hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Byzantine Italy
Byzantine Italy consisted of various parts of the Italian peninsula that were under the control of the Byzantine Empire after the Gothic War (535–554) and down to the end of the 11th century. There was a brief attempt at Byzantine reconquest in the middle of the 12th century.

Chronologically, it refers to:

Praetorian prefecture of Italy (540/554–584)

Exarchate of Ravenna (584–751)

Theme of Longobardia (c. 891 – c. 965)

Catepanate of Italy (965–1071)

Several states avoided conquest by the Lombards or Franks and maintained nominal Byzantine allegiance even after the Byzantine presence in Italy came to an end:

Byzantine Venetia (later: Republic of Venice)

Duchy of Naples

Duchy of Gaeta

Duchy of Amalfi

Duchy of Sorrento

Likewise, the islands of Sardinia and Sicily maintained Byzantine allegiance in this period:

Theme of Sicily (687–902)

Byzantine Sardinia

Maritime Venice
Byzantine Venetia (Greek: Bενετικὰ, romanized: Venetikà), also known as the Byzantine Maritime Venetia (Latin: Venetia maritima), or Maritime Venice (Italian: Venezia marittima), was a territory of the Byzantine Empire, within the Exarchate of Ravenna, that existed from the middle of the 6th century, up to the second half of the 7th century. Its territory was corresponding to the coastal belt of ancient Venetia and Istria, encompassing coastal regions of present-day Veneto, and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, including the Venetian Lagoon. Its territory did not include hinterland of the old Venetian province, which was conquered by the Lombards. Within Byzantine domains in Italy, Maritime Venetia had a peripheral position, characterized by a patchwork of settlements without major urban centers, besides Oderzo (Latin: Opitergium), the capital city of the province.
Ry, Denmark
Ry (Danish: [ˈʁyˀ]) is a town with a population of 7,536 (1 January 2025) in central Denmark, located in Skanderborg municipality in Jutland. The town sprouted up around a railway station 5 km east of the older town of Rye which is now much smaller than Ry.

Ry railway station
Ry station is a railway station serving the railway town of Ry in the Søhøjlandet (English: the Lake-highland) area of Central Jutland, Denmark. The station is situated in the centre of the town, and c. 5 km (3.1 mi) east of the original town of Rye which is now much smaller than the railway town.

The station is located on the Skanderborg–Skjern railway line from Skanderborg to Skjern. The station opened on 2 May 1871 with the Skanderborg-Silkeborg section of the Skanderborg-Skjern railway. The train services are currently operated by GoCollective which run frequent regional train services between Aarhus and Herning.
Ftn (TV channel)
Ftn (Flextech Television Network) was a digital television channel broadcast in the United Kingdom, which was owned by Virgin Media Television (formerly known as Flextech). The channel broadcast entertainment programs, commonly sourced from its pay sister channels Living, Bravo, and Challenge, giving Freeview viewers a glimpse of what the pay networks had to offer. The channel broadcast from 6 pm to 6 am every day, timesharing with UK Bright Ideas.

Living TV Group
Living TV Group was a British television consortium originally called Flextech from 1988 before becoming a subsidiary of Virgin Media and renamed to Virgin Media Television. It was bought by BSkyB in 2010 and renamed Living TV Group, after which it was integrated into Sky and closed down. Challenge is the only remaining TV channel of the group that is still broadcasting.

Living TV Group and its predecessors had several owned channels (such as Bravo, Challenge, Living, Trouble and Virgin1), available in the United Kingdom on terrestrial, satellite and cable television platforms and in Ireland on satellite and cable television. Living TV Group's advertising was handled by former sister company Interactive Digital Sales (IDS) until 1 January 2011, when Sky Media took over.
Lake Rondaxe
Lake Rondaxe is a lake located northeast of Carter Station, New York. Fish species present in the lake are Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, smallmouth bass, brook trout, yellow perch, and black bullhead. There is no public access.

Webb, New York
Webb (sometimes referred to as Webb Town) is the northernmost town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 Census it had a population of 1,797.

It is named after William Seward Webb, president of the Raquette Lake Transportation Company, the Fulton Chain Railway Company, Fulton Navigation Company, and the Mohawk and Malone Railway. The railroads in Webb were instrumental in opening the Adirondacks to the tourism rush of the mid-to-late 19th century. The Adirondack Railroad resumed tourist passenger service through the town in 2022.
Marooned (1969 film)
Marooned is a 1969 American science fiction film directed by John Sturges and starring Gregory Peck, Richard Crenna, David Janssen, James Franciscus, and Gene Hackman about three astronauts who are trapped and slowly suffocating in space. It was based on the 1964 novel Marooned by Martin Caidin. While the original novel was based on the single-pilot Project Mercury, the film depicted an Apollo command and service module with three astronauts and a space station resembling Skylab. Caidin acted as technical adviser and updated the novel, incorporating appropriate material from the original version.

The film was released less than four months after the Apollo 11 Moon landing, attracting enormous public attention. It won an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for Robbie Robertson.

Martin Caidin
Martin Caidin (September 14, 1927 – March 24, 1997) was an American author, screenwriter, and an authority on aeronautics and aviation.

Caidin began writing fiction in 1957. In his career he authored more than 50 fiction and nonfiction books as well as more than 1,000 magazine articles. His best-known novel is Cyborg, which was the basis for The Six Million Dollar Man franchise. He also wrote numerous works of military history, especially concerning aviation.

Caidin was also an airplane pilot. He bought and restored a 1936 Junkers Ju 52 airplane.
Salli Richardson-Whitfield
Salli Elise Richardson-Whitfield (born Salli Elise Richardson, November 23, 1967) is an American actress and television director. Richardson is known for her role as Angela in the film A Low Down Dirty Shame (1994) and for her role as Dr. Allison Blake on the Syfy comedy-drama series Eureka (2006–2012).

She is also known for her voice acting as Elisa Maza on the Disney animated series Gargoyles (1994–1996), and as Viveca Foster on the CBS series Family Law (1999–2002). Richardson also has appeared in a number of other films such as The Great White Hype (1996), Antwone Fisher (2002), Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid (2004) and I Am Legend (2007). She had leading roles in the independent films Pastor Brown (2009), Black Dynamite (2009) and I Will Follow (2010). In the 2010s, Richardson started working as a television director.

Dondré Whitfield
Dondré Terrell Whitfield (born May 27, 1969) is an American actor. He began his career appearing in a recurring role as Robert Foreman on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show (1985–87), before playing Terrence Frye in the ABC Daytime soap opera, All My Children (1991–94). He received three Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series nominations for his performance on All My Children.

Whitfield had starring role in a number of short-lived sitcoms, include The Crew (1995–96), Between Brothers (1997–99), and Hidden Hills (2002–03). He also has appeared in a number of films, such as Two Can Play That Game (2001), The Salon (2004), Pastor Brown (2009), and Middle of Nowhere (2012). In 2015, Whitfield joined the cast of BET reality comedy series Real Husbands of Hollywood, and in 2016 began starring in the Oprah Winfrey Network drama series, Queen Sugar.
Polly Shortts
Polly Shortts is a hill on the outskirts of Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Polly Shortts is reportedly named after Portland Bentinck Shortts. Shortts managed Shortts Retreat, a nearby farm, and whose help was often sought when after heavy rain, the road up the hill became muddy and impassable.

Polly Shortts is known for being located on the route of the famous 90 km ultramarathon, the Comrades Marathon. Pollys, as it is known among participants, is about 2 kilometers long, is particularly steep and comes about 7 – 8 km from the end of the race in odd-numbered years (when it goes from Durban to Pietermaritzburg). Few runners outside the top ten manage the ascent without stopping to walk. In even-numbered years (Pietermaritzburg to Durban), Pollys is near the start of the race, and the runners must descend it.

Comrades Marathon
The Comrades Marathon is an ultramarathon of approximately 88 kilometres (55 mi) which is run annually in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa between the cities of Durban and Pietermaritzburg. It is the world's largest and oldest ultramarathon race. The direction of the race alternates each year between the "up" run (87.6 km) starting from Durban (elevation: 101 metres (331 ft)) and the "down" run (89.98 km) starting from Pietermaritzburg (elevation: 921 metres (3,022 ft)).

In all but three editions since 1988, over 10,000 runners have reached the finish within the allowed 11 or 12 hours. Since the 1980s, increased participation has coincided with substantial rises in both average finish times and the average age of finishers.
Livestock Exchange Building (Omaha, Nebraska)
The Livestock Exchange Building in Omaha, Nebraska, was built in 1926 at 4920 South 30 Street in South Omaha. It was designed as the centerpiece of the Union Stockyards by architect George Prinz and built by Peter Kiewit and Sons in the Romanesque Revival and Northern Italian Renaissance Revival styles. In 1999 it was designated an Omaha Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Union Stockyards were closed in 1999, and the Livestock Exchange Building underwent an extensive renovation over the next several years.

Kiewit Corporation
Kiewit Corporation is an American construction company based in Omaha, Nebraska, and founded in 1884. In 2021, it was ranked 247th on the Fortune 500 list in 2025. Privately held, it is one of the largest construction and engineering organizations in North America. It is an employee-owned company.
Lamport Stadium
Allan A. Lamport Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium on King Street West in the Liberty Village neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the practice facility for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. It is also a part-time home for the Canada national rugby league team. The playing surface of the 9,600 seating capacity stadium is also dually marked for soccer and field hockey. The stadium was named for long-time Toronto politician Allan Lamport, who was associated with sporting activities in the city.

Liberty Village
Liberty Village is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  It is bordered to the north by King Street West, to the west by Dufferin Street, to the south by the Gardiner Expressway, to the east by Strachan Avenue, and to the northeast by railway tracks.
Ray Porter
Ray Porter is an American actor and audiobook narrator known for his work on Dennis E. Taylor’s Bobiverse and Jack Carr’s The Terminal List. He is also known for portraying the DC Comics villain Darkseid in Zack Snyder's Justice League and some voice acting work for The Scarecrow, The Path of Atticus: Gods and Monsters and The Little Engine That Could.

The Little Engine That Could (2011 film)
The Little Engine That Could is a 2011 American direct-to-video animated adventure film based on the 1930 story by Watty Piper (specifically based on the 2005 illustrations by Loren Long). The film stars the voices of Alyson Stoner, Whoopi Goldberg, Corbin Bleu, Jodi Benson, Patrick Warburton and Jamie Lee Curtis.
Micky Erbe
Micky Erbe (June 1, 1946 – April 11, 2021) was a Canadian film and television composer, who was a partner with his wife Maribeth Solomon in the music studio Mickymar Productions.

Erbe and Solomon received three Genie Award nominations for Best Original Score as a duo, with nods at the 3rd Genie Awards in 1982 for Ticket to Heaven, the 4th Genie Awards in 1983 for Threshold, and the 10th Genie Awards in 1989 for Milk and Honey.

They were four-time Gemini Award winners for their work in television, winning at the 3rd Gemini Awards in 1988 for Adderly, the 4th Gemini Awards in 1989 for The Struggle for Democracy, the 7th Gemini Awards in 1993 for Street Legal, and the 13th Gemini Awards in 1998 for Earth: Final Conflict. They were also nominated at the 9th Gemini Awards in 1995 for E.N.G., at the 10th Gemini Awards in 1996 for the Street Legal finale film Last Rights, and at the 15th Gemini Awards in 2000 for Earth: Final Conflict.

9th Gemini Awards
The Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television's 9th Gemini Awards were held on March 5, 1995 to honour achievements in Canadian television. The awards show, which was hosted by Paul Gross and Tina Keeper, took place at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre and was broadcast on CBC Television.
Guido De Padt
Guido De Padt (born 23 May 1954) is a Belgian politician and Senator for the Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats. Since December 2011, he also is the mayor of Geraardsbergen, an office he also held from 2001 until 2006.

He started his national career as member of the Chamber of Representatives. From December 2008 to July 2009, he was Minister of the Interior in the Van Rompuy I Government. In the Leterme II Government, he was appointed government commissioner for the internal audit of the federal government. In 2011, he replaced the socialist Freddy De Chou as mayor of Geraardsbergen. He got national media attention as strong defender to keep the Muur van Geraardsbergen in the Tour of Flanders. His party won the 2012 local elections in Geraardsbergen with 36% of the votes, while he got 25.8% of the preference votes. In contrast with other liberal leaders in Flanders, his popularity had grown.

Geraardsbergen
Geraardsbergen (Dutch: [ˈɣeːraːrtsˌbɛrɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Grammont [ɡʁamɔ̃]) is a city and municipality located in the Denderstreek and in the Flemish Ardennes, the hilly southern part of the Belgian province of East Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Geraardsbergen proper and the following towns:

Goeferdinge, Grimminge, Idegem, Moerbeke, Nederboelare, Nieuwenhove, Onkerzele, Ophasselt, Overboelare, Schendelbeke, Smeerebbe-Vloerzegem, Viane, Waarbeke, Zandbergen and Zarlardinge.

In 2021, Geraardsbergen had a total population of 33,970. The total area is 79.71 km2.

The current mayor of Geraardsbergen is Ann Panis, from the (liberal) party Open VLD.
Jane Edna Hunter
Jane Edna Hunter (December 13, 1882 – January 13, 1971), an African-American social worker, Hunter was born on the Woodburn Farm plantation near Pendleton, South Carolina. She was involved in the NAACP and NAACW. Jane Edna Hunter is widely Known for her work in 1911 when she established the Working Girls Association in Cleveland, Ohio, which later became the Phillis Wheatley Association of Cleveland.

Pendleton, South Carolina
Pendleton is a town in Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 3,489 at the 2020 census. It is a sister city of Stornoway in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. The town is located southeast of Clemson, SC, which is home to Clemson University.

The Pendleton Historic District, consisting of the town and its immediate surroundings, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Particularly notable historic buildings on the Pendleton town square include Farmer's Hall and Hunter's Store, which is currently the headquarters of the Pendleton District Historical, Recreational and Tourism Commission. Near Pendleton are the historic plantation homes Ashtabula and Woodburn.
Ponvannan
Ponvannan (born Shanmugam; 23 September 1964) is an Indian actor and director who has worked in Tamil cinema and television. After beginning his career as an artist (painter), Ponvannan apprenticed as a director and writer under Bharathiraja. He subsequently made his directorial debut with Annai Vayal (1992), before making the critically acclaimed venture, Nadhi Karaiyinile (2003). He has since appeared as a supporting actor in films, winning acclaim for his role in films including Paruthiveeran (2007), Ayan (2009) and Kaaviya Thalaivan (2014). In October 2015, he was elected as the Vice President of the Nadigar Sangam alongside Karunas.

Annai Vayal
Annai Vayal is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Ponvannan in his directorial debut. The film stars Vignesh, Raj Murali, Vinodhini and Rayalsri. It was released on 25 September 1992 and failed at the box office.
Bill Bertani
William Joseph Bertani (September 8, 1919 –  December 12, 1988 in Fulton, Missouri) was an American soccer player who was a member of the 1948 U.S. Olympic soccer team.  He also earned two caps with the U.S. national team that year.

Fulton, Missouri
Fulton is the largest city in and the county seat of Callaway County, Missouri, United States. Located about 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Jefferson City and the Missouri River and 20 miles (32 km) east of Columbia, the city is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 12,600 at the 2020 census. The city is home to two universities, Westminster College and William Woods University; the Missouri School for the Deaf; the Fulton State Hospital; and the Fulton Reception and Diagnostic Center state prison. Missouri's only nuclear power plant, the Callaway Plant is located 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Fulton.
Nesiotites
Nesiotites is an extinct genus of large red-toothed shrews belonging to the tribe Nectogalini that inhabited the Balearic Islands from the latest Miocene/Early Pliocene (from around 5.3 million years ago) up until the arrival of humans on the islands during the late Holocene (around 2500-2300 BC). It was present on Mallorca and Menorca. It represented one of only 3 native land mammals to the islands at the time of human arrival, alongside the dwarf goat-antelope Myotragus and the giant dormouse Hypnomys. The genus is closely related to the also recently extinct Corsican-Sardinian shrews belonging to the genus Asoriculus, with their closest living relatives being the Himalayan shrews of the genus Soriculus.

Nectogalini
Nectogalini is a tribe of Old World shrews within the family Soricidae.  As of late 2007, it consisted of six extant genera and 25 species, with some of the latter being further divided into subspecies. Some, but not all members of the tribe are semiaquatic.
Nankyoku Tairiku
Nankyoku Tairiku (南極大陸) is a 2011 Japanese television drama series that premiered on TBS on October 16, 2011. It is a remake of the 1983 film Antarctica. The show was released on Netflix as Antarctica in 2024.

Antarctica (1983 film)
Antarctica (南極物語, Nankyoku Monogatari; lit. "South Pole Story") is a 1983 Japanese drama film directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara and starring Ken Takakura. Its plot centers on the 1958 ill-fated Japanese scientific expedition to the South Pole, its dramatic rescue from the severe weather conditions on the return journey, the relationship between the scientists and their loyal and hard-working Sakhalin huskies, particularly the lead dogs Taro and Jiro, and the fates of the 15 dogs left behind to fend for themselves.

The film was a big cinema hit globally, but particularly in Japan, where it held the box office record for Japanese-produced films, until it was eventually surpassed by Hayao Miyazaki's Princess Mononoke in 1997.

The original electronic synthesizer score was created by Greek composer Vangelis, who had recently written music for Chariots of Fire and Blade Runner. The soundtrack is available worldwide in various formats as Antarctica.
Gabriele Taylor
E. Gabriele Taylor (born 11 October 1927) is a British philosopher and university teacher. She was fellow and tutor in philosophy at St Anne's College, Oxford, until her retirement in 1996. She notably taught the philosophers Roger Crisp and Constantine Sandis, and the politicians Edwina Currie and Danny Alexander. Since then she has continued work as a senior research fellow of the college, pursuing her own particular interests in ethics.

St Anne's College, Oxford
St Anne's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It was founded in 1879 and gained full college status in 1959. Originally a women's college, it has admitted men since 1979. It has some 450 undergraduate and 200 graduate students and retains an original aim of allowing women of any financial background to study at Oxford. It still has a student base with a higher than average proportion of female students. The college stands between Woodstock and Banbury roads, next to the University Parks.

In April 2017, Helen King, a retired Metropolitan Police Assistant Commissioner, took over as Principal from Tim Gardam. Former members include Danny Alexander, Edwina Currie, Ruth Deech, Helen Fielding, William MacAskill, Amanda Pritchard, Simon Rattle, Tina Brown, Mr Hudson and Victor Ubogu.
Kevin G. McAllister
Kevin G. McAllister is an American businessman, serving as a senior operating officer of AE Industrial Partners LLC since June 2020.  He previously served as president and CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes (2016–2019) and president and CEO of GE Aviation (2014–2016).

Boeing Commercial Airplanes
Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA) is a division of the Boeing Company and designs, assembles, markets, and sells commercial aircraft, including the 737, 767, 777, and 787, along with freighter and business jet variants of most. The division employs nearly 35,000 people, many working at the company's division headquarters in Renton, Washington, or at more than a dozen engineering, manufacturing, and assembly facilities, notably the Everett Factory and Renton Factory (both outside of Seattle), and the South Carolina Factory.

It includes the assets of the Douglas Aircraft division of the former McDonnell Douglas Corporation, which merged with Boeing in 1997. As of the end of 2021, BCA employed about 35,926 people.
Davey Hamilton
David Jay Hamilton (born June 13, 1962, in Nampa, Idaho) is a race car driver who competed in the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series and Stadium Super Trucks. He has made 56 series starts and while never winning a race, finished second three times. He placed second in series points in the 1996–1997 season and again in 1998 season.

Hamilton had been proficient in supermodified racing, as a frequent winner in various supermodified races, usually held in the northern areas of the United States.

1998 Indy Racing League
The 1998 Pep Boys Indy Racing League was one of relative stability compared to the previous two seasons. For the first time the season consisted of a single and complete spring, summer, and fall like all other motorsports. 15 drivers completed the entire 11 race schedule, twice as many as the previous season. It was also the first complete season for the new Riley & Scott chassis, though it proved unpopular due to its late introduction. A. J. Foyt Enterprises drivers captured 4 wins, the Indy 500 pole, and the championship, arguably the most successful year in the team's history.