hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Haematomma sorediatum
Haematomma sorediatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Haematommataceae. It is distinctive among its relatives for producing soredia (powdery asexual reproductive particles containing fungal and algal cells) in small, round soralia; these soredia can disperse and form new lichen bodies (thalli). It forms pale white to greyish crusts on tree bark and has been recorded in Australia and New Zealand, with scattered records in Europe and the Americas. When it produces fruiting bodies, they are bright red and stand out against the pale thallus. The species was formally described in 1982 from south-eastern Australia. Records now extend across Australasia and to scattered localities elsewhere, but it remains poorly documented in many regions.

Haematomma
Haematomma is a genus of crustose lichens established by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. It is the sole genus in the Haematommataceae, a family circumscribed by Josef Hafellner in 1984. Commonly called bloodstain lichens, the species assigned to this genus are widely distributed in tropical and temperate areas.

The genus name Haematomma means "bloody eye", a reference to the color of the lichen's apothecia.
Arkansas Highway 28
Arkansas Highway 28 (AR 28) is a designation for four state highways in west Arkansas. One segment of 20.45 miles (32.91 km) runs from the Oklahoma state line east to U.S. Route 71 (US 71) north of Waldron. A second segment of 43.78 miles (70.46 km) runs from US 71 at Needmore east to Highway 27 at Rover. A third segment of 10.67 miles (17.17 km) runs from Highway 27 north of Rover east to Highway 10 in Ola. A fourth segment of 9.00 miles (14.48 km) runs from Highway 154 at Mt. George east to Highway 7 in Dardanelle. All four highways are rural, two-lane roads with relatively low traffic serving a sparsely populated and forested part of Arkansas. The highways are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT).

U.S. Route 71 in Arkansas
U.S. Route 71 (US 71) is a U.S. route that runs from Krotz Springs, LA to the Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge at the Canadian border. In Arkansas, the highway runs from the Louisiana state line near Doddridge to the Missouri state line near Bella Vista. In Texarkana, the highway runs along State Line Avenue with US 59 and partially runs in Texas (northbound traffic is in Arkansas and southbound in Texas). Other areas served by the highway include Fort Smith and Northwest Arkansas.
Chipping, Lancashire
Chipping is a village and civil parish in the borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England, within the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Its grid reference is SD6243, and the nearest substantial settlement is Longridge, nearly 4 mi (6.4 km) to the south. In the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 1,046, falling slightly to 1,043 at the 2011 census. The village has won several best-kept village competitions over the years. The village also won the village section of the Royal Horticultural Society Britain in Bloom competition in 2009, picking up RHS Tourism and Gold achievement awards in the process.

Longridge
Longridge is a market town and civil parish in the borough of Ribble Valley in Lancashire, England. It is situated 8 miles (13 km) north-east of the city of Preston, at the western end of Longridge Fell, a long ridge above the River Ribble. The nearest villages are Grimsargh, 2 miles (3 km) to the southeast, and Ribchester 4 miles (6 km) to the southeast. The parish of Longridge had a population of 7,546 recorded in the 2001 census, increasing to 7,724 at the 2011 Census.
Penibaetic System
The Penibaetic System (Spanish: Sistema Penibético or Cordillera Penibética) is the southernmost of the three systems of mountain ranges of the Baetic System in the southern Iberian Peninsula. It includes the highest point in the peninsula, 3,478 m high Mulhacén in the Sierra Nevada.

Sierra Nevada (Spain)
Sierra Nevada (Spanish: [ˈsjera neˈβaða]; meaning "snow-covered mountain range") is a mountain range in the Andalusian province of Granada in Spain. It contains the highest point of continental Spain: Mulhacén, at 3,479 metres (11,414 ft) above sea level.

It is a popular tourist destination, as its high peaks make skiing possible in one of Europe's most southerly ski resorts, in an area along the Mediterranean Sea predominantly known for its high temperatures and abundant sunshine. At its foothills is found the city of Granada, and a little further south, Almería and Motril.

Parts of the range have been included in the Sierra Nevada National Park. The range has also been declared a biosphere reserve. The Sierra Nevada Observatory, the Calar Alto Observatory, and the IRAM 30m telescope are located on the northern slopes at an elevation of 2,800 metres (9,200 ft).
Henry Ayers
Sir Henry Ayers (now pron. "airs") GCMG (1 May 1821 – 11 June 1897) was the eighth Premier of South Australia, serving a record five times between 1863 and 1873.

His lasting memorial was in the name Ayers Rock, now better-known as Uluru, which was named in 1873 by the explorer William Gosse.

Premier of South Australia
The Premier of South Australia is the head of government in the Australian state of South Australia. The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system, with the Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature. The Premier is appointed by the Governor of South Australia, and by modern convention holds office by virtue of their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the House of Assembly.

Peter Malinauskas is the current Premier, having served since 21 March 2022. Thomas Playford IV is the longest serving Premier, and the longest serving head of government in Australian history, serving for over 26 years from 1938 until 1965, holding on to power thanks the Playmander.
Lake railway station
Lake railway station is a station on the Isle of Wight serving the village of Lake, situated in a quiet residential area not far from Lake Cliff Gardens and the beach at Sandown Bay. Until the construction of an interchange station with the Isle of Wight Steam Railway at Smallbrook Junction in 1991, this station was the newest on the island: it was opened by British Rail in 1987. The station is formed of a single platform with a shelter.

Smallbrook Junction railway station
Smallbrook Junction railway station is a railway station on the Isle of Wight, England. It is unusual because it has no public access but exists purely to provide a connection between two rail systems.

Another similar station is Manulla Junction in County Mayo, Ireland. However, that station allows interchange between two national network rail routes, rather than between a network route and a heritage route.
Linnaeoideae
Linnaeoideae is a subfamily of the family Caprifoliaceae. It was formerly treated as the separate family Linnaeaceae. Five or six genera are placed in the subfamily, which ranges from creeping to erect shrubs. Most genera and species are native to East Asia, particularly China. One genus is native to Mexico, and Linnaea borealis occurs around the Northern Hemisphere.

Linnaea
Linnaea borealis is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae (the honeysuckle family). It is the only species in the genus Linnaea. It is a boreal to subarctic woodland subshrub, commonly known as twinflower (sometimes written twin flower).

This plant was a favourite of Carl Linnaeus, founder of the modern system of binomial nomenclature, after whom the genus was named.
Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 118
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 118 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Blair and Huntingdon counties in Pennsylvania in the United States, providing hunting, bird watching, and other activities.

Pennsylvania State Game Lands
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands (SGL) are lands managed by the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) for hunting, trapping, and fishing. These lands, often not usable for farming or development, are donated to the PGC or purchased by the PGC with hunting license money.

The Pennsylvania Game Commission runs a monthly publication called the Pennsylvania Game News. This publication features financial and legislative updates from the PGC, stories, and monthly Field Notes submitted by the Wildlife Conservation Officers of the Pennsylvania Game Commission.
Tosho Boy
Tosho Boy (Japanese: トウショウボーイ; 15 April 1973 – 18 September 1992) was a Japanese thoroughbred racehorse and stallion. Tosho Boy was successful as a racehorse, winning 10 of his 15 starts, including some of Japan's most significant horse races, such as the Satsuki Shō, Arima Kinen, and Takarazuka Kinen. Tosho Boy was part of a rivalry called "TTG" between himself, Ten Point, and Green Grass. Tosho Boy was voted both Japanese Horse of the Year and best three-year-old colt in 1976 for his racing successes. After retiring from racing, Tosho Boy was also a significant sire, producing numerous major stakes winners, including Japanese Triple Crown winner Mr. C. B.. With his success as both a racer and a stallion, Tosho Boy was elected to the JRA Hall of Fame in 1984.

Ten Point
Ten Point (テンポイント) April 19 , 1973 - March 5, 1978 was a racehorse registered by the Japan Racing Association. Ten Point, Tosho Boy, and Green Grass were a group of Thoroughbred horses referred to as TTG.

Ten Point debuted in August 1975 as a racehorse. He gathered attention in a classic race in Kansai and was named "Young Youth of the Falling Star" due to his facial features and chestnut coat. He did not win the classic race, but he managed to win the Tenno Sho and the Arima Kinen at the age of four. His match race with Tosho Boy in the 1977 Arima Kinen race remains the most famous in horse racing history. In January 1978, Ten Point had a bone fracture in the middle of the Japanese Economy New Year Cup and died after 43 days of treatment.

Ten Point won the JRA Award for Best Two-Year-Old Colt in 1975 and the JRA Award for Best Older Male Horse in 1977. He was elected to the Japan Racing Association Hall of Fame in 1990. Akira Shikato was Ten Point's jockey.
Government of Selangor
The Government of Selangor, officially the State Government of Selangor, refers to the government authority of the Malaysian state of Selangor. The state government adheres to and is created by both the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, the supreme law of Malaysia, and the Constitution of the State of Selangor, the supreme law in Selangor. The government of Selangor is based in Shah Alam, the state's capital city.

The state government consists of only two branches – executive and legislative. The Selangor State Executive Council forms the executive branch, whilst the Selangor State Legislative Assembly is the legislature of the state government. Selangor's head of government is the Menteri Besar. The state government does not have a judiciary branch, as Malaysia's judicial system is a federalised system operating uniformly throughout the country.

Selangor State Legislative Assembly
The Selangor State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Selangor) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Selangor. The State Assembly is composed of 56 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and by Malaysian political convention, are conducted simultaneously with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies (except Sabah and Sarawak).

It convenes at the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Building in the capital Shah Alam. Since 2008, Assembly proceedings have been broadcast live on the internet.
Bytownite
Bytownite is a calcium rich member of the plagioclase solid solution series of feldspar minerals with composition between anorthite and labradorite. It is usually defined as having between 70 and 90%An (formula: (Ca0.7−0.9Na0.3−0.1)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]). Like others of the series, bytownite forms grey to white triclinic crystals commonly exhibiting the typical plagioclase twinning and associated fine striations.

The specific gravity of bytownite varies between 2.74 and 2.75. The refractive indices ranges are nα=1.563 – 1.572, nβ=1.568 – 1.578, and nγ=1.573 – 1.583. Precise determination of these two properties with chemical, X-ray diffraction, or petrographic analysis are required for identification.

Anorthite
Anorthite (< an 'not' + ortho 'straight') is the calcium endmember of the plagioclase feldspar mineral series. The chemical formula of pure anorthite is CaAl2Si2O8. Anorthite is found in igneous rocks.
McGuinty ministry
The McGuinty ministry was the combined cabinet (formally the Executive Council of Ontario) that governed Ontario from October 23, 2003, to February 11, 2013. It was led by the 24th Premier of Ontario, Dalton McGuinty. The ministry was made up of members of the Ontario Liberal Party, which commanded at first a majority and later a minority in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The ministry replaced the Eves ministry following the 2003 Ontario general election. The ministry governed through all of the 38th and 39th Parliaments of Ontario, as well as just over a year of the 40th Parliament of Ontario; after the Ontario Liberal Party secured only a minority in the 2011 election, McGuinty eventually resigned, and was succeeded as Premier of Ontario by Kathleen Wynne.

2011 Ontario general election
General elections were held on October 6, 2011, to elect members of the 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The Ontario Liberal Party was elected to a minority government, with the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PC Party) serving as the Official Opposition and the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP) serving as the third party. In the final result, Premier McGuinty's party fell one seat short of winning a majority government.

Under amendments passed by the Legislature in December 2005, Ontario elections were now held on fixed dates, namely the first Thursday of October every four years. The writ of election was issued by Lieutenant Governor David Onley on September 7, 2011.

The election saw a then–record low voter turnout of 48.2%, only to be surpassed by the 2022 Ontario general election with 44.06%.
Toys, Toys, Toys, Choke, Toys, Toys, Toys
"Toys, Toys, Toys, Choke, Toys, Toys, Toys" is a song by Biffy Clyro from their second album, The Vertigo of Bliss, and was the band's fourth single. It appeared as a double A-side with "Joy.Discovery.Invention", and was released on CD and 7". The B-side to the vinyl, "All The Way Down (Chapter 2)", originally first appeared on the band's debut independent single, "Iname", in 1999.

Iname (song)
"Iname" is the debut single by Scottish band Biffy Clyro, released on 28 June 1999 on Aereogramme's independent label Babi Yaga. This first release led to the band being chosen by Stow College's Electric Honey label to release their debut EP, thekidswhopoptodaywillrocktomorrow.
Legal aspects of ritual slaughter
The legal aspects of ritual slaughter include the regulation of slaughterhouses, butchers, and religious personnel involved with traditional shechita (Judaism) and dhabiha (Islam). Regulations also may extend to butchery products sold in accordance with kashrut and halal religious law. Governments regulate ritual slaughter, primarily through legislation and administrative law. In addition, compliance with oversight of ritual slaughter is monitored by governmental agencies and, on occasion, contested in litigation.

The most controversial aspect of ritual slaughter is the legality of unstunned slaughter, where animal welfare concerns regularly clash with religious concerns, and split public opinion.

Shechita
In Judaism, shechita (anglicized: /ʃəxiːˈtɑː/; Hebrew: שחיטה; [ʃχiˈta]; also transliterated shehitah, shechitah, shehita) is ritual slaughtering of certain mammals and birds for food according to kashrut. One who practices this, a kosher butcher, is called a shochet.
2011 CFU Club Championship
The 2011 CFU Club Champions’ Cup was the 13th edition of the CFU Club Championship, the annual international club football competition in the Caribbean region, held amongst clubs whose football associations are affiliated with the Caribbean Football Union (CFU). The top three teams in the tournament qualified for the 2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League.

2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League
The 2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League was the 4th edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current format, and overall the 47th edition of the premier football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament began on July 26, 2011 and finished with the second leg of the final April 25, 2012.

Defending champions Monterrey won the title, and qualified as the CONCACAF representative at the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup.
Nettelnburg
"Nettelnburg" (Low German: "Nettelnborg") is a district of Hamburg-Bergedorf, bordering Allermöhe and Neuallermöhe, situated in the western marshes along the Elbe River. Nettelnburg is not an independent district but a part of the Bergedorf quarter. In the 1920s, Old-Nettelnburg was built under the supervision of architect Fritz Winterfeldt.

Allermöhe
Allermöhe (German pronunciation: [alɐˈmøːə] ⓘ) is a quarter in the borough Bergedorf of the Free and Hanseatic city of Hamburg in northern Germany. The quarter consists of a rural area and the old settlement Allermöhe. In 2020 the population was 1,392 (without the new neighbourhood Neuallermöhe, which is a separate quarter).
1902 Orkney and Shetland by-election
The 1902 Orkney and Shetland by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 18–19 November 1902. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency)
Orkney and Shetland (Scottish Gaelic: Arcaibh agus Sealtainn) is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election and has been represented by Alistair Carmichael of the Scottish Liberal Democrats since 2001. In the Scottish Parliament, Orkney and Shetland are separate constituencies.
The constituency was historically known as Orkney and Zetland (an alternative name for Shetland).

In the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, 65.4% of the constituency's electors voted for Scotland to stay part of the United Kingdom.
Joseph Bourke, 3rd Earl of Mayo
Joseph Deane Bourke, 3rd Earl of Mayo (English: /bɜːrk/; BURK; 1736 – 20 August 1794) was an Irish peer and cleric who held several high offices in the Church of Ireland including Bishop of Ferns and Leighlin (1772–82) and Archbishop of Tuam (1782–94).

Archbishop of Tuam
The Archbishop of Tuam (/ˈtjuːəm/ TEW-əm; Irish: Ard-Easpag Thuama) is an archbishop which takes its name after the town of Tuam in County Galway, Ireland. The title was used by the Church of Ireland until 1839, and is still in use by the Catholic Church.
Untied.com
Untied.com was a website critical of United Airlines that logged complaints from passengers. The name untied.com transposes two of the letters of the name "United" and also suggests disorder. Kevin Simpson of the Denver Post said in 2000 that "The Untied.com phenomenon mirrors the online trend in consumer activism that has caught on with the disgruntled flying public this summer travel season." In 1998 Laura Bly of the Los Angeles Times said that Untied.com was "One of the most visible efforts to chastise a travel company in cyberspace". In 1998 Jeremy Cooperstock, the website founder, said that Untied.com was "a Web site that offers frustrated former United Airlines passengers a chance to speak out."

United Airlines
United Airlines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It operates an extensive domestic and international route network across the United States and to destinations on six continents. Regional service is provided by independent carriers operating under the United Express brand, and the Star Alliance, of which United was one of the five founding airlines, extends its network throughout the world.

The principal figure behind the formation of the airline was William E. Boeing, founder of the Boeing Aircraft Company in 1916. He launched an air service between Victoria, British Columbia, and Seattle and later acquired three additional airlines, completing the merger by 1931 to form United Air Lines. Through successive mergers and acquisitions, United has remained one of the largest airlines in the world for much of its history.
Overthrow of the Qarmatians
The Overthrow of the Qarmatians was an armed uprising by the Seljuk and Abbasid supported Uyunids against the ruling Qarmatian state in Eastern Arabia. A local chief known as Abdullah bin Ali Al Uyuni aligned himself with the Abbasids and the Seljuk Empire, and started an uprising with their support. Due to support from more powerful foreign powers, the Uyunids successfully revolted and liberated Eastern Arabia, which significantly shifted the power dynamic in the region. Abdullah bin Ali Al Uyuni managed to establish the Uyunid Emirate, which pledged allegiance to the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad.

Abdullah bin Ali Al Uyuni
Abdullah bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad Al-Marri Al-Abdi Al Uyuni (Arabic: الشَّيْخُ الْأَمِيرُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُرِّيُّ الْعَبْدِيُّ الرَّبِعِيُّ الْعُيُونِيُّ) was the founder and Emir of the Uyunid Emirate ruling from 1074 to 1107.  He succeeded in removing the Qarmatians from Eastern Arabia.
Texas State Highway Loop 279
Loop 279, formerly Business U.S. Highway 66, is a state highway in Amarillo, Texas, United States. It runs from Amarillo Boulevard (Interstate 40 Business) and Bell Street east along 9th Avenue, Bushland Boulevard and 6th Avenue to end at Fillmore Street (northbound U.S. Route 87).

U.S. Route 87 in Texas
In the U.S. state of Texas, U.S. Highway 87 (US 87) is a north–south U.S. Highway that begins near the Gulf Coast in Port Lavaca, Texas and heads north through San Antonio, Lubbock, Amarillo, and Dalhart to the New Mexico state line near Texline.
Al-Mourada SC
Al-Mourada Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الموردة الرياضي) is a Sudanese professional football club based in Al-Mourada, a suburb of Omdurman. Along with Al-Hilal and Al-Merrikh, they formed the triplet of Sudanese football, but they couldn't continue that legacy. They were one of the strongest teams in Sudan during their strong reign in the top division of the Sudanese football before being relegated to the 2nd division league due to some financial difficulties. Al-Mourada along with Hilal Alsahil are the only two teams who had broken the domination of the Sudanese football by Al-Hilal Omdurman and Al Merrikh SC as the league title was always won by either one of the rivals. Al-Mourada have been crowned as the champions of the Sudanese 1st division which was the top tier of the Sudanese football at that time in the year 1968. Their home stadium is Al-Mourada Stadium located in the Mourada district in Omdurman which is being renovated to coup with the international standards .

Al Merrikh SC
Al-Merrikh Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي المريخ الرياضي) is a Sudanese professional football club based in the city of Omdurman. Their home stadium is Al-Merrikh Stadium, which is locally known as The Red Castle. Founded in 1908, Al-Merrikh is one of the oldest football clubs in Africa and competes in the Sudan Premier League. The club currently competes in the Rwanda Premier League, the top-flight of football in Rwanda, due to the ongoing Sudanese civil war.