hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1964 NFL season
The 1964 NFL season was the 45th regular season of the National Football League. Before the season started, NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle reinstated Green Bay Packers running back Paul Hornung and Detroit Lions defensive tackle Alex Karras, who had been suspended for the 1963 season due to gambling.

Beginning this season, the home team in each game was allowed the option of wearing their white jerseys.  Since 1957, league rules had mandated that the visiting team wear white, and the home team wear colored jerseys.  The NFL also increased the regular season roster limit from 37 to 40 active players, which would remain unchanged for a decade.

The season ended when the Cleveland Browns shut out the Baltimore Colts 27–0 in the NFL Championship Game.

Paul Hornung
Paul Vernon Hornung (December 23, 1935 – November 13, 2020), nicknamed "the Golden Boy", was an American professional football halfback and kicker who played for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1957 to 1966 (except the 1963 NFL season, for which he was suspended after a scandal involving gambling and associating with gamblers).

He played on teams that won four NFL titles and the first Super Bowl. He is the first Heisman Trophy winner to win the NFL Most Valuable Player award and to be inducted into both the Pro Football Hall of Fame and College Football Hall of Fame. Packers coach Vince Lombardi stated that Hornung was "the greatest player I ever coached".

Hornung was a halfback, quarterback, and kicker. He was an all-around college athlete at the University of Notre Dame, where he played basketball in addition to football.
2004 Northern Illinois Huskies football team
The 2004 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University as a member of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 2004 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by ninth-year head coach Joe Novak, the Huskies compiled an overall record of 9–3 with a mark of 7–1 in conference play, sharing the MAC's West Division title with Toledo. By virtue of their head-to-head win Northern Illinois, Toledo Rockets advanced to the MAC Championship Game. Northern Illinois was invited to the Silicon Valley Football Classic, where they beat Troy. The team played home games at Huskie Stadium in DeKalb, Illinois.

2004 NCAA Division I-A football season
The 2004 NCAA Division I-A football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The regular season began on August 28, 2004 and ended on December 4, 2004. The postseason concluded on January 4, 2005 with the Orange Bowl, which served as the season's Bowl Championship Series (BCS) National Championship Game.

USC defeated Oklahoma in the Orange Bowl by a score of 55–19, which earned the Trojans their second consecutive AP title and first-ever BCS title. The Orange Bowl win and accompanying BCS title were later vacated as part of the sanctions levied against USC following an NCAA investigation. The Coaches Poll and FWAA titles were also vacated. USC appealed the decision but was denied by the NCAA, and the 2004 BCS title was officially vacated on June 6, 2011. 2004 is the only season in the BCS era not to have a national champion.
1984–85 St. John's Redmen basketball team
The 1984–85 St. John's Redmen basketball team represented St. John's University during the 1984–85 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Lou Carnesecca in his seventeenth year at the school. Home games were played at Alumni Hall and Madison Square Garden and the team was a member of the Big East Conference. The team finished 31–4, with three of the four losses coming to Georgetown.

In the NCAA tournament St John's advanced to the Final Four with wins over Southern, Arkansas, Kentucky and NC State. This was the Redmen's first trip to the Final Four since 1952.

1984–85 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 1984–85 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began in November 1984 and ended with the Final Four in Lexington, Kentucky on April 1, 1985. The Villanova Wildcats won their first NCAA national championship with a 66–64 victory over the defending champion, top-ranked Georgetown Hoyas. It was the second time in three seasons that the national champion had 10 losses.
2015 Foster Farms Bowl
The 2015 San Francisco Bowl, known as the Foster Farms Bowl for sponsorship purposes, was the fourteenth edition of the college football bowl game, played on December 26, 2015 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California. Part of the 2015–16 bowl season, it featured the UCLA Bruins of the Pac-12 and the Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Ten.

2015 UCLA Bruins football team
The 2015 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bruins were coached by fourth-year head coach Jim Mora and played their home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. They were members of the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference. The Bruins finished the season 8–5, including 5–4 in conference play to finish third in the South Division, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 419 to 338.
Bishop Exchange, Wrong Diagonal Bishop
Bishop Exchange Wrong Diagonal Bishop (角換わり筋違い角 kakugawari suji chigai kaku) is a variation of the Bishop Exchange (Double Static Rook) opening that has an early bishop drop on the 45 square.

This variation is not to be confused with the Primitive Wrong Diagonal Bishop opening, which is characterized by dropping the bishop to 45 (or 65 for White) even earlier.

Wrong Diagonal Bishop
The Wrong Diagonal Bishop or Parallel-Diagonal Bishop (筋違い角 or 筋違角 sujichigai kaku) is a shogi opening characterized by a bishop trade followed by dropping the bishop in hand on the 45 square if played by Black or the 65 square if played by White.
1977 Colorado State Rams football team
The 1977 Colorado State Rams football team was an American football team that represented Colorado State University in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. In its fifth season under head coach Sark Arslanian, the team compiled a 9–2–1 record (5–2 against WAC opponents).

Sark Arslanian
Sarkis "Sark" Arslanian (February 4, 1924 – December 11, 2016) was an American college football coach. He served as the head football coach at Weber State College—now known as Weber State University—from 1965 to 1972 and Colorado State University from 1973 to 1981, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 95–73–6 (.563). Arslanian was also the head football coach at Dixie Junior College—now known as Utah Tech University—from 1955 to 1964.
Valentin Cassadine
Valentin Cassadine is a fictional character from General Hospital, an American soap opera on the ABC network. The character was initially conceived in 2009 by head writer Robert Guza Jr., as a previously unknown member of the wealthy Cassadine family looking to wreak havoc on both the Cassadine and Spencer families. However, initial plans for the character's introduction were delayed and completely abandoned by 2010. In 2016, it was announced that All My Children alumnus James Patrick Stuart had joined the cast in the mystery role of Theo – who is revealed to be Valentin. Valentin is known for being the most evil of the Cassadine sons, having been disowned by his father at a very young age. At one point, he poisons his mother Helena (Constance Towers).

Stuart's performance has been met with critical acclaim, having garnered him three consecutive Daytime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2020, 2021 and 2022.

Helena Cassadine
Helena Cassadine is a fictional character who is the main antagonist of the American soap opera General Hospital, famously originated by film actress Elizabeth Taylor in November 1981. After a brief stint by Dimitra Arliss in 1996, Constance Towers took over the role in 1997 and has returned — for periods of varying length — nearly every year since.
Revenue Act of 1918
The Revenue Act of 1918, 40 Stat. 1057, raised income tax rates over those established the previous year. The bottom tax bracket was expanded but raised from 2% to 6%.

The act simplified the tax structure created by the 1917 act.  Instead of applying a "like normal tax" and a "like additional tax" to the 1916 act normal tax and additional tax it created a single tax structure with a Normal Tax and a Surtax.

The top rate was increased to 77%, and applied to income above $1,000,000. The top rate of the War Revenue Act of 1917 had taxed all income above $2,000,000 at a 67% rate.

The act was applicable to incomes for 1918.  For 1919 and 1920 the top normal tax rate was reduced from 12 percent to 8%.  This reduced the top marginal tax rate that combined normal tax and surtax from 77% to 73%.

Even in 1918, only 5% of the population paid federal income taxes (up from 1% in 1913), and yet the income tax funded one-third of the cost of World War I.

War Revenue Act of 1917
The United States War Revenue Act of 1917 greatly increased federal income tax rates while simultaneously lowering exemptions.

The 2% bracket had previously applied to income below $20,000. That amount was lowered to $2,000. The top bracket (on income above $2 million) was raised from 15% to 67%.

The act was applicable to incomes for 1917.
2018 Air Force Falcons football team
The 2018 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy as a member of the Mountain Division in the Mountain West Conference (MW) during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by 12th-year head coach Troy Calhoun, the Falcons compiled an overall record of 5–7 with a mark of 3–5 in conference play, placing fourth in the MW's Mountain Division. The team played home games at Falcon Stadium in Colorado Springs, Colorado

2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season  was the 149th season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at its highest level of competition, the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The regular season began on August 25, 2018, and ended on December 8, 2018. The postseason began on December 15, and aside from any all-star games that were scheduled, concluded on January 7, 2019, with the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California. The Clemson Tigers won the title game over the Alabama Crimson Tide, the school's third national title and second in three years, and also becoming the first team since the 1897 Penn Quakers to have a perfect 15-0 season.
2017 UMass Minutemen football team
The 2017 UMass Minutemen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. This was the fourth year of head coach Mark Whipple's second stint at UMass and 10th year overall. The Minutemen divided their home schedule between two stadiums. Five home games were played at the UMass campus at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium with their final home game at Fenway Park. This was UMass's second year as an independent. This season’s 4-8 finish remains tied with 2018 for the most wins the Minutemen have recorded in a season since their move to the FBS.

2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 2017. The regular season began on August 26, 2017, and ended on December 9, 2017.

The postseason concluded on January 8, 2018 with the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship in Atlanta, the fourth iteration of the College Football Playoff championship system. In the national championship game, Alabama defeated Georgia in overtime, 26–23.

The UCF Knights also claim a national championship for this season after finishing first in the Colley Matrix poll, and are listed as "Final National Poll Leaders" in the NCAA's official record book. UCF finished the season as the only undefeated team in NCAA Division I FBS and defeated the Auburn Tigers in the Peach Bowl. Auburn had defeated College Football Playoff national champion Alabama and runner-up Georgia during the season.
1909 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1909 Sewanee Tigers football team represented Sewanee: The University of the South during the 1909 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.  The team was coached by Harris G. Cope in his 1st year as head coach, compiling a record of 6–1 (5–0 SIAA) and outscoring opponents 160 to 42 to win the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association title. Sewanee beat the previous season's champions LSU and Auburn, and upset rival Vanderbilt, handing the school its first loss to a Southern team in six years.

Edward Dillon (American football)
Edward Aloysius Dillon (November 1, 1882 – January 30, 1935) was an American college football player and coach as well as a judge. He was the quarterback of the Princeton Tigers football team for four years from 1905 to 1908 and was selected as a first-team All-American in 1906 and 1907. He served as a state court judge in New Jersey from 1922 until the time of his death in 1935.
Kingdom of the Iberians
The Kingdom of the Iberians[a] (Georgian: ქართველთა სამეფო, romanized: kartvelta samepo) was a medieval Georgian monarchy under the Bagrationi dynasty which emerged circa 888 AD, succeeding the Principality of Iberia, in historical region of Tao-Klarjeti, or upper Iberia in north-eastern Turkey as well parts of modern southwestern Georgia, that stretched from the Iberian gates in the south and to the Lesser Caucasus in the north.

Historically, the area comprised the following historical districts: West of the Arsiani Mountains were Tao, Klarjeti, Nigali, and Shavsheti, to the east lay Meskheti, Erusheti, Javakheti, Artaani, Abotsi, Kola and Basiani. The landscape is characterised by mountains and the river-systems of the Çoruh and the Kura. The region played a crucial role in the unification of all Georgian lands and principalities into the Kingdom of Georgia in 1008.

Tao (historical region)
Tao (Georgian: ტაო) is a historical region of Georgia and forms part of the wider historical area of Tao-Klarjeti. Geographically, the region lay in the middle basin of the Çoruh River and broadly corresponded to the historical Armenian province of Tayk. In modern administrative terms, its territory largely overlaps with the Yusufeli district of Artvin Province, as well as several northern districts of Erzurum Province, including Uzundere, Olur, Oltu, Şenkaya, Narman, and Tortum.
2021 Daraa offensive
The 2021 Daraa offensive was an offensive between rebel fighters and Syrian government forces in the Daraa Governorate, as part of the Daraa insurgency. The offensive saw heavy clashes throughout the governorate, particularly in the Daraa al-Balad neighborhood, which was besieged by government troops.

The clashes were the fiercest Daraa had witnessed since the Syrian Army 2018 offensive.

2018 Southern Syria offensive
The 2018 Southern Syria offensive, code-named Operation Basalt (Arabic: عملية البازلت), was a military operation launched by the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) and its allies against the rebels and ISIL in Southern Syria. The fighting began with a surprise attack on rebel-held areas in the eastern part of the Daraa Governorate in an attempt to fracture rebel-held lines and weaken morale, ahead of their offensive in the greater Southern Syria region.
Burpee (exercise)
The burpee, a squat thrust with an additional stand between repetitions, is a full body exercise used in strength training. The movement itself is primarily an anaerobic exercise, but when done in succession over a longer period can be utilized as an aerobic exercise.

The basic movement as described by its namesake, physiologist Royal H. Burpee, is performed in four steps from a standing position and known as a "four-count burpee":

Move into a squat position with your hands on the ground.

Kick your feet back into an extended plank position, while keeping your arms extended.

Immediately return your feet into squat position.

Stand up from the squat position.

One modification is to step back into a plank instead of kicking back.

Moves 2 and 3 constitute a squat thrust. Many variants of the basic burpee exist, and they often include a push-up and a jump.

Push-up
The push-up (press-up in British English) is a common calisthenics exercise beginning from the prone position. By raising and lowering the body using the arms, push-ups exercise the pectoral muscles, triceps, and anterior deltoids, with ancillary benefits to the rest of the deltoids, serratus anterior, coracobrachialis, and the midsection as a whole. Push-ups are a basic exercise used in civilian athletic training or physical education and commonly in military physical training. It is also a common form of punishment used in the military, school sport, and some martial arts disciplines for its humiliating factor (when one fails to do a specified amount) and for its lack of equipment. Variations, such as wide-arm and diamond push-ups, target specific muscle groups and provide further challenges.
2021 PBA season
The 2021 PBA season was the 46th season of the Philippine Basketball Association. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the season's start, originally scheduled on April 11, 2021, has been delayed until July 16, 2021. The league's Board of Governors announced that the season had two conferences: the Philippine Cup and the Governors' Cup.

The first activity of the season was the PBA season 46 draft held on March 14, 2021.

Alaska Aces (PBA)
The Alaska Aces were a professional basketball team in the Philippine Basketball Association since 1986 under the ownership of Alaska Milk Corporation (AMC) and the owner of 14 PBA championships, tied with the Magnolia Hotshots for the third-most titles overall. They were one of the most popular teams in the league and the Philippines.

The Aces won nine PBA championships in the 1990s, including a rare grand slam (winning three championships in one season) during the 1996 season, joining the Crispa Redmanizers (1976, 1983), San Miguel Beermen (1989), and the San Mig Super Coffee Mixers (2013–14) as one of only four franchises to achieve the feat.

The Aces last tournament was the 2021 PBA Governors' Cup where they were eliminated by the NLEX Road Warriors in the quarterfinal round in March 2022. The franchise was bought by Converge ICT on March 23, 2022, to become the Converge FiberXers.

The team, like the company which owns it, has no connection to the US state of Alaska.
Hjalmar Petersen
Hjalmar Petersen (January 2, 1890 – March 29, 1968) was an American journalist and politician who served as the 23rd governor of Minnesota from 1936 to 1937, succeeding the late Floyd Olson. In office for just 136 days, he became the shortest-serving Governor of Minnesota, beating the previous record holder, Henry Adoniram Swift.

Floyd B. Olson
Floyd Bjørnstjerne "Skipper" Olson (November 13, 1891 – August 22, 1936) was an American politician and lawyer who served three-terms as the 22nd Governor of Minnesota from January 6, 1931 until his death in office at the age of forty-four on August 22, 1936. A left-wing populist, Olson was a member of the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party, and the first member of the party to win the office of governor. He was a prominent governor of Minnesota and an influential American politician.
Z (TV channel)
Z [zɛd] is a Canadian French language specialty channel owned by Bell Media. Z focuses on programming primarily from the science fiction, fantasy, and technology genres consisting of dramas, films, and documentaries.

Founded on January 31, 2000 as Canal Z by Astral Media, the channel was rebranded to Ztélé in 2005 and was acquired by Bell Media in 2013, which by that point becoming aligned with English-language counterpart to Space (renamed to CTV Sci-Fi Channel in 2019), before renaming to its current name in 2014.

CTV Sci-Fi Channel
CTV Sci-Fi Channel is a Canadian English-language discretionary specialty channel owned by Bell Media subsidairy of BCE Inc. The channel primarily broadcasts speculative fiction and related programming.

The network was launched on October 17, 1997 as Space, under its original parent company CHUM Limited. Its slogan, The Imagination Station, continued to be used informally by its fans for many years after its retirement. In 2007, Space was acquired by CTVglobemedia, after acquiring CHUM Limited, while the Citytv stations were sold to Rogers Media. The channel adopted its current name in 2019.
1911 AAA Championship Car season
The 1911 AAA Championship Car season consisted of 21 races, beginning in Oakland, California on February 22 and concluding in Savannah, Georgia on November 30. AAA did not award points towards a National Championship during the 1911 season, and did not declare a National Champion. Ray Harroun was the winner of the inaugural Indianapolis 500.

The de facto National Champion as polled by the American automobile journal Motor Age, was Harvey Herrick. Points were not awarded by the AAA Contest Board during the 1911 season. Herrick was named the champion by Chris G. Sinsabaugh, an editor at Motor Age, based upon merit and on track performance. A points table was created retroactively in 1927, naming Ralph Mulford as champion. At a later point, it was recognized by historians that these championship results should be considered unofficial.

Harvey Herrick
Harvey Dick Herrick (June 4, 1884 – May 30, 1936) was an American racing driver. He was the de facto American National Champion in 1911, as proclaimed by the contemporary journal Motor Age. Herrick competed for the National Motor Vehicle Company.
2008 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 2008 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Joe Paterno and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.

Josh Hull (American football)
Joshua Lynn Hull (born May 21, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions and was selected by the St. Louis Rams in seventh round of the 2010 NFL draft.
Muhammad Muradyab Khan
Mian Muhammad Muradyab Khan Kalhoro (Sindhi: مياں محمد مرادیاب خان ڪلهوڙو) was a Kalhora noble. He was the 2nd Nawab of Sindh succeeding Noor Mohammad Kalhoro. He was given the Imperial title of Sarbuland Khan by the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah.

Noor Mohammad Kalhoro
Mian Noor Muhammad Khan Kalhoro (6 August 1698 – 19 June 1755) (Sindhi: مياں نور محمد خان ڪلهوڙو) ruled  Sindh as the Subahdar of the Mughal Emperor from 1719 till 1737. He then consolidated his power over the entire  Sindh, subjugating Bakhar Sarkar (Northern Sindh), Sehwan Sarkar (Central Sindh), and Thatta Sarkar (Southern Sindh), and thus established a sovereign state, independent of Mughal suzerainty.

In 1737, Kalhoro assumed the title of Kalhora Nawab of Sindh and was given the title Nawab Khuda-Yar Khan by the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. In 1739, during Nader Shah's invasion of India, Mian fled to Umerkot for shelter but was captured by the King of Iran. Mian Noor Mohammad Kalhoro sent a small force to assassinate Nader Shah and turn events in favor of the Mughal Emperor during the Battle of Karnal in 1739, but this plot failed.