hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ligaments of malleus
The ligaments of malleus are three ligaments that attach the malleus in the middle ear. They are the anterior, lateral and superior ligaments.

The anterior ligament of the malleus also known as Casserio's ligament  is a fibrous band that extends from the neck of the malleus just above its anterior process to the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity close to the petrotympanic fissure. Some of the fibers also pass through the fissure to the spine of sphenoid bone.

The lateral ligament of the malleus is a triangular fibrous band that crosses from the posterior aspect of the tympanic notch to the head or neck of the malleus.

The superior ligament of the malleus is a delicate fibrous strand that crosses from the roof of the tympanic cavity to the head of the malleus.

Petrotympanic fissure
The petrotympanic fissure (also known as the glaserian fissure) is a fissure in the temporal bone that runs from the temporomandibular joint to the tympanic cavity.

The mandibular fossa is bounded, in front, by the articular tubercle; behind, by the tympanic part of the bone, which separates it from the external acoustic meatus; it is divided into two parts by a narrow slit, the petrotympanic fissure.

It opens just above and in front of the ring of bone into which the tympanic membrane is inserted; in this situation it is a mere slit about 2 mm. in length. It lodges the anterior process and anterior ligament of the malleus, and gives passage to the anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary artery.
Ludgershall (UK Parliament constituency)
Ludgershall was a parliamentary borough in Wiltshire, England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act.

Ludgershall is a town 16 miles (26 km) north-east of Salisbury. The population was 535 in 1831.

Ludgershall, Wiltshire
Ludgershall (/ˈlʌɡərʃɔːl/ LUG-ər-shawl, with a hard g) is a town and civil parish 16 miles (26 km) north east of Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. It is on the A342 road between Devizes and Andover. The parish includes Faberstown which is contiguous with Ludgershall, and the hamlet of Biddesden which lies 2 miles (3.2 km) to the east, on the border with Hampshire.
John Henry Wigmore
John Henry Wigmore (1863–1943) was an American lawyer and legal scholar known for his expertise in the law of evidence and for his influential scholarship.  Wigmore taught law at Keio University in Tokyo (1889–1892) before becoming the first full-time dean of Northwestern Law School (1901–1929).  His scholarship is best remembered for his Treatise on the Anglo-American System of Evidence in Trials at Common Law (1904), often simply called Wigmore on Evidence, and a graphical analysis method known as a Wigmore chart. He served as the second president of the American Association of University Professors.

Annual Bulletin (Comparative Law Bureau)
The Annual Bulletin of the Comparative Law Bureau of the American Bar Association (ABA) was a U.S. specialty law journal (1908–1914, 1933). The first comparative law journal in the United States, it surveyed foreign legislation and legal literature. Circulated to all ABA members, it was absorbed in 1915 by the newly formed American Bar Association Journal.
The Man Who Had His Hair Cut Short
The Man Who Had His Hair Cut Short (Dutch: De man die zijn haar kort liet knippen) is a 1947 novel by the Flemish writer Johan Daisne. It tells the story of a teacher at a girls' school who falls in love with one of his students; he moves from the town to Brussels and changes profession in order to avoid her, and slowly begins to grow insane. The novel was published in English in 1965, translated by S. J. Sackett. It was adapted into a 1966 film with the same title directed by André Delvaux.

André Delvaux
André Albert Auguste Delvaux (French: [dɛlvo]; 21 March 1926 – 4 October 2002) was a Belgian film director. He co-founded the film school INSAS in 1962 and is regarded as the founder of the Belgian national cinema. Adapting works by writers such as Johan Daisne, Julien Gracq and Marguerite Yourcenar, he received international attention for directing magic realist films.

Delvaux received the Louis Delluc Prize for Rendezvous at Bray (1971) and the André Cavens Award for Woman Between Wolf and Dog (1979) and The Abyss (1988). The king of Belgium made him a baron in 1996. The Académie André Delvaux is named after him and he posthumously received the first Honorary Magritte Award in 2011.
Kada Line
The Kada Line (加太線, Kada-sen) is a railway line in Wakayama Prefecture owned by Nankai Electric Railway. This line connects to the Nankai Main Line. In November 2014, it began to be referred to by the nickname Kada Sakana Line (加太さかな線).

Nankai Electric Railway
Nankai Electric Railway Co., Ltd. (南海電気鉄道株式会社, Nankai denki tetsudō kabushiki gaisha) is a private railway in Japan, founded in 1884. The name Nankai (which means "South Sea") comes from the company's routes along the Nankaidō, the old highway that ran south from the old capital, Kyoto, along the sea coast. Nankai predates all the electric railways in the Tokyo region.

The Nankai network branches out in a generally southern direction from Namba Station in Osaka. The Nankai Main Line connects Osaka to Wakayama, with an important spur branching to Kansai International Airport. The rapi:t α express connects Kansai International Airport to Namba in 34 minutes, while the rapi:t β takes 39 minutes with two additional stops. The Koya Line connects Osaka to Mt. Koya, headquarters of the Buddhist Shingon sect and a popular pilgrimage site. IC cards (PiTaPa and ICOCA) are accepted.
My Home (Dvořák)
My Home (Czech: Můj domov, předehra ke hře F. F. Šamberka), Op. 62, B. 125a, is an overture in C major by Czech composer Antonín Dvořák. He wrote this symphonic poem between December 1881 and January 23 of the next year as one of nine numbers comprising incidental music for the play Josef Kajetán Tyl by František Ferdinand Šamberk, but it is usually performed alone as a concert work of about ten minutes.

The score’s sonata form develops two song-themes associated with the drama’s titular protagonist, himself a Czech playwright: Kde domov můj by František Škroup and the folktune Na tom našem dvoře. Škroup composed Kde domov můj (Where my home is) in 1834 to a text by Tyl; it soon became popular and eventually became the Czech national anthem. Na tom našem dvoře was customarily sung in productions of Strakonický dudák (The Bagpiper of Strakonice), one of Tyl's most popular plays.

Kde domov můj
"Kde domov můj" (pronounced [ɡdɛ ˈdomof muːj] ⓘ), translated into English as "Where My Home Is", is the national anthem of the Czech Republic, composed by František Škroup and written by Josef Kajetán Tyl. It was also the first, Czech part, of the national anthem of the former Czechoslovakia.
2024 Pakistan Super League
The 2024 Pakistan Super League, also known as PSL 9 and branded as HBL PSL 9, was the ninth edition of the Pakistan Super League. Established by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) in 2015 as a professional franchise Twenty20 cricket league, it was played between six teams in a double round robin and page playoff system. The matches were held in four cities across Pakistan from 17 February to 18 March 2024.

The Lahore Qalandars, the two-time defending champions, were eliminated in the group stage with last position. In the final, Islamabad United defeated Multan Sultans by 2 wickets, becoming the first team to win a third PSL title. A Sports was the official broadcaster for the season. Babar Azam and Usama Mir respectively achieved the awards for most runs and most wickets, while Shadab Khan was named Player of the Tournament.

Lahore Qalandars
Lahore Qalandars is a Pakistani professional cricket franchise that competes in the Pakistan Super League, representing the city of Lahore, the capital of Punjab. The team plays its home matches at Gaddafi Stadium and is owned by the Rana brothers.

Formed in 2015, Lahore Qalandars was the second-most expensive franchise sold during the inaugural PSL team auction and one of the few purchased by an international group. The team struggled in its early seasons, finishing at the bottom of the table five times, but later emerged as one of the league's most successful teams, winning titles in 2022, 2023, and 2025.

The team is currently captained by Shaheen Afridi and coached by Russell Domingo. Fakhar Zaman is the team’s leading run-scorer, while Shaheen Afridi is the leading wicket-taker.
Issia Department
Issia Department is a department of Haut-Sassandra Region in Sassandra-Marahoué District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 410,628 and its seat is the settlement of Issia. The sub-prefectures of the department are Boguédia, Iboguhé, Issia, Nahio, Namané, Saïoua, and Tapéguia.

Nahio
Nahio is a town in west-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Issia Department in Haut-Sassandra Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District.

Nahio was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Nahio was 27,034.
Data validation
In computing, data validation or input validation is the process of ensuring data has undergone data cleansing to confirm it has data quality, that is, that it is both correct and useful. It uses routines, often called "validation rules", "validation constraints", or "check routines", that check for correctness, meaningfulness, and security of data that are input to the system. The rules may be implemented through the automated facilities of a data dictionary, or by the inclusion of explicit application program validation logic of the computer and its application.

This is distinct from formal verification, which attempts to prove or disprove the correctness of algorithms for implementing a specification or property.

Data dictionary
A data dictionary, or metadata repository, as defined in the IBM Dictionary of Computing, is a "centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format". Oracle defines it as a collection of tables with metadata. The term can have one of several closely related meanings pertaining to databases and database management systems (DBMS):

A document describing a database or collection of databases

An integral component of a DBMS that is required to determine its structure

A piece of middleware that extends or supplants the native data dictionary of a DBMS
Kairi Chanel
Kairi Chanel is the tenth mixtape by American hip hop recording artist Dave East. It was released on September 30, 2016, by Mass Appeal Records. The mixtape features guest appearances from 2 Chainz, Sevyn Streeter, Fabolous, Cam'ron, Beanie Sigel, Jazzy Amra and The Game. Kairi Chanel was named after East's daughter.

Mass Appeal Records
Mass Appeal Records is an American independent record label founded in 2014. The label is the music division of the Mass Appeal Media Group. In May 2014, it was announced that American rapper Nas was launching an indie label with Mass Appeal with Peter Bittenbender of company Decon.

Since its inception, the label has put out releases including the singles "Old English” from Young Thug, Freddie Gibbs, and ASAP Ferg, as well as Jay Electronica's "Exhibit C"; albums such as Fashawn's The Ecology, Pimp C's Long Live the Pimp, and J Dilla's The Diary, and mixtapes, such as Dave East's Hate Me Now.
Gregorowce
Gregorowce [ɡrɛɡɔˈrɔft͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orla, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

It is in one of five Polish/Belarusian bilingual Gmina in Podlaskie Voivodeship regulated by the Act of 6 January 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Languages, which permits certain gminas with significant linguistic minorities to introduce a second, auxiliary language to be used in official contexts alongside Polish.

Gmina Orla
Gmina Orla [ˈɔrla] (Belarusian: Гміна Орля) is a rural gmina (Polish: gmina wiejska) in Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is located in north-eastern Poland.

It is one of five Polish/Belarusian bilingual Gmina in Podlaskie Voivodeship regulated by the Act of 6 January 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Languages, which permits certain gminas with significant linguistic minorities to introduce a second, auxiliary language to be used in official contexts alongside Polish.
Rock City, New York
41°58′14″N 73°49′15″W﻿ / ﻿41.97051°N 73.82094°W﻿ / 41.97051; -73.82094
Rock City is a hamlet and populated place in Dutchess County, New York, United States. It is located at the intersection of New York State Route 199 and Route 308, where the towns of Milan, Red Hook, and Rhinebeck meet.

Milan, New York
Milan (/ˈmaɪlɪn/ MY-lin) is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 2,245, slightly down from 2,370 in 2010. Milan is located approximately 90 miles (140 km) north of New York City, 60 miles (97 km) south of Albany, and 150 miles (240 km) west of Boston. It is bordered by Rhinebeck and Red Hook to the west, Pine Plains to the east, Stanford to the southeast, Clinton to the south, and Gallatin to the north by Columbia County. The only major route in the town is the historic Taconic State Parkway, though NY 199 serves as the main local thoroughfare.
Brownlee Dam
Brownlee Dam is a hydroelectric earth fill embankment dam in the western United States, on the Snake River along the Idaho-Oregon border (Washington County, Idaho in and Baker County in Oregon). In Hells Canyon at river mile 285, it impounds the Snake River in the 58-mile-long (93 km) Brownlee Reservoir.

Washington County, Idaho
Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,500. The county seat and largest city is Weiser, with over half of the county's population. The county was established in 1879 when Idaho was a territory and named after U.S. President George Washington.
5 Live Report
5 Live Report was a weekly investigative programme on BBC Radio 5 Live.  It was broadcast live at 11 a.m. on Sundays as part of the Julian Worricker programme, and a recorded half-hour documentary was broadcast on Sundays, schedule permitting.

Most reports were produced by the BBC's Radio Current Affairs department, with a sizeable contribution by the independent company All Out Productions, and occasional productions by BBC Northern Ireland.

The reports have been criticised by Elisabeth Mahoney of The Guardian for sometimes feeling "too much like sensation and too little like substance".

Julian Worricker
Julian Gordon Worricker (born 6 January 1963 in Woking, Surrey) is an English journalist, currently working as one of the main presenters of Weekend on the BBC World Service, as stand-in presenter of Any Answers on BBC Radio 4, and as a relief presenter on The Media Show which is also seen on BBC News, the corporation's 24-hour rolling news channel. He also presented You and Yours on BBC Radio 4 until leaving in October 2013.
Carmen Jordá
Carmen Jordá Buades (born 28 May 1988) is a Spanish motor racing driver. From 2015 to 2017, she was a development driver for the Lotus and Renault Sport Formula One teams. Her appointment by Lotus saw her become just the eleventh woman in history to be part of a Formula 1 team's driver line-up.

Jordá has competed in other motor racing series such as GP3, Indy Lights and the Le Mans Series.

Jordá was born in Alcoy, Spain and currently resides in Valencia, Spain.

Alcoy, Spain
Alcoy or Alcoi (officially: Alcoi / Alcoy) is a city and municipality located in the Valencian Community, Spain. The Serpis river crosses the municipal boundary of Alcoy. The local authority reported a population of 61,135 residents in 2018.
Make Believe Stories
The Make Believe Stories series, begun in 1918 under the pseudonym of Laura Lee Hope (best known for the Bobbsey Twins series), consisted of 12 books.  The final book was published in 1923, while the series continued to be printed in different versions for years to come.  It is highly likely that Lilian Garis and her husband Howard R. Garis were responsible for the writing of these books for the Stratemeyer Syndicate, although other syndicate authors may have been involved.

Laura Lee Hope
Laura Lee Hope is a pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate for the Bobbsey Twins and several other series of children's novels. Actual writers taking up the pen of Laura Lee Hope include Edward Stratemeyer, Howard and Lilian Garis, Elizabeth Ward, Harriet (Stratemeyer) Adams, Andrew E. Svenson, June M. Dunn, Grace Grote and Nancy Axelrad.

Laura Lee Hope was first used as a pseudonym in 1904 for the debut of the Bobbsey Twins.
Nils Kåre Jacobsen
Nils Kåre Jacobsen (20 February 1929 – 30 October 2008) was a Norwegian publisher.

He was born in Bergen to Oscar Jacobsen and Ragna Walde, and married Berit Scherven in 1957. He died in Bærum in 2008.

Jacobsen graduated from the Norwegian School of Economics in 1951. He was manager of the publishing house Gyldendal Norsk Forlag from 1990 to 1995. He was member of the board of the Norwegian Publishers' Association  from 1962 to 1972, and from 1990 to 1995. He was chairman of the board of De norske Bokklubbene, Kunnskapsforlaget and Tiden Norsk Forlag. Among his books are Med Rieber gjennom 75 år (1954), Bak kobberdøren. Gyldendal 1925–1975 from 1975, and biographies on Sigurd Hoel, Harald Grieg and Agnar Mykle.

Gyldendal Norsk Forlag
Gyldendal Norsk Forlag AS, commonly referred to as Gyldendal N.F. and in Norway often only as Gyldendal, is one of the largest  Norwegian publishing houses. It was founded in 1925 after buying rights to publications from the Danish publishing house Gyldendal, which the company also takes it name from.
Madison County Schools (Kentucky)
The Madison County School District is a public school district based in Richmond, Kentucky (USA). In addition to Richmond and Berea, the district serves the communities of Kingston, Kirksville, Waco, and all rural areas in Madison County.

Waco, Kentucky
Waco is an unincorporated community located in Madison County, Kentucky, United States. There are less than 3,000 living arrangements and  The community is part of the Richmond–Berea Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 52 and Kentucky Route 977, and is located between Madison and Estill County. Waco consists of small towns and roads including the most well-known Elliston, College Hill, and Bybee. The Kentucky River runs through College Hill Road with a boat accessible ramp.
Saunders County Courthouse
The Saunders County Courthouse is a historic building in Wahoo, Nebraska, and the courthouse of Saunders County, Nebraska. It was built in 1904, and it was designed in the Renaissance Revival style by Fisher & Lawrie, an architectural firm based in Omaha. Architectural finishes include "Ornate, rich, dark woodwork (pediments with dentils, fluted Corinthian pilasters, paneling), stained glass (stylized organic patterns and geometric shapes), plasterwork (swags and wreaths, beams, dentils, acanthus consoles, moulding, Ionic capitals), marble in two colors (wainscoting, mopboard, stair treads), floor tile (in halls, of an elaborate pattern in six colors), brass newels (with urns and Ionic capitals)." It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 10, 1990.

Mendelssohn, Fisher and Lawrie
Mendelssohn, Fisher and Lawrie was a significant architecture firm in early Omaha, Nebraska.  Fisher & Lawrie continued.  A number of their works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
U.S. Route 52 in Minnesota
U.S. Highway 52 (US 52) enters the state of Minnesota at the unincorporated community of Prosper, north of the town of Burr Oak, Iowa. The route is marked north–south in Minnesota along its independent segment from the Iowa state line to downtown St. Paul. US 52 is not signed along the length of its concurrency with Interstate 94 (I-94) from downtown St. Paul to the North Dakota state line at Moorhead and Fargo.

Rochester, Minnesota
Rochester is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States. It is the county seat. It is located along rolling bluffs on the Zumbro River's south fork in Southeast Minnesota. The population was 121,395 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 123,624 in 2024, making it the third-most populous city in Minnesota. The Rochester metropolitan area has an estimated 230,000 residents. The city is the home and birthplace of Mayo Clinic.

Rochester first developed as a stagecoach stop between Dubuque, Iowa, and Saint Paul, Minnesota. With the creation of the Mayo Clinic in 1864, Rochester became a national center for healthcare, as well as a hub for regional agriculture.  For higher education needs the University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester Community and Technical College, and Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine are located in the city.
Carlo D'Este
Carlo Winthrop D'Este (August 29, 1936 – November 22, 2020) was an American military historian and biographer, author of several books, especially on World War II. He was a decorated U.S. Army lieutenant colonel. In 2011, he was awarded the Pritzker Literature Award for Lifetime Achievement in Military Writing. D'Este died at age 84 in Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

Pritzker Military Museum & Library
The Pritzker Military Museum & Library (formerly Pritzker Military Library) is a non-profit museum and research library for the study of military history located in a state-of-the art facility in Kenosha, WI. The institution was founded in 2003, and its specialist collections include material relating to Winston Churchill and war-related sheet music.
Falls Creek Alpine Resort
The Falls Creek Alpine Resort is an alpine ski resort in the Hume region in northeastern Victoria, Australia. It is located in the Alpine National Park in the Victorian Alps, approximately 350 kilometres (220 miles) by road from Melbourne, with the nearest town being Mount Beauty, which is approximately 30 km (20 mi) away. The resort lies between an elevation of 1,500 and 1,830 m (4,921 and 6,004 ft) above sea level, with the highest lifted point at 1,780 m (5,840 ft). Skiing is possible on the nearby peak of Mount McKay at 1,842 m (6,043 ft), accessed by snowcat from the resort.

The resort is an unincorporated area, directly administered by the government of Victoria, and surrounded by the Alpine Shire.

Alpine National Park
The Alpine National Park is a national park located in the Central Highlands and Alpine regions of Victoria, Australia. The 646,000-hectare (1,600,000-acre) national park is located northeast of Melbourne. It is the largest National Park in Victoria, and covers much of the higher areas of the Great Dividing Range in Victoria, including Victoria's highest point, Mount Bogong at 1,986 metres (6,516 ft) and the associated subalpine woodland and grassland of the Bogong High Plains. The park's north-eastern boundary is along the border with New South Wales, where it abuts the Kosciuszko National Park. On 7 November 2008 the Alpine National Park was added to the Australian National Heritage List as one of eleven areas constituting the Australian Alps National Parks and Reserves.
Nisswa, Minnesota
Nisswa (/ˈnɪswə/ NISS-wə) is a city in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,967 at the 2020 census.  Nisswa is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area, near Gull Lake.

Crow Wing County, Minnesota
Crow Wing County is a county in the East Central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 66,123. Its county seat is Brainerd. The county was formed in 1857, and was organized in 1870.

Crow Wing County is included in the Brainerd, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.