hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ostrich farming in North America
Ostrich farming in North America refers to the practice of breeding, raising, and managing ostriches for their meat, feathers, leather, oil, and other byproducts. While ostriches are native to Africa, their farming has become increasingly popular in North America due to the demand for alternative and sustainable meat sources, as well as the unique characteristics of ostrich products.

Ostriches require less water and feed than cattle, and their farming results in lower greenhouse gas emissions.

Plume (feather)
A plume is a special type of bird feather, possessed by egrets, ostriches, birds of paradise, quetzals, pheasants, peacocks and quails. They often have a decorative or ornamental purpose, commonly used among marching bands and the military, worn on the hat or helmet of the wearer. When used on military headdresses, the clipped feather plume is referred to as the hackle.
Eilenberg–Ganea theorem
In mathematics, particularly in homological algebra and algebraic topology, the Eilenberg–Ganea theorem states for every finitely generated group G with certain conditions on its cohomological dimension (namely ), one can construct an aspherical CW complex X of dimension n whose fundamental group is G. The theorem is named after Polish mathematician Samuel Eilenberg and Romanian mathematician Tudor Ganea. The theorem was first published in a short paper in 1957 in the Annals of Mathematics.

Cohomological dimension
In abstract algebra, cohomological dimension is an invariant of a group which measures the homological complexity of its representations. It has important applications in geometric group theory, topology, and algebraic number theory.
Dananeer Mobeen
Dananeer Mobeen (Urdu: دنانیر مبین; born December 2001) is a Pakistani actress and influencer. She first gained popularity in 2021, after became associated with a catchphrase stemming in one of her viral video on Instagram which developed into an internet meme. The same year she made her acting debut with a supporting role in the ISPR based Sinf-e-Aahan which earned her the Lux Style Award for New Emerging Talent. She has since starred in the romantic dramas Muhabbat Gumshuda Meri (2023) and  Meem Se Mohabbat (2024).

Inter-Services Public Relations
The Inter-Services Public Relations (Urdu: پاک فوج کا شعبۂ تعلقاتِ عامہ) is the media and public relations wing of the Pakistan Armed Forces. It broadcasts and coordinates military news and information to the country's civilian media and the civic society.

The ISPR directorate serves the purpose of aiming to strengthen public relations with the civic society and civil society through interacting with the media. The directorate also works as the principal voice of the Pakistan's military, with its director-general serving as the official spokesperson of the armed forces.
Stonefield (Wisconsin)
Stonefield, located at 12195 County Road VV outside Cassville, Wisconsin, United States, was the 2,000-acre (800-hectare) estate of Wisconsin's first governor, Nelson Dewey. Much of the original estate has been separated into Nelson Dewey State Park and the Stonefield historic site, an expansive museum operated by the Wisconsin Historical Society. The historic site takes advantage of the large property by offering several different areas for visitors, including an early Wisconsin farmhouse, a re-created agricultural village built to resemble those common around 1900, and a reconstruction of Nelson Dewey's home. Stonefield is also home to the Wisconsin State Agricultural Museum, which features a large collection of antique farm equipment.

On May 19, 1970, Stonefield, also known as the Nelson Dewey Plantation, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Wisconsin Historical Society
The Wisconsin Historical Society (officially the State Historical Society of Wisconsin) is simultaneously a state agency and a private membership organization whose purpose is to maintain, promote and spread knowledge relating to the history of North America, with an emphasis on the state of Wisconsin and the trans-Allegheny West. Founded in 1846 and chartered in 1853, it is the oldest historical society in the United States to receive continuous public funding. The society's headquarters are located in Madison, Wisconsin, on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Joe Staysniak
Joseph Andrew Staysniak (born December 8, 1966) is an American former sports radio talk show host and a former professional football offensive lineman who played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes and was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the seventh round of the 1990 NFL draft. Staysniak worked for the talk radio stations WIBC (FM) and WFNI (AM) in Indianapolis until August 2021.

WFNI
WFNI (1070 AM) is a radio station in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is owned by the Emmis Corporation but is usually off the air.  WFNI carried a sports radio format, featuring ESPN Radio programming. The studios and offices are located at 40 Monument Circle in downtown Indianapolis.

WFNI's AM signal, 50,000 watts by day and 10,000 watts at night, went dark at midnight on August 3, 2021. Emmis Broadcasting sold the land on which the six-tower array stood, off Perry Worth Drive near Interstate 65 in Whitestown, Indiana. Emmis says it is looking for a new site for its AM transmitter but none has been found yet.  Programming continues to be heard on FM translators at 93.5 and 107.5 MHz in Indianapolis.  They are fed by sister station 93.1 WIBC's HD Radio subchannel.
Riley Bullough
Riley Bullough (born November 23, 1993) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans, and was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent in 2017.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
KK Knjaževac 1950
Košarkaški klub Knjaževac 1950 (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Књажевац 1950), commonly referred to as Knjaževac, is a men's basketball club based in Knjaževac, Serbia. They are currently competing in the First Regional League of Serbia, East Division.

The club was founded in 1950 and was named after its host city.

First Regional Basketball League
First Men's Regional League (Serbian Cyrillic: Прва мушка регионална лига, romanized: Prva muška regionalna liga), previously First Serbian League, is the men's regional basketball league in Serbia. It is the 3rd-tier of the basketball league system in Serbia. Founded in 2006, it is run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS).
Saad Ali Shire
Dr. Saad Ali Shire Naleye (Somali: Dr. Sacad Cali Shire Naaleeye) is a British-Somaliland politician, agronomist and economist, who is currently serving as the Minister of Finance of Somaliland. Shire formerly served as the Foreign Minister of Somaliland. He also served as the Minister of Planning and National Development of Somaliland. He is a founder member of many academic institutions and professional associations including The University of Hargeisa, the University of Burao, Somaliland Society of Agriculture, Somaliland Economics Association, Somaliland Statistics Association, and Somaliland Society of UK.

Ministry of Planning (Somaliland)
The Ministry of Planning & National Development of the Republic of Somaliland (MoPND) (Somali: Wasaaradda Qorshaynta & Horumarinta Qaranka Somaliland)  (Arabic: وزارة التخطيط والتنمية الوطنية) is a cabinet ministry of the Government of Somaliland. The ministry is responsible for  appropriate plans and strategies for development capable of ensuring that the long-term goals of the country are achieved. Establish long-term, medium-term, and short-term plans encompassing all economic and social aspects of the Somaliland people’s life, through fostering community engagement. The current minister is Ahmed Mohamed Dirie Toorno.
Hayward Gallery
The Hayward Gallery is an art gallery within the Southbank Centre in central London, England and part of an area of major arts venues on the South Bank of the River Thames. It is sited adjacent to the other Southbank Centre buildings (the Royal Festival Hall and the Queen Elizabeth Hall/Purcell Room) and also the National Theatre and BFI Southbank repertory cinema. Following a rebranding of the South Bank Centre to Southbank Centre in early 2007, the Hayward Gallery was known as the Hayward until early 2011.

BFI Southbank
BFI Southbank (formerly known as the National Film Theatre from 1951 to 2007) is the leading repertory cinema in the United Kingdom, specialising in seasons of classic, independent and non-English language films. It is operated by the British Film Institute. Forbes called its largest cinema, NFT1, "one of the crown jewels of the London film scene".
New Mexico State Road 188
State Road 188 (NM 188) is a 2.945-mile-long (4.740 km) paved, four-lane state highway in Doña Ana County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. NM 188's southern terminus is at the road's junction with an exit ramp of Interstate 10 (I-10) and U.S. Route 180 (US 180) in Las Cruces, on the western edge of NMSU campus. The road's northern terminus is in Las Cruces at the road's junction with US 70 and the southern terminus of NM 185. NM 188 is also known as South Valley Drive.

U.S. Route 70 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 70 (US 70) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Globe, Arizona, east to Atlantic, North Carolina. In the U.S. state of New Mexico, US 70 extends from the Arizona state line south of Virden and ends at the Texas state line in Texico.
Belize at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Belize competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. It was the nation's twelfth appearance at the Olympic Games, although it had previously appeared in two early editions under the name "British Honduras" (1968 in Mexico City, and 1972 in Munich). Belize joined the United States-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics hosted in Moscow, Russia. The delegation included two track and field athletes: Brandon Jones and Katy Sealy, as well as judoka Renick James. All three athletes made their Olympic debut. Belize Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association appointed 200 metres sprinter Brandon Jones to carry the nation's flag in the opening ceremony. Belize, however, has yet to win its first Olympic medal.

Brandon Jones (athlete)
Brandon Terrel Jones (born 19 July 1987) is a Belizean American athlete. He competed for Belize at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 200 m race; his time of 21.49 seconds in the heats was a seasonal best but did not qualify him for the semifinals.

Jones was born in the U.S. state of Virginia to Belizean father Kent Smith and American mother Carmen Jones-Smith. He attended Hampton University, where he holds the school record in the indoor triple jump. He has competed internationally for Belize since 2012; he competes in sprinting, triple jump, and long jump, and has won medals at the Central American Championships in Athletics. Jones was the flag bearer for Belize at the 2016 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations.
Jane Pitfield
Jane Pitfield (née Toller; born c. 1954) is a Canadian politician who is the incumbent prefect of Pontiac Regional County Municipality, having served in the position since 2017. She is a former Toronto city councillor, representing one of the two Don Valley West wards. She ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Toronto in 2006.

Mayor of Toronto
The mayor of Toronto is the head of Toronto City Council and chief executive officer of the municipal government. The mayor is elected alongside city council every four years on the fourth Monday of October; there are no term limits. While in office, mayors are styled His/Her Worship.

Olivia Chow has served as the 66th and current mayor of Toronto since July 12, 2023, after winning the 2023 by-election.
Dynastic race theory
The dynastic race theory was the earliest thesis to attempt to explain how predynastic Egypt developed into the sophisticated monarchy of Dynastic Egypt. The theory holds that the earliest roots of the ancient Egyptian dynastic civilisation were imported by invaders from Mesopotamia who then founded the First Dynasty and brought culture to the indigenous population. This theory had strong supporters in the Egyptological community in the first half of the 20th century, but has since lost mainstream support.

First Dynasty of Egypt
The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty I) covers the first series of Egyptian kings to rule over a unified Egypt. It immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, by Menes, or Narmer, and marks the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period, when power was centered at Thinis.

The date of this period is subject to scholarly debate about the Egyptian chronology. It falls within the early Bronze Age and is variously estimated to have begun anywhere between the 34th and the 30th centuries BC. In a 2013 study based on radiocarbon dates, the accession of Hor-Aha, the second king of the First Dynasty, was placed between 3111 and 3045 BC with 68% confidence, and between 3218 and 3035 with 95% confidence. The same study placed the accession of Den, the sixth king of the dynasty, between 2928 and 2911 BC with 68% confidence, although a 2023 radiocarbon analysis placed Den's accession potentially earlier, between 3011 and 2921, within a broader window of 3104 to 2913.
2019 ITTF-ATTU Asian Cup
The 2019 ITTF-ATTU Asian Cup (also known as the 2019 Lion ITTF-ATTU Asian Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a table tennis competition that took place from 5–7 April in Yokohama, Japan. The event was organised by the Japan Table Tennis Association (JTTA), under the authority of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) and the Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU). It was the 32nd edition of the event, and the fourth time that it had been held in Japan.

Men's singles and women's singles events were held, and the three medallists in each event qualified automatically for the 2019 Men's and Women's World Cups.

International Table Tennis Federation
The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) is the governing body for national table tennis associations that use ITTF-approved sponge table tennis rackets. The federation oversees rules and regulations, seeks technological improvement for the sport, and organizes numerous international competitions, including the World Table Tennis Championships.
Gerald Carr (American football)
Gerald N. Carr (born June 28, 1959) is an American former football quarterback and coach. He played college football at Southern Illinois before starting a coaching career that spanned from 1981–2012 with North Mecklenburg High School, Southern Illinois, Davidson, Akron, Washington State, Arizona, North Carolina, the Philadelphia Eagles, Wake Forest, the Carolina Cobras, Indiana, Kentucky, Baylor, Buffalo, Southern, and the Virginia Destroyers.

Southern Jaguars football
The Southern Jaguars are the college football team representing Southern University. The Jaguars play in NCAA Division I Football Championship as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The Jaguars started collegiate football in 1916, and played in the Gulf Coast Athletic Conference before joining the SWAC in 1934.

Every late November they play their last regular season game against in-state rival Grambling in the Bayou Classic in New Orleans, Louisiana. Another notable football rivalry, dubbed the "BoomBox Classic", is played against Jackson State yearly.
Billy Kirkwood
William Kirkwood (born 1 September 1958) is a Scottish coach and former footballer. He began as a forward before moving to midfield. He began his career with Dundee United, where he made 399 appearances in two spells between 1975 and 1987. He won three major domestic trophies with the club, the Scottish League Cup in 1979 and 1980 and the Premier Division title in 1983. He also featured for United in many European runs including to the 1983–84 European Cup semi final and the 1987 UEFA Cup Final.

He also played for Hibernian, Dunfermline Athletic and Dundee. Since retiring as a player he has coach and managed at numerous clubs. He is currently head of recruitment for Dundee.

Scottish Football League Premier Division
The Scottish Football League Premier Division was, from 1975 until 1998, the top division of the Scottish Football League and the entire Scottish football league system. It lay above the Scottish Football League First, Second and (from 1994) Third divisions.
Colin Cockcroft
Lieutenant General Dr. Colin Royden Cockcroft SSA SSA SM SD SM MMM, MBChB (4 October 1917 – 5 December 1987) was a South African military commander.

A medical doctor, he served as Surgeon General of the South African Medical Service from 1969 to 1977.

Southern Cross Medal (1952)
The Southern Cross Medal of 1952, post-nominal letters SM, is a South African military decoration which was instituted by the Union of South Africa in 1952. It was awarded for outstanding devotion to duty and was originally available to all ranks, but from 1967 until July 1975, when it was discontinued, it was reserved for officers.
Matthew Gidley
Matthew "Matt" Gidley (born 1 July 1977) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer and administrator. Gidley played for the Newcastle Knights in the ARL Premiership and the NRL, and St Helens in the Super League, and for New South Wales in the State of Origin series and Australia at international level. He is also the former CEO of Football Operations at Newcastle.

Newcastle Knights
The Newcastle Knights are an Australian professional rugby league team based in Newcastle, the largest city in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. The club competes in the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. Playing in red and blue, the Knights joined the top-tier competition in 1988, 79 years after the previous Newcastle based team, the Newcastle Rebels had departed the Sydney competition with the formation of a separate league competition based in the Newcastle region.

The club has won the premiership twice (1997 and 2001) and is one of only two clubs (the other being the Wests Tigers) that has never lost a grand final in which it has participated. Notable players include: Paul Harragon, Robbie O'Davis, Danny Buderus and rugby league Immortal Andrew Johns. The team's home ground is McDonald Jones Stadium.
USNS Trenton
USNS Trenton (JHSV-5/T-EPF-5), (ex-Resolute) is the fifth Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport, operated by the United States Navy's Military Sealift Command. Spearhead-class ships are used to support overseas operations, conduct humanitarian aid and disaster relief, and support special operations forces. This type of vessel also has an aviation flight deck and can operate in shallow waters.

Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport
The Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport  (EPF) is a United States Navy–led shipbuilding program to provide a high-speed, shallow draft vessel intended for rapid intra-theater transport of medium-sized cargo payloads. The EPFs can reach speeds of 35–45 knots (65–83 km/h; 40–52 mph), and allow the rapid transit and deployment of conventional or special forces, equipment and supplies.

The vessels are a part of Military Sealift Command's Sealift Program. The class was previously designated as "Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV)", and redesignated in September 2015.
LRTA 1200 class
The LRTA 1200 class is the third-generation class of high-floor light rail vehicles (LRV) of the LRT Line 1, built by Kinki Sharyo and Nippon Sharyo. Purchased as part of the second phase of the capacity expansion of the line, the trains entered service in December 2006.

LRTA 1000 class
The LRTA 1000 class is the first-generation class of high-floor light rail vehicles (LRV) of the Manila LRT Line 1. Purchased under soft loans from the Belgian Government, the trains first entered service under the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) in 1984.

It has undergone two refurbishments; the first from 1999 to 2008, and the most recent by the Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) from 2016 to 2017. The newer 13000 class trains have gradually replaced the older 1000 class trains since July 2023.
Norman Bodell
Norman Bodell (29 January 1938 – 22 November 2024) was an English professional footballer, coach, manager and scout. He played as a defender, making 224 appearances in the Football League for Rochdale, Crewe Alexandra and Halifax Town before moving into non-League football with Altrincham. He played for Rochdale in the final of the 1961–62 League Cup which they lost to Norwich City.

1961–62 Football League Cup
The 1961–62 Football League Cup was the second season of the Football League Cup, a knockout competition for England's top 92 football clubs; only 82 of them took part. The competition began on 11 September 1961, and ended with the two-legged final on 26 April and 1 May 1962.

Aston Villa unsuccessfully defended its 1962 title on 21 November 1961 at the Third Round Ties against Ipswich Town, 2–3.

Norwich City beat Rochdale 4–0 on aggregate over two legs. Norwich won the first leg 3–0 away at Spotland, thanks to goals from Derrick Lythgoe (2) and Punton. In the second leg at Carrow Road, Jimmy Hill scored to give Norwich a 1–0 win on the night and a 4–0 aggregate victory. Rochdale were then playing in the old Fourth Division; this is one of only two occasions where a fourth-tier side reached the final, the other being Bradford City in 2012–13.

Match dates and results were initially drawn from Soccerbase, and they were later checked against Rothmans Football Yearbook 1970–71.
Otto Stadie
Otto Stadie (10 March 1897 – 28 July 1977) was a German nurse and member of the Action T4, the Nazi forced euthanasia programme. During the Holocaust in occupied Poland he kept the register of stolen gold and diamonds at the Treblinka extermination camp. He was convicted in the first Treblinka trial of 1965.

Involuntary euthanasia
Involuntary euthanasia, typically regarded as a type of murder, occurs when euthanasia is performed on a person who would be able to provide informed consent, but does not, either because they do not want to die, or because they were not asked.

Involuntary euthanasia is contrasted with voluntary euthanasia (euthanasia performed with the patient's consent) and non-voluntary euthanasia (when the patient is unable to give informed consent, for example when a patient is comatose or a child). Involuntary euthanasia is widely opposed and is regarded as a crime in all legal jurisdictions. Involuntary euthanasia has been practiced in the past, notably in Nazi Germany, where many of the perpetrators were tried, convicted, and executed following World War II. Reference to it or fear of it is sometimes used as a reason for not changing laws relating to voluntary euthanasia.