hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zwanzig ab
Zwanzig ab, 20 ab or simply Zwanzig is card game for four players. It is a member of the Rams family in which the key feature is that players may choose to drop out of the game if they believe their hand is not strong enough to take a minimum number of tricks. It appears to be a recent, internet-propagated variant of Schnalzen or Bohemian Watten. However, the latter has a natural card ranking, is played with double German cards and a Weli, has no exchanging and has a different scoring system. It is suitable for children from 8 upwards. It may be related from Fünf dazu! which is a simpler game described by Gööck in 1967 that has neither trumps nor the option to drop out.

German-suited playing cards
German-suited playing cards are a very common style of traditional playing card used in many parts of Central Europe characterised by 32- or 36-card packs with the suits of Acorns (Eichel or Kreuz), Leaves (Grün, Blatt, Laub, Pik or Gras), Hearts (Herz or Rot) and Bells (Schelle, Schell or Bolle). The German suit system is one of the oldest, becoming standard around 1450 and, a few decades later, influencing the design of the now international French suit system of Clubs, Spades, Hearts and Diamonds. Today German-suited playing cards are common in south and east Germany, Austria, German-speaking Switzerland, Liechtenstein, north Italy, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, northern Serbia (Vojvodina province), southern Poland and central and western Romania and Siebenbürgen (Romania).
Franz Xaver Glöggl
Franz Xaver Glöggl (21 February 1764 – 16 June or July 1839) was an Austrian musician and musical entrepreneur. He was appointed Kapellmeister of the Cathedral of Linz in about 1797. He was an important figure in the cultural life of Linz. He corresponded with Haydn, Mozart and Georg Joseph Vogler,: 9  and was a friend of Beethoven.

Old Cathedral, Linz
The Old Cathedral (German: Alter Dom), also called the Church of Ignatius (German: Ignatiuskirche) or the Jesuit Church (German: Jesuitenkirche), is a church in Linz, Austria. It was built between 1669 and 1683 in Baroque style. From 1785 to 1909 it served as cathedral of the Diocese of Linz.
Jewish News Syndicate
Jewish News Syndicate (JNS) is a news agency and wire service that primarily covers Jewish and Israeli-related topics and news. While officially nonpartisan, compared to its larger and older competitor, the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, JNS is considered to be more conservative and hawkish.

American Jewish Press Association
The American Jewish Press Association (AJPA) is an organization of Jewish newspapers, magazines, journalists, and affiliated organizations in North America. Founded in 1944 by Gabriel Cohen as the Anglo-Jewish Publishers Association, AJPA awards the Rockower Awards, considered the "Jewish Pulitzers."
Attempted assassination of Abdel Fattah el‑Sisi in Mecca
Members of the Islamic State–affiliated group Sinai Province attempted to assassinate Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi during his Umrah pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia in 2014. The plot was publicly revealed by Egyptian prosecutors in November 2016 as part of a case involving 292 suspects accused of planning terrorist operations inside and outside Egypt.

Islamic State – Sinai Province
The Islamic State – Sinai Province (IS-SP; Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية سيناء, al-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah – Wilayah Sīnāʼ) was one of the Islamic State branchs that was active in Egypt, along with the Islamic State – Egypt Province. It was active mainly the Sinai Peninsula.
Sam Chun Dang Pharm
Sam Chun Dang Pharm Co., Ltd. (Korean: 삼천당제약; Hanja: 三千堂製藥; RR: Samcheondang jeyak), commonly abbreviated as SCD, is a South Korean pharmaceutical company engaged in the development, manufacturing, and sale of prescription medicines. Founded in 1943, the company is headquartered in Seocho-gu, Seoul, with manufacturing operations at the Hyannam Pharmaceutical Industrial Complex in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province. SCD is listed on the Korea Exchange (KRX: 000250).

The company is best known for its ophthalmic products, which accounts for approximately half of its total revenues, and has attracted attention for its development of an aflibercept biosimilar (SCD411) and an oral semaglutide generic.

Aflibercept
Aflibercept, sold under the brand names Eylea and Zaltrap among others, is a medication used to treat wet macular degeneration and metastatic colorectal cancer. It was developed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

It is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Aflibercept is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domains of human VEGF receptor 1 and 2 fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. By acting as a soluble decoy for the natural VEGF receptors, aflibercept inhibits their activation, thereby reducing angiogenesis.
Harry A. Trask
Harry A. Trask (1928–2002) was an American photojournalist. He received the 1957 Pulitzer Prize for Photography for his reportage of the Italian cruise ship SS Andrea Doria sinking into the Atlantic Ocean.

Pulitzer Prize for Photography
The Pulitzer Prize for Photography was one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It was inaugurated in 1942 and replaced by two photojournalism prizes in 1968: the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography and "Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography", which was later renamed Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography in 2000.

The Pulitzer Prizes were established by the bequest of Joseph Pulitzer, which suggested four journalism awards, and were inaugurated beginning 1917. By 1942 there were eight Pulitzers for journalism; for several years now there have been 14 including the two for photojournalism.
Chris Tormey
Christopher Joseph Tormey (born May 1, 1955) is an American former football coach.

Formerly the head coach at Nevada and Idaho (his alma mater), Tormey was an assistant coach for 16 seasons at Washington (1984–94 & 2004–08); he also spent two seasons there as a graduate assistant (1980–81). He returned to the high school level in 2014 as the head coach at South Whidbey in Langley, Washington. then moved up to CFL as an assistant in 2015.

South Whidbey School District
South Whidbey School District #206 is a school district that operates on the "Southend" of Whidbey Island in the US state of Washington.  The district offices are located in Langley.  The current superintendent is Dr. Jo Moccia. The current school board consists of Brook Willeford, Andrea Downs, Marnie Jackson, Ann Johnson, Joe Greenheron, and two Student Representatives, Carter McKnight and Callahan Dobmier.

The district includes Langley, Clinton, and almost all of Freeland.
Sulejman Smajić
Sulejman Smajić (born 13 August 1984) is a Bosnian retired professional footballer and sporting director of First League of FBiH club NK Metalleghe-BSI.

As a player, he also played for the Bosnia and Herzegovina U21 national team and the Bosnia and Herzegovina full national team.

Bosnia and Herzegovina national under-21 football team
Bosnia and Herzegovina U21 national football team is made up by players who are 21 years old or younger and represents Bosnia and Herzegovina in international football matches at this age level.

The national U21 team has never qualified for a major tournament, but has had a couple of near misses, including in 2006, when they played Czech Republic during the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualification playoffs but lost on aggregate. The Czechs won 2–1 at home, while the result was a 1–1 draw in Sarajevo.
Chipmunk Punk
Chipmunk Punk is an album by the Chipmunks, as well as being the first album released by Ross Bagdasarian Jr., after he took over the voices of the Chipmunks after the death of his father in 1972. Despite the title of the album, none of the songs listed are considered to be in the style of real punk rock music.  It was released in June 1980 (see 1980 in music). The album peaked at No. 34 on the Billboard 200. It was certified gold by the RIAA on October 14, 1980, becoming the Chipmunks' first gold record. In 2005, it was re-released on CD, although the CD was only available through the official Chipmunks website. In Canada, the album reached No. 59.

Ross Bagdasarian
Ross S. Bagdasarian (/bæɡdəˈsɛəriən/; January 27, 1919 – January 16, 1972), also known by his stage name David Seville, was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor best known for creating the cartoon band Alvin and the Chipmunks. Initially a stage and film actor, he rose to prominence in 1958 with the songs "Witch Doctor" and "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)", which both became Billboard number-one singles. He produced and directed The Alvin Show, which aired on CBS in 1961–62.
Sebastian Kind
Sebastian Alejandro Kind (born 1979) is an Argentinian engineer, policymaker and advisor. He served as Undersecretary of Renewable Energy at the Ministry of Energy in Argentina between 2016 and 2019. Kind led the country's energy transition towards a cleaner matrix through a program titled RenovAr. In 2018, he was appointed as Chair of the Council of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).

International Renewable Energy Agency
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organization mandated to facilitate cooperation, advance knowledge, and promote the adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy. It is the first international organization to focus exclusively on renewable energy, addressing needs in both industrialized and developing countries. It was founded in 2009, and its statute entered into force on 8 July 2010. The agency is headquartered in Masdar City, Abu Dhabi. The Director-General of IRENA is Francesco La Camera, a national of Italy. IRENA is an official United Nations observer.
Fire-throated flowerpecker
The fire-throated flowerpecker (Dicaeum luzoniense) is a species of bird in the flowerpecker family Dicaeidae that is found in the Philippines except on the islands of Mindoro, the Palawan group and the Sulu Archipelago. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the fire-breasted flowerpecker (Dicaeum ignipectus).

Fire-breasted flowerpecker
The fire-breasted flowerpecker (Dicaeum ignipectus) is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Like other flowerpeckers, this tiny bird feeds on fruits and plays an important role in the dispersal of fruiting plants. Unlike many other species in the genus, this species has marked sexual dimorphism with the male having contrasting upper and lower parts with a distinctive bright orange breast patch. The female is dull coloured.
Orthogonal Procrustes problem
The orthogonal Procrustes problem is a matrix approximation problem in linear algebra.  In its classical form, one is given two matrices  and  and asked to find an orthogonal matrix  which most closely maps  to . Specifically, the orthogonal Procrustes problem is an optimization problem given by

where  denotes the Frobenius norm.  This is a special case of Wahba's problem (with identical weights; instead of considering two matrices, in Wahba's problem the columns of the matrices are considered as individual vectors). Another difference is that Wahba's problem tries to find a proper rotation matrix instead of just an orthogonal one.

The name Procrustes refers to a bandit from Greek mythology who made his victims fit his bed by either stretching their limbs or cutting them off.

Matrix norm
In the field of mathematics, norms are defined for elements within a vector space. Specifically, when the vector space comprises matrices, such norms are referred to as matrix norms. Matrix norms differ from vector norms in that they must also interact with matrix multiplication.
USS ATA-216
USS ATA-216 was an ATA-214-class tug of the United States Navy built in 1944. Originally laid down as the net tender Allthorn of the Ailanthus class, she was redesignated before being launched. The ship was commissioned on 30 October 1944. ATA-216 had a brief naval career, and was decommissioned on 26 March 1946.

Net laying ship
A net laying ship, also known as a net layer, net tender, gate ship or boom defence vessel was a type of naval auxiliary ship.

A net layer's primary function was to lay and maintain steel anti-submarine nets or anti torpedo nets. Nets could be laid around an individual ship at anchor, or harbor entrances or dry docks, or other anchorages. Net laying was potentially dangerous work, and net laying seamen were experts at dealing with blocks, tackles, knots and splicing. As World War II progressed, net layers were pressed into a variety of additional roles including salvage, troop and cargo transport, buoy maintenance, and service as tugboats. Many of the ships were decommissioned after the war, but some continued in service for several more decades.

Net layers were eventually made redundant by advances in underwater detection technology.
Tejgaon Thana
Tejgaon (Bengali: তেজগাঁও) is a thana of Dhaka District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is in the centre of Dhaka, the capital. In 2006, the boundaries of the thana were redrawn when Tejgaon Industrial Area Thana was created out of the former larger area and again in 2009, when Sher-e-Bangla Nagar Thana was created.

This is an important area of Dhaka city as the prime minister's office is here. It is bounded by Mohakhali to the north, Old Airport Road to the east, Moghbazar-Malibagh to the south and Dhanmondi to the west. It consists of several localities, including Tejgaon Industrial Area, Kawran Bazar, Nakhalpara, Shaheen Bag, Arjat para, East Raja Bazar, West Raja Bazar, Tejturi Bazar, Monipuripara and Tejkunipara.

Administrative geography of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is divided into 8 divisions and 64 districts, although these have a limited role in public policy. For the purpose of local governance, the country is divided into subdistricts, municipalities (or town councils), city corporations (i.e., metropolitan municipal corporations), and union councils (i.e., rural councils).

The diagram below outlines the five tiers of government in Bangladesh.
Lynestrenol
Lynestrenol, sold under the brand names Exluton and Ministat among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills and in the treatment of gynecological disorders. The medication is available both alone and in combination with an estrogen. It is taken by mouth.

Lynestrenol is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has weak androgenic and estrogenic activity and no other important hormonal activity. The medication is a prodrug of norethisterone in the body, with etynodiol occurring as an intermediate.

Lynestrenol was discovered in the late 1950s and was introduced for medical use in 1961. It has mostly been used in Europe and elsewhere in the world and was never marketed in the United States.

Progesterone receptor
The progesterone receptor (PR), also known as NR3C3 or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 3, is a protein found inside cells. It is activated by the steroid hormone progesterone.

In humans, PR is encoded by a single PGR gene residing on chromosome 11q22, it has three isoforms: PR-A, PR-B, and PR-C. Though PR-A and PR-B are much more well studied compared to PR-C. The PR-B is the positive regulator of the effects of progesterone, while PR-A serve to antagonize the effects of PR-B.
Protea intonsa
Protea intonsa, also known as the tufted sugarbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, endemic to South Africa, where it is distributed from the eastern Swartberg and Kammanassie Mountains to the Baviaanskloof mountains. In Afrikaans, it is known as klossie-suikerbos.

Kammanassie Mountains
The Kammanassie Mountains (Kammanassieberge in Afrikaans) are a mountain range in the Western Cape, South Africa. The highest peak is Mannetjiesberg at 1,955 metres above sea level and the mountain range is one of the prominent east-west trending ranges composing the southern branch of the Cape Fold Belt.
Raju Basnet
Raju Basnet (born 1969) is an Indian politician from Sikkim state. He is an MLA from Namchaybong Assembly constituency in Pakyong district. He represents Sikkim Krantikari Morcha Party and won the 2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election.
He is Minister of Education,
Sports & Youth Affairs,
Law & Parliamentary Affairs Department in Second Tamang ministry.

Namchaybong Assembly constituency
Namchaybong is one of the 32 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Sikkim, in India. It is part of Pakyong district.

As of 2019, it is represented by Em Prasad Sharma of the Sikkim Krantikari Morcha.
Yesomi Umolu
Yesomi Umolu (born 1983 or 1984) is a British curator of contemporary art and writer who has been director of curatorial affairs and public practice for the Serpentine Galleries since 2020.

Umolu previously held curatorial positions at the Walker Art Center, the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum at Michigan State University, and the Logan Center for the Arts at the University of Chicago. She then served as artistic director of the Chicago Architecture Biennial 2019 before assuming her current position at the Serpentine Galleries.

Umolu has published works in publications such as Art in America and Afterimage, and has written and spoken on issues surrounding diversity and structural racism in museums.

Serpentine Galleries
The Serpentine Galleries are two contemporary art galleries in Kensington Gardens, Westminster, Greater London. Recently rebranded to just Serpentine, the organisation is split across Serpentine South (previously known as the Serpentine Gallery) and Serpentine North (previously known as the Sackler Gallery).

The gallery spaces are within five minutes' walk of each other, linked by the bridge over the Serpentine Lake from which the galleries get their names. Their exhibitions, architecture, education and public programmes attract up to 1.2 million visitors a year. Admission to both galleries is free. The CEO is Bettina Korek, and the artistic director Hans Ulrich Obrist.
Dhaurahra Assembly constituency
Dhaurahra  Assembly constituency is  one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly,  India. It is a part of the Lakhimpur district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Dhaurahra Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 141. Vinod Shankar Avasthi of Bharatiya Janata Party is the MLA of Dhaurahra constituency elected in 2022.

Lakhimpur Kheri district
Lakhimpur Kheri district is the largest district in Uttar Pradesh, India, on the border with Nepal.  Its administrative capital is the city of Lakhimpur.

Lakhimpur Kheri district is a part of Lucknow division, with a total area of 7,680 square kilometres (2,970 sq mi). The national government designated Lakhimpur Kheri as a Minority Concentrated District on the basis of 2001 census data, which identifies it as requiring urgent aid to improve living standards and amenities.

Dudhwa National Park,  and Pilibhit Tiger reserve are in Lakhimpur Kheri and are the only national park in Uttar Pradesh. They are home to many rare and endangered species including 65+ Tigers, leopards, swamp deer, hispid hares and Bengal florican.
Supergolden ratio
In mathematics, the supergolden ratio is a  geometrical proportion, given by the unique real solution of the equation x3 = x2 + 1. Its decimal expansion begins with 1.465571231876768...  (sequence A092526 in the OEIS).

The name supergolden ratio is by analogy with the golden ratio, the positive solution of the equation x2 = x + 1.

On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) is an online database of integer sequences. It was created and maintained by Neil Sloane while researching at AT&T Labs. He transferred the intellectual property and hosting of the OEIS to the OEIS Foundation in 2009, and is its chairman.

OEIS records information on integer sequences of interest to both professional and amateur mathematicians, and is widely cited. As of November 2025, it contains over 390,000 sequences, and is growing by approximately 30 entries per day.

Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links, and more, including the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database is searchable by keyword, by subsequence, or by any of 16 fields. There is also an advanced search function called SuperSeeker which runs a large number of different algorithms to identify sequences related to the input.
Phil Scott
Philip Brian Scott (born August 4, 1958) is an American politician, stock car racer, and businessman who has served since 2017 as the 82nd governor of Vermont. A member of the Republican Party, he was a representative for the Washington District in the Vermont Senate from 2001 to 2011 and the 81st lieutenant governor of Vermont from 2011 to 2017.

Scott was first elected governor of Vermont in the 2016 general election, and was reelected in 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2024. Scott's 2024 margin of victory is the largest in any Vermont gubernatorial election since 1946. As of 2025, Scott is the second-longest serving incumbent governor in the U.S.

One of the nation's most popular governors, Scott is often described as a moderate Republican or a liberal Republican. According to the Cook Partisan Voting Index, Vermont is the most Democratic-leaning U.S. state (D+17).

Washington (Vermont Senate district)
The Washington district is one of 13 Vermont Senate districts included in the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2010 U.S. census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020. A new plan will be developed in 2022 following the 2020 U.S. census.

The Washington district includes all of Washington County, along with some parts of others.
Giulio Alessio
Giulio Alessio (13 May 1853 – 19 December 1940) was professor of finance and, after 1920, political economy at the University of Padua for more than fifty years. He was not yet thirty when he produced his two volume study of the evolution of the Italian taxation system between 1861 and approximately 1900. It was one of several works that he wrote which became mainstream texts during and beyond the first half of the twentieth century. He also entered national politics, serving between 1897 and 1924 as a deputy (member of the elected chamber) of the Italian Parliament). As political parties developed in Italy, he became a member of the Radical Party.  He accepted several ministerial appointments in centre-left governments between 1920 and the coming to power in 1922 of Benito Mussolini, whose tactics and policies he excoriated.

Italian Radical Party
The Italian Radical Party (Italian: Partito Radicale Italiano), also known as the Historical Radical Party (Partito Radicale storico), was a political party in Italy. Heir of the Historical Far Left and representative of Italy's political left in its beginning, with the rise of the Italian Socialist Party, it came to represent centre-left politics. The party was associated with radicalism, republicanism, secularism, social liberalism, and anti-clericalism.
Martina Fedel
Martina Fedel (born December 20, 2002) is a Swedish-Italian ice hockey goaltender for the Guelph Gryphons of Ontario University Athletics (OUA). She is a member of the Italian women's national ice hockey team and participated at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Guelph Gryphons women's ice hockey
The Guelph Gryphons are an ice hockey team that represents the University of Guelph. They compete in the Ontario University Athletics Conference in U Sports. The program has yielded seven McCaw Cup conference championships and one Golden Path Trophy national championship, coming in 2019.