hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tung Chung Battery
Tung Chung Battery is a former artillery battery located on Lantau Island in Hong Kong.  Named after the eponymous district it is situated in, it was built in 1817, twenty-four years before the British took possession of Hong Kong.  It was rediscovered in 1980 and is a declared monument of Hong Kong.

Declared monuments of Hong Kong
Declared monuments of Hong Kong are places, structures or buildings legally declared to receive the highest level of protection. In Hong Kong, declaring a monument requires consulting the Antiquities Advisory Board, the approval of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong as well as the publication of the notice on the Hong Kong Government Gazette.

As of December 2024, there are 136 declared monuments in Hong Kong, with 58 listed on Hong Kong Island, 55 on New Territories, 14 on Kowloon, and 9 on the Outlying Islands.

Under Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance, some other buildings are classified as Grades I, II and III historic buildings, and are not listed below.
The Critical Review (Chinese journal)
The Critical Review, also known as Xueheng in Chinese, was a major Chinese-language journal that supports traditional Chinese culture during the New Culture Movement. Generally regarded as cultural conservatism, the scholars who published on the journal, including Wu Mi, Mei Guangdi, Hu Xiansu, Liu Yizheng and Guo Binhe, were termed the Critical Review Group or the Xueheng School, based at National Southeastern University.

Nanjing University
Nanjing University (NJU) is a public university in Nanjing and Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The university is a member of the C9 League.

Established in 1902 as Sanjiang Normal School, Nanjing University underwent a number of name changes, such as Nanjing Higher Normal School, National Southeastern University and National Central University, until it was renamed Nanjing University in 1950. It merged with the University of Nanking in 1952.

Nanjing University has four campuses: the Xianlin campus in the northeast of Nanjing, the Gulou campus in the city center of Nanjing, the Pukou campus in the Pukou District of Nanjing, and the Suzhou campus in the city of Suzhou.
Fjordland
Fjordland is a Norwegian food manufacturer that produces easy made dinners, margarine, yogurt and other dessert dairy products. It is owned by the three agricultural cooperatives Tine, Nortura and Hoff and uses raw products from the three owners as well as seafood. In addition to dinners branded as Fjordland, the company makes the product brands Brelett, Bremykt, Kos, Safari and Yoplait.

The company was founded in 1994 by Tine with the responsibility of producing Bremykt, Brelett and Tine Grøt. In 1996 Norsk Kjøttsamvirke, Norske Potetindustrier and Prior Norge bought part of the company. The dinner courses were launched in 1997.

HOFF Norske Potetindustrier
HOFF SA is a Norwegian agricultural cooperative processing and distributing potato produce. The company is owned by 4,000 farmers and has plants in Inderøy (Sundnes Brenneri), Gjøvik, Brumunddal, and Klepp. The company processes one third of the potato production in the country.

The main products are frozen, fresh and canned potatoes, including french fries, potato starch flour and potato chips. Other products include oil, spice, onion and akvavit. In total the company produces about 100 products.
Mastretta
Mastretta Cars is a Mexican car maker and design studio established by industrial designer Daniel Mastretta in Mexico City in 1987. During the 1990s, Mastretta developed a small number of kit cars under the brands Tecnoidea and Unediseño, but the 2010 MXT is the first developed vehicle to reach international commercial availability.

Mastretta is often incorrectly claimed to be the first Mexican mass-production car maker, but other Mexican automotive companies Dina, Ramirez Industrial Group, VAM and D.M. Nacional had developed their own vehicles since the 1950s to a small national scale.

Kit car
A kit car is an automobile available as a set of parts that a manufacturer sells and the buyer then assembles into a functioning car. Usually, many of the major mechanical systems such as the engine and transmission are sourced from donor vehicles or purchased new from other vendors. Kits vary in completeness, consisting of as little as a book of plans, or as much as a complete set with all components to assemble into a fully operational vehicle such as those from Caterham.
Begonia dregei
Begonia dregei, the maple leaf begonia, grape-leaf begonia, or bonsai begonia, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Begonia native to the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa.

One of its most notable features is the swollen caudex, which stores moisture.

Begonia
Begonia  is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Begoniaceae. The genus contains more than 2,000 different plant species, distributed primarily across tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, with Africa considered the center of origin. Some species are commonly grown indoors as ornamental houseplants in cooler climates, or cultivated outside in summertime for their bright colorful flowers, which have petals but no sepals.
OLM (studio)
OLM, Inc. (formerly Oriental Light and Magic) is a Japanese animation and film studio headquartered in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan, founded on October 3, 1990, by former Studio Gallop and OB Planning employees. They are best known for producing children's anime series such as Pokémon, Yo-kai Watch, and Beyblade Burst. They have also produced many series for older audiences, such as Berserk, Odd Taxi, and The Apothecary Diaries.

Gallop (studio)
Gallop Co., Ltd. (株式会社ぎゃろっぷ, Kabushiki Kaisha Gyaroppu), sometimes credited as Studio Gallop (スタジオぎゃろっぷ, Sutajio Gyaroppu), is a Japanese animation studio founded on December 13, 1978, by former Mushi Pro members.
2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification Group 2
Group 2 of the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying competition consisted of six teams: Italy, Serbia, Slovenia, Republic of Ireland, Lithuania, and Andorra. The composition of the nine groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 5 February 2015.

The group was played in home-and-away round-robin format. The group winners qualified directly for the final tournament, while the runners-up advanced to the play-offs if they were one of the four best runners-up among all nine groups (not counting results against the sixth-placed team).

2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification
The 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying competition was a men's under-21 football competition that determined the 11 teams joining the automatically qualified hosts Poland in the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship tournament final.

A total of 52 UEFA member national teams entered the qualifying competition, with Gibraltar as the only absentee. Players born on or after 1 January 1994 are eligible to participate.
Grady Martin
Thomas Grady Martin (January 17, 1929 – December 3, 2001) was an American session guitarist in country music and rockabilly.

A member of The Nashville A-Team, he played guitar on hits such as Marty Robbins' "El Paso", Loretta Lynn's "Coal Miner's Daughter" and Sammi Smith's "Help Me Make It Through the Night". During a nearly 50-year career, Martin backed many performers, among them, Hank Williams, Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, Johnny Burnette, Don Woody and Arlo Guthrie, Johnny Cash, Patsy Cline and Bing Crosby. He is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame and was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in March 2015.

Johnny Burnette
John Joseph Burnette (March 25, 1934 – August 14, 1964) was an American singer and songwriter of rockabilly and pop music. In 1952, Johnny, his brother Dorsey Burnette, and their mutual friend Paul Burlison, formed the band that became known as the Rock and Roll Trio. His career was cut short on August 14, 1964, when he drowned following a boat accident, aged 30.

He is the father of 1980s rockabilly singer Rocky Burnette.
Werdenfelser Land
The  Werdenfelser Land is a region of Upper Bavaria that extends from Mittenwald in the south to Farchant. It includes parts of the Bavarian Alps. From the Middle Ages until the Thirty Years' War, the Werdenfelser Land was subject to the Prince-Bishop of Freising, not the Duke of Bavaria.

The region derives its name from the medieval Werdenfels Castle north of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The castle acted chiefly to secure the military and trade route that ran through the Loisach valley and linked trading posts in Italy and Upper Bavaria. It is sometimes called the Goldener Land after the wealth derived in the Middle Ages and Renaissance from the traffic along this Rottstraße, the main route over the Alps to Augsburg.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.
Keibu Keioiba (film)
Keibu Keioiba, also known as Kabui Keioiba (English: Tiger Head), is a 2009 Manipuri animation feature film, directed by Bhumenjoy Konsam. It is the first Manipuri animation film, based on the Meitei folklore. 
It was screened in the 11th Mumbai International Film Festival (MIFF) in 2010, under the aegis of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

The ideology of producing the story of Keibu Keioiba in the animated cinema was for the preservation of the nearly extinct Meitei folktales of Manipur.

Meitei folklore
Meitei folklore is the folklore and mythology of the Meitei people of Manipur, India.

Such folklore is traditionally passed from generation to generation. Currently, the government of Manipur is planning to preserve the folklore of the Meitei people through primary education in government institutions.
Corkstown Yard
Corkstown Yard is a future second maintenance, storage and administrative facility for LRT fleet for the Confederation Line of Ottawa's O-Train light rail system. The yard will open in 2027 along with the Moodie Branch of the Stage 2 West extension for Line 3.

Line 1 (O-Train)
Line 1 (French: Ligne 1), also known as the Confederation Line (French: Ligne de la Confédération), is a light rail line operated by OC Transpo in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, part of the city's O-Train system. It opened on September 14, 2019, and is O-Train's second line. It operates on an east–west route, with a segment under Queen Street in the downtown core, complementing the north–south Line 2 that operates to the west of the downtown core. Despite using light rail rolling stock and technology, Line 1 is completely grade separated.

The project was unanimously approved by the Ottawa City Council on December 19, 2012, with the contract being awarded to Rideau Transit Group. Construction began in 2013, as originally scheduled. At a cost of CA$2.130 billion, the first stage of the line was the largest infrastructure project awarded in the history of the city before being surpassed by the Stage 2 extension of the line, which was projected to cost $4.66 billion.
Mookaneri Lake
Mookaneri Lake, also called Kannankurichi Lake, is a lake in Kannankurichi, in the Salem Taluk of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, that covers an area of 23.5 hectares (58 acres). It is located to the south of the Shevaroy Hills and is a major body of water in Salem. The lake is fed by rainfall, including the hills surrounding Yercaud, which flow into the lake via the Puthu Yeri and Kothukaran Odai streams.

There are 47 man-made islands in the lake. Each island was created by excavating and piling lakebed clay about 10 feet high, and covers an area of a few thousand square feet. Initially, millet was planted on the islands to arrest erosion and help build a soil layer before saplings of neem, banyan, jambul, peepal, and vetiver trees could be planted. The lake islands were populated by nearly 12,000 trees as of 2013.

Servarayan Hills
The Servarayan hills, with the anglicised name Shevaroy Hills, are a mountain range (1620 m) near the city of Salem, in Tamil Nadu state, southern India.

The local Tamil name comes from a local deity, Servarayan.
OpenIO
OpenIO offered object storage for a wide range of high-performance applications. OpenIO was founded in 2015 by Laurent Denel (CEO), Jean-François Smigielski (CTO) and five other co-founders; it leveraged open source software, developed since 2006, based on a grid technology that enabled dynamic behaviour and supported heterogenous hardware. In October 2017 OpenIO was completed a $5 million funding rounds. In July 2020 OpenIO had been acquired by OVH and withdrawn from the market to become the core technology of OVHcloud object storage offering.

OVHcloud
OVHcloud, legally OVH Groupe SA, is a French cloud computing company which offers VPS, dedicated servers, and other web services. The company was founded in 1999 by the Klaba family and is headquartered in Roubaix, France. In 2019 OVH adopted OVHcloud as its public brand name.
Noville Peninsula
Noville Peninsula (71°50′S 98°46′W﻿ / ﻿71.833°S 98.767°W﻿ / -71.833; -98.767) is a high ice-covered peninsula about 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) long, between Peale Inlet and Murphy Inlet on the north side of Thurston Island, Antarctica.

Thurston Island
Thurston Island (72°6′S 99°0′W﻿ / ﻿72.100°S 99.000°W﻿ / -72.100; -99.000﻿ (Thurston Island)) is a largely ice-covered, glacially dissected island, 135 nautical miles (250 km; 155 mi) long and 55 nautical miles (102 km; 63 mi) wide, lying between Amundsen Sea and Bellingshausen Sea a short way off the northwest end of Ellsworth Land, Antarctica.
The island is separated from the mainland by Peacock Sound, which is occupied by the west portion of Abbot Ice Shelf.
Nanstein Castle
Nanstein Castle (German: Burg Nanstein) is a ruined medieval spur castle above the town of Landstuhl, Germany, which has been partially reconstructed. Built in the 12th century, the red sandstone rock castle was once owned by Franz von Sickingen who was mortally wounded during a siege of the castle in 1523.

Spur castle
A spur castle is a type of medieval fortification that is sited on a spur of a hill or mountain for defensive purposes. Ideally, it would be protected on three sides by steep hillsides; the only vulnerable side being that where the spur joins the hill from which it projects. By contrast, a ridge castle is only protected by steep terrain on two sides.
Carl Oberg
Carl Albrecht Oberg (27 January 1897 – 3 June 1965) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He served as Senior SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) in occupied France, from May 1942 to November 1944, during the Second World War, Oberg came to be known as the Butcher of Paris.  From May 1942, under orders from Reinhard Heydrich, Oberg ordered the execution of hundreds of hostages and the roundup and deportation of over 40,000 Jews from France to extermination camps, most infamously during the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup with the assistance of the Vichy French police.

Arrested by American military police in Tyrol in July 1945, Oberg was sentenced to death by two different courts: British and French before being handed over to the French. In 1958 his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and later reduced to 20 years at hard labour. Oberg was eventually released on 28 November 1962 and pardoned by President Charles de Gaulle. He died in West Germany on 3 June 1965.

SS and Police Leader
The title of SS and Police Leader (German: SS- und Polizeiführer) designated a senior Nazi Party official who commanded various components of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo; regular uniformed police), before and during World War II in the German Reich proper and in the occupied territories.
Xavier Becerra
Xavier Becerra (Latin American Spanish: [xaˈβjeɾ βeˈsera]; born January 26, 1958) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 25th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services from March 2021 to January 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, Becerra previously served as the attorney general of California from January 2017 until March 2021.

Born in Sacramento, California, Becerra received a bachelor's degree and a law degree from Stanford University. In 1986, he worked as an administrative assistant for state senator Art Torres. He served as a deputy attorney general in the California Department of Justice from 1987 to 1990. Between 1990 and 1992, he was a member of the California State Assembly.

First elected to the House of Representatives in 1992, Becerra was the chairman of the U.S. House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. He is a candidate for governor of California in the 2026 election.

Art Torres
Arthur A. Torres (born September 24, 1946) is an American former politician who served as a member of the California State Legislature. He is the vice chair of the Independent Citizens Oversight Committee, the governing board of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM). CIRM, established in 2005 following the passage of Proposition 71, is charged with allocating US$3 billion to California universities and research institutions to support and advance stem cell research. He is a colon cancer survivor and serves on the board as a patient advocate.

He is also a member of the Board of Regents of the University of California.

Torres served as the chairman of the California Democratic Party from 1996 to 2009. He was the first Latino in the California Democratic Party to have been nominated for statewide office when he won the Democratic primary for insurance commissioner in 1994. He is openly gay. He is the father of a son and daughter.
Grothendieck–Katz p-curvature conjecture
In mathematics, the Grothendieck–Katz p-curvature conjecture is a local-global principle for linear ordinary differential equations, related to differential Galois theory and in a loose sense analogous to the result in the Chebotarev density theorem considered as the polynomial case. It is a conjecture of Alexander Grothendieck from the late 1960s, and apparently not published by him in any form.

The general case remains unsolved, despite recent progress; it has been linked to geometric investigations involving algebraic foliations.

Differential Galois theory
In mathematics, differential Galois theory is the field that studies extensions of differential fields.

Whereas algebraic Galois theory studies extensions of algebraic fields, differential Galois theory studies extensions of differential fields, i.e. fields that are equipped with a derivation, D. Much of the theory of differential Galois theory is parallel to algebraic Galois theory. One difference between the two constructions is that the Galois groups in differential Galois theory tend to be matrix Lie groups, as compared with the finite groups often encountered in algebraic Galois theory.
Wallarobba railway station
Wallarobba railway station is located on the North Coast line in New South Wales, Australia opening on 14 August 1911. It serves the rural locality of Wallarobba. Originally a full-length platform with wooden station buildings it was later replaced by the present short platform. It is serviced by Sydney Trains Hunter Line services travelling between Newcastle and Dungog.

Dungog railway station
Dungog railway station is located on the North Coast line in New South Wales, Australia. It serves the town of Dungog opening on 14 August 1911. Originally built with only one face, in 1944 the platform was converted to an island platform and the present station building constructed.
SABA (hygiene products)
A/S SABA, later SABA Mölnlycke A/S (1986–1996), was a Norwegian company that produced hygiene products such as menstrual pads, tampons, diapers, incontinence products and wet wipes. The company later became part of Sca Mölnlycke, Sca Hygiene Products, and Essity in turn; the name Saba is currently owned by Essity and used for a brand of feminine care products. The company was established in 1945 at Råel in the present-day municipality of Tønsberg, Vestfold. For a time, Saba had several hundred employees and was considered a cornerstone company in the district.

In 1968, Saba was acquired by the Swedish industrial company Mölnlycke AB. In 1996, SCA (Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget) acquired Mölnlycke, and with it Saba. SCA later spun off its hygiene products into the Essity brand in 2017. Production in Tønsberg ceased in 2002, and in 2007 the last employees moved from Tønsberg to the head office in Oslo.

SCA (company)
Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget (lit. 'Swedish Cellulose Stock Corporation') is a Swedish timber, pulp and paper manufacturer with headquarters in Sundsvall. It has approximately 3,450 employees and a turnover of approximately SEK 20.2 billion (€1.8 billion). Its main products include many one-use paper products, containerboard, solid-wood products, pulp and forest-based biofuel. SCA is Europe's largest private owner of forest land, with 2.7 million hectares. The global hygiene product company Essity was part of SCA until 2017.
Pudgie's
Pudgie's Famous Chicken, often referred as simply Pudgie's, is a chain of fast food restaurants. Competing with KFC and Popeyes, many locations today are co-branded with Nathan's Famous, many of which are also co-branded with sister chain Arthur Treacher's, and have several locations in the New York metropolitan area. It is famous for its skinless fried chicken products and for their signature fried chicken having 25% less fat than traditional fried chicken.

Nathan's Famous
Nathan's Famous, Inc., is an American company that operates a chain of fast-food restaurants specializing in hot dogs. The original Nathan's restaurant stands at the corner of Surf and Stillwell avenues in the Coney Island neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. Its restaurants are primarily in the Northeastern United States. The company's headquarters are at One Jericho Plaza in Jericho, part of Oyster Bay, New York.

In January 2026, it was announced that Nathan's Famous had agreed to be bought by Smithfield Foods in a $450 million, all-cash transaction.
Kentucky's 4th congressional district
Kentucky's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Located in the northeastern portion of the state, it is a long district that follows the Ohio River. However, the district is dominated by its far western portion, comprising the eastern suburbs of Louisville and Northern Kentucky, the Kentucky side of the Cincinnati area. It is the richest congressional district in the state of Kentucky.

The majority of voters live in the suburban Cincinnati counties of Boone, Kenton, and Campbell, which includes such suburbs as Fort Mitchell, Covington, Florence, Newport, and Fort Thomas.  The next-largest population center is the northeastern suburbs of Louisville. It stretches as far south as northern portions of the city of Bardstown.

The district is currently represented by Republican Thomas Massie, who was elected in a special election in 2012 to succeed Republican Geoff Davis, who resigned on July 31, 2012, citing family concerns.

Campbell County, Kentucky
Campbell County is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 93,076. Its county seats are Alexandria and Newport. The county was formed on December 17, 1794, from sections of Scott, Harrison, and Mason Counties and was named for Colonel John Campbell (1735–1799), a Revolutionary War soldier and Kentucky legislator.
Campbell County, with Boone and Kenton Counties, is part of the Northern Kentucky metro community, and the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.