hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Francesc Fontbona
Francesc Fontbona de Vallescar (born 20 July 1948, in Barcelona) is a Catalan art historian, writer, exhibition curator and specialist in Romanticism, Catalan Modernism and Noucentisme Arts. Fontbona is the author of many works of Catalan art history. Doctorate in Early modern period from the Universitat de Barcelona in 1987. He was director of Graphic section in National Library of Catalonia (1995-2013), and Chief executive-writer of art section in the Great Catalan Encyclopedia (1968–78). Francesc Fontbona is member of  the Royal Catalan Academy of Fine Arts of Saint George, member of The Hispanic Society of America, member of the Institut d’Estudis Catalans and Board chair of the Institut Amatller d'Art Hispànic.

Institute for Catalan Studies
The Institute for Catalan Studies (Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans [instiˈtud dəsˈtuðis kətəˈlans]), also known by the acronym IEC, is an academic institution which seeks to undertake research and study into "all elements of Catalan culture". It is based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Uttam AESA Radar
Uttam (lit. 'Excellent') is a solid-state gallium arsenide (GaAs) based AESA radar under development by the Electronics and Radar Development Establishment, a laboratory of the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation. It is an LPI (Low Probability of Intercept) liquid cooled AESA radar featuring quad-band modules that can be stacked to form a larger unit. The Uttam Mk-1 has a total of 912 TRMs.

Gallium arsenide
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure.

Gallium arsenide is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells and optical windows.

GaAs is often used as a substrate material for the epitaxial growth of other III-V semiconductors, including indium gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium arsenide and others.
Vasil Bozhikov
Vasil Georgiev Bozhikov (Bulgarian: Васил Георгиев Божиков; born 2 June 1988) is a Bulgarian retired professional footballer who captained his latest club - Fortuna Liga club Slovan Bratislava and played for the Bulgarian national team. He usually played as a centre back.

Bozhikov began his senior career with Third League club Gigant Saedinenie, spending two and a half seasons before signed his first professional contract with First League club Minyor Pernik in February 2009. After three years with Minyor, he joined Litex Lovech in January 2012. Bozhikov made over 100 appearances for Litex and signed for Turkish Süper Lig club Kasımpaşa in July 2015. After two seasons with Kasımpaşa, he signed for Slovan Bratislava on a free transfer in July 2017.

In 2016, Bozhikov won his first cap for Bulgaria, having previously played for the under-21 team. Since his senior international debut, he has made over 20 appearances for the national team.

Bulgaria national football team
The Bulgaria national football team (Bulgarian: Български национален отбор по футбол, romanized: Bǎlgarski natsionalen otbor po futbol) represents Bulgaria in men's international football, and is administered by the Bulgarian Football Union, a member association of UEFA.

Bulgaria's best achievements are reaching the final at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the fourth-place finish at the FIFA World Cup in 1994. Bulgaria have competed at a total of seven World Cups, debuting in 1962 and last appearing in 1998. In addition, they have participated in two European Championships, in 1996 and 2004, the latter marking their most recent major tournament appearance. The team has also competed at and won three titles in the Balkan Cup.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Department of Excise and Taxation
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Department of Excise & Taxation (Pashto: د عوایدو ریاست خیبر پښتونخوا, Urdu: ) is concerned with Excise & Taxation in the Pakistan province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is headed by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Minister of Excise & Taxation, who is a member of the Chief Minister's Cabinet.

Mr. Mian Jamshed-ud-Din was appointed as the first Minister of Excise & Taxation part of PTI by Chief Minister of KP Pervez Khattak on May 7, 2014. The incumbent minister in charge is Khaliq-ur-Rehman, who was appointed by Chief Minister Ali Amin Gandapur.

Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the head of government of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The chief minister leads the legislative branch of the provincial government, and is elected by the Provincial Assembly. As long as she or he has the confidence of the assembly, a single term in office for the chief minister can be a maximum of five years. There is no limit on the number of terms.

The chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is elected by the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to serve as the head of the provincial government in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Thika United F.C.
Thika United Football Club is an association football club based in Thika, Kenya, which currently competes in the Kenyan Super League, the second tier of the Kenyan football league system. They play their home games at the Sea Joy Arena.

The club was formed in 2000 as Beirut FC. The following year, after being promoted to the Nationwide League (second level), it adopted a new name, Medisca Thika, after its then sponsors. The current name (Thika United FC) has been in use since 2003, which was also its first year in the top flight under the sponsorship of Brookside Dairies. Midfielder Matthew Dickinson hit the headlines of local and some national newspapers when he left local team Brislington Badgers in Bristol, England, to travel to Kenya to gain nationality and happened to earn himself a lengthy contract with Thika United.

Kenyan Premier League
The Kenyan Premier League (KPL), officially known as the SportPesa League, is a professional league for men's football clubs in Kenya. Standing at the top of the Kenyan football league system, the league was formed in 1963 under the Kenya Football Federation but is now controlled by the Football Kenya Federation. It is contested by 18 clubs and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Kenyan National Super League. Kenya Police are the current champions, having won the 2024–25 season.

The league was mostly stable until the late 1990s and since then its performance had been considered below average, with many of the league's clubs having little or no finances to support themselves. However, when SuperSport became an official league partner, the league has taken on a more serious role with teams becoming professional and the majority of the clubs managing to get kit sponsorships. This saw the level of competition improve compared to past.
Propane Nightmares
"Propane Nightmares" is a song by Australian drum and bass band Pendulum, released as the second single from their second album In Silico. It incorporates elements of the song "Million Miles from Home" by German happy hardcore band Dune. It has received significant airplay on BBC Radio 1, being played frequently by DJ Zane Lowe.

The song was released exclusively for download on 12 April 2008 in Australia and New Zealand, where Pendulum were on tour at the time. It was later released globally for download on 21 April, and on physical formats on 28 April. The song reached number sixteen in the UK Singles Chart on April 27 based on downloads alone, and on May 4, the song peaked at number nine. It was also the official theme song of WWE Cyber Sunday 2008 as well as being used as background music for the official video highlights of the 2008 Belgian Grand Prix. It is also used as the runout song for Rotherham United football team.

Pendulum (drum and bass band)
Pendulum is an Australian drum and bass band founded in 2002. Pendulum originally formed in the city of Perth, Western Australia, by Rob Swire, Gareth McGrillen and Paul "El Hornet" Harding. The band was later expanded to include members Ben Mount, Peredur ap Gwynedd and KJ Sawka. The group is notable for its distinctive sound, mixing electronic music with hard rock and covering a wide range of genres.

Their debut studio album, Hold Your Colour, was released in 2005 to positive critical reception. While Hold Your Colour was mostly of the drum and bass genre, the succeeding albums In Silico and Immersion saw experimentation of other genres such as industrial rock and electronic rock.

In 2012, the band went on hiatus as Swire and McGrillen concentrated on their side-project Knife Party. In 2015, the band reformed and released the remix album The Reworks in 2018. The band have since released the EPs Elemental (2021) and Anima (2023), and in 2025 released a fourth album titled Inertia.
F. Luis Mora
Francis Luis Mora (July 27, 1874 – June 5, 1940) was a Uruguayan-born American figural painter. Mora worked in watercolor, oils and tempera. He produced drawings in pen and ink, and graphite; and etchings and monotypes. He is known for his paintings and drawings depicting American life in the early 20th century; Spanish life and society; historical and allegorical subjects; with murals, easel painting and illustrations. He also was a popular art instructor.

William Merritt Chase
William Merritt Chase (November 1, 1849 – October 25, 1916) was an American painter, known as an exponent of Impressionism and as a teacher. He is also responsible for establishing the Chase School, which later became the Parsons School of Design.
Sathighar Bhagawati
Sathighar Bhagawati is a market place in Panchkhal Municipality in Kabhrepalanchok District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. It was merged to form the new municipality along with Panchkhal, Deuvumi Baluwa, Anaikot and Sathighar Bhagawati village development committee on 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2732 in 534 individual households.

Panchkhal
Panchkhal (Nepali: पाँचखाल) is a Municipality in Kavrepalanchok District in the Bagmati Province of central Nepal. Panchkhal has an area of 103 km2 and population density of 386.6/km2, according to the 2011 census. Glacial strand retreat and fluvial incision led to
develop landscapes and evolve the area having a
relief of about 122 to 750 m. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 35340 in 8948 households combining of the previous VDCs that were merged.
Previous Anaikot, HokseBazar, Kharelthok, Koshidekha, Baluwa & Panchkhal VDCs was merged to form the agriculturally rich Panchkhal Municipality with the motto of "पाँचखाल नगर, कृषि शहर (Panchkhal Municipal-Agriculture City)".
Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe
Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe, CCS (18 March 1913 – 4 December 1980) was a Sri Lankan diplomat and civil servant. He was High Commissioner to India and concurrently Ambassador to both Nepal and Afghanistan (1963–1967) and Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance and Treasury and the Ministry of Health. Amerasinghe served as Ceylon's Permanent Representative to the United Nations 1967 to 1980 and served as President of the United Nations General Assembly in 1976. He was also one of the leaders of the negotiations to draft the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

Amerasinghe was the close cousin of famed Sri Lankan nation builder Samson Felix Amarasinghe,OBE,  (correct spelling Amerasinghe).They were close allies throughout his life.

President of the United Nations General Assembly
The president of the United Nations General Assembly is a position voted by representatives in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on a yearly basis. The president is the chair and presiding officer of the General Assembly.
William R. Rush
William Rees Rush (1857–1940) was an officer in the United States Navy during the Spanish–American War, the 1914 United States occupation of Veracruz, and World War I, and was a recipient of the Medal of Honor and the Navy Cross.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Tierra Rejada Park
Tierra Rejada Park is a 150-acre (61 ha) park located in the northern Simi Hills foothills, in southwestern Simi Valley city near Moorpark, in Ventura County, California.

There are several trails leaving from the park to: Moorpark; Mount McCoy, Oak Canyon, Coyote Hills Park, Long Canyon, Wood Ranch Open Space, and other open-space nature areas in southwestern Simi Valley. Trails up into the Simi Hills, offer panoramic views of the Simi Valley, the Santa Rosa Valley, eastern Moorpark, and the western Santa Susana Mountains.

The main Tierra Rejada Trailhead is adjacent to the Arroyo Simi wash, and the city is planning trailheads from the park along the new Arroyo Simi Greenway along the creek.

Simi Valley, California
Simi Valley (/ˈsiːmiː/ ⓘ; Chumash: Shimiyi) is a city in the valley of the same name in southeastern Ventura County, California, United States. It is 37 miles (60 km) northwest of Downtown Los Angeles, making it part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. Simi Valley borders Thousand Oaks, Moorpark, and the Chatsworth neighborhood of Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, Simi Valley had a population of 126,356. The city of Simi Valley is surrounded by the Santa Susana Mountains and the Simi Hills, west of the San Fernando Valley, and northeast of the Conejo Valley. It grew as a bedroom community for the cities in the Los Angeles area and the San Fernando Valley when a freeway was built over the Santa Susana Pass.

The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, where the former president was buried in 2004, is in Simi Valley.
The Wind in the Willows (2016 musical)
The Wind in the Willows  is a musical written by Julian Fellowes, with music and lyrics by George Stiles and Anthony Drewe, based on the 1908 novel of the same name, written by Kenneth Grahame. The musical received its world premiere at the Theatre Royal in Plymouth in October 2016, before transferring to The Lowry in Salford and the Mayflower Theatre in Southampton. The following year the production transferred to the West End's London Palladium, where it was filmed for cinema broadcast.

The Lowry
Lowry is a theatre and gallery complex at Salford Quays, Salford, Greater Manchester, England. It is named after the early 20th-century painter L. S. Lowry, known for his paintings of industrial scenes in North West England. The complex opened on 28 April 2000 and was officially opened on 12 October 2000 by Queen Elizabeth II.
Jaden Robinson
Jaden Robinson (born November 14, 2000) is an American professional football cornerback for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oregon State Beavers and was signed by the Broncos as an undrafted free agent in 2025.

Oregon State Beavers football
The Oregon State Beavers football team represents Oregon State University in NCAA Division I FBS college football. The team first fielded an organized football team in 1893 and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference.

Their home games are played at Reser Stadium in Corvallis, Oregon.
Filippo Paulucci
Filippo Paulucci delle Roncole (11 September 1779 – 25 January 1849), also known as Filipp Osipovich Pauluchchi (Russian: Филипп Осипович Паулуччи), was an Italian marquis and army officer, later a general at the services of the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Russian Empire.

Born into a prominent Modenese noble family, he served as a junior officer in the Sardinian Army during the War of the First Coalition (1794–96). After brief services in the Cisalpine Republic and Austrian armies in Italy, in 1806 he moved into Russian service and climb the ranks to the position of governor general of Livonia. In 1829 he returned in Piedmont and was appointed full general and Inspector general of Infantry and Cavalry on 1830, only to be dismissed a year later when King Carlo Felice died. In 1848 Paulucci was rumored as a possible Commander-in-Chief for the Sardinian Army, but he refused any involvements. He died peacefully in Nice the following year.

Royal Sardinian Army
The Royal Sardinian Army (also the Sardinian Army, the Royal Sardo-Piedmontese Army, the Savoyard Army, or the Piedmontese Army) was the army of the Duchy of Savoy and then of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was active from 1416 until it became the Royal Italian Army on 4 May 1861.

Generally, the term "Savoyard Army" is used for the period when the rulers of Savoy held only the title of Duke, while "Sardinian Army" is preferred for the period after they obtained the title of King of Sardinia in 1720.
California State Route 193
State Route 193 (SR 193) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs through Placer and El Dorado counties. It begins as an east–west arterial road running from Lincoln to Newcastle, just west of Auburn. Then after concurrencies with Interstate 80 and State Route 49 through Auburn, SR 193 resumes heading eastward from Cool to Georgetown, then turning south to rejoin SR 49 just north of Placerville.

Placerville, California
Placerville (/ˈplæsərvɪl/, PLASS-ər-vil; placer, Spanish for "sand deposit", representing the placer mining that was predominant in the town's development, and ville, French for "town") is a city in and the county seat of El Dorado County, California, United States. The population was 10,747 as of the 2020 census, up from 10,389 as of the 2010 census. It is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area.
Spinifex Gum
Spinifex Gum are an Australian musical collective based in Cairns, a collaboration between the Indigenous ensemble the Marliya Choir, Felix Riebl and Ollie McGill of the Melbourne band The Cat Empire, Lyn Williams, and Deborah Brown. The performers share the stories of the Yindjibarndi people in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.

The Cat Empire
The Cat Empire are an Australian jazz and funk band, formed in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1999. For most of the band's duration, the core members were Felix Riebl (lead vocals, percussion), Harry James Angus (trumpet, vocals), Will Hull-Brown (drums), Jamshid "Jumps" Khadiwhala (turntables, percussion), Ollie McGill (keyboards, backing vocals) and Ryan Monro (bass, backing vocals). Monro retired from the band in March 2021, while Angus, Hull-Brown and Khadiwhala all left in April 2022. They are often supplemented by The Empire Horns, a brass duo composed of Ross Irwin (trumpet) and Kieran Conrau (trombone), among others. Their sound is a fusion of jazz, funk, ska, and rock with heavy Latin influences.
New Mexico State Road 7
New Mexico State Road 7 (NM 7) is a 7.199-mile-long (11.586 km) paved, two-lane state highway in Eddy County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. NM 7 east terminus is in Whites City at the road's junction with U.S. Route 62 and U.S. Route 180 which run concurrently at that location. The road travels mostly west from there in a somewhat winding path leading to Carlsbad Caverns National Park Visitors Center.

U.S. Route 62
U.S. Route 62 or U.S. Highway 62 (US 62) is an east–west United States Highway in the southern and northeastern United States. It runs from the Mexican border at El Paso, Texas, to Niagara Falls, New York, near the Canadian border. It is the only east–west United States Numbered Highway that connects Mexico and Canada. Parts of US 62 follow what once was the Ozark Trail, including the historic bridge across the South Canadian River in Newcastle, Oklahoma (the first structure built with federal highway funds in Oklahoma after lobbying efforts by Stanley Draper). This bridge was damaged beyond repair by the 2013 Moore tornado that struck Newcastle and Moore, Oklahoma. The highway is signed north–south in New York and Pennsylvania, reflecting its directional orientation in both states, and is signed east-west for the remainder of its course.
Peasant Character Studies (Van Gogh series)
Peasant Character Studies is a series of works that Vincent van Gogh made between 1881 and 1885.

Van Gogh had a particular attachment and sympathy for peasants and other working class people that was fueled in several ways. He was particularly fond of the peasant genre work of Jean-François Millet and others.  He found the subjects noble and important in the development of modern art.  Van Gogh had seen the changing landscape in the Netherlands as industrialization encroached on once pastoral settings and the livelihoods of the working poor with little opportunity to change vocation.

Van Gogh had a particular interest in creating character studies of working men and women in the Netherlands and Belgium, such as farmers, weavers, and fishermen.  Making up a large body of Van Gogh's work during this period, the character studies were an important, foundational component in his artistic development.

The Potato Eaters
The Potato Eaters (Dutch: De Aardappeleters) is an oil painting by Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh painted in April 1885 in Nuenen, Netherlands.

It is in the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. The original oil sketch is at the Kröller-Müller Museum in Otterlo. He also made lithographs of the image, which are held in collections including the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. The painting is considered to be one of Van Gogh's masterpieces.
Jim Murphy (hurler)
Jim Murphy was an Irish hurler. His championship career at senior level with the Cork county team lasted from 1912 until 1919.

Born in Cork, Murphy first played competitive hurling with the St Finbarr's club. During a successful period for the club, he won four county championship medals.

Murphy made his debut with the Cork senior team during the 1912 championship and went on to become a regular member of the team at various times over the following few years. During this time he won one All-Ireland medal. Murphy also won three Munster medals.

1912 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1912 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 26th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 19 May 1912 and ended on 17 November 1912.

Kilkenny were the defending champions, and successfully defended their title following a 2–1 to 1–3 defeat of Cork in the final.
Ismat Beg
Ismat Beg, FPAS, FIMA, (Urdu: عصمت بیگ; born January 1951) is a Pakistani mathematician and researcher. Beg is a Distinguished National Professor at Lahore School of Economics, Higher Education Commission and an honorary full professor at the Mathematics Division at the Ruggero Santilli Institute for Basic Research, Florida, US. 
Beg's scientific contributions cover a wide range of topics spanning fixed point theory and approximations, order structure, fuzzy sets and systems, artificial intelligence and multicriteria decision theory.

Pakistan Academy of Sciences
The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (Urdu: پاکستان اکادمی برائے سائنس) (abbreviated as: PAS), is a learned society of sciences, which described itself as "a repository of the highest scientific talent available in the country."

Established in 1953 in Lahore, Punjab, the academy acts as a consultative forum and scientific advisor to the Pakistan government on important aspects on the affairs of all forms of science– the social and physical sciences. Regulating affairs of by its Charter and laws approved by the fellows, the academy is governed by a council that is chaired by its President.

Due to its utmost importance, the fellowship of the academy is extremely restricted, only to the scholars of the high merit who have made outstanding contributions to the advancement of scientific knowledge.