hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A4 pod
A4 pod is a killer whale family in British Columbia. As of March 2013, it consists of three matrilines and 15 members and is the family of Springer, the first orca to be successfully reintroduced to the wild after being handled by humans. A4 pod is part of the northern resident orcas found in coastal waters ranging from mid-Vancouver Island to southeastern Alaska up through Haida Gwaii (formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands). The community is made up of three clans known as A, G and R clans, each possessing a distinctive dialect and consisting of several related pods. A4 pod belongs to the biggest clan, A clan.

Northern resident orcas
Northern resident orcas, also known as northern resident killer whales (NRKW), are one of four separate, non-interbreeding communities of the exclusively fish-eating ecotype of orca in the northeast portion of the North Pacific Ocean. They live primarily off the coast of British Columbia (BC), Canada, and also travel to southeastern Alaska and northern Washington state in the United States. The northern resident population consists of three clans (A, G, R) that consists of several pods with one or more matrilines within each pod. The northern residents are genetically distinct from the southern resident orcas and their calls are also quite distinct.
Director of Human Resources (Swedish Armed Forces)
The Director of Human Resources (Swedish: Personaldirektör, PERSDIR) is the director of human resources of the Swedish Armed Forces. PERSDIR, which heads the Defence Staff's Human Resources Department, is an administrative position based at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in Stockholm. The PERSDIR is part of the Defence Board (Försvarsmaktsledningen, FML), a group of the Supreme Commander's top commanders.

Chief of Defence (Sweden)
The Chief of Defence (Swedish: överbefälhavaren; acronym: ÖB), formerly referred to in English as the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces, is the highest ranked professional military officer in the Swedish Armed Forces. The chief of defence is the agency head of the Swedish Armed Forces and formally reports to the Government of Sweden, though normally through the minister for defence. The primary responsibilities and duties of the chief of defence (and the charter for the Armed Forces) are prescribed in an ordinance issued by the Government.

The present Chief of Defence, General Michael Claesson, took office on 1 October 2024. His appointment marked the adoption of the title "chief of defence" in English-language usage, in line with NATO terminology.
Ron Southern
Ronald Donald Southern CC CBE AOE (25 July 1930 – 21 January 2016) was a Canadian businessman. He was the founder and chairman of Calgary-based ATCO Group, and the founder of the Spruce Meadows equestrian centre.

In 1947, Southern and his father each invested $2,000 in the original Alberta Trailer Hire Co., which later became ATCO.  Southern received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Alberta in 1953 and began to work full-time for the company. He passed the title of chairman, president and chief executive officer to his daughter, Nancy Southern, in January 2000. As of 2024 the Southern family still control ATCO.

Alberta Order of Excellence
The Alberta Order of Excellence is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Alberta. Instituted in 1979 when Lieutenant Governor Frank C. Lynch-Staunton granted royal assent to the Alberta Order of Excellence Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Alberta residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Canadian Crown in right of Alberta.
West Loch Lomond Cycle Path
The West Loch Lomond Cycle Path is a cycle path that runs from Arrochar and Tarbet railway station, at the upper end of Loch Lomond in Scotland, to Balloch railway station, at the bottom of the loch.  It was officially opened on 20 June 2006 by Tavish Scott, when he was Minister for Transport and Telecommunications.

The path is about 28 km (17 mi) long and runs along the west bank of Loch Lomond, between the west bank of the loch and the busy A82 road.

Arrochar and Tarbet railway station
Arrochar and Tarbet railway station is a railway station on the West Highland Line in Scotland. It stands at the western (Arrochar) end of Tarbet. It is sited 19 miles 45 chains (31.5 km) from Craigendoran Junction, near Helensburgh, between Ardlui and Garelochhead. ScotRail manage the station and operate most services, with others provided by Caledonian Sleeper.
Chinnadana Nee Kosam
Chinnadana Nee Kosam (transl. A little donation for you) is a Telugu-language romantic comedy film written and directed by A. Karunakaran. The film features Nithiin and Mishti, marking the latter's debut in Telugu cinema. The film's title was taken from a song in Nithin's 2012 film Ishq. The film was produced by Nithin's father N. Sudhakar Reddy and sister Nikhita Reddy under the banner Sresht Movies. Harsha Vardhan wrote the film's dialogues. Anup Rubens composed the film's soundtrack and background score. I. Andrew and Prawin Pudi were the film's cinematographer and editor respectively.

Production began on 21 May 2014. Principal photography began on 2 June 2014. The film released on 25 December 2014 with mixed reviews and was moderately successful.

Ishq (2012 film)
Ishq (transl. Love) is a 2012 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Vikram Kumar. The film was produced by Vikram Goud under Shresht Movies banner. The film features Nithiin and Nithya Menen in the lead roles with Ajay and Sindhu Tolani in pivotal roles. Cinematography for the film was handled by P. C. Sreeram and the music was composed by Anup Rubens.

Ishq was released on 24 February 2012 to positive reviews and became one of the highest-grossing films of 2012. The film won the Nandi Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film. It was only commercial success movie of actor Nithin in last 7 years after Sye (2004).

It has been remade in Odia as Akhire Akhire (2014), in Bengali (Bangladesh) as Love Station (2014), in Bengali (India) as Aashiqui (2015), and in Tamil as Uyire Uyire (2016).
Mylliem Assembly constituency
Mylliem is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya state in India. It is part of East Khasi Hills district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. It falls under Shillong Lok Sabha constituency and its current MLA is Ronnie V. Lyngdoh of NPP.

East Khasi Hills district
East Khasi Hills district is an administrative district in the state of Meghalaya in India. The district headquarters are located at Shillong. The district occupies an area of 2,748 km2 and has a population of 825,922 (as of 2011). As of 2011, it is the most populous of Meghalaya's 12 districts.
Give-n-Take
Give-n-Take is an American television game show which ran on CBS from September 8 to November 28, 1975. Jim Lange hosted, with Johnny Jacobs announcing. The series, which replaced Spin-Off (also hosted by Lange and announced by Jacobs), ended after 60 episodes.

Spin-Off (American game show)
Spin-Off is an American game show created and produced by Nick Nicholson and E. Roger Muir for CBS in 1975 that was based on the dice game Yahtzee. The series was hosted by Jim Lange and announced by Johnny Jacobs. The show replaced The Joker's Wild on CBS' daytime schedule and debuted on June 16, 1975, but was cancelled after 12 weeks on September 5, 1975. Spin-Off originated in Studios 31, 33 and 41 at Television City in Hollywood, California.

The theme song was remixed in another Nicholson-Muir game show Super Pay Cards.
Epidemiology of domestic violence
Domestic violence occurs across the world, in various cultures, and affects people across society, at all levels of economic status; however, indicators of lower socioeconomic status (such as unemployment and low income) have been shown to be risk factors for higher levels of domestic violence in several studies. In the United States, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 1995, women reported a six times greater rate of intimate partner violence than men. However, studies have found that men are much less likely to report victimization in these situations.

While some sources state that gay and lesbian couples experience domestic violence at the same frequency as heterosexual couples, other sources report that domestic violence rates among gay, lesbian and bisexual people might be higher but more under-reported.

Victimisation
Victimisation (or victimization) is the state or process of being victimised or becoming a victim. The field that studies the process, rates, incidence, effects, and prevalence of victimisation is called victimology.
K. Avukader Kutty Naha
K. Avukader Kutty Naha (1920–1988) was an Indian politician and social worker who served as the Minister of Local Administration in various Kerala Governments from 1968 to 1979. As an Indian Union Muslim League minister in the 1967–1969 Namboodiripad ministry, Naha oversaw the creation of the Malappuram District in central Kerala (1969). Naha, with minister M. N. Govindan Nair and official C. K. Kochukoshy, also devised the 'One Lakh Houses' scheme in Kerala (1970–1977 Achutha Menon ministry).

Naha was later appointed the Deputy Chief Minister of Kerala (1983–1987) under United Democratic Front Chief Minister K. Karunakaran. He was the Indian Union Muslim League representative to the Kerala Legislative Assembly from Tirurangadi Assembly Constituency (1957–1987).

Naha was born in February 1920 to Kunhikoyamutty Haji. He was married to P. K. Kunhibeebi Umma. He is the father of the former Kerala state Education Minister P. K. Abdu Rabb (2011–2016).

C. Achutha Menon
Chelat Achutha Menon (13 January 1913 – 16 August 1991) was an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 4th Chief Minister of Kerala from November 1969 to August 1970 and again from October 1970 to 1977. He is viewed as one of the most influential Chief Ministers of Kerala.
1926 International Lawn Tennis Challenge America Zone
The America Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1926 International Lawn Tennis Challenge.

5 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Final against the winner of the Europe Zone. Japan defeated Cuba in the final, and went on to face France in the Inter-Zonal Final.

1926 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1926 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the 21st edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. 19 teams would enter the Europe Zone, while 5 would enter the America Zone.

France defeated Japan in the Inter-Zonal play-off, but would fall to the United States in a rematch of 1925's Challenge Round. The final was played at the Germantown Cricket Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States on 9–11 September.
Matthew Denn
Matthew P. Denn (born February 9, 1966) is an American lawyer and politician from New Castle County, Delaware. He served as the 45th attorney general of Delaware from 2015 until 2019. Denn previously served as the 25th lieutenant governor of Delaware from 2009 to 2015, and was the Insurance Commissioner of Delaware from 2005 to 2009. After leaving public office, Denn joined the global law firm DLA Piper as Managing Partner of the firm's Wilmington office.

Lieutenant Governor of Delaware
The lieutenant governor of Delaware is the second-ranking executive officer of the U.S. state of Delaware. Lieutenant governors are elected for a term of four years in the same general election as the U.S. president, and assume the office on the third Tuesday in January following their election.

Among the primary responsibilities of the lieutenant governor is to assume the governorship in the event it becomes vacant. Lieutenant governors serve as the president of the Delaware Senate, where they are tasked with casting tie-breaking votes. They also hold a seat on the Delaware Board of Pardons.

Lieutenant governors are elected separately from governors in Delaware, though historically nominees of the same party have run as a unified ticket. The office's current occupant, Kyle Evans Gay, was sworn in on January 21, 2025.
Grinnell System
The Grinnell System, sometimes referred to as The System, is a fast-tempo style of basketball developed by coach David Arseneault at Grinnell College. It is a variation of the run-and-gun system popularized by coach Paul Westhead at Loyola Marymount University in the early 1980s. The Grinnell System relies on shooting three-point field goals, applying constant pressure with a full-court press, and substituting players frequently.

Full-court press
A full-court press is a basketball term for a defensive style in which the defense applies pressure to the offensive team the entire length of the court before and after the inbound pass. Pressure may be applied man-to-man, or via a zone press using a zone defense. Some presses attempt to deny the initial inbounds pass and trap ball handlers either in the backcourt or at midcourt.

Defenses not employing a full-court press generally allow the offensive team to get halfway down the court (a half-court press) or near the basket before applying strong defensive pressure.
WAW (EP)
WAW (an acronym for Where Are We) is the eleventh extended play by South Korean girl group Mamamoo. The EP was released on June 2, 2021 by RBW and distributed by Kakao Entertainment. WAW follows their 2020 Korean top-five EP Travel and is the first part of the group's 'WAW (Where Are We)' project, set to consist of the new album, concert, and documentary about the group. It contains four new songs, including the lead single "Where Are We Now".

Travel (Mamamoo EP)
Travel (stylized in all caps) is the tenth extended play by South Korean girl group Mamamoo. It was released by RBW on November 3, 2020, and distributed by Kakao M. It contains six songs, including pre-released single "Dingga" and the second single "Aya".
2011 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2011 Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts was the 2011 edition of the Ontario provincial women's curling championship. It was held January 24–30 at the Thornhill Golf and Country Club in Thornhill, Ontario. The winning team of Rachel Homan represented Ontario at the 2011 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. The team finished round robin play with a record of 8-3, where they defeated Nova Scotia in the 3-4 page playoff game, but were unsuccessful in the semi-final losing against Saskatchewan, and then losing the Bronze Medal Game to team Nova Scotia.

Thornhill, Ontario
Thornhill is a suburban district in the Regional Municipality of York in Ontario, Canada.  The western portion of Thornhill is within the City of Vaughan  and its eastern portion is within the City of Markham, with Yonge Street forming the boundary between Vaughan and Markham. Thornhill is situated along the northern border of Toronto, centred on Yonge, and is also immediately south of the City of Richmond Hill. Once a police village, Thornhill is still a postal designation. As of 2016, its total population, including both its Vaughan and Markham sections, was 112,719.
Elmer H. Salzman
Elmer Henry Salzman (June 12, 1902 – September 24, 1958) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. He is most noted for his work as chief of staff, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing under Lieutenant General Francis P. Mulcahy and later as chief of staff, Marine Air, West Coast under same commander. Salzman won Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat, while in Nicaragua with 2nd Marine Brigade.

Francis P. Mulcahy
Francis Patrick Mulcahy CBE (March 9, 1894 – December 11, 1973) was a general and commander in the United States Marine Corps during World War II.  Mulcahy commanded the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing, the Cactus Air Force, and the Tactical Air Force, Tenth Army.
Ruby Rees
Ruby Rees, also known as Ruby Rees-Wemyss, is an Australian actress, director and writer. She is best known for playing “Edith” a main character in Picnic at Hanging Rock, in 2018, alongside Natalie Dormer and Samara Weaving.

Samara Weaving
Samara Weaving (born 23 February 1992) is an Australian actress and model. She gained attention for her work in Australian television, appearing on the series Out of the Blue (2008) and receiving an AACTA Award nomination for playing Indi Walker on the soap opera Home and Away (2009–2013). She appeared in a recurring role in the first season of the series Ash vs Evil Dead (2015).

Weaving starred in the horror films Mayhem and The Babysitter, and received ensemble awards for the drama film Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (all 2017). She gained wide recognition for leading the dark comedy horror film Ready or Not (2019), which established her as a scream queen and leading actress. She also starred in the sci-fi film Bill & Ted Face the Music, the horror comedy film The Babysitter: Killer Queen (both 2020), the slasher film Scream VI (2023), the action horror film Azrael (2024), and the thriller film Borderline (2025).
Gualtieri
Gualtieri (Mantovano: Gualtēr) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Reggio Emilia, in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Reggio Emilia on the right bank of the Po river. Historically, it suffered numerous floods, the last occurring in 1951. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Behavior of nuclear fuel during a reactor accident
This page describes how uranium dioxide nuclear fuel behaves during both normal nuclear reactor operation and under reactor accident conditions, such as overheating. Work in this area is often very expensive to conduct, and so has often been performed on a collaborative basis between groups of countries, usually under the aegis of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI).

Uranium dioxide
Uranium dioxide or uranium(IV) oxide (UO2), also known as urania or uranous oxide, is an oxide of uranium, and is a black, radioactive, crystalline powder that naturally occurs in the mineral uraninite. It is used in nuclear fuel rods in nuclear reactors. A mixture of uranium and plutonium dioxides is used as MOX fuel. It has been used as an orange, yellow, green, and black color in ceramic glazes and glass.
Beach evolution
Beach evolution is a natural process occurring along shorelines where sea, lake, or river water erodes the land. Beaches form as sand accumulates over centuries through recurrent processes that erode rocky and sedimentary material into sand deposits. River deltas contribute by depositing silt carried from upriver, accreting at the river's outlet to extend lake or ocean shorelines. Catastrophic events such as tsunamis, hurricanes, and storm surges accelerate beach evolution.

Accretion (coastal management)
Accretion is the process of coastal sediment returning to the visible portion of a beach or foreshore after a submersion event. A sustainable beach or foreshore often goes through a cycle of submersion during rough weather and later accretion during calmer periods.

If a coastline is not in a healthy sustainable state, erosion can be more serious, and accretion does not fully restore the original volume of the visible beach or foreshore, which leads to permanent beach loss.
M4 (Pretoria)
The M4 road is a metropolitan route in the City of Tshwane in Gauteng, South Africa. It connects Pretoria with Hartbeespoort. The route is a toll road, with two tollgates on the freeway section between Pretoria West and Hartbeespoort (one at either end).

For its entire length, it is parallel to the R104 road, which also connects Pretoria with Hartbeespoort.

Metropolitan routes in Pretoria
The City of Tshwane (Pretoria metropolitan area) like most South African metropolitan areas uses metropolitan or "M" routes for important intra-city routes, a layer below national (N) roads and regional (R) roads. Each city's M roads are independently numbered.
Nayaka dynasties
The Nayaka dynasties refers to a group of Hindu dynasties who emerged during the Kakatiya dynasty and the Vijayanagara Empire period in South India. Many of these dynasties, such as the Madurai Nayaks and the Thanjavur Nayaks, were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire, who, after the Battle of Talikota, declared themselves independent and established their own polities.

Madurai Nayak dynasty
The Madurai Nayaks were a Telugu dynasty who ruled most of modern-day Tamil Nadu, India, with Madurai as their capital. The Madurai Nayaks had their origins in the Balija warrior clans of present-day Andhra Pradesh. The Nayak reign which lasted for over two centuries from around 1529 to 1736 was noted for its achievements in arts, cultural and administrative reforms, revitalization of temples previously ransacked by the Delhi Sultans, and the inauguration of a unique architectural style. It was founded by Vishwanatha Nayaka.

The dynasty consisted of 13 rulers, of whom nine were kings, two were queens, and two were joint-kings. The most notable among them were king Tirumala Nayaka and queen Rani Mangammal. Foreign trade was conducted mainly with the Dutch and the Portuguese, as the British and the French had not yet made inroads into the region.
Kongo languages
The Kongo languages are a clade of Bantu languages, coded Zone H.10 in Guthrie's classification, that are spoken by the Bakongo:

Beembe (Pangwa, Doondo, Kamba, Gangala), Ndingi, Kunyi, Mboka, Kongo, Western Kongo, Laari (Laadi), Vili, Yombe, Suundi

Bembe language (Kibembe)
Bembe (Kibembe or Kibeembe) is a Bantu language spoken primarily in the Republic of Congo. It is closely related to Kikongo and forms part of the Kongo language cluster.

It should not be confused with the Bembe language (Ibembe) spoken in Congo-Kinshasa and Tanzania.

Maho (2009) considers Beembe, Kamba-Doondo, and Gangala (or Hangala, Gaangala, Haangala) to be distinct languages.
Dan Jarvis
Daniel Owen Woolgar Jarvis (born 30 November 1972) is a British politician and former Army officer who has served as Minister of State for Security since 2024, and as Minister of State in the Cabinet Office since 2025. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Barnsley North, formerly Barnsley Central, since 2011. A member of the Labour and Co-operative Party, he was Mayor of South Yorkshire, formerly Sheffield City Region, from 2018 to 2022. Jarvis served as an officer in the Parachute Regiment from 1997 to 2011.

Mayor of South Yorkshire
The Mayor of South Yorkshire is a combined authority mayor, first elected in May 2018, who chairs the South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority. The office is currently held by Oliver Coppard.

The office was created under the Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016 which allowed for the creation of 'Metro mayors' to lead combined authorities in England. Between 2018 and September 2021, the office was known as the "Mayor of the Sheffield City Region". The next election will take place in 2028.