hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battala
Battala is a highly populated area and a semi industrial neighbourhood in central Serampore of Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). The Battala region was an important center for printing books and Battala Prints.

Serampore
Serampore (also known as Serampur, Srirampur, Srirampore, Shreerampur, Shreerampore, Shrirampur or Shrirampore) is a city in Hooghly district of the Indian state of West Bengal. It serves as the headquarters of the Srirampore subdivision and is part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Located on the west bank of the Hooghly River, it was a pre-colonial city that was part of Danish India under the name Frederiknagore from 1755 to 1845.
Cheng Wei-yuan
Cheng Wei-yuan (traditional Chinese: 鄭為元; simplified Chinese: 郑为元; pinyin: Zhèng Wèiyuán; 20 January 1913 – 3 August 1993) was a Taiwanese politician. He was the only Minister of National Defense (1987-1989) with the complete personal achievements in all the 4 power systems (Kuomintang, Politics, Military and Intelligence) in the ROC history. Being one of the few top-rank KMT generals sympathizing the victims by the Martial Law operation during White Terror and supporting the democratic modernization trend of the state; he kept the open-mind policy of communication to cooperate with the demands of parliament, media and societies, including the subtle relation with the newly founded Democratic Progressive Party.

Ministry of National Defense (Taiwan)
The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China (MND; Chinese: 中華民國國防部; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guófángbù) is the ministry of the Republic of China (ROC), which is now based primarily in the Taiwan Area but formerly governed Mainland China prior to 1949. It is responsible for all defense and military affairs of Taiwan and surrounding area. The MND has been headed by Minister Wellington Koo since 2024.
Joseph O. Butcher
Joseph Orville Butcher (September 16, 1912 – February 15, 1988) was decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps who reached the rank of major general. He spent his career mostly in Quartermaster Department of the Marine Corps beginning in the field assignments during World War II. Butcher later served as commanding general, Marine Corps Supply Center Albany and also Assistant Quartermaster General of the Marine Corps and deputy to Major General Chester R. Allen.

Chester R. Allen
Chester Robinson Allen (February 6, 1905 – April 10, 1972) was decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of major general. He spent his career mostly in Quartermaster Department of the Marine Corps beginning in the field assignments, ultimately reaching the capacity of Quartermaster General of the Marine Corps. He held this office between dates January 1, 1960 – June 30, 1963.
State Highway 11 (New Zealand)
State Highway 11  (SH 11) is a 30 kilometre stretch of highway in the North Island of New Zealand. It links SH 10 at Puketona and SH 1 at Kawakawa. Its main destination is the Bay of Islands township of Paihia. Until 2004, it terminated at Tohitapu Road, in southern Paihia township.

State Highway 1 (New Zealand)
State Highway 1 (SH 1) is the longest and most significant road in the New Zealand road network, running the length of both main islands. It appears on road maps as SH 1 and on road signs as a white number 1 on a red shield, but it has the  official designations SH 1N in the North Island and SH 1S in the South Island.

SH 1 is 2,006 kilometres (1,246 mi) long, 1,074 km (667 mi) in the North Island and 932 km (579 mi) in the South Island. Since 2010 new roads have reduced the length from 2,033 km (1,263 mi). For the majority of its length it is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses, in both rural and urban areas. These sections have some passing lanes. Around 315 km (196 mi) of SH 1 is of motorway or expressway standard as of August 2022: 281 km (175 mi) in the North Island and 34 km (21 mi) in the South Island.
FN EVOLYS
The FN EVOLYS is a light machine gun designed by FN Herstal in 2021, chambered for 5.56×45mm NATO and 7.62×51mm NATO. The EVOLYS was designed to be lighter and more ergonomic than other machine guns, such as the FN Minimi.

FN Minimi
The FN Minimi (short for French: mini-mitrailleuse; "mini machine gun") is a Belgian 5.56mm or 7.62mm light machine gun, also classified as a squad automatic weapon developed by Ernest Vervier for FN Herstal. Introduced in the late 1970s, it is in service in more than 75 countries. The weapon is manufactured at the FN facility in Herstal and their U.S. subsidiary FN Manufacturing LLC.

The Minimi fires from an open bolt. It is an air-cooled, gas operated long-stroke piston weapon that is capable of fully automatic fire only. It can be belt fed or fired from a magazine. The Minimi is configured in several variants: the Standard model as a platoon or squad support weapon, the shortened Para version for paratroopers and the Vehicle model as secondary armament for fighting vehicles.
Lok Priya Devi
Lok Priya Devi (Nepali: लोकप्रियादेवी; 1898–1960) was a Nepalese poet. In 2014, she was recognised as one of the women who contributed to the arena of Nepali literature, art, and politics. She is the sister of Laxmi Prasad Devkota, the nation's most adored poet.

Laxmi Prasad Devkota
Laxmi Prasad Devkota (Nepali: लक्ष्मीप्रसाद देवकोटा, 12 November 1909 – 14 September 1959) was a Nepalese poet, playwright, novelist, and politician. Honored with the title of Mahakabi (Nepali: महाकवि, lit. 'Greatest poet') in Nepali literature, he was known as a poet with a golden heart, and is considered one of the most famous literary figures in Nepal. Some of his popular works include Muna Madan, Sulochana, Kunjini, Bhikhari, and Shakuntala.
7-Hydroxytryptophan
7-Hydroxytryptophan (7-HTP) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid.  It is also a 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) positional isomer, a L-tryptophan derivative, structurally belonging to the hydroxytryptophan family, and a substituted tryptophan with a hydroxyl group at position 7 of the indole ring.  It is not a precursor of serotonin. 7-Hydroxytryptophan is a metabolite detected in human urine.

It has been investigated for its role as a precursor in melanin-related oxidative processes.

7-Hydroxytryptophan is found in human urine, but its formation pathway in the body is unknown.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
ISO/IEC 27701
ISO/IEC 27701 is an international standard for privacy information management systems (PIMS) published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In October 2025, ISO/IEC 27701 was revised into a stand‑alone standard that can be implemented and certified independently of ISO/IEC 27001, replacing the original 2019 edition that functioned as an extension to ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 27002.

The 2025 edition aligns with the latest ISO/IEC 27001:2022 and ISO/IEC 27002:2022 structures while introducing a full set of management system clauses (4–10) specific to privacy, consolidating and updating annexes, and expanding guidance to address areas such as cloud services, AI‑related processing, IoT, biometrics and health data.

ISO/IEC 27001
ISO/IEC 27001 is an information security standard. It specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS). Organizations with an ISMS that meet the standard's requirements can choose to have it certified by an accredited certification body following successful completion of an audit. There are also numerous recognized national variants of the standard.

It was originally published jointly by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2005, with revisions in 2013 and 2022.
Elizabeth Willis
Elizabeth Willis (born April 28, 1961, Bahrain) is an American poet and literary critic.  She currently serves as Professor of Poetry at the Iowa Writers' Workshop. Willis has won several awards for her poetry including the National Poetry Series and the Guggenheim Fellowship.  Susan Howe has called Elizabeth Willis "an exceptional poet, one of the most outstanding of her generation."

Susan Howe
Susan Howe (born June 10, 1937) is an American poet, scholar, essayist, and critic, who has been closely associated with the Language poets, among other poetry movements. Her work is often classified as Postmodern because it expands traditional notions of genre (fiction, essay, prose and poetry). Many of Howe's books are layered with historical, mythical, and other references, often presented in an unorthodox format. Her work contains lyrical echoes of sound, and yet is not pinned down by a consistent metrical pattern or a conventional poetic rhyme scheme.

Howe received the 2017 Robert Frost Medal awarded by the Poetry Society of America, and the 2011 Bollingen Prize in American Poetry. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Milford Parkway (Connecticut)
The Milford Parkway, officially the Daniel S. Wasson Connector, is a controlled-access parkway between I-95 and U.S. Route 1 and the Merritt and Wilbur Cross Parkways (Route 15) in Milford, New Haven County, Connecticut. The highway is officially designated by the Connecticut Department of Transportation as State Road 796 (SR 796) but is not signed as such. As a designated scenic road, the Milford Parkway is closed to commercial vehicles.

In 2012, the Milford Parkway had an average daily traffic count of 58,800 vehicles in the northbound direction.

U.S. Route 1 in Connecticut
U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in the U.S. state of Connecticut is a major east–west U.S. Route along Long Island Sound. It has been replaced by Interstate 95 (I-95) as a through route, which it closely parallels, and now primarily serves as a local business route. Despite its largely east–west orientation, it is part of a north–south route and is mostly signed north–south.

Most of US 1 through Connecticut encompasses its predecessor, the Boston Post Road, and, in many towns, it is still named Boston Post Road (or Post Road).
Dutch Bantam
The Dutch Bantam (Dutch: Hollandse Kriel) is a breed of bantam chicken originating in the Netherlands. It is a true bantam, a naturally small bird with no related large fowl from which it was miniaturized.: 136  It is kept mainly for exhibition, and has been bred in many color varieties; it is a good layer of small eggs.: 45

Bantam (poultry)
A bantam is any small variety of fowl, usually of chicken or duck. Most large chicken breeds and several breeds of duck have a bantam counterpart, which is much smaller than the standard-sized fowl, but otherwise similar in most or all respects. A true bantam chicken is naturally small and has no large counterpart.
Mauro Gambetti
Mauro Gambetti OFM Conv. (born 27 October 1965) is an Italian Catholic prelate who has served as archpriest of Saint Peter's Basilica, Vicar General for the Vatican City State, and president of the Fabric of Saint Peter since 2021. He was consecrated a titular archbishop on 22 November 2020 just before Pope Francis raised him to the rank of cardinal on 28 November 2020.

A member of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual since 1992, Gambetti held senior leadership positions in the order beginning in 2009 and served as General Custos of the Sacred Convent of Saint Francis in Assisi from 2013 to 2020.

Order of Friars Minor Conventual
The Order of Friars Minor Conventual (O.F.M. Conv.) is a male religious fraternity in the Catholic Church and a branch of the Franciscan Order.  Conventual Franciscan Friars are identified by the affix O.F.M. Conv. after their names. They are also known as Conventual Franciscans or Minorites.

The Conventual Franciscan Friars have worldwide provinces that date to the 13th century. They dress in black or grey habits with white cords. Many friars engage in such ministries as teaching, parish ministry and service to the poor.
SEIDO
Subprocuraduría Especializada en Investigación de Delincuencia Organizada, 'Assistant Attorney General's Office for Special Investigations on Organized Crime'(SEIDO), is the organized crime division of Mexico's Office of the Attorney General.

In October 2012, the organization changed its name from SIEDO to SEIDO.

Attorney General of Mexico
The Attorney General of the Republic is the head of the Attorney General's Office (Fiscalía General de la República, FGR; prior to 2019, Procuraduría General de la República, PGR) and the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office of the United Mexican States, an institution belonging to the Federal Government's constitutional autonomous organism that is responsible for the investigation and prosecution of federal crimes.

The office is governed mainly by article 102 of the 1917 Constitution and the Organic Law of the Attorney General's Office (Ley Orgánica de la Fiscalía General de la República).
Olympus E-500
The Olympus E-500 (Olympus EVOLT E-500 in North America) is an 8-megapixel digital SLR camera manufactured by Olympus of Japan and based on the Four Thirds System. It was announced on 26 September 2005. Like the E-300 launched the previous year, it uses a Full Frame Transfer (17.3 x 13 mm) Kodak KAF-8300CE CCD imaging chip.

Olympus E-300
The Olympus E-300 (Olympus Evolt E-300 in North America) is an 8-megapixel digital SLR manufactured by Olympus of Japan and based on the Four Thirds System. Announced at photokina 2004, it became available at the end of 2004. It was the second camera (after the Olympus E-1) to use the Four Thirds System, and the first intended for the consumer market.
Stiphodon
Stiphodon is a genus of freshwater gobies. They inhabit swift, clear streams close to the sea and are found in large parts of Asia and Oceania. Many of the 36 currently recognized species have extremely restricted distributions on single islands or even single streams. These are small gobies with bodies squarish in cross section. A female of Stiphodon multisquamus with a standard length of 60.4mm is the largest Stiphodon individual on record. Males of Stiphodon species are often vividly colored and a few species are occasionally sold in the aquarium trade, including Stiphodon ornatus, Stiphodon atropurpureus, Stiphodon maculidorsalis, Stiphodon semoni, and Stiphodon surrufus.

Stiphodon multisquamus
Stiphodon multisquamus is a species of amphidromous freshwater goby found in Da Nang, Guangdong, southern Hainan, Okinawa Island and Pulau Tioman. This species can reach a length of 6.4 centimetres (2.5 in) SL represent the largest known members of the genus.

Colour of live males variable. Body and fin markings similar to those of preserved specimens, but background yellowish grey to purplish; lateral sides of head yellowish grey to grey, often bluish. The female is more sombrely marked and is less easy to identify.
1984 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1984 U.S. Open was the 84th U.S. Open, held June 14–18 at Winged Foot Golf Club in Mamaroneck, New York, a suburb northeast of New York City. Fuzzy Zoeller defeated Greg Norman in an 18-hole playoff to win his first U.S. Open title and second major championship.

Arnold Palmer failed to qualify for this U.S. Open, snapping a streak of 31 consecutive Opens played, which began in 1953. The 1960 champion played in one more, at Oakmont in 1994.

This was the fourth U.S. Open at Winged Foot's West Course; it previously hosted in 1929, 1959, and 1974. It later hosted the PGA Championship in 1997 and the U.S. Open in 2006 and 2020.

1974 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1974 U.S. Open was the 74th U.S. Open, held June 13–16 at Winged Foot Golf Club in Mamaroneck, New York, a suburb northeast of New York City. In what became known as the "Massacre at Winged Foot," Hale Irwin's score of 287 (+7) was good enough for the first of his three U.S. Open titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up Forrest Fezler.
Ramkumar
Ramkumar is an Indian actor and film producer known for his work in Kannada cinema also appeared in few Tamil and Telugu films, He made his acting debut in Peraala's 1990 action film Aavesha. The same year, he played a small role in Rajendra Singh Babu's Muthina Haara (1990). With his good looks, he was considered one of the "chocolate heroes" of the 1990s. As of 2013, Ramkumar has acted in over 40 Kannada feature films. His acting skills are well-appreciated. He has produced the film Pandavaru (2006) in which he has acted as well.

Rajendra Singh Babu
Shankar Singh Veera Rajendra Singh popularly known as S. V. Rajendra Singh Babu (born 22 October 1952) is an Indian filmmaker and occasional actor who works primarily in Kannada cinema. He was born and brought up in Mysore. His father Shankar Singh produced many films under the banner Mahatma Pictures (Mysore). Babu has written directed movies of different genres in Kannada and in Hindi that include love stories, war, suspense thrillers and comedy movies. Many of his films have been adapted from novels or short stories. Babu has won numerous awards for his films. His sister is producer and actress Vijayalakshmi Singh, and brother-in-law, actor Jai Jagadish.

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/four-filmmakers-asked-to-pay-up-rs-20-cr-dues-to-financier-idbi-bank/articleshow/44797405.cms
Pennine Cycleway
The Pennine Cycleway is a Sustrans-sponsored route in the Pennines range in northern England, an area often called the "backbone of England". The route passes through the counties of Derbyshire, West Yorkshire, Lancashire, North Yorkshire, Cumbria and Northumberland. It is part of the National Cycle Network (NCN). Sustrans founder John Grimshaw calls it 'the best National Cycle Network route of the lot'.

The majority of the route follows NCN 68. It also makes use of several other NCN routes including 6, 54, 62, 70, 7, 72 and 1.

It has a total length of about 327 miles (526 km). The route was opened in stages in 2002–03.

National Cycle Route 1
National Cycle Route 1 (or NCR 1) is a route of the United Kingdom National Cycle Network, running from Dover to Tain. The 1,264 mi-long (2,034-kilometre) cycle-path runs the length of the east coast, passing through London and Edinburgh.
George Lawrence Stone
George Lawrence Stone (1886–1967) was an American drummer and author.

He wrote the books Stick Control for the Snare Drummer (1935) and Accents and Rebounds for the Snare Drummer (1961). Among his students were Joe Morello, Gene Krupa, Lionel Hampton, and Vic Firth.

Lionel Hampton
Lionel Leo Hampton (April 20, 1908 – August 31, 2002) was an American jazz vibraphonist, percussionist, and bandleader. He worked with jazz musicians from Teddy Wilson, Benny Goodman, and Buddy Rich, to Charlie Parker, Charles Mingus, and Quincy Jones. In 1992, he was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame, and he was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1996.

Hampton was a member of the executive committee of the Writers and Artists for Peace in the Middle East, a pro-Israel group. In 1984, he signed a letter protesting German arms sales to Saudi Arabia.
Siege of Kalat (1839)
The siege of Kalat was a military campaign against the Khanate of Kalat led by the British during the First Anglo-Afghan War.

The fortress of Khelat, held by a Baluchi tribal chief, threatened communications with India through the Bolan Pass. The unfriendly Baluchi tribes had harassed and attacked British convoys and killed officers and camp followers alike during the First Anglo-Afghan War. As retaliation, the Bombay Column stormed the fortress on 13 November 1839 on its way back to India.

First Anglo-Afghan War
The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the British Empire and the Emirate of Kabul from 1838 to 1842. The British initially successfully invaded the country taking sides in a succession dispute between emir Dost Mohammad Khan (Barakzai) and former King Shah Shujah (Durrani), whom they reinstalled upon occupying Kabul in August 1839. The main British Indian force occupied Kabul and endured harsh winters. The force and its camp followers were almost completely massacred during its 1842 retreat from Kabul.

The British then sent what was widely termed an "Army of Retribution" to Kabul to avenge the destruction of the previous forces. After recovering prisoners, they left Afghanistan by the end of the year. Dost Mohammed returned from exile in India to resume his rule.

It was one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in Central Asia between Britain and Russia.
George Washington Watts
George Washington Watts (18 August 1851 – 7 March 1921) was an American manufacturer, financier and philanthropist. Alongside James B. Duke, he co-founded the American Tobacco Company. He also founded Watts Hospital, which was the first hospital in Durham, North Carolina, and prompted the establishment of Duke University.

James Buchanan Duke
James Buchanan Duke (December 23, 1856 – October 10, 1925) was an American tobacco and electric power industrialist best known for the invention of modern cigarette manufacture and marketing techniques, and his involvement with Duke University. He was the founder of the American Tobacco Company in 1890.
Avenue A (Manhattan)
Avenue A is a north–south avenue located in Manhattan, New York City, east of First Avenue and west of Avenue B. It runs from Houston Street to 14th Street, where it continues into a loop road in Stuyvesant Town, connecting to Avenue B. Below Houston Street, Avenue A continues as Essex Street.

It is considered to be the western border of Alphabet City in the East Village. It is also the western border of Tompkins Square Park.

First Avenue (Manhattan)
First Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan, running from Houston Street northbound to 127th Street. At 125th Street, most traffic continues onto the Willis Avenue Bridge over the Harlem River, which continues into the Bronx. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Allen Street south to Division Street. Traffic on First Avenue runs northbound (uptown) only.
Bocas del Toro Creole
Bocas del Toro Patois, or Panamanian Patois English, is a dialect of Jamaican Patois, an English-based creole, spoken in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. It is similar to Central American varieties such as Limonese Creole. It does not have the status of an official language. It was pejoratively known as "guari-guari."

English-based creole languages
An English-based creole language (often shortened to English creole) is a creole language for which English was the lexifier, meaning that at the time of its formation the vocabulary of English served as the basis for the majority of the creole's lexicon. Most English creoles were formed in British colonies, following the great expansion of British naval military power and trade in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. The main categories of English-based creoles are Atlantic (the Americas and Africa) and Pacific (Asia and Oceania).

Over 76.5 million people globally are estimated to speak an English-based creole. Sierra Leone, Malaysia, Nigeria, Ghana, Jamaica and Singapore have the largest concentrations of creole speakers.