler. He competes for Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), where he is a two-time OVW National Heavyweight Champion, one-time OVW Television Champion and a seven-time OVW Southern Tag Team Champion.

He is also known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he is a former two-time TNA World Tag Team Champion with Robbie E as The BroMans.

Prior to professional wrestling, he appeared as a contestant on two seasons of the CBS reality competition program Big Brother.

OVW Southern Tag Team Championship
The OVW Tag Team Championship (formerly known as the OVW Southern Tag Team Championship) is the tag team titles of Ohio Valley Wrestling. Created in 1997, the first champions were Nick Dinsmore and Flash Flanagan. There have been 200 reigns shared between 122 different teams consisting of 169 distinctive champions and 17 vacancies. The current champions are Los Desafios (Jota Peso and Maximo Suave), who are in their second reign as a team and individually.
Equestrian statue of Henry Warner Slocum
The equestrian statue of Henry Warner Slocum is a monumental statue in Brooklyn's Grand Army Plaza, in New York City. The equestrian statue, designed by sculptor Frederick William MacMonnies, was dedicated in 1905 in honor of Henry Warner Slocum, who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and later as a U.S. representative from the state of New York.

Monument
A monument is a type of structure created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical, political, technical or architectural importance.  Examples of monuments include statues, (war) memorials, historical buildings, and cultural assets. If there is a public interest in its preservation, a monument can for example be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
F. Stuart Wilkins
F. Stuart "Stu" Wilkins (February 25, 1928 – March 29, 2011) was an American football player, lawyer, and businessman. He played at the guard position for the University of Michigan football team from 1945 to 1948 and was a starter on the Wolverines undefeated teams in 1947 and 1948. He practiced law for more than 50 years in Canton, Ohio. He was one of the leaders behind the establishment of the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, serving on the steering committee that prepared the presentation to the NFL, and serving for more than 40 years on its board of trustees. He also served as the chairman of the board of the American Automobile Association from 1989 to 1991.

American Automobile Association
American Automobile Association (AAA) is a federation of motor clubs throughout North America. AAA is a privately held not-for-profit national member association and service organization with over 60 million members in the United States and Canada. AAA provides services to its members, including roadside assistance and others. Its national headquarters are in Heathrow, Florida.
David Vaněček (footballer, born 1991)
David Vaněček (born 9 March 1991) is a Czech professional football player who currently plays for SPG Power-Packaging Katsdorf. He previously played for Sigma Olomouc. He has represented his country at Under-16, Under-18 and Under-19 level.

SK Sigma Olomouc
SK Sigma Olomouc is a Czech professional football club based in the city of Olomouc. The club currently competes in the Czech First League, the first tier of Czech football. The club played in the first tier league for 30 years between 1984 and 2014, winning the Czech Cup and Czech Supercup in 2012. Being relegated to the Czech National Football League in 2014, the club won the league the subsequent season and were promoted back to the First League in 2015, but failed to stay in the top division and were relegated after only one season.
NetFlorist
NetFlorist is a South African company providing online ordering of flowers and other kinds of gifts for delivery. It is the country's largest flower and gift service, and oldest active online store.

The company was founded in 1999, and is headquartered in Midrand, Gauteng.

Gift
A gift or present is an item given to someone (who is not already the owner) without the expectation of payment or anything in return. Although gift-giving might involve an expectation of reciprocity, a gift is intended to be free. In many countries, the act of mutually exchanging money, goods, etc., may sustain social relationships and contribute to social cohesion. Economists have elaborated the economics of gift-giving into the notion of a gift economy. By extension, the term gift can refer to any item or act of service that makes the other happier or less sad, especially as a favor, including forgiveness and kindness. Gifts are often presented on occasions such as birthdays and holidays.
Wrestedt (Samtgemeinde)
Wrestedt is a former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Uelzen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat was in the village Wrestedt. At the 1 November 2011 local government reform, its municipalities merged into the municipality Wrestedt, and the Samtgemeinden Wrestedt and Bodenteich merged to form the new Samtgemeinde Aue.

The Samtgemeinde Wrestedt consisted of the following municipalities:

Stadensen

Wieren

Wrestedt

52°54′00″N 10°34′59″E﻿ / ﻿52.900°N 10.583°E﻿ / 52.900; 10.583

Wrestedt
Wrestedt (German pronunciation: [ˈvʁeːʃtɛt]) is a municipality in the district of Uelzen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 7 km south of Uelzen. Wrestedt is the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Aue, which consists of the municipalities Bad Bodenteich, Lüder, Soltendieck, and Wrestedt.
N.O.V.A. 2: The Hero Rises Again
N.O.V.A. 2: The Hero Rises Again is a first-person shooter video game, developed and published by Gameloft. It is the second installment of the N.O.V.A. series made for the iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, HP Touchpad, and Blackberry Playbook, and sequel to the original N.O.V.A. game and predecessor to N.O.V.A. 3. The game was released to the App Store on December 16, 2010 for iOS. N.O.V.A. 2 features Gameloft's multiplayer service Gameloft Live.

Gameloft
Gameloft SE is a French major video game company based in Paris, founded in December 1999 by Ubisoft co-founder Michel Guillemot. The company operates 11 development studios worldwide, and publishes games for mobile devices, video game consoles, and PC. Formerly a public company traded at the Paris Bourse, Gameloft was acquired by investment french company Vivendi in 2016.
Optical module
An optical module is a typically hot-pluggable optical transceiver used in high-bandwidth data communications applications. Optical modules typically have an electrical interface on the side that connects to the inside of the system and an optical interface on the side that connects to the outside world through a fiber optic cable. The form factor and electrical interface are often specified by an interested group using a multi-source agreement (MSA). Optical modules can either plug into a front panel socket or an on-board socket. Sometimes the optical module is replaced by an electrical interface module that implements either an active or passive electrical connection to the outside world. A large industry supports the manufacturing and use of optical modules.

Multi-source agreement
In the telecommunications industry, a multi-source agreement (MSA) is an agreement among multiple manufacturers to make products which are compatible across vendors, acting as de facto standards, establishing a competitive market for interoperable products.

Products that adhere to multi-source agreements (MSAs) include: optical transceivers, such as the SFP, SFP+, XENPAK, QSFP, XFP, CFP etc.; fiber optic cables; and other networking devices. MSAs strictly define the operating characteristics of these network devices so that system vendors may implement ports in their devices (e.g. Ethernet switches and routers) that allow MSA compliant devices produced by name brands, as well as third party vendors, to function properly.
East Wood, Great Casterton
East Wood is a 6.6-hectare (16-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Great Casterton in Rutland.

This semi-natural wood is on boulder clay of glacial origin. The dominant trees are ash, oak and wych elm, with a few wild service trees and small leaved limes. In well-drained areas there is a diverse ground flora typical of ancient woodland, and in the less well-drained parts,  tufted hair-grass predominates.

Quercus robur
Quercus robur, the pedunculate (or "English") oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe, North Africa and western Asia, and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. It grows on soils of near neutral acidity in the lowlands and is notable for its value to natural ecosystems, supporting a very wide diversity of herbivorous insects and other pests, predators and pathogens.
Imaginationland Episode II
"Imaginationland Episode II" is the eleventh episode in the eleventh season of Comedy Central's animated television series South Park. It originally aired on October 24, 2007. The episode was rated TV-MA LV in the United States. It is the second episode in a three-part story arc that won the 2008 Emmy for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More). The three episodes were later reissued together, along with previously unreleased footage, as the uncensored Imaginationland: The Movie.

In the episode, Stan and Kyle are captured by the government, and are being held in the Pentagon until they tell them how they got into Imaginationland. Meanwhile, Cartman is on a deranged quest: Find Kyle and have him make good on their bet.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program is a Creative Arts Emmy Award which is given annually to an animated series.

In the following list, the first titles listed in gold are the winners; those not in gold are nominees, which are listed in alphabetical order. The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place.
Shiva Kumar Rai
Shiva Kumar Rai (1919–1995) was a Nepali language writer and politician from Darjeeling, India. He won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1978 for his collection of short stories Khaharey. He was the first Gorkha minister in the state of West Bengal after becoming a deputy minister in 1952.

Sahitya Akademi Award
The Sahitya Akademi Award  is a literary  honour in India,  which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 languages of the 8th Schedule to the Indian constitution as well as in English and Rajasthani language.

Established in 1954, the award comprises a plaque and a cash prize of ₹ 100,000. The award's purpose is to recognise and promote excellence in Indian writing and acknowledge new trends. The annual process of selecting awardees runs for the preceding 12 months. The plaque awarded by the Sahitya Akademi was designed by the Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray. Prior to this, the plaque occasionally was made of marble, but this practice was discontinued because of its excessive weight. During the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, the plaque was substituted with national savings bonds.
Equilateral pentagon
In geometry, an equilateral pentagon is a polygon in the Euclidean plane with five sides of equal length. Its five vertex angles can take a range of sets of values, thus permitting it to form a family of pentagons.  In contrast, the regular pentagon is unique, because it is equilateral and moreover it is equiangular (its five angles are equal; the measure is 108 degrees).

Four intersecting equal circles arranged in a closed chain are sufficient to determine a convex equilateral pentagon. Each circle's center is one of four vertices of the pentagon. The remaining vertex is determined by one of the intersection points of the first and the last circle of the chain.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
Francis Hincks
Sir Francis Hincks, PC, KCMG, CB (December 14, 1807 – August 18, 1885) was a Canadian businessman, politician, and British colonial administrator.  An immigrant from Ireland, he was the Co-Premier of the Province of Canada (1851–1854), Governor of Barbados (1856–1862), Governor of British Guiana (1862–1869) and Canadian Minister of Finance (1869–1873).

Minister of Finance (Canada)
The minister of finance (French: ministre des Finances) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Finance and presenting the federal government's budget each year. It is one of the most important positions in the Cabinet.

François-Philippe Champagne is the 42nd and current finance minister, assuming the role March 14, 2025 as a member of the new 30th Canadian Ministry of Mark Carney.
Muggie Maggie
Muggie Maggie is a book written by Beverly Cleary that was published in the year 1990 revolving around the experiences of eight-year-old Maggie Schultz, and her refusal to learn cursive writing. It has been illustrated by Kay Life, Tracy Dockray, and Alan Tiegreen, and published as audiobooks narrated by Kate Forbes and Kathleen McInerney. It has been translated into Spanish by Ana Cristina Werring Millet.

Cursive
Cursive (also known as joined-up writing) is any style of penmanship in which characters are written joined in a flowing manner, generally for the purpose of making writing faster, in contrast to block letters. It varies in functionality and modern-day usage across languages and regions, being used both publicly in artistic and formal documents as well as in private communication. Formal cursive is generally joined, but casual cursive is a combination of joins and pen lifts. The writing style can be further divided as "looped", "italic", or "connected".

The cursive method is used with many alphabets due to infrequent pen lifting which allows increased writing speed. However, more elaborate or ornamental calligraphic styles of writing can be slower to reproduce. In some alphabets, many or all letters in a word are connected, sometimes making a word one single complex stroke.
Robert Sobel
Robert Sobel (February 19, 1931 – June 2, 1999) was an American professor of history at Hofstra University and a prolific writer of business histories. During a career spanning more than four decades, he authored or co-authored more than 50 books and hundreds of articles on American business and finance.

Business history
Business history is a historiographical field which examines the history of firms, business methods, government regulation and the effects of business on society. It also includes biographies of individual firms, executives, and entrepreneurs. It is related to economic history. It is distinct from "company history" which refers to official histories, usually funded by the company itself.
Thwaites, Cumbria
Thwaites is a small village near Duddon Valley and on the edge of the Duddon Estuary in the Lake District National Park in the district of Cumberland (unitary authority), Cumbria, England. The River Duddon flows through the valley, rising in the mountains between Eskdale and Langdale, before flowing into the Irish Sea near Broughton in Furness. In its lower reaches it is bounded by the Furness Fells and Harter Fell.

Thwaites has an impressive sized church for the small population — the neighbouring villages of The Green, Broad Gate, Hallthwaites and Lady Hall all use St Anne's Church.

Close by along the Duddon Valley are steep roads leading over the Hardknott Pass to Eskdale and east over the Wrynose Pass to the Langdale valleys. A less steep pass to Eskdale over Birker Fell leaves the Duddon Valley at Ulpha, with extensive views of the Scafell range. There is also the Corney Fell Road from Duddon Bridge or Broad Gate over to Waberthwaite and Broad Oak near Muncaster Castle.

Eskdale, Cumbria
Eskdale is a civil parish in the west of the Lake District National Park, and the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. It is named after the Eskdale valley which the River Esk flows through on its way from the fells of the Lake District to the Irish Sea at Ravenglass. The civil parish is not coterminous with the valley, as the parish also includes the upper valley of the River Mite (Miterdale), whilst the lower reaches of the River Esk are in the civil parish of Muncaster. Most of the parish's population is concentrated in the two villages of Eskdale Green and Boot.

One of the Lake District's most popular tourist attractions, the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway, runs through the parish, though along with other western parts of the Lake District, Eskdale is notably quieter during the high summer season than the more accessible eastern areas.
British Lions v The Rest
British Lions v The Rest was a 1986 rugby union match that saw the British Lions play against 'The Rest' to celebrate the centenary of the International Rugby Football Board. The Rest consisted of players from Australia, France, New Zealand and South Africa. At the time, there were only eight unions affiliated to the Board, thus only players from those countries were chosen. The Rest beat the Lions 15–7 in April 1986 in the match played at Cardiff Arms Park.

World XV
A World XV (or World 15) is a rugby union team organised on an unofficial, ad hoc basis and typically composed of invited players from various countries. Several World XVs have been arranged by various bodies since the 1970s, often to take part in celebration and testimonial games, usually against national teams, but these are not considered test matches by most nations.
Aha (streaming service)
Aha (stylised as aha) is an Indian over-the-top streaming service which offers Telugu and Tamil-language content. It is owned by Arha Media & Broadcasting Private Limited, a joint venture between Geetha Arts and My Home Group. The service was soft launched on 25 January 2020 and launched officially on 25 March 2020, coinciding with Ugadi, the Telugu New Year.

Jupally Rameswar Rao
Jupally Rameswar Rao (born 16 September 1955) is an Indian businessman. He is the founder-chairman of My Home Group, a Hyderabad-based company with a presence in real estate, cement, and power sectors. One of the brands of his company, Maha Cement has a reported annual revenue of ₹3,000 crore. As per Forbes magazine, Rameswar Rao has a net worth of $3.2 billion, as of March 2024.
Heiner Brand
Heiner Brand (born 26 July 1952) is a German former handball player and coach. He was the Germany national team coach from 1997 to 2011. He is the only person who has won the world handball championship both as a player (in 1978) and as a coach (in 2007).

2007 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2007 World Men's Handball Championship was the 20th edition of the tournament that took place from 19 January to 4 February 2007 in Germany. 24 national teams played in 12 German cities. It was the 20th edition of the World Championship in team handball and was won by the hosts.