hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iodine pit
The iodine pit, also called the iodine hole or xenon pit, is a temporary disabling of a nuclear reactor due to the buildup of short-lived neutron poisons in the reactor core. The main isotope responsible is 135Xe, mainly produced by beta decay of 135I. 135I is a weak neutron absorber, while 135Xe is the strongest known neutron absorber. When 135Xe builds up in the fuel rods of a reactor, it significantly lowers their reactivity, by absorbing a significant amount of the neutrons that provide the nuclear reaction.

The presence of 135I and 135Xe in the reactor is one of the main reasons for its power fluctuations in reaction to change of control rod positions.

The buildup of short-lived fission products acting as nuclear poisons is called reactor poisoning, or xenon poisoning. The buildup of stable or long-lived neutron poisons is called reactor slagging.

Xenon-135
Xenon-135 (135Xe) is an unstable isotope of xenon with a half-life of 9.14 hours, decaying to long-lived caesium-135.

135Xe is a fission product and it is the most powerful known neutron-absorbing nuclear poison (2 million barns; up to 3 million barns under reactor conditions), with a significant effect on nuclear reactor operation. The yield of xenon-135 from fission is about 6.6% (uranium) or 7.4% (plutonium), the great majority from iodine-135. (It is normal for fission products to be formed in such a chain of decays.)
Middle Man (album)
Middle Man is the ninth studio album by Boz Scaggs, released by Columbia Records in 1980. Scaggs hired members of the band Toto as session musicians (as he did for Down Two Then Left and Silk Degrees) and shared songwriting credits with them, returning to the commercial, soul-influenced rock of the latter. It would take him eight years to release his following album Other Roads, again retaining the personnel of the three preceding it.

The album reached No. 8 in the Billboard 200 album chart, and two singles reached the Billboard Hot 100: "Breakdown Dead Ahead" at No. 15 and "Jojo" at No. 17.

Silk Degrees
Silk Degrees is the seventh studio album by American musician Boz Scaggs, released on February 18, 1976, by Columbia Records. The album peaked at No. 2 and spent 115 weeks on the Billboard 200. It has been certified five times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and remains Scaggs's best selling album.

Silk Degrees spawned four singles. "It's Over" (No. 38), "Lowdown" (No. 3) and "Lido Shuffle" (No. 11) made the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100, while "What Can I Say" peaked at No. 42.
H. A. L. Fisher
Herbert Albert Laurens Fisher OM PC FRS FBA (21 March 1865 – 18 April 1940) was an English historian, educator, and Liberal politician. He served as President of the Board of Education in David Lloyd George's 1916 to 1922 coalition government.

Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (French: Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by Edward VII, admission into the order remains the personal gift of its Sovereign—currently Edward VII's great-great-grandson Charles III—and is restricted to a maximum of 24 living recipients from the Commonwealth realms, plus honorary members. While all members are awarded the right to use the post-nominal letters OM and wear the badge of the order, the Order of Merit's precedence among other honours differs between countries.
Martin Reynolds (civil servant)
Martin Alexander Baillie Reynolds CB CMG is a British civil servant who served as Principal Private Secretary to Prime Minister Boris Johnson from 2019 to 2022. Reynolds previously served as British Ambassador to Libya under Prime Minister Theresa May and as the principal private secretary to Johnson when he served as Foreign Secretary in May's government.

Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is a senior official in the civil service of the United Kingdom. As a principal private secretary, they are traditionally responsible for running the prime minister's private office in 10 Downing Street. In the Civil Service, the role is currently graded as director general.

The current principal private secretary is Dan York-Smith.
Agricultural policy of Fascist Italy
The Agricultural policy of fascism in Italy was a series of complex measures and laws designed and enforced during Italian Fascism, as a move towards attempted autarky, specifically by Benito Mussolini following the Battle for Grain and the 1935 invasion of Abyssinia and subsequent trade embargoes (despite continued trade with Germany).

Battle for Grain
The Battle for Grain (Italian: Battaglia del grano), also known as the Battle for Wheat, was a propaganda campaign launched in 1925 during the fascist regime of Italy by Benito Mussolini, with the aim of gaining self-sufficiency in wheat production and freeing Italy from the "slavery of foreign bread". This campaign was successful in increasing wheat output and lowering the trade deficit, but was ultimately economically counter-productive for Italy's agricultural sector as farmers who grew other produce had to clear their land for grain cultivation which decreased exports. This resulted in higher food prices which placed Italian families under financial strain.
Sokrates Starynkiewicz Memorial
The Sokrates Starynkiewicz Memorial (Polish: Pomnik Sokratesa Starynkiewicza) is a monument in Warsaw, Poland, located in the district of Ochota, in the Water Filters complex, near 81 Koszykowa Street. It consists of a bust depicting Sokrates Starynkiewicz, a 19th-century military officer and statesman, who was the mayor of Warsaw from 1875 and 1892. It was originally designed by Jan Woydyga, and unveiled in 1907. It was destroyed in 1944 during the Second World War, and its replica was unveiled in 1996.

Lindley Filters
Lindley Filters (Polish: Filtry Lindleya) is one of three Warsaw waterworks, and is located in Ochota between Koszykowa, Krzywickiego, Filtrowa and Raszyńska streets. The waterworks was finished in 1886 using William Lindley's design. Since 1973, Warsaw Filters has been on the antiquities list.
Franklin-1 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Franklin-1 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Franklin-1 District includes all of the Franklin County towns of Fairfax and Georgia.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Franklin-1 District had a population of 8,140 in that same census, 0.27% above the state average.

Vermont House of Representatives districts
Vermont's state House of Representatives consists of 150 members elected from 108 single or two-member districts as provided for in the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. census.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4059 residents per representative.
Jasrana Assembly constituency
Jasrana  Assembly constituency is  one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly,  India. It is a part of the Firozabad district and  one of the five assembly constituencies in the Firozabad Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1952 after the "DPACO (1951)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1951. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order " was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 96.

Firozabad district
Firozabad district (Hindustani pronunciation: [fɪɾoːzaːbaːd̪]) is one of the western districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which has Firozabad city as its district headquarters. Administratively, the district is a part of the Agra division.
Ashdon
Ashdon, is a village and civil parish in Essex, England. It is about 4 miles (6 km) north-east of Saffron Walden and 23 miles (37 km) northwest from the county town of Chelmsford. The village is in the district of Uttlesford and the parliamentary constituency of Saffron Walden. It has its own Parish Council. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 900.

Saffron Walden
Saffron Walden is a market town and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England, 12 miles (19 km) north of Bishop's Stortford, 15 miles (24 km) south of Cambridge and 43 miles (69 km) north of London. It retains a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period. As well as the town itself, the parish also includes Little Walden and Audley End. At the 2021 census, the built up area had a population of 16,610, and the parish had a population of 17,022.
2011–12 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking
The 2011–12 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking are the World Standings and Season's World Ranking published by the International Skating Union (ISU) during the 2011–12 season.

The 2011–12 ISU World Standings for single & pair skating and ice dance, are taking into account results of the 2009–10, 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons.

The 2011–12 ISU Season's World Ranking is based on the results of the 2011–12 season only.

The 2011–12 ISU World standings for synchronized skating, are based on the results of the 2009–10, 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons.

ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking
The ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking are the objective merit-based method used by the International Skating Union (ISU) for single & pair skating and ice dance, as well as synchronized skating. Only eligible skaters/teams will be considered in the ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking.

Skaters/teams receive points based on their final placement at an event and the event's weight over the current and preceding two seasons. The ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking are updated after each eligible events. At the end of the current season, the points from the earliest season are deleted. If pairs and ice dance couples officially split up, their partnership will be removed from the Standings and Ranking. When a skater officially announces his or her retirement from competition, the standing and rank of the skater will be removed.
Tetrachloroethylene oxide
Tetrachloroethylene oxide, perchloroethylene oxide (PCEO) or tetrachlorooxirane, is the perchlorinated analogue of ethylene oxide and a proposed metabolite of tetrachloroethylene. It is a halogenated epoxide with the formula C2Cl4O. Tetrachloroethylene oxide is fairly stable but rearranges to trichloroacetyl chloride at higher temperatures.

Epoxide
In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen.  This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly reactive, more so than other ethers.  They are produced on a large scale for many applications.  In general, low molecular weight epoxides are colourless and nonpolar, and often volatile.
25th Wisconsin Legislature
The Twenty-Fifth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 10, 1872, to March 26, 1872, in regular session.

This was the first legislative session after the redistricting of the Senate and Assembly according to an act of the previous session.

Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 7, 1871. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 8, 1870.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Cadwallader C. Washburn, of La Crosse County, serving the first year of a two-year term, having won election in the 1871 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.

24th Wisconsin Legislature
The Twenty-Fourth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 11, 1871, to March 25, 1871, in regular session.

Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 8, 1870. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 2, 1869.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Republican Lucius Fairchild, of Dane County, serving the second year of his third two-year term, having won re-election in the 1869 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.
Chapati
Chapati (alternatively spelled chapathi; pronounced as IAST: capātī, capāṭī, cāpāṭi), also known as roti, ruti, rotti, rooti, rotee, rotli,  rotta, safati, shabaati, phulka,  chapo (in East Africa), sada roti (in the Caribbean), poli (in Marathi), and roshi (in the Maldives), is an unleavened flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent and is a staple in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, and the Caribbean. Chapatis are made of whole-wheat flour known as atta, mixed into dough with water, oil (optional), and salt (optional) in a mixing utensil called a parat, and are cooked on a tava (flat skillet).

They were introduced to East Africa by trade and immigration, particularly by Indian merchants.

Roti
Roti is a round flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is commonly consumed in many South Asian, Southeast Asian, Caribbean, East African, and Southeast African countries.

It is made from stoneground whole-wheat flour, known as atta, combined into a dough with added water. Its defining characteristic is that it is unleavened. Naan from the Indian subcontinent, by contrast, is a yeast-leavened bread, as is kulcha. Like breads around the world, roti is a staple accompaniment to other foods.
Amami Ōshima language
The Amami language or languages (島口, シマユムタ, Shimayumuta), also known as Amami Ōshima or simply Ōshima ('Big Island'), is a Ryukyuan language spoken in the Amami Islands south of Kyūshū. The southern variety of the Setouchi township may be a distinct language more closely related to Okinawan than it is to northern Ōshima.

As Amami does not have recognition within Japan as a language, it is officially known as the Amami dialect (奄美方言, Amami Hōgen).

Setouchi, Kagoshima
Setouchi (瀬戸内町, Setouchi-chō) is a town located primarily on Amami Ōshima, in Ōshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 1 October 2020, the town had an estimated population of 8,546 and a population density of 35.62 persons per km². The total area was 239.91 km².
Austro-Daimler artillery tractors
Immediately before World War I, Austro-Daimler constructed several series of the first petrol-engined four-wheel drive artillery tractors. These were some of the first commercially successful vehicles for both the Austro-Daimler company and their designer Ferdinand Porsche.

Artillery tractor
An artillery tractor, also referred to as a gun tractor, is a specialized heavy-duty form of tractor unit used to tow artillery pieces of varying weights and calibres.  It may be wheeled, tracked, or half-tracked.
William Henry Bailey
William Henry Bailey (January 22, 1831 – August 17, 1908) was an American author, lawyer, and politician. He was the North Carolina Attorney General and served in the North Carolina General Assembly. He co-founded and taught law at the Bailey Law School.

North Carolina Attorney General
The attorney general of North Carolina is a statewide elected office in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The attorney general is a constitutional officer responsible for representing state agencies in legal matters, supplying other state officials and prosecutors with legal advice, and leading the North Carolina Department of Justice. The incumbent attorney general, Jeff Jackson, assumed office on January 1, 2025. The position of attorney general dates back to North Carolina's colonial history. North Carolina's 1776 constitution established the office as an official appointed by the North Carolina General Assembly. The state's 1868 constitution made the attorney general an elected executive official with their duties prescribed by law. Since 1971, the officer has sat on the North Carolina Council of State.
Wei-Shou Hu
Wei-Shou Hu (Chinese: 胡維碩; born November 5, 1951) is a Taiwanese biochemical engineer who is the Distinguished McKnight University Professor of Chemical Engineering and Material Science at the University of Minnesota.

Biochemical engineering
Biochemical engineering, also known as bioprocess engineering, is a field of study with roots stemming from chemical engineering and biological engineering. It mainly deals with the design, construction, and advancement of unit processes that involve biological organisms (such as fermentation) or organic molecules (often enzymes) and has various applications in areas of interest such as biofuels, food, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and water treatment processes. The role of a biochemical engineer is to take findings developed by biologists and chemists in a laboratory and translate that to a large-scale manufacturing process.
The Undying (book)
The Undying: Pain, Vulnerability, Mortality, Medicine, Art, Time, Dreams, Data, Exhaustion, Cancer, and Care is a 2019 memoir by the American author, poet, and essayist Anne Boyer. The book chronicles Boyer's experience as a breast cancer patient. Boyer takes an untraditional approach to the standard illness narrative, by weaving together her personal journey as a patient in treatment with reflections on art and literature, and critiques of capitalism and the medical industry.

The book won the 2020 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction, and was a finalist for the PEN America's Jean Stein Book Award. The Pulitzer committee described the book as "an elegant and unforgettable narrative about the brutality of illness and the capitalism of cancer care in America."

Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction
The Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are awarded annually for the "Letters, Drama, and Music" category. The award is given to a nonfiction book written by an American author and published during the preceding calendar year that is ineligible for any other Pulitzer Prize. The Prize has been awarded since 1962; beginning in 1980, one to three finalists have been announced alongside the winner.
Eaton River
The Eaton River is a tributary of the Saint-François River which is a sub-tributary of the Saint Lawrence River. The Eaton River successively crosses the municipalities of Saint-Isidore-d'Auckland, Newport, Sawyerville, Cookshire-Eaton and East Angus. These municipalities are located in the Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Estrie, in the south of Quebec, in Canada.

Cookshire-Eaton
Cookshire-Eaton is a city in the Estrie region of Quebec. It is the seat of Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality. Sherbrooke Airport is located there.

As part of the 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec, on 24 July 2002 the city of Cookshire, the municipality of Newport and the township of Eaton were merged to form Cookshire-Eaton; prior to this, on 25 April 2001, the village of Sawyerville had merged with Eaton. After a 2004 referendum, however, Newport de-merged and was reconstituted as an independent municipality as of 1 January 2006.  Nevertheless, Newport and Cookshire-Eaton both remain part of the urban agglomeration of Cookshire-Eaton.

The community had a population of 5,171 in the Canada 2011 Census.
Sushital Ray Chowdhury
Sushital Ray Chowdhary (16 February 1917 – 13 March 1971) was an Indian Communist intellectual and founder member of  Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). He was the editor of the organs of the CPI, CPI(M) and CPI(ML). He eventually fell out with the mainstream Charu Majumdar group and died of a heart attack in March, 1971.

Charu Majumdar
Charu Majumdar (15 May 1918 – 28 July 1972) was an Indian communist leader, and founder and General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). Born into a landlord family in Siliguri in 1918, he became a Communist during the Indian independence movement, and later formed Naxalism. During this period, he authored the historic accounts of the 1967 Naxalbari uprising. His writings, particularly the Historic Eight Documents, have become part of the ideology of a number of Communism-aligned political parties in India.
The Death of Balder
The Death of Balder (Danish: Balders død) is an 1817 oil-on-canvas painting by Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, depicting the well-known, eponymous legend from Norse mythology in which Balder is killed by a mistletoe arrow. Eckersberg's admission painting for admission into the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts' Academy Council, it now hangs in Charlottenborg Palace on Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen.

Baldr
Baldr (Old Norse  also Balder, Baldur) is a god in Germanic mythology. In Norse mythology, he is a son of the god Odin and the goddess Frigg, and has numerous brothers, such as Thor and Váli. In wider Germanic mythology, the god was known in Old English as Bældæġ, and in Old High German as Balder, all ultimately stemming from the Proto-Germanic theonym *Balðraz ('hero' or 'prince').

During the 12th century, Danish accounts by Saxo Grammaticus and other Danish Latin chroniclers recorded a euhemerized account of his story. Compiled in Iceland during the 13th century, but based on older Old Norse poetry, the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda contain numerous references to the death of Baldr as both a great tragedy to the Æsir and a harbinger of Ragnarök.

According to Gylfaginning, a book of Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda, Baldr's wife is Nanna and their son is Forseti. Baldr had the greatest ship ever built, Hringhorni, and there is no place more beautiful than his hall, Breidablik.
Algiers–Skikda railway
The Algiers–Skikda railway is one of the two trunk lines in the Algerian railway network, the other being the Algiers–Oran railway. The line hosts passenger services connecting Algiers station with either Annaba or Constantine, the two largest cities in eastern Algeria. The first segment of the line connected Constantine to the port of Skikda and opened on September 1, 1870, remaining isolated from the remainder of the Algerian network until the opening of the Algiers–Constantine section in 1879 and further extensions on November 3, 1886.

Algiers–Oran railway
The Algiers–Oran railway is one of the major components of the Algerian railway network. It links Algiers station with Oran. The first segment of the line, connecting Algiers with Blida opened on September 8, 1862 and was extended to Oran on May 1, 1871.

The National Company for Rail Transport is converting the entirety of the line to a double-track line.