hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surgical drape
A surgical drape is a sterile sheet used to create a sterile field during surgical procedures with the purpose of preventing the spread of infection from non-sterile to sterile areas and protecting the patient from contamination. The use of surgical drapes is a standard procedure in modern surgery . Surgical drapes come in various shapes and sizes, including those that are made of materials resistant to penetration by liquids and microorganisms.

Patient
A patient is any recipient of health care services that are performed by healthcare professionals. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician, nurse, optometrist, dentist, veterinarian, or other health care provider.
Juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase
Juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT) is a ~33 kDa enzyme (the molecular mass is species-dependent) that catalyzes the conversion of inactive precursors of Juvenile hormones (JHs) to active JHs in the final stages of JH biosynthesis in the corpora allata of insects. More specifically, the enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to the carboxylate group of JH precursors.

Corpus allatum
In insect physiology and anatomy, the corpus allatum (plural: corpora allata) is an endocrine gland that generates juvenile hormone; as such, it plays a crucial role in metamorphosis. Surgical removal of the corpora allata (an allatectomy) can cause an immature larva to pupate at its next molt, resulting in a miniature adult. Similarly, transplantation of corpora allata from a young larva to a fully mature larva can greatly extend the larval stage, resulting in an equivalent to gigantism.

In many Diptera species, the corpus allatum is fused with the corpus cardiacum, forming a "ring gland", also known as Weismann's ring.

In Lepidoptera species, the corpus allatum acts as a release site for prothoracicotropic hormone which is generated by the brain.
Oleshnya, Kursk Oblast
Oleshnya (Russian: Олешня) is a rural settlement (khutor) in western Russia, in Sudzansky District of Kursk Oblast.

The village borders in the west with the Russian-Ukrainian border and is located 98.44 kilometres (61.17 mi) southwest of Kursk and 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of the district centre of Sudzha.

Sudzha
Sudzha (Russian: Суджа, [ˈsudʐə]) is a town and the administrative center of Sudzhansky District in Kursk Oblast, Russia, located on the Sudzha and Oleshnya rivers 105 kilometers (65 mi) southwest of Kursk, the administrative center of the oblast. It has a population of 5,127 people. It is the natural gas exchange feeder where the Trans-Siberian pipeline meets the Brotherhood pipeline. The town was occupied by Ukrainian forces between August 15, 2024 and March 12, 2025 as a result of an incursion into the region.
Weather of 2010
The global weather activity of 2010 includes major meteorological events in the Earth's atmosphere during the year, including winter storms (blizzards, ice storms, European windstorms), hailstorms, out of season monsoon rain storms, extratropical cyclones, gales, microbursts, flooding, rainstorms, tropical cyclones, and other severe weather events.

The thunderstorm season for the Northern Hemisphere began near spring, beginning on March 1, and ended on August 31.

Winter storm
A winter storm (also known as snow storm) is an event in which wind coincides with varieties of precipitation that only occur at freezing temperatures, such as snow, mixed snow and rain, or freezing rain. In temperate continental and subarctic climates, these storms are not necessarily restricted to the winter season, but may occur in the late autumn and early spring as well. A snowstorm with strong winds and low visibility is called a blizzard.
Mikoyan MiG-33
MiG-33 was the developed name for the fourth-generation aircraft that was eventually delivered as the MiG-29. Some variants of the MiG-29 were known as the MiG-33.

The designation MiG-33 has been associated with two different Mikoyan fighter designs. It was first employed for a single-engine, lightweight strike fighter similar in capabilities to the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon. More formally known as "Project 33", development work began on this design about 1980, but was cancelled in 1986 as the result of changing Soviet Air Forces requirements. More recently, the MiG-33 designation was introduced at the 1994 Farnborough Airshow as the briefly used marketing name for the MiG-29ME export model of the MiG-29M Fulcrum-E, a comprehensively upgraded, fully multirole version of the MiG-29.

Soviet Air Forces
The Soviet Air Forces (Russian: Военно-Воздушные Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик, romanized: Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily Soyuza Sovetskih Sotsialisticheskih Respublik, lit. 'Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'; abbr. VVS SSSR; sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force") was one of  two air forces belonging to the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces were formed from components of the Imperial Russian Air Service in 1917, and faced their greatest test during World War II. The groups were also involved in the Korean War, and dissolved along with the Soviet Union itself in 1991–92. Former Soviet Air Forces' assets were subsequently divided into several air forces of former Soviet republics, including the new Russian Air Force. The "March of the Pilots" was its marching song.
Mangifera odorata
Mangifera odorata, commonly known as kwini (also spelled  kuini, kuweni, kuwini, etc.), huani, or Saipan mango, is a species of plant with edible fruit in the family Anacardiaceae. It is similar to the related mango but is characterized by a strong turpentine-like smell on the skin and fibrous flesh. It is native to tropical Southeast Asia, but its exact original native range is unknown because it is only known from cultivated specimens and is believed to be a hybrid of Mangifera indica and Mangifera foetida. It is grown throughout Southeast Asia, from peninsular Thailand, to Malaysia, Indonesia and the southern Philippines. It has also been occasionally cultivated in southern Vietnam and the Marianas Islands.

Mangifera indica
Mangifera indica, commonly known as the mango after its fruit, is an evergreen species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is a large fruit tree, capable of growing to a height and width of 30 m (100 ft). There are two distinct genetic populations in modern mangoes – the "Indian type" and the "Southeast Asian type".
12th Coast Artillery (United States)
The 12th Coast Artillery Regiment was a Coast Artillery regiment in the United States Army, constituted in the Regular Army on 27 February 1924. It served in the Harbor Defenses of the Chesapeake with headquarters at Fort Monroe, Virginia from 1924 to 1932. At that point, the regiment effectively became the 2nd Coast Artillery; on paper the 2nd Coast Artillery was transferred from the Harbor Defenses of Cristobal in the Panama Canal Zone and the 12th was transferred (less personnel and equipment) to that harbor defense. However, the 12th was never activated again, and on 19 June 1944 was disbanded.

Harbor Defense Command
A Harbor Defense Command was a military organization of the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps designated in 1925 from predecessor organizations dating from circa 1895. It consisted of the forts, controlled underwater minefields, and other coastal defenses of a particular harbor or river. Harbor Defense Commands, along with the similar Coast Artillery Corps, were disestablished in 1950.
Jirisan (TV series)
Jirisan (Korean: 지리산) is a 2021 South Korean television series starring Jun Ji-hyun and Ju Ji-hoon. It is named after the eponymous mountain in South Korea and has been promoted as "tvN's 15th Anniversary Special Drama". It premiered on tvN on October 23 to December 12, 2021, and aired every Saturday and Sunday at 21:00 (KST). The series is available for streaming on iQIYI worldwide, and on Viki and Netflix in selected territories.

TvN (South Korean TV channel)
tvN (originally standing for Total Variety Network) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division. tvN programming consists of a variety of entertainment content focused on television series and variety shows. It is available on cable, on satellite through SkyLife, and on IPTV platforms in South Korea. Since 2014, the network has been headed by Kang Ho-sung. From June 28, 2010, to April 30, 2013, tvN Go was broadcast by renting a channel from Korea DMB.
Jan van Loggerenberg
Lieutenant General Jan van Loggerenberg SSA SD SOE ORB (26 August 1935 – 9 March 2022) was a South African military commander, who held the post of Chief of the South African Air Force.

He joined the Air force in 1954 and obtained a BMil degree from the South African Military Academy, earning the Student of the Year award in 1957. In 1959, he was appointed a flying instructor at Central Flying school.: 19

He joined 1 Squadron and 2 Squadron before moving to 24 Squadron flying Buccaneers. He also attended a Canberra conversion course in England. In 1971, he was appointed Air Force Attache to Paris, France. On his return to South Africa, he was appointed the head of the South African Military Academy and thereafter Light Aircraft Command.: 265  He was appointed Chief of Staff operations in 1979.

In 1984, he was appointed Director: Operations of the SADF and in 1988 he was appointed Chief of the Air Force.

Van Loggerenberg died in Pretoria on 9 March 2022, at the age of 86.

Order of the Cloud and Banner
The Order of the Cloud and Banner (Chinese: 雲麾勳章/雲麾勛章) also known as the Order of the Resplendent Banner is a military award of the Republic of China. It was instituted on June 15, 1935 and is awarded in nine grades for contributions to national security. The insignia of the order features a fluttering yellow flag, surrounded by white clouds on a blue field. This image is surrounded by golden rays.
Timeline of cable television in the United Kingdom
This is a timeline of cable television in the United Kingdom.

The first part of the timeline covers the development of cable across the country, including details of the cable-exclusive channels which launched in the 1990s as part of cable television's attempt to compete with BSkyB's satellite television.

The merger of NTL and Telewest effectively resulted in a single national network, covering just over half the country. The second part of the timeline covers Virgin Media.

NTL Incorporated
NTL Incorporated, branded as ntl:, was a United States-listed British company founded in 1992, which provided cable television, cable internet and fixed-line cable telephone services. While NTL had its headquarters in New York City, the company's activities focused heavily on the United Kingdom, with operational headquarters in Hook, Hampshire.

NTL became the dominant cable operator in the United Kingdom, controlling more than 90% of the market. In 2005 residential services generated 78% of NTL's revenue, and business services 22%.

In March 2006, NTL merged with fellow cable telecom company Telewest, and created 'NTL:Telewest', which then also merged with Virgin Mobile UK and Virgin.net in June 2006, creating the UK's first "quadruple play" telecom provider, offering television, internet, landline phone and mobile phone services. In February 2007, NTL:Telewest was rebranded as Virgin Media.
Steven Knox
Steven Thomas Knox (born 16 February 1974) is an English cricket coach and former player. He played for the Scotland national cricket team from 2003 to 2007 after meeting residency qualifications, and also played minor counties cricket for Cumberland. He has coached the Scotland women's national cricket team and the Germany men's national cricket team.

Germany national cricket team
The German national cricket team is the men's team that represents Germany in international cricket. The German Cricket Federation, which organises the team, has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1999, having previously been an affiliate member from 1991. The team made its international debut against Denmark in 1989, playing as West Germany. It has since played regularly in European Cricket Championship tournaments, as well as twice in the lower divisions of the World Cricket League. In 2001, Germany also competed in the ICC Trophy (now the World Cup Qualifier) for the first and only time. In 2022, they played their first T20 World Cup Global Qualifier.
ERB-dom
ERB-dom was a magazine devoted to the works of Edgar Rice Burroughs created by Al Guillory, Jr. and Camille Cazedessus Jr. ("Caz"). It began publication in May 1960 as a mimeographed science-fiction fanzine.

Guillory was killed in a car-train collision, but Cazedessus continued publishing ERB-dom. It won the Hugo Award for Best Fanzine in 1966.

ERB-dom was eventually printed in color, containing Russ Manning's Tarzan newspaper comic strip pages in color and the daily strips. It went to monthly publication in 1970 and then back to five times per year. It ceased publication with issue #89 in late 1976.  However a special issue #90 was released in June 1978.

Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, recognized for his prolific output in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. Best known for creating the characters Tarzan (who appeared in a series of twenty-four books by him) and John Carter (who was a recurring character in a series of eleven books), he also wrote the Pellucidar series, the Amtor series, and the Caspak trilogy.

Tarzan was immediately popular, and Burroughs capitalized on it in every possible way, including a syndicated Tarzan comic strip, films, and merchandise. Tarzan remains one of the most successful fictional characters to this day and is a cultural icon. Burroughs's California ranch is now the center of the Tarzana neighborhood in Los Angeles, named after the character. Burroughs was an explicit supporter of eugenics and scientific racism in both his fiction and nonfiction; Tarzan was meant to reflect these concepts.
Henry Mackenzie (bishop)
Henry Mackenzie  (16 May 1808 – 15 October 1878) was Bishop of Nottingham (a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Lincoln) from 1870 until 1877. He became the first suffragan bishop in the Church of England since 1608.

Anglican Bishop of Nottingham
The Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham has given its name to the Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham.
Shreyanka Patil
Shreyanka Patil (born 31 July 2002) is an Indian cricketer who currently plays for the national team. In domestic cricket, she represents Karnataka while she plays for the Royal Challengers Bengaluru in Women's Premier League. She plays as a right-arm off break bowler. She made her international debut for India in 2023.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
Back to Life (Fred Frith album)
Back to Life is a studio album by English guitarist, composer and improvisor Fred Frith. It comprises five classical chamber music pieces composed by Frith between 1993 and 2005, and was performed between 1998 and 2007 by Belgian pianist Daan Vandewalle, United States percussionist William Winant, and the Callithumpian Consort ensemble of the New England Conservatory of Music, conducted by Stephen Drury. The album was released on Tzadik Records' Composer Series in 2008.

Frith does not perform on this album.

New England Conservatory of Music
The New England Conservatory of Music (NEC) is a private music school in Boston, Massachusetts. The conservatory is located on Huntington Avenue along the Avenue of the Arts near Boston Symphony Hall, and is home to approximately 750 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate studies, and 1,500 more in its Preparatory School and School of Continuing Education. NEC offers bachelor's degrees in instrumental and vocal classical music performance, contemporary musical arts, composition, jazz studies, music history, and music theory, as well as graduate degrees in collaborative piano, conducting, and musicology. The conservatory has also partnered with Harvard University and Tufts University to create joint double-degree, five-year programs.
Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi season 3)
Bigg Boss OTT 3 also known as Bigg Boss: Over-the-Top Season 3, is the third season of the Indian reality digital series Bigg Boss OTT, the spin-off version of Bigg Boss. It premiered on 21 June 2024 on JioCinema Premium. Anil Kapoor hosted the show for first time by replacing Salman Khan. The Grand Finale of the show took place on 2 August 2024 where Sana Makbul emerged as the winner and  Naezy Sheikh as the runner-up.

JioCinema
JioCinema was an Indian subscription video-on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Viacom18. The service was merged with Disney+ Hotstar on 14 February 2025, to form JioHotstar.

In April 2022, the service was brought under Reliance's Viacom18 joint venture, backed by new funding from Uday Shankar and James Murdoch's Bodhi Tree Systems. JioCinema began to subsume Viacom18's existing streaming platform Voot later that year, beginning with sports programming in October, and Voot being officially discontinued in favour of JioCinema in August 2023.
Fernando Lugris
Juan Fernando Lugris (born December 17, 1971) is an Uruguayan diplomat specialized in multilateral negotiations related to the environment, human rights, trade and regional integration, currently serving as a member of the Global Leaders Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, chaired by Barbados’ Prime Minister, H.E. Mia Amor Mottley. He was Ambassador of Uruguay to China, Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan.
Lugris became the first Permanent Representative of Uruguay to UNEP and UN-Habitat and was the Chair of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) in charge of developing a legally binding global instrument on mercury known as the Minamata Convention on Mercury.

United Nations Human Settlements Programme
The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) is the United Nations programme for human settlements and sustainable urban development. It was established in 1977 as an outcome of the first United Nations Conference on Human Settlements and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat I) held in Vancouver, Canada, in 1976.  UN-Habitat maintains its headquarters at the United Nations Office at Nairobi, Kenya. It is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group. The mandate of UN-Habitat derives from the Habitat Agenda, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) in Istanbul, Turkey, in 1996. The twin goals of the Habitat Agenda are adequate shelter for all and the development of sustainable human settlements in an urbanizing world.
Israel Katz
Israel Katz (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּ״ץ; born 21 September 1955) is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for Likud currently serving as Minister of Defense and a member of the Security Cabinet of Israel. Katz has been recognized for his role in modernizing Israel's transportation infrastructure, including the expansion of highways, the development of high-speed rail, and reforms to Israel's ports that increased competition and reduced shipping costs. Katz has previously served as Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Transport, Minister of Intelligence, Minister of Energy, Minister of Finance, and twice as Minister of Foreign Affairs. On 5 November 2024, it was announced that he would be nominated by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as Defense Minister after Yoav Gallant was dismissed.

Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (Israel)
The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security of Israel (Hebrew: משרד החקלאות וביטחון המזון, Misrad HaHakla'ut UBithon Hamazon) is the ministry of the Israeli government that oversees the country's agricultural industry. The ministry was originally called the Ministry of Agriculture but in 1992 the title was changed to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The Development Ministry, which oversaw rural development, was abolished in 1974. In 2024 the title was changed to its current one.
Cullion (Kinawley)
Cullion (Irish derived place name Cuileann, meaning 'The Holly Trees', and still locally known as 'The Hollies') is a townland in the civil parish of Kinawley, barony of Tullyhaw, County Cavan, Ireland. A sub-division of the townland is spelled variously as- Tawneanagra, Tawneynagrave and Tawneynegrawe. (Irish derived place name, Tamnach na gCraobh, meaning 'The Pasture of the Branches or Bushes').

County Cavan
County Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (Bréifne). Cavan County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 81,704 at the 2022 census.
Murder of Anthony Milano
The murder of Anthony Milano occurred on December 15, 1987, when Richard Laird and Frank Chester killed Milano, a 26-year-old gay man, in Bristol Township, Pennsylvania. According to prosecutors, Laird and Chester decided to murder Milano shortly after meeting him on the night of December 14 because they believed he was gay. Both men were convicted and sentenced to death in May 1988. This reportedly marked the first time in the United States that perpetrators of an anti-gay hate crime received the death penalty. Laird remains on death row, while Chester has since been resentenced to life without parole.

Bristol Township, Pennsylvania
Bristol Township is a township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 54,291 at the 2020 census, making it the 13th largest municipality in the state. Bristol Township, along with Bristol Borough, is a cultural hub for Lower Bucks County, hosting celebrations of African and Latino heritage. Parts of the township consist of the neighborhoods of Fairless Hills and Levittown. It is located within the Delaware Valley (i.e. the Philadelphia metropolitan area).