hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pam Duncan-Glancy
Pam Duncan-Glancy MBE  (born 2 November 1981) is a Scottish independent politician. Formerly a member of Scottish Labour she has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Glasgow region since May 2021. She is the first permanent wheelchair user elected to the Scottish Parliament.

Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; Scottish Gaelic: Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; Scots: Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.
Arcata Community Recycling Center
The Arcata Community Recycling Center (ACRC),  founded in 1971 as part of the Northcoast Environmental Center, is one of America's oldest non-profit recycling facilities.  The center promotes environmental awareness in the North Coast and facilitates diversion of materials from landfills in Arcata and Eureka, California.

Saddled by debt associated with an $8 million construction project in neighboring Samoa, California and loss of a processing agreement with the local waste management authority, in January 2012 operations of the old ACRC and its Samoa facility were terminated. After 10 months during which the organization no longer processed recyclables, in November 2012 a new Arcata Community Recycling Center was launched in its historic Arcata location.

Arcata, California
Arcata (/ɑːrˈkeɪ.tə/; Wiyot: Goudi’ni; Yurok: Oket'oh) is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay (northern) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County, California, United States. At the 2020 census, Arcata's population was 18,857. Arcata was first founded in 1850 as Union, was officially established in 1858, and was renamed Arcata in 1860. It is located 280 miles (450 km) north of San Francisco (via Highway 101), and is home to California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt. Arcata is also the location of the Arcata Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Land Management, which is responsible for the administration of natural resources, lands and mineral programs, including the Headwaters Forest, on approximately 200,000 acres (810 km2) of public land in Northwestern California.
Jonas Fransson
Jonas Fransson (born February 20, 1980) is a Swedish professional ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for Rögle BK in the Swedish HockeyAllsvenskan.

He was the backup goaltender with Linköpings HC, behind former IIHF goalie Daniel Henriksson.

Linköping HC
Linköping Hockey Club, often known by its initials LHC, or colloquially among its fans as Cluben, is a Swedish professional ice hockey club from Linköping, founded in 1976. The home arena of the team is Saab Arena (formerly Cloetta Center) which accommodates 8,190 spectators.

Competing in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the club is placed twelfth in the marathon standings for the top Swedish ice hockey league.
The Gleiwitz Case
The Gleiwitz Case (German: Der Fall Gleiwitz) is an East German war film directed by Gerhard Klein. It was released in 1961. The plot was reconstructed exactly according to the statements of SS-Man Alfred Naujocks before British authorities at the Nuremberg trials.

Alfred Naujocks
Alfred Helmut Naujocks (20 September 1911 – 4 April 1966), alias Hans Müller, Alfred Bonsen, and Rudolf Möbert, was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) functionary during the Third Reich. He took part in the staged Gleiwitz incident, a false flag operation intended to provide the justification for the attack on Poland by Nazi Germany, which ultimately culminated in starting World War II.
UFC 66
UFC 66: Liddell vs. Ortiz was a mixed martial arts (MMA) pay-per-view event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on December 30, 2006 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in the Las Vegas suburb of Paradise, Nevada.

MGM Grand Garden Arena
The MGM Grand Garden Arena is a 17,000-seat multi-purpose arena within the MGM Grand resort, located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The venue opened on December 31, 1993, with a concert by Barbra Streisand, and subsequent concerts by Luther Vandross, Anita Mui and Janet Jackson.
Austrian Audio
Austrian Audio is an Austrian company specializing in the design and manufacture of microphones and headphones for professional users (stage and studio technology). Founded in July 2017, the company's establishment was prompted by the closure of the AKG Acoustics offices in Vienna, Austria. In 2025 the company has been acquired by DPA Microphones.

Microphone
A microphone, colloquially called a mic (/maɪk/), or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in telecommunication, sound recording, broadcasting, and consumer electronics, including telephones, hearing aids, and mobile devices.

Several types of microphone are used today, which employ different methods to convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal. The most common are the dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field; the condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate; and the contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. Microphones typically need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced.
Explicit formula
Explicit formula can refer to:

Closed-form expression, a mathematical expression in terms of a finite number of well-known functions

Analytical expression, a mathematical expression in terms of a finite or infinite number of well-known functions

Algebraic expression, a mathematical expression in terms of a finite number of algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by a rational exponent )

Explicit formulae (L-function), relations between sums over the complex number zeroes  of an L-function and sums over prime powers

Closed-form expression
In mathematics, a closed form expression or formula is one that is formed with constants, variables, and a set of functions considered as basic and connected by arithmetic operations (+, −, ×, /, and integer powers) and function composition. Commonly, the basic functions that are allowed in closed forms are nth root, exponential function, logarithm, and trigonometric functions. However, the set of basic functions depends on the context. For example, if one adds polynomial roots to the basic functions, the functions that have a closed form are called elementary functions.

The closed-form problem arises when new ways are introduced for specifying mathematical objects, such as limits, series, and integrals: given an object specified with such tools, a natural problem is to find, if possible, a closed-form expression of this object; that is, an expression of this object in terms of previous ways of specifying it.
7th Louisiana Infantry Regiment
The 7th Louisiana Infantry Regiment was a unit of volunteers recruited in Louisiana that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Formed in June 1861, the regiment was sent to fight in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. After fighting at First Bull Run, the unit joined the 1st Louisiana Brigade. The regiment served in Jackson's Valley campaign and at Gaines' Mill, Malvern Hill, Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run, Harpers Ferry, Antietam, and Fredericksburg in 1862. The regiment fought at Chancellorsville, Second Winchester, and Gettysburg in 1863. At Rappahannock Station in November 1863, almost the entire regiment was captured. The remnant of the unit fought at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and the Valley campaigns of 1864. It served at Petersburg starting in December 1864 and surrendered at Appomattox in April 1865.

Battle of Cedar Mountain
38°24′05″N 78°03′57″W﻿ / ﻿38.4014°N 78.0658°W﻿ / 38.4014; -78.0658

The Battle of Cedar Mountain, also known as Slaughter's Mountain or Cedar Run, took place on August 9, 1862, in Culpeper County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War. Union forces under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks attacked Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson near Cedar Mountain as the Confederates marched on Culpeper Court House to forestall a Union advance into central Virginia. After nearly being driven from the field in the early part of the battle, a Confederate counterattack broke the Union lines resulting in a Confederate victory. The battle was the first combat of the Northern Virginia campaign.
Sungai Buloh Highway
Sungai Buloh Highway or Jalan Sungai Buloh, Federal Route 54, is a major highway in Klang Valley region, Selangor state, Malaysia. The highway has now been upgraded into six-lane carriageway on 22 June 2007.

Malaysia Federal Route 54
Federal Route 54, or Jalan Kuala Selangor–Kepong or Jalan Kepong in Kuala Lumpur side, is a main federal road in Selangor, Malaysia. The road connects Asam Jawa near Kuala Selangor to Kepong near Kuala Lumpur. It is a main route to Kuala Lumpur from Federal Route 5. Federal Route 54 became the backbone of the road system linking Kuala Selangor to Kuala Lumpur before being surpassed by the Kuala Lumpur–Kuala Selangor Expressway (LATAR Expressway) E25 in 2011.

The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 54 is located at Assam Jawa in Kuala Selangor, at its interchange with the Federal Route 5, the main trunk road of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
Wedding Album (Leon and Mary Russell album)
Wedding Album is a studio album by Leon Russell and his then wife, Mary Russell, otherwise known as Mary McCreary.  It was the first album released on Leon Russell's record label, Paradise Records, which was distributed by Warner Bros. Records. Leon and Mary Russell are also credited as producers of the album, with the exception of the final track, "Daylight", which was produced by its writer, Bobby Womack.

Russell and Mary Russell performed "Satisfy You" on Saturday Night Live on May 15, 1976.

Mary McCreary
Mary McCreary is an American singer, pianist and composer. She has been a member of hit making recording acts, Little Sister and Leon & Mary Russell. She has recorded her own albums for the MCA and Shelter labels. As a session singer she has sung on a multitude of artists' recordings such as Sly & the Family Stone, Michael Bolotin,  Melba Moore and Denny Laine.
Walter Veltroni
Walter Veltroni OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [ˈvalter velˈtroːni]; born 3 July 1955) is an Italian writer, film director, journalist and politician. He served as the first leader of the Democratic Party within the Italian centre-left opposition until his resignation on 17 February 2009. He also served as mayor of Rome from June 2001 to February 2008.

Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italian: Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana) is the most senior Italian order of merit. It was established in 1951 by the second president of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi.

The highest-ranking honour of the Republic, it is awarded for "merit acquired by the nation" in the fields of science, literature, arts, economy, public service, and social, philanthropic and humanitarian activities and for long and conspicuous service in civilian and military careers.

The order effectively replaced national orders such as the Civil Order of Savoy (1831), the Order of the Crown of Italy (1868), the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572) and the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (1362).
Founders Bridge
The Founders Bridge is one of the three highway bridges over the Connecticut River between Hartford, Connecticut and East Hartford, Connecticut. The steel stringer bridge carries the Route 2 freeway, and also crosses over Interstate 91 (which runs parallel to the river). As of 2013 the bridge had an average daily traffic of 29,200.

One of the centerpieces of Hartford's Riverfront Recapture project, it features a wide pedestrian promenade and access to the rest of the riverfront park area as well as to Constitution Plaza.

The bridge makes up a section of the East Coast Greenway, a 3,000-mile (4,800 km) system of trails connecting Calais, Maine to Key West, Florida.

Constitution Plaza
Constitution Plaza is a large commercial mixed-use development in Downtown Hartford, Connecticut. It is located on the east side of the downtown area, near the Old State House. The plaza consists of two main plazas, which are connected by an elevated bridge. The northern plaza is reminiscent of an Italian piazza, with a 40-foot-tall granite clock tower and patterned brick paving. The southern plaza is dominated by a central fountain.
USS Vincennes (CL-64)
USS Vincennes was a Cleveland-class light cruiser of the United States Navy, which were built during World War II. The class was designed as a development of the earlier Brooklyn-class cruisers, the size of which had been limited by the First London Naval Treaty. The start of the war led to the dissolution of the treaty system, but the dramatic need for new vessels precluded a new design, so the Clevelands used the same hull as their predecessors, but were significantly heavier. The Clevelands carried a main battery of twelve 6-inch (152 mm) guns in four three-gun turrets, along with a secondary armament of twelve 5 in (127 mm) dual-purpose guns. They had a top speed of 32.5 knots (60.2 km/h; 37.4 mph).

6-inch/47-caliber gun
The 6-inch/47-caliber Mark 16 gun was used in the main batteries of several pre-war and World War II US Navy light cruisers. They were primarily mounted in triple turrets and used against surface targets.
The Mark 16DP gun was a dual-purpose fitting of the Mark 16 for use against aircraft as well as surface ships. It was installed in the postwar Worcester-class light cruisers and the anti-aircraft gunnery training ship Mississippi.

The Mark 17 gun was a variation of the Mark 16 to use bagged charges; this was only used in the Erie-class gunboat in a single-pedestal mount.
Maple River State Game Area
The Maple River State Game Area is a protected state game area in the U.S. state of Michigan. Located in the central region of the Lower Peninsula, it encompasses approximately 9,252 acres (3,744 ha) in segmented portions within Clinton, Gratiot, and Ionia counties. Governed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the area is considered the state's longest contiguous wetland complex.

The game area contains the only known salt marsh (classified as an inland salt marsh) in the state of Michigan.

Gratiot County, Michigan
Gratiot County (/ˈɡræʃɪt/ GRASH-it) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 41,761. The county seat is Ithaca, although its most populous city is Alma.

Gratiot County comprises the Alma, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Mount Pleasant-Alma, MI Combined Statistical Area. The Gratiot County Courthouse was designed in the classical revival style by Claire Allen, a prominent southern Michigan architect. It is one of seven sites in the county listed on the National Register of Historic Places (No. 76002291 added 1976). In June 2012, the 212.8 MW Gratiot County Wind Project opened, the largest wind power installation in the state.
Let Me Down Easy (Gang of Youths song)
"Let Me Down Easy" is a song by Australian alternative rock band Gang of Youths, released on 26 May 2017, via Mosy Recordings, as the third single off their sophomore album, Go Farther in Lightness (2017). The song peaked at No. 49 on the ARIA Singles Chart and achieved double platinum certification by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) in 2019.

The song has featured on multiple editions of the Triple J Hottest 100 countdown. It was voted in at No. 2 in the Hottest 100 of 2017, No. 19 in the Hottest 100 of the 2010's, and No. 60 in the Hottest 100 of Australian Songs. The song also placed second in the 2018 Vanda & Young Global Songwriting Competition.

Triple J's Hottest 100 of the 2010s
The Triple J Hottest 100 of the 2010s was held on 14 March 2020. It is a countdown of the most popular songs of the 2010s as chosen by listeners of Australian radio station Triple J. 1.8 million votes were cast by listeners choosing their top ten songs of the decade.

Tame Impala's "The Less I Know the Better" was voted into first place.
Adil Nabi
Adil Nabi (born 28 February 1994) is an English professional footballer who last played as a midfielder for Cypriot Second Division club Doxa Katokopias.

He was an academy product at West Bromwich Albion, but never made a first-team appearance. Nabi was the first player to be loaned from the Premier League to the Indian Super League, playing in the 2015 season for the Delhi Dynamos. In January 2016, he joined Peterborough United, where he played 10 total games in two years before a loan to Nuneaton Town. Nabi then had a short spell with Scottish club Dundee before playing in Greece for OFI, Atromitos and Athens Kallithea.

2015 Indian Super League
The 2015 Hero Indian Super League was the second season of the Indian Super League, a professional football league played in India since 2014. The season featured eight teams. The regular season kicked off on 3 October and ended on 6 December, while the finals began on 11 December, which will conclude with the final match on 20 December. The defending champions Atlético de Kolkata were eliminated in the semi-finals by Chennaiyin FC. The final was played between Goa and Chennaiyin on 20 December 2015 at the Fatorda Stadium in Goa. Chennayin were crowned as champions defeating Goa 3–2 in the final.
Poerbatjaraka
Poerbatjaraka (EYD: Purbacaraka; 1 January 1884 – 25 July 1964) was a Javanese-Indonesian self-taught philologist and professor, specialising in Javanese literature. The eldest son of a Surakarta royal courtier in the Dutch East Indies, he showed interest in Javanese literature at an early age, reading from books in the court's collection. Despite attending only primary school, his knowledge of Dutch and Javanese literature allowed him to take a position at the colony's Archaeology Service, and then at Leiden University in the Netherlands. He was allowed to obtain a doctor's degree at Leiden. He then returned to the colony to work at a Batavia (today Jakarta) museum, cataloguing Javanese texts and writing scholarly works. After Indonesia's independence, he became a professor at the universities of Indonesia, Gajah Mada, and Udayana.

Surakarta Sunanate
Surakarta Sunanate (Javanese: ꦟꦒꦫꦶꦑꦱꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦁꦫꦠ꧀, romanized: Nagari Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat; Indonesian: Kesunanan Surakarta) is a Javanese monarchy centred in the city of Surakarta, in the province of Central Java, Indonesia.

The Surakarta Kraton was established in 1745 by Pakubuwono II. Surakarta Sunanate and Yogyakarta Sultanate are together the successors of Mataram Sultanate. Unlike their counterparts in Yogyakarta, who use the title of sultan, the rulers of Surakarta use the title of sunan. The Dutch name was used during Dutch colonial rule until 1942. Notable Susuhunan that ruled this Sultanate are Pakubuwana VI, Pakubuwana X, and Pakubuwana XII. All of them are National Heroes of Indonesia.
Hayley Raso
Hayley Emma Raso (/ˈræsoʊ/ RASS-oh; born 5 September 1994) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a winger for Frauen-Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt and the Australia national team.

Raso began her senior career with Canberra United in 2011, and was part of the side that won the 2011–12 W-League. Since then, she had played for various clubs in the W-League and the NWSL before playing in the Women's Super League. She joined Manchester City after she was released by Everton on 17 August 2021. On 27 May 2023, it was announced Raso was leaving Women's Super League club Manchester City.

Raso has played on the Australian women's national soccer team, the Matildas, since 2012 and had represented the national team in the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup and the 2020 Summer Olympics. She previously played for the under-20 national team, the Young Matildas.

Raso was shortlisted alongside her Australian teammate Sam Kerr, for the international Ballon d'Or Féminin 2023.

2011–12 W-League
The 2011–12 W-League season was the fourth season of the W-League, the Australian national women's football (soccer) competition. The season consisted of twelve rounds, giving each team a total of ten games, followed by a finals series.
Shadow blister effect
The shadow blister effect is a visual phenomenon in which a shadow bulges (or blisters) as it approaches another.

The effect takes place when two objects are at varying distances between a non-point light source and a background upon which their shadows are cast. As the objects move transversely such that their shadows approach each other, the one nearest the light source begins blocking light from reaching the inside of the other object's penumbra, thereby expanding its umbra. This expansion of the further object's umbra continues until the umbras of both objects meet.

This effect can be demonstrated and understood using ray theory.

The shadow blister effect is commonly misconceived to be an illusion caused by the combining of the two object's penumbras, aided by factors such as diffraction, nonlinear response, and the eye's inability to differentiate between varying contrasts.

Umbra, penumbra and antumbra
The umbra, penumbra and antumbra are three distinct parts of a shadow, created by any light source after impinging on an opaque object of lesser size. In cases of equal or smaller impinging objects, only an umbra and penumbra are generated. Assuming no diffraction, for a collimated beam (such as a point source) of light, only the umbra is cast.

These phenomena are generally observed within solar systems, as the size of the stars within the system are larger than the orbiting satellites, hence these terms are most often used for the shadows cast by celestial bodies, though they are sometimes used to describe levels of darkness, such as in sunspots.
Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire
Andrew Robert Buxton Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (2 January 1920 – 3 May 2004), styled Lord Andrew Cavendish until 1944 and Marquess of Hartington from 1944 to 1950, was a British peer and politician. He was a minister in the government of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan (his uncle by marriage), and is also known for opening Chatsworth House to the public.

William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington
William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (10 December 1917 – 9 September 1944), was a British politician and British Army officer. He was the elder son of Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, and therefore the heir to the dukedom. He was killed in action in the Second World War during fighting in the Low Countries in September 1944 whilst leading a company of the Coldstream Guards.
2013 Super Fours
The 2013 Super Fours was the tenth cricket Super Fours season. It took place in June and saw 4 teams compete in 50 over and Twenty20 matches. The four teams that competed in previous years were condensed into three, and Leicestershire and Rutland Under-16 Boys replaced Diamonds. There was no overall winner in the 50 over tournament, whilst Sapphires won the Twenty20 tournament, their fourth title in the format.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.