hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colombian Constitution of 1991
The Political Constitution of Colombia of 1991 (Spanish: Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991), is the Constitution of the Republic of Colombia. It was promulgated in Constitutional Gazette number 114 on Sunday, July 7, 1991, and is also known as the Constitution of Rights. It replaced the Political Constitution of 1886 and was issued during the presidency of the liberal César Gaviria.

It is divided up into eight sections, under titles.

Colombian Liberal Party
The Colombian Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Colombiano; PLC) is a  centre-left political party in Colombia. It was founded as a classical liberal party but later developed a more social-democratic tradition, joining the Socialist International in 1999.

The Liberal Party along with the Colombian Conservative Party dominated the Colombian political scene from the end of the 19th century until 2002, in bipartisan political hegemony. The two parties were in direct military conflict between 1948 and 1958, during the civil war period known as La Violencia, after which they established the "National Front", agreeing to rotate power, intercalating for a period of four presidential terms. The election victory of independent candidate Álvaro Uribe in 2002 put an end to dominance of two party politics in Colombia.

Currently, the Liberal Party is the largest party in Congress and supported the left-wing presidency of Gustavo Petro until leaving Petro's coalition on 28 November 2023.
Franklin Meyers
Franklin Antonio Meyers (born 28 November 1967) is a Sint Maarten businessman, undertaker, and politician who serves as a Member of Parliament since 2024. He previously served as an MP from 2014 to 2019 and was Minister of Tourism, Economic Affairs, Transport and Telecommunications in the First Wescot-Williams cabinet from 2010 to 2012.

First Wescot-Williams cabinet
The First Wescot-Williams cabinet was the first Cabinet of Sint Maarten installed following the achievement of constituent country status of Sint Maarten within the Kingdom of the Netherlands on 10 October 2010. Government formation followed the September 2010 Sint Maarten general election, which saw the National Alliance emerge as the largest party. Nevertheless, the coalition was formed by the Democratic Party and the United Peoples party. Despite only winning two seats, the office of Prime Minister was delivered by DP's head Sarah Wescot-Williams.

The coalition collapsed in April 2012 after United Peoples faction leader Romain Laville left his party and became an independent member of parliament. The cabinet lost its majority and tabled its resignation with the governor. The cabinet was succeeded by the second Wescot-Williams cabinet on 21 May 2012.
Paolo Pellizzari
Paolo Pellizzari (born 7 February 1956), is an Italian-born photographer living in Brussels, Belgium. Pellizzari teaches author photography at La Cambre School of Art in Brussels and is a guest teacher at the International Center for Photography in New York City.

International Center of Photography
The International Center of Photography (ICP) is a photography museum and school at 84 Ludlow Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. ICP's photographic collection, reading room, and archives are at Mana Contemporary in Jersey City, New Jersey. The organization was founded by Cornell Capa in 1974. It is located at 84 Ludlow Street, within the Lower East Side.

ICP is the host of the Infinity Awards, inaugurated in 1985 "to bring public attention to outstanding achievements in photography by honoring individuals with distinguished careers in the field and by identifying future luminaries."
Sicca Veneria (episcopal see)
The Diocese of Sicca Veneria was an episcopal see of Africa Proconsularis, and was a suffragan of the bishops of Carthage. The cathedra of the bishopric was in the Roman colonia (highest ranking city) of  Colonia Julia Veneria Cirta Nova Iulia. The bishopric was founded in early Christianity; it ceased to function sometime after the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb.

It exists today as a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. The current bishop is Lajos Varga of Hungary.

Remains of the bishopric included ruins at El Kef of a cathedral, baptistry, Christian burials, and numerous Christian inscriptions.

El Kef
El Kef (Arabic: الكاف il-kāfⓘ), is a city in northwestern Tunisia. It serves as the capital of the Kef Governorate.

El Kef is situated 175 kilometres (109 mi) to the west of Tunis and some 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of the border between Algeria and Tunisia. It has a population of 45,191 (2004 census). The old town is built on the cliff face of the table-top Jebel Dyr mountain. El Kef was the provisional capital of Tunisia during World War II. It was the command centre of the Front de Libération Nationale during the Algerian War of Independence against the French in the 1950s.

The Sidi Bou Makhlouf Mausoleum entombs the patron saint of the city.
Anel Paz
Jose Manuel "Anel" Paz is an Argentinian guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer, and recording and mix engineer. He has been a member of Los Violadores, and Los Politicos.

Currently, he is the bandleader of El General Paz & La Triple Frontera (GP3F). He graduated "With Honors" at Musicians Institute (Los Angeles, USA), where he was a student of Scott Henderson, Frank Gambale, Paul Gilbert, Joe Diorio, among other maestros. He has been awarded prizes such as Lápiz de Oro (fifteen times), Lápiz de Platino (five times), a Disco de Oro (Gold Record), Premios Jerry Goldenberg a la Excelencia en las Comunicaciones (three times), among other awards.

He was appointed international endorser by Ibanez guitars, a nomination for the first time granted to an Argentine artist. Anel was shown in 2005 Ibanez's catalogue, alongside such as George Benson, Marty Friedman, Paul Gilbert, Pat Metheny, Joe Satriani, John Scofield, and Steve Vai.

Musicians Institute
Musicians Institute (MI) is a private for-profit music school in Los Angeles, California. MI students can earn Certificates and – with transfer of coursework taken at Los Angeles City College – Associate of Arts Degrees, as well as Bachelor of Music Degrees in either Performance or Composition. The college was founded in 1977.
Peter von Bilderling
Baron Peter von Bilderling (Russian: Пётр Александрович Бильдерлинг; 26 May 1844 – 25 September 1900) was an engineer and an officer in the Engineering Corps of the Imperial Russian Army.

He was a humanist known for his writings, notably his book on the military horse, and his reorganisation of the Ijevsk arms factory, the manufacture of Berdanka carbines, and the creation of the no 4 line carbine. He founded the Tsaritsin refinery with Robert Nobel and the Branobel oil company in Baku with Ludwig Nobel. Finally, he established an agricultural and meteorological station in Zapolie, where he invented the roséomètre, an instrument for measuring the dew point. He was the brother of Baron Alexandre von Bilderling, the general who participated in the Russo-Japanese War.

Robert Nobel
Robert Hjalmar Nobel (/noʊˈbɛl/ noh-BEL, Swedish: [nʊˈbɛlː]; 4 August 1829 – 7 August 1896) was a Swedish businessman, industrialist and investor. He was the founder of Branobel, and a pioneer in the Russian oil industry.
David Atienza
David Atienza Alonso is a Spanish/Swiss scientist in the disciplines of computer and electrical engineering. His research focuses on hardware‐software co‐design and management for energy‐efficient and thermal-aware computing systems, always starting from a system‐level perspective to the actual electronic design. He is a full professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Associate Vice President of Research Centers and Platforms, and the head of the Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL). He is an IEEE Fellow (2016), and an ACM Fellow (2022).

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
EPFL (officially no longer an acronym; originally short for French: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, lit. 'Federal School of Technology in Lausanne') is a public research university in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded in 1969, the university primarily teaches and conducts research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

Like its sister institution ETH Zurich, EPFL is part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain, a consortium of universities and research institutes under the Swiss Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. As of 2024, EPFL enrolled 14,012 students from over 130 countries.

Students, faculty, and researchers affiliated with EPFL include a Nobel laureate, two Fields Medalists, two Pritzker Prize winners, and one Turing Award recipient. EPFL has an urban campus that extends alongside Lake Geneva, and includes the EPFL Innovation Park as well as university research centers and affiliated laboratories.
Port Harvey
Port Harvey is a port on the south side of the Cracroft Islands in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, forming a small bay or inlet south of the shallows that link West Cracroft and East Cracroft Islands.  On its east shore is Keecekiltum Indian Reserve No. 2, 11.7 ha., which is under the governance of the Tlowitsis Nation of the Kwakwaka'wakw peoples. at 50°33′00″N 126°16′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.55000°N 126.26667°W﻿ / 50.55000; -126.26667﻿ (Keecekiltum IR No. 2). It was named by Captain Richards  for Captain Harvey of HMS Havannah.: 211

West Cracroft Island
West Cracroft Island is an island in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located east of Port McNeill.  It is the larger of the two Cracroft Islands, the other, East Cracroft Island, being so named to distinguish between the two islands, which at low tide are one island.
John S. D. Tory
John Stewart Donald Tory (1903 – August 28, 1965) was a Canadian lawyer and founder of the law firm Torys, based in Toronto, Ontario. He was also a director of aircraft manufacturer A.V. Roe (later Avro). He was made Queen's Counsel and an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.

Avro Canada
Avro Canada, officially A. V. Roe Canada Limited, was a Canadian aircraft manufacturing company that existed from 1945 to 1962. It was founded in 1945 as an aircraft plant and within 13 years became the third-largest company in Canada, and one of the 100 largest companies in the world, directly employing over 50,000 people. Avro Canada was best known for the CF-105 Arrow, but it was an integrated company with diverse holdings.

Following the cancellation of the CF-105 Arrow, the company ceased operations in 1962.
Greco (grape)
Greco is an Italian wine grape that may be of Greek origin. The name relates to both white (Greco bianco) and black (Greco nero) grape varieties. While there is more land area dedicated to Greco nero, the Greco bianco is the grape most commonly referred to by "Greco". In the Campania region it is used to produce the denominazione di origine controllata e garantita (DOCG) wine Greco di Tufo. In Calabria, it is used to make the denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) wine Greco di Bianco. The name "Greco" is sometimes used as a synonym for several varieties of supposed Greek origins-most notably Trebbiano.

Synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in English, words like begin, start, commence, and initiate are synonyms: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Words may be synonymous in only one particular sense: for example, long and extended in the context of long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family.

Synonyms with identical meanings share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes known as cognitive synonyms, and the latter are referred to as near-synonyms, plesionyms, or poecilonyms.
Harvey Bailey
Harvey John Bailey (August 23, 1887 – March 1, 1979), called "The Dean of American Bank Robbers", was an American criminal who spanned a long career and was one of the most successful bank robbers during the 1920s, walking off with over $1 million.

Machine Gun Kelly (gangster)
George Kelly Barnes (July 18, 1895 – July 18, 1954), better known by his nickname Machine Gun Kelly, was an American gangster from Memphis, Tennessee, active during the Prohibition era. His nickname came from his favorite weapon, a Thompson submachine gun. He is best known for the kidnapping of oil tycoon and businessman Charles F. Urschel in July 1933, from which he and his gang collected a $200,000 ransom (equivalent to $4.89 million in 2025). Urschel had collected and left considerable evidence that assisted the subsequent FBI investigation, which eventually led to Kelly's arrest in Memphis on September 26, 1933. His crimes also included bootlegging and armed robbery.
Pound Ridge massacre
The Pound Ridge massacre was a battle of Kieft's War that took place in March 1644 between the forces of New Netherland and members of the Wappinger Confederacy at a village of its members in the present-day town of Pound Ridge, New York. A mixed force of 130 New Netherland soldiers led by Captain John Underhill launched a night attack on the village and destroyed it with fire. 500 to 700 members of the Wappinger Confederacy were killed while the New Netherland force lost one man killed and fifteen wounded. More casualties were suffered in this attack than in any other single incident in the war. Shortly after the battle several local Wappinger Confederacy sachems sued for peace.

John Underhill (captain)
John Underhill (c. 1608/09 – 21 July 1672) was an early English settler and soldier in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Province of New Hampshire, where he also served as governor; the New Haven Colony, New Netherland, and later the Province of New York, settling on Long Island. Hired to train militia in New England, he is most noted for leading colonial militia in the Pequot War (1636–1637) and Kieft's War which the colonists mounted against two different groups of Native Americans. He also published an account of the Pequot War.
Pithapuram Nageswara Rao
Patharlagadda Nageswara Rao (5 May 1930 – 5 March 1996), popularly known as Pithapuram Nageswara Rao, was an Indian playback singer known for his contributions to Telugu cinema, particularly in comedic songs. He gained popularity in the 1950s and 1960s for his unique voice and his performances alongside Madhavapeddi Satyam, with whom he formed a renowned playback singing duo. Nageswara Rao was especially recognized for singing background songs for comedians, and his work left a lasting impression on Telugu film music. He also lent his voice to a few Kannada and Tamil films.

Madhavapeddi Satyam
Madhavapeddi Satyam (11 March 1922 – 18 December 2000) was an Indian playback singer and actor who predominantly worked in Telugu cinema.

He entered films as a singer-actor in Y. V. Rao's Tamil-Hindi bilingual movie Ramadas in the year 1946, playing the role of Kabir. However, he became more popular as a playback singer due to his booming voice. His voice suited artists like S. V. Ranga Rao, Relangi and Ramana Reddy. He also sang for others like Akkineni Nageswara Rao, N.T. Rama Rao, Jaggayya and Padmanabham.

In a five-decade long career, he sang numerable songs including popular ones like "Vivaha Bhojanambu" from the film Mayabazar (1957) for S. V. Ranga Rao, and "Ayyayyo Chethilo Dabbulu Poyene" from the film Kulagothralu (1961) for Ramana Reddy. Noted music composer in 1990s Telugu films, Sri Madhavapeddi Suresh is a close relative of Sri Madhavapeddi Satyam.
Pat McNamee
Pat McNamee is an Irish nationalist politician in Northern Ireland who was a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Newry and Armagh from 1998 to 2003.

Formerly a member of Sinn Féin, McNamee was a Newry and Mourne councillor for the Slieve Gullion DEA from 1997 until 2001.

He moved to Armagh City and District Council in 2001, in which he was elected for the Armagh City DEA. 
He stood down from elected politics in 2005, and is no longer a member of any political party.

Slieve Gullion (District Electoral Area)
Slieve Gullion is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Newry, Mourne and Down, Northern Ireland. The district elects seven members to Newry, Mourne and Down District Council and contains the wards of Bessbrook, Camlough, Crossmaglen, Forkhill, Mullaghbane, Newtownhamilton and Whitecross. Slieve Gullion forms part of the Newry and Armagh constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Newry and Mourne Areas D and E which had existed since 1973, where it originally contained five wards (Creggan, Crossmaglen, Fathom, Forkhill and Silver Bridge). For the 2014 local elections it gained two additional wards, gaining most of the abolished The Fews DEA including Bessbrook, Camlough and Newtownhamilton.
CKCE-FM
CKCE-FM (101.5 FM, 101.5 Today Radio) is a radio station in Calgary. Owned by the Jim Pattison Group, it broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format with some segments of hot talk and listener interaction.

CKCE's studios are located on 58th Avenue Southwest in Calgary, while its transmitter is located on Patina Hill Drive Southwest in the Prominence Point neighbourhood in western Calgary.

As of Winter 2020, CKCE is the third-most-listened-to radio station in the Calgary market according to a PPM data report released by Numeris.

CKMP-FM
CKMP-FM (90.3 FM, "90.3 Amp Radio") is a radio station in Calgary, Alberta. Owned by Stingray Radio, it broadcasts a contemporary hit radio format.

CKMP's studios are located on Centre Street in Eau Claire, while its transmitter is located on Old Banff Coach Road. As of Fall 2023, CKMP is the 2nd-most-listened-to radio station in the Calgary market according to a PPM data report released by Numeris.
Gerda Hofstätter
Gerda Hofstätter Gergerson (born 9 February 1971), nicknamed "G-Force", is an Austrian professional pool player. Hofstätter won the WPA World Nine-ball Championship in 1995. She is a winner at the European Pool Championship on nine occasions, and won the Austrian national Championship seventeen times. Hofstätter is a two-time Hall of Fame inductee being voted into both the Women's Professional Billiard Association and Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fames in the Greatest Players Category. Hofstätter was the Austrian Sportswoman of the Year for Carinthia in 1993. Hofstätter played on the WPBA Tour until her retirement, doing so from 1993 onward.

European Pool Championships
European Pool Championship (also called Dynamic European Championships) is a pool competition organized by the European Pocket Billiard Federation (EPBF). The tournament is held annually since 1980. It should not be confused with the series of smaller events known as the Euro Tour, also run by the EPBF.

Current disciplines include 8-ball, 9-Ball, 10-Ball, Straight pool, and team events), and for different age and ability ranges, with events for men, women, juniors and wheelchair players.
Marly Hofer–Hasim
Anna Marlesa Malahat Hofer Tamano–Hasim (born March 18, 1974) also known as Marly Hofer–Hasim, is a Filipina physician and politician. She has served as member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Zamboanga Sibugay's 2nd congressional district since June 30, 2025. The district is composed of the eastern portion of the province, including its capital Ipil.

Born and raised in Manila, Hofer-Hasim worked as an Ob-Gyn. She later moved to Zamboanga Sibugay in 2008 after marrying her husband, Madzmir. She ran for Congress in 2025, defeating the incumbent Antonieta Eudela, 48.95% to 37.87%.

Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay
Ipil (/ˈiːpiːl/ EE-peel), officially the Municipality of Ipil (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Ipil; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Ipil, Jawi:  ايڠد نو ايڤل;  Chavacano: Municipalidad de Ipil; Tagalog: Bayan ng Ipil), is a municipality and capital of the province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 96,363 people. Ipil is the most populous municipality of Zamboanga Sibugay, and  the second most populous in Region IX after Sindangan.

The town hosts its only airport in the province, Ipil Airport located at Barangay Sanito, along the Pan Philippine Highway. Its large income and population makes it a major commercial and economic center in Zamboanga Sibugay.
Lancia Beta
The Lancia Beta (Type 828), stylised Lancia β, was an entry-level luxury car produced by Italian car manufacturer Lancia from 1972 to 1984. It was the first new model introduced by Lancia after it had been taken over by Fiat in 1969.

The Beta was made in several body styles, namely 4-door fastback saloon (Beta berlina), 4-door three-box, notchback saloon (Beta Trevi), 2-door coupé (Beta Coupé), 2-door targa (Beta Spider), 3-door estate (Beta HPE); a mid-engined sports car was also sold under the Beta name, the Lancia Beta Montecarlo.

Targa top
Targa top, or targa for short, is a semi-convertible car body style with a removable roof section and a full-width roll bar behind the seats. The term was first used on the 1966 Porsche 911 Targa, and it remains a registered trademark of Porsche AG.

The rear window is normally fixed, but on some targa models, it is a removable plastic foldable window, making it a convertible-type vehicle. Any piece of normally fixed metal or trim, which rises up from one side, over the roof, and down the other side, is sometimes called a targa band, targa bar, or wrap-over band.

Targa tops are different from "T-tops", which have a solid, nonremovable bar running between the top of the windscreen and the rear roll bar, and generally have two separate roof panels above the seats that fit between the window and central T-bar.
Chemically modified electrode
A chemically modified electrode is an electrical conductor that has its surface modified for different electrochemical functions. Chemically modified electrodes are made using advanced approaches to electrode  systems by adding a thin film or layer of certain chemicals to change properties of the conductor according to its targeted function.

At a modified electrode, an oxidation-reduction substance accomplishes electrocatalysis by transferring electrons from the electrode to a reactant, or a reaction substrate.

Modifying electrodes' surfaces has been one of the most active areas of research interest in electrochemistry since 1979, providing control over how electrodes interacts with their environments.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.