hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martine Smeets
Martine Smeets (born 5 May 1990) is a Dutch former handballer who played as a left wing for the Dutch national team.

She was a part the Netherlands team that won the 2019 World Women's Handball Championship; the first title in the country's history.

2019 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2019 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 24th event hosted by the International Handball Federation, was held in Japan from 30 November to 15 December 2019.

The Netherlands won their first title after defeating Spain in the final. The final was decided on a controversial penalty decision, when Ainhoa Hernandez blocked the Dutch goalkeeper's pass stopping a potential counter with seconds to go.
Khahi Ngamba
The Khahi Ngamba (ꯈꯥꯍꯤ ꯉꯝꯕ, transl. “Conqueror of the Khasiyas”) is a classical Meitei language literary text. It was written during the reign of Maharaja Chandrakirti of Manipur. The work was composed to celebrate the victory of Maharaja Gambhir Singh over the Khasiyas in 1829.

"Khahi" is the Assamese language influenced Meitei pronunciation of the Khasi people or the Khasiyas, where "s" is pronounced as "h".

Khasi people
The Khasi people are an Austroasiatic ethnic group of Meghalaya in north-eastern India with a significant population in the bordering state of Assam and in certain parts of Bangladesh. The Khasis constitute the majority population in the eastern part of Meghalaya, particularly in the Khasi Hills, where they represent 78.3% of the region's population. They also comprise about 48% of Meghalaya's total population, making them the state's largest ethnic community. They are among the few Austroasiatic-speaking peoples in South Asia. The Khasi tribe holds the distinction of being one of the few remaining tribes that have a matrilineal society. Under the Constitution of India, the Khasis have been granted the status of Scheduled Tribe.
History of German
The appearance of the German language begins in the Early Middle Ages with the High German consonant shift. Old High German, Middle High German, and Early New High German span the duration of the Holy Roman Empire. The 19th and 20th centuries saw the rise of Standard German and a decrease of dialectal variety.

Early New High German
Early New High German (ENHG) is a term for the period  in the history of the German language generally defined, following Wilhelm Scherer, as the period 1350 to 1650, developing from Middle High German and into New High German.

The term is the standard translation of the German Frühneuhochdeutsch (Frnhd., Fnhd.), introduced by Scherer. The term Early Modern High German is also occasionally used for this period (but the abbreviation EMHG is generally used for Early Middle High German).
SS Columbia (1880)
SS Columbia (1880–1907) was a cargo and passenger steamship that was owned by the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company and later the San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company. Columbia was constructed in 1880 by the John Roach & Sons shipyard in Chester, Pennsylvania for the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company.

Columbia was the first ship to carry a dynamo powering electric lights instead of oil lamps and the first commercial use of electric light bulbs outside of Thomas Edison's Menlo Park, New Jersey laboratory. Due to this, a detailed article and composite illustration of Columbia was featured in the May 1880 issue of Scientific American magazine.

Columbia was lost on 21 July 1907 after a collision with the lumber schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, with the loss of 88 lives.

Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company
The Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company (OR&N) was a rail and steamboat transport company that operated a rail network of 1,143 miles (1,839 km) running east from Portland, Oregon, United States, to northeastern Oregon, northeastern Washington, and northern Idaho. It operated from 1896 as a consolidation of several smaller railroads.

OR&N was initially operated as an independent carrier, but Union Pacific (UP) purchased a majority stake in the line in 1898. It became a subsidiary of UP titled the Oregon–Washington Railroad and Navigation Company in 1910. In 1936, Union Pacific formally absorbed the system, which became UP's gateway to the Pacific Northwest.
Chabela Romero
Isabela "Chabela" Romero Rangel (September 11, 1936 – April 19, 1985) was a Mexican professional wrestler. She was one of the first Mexican women to become a professional wrestler when women became a regular fixture in the early 1950s. During her career she won the Mexican National Women's Championship three times, and both the UWA World Women's Championship and the Japanese All Pacific Championship once.

All Pacific Championship
The All Pacific Championship was the secondary singles women's professional wrestling title in All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling or AJW.  The belt was started as the Hawaiian Pacific Championship in 1977 and was renamed the All Pacific Championship in 1978.
Uranyl sulfate
Uranyl sulfate describes a family of inorganic compounds with the formula UO2SO4(H2O)n. These salts consist of sulfate, the uranyl ion, and water. They are lemon-yellow solids. Uranyl sulfates are intermediates in some extraction methods used for uranium ores. These compounds can also take the form of an anhydrous salt.

Uranyl
The uranyl ion is an oxycation of uranium having the formula UO2+2; it is the most common form of uranium(VI). Uranyl is linear with two short U–O bonds of 180 picometers.  Some important uranyl compounds are uranyl nitrate and several uranyl chlorides.
Cross Street station (MBTA)
Cross Street station was an MBTA Commuter Rail station in northern Winchester, Massachusetts, on the border with Woburn. The station first opened in the mid-1840s as Richardson Row on the Woburn Branch Railroad, part of the Boston and Lowell Railroad (B&L). It was renamed Cross Street in 1876. The Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M) leased the B&L in 1887, built a new depot at Cross Street in 1893, and replaced it with a concrete shelter in 1955. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) began subsidizing service on the Woburn Branch in 1965 and purchased the line in 1976. The station was closed along with the Woburn Branch in 1981.

Winchester, Massachusetts
Winchester is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, located 8.2 miles (13.2 km) north of downtown Boston as part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. It is also one of the wealthiest municipalities in Massachusetts. The population was 22,970 at the 2020 United States Census.
1977 African Youth Qualifying for World Cup
The 1977 African Youth Qualifying for World Cup was the debut qualification tournament for African nations for the FIFA World Youth Championship. Ivory Coast and Morocco qualified for the inaugural FIFA World Youth Championship which took place in Tunisia. This was the only edition of the tournament not titled the African Youth Championship.

1977 FIFA World Youth Championship
The 1977 FIFA World Youth Championship was the inaugural staging of the FIFA World Youth Championship, hosted by Tunisia from 27 June to 10 July 1977, in three venues — Tunis, Sousse and Sfax. The 28 matches played were the smallest number in tournament history. The USSR U20s defeated Mexico U20s in a penalty shootout, in the final held at Tunis's Stade El Menzah.

The Tournament Committee was chaired by FIFA Vice-President Harry Cavan, who had spearheaded the creation of the World Youth Championship.
Jørgen Conrad de Falsen
Counter-Admiral Jørgen Conrad de Falsen (19 August 1785 – 23 August 1849) was a Dano-Norwegian naval officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Despite being plagued by ill health, he saw active service in the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy throughout the Gunboat War. After the dissolution of the personal union between Denmark and Norway, he served in the Royal Danish Navy where he eventually rose to the rank of rear admiral. He married twice, the second marriage being to a lady-in-waiting to the Queen of Denmark.

Counter admiral
Counter admiral is a military rank used for high-ranking officers in several navies around the world, though the rank is not used in the English-speaking world, where its equivalent rank is rear admiral. The term derives from the French contre-amiral. Depending on the country, it is either a one-star or two-star rank. In modern navies that use it, counter admiral is generally, although not always, the lowest flag officer rank.  In the German Navy, for instance, Flottillenadmiral ranks below Konteradmiral; in the Royal Canadian Navy, contre-amiral (rear admiral in English) ranks above commodore.
Martha Gray
Martha Gray is a biomedical engineer and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, jointly appointed in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Health Sciences and Technology (HST). Gray became the first woman to lead a department of science or engineering at MIT when she became the co-director of the Harvard–MIT Program of Health Sciences and Technology in 1987. She has developed multidisciplinary programs at MIT. Her research focuses on understanding and preventing Osteoarthritis, and her team developed the imaging technology dGEMRIC, now used to examine cartilage.

Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology
The Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology (HST) is one of the oldest and largest biomedical engineering and physician-scientist training programs in the United States. It was founded in 1970 and is the longest-standing collaboration between Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Within the program, graduate and medical students are registered with both MIT and Harvard and may work with faculty and affiliated faculty members from both communities. HST is a part of MIT's Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and forms the London Society at Harvard Medical School.
Gallerie Estensi
The Gallerie Estensi is a network of three museums and a library, bringing together the collective fruits of artistic production from Ferrara, Modena and Sassuolo in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. The galleries aim to preserve the historic heritage left by the influential House of Este, with a focus on relating their past to the local communities at each site.

House of Este
The House of Este (UK: /ˈɛsti/ EST-ee, US: /ˈɛsteɪ/ EST-ay, Italian: [ˈɛste]) is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries.

The original House of Este's elder branch, which is known as the House of Welf, included dukes of Bavaria and of Brunswick. This branch produced Britain's Hanoverian monarchs, as well as one Emperor of Russia (Ivan VI) and one Holy Roman Emperor (Otto IV).

The original House of Este's younger branch, which is simply called the House of Este, included rulers of Ferrara (1240–1597), and of Modena (900–1859) and Reggio (1288–1796). This branch's male line became extinct with the death of Ercole III in 1803.
William Wilson (English academic)
William Wilson FRS FHAS (1 March 1875 – 14 October 1965) was a leading figure in English academic circles. He was born at Goodyhills, in the Abbey Holme district of Cumberland in 1875. He was educated at the village school at Holme St Cuthbert, Cumberland, before attending the Aspatria Agricultural College, Aspatria, Cumberland.

Holme St Cuthbert
Holme St Cuthbert is a small village and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The village is located 23 miles (37 km) south-west of Carlisle. The parish covers a largely rural area containing a number of small hamlets; the largest village is Mawbray. The parish had a population of 413 at the 2021 census.
Leliwa coat of arms
Leliwa is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several hundred noble families during the times of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and remains in use today by many of the descendants of these families. There are several forms of the arms, all of which bear the name, Leliwa, but which may be distinguished as variations of the same arms by the addition of a Roman numeral. In 19th century during a pan South-Slavic Illyrian movement heraldic term Leliwa (Croatian: Leljiva) also entered Croatian heraldry as a name for the coat of arms considered to be the oldest known symbol; Bleu celeste, a mullet of six points Or surmounted above a crescent Argent – A golden six-pointed star (representing the morning star) over a silver crescent moon on a blue shield, but also as a name for all other coats of arms that have a crescent and a mullet.

Coat of arms of Croatia
The coat of arms of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Grb Republike Hrvatske) consists of one main shield and five smaller shields which form a crown over the main shield. The main coat of arms is a checkerboard that consists of 13 red and 12 white fields (called in blazon Chequy of twenty-five gules and argent). It is also informally known in Croatian as šahovnica ("chessboard", from šah, "chess"). The five smaller shields represent five different historical regions within Croatia. The checkerboard as a heraldic symbol of Croatia was introduced in the late 15th century, and officially since 1527 election in Cetin, replacing the original coat of arms of the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia.
Akaki Aladashvili
Akaki Aladashvili (born 30 April 1978) is a Georgian lawyer, politician, and sports administrator. He has served as a member of the Tbilisi City Council (Sakrebulo) and is the Vice-President of the Georgian Football Federation. He currently serves as a Member of Parliament by delegate in Georgia.

Tbilisi City Assembly
The Tbilisi Sakrebulo (Georgian: თბილისის  საკრებულო, romanized: tbilisis  sak'rebulo), is a representative body in the city government of Tbilisi, Georgia.  It is also known in English as the Tbilisi City Council or Tbilisi Assembly.
Aluminium magnesium boride
Aluminium magnesium boride or Al3Mg3B56, colloquially known as BAM, is a chemical compound of aluminium, magnesium and boron. Whereas its nominal formula is AlMgB14, the chemical composition is closer to Al0.75Mg0.75B14. It is a ceramic alloy that is highly resistive to wear and has an extremely low coefficient of sliding friction, reaching a record value of 0.04 in unlubricated and 0.02 in lubricated AlMgB14−TiB2 composites. First reported in 1970, BAM has an orthorhombic structure with four icosahedral B12 units per unit cell. This ultrahard material has a coefficient of thermal expansion comparable to that of other widely used materials such as steel and concrete.

Icosahedron
In geometry, an icosahedron (/ˌaɪkɒsəˈhiːdrən, -kə-, -koʊ-/ or /aɪˌkɒsəˈhiːdrən/) is a polyhedron with 20 faces. The name comes from Ancient Greek  εἴκοσι (eíkosi) 'twenty' and  ἕδρα (hédra) 'seat'. The plural can be either "icosahedra" (/-drə/) or "icosahedrons".

There are infinitely many non-similar shapes of icosahedra, some of them being more symmetrical than others. The best known is the (convex, non-stellated) regular icosahedron—one of the Platonic solids—whose faces are 20 equilateral triangles.
William T. Innes
William Thornton Innes III, L.H.D. (February 2, 1874 – February 27, 1969) was an American aquarist, author, photographer, printer and publisher. Innes was the author of numerous influential books and hundreds of articles about aquarium fish, aquatic plants and aquarium maintenance during the formative years of the aquarium hobby in America. Born in Philadelphia, he was the founder, publisher and editor of The Aquarium, the first successful national magazine dedicated to aquarists. The magazine ran monthly for thirty-five years from May 1932 through January 1967.

Doctor of Humane Letters
The degree of Doctor of Humane Letters (Latin: Litterarum humanarum doctor; DHumLitt, DHL, or LHD) is an honorary degree awarded to those who have distinguished themselves through humanitarian and philanthropic contributions to society.

The criteria for awarding the degree differ from institution to institution; however, it is typically given to persons outside the university invited to be keynote speakers at the most important university events, or to faculty members or alumni of the institution who have, in the eyes of the institution or the wider world, distinguished themselves in some way.

The flexibility in interpretation has resulted in universities awarding unique variants of the degree.  For example, in 1996 Southampton College awarded Kermit the Frog an honorary "doctorate of Amphibious Letters" in recognition for his contribution to children's education.
Etcetera Ejikeme
Paschal Uche Ejikeme Listenⓘ (/ˈʊtʃeɪ/ /ˈeɪdʒikɛmɛ/;born December 14, 1975), better known by his stage name Etcetera Ejikeme, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, social activist, columnist and radio personality.

In 2004, Etcetera Ejikeme met OJB Jezreel and Joekaynie to record his first studio song Michelle, which gained nationwide airplay. That same year, he recorded two more songs, Love Should Last and Life For You. In 2007, he met Steve Babaeko through a friend and signed to X3M Music on a three-year and two albums contract that expired in 2010.

OJB Jezreel
Babatunde Okungbowa (4 July 1966 – 14 June 2016), popularly known by his stage name OJB Jezreel or OJB, was a Nigerian singer, songwriter and record producer. He died on June 14, 2016, of kidney disease.
Clark's Grant
Clark's Grant was a tract of land granted in 1781 to George Rogers Clark and the soldiers who fought with him during the American Revolutionary War by the state of Virginia in honor of their service. The tract was 150,000 acres (610 km2) and located in present-day Clark County, Indiana, and parts of the surrounding counties.

Clark County, Indiana
Clark County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana, located directly across the Ohio River from Louisville, Kentucky. At the 2020 census, the population was 121,093. The county seat is Jeffersonville. Clark County is part of the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Somerset Militia
The Somerset Militia was an auxiliary military force in the county of Somerset in South West England. From their formal organisation as Trained Bands in 1558 until their final service as the Special Reserve, the Militia regiments of the county carried out internal security and home defence duties in all of Britain's major wars. They saw active service during the Second Bishops' War, the English Civil War, the Monmouth Rebellion and the Second Boer War, and finally trained thousands of reinforcements during World War I. After a shadowy postwar existence they were formally disbanded in 1953.

Militia (England)
The English Militia was the principal military reserve force of the Kingdom of England. Militia units were repeatedly raised in England from the Anglo-Saxon period onwards for internal security duties and to defend against external invasions. One of the first militia units in England were the fyrd, which were raised from freemen to defend the estate of their local Shire's lord or accompany the housecarls on offensive expeditions. During the Middle Ages, English militia units continued to be raised for service in various conflicts such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War and the Wars of the Roses. Militia troops continued to see service in Tudor and Stuart periods, most prominently in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Following the Acts of Union 1707, the English Militia was transformed into the British Militia.
Tatar Cavalry Regiment
The Tatar Cavalry Regiment (Azerbaijani: Tatar süvari alayı; Russian: Татарский конный полк) was one of the regiments of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division of the Imperial Russian Army, which was formed from Tatars (Azerbaijanis) of Elisavetpol and Baku Governorate, and also the Borchali uezd of Tiflis Governorate.

Tiflis Governorate
Tiflis Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire with its administrative centre in Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi). In 1897, it constituted 44,607 square kilometres (17,223 sq mi) in area and had a population of 1,051,032 inhabitants. Tiflis Governorate bordered Elizavetpol Governorate to the southeast, Erivan Governorate to the south, Kars Oblast to the southwest, Batum Oblast to the west, Kutaisi Governorate to the northwest, Terek Oblast to the north, Dagestan Oblast to the northeast, and after 1905, the Zakatal Okrug to the east. The governorate covered areas of central and southeastern Georgia, the partially recognised state of South Ossetia, most of the Lori Province of Armenia, small parts of northwestern Azerbaijan, and a minuscule southern part of Ingushetia of Russia.
Nara Basin
The Nara Basin (奈良盆地 Nara-bonchi), also known as the Yamato Basin (大和盆地 Yamato-bonchi), is a valley in the north-western part of Nara Prefecture, Japan. It has an area of roughly 300 square kilometres (120 sq mi). It is surrounded on four sides by mountains: the Yamato Plateau in the east, the Ikoma-Kongō range in the west, the Narayama Hills in the north (which separate it from the Kyoto Basin), and the Ryūmon Mountains in the south.

The valley itself makes up only around 8% of the land area of Nara Prefecture, but the terrain is especially fit for rice production, and as the site of the ancient capital of Heijō-kyō it served as a political and cultural centre. Today it is closely connected to the Keihanshin metropolitan area by a strong transport infrastructure, with several major cities growing up in the area in addition to the prefectural capital Nara, and is the most densely populated region of the prefecture.

Mount Kongō
Mount Kongō (金剛山, Kongō-san) is a 1,125-metre-high (3,691 ft) mountain in the Kongō Range in the Kawachi region of Osaka Prefecture, Kansai, Japan.  It is near Mount Yamato Katsuragi.

The mountain has lent its name to a series of naval ships and ship classes: the Imperial Japanese Navy's 1877 ironclad Kongō; the 1912 battleship Kongō, the name ship of her class; and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force's current destroyer Kongō (DDG-173), also the name ship of her class.
John Colin De Silva
Vice Admiral John Colin De Silva, PVSM, AVSM (18 September 1943 – 20 November 2019) was a flag officer in the Indian Navy. He last served as the Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) from 2001 to 2002. He also served as the 11th Director General of the Indian Coast Guard, which he led from 1999 to 2001. He was the commissioning commanding officer of the Rajput-class guided-missile destroyer INS Ranvijay (D55). After retiring from the Navy, he served as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Overseas Employment Agency, an agency set up by the Government of Goa.

Rajput-class destroyer
The Rajput-class guided-missile destroyers built for the Indian Navy are modified versions of Soviet Kashin-class destroyers. They are also known as the Kashin-II class. The ships were built in the former Soviet Union after considerable Indian design modifications to the Kashin design. These included the replacement of the helicopter pad in the original design with a flight elevator, as well as major changes to the electronics and combat systems. Five units were built for export to India in the 1980s. All units are currently attached to the Eastern Naval Command.