hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lawrence Flugence
Lawrence Flugence (born (1980-01-19)January 19, 1980) is an American former football player. He played college football for the Texas Tech Red Raiders, earning third-team All-American honors in 2001. An undrafted free agent, he was on the roster of the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL) before being released and subsequently signed by the New England Patriots and ceded to the NFL Europe's Berlin Thunder.

Texas Tech Red Raiders football
The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University (variously "TTU"). The Red Raiders competes as a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record, including a total of 12 conference titles and one conference division title. On November 8, 2021, Joey McGuire was hired as the team's 17th head football coach, replacing Matt Wells, who was fired in the middle of the 2021 season. Home games are played at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.
Mandorah
Mandorah is a locality in the Northern Territory of Australia. Its local government area is the Wagait Shire.

The locality of Mandorah on the Cox Peninsula, across the harbour from Darwin, is named after "Mandorah", a guest house built in what is now the locality by Allan Hartwig prior to 1948.

In 2019 the Northern Territory Government announced it would spend up to $50 million to replace the Mandorah jetty, construct a breakwater to protect it from damage during storms, and construct a boat ramp. The original jetty was built in the 1960s and repaired several times since it was damaged by Cyclone Tracy in 1974. The temporary repairs had posed difficulties for disabled people wanting to use the ferry service.  Wagait Shire welcomed the project as an opportunity to encourage economic development in the Cox Peninsula.

Wagait Shire
The Wagait Shire is a local government area in the Northern Territory of Australia. The council was established as the Cox Peninsula Community Government Council on 28 April 1995 and renamed with effect from 1 July 2008. The shire is located west of Darwin, as a 15-minute ferry ride, or a 138 kilometres (86 mi) drive on fully sealed roads.

The council derived its previous name from the Cox Peninsula. It was named after Matthew Dillon Cox, regarded as the Northern Territory's first pastoralist, who applied for a lease over the peninsula in 1869, just after the establishment of Darwin.  The current name is derived from the name of the township located near Wagait Beach.

The Federal electorate of Lingiari https://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/nt/lingiari.htm
King's Gambit, McDonnell Gambit
The McDonnell Gambit is a chess opening gambit in the King's Gambit, Classical Variation, that begins with the moves:

1. e4 e5

2. f4 exf4

3. Nf3 g5

4. Bc4 g4

5. Nc3

It can also be reached via the Quaade Gambit:

4. Nc3 g4

5. Bc4

The opening is named after Alexander McDonnell, a 19th-century Irish chess master, who successfully introduced it in his third match with Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais. The aim is to gain a significant lead in development (knight, bishop, and queen) for the sacrificed knight, followed by a kingside attack.

The McDonnell Gambit has always been much less popular for White than the similarly motivated Muzio Gambit (4.Bc4 g4 5.0-0). Although considered obsolete by MCO, it has not been refuted. It should not be confused with the McDonnell Attack, found in the Bishop's Gambit (3.Bc4).

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Kelly Simm
Kelly Jay Simm (born 23 April 1995) is an English artistic gymnast. She is the 2015 Summer Universiade all-around champion, vault silver medalist, and floor bronze medalist. She represented England at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and won a gold medal in the team final. She competed at the 2015 World Championships and she won the bronze medal with the team.

Gymnastics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's artistic team all-around
The Women's artistic team all-around gymnastics competition at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland was held on 28 and 29 July at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre.

The team competition also served as qualification for the individual all-around and event finals.
Beer cocktail
A beer cocktail is a cocktail that is made by mixing beer with other ingredients (such as a distilled beverage) or another style of beer. 
In this type of cocktail, the primary ingredient is usually beer.

Beer style
Beer styles differentiate and categorise beers by colour, flavour, strength, ingredients, production method, recipe, history, or origin.

The modern concept of beer styles is largely based on the work of writer Michael Jackson in his 1977 book The World Guide To Beer. In 1989, Fred Eckhardt furthered Jackson's work publishing The Essentials of Beer Style. Although the systematic study of beer styles is a modern phenomenon, the practice of distinguishing between different varieties of beer is ancient, dating to at least 2000 BC.

What constitutes a beer style may involve provenance, local tradition, ingredients, aroma, appearance, flavour and mouthfeel. The flavour may include the degree of bitterness of a beer due to bittering agents such as hops, roasted barley, or herbs; and the sweetness from the sugar present in the beer.
Panch Prayag
Panch Prayag (Pañcha prayāga) is an expression in Hindu religious ethos, specifically used to connote the five sacred river confluences in the Garhwal Himalayas in the state of Uttarakhand, India. The five prayags - prayaga meaning "place of confluence of rivers" in Sanskrit - also termed as "Prayag pentad" are Vishnuprayag, Nandaprayag, Karnaprayag, Rudraprayag and Devprayag, in the descending flow sequence of their occurrence.

Alaknanda + Dhauliganga = Vishnu Prayag

Alaknanda + Nandakini = Nand Prayag

Alaknanda + Pindarganga = Karna Prayag

Alaknanda + Mandakini = Rudra Prayag

Alaknanda + Bhagirathi = Dev Prayag

Alaknanda River
The Alaknanda is a Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and one of the two headstreams of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and a river considered holy in Hinduism. In hydrology, the Alaknanda is considered the source stream of the Ganges on account of its greater length and discharge; while, in Hindu tradition and culture, the other headstream, the Bhagirathi, is considered the source stream.
Amritsar Mail
The 13005 / 13006 Amritsar Mail, colloquially known as the Punjab Mail in the eastern part of India, is a mail train operated by the Eastern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. This train serves as a vital link connecting the capital city of West Bengal, Kolkata, with the historic and revered pilgrimage city of Amritsar in India. It operates under the train numbers 13005 from Howrah Junction in Kolkata to Amritsar Junction, and 13006 on its return journey.

Amritsar Junction railway station
Amritsar Central Railway Station (station code: ASR) is a railway located in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab and serves Amritsar. It is the largest and busiest railway station of Punjab.
Top Level Design
Top Level Design is a company in the United States and parent company of the domain name registrar Porkbun LLC. The company was also a former domain name registry for several generic top-level domains, including .wiki, .ink, and .gay, until they were sold to GoDaddy Registry.

Ray King serves as Top Level Design's chief executive officer.

Domain name registrar
A domain name registrar is a company, person, or office that manages the reservation of Internet domain names.

A domain name registrar must be accredited by a generic top-level domain (gTLD) registry or a country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registry. A registrar operates in accordance with the guidelines of the designated domain name registries. As of March 2024, there are 2,800 domain name registrars accredited by ICANN.
Mårten Trotzigs Gränd
Mårten Trotzigs gränd (Swedish: "Alley of Mårten Trotzig") is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden. Leading from Västerlånggatan and Järntorget up to Prästgatan and Tyska Stallplan, the width of its 37 steps tapers down to a mere 90 centimetres (35 in), making the alley the narrowest street in Stockholm.

Järntorget (Stockholm)
Järntorget (Swedish for 'The Iron Square') is a small public square in Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden.  Located in the southernmost corner of the old town, the square connects the thoroughfares Västerlånggatan and Österlånggatan, while the two alleys, Södra Bankogränd and Norra Bankogränd, stretches east to connect the square to Skeppsbron, and two other alleys, Järntorgsgatan and Triewaldsgränd, leads south to Slussplan and Kornhamnstorg respectively.

The second oldest square in Stockholm, slightly younger than Stortorget, Järntorget dates back to around 1300 and remained the city's most important trade centre for centuries — constantly busy and crowded, scents and noise intermixing while goods were transported from shore to shore across the square and up and down the attics of the surrounding buildings.
Beatmania IIDX 22: Pendual
Beatmania IIDX 22: Pendual (stylized as beatmania IIDX 22 PENDUAL) is a music video game and the 22nd installment of Beatmania IIDX series of video game, a part of the long-running Bemani series. The theme of the game revolves around the concept of time with the theme split between the present and the future; Pendual itself is a portmanteau of "pendulum" and "dual". The UI mainly features white to symbolize the present and purple to symbolize the future. It was first announced during the BEMANI Namahōsō event on June 4, 2014, with location testing held from June 13 to 15, 2014. It was released on September 17, 2014.

Beatmania IIDX 19: Lincle
Beatmania IIDX 19: Lincle is the 19th game in the beatmania IIDX series of music video games. The location test itself was announced on April 18, 2011. The location test was held first on Akihabara on April 20, 2011. Umeda's location test started on April 22, 2011, and both ended on April 25, 2011. Fukuoka and Nagoya had their location test started from April 28, 2011, until May 1, 2011. Kyoto and Sapporo's location test started on May 6, 2011, until May 8, 2011. It was released on September 15, 2011.
Kisaichi Maruyama Kofun
The Kisaichi Maruyama Kofun (私市円山古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Kisaichi neighborhood of the city of Ayabe, Kyoto in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1994.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
Gabe E. Parker
Gabriel Edward Parker (September 29, 1878 – May 8, 1953) was an American public servant. Born in the Indian Territory, he attended the 1906 Oklahoma Constitutional Convention and was heavily involved in the design of the state's seal. Parker was later Register of the Treasury (1913-1914) and superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes (1915-1921).

Seal of Oklahoma
The Great Seal of Oklahoma was officially adopted in 1907 and is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the Government of Oklahoma. The phrase is used both for the physical seal itself, which is kept by the Secretary of State, and more generally for the design impressed upon it.
Zella Luria
Zella Luria (née Hurwitz; February 18, 1924 – June 10, 2018) was an American psychologist and feminist known for her work on the development of gender identity and sexuality across the life course.  Her work helped to shift the field towards a cognitive approach that emphasized the social construction of gender and the active role of children in such construction.

Luria taught at Tufts University from 1959 to 2002. She co-authored the textbook Psychology of Human Sexuality (1979), later reissued as Human Sexuality (2nd ed. 1987) and was an associate editor of the journal Archives of Sexual Behavior. Luria was a Fellow of the 
American Psychological Association and the American Psychological Society.

Association for Psychological Science
The Association for Psychological Science (APS), previously the American Psychological Society, is an international non-profit organization whose mission is to promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of human welfare. APS publishes several journals, holds an annual meeting, disseminates psychological science research findings to the general public, and works with policymakers to strengthen support for scientific psychology.
IDisk
iDisk is a file hosting service that was offered by Apple Inc. initially to all Mac OS 9 users, and later to .Mac and MobileMe subscribers that enabled them to store their digital photos, films and personal files online so they could be accessed remotely. All Mac OS 9 users received a free 20MB iDisk, with a 400MB paid subscription option added shortly after the iDisk launch. With a standard .Mac subscription, users received a 10GB iDisk. With MobileMe, the standard storage was increased to 20GB.

iDisk integrated with Mac OS X, appearing as a network drive. Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther) through 10.6 (Snow Leopard) could cache updates to an iDisk volume while off-line and synchronize updates later. Any WebDAV client could also access an iDisk volume.

Apple discontinued iDisk, along with many MobileMe (formerly .Mac and iTools) products in 2012. iDisk users could sign up for the iCloud beta or download their files.

File-hosting service
A file-hosting service, also known as cloud-storage service, online file-storage provider, or cyberlocker, is an internet hosting service specifically designed to host user files. These services allow users to upload files that can be accessed over the internet after providing a username and password or other authentication. Typically, file hosting services allow HTTP access, and in some cases, FTP access. Other related services include content-displaying hosting services (i.e. video and image), virtual storage, and remote backup solutions.
John M. Hollerbach
John Matthew Hollerbach is a professor of computer science and research professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Utah. He is the editor of The International Journal of Robotics Research, a Senior Editor of Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, and a Governing Board member of the electronic journal Haptics-e.

The International Journal of Robotics Research
The International Journal of Robotics Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the field of robotics on topics from sensors and sensory interpretations to kinematics in motion planning. Its editor-in-chief is Antonio Bicchi (University of Pisa). The journal was established in 1982 and is published by SAGE Publications.
William McCormick (businessman)
William McCormick (8 April 1742 – 1815) was a Scottish-born merchant who lived in North Carolina, took the loyalist side in the American War of Independence, and played a leading role in efforts to win compensation from the British government for losses suffered as a result of the war.

Loyalism
Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to historical loyalty to the British Crown, notably with the loyalist opponents of the American Revolution, and United Empire Loyalists who moved to the remaining colonies of British North America after the revolution.
Histidine phosphotransfer domain
Histidine phosphotransfer domains and histidine phosphotransferases (both often abbreviated HPt) are protein domains involved in the "phosphorelay" form of two-component regulatory systems. These proteins possess a phosphorylatable histidine residue and are responsible for transferring a phosphoryl group from an aspartate residue on an intermediate "receiver" domain, typically part of a hybrid histidine kinase, to an aspartate on a final response regulator.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Thomas J. Murphy (New York politician)
Thomas J. Murphy (May 25, 1930 – January 9, 2025) was an American politician and jurist from the state of New York. He served as a Republican member of the New York State Assembly and a justice of the New York Supreme Court.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Al-Kamil
Al-Malik al-Kamil Nasir ad-Din Muhammad (Arabic: الملك الكامل ناصر الدين محمد; c. 1177 – 6 March 1238), titled Abu al-Maʽali (Arabic: أبي المعالي), was an Egyptian ruler and the fourth Ayyubid sultan of Egypt. During his tenure as sultan, the Ayyubids defeated the Fifth Crusade. He was known to the Frankish crusaders as Meledin, a name by which he is referred to in some older western sources. As a result of the Sixth Crusade, he ceded West Jerusalem to the Christians and is known to have met with Saint Francis.

Al-Mu'azzam Isa
Sharaf ad-Dīn al-Muʿaẓẓam ʿĪsā (al-Malik al-Muʿaẓẓam ʿĪsā) (1176 – 1227) was the Ayyubid Kurdish emir of Damascus from 1218 to 1227. The son of Sultan al-Adil I and nephew of Saladin, founder of the dynasty, al-Mu'azzam was installed by his father as governor of Damascus in 1198 or 1200. After his father's death in 1218, al-Mu'azzam ruled the Ayyubid lands in Syria in his own name, down to his own death in 1227. He was succeeded by his son, an-Nasir Dawud.

He was respected as a man of letters, and was interested in grammar and jurisprudence.
By 1204, Jerusalem was his primary residence.
Claude François Ferey
Claude François Ferey, baron de Rozengath (21 September 1771 – 24 July 1812) was a French Army officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. During the War of the First Coalition, he fought in the siege of Mainz and the War in the Vendée. After being promoted to command an infantry regiment, he led his unit at the battles of Neuwied, Montebello, and Marengo.

Ferey led a French brigade at Austerlitz during the War of the Third Coalition and Jena, Lübeck, Bergfried, Eylau, Lomitten, and Heilsberg during the War of the Fourth Coalition. While fighting in the Peninsular War, he led a brigade at Bussaco and a division at Fuentes de Oñoro and Salamanca. At the end of the latter battle, his division delayed the victorious Anglo-Portuguese forces while the rest of the French army withdrew; Ferey was killed by a round shot during the engagement. His surname is one of the Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 38.

Battle of Heilsberg
The Battle of Heilsberg took place on 10 June [O.S. 29 May] 1807 off the town of Heilsberg (now Lidzbark Warmiński), during the Napoleonic Wars. In it, Joachim Murat's French troops began the offensive on Leonty (Levin) Bennigsen's Russian force ahead of schedule. The opponents fought until they concluded an operational armistice. Due to Bennigsen's illness, Andrei Gorchakov temporarily replaced him during the action until the very end of it. Napoleon, French supreme commander, also arrived on the battlefield, but it was Murat who initiated the battle.
2005 Likud leadership election
A leadership election was held by Likud on 19 December 2005. Former Prime Minister and party leader Benjamin Netanyahu defeated Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Silvan Shalom, as well as candidates Moshe Feiglin and Israel Katz.

Likud's previous leader, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, initially sought re-election as party leader, and was challenged by Netanyahu and Uzi Landau over Sharon's planned disengagement from the Gaza Strip. In November 2005, Sharon left Likud to form Kadima, after which Silvan Shalom, Moshe Feiglin, Israel Katz, and Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz announced their own bids for the leadership. Mofaz and Landau withdrew from the race in December, with Landau endorsing Netanyahu and Mofaz leaving Likud and joining Kadima.

Several months after Netanyahu's victory, Likud lost decisively in the 2006 Knesset election. The party later returned to power in 2009.

Ministry of Defense (Israel)
The Ministry of Defense (Hebrew: משרד הביטחון, romanized: Misrad HaBitahon, lit. 'Ministry of Security', acronym: Hebrew: משהב"ט) of the government of Israel, is the governmental department responsible for defending the State of Israel from internal and external military threats. Its political head is the defense minister of Israel, and its offices are located in HaKirya, Tel Aviv.

The Ministry of Defense oversees most of the Israeli security forces, including the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Israel Military Industries (IMI), and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).

The ministry was established when the British Mandate of Palestine ended, and the British Army departed Palestine and the State of Israel was formed. This ended the rag-tag militia units during British rule and gave way to the formal defense of the Jewish state.