hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
P. Shiv Shankar
Punjala Shiv Shankar (10 August 1929 – 27 February 2017) was an Indian politician. He served as the Minister of External Affairs, Law, and Petroleum. He was a very influential minister in Indira Gandhi's and Rajiv Gandhi's cabinets and was one of the most senior politicians in India. He also served as Governor of Sikkim from 1994 to 1995 and Governor of Kerala from 1995 to 1996.

Ministry of Law and Justice (India)
The Ministry of Law and Justice (ISO: Vidhi aura Nyāya Maṁtrālaya) in the Government of India is a cabinet ministry which deals with the management of the legal affairs, legislative activities and administration of justice in India through its three departments namely the Legislative Department and the Department of Legal Affairs and the Department of Justice respectively. The Department of Legal Affairs is concerned with advising the various Ministries of the Central Government while the Legislative Department is concerned with drafting of principal legislation for the Central Government. The ministry is headed by Cabinet Minister of Law and Justice Arjun Ram Meghwal appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of India. The first Law and Justice minister of independent India was Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, who served in the Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet during 1947–51.
Jumanos
The Jumanos were a tribe or several tribes, who inhabited a large area of western Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico, especially near the Junta de los Rios region with its large settled Indigenous population. They lived in the Big Bend area in the mountain and basin region. Spanish explorers first recorded encounters with the Jumano in 1581. Later expeditions noted them in a broad area of the Southwest and the Southern Plains.

The last historical reference was in a 19th-century oral history, but their population had already declined by the early 18th century.: xi–xiv  Scholars have generally argued that the Jumanos disappeared as a distinct people by 1750 due to infectious disease, the slave trade, and warfare, with remnants absorbed by the Apache or Comanche. Frederick Webb Hodge proposed that they merged into the Wichita people, having morphed first to be known as the Tawehash, considered a division of the Wichita.: 268

Wichita people
The Wichita people, or Wichita: kirikir?i:s, are a confederation of Southern Plains Native American tribes. Historically they spoke the Wichita language and Kichai language, both Caddoan languages. Their ancestral homelands are in Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas.

Today, Wichita tribes, which include the Kichai people, Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni, Yscani, and the Wichita proper (or Guichita), are federally recognized as the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco and Tawakoni).
Rifq
Abū'l-Faḍl Rifq al-Khādim (c. 970 — 30 August 1049) was a black African eunuch in the court of the Fatimid caliph al-Mustansir (r. 1036–1094) and a commander of the Fatimid army. In 1024, during the reign of Caliph al-Zahir, Rifq led policing expeditions in the Egyptian countryside, earning him a reputation of loyalty. In 1049, he was appointed governor of Damascus in place of Nasir al-Dawla al-Hamdani, and headed a 30,000-strong expedition to assert Fatimid control over Aleppo, then held by the Mirdasid emir Thimal ibn Salih. His army consisted of Berbers, Turks, black Africans and, after it entered Syria, local Bedouin tribes. These diverse and often antagonistic factions quarreled frequently, weakening Rifq's army. After initial clashes with Thimal's troops outside Aleppo, many Bedouin defected and Rifq's officers ultimately deserted him for refusing their counsel. Rifq was captured, received a head injury and died in Mirdasid custody.

Nasir al-Dawla Ibn Hamdan
Nāṣir al-Dawla Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥasan (Arabic: ناصر الدولة أبو علي الحسين بن الحسن), better known by his honorific epithet as Nasir al-Dawla Ibn Hamdan, was a descendant of the Hamdanid dynasty who became a general of the Fatimid Caliphate, ruing Egypt as a de facto dictator in 1071–1073.
Scleralcyonacea
Scleralcyonacea is an order of the class Octocorallia.

It combines the traditional taxa Calcaxonia (except the genus Isis), Pennatulacea and Helioporacea, as well as a part of Scleraxonia and a part of Stolonifera, and the genera Ideogorgia and Parasphaerasclera. See below for a more detailed description.

Stolonifera
Stolonifera is a suborder of soft corals in the order Alcyonacea. Members of this taxon are characterised by having separate polyps budding off an encrusting horizontal, branching stolon. The skeletons include spicules or consists of a horny external cuticle. These soft corals are found in shallow tropical and temperate seas.
Datça
Datça is a municipality and district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Its area is 436 km2, and its population is 25,029 (2022). The town center is situated midway through the peninsula which carries the same name as the district and the town (Datça Peninsula). It was a nahiya of Marmaris District until 1928. Datça's first center in village of Reşadiye till 1947, when it was moved to present borough of İskele.

Marmaris
Marmaris (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈmaɾmaɾis]) is a municipality and district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Its area is 906 km2, and its population is 97,818 (2022). It is a port city and tourist resort on the Mediterranean coast, along the shoreline of the Turkish Riviera.

Although Marmaris is known for its honey, its main source of income is international tourism. It is located between two intersecting sets of mountains by the sea, though following a construction boom in the 1980s, little is left of the sleepy fishing village that Marmaris was until the late 20th century.

As an adjunct to the tourism industry, Marmaris is also a centre for sailing and diving, possessing two major and several smaller marinas. It is a popular wintering location for hundreds of cruising boaters.

Dalaman Airport is an hour's drive to the east.

Ferries operate from Marmaris to Rhodes and Symi in Greece.
Billboard year-end top 50 R&B singles of 1959
Billboard Top R&B Records of 1959 is the year-end chart compiled by Billboard magazine ranking the top rhythm and blues singles of 1959. Due to the extent of cross-over between the R&B and pop charts in 1959, the song's rank, if any, in the year-end pop chart is also provided.

Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1959
This is a list of Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of 1959. The Top 100, as revealed in the year-end edition of Billboard dated December 14, 1959, is based on Hot 100 charts from the issue dates of January through November 1959.
Yaeyama-class minesweeper
The Yaeyama class is the largest class of Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force minesweepers, designed for open-sea mine clearance operations. Three ships were built in the class, a further three ships were planned but were cancelled. The ships use wooden hulls to reduce their magnetic signature and is one of the largest-sized wooden hull ships designed today.

Jane's Fighting Ships notes their similarity to the U.S. Avenger-class minesweepers.

Avenger-class mine countermeasures ship
The Avenger-class mine countermeasures ships are a class of 14 ships constructed for the United States Navy from 1987 to 1994, designed to clear naval mines from vital waterways. The ships have the hull designator MCM.

The Avenger-class ships are being replaced by the Freedom and Independence-class littoral combat ships, as well as other MCM platforms, which use unmanned air, surface, and undersea vehicles to detect and destroy naval mines at a standoff distance.
Sergio Ferrara
Sergio Ferrara (born 2 May 1945) is an Italian physicist working on theoretical physics of elementary particles and mathematical physics. He is renowned for the discovery of theories introducing supersymmetry as a symmetry of elementary particles (super-Yang–Mills theories, together with Bruno Zumino) and of supergravity, the first significant extension of Einstein's general relativity, based on the principle of "local supersymmetry" (together with Daniel Z. Freedman, and Peter van Nieuwenhuizen). He is an emeritus staff member at CERN and a professor emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Bruno Zumino
Bruno Zumino (28 April 1923 − 21 June 2014) was an Italian theoretical physicist and faculty member at the University of California, Berkeley. He obtained his DSc degree from the University of Rome in 1945.

He was renowned for his rigorous proof of the CPT theorem with Gerhart Lüders;  his pioneering systematization of effective chiral Lagrangians;  the discoveries, with Julius Wess, of the Wess–Zumino model,  the first four-dimensional supersymmetric quantum field theory with Bose–Fermi degeneracy, and initiator of the field of supersymmetric radiative restrictions;  a concise formulation of supergravity;
and for his deciphering of structured flavour-chiral anomalies, codified in the  Wess–Zumino–Witten model of conformal field theory.
Stephen K. Yamashiro
Stephen Kei Yamashiro (July 15, 1941 – May 24, 2011) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the former Mayor of Hawaii County from 1992 to 2000. Yamashiro served on the Hawaii County council from 1976 to 1990, including eleven years as the council's chairman. He then served as the Mayor of Hawaii for two consecutive, four-year terms from 1992 until 2000.

The Honolulu Star-Bulletin has referred to Yamashiro as "among the most influential political leaders" in the history of the Big Island of Hawaii. More specifically, Honolulu Star-Bulletin reporter Hugh Clark has called Yamashiro, "probably … the most significant newsmaker on the Big Island" during the final thirty years of the 20th century.

Mayor of Hawaiʻi County
The Mayor of Hawaiʻi is the chief executive officer of the County of Hawaiʻi in the state of Hawaii. The mayor has municipal jurisdiction over the Big Island of Hawaiʻi.  The current mayor is Kimo Alameda. The Mayor of Hawaiʻi County is the successor of the Royal Governors of Hawaiʻi Island of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi.

As of 2004, the mayor is officially a nonpartisan position, and appear on the ballot without a party affiliation. The managing director takes over as mayor in the event of a mayor's death or resignation.
Chris Smith (general)
Major General Christopher Robert Smith, DSC, AM, CSC is a senior officer in the Australian Army. He graduated from the Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1995 and was commissioned into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps. He served with the in United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda in 1995 and the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization. Most recently he served as the Deputy Commanding General – Operations for the United States Army Pacific from 2022–2024 before taking over the role of Deputy Chief of Army on 31 January 2024.

Conspicuous Service Cross (Australia)
The Conspicuous Service Cross (CSC) is a decoration (medal) of the Australian honours system. It is awarded to members of the Australian Defence Force "for outstanding devotion to duty or outstanding achievement in the application of exceptional skills, judgment or dedication, in non-warlike situations". In November 2019, 1129 people were listed as recipients. All ranks are eligible for the award.
David Charles (philosopher)
David Owain Maurice Charles FLSW is a British philosopher, formerly a professor of philosophy and classics at Yale University.  He has previously been Colin Prestige Fellow, and Professor of Philosophy at Oriel College, Oxford, and CUF Lecturer in Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford University, and has been a visiting professor at the University of California at Los Angeles and at Rutgers University, New Jersey.

Charles holds a doctorate (D.Phil.) in philosophy from Oxford University. His research interests lie in issues concerning meaning, definition and practical skill and interconnections between philosophy and psychiatry. He has published on Greek philosophy and on contemporary philosophy of mind and metaphysics.

Charles was elected a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales in 2012.

Learned Society of Wales
The Learned Society of Wales (Welsh: Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru) is a national academy, learned society and charity that exists to "celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect and encourage excellence in all of the scholarly disciplines", and to serve the Welsh nation.

The Learned Society of Wales is Wales's first and only all-embracing national scholarly academy.  A registered charity, it was established and launched on 25 May 2010 at the National Museum of Wales and was granted a Royal Charter in 2015. The society is headquartered in Cardiff.

It is an independent, self-governing, pan-disciplinary, bilingual organisation operating throughout Wales, and is a founding member of the Celtic Academies Alliance.
Jonathan Evans, Baron Evans of Weardale
Jonathan Douglas Evans, Baron Evans of Weardale, KCB, DL (born 17 February 1958) is a British life peer who formerly served as the Director General of the British Security Service, the United Kingdom's domestic security and counter-intelligence service. He took over the role on the retirement of his predecessor Dame Eliza Manningham-Buller on 21 April 2007. Evans was succeeded by Andrew Parker on 22 April 2013. He currently serves as the Chairman of the Crown Nominations Commission.

Andrew Parker, Baron Parker of Minsmere
Andrew David Parker, Baron Parker of Minsmere, GCVO, KCB, PC (born 8 May 1962), is a British life peer and former intelligence officer who served as Director General of MI5 from 2013 to 2020. He served as Lord Chamberlain of the Household from 2021 to 2024, and is a crossbench member of the House of Lords.
Leptosiphon lemmonii
Leptosiphon lemmonii (syn. Linanthus lemmonii) is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name Lemmon's linanthus.

Leptosiphon lemmonii is native to the San Bernardino Mountains and the Peninsular Ranges in southern California (U.S.) and northern Baja California (México). It grows below 1,900 metres (6,200 ft), in dry inland chaparral, oak woodlands, the Colorado Desert chaparral ecotone, and Yellow pine forest habitats.

Chaparral
Chaparral (/ˌʃæpəˈræl, ˌtʃæp-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California, part of the California floristic province. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern-facing slopes.

Three other closely related chaparral shrubland systems occur in southern Arizona, western Texas, and along the eastern side of central Mexico's mountain chains, all having summer rains in contrast to the Mediterranean climate of other chaparral formations.
R. B. Pandit
Vice Admiral Ravindra Bhartruhari Pandit, PVSM, AVSM is a former Flag Officer of the Indian Navy. He last served as the Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Forces Command. He assumed the position from Air Marshal Rajesh Kumar. He earlier served as the Chief of Staff of the Western Naval Command, as Commandant of Indian Naval Academy and as the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Charles L. Bolte
General Charles Lawrence Bolte (8 May 1895 – 11 February 1989) was a senior United States Army officer who fought in both World War I and World War II. In World War II he distinguished himself as commander of the 34th Infantry Division during the Italian Campaign, for which he was twice awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal. Later promoted to four-star general officer rank, his final post was Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
2022 Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council election
The 2022 Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council election took place on 5 May 2022. All 51 members of Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council were elected. The elections took place alongside local elections in the other London boroughs and elections to local authorities across the United Kingdom.

In the previous election in 2018, the Labour Party maintained its longstanding control of the council, winning all fifty-one seats. The 2022 election took place under new election boundaries with the Labour Party once again winning all seats.

On 15th September 2025, three Labour Councillors resigned from the party and joined the Green Party. They formed the first opposition group on the Council since 2006.

2018 Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council election
The 2018 Barking and Dagenham Council election took place on 3 May 2018 to elect members of Barking and Dagenham Council in London. This was on the same day as other local elections. The Labour Party won every available council seat for the third election in a row, winning 74% of the popular vote. The Conservatives saw their vote share rise by 13 percentage points, but failed to win any seats.
Canadian Baptist Theological Seminary and College
Canadian Baptist Theological Seminary and College is a Baptist university-level institution in Cochrane, Alberta, Canada, founded in July 1987. It offers both graduate theological programs and undergraduate programs. CSBS&C is affiliated with the Canadian National Baptist Convention (CNBC).

Cochrane, Alberta
Cochrane (/ˈkɒkrən/ KOK-rən) is a town in the Calgary Metropolitan Region of Alberta, Canada. The town is located 18 km (11 mi) west of the Calgary city limits along Highway 1A. Cochrane is one of the fastest-growing communities in Canada, and with a population of 32,199 in 2021, it is one of the largest towns in Alberta. It is part of Calgary's census metropolitan area and a member community of the Calgary Metropolitan Region Board (CMRB). The town is surrounded by Rocky View County.
ZacUP Skyrace del Grignone
The ZacUP Skyrace del Grignone (also known as Sentiero delle Grigne), is an international skyrunning competition held for the first time in 2013. It runs every year along the mountain path of the Grigna (Italy) in September.

Previously this race, for eleven editions from 2002 to 2012, was called the Sentiero delle Grigne (43km / 3,200m D +), and was the race of the Skyrunner World Series circuit. ZacUP is the heir, shorter and less demanding, still keeping the spirit of the previous, so much to award the Trofeo Scaccabarozzi (the full name of the race was in fact the Trofeo Scaccabarozzi-Sentiero delle Grigne) to transit on the Grand Prize of mountain in the summit of the Grigna (2410 m).

Skyrunner World Series
The Skyrunner World Series is an annual international championship of skyrunning (high altitude endurance races) and the official International Skyrunning Federation (ISF) race circuit for mountain running. Each year the Skyrunner World Series presents a global Sky Racing calendar, attracting mountain running athletes from almost every country.
USS Saginaw (LST-1188)
USS Saginaw (LST-1188) was the tenth of the Newport-class tank landing ships of the United States Navy which replaced the traditional bow door-design tank landing ships (LSTs). The second ship of that name, Saginaw was named after the river in Michigan. The LST was constructed by National Steel and Shipbuilding Company of San Diego, California, launched in 1970 and commissioned in 1971. During service with the United States Navy, the ship took part in US efforts in the Lebanese civil war and the Gulf War. Saginaw was decommissioned on 28 June 1994 and was transferred to the Royal Australian Navy on 28 August that year.

Recommissioned as HMAS Kanimbla (L 51), the LST underwent a major refit removing its bow ramps and using a crane to load and unload the vessel. The ship was retired from Australian service in 2011 after being replaced by HMAS Choules. The ship was towed back to the United States and broken up for scrap at New Orleans, Louisiana in 2013.

Newport-class tank landing ship
Newport-class tank landing ships were an improved class of tank landing ship (LST) designed for and employed by the United States Navy from 1969 to 2002. The ships were intended to provide substantial advantages over their World War II-era predecessors. Larger and faster than any previous LST design, they carried a ramp over the bow that allowed them to surpass 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), a goal of the United States amphibious forces. 27 were planned of which twenty were completed, the high number due to the demands of US force projection estimates. However, the arrival of the air-cushioned landing craft which allowed for over-the-horizon attacks made the class obsolete in the eyes of the United States Navy. Placed in reserve, twelve were eventually sold to foreign navies, while the remaining eight have since been decommissioned.
Bathgate railway station (1986)
Bathgate railway station was a railway station serving Bathgate in West Lothian, Scotland. It was located at the western end of the Edinburgh-Bathgate Line. The station was 18½ miles (30 km) west of Edinburgh.

Edinburgh–Bathgate line
The Edinburgh–Bathgate line is a railway line in East Central Scotland. It is also known as the Bathgate branch and was originally operated by the Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway. Except for the short section at the original Bathgate terminus, the main line is still in use, with a frequent passenger train service operated by ScotRail.
Judah and 22nd Avenue / Judah and 23rd Avenue stations
Judah and 22nd Avenue / Judah and 23rd Avenue stations are a pair of light rail stops on the Muni Metro N Judah line, located in the Sunset District neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The eastbound stop is located on Judah Street at 22nd Avenue, while westbound trains stop on Judah Street at 23rd Avenue. The stops opened with the N Judah line on October 21, 1928. The station has two short side platforms in the middle of Judah Street (traffic islands) where passengers board or depart from trains. The station is not accessible to people with disabilities.

N Judah
The N Judah is a hybrid light rail/streetcar line of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. The line is named after Judah Street that it runs along for much of its length, named after railroad engineer Theodore Judah. It links downtown San Francisco to the Cole Valley and Sunset neighborhoods. The line provides rail access to Golden Gate Park. It is the busiest line in the Muni Metro system, serving an average of 33,100 weekday passengers in June 2025. It was one of San Francisco's streetcar lines, beginning operation in 1928, and was partially converted to modern light-rail operation with the opening of the Muni Metro system in 1980. While many streetcar lines were converted to bus lines after World War II, the N Judah remained a streetcar line due to its use of the Sunset Tunnel.