hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Somers Affair
The Somers Affair was an incident involving the American brig USS Somers during a training mission in 1842 under Captain Alexander Slidell Mackenzie (1803-1848). Midshipman Philip Spencer (1823-1842) was accused of plotting to overthrow Mackenzie and use the Somers for piracy. Spencer was arrested and executed, along with two other alleged co-conspirators, Samuel Cromwell and Elisha Small, when the ship was just thirteen days away from shore. The three were hanged without a court-martial after the ship's officers agreed with Mackenzie's judgment. The Somers then returned to New York. An official inquiry and a court martial both cleared Mackenzie. There was enormous public attention, most of it unfavorable to Mackenzie, but he remained in the Navy until his death.

The case is particularly notable since Philip Spencer was the son of Secretary of War John C. Spencer.

Samuel Cromwell
Samuel Cromwell (died December 1, 1842) was a sailor and petty officer (boatswain's mate) aboard the brig USS Somers. Cromwell was feared by the young apprentices who made up the majority of the ship's crew, and was rumored to have served on a slaver at one time. These rumors lent credence to the idea that he would have been amenable to Philip Spencer's alleged plot to mutiny, kill the ship's officers and such of the crew as were not wanted and sail the Somers either as a pirate ship or a slaver.

On the homeward leg of a voyage to Liberia, Cromwell was put in irons a few days after Spencer and Elisha Small, another sailor rumored to have been part of a slave ship's crew. After a meeting of the officers concluded that a mutinous plot existed, all three men were hanged without a court-martial.
Bendigo City FC
Bendigo City FC is the elite football club based in Bendigo, Australia. Bendigo City plays out of the Epsom Huntly Recreation Reserve soccer complex and holds an NPL (National Premier League) licence for junior boys, a CPL (Community Premier League) licence for junior girls, whilst the senior mens teams play in the Men's State Leagues. As of 2025, the club has never had a senior womens team.

Ballarat City FC
Ballarat City FC is an Australian semi-professional association football club based in Ballarat, Victoria. For most of its history, the club's home ground was Trekardo Park, before making the move to the Ballarat Regional Soccer Facility in 2014.

After the 2016 National Premier Leagues Victoria 2 season, the club members voted to reform the club from Ballarat Red Devils to Ballarat City, a move sanctioned by the Football Federation Victoria as they transferred the club's NPLV licence to the new entity.
Space One
SPACE ONE CO., LTD. (Japanese: スペースワン株式会社, Hepburn: Supēsuwan Kabushikigaisha; Corporate Number: 8010401132607), or Space One (スペースワン), is a Japanese aerospace manufacturer, orbital launch service provider, and spaceport operator. It is a private spaceflight company developing and operating the KAIROS orbital launch vehicle for small satellite launches; KAIROS flew its unsuccessful maiden flight in March 2024. The company was founded by investments from Canon Electronics (a listed subsidiary of Canon), IHI Aerospace (a subsidiary of IHI Corporation), Shimizu Corporation and the Development Bank of Japan in July 2018.

Small satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.  Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay.  Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.
Supponids
The Supponids were a Frankish noble family of prominence in the Carolingian regnum Italicum in the ninth century. They were descended from Suppo I, who appeared for the first time in 817 as a strong ally of the Emperor Louis the Pious. He and his descendants were on and off dukes of Spoleto, commonly in opposition to the Guideschi clan, another Frankish family powerful in central Italy.

Suppo I
Suppo I (or Suppone) (died 5 March 824) was a Frankish nobleman who held lands in the Kingdom of Italy in the early ninth century.

In 817, he was made Count of Brescia, Parma, Piacenza, Modena, and Bergamo. He was also made a missus dominicus, along with the Brescian bishop Ratald, for Italy. In 818, he was instrumental in putting down the rebellion of Bernard against Emperor Louis the Pious. In 822, after the abdication and death of Duke Winigis, Suppo was created Duke of Spoleto by the grateful emperor and he passed Brescia to his son Mauring. Suppo's death was recorded by Einhard and Spoleto went to Adelard, who died within five months, leaving the duchy to Mauring.

Suppo probably had a Lombard wife, for his second son was named Adelchis.
Godunov's theorem
In numerical analysis and computational fluid dynamics, Godunov's theorem — also known as Godunov's order barrier theorem — is a mathematical theorem important in the development of the theory of high-resolution schemes for the numerical solution of partial differential equations.

The theorem states that:

Professor Sergei Godunov originally proved the theorem as a Ph.D. student at Moscow State University. It is his most influential work in the area of applied and numerical mathematics and has had a major impact on science and engineering, particularly in the development of methods used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and other computational fields. One of his major contributions was to prove the theorem (Godunov, 1954; Godunov, 1959), that bears his name.

Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition
In mathematics, the convergence condition by Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) is a necessary condition for convergence while solving certain partial differential equations (usually hyperbolic PDEs) numerically. It arises in the numerical analysis of explicit time integration schemes, when these are used for the numerical solution. As a consequence, the time step must be less than a certain upper bound, given a fixed spatial increment, in many explicit time-marching computer simulations;  otherwise, the simulation produces incorrect or unstable results. The condition is named after Richard Courant, Kurt Friedrichs, and Hans Lewy who described it in their 1928 paper.
Women's Qatar Classic 2015
The Women's Qatar Classic 2015 is the women's edition of the 2015 Qatar Classic, a squash tournament which is a PSA World Series event ($115,000 prize money). The event took place in Doha from 31 October to 6 November. Laura Massaro won her first Qatar Classic trophy, beating Nour El Sherbini in the final.

2015–16 PSA World Series
The PSA World Series 2015–16 is a series of men's and women's squash tournaments which are part of the Professional Squash Association (PSA) World Tour for the end of the 2015 and the start of the 2016 squash season. The PSA World Series tournaments are some of the most prestigious events on the men's and women's tour. The best-performing players in the World Series events qualify for the annual 2016 Men's PSA World Series Finals and 2016 Women's PSA World Series Finals tournament. Grégory Gaultier won the men's 2016 PSA World Series against Cameron Pilley and Laura Massaro won the women's 2016 PSA World Series against Raneem El Weleily.
Ihlo
Ihlo (/ˈaɪ.loʊ/ EYE-loh; often stylised as IHLO) are a British progressive metal band. The group was formed in 2016 by vocalist/keyboardist Andy Robison, guitarist Phil Monro, and joined soon after by drummer Clark McMenemy. The band have released two studio albums, which combine the use of djent-based riffs with the use of atmospheric synthesizer sounds. They have been part of the Kscope label since 2024.

Djent
Djent (/dʒɛnt/) is a subgenre of progressive metal, termed for an onomatopoeia of the guitar sound that characterizes it. While sources such as The Guardian and Guitar World describe djent as a genre, some notable musicians including Randy Blythe (Lamb of God) and Stephen Carpenter (Deftones) say it is not.
Carnitine biosynthesis
Carnitine biosynthesis is a method for the endogenous production of L-carnitine, a molecule that is essential for energy metabolism. In humans and many other animals, L-carnitine is obtained from both diet and by biosynthesis. The carnitine biosynthesis pathway is highly conserved among many eukaryotes and some prokaryotes.

L-Carnitine is biosynthesized from Nε-trimethyllysine. At least four enzymes are involved in the overall biosynthetic pathway. They are Nε-trimethyllysine hydroxylase, 3-hydroxy-Nε-trimethyllysine aldolase, 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase and γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase.

Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), often just aldolase, is an enzyme catalyzing a reversible reaction that splits the aldol, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Aldolase can also produce DHAP from other (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates such as fructose 1-phosphate and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate. Gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle, which are anabolic pathways,  use the reverse reaction. Glycolysis, a catabolic pathway, uses the forward reaction.  Aldolase is divided into two classes by mechanism.

The word aldolase also refers, more generally, to an enzyme that performs an aldol reaction (creating an aldol) or its reverse (cleaving an aldol), such as Sialic acid aldolase, which forms sialic acid. See the list of aldolases.
Yau Lit
Yau Lit (Chinese: 尢列; pinyin: Yóu Liè; Wade–Giles: Yu Lieh; 1864 – 12 December 1936), born Yau Kwai-bok (尢季博), courtesy name Tui-hau (推孝) or Ling-kwai (令季), or Euclid Yau, was a Chinese revolutionary from Shuntak, Guangdong. He is one of the Four Bandits, together with Sun Yat-sen, Chan Siu-bak and Yeung Hok-ling.

Shunde, Guangdong
Shunde or Shun Tak (from Cantonese) is a district in the city of Foshan, Guangdong, located in the Pearl River Delta of China. It had a population of 2,464,784 as of the 2010 census. Once a traditional agricultural county, it has become one of the most affluent counties in Guangdong and mainland China. Since 2009, Shunde has been administered independently of Foshan city. It is directly accountable to the Guangdong provincial government.
FC Versailles 78
Football Club de Versailles 78 (French: [futbol klœb də vɛʁsaj swasɑ̃t.diz‿ɥit]), also known as FC Versailles, Versailles or simply FCV, is a French semi-professional association football club based in the commune of Versailles, Île-de-France. The club was formed in 1989 as the result of a merger between Racing Club Versailles and Companion Sports Versailles. Their home stadium is the Stade Montbauron, which has a capacity of 7,545 people.

The club won promotion from the 2021–22 Championnat National 2 and now plays in the Championnat National, the third tier of the French football league system. The club is an official academy of the French Football Federation. Since 2024, the club has been partially owned by French Formula One driver Pierre Gasly.

French football league system
The French football league system, also known as the French football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in France and Monaco, and includes one Spanish side. At the top two levels of the system is the Ligue de Football Professionnel, which consists of two professional national divisions, Ligue 1, Ligue 2. Below that are a number of leagues run by the Fédération Française de Football. At level 3 is the semi-professional Championnat National. Below that is the Championnat National 2 (level 4), which is divided into four parallel regional divisions, followed by the Championnat National 3 (level 5), which is divided into eleven parallel regional divisions. Underneath that are many more regional and departmental leagues and divisions. Clubs finishing the season at or near the top of their division may be eligible for promotion to a higher division. Similarly, clubs finishing at or near the bottom of their division may be relegated to a lower division.
Leyden, Colorado
Leyden, Colorado, elevation 5,656 feet (1,724 m) is a small unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Colorado west of Arvada at the junction of West 82nd Avenue and Quaker Street. It is a historic company town established by the Leyden Coal Company in 1902 to house the miners of the Leyden Coal Mine nearby to the west.

Arvada, Colorado
Arvada (/ɑːrˈvædə/) is a home rule city located in Jefferson and Adams counties, Colorado, United States. The city population was 124,402 at the 2020 United States census, with 121,510 residing in Jefferson County and 2,892 in Adams County. Arvada is the seventh most populous city in Colorado. The city is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. The Olde Town Arvada historic district is 7 miles (11 km) northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver.
Queen's Crescent Market
Queen's Crescent Market is an outdoor street market held every Thursday and Saturday on Queen's Crescent in Kentish Town, Camden between the junction with Malden Road in the West and the junction with Grafton Road in the East.  Licences to trade are issued by Camden London Borough Council.

The market sells food, discounted clothing and a wide variety of household products. In 2011, the Camden Council database reported 77 sites.

Many traders run stalls that have been passed from generation to generation. This is in contrast to the much more recent and considerably more famous Camden markets nearby, which primarily attract tourists and those from other parts of London).

Aesthetically Queen's Crescent market is a mixture, with plain white houses sitting side by side with large council estates, some of which sit in landscaped grounds.

Camden London Borough Council
Camden London Borough Council, also known as Camden Council, legally The Mayor and Burgesses of the London Borough of Camden, is the local authority for the London Borough of Camden in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. The council meets at Camden Town Hall and their other premises.
Bipyramid
In geometry, a bipyramid, dipyramid, or double pyramid is a polyhedron formed by fusing two pyramids together base-to-base. The polygonal base of each pyramid must therefore be the same, and unless otherwise specified the base vertices are usually coplanar and a bipyramid is usually symmetric, meaning the two pyramids are mirror images across their common base plane. When each apex (pl. apices, the off-base vertices) of the bipyramid is on a line perpendicular to the base and passing through its center, it is a right bipyramid; otherwise it is oblique. When the base is a regular polygon, the bipyramid is also called regular.

Vertex (geometry)
In geometry, a vertex (pl.: vertices or vertexes), also called a corner, is a point where two or more curves, lines, or line segments meet or intersect. For example, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the point where edges of polygons and polyhedra meet are vertices.
Charles Longley
Charles Thomas Longley (28 July 1794 – 27 October 1868) was a bishop in the Church of England. He served as Headmaster of Harrow School, as inaugural Bishop of Ripon, as Bishop of Durham, as Archbishop of York, and then as Archbishop of Canterbury for six years from 20 October 1862 until his death.

Archbishop of York
The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York, and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.
Lam Yi Young
Lam Yi Young PPA(P) PBS (Chinese: 蓝一洋; pinyin: Lán Yī Yáng; born 1972) is the former Chief Executive Officer of the Singapore Business Federation (SBF) and former Senior Civil Servant. He is also the former Chief Executive of the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA).

Pingat Pentadbiran Awam
The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (English: Public Administration Medal) is a Singaporean decoration instituted in 1963 and has three grades:

Emas (Gold)

Perak (Silver)

Gangsa (Bronze)

The medal may be awarded to any of the following persons for outstanding efficiency, competence and industry:

any person who is or has been a public officer.

any person who is or has been an officer employed by any statutory authority (other than a Town Council).

any person who is or has been in the service of any organisation, association or body rendering services in the field of education.

any person who is or has been employed in any company which is wholly owned by the Government and which is carrying on business mainly as an agent or instrumentality of the Government.

Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PPA, and may include the grade in brackets - e.g.: PPA(E).

The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (Tentera) is the Singapore Armed Forces equivalent award.
Filipe Teixeira
Filipe Andrade Teixeira (Portuguese pronunciation: [tɐjˈʃɐjɾɐ]; born 2 October 1980) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He was regarded as technical and creative, being capable of playing in several midfield positions.

Teixeira started out as a senior at Felgueiras in 1998, and spent the first part of his career with stints between Portugal and France, namely at Istres, Paris Saint-Germain, União Leiria and Académica. He moved to English club West Bromwich Albion in 2007 and also had a loan spell at Barnsley in 2010, before spending his late years in Ukraine, Romania and the United Arab Emirates.

Born in France, Teixeira represented Portugal at under-18, under-20 and under-21 levels. With the former side, he won the UEFA European Championship in 1999.

U.D. Leiria
União Desportiva de Leiria (Portuguese pronunciation: [uniˈɐ̃w dɨ lɐjˈɾiɐ]), commonly known as União de Leiria, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Leiria. Founded on 6 June 1966, it currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home matches at Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, with a 23,888-seat capacity.
Aimé Simard
Aimé Simard (1968 – 18 July 2003) was a Canadian outlaw biker and hitman. He was a member of the Montreal-based Rockers Motor Club, a support club for the Hells Angels. He operated on the side as a contract killer, working for the Hells Angels and other organized crime groups in Canada. He would later turn crown witness and inform on his club. The Rockers operated from 1992/mid-2000s out of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Hells Angels
The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club founded in California whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson motorcycles. In the United States and Canada, the Hells Angels are incorporated as the Hells Angels Motorcycle Corporation. Common nicknames for the club are the "H.A.", "Red & White", and "81". With a membership of over 6,000, and 592 charters in 66 countries, the HAMC is the largest outlaw biker club in the world.

The Hells Angels have a history of involvement in organized crime, such as drug trafficking, and engaging in violent conflict with other outlaw motorcycle clubs. Involvement in organized crime and violence has historically extended to the organization's most senior leadership. Many police and international intelligence agencies, including the United States Department of Justice, the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, the Australian Federal Police, and Europol, consider the club an organized crime syndicate.
Daulat Khan (admiral)
Daulat Khan was the first Naval Admiral or Subhedar of Maratha Navy alongside Maynak Bhandari. Under Shivaji he took part in various Naval expeditions and safeguarded the coast of Maratha Empire.

Under the leadership of Daulat Khan, Marathas won their naval battle against the Portuguese at Satavali in 1659. Alongside Maynak Bhandari he was a leading commander in the Khanderi Campaign of Shivaji. He also battled with the Siddis in 1680 at Mumbai under the reign of Shivaji. After Shivaji's death he continued to serve his son Sambhaji.

Siddi
The Siddi (pronounced [sɪdːiː]), also known as the Sheedi, Sidi, or Siddhi, are an ethnic group living in Pakistan and India. They are primarily descended from the Bantu peoples of the Zanj coast in Southeast Africa, most of whom came to the Indian subcontinent through the Indian Ocean slave trade. Others arrived as merchants, sailors, indentured servants, and mercenaries.
Pedrinho (footballer, born 1992)
Pedro Filipe Barbosa Moreira (born 20 December 1992), known as Pedrinho, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for TFF 1. Lig club Çorum F.K. as a midfielder.

He recorded figures of 117 games and 17 goals in the second tier with Freamunde and Paços de Ferreira, winning the third division title with the former in 2014 and the second with the latter in 2019. He made 148 Primeira Liga appearances for Paços and Gil Vicente, and won the Latvian Higher League during his brief spell at Riga in 2020.

Riga FC
Riga Football Club, commonly referred to as Riga FC, is a Latvian football club, founded in 2014. The club is based at the Skonto Stadium in Riga. Since 2016, the club has been playing in the Virslīga, the highest tier of the Latvian football league system.
UFC on ABC: Holloway vs. Kattar
UFC on ABC: Holloway vs. Kattar  (also known as UFC on ABC 1 and UFC Fight Island 7) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on January 16, 2021, at the Etihad Arena on Yas Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Yas Island
Yas Island (Arabic: جزيرة ياس) is an artificial island in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates named after the Arabian Bani Yas tribe. It has been created through extensive land reclamation. It occupies a total land area of 25 km2 (9.7 sq mi). It is a leisure island and one of the largest tourism projects in Abu Dhabi.

Yas Island holds the Yas Marina Circuit, which has hosted Formula One's Abu Dhabi Grand Prix since 2009. It is also home to Ferrari World park, which contains Formula Rossa, the once fastest rollercoaster in the world.

Yas Island was named the world's leading tourism project at the World Travel Awards in November 2009.
Downing Point Battery
The Downing Point Battery was a World War I coastal gun battery defending the Firth of Forth. The battery was constructed in 1914 at Downing Point, then part of the Earl of Moray's Donibristle Estate. The site is now within the new town of Dalgety Bay in Fife.

Firth of Forth
The Firth of Forth (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is a bay in Scotland, an inlet of the North Sea that separates Fife to its north and Lothian to its south. Further inland, it becomes the estuary of the River Forth and several other rivers.