hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 UMass Minutemen football team
The 2025 UMass Minutemen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They played their home games at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium located in Hadley, Massachusetts, and competed as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). They were led by first-year head coach Joe Harasymiak.

They failed to improve upon their 2–10 record from last season and instead continued their 16-game losing streak en route to suffering their first full winless campaign, becoming the 8th team in the MAC since 2009 to do so, as well as the second straight after Kent State did so the previous year. Some lowlights of the season included a 27–26 loss to FCS Bryant on a game-winning field goal in Week 2, a 47–7 blowout loss to the Iowa Hawkeyes in Week 3, and a Week 7 loss to the Buffalo Bulls by a score of 28–21 after holding a 1 point lead in the final minute prior to the touchdown.

2025 Bryant Bulldogs football team
The 2025 Bryant Bulldogs football team represented Bryant University as a member of the Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference (CAA Football) during the 2025 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Bulldogs were led by seventh-year head coach Chris Merritt and played their home games at Beirne Stadium in Smithfield, Rhode Island.

This season was the team's second as a member of CAA Football after leaving the Big South–OVC Football Association following the 2023 season.

A highlight of the season would be achieving their first ever win over an FBS opponent in school history, coming off in Week 2 over UMass.
Argungu Emirate
The Argungu Emirate, also known as the Kebbi Emirate is a traditional state based on the town of Argungu in Kebbi State, Nigeria. It is the successor to the ancient Hausa Kingdom of Kebbi.
The Emirate is one of four in Kebbi State, the others being the Gwandu Emirate, Yauri Emirate and Zuru Emirate.

Yauri Emirate
Yauri (or Yawuri) is an emirate in Nigeria's Kebbi State, occupying the Yauri Local Government Area. Today, Yauri is one of the smallest historical emirates in Northern Nigeria. In 1972, the population was about 112,000 people inhabiting a land area of about 1,306 square miles (3,380 km2) and scattered over six major districts.
Ed Correa
Edwin Josue Correa (born April 29, 1966) is a retired professional baseball player from Puerto Rico. He played three seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), debuting in 1985 for the Chicago White Sox and playing for the Texas Rangers in the 1986 and 1987 seasons.

1986 Texas Rangers season
The 1986 Texas Rangers season was the 26th of the Texas Rangers franchise overall, their 15th in Arlington as the Rangers, and the 15th season at Arlington Stadium. The Rangers finished second in the American League West with a record of 87 wins and 75 losses.

Michael Stone was President of the Rangers and promoted Tom Grieve to General Manager.
Apple Island (Massachusetts)
Apple Island was an island in Boston Harbor in Massachusetts, one of five islands that were integrated with landfill over the years to form East Boston and Logan International Airport. Noddle's Island, Hog Island, Bird's Island and Governor's Island were the others.

Governors Island (Massachusetts)
Governors Island was an island in Boston Harbor in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The island was subsumed by land reclamation for the construction and extension of Logan International Airport.

Governor's Island was originally owned by early Massachusetts founder Roger Conant, and known as Conant's Island.  Conant grew grapes there, and very likely his vineyard is what Rev. John White referred to "as good as any are found in France by human culture," with some being "four inches around."

Governor's Island was the site of Fort Winthrop, a defensive fortification named after Governor John Winthrop, whose family was granted the island in 1632 and owned it until 1808, when it was acquired for the construction of the fort. It was also the site of La Tour's 1643 landing on a diplomatic mission to the Massachusetts Bay Colony during his conflict with d'Aulnay.

The island is buried in the area north of the south end of runway 14/32.
Gary Ayres
Gary James Ayres (born 28 September 1960) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is currently the senior coach for the Montrose Football Club in the Eastern Football Netball League (EFNL). Ayres' playing career is honoured by the existence of the Gary Ayres Award, an annual award given to the player judged best-afield by the AFL Coaches Association throughout each AFL finals series.

1986 VFL season
The 1986 VFL season was the 90th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 29 March until 27 September, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top five clubs.

The premiership was won by the Hawthorn Football Club for the sixth time, after it defeated Carlton by 42 points in the 1986 VFL Grand Final.
Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army
The Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army (Sindhi: سنڌوديش جي انقلابي فوج, romanized: Sindhudesh je Inqlabi Foj) abbreviated as SRA, is a Sindhi nationalist-separatist militant organization based in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is supported, armed and financed by Baloch nationalist groups (such as the Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar, Balochistan Liberation Army, and Balochistan Liberation Front) as an organization for proxy warfare and instability in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It commonly targets and attacks infrastructure projects and economic infrastructure in Sindh, especially infrastructure linked to Chinese companies or individuals.

Balochistan Liberation Front
The Balochistan Liberation Front (Balochi: بلۏچستان آجوییءِ سنگر, abbreviated BLF) is an Afghanistan-based Baloch ethnonationalist separatist militant group actively waging an insurgency in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

The separatist group was founded by Jumma Khan Marri in 1964 in Damascus, Syria and played an important role in the 1968–1973 insurgency in Sistan and Balochistan province of Iran and 1973–1977 insurgency in Balochistan province of Pakistan.

The group re-emerged in 2004 after Allah Nazar Baloch took command of the militant group in 2003. Since then, the BLF has taken responsibility for attacks on Pakistani soldiers and policemen. The group has also claimed responsibility for massacres of non-Baloch civilians inside Balochistan.

In 2016, Allah Nazar Baloch expressed openness to receiving financial and other forms of support from India. He also vowed to continue targeting the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), segments of which pass through Balochistan.
MLS Cup 2016
MLS Cup 2016 was the 21st edition of the MLS Cup, the championship match of Major League Soccer (MLS), played on December 10, 2016. The soccer match was hosted at BMO Field in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and contested by Toronto FC and Seattle Sounders FC. It was the second final to be hosted in Toronto, after 2010, and the first there since the cup transitioned away from neutral-site venues.

The 2016 final was the first to be contested between two expansion teams and became the first in league history to end in a scoreless draw. The Sounders won their first title in a penalty shoot-out. Toronto FC became the first Canadian club to play in the MLS Cup, while Seattle capped a comeback season, who replaced their manager during the middle of the season and climbed from second-to-last in the conference to a playoff spot.

MLS Cup 2010
MLS Cup 2010 was the 15th edition of the MLS Cup, the championship match of Major League Soccer (MLS), the top-flight soccer league in the United States and Canada. The match took place on November 21, 2010, at BMO Field in Toronto, Ontario, the first Canadian city to host the league's championship. It was contested by the Colorado Rapids and FC Dallas, both from the Western Conference, to determine the champion of the 2010 season. The 2010 edition was the fourth MLS Cup to feature finalists from the same conference.

Colorado won 2–1 over Dallas on an own goal in extra time, as a shot by Rapids forward Macoumba Kandji was deflected on goal by Dallas defender George John. The match kicked off at 8:30 pm EST, and was televised by ESPN and Galavisión in the United States, and by TSN2 in Canada.

As a result of their victory, the Colorado Rapids earned direct Group Stage berth in the 2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League. FC Dallas earned a preliminary round spot in the Champions League.
No Regret (song)
"No Regret" is an R&B song by singer-songwriter Koda Kumi. The song debuted on the Oricon charts at No. 4, remaining on the charts for twelve weeks. The single made it the eighth release for her 12 Singles Collection, and, unlike the majority of the singles, was not limited to 50,000 copies. This was one of three that were not limited, the other being the first single in the collection, you, and the final single, Someday/Boys♥Girls.

Someday/Boys & Girls
"Someday/Boys & Girls" (stylized as "Someday/Boys♥Girls") is the final single of Koda Kumi's 12 Single Collection and overall thirtieth single. Unlike the majority of singles in the collection, this single is not limited to 50,000 copies. The single charted at No. 3 on Oricon and charted for nine weeks.
Retta language
Retta (also called Reta) is a Papuan language spoken on Pura and Ternate islands, located between Pantar and Alor in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. It is spoken by a few thousand people, and is considered an endangered language by Ethnologue.

It is not related to but not mutually intelligible with Blagar, which is spoken on the north side of Pura Island, and is unrelated to the Austronesian language Alorese, which is spoken on the north side of Ternate.: 9, 15 : 348–349  One of its most distinctive features is a morphophonological process where some words can be intensified or made vulgar by replacing an /l/ sound with an [r] sound.: 191

Blagar language
Blagar is a Papuan language of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. The Tereweng dialect spoken on Tereweng Island off the southeast coast of Pantar is sometimes considered a separate language. The Blagar speakers themselves describe their language as pi abaŋ hur (lit. 'our village language').

The increasing prominence of Indonesian and Alor Malay has been putting pressure on the Blagar language although the language is still used by all age groups. By the 1970s, Indonesian and Alor Malay replaced Blagar as the language of churches and mosques, and in the early 2000s the spread of Indonesian and Alor Malay was furthered by the introduction of electricity on Pura Island.
1989 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1989 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. In its fifth season under head coach Paul Schudel, the team compiled a 7–3–2 record (6–1–1 against conference opponents) and won the MAC championship. The team played its home games at Ball State Stadium in Muncie, Indiana.

The team's statistical leaders included David Riley with 1,929 passing yards, Bernie Parmalee with 662 rushing yards, Sean Jones with 518 receiving yards, and Kenny Stucker with 84 points scored.

David Riley (American football)
David Riley (born August 2, 1967) is an American former professional football quarterback two seasons in the Arena Football League (AFL) with the Cincinnati Rockers and Milwaukee Mustangs. He played college football at Ball State University. He also played three years in the Italian Football League.
2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the Pac-12 Conference during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by first-year head coach Mel Tucker, the Buffaloes played their home games on campus at Folsom Field in Boulder and finished at 5–7 (3–6 in Pac-12, fifth in the South Division).

Previously the defensive coordinator at Georgia, Tucker left after just one season at CU for Michigan State of the Big Ten Conference.

Mel Tucker
Melvin Gene Tucker II (born January 4, 1972) is an American football coach and former player. He was the head football coach at Michigan State University from 2020 to 2023.

Tucker was the interim head coach for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL) for the final five games of the 2011 season. He has worked as the defensive backs coach at Ohio State and Alabama and as the defensive coordinator for both the Chicago Bears of the NFL and the University of Georgia.

In November 2021, Mel Tucker became one of the highest-paid coaches in college football history, receiving a guaranteed 10-year, $95 million contract from Michigan State, the third-largest contract ever given to a football coach at a public university. In September 2023, following allegations of sexual harassment, Tucker was fired by Michigan State.
Lex animata
Lex animata is a 12th century Latin translation of the Greco-Roman concept νόμος ἔμψυχος, nómos émpsychos, which equates to the "living law".

Originating in Hellenistic philosophy and repurposed by Themistius in the 4th century, the identification of the Roman sovereign as nomos empsychos was established in law by the emperor Justinian I in his Novellae Constitutiones, and introduced into European civil law through the discovery of The Authenticum by the medieval glossators in Bologna.

It would be a concept that would influence medieval ideas and shape early modern political thought about the state.

Novellae Constitutiones
The Novellae Constitutiones ("new constitutions"; Ancient Greek: Νεαραὶ διατάξεις, romanized: Nearaì diatáxeis), or Justinian's Novels, are now considered one of the four major units of Roman law initiated by Roman emperor Justinian I in the course of his long reign (AD 527–565). The other three pieces are: the Codex Justinianus, the Digest, and the Institutes. Justinian's quaestor Tribonian was primarily responsible for compiling the latter three. Together, the four parts are known as the Corpus Juris Civilis. Whereas the Code, Digest, and Institutes were designed by Justinian as coherent works, the Novels are a diverse body of laws enacted after 534 (when he promulgated the second edition of the Code) that were never  officially compiled during his reign.
Hill Creek Cultural Preservation and Energy Development Act
The Hill Creek Cultural Preservation and Energy Development Act (H.R. 356; Pub. L. 113–133 (text) (PDF)) is a United States public law that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives of the 113th United States Congress on January 23, 2013, by Rep. Rob Bishop (R-UT). The law outlines a swap in the ownership of mineral rights of certain pieces of land located in Utah.  The United States federal government, Utah's School and Institutional Trust Land Administration (SITLA), and the Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation are all involved in the exchange.

Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation
The Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation (/juːˈɪntə/, /ˈjʊəreɪ/) is located in northeastern Utah, United States. It is the homeland of the Ute Indian Tribe (Ute dialect: Núuchi-u), and is the largest of three Indian reservations inhabited by members of the Ute Tribe of Native Americans.
2022 Asian Games
The 2022 Asian Games (2022年亚洲运动会), officially the 19th Asian Games (第十九届亚洲运动会) and also known as Hangzhou 2022 (杭州2022), were a continental multi-sport event which was held from 23 September to 8 October 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The games marked the 110th anniversary since the creation of the first continental event, starting with the 1913 Far Eastern Championship Games.

Originally scheduled to take place from 10 to 25 September 2022, on 6 May 2022 the Games were postponed to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The new dates were announced on 19 July 2022, with the Games remaining branded as Hangzhou 2022. Hangzhou was the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.

1990 Asian Games
The 1990 Asian Games, also known as the XI Asiad and the 11th Asian Games (第十一届亚洲运动会) or simply Beijing 1990 (北京1990), were held from September 22 to October 7, 1990, in Beijing, China. This was the first Asian Games held in China.

Along with the 1993 East Asian Games, this event served as a precursor to China's further development in the sporting arena, as before the city went on to bid for the 2000 Summer Olympics (losing to Sydney) and eventually won the bids for the 2001 Summer Universiade, the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics . In a fact with precedent, China dominated the games, grabbing 60% of the gold medals and 34% of the total medal count. China set a new record by becoming the first nation in the history of the Asian Games to cross the 100-gold medal mark and the 300-total medal mark in one edition.

This also marked Taiwan's first participation in the Asian Games as Chinese Taipei.
2020–21 Kentucky Wildcats women's basketball team
The 2020–21 Kentucky Wildcats women's basketball team represented the University of Kentucky during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Wildcats, led by head coach Kyra Elzy, played their home games at Memorial Coliseum and Rupp Arena and competed as members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

2020–21 NCAA Division I women's basketball season
The 2020–21 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began in November 2020 and ended with the championship game of the 2021 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas on April 4, 2021. Practices officially began in October 2020.
Thomas Pelham, 2nd Earl of Chichester
Thomas Pelham, 2nd Earl of Chichester, PC, PC (Ire), FRS (28 April 1756 – 4 July 1826), styled The Honourable Thomas Pelham from 1768 until 1783, The Right Honourable Thomas Pelham from 1783 to 1801, and then known as Lord Pelham until 1805, was a British Whig politician. He notably held office as Home Secretary under Henry Addington from 1801 to 1803.

Henry Addington
Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth (30 May 1757 – 15 February 1844) was a British Tory statesman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1804 and as Speaker of the House of Commons from 1789 to  1801.

Addington is best known for obtaining the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, an unfavourable peace with Napoleonic France which marked the end of the Second Coalition during the French Revolutionary Wars. When that treaty broke down, Addington resumed the war without allies. He conducted relatively weak defensive hostilities, ahead of what would become the War of the Third Coalition. He was forced from office in favour of William Pitt the Younger, who had preceded Addington as prime minister. Addington is also known for his reactionary crackdown on advocates of democratic reforms during a ten-year spell as Home Secretary from 1812 to 1822. He is the longest continuously serving holder of that office since it was created in 1782.
Transitus
In Western Christianity, the Transitus (translation from Ecclesiastical Latin: crossing) refers to "the time of passage through death to life".

The Christian theologian German Martinez writes that:

The idea of death in the Latin transitus (transition, passing over) represents a unique Christian terminology linked to the paschal mystery. It consecrates the passage of the dying to eternal life. Offering the sacrifice of his or her personal life, the believer shares in the paschal transitus of Christ himself.

Christian burial
A Christian burial is the burial of a deceased person with specifically Christian rites; typically, in consecrated ground. Until recent times Christians generally objected to cremation and practiced inhumation almost exclusively. Today this opposition has largely vanished among Protestants and Catholics alike, and this is rapidly becoming more common, although Eastern Orthodox Churches still mostly forbid cremation.
City West railway station
City West railway station is a railway station on the Transperth network in Western Australia. It is located on the Fremantle line and Airport line, 1.6 kilometres from Perth station serving the suburb of West Perth.

Perth railway station
Perth railway station is the largest station on the Transperth network, serving the central business district of Perth, Western Australia. It serves as an interchange between the Airport, Armadale, Ellenbrook, Fremantle, Midland, and Thornlie–Cockburn lines as well as Transwa's Australind service. It is also directly connected to Perth Underground railway station, which has the Yanchep and Mandurah lines.
Content (measure theory)
In mathematics, in particular in measure theory, a content  is a real-valued function defined on a collection of subsets  such that

That is, a content is a generalization of a measure: while the latter must be countably additive, the former must only be finitely additive.

In many important applications the  is chosen to be a ring of sets or to be at least a semiring of sets in which case some additional properties can be deduced which are described below. For this reason some authors prefer to define contents only for the case of semirings or even rings.

If a content is additionally σ-additive it is called a pre-measure and if furthermore  is a σ-algebra, the content is called a measure. Therefore, every (real-valued) measure is a content, but not vice versa. Contents give a good notion of integrating bounded functions on a space but can behave badly when integrating unbounded functions, while measures give a good notion of integrating unbounded functions.

Ring of sets
In mathematics, there are two different notions of a ring of sets, both referring to certain families of sets.

In order theory, a nonempty family of sets  is called a ring (of sets) if it is closed under union and intersection.  That is, the following two statements are true for all sets  and ,

implies  and

implies

In measure theory, a nonempty family of sets  is called a ring (of sets) if it is closed under union and relative complement (set-theoretic difference). That is, the following two statements are true for all sets  and ,

implies  and

implies

This implies that a ring in the measure-theoretic sense always contains the empty set. Furthermore, for all sets A and B,

which shows that a family of sets closed under relative complement is also closed under intersection, so that a ring in the measure-theoretic sense is also a ring in the order-theoretic sense.