hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Mystery of Cloomber
The Mystery of Cloomber is a novel by the British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It was first published in 1889 in the Pall Mall Gazette.

The novel depicts a massacre during the First Anglo-Afghan War (1838–1842) and the fate of its perpetrator. An officer of the East India Company decides to slaughter the remnants of the enemy forces, and he also kills a Buddhist priest who tried to prevent the massacre.  The priest's students vow to avenge his death, but they are stalking the officer for 40 years instead of immediately killing him. Four decades following the massacre, the officer is a retired general living in  Wigtownshire. When the Buddhist priests follow him there, the general resigns himself to his fate and declines offers of help from his prospective son-in-law. The priests either throw their foe into a bottomless pit, or compel him to jump into the pit on his own.

First Anglo-Afghan War
The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the British Empire and the Emirate of Kabul from 1838 to 1842. The British initially successfully invaded the country taking sides in a succession dispute between emir Dost Mohammad Khan (Barakzai) and former King Shah Shujah (Durrani), whom they reinstalled upon occupying Kabul in August 1839. The main British Indian force occupied Kabul and endured harsh winters. The force and its camp followers were almost completely massacred during its 1842 retreat from Kabul.

The British then sent what was widely termed an "Army of Retribution" to Kabul to avenge the destruction of the previous forces. After recovering prisoners, they left Afghanistan by the end of the year. Dost Mohammed returned from exile in India to resume his rule.

It was one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in Central Asia between Britain and Russia.
Junius Driggs
Junius ElMarion Driggs (June 28, 1907 – July 8, 1994) was the CEO and co-founder of the later defunct Western Savings and Loan. He was also the president of the Mesa Arizona Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1975 to 1980.

Temple president
Temple president is a priesthood leadership position in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. A temple president's primary responsibility is to supervise the affairs of a church temple in both an administrative and spiritual capacity.

The president is assisted by two male counselors and together they compose the temple presidency. Normally the wife of the temple president serves as the temple matron, and the wives of the president's counselors as assistants to the matron. The matron and her assistants share in the responsibilities of the temple presidency. All members of a temple presidency are ordained high priests in the church.
Ai no Uta (Koda Kumi song)
Ai no Uta (愛のうた / Song of Love) is the 37th single released by Japanese pop singer-songwriter Kumi Koda. The single was released in CD and CD+DVD, with limited editions carrying the "Urban Kiss Version" of Ai no Uta. The single was released on September 12, 2007, and followed the theme of Yume no Uta/Futari de... as an autumn/winter-time love ballad. It charted at No. 2 on Oricon and stayed on the charts for twenty-two weeks.

Yume no Uta/Futari de...
Yume no Uta/futari de... (夢のうた/ふたりで... / Dream Song/us two...) is singer-songwriter Koda Kumi's 33rd single under the Rhythm Zone label, and is her second attempt at a double a-side. The single charted at No. 1 on Oricon and stayed on the charts for sixteen weeks, out-selling her previous single, 4 Hot Wave. This made her first No. 1 single since feel. The single came in CD and CD+DVD and both a-sides have their unique cover art.
Morgan Est
Morgan Est plc was a British-based construction company specialising in infrastructure services headquartered in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. It merged with the sister company Morgan Ashurst to form combined infrastructure and construction company Morgan Sindall, which is itself part of the Morgan Sindall Group.

Morgan Sindall
Morgan Sindall Group plc is a UK construction and regeneration company, headquartered in London employing around 6,700 employees and operating in the public, regulated and private sectors.  It operates through three divisions: Fit Out, Construction Services, and Partnerships.  It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
University of Bristol Dental Hospital
The University of Bristol Dental Hospital is a specialist hospital for dental treatment in Bristol, England. It operates in conjunction with the University of Bristol Dental School. The Bristol Eye Hospital is adjacent, and the Bristol Royal Infirmary nearby. It is managed by the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust.

Bristol Royal Infirmary
The Bristol Royal Infirmary (BRI) is a large teaching hospital in the centre of Bristol, England. It has links with the nearby University of Bristol and the Faculty of Health and Social Care at the University of the West of England, also in Bristol.

The BRI is one of nine hospitals operated by the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust. It is on the same site as the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, and Bristol Heart Institute (BHI). The Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre has 49 beds and the Bristol Heart Institute has 107, which are not included in the main hospital's total.
Somaliland Peace Process
The Somaliland Peace Process refers to the series of grassroot initiatives that brought peace to Somaliland after the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic’s central government. In conjunction with the Somali National Movement, communities in Somaliland (formerly British Somaliland) negotiated a series of truces to end hostilities and address the grievances between the communities who were often on opposing sides to the Barre regime.

As a result, this process acted as a key building block that led to the Borama grand reconciliation conference in 1993 allowing the transfer of rule from the SNM interim government to a new civilian administration paving way for democratic rule and stability.

Somali National Movement
The Somali National Movement (SNM; Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed; Arabic: الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized guerrilla groups and mujahideen groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence. The organisation was founded in London, England, on April 6, 1981 by Hassan Isse Jama, Hassan Adan Wadadid, and Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid and other former Somali diplomats, who stated that initially the group's purpose was to overthrow the Siad Barre regime.

In May 1991, the organisation declared an independent Republic of Somaliland in the region that had constituted British Somaliland before independence and unification with the former colony of Italian Somaliland in 1960 after the Somaliland War of Independence.
Minimum efficient scale
In industrial organization, the minimum efficient scale (MES) or efficient scale of production is the lowest point where the plant (or firm) can produce such that its long run average costs are minimized with production remaining effective. It is also the point at which the firm can achieve necessary economies of scale for it to compete effectively within the market.

Cost curve
In economics, a cost curve is a graph of the costs of production as a function of total quantity produced. In a free market economy, productively efficient firms optimize their production process by minimizing cost consistent with each possible level of production, and the result is a cost curve. Profit-maximizing firms use cost curves to decide output quantities. There are various types of cost curves, all related to each other, including total and average cost curves; marginal ("for each additional unit") cost curves, which are equal to the differential of the total cost curves; and variable cost curves. Some are applicable to the short run, others to the long run.
Abergele cattle
The Abergele cattle are the smallest breed of cattle in north Ethiopia. They are reared in the Abergele lowlands and at the southwestern lower slopes of Dogu'a Tembien district. Abergele cattle are part of the Zenga breed group. The Abergele breed is known for its adaptation to the hotter and drier lowlands. It is also very tolerant to diseases and parasites and can cope with feed shortages during long dry periods.

Sanga cattle
Sanga cattle is the collective name for indigenous cattle of some regions in Africa. They are sometimes identified as a subspecies with the scientific name Bos taurus africanus. Their history of domestication and their origins in relation to taurine cattle, zebu cattle (indicine), and native African varieties of the ancestral aurochs are a matter of debate. "African taurine", "sanga", "zenga", "sheko", "African indicine" are all sub-groups of Sanga cattle.
Gunning, New South Wales
Gunning is a small town on the Old Hume Highway, between Goulburn and Yass in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, about 260 km south-west of Sydney and 75 km north of the national capital, Canberra. Nearby towns and cities are Cullerin, Gundaroo, Dalton, Yass, Murrumbateman and Goulburn.

At the 2021 census, Gunning had a population of 820. The Shire of Gunning (which was amalgamated into Upper Lachlan Shire in 2004) had a population of 2,280. The Gunning Wind Farm has been established to the town's northeast, and is visible from the Hume Highway.

Yass, New South Wales
Yass (/jæs/)
is a town on the periphery of the Southern Tablelands and South West Slopes of New South Wales, Australia. The name appears to have been derived from an Aboriginal word, "Yarrh" (or "Yharr"), said to mean 'running water'.

Yass is located 280 km south-west of Sydney, on the Hume Highway, and is 59 km from Canberra. It lies at an elevation of 505 metres. The Yass River, which is a tributary of the Murrumbidgee River, flows through the town.

Yass has a historic high street, with well-preserved 19th-century verandah post pubs (mostly converted to other uses). It is popular with tourists, some from Canberra and others taking a break from the Hume Highway.
Acid Pro
Acid Pro (often stylized ACID) is a professional digital audio workstation (DAW) software program currently developed by Magix Software. It was originally called Acid pH1 and published by Sonic Foundry, later by Sony Creative Software as Acid Pro, and since spring 2018 by Magix as both Acid Pro and a simplified version, Acid Music Studio. Acid Pro 11 supports 64-bit architectures, and has MIDI, ASIO, VST, VST3, DirectX Audio, and 5.1 surround sound support.

Digital audio workstation
A digital audio workstation (DAW /dɔː/) is an electronic device or application software used for recording, editing and producing audio files. DAWs come in a wide variety of configurations, from a single software program on a laptop, to an integrated stand-alone unit, all the way to a highly complex configuration of numerous components controlled by a central computer. Regardless of configuration, modern DAWs have a central interface that allows the user to alter and mix multiple recordings and tracks into a final produced piece.

DAWs are used for producing and recording music, songs, speech, radio, television, soundtracks, podcasts, sound effects and nearly every other kind of complex recorded audio.
Martin Charteris, Baron Charteris of Amisfield
Lieutenant-Colonel Martin Michael Charles Charteris, Baron Charteris of Amisfield, GCB, GCVO, OBE, QSO, PC (7 September 1913 – 23 December 1999) was a British Army officer and courtier of Queen Elizabeth II. Charteris was the longest-serving Assistant Private Secretary to the Sovereign, having served for over 18 years in that position. Later, he became Private Secretary to the Sovereign.

Private Secretary to the Sovereign
The private secretary to the sovereign is the senior operational member of the Royal Household of the sovereign of the United Kingdom (as distinct from the great officers of the Household, whose duties are largely ceremonial). The private secretary is the principal channel of communication between the monarch and the governments in most of the Commonwealth realms. They also have responsibility for the official programme and correspondence of the sovereign. Through these roles the position wields considerable influence. This is one of the most senior positions within the Royal Household.

The current private secretary position is held by Sir Clive Alderton.
Sadowara Domain
Sadowara Domain (佐土原藩, Sadowara-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now central Miyazaki Prefecture. It was centered around Sadowara Castle in what is now the city of Miyazaki and was ruled by a cadet branch of the tozama daimyō Shimazu clan for all of its history.

Miyazaki Prefecture
Miyazaki Prefecture (宮崎県, Miyazaki-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.jaꜜ.(d)za.kʲi, -ja.(d)za.kʲi̥ꜜ.keɴ, -(d)zaꜜ.kʲi̥.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Miyazaki Prefecture has a population of 1,028,215 as of 1 January 2025 and has a geographic area of 7,735 km2 (2,986 sq mi). Miyazaki Prefecture borders Ōita Prefecture to the north, Kumamoto Prefecture to the northwest, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the southwest.

Miyazaki is the capital and largest city of Miyazaki Prefecture, with other major cities including Miyakonojō, Nobeoka, and Hyūga. Miyazaki Prefecture is located in southeastern Kyūshū on Japan's Pacific coast, with its coastline extending from Nobeoka near the entrance to the Bungo Channel to Shibushi Bay in Kushima.
Those Were the Days (Cream album)
Those Were the Days is a retrospective compilation of music recorded by the British rock band Cream, released on 23 September 1997. It comprises four compact discs and includes almost every studio track released during the band's active lifetime, with the exception of the original "Passing The Time" from Wheels of Fire, and all but three tracks from the live material recorded in 1968 and released on Wheels of Fire, Goodbye, and the two Live Cream volumes of 1970 and 1972. The title is taken from the song written by Ginger Baker and Mike Taylor, released on Wheels of Fire in 1968.

Live Cream Volume II
Live Cream Volume II is the second live album by the British rock band Cream, released in March 1972 by Polydor Records (Atco Records in the US). This album contains six tracks recorded at various performances from 9 March to 4 October 1968.
Rachel Ankeny
Rachel Ankeny FAHA FASSA was appointed as Chair and Professor of philosophy at Wageningen University in 2024. She was previously Professor of history and philosophy at the University of Adelaide, where she worked from 2006–24 and served as Deputy Dean Research (Faculty of Arts) from 2011–22. She remains affiliated as an honorary professor at Adelaide.

In 2020, she was elected as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) "for her contributions to our understanding of the foundational roles that organisms play in biological research and her leadership in history and philosophy of science." She is currently the past president of the International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology (ISHPSSB) and Editor-in-Chief of Studies in History and Philosophy of Science.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
Selden Society
The Selden Society is a learned society and registered charity concerned with the study of English legal history. It functions primarily as a text publication society, but also undertakes other activities to promote scholarship within its sphere of interest. It is the only learned society wholly devoted to the topic of English legal history.

The society takes its name from the eminent English jurist and legal and constitutional scholar, John Selden (1584–1654).

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Toru Dutt
Tarulatta Datta, popularly known as Toru Dutt (Bengali: তরু দত্ত; 4 March 1856 – 30 August 1877) was an Indian Bengali poet and translator from British India, who wrote in English and French. She is among the founding figures of Indo-Anglian literature, alongside Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809–1831), Manmohan Ghose (1869–1924), and Sarojini Naidu (1879–1949). She is known for her volumes of poetry in English, Sita, A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields (1876) and Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan (1882), and for a novel in French, Le Journal de Mademoiselle d'Arvers (1879). Her poems explore themes of loneliness, longing, patriotism and nostalgia. Dutt died at the age of 21 of tuberculosis.

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (18 April 1809 – 26 December 1831) was an Indian poet and assistant headmaster of Hindu College, Kolkata. He was a radical thinker of his time and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and science among the young men of Bengal.

Long after his early death, his legacy lived on among his former students, who came to be known as Young Bengals and many of whom became prominent in social reform, law, and journalism.
Finn Guttormsen
Finn Guttormsen (born 16 July 1968 in Mosjøen, Norway) is a Norwegian Jazz musician (upright bass), known for his dedicated contributions to the Farmers Market and recently to the Silje Nergaard Band, and musicians like Trygve Seim, Øyvind Brække, Per Oddvar Johansen, Håkon Storm-Mathisen, Jarle Vespestad, Hans Mathisen, Arve Henriksen.

Per Oddvar Johansen
Per Oddvar Johansen (born 1 March 1968) is a Norwegian Jazz musician (drummer), most recognized for his work with Trygve Seim, Christian Wallumrød, The Source, Solveig Slettahjell and Vigleik Storaas, but has also been awarded the Spellemannprisen five times.
Walter Scheel
Walter Scheel (German: [ˈvaltɐ ˈʃeːl] ⓘ; 8 July 1919 – 24 August 2016) was a German statesman. A member of the Nazi Party who joined the Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP) in 1946, he first served in government as the Federal Minister of Economic Cooperation and Development from 1961 to 1966 and later as President of Germany from 1974 to 1979. He led the FDP from 1968 to 1974.

During the chancellorship of Willy Brandt, Scheel was Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Vice Chancellor. Scheel became acting Chancellor of West Germany from 7–16 May 1974 following Brandt's resignation after the Guillaume Affair. He was elected shortly after as the president of West Germany, remaining in the role until 1979. Scheel was a member of the Protestant Church in Germany.

Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)
The federal minister for foreign affairs (German: Bundesminister des Auswärtigen) is the head of the Federal Foreign Office and a member of the Cabinet of Germany. The current office holder is Johann Wadephul. Since 1966, the minister for foreign affairs has often also simultaneously held the office of vice-chancellor of Germany.
National Register of Historic Places listings in North Philadelphia
The following properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places in North Philadelphia.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 614 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Philadelphia, including 67 National Historic Landmarks. North Philadelphia includes 171 of these properties and districts, of which 17 are National Historic Landmarks; the city's remaining properties and districts are listed elsewhere. Two sites are split between North Philadelphia and other parts of the city, and are thus included on multiple lists. Two other properties in North Philadelphia were once listed but have been removed.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Philadelphia
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. There are more than 600 properties and districts listed on the National Register in Philadelphia, including 67 National Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 6, 2026.
Helen Wilcox
Helen Elizabeth Wilcox FRSA FRSL FLSW (née Boulton; born 1955) is a British literary scholar who specializes in early modern English literature. She is Professor of English Literature at Bangor University.

Learned Society of Wales
The Learned Society of Wales (Welsh: Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru) is a national academy, learned society and charity that exists to "celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect and encourage excellence in all of the scholarly disciplines", and to serve the Welsh nation.

The Learned Society of Wales is Wales's first and only all-embracing national scholarly academy.  A registered charity, it was established and launched on 25 May 2010 at the National Museum of Wales and was granted a Royal Charter in 2015. The society is headquartered in Cardiff.

It is an independent, self-governing, pan-disciplinary, bilingual organisation operating throughout Wales, and is a founding member of the Celtic Academies Alliance.
2023 iHeartRadio Music Awards
The 2023 iHeartRadio Music Awards were held at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on March 27, 2023, and broadcast live on Fox. The event was hosted by singer-songwriter and actor Lenny Kravitz.

During the ceremony Pink was honored with the Icon Award for her "impact on pop culture, longevity and continued relevance through new music, touring and radio force". Taylor Swift was recognized with the Innovator Award for being "an advocate for women’s rights and the LGBTQ+ community, using her music and platform to inspire young people to use their voting power".

IHeartRadio Music Awards
The iHeartRadio Music Awards is an American music awards show that celebrates music heard throughout the year across iHeartMedia radio stations nationwide and on iHeartRadio, iHeartMedia's digital music platform. Founded by iHeartRadio in 2014, the event recognizes the most popular artists and music over the previous year. Winners are chosen per cumulative performance data, while the public is able to vote in several categories.

The inaugural event was held on May 1, 2014, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. Its first two years were broadcast live on NBC; from 2016 to 2018, it was simulcast on TBS, TNT and TruTV. Since the 2019 iHeartRadio Music Awards, the ceremony has aired on Fox. The trophy is manufactured by the New York firm Society Awards.

Taylor Swift is the most awarded artist in the history of the iHeartRadio Music Awards, having won 34 awards between 2015 and 2025.
Glenwood, Nebraska
Glenwood is a census-designated place (CDP) in Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States. It conforms to the unincorporated area known as Glenwood Park. It is part of the Kearney, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 466 at the 2010 census.

Kearney, Nebraska
Kearney (/ˈkɑːrni/ KAR-nee) is a city and the county seat of Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 33,790 in the 2020 census, making it the 5th most populous city in Nebraska. It is home to the University of Nebraska at Kearney. The westward push of the railroad as the Civil War ended gave new birth to the community.