hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative psychology
Quantitative psychology is a field of scientific study that focuses on the mathematical modeling, research design and methodology, and statistical analysis of psychological processes. It includes tests and other devices for measuring cognitive abilities. Quantitative psychologists develop and analyze a wide variety of research methods, including those of psychometrics, a field concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement.

Psychologists have long contributed to statistical and mathematical analysis, and quantitative psychology is now a specialty recognized by the American Psychological Association. Doctoral degrees are awarded in this field in a number of universities in Europe and North America, and quantitative psychologists have been in high demand in industry, government, and academia. Their training in both social science and quantitative methodology provides a unique skill set for solving both applied and theoretical problems in a variety of areas.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
Bács-Bodrog County Palace
The Bács-Bodrog County Palace (Serbian: Палата Бачко-бодрошке жупаније у Сомбору, Palata Bačko-bodroške županije u Somboru), known colloquially as Županija (lit. The County), is a representative building housing the municipal institutions of Sombor, city in the northwest of Vojvodina, Serbia. Historically it was built to house institutions of the Bács-Bodrog County. Due to its heritage value, it is listed as a protected cultural monument of the Republic of Serbia. Its eclectic façade dates back to 1882. The building features a ground floor, two upper floors, and a trapezoidal roof with dormer windows, adorned with four large vases with garlands and a central mandorla.

Bács-Bodrog County
Bács-Bodrog County (Hungarian: Bács-Bodrog vármegye, German: Komitat Batsch-Bodrog, Serbian: Бачко-бодрошка жупанија, romanized: Bačko-bodroška županija) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1802 to 1920. Most of its territory is currently part of Serbia, while a smaller part belongs to Hungary. The capital of the county was Zombor (present-day Sombor).
Serenade for Strings (Tchaikovsky)
Tchaikovsky's Serenade for Strings in C major, Op. 48, was composed in 1880. It was first performed October 30, 1881 in St. Petersburg at a Russian Musical Society concert conducted by Eduard Nápravník.

Eduard Nápravník
Eduard Francevič Naprávnik (Russian: Эдуа́рд Фра́нцевич Напра́вник; 24 August 1839 – 10 November 1916) was a Czech conductor and composer. Nápravník settled in Russian Empire and is best known for his leading role in Russian musical life as the principal conductor of the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg for many decades. In that capacity, he conducted the premieres of many operas by Russian composers, including those by Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov.
Günther Mader
Günther Mader (born 24 June 1964) is a former alpine ski racer and Olympic medalist from Austria. Born in Matrei am Brenner, Tyrol, he is one of only five men to have won World Cup races in all five alpine disciplines (downhill, super-G, giant slalom, slalom, and combined).

Super-G
Super giant slalom, or super-G, is a racing discipline of alpine skiing. Along with the faster downhill, it is regarded as a "speed" event, in contrast to the technical events giant slalom and slalom. It debuted as an official World Cup event during the 1983 season and was added to the official schedule of the World Championships in 1987 and the Winter Olympics in 1988.

Much like downhill, a super-G course consists of widely set gates that racers must pass through. The course is set so that skiers must turn more than in downhill, though the speeds are still much higher than in giant slalom (hence the name). Each athlete only has one run to clock the best time. In the Olympics, super-G courses are usually set on the same slopes as the downhill, but with a lower starting point.
Little Victor
Victor Mac (born Victor Macoggi on January 31, 1967) who is better known as Little Victor,  The Beale Street Blues Bopper, and also DJ Mojo Man, is an Italian-American blues and roots singer, guitarist and harmonica player, as well as a record collector, musicologist, entertainer, disc jockey and record producer. He is best known for his association with Louisiana Red, on the albums Back To The Black Bayou and Memphis Mojo.

R. L. Burnside
R. L. Burnside (November 23, 1926 – September 1, 2005) was an American hill country blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He played music for most of his life but received little recognition until 1995 when Burnside recorded and toured with Jon Spencer, garnering crossover appeal and introducing his music to a new fan base, particularly in the punk and garage rock scenes.
Octav Grigorescu
Octav Grigorescu was a Romanian painter, graphic artist, book illustrator, fine arts professor at the Bucharest National University of Arts (at the time Institul de Arte Plastice "N. Grigorescu"), an important figure in Romanian art. He was the brother of Ion Grigorescu and the husband of the painter Georgeta Năpăruș.

Ion Grigorescu
Ion Grigorescu (born March 15, 1945, in Bucharest) is a Romanian painter who was one of the first Romanian conceptual artists.

Grigorescu is the creator of numerous films, photographic series, and actions recorded on film, as well as drawings and collages.  His subjects include both his private life and the passage of the Romanian people from life under communism to capitalism.
Tembuzi
The Tembuzi dynasty was a legendary African dynasty which are said to have once ruled the Empire of Kitara in modern-day Uganda. It was succeeded by the Chwezi dynasty. Traditions concerning the dynasty vary, recording between four and nineteen kings. Many historians have considered the Tembuzi to be somewhat mythical, although there are some scholars who treat them as historical figures.

Empire of Kitara
Kitara (sometimes spelt as Kittara or Kitwara, also known as the Chwezi Empire) was an ancient legendary state that covered significant parts of western Uganda and is regularly mentioned in the oral traditions of the Banyoro, Batooro, and Banyankole.
Grandis, Inc.
Grandis, Inc. was founded in 2002 by Dr. Paul Nguyen and Bill Almon.  Farhad Tabrizi later joined as CEO. It was backed by venture capital firms such as Sevin Rosen Funds and Matrix Partners to pioneer non-volatile solutions based on Spintronics. The solutions it developed was thin-film memory, which included the invention of spin transfer torque - random access memory (STT-RAM).

Thin-film memory
Thin-film memory is a high-speed alternative to magnetic-core memory developed by Sperry Rand in a government-funded research project.

Instead of threading individual ferrite cores on wires, thin-film memory consisted of 4-micrometer thick dots of permalloy, an iron–nickel alloy, deposited on small glass plates by vacuum evaporation techniques and a mask. The drive and sense lines were then added using printed circuit wiring over the alloy dots. This provided very fast access times in the range of 670 nanoseconds, but was very expensive to produce.

In 1962, the UNIVAC 1107, intended for the civilian marketplace, used thin-film memory only for its 128-word general register stack. Military computers, where cost was less of a concern, used larger amounts of thin-film memory. Thin film was also used in a number of high-speed computer projects, including the high-end of the IBM System/360 line, but general advances in core tended to keep pace.
2018–19 Southern Kings season
In the 2018–19 rugby union season, the Southern Kings participated in the 2018–19 Pro14 competition, their second appearance since joining the competition in 2017–18. They remained in Conference B of the competition, along with Irish sides Leinster and Ulster, Italian side Benetton, Scottish side Edinburgh and Welsh sides Dragons and Scarlets.

2018–19 Pro14
The 2018–19 Pro14 (also known as the Guinness Pro14 for sponsorship reasons) is the eighteenth season of the professional rugby union competition originally known as the Celtic League. It was the second season to be referred to as the Pro14 (the competition was named the Pro12 immediately prior to the addition of two South African teams).

Fourteen teams competed in 2018-19 — four Irish teams: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster; two Italian teams: Benetton and Zebre; two Scottish teams: Edinburgh and Glasgow Warriors; two South African teams: Cheetahs and the Southern Kings; and four Welsh teams: Cardiff Blues, Dragons, Ospreys and Scarlets.

Leinster were the defending champions, having won the 2017–18 final at the Aviva Stadium to take their fifth title in the competition's various iterations and seal a domestic league and European Cup double, becoming only the sixth team to do so and the first from the Pro14.
Catherine Chidgey
Catherine Chidgey (born 8 April 1970) is a New Zealand novelist, short-story writer and university lecturer. She has published nine novels. Her honours include the inaugural Prize in Modern Letters; the Katherine Mansfield Fellowship to Menton, France; Best First Book at both the New Zealand Book Awards and the Commonwealth Writers' Prize (South East Asia and Pacific Region); the Acorn Foundation Fiction Prize at the Ockham New Zealand Book Awards on two occasions; and the Janet Frame Fiction Prize.

Katherine Mansfield Menton Fellowship
The Katherine Mansfield Menton Fellowship, formerly known as the New Zealand Post Katherine Mansfield Prize and the Meridian Energy Katherine Mansfield Memorial Fellowship, is a New Zealand literary award. Named after Katherine Mansfield, one of New Zealand's best-known writers, the award gives winners (known as fellows) funding towards transport to and accommodation in Menton, France, where Mansfield wrote some of her most significant works.
Outer Solar System Origins Survey
The Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) is an astronomical survey and observing program aimed at discovering and tracking trans-Neptunian objects located in the outermost regions of the Solar System beyond the orbit of Neptune. OSSOS is designed in way that observational biases can be characterized, allowing the numbers and orbits of detected objects to be compared using a survey simulator to the populations predicted in dynamical simulations of the emplacement of trans-Neptunian objects. Conducted at the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope at Mauna Kea Observatories (568) in Hawaii, the survey has discovered 39 numbered objects as of 2018, with potentially hundreds more to follow. The survey's first numbered discovery was the object (496315) 2013 GP136 in 2013.

Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope
The Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) is located near the summit of Mauna Kea mountain on Hawaii's Big Island at an altitude of 4,204 meters (13,793 feet), part of the Mauna Kea Observatory. Operational since 1979, the telescope is a Prime Focus/Cassegrain configuration with a usable aperture diameter of 3.58 metres (11.7 ft).

CFHT is currently considering a refurbishment to the facility in the 2020s. The facility would be reconstructed with a new 11-meter telescope to produce the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer, retaining the same base building and infrastructure. First light is expected no earlier than 2029.
Lucien Mettomo
Lucien Mettomo (born 19 April 1977) is a Cameroonian former professional footballer who played as a defender for Tonnerre Yaoundé, Saint-Étienne, Manchester City, Kaiserslautern, Kayseri Erciyesspor and FC Luzern.

He was part of the Cameroon squad at the 2002 World Cup and the 2004 African Nations Cup. He was also part of the victorious 2000 and 2002 African Cup of Nations squads.

2002 African Cup of Nations
The 2002 African Cup of Nations was the 23rd edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the association football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by Mali. Just like in 2000, the field of sixteen teams was split into four groups of four. Cameroon won its fourth championship (repeating as champions), beating Senegal on penalty kicks 3–2 after a goalless draw.
Needing/Getting
"Needing/Getting" is a song by American rock band OK Go, from their 2010 album Of the Blue Colour of the Sky.  A music video, released in February 2012 as an advertisement for Super Bowl XLVI, features the band performing the song by driving a Chevy Sonic through a rally car course, striking musical instruments on the sides of the course with extensions from the car to create the music.

OK Go
OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California. The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass, vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion), and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing original guitarist Andy Duncan.

The band is known for its quirky music videos which are often elaborately choreographed to be filmed in a single long take and make extensive use of practical effects and optical illusions.

The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure. The band's video for "Here It Goes Again" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.
Mandibular incisive canal
The mandibular incisive canal is a bilaterally paired bony canal within the anterior portion of the mandible that extends from the mental foramen  (usually) to near the ipsilateral lateral incisor teeth.

The inferior alveolar nerve splits into its two terminal branches within the mandibular canal: the mental nerve (which exits the mandible through the mental foramen), and the incisive nerve which represents an anterior continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve and continues to course within the mandible in the mandibular incisive canal. The incisive nerve provides innervation to the mandibular first premolar, canine and lateral and central incisors.  The incisive nerve either terminates as nerve endings within the anterior teeth or adjacent bone, or may join nerve endings that enter through the tiny lingual foramen.

The incisive canal is typically found within the middle third of the mandible in an apico-coronal dimension, reaching the midline 18% of the time.

Incisor
Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, whereas armadillos, anteaters and other animals in the superorder Xenarthra have none.
Nawal Kishor Sah
Nawal Kishor Sah Sudi (Nepali: नवल किशोर साह सुडी) is a Nepalese politician who currently serves as the Minister for Women, Children, and Senior Citizens in Nepal. He is a member of the Janata Samajwadi Party and was appointed to this position in July 2024. He previously served as the Minister for Forests and Environment, where he was involved in environmental protection initiatives.

He is also the Deputy Chairman of the People's Socialist Party, Nepal.

A resident of Kankalini Municipality in Saptari, Sudi was elected as a Pratinidhi Sabha member in the 2017 Nepalese provincial elections from Saptari 1. He has described Constitution Day of Nepal, September 19 as a 'black day' for Madhesh.

Hanumannagar Kankalini Municipality
Hanumannagar Kankalini is a municipality of Saptari District in Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. The municipality was established on 19 September 2015 by merging the existing Hanuman Nagar, Joginiya-1, Joginiya-2, Gobargada and Inarwa village development committees (VDCs). Later, Bhardaha, Portaha, Madhawapur, Rampur Malhniya, Malhniya village development committees (VDCs) were added to the existing Hanumannagar Yoginimai Municipality.

The center of the municipality is established in the mid of Hanumannagar Bazaar. After merging the 10 VDCs population it had a total population of 45,734 according to 2011 Nepal census. After the government decision the number of municipalities has reached 217 in Nepal. Thus formed municipality has 14 wards. Jitendra Majhi of Janamat Party was elected as the Mayor of the municipality after the 2022 Nepalese local elections.
IXsystems
iXsystems, Inc. (d/b/a TrueNAS) is a privately owned American computer technology company based in San Jose, California that develops, sells and supports computing and storage products and services. Its principal products are customized open source FreeBSD distributions, including the discontinued desktop operating system TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD), the FreeBSD based file servers and network attached storage systems TrueNAS Core (previously FreeNAS) and TrueNAS Enterprise, and the Linux based TrueNAS SCALE. It also markets hardware platforms for these products, and develops enterprise-scale storage architectures and converged infrastructures. As part of its activities, the company has strong ties to the FreeBSD community, has repeatedly donated hardware and support to fledgling projects within the BSD community, and sponsors and develops development within FreeBSD, as well as being a sponsor and attendee of open-source community events.

Network-attached storage
Network-attached storage (NAS) is a file-level computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients. In this context, the term "NAS" can refer to both the technology and systems involved, or a specialized computer appliance device unit built for such functionality – a NAS appliance or NAS box. NAS contrasts with block-level, storage area networks (SAN) and direct-attached storage (DAS).
Peter Taylor (Australian cricketer)
Peter Laurence Taylor (born 22 August 1956) is a former Australian cricketer who played in 13 Test matches and 83 One Day Internationals between 1987 and 1992. He became a Test match selector for Australia in the late 1990s. Taylor was a part of the Australian team that won their first world title during the 1987 Cricket World Cup.

1987 Cricket World Cup
The 1987 Cricket World Cup (officially known as the Reliance Cup 1987 for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth Cricket World Cup. It was held from 8 October to 8 November 1987 in India and Pakistan – the first such tournament to be held outside England. The one-day format was unchanged from the eight-team 1983 event except for a reduction in the number of overs a team played from 60 to 50, the current standard for all ODIs.

The competition was won, for the first time, by Australia who defeated their arch-rivals England by seven runs in the second-most closely fought World Cup final to date in Kolkata's Eden Gardens stadium. The two host nations, India and Pakistan failed to reach the final, after both being eliminated in the semi-finals. The West Indies failed to live up to expectations and did not advance from the group stage.
Kasta Assembly constituency
Kasta  Assembly constituency is  one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly,  India. It is a part of the Lakhimpur  district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Dhaurahra Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held  in 2012 after the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly  Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed and the constituency was formed  in 2008. The constituency is assigned identification number 143.

Lakhimpur Kheri district
Lakhimpur Kheri district is the largest district in Uttar Pradesh, India, on the border with Nepal.  Its administrative capital is the city of Lakhimpur.

Lakhimpur Kheri district is a part of Lucknow division, with a total area of 7,680 square kilometres (2,970 sq mi). The national government designated Lakhimpur Kheri as a Minority Concentrated District on the basis of 2001 census data, which identifies it as requiring urgent aid to improve living standards and amenities.

Dudhwa National Park,  and Pilibhit Tiger reserve are in Lakhimpur Kheri and are the only national park in Uttar Pradesh. They are home to many rare and endangered species including 65+ Tigers, leopards, swamp deer, hispid hares and Bengal florican.
Nicholas Stoner
Nicholas Stoner (Maryland, Dec. 15, 1762–Caroga, New York, Nov. 26, 1853) was a hunter and trapper in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. He served in the Continental Army in the American Revolution and the American forces in the War of 1812. He is buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery, Gloversville, New York.

Gloversville, New York
Gloversville is a city in the Mohawk Valley region of Upstate New York, United States. The most populous city in Fulton County, it was once the hub of the United States' glovemaking industry, with over 200 manufacturers there and the adjacent city of Johnstown. In 2020, Gloversville had a population of 15,131.
Genoa Joint Laboratories
Genoa Joint Laboratories (GJL) is a scientific research initiative established in 2002 that brings together expertise in electroceramics and electrochemistry. It is a collaborative effort among three Genoa-based institutions: National Research Council - Institute for Energetics and Interphases (CNR-IENI), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering with University of Genova (DICHeP), and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI) at the University of Genova.

University of Genoa
The University of Genoa (Italian: Università di Genova, abbreviated as UniGe), is a public research university. It is one of the largest universities in Italy and it is located in the city of Genoa, on the Italian Riviera in the Liguria region of northwestern Italy. The original university was founded in 1481.
Newcastle railway line
The Newcastle railway line is a branch railway line in the city of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. The line branches off the Main North line at Broadmeadow and travels in an easterly direction through the inner suburbs to Newcastle Interchange, with one intermediate station at Hamilton. Until its curtailment in December 2014, it extended to Newcastle station. NSW TrainLink operates electric passenger train services over this line as part of its Central Coast & Newcastle Line service, and Hunter J set railcars to Maitland and beyond as part of the Hunter Line.

New South Wales Hunter railcar
The Hunter railcars (J sets), are a class of diesel multiple unit (DMU) operated by Sydney Trains on the Hunter Line in New South Wales, Australia. Built by UGL Rail between November 2006 and September 2007, they initially operated for CityRail. The railcars have received only one refurbishment in their years of service. This changed their livery from CityRail, to NSW TrainLink.
De color de rosa
"De color de rosa" (transl. "Pink-Colored" or "Rose-Colored") is a 1986 song written and recorded by Mexican singer Prisma, released via Peerless Records as a single from her album Desde la intimidad. After winning the Mexican national selection, the song went on to represent the country in the OTI Festival 1986, where it ultimately came second. It resurfaced in 2025 after featuring on the Amazon Prime Video series Mentiras, la serie, where it was performed by Belinda.

Peerless Records
Peerless Records was a record label based in Mexico.

Peerless was founded in 1921 in Mexico City by E. Baptista. Early pressings of their gramophone record were made under contract by Gennett Records. By 1933, Peerless was pressing its own records in Mexico.  The Peerless label mostly released popular Mexican music; some popular dance bands and tunes from the United States of America also appeared on Peerless in the 1920s.