hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hajji Muhammad (Golden Horde)
Hajji Muhammad (Turki/Kypchak and Persian: حاجی محمد) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1419 to 1423. The evidence on his reign in this confused period of civil war is limited; moreover, his name invites confusion with several contemporaries in both the medieval sources and more modern treatments; the other Muḥammads include Ulugh Muḥammad, Muḥammad Barāq, Kūchuk Muḥammad son of Tokhtamysh, and Küchük Muḥammad son of Tīmūr. In retrospect, Ḥājjī Muḥammad is significant as a precursor and ancestor of the khans of Sibir.

Barak Khan
Barak (Turki/Kypchak and Persian: براق خان; died 1429) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1423 to 1429. His father was Quyurchuq, the son of Urus Khan, who was a descendant of Tuqa-Timur, the son of Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan.

Barak took support from Ulugh Beg, the Timurid emir, and in 1422 he dethroned Kepek, Ulugh Muhammad as well as Dawlat Berdi, khans of the Golden Horde. And Barak Khan reoccupied Sighnak from the Timurids. However, he was defeated in 1427 by Ulugh Muhammad and was promptly assassinated by Jochi's descendant, Mohammed, who claimed the steppe between the Ural and Syr Darya rivers for his dynasty.

In the 1460s, Barak’s son Janibek rebelled against Abu'l-Khayr Khan and he, along with Kerei, immigrated to the environs of Jeti Su (Seven Rivers) and  established the Kazakh Khanate.
Yeneen
Yeneen is an extinct genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs known from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian age) Bajo de la Carpa Formation of Argentina. The genus contains a single species, Yeneen houssayi, known from at least one partial skeleton. Its discovery highlights the diversity of titanosaurs in this formation, which also includes Bonitasaura, Inawentu, Overosaurus, Rinconsaurus, and Traukutitan.

Overosaurus
Overosaurus (meaning "Overo lizard", after the Cerro Overo locality) is an extinct genus of sauropod dinosaurs, containing only a single species, Overosaurus paradasorum. This species lived approximately 86 to 84 million years ago during the latter part of the Cretaceous Period in what is now Patagonia (in southern Argentina). Overosaurus paradasorum was relatively small compared to other sauropods from Patagonia, like the saltasaurids and other aeolosaurines, estimated as approximately 10 m (33 ft). It was a ground-dwelling herbivore.
Merlin's Wood
Merlin's Wood; or, The Vision of Magic is a short novel by British writer Robert Holdstock, first published in the United Kingdom in 1994. The novel is considered part of the Mythago Wood cycle, but takes place in Brittany, France instead of Herefordshire, England. The work has all new characters and focuses on the mythical birthplace and burial site of Merlin, the magical wood Brocéliande. Brocéliande is a smaller version of Ryhope wood where British myth predominates.

In addition to the short novel, Merlin's Wood, the 1994 edition features two tales, "Earth and Stone" and "The Silvering". The 2009 edition contains the tales "Scarrowfell", "Thorn", "Earth and Stone", and the novella "The Bone Forest".

Mythago Wood
Mythago Wood is a fantasy novel by British writer Robert Holdstock, published in the United Kingdom in 1984. Mythago Wood is set in Herefordshire, England, in and around a stand of ancient woodland, known as Ryhope Wood. The story involves the internally estranged members of the Huxley family, particularly Stephen Huxley, and his experiences with the enigmatic forest and its magical inhabitants. The conception began as a short story written for the 1979 Milford Writer's Workshop; a novella of the same name appeared in the September 1981 edition of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction.

It won the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel in 1985. It belongs to a type of fantasy literature known as mythic fiction. It has received critical acclaim for the quality of its prose, its forest setting, and its exploration of philosophical, spiritual and psychological themes. It served as the first in a series of novels known as the Mythago Wood or Ryhope Wood cycle.
Sphingosine kinase
Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is a conserved lipid kinase that catalyzes formation sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) from the precursor sphingolipid sphingosine. Sphingolipid metabolites, such as ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are lipid second messengers involved in diverse cellular processes.  There are two forms of SphK, SphK1 and SphK2.  SphK1 is found in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, and migrates to the plasma membrane upon activation.  SphK2 is localized to the nucleus.

Sphingolipid
Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing a backbone of sphingoid bases, which are a set of aliphatic amino alcohols that includes sphingosine.  They were discovered in brain extracts in the 1870s and were named after the mythological sphinx because of their enigmatic nature. These compounds play important roles in signal transduction and cell recognition. Sphingolipidoses, or disorders of sphingolipid metabolism, have particular impact on neural tissue. A sphingolipid with a terminal hydroxyl group is a ceramide. Other common groups bonded to the terminal oxygen atom include phosphocholine, yielding a sphingomyelin, and various sugar monomers or dimers, yielding cerebrosides and globosides, respectively. Cerebrosides and globosides are collectively known as glycosphingolipids.
Xingu peoples
The Xingu are an indigenous people of Brazil living near the Xingu River. They are the Aweti, Kalapalo, Kamaiurá, Kayapó, Kuikuro, Matipu, Mehinako, Nahukuá, Suyá, Trumai, Wauja and the Yawalapiti peoples. They have many cultural similarities despite their different ethnicity and language groups. Xingu people represent fifteen tribes and all four of Brazil's indigenous language groups, but they share similar belief systems, rituals and ceremonies.

Mehinaku
The Mehinaku, Mehináko or Mehinacu are an indigenous people of Brazil. They live in the Indigenous Park of the Xingu, located around the headwaters of the Xingu River in Mato Grosso.  They currently reside in area around the Tuatuari and Kurisevo Rivers. They had a population of 254 in 2011, up slightly from 200 in 2002.
Astri Aasen
Astri Aasen (3 September 1875 – 10 October 1935) was a Norwegian painter. She spent most of her life in the city of Trondheim, and in the early 20th century, was taught to paint by Harriet Backer in Oslo. She created a series of portraits of those who attended the first Sámi assembly in 1917. The portraits were acquired by the Sámediggi (Sámi parliament) in the late 20th century, where they remain as of 2021. Following her death, a scholarship for young artists was created by her family.

Harriet Backer
Harriet Backer (21 January 1845 – 25 March 1932) was a Norwegian painter who achieved recognition in her own time and was a pioneer among female artists both in the Nordic countries and in Europe generally. She is best known for her detailed interior scenes, communicated with rich colors and the interplay of light and shadow.
Raghuttama Tirtha
Raghuttama Tirtha (Sanskrit:रघूत्तम तीर्थ); IAST:Śrī Raghūttama Tīrtha) (c.1527 – c.1596), was an Indian philosopher, scholar,  theologian and saint. He was also known as Bhavabodhacharya (Bhāvabodhacārya). His oeuvre include commentaries on the works of Madhvacharya and Jayatirtha. He served as the fourteenth pontiff of Madhvacharya Peetha - Uttaradi Math from 1535 to 1596. He is considered to be one of the important seers in the history of Dvaita school of thought. His shrine at Manampoondi attracts thousands of visitors every year.

Born in an pious Brahmin family, but was brought up in matha under the direction of Raghuvarya Tirtha. He composed 10 works, consisting of commentaries on the works of Madhvacharya, Padmanabha Tirtha and Jayatirtha elaborating upon the Dvaita thought.

Raghuvarya Tirtha
Raghuvarya Tirtha (c.1462 - c.1535) was a Hindu philosopher, scholar, theologian and saint. He served as the pontiff of Shri Uttaradi Math from 1502-1535. He was the thirteenth in succession from Madhvacharya. According to tradition Sri Raghuvarya Tirtha taught the famous Nyayasudha of Jayatirtha seven times to his disciples.
COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands
Protests against COVID-19 in the Netherlands (Dutch: coronaprotesten) were a series of protests and riots in the Netherlands against the government COVID-19 prevention measures, which were in force between 27 January 2020 and 20 May 2022, with travel restrictions lifted on 17 September 2022. The protests came to a head with the 2021 Dutch curfew riots (Dutch: avondklokrellen) in response to a nationwide night-time curfew between 23 January and 28 April 2021. Since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, a number of anti-lockdown protest groups and individual protesters have shifted their attention to the ongoing, largely concurrent Dutch farmers' protests against government legislation to limit agricultural pollution by downsizing livestock production.

2021 Dutch curfew riots
The 2021 Dutch curfew riots (Dutch: avondklokrellen) were a series of riots in the Netherlands that initiated as protests against the government's COVID-19 prevention measures and specifically the 21:00–4:30 curfew that was introduced on 23 January 2021. The police have described the riots as the worst in the country since the 1980 coronation riots.
Audioprosthology
Audioprosthology is the profession of the fitting of a hearing aid, or auditory prosthesis. An audioprosthologist is defined as “an aid-fitting specialist who has completed a course in audioprosthology.” This term was adopted by a group of hearing instrument specialists and the International Hearing Society (IHS) in 1976. The American Conference on Audioprosthology (ACA) sponsored courses in audioprosthology until 2016. Currently, the American Conference of Audioprosthology program is being revamped for distance learning.

Prosthesis
In medicine, a prosthesis (pl.: prostheses; from Ancient Greek: πρόσθεσις, romanized: prósthesis, lit. 'addition, application, attachment'), or a prosthetic implant, is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through physical trauma, disease, or a condition present at birth (congenital disorder). Prostheses may restore the normal functions of the missing body part, or may perform a cosmetic function.

A person who has undergone an amputation is sometimes referred to as an amputee, Rehabilitation for someone with an amputation is primarily coordinated by a physiatrist as part of an inter-disciplinary team consisting of physiatrists, prosthetists, nurses, physical therapists, and occupational therapists. Prostheses can be created by hand or with computer-aided design (CAD), a software interface that helps creators design and analyze the creation with computer-generated 2-D and 3-D graphics as well as analysis and optimization tools.
Giovanni Muscedere
Giovanni "John" Muscedere (25 May 1957 – 7 April 2006), also known as "Boxer", was a Canadian outlaw biker and gangster who served as the national president of the Bandidos Motorcycle Club in Canada from 2002 until his murder in 2006.

Bandidos Motorcycle Club
The Bandidos Motorcycle Club, also known as the Bandido Nation, is an outlaw motorcycle club with a worldwide membership. Formed in San Leon, Texas, in 1966, the Bandidos MC is estimated to have between 3,000 and 3,500 members and 303 chapters located in 22 countries, making it the fourth-largest motorcycle club in the world behind the Hells Angels, the Outlaws, and the Pagans.

Numerous law enforcement and international intelligence agencies classify the Bandidos as an organized crime syndicate.
Sherman's fox squirrel
Sherman's fox squirrel (Sciurus niger shermani) is a subspecies of the fox squirrel. It lives in the U.S. states of Florida and Georgia in fire-prone areas of longleaf pine and wiregrass, especially around sandhills. A tree squirrel, Sherman's fox squirrel has lost much of its habitat to farming and development. This type of squirrel nests in oak trees using leaves and Spanish moss.

Fox squirrel
The fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), also known as the eastern fox squirrel or Bryant's fox squirrel, is the largest species of tree squirrel native to North America. It is sometimes mistaken for the American red squirrel or eastern gray squirrel in areas where the species coexist, though they differ in size and coloration.The word Sciurus came from the ancient Greek words, ‘skia’ meaning shade and ‘oura’ meaning tail. Niger refers to the black coloration.
Franca Pilla
Franca Pilla (born 18 December 1920), sometimes known as Franca Ciampi, is a former first lady of Italy, serving during the presidency of her husband, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. She is the oldest living former first lady in the world.

Companion of the president of the Italian Republic
The companion of the president of the Italian Republic (Italian: consorte del Presidente della Repubblica Italiana; sometimes simply known as Donna) is the first lady of Italy and often plays a protocol role at the Quirinal Palace and during official visits.

If the President of the Republic is single or widowed, the functions of the companion may be performed by another person as substitute companion, as in the case of incumbent President Sergio Mattarella, who was widowered three years before he assumed office in 2015. As a result, the unofficial position of first lady is currently held by his daughter Laura Mattarella.
Senecio eboracensis
Senecio eboracensis, the York groundsel or York radiate groundsel, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is a hybrid between a native and a non-native introduced species, which naturalised in England but the population failed to sustain itself. It was brought back by captive cultivation. It is a self-pollinating hybrid species of ragwort and one of only six new plant species to be discovered in either the United Kingdom or North America in the last 100 years.

The plant was first discovered in York, England, in 1979 and last seen in the wild in 1991. A survey by UK government advisory body Natural England found it was driven to extinction by 2000, partly due to the use of weedkiller. Seeds of the plant were stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, successfully germinated, and reintroduced to York in 2023.

Senecio
Senecio is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes groundsels and some ragworts. Variously circumscribed taxonomically, the genus Senecio is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. Plants of the World Online currently accepts 1482 species.
George Commey Mills-Odoi
George Commey Mills-Odoi (29 June 1916 – 4 August 1988) was the first Ghanaian Attorney General of the Republic of Ghana. He was a supreme court judge and the first Ghanaian to hold the dual offices of Solicitor-General and Director of Public Prosecutions.

Attorney General of Ghana
The Attorney General of Ghana is the chief legal advisor to the Ghanaian government. The attorney general is also responsible for the Ministry of Justice. The Attorney General also serves as a member of the General Legal Council which regulates legal practice in Ghana.
Thailand Post
Thailand Post (THP) (Thai: ไปรษณีย์ไทย, RTGS: Praisani Thai), formerly part of the Communications Authority of Thailand until 2003, is a state enterprise that provides postal services in Thailand.

The Post and Telegraph Office was first established in 1883 by King Rama V.: 19  Its first post office was in a large building by the Chao Phraya River, on the north side of the Ong-Ang Canal. In 1898, by merging with the Telegraph Department, its name was changed to "Department of Mail and Telegraph". The department was abolished in 1977 and the country's mailing and telegraphing was assumed by the new government-owned company, "Communications Authority of Thailand" (CAT). In 2003, the government separated the communications authority into two companies, "Thailand Post" and "CAT Telecom".

CAT Telecom
CAT Telecom Public Company Limited (Thai: บริษัท กสท โทรคมนาคม จำกัด (มหาชน); abbreviation of Communication Authority of Thailand (การสื่อสารแห่งประเทศไทย)), was a state-owned company that ran Thailand’s international telecommunications infrastructure, including its international gateways, satellite, and submarine cable networks connections. Since 2021 CAT Telecom became the National Telecom Public Company Limited after merging with TOT Public Company Limited.
Anne Mandall Johnson
Dame Anne Mandall Johnson DBE FMedSci (born 30 January 1954) is a British epidemiologist, known for her work in public health, especially the areas of HIV, sexually transmitted infections and infectious diseases.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Elizabeth Hoffman (actress)
Elizabeth Hoffman (February 8, 1926 – August 21, 2023) was an American character actress. She was best known for her regular role as Beatrice Reed Ventnor (mother of the sisters played by Swoosie Kurtz, Sela Ward, Patricia Kalember and Julianne Phillips) on the NBC drama series Sisters (1991–1996).

Swoosie Kurtz
Swoosie Kurtz (/ˈswuːsi/ SWOO-see; born September 6, 1944) is an American actress. She is the recipient of an Emmy Award and two Tony Awards.

Kurtz made her Broadway debut in the 1975 revival of Ah, Wilderness. She has received five Tony Award nominations, winning for both Fifth of July (1981) and The House of Blue Leaves (1986); her other nominations were for Tartuffe (1988), Frozen (2004), and Heartbreak House (2007).

For her television work, she has received eight Emmy Award nominations, with one win for Carol and Company in 1990. Other television credits include the NBC drama Sisters (1991–1996), Huff (2004–2006), Pushing Daisies (2007–2009), and the hit CBS sitcom Mike & Molly (2010–2016). Her films include Wildcats (1986), Dangerous Liaisons (1988), Stanley & Iris (1990), Citizen Ruth (1996), Liar Liar (1997) and Bubble Boy (2001).
Cytotrophoblastic shell
The cytotrophoblastic shell is the external layer of cytotrophoblasts from the fetus that is found  on the maternal surface of the placenta. The cytotrophoblastic shell firmly secures the placenta to the mother's endometrium called the decidua basalis. Gaps in the cytotrophoblastic shell allow endometrial arteries and veins to reach the intervillous space.

Cytotrophoblast
"Cytotrophoblast" is the name given to both the inner layer of the trophoblast (also called layer of Langhans) or the cells that live there. It is interior to the syncytiotrophoblast and external to the wall of the blastocyst in a developing embryo.

The cytotrophoblast is considered to be the trophoblastic stem cell because the layer surrounding the blastocyst remains while daughter cells differentiate and proliferate to function in multiple roles. There are two lineages that cytotrophoblastic cells may differentiate through: fusion and invasive. The fusion lineage yields syncytiotrophoblast and the invasive lineage yields interstitial cytotrophoblast cells.

Cytotrophoblastic cells play an important role in the implantation of an embryo in the uterus.
Apache Velocity
Apache Velocity first released in April 2001, is a Java-based template engine that provides a template language to reference objects defined in Java code. It aims to ensure clean separation between the presentation tier and business tiers in a Web application (the model–view–controller design pattern).

Velocity is an open source software project hosted by the Apache Software Foundation. It is released under the Apache License. Jon Scott Stevens derived the name from the AltiVec Velocity Engine in the PowerPC G4 chip.

Web template system
A web template system in web publishing allows web designers and developers to work with web templates to automatically generate custom web pages, such as the results from a search. This reuses static web page elements while defining dynamic elements based on web request parameters.
Web templates support static content, providing basic structure and appearance. Developers can implement templates from  content management systems, web application frameworks, and HTML editors.
Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark
Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark and Norway (1 September 1647 – 1 July 1717) was the eldest daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and Electress of Saxony from 1680 to 1691 as the wife of John George III.

Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg
Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg (24 March 1628 – 20 February 1685) was Queen of Denmark and Norway as the consort of the King Frederick III of Denmark. She is known for her political influence, as well as for her cultural impact: she acted as the adviser of her husband, and introduced ballet and opera to Denmark.
Titia de Lange
Titia de Lange (born 11 November 1955, in Rotterdam) is the Director of the Anderson Center for Cancer Research, the Leon Hess professor and the head of Laboratory Cell Biology and Genetics at Rockefeller University.

De Lange obtained her Masters on "Chromatin structure of the human β-globin gene locus" at the University of Amsterdam in 1981, and subsequently her PhD at the same institution in 1985 with Piet Borst on surface antigen genes in trypanosomes. In 1985 she joined Harold Varmus's lab at the University of California, San Francisco. Since 1990 she has had a faculty position at the Rockefeller University. In 2011, de Lange received the Vilcek Prize in Biomedical Science.  In 2013 she won a Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, worth $3 million, for her research on telomeres.

In 2000 she became correspondent of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Harold E. Varmus
Harold Eliot Varmus (born December 18, 1939) is an American Nobel Prize-winning scientist. He is currently the Lewis Thomas University Professor of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine and a senior associate at the New York Genome Center.

He was a co-recipient (along with J. Michael Bishop) of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes. He was also the director of the National Institutes of Health from 1993 to 1999 and the 14th Director of the National Cancer Institute from 2010 to 2015, a post to which he was appointed by President Barack Obama.
Battle of Meadow Bridge
The Battle of Meadow Bridge (also known as Meadow Bridges and the Battle of Richmond Heights) was an engagement on May 12, 1864, in Henrico County, Virginia, during Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign of the American Civil War. Following their victory at the Battle of Yellow Tavern on May 11, Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan advanced in the direction of the Confederate capital of Richmond. Caught in the narrow area between the fortifications of Richmond and the rain-swollen Chickahominy River, the Union troopers were subjected to fire from the artillery of Confederate Maj. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee. Michigan cavalry under Brig. Gen. George A. Custer forced a crossing of a damaged railroad bridge, which was quickly rebuilt by engineers, allowing the troopers to escape to safety and continue their raid.

Battle of Yellow Tavern
The Battle of Yellow Tavern was fought on May 11, 1864, as part of the Overland Campaign of the American Civil War. Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan was detached from Grant's Army of the Potomac to conduct a raid on Richmond, Virginia, and challenged Confederate cavalry commander Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart. The Confederates were outnumbered, and Stuart was mortally wounded.