hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Web analytics
Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of web data to understand and optimize web usage. Web analytics is not just a process for measuring web traffic but can be used as a tool for business and market research and assess and improve website effectiveness. Web analytics applications can also help companies measure the results of traditional print or broadcast advertising campaigns. It can be used to estimate how traffic to a website changes after launching a new advertising campaign. Web analytics provides information about the number of visitors to a website and the number of page views, or creates user behaviour profiles. It helps gauge traffic and popularity trends, which is useful for market research.

Data collection
Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. Data collection is a research component in all study fields, including physical and social sciences, humanities, and business. While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same. The goal for all data collection is to capture evidence that allows data analysis to lead to the formulation of credible answers to the questions that have been posed.

Regardless of the field of or preference for defining data (quantitative or qualitative), accurate data collection is essential to maintain research integrity. The selection of appropriate data collection instruments (existing, modified, or newly developed) and delineated instructions for their correct use reduce the likelihood of errors.
Geolycosa turricola
Geolycosa turricola is a species of wolf spider in the family Lycosidae. It is found in the eastern United States and as far west as Ohio. The spider has a two year life cycle, with copulation occurring in late summer.

Wolf spider
Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae (from Ancient Greek  λύκος (lúkos) 'wolf'), named for their robust and agile hunting skills and excellent eyesight.

They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and usually do not spin webs. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or chasing it over short distances; others wait for passing prey in or near the mouth of a burrow.

Wolf spiders resemble nursery web spiders (family Pisauridae), but wolf spiders carry their egg sacs by attaching them to their spinnerets, while the Pisauridae carry their egg sacs with their chelicerae and pedipalps.

Two of the wolf spider's eight eyes are large and prominent; this distinguishes them from nursery web spiders, whose eyes are all of roughly equal size. This can also help distinguish them from the similar-looking grass spiders.
Sonamarg Tunnel
The Sonamarg Tunnel (Hindi: सोनमर्ग सुरंग)  is a 6.5-kilometre-long (4.0 mi) road tunnel connecting Gagangir and Sonamarg in Ganderbal district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It carries two lanes of National Highway 1. It bypasses a Z-shaped stretch of road, which used to be avalanche-prone and get blocked during the winter months due to heavy snowfall. However, now the tunnel provides all-weather connectivity to Sonamarg. It takes only 15 minutes to travel the 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) long tunnel compared to hours over the previous zig-zag road.

Together with the adjacent Zoji-La Tunnel, this geostrategically important tunnel provides year-round all-weather connectivity to Baltal (Amarnath cave), Kargil and other places in Ladakh, enhances Indian military logistics and boosts tourism and local economy. It is one of 31 road tunnels, 20 in J&K and 11 in Ladakh, constructed at a combined cost of ₹1.4 lakh crore (~US$17.5 billion).

National Highway 1 (India)
National Highway 1 (NH 1) in India runs between the union territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. It comprises parts of old NH1A and NH1D. The number 1 indicates, under the new numbering system, that it is the northernmost East–west highway in India.
Omar Ahmad (politician)
Omar Ahmad (June 25, 1964 – May 10, 2011) was an American Internet entrepreneur and politician. Ahmad formerly served as the Chief technology officer of Napster in addition to many other positions and ventures in Silicon Valley. In 2007, he was elected to the city council of San Carlos, California. He served as Mayor of San Carlos from November 2010 until his death in 2011.

Chief technology officer
A chief technology officer (CTO), chief technical officer, or chief technologist is a corporate officer tasked with managing technical operations of an organization. They oversee and supervise research and development and serve as a technical advisor to a higher executive such as a chief executive officer.

A CTO is very similar to a chief information officer (CIO). CTOs will make decisions for the overarching technology infrastructure that closely align with the organization's goals, while CIOs work alongside the organization's information technology ("IT") staff members to perform everyday operations. The attributes of the roles a CTO holds vary from one company to another, mainly depending on their organizational structure.
Judith Becker
Judith O. Becker (born September 3, 1932) is an American academic and educator. She is a scholar of the musical and religious cultures of South and Southeast Asia, the Islamic world and the Americas. Her work combines linguistic, musical, anthropological, and empirical perspectives. As an ethnomusicologist and Southeast Asianist, she is noted for her study of musics in South and Southeast Asia, including Javanese gamelan, Burmese harp, music and trance, music and emotion, neuroscience, and a theoretical rapprochement of empirical and qualitative methods. Becker teaches at the University of Michigan. In 2000, Becker was named the Glenn McGeoch Collegiate Professor of Musicology at the University of Michigan, and she was named professor emerita of music in 2008. From 1993 to 1997, she was a Senior Fellow of the Michigan Society of Fellows.

Saung
The saung (Burmese: စောင်း, MLCTS caung; also known as the saung-gauk (စောင်းကောက်): IPA: [sáʊɰ̃ɡaʊʔ], Burmese harp, Burma harp, or Myanmar harp), is an arched harp used in traditional Burmese music. The saung is regarded as a national musical instrument of Burma. The saung is unique in that it is a very ancient harp tradition and is said to be the only surviving harp in Asia.
Homburg Railway
The Homburg Railway (German: Homburger Bahn) is an 18 km line from Frankfurt am Main to Bad Homburg in the German state of Hesse. It was opened in 1860 as one of the first railway lines in Germany. It is now part of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn line S5 to Friedrichsdorf.

Main–Weser Railway
The Main–Weser Railway (German: Main-Weser-Bahn) is a railway line in central Germany that runs from Frankfurt am Main via Gießen to Kassel. it is named after the railway company that built the line and also operated it until 1880. It was opened between 1849 and 1852 and was one of the first railways in Germany.
Al Shabab Club (women)
Shabab Football Women Club, commonly referred to as Al-Shabab Ladies (Arabic: سيدات الشباب), is a Saudi Arabian professional women's football club based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The club plays in the Saudi Women's Premier League, the top tier of Saudi women's football

The club's origins trace back to 2017, when Storm WFC was established. In 2022, Al-Shabab acquired Storm WFC, and in 2023, they also acquired Al-Yamamah, merging both clubs to strengthen their women’s section. The current club is the result of this merger.

Al Shabab Club
Al-Shabab Saudi Football Club also known as Al-Shabab (Arabic: نادي الشباب لكرة القدم, romanized: nādī al-shabaab li-kurat al-qadam, lit. 'The Youth Football Club') is a Saudi Arabian professional football club based in Riyadh that competes in the Saudi Pro League. Founded in 1947 as Shabab Al-Riyadh (شباب الرياض; lit. 'Riyadh Youth'), it was renamed Al-Shabab in 1967.

The club earned its name, "Shabab," meaning "youth" in Arabic, due to its emphasis on developing young players at its inception. Unlike its rivals, which primarily featured senior players, the club focused on nurturing youth talent. This distinction persisted for many years, becoming a defining characteristic of the club. As a result, the club became renowned for its commitment to youth development.
TextMate
TextMate is a free and open-source general-purpose GUI text editor for macOS created by Allan Odgaard. TextMate features declarative customizations, tabs for open documents, recordable macros, folding sections, snippets, shell integration, and an extensible bundle system.

Tab (interface)
In interface design, a tab is a graphical user interface object that allows multiple documents or panels to be contained within a single window, using tabs as a navigational widget for switching between sets of documents. It is an interface style most commonly associated with web browsers, web applications, text editors, and preference panels, with window managers and tiling window managers.

Tabs are modeled after traditional card tabs inserted in paper files or card indexes (in keeping with the desktop metaphor). They are usually graphically displayed on webpages or apps as they look on paper.

Tabs may appear in a horizontal bar or as a vertical list. Horizontal tabs may have multiple rows. In some cases, tabs may be reordered or organized into multiple rows through drag and drop interactions. Implementations may support opening an existing tab in a separate window or range-selecting multiple tabs for moving, closing, or separating them.
Ralf Seppelt
Ralf Seppelt is a German mathematician, academic and author. He is a professor of Landscape Ecology and Renewable Resource Economics at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Till 2025 he was head of the Research Unit Ecosystem of the Future and the co-head of the Department of Computational Landscape Ecology at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research. Since March 2025 he is the Founding Director of Luxembourg Center for Socio-Environmental Systems, a research center of the University Luxembourg.

Seppelt's research has focused on optimizing resource use and land management strategies by modeling human-environment interactions, synthesizing regional studies for global insights, and developing theories for managing multifunctional landscapes. His authored works include articles published in academic journals, as well as contributions to books such as 3 Degrees More: The Impending Hot Season and How Nature Can Help Us Prevent It.

University of Luxembourg
The University of Luxembourg (French: Université du Luxembourg; German: Universität Luxemburg; Luxembourgish: Universitéit Lëtzebuerg) is a public research university in Esch-sur-Alzette and Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. It was founded in 2003 and is the only public university in Luxembourg.
Ali El-Hassani
Ali El-Hassani (January 1897 – 19 December 1976) was an Egyptian footballer. He competed at the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics. He played for Zamalek and Al Ahly. He was part of the Zamalek team that won the Sultan Hussein Cup in 1921, the first title in Egyptian football.

1921 Sultan Hussein Cup final
1921 Sultan Hussein Cup Final, was the final match of the 1920–21 Sultan Hussein Cup, was between Zamalek (El-Mokhtalat) and Sherwood Foresters from Great Britain, Zamalek won the match 2–1 after extra time  (1–1 before extra time), became the 1st Egyptian team to win the cup.
Södermanland Runic Inscription 113
Södermanland Runic Inscription 113 (Swedish: Södermanlands runinskrifter 113; commonly abbreviated to Sö 113) is the Rundata catalogue index for a 0.9 metres (35 in) high, 0.5 metres (20 in) wide granite runestone in Kolunda,  Stenkvista Parish, Eskilstuna Municipality, Sweden, within the historic province of Södermanland (hence its name). It was found in 1856 on a hill believed to have once had many other graves and monuments, and is believed to have originally stood atop a burial mound before falling over and being buried. It has since been moved, and now stands next to the runestone known as Sö 112 and a partial runestone (Sö NOR1998;22) discovered in 1997. Its inscription in the Younger Futhark alphabet when translated into English reads "They placed the stone here, the sons of Þorketill and Folka, in memory of father and mother. [They] made [it] valiantly."

Eskilstuna Municipality
Eskilstuna Municipality (Swedish: Eskilstuna kommun) is a municipality in Södermanland County in southeast Sweden, between Lake Mälaren and Lake Hjälmaren. The seat of the municipality is in the city of Eskilstuna.

The present municipality was formed in 1971 by the merger of the City of Eskilstuna, the City of Torshälla and five rural municipalities. It is the largest municipality in the Sörmland region in terms of population, having more than 1/3 of the overall county population.
Kafra, Bint Jbeil
Kafra (Arabic: كفرا), is a municipality in Nabatiye Governorate, in the Bint Jbeil District of southern Lebanon, about 101 kilometres (63 mi) from Beirut. The village is located in the south-western outskirts of the town of Tebnine, in the heart of the Lebanese Shia Muslim community of Jabal Amel. The village sits on an elevation of 720 metres (2,360 ft) above sea level.

Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيون), historically and communally known as Matāwila (Arabic: متاولة, plural of متوالي mutawāli; pronounced as متوالي metouéle in Lebanese Arabic), are Lebanese people who are adherents of Shia Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role alongside Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Shiite Muslims in Lebanon are synonymous with Twelver Shi'ism and are distinguished from Alawites and Isma'ilis.

Today, Shiite Muslims constitute around 31.2% of the Lebanese population per the CIA's World Factbook. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shiites are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament.
Mayor of Ulcinj
The mayor of Ulcinj, officially Mayor of the Ulcinj Municipality (Albanian: Kryetari i Komunës së Ulqinit, Montenegrin: Predsjednik Opštine Ulcinj), is head of the executive branch of the government of Ulcinj Municipality. The current officeholder is Omer Bajraktari of the United Reform Action who was elected by Municipal Assembly on 3 June 2022, following the 2022 local elections.

United Reform Action
The Civic Movement United Reform Action (Montenegrin: Građanski pokret Ujedinjena reformska akcija / Грађански покрет Уједињена реформска акција), commonly known as simply United Reform Action (URA), is a green, socially liberal, and pro-European party in Montenegro. The current party leader is former Prime Minister Dritan Abazović.
Notos (album)
Notos is an extended play by American folk rock band The Oh Hellos, released in 2017. It is the first of four albums named after the Greek wind deities known as the Anemoi. It is named after Notos (sometimes spelt Notus), the god of the south wind.

Despite its eponymous name, and the frequent references to Greek mythology throughout, like the other albums by The Oh Hellos, it carries on the band's uniquely Christian message. Each of the Anemoi albums are designed to ask a question. The question put forward by Notos is "Where did my ideas come from?".

Notus
In Greek mythology and religion, Notus (Ancient Greek: Νότος, romanized: Nótos, lit. 'south') is the god of the south wind and one of the Anemoi (wind-gods), sons of the dawn goddess Eos and the star-god Astraeus. A desiccating wind of heat, Notus was associated with the storms of late summer and early autumn, wetness, mist, and was seen as a rain-bringer. Unlike his two more notable brothers, Boreas (the god of the north wind) and Zephyrus (the god of the west wind), Notus has little to no unique mythology of his own.
Quilligan Scholars
The Quilligan Scholars award, named after one of the founding fathers of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Dr. Edward J. Quilligan, is a prestigious title in the field of Maternal-Fetal Medicine granted by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine and The Pregnancy Foundation to a select group of promising residents in obstetrics and gynaecology who exhibit unparalleled potential to become future leaders in the field of perinatology.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine  was established in 1977 and is a not-for-profit organization of over 5,000 members that are dedicated to improving maternal and child outcomes. The organization's headquarters is located in Washington, D.C.

Board certified maternal-fetal medicine physicians have an additional two to three years training in maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) and are involved in the latest advancements in maternal and fetal care. Because of their additional training, MFM's are considered high-risk pregnancy experts. The Society's primary objectives are to promote and expand research and education in maternal-fetal medicine.
Mané (football manager)
José Manuel Esnal Pardo (born 25 March 1950), commonly known as Mané, is a Spanish football manager.

His career was mostly associated to Lleida and Alavés, coaching the latter in five La Liga seasons and taking them to the 2001 UEFA Cup final.

Deportivo Alavés
Deportivo Alavés, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [depoɾˈtiβo alaˈβes]; Sporting Alavés), usually known as Alavés, is a Spanish football club based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Founded on 23 January 1921 as Sport Friends Club, the club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

It is recognized as the third-most successful team in the Basque Country following Athletic Club of Bilbao and Real Sociedad of San Sebastián. Its biggest success was in 2001 when, in the year of its debut in European competition, it reached the 2001 UEFA Cup Final, where it played against Liverpool. It was defeated 5–4 on a golden goal. In 2017, the club reached the final of the Copa del Rey, losing 3–1 to Barcelona.

The team's home kit is blue and white-striped shirt, blue shorts and white socks. It holds home matches at the 19,840-seater Mendizorrotza Stadium and uses other facilities located in Ibaia dedicated to training.
Richard H. Leigh
Admiral Richard Henry Leigh CBE (August 12, 1870 – February 4, 1946) was a United States Navy officer who served during the late 19th and early 20th century. His service included active duty in the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War, American Intervention in China, World War I, as well as numerous smaller actions in South America. His service during World War I led to the further development of hydrophone technology to hunt submarines. Following World War I Leigh rose to the rank of  four-star admiral and served as Commander, Battle Force, U.S. Fleet (COMBATFOR) from 1931 to 1932 and as Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet (CINCUS) from 1932 to 1933.

Hydrophone
A hydrophone (Ancient Greek: ὕδωρ + φωνή, lit. 'water + sound') is a microphone designed for underwater use, for recording or listening to underwater sound. Most hydrophones contain a piezoelectric transducer that generates an electric potential when subjected to a pressure change, such as a sound wave.

A hydrophone can also detect airborne sounds but is insensitive of them because it is designed to match the acoustic impedance of water, a denser fluid than air. Sound travels 4.3 times faster in water than in air, and a sound wave in water exerts a pressure 60 times more than what is exerted by a wave of the same amplitude in air. Similarly, a standard microphone can be buried in the ground, or immersed in water if it is put in a waterproof container but will give poor performance because of the similarly-bad acoustic impedance match.
Khairul Izuan
Mohd Khairul Izuan bin Rosli (born 9 March 1991) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays for Malaysia Super League club Kelantan The Real Warriors. Khairul Izuan mainly plays as an attacking midfielder but can also play as a second striker or as a right winger.

Malaysia Super League
The Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia), known simply as the Super League (Malay: Liga Super), is the men's top professional football division of the Malaysian football league system. Administered by the Football Malaysia Limited Liability Partnership (FMLLP), now known as the Malaysian Football League (MFL), the Malaysia Super League is contested by 13 clubs. Until 2022, it operated on a system of promotion and relegation with the Malaysia Premier League, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated and replaced by the promoted top two teams in that division. It has replaced the former top-tier league, Liga Perdana 1, which ran from 1998 to 2003.

37 clubs have competed since the inception of the Malaysia Super League in 2004, with eight winning the title (Selangor, Kedah Darul Aman, Kelantan, Sri Pahang, Perlis, Negeri Sembilan, LionsXII and Johor Darul Ta'zim). The current champions are Johor Darul Ta'zim, which won their eleventh title in the 2024–25 edition.
Psednos gulliensis
Psednos gulliensis is a species of snailfish (family Liparidae, ray-finned fishes), described in 2025. Psednos gulliensis was formally described and named in 2025 by ichthyologists Natalia V. Chernova and Nathan Lujan based on a deep-sea specimen from the Gully Marine Protected Area off Nova Scotia, Canada.

The Gully (Atlantic)
The Gully is a large underwater canyon in the Atlantic Ocean near the edge of the eastern continental shelf of North America. It is located east of Nova Scotia near Sable Island.

The Gully is over 65 km long and 16 km wide and reaches depths of over 1 km. It is home to a resident population of northern bottlenose whales, purple sunstarfish and deep-sea coral. Other species of whales, dolphins, fish, squid and shrimp also live there.

In 2004, Canada designated The Gully a Marine Protected Area. Fisheries and Oceans Canada prohibit oil and gas exploration within this MPA.
Bill Hare
Bill Hare is an American Grammy Award-winning audio engineer known for pioneering contemporary recording techniques in a cappella. He was the first to record voices individually, and the first to mic singers exactly as one would mic instruments. Over the course of his career, Hare has become well known for his outsize role in shaping the sound of recorded a cappella. Industry observers have called him the "patriarch" and "the Dr. Dre" of a cappella recording. Deke Sharon, founder and longtime president of the Contemporary A Cappella Society, wrote of Hare's influence in 2018: "The sound of contemporary recorded a cappella owes more to his technique, style, and pioneering than any other person."

Deke Sharon
Deke Sharon (born December 12, 1967) is an American singer, arranger, composer, director, producer, author, coach, pioneer, and teacher of a cappella music, and is one of the leaders and promoters of the contemporary a cappella community. He has been referred to as "the father of contemporary a cappella" and "the godfather of a cappella".
Saint-Gilles, Gard
Saint-Gilles (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒil] ⓘ; Provençal: Sant Geli; English: St. Giles) or Saint-Gilles-du-Gard is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.

It is the second most populous commune in the Nîmes metropolitan area.

Nîmes
Nîmes is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. Located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Cévennes mountain range, the estimated population of the commune of Nîmes stood at 148,561 in 2019.

Dubbed the most Roman city outside Italy, Nîmes has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire when the city's population was estimated at approximately 50,000–60,000. Since several famous monuments and ancient Roman buildings are located in Nîmes, including the Arena of Nîmes and the Maison carrée, the city is often referred to as the "French Rome."