hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ditton, Kent
Ditton is a large village and civil parish in the borough of Tonbridge and Malling in Kent, England. The village is 4.6 miles (7.4 km) west-northwest of Maidstone and 1.8 miles (2.9 km) east of West Malling. The parish, which is long and narrow, straddles the A20 (the old Dover to London road), with farmland to the south and industry to the north. It lies in the Medway Valley, on the northern edge of the Kent Weald, and adjoins the ancient parishes of Larkfield, Aylesford and Barming. In 2011 it had a population of 4,786.

Aylesford
Aylesford is a village and civil parish on the River Medway in Kent, England, 4 miles (6 km) northwest of Maidstone.

Originally a small riverside settlement, the old village comprises around 60 houses, many of which were formerly shops. Two pubs, a village shop and other amenities are located on the high street. Aylesford's current population is around 5,000.

The Parish of Aylesford covers more than seven square miles (18 km2), stretching north to Rochester Airport estate and south to Barming, and has a total population of over 10,000 (as of 2011), with the main settlements at Aylesford, Eccles, Blue Bell Hill and (part of) Walderslade.

Aylesford Newsprint was a major employer in the area and the largest paper recycling factory in Europe, manufacturing newsprint. It closed in 2015.
Searches incident to a lawful arrest
Search incident to a lawful arrest, commonly known as search incident to arrest (SITA) or the Chimel rule (from Chimel v. California), is an American legal principle that allows police to perform a warrantless search of an arrested person and the area within the arrestee’s immediate control in the interest of officer safety, the prevention of escape or the preservation of evidence.

Such searches are exceptions to the usual practice of obtaining a search warrant pursuant to the Fourth Amendment.

Search warrant
A search warrant is a court order that a magistrate or judge issues to authorize law enforcement officers to conduct a search of a person, location, or vehicle for evidence of a crime and to confiscate any evidence they find.  In most countries, a search warrant cannot be issued in aid of civil process.

Jurisdictions that respect the rule of law and a right to privacy constrain police powers, and typically require search warrants or an equivalent procedure for searches police conducted in the course of a criminal investigation. The laws usually make an exception for hot pursuit: a police officer following a criminal who has fled the scene of a crime has the right to enter a property where the criminal has sought shelter. The necessity for a search warrant and its abilities vary from country to country. In certain authoritarian nations, police officers may be allowed to search individuals and property without having to obtain permission or provide justification for their actions.
Calumet, Pennsylvania
Calumet is a census-designated place in Mount Pleasant Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States.  Although the United States Census Bureau included it as a census-designated place with the nearby community of Norvelt for the 2000 census, they are in reality two very different communities, each reflecting a different chapter in how the Great Depression affected rural Pennsylvanians.   As of the 2010 census, Calumet-Norvelt was divided into two separate CDPs officially.  Calumet was a typical "patch town," another name for a coal town, built by a single company to house coal miners as cheaply as possible. The closing of the Calumet mine during the Great Depression caused enormous hardship in an era when unemployment compensation and welfare payments were nonexistent. On the other hand, Norvelt was created during the depression by the US federal government as a model community, intended to increase the standard of living of laid-off coal miners.

Mount Pleasant Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Mount Pleasant Township is a township in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 10,119. Mount Pleasant Township should not be confused with the Borough of Mount Pleasant, which is a separate municipality and comprises the town of that name.
Hisham bin Mohammed
Moulay Hisham ben Mohammed (Arabic: هشام بن محمد), born in 1748 and died in July 1798 in Marrakesh, was Sultan of Morocco from 1792 to 1797. He was proclaimed sultan during the reign of his half-brother Yazid of Morocco, and ended up abandoning the throne when his followers proclaimed Sulayman bin Mohammed their legitimate ruler.

Yazid of Morocco
Mawlay al-Yazid bin Mohammed (Arabic: الْيَزِيدُ بْن مُحَمَّدٍ), born on 6 May 1750 in Fes and died on 23 February 1792 near Zagora, was a Sultan of Morocco from 1790 to 1792, a ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was proclaimed sultan after the death of his father Mohammed bin Abdallah.
Jennie Fields
Jennie Fields (born July 25, 1953) is an American novelist. Her fourth novel, The Age of Desire, is based on the life of American writer Edith Wharton and her fifth novel, cold war thriller Atomic Love, is an international best seller and Book of the Month Club selection.

Edith Wharton
Edith Newbold Wharton (/ˈhwɔːrtən/; née Jones; January 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was an American writer and designer. Wharton drew upon her insider's knowledge of upper-class New York society to portray, realistically, the lives and morals of the Gilded Age. In 1921, she became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her novel The Age of Innocence. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1996. Her other well-known works are The House of Mirth, the novella Ethan Frome, and several notable ghost stories.
Willow Brook Connector
The Willow Brook Connector is a 1.45-mile (2.33 km) freeway in the town of Berlin, Connecticut. The road is designated but not signed as State Road 571. It gets its name from Willow Brook Park, which begins on the north side of the roadway as one heads into the city of New Britain, or to New Britain Stadium for a baseball game.

Berlin, Connecticut
Berlin (/ˈbɜːrlɪn/ BUR-lin) is a town in the Capitol Planning Region, Connecticut, United States. The population was 20,175 at the 2020 census. It was incorporated in 1785.  The geographic center of Connecticut is located in the town.  Berlin is residential and industrial, and is served by the Amtrak station of the same name. Berlin also has two hamlets: Kensington and East Berlin. It has major manufacturers such as Plastic Molding Manufacturing, PYC manufacturing, and Budney Industries. Berlin has 1 high school 1 middle school and 3 elementary schools.
Rao Farman Ali
Rao Farman Ali Khan SQA SK (Urdu: راؤ فرمان علی ; 1 January 1923 – 20 January 2004) was a Pakistani military officer who is widely considered complicit in the Rayer Bazar killings during the Bangladesh Liberation War.

Farman oversaw the deployment of local militias (razakars) during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. He testified his responsibilities in the Hamoodur Rahman Commission in 1972 but denied allegations of genocide committed in Bangladesh in spite of the Hamoodur Rahman Commission which proved the involvement of misconducts and genocide of Pakistani military personnel.

Upon retirement, he joined the Fauji Foundation and later headed the Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited in 1978. From 1985–88, he served as petroleum minister and National Security Advisor in President Zia-ul-Haq's administration, and went into hiding after Zia's death.

Farman authored a book titled How Pakistan Got Divided.

Razakars (Pakistan)
The Razakars (Urdu: رضا کار Bengali: রাজাকার, lit. 'Volunteer') were a gendarmerie and paramilitary force in East Pakistan organised by General Tikka Khan in 1971. They were organised as a counter-insurgency force to fight Mukti Bahini members in the Bangladesh War of Independence, and played an infamous role in the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. The Razakars were disbanded following Pakistan's defeat and surrender in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War.
Sharifa Akeel
Sharifa Mangatong Areef Mohammad Omar Akeel or Sharifa Akeel (born July 24, 1997) is a Filipino model who was crowned Miss Asia Pacific International 2018. Previously, she was crowned Mutya ng Pilipinas 2018.

In the 2022 and 2025 elections, she ran for governor of Sultan Kudarat, losing both times to Pax Ali Mangudadatu.

Pax Ali Mangudadatu
Pax Ali Sangki Mangudadatu (born October 12, 1997) is a Filipino politician who is the governor of Sultan Kudarat from 2022. He assumed office aged only 24, having served as mayor of Datu Abdullah Sangki from 2019—when he was 21—to 2022.
These Kids Wear Crowns
These Kids Wear Crowns is a Canadian power pop and pop-rock band, formed in 2009 in Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada. They were "discovered" on MuchMusic's disBand and signed to a contract with Capitol Records/EMI. They have performed with acts such as Hedley, Faber Drive, Forever the Sickest Kids, Good Charlotte, and Lights. The band's debut single and music video "Break It Up" debuted at No. 60 on the Canadian Hot 100. They re-issued their EP on August 31, 2010.

In the fall of 2010, These Kids Wear Crowns returned to the studio to record their full-length album, entitled Jumpstart, which was released on March 1, 2011.  One of the singles released was a cover of the Whitney Houston song "I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)" featuring Mexican actress and singer, Eiza González.

Hedley (band)
Hedley was a Canadian pop rock formed in Abbotsford, British Columbia in 2003. They were named after the unincorporated community of Hedley, British Columbia, a name chosen after members heard that it was for sale for $346,000. After lead singer Jacob Hoggard placed third on the second season of Canadian Idol in 2004, the group signed with Universal Music Canada and released their self-titled debut studio album the following year. Hedley had commercial success with their subsequent studio albums, including Famous Last Words (2007), The Show Must Go (2009), Storms (2011), Wild Life (2013),  Hello (2015), and Cageless (2017).

Following the release of Cageless and its accompanying tour, members of Hedley faced accusations of sexual misconduct with young women over the course of their career. After Hoggard faced additional accusations of sexual assault by two women, the group confirmed they would enter an indefinite hiatus.
Dana A. Simmons
Dana A. Simmons is a retired United States Air Force Brigadier General (Special Agent) who served as the 15th Commander of the United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI), which is the investigative agency of the United States Air Force. He took command of AFOSI in June 2005. Prior to that, he was the Vice Commander of AFOSI from March 2004 to June 2005. In March 2010, he ceded command to BG Kevin J. Jacobsen.

Air Force Office of Special Investigations
The Air Force Office of Special Investigations (OSI or AFOSI) is a U.S. federal law enforcement agency that reports directly to the Secretary of the Air Force. OSI is also a U.S. Air Force field operating agency under the administrative guidance and oversight of the Inspector General of the Department of the Air Force. By federal statute, OSI provides independent criminal investigative, counterintelligence and protective service operations worldwide and outside of the traditional military chain of command. Proactively, OSI identifies, investigates, and neutralizes serious criminal, terrorist, and espionage threats to personnel and resources of the Air Force, Space Force, and the U.S. Department of Defense, with a goal of protecting the national security of the United States.
Diisopropylamine dichloroacetate
Diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (commonly abbreviated DADA) is the diisopropylamine salt of dichloroacetic acid. It has been marketed in Japan under the trade name Liverall for the treatment of chronic liver conditions, including fatty liver and hepatitis. In laboratory studies, DADA has demonstrated activity as a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibitor. In a 2014 animal model of severe influenza, oral administration of DADA restored pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, improved ATP production, and significantly increased survival. The compound has also been cited in equine sports medicine due to its metabolism to diisopropylamine, a known vasodilator prohibited in race horses.

Diisopropylamine
Diisopropylamine is a secondary amine with the chemical formula (Me2CH)2NH (Me = methyl). Diisopropylamine is a colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Its lithium derivative, lithium diisopropylamide, known as LDA is a widely used reagent.
Wo (kana)
Wo (hiragana: を, katakana: ヲ) is one of the Japanese kana, each of which represents one mora. Historically, both are phonemically /wo/, reflected in the Nihon-shiki wo, although the contemporary pronunciation is [o] ⓘ, reflected in the Hepburn romanization and Kunrei-shiki romanization o. Thus it is pronounced identically to the kana o. Despite this phonemic merger, the kana wo is sometimes regarded as a distinct phoneme from /o/, represented as /wo/, to account for historical pronunciation and for orthographic purposes.

O (kana)
O (hiragana: お, katakana: オ) is one of the Japanese kana, each of which represents one mora. In the modern Japanese system of alphabetical order, they occupy the fifth place in the modern Gojūon (五十音) system of collating kana. In the Iroha, they occupy the 27th, between の and く. In the table at right (ordered by columns, from right to left), お lies in the first column (あ行, "column A") and the fifth row (お段, "row O"). Both represent [o].
Kourbania
Kourbania (Greek: το κουρμπάνι, pl. -ια from Turkish: kurban and ultimately from Arabic: قربان, romanized: qurbān, sacrificial rite analogous to Jewish qorban) is a Christianized animal sacrifice in parts of Greece. It usually involves the slaughter of lambs as "kourbania" offerings to saints.

In antiquity the sacrifice was offered for health or following an accident or illness, as a votive offering promised to the Lord by the community, or by the relatives of the victim. Writing in 1979, Stella Georgoudi stated that the custom survived in "some villages of modern Greece" and was "slowly deteriorating and dying out".

A similar custom from North Macedonia and Bulgaria known as kurban  is celebrated on St. George's day.

Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)
Qurbān (Arabic: قربان) or uḍḥiyah (Arabic: أضحية, romanized: sacrificial animal) as referred to in Islamic law, is a ritual animal sacrifice of a livestock animal during Eid al-Adha.

The concept and definition of the word is derived from the Qur'an, the sacred scripture of Muslims, and is the analog of korban in Judaism. The word and concept are similar as in other Abrahamic religions; in the Jewish faith there are several forms of "korban" e.g. korban shelamim ("peace offering"), or korban olah ("elevated offering", also translated as "burnt offering"). The meat of the Islamic qurban is distributed equally between the poor, the donor of the qurban, and the family of the donor.

A commonly used word which may encompass qurban is uḍḥiyah (أضحية). In Islamic Law, udhiyah would refer to the sacrifice of a specific animal, offered by a specific person, on specific days to seek God's pleasure and reward.
Akanye
Akanye (Russian: аканье [ˈakənʲjɪ]) or akanje (Belarusian: аканне [ˈakanʲːe]; lit. 'a-ing') is a sound change in Slavic languages in which the phonemes /o/ or /e/ are realized as more or less close to [a]. It is a case of vowel reduction.

The most familiar example is probably Russian akanye (pronounced but not systematically represented orthographically in the standard language). Akanye also occurs in:

Standard Belarusian (represented orthographically)

Northern (Polissian and Slobozhan) Ukrainian dialects

Slovene dialects (e.g., Lower Carniolan dialects),

Some subgroups of the Kajkavian dialect of Croatian

Bulgarian dialects (e.g., the Rhodope dialects, including the Smolyan dialect).

Polish dialects (Podlasie, Kresy)

Vowel reduction in Russian
In the pronunciation of the Russian language, several ways of vowel reduction (and its absence) are distinguished between the standard language and dialects. Russian orthography most often does not reflect vowel reduction, which can confuse foreign-language learners, but some spelling reforms have changed some words.

There are five vowel phonemes in Standard Russian. Vowels tend to merge when they are unstressed. The vowels /a/ and /o/ have the same unstressed allophones for a number of dialects and reduce to an unclear schwa /ə/. Unstressed /e/ may become more central and merge with /i/. Under some circumstances, /a/, /e/, /i/ and /o/ may all merge. The fifth vowel, /u/, may also be centralized but does not typically merge with any of the other vowels.

Other types of reduction are phonetic, such as that of the high vowels (/i/ and /u/), which become near-close. Thus, игра́ть ('to play') is pronounced [ɪˈɡratʲ]ⓘ , and узна́ть ('to recognize') is pronounced [ʊzˈnatʲ]ⓘ.
K-147 (Kansas highway)
K-147 is an approximately 26-mile-long (42 km) north–south state highway in west-central Kansas. It runs from K-4 east of Brownell to Ogallah, just north of the junction with Interstate 70 (I-70) and U.S. Route 40 (US-40). K-147 serves Cedar Bluff State Park via locally maintained CC Road. The highway south of I-70 and US-40 is part of the Smoky Valley Scenic Byway. The highway travels through a mix of flat farmlands and rolling hills covered with grasslands. K-147 is a two-lane highway its entire length.

K-147 was first established on August 1, 1956, from the Trego County line north to US-40; on June 12, 1957, it was extended south to K-4. Then by 1960, I-70 was complete from south of Collyer to southeast of Ogallah. At that time, US-40 was re-routed along I-70, and K-147 was extended east along old US-40 to its present northern terminus.

Interstate 70 in Kansas
Interstate 70 (I-70) is a mainline route of the Interstate Highway System in the United States connecting Cove Fort, Utah, to Baltimore, Maryland. In the US state of Kansas, I-70 extends just over 424 miles (682 km) from the Colorado border near the town of Kanorado to the Missouri border in Kansas City. I-70 in Kansas contains the first segment in the country to start being paved and to be completed in the Interstate Highway System. The route passes through several of the state's principal cities in the process, including Kansas City, Topeka, and Salina. The route also passes through the cities of Lawrence, Junction City, and Abilene.

The section of I-70 from Topeka to the Missouri border is co-designated as the Kansas Turnpike; only the section between Topeka and just west of Kansas City is tolled.
Langona mediocris
Langona mediocris is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Langona that lives in Zimbabwe. The male was first described by Wanda Wesołowska in 2000. The female has not been identified. The spider is large and brown-black with a carapace between 3 and 3.4 mm (0.12 and 0.13 in) long and a abdomen between 2.7 and 3.1 mm (0.11 and 0.12 in). The carapace has two converging white stripes while the abdomen has a single stripe. The legs are orange and the pedipalps yellow. As is typical for the genus, the chelicerae are toothless. The long, thin embolus is hidden within a pocket in the cymbium and has a spiralled tip. The male differs from the similar Langona bitumorata by the single bump on its palpal bulb.

Langona
Langona is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Langona species are similar to those of the genus Aelurillus. In 2015, it was listed in the subtribe Aelurillina. The subtribe is allocated to the tribe Aelurillini in the clade Saltafresia. In 2017, it was grouped with nine other genera of jumping spiders under the name Aelurillines.
Thomas Burgherr
Thomas Burgherr (German pronunciation: [ˈtoːmas ˈbʊrɡhɛr]; born 1 August 1962) is a Swiss businessman and politician who currently serves as a member of the National Council (Switzerland) for the Swiss People's Party since 2015. He has previously served as president of the Swiss People's Party of Aargau between 2012 and 2020 being succeeded by Andreas Glarner.

Andreas Glarner
Andreas Alfred "Andy" Glarner (/ˈɡlɑrnɚ/; GLAR-nur; born 9 October 1962) is a Swiss businessman and politician who currently serves on the National Council (Switzerland) for the Swiss People's Party since 2015. He has previously served on the Grand Council of Aargau from 2001 to 2015.
Alpine Bobsled
Alpine Bobsled (formerly known as Sarajevo Bobsled and Rolling Thunder) was a steel bobsled roller coaster at the Six Flags Great Escape and Hurricane Harbor amusement park in Queensbury, New York. Manufactured by Intamin, the coaster first opened to the public in 1984 at Six Flags Great Adventure. It was later relocated to Six Flags Great America in 1989, then to Six Flags Great Escape in 1998. Alpine Bobsled closed permanently on September 4, 2023, to make room for The Bobcat.

Bobcat (roller coaster)
Bobcat is a wooden roller coaster at Six Flags Great Escape and Hurricane Harbor in Queensbury, New York. Located in the Fest Area section, it was manufactured by The Gravity Group. The park announced plans for the coaster on August 30, 2023. Bobcat was the park's first roller coaster since 2005 and the first wooden roller coaster built in the state of New York since 1999. Construction on the wooden roller coaster started in December 2023. Bobcat opened on June 1, 2024.
Test of Adolescent and Adult Language
The Test of Adolescent and Adult Language: Third Edition (TOAL-3) is a standardized, norm-referenced assessment of receptive, written and expressive language. The TOAL-3 was published in 1994. The test is used to help identify individuals who may have a language disorder, and to help determine in what area(s) the dysfunction lies. Though the test is commonly administered by a Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP),  it can also be administered by anyone who has some training or practice administering language or psychology type tests, and has familiarized him/herself with the test and scoring procedures.

Language assessment
Language assessment or language testing is a field of study under the umbrella of applied linguistics.  Its main focus is the assessment of first, second or other language in the school, college, or university context; assessment of language use in the workplace; and assessment of language in the immigration, citizenship, and asylum contexts. The assessment may include listening, speaking, reading, writing, an integration of two or more of these skills, or other constructs of language ability. Equal weight may be placed on knowledge (understanding how the language works theoretically) and proficiency (ability to use the language practically), or greater weight may be given to one aspect or the other.
Boson II de Talleyrand-Périgord
Paul Louis Marie Archambault Boson de Talleyrand-Périgord (July 20, 1867 – May 9, 1952), 6th Duke of Talleyrand and Duke de Valençay, Prince, then Duke of Sagan, was a French nobleman and son of Boson de Talleyrand-Périgord.

Boson de Talleyrand-Périgord
Charles Guillaume Frédéric Boson de Talleyrand-Périgord (16 May 1832 – 21 February 1910), prince of Sagan (from 1845), duke of Sagan and duke of Talleyrand (from 1898) was a famous French dandy, and the grandson of Dorothea von Biron.
European digital driving licence
The European digital driving licence is a project for a standardised digital driving licence, stored on digital devices like smartphones and valid throughout the European Union and other participating countries.

Mobile driver's license
A mobile driving licence (also mobile driver licence or mDL) is a mobile app that replaces a physical driving licence. An International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for the mobile driving licence (ISO/IEC 18013-5) was approved on 18 August 2021 and published on 30 September 2021.