hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surfleet railway station
Surfleet railway station was a station in Surfleet, Lincolnshire, England. It closed to passenger traffic on 11 September 1961.

The rail line is now the A16 road, and no trace of the station can be found.

Surfleet
Surfleet is a small village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the B1356 road, 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Spalding, in the Lincolnshire fens.

The River Glen runs through the village to the east where it becomes tidal at the hamlet of Surfleet Seas End. The name Surfleet derives from the Old English sūr flēot meaning damp creek.

The parish had a population of 1,338 at the 2011 census.
314th Air Division
The 314th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with Pacific Air Forces at Osan Air Base, South Korea, where it was inactivated in September 1986.

The unit was first organized during World War II as the 314th Bombardment Wing, which was part of the Twentieth Air Force of the United States Army Air Forces. The 314th engaged in bombing operations against Japan using Boeing B-29 Superfortresses.

Fifth Air Force
The Fifth Air Force (5 AF) is a numbered Air Force of the United States Air Force Pacific Air Forces (PACAF). Founded in September 1941 and headquartered at Yokota Air Base, Japan, it is the service’s oldest continuously serving numbered Air Force.

Fifth Air Force is the Headquarters Pacific Air Forces forward element in Japan and the air component to United States Forces Japan. It plans, conducts, controls, and coordinates air operations assigned by the PACAF commander. It maintains readiness for such operations. It increases regional stability by planning, exercising, and executing joint air operations with Japan.

It is commanded by Lieutenant General Stephen Jost.
An Numaniyah
An-Nu'mānīyah (Arabic: النعمانية, romanized: an-Nuʿmānīyah) is a city on the Tigris river in Iraq, located roughly 140 kilometres (87 mi) southeast of Baghdad in the Wasit Province. It is the site of one of four national training centers for the Iraqi Army.

It is also the site of a base that was built by the Hussein regime and constructed by Yugoslavian contractors Mostogradnja. Following the beginning of the Iraq War, it changed its purpose September 1, 2004 to operate as a training base for new recruits and serve as the home station for three battalions of the Iraqi Intervention Force – the Iraqi army's counterinsurgency wing.

Mostogradnja
Mostogradnja (Građevinsko preduzeće Mostogradnja a.d. Beograd) is a Serbian bridge building company, with headquarters in Belgrade, Serbia. Its projects have included bridges and interchanges, as well as industrial and military structures in Serbia, former Yugoslavia and abroad. As of August 2021, the company is in bankruptcy procedure.
Pat Walker (activist)
Pat Walker (February 18, 1939 – 1999) was a lesbian activist, poet, and businesswoman, best known for her involvement in the Daughters of Bilitis. She served as the president of the San Francisco chapter of the Daughters of Bilitis and helped create the Council on Religion and the Homosexual.

Council on Religion and the Homosexual
The Council on Religion and the Homosexual (CRH) was a San Francisco, California, United States–based organization founded in 1964 for the purpose of joining homosexual activists and religious leaders.
Belarusian Air Force
The Air Force and Air Defence Forces of the Republic of Belarus is a branch of Armed Forces of Belarus  tasked with conduction and countering air warfare. It was formed in 2001 by merging separate air force and air defense branches.

Belarus formed its air force in 1992 from the 26th Air Army of the Soviet Air Forces which had been serving in the Byelorussian SSR.

2nd Separate Air Defense Army
The 2nd Separate Air Defense Army (Russian: 2-я отдельная армия ПВО (2 ОА ПВО)) was an army of the Soviet Air Defense Forces based at Minsk from 1960, with six years' break in the early 1980s, until 1992. The army was responsible for the air defense of Belarus and the Baltics from 1960 to the elimination of the army headquarters in 1980. When the army headquarters was reformed in 1986 it became responsible for the air defense of Belarus and western Ukraine. Its units were divided between the two countries when the Soviet Union dissolved.
Cogmanskloof Pass
Cogmanskloof Pass is a mountain pass in Western Cape, South Africa, on the R62 provincial road over the Langeberg between Ashton in the Boland and Montagu in the Little Karoo. The pass was built by Thomas Charles John Bain and completed in 1877 as one of the first routes inland through that mountain range.

R62 (South Africa)
The R62 is a provincial route in South Africa that connects Ashton with Humansdorp. The R62 runs through the Little Karoo and the Langkloof, passing through Montagu, Ladismith, Calitzdorp, Oudtshoorn, and Joubertina.
Schleicher ASH 30
The ASH 30 is a two-seater Open Class glider manufactured by Alexander Schleicher, developed as a replacement for the ASH 25. The Mi version is powered by a 41 kW (55 hp) Wankel engine. The prototype made its maiden flight on 7 April 2011 from Wasserkuppe.

Glider competition classes
Competition classes in gliding, as in other sports, mainly exist to ensure fairness in competition.  However the classes have not been targeted at fostering technological development as in other sports.  Instead classes have arisen because of:

the popularity of certain types of glider

attempts to contain the cost of access to the sport

the need to establish a stable environment for investment decisions by both manufacturers and competitors.

The FAI Gliding Commission (IGC) is the sporting body overseeing air sports at the international level so that essentially the same classes and class definitions are followed in all countries.
Edith Kaplan
Edith F. Kaplan (February 16, 1924 – September 3, 2009) was an American psychologist, and a pioneer of neuropsychological tests who did most of her work at the Boston VA Hospital. Kaplan is known for her promotion of clinical neuropsychology as a specialty area in psychology. She examined brain-behavioral relationships in aphasia, apraxia, developmental issues in clinical neuropsychology, as well as normal and abnormal aging. Kaplan helped develop a new method of assessing brain function with neuropsychological assessment, called "The Boston Process Approach."

As a graduate student, Kaplan worked with Heinz Werner, and then collaborated further with Norman Geschwind as well as Harold Goodglass.

The Boston process approach
The Boston Process Approach is a neurological assessment tool developed by Edith Kaplan and her colleagues, Harold Goodglass, Nelson Butters, Laird Cermak, and Norman Geschwind at the Boston Veterans Medical Center. The main purpose of the Boston Process Approach is to assess brain damage as well as cognitive impairments in patients through a series of tests that are related to memory, attention, intelligence, and other aspects of information processing. This approach is one of the more flexible and qualitative neurological assessments because it emphasizes how a patient performs a task instead of whether they succeeded or failed at it.
3,3'-Diaminobenzidine
3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) is an organic compound with the formula (C6H3(NH2)2)2.  This derivative of benzidine is a precursor to polybenzimidazole, which forms fibers that are renowned for their chemical and thermal stability.  As its water-soluble tetrahydrochloride, DAB has been used in immunohistochemical staining of nucleic acids and proteins.

Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry is a form of immunostaining. It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens in cells and tissue, by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. Albert Hewett Coons, Ernest Berliner, Norman Jones and Hugh J Creech was the first to develop immunofluorescence in 1941. This led to the later development of immunohistochemistry.

Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. In some cancer cells certain tumor antigens are expressed which make it possible to detect. Immunohistochemistry is also widely used in basic research, to understand the distribution and localization of biomarkers and differentially expressed proteins in different parts of a biological tissue.
Oxygen scavenger
Oxygen scavengers or oxygen absorbers are added to enclosed packaging to help remove or decrease the level of oxygen in the package.  They are used to help maintain product safety and extend shelf life.
There are many types of oxygen absorbers available to cover a wide array of applications.

The components of an oxygen absorber vary according to intended use, the water activity of the product being preserved, and other factors. Often the oxygen absorber or scavenger is enclosed in a porous sachet or packet but it can also be part of packaging films and structures.  Others are part of a polymer structure.

Oxygen absorbing chemicals are also commonly added to boiler feedwater used in boiler systems, to reduce corrosion of components within the system.

Boiler feedwater
Boiler feedwater is the water which is supplied to a boiler. The feed water is put into the steam drum from a feed pump. In the steam drum the feed water is then turned into steam from the heat. After the steam is used, it is then dumped to the main condenser. From the condenser, it is then pumped to the deaerated feed tank. From this tank it then goes back to the steam drum to complete its cycle. The feedwater is never open to the atmosphere. This cycle is known as a closed system or Rankine cycle.
Botniahalvøya
Botniahalvøya is a peninsula of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. It is located between Lady Franklinfjorden and Brennevinsfjorden. It has a length of about twelve nautical miles. The highest peak is Franklinfjellet, at 430 m.a.s.l.

Franklinfjellet
Franklinfjellet is a mountain in Gustav V Land, on the peninsula Botniahalvøya of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, Norway.  It has a height of 430 m.a.s.l. The mountain is named after British naval officer John Franklin.
Sinclair Thomas
Sinclair Thomas (born 26 November 1968) is a former wheelchair basketball player and current coach. He was part of the Great Britain team that came fourth at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and won bronze medals at the 2004 event. He retired from playing in 2007 to become head coach of the Wolverhampton Rhinos, and was assistant coach of Great Britain team that won bronze at the 2008 Paralympics.

Great Britain men's national wheelchair basketball team
The Great Britain men's national wheelchair basketball team is the men's wheelchair basketball side that represents Great Britain in international competitions.

Great Britain has competed at every men's wheelchair basketball tournament at the Paralympic Games since the first tournament in 1960.
Rising Tide Records
Rising Tide Records was a record label started by Doug Morris, former head of Warner Music Group, and Daniel Glass, who became president.

The label had success in breaking new artists, including the multi-platinum debut of Erykah Badu, Billie Myers and Lost Boyz. Recognizing the changing landscape of the industry, Glass strategically aligned Universal with such independent record labels as Kedar Entertainment, home to Erykah Badu, and Mojo Records, home to platinum artist Reel Big Fish and the Cherry Poppin' Daddies.

In 1995, it was founded as Rising Tide Records and shortly thereafter, it was renamed Universal Records and Doug Morris was named Chairman/C.E.O. of MCA Music Entertainment Group. However, the Nashville branch stayed active until March 1998. Acts on the Nashville branch included Matraca Berg, Scotty Emerick, The Buffalo Club, Rebecca Lynn Howard, J.C. Jones, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Delbert McClinton, Tony Toliver, Jack Ingram, Dolly Parton, Kris Tyler and Keith Sewell.

Tony Toliver
Charles Anthony Taliaferro (born July 4, 1955 in Richards, Texas) is an American country music singer.

Taliaferro began playing bass guitar in his family's gospel group, but later began playing piano. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee at age 25 and held day jobs, until he was discovered by singer Dottie West. West hired him and had him as her pianist and bandleader, with his first gig occurring at the White House.

Taliaferro continued to tour with his bandmates, The Lloyds, after West died in 1991, and released a self-titled debut album through Curb Records the same year. Six years later, he released a second album, Half Saint, Half Sinner through Rising Tide Records. This album included two singles that made the Hot Country Songs charts: "Bettin' Forever on You" and "He's on the Way Home".
Knock Madness
Knock Madness is the third studio album by American rapper Hopsin. It was released on November 24, 2013, by Funk Volume and distributed by EMPIRE. Hopsin has said that the overall vibe of the album is different from his previous album Raw and that he has said all he needs to about leaving Ruthless Records. The album contains guest appearances from rappers SwizZz, Dizzy Wright, Jarren Benton, and Tech N9ne, among others. Like its predecessors, the album's production was entirely handled by Hopsin himself.

Knock Madness was supported by three singles, "Old Friend", "Hop Is Back", and "Rip Your Heart Out", the last of which features Tech N9ne. Hopsin also supported the album with the Fuck It Tour with Yelawolf, and the Knock Madness Tour. Knock Madness was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. The album also peaked at number 76 on the US Billboard 200 and, as of December 2013, has sold 16,000 copies according to Nielsen SoundScan.

SwizZz
Justin Ritter (born September 28, 1987), known professionally as SwizZz, is an American rapper. He is best known for his collaborations with fellow rapper Hopsin, having signed with his record label, Funk Volume, in 2009. He has released two mixtapes including Haywire (2009) with Hopsin, and Good Morning SwizZzle (2011).
White Noise (Linkin Park song)
"White Noise" is a song by American rock musicians Chester Bennington, Dave Farrell, Joe Hahn, and Mike Shinoda of Linkin Park, and Alec Puro of Deadsy. Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop Records released it on October 17, 2014.

The song promoted the 2014 American drama film Mall, based on Eric Bogosian’s novel of the same name. It is one of four unreleased Linkin Park demos included in the film’s soundtrack.

Mall (soundtrack)
Mall: Music from the Motion Picture is the original motion picture soundtrack for the 2014 American drama film Mall, consisting of songs written, recorded and performed by Chester Bennington, Dave Farrell, Joe Hahn and Mike Shinoda (from American rock band Linkin Park) with Alec Puro, drummer of American industrial rock band Deadsy. It was released through Warner Bros. and Machine Shop on December 12, 2014. The soundtrack was produced by Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, along with Rob Cavallo and Bill Boyd, who both served as executive producers.

Available in the Australian and New Zealand iTunes stores.
Fujiwara-kyō
Fujiwara-kyō (藤原京) was the Imperial capital of Japan for sixteen years, between 694 and 710. It was located in Yamato Province (present-day Kashihara in Nara Prefecture), having been moved from nearby Asuka, and remained the capital until its relocation to Heijō-kyō, present-day Nara.  It was the first in Japanese history to have been a planned city based on a square grid pattern modeled after Chang'an, the capital of Tang dynasty China.

Empress Jitō
Empress Jitō (持統天皇, Jitō-tennō; 645 – January 13, 703) was the 41st monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

Jitō's reign spanned the years from 686 through 697.

In the history of Japan, Jitō was the third of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant.  The two female monarchs before Jitō were Suiko and Kōgyoku/Saimei. The five women sovereigns reigning after Jitō were Genmei, Genshō, Kōken/Shōtoku, Meishō, and Go-Sakuramachi.
John Adams (mutineer)
John Adams, known as Jack Adams (4 July 1767 – 5 March 1829), was the last survivor of the Bounty mutineers who settled on Pitcairn Island in January 1790, the year after the mutiny. His real name was John Adams, but he used the name Alexander Smith until he was discovered in 1808 by Captain Mayhew Folger of the American whaling ship Topaz. His children used the surname "Adams".

HMS Bounty
HMS Bounty, also known as HMAV (His Majesty's Armed Vessel) Bounty, was a British merchant ship that the Royal Navy purchased in 1787 for a botanical mission. The ship was sent to the South Pacific Ocean under the command of William Bligh to acquire breadfruit plants and transport them to the British West Indies. That mission was never completed owing to a 1789 mutiny led by acting lieutenant Fletcher Christian, an incident now popularly known as the Mutiny on the Bounty. The mutineers later burned Bounty while she was moored at Pitcairn Island in the Southern Pacific Ocean in 1790. An American adventurer helped land several remains of Bounty in 1957.
Kalpathy Balakrishnan
Kalpathy Balakrishnan is an Indian  percussionist who plays the chenda (a traditional Kerala drum), Thayambaka, Panchari melam, and Panchavadyam. He was born in the village called Kalpathy in the Palakkad district of Kerala. He won the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award for the best thayambaka artist in 2009.

Thayambaka
Thayambaka or tayambaka is a type of solo chenda performance that developed in the south Indian state of Kerala, in which the main player at the centre improvises rhythmically on the beats of half-a-dozen or a few more chenda and ilathalam players around.
Norman Robinson (television news reporter)
Norman Hollis Robinson (born 1951) is an American former journalist, known for his reporting in New Orleans and his questioning of David Duke during an infamous debate in the 1991 Louisiana gubernatorial election. He served as reporter for WVUE-TV from 1976 to 1978 and WWL-TV from February 1979 through July 1989, and later news anchor for WDSU-TV Channel 6 (NBC), where he worked in the news department from July 1990 until his retirement in May 2014.

WWL-TV
WWL-TV (channel 4) is a television station in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, affiliated with CBS. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside Slidell-licensed MyNetworkTV affiliate WUPL (channel 54). The two stations share studios on Rampart Street in the historic French Quarter district; WWL-TV's transmitter is located on Cooper Road in Terrytown, Louisiana.

WWL-TV formerly served as the CBS affiliate of record for the Gulf Coast region of Mississippi, until ABC affiliate WLOX (channel 13) in Biloxi launched a CBS-affiliated digital subchannel in 2012.
The Report Card
The Report Card is a children's novel by Andrew Clements, first published in 2004. The story is narrated by a 5th-grade girl, Nora Rose Rowley. Nora is secretly a genius but does not tell anyone for fear that she will be thought of as "different".

Andrew Clements
Andrew Elborn Clements (May 29, 1949 – November 28, 2019) was an American author of children's literature. His debut novel Frindle won an award determined by the vote of U.S. schoolchildren in about 20 different U.S. states. In June 2015, Frindle was named the Phoenix Award winner for 2016, as it was deemed the best book that did not win a major award when it was published.
Şenay Gürler
Şenay Gürler (born 28 June 1966) is a Turkish actress.

She graduated from Dokuz Eylül University with a degree in Fine Arts. She performed at the İzmir Art Theatre and worked as a presenter at TRT. After working as a dubbing artist, she began acting in films and television. She is best known for portraying Fatoş in the hit comedy series Avrupa Yakası. She also appeared in the fantasy series Acemi Cadı, the Turkish adaptation of Sabrina the Teenage Witch, and Küçük Sırlar, the Turkish adaptation of Gossip Girl. Throughout her career, she has starred in many popular television series.

Upon completion of her college, she joined the prison labour forces and volunteered as a cook. Gürler was awarded the Best Supporting Actress award at the 28th SİYAD Awards for her performance in the film Korkuyorum Anne.

Dokuz Eylül University
Dokuz Eylül University (Turkish: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi) (DEÜ) is a public research university in İzmir, Turkey. Founded in 1982, it is organized into 18 faculties. It holds the distinction of being the first university in Turkey to implement the  problem-based learning method, which was introduced in the School of Medicine in 1997.

Several units of Dokuz Eylül University have achieved continuous improvement in education, research, and practice by obtaining the ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management System certification. These include the Social Sciences Institute and the School of Maritime Business and Management in 2001, the University Presidency in 2003, and the Medical Faculty and the Health Sciences Institute in 2004.
Riverside, Illinois
Riverside is a suburban village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population of the village was 9,298 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb of Chicago, located roughly 9 miles (14 km) west of downtown Chicago and 2 miles (3 km) outside city limits. A significant portion of the village is in the Riverside Landscape Architecture District, designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970.

Brookfield, Illinois
Brookfield (formerly Grossdale) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, located 13 miles (21 km) west of downtown Chicago. Per the 2020 census, the population was 19,476. The city is home to the Brookfield Zoo.
Concentric castle
A concentric castle is a castle with two or more        concentric curtain walls, such that the outer wall is lower than the inner and can be defended from it. The layout was square (at Belvoir and Beaumaris) where the terrain permitted, or an irregular polygon (at Krak and Margat) where curtain walls of a spur castle followed the contours of a hill.

Concentric castles resemble one castle nested inside the other, thus creating an inner and outer ward. They are typically built without a central free-standing keep. Where the castle includes a particularly strong tower (donjon), such as at Krak or Margat, it projects from the inner enceinte.

Bailey (castle)
A bailey or ward in a fortification is a leveled courtyard, typically enclosed by a curtain wall. In particular, a medieval type of European castle is known as a motte-and-bailey. Castles and fortifications may have more than one bailey, and the enclosure wall building material may have been at first in wood, and later transitioned to stone. Their layout depends both on the local topography and the level of fortification technology employed, ranging from simple enclosures to elaborate concentric defences. In addition to the gradual evolution of more complex fortification plans, there are also significant differences in regional traditions of military architecture regarding subdivisions into baileys.