hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xiahou Ying
Xiahou Ying (夏侯嬰; died 172 BC), posthumously known as Marquis Wen of Ruyin, was a Chinese official who served under Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu), the founding emperor of the Han dynasty, and two of his successors. A friend of Liu Bang, he first joined Liu in the rebellions against the Qin dynasty from 209 to 206 BC, and later fought on Liu's side against his rival Xiang Yu during the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC). After the Han dynasty was established, he served as Minister Coachman (太僕). He is also referred to as "Lord Teng" (滕公), a title said to be derived from tengling fengche (滕令奉車), the position he held when he was serving as the carriage driver of the magistrate of Teng County.

Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan,  Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals.

To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity.
Ludwig Keke
Ludwig Dowong Keke (born Ludwig Dowong; born c. 1935) is a Nauruan politician, diplomat, and dentist. Keke was Nauru's first university graduate. He worked as a dentist in Australia before returning to Nauru to enter politics by 1967, first being elected to the Constitutional Convention, and then to the Legislative Assembly. He served in the parliament until 1972. After 1977, he served as a dental officer in Western Australia. He then served as a dental officer for the South Pacific Commission in 1981. He returned to Nauru and served three terms in the parliament between 1986 and 2000, serving as speaker of parliament in his final term. By 2004, he was a diplomat to Fiji, and in 2007 he became the first Nauruan ambassador to Taiwan. He served in that capacity until 2016.

1967 Nauruan Constitutional Convention election
Constitutional Convention elections were held in Nauru on 16 December 1967. The convention was established by the Nauru Legislative Council as a result of the Australian government passing the Nauru Independence Act 1967, which allowed for Nauru's independence and the end of its status as a United Nations trust territory administered by Australia.
Étienne Blanc
Étienne Blanc (French pronunciation: [etjɛn blɑ̃]; born 29 August 1954) is a French politician who has served as a Senator for Rhône since 2020. A member of The Republicans (LR), he also ran for Mayor of Lyon previously in 2020.

A lawyer by occupation, Blanc served as Mayor of Divonne-les-Bains (1991–2019) and represented the 3rd constituency of Ain in the National Assembly (2002–2016). He was also First Vice President of the Regional Council of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (2016–2020) under Laurent Wauquiez.

2020 French Senate election
Senatorial elections were held on 27 September 2020 to renew 172 of the 348 seats in the Senate of the French Fifth Republic. The elections were a modest victory for the centre-right Republicans. The environmentalist Europe Ecology – The Greens party entered the upper chamber, while Emmanuel Macron's centrist La République En Marche! party maintained their position, despite losses in the 2020 municipal elections earlier in the year. The far-right National Rally kept their one seat; the Corsican nationalists gained their first seat as well.
Moritz Heyer
Moritz Heyer (born 4 April 1995) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defender or midfielder for 2. Bundesliga club Fortuna Düsseldorf. He had previously played for Sportfreunde Lotte, Hallescher FC, VfL Osnabrück and Hamburger SV.

VfL Osnabrück
VfL Osnabrück is a German multi-sport club in Osnabrück, Lower Saxony. It currently fields teams in basketball, gymnastics, swimming, table tennis, and tennis but is by far best known for its football section.

The football team currently plays in the 3. Liga following their relegation from the 2023-24 2. Bundesliga season. They are currently coached by Timo Schultz and captained by Jannik Müller.

The club has the record for most seasons played in the 2. Bundesliga without ever playing in the Bundesliga, and is 10th in the 2. Bundesliga's all-time table.
Carvoeiro (Lagoa)
Carvoeiro is a town and a former civil parish in the municipality (concelho) of Lagoa, Algarve, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new civil parish Lagoa e Carvoeiro. The population in 2011 was 2,721, in an area of 11.66 km². It is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of Lagoa.

As a traditional fishing village, Carvoeiro has maintained its authenticity while adapting to the needs of the increasing number of tourists. Despite its popularity, the town remains relatively underserved by public transport, with the closest train station being Estombar-Lagoa.

There are two beaches at Carvoeiro, including Carvoeiro Beach (Praia de Carvoeiro) and Paradise Beach (Praia do Paraíso).

Estômbar-Lagoa railway station
Estômbar-Lagoa railway station (Portuguese: Estação Ferroviária de Estômbar-Lagoa) is a railway station on the Algarve line which serves Lagoa Municipality and is located in Estômbar, Portugal. It opened on 15 February 1903.
Tata Güines
Federico Arístides Soto Alejo (June 30, 1930 – February 4, 2008), better known as Tata Güines, was a Cuban percussionist, bandleader and arranger. He was widely regarded as a master of the conga drum, and alongside Carlos "Patato" Valdés, influential in the development of contemporary Afro-Cuban music, including Afro-Cuban jazz. He specialized in a form of improvisation known as descarga, a format in which he recorded numerous albums throughout the years with Cachao, Frank Emilio Flynn, Estrellas de Areito, Alfredo Rodríguez and Jane Bunnett, among others. In the 1990s he released two critically acclaimed albums as a leader: Pasaporte and Aniversario. His composition "Pa' gozar" has become a standard of the descarga genre.

Carlos "Patato" Valdes
Carlos Valdés Galán (November 4, 1926 – December 4, 2007), better known as Patato, was a Cuban conga player. In 1954, he emigrated from La Habana to New York City where he continued his prolific career as a sideman for several jazz and Latin music ensembles, and occasionally as a bandleader. He contributed to the development of the tunable conga drum which revolutionized the use of the instrument in the US. His experimental descarga albums recorded for Latin Percussion are considered the counterpart to the commercial salsa boom of the 1970s. Tito Puente once called him "the greatest conguero alive today".
Megan Anderson (netball)
Megan Anderson, also known as Megan McWilliams and previously known as Megan Dehn, is a former Australia netball international and current netball coach. Between 2000 and 2006 she made 20 senior appearances for Australia. She was a member of the Australia team that won the silver medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. During the Commonwealth Bank Trophy era, Anderson was a member of Sydney Swifts teams that won premierships in 2001, 2004, 2006 and 2007. During the ANZ Championship era, she played for Southern Steel and Northern Mystics. After retiring as a player in 2011, she became a coach. In 2020 Anderson was appointed head coach of Queensland Firebirds.

Australia national netball team
The Australia national netball team, also known as the Australian Diamonds, represent Netball Australia in international netball tournaments such as the Netball World Cup, the Commonwealth Games, the Constellation Cup, the Netball Quad Series and the Fast5 Netball World Series. They have also represented Australia at the World Games. Australia made their Test debut in 1938. As of 2023, Australia have been World champions on 12 occasions and Commonwealth champions on 4 occasions. They are regularly ranked number one in the World Netball Rankings.
1125 China
1125 China (prov. designation: 1957 UN1) is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 30 October 1957, by astronomer Zhāng Yùzhé (Y. C. Chang, 张钰哲) at the Chinese Purple Mountain Observatory (紫金山天文台) in Nanjing, and named in honor of the country China. The assumed C-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 5.4 hours and measures approximately 26 kilometers (16 miles) in diameter. Its name and number were actually taken from another asteroid that was considered a lost asteroid at the time, but was eventually rediscovered and given the new designation 3789 Zhongguo. "Zhongguo" means "China" in Chinese (1928 UF).

Purple Mountain Observatory
Purple Mountain Observatory, also known as Zijinshan Astronomical Observatory, is a dual-use astronomical observatory operated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, located at Purple Mountain east of Nanjing. The observatory conducts both open science, such as calculating the official Chinese calendar, and classified space domain awareness activities for the PLA Aerospace Force. The observatory's long-range precision mechanical tracking radars used for space surveillance are managed by PLAASF Base 26 as the Space Target and Debris Observation and Research Center.
Revenue stamps of British Guiana
Revenue stamps of British Guiana refer to the various revenue or fiscal stamps, whether adhesive or directly embossed, which were issued by British Guiana prior to the colony's independence as Guyana in 1966. Between the 1860s and 1890s, the colony issued Inland Revenue and Summary Jurisdiction stamps, while revenue stamps and dual-purpose postage and revenue stamps were issued during the late 19th and 20th centuries. In around the 1890s or 1900s, British Guiana possibly issued stamps for taxes on medicine and matches, but it is unclear if these were actually issued. Guyana continued to issue its own revenue stamps after independence.

Impressed duty stamp
An impressed duty stamp is a form of revenue stamp created by impressing (embossing) a stamp onto a document using a metal die to show that the required duty (tax) had been paid. The stamps have been used to collect a wide variety of taxes and duties, including stamp duty and duties on alcohol, financial transactions, receipts, cheques and court fees. Usage has been worldwide but particularly heavy in the United Kingdom and British Commonwealth.

Impressed duty stamps are to be distinguished from adhesive revenue stamps which are applied to documents in the same way that a postage stamp is applied to a letter.
Hausa–Gwandara languages
The Hausa–Gwandara languages (also known as the A.1 West Chadic languages) of the Afro-Asiatic family are spoken principally in Niger and Nigeria. They include Gwandara and Hausa, the most populous Chadic language and a major language of West Africa.

Chadic languages
The Chadic languages form a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are spoken in parts of the Sahel. They include 196 languages spoken across northern Nigeria, southern Niger, southern Chad, and northern Cameroon. By far the most widely spoken Chadic language is Hausa, a lingua franca of much of inland Eastern West Africa, particularly Niger and the northern half of Nigeria. Hausa is the only Chadic language with more than 1 million speakers.
Gustave Charles Fagniez
Gustave Fagniez (6 October 1842 – 18 June 1927) was a French historian, a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques of the Institut de France.

His work focused on the economy and society of the Ancien Régime, as well as diplomatic history during the 17th century, particularly the reigns of Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu.

Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
The Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (French pronunciation: [akademi de sjɑ̃s mɔʁal e pɔlitik]; "Academy of Moral and Political Sciences") is a French learned society. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France.
Shaun Murphy (hurler)
Shaun Murphy (born 1990) is an Irish hurler who plays for Wexford Senior Championship club Oulart–The Ballagh and at inter-county level with the Wexford senior hurling team. He usually lines out at left wing-back.

Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The Wexford Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Pettitt's SuperValu Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Wexford GAA clubs. The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1889.

St Martin's are the title holders after defeating Rathnure by 2-14 to 0–16 in the final.
2013 NCAA Division III baseball tournament
The 2013 NCAA Division III baseball tournament was played at the end of the 2013 NCAA Division III baseball season to determine the 38th national champion of college baseball at the NCAA Division III level.  The tournament concluded with eight teams competing at Time Warner Cable Field at Fox Cities Stadium in Grand Chute, Wisconsin for the championship.  Eight regional tournaments were held to determine the participants in the World Series. Regional tournaments were contested in double-elimination format, with four regions consisting of six teams, and four consisting of eight, for a total of 56 teams participating in the tournament.  The tournament champion was Linfield, who defeated Southern Maine for the championship.

Grand Chute, Wisconsin
Grand Chute (French: great fall or "large rapids") is a town in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 23,831 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Appleton metropolitan area. The unincorporated community of Apple Creek is partially located in the town.
Siran Upendra Deraniyagala
Siran Upendra Deraniyagala (1 March 1942 – 5 October 2021) was a Sri Lankan archaeologist and historian, who served as the Director-General of Archaeology in the Department of Archaeology of Sri Lanka from 1992 to 2001. He also served as the President of the Sri Lanka Council of Archaeologists.

Department of Archaeology (Sri Lanka)
The Department of Archaeology (Sinhala: පුරාවිද්‍යා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව, romanized: Purāvidyā Depārtamēntuva, Tamil: தொல்பொருளியல் திணைக்களம், romanized: Tolporuḷiyal Tiṇaikkaḷam) is a non-ministerial government department in Sri Lanka responsible for managing the archaeological heritage.
Hafiz Adams
Hafiz Adams (born 12 July 1992) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Ghanaian Premier League side Real Tamale United. He previously played for and captained Wa All Stars to their first league title in 2016.

Ghana Premier League
The Ghana Premier League is the top professional association football league in Ghana organized by the Ghana Football Association and formed in 1958 to replace a previous league incarnation, the Gold Coast Club Competition which ran from 1933 to 1953–54. As of the first quarter of 2024, the league was ranked as the 8th best league in Africa by TeamForm.com.

Asante Kotoko is the most successful team in the league with 25 titles, followed by Accra Hearts of Oak with 20. The bottom 3 teams are relegated at the end of each season and placed in each zone of the Ghanaian Division One League.

The 2019–20 season was halted and eventually cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana that mirrored the cause of postponement or cancellation of association football leagues and competitions across the globe.
Minnie Vautrin
Wilhelmina "Minnie" Vautrin (September 27, 1886 – May 14, 1941) was an American missionary, diarist, educator and president of Ginling College. A Christian missionary in China for 28 years, she became known for caring for and protecting at least 10,000 Chinese refugees during the Nanjing Massacre in China, during which she kept a now-published diary, at times even challenging the Japanese authorities for documents in an attempt to protect the civilians staying at her college.

After surviving in the Nanking Safety Zone from 1937, she returned to the United States in May 1940. One year later, she committed suicide in America due to extreme stress and trauma from the Nanjing Massacre. Vautrin was awarded the Order of the Blue Jade by the Chinese government for her humanitarian work during the Nanjing Massacre.

Order of Brilliant Jade
The Order of Brilliant Jade is a civilian order of the Republic of China that can be worn only by a head of state. According to regulations, the order can only be presented by the president or monarch of the country or an emissary expressly dispatched to friendly countries for the conferment. The order was instituted on 22 December 1933. It has a star-patterned face of inlaid jade bordered with gold and pearls. In the centre there is white sun surrounded by blue sky, the national emblem. Previously, the Order of the Brilliant Jade was divided into two, namely Grand Order of Brilliant Jade (current) and Order of Brilliant Jade with nine ranks.
Gujarat under the Delhi Sultanate
Gujarat, a region in western India, fell under the Delhi Sultanate following repeated expeditions under Alauddin Khalji around the end of the 13th century. He conquered the Kingdom of Gujarat which had been under the rule of the Vaghela dynasty under Karna II and established Muslim rule in Gujarat. Soon the Tughluq dynasty came to power in Delhi whose emperor carried out expeditions to quell rebellion in Gujarat and established their firm control over the region by the end of the century. Following Timur's invasion of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate weakened considerably so that the last Tughluq governor Zafar Khan declared himself independent in 1407 and formally established the Gujarat Sultanate.

Ayn al-Mulk Multani
‘Ayn al-Mulk Mūltānī was a military commander and official who served the Khalji and Tughluq dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate in present-day India. He served as Alauddin Khalji's governor of Malwa and Devagiri, and after Alauddin's death, suppressed a revolt in Gujarat.
Oles Shevchenko
Oles Yevhenovych Shevchenko (Ukrainian: Олесь Євгенович Шевченко; born 22 February 1940) is a Ukrainian journalist, human rights activist, politician, and former Soviet dissident who served as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from Kyiv's Holosiivskyi District from 1990 to 1994. Prior to his election, he was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group and an editor for underground newspaper The Ukrainian Herald.

Ukrainian Helsinki Group
The Ukrainian Helsinki Group (Ukrainian: Українська Гельсінська Група, romanized: Ukrainska Helsinska Hrupa) was founded on November 9, 1976, as the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation of the Helsinki Accords on Human Rights (Ukrainian: Українська громадська група сприяння виконанню гельсінських угод, romanized: Ukrainska hromadska hrupa spryiannia vykonanniu helsinskykh uhod) to monitor human rights in Ukraine. The group was active until 1981 when all members were jailed.

The group's goal was to monitor the Soviet Government's compliance with the Helsinki Accords, which ensure human rights. The members of the group based the group's legal viability on the provision in the Helsinki Final Act, Principle VII, which established the rights of individuals to know and act upon their rights and duties.
Wolfsheim, Germany
Wolfsheim (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔlfshaɪm]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Mainz-Bingen
Mainz-Bingen is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts include Mainz, Alzey-Worms, Bad Kreuznach, and Rhein-Hunsrück in Rhineland-Palatinate and Rheingau-Taunus, Wiesbaden and Groß-Gerau in Hesse.
Ride-by-wire
Ride-by-wire (also known as throttle-by-wire or electronic throttle control) is an electronic system that replaces the traditional mechanical cable connecting the throttle twist grip to the engine’s throttle bodies. Instead of a direct cable linkage, the rider’s throttle input is measured by sensors and transmitted to the engine control unit (ECU), which regulates fuel injection, air intake, and ignition timing to control engine power output.

Engine control unit
An engine control unit (ECU), also called an engine control module (ECM), is a device that controls various subsystems of an internal combustion engine. Systems commonly controlled by an ECU include the fuel injection and ignition systems.

The earliest ECUs (used by aircraft engines in the late 1930s) were mechanical-hydraulic units; however, most 21st-century ECUs operate using digital electronics.
Battle of Dollar
The Battle of Dollar was fought in 875 at Dollar, Scotland, between Viking invaders under Halfdan Ragnarsson and the defenders led by King Constantine I. The Vikings had previously been part of the Great Heathen Army which had been assaulting the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England before moving to a base by the river Tyne to raid the lands of the Picts and Strathclyde Britons.

The battle ended in victory for the Vikings who occupied the east-central lowlands of Scotland for a year before settling in Northumbria. Constantine was forced back to the highlands of Atholl and would later die in a further battle with the Vikings in 876. The Picts disappear from the record after the devastation of 875–878.

Causantín mac Cináeda
Causantín mac Cináeda (Modern Gaelic: Còiseam mac Choinnich; c. 836 – 877) was King of the Picts from 862 until his death in 877. He is often known as Constantine I in reference to his place in modern lists of Scottish monarchs, but contemporary sources described Causantín only as a Pictish king. A son of Cináed mac Ailpín ("Kenneth MacAlpin"), he succeeded his uncle Domnall mac Ailpín as Pictish king following the latter's death on 13 April 862. The reign of Causantín likely saw increased activity by Vikings, based in Ireland, Northumbria and northern Britain. He died fighting one such invasion.
Case Western Reserve Spartans football
The Case Western Reserve Spartans football team is the varsity intercollegiate football team representing Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. They compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division III level and hold dual membership in both the Presidents' Athletic Conference (PAC) and the University Athletic Association (UAA).  They are coached by Greg Debeljak.  Home games are played at DiSanto Field. The team in its current form was created in 1970 after the federation of Western Reserve University and Case Institute of Technology.

University Athletic Association
The University Athletic Association (UAA) is an intercollegiate athletic conference that competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III.  Member schools are universities located in Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The eight members are Brandeis University, Carnegie Mellon University, Case Western Reserve University, Emory University, New York University, The University of Chicago, University of Rochester, and Washington University in St. Louis.