hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tollesbury
Tollesbury is a village and civil parish in the Maldon District of Essex, England. It lies on the coast at the mouth of the River Blackwater. It is situated 9 miles (14 km) east of the historic port of Maldon and 12 miles (19 km) south of Colchester. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 2,810.

For centuries Tollesbury, the village of the plough and sail, relied on the harvests of the land and the sea. The main trade and export of Tollesbury, which still thrives to this day, has long been oysters.

River Blackwater, Essex
The River Blackwater is a river in Essex, England. It rises as the River Pant in the northwest of the county, just east of Saffron Walden, and flows in a generally southeast direction to Bocking, near Braintree, via Great Sampford and Great Bardfield. At Bocking, it becomes the River Blackwater, and veers east to flow past Bradwell Juxta Coggeshall and Coggeshall. It then veers south, flowing past Kelvedon and Witham, before reaching Maldon. There, it veers east again and empties into the Blackwater Estuary, which in turn meets the North Sea at Mersea Island.

The River Blackwater has two major tributaries: the River Brain, which meets it just south of Witham, and the River Chelmer, which meets it just east of Maldon. The lower reaches of the Chelmer, from Chelmsford, were canalised in the 1790s, and the navigation diverts water north of the Blackwater through Maldon before emptying into the Blackwater Estuary at Heybridge Basin.
Fibroblast growth factor 2
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), also known as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and FGF-β, is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF2 gene. It binds to and exerts effects via specific fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) proteins, themselves a family of closely related molecules. Fibroblast growth factor protein was first purified in 1975; soon thereafter three variants were isolated: 'basic FGF' (FGF2); Heparin-binding growth factor-2; and Endothelial cell growth factor-2. Gene sequencing revealed that this group is the same FGF2 protein and is a member of a family of FGF proteins.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor
The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are, as their name implies, receptors that bind to members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of proteins. Some of these receptors are involved in pathological conditions. For example, a point mutation in FGFR3 can lead to achondroplasia.
Arka Gdynia
Morski Związkowy Klub Sportowy Arka Gdynia (lit. 'Maritime Union Sports Club Arka Gdynia', Polish pronunciation: [ˈmɔrskʲi zvjɔ̃sˈkɔvɨ ˈklup spɔrˈtɔvɨ ˈarka ˈɡdɨɲa]) is a professional football club based in Gdynia, Poland, that plays in the Ekstraklasa after winning the 2024–25 I liga. The club was founded as Klub Sportowy Gdynia in 1929.

2024–25 I liga
The 2024–25 I liga (also known as Betclic I liga for sponsorship reasons) was the 77th season of the second tier domestic division in the Polish football league system since its establishment in 1949 and the 17th season of the Polish I liga under its current title. The league is operated by the PZPN.
United States v. White
United States v. White, 401 U.S. 745 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court decision which held that recording conversations using concealed radio transmitters worn by informants does not violate the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, and thus does not require a warrant.

Katz v. United States
Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967), is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court redefined what constitutes a "search" or "seizure" with regard to the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The ruling expanded the Fourth Amendment's protections from an individual's "persons, houses, papers, and effects," as specified in the Constitution's text, to include any areas where a person has a "reasonable expectation of privacy." The reasonable expectation of privacy standard, now known as the Katz test, was formulated in a concurring opinion by Justice John Marshall Harlan II.

The Katz test has since been used in numerous cases, particularly because of technological advances that create new questions about privacy norms and government surveillance of personal data.
Ampere Computing
Ampere Computing LLC is an American fabless semiconductor company that designs ARM-based central processing units (CPUs) with  high core counts for use in cloud computing and data center environments. Founded in 2017 by former Intel president Renée James, the company is headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and operates as an independent subsidiary of SoftBank Group since November 2025.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
SS Hippocampus
SS Hippocampus was a small wooden passenger and package freighter built in 1867, for the fruit trade between Berrien County, Michigan, and various ports on the westerly shore of Lake Michigan. She operated on her designated route between St. Joseph, and Chicago, Illinois.

She left Benton Harbor, Michigan, on the night of 7 September 1868, her decks piled with several thousand boxes of peaches, and 55 passengers and crew aboard. After being towed to St. Joseph, she departed for Chicago. Early the following morning, a squall swept Lake Michigan, sinking Hippocampus, and killing 26 people. Contemporary newspapers speculated overloading to be a contributing factor to her loss.

An object believed to be the wreck of Hippocampus was discovered in 1877. While plans were set in motion to raise it, they failed to materialise, and the location was lost. As of 2026, her wreck has not been located.

Lake freighter
Lake freighters, or lakers, are bulk carriers operating on the Great Lakes of North America. These vessels are traditionally called boats, although classified as ships. Freighters typically have a long, narrow hull, a raised pilothouse, and the engine located at the rear of the ship.

Lakers have been used since the late 19th century to haul raw material from docks in the Great Lakes and St Lawrence Seaway regions to the industrial centers of Ontario, Quebec, and the American Midwest. The navigation season typically runs from late March through next mid-January due to the formation of ice on the lakes.

The largest lake freighters can travel up to 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) and can carry as much as 78,850 long tons (80,120 t) of bulk cargo.

SS Edmund Fitzgerald, which sank in 1975, became widely known as the largest  vessel to be wrecked on the Great Lakes.
Rodosto (horse)
Rodosto (1930 – after 1954) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He showed very good form as a juvenile in 1932 when he won the Prix Herod and was placed in both the Prix Robert Papin and the Prix Morny. In the following spring he won the Prix de La Jonchere and then became the first horse to win both the 2000 Guineas and Poule d'Essai des Poulains. He missed the Epsom Derby through injury and failed to recover his form that year. As a four-year-old he won a second Prix de La Jonchere before going on to win the Prix des Sablons, Prix d'Ispahan and Prix du Chemin de Fer du Nord. After his retirement from racing Rodosto had some success at a breeding stallion in France and Argentina.

Prix Paul de Moussac
The Prix Paul de Moussac is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and geldings. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.
XVI Corps (German Empire)
The XVI Army Corps / XVI AK (German: XVI. Armee-Korps) was a corps level command of the German Army before and during World War I.

It was assigned to the VII Army Inspectorate, which became the 5th Army at the start of the First World War. It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 3rd Army, Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz on the Western Front.

5th Army (German Empire)
The 5th Army (German: 5. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 5 / A.O.K. 5) was a field army of the Imperial German Army during World War I.  It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the VII Army Inspection. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war.
Carver, Massachusetts
Carver is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 11,645 at the 2020 census.  It is named for John Carver, the first governor of the Plymouth Colony. The town features two popular tourist attractions: Edaville USA theme park and King Richard's Faire, the largest and longest-running renaissance fair in New England.

Edaville Railroad
41°50′45.4″N 70°46′22.0″W﻿ / ﻿41.845944°N 70.772778°W﻿ / 41.845944; -70.772778

Edaville Railroad (also branded Edaville USA and Edaville Festival of Lights) is a heritage railroad and seasonal attraction in South Carver, Massachusetts. Originally opened in 1947, it was one of the oldest heritage railroad operations in the United States. It is a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge line that operates excursion trains for tourists, built by the late Ellis D. Atwood (initials E.D.A., for which Edaville is named) on his sprawling cranberry farm in Southeastern Massachusetts.: 45
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) is a protein attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane which catalyzes three out of the four steps in beta oxidation. MTP is a hetero-octamer composed of four alpha and four beta subunits:

HADHA

HADHB

The three functions are 2-enoyl coenzyme A (CoA) hydratase, long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase and long-chain 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase.

HADHA
Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial also known as hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HADHA gene. Mutations in HADHA have been associated with trifunctional protein deficiency or long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency.
Sylvia Benjamin
Sylvia Motlagomang "Mamza" Benjamin (15 November 1939 – 27 December 2012) was a South African trade unionist and anti-apartheid activist. She was the treasurer of the National Union of Mineworkers from 1985 to 1987 and was the first woman to serve on the union's executive. After the end of apartheid, she represented the African National Congress (ANC) as a local councillor in Matlosana, North West from 1994 to 2005, and she was a member of the national executive of the ANC Veterans' League at the time of her death in 2012.

Trade unions in South Africa
Trade unions in South Africa has a history dating back to the 1880s. From the beginning unions could be viewed as a reflection of the racial disunity of the country, with the earliest unions being predominantly for white workers. Through the turbulent years of 1948–1991 trade unions played an important part in developing political and economic resistance, and eventually were one of the driving forces in realising the transition to an inclusive democratic government.

Today trade unions are still an important force in South Africa, with 3.11 million members representing 25.3% of the formal work force. The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) is the largest of the three major trade union centres, with a membership of 1.8 million, and is part of the Tripartite alliance with the ruling African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP).
Chromaticism
Chromaticism is a compositional technique interspersing the primary diatonic pitches and chords with other pitches of the chromatic scale. In simple terms, within each octave, diatonic music uses only seven different notes, rather than the twelve available on a standard piano keyboard. Music is chromatic when it uses more than just these seven notes.

Chromaticism is in contrast or addition to tonality or diatonicism and modality (the major and minor, or "white key", scales). Chromatic elements are considered, "elaborations of or substitutions for diatonic scale members".

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
Memnun Hadžić
Memnun Hadžić (born 20 January 1981) is a Bosnian former boxer. As an amateur he reached the quarterfinals at the 2005 Mediterranean Games in Almeria and won bronze medal at the 2008 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Liverpool, UK. In december 2009 he became professional.

2008 European Amateur Boxing Championships
The Men's 2008 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Liverpool, England in November 2008. They were the 37th edition of this biennial competition organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA.
Vendsyssel Håndbold
Vendsyssel Håndbold  was a handball club from Frederikshavn, Denmark. Vendssysel Håndbold played on Frederikshavn FI's license and competed in the women's Danish 1st Division until February 2022. The home arena of the club was DRINX Arena in a small town, outside of Sæby, called Syvsten. It was founded on 11 May 2011.

Frederikshavn fI
Frederikshavn forenede Idrætsklubber (also known as FfI or Frederikshavn fI) is a Danish sports club based in Frederikshavn. The club has branches in football, handball, swimming, gymnastics and wrestling.

The football team spent a total five seasons in the top-flight Danish 1st Division during the 1960s and 1970s. Its most famous player through time is Harald Nielsen.
William J. Holloway Jr. United States Courthouse
The William J. Holloway Jr. United States Courthouse (formerly the Federal Building and United States Courthouse) in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma and the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.

United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma
The United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma (in case citations, W.D. Okla. or W.D. Ok.) is a federal court in the Tenth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The District was established on June 16, 1906, and became operational on November 16, 1907, with Oklahoma achieving statehood.
Fiona Paisley
Fiona Kerr Paisley FASSA FAHA (born 1958) is a Scottish-born Australian cultural historian at Griffith University. Her research and writing focuses on Australian Indigenous, feminist and transnational history.

Paisley was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1958. During her childhood she moved with her family between Scotland and Australia. She settled in Melbourne where she completed a BA and DipEd at Monash University and then worked as a high school teacher, before studying for a MEd at the University of Melbourne. She then undertook a PhD at La Trobe University, successfully submitting her thesis, "Ideas Have Wings: White Women Challenge Aboriginal Policy 1920-1937", which was supervised by Marilyn Lake.

Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) is an independent, non-governmental organisation devoted to the advancement of knowledge and research in the social sciences. It has its origins in the Social Science Research Council of Australia, founded in 1942.

The Academy was established in 1971 to recognise and champion excellence in the social sciences and to provide evidence-based advice on a range of social policy issues.

The Academy consists of an elected Fellowship of almost 700 distinguished Australian social science researchers and professionals who work together to:

Provide advice to governments on issues of national importance;

Promote understanding and awareness of the social sciences; and

Coordinate international cooperation and collaboration in the social sciences.
The Arras
The Arras is the second tallest building in Asheville, North Carolina with 19 stories and 201,000 square feet. It was built in 1965 as the Northwestern Bank Building and was later called the BB&T Building. In 2019, it reopened as the Art Deco style Kimpton Hotel Arras on floors 1 to 9, and Arras Private Residences condominium complex on floors 10-19 after a major renovation. The building is 228 feet tall.

Truist
Truist Financial Corporation (/ˈtruːɪst/) is an American bank holding company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company was formed in December 2019 as the result of the merger of BB&T (Branch Banking and Trust Company) and SunTrust. Its bank operates 1,928 branches in 15 states and Washington, D.C., offering consumer, commercial, and investment banking, securities brokerage, asset management, mortgage, and insurance products and services. It is on the list of largest banks in the United States by assets; as of May 2025, it is the tenth-largest bank, with $523 billion in assets.
Celluloid (film)
Celluloid is a 2013 Indian Malayalam-language biographical  drama film co-produced, written, and directed by Kamal. It stars Prithviraj Sukumaran, Sreenivasan, Mamta Mohandas, and Chandni. The film is based on the life of J.C. Daniel, regarded as the father of Malayalam cinema, focusing on the making of his film Vigathakumaran, and the story of its heroine, P. K. Rosy. The film is particularly based on Life of J. C. Daniel, a biography of J. C. Daniel written by Chelangatt Gopalakrishnan. Filming began in November 2012, and the online posters, created by a 16-year-old boy, Aswin, which went viral on social media. Released in February 2013, the film received positive reviews and won seven Kerala State Film Awards, including Best Film and Best Actor (Prithviraj). It was also supported by All Lights Film Services (ALFS), a leading film festival consultancy and become a box-office success.

Kerala State Film Awards
The Kerala State Film Awards  are the film awards for a motion picture made in Kerala. The awards were begun in 1969 by the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala and since 1998 the awards have been bestowed by Kerala State Chalachitra Academy on behalf of the Department of Cultural Affairs.

The awardees are decided by an independent jury formed by the academy and the Department of Cultural Affairs, Kerala. The jury usually consists of eminent personalities from the film field. For the awards for literature on cinema a separate jury is formed. The academy annually invites films for the award and the jury analyses the films that are submitted before deciding the winners. The awards intend to promote films with artistic values and encourage artists, technicians and producers. The awards are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister of Kerala.
2016 MFF Charity Cup
The 2016 MFF  Charity Cup is the 5th MFF Charity Cup, an annual Myanmar football match played between the winners of the previous season's Myanmar National League and 2015 General Aung San Shield. The match was contested by Ayeyawady United, the 2015 General Aung San Shield winners, and Yangon United, champions of the 2015 Myanmar National League. It is held at Aung San Stadium on 3 January 2016.

This was Yangon United's 3rd Cup appearance and Ayeyawady United's 3rd.

Ayeyawady United F.C.
Ayeyawady United Football Club (Burmese: ဧရာဝတီယူနိုက်တက် ဘောလုံးအသင်း) is a Burmese professional football club based in Pathein, Ayeyawady. The club was a founding member of the Myanmar National League (MNL) in 2009. The club finished tied at the last place in the inaugural cup competition, the MNL Cup 2009. The owners of former Delta United took over the club. Currently, a total of 26 entrepreneurs from Ayeyawady Region are running the club.

In 2011, Delta United was renamed as Ayeyawady United. The club was formerly owned by a tycoon Zaw Zaw.
Vettakkorumakan
Vettakkoru Makan (Malayalam: വേട്ടക്കൊരുമകന്‍) is a Hindu deity worshipped in parts of Northern Kerala. This deity is alternately referred as Kiratha-Sunu (son of Kirata) in Sanskrit. Vettakkorumakan is the chief deity of chera kings in Malabar, later after the collapse of chera kingdom the newly formed rulers adopted it. Vettakkorumakan is believed to be the son of Shiva by his consort Parvati, born when he assumed the form of a Kirata (hunter) to deliver a weapon known as Pashupatastra to Arjuna. He is mostly and exclusively worshipped in Malabar region of Kerala. The most famous temple of this deity is the Balussery-Kotta Vettakkorumakan temple about 25 km from Calicut. This was once the fort of the Cheras, prior to Rajas of Kurumbranad.

Kirata
The Kirāta (Sanskrit: किरात) is a generic term in Sanskrit literature for people who had territory in the mountains, particularly in the Himalayas and Northeast India and who are believed to have been Sino-Tibetan in origin.
Macroglossia
Macroglossia is the medical term for an unusually large tongue. Severe enlargement of the tongue can cause cosmetic and functional difficulties in speaking, eating, swallowing and sleeping. Macroglossia is uncommon, and usually occurs in children. There are many causes. Treatment depends upon the exact cause.

Dysphagia
Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing. Although classified under "symptoms and signs" in ICD-10, in some contexts it is classified as a condition in its own right.

It may be a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach, a lack of pharyngeal sensation or various other inadequacies of the swallowing mechanism. Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together. A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia.
Epidermal growth factor
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, EGFR. Human EGF is 6-kDa and has 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds.

EGF was originally described as a secreted peptide found in the submaxillary glands of mice and in human urine. EGF has since been found in many human tissues, including platelets, submandibular gland (submaxillary gland), and parotid gland. Initially, human EGF was known as urogastrone.

Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide (or disulphide in British English) is a compound containing a R−S−S−R′ functional group or the S2−2 anion. In inorganic chemistry, the anion appears in a few rare minerals. Compounds of the form R−S−S−H are usually called persulfides instead.

Disulfide bridges also appear as a common post-translational modification in proteins.