hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gabriela Zapolska
Maria Gabriela Stefania Korwin-Piotrowska (1857–1921), known as Gabriela Zapolska, was a Polish novelist, playwright, naturalist writer, feuilletonist, theatre critic and stage actress. Zapolska wrote  41 plays, 23 novels, 177 short stories, 252 works of journalism, one film script, and over 1,500 letters.

Zapolska received most recognition for her socio-satirical comedies. Among them, The Morality of Mrs. Dulska – a tragic-farce, satirising ‘respectable’ bourgeois morals, is considered the most famous, and generally regarded as a landmark of early modernist Polish drama. Her stage plays were translated into foreign languages, and performed at Polish and European theatres, as well as adapted for radio and film. Zapolska herself acted on stage in over 200 plays in Warsaw, Kraków, Poznań, Lwów, Saint Petersburg and Paris.

Naturalism (literature)
Naturalism is a literary movement beginning in the late nineteenth century, similar to literary realism in its rejection of Romanticism, but distinct in its embrace of determinism, detachment, scientific objectivism, and social commentary. Literary naturalism emphasizes observation and the scientific method in the fictional portrayal of reality. Naturalism includes detachment, in which the narrator maintains an impersonal tone and disinterested point of view; determinism, which is defined as the opposite of free will, in which a character's fate has been decided, even predetermined, by impersonal forces of nature beyond human control; and a sense that the universe itself is indifferent to human life. The novel would be an experiment where the author could discover and analyze the forces, or scientific laws, that influenced behavior, and these included emotion, heredity, and environment. The movement largely traces to the theories of French author Émile Zola.
Jeff Blashill
Jeff Blashill (born December 10, 1973) is an American professional ice hockey coach who is the head coach for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was formerly the head coach for the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL.

Blashill previously served as the head coach for the Grand Rapids Griffins of the American Hockey League (AHL), an assistant coach for the Red Wings and Tampa Bay Lightning, the head coach at Western Michigan, the head coach and general manager of the Indiana Ice and the assistant hockey coach at both Ferris State and Miami University.

Miami RedHawks men's ice hockey
The Miami RedHawks men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Miami University, in Oxford, Ohio. The RedHawks are a member of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC), starting play in the conference's 2013–14 inaugural season. Prior to the NCHC, from 1980 to 2013, the RedHawks were a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) until the original CCHA disbanded in 2013. They play in Steve "Coach" Cady Arena at the Goggin Ice Center.
Butler Pike
Butler Pike is a road in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, that runs northeast from Conshohocken to Horsham Township. For most of its 9.8-mile (15.8 km) length, it is a county road and forms a boundary between townships.

Conshohocken, Pennsylvania
Conshohocken (/ˌkɒnʃəˈhɒkən/ KON-shə-HOK-ən; Lenape: Kanshihàkink) is a borough on the Schuylkill River in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania in suburban Philadelphia. Historically a large mill town and industrial and manufacturing center, after the decline of industry in recent years Conshohocken has developed into a center of riverfront commercial and residential development. In the regional slang, it is sometimes referred to by the colloquial nickname Conshy (/ˈkɒnʃi/ KON-shee).

As of the 2020 census, Conshohocken had a population of 9,261.

The sister community of West Conshohocken is located on the opposite side of the Schuylkill River.
Vijay Varma
Vijay Varma is an Indian actor who works predominantly in Hindi films and series. He graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India, before gaining recognition with the crime drama film Pink (2016). This was followed by supporting roles in Middle Class Abbayi (2017), Gully Boy (2019) and Baaghi 3 (2020). His performance in the former earned him a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Varma has since starred in several streaming projects, including Mirzapur (2020–present), Darlings (2022), Dahaad (2023), Kaalkoot (2023), Jaane Jaan (2023), and IC 814: The Kandahar Hijack (2024).
For his performance in the series Dahaad, he won the Filmfare OTT Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series (Critics).

Film and Television Institute of India
The Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) is a film institute under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India and aided by the Central Government of India. It is situated on the premises of the erstwhile Prabhat Film Company in Pune. It was established in 1960 and its alumni includes technicians, actors and directors in the film and television industry.

FTII is a member of the International Liaison Centre of Schools of Cinema and Television (CILECT), an organisation of the world's leading schools of film and television.

The centre will set up a new institute in Arunachal Pradesh as part of an initiative to tap the potential of the North-Eastern region, informed by Jitendra Singh Rana, former Union Minister of State for Development of North Eastern Region.

FTI also sponsors a film award show named Global Indie Film Awards/Festival or GIFA.
Ronnie Fair
Veronica Fair Sullins (born Veronica Ching Fair; August 5, 1978) is an American retired professional soccer player who represented the United States national team, winning three caps. She played professional club soccer for New York Power and San Diego Spirit of the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA).

Her twin sister, Lorrie Fair, was also a member of the national team, and when Ronnie was called in to participate in a game against England on May 9, 1997, in San Jose, California, it became the first time a pair of sisters played together for the women's national team.

Women's United Soccer Association
The Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA) was the world's first women's soccer league in which all the players were paid as professionals. Founded in February 2000, the league began its first season in April 2001 with eight teams in the United States. The league suspended operations on September 15, 2003, shortly after the end of its third season, after making cumulative losses of around US$100 million.
Minas Tênis Clube (basketball)
Minas Tênis Clube, commonly known simply as Minas or the Minas Storm, is a Brazilian basketball club based in Belo Horizonte. It is part of the Minas Tênis Clube multi-sports club. The team plays in the Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB) under the sponsorship name Decisão Engenharia/Minas. It also plays in the BCL Americas as of the 2021–22 season.

The team has won one continental title, winning the South American Champions Cup in 2007.

Campeonato Sudamericano de Clubes Campeones de Básquetbol
The Campeonato Sudamericano de Clubes Campeones de Básquetbol (Portuguese: Campeonato Sul-Americano de Clubes Campeões de Basquetebol, English: South American Basketball Championship of Champion Clubs), or Campeonato Sudamericano de Clubes de Básquetbol (South American Basketball Club Championship), was an international men's professional basketball cup competition that took place between South American sports clubs. It was originally organized by the South American Basketball Confederation (CONSUBASQUET), and later in 2008 by FIBA Americas. It was played annually between the league champions in each country, plus the winner of the previous edition.
Beate Clausdatter Bille
Beate Clausdatter Bille (30 April 1526 – 18 October 1605) was a Danish noblewoman and vassal who was born into the noble Bille family and married into the Brahe family. As a member of the royal court, she was Chief Court Mistress to Queen Sophie from 1584 to 1592. She married statesman Otte Brahe and became a feudal fiefholder in her own right following the death of her husband.

She and her husband Otte had 12 children, 8 of whom survived into adulthood, including the influential scientists and astronomers Tycho and Sophia Brahe.

Brahe
The Brahe family (originally Bragde) refers to two closely related noble families of Scanian origin that played significant roles in both Danish and Swedish history. The Danish branch became extinct in 1786, and the Swedish branch in 1930.
Karen Asrian
Karen Asrian (Armenian: Կարեն Ասրյան; 24 April 1980 – 9 June 2008) was an Armenian chess player. Awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1998, he was a three-time Armenian champion. Asrian was a member of the gold medal-winning Armenian team in the 37th Chess Olympiad.

37th Chess Olympiad
The 37th Chess Olympiad (Italian: Le 37° Olimpiadi degli scacchi), organized by FIDE and comprising an open and a women's tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between May 20 and June 4, 2006, in Turin, Italy. There were 148 teams in the open event and 103 in the women's event. In total, 1307 players were registered.

Both tournament sections were officiated by international arbiter Geurt Gijssen (Netherlands). Teams were paired across the 13 rounds of competition according to the Swiss system. The open division was played over four boards per round, while the women's was played over three. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The Buchholz system; 2. Match points; 3. The Sonneborn-Berger system; and 4. The Median Buchholz system.

The time control for each game permitted each player 90 minutes for all their moves, with an additional 30 seconds increment for each player after each move, beginning with the first.
SS Exodus
Exodus 1947 was a packet steamship that was built in the United States in 1928 as President Warfield for the Baltimore Steam Packet Company. From her completion in 1928 until 1942 she carried passengers and freight across Chesapeake Bay between Norfolk, Virginia and Baltimore, Maryland.

From 1942 President Warfield served in the Second World War as a barracks and training ship for the British Armed Forces. In 1944 she was commissioned into the United States Navy as USS President Warfield (IX-169), a station and accommodation ship for the D-Day landing on Omaha Beach.

In 1947, she was renamed Exodus 1947 to take part in Aliyah Bet. She took 4,515 Jewish migrants from France to Mandatory Palestine. Most were Holocaust survivors who had no legal immigration certificates for Palestine. The Royal Navy boarded her in international waters and took her to Haifa, where ships were waiting to return the migrants to refugee camps in Europe.

Port of Haifa
The Port of Haifa (Hebrew: נָמֵל חֵיפָה, romanized: Nāmēl Ḥēyfāh; Arabic: حَيْفَا مِينَة‎, romanized: Mīnāʿ Ḥayfā) is the largest of Israel's three major international seaports, the others being the Port of Ashdod, and the Port of Eilat. Its natural deep-water harbor operates all year long and serves both passenger and merchant ships. It is one of the largest ports in the eastern Mediterranean in terms of freight volume and handles about 30 million tons of cargo per year (not including Israel Shipyards' port). The port employs over 1,000 people, rising to 5,000 when cruise ships dock in Haifa. The Port of Haifa lies north of Haifa's downtown quarter on the Mediterranean and stretches to some three kilometres along the city's central shore with activities ranging from military, industrial, and commercial next to a nowadays-smaller passenger cruising facility and Uri Michaeli Haifa International Airport.
Fringe theory
A fringe theory is an idea or a viewpoint that differs significantly from the accepted scholarship of the time within its field. Fringe theories include the models and proposals of fringe science, as well as similar ideas in other areas of scholarship, such as the humanities. In a narrower sense, the term fringe theory is commonly used as a pejorative, roughly synonymous with the terms pseudo-scholarship and conspiracy theory. Precise definitions distinguishing widely held viewpoints and unaccepted theories are difficult to construct. Issues of false balance or false equivalence can occur when fringe theories are presented as being equal to widely accepted theories.

Pseudo-scholarship
Pseudo-scholarship (from pseudo- and scholarship) is a term used to describe work (e.g., a publication or lecture) or a body of work that is presented as, but is not, the product of rigorous and objective study or research; the act of producing such work; or the pretended learning upon which it is based.

Examples of pseudo-scholarship include:
The geometry and topology of three-manifolds
The geometry and topology of three-manifolds is a set of widely circulated notes for a graduate course taught at Princeton University by William Thurston from 1978 to 1980 describing his work on 3-manifolds. They were written by Thurston, assisted by students William Floyd and Steven Kerchoff. The notes introduced several new ideas into geometric topology, including orbifolds, pleated manifolds, and train tracks.

Train track (mathematics)
In the mathematical area of topology, a train track is a family of curves embedded on a surface, meeting the following conditions:

The curves meet at a finite set of vertices called switches.

Away from the switches, the curves are smooth and do not touch each other.

At each switch, three curves meet with the same tangent line, with two curves entering from one direction and one from the other.

The main application of train tracks in mathematics is to study laminations of surfaces, that is, partitions of closed subsets of surfaces into unions of smooth curves. Train tracks have also been used in graph drawing.
Taiwo Afolabi
Taiwo Olayinka Afolabi Listenⓘ(born April 29, 1962), MON, is a Nigerian business magnate and lawyer. He is the founder and current C.E.O of SIFAX Group, a conglomerate that deals in Maritime, Aviation, Haulage, Hospitality, Financial Services and Oil and Gas.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination
The Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination (LISD) is a research institute on self-determination, self-governance, and diplomacy. LISD is affiliated with the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. Founded in 2000 by the Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, the Institute aims to enhance global peace and stability through its projects, publications, and commentaries.

The overarching principles of LISD are outlined in the Liechtenstein Draft Convention on Self-Determination Through Self-Administration (2002), which was drafted by Hans-Adam II and Sir Arthur Watts. The manuscript outlines the general principle of self-determination as detailed by the United Nations General Assembly. It addresses, not only the set of proposals and technical requirements for the so-called Liechtenstein Initiative, but it also considers the structure of a treaty as a legal instrument for future cases.

Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies
The Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies (PIIRS) is the main research center for international studies and area studies at Princeton University and is one of the oldest centers of its kind in the United States. The Institute focuses on an interdisciplinary approach and its associated faculty is drawn from more than 150 professors and other scholars from more than 25 different departments within Princeton.  Its director is political scientist Deborah J. Yashar, the Donald E. Stokes Professor of Public and International Affairs.
Flange-bearing frog
A flange-bearing frog, often abbreviated FBF, is a type of frog in which the flange of the wheel on a railway vehicle supports the weight of the vehicle. In conventional practice, the tread of the wheel rests on the head of the rail and bears the weight of the vehicle, while the flange is used to keep the vehicle in the gauge of the track. Modern flange-bearing frogs for use in freight railroad applications are a relatively recent development as a means to reduce maintenance costs associated with turnouts and diamonds, where rails must cross one another.

Railway track
Railway track (CwthE and UIC terminology) or railroad track (NAmE), also known as permanent way (per way) (CwthE) or "P way" (BrE and Indian English), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers (railroad ties in American English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. It enables trains to move by providing a dependable, low-friction surface on which steel wheels can roll. Early tracks were constructed with wooden or cast-iron rails, and wooden or stone sleepers. Since the 1870s, rails have almost universally been made from steel.
Humanoid
A humanoid (/ˈhjuːmənɔɪd/; from English human and -oid "resembling") is a non-human entity with human form or characteristics. By the 20th century, the term came to describe fossils which were morphologically similar, but not identical, to those of the human skeleton.

Although this usage was common in the sciences for much of the 20th century, it is now considered rare. More generally, the term can refer to anything with distinctly human characteristics or adaptations, such as possessing opposable anterior forelimb-appendages (i.e. thumbs), visible spectrum-binocular vision (i.e. having two eyes), or biomechanic plantigrade-bipedalism (i.e. the ability to walk on heels and metatarsals in an upright position). Humanoids may also include human-animal hybrids (where each cell has partly human and partly animal genetic contents). Science fiction media frequently present sentient extraterrestrial lifeforms as humanoid as a byproduct of convergent evolution.

Thumb
The thumb is the first digit of the hand, next to the index finger. When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit. The Medical Latin English noun for thumb is pollex (compare hallux for big toe), and the corresponding adjective for thumb is pollical.
Mathieu Serradori
Mathieu Serradori (born 5 October 1979) is a French businessman and off-road racing driver. He leads an eponymous electrical service company in the public sector. Having contested the Dakar Rally on motorcycles in 2009, 2011, and 2012, Serradori switched to the car category at the end of the 2010s. He finished sixth overall in 2025 and 2026, driving a Century CR7.

2025 Dakar Rally
The 2025 Dakar Rally was a rally raid event that took place in Saudi Arabia. It is the 47th edition of the Dakar Rally, organized by Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), and the 6th time Saudi Arabia has hosted the event. The event took place from 3 to 17 January 2025. For the fourth year running, the event will also be the first round of the 2025 World Rally-Raid Championship.
Sergey Urusevsky
Sergey Pavlovich Urusevsky (Russian: Серге́й Павлович Урусевский) (23 December 1908, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire - 12 November 1974, Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Soviet cinematographer and film director, renowned for his work with Grigori Chukhrai, Mikhail Kalatozov and Yuli Raizman. His subjective camera style in I Am Cuba and The Cranes Are Flying is regarded as one of the best of all time, winning him several awards throughout his career. Urusevsky's work draws influence from Eduard Tisse, the cinematographer known for his work with Sergei Eisenstein.

Grigory Chukhray
Grigory Naumovich Chukhray (23 May 1921 – 28 October 2001) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter of Ukrainian origin. People's Artist of the USSR (1981). He's the father of the Russian film director Pavel Chukhray.
Goenkale
Goenkale (in English High Street) was a Basque soap-opera, produced by Pausoka Entertainment and ETB, which was broadcast every Monday and Tuesday on Basque Radio-television's first channel, ETB 1. Set in an imaginary Basque seaside town, the title of the serial is the name of the main street in that town. First broadcast in 1994, it was one of the most successful programmes of ETB 1. It ended in 2015 after 22 seasons and 3.707 episodes.

In the beginning every chapter lasted 30 minutes and they were broadcast from Monday to Friday. Then the Friday episode was removed. From 2004 two one-hour-long episodes were broadcast every Monday and Tuesday. Then thirty-minute episodes (half a normal episode) were repeated in the afternoon every day.

EITB
Euskal Irrati Telebista (Basque: [eus̺kal irat̪i t̪elebis̺t̪a]; transl. Basque Radio Television; acronym EITB, branded eitb) is the Basque Autonomous Community's public broadcast service, which broadcasts throughout the Basque Country. Its main brand is Euskal Telebista (ETB, Basque Television).

EITB is the leading media group in the Basque Autonomous Community of Spain with five domestic television channels and six radio stations. Their channels are also broadcast in the whole Basque Country, and people in nearby territories such as Burgos (in Castile and León), Cantabria, Huesca and Saragossa (in Aragon), La Rioja, and the non-Basque-speaking region of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in France) can also get the signal. It has been running since 1982 and during this period it has established itself as a major media organisation, connecting with more than a million people every day. The majority of EITB's broadcasts deal with local news and entertainment.
Hanon Russell
Hanon W. Russell is a lawyer, chess expert, chess book author, translator, online chess magazine publisher and chess book store operator. He maintains his office in Milford, Connecticut.

Mr. Russell has been translating Russian chess literature for four decades, has had in the past a master's rating, collects chess memorabilia, and practiced law in Connecticut. Russell first became known during the Soviet era for translating Russian-language documents into English. He enjoyed exceptional access to Soviet materials.

Hanon Russell has been involved for many years with the United States Chess Federation.  He is the former publisher ChessCafe.com, a weekly chess publication online.

Chess title
A chess title is a title regulated by a chess governing body and bestowed upon players based on their performance and rank. Such titles are usually granted for life. The international chess governing body FIDE grants several titles, the most prestigious of which is Grandmaster; many national chess federations also grant titles such as National Master. More broadly, the term "master" can refer to any highly skilled chess player.
Williams v. Reed
Williams v. Reed, 604 U.S. 168 (2025), is a decision of the United States Supreme Court holding that state laws requiring exhaustion of state administrative remedies are preempted by 42 U.S.C. § 1983 of the federal Ku Klux Klan Act when they prevent a state court from hearing claims challenging delays in the administrative process.

Federal preemption
In the law of the United States, federal preemption is the invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with federal law.  The rules of preemption seek to restrict it to only where it is explicit or necessary. In the course of adjudicating cases, the issue of preemption may be heard in either state or federal court.