hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Burmi campaign
The Burmi campaign was a series of military engagements in 1903 between the British Empire, through its protectorate in Northern Nigeria, and the Sokoto Caliphate. The campaign followed British victories across the Caliphate's emirates and the capture of its twin capitals, Sokoto and Gwandu. After losing Sokoto, Caliph Muhammadu Attahiru I embarked on a hijra with his followers, seeking to avoid British rule and ultimately settle in Mecca. The British pursued him and his growing following, which included emirs, officials, and others opposed to colonial rule, as they travelled eastward. They were eventually cornered at the town of Burmi in the Gombe Emirate. After weeks of fighting, the campaign culminated in the Battle of Burmi on 27 July 1903, in which Attahiru and much of his following were killed. This marked the effective end of the Sokoto Caliphate, with its eastern territories, alongside some of its western territories, absorbed into British Northern Nigeria.

Emirates of the Sokoto Caliphate
The Sokoto Caliphate was a loose confederation of emirates that recognized the suzerainty of the Amir al-Mu'minin. The caliphate was established in 1809 and later became the largest pre-colonial African state. The boundaries of the caliphate are part of present-day Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria.

According to historian Mahmud Modibbo Tukur, by the turn of the 20th-century, the Sokoto Caliphate covered an area of about 150,000 square miles (388,500 square kilometers), not including parts of Adamawa (Fombina), located in modern-day Cameroon, which is estimated to cover over 100,000 square kilometers.

At the end of the 19th-century, the Caliphate comprised 30 emirates, excluding its twin capitals of Gwandu and Sokoto. Some of these emirates had autonomous sub-emirates under them, with Adamawa having the most, numbering over 40.

According to Yusufu Bala Usman, the emirates were:
Glass instrument
This family of musical instruments (also called crystallophones) includes those whose primary material is glass. They may be played using percussive techniques, such as striking the glass to produce a sound, or by utilizing friction to generate a resonant sound (a playing technique used for friction idiophones). Many glass instruments produce an ethereal, otherworldly timbre. A well-known glass instrument is Ben Franklin's glass harmonica.

Glass harmonica
The glass harmonica, also known as the glass armonica, glass harmonium, bowl organ, hydrocrystalophone, or simply the armonica or harmonica is a type of musical instrument that uses a series of glass bowls or goblets graduated in size to produce musical tones by means of friction (instruments of this type are known as friction idiophones). It was invented in 1761 by Benjamin Franklin and produces sound similar to the Glockenspiel.
Caryl Deyn Korma
Caryl Deyn Korma is a Film Director, Senior Colorist and Senior Editor. With more than 20 years of experience, Caryl has the ability to specialize in more than one area of the Film and Television Industry.

His projects as Director and Director of photography include several Fox International Channels TV commercials, and several TV show openings like Prime time Series "Mentes en Shock" for Fox International Channels and MundoFox, and  "Las Fieras del Futbol" for Natgeo (2014).
In 2017 Caryl was the Lead Visual FX Artist for the Netflix special by  Barbra Streisand Barbra: The Music, The Mem'ries, The Magic (2017) .
His projects as Colorist and Senior Editor include "State of Play" for HBO (2016), American Feature film "Towards Darkness" (2007), "Eric Clapton's Crossroads Guitar Festival 2013" and Fox Prime Time American Mental (TV series)(2009).

MundoMax
MundoMax (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmundomaks]; originally known as MundoFox from August 13, 2012, to July 28, 2015) was an American Spanish-language terrestrial television network that was owned by RCN Televisión. The network broadcast programs aimed at Hispanic and Latino American audiences throughout the United States – featuring a mix of telenovelas and other serialized dramas, reality television series, game shows, and feature films (both Spanish-dubbed versions of American films and imported films produced in Spanish-speaking countries).

Headquartered in Los Angeles, MundoMax had been headed since its inception in its pre-July 2015 existence as a joint venture between RCN and U.S.-based Fox Entertainment Group (which originally operated the network through its Fox International Channels division) by network president Jose Molina.
Baháʼí Faith in Liberia
The Baháʼí Faith in Liberia begins with the entrance of the first member of the religion in 1952 and the first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly in 1958 in Monrovia. By the end of 1963 there were five assemblies and Liberian Baháʼís elected their first National Spiritual Assembly in 1975. Hosting various conferences through the '70's the community was somewhat disrupted by the First Liberian Civil War with some refugees going to Côte d'Ivoire in 1990 and the re-establishment of the National Spiritual Assembly in 1998. Third parties invited the modern Baháʼí community into their dialogues in the country while Baháʼís have continued their work supporting a private Baháʼí school, the Baháʼí Academy and a private radio station.

Spiritual Assembly
Spiritual Assembly is a term given by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá to refer to elected councils that govern the Baháʼí Faith. Because the Baháʼí Faith has no clergy, they carry out the affairs of the community.  In addition to existing at the local level, there are national Spiritual Assemblies (although "national" in some cases refers to a portion of a country or to a group of countries). Spiritual Assemblies form part of the elected branch of the Baháʼí administration.
Shou Liang
Shou Liang (fl. 250s–280s), courtesy name Wenshu, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Cao Wei state, then the succeeding Jin dynasty in 266.

Conquest of Shu by Wei
The Conquest of Shu by Wei was a military campaign launched by the dynastic state of Cao Wei against its rival Shu Han in late 263 during the Three Kingdoms period of China. The campaign culminated in the fall of Shu Han and the tripartite equilibrium maintained in China for over 40 years since the end of the Eastern Han dynasty in 220. The conquest laid the foundation for an eventual reunified China under the Western Jin dynasty in 280.
ACS Sepsi SIC
ACS Sepsi SIC Sfântu Gheorghe or commonly Sepsi SIC is a women's basketball professional club based in Sfântu Gheorghe, Romania. The former club was Sepsi BC, but it was dissolved in 2012 and replaced by Sepsi SIC. The club competes in the Romanian First League and for the first time in the EuroCup Women in the 2013–14 season.

EuroCup Women
The EuroCup Women (officially FIBA EuroCup Women) is the second-level basketball competition with teams from associate members of FIBA Europe. 
It succeeds the Ronchetti Cup.

Unlike the EuroCup Men, the competition is entirely organized by FIBA Europe, just like EuroLeague Women
Flatboat
A flatboat (or broadboat) was a rectangular flat-bottomed boat with square ends used to transport freight and passengers on inland waterways in the United States. The flatboat could be any size, but essentially it was a large, sturdy tub with a hull.

A flatboat was almost always a one-way (downstream) vessel, and was usually dismantled for lumber when it reached its destination.

Cargo
In transportation, cargo refers to goods transported by land, water or air, while freight refers to its conveyance. In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in case of goods in the cold-chain, because the perishable inventory is always in transit towards a final end-use, even when it is held in cold storage or other similar climate-controlled facilities, including warehouses.

Multi-modal container units, designed as reusable carriers to facilitate unit load handling of the goods contained, are also referred to as cargo, especially by shipping lines and logistics operators. When empty containers are shipped each unit is documented as a cargo and when goods are stored within, the contents are termed containerized cargo. Similarly, aircraft ULD boxes are also documented as cargo, with an associated packing list of the items contained within.
Disjecta membra
Disjecta membra, also written disiecta membra, is Latin for "scattered fragments" (also scattered limbs, members, or remains) and is used to refer to surviving fragments of ancient poetry, manuscripts, and other literary or cultural objects, including even fragments of ancient pottery.  It is derived from disiecti membra poetae, a phrase used by Horace, a Roman poet.

Latin poetry
The history of Latin poetry can be understood as the adaptation of Greek models. The verse comedies of Plautus, the earliest surviving examples of Latin literature, are estimated to have been composed around 205–184 BC.
Hogeschool Gent
HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts (University College Ghent, Dutch: Hogeschool Gent), often shortened to just HOGENT, is the largest university college in Flanders, with seven faculties, one School of Arts and over 17,000 students as of 2022. Its establishment in 1995 is the outcome of two successful mergers that involved sixteen Belgian institutions of higher education. Many had been influential leaders in higher education for several decades. The current faculties are spread over the city center of Ghent and Aalst.

Aalst, Belgium
Aalst (Dutch pronunciation: [aːlst] ⓘ; French: Alost, pronounced [alɔst]; Brabantian: Oilsjt) is a city and municipality in the province of East Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located on the Dender River, about 31 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Brussels. The municipality comprises the city of Aalst itself and the villages of Baardegem, Erembodegem, Gijzegem, Herdersem, Hofstade, Meldert, Moorsel and Nieuwerkerken; it is the country's tenth largest city by population with  90.068 inhabitants. Aalst is crossed by the Molenbeek-Ter Erpenbeek in Aalst and Hofstade. The current mayor of Aalst is Christoph D'Haese, from the New-Flemish Alliance party. The town has a long-standing folkloric feud with Dendermonde, north along the same river, which dates from the Middle Ages.
Lukens Steel Company
Lukens Steel Company, located in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, is the oldest iron mill in commission within the United States.

In 1995, it was one of the three largest producers of plate steel and the largest domestic manufacturer of alloy-plate. It is ranked fourth out of 24 public steel corporations in profitability, earning 14.8% equity five years in a row. The company produces carbon, alloy, and clad steel plates along with stainless steel sheets, strips, plates, hot bands, and slabs.

International Steel Group
International Steel Group Inc. (ISG), headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, was one of the largest integrated steel producers in North America. It had annual raw steel production capability of 23 million net tons. In April 2005, the company was acquired by Mittal Steel Company.
The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual
"The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual" is a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. The story was originally published in The Strand Magazine in the United Kingdom in May 1893, and in Harper's Weekly in the United States on 13 May 1893. It was collected in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes.

Unlike the majority of Holmes stories, the main narrator is not Doctor Watson, but Sherlock Holmes himself. With Watson providing an introduction, the story within a story is a classic example of a frame tale. It is one of the earliest recorded cases investigated by Holmes, and establishes his problem solving skills.

"The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual" shares elements with two Edgar Allan Poe tales: "The Gold-Bug" and "The Cask of Amontillado".

The Strand Magazine
The Strand Magazine was a monthly British magazine founded by George Newnes, composed of short fiction and general interest articles. It was published in the United Kingdom from January 1891 to March 1950, running to 711 issues, though the first issue was on sale well before Christmas 1890.
Its immediate popularity is evidenced by an initial sale of nearly 300,000. Sales increased in the early months, before settling down to a circulation of almost 500,000 copies a month, which lasted well into the 1930s.

It was edited by Herbert Greenhough Smith from 1891 to 1930. The popularity of Sherlock Holmes became widespread after first appearing in the magazine in 1891. The magazine's original offices were on Burleigh Street off The Strand, London. It was revived in 1998 as a quarterly magazine.
Bengali-Fodé Koita
Bengali-Fodé Koita (born 21 October 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Turkish TFF 1. Lig club Iğdır. Born in France, he represented it on junior level, before switching allegiance to Guinea.

Guinea national football team
The Guinea national football team (French:  Équipe de football de Guinée) represents Guinea in men's international football and is controlled by the Guinean Football Federation. They have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup finals, and their best finish in the Africa Cup of Nations was runners-up in 1976. The team reached the quarter-finals in four recent tournaments (2004, 2006, 2008 and 2015). The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
Isaac T. Bishop
Isaac Thorn Bishop Sr. (June 6, 1844 – July 20, 1920) was an American farmer and Republican politician from Kenosha County, Wisconsin.  He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing the Wisconsin's 3rd Senate district for two terms (1907–1915).

Wisconsin's 3rd Senate district
The 3rd Senate district of Wisconsin is one of 33 districts in the Wisconsin Senate.  Located in southeast Wisconsin, the district is entirely contained within central Milwaukee County.  It comprises much of the south side of the city of Milwaukee, as well as the village of West Milwaukee and eastern parts of the cities of West Allis and Greenfield.  The district contains landmarks such as American Family Field (home of the Milwaukee Brewers), Walker's Point Historic District, the Mitchell Park Domes, and the historic Forest Home Cemetery.  The district also contains the largest concentration of Hispanic residents in Wisconsin, at 45% of the district population.
Ozzy Inguanzo
Ozzy Inguanzo is a Cuban-American screenwriter, producer, and published author. His feature screenplay Our Man in Miami made the 2023 Black List. In 2019, he received the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Documentary Screenplay.

Writers Guild of America Award for Best Documentary Screenplay
The Writers Guild of America Award for Best Documentary Screenplay is one of three screenwriting Writers Guild of America Awards focused specifically for film. The award is presented to the best screenplay of the year for a documentary feature. It has been presented annually since the 57th Writers Guild of America Awards in 2005. Alex Gibney is the only person to win multiple awards, winning four. Gibney also holds the record for nominations with eleven. Ari Folman's Waltz with Bashir remains the only animated film to ever won a WGA award.
H0f gauge
H0f gauge, occasional as H0i gauge designated, is a rail transport modelling scale representing Feldbahn-style 2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways using 1:87 HO scale running on Z gauge 6.5-millimetre (0.26 in) track.  The Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen NEM 010 specification defines H0f for modelling gauges 400–650 millimetres (16–26 in), as part of the 1:87-scale family that includes narrow-gauge railway models using H0e gauge and metre-gauge railway models using H0m gauge.

HO scale
HO or H0 is a rail transport modelling scale using a 1:87 scale (3.5 mm to 1 foot). It is the most popular scale of model railway in the world. The rails are spaced 16.5 millimetres (0.650 in) apart for modelling 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge tracks and trains in HO.

The name HO comes from 1:87 scale being half that of O scale, which was originally the smallest of the series of older and larger 0, 1, 2 and 3 gauges introduced by Märklin around 1900. Rather than referring to the scale as "half-zero" or "H-zero", English-speakers have consistently  pronounced it /eɪtʃ oʊ/ and have generally written it with the letters HO. In other languages it also remains written with the letter H and number 0 (zero); in German it is thus pronounced as [ha: 'nʊl]. In Japan, many models are produced using 1:80 scale (16.5 mm track is still used).
C. G. Reagan
C. G. Reagan was an officer during the American Civil War, a state legislator, and prosecuting attorney in Arkansas.

He was a Captain of the Confederate States Army Company 'K' during the American Civil War.

He was a prosecuting attorney for the Eighth Circuit beginning in 1865.

He served in the Arkansas Senate in the 20th and 21st sessions from November 10, 1874, until March 8, 1877, representing the 24th district, for Benton and Madison counties.

In the 1877 composite photo of Arkansas senators, his post office is listed as in Huntsville, Arkansas in Madison County, Arkansas.

Madison County, Arkansas
Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,521. The county seat is Huntsville. The county was formed on September 30, 1836, and named for Madison County, Alabama, the home of some early settlers. They also named the county seat after Madison County in Alabama's county seat, Huntsville. Madison County is part of the Northwest Arkansas region.
Karam Chand Thapar
Karam Chand Thapar (1900–1962) was the founder of the Thapar Group of companies.

He was originally from Punjab. He started his career in 1920 as a coal trader in Calcutta, and built up the family fortune through Karam Chand Thapar and Bros. He then started JCT Limited which is into textiles as well as molasses and alcohol. He also took over the Oriental Bank of Commerce, and ventured into paper manufacturing with the Ballarpur Industries Limited.

In 1956, he started Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology which was given the status of Deemed University in 1985 and renamed as Thapar University.

Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (TIET), formerly Thapar University, is a private deemed-to-be-university, in Patiala, India. The institute provides multiple subjects; including art, computer science, liberal arts and business administration.
Ellis baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Ellis, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extinct.

The Ellis Baronetcy, of Byfleet in the County of Surrey and of Hertford Street, Mayfair, in the County of Middlesex, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 6 June 1882 for Sir John Ellis on his retirement as Lord Mayor of London. The title became extinct on his death in 1912.

The Ellis Baronetcy, of Threshfield in the West Riding of the County of York, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 24 June 1932 for the Conservative politician Robert Ellis. The title became extinct on his death in 1956.

Sir Geoffrey Ellis, 1st Baronet
Sir Robert Geoffrey Ellis, 1st Baronet (4 September 1874 in Shipley, West Yorkshire – 28 July 1956) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

Ellis was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Wakefield at the 1922 general election, but lost the seat at the 1923 general election.  He was re-elected in 1924, but defeated again in 1929.

Ellis did not contest Wakefield again, but at the 1931 general election he was returned as MP for Winchester. At the 1935 general election, he did not stand again in Winchester, but was elected instead for the Conservative safe seat of Sheffield Ecclesall. He retired from the House of Commons at the 1945 general election.

He was made a baronet, of Threshfield in the West Riding of the County of York, in 1932.
Kalani Sitake
Kelaokalani Fifita "Kalani" 'Sitake (born October 10, 1975) is a Tongan–American football coach and former player who is the head football coach at Brigham Young University.

Sitake played college football as a fullback for BYU under coach LaVell Edwards, graduating in 2000. He played professionally briefly in the National Football League before suffering a career-ending injury. As a coach, Sitake has held assistant coaching positions at BYU, Utah, Oregon State, EAC, and SUU. In 2016, he became the head coach for BYU, where he has (as of the end of the 2025) led the Cougars to four 10-win seasons. His .648 win record places him among the top 20 active FBS coaches in total victories. He is the first Tongan to become a collegiate football head coach, and he was inducted into the Polynesian Football Hall of Fame in 2025.

Eastern Arizona College
Eastern Arizona College (EAC), is a community college in Graham County, Arizona, United States. The main campus is in Thatcher, with satellite locations in Gila County and Greenlee County.  It is the oldest community college in Arizona and the only one in the state with a marching band.
Becerro Galicano
The cartulary of the monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla in Spain survives as a codex called the Becerro galicano. It contains more than 200 folio sheets, the work of a single scribe active at the end of the 12th century.
The scribe was transcribing earlier documents which are sometimes dated. The dating cannot always be taken at face value: sometimes monasteries used documentary fabrication to reclaim lost prestige. In the case of San Millán de la Cogolla, it has been pointed out that it was in the interests of the monastery to include in the cartulary claims in respect of patrimony associated with episcopal titles which its abbots had held under Navarrese royal patronage.

Becerro is a Spanish term for a monastic cartulary. It is derived from the word for the calf-binding typical of Spanish cartularies (although in this case the binding is goatskin). Galicano refers to Carolingian script, the type of script used. The monastery originally had another cartulary in Gothic script.

Cartulary
A cartulary or chartulary (/ˈkɑːrtjʊləri/; Latin: cartularium or chartularium), also called pancarta or codex diplomaticus, is a medieval manuscript volume or roll (rotulus) containing transcriptions of original documents relating to the foundation, privileges, and legal rights of ecclesiastical establishments, municipal corporations, industrial associations, institutions of learning, or families. The term is sometimes also applied to collections of original documents bound in one volume or attached to one another so as to form a roll, as well as to custodians of such collections.
Southeast Hills
The Southeast Hills (Chinese: 东南丘陵), also translated as the Southeastern Hills or Dongnan Qiuling, are a hilly landform region located in southeastern China. They extend northwards to the Yangtze River valley, connect westwards with the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, and border the coast to the east, forming a vast expanse of hills and low mountains. The area north of the Nanling is often referred to as the Jiangnan Hills, while the area south of the Nanling is known as the Liangguang Hills. Within Zhejiang and Fujian, it is also commonly called the Zhejiang–Fujian Hills. The principal mountain ranges of the Southeast Hills include Huangshan, Jiuhuashan, Hengshan, Danxia, Wuyi, and Nanling.

Mount Danxia
Mount Danxia (Chinese: 丹霞山; pinyin: Dānxiá Shān) is a noted scenic mountainous area in Renhua County, in the northern part of Guangdong province. It is described on the local signage as a "world famous UNESCO geopark of China". It was inscribed as part of the China Danxia World Heritage Site in 2010 because of its unique geographical in  formations and spectacular scenery.
It is too a AAAAA Chinese attractions.