hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leonard Christian
Leonard Glenn Christian (born September 22, 1965) is an American politician and businessman. Christian serves as a member of the Washington State Senate, representing the 4th district, having been elected in 2024. He previously served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 2023 until 2025, having been elected in 2022. He was appointed to the state House in 2014 to fill out the remainder of the term of Representative Larry Crouse.

Larry Crouse
Larry W. Crouse (born September 12, 1944) is an American politician of the Republican Party. He was a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 4th legislative district. Crouse resigned midway through the 63rd Washington State Legislature due to health issues; at the time of his resignation, he was the longest-serving Republican in the body.
Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark
Denmark made extensive use of narrow-gauge railways using a wide variety of gauges Smalspor for its industrial and agricultural sectors.

For instance, 700 mm (2 ft 3+9⁄16 in) gauge was used by The Danish Sugar Factories for the sugar beet railways roebane. Other industrial railways carried raw material and other freight such as sugarcane, calcium, limestone, chalk, metals, steel, wood, stone, clay, bricks, oil, timber, coal, sand, gravel, peat and meat, fish, salt, minerals, lignite, dirt, stone caol and brown coal, water and other kinds of materials. Some railways was used for personal use and passengers and some for construction use and military use.

De Danske Sukkerfabrikker
De Danske Sukkerfabrikker (lit. 'the Danish Sugar Factories') was a Danish sugar manufacturing company established in 1872 in Copenhagen, Denmark. It played a central role in the development of a thriving Danish sugar industry based on sugar beets from Lolland-Falster, Møn and Funen. The company merged with Danisco and De Danske Spritfabrikker in 1989. It then continued as Danisco Sugar Sector until 2011, when it was acquired by Nordzucker and renamed Nordic Sugar.

The Danish Sugar Museum in Nakskov contains an exhibition about the history of the company. A number of historic factories and warehouses have survived. These include a monumental warehouse at Applebys Plads in Copenhagen.
Chinbrook
Chinbrook is an area of south east London, England, located 14 km (8.7 mi) southeast of Charing Cross in the London Borough of Lewisham. Chinbrook lies between Grove Park and Mottingham, approximately half a mile east of Grove Park centre and is generally considered part of Grove Park.

Most of Chinbrook including the main crossroads falls within the London Borough of Lewisham and under the postcode district SE12, although immediately northeast from the crossroads is the border with the London Borough of Bromley and the SE9 postcode district. The River Quaggy flows northward through Chinbrook and forms part of the borough and postal boundaries there.

Grove Park, Lewisham
Grove Park is a district of South East London, England within the London Borough of Lewisham. It is located north east of Bromley and south east of Lewisham.

Known for its green spaces, Grove Park is flanked by the Grove Park Nature Reserve and Northbrook Park, and Downham Fields to the west, Horn Park to the East, as well as Chinbrook Meadows, Kings Meadow and Sundridge Park to the south. As well as these there are various sports grounds and fields.
Compagnie d'ordonnance
The compagnie d'ordonnance was the first standing army of late medieval and early modern France. The system was the forefather of the modern company. Each compagnie consisted of 100 lances fournies, which was built around a heavily armed and armored gendarme (heavy cavalryman), with assisting pages or squires, archers and men-at-arms, for a total of 600 men. By 1445, France had 15 compagnies, for an army of 9,000 men, of which 6,000 were combatants and 3,000 non-combatants. Over the course of the 15th century, the compagnies d'ordonnance expanded to a peak strength of 58 compagnies of 4,000 lances and 24,000 men in 1483. It was later supplemented by the bandes d'artillerie, the franc-archers militia after 1448 and standing infantry regiments (bandes d'infanterie) from 1480 onward.

The compagnies d'ordonnance were replaced by the gendarmerie system in the 17th century.

Gendarme (historical)
A gendarme was a heavy cavalryman of noble birth, primarily serving in the French army from the Late Middle Ages to the early modern period. Heirs to the knights of French medieval feudal armies, French gendarmes enjoyed like their forefathers a great reputation and were regarded as the finest European heavy cavalry force until the decline of chivalric ideals largely due to the ever-evolving developments in gunpowder technology. They provided the King of France with a potent regular force of armored lancers which, when properly employed, dominated late medieval and early modern battlefields. Their symbolic demise is generally considered to be the Battle of Pavia, which saw the gendarmes suffer a disastrous defeat and inversely confirmed the rise of the Spanish Tercios as the new dominant military force, leading to the preeminence of the House of Habsburg in 16th century Europe.
Virginia Hall (Dallas, Texas)
Virginia Hall is a historic building on the campus of Southern Methodist University in University Park, Texas, U.S.. It was built in 1927, and designed by Wyatt C. Hedrick in the Georgian Revival architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 27, 1980.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Texas. There are 35 districts, 115 individual properties, and three former properties listed on the National Register in the county. Two districts and one individually listed property are also National Historic Landmarks. Four individually listed properties are State Antiquities Landmarks with five districts containing several more. Twenty-two individual properties are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks while seven districts host multiple additional RTHLs.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 2, 2026.
Mary Arundell (courtier)
Mary Arundell, Countess of Arundel (died 20 or 21 October 1557), was an English courtier. She was the only child of Sir John Arundell (1474 – 1545) of Lanherne, Cornwall, by his second wife, Katherine Grenville. She was a gentlewoman at court in the reign of King Henry VIII, serving two of Henry VIII's Queens, and the King's daughter, Princess Mary. She was traditionally believed to have been "the erudite Mary Arundell", the supposed translator of verses now known to have been the work of her stepdaughter, Mary FitzAlan, later the first wife of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk.

St Mawgan
St Mawgan or St Mawgan in Pydar (Cornish: Lannhernow) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The population of this parish at the 2011 census was 1,307.  The village is situated four miles northeast of Newquay, and the parish also includes the hamlet of Mawgan Porth. The surviving manor house known as Lanherne House is an early 16th-century grade I listed building.  The nearby Royal Air Force station, RAF St Mawgan, takes its name from the village and is next to Newquay Cornwall Airport. The River Menalhyl runs through St Mawgan village and the valley is known as The Vale of Lanherne. It was the subject of a poem by poet Henry Sewell Stokes.
Human rights in Egypt under the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
Human rights in the post-Mubarak transition have been the subject of concern and controversy since the 2011 Egyptian revolution. The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) Arabic: المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة, al-Maǧlis al-ʾAʿlā lil-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥah in particular have been the focus of concerns about human rights violations. The SCAF, which consists of a body of 20 senior officers in the Egyptian military, was handed the power to govern Egypt after the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak on 11 February 2011 as a consequence of the revolution.

Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF; Arabic: المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة, al-Maǧlis al-ʾAʿlā lil-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa, also Higher Council of the Armed Forces) is a statutory body of between 20 and 25 senior officers of the Egyptian Armed Forces, and is headed by President Abdel Fattah еl-Sisi and Lieutenant General Abdel Mageed Saqr. The council is convened only in cases of war or great internal emergencies.

As a consequence of the 2011 Egyptian revolution, the SCAF assumed power to govern Egypt from departing President Hosni Mubarak on 11 February 2011, and relinquished power on 30 June 2012 on the inauguration of Mohamed Morsi as president.
Cambrian Stage 4
Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui. Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to 514.5 million years ago. The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.

Wuliuan
The Wuliuan stage is the fifth stage of the Cambrian, and the first stage of the Miaolingian Series of the Cambrian.  It was formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in 2018.
Its base is defined by the first appearance of the trilobite species Oryctocephalus indicus; it ends with the beginning of the Drumian Stage, marked by the first appearance of the trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus around 504.5 million years ago.

The 'golden spike' that formally defines the base of the age is driven into the Wuliu-Zengjiayan (乌溜-曾家崖) section of the Kaili formation, near Balang Village in the Miaoling Mountains, Guizhou, China.
Cyclically reduced word
In mathematics, cyclically reduced word is a concept of combinatorial group theory.

Let F(X) be a free group. Then a word in F(X) is said to be cyclically reduced if and only if every cyclic permutation of the word is reduced.

Word (group theory)
In group theory, a word is any written product of group elements and their inverses.  For example, if x, y and z are elements of a group G, then xy, z−1xzz and y−1zxx−1yz−1 are words in the set {x, y, z}.  Two different words may evaluate to the same value in G, or even in every group.  Words play an important role in the theory of free groups and presentations, and are central objects of study in combinatorial group theory.
Sehol X6
The Sehol X6 is a compact crossover produced by JAC Motors under the Sehol brand. The Sehol X6 was originally planned to be named the Sehol X5 during early development, and was based on the same platform as the JAC Refine S5 while being updated for the Sehol brand featuring a completely different design. Being also a compact crossover, the Sehol X6 was positioned lower than the Sehol QX or globally the JAC JS6 and above the Sehol X4.

Sehol X4
The Sehol X4 or previously the JAC Jiayue X4 is a compact crossover produced by JAC Motors under the Sehol brand. The Sehol X4 was briefly called the Sol X4 and JAC Jiayue X4 before the Sehol brand name was established. The Sehol X4 is essentially an extensive facelift of the previously launched JAC Refine S4.

The X4 is also rebranded as the Moskvitch 3 in Russia.

Sehol X4s are manufactured in Hefei and also assembled from knock-down kits at the Moscow Automobile Plant Moskvitch, in partnership with Kamaz.
Pseudo-LRU
Pseudo-LRU or PLRU is a family of cache algorithms which improve on the performance of the Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm by replacing values using approximate measures of age rather than maintaining the exact age of every value in the cache.

PLRU usually refers to two cache replacement algorithms: tree-PLRU and bit-PLRU.

Cache replacement policies
In computing, cache replacement policies (also known as cache replacement algorithms or cache algorithms) are optimizing instructions or algorithms which a computer program or hardware-maintained structure can utilize to manage a cache of information. Caching improves performance by keeping recent or often-used data items in memory locations which are faster, or computationally cheaper to access, than normal memory stores. When the cache is full, the algorithm must choose which items to discard to make room for new data.
Williston-West Church and Parish House
The Williston-West Church and Parish House are an historic church and house at 32 Thomas Street in the West End neighborhood of Portland, Maine, United States. The church was built in 1897, and is a significant Gothic work by Francis H. Fassett. The parish house, built in 1905, was designed by father-and-son duo John Calvin Stevens and John Howard Stevens. The church is historically notable as the founding site of Christian Endeavor International, considered a major forerunner of modern youth ministries. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The church congregation merged with another in 2011, and the property was sold for rehabilitation and redevelopment. It now houses professional offices.

West End (Portland, Maine)
The West End is a downtown neighborhood in Portland, Maine. It is located on the western side of Portland's peninsula primarily on Bramhall Hill and is noted for its architecture and history. The neighborhood is home to many late 19th- and early 20th-century homes and, in 2010, it was called "one of the best preserved Victorian neighborhoods in the country". The Western Promenade, a park laid out in 1836, overlooks the forests and small settlements of Southwestern Maine, along with the distant White Mountains. Other historic structures include 68 High Street, The Gothic House, Brown House, Butler House, Ingraham House, Morrill Mansion and the Minott House.

The West End is known for ethnic and socioeconomic diversity; in 1994, it was called one of Portland's 'gay-friendly' neighborhoods.
Geolimnichus
Geolimnichus is a genus of minute marsh-loving beetles, endemic to South Africa, in the subfamily Limnichinae. It was discovered in 2003 by Carles Hernando and Ignacio Ribera. It has two known species, G. coprophilus and G. endroedyi, the latter of which is its type species.

Limnichidae
Limnichidae, commonly called minute marsh-loving beetles, is a family of beetles belonging to Byrrhoidea. There are at least 30 genera and 350 described species in Limnichidae. They are found worldwide, with the greatest diversity in tropical regions. Most species seem to be associated with water-adjacent habitats, such as riparian and coastal locations, though many species are likely fully terrestrial, with some species being associated with leaf litter and arboreal habitats. Species with known diets feed on moss or algae. The oldest fossils of the family are known from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber from Myanmar.
Creator ownership in comics
In the United States, creator ownership in comics is an arrangement in which the comic book creator retains full ownership of the material, regardless of whether the work is self-published or published by a corporate publisher.

In some fields of publishing, such as fiction writing, creator ownership has historically been standard. In other fields—such as comics, recorded music, or motion pictures—creator ownership has traditionally been uncommon, with either work for hire or publisher purchase of the material being standard practice.

Work for hire
In copyright law, a work made for hire (work for hire or WFH) is a work whose copyright is initially owned by an entity other than the actual creator as a result of an employment relationship or, in some cases, a commission. It is an exception to the general rule that the person who actually creates a work is the legally-recognized author of that work.

In the United States, United Kingdom, and several other jurisdictions, if a work is created by an employee as part of their job duties, the employer is considered the legal author or first owner of copyright. In some countries, this is known as corporate authorship. The entity serving as an employer may be a corporation or other legal entity, an organization, or an individual.

The work for hire doctrine originated in United States copyright law, but other countries have adopted similar legal principles. In the jurisprudence of the United Kingdom and India, the hiring party is referred to as the first owner of copyright.
Hampton Dellinger
Hampton Yeats Dellinger (born April 30, 1967) is an American lawyer who served as Special Counsel of the U.S. Office of Special Counsel until fired by President Donald Trump. Initially dismissed on February 7, 2025, Dellinger sued to keep his job and gained rulings by a federal district court judge preventing his immediate dismissal. However, on March 5, 2025, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit lifted the injunction imposed by the district court, allowing his dismissal, and the next day Dellinger dropped the legal action to keep his job.

Dellinger previously served as the United States Assistant Attorney General for Legal Policy and had been a partner at Boies, Schiller & Flexner and at Robinson, Bradshaw, and Hinson.

Office of Legal Policy
The Office of Legal Policy (OLP) is a senior management office within the United States Department of Justice, which describes itself as the "focal point for the development and coordination of Departmental policy." In addition to rendering legal advice to the United States Attorney General and subordinate offices within the Justice Department, it serves as a nexus where major policy decisions within the department can be developed, coordinated, and implemented. The Office is currently led by assistant attorney general Daniel E. Burrows.
Berber tribes
Berber tribes are tribes of Berber descent inhabiting the Maghreb region. They are traditionally divided into three large tribal confederations: Masmuda, Zenata and Sanhaja. They often form smaller confederations of tribes together (for example the Haha or the Ait Yafelman). Medieval historian Ibn Khaldun and other medieval genealogists also categorised Berber tribes into either the Baranis or Butr to refer to whether they were sedentary or nomadic.

Ait Yafelman
The Ait Yafelman (Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴼⵍⵎⴰⵏ, romanized: Ayt Yaflman, lit. 'those who have found peace') are a large Berber tribal confederation spread over the southern end of the High Atlas of Morocco. They originally consisted of 4 tribes: Ait Morghad, Ait Haddidou, Ait Izdeg and Ait Yehia.  These tribes created the alliance in the 17th century to counter the expansion of their Ait Atta neighbours. The Ait Yafelman speak Central Atlas Tamazight.
NEW (TV station)
NEW-10 is a television station broadcasting in Perth, Western Australia, and is a member of Network 10.

NEW10 broadcasts in digital television on VHF Channel 11 from Carmel, located in the Perth Hills. Its studios are located in Subiaco. NEW broadcasts good quality 1080i high definition digital programming sourced from Sydney. The callsign NEW10 was chosen for promotional purposes when the station first launched.

The station's former studios in Dianella were formerly host to the facilities of the regional Western Australian television station WIN Television WA (from 1999 to 2007) until WIN Corporation bought out competitor STW-9 in June 2007 and moved all WA operations to their studios.

STW
STW is an Australian television station owned by the Nine Network that is based in Perth, Western Australia.
STW broadcasts from a shared facility transmitter mast located in Carmel. The station callsign, STW, is an acronym of Swan Television, Western Australia.
Jamaica Intensive Reading Clinic
Jamaica Intensive Reading Clinic (abbreviation: JIRC) is a non-governmental organization based in Montego Bay, Jamaica. The organization was founded in 2016 with the goal of promoting and enhancing education among youths in Jamaica

Montego Bay
Montego Bay (Jamaican Patois: Mobay or Muhbay) is the capital of the parish of St. James in Jamaica. The city is the fourth most populous urban area in the country, after Kingston, Spanish Town, and Portmore, all of which form the Greater Kingston Metropolitan Area, home to more than half a million people. As a result, Montego Bay is the second-largest anglophone city in the Caribbean, after Kingston.

Montego Bay is a popular tourist destination featuring duty-free shopping, a cruise line terminal and several beaches and resorts. The city is served by the Donald Sangster International Airport, the busiest airport in the Anglophone Caribbean, which is located within the official city limits. The city is enclosed in a watershed, drained by several rivers such as the Montego River. Montego Bay is referred to as "The Second City", "MoBay" or "Bay".
1948 United States Senate election in Tennessee
The 1948 United States Senate election in Tennessee took place on November 2, 1948, concurrently with the U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic Senator Tom Stewart was defeated in the Democratic primary by Estes Kefauver. In the general election, Kefauver defeated Republican Congressman B. Carroll Reece.

1948 United States Senate elections
The 1948 United States Senate elections were held concurrently with the election of Democratic President Harry S. Truman for a full term. The 32 seats of Class 2 were contested in regular elections, and one special election was held to fill a vacancy. Truman campaigned against an "obstructionist" Congress that had blocked many of his initiatives, and additionally, the U.S. economy recovered from the postwar recession of 1946–1947 by election day.

Thus, Truman was rewarded with a Democratic gain of nine seats in the Senate, enough to give them control of the chamber. This was the first time since 1936 that Democrats posted a net gain of seats in the chamber. This was the last time until 2020 that Democrats flipped a chamber of Congress in a presidential election cycle.
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg State Railways
The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg Railway (Großherzoglich Oldenburgische Eisenbahn or GOE) was the railway company that was run as a state railway for the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (Großherzogtum Oldenburg), part of the German Empire.

Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (German: Großherzogtum Oldenburg, also known as Holstein-Oldenburg) was a grand duchy within the German Confederation, North German Confederation and German Empire, that consisted of three widely separated territories: Oldenburg, Eutin and Birkenfeld. It ranked tenth among the German states,  had one vote in the Bundesrat, and three members in the Reichstag. Its ruling family, the House of Oldenburg, also came to rule in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece, Russia and United Kingdom.