hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Public Services International
Public Services International (PSI) is the global union federation for workers in public services, including those who work in social services, health care, municipal services, central government and public utilities.  As of November 2019, PSI has 700 affiliated trade unions from 154 countries representing over 30 million workers.

Global union federation
A global union federation (GUF) is an international federation of national trade unions organizing in specific industry sectors or occupational groups.  Historically, such federations in the social democratic tradition described as international trade secretariats (ITS), while those in the Christian democratic tradition described themselves as international trade federations.  Equivalent sectoral bodies linked to the World Federation of Trade Unions described themselves as trade union internationals.

Many unions are members of one or more global union federations, relevant to the sectors where they have their members. Individual unions may also be affiliated to a national trade union centre, which in turn can be affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) or the WFTU.
Total viable organism
Total viable organism (or TVO) is a term used in microbiology to quantify the amount of microorganisms present in a sample.  Each sample is usually cultured on a variety of agar plates (petri dishes) often containing different types of selective media.  The colony-forming units (CFUs) are calculated after allowing time for growth.

TVO numbers are used to quantify the CFUs for a given amount of sample and often include dilution factors.  For example, a 1 mL sample of water containing 10 CFUs on one plate would have a TVO value of 10 cfu/mL.

Colony-forming unit
In microbiology, a colony-forming unit (CFU, cfu or Cfu) is a unit which estimates the number of microbial cells (bacteria, fungi, viruses etc.) in a sample that are viable and able to multiply via binary fission under the controlled conditions. Determining colony-forming units requires culturing the microbes and counting only viable cells, in contrast with microscopic examination which counts all cells, living or dead. The visual appearance of a colony in a cell culture requires significant growth, and when counting colonies, it is uncertain if the colony arose from a single cell or a group of cells. Expressing results as colony-forming units reflects this uncertainty.
Fayeeza Kathree-Setiloane
Fayeeza Kathree-Setiloane (born 19 August 1965) is a South African judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal. She joined the appellate court in December 2023 after 13 years in the Gauteng High Court. Before her appointment to the bench in October 2010, she practiced as an advocate of the High Court in Johannesburg; she was involved in constitutional litigation, including through the Legal Resources Centre, and also served a stint in corporate advisory at Werksmans.

The Judicial Service Commission has twice nominated Kathree-Setiloane for appointment to the Constitutional Court of South Africa, where she was an acting justice in 2017 and where she clerked for Justice Yvonne Mokgoro in 1995.

Yvonne Mokgoro
Jennifer Yvonne Mokgoro GOB (19 October 1950 – 9 May 2024) was a South African jurist who served on the Constitutional Court of South Africa from October 1994 to October 2009. She also chaired the South African Law Reform Commission between 1995 and 2011. She qualified as a lawyer in the former Bophuthatswana and was a legal academic before she was appointed to the bench by President Nelson Mandela.
Sentinel granodiorite
Sentinel granodiorite is a type of granodiorite found in Yosemite National Park. It is a poorly understood western "outlier" of the ~93-85-Ma Tuolumne Intrusive Suite of the Sierra Nevada batholith. It is only slightly older than the undated Yosemite Creek Granodiorite and the Kuna Crest Granodiorite.

Tuolumne Intrusive Suite
The Tuolumne Intrusive Suite is the youngest and most extensive of the intrusive suites of Yosemite National Park, and also comprises about 1/3 of the park's area. The Suite includes Half Dome Granodiorite, Cathedral Peak Granite, and Kuna Crest Granodiorite.

The largest pluton of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite is Cathedral Peak Granodiorite, which extends long distances both the north and south of Tuolumne Meadows. The southwestern part of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite is made up of Half Dome Granodiorite. The youngest, smallest, and most central rock body is of the Johnson Granite Porphyry
Schagen
Schagen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsxaːɣə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the northwestern Netherlands. It is located between Alkmaar and Den Helder, in the region of West Friesland and the province of North Holland. It received city rights in 1415. In 2013, Schagen merged with the neighbouring municipalities of Zijpe and Harenkarspel, forming a new municipality, also called Schagen. The town hall is located in the main town of Schagen.

It had a population of 46,532 in 2021 and covers an area of 187.28 km2 (72.31 sq mi).

Alkmaar
Alkmaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑl(ə)kmaːr] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known for its traditional cheese market. For tourists, it is a popular cultural destination. The municipality has a population of 111,766 as of 2023.
Kaneez Fathima
Kaneez Fatima (Urdu: کنیز فاطمہ) is an Indian politician and 2 time MLA from the Gulbarga North constituency of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly. She was the wife of a former minister, the late Qamar-ul-Islam who was also MLA from the same constituency in 2013.

She was appointed chairman for Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation Limited (KSIC) on 26 January 2024.

Qamar ul Islam
Qamar ul Islam (27 January 1948 – 18 September 2017), was an Indian politician who was the Six-term Member of the Karnataka Legislative assembly, one-term Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha from Kalaburagi and All India Congress Committee secretary (AICC) in-charge of Kerala. He served as the Cabinet Minister for Housing and Labour, Minister of Municipal Administration, Public Enterprises and Minister of Wakf and the MLA from Kalaburagi-North constituency for the state of Karnataka.
Mikawa Kokubunni-ji
Mikawa Kokubun-niji (三河国分尼寺) is a Buddhist nunnery located in the Yahata neighborhood of the city of Toyokawa, Aichi, Japan. It is the modern successor of one of the provincial temples established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794) for the purpose of promoting Buddhism as the national religion of Japan and standardising control of the imperial rule over the provinces.

The site of the nunnery was designated as a National Historic Site in 1922, with the area under protection expanded in 1972.

Provincial temple
The Kokubun-ji (国分寺; Japanese pronunciation: [ko.kɯ.bɯɲ.dʑi(ꜜ)]) are Buddhist temples established in each of the provinces of Japan by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794). The official name for each temple was Konkomyo Shitenno Gokoku-ji (Konkōmyō Shitennō Gokoku-ji )
Connecticut Route 101
Route 101 is a state highway in northeastern Connecticut running from Pomfret to the Rhode Island state line in Killingly. The road originated as a 19th-century toll road known as the Connecticut and Rhode Island Turnpike. Route 101 was designated along the modern alignment in 1935 when an earlier Route 101 was renumbered to U.S. Route 44.

Killingly, Connecticut
Killingly is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. Killingly is the largest town by population in the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 17,752 at the 2020 census. It consists of the borough of Danielson and the villages of Attawaugan, Ballouville, Dayville, East Killingly, Rogers, and South Killingly.
Ché (band)
Ché was an American stoner rock band founded by former Kyuss drummers Brant Bjork and Alfredo Hernández, and former Unida bassist Dave Dinsmore. Ché released their only album, Sounds of Liberation, in 2000.

Unida
Unida (/juːˈniːdə/) is an American stoner rock band formed in 1998. The band's current line-up consists of Mark Sunshine, Arthur Seay, Miguel Cancino and Collyn McCoy. Their debut album, Coping with the Urban Coyote, was released in 1999. A follow-up album, initially titled The Great Divide and later titled For the Working Man, was recorded in the early 2000s, but has remained unreleased.
All India Youth Federation
The All India Youth Federation (AIYF) is a nationwide youth organisation of Communist Party of India founded on May 3, 1959. AIYF is affiliated to World Federation of Democratic Youth and member of general council of WFDY.

World Federation of Democratic Youth
The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) is an international youth organization, and has historically characterized itself as left-wing and anti-imperialist. WFDY was founded in London, United Kingdom, in 1945 as a broad international youth movement, organized in the context of the end of World War II with the aim of uniting youth from the Allies behind an anti-fascist platform that was broadly pro-peace, anti-nuclear war, expressing friendship between youth of the capitalist and socialist nations. The Federation was mostly sponsored and influenced by the Soviet Union and the organization mostly united youths from the Eastern Bloc and Non-Aligned nations. The WFDY Headquarters are in Budapest, Hungary. The main event of WFDY is the World Festival of Youth and Students. The last festival was held in Sochi, Russia, in October 2017. It was one of the first organizations granted general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.
Kondus Valley
Kondos Valley (Urdu: وادی کندوس) is a valley in the Masherbrum Tehsil of Ghanche District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It shares boundaries with China on the northern side and Indian-administered part of the disputed Kashmir region on the eastern side. It is 150 km from Skardu and 50 km from Khaplu with its population of approximately 10,000 people. It is located 9,500 feet above sea level.

The valley is approximately 162 km away from Skardu International Airport. The valley can be reached through Soltoro Road.

Skardu
Skardu (Urdu: سکردو, romanised: skardū, Tibetan script: སྐར་མདོ, pronounced [skərduː]) is a city located in Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. Skardu serves as the capital of Skardu District and the Baltistan Division. It is situated at an average elevation of nearly 2,500 metres (8,202 feet) above sea level in the Skardu Valley, at the confluence of the Indus and Shigar rivers.

Skardu is an important gateway to the eight-thousanders of the nearby Karakoram mountain range. The Indus River running through the region separates the Karakoram from the Ladakh Range.
2C-T
2C-T, or 2C-T-1, also known as 4-methylthio-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is taken orally. The drug has a relatively short duration and is of relatively low potency among the 2C psychedelics.

The drug acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. It is the parent compound of the 2C-T series of psychedelic phenethylamines, with derivatives such as 2C-T-2, 2C-T-4, 2C-T-7, and 2C-T-21, among many others.

2C-T was first described in the scientific literature by David E. Nichols and Alexander Shulgin in 1976. It was described in greater detail by Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). The drug was encountered as a novel designer drug in Europe in 2023.

2C-T-7
2C-T-7, also known as 4-propylthio-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine or as Blue Mystic or 7th Heaven, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is taken orally.

2C-T-7 was first described in the scientific literature by Myron Stolaroff in 1990. It was developed by Alexander Shulgin and colleagues and was described in greater detail by them in 1991, including in Shulgin's book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).
Alifuru script
Alifuru script is a writing system originating from the Maluku region in Indonesia. The letters in this script are derived from traditional symbols used in the culture of the Alifuru people, and are primarily used to write bahasa tanah — a ceremonial language spoken exclusively during traditional rituals.

Alifuru people
The Alifuru, Alfur, Alfurs, Alfuros, Alfures, Aliforoes, or Horaforas (Dutch: Alfoeren) is a collective term for the indigenous people of mixed Melanesian and Austronesian descent in the Maluku Islands in eastern Indonesia. Alifuru was a broad term historically used during the Portuguese seaborne empire. This term is primarily associated with the pagan communities from the area around the Arafura Sea. Traditionally associated with regions such as Seram, Buru, and the Kei Islands, the Alifuru are considered part of the broader Melanesian cultural and genetic continuum. While many speak Austronesian languages and have integrated aspects of Malay-Indonesian culture.
Raj Reddy
Dabbala Rajagopal "Raj" Reddy (born 13 June 1937) is an Indian-American computer scientist. He is one of the early pioneers of artificial intelligence and has served on the faculty of Stanford and Carnegie Mellon for over 50 years. He was the founding director of the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. He was instrumental in helping to create Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies in India, to cater to the educational needs of the low-income, gifted, rural youth. He was the founding chairman of International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad. He and Edward Feigenbaum won the 1994 ACM Turing Award, sometimes known as the Nobel Prize of computer science, for their work in the field of artificial intelligence. Reddy was the first person of Asian origin to receive the Turing Award.

International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad
The International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad (IIIT-Hyderabad or IIIT-H)  is a deemed university, founded as a non-profit public-private partnership (N-PPP), located in Hyderabad, India. It is the first IIIT in India under this model. It is considered the leading institution among all IIITs in India, and its public–private partnership model has served as a template for the establishment of several other IIITs across the country.

The institute is also known for supporting major Olympiad training programs and is held responsible for pathways toward the International Olympiad in Artificial Intelligence (IOAI) for India, and training Indian candidates.
Four Souls (novel)
Four Souls (2004) is an entry in the Love Medicine series by Chippewa (Ojibwe) author Louise Erdrich. It was written after The Master Butcher’s Singing Club (2003) and before The Painted Drum (2005); however, the events of Four Souls  take place after Tracks (1988). Four Souls follows Fleur Pillager, an Ojibwe woman, in her quest for revenge against the white man who stole her ancestral land. Fleur appears in many books in the series, and this novel takes place directly after her departure from the Little No Horse reservation at the end of Tracks. The novel is narrated by three characters, Nanapush, Polly Elizabeth, and Margaret, with Nanapush narrating all of the odd numbered chapters and Polly Elizabeth taking all but the last two even numbered chapters.

Love Medicine
Love Medicine is Louise Erdrich's debut novel, first published in 1984 by Holt. Erdrich revised and expanded the novel in subsequent 1993 and 2009 editions. The book follows the lives of five interconnected Ojibwe families living on fictional reservations in Minnesota and North Dakota. The collection of short stories in the book spans six decades from the 1930s to the 1980s. Love Medicine garnered critical praise and won numerous awards, including the 1984 National Book Critics Circle Award.
Richard Garwood
Air Marshal Sir Richard Frank Garwood, KBE, CB, DFC (born 10 January 1959) is a retired senior Royal Air Force officer.

He was appointed Deputy Commander-in-Chief (Operations) at RAF Air Command in April 2010, initially on an acting basis – having served for less than a year as Chief of Staff (Operations) – following the reassignment of Air Marshal Tim Anderson as Director General of the new Military Aviation Authority, and pending the appointment of Air Marshal Andrew Pulford. However, following the sudden death of the then Commander-in-Chief Air Chief Marshal Sir Christopher Moran, Pulford was in turn reassigned and Garwood promoted to air marshal and confirmed in post.

Garwood was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions in the Gulf War, and appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 2010 Birthday Honours. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2017 New Year Honours.

Tim Anderson (RAF officer)
Air Marshal Sir Timothy Michael Anderson, KCB, DSO (born 2 February 1957) is a retired senior Royal Air Force (RAF) officer. He served as the inaugural Director-General of the UK Military Aviation Authority (MAA) from 2010 to 2013. The MAA was established in response to the Haddon-Cave Review into the issues surrounding the loss of an RAF Nimrod over Afghanistan in September 2006. Earlier in his career, Anderson was a fast jet pilot, primarily flying the Tornado ground attack aircraft, and as Officer Commanding No. 14 Squadron led the United Kingdom's Tornado commitment to Operation Allied Force, the NATO air campaign over Kosovo in 1999, for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. He is currently Chairman of the UK Airspace Change Organising Group Steering Committee, overseeing a national infrastructure programme on behalf of the Secretary of State for Transport and the UK Civil Aviation Authority.
Tales of the World: Tactics Union
Tales of the World: Tactics Union (Japanese: テイルズ オブ ザ ワールド タクティクス ユニオン, Hepburn: Teiruzu Obu Za Warudo: Takutikusu Yunion) is a tactical role-playing game released for Android mobile devices by Bandai Namco Games. It is a spinoff of the Tales series of video games. It was released on July 2, 2012 in Japan, with no announcement towards release in English speaking regions. In January 2013, the game was ported to the iOS platform, and in October 2014, a 3DS version entitled Tales of the World: Reve Unitia was released as well.

Tactical role-playing game
Tactical role-playing game (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game or simulation RPG (both abbreviated SRPG), is a video game genre that combines core elements of role-playing video games with those of tactical (turn-based or real-time) strategy video games. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional tabletop role-playing games and strategy games in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from skirmish wargames such as Chainmail, which were primarily concerned with combat.
Sculpture in Brussels
Sculpture in Brussels has been created from the Middle Ages to the present day. The city has been an uninterrupted centre of autonomous training in the art of sculpture and has produced a long continuity of sculptors who were born and trained in Brussels or who came there to train. This style or school is sometimes referred to as the Brussels school of sculpture (French: École de sculpture bruxelloise; Dutch: Brusselse beeldhouwschool).

Brussels' sculpture began to shine in the second half of the 14th century with Claus Sluter's arrival in the city and the construction of the Town Hall. It continued without interruption and reached its momentum during 15th and 16th centuries. Until the end of the Ancien Régime, sculptors in Brussels were members of the Quatre Couronnés Guild of the Nation of St Nicholas and then the Royal Academy of Fine Arts.

Guilds of Brussels
The Guilds of Brussels (French: Guildes de Bruxelles; Dutch: Gilden van Brussel), grouped in the Nine Nations of Brussels (French: Neuf Nations de Bruxelles; Dutch: Negen Naties van Brussel), were associations of craft guilds that dominated the economic life of Brussels in the late medieval and early modern periods. From 1421 onwards, they were represented in the city government alongside the patrician lineages of the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels, later also in the States of Brabant as members of the Third Estate. As of 1421, they were also able to become members of the Drapery Court of Brussels. Together with the Seven Noble Houses, they formed the city's bourgeoisie. Some of their guildhouses can still be seen as part of the Grand-Place/Grote Markt (Brussels' main square), a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Portsmouth City Council
Portsmouth City Council is the local authority of the city of Portsmouth, in the ceremonial county of Hampshire, England. Portsmouth has had a council since medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1997 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council; it is independent from Hampshire County Council.

The council has been under no overall control since 2014, being run by a minority Liberal Democrat administration since 2018. The council meets at the Guildhall and has its main offices in the adjoining Civic Offices.

Hampshire County Council
Hampshire County Council (HCC) is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Hampshire in England. The council was created in 1889. The county council provides county-level services to eleven of the thirteen districts geographically located within the ceremonial county of Hampshire. The county council acts as the upper tier of local government to approximately 1.4 million people. It is one of 21 county councils in England.

Whilst they form part of the ceremonial county of Hampshire, the two cities of Southampton and Portsmouth are unitary authorities, independent from Hampshire County Council. The county council comprises 78 elected councillors, who meet in the city of Winchester, which is the county town.

Since 1997, the council has been controlled by the Conservatives.
Sex pheromone
Sex pheromones are pheromones released by an organism to attract an individual of the same species, encourage it to mate with it, or perform some other function closely related with sexual reproduction.
Sex pheromones specifically focus on indicating females for breeding, attracting the opposite sex, and conveying information on species, age, sex and genotype. Non-volatile pheromones, or cuticular contact pheromones, are more closely related to social insects as they are usually detected by direct contact with chemoreceptors on the antennae or feet of insects.

Insect sex pheromones have found uses in monitoring and trapping of pest insects.

Pheromone trap
A pheromone trap is a type of insect trap that uses pheromones to lure insects. Sex pheromones and aggregating pheromones are the most common types used. A pheromone-impregnated lure is encased in a conventional trap such as a bottle trap, delta trap, water-pan trap, or funnel trap. Pheromone traps are used both to count insect populations by sampling, and to trap pests such as clothes moths to destroy them.