hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moshe Nathanson
Moshe Nathanson (Hebrew: משה נתנזון; August 10, 1899 – February 24, 1981) was a Jerusalem-born American composer, cantor, and musicologist. He was known for promoting Hebrew folk music, and for composing widely used liturgical melodies, including a popular setting of the Birkat ha-Mazon. Alongside Abraham Zevi Idelsohn, he is sometimes credited as the composer of the popular song Hava Nagila.

Hazzan
A hazzan (/ˈhɑːzən/; Hebrew: [χaˈzan], lit. 'hazan') or chazzan (Hebrew: חַזָּן, romanized: ḥazzān, plural ḥazzānim; Yiddish: חזן, romanized: khazn; Ladino: חזן, romanized: hasan) is a Jewish musician or precentor trained in the vocal arts who leads the congregation in songful Jewish prayer. In English, a hazzan is often referred to as a cantor, a term also used in Christianity.

An individual leading a Jewish congregation in public prayer is also called a sh'liaḥ tzibbur (Hebrew: שליח ציבור, lit. 'messenger of the public'). Any person is called a sh'liach tzibbur while leading prayer. However, the term hazzan more commonly refers to someone with formal specialized training in leading prayers or who is appointed to lead prayers regularly in a given synagogue without a formally trained hazzan.
Trans-Araguaia languages
The Trans-Araguaia languages are a proposed subgroup of the Northern Jê languages, which comprises three languages spoken to the west of the Araguaia River: Mẽbêngôkre, Kĩsêdjê, and Tapayúna.: 7  It is subdivided in a binary manner into Mẽbêngôkre and the Tapajós subbranch, which comprises Kĩsêdjê and Tapayúna. Together with Apinajé, the Trans-Araguaia languages make up the Trans-Tocantins branch of Northern Jê.

Northern Jê languages
The Northern Jê: 6  or Core Jê languages (Portuguese: Jê Setentrionais) are a branch of the Jê languages constituted by the Timbira dialect continuum (which includes Canela, Krahô, Pykobjê, Krikati, Parkatêjê, and Kỳikatêjê) and a number of languages spoken to the west of the Tocantins River, the Trans-Tocantins languages Apinajé, Mẽbêngôkre, Kĩsêdjê, and Tapayúna. Together with Panará (and its predecessor, Southern Kayapó), they form the Goyaz branch of the Jê family.

The term Northern Jê has been sometimes used to refer to a broader group of languages, which also includes Panará and Southern Kayapó.: 547  In this article, the label Northern Jê is used in the narrow sense (that is, excluding Panará and Southern Kayapó).
Digaro languages
The Digaro (Digarish), Northern Mishmi (Mishmic), or Kera'a–Tawrã languages are a possible small family of possibly Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by the Mishmi people of southeastern Tibet and Arunachal Pradesh.

The languages are Idu and Taraon (Digaro, Darang). Lexical similarities are restricted to certain semantic fields, so a relationship between them is doubtful.

Idu Mishmi language
The Idu Mishmi language  is a small language spoken by the Idu Mishmi people in Dibang Valley district, Lower Dibang Valley district, Lohit district, East Siang district, Upper Siang district of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and in Zayü County of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.  There were 8569 speakers in India in 1981 and 7000 speakers in China in 1994. It is considered an endangered language.
Komal Kumar
Komal Kumar (born 4 July 1973), known mononymously as Komal, is an Indian actor and film producer known for his work in Kannada cinema. He made his acting debut with Super Nan Maga in 1992. Since his debut, Komal has acted in over 100 films, initially in comedic roles as a supporting actor before playing lead roles. He is the younger brother of actor Jaggesh, with whom he has frequently collaborated professionally.

Komal has won Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film Thavarige Baa Thangi in 2003 and won the South Filmfare Award for his performance in Neenello Naanalle in 2006.

Jaggesh
Eshwar Gowda (born 17 March 1963), known professionally as Jaggesh, is an Indian politician, film actor, director and producer, who mainly works in Kannada cinema. Known for his roles in comedy films, he is popular by the moniker Navarasa Nayaka. Considered one of the popular actors, Jaggesh has won Karnataka State Film Awards and Suvarna Film Awards for his acting.

Jaggesh started his film career by playing minor part in Ibbani Karagithu (1982) and then he essayed supporting roles in Ranadheera (1988), Ranaranga (1988), Yuddha Kaanda (1989), Rani Maharani (1990), C. B. I. Shiva (1991) among others and also worked as an assistant director for several films. His first lead role came with Bhanda Nanna Ganda in 1992 but his major breakthrough came in Tharle Nan Maga in the same year.

He is a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Karnataka since 2022 and the spokesperson of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Karnataka.
Kentucky Route 476
Kentucky Route 476 (KY 476) is a 33.721-mile-long (54.269 km) state highway in Kentucky that runs from Kentucky Route 15 Business in northern Hazard to Kentucky Route 15 at Lost Creek via Darfork, Dwarf, Hardshell, and Clayhole.

Kentucky Route 15
Kentucky Route 15 begins at a junction of US 119/Corridor F & Business KY 15 in Whitesburg, and terminates in Winchester at US 60. It is a major route, connecting the coalfields of the Cumberland Plateau with Lexington and other cities in the Bluegrass region. The segment from Whitesburg to KY 15 at Campton, which in turn connects to the Mountain Parkway near the town, is also the primary part of Corridor I of the Appalachian Development Highway System.
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sanskrit: धृतराष्ट्र; Pali: Dhataraṭṭha) is one of the Four Heavenly Kings in Buddhism, the King of the Gandhabbas, known as the guardian of the eastern direction and a protector of the Dharma. He is also widely revered in East Asian Buddhist traditions.

Gandharva
A gandharva (Sanskrit: गन्धर्व, lit. 'musician') is a member of a class of celestial beings in Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, whose males are divine performers such as musicians and singers, and the females are divine dancers. In Hinduism, they are regarded to be the celestial demigods who serve as the musicians of the devas.

It is also a term for skilled singers in Indian classical music. In Buddhism, this term also refers to a being in the intermediate state (between death and rebirth).
Arkansas Highway 321
Highway 321 (AR 321, Ark. 321, Hwy. 321) is a designation for two north–south state highways in central Arkansas. One route of 11.20 miles (18.02 km) runs from Interstate 57 (I-57) in Cabot north to Highway 38 east of Austin. A second route of 3.79 miles (6.10 km) begins at AR 31 north of Beebe and runs north to Highway 267.

Arkansas Highway 267
Highway 267 (AR 267, Ark. 267, and Hwy. 267) is a designation for two state highways in White County. One route of 15.47 miles (24.90 km) begins at Highway 31 and runs northeast to Highway 367 in Searcy. A second route of 2.25 miles (3.62 km) begins at Highway 31 and runs east to Highway 13. Highway 267 Spur, a spur route of 0.90 miles (1.45 km) connects Highway 267 and Highway 31 north of Beebe. The highways are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT).
Notre Dame of Dadiangas University
The Notre Dame of Dadiangas University (NDDU), also known as Notre Dame, is a private Catholic basic and higher education institution run by the Marist Brothers of the Schools or FMS (Fratres Maristae a Scholis) in General Santos, South Cotabato, Philippines. It was founded by the Marist Brothers in 1953 and offers undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate programs as well as primary and secondary education. It consists of four campuses in General Santos and Polomolok, South Cotabato; The main campus along Marist Avenue, the Lagao Campus where the Notre Dame of Dadiangas University-Integrated Basic Education Department (NDDU-IBED) is located, the Espina Campus, and Glamang Campus where the College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology is located. NDDU is currently the only private university in the city of General Santos.

Under the CHED Memorandum Order No. 48, the school was granted university status on June 26, 2006.

Marist Brothers
The Marist Brothers of the Schools, commonly known as simply the Marist Brothers, is an international community of Catholic religious institute of brothers. In 1817, Marcellin Champagnat, a Marist priest from France, founded the Marist Brothers with the goal of educating young people, especially those most neglected. While most of the brothers minister in school settings, others work with young people in parishes, religious retreats, spiritual accompaniment, at-risk youth settings, young adult ministry, and overseas missions. Since the 2010s, several instances of sexual abuse within Marist-run institutions have been reported in Chile, Australia, and New Zealand.
ADRON-RM
ADRON-RM (Autonomous Detector of Radiation of Neutrons Onboard Rover at Mars) is a neutron spectrometer to search for subsurface water ice and hydrated minerals. This analyser is part of the science payload on board the European Space Agency's Rosalind Franklin rover, tasked to search for biosignatures and biomarkers on Mars. The rover is planned to be launched not earlier than 2028 and land on Mars in 2029.

ADRON-RM is a near copy of ADRO-EM on the stationary ExoMars 2020 surface platform and  the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) neutron detector on board NASA's Curiosity rover, all designed by Igor Mitrofanov from the Russian Space Research Institute (IKI).

Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons
The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument is an experiment mounted on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover. It is a pulsed sealed-tube neutron source and detector used to measure hydrogen or ice and water at or near the Martian surface.  The instrument consists of the detector element (DE) and a 14.1 MeV pulsing neutron generator (PNG). The die-away time of neutrons is measured by the DE after each neutron pulse from the PNG.
DAN was provided by the Russian Federal Space Agency, funded by Russia and is under the leadership of Principal Investigator Igor Mitrofanov.
N-slit interferometer
The N-slit interferometer is an extension of the double-slit interferometer also known as Young's double-slit interferometer. One of the first known uses of N-slit arrays in optics was illustrated by Newton. In the first part of the twentieth century, Michelson described various cases of N-slit diffraction.

Feynman described thought experiments the explored two-slit quantum interference of electrons, using Dirac's notation. This approach was extended to N-slit interferometers, by Duarte and colleagues in 1989, using narrow-linewidth laser illumination, that is, illumination by indistinguishable photons. The first application of the N-slit interferometer was the generation and measurement of complex interference patterns. These interferograms are accurately reproduced, or predicted, by the N-slit interferometric equation for either even (N = 2, 4, 6,...), or odd (N = 3, 5, 7,...), numbers of slits.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Abstemius
An abstemius (plural abstemii) is one who cannot take wine without risk of vomiting. Since in Catholic practice the consecration at Mass must be effected in both species, of bread and wine, an abstemius is consequently irregular.

Impediment (Catholic canon law)
In the canon law of the Catholic Church, an impediment is a legal obstacle that prevents a sacrament from being performed either validly or licitly or both.  The term is used most frequently in relationship to the sacraments of Marriage and Holy Orders.  Some canonical impediments can be dispensed by the competent authority (usually the local ordinary but some impediments are reserved to the Apostolic See) as defined in Catholic canon law.
Nordre Toldbod
Nordre Toldbod is a waterfront area in Copenhagen, Denmark, located at the north end of Larsens Plads and just south of Kastellet. It takes its name after the custom house or toldbod which used to be located in the area. Most of the historic buildings in the area were torn down in 1973 when the site was redeveloped but its central waterfront space has remained intact and features a number of structures which bear testament to its former use. Among the modern buildings in the area are the headquarters of Mærsk and the Danish Energy Agency. The area is adjacent to Churchill and Langelinie Parks.

Langelinie
Langelinie (English: Long Line) is a pier, promenade and park in central Copenhagen, Denmark, and home of The Little Mermaid statue. The area has for centuries been a popular destination for excursions and strolls in Copenhagen. Most cruise ships arriving in Copenhagen also berth at Langelinie Pier.
Predynastic Shang
Predynastic Shang or Proto-Shang (/ʃæŋ/; Chinese: 先商) was the tribal Shang dynasty chiefdom situated within the Xia dynasty prior the overthrow of their ruler, Jie of Xia, in traditional Chinese historiography. The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project identifies the end of Predynastic Shang as c. 1600 B.C., with the founding of the Erligang culture, which is traditionally considered to be the rough date of the Battle of Mingtiao.

Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project
The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project (Chinese: 夏商周断代工程; pinyin: Xià Shāng Zhōu Duàndài Gōngchéng) was a multi-disciplinary project commissioned by the People's Republic of China in 1996 to determine with accuracy the location and time frame of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties.

The project was directed by professor Li Xueqin of Tsinghua University in Beijing, and involved around 200 experts. It used radiocarbon dating, archaeological dating methods, historical textual analysis, astronomy, and other methods to achieve greater temporal and geographic accuracy. Preliminary results were released in November 2000 and the final report was published in June 2022. Among other findings, it dated the beginning of the Xia to c. 2070 BCE, the Shang to c. 1600 BCE, and the Zhou to c. 1046 BCE. However, some scholars have disputed several of the project's methods and conclusions.
DHS Cyber Security Division
The Cyber Security Division (CSD) is a division of the Science and Technology Directorate (S&T Directorate) of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Within the Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency, CSD develops technologies to enhance the security and resilience of the United States' critical information infrastructure from acts of terrorism. S&T supports DHS component operational and critical infrastructure protections, including the finance, energy, and public utility sectors, as well as the first responder community.

DHS Science and Technology Directorate
The Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) is a component within the United States Department of Homeland Security. DHS-S&T serves as the research and development arm of the Department as it fulfills its national security mission.

The Science and Technology Directorate is led by the under secretary of homeland security for science and technology, who is appointed by the president of the United States with confirmation by the United States Senate.
Sylvia Hallam
Sylvia Hallam, FAHA (17 August 1927 – 3 June 2019) was an English-born archaeologist who spent most of her academic career in Australia at the University of Western Australia. She is best known as author of Fire and Hearth and as an advocate for the protection of Aboriginal art, particularly at Murujuga in Western Australia.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
Chinese rock
Chinese rock (Chinese: 中国摇滚; pinyin: Zhōngguó yáogǔn; also simplified Chinese: 中国摇滚音乐; traditional Chinese: 中國搖滾音樂; pinyin: Zhōngguó yáogǔn yīnyuè, lit. "Chinese rock and roll music") is a wide variety of rock and roll music made by rock bands and solo artists from Mainland China (other regions such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau are considered separate scenes). Rock music as an independent music genre first appeared in China in the 1980s, during the age of New Enlightenment. Typically, Chinese rock is described as an anti-traditional instrument, a music that defies mainstream ideology, commercial establishment, and cultural hegemony. Chinese rock is a fusion of forms integrating Western popular music and traditional Chinese music.

Guoyue
Guoyue (Chinese: 國樂; lit. 'national music'; also minyue (民乐),  huayue (華樂) or zhongyue (中樂)), refers to the music composed for Chinese musical instruments, which is an extension of the Chinese traditional music.  It is often written for some form of grand presentation through a large Chinese orchestra, as well as performances with solo instruments.  It is frequently broadcast on radio and television in the People's Republic of China, and it is also the primary form of Chinese music taught in conservatories in China, as well as in Taiwan and Singapore.
Vordorf
Vordorf is a municipality in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a member municipality of the Samtgemeinde Papenteich. The Municipality Vordorf includes the villages of Eickhorst, Rethen and Vordorf.

Papenteich
Papenteich is a Samtgemeinde in the district of Gifhorn in Lower Saxony, Germany, situated approximately 10 km south of Gifhorn, and 15 km north of Braunschweig. Papenteich was founded on October 2, 1970 and includes 6 local municipalities with 19 villages. At present its population is 23,458.
Certification, Licensure, and Credentialing for the New Nurse Practitioner in Wisconsin
Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are registered nurses with graduate degrees in nursing. APRN roles include: certified nurse midwife, clinical nurse specialist, certified registered nurse anesthetist, and nurse practitioner. APRNs assess, diagnose, manage patient medical problems, order diagnostic tests, and prescribe medications. Rules, regulations, and credentialing for APRNs vary by state. This page outlines the regulatory processes for nurse practitioners in Wisconsin, including education, certification, licensing, and credentialing. Regulatory and credentialing processes are continuously changing, and the information contained on this page is current as of November 2015.

Advanced practice nurse
An advanced practice nurse (APN) is a nurse with post-graduate education and training in nursing. Nurses practising at this level may work in either a specialist or generalist capacity. APNs are prepared with advanced didactic and clinical education, knowledge, skills, and scope of practice in nursing.

In the United States, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing along with other nursing authorities and organizations recommend the use of the term and acronym advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) as described in the Consensus Model for APRN Regulation, Licensure, Accreditation, Certification and Education.
2001 Air Canada Cup
The 2001 Air Canada Cup was Canada's 23rd annual national midget 'AAA' hockey championship, played April 23–29, 2001 at the Prince George Multiplex in Prince George, British Columbia. Steve Bernier scored the winning goal in the second overtime period of the gold medal game to give the Gouverneurs de Ste-Foy a 4-3 victory over the Calgary Royals. It was Ste-Foy's third national title in eight appearances in the final.

Telus Cup
The Telus Cup is Canada's national under-18 ice hockey club championship. It is an annual event, held by Hockey Canada each April. From 1979 to 2003, the national championship was sponsored by Air Canada.

The current champions are the Regina Pat Canadians who won the 2025 Telus Cup.
Flexity Berlin
The Bombardier Flexity Berlin is a tram type constructed for the Berlin tramway network. It was developed by Bombardier Transportation during the late 2000s and is based on the Bombardier Flexity family of 100% low-floor trams.

Flexity
The Flexity is a family of trams, streetcars, and light rail vehicles manufactured by Bombardier Transportation until 2021, when French company Alstom took over Bombardier. As of 2026, more than 5,000 Flexity vehicles have been ordered or are in operation around the world. Production of the vehicles has been done at Bombardier's (and Alstom's) global production plants, and by local manufacturers worldwide through technology transfer agreements.

Within Alstom, the Flexity supplements the Citadis range. Third-party competitors include Siemens Mobility's Combino, Avanto and Avenio, Stadler Rail's Tango and Variobahn, CAF's Urbos, and Hitachi Rail Italy's Sirio globally, and Siemens USA's S70/S700, U2, SD-100, SD-160, SD-400, SD-460, and S200, along with LRVs and streetcars from Kinki Sharyo, Hyundai Rotem, Brookville Equipment Corporation and Škoda/Inekon/United Streetcar in North America.
Arkansas Highway 215
Highway 215 (AR 215, Ark. 215, and Hwy. 215) is a designation for three north–south state highways in northwest Arkansas. A southern route of 8.80 miles (14.16 km) runs north from Franklin County Road 31 and Franklin County Road 221 (CR 31/CR 221) at Dahoma to Highway 96 near the Arkansas River. A second route of 15.94 miles (25.65 km) begins at US Route 64/Highway 917 (US 64/AR 917) in Mulberry and runs north to CR 77/CR 102 in the Ozark National Forest. A third segment of 16.44 miles (26.46 km) begins at Highway 23 at Cass and runs north to Johnson CR 36 at Oark.

Arkansas Highway 23
Arkansas Highway 23 (AR 23) is a north–south state highway in north Arkansas. The route runs 133.9 miles (215.5 km) from U.S. Route 71 (US 71) north of Elm Park north to the Missouri state line through Ozark and Eureka Springs. Between Highway 16 at Brashears and Interstate 40 (I-40) north of Ozark, Highway 23 winds through the Ozark National Forest and is designated as the Pig Trail Scenic Byway due to its steep hills and hairpin turns. The route has a strong connection with the University of Arkansas Razorbacks, connecting fans in Central Arkansas with the Northwest Arkansas area.
Chadarangam
Chadarangam (Telugu: చదరంగము) is a Telugu version of Indian chess, Chaturanga. It became very famous among kings and courtesans. Previously chariots (Ratha) were used in warfare, but in medieval times chariots were replaced by camels (Oṣṭra). So, the bishop in olden days was called Ratha / Śakaṭa and in medieval ages was called Oṣṭra.

Chaturanga
Chaturanga (Sanskrit: चतुरङ्ग, IAST: caturaṅga, pronounced [tɕɐt̪uˈɾɐŋɡɐ]) is an ancient Indian strategy board game. It is first known from India around the seventh century AD.

While there is some uncertainty, the prevailing view among chess historians is that chaturanga is the common ancestor of the board games chess, xiangqi (Chinese), janggi (Korean), shogi (Japanese), sittuyin (Burmese), makruk (Thai), ouk chatrang (Cambodian) and modern Indian chess. It was adopted as chatrang (shatranj) in Sassanid Persia, which in turn was the form of chess brought to late-medieval Europe.

Not all the rules of chaturanga are known with certainty. Chess historians suppose that the game had rules similar to those of its successor, shatranj. In particular, there is uncertainty as to the moves of the gaja (elephant).