hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clyde Coombs
Clyde Hamilton Coombs (July 22, 1912 – February 4, 1988) was an American psychologist specializing in the field of mathematical psychology. He devised a voting system, that was hence named Coombs' method.

Coombs founded the Mathematical Psychology program at the University of Michigan.  His students included Amos Tversky, Robyn Dawes, and Baruch Fischhoff, all important researchers in Decision Sciences. The classic text "An Introduction to Mathematical Psychology," by Coombs, Dawes, and Tversky was a must for Michigan graduate students in Mathematical and Experimental Psychology.

In 1959 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.

The development of scaling theory by Louis Guttman and Clyde Coombs has been recognized by Science as one of 62 major advances in the social sciences in the period 1900–1965

Coombs' method
Coombs' method is a ranked voting system. Like instant-runoff (IRV-RCV), Coombs' method is a sequential-loser method, where the last-place finisher according to one method is eliminated in each round. However, unlike in instant-runoff, each round has electors voting against their least-favorite candidate; the candidate ranked last by the most voters is eliminated.

The method fails several voting system criteria, including Condorcet's majority criterion, monotonicity, participation, and clone-independence. However, it does satisfy Black's single-peaked median voter criterion.: prop. 2
Badda Alatunnessa Higher Secondary School
Badda Alatunnesa Higher Secondary School is an educational institution in South Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Alhaj Nur Mia established this institution in the name of his mother.. It offers classes up to higher secondary level.

Badda Thana
Badda (Bengali: বাড্ডা) is a thana (police jurisdiction) and township in Dhaka District in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Parts of the thana are under the administrative jurisdiction of Dhaka North City Corporation ward 21, and in part, ward 17, while the rest encompasses parts of the unions of Beraid, Badda, Bhatara, and Satarkul in Tejgaon Development Circle.
Headbutt
A headbutt or butt is a targeted strike with the head, typically involving the use of robust parts of the headbutter's cranium as the area of impact. The most effective headbutts strike the most sensitive areas of an opponent, such as the nose, using the stronger bones in the forehead (frontal bone) or the back of the skull (occipital or parietal bone). The word is both a noun and a verb.

Forehead
In human anatomy, the forehead is an area of the head bounded by three features, two of the skull and one of the scalp.  The top of the forehead is marked by the hairline, the edge of the area where hair on the scalp grows.  The bottom of the forehead is marked by the supraorbital ridge, the bone feature of the skull above the eyes.  The two sides of the forehead are marked by the temporal ridge, a bone feature that links the supraorbital ridge to the coronal suture line and beyond. However, the eyebrows do not form part of the forehead.

In Terminologia Anatomica, sinciput is given as the Latin equivalent to "forehead" (etymology of sinciput: from semi- "half" and caput "head".).
Nordic combined at the 1992 Winter Olympics
The Nordic combined event at the 1992 Winter Olympics consisted of two athletic disciplines (ski jumping and cross-country skiing), held from 11 February to 17 February. The ski jumping portion and the 15 km cross-country portion of the Nordic Combined event were both held at Courchevel-le Praz. A temporary cross-country stadium was constructed in a field directly adjacent (east) to the Tremplin du Praz ski jump outrun. All other cross-country and Biathlon competitions were held at Les Saisies.

Courchevel
Courchevel (French pronunciation: [kuʁʃəvɛl]) is a French Alps ski resort located in the Tarentaise Valley. It is a part of Les Trois Vallées, the largest linked ski areas in the world.

Courchevel also refers to the towns of Courchevel 1300 (Le Praz), Courchevel 1550, Courchevel 1650 (Moriond), and Courchevel 1850, which are named for their elevations in metres. The resort centre of Courchevel is at 1,747 metres (5,732 ft) above sea level.

Sports events from the 1992 Winter Olympics and the 2023 World Ski Championships took place in Courchevel. The ski resort is considered exclusive, attracting wealthy clientele including royal families. It hosts one of the largest concentrations of five-star ranking luxury hotels.
Running on Climate
Running On Climate is a feature documentary by Robert Alstead and Joanna Clarke of icycle.ca productions Ltd. The film focuses on the election campaign in 2013 of climate scientist Andrew J. Weaver as the first Green Party Member of the Legislative Assembly in British Columbia, Canada.

The film follows a chronological, diary narrative arc starting with Weaver's nomination and following through to his first speech to the Legislative Assembly in Victoria, British Columbia.

Interwoven with the story of Weaver's campaign are secondary parallel threads looking at how other scientists working in the field of climate and climate policy have undertaken acts of civil disobedience to protest government policy on coal, oil and natural gas expansion in the U.S.A. and Canada.

Running on Climate premiered at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival in Vancouver in May 2015.

Andrew Weaver
Andrew John Weaver OBC is a Canadian scientist and former politician who represented the riding of Oak Bay-Gordon Head from 2013 to 2020 in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Weaver was the leader of the Green Party of British Columbia from 2015 to 2020. After leaving the Green caucus in January 2020, he continued to sit as an independent member but did not run for reelection in the 2020 BC election.
Madakari Nayaka
Ontisalaga Madakari Nayaka or Madakari Nayaka V or Karigundi Nayaka (1742 - 1782) was the last Nayaka of Chitradurga, India. He is considered to be the greatest of the Nayakas of Chitradurga and also Sirsi and Karigundi. He ruled from 1754 to 1779. He also gained the title of Eppatelu Palegarara Ganda (Superior ruler over 77 palegaras) by Peshwa Madhavrao I after he helped him win the Nidagallu Fort.

Chitradurga
Chitradurga is a city and the headquarters of Chitradurga district, which is located on the valley of the Vedavati river in the central part of the Indian state of Karnataka. Chitradurga is a place with historical significance and a major tourist hub of Karnataka. The city is renowned for its 15th century Kallina Kote or Stone Fortress. This is formed from two Kannada words: ‘Kallina’ means "Stone's" and Kote means "Fort". Other names used in Kannada are ‘Ukkina Kote": "Steel Fort" (metaphorically used to mean an impregnable fort) and ‘Yelusuttina Kote’: "Seven Circles Fort".
7 Spirits
7 Spirits is the first DVD released by artist Koda Kumi and was released the same day as her second studio album Grow into One. The DVD contains the music videos that correspond to her singles from albums affection and Grow into One. Along with the videos, content also includes off-shots and bonus images.

The DVD has sold more than 35,439 copies since its release in March 2003.

Grow into One
Grow into One (stylized as grow into one) is the second studio album released by Japanese pop and R&B singer Koda Kumi, released on March 19, 2003. It barely peaked in the Top 10 on Oricon, coming it at #8, and charted for 43 weeks. The album also contained, at the time, one of her best-selling singles, "Real Emotion/1000 no Kotoba". Combined with the singles, the album has sold over half a million copies in Japan.

The album featured rap duo Clench & Blistah and urban contemporary singer and producer Lisa, who had been featured on Kumi's single "Maze", after having just split from her founded hip-hop group M-Flo.
Centre Department (Ivory Coast)
Centre Department was one of the original four departments of Ivory Coast. It was established in 1961, along with Nord Department, Sud-Est Department, and Sud-Ouest Department. During Centre Department's existence, departments were the first-level administrative subdivisions of Ivory Coast.

Using current boundaries as a reference, the territory of Centre Department was composed of Lacs District, Marahoué Region, Vallée du Bandama District, and Yamoussoukro Autonomous District.

In 1969, Centre Department and the other five existing departments of the country were abolished and replaced with 24 new departments. The territory of Centre Department became the new departments of Bouaflé, Bouaké, Dimbokro, and Katiola.

Bouaké Department
Bouaké Department is a department of Gbêkê Region in Vallée du Bandama District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 931,851 making it the second most populous department in the country behind Abidjan. The seat of the department is the city of Bouaké. The sub-prefectures of the department are Bouaké-SP, Bouaké-Ville, Bounda, Brobo, Mamini, and N'Djébonouan.
Gladys Heldman
Gladys Medalie Heldman (May 13, 1922 – June 22, 2003) was an American tennis player, promoter, manager and magazine publisher.  She was the founder of World Tennis magazine. As a manager, she supported and represented Billie Jean King and eight other female tennis players: Rosie Casals, Judy Dalton, Julie Heldman, Kerry Melville, Peaches Bartkowicz, Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss. They were called the Houston Nine. She helped form the Virginia Slims Circuit in the early 1970s (the precursor of today's WTA Tour). She is a member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.

Judy Tegart-Dalton
Judy Tegart-Dalton AM (née Tegart; born 12 December 1937) is an Australian former professional tennis player. She won nine major doubles titles, and completed the career Grand Slam in women's doubles. Five of her doubles titles were with Margaret Court. Tegart was also a runner-up in 10 major doubles tournaments.
Homeroom (TV series)
Homeroom is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from September 16 to December 17, 1989. The series stars stand-up comedian Darryl Sivad as a fourth grade teacher at an inner-city school. ABC executives created the show as a vehicle for Sivad after seeing his routine on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.

Penny Johnson Jerald
Penny Johnson Jerald (born March 14, 1961) is an American actress. She played Beverly Barnes on the HBO comedy series The Larry Sanders Show, Kasidy Yates on the syndicated science fiction series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Sherry Palmer on the Fox series 24, Captain Victoria "Iron" Gates on the ABC comedy-drama series Castle, and Dr. Claire Finn on the Fox/Hulu science-fiction series The Orville, and the voice of Sarafina in The Lion King.
The Impartial Reporter
The Impartial Reporter is a newspaper based in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland which is circulated in Fermanagh, South Tyrone and the border counties of the Republic of Ireland. It is the third-oldest newspaper in Ireland, and is Fermanagh's oldest surviving weekly newspaper.

County Fermanagh
County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/, fər-MAN-ə; from Irish Fir Manach / Fear Manach, meaning 'men of Manach') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland.

The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and had a population of 63,585 as of 2021. Enniskillen is the county town and largest in both size and population.

Fermanagh is one of four counties of Northern Ireland to have a majority of its population from a Catholic background, according to the 2011 census.
Vladimir Bulavin
Vladimir Ivanovich Bulavin (Russian: Владимир Иванович Булавин; born 11 February 1953) is a Russia military and security official, the Head of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation (2016-2023).

Federal Customs Service of Russia
The Federal Customs Service of Russia (Russian: Федеральная таможенная служба Российской Федерации, Federalnaya tamozhennaya sluzhba Rossiskoy Federatsii; abbreviated ФТС России, FTS Rossii) is a Russian government service regulating customs. It is part of Russia's Ministry of Finance.
Nils Mönkemeyer
Nils Mönkemeyer (born 1978) is a German violist and academic teacher. He has recorded several CDs, of viola literature and arrangements for the viola, making it a respected solo instrument. He has been awarded several international prizes.

Deutscher Musikwettbewerb
The Deutscher Musikwettbewerb (German music competition; German: [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ muˈziːkvɛtbəˌvɛrp]) is a national music competition in Germany for classical soloists and chamber music ensembles held annually by the Deutscher Musikrat (German Music Council). It was first held in 1975 and is considered the most important competition for young musicians in Germany. The instrumental categories vary, and an extra prize is given for compositions. In even years the competition takes place in Bonn, where the Musikrat is based, and in the other years in a different German town.

Award winners not only receive monetary awards but also long-term sponsorship and support through the Musikrat, including the opportunity to perform in concerts, record CDs and recommendations to perform with orchestras as soloists.
Louis Dewis
Louis Dewis (1872–1946) was the pseudonym of Belgian Post-Impressionist painter Louis DeWachter, who was also an innovative and highly successful businessman. He helped organize and managed the first department store chain.

Biarritz
Biarritz (UK: /bɪəˈrɪts, ˈbɪərɪts/ beer-ITS, BEER-its, US: /ˌbiːəˈrɪts, ˈbiːərɪts/ BEE-ə-RITS, -⁠rits, French: [bjaʁits] ⓘ, Basque: [bi.arits̻]; also spelled Miarritze [mi.arits̻e]; Occitan: Biàrritz [ˈbjarits]) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in southwestern France. It is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the border with Spain. It is a luxurious seaside tourist destination known for the Hôtel du Palais (originally built for the Empress Eugénie c. 1855), its seafront casinos, and its surfing culture.
Bureau International des Containers
The Bureau International des Containers et du Transport Intermodal (originally French: Bureau International des Conteneurs, lit. 'International Container Bureau') (BIC) oversees standards for intermodal containers (commonly referred to as shipping containers).

The goal of the organization is to promote cooperation among corporations, governments and independent organizations relating to intermodal freight transport, the process of containerization, and the transport and handling of intermodal shipping containers.

Intermodal freight transport
Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation (e.g., rail, ship, aircraft, and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes. The method reduces cargo handling, and so improves security, reduces damage and loss, and allows freight to be transported faster. Reduced costs over road trucking is the key benefit for inter-continental use. This may be offset by reduced timings for road transport over shorter distances.
Los Angeles Guitar Quartet
The Los Angeles Guitar Quartet (LAGQ) is an American classical guitar ensemble that was formed in 1980. It consists of John Dearman, William Kanengiser, Douglas Lora (who replaced Scott Tennant at the end of 2023) and Matthew Greif (who replaced Andrew York at the end of 2006). They play nylon string guitars to imitate a variety of instruments and effects.

They have played in many styles: baroque, bluegrass, flamenco, rock, and new-age. The quartet received a Grammy Award for Best Classical Crossover Album in 2005 for Guitar Heroes.

Guitar Heroes
The Los Angeles Guitar Quartet's Guitar Heroes (2004) won best Classical-Crossover Album at the 47th Grammy Awards. The album pays respect to guitarists that have influenced LAGQ. It is widely regarded as the Los Angeles Guitar Quartet's best record to date.

While the only member of the quartet to include his own compositions on the album is Andrew York, the other members arranged different pieces.

Composers on the album include Andrew York, Pat Metheny, Ralph Towner, Evan Hirschelman, Brian Head, Bryan Johanson, Chet Atkins and Steve Howe.

The guitarists who influenced the LAGQ on the album include: Jimi Hendrix, Michael Hedges, John Mclaughlin, Los Romeros, Chet Atkins, Frank Zappa and Django Reinhardt.
Janine Micheau
Janine Micheau (17 April 1914 – 18 October 1976) was a French operatic soprano, one of the leading sopranos of her era in France, particularly associated with lyric soprano and coloratura soprano repertory.

Shéhérazade (Ravel)
Shéhérazade is the title of two works by the French composer Maurice Ravel. Both have their origins in the composer's fascination with Scheherazade, the heroine and narrator of The Arabian Nights. The first work, an overture (1898), Ravel's earliest surviving orchestral piece, was not well received at its premiere and has not subsequently been among his most popular works. Four years later he had a much greater success with a song cycle with the same title, which has remained a standard repertoire piece and has been recorded many times.

Both settings are influenced by Russian composers, particularly Rimsky-Korsakov, who had written a symphonic suite based on Scheherazade in 1888. The first composition was heavily influenced by Russian music, the second used a text inspired by Rimsky-Korsakov's symphonic poem. The musical relation between the overture and the song cycle is tenuous.
Tea and Sympathy (film)
Tea and Sympathy is a 1956 American drama film and an adaptation of Robert Anderson's 1953 stage play of the same name directed by Vincente Minnelli and produced by Pandro S. Berman for MGM in Metrocolor. The music score was by Adolph Deutsch and the cinematography by John Alton. Deborah Kerr, John Kerr and Leif Erickson reprised their original Broadway roles. Edward Andrews, Darryl Hickman, Norma Crane, Tom Laughlin, and Dean Jones were featured in supporting roles.

Tea and Sympathy (play)
Tea and Sympathy is a 1953 stage play in three acts by Robert Anderson about a male private school student, Tom Lee, who faces accusations of homosexuality. A woman, Laura, who is married to an instructor, opposes the students' shaming of Lee and romantically pursues him so he can prove that he has a masculine character. The title refers to what someone in Laura's position was supposed to offer a boy such as Tom.

Everett Evans of the Houston Chronicle called it "one of the first plays to tackle the then-taboo topic of sexual orientation and related prejudice." Evans stated that the play's final line, "Years from now, when you speak of this, and you will, be kind", is "one of the most quoted curtain lines in stage history".
Dynasty: The Reunion
Dynasty: The Reunion is a 1991 American television miniseries that served as a reunion of the 1981–1989 prime time soap opera Dynasty which continues the story of the Carringtons, a wealthy family living in Denver, Colorado. Directed by Irving J. Moore, the four-hour miniseries was broadcast in two parts on ABC on October 20 and 22, 1991.

Robin Sachs
Robin Sachs (5 February 1951 – 1 February 2013) was an English actor, active in the theatre, television and films. He was also known for his voice-over work in films and video games.

Born to a theatrical family, Sachs studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, and made a theatrical and screen career, working his way up from supporting parts in the 1970s to leading roles from the 1980s. He made his later career in the United States, and became known for his role of Ethan Rayne in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Johann Baal
Johann Baal also Pater Marianus Baal (18 December 1657 in Karlstadt – 1701) was a German composer. Baal was attached to the court of the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg. Among Baal's surviving works is a Mass in A, the five sections of which survive in the handwriting of a copy by Johann Sebastian Bach and his cousin Johann Gottfried Walther.

Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
The Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg (German: Hochstift Bamberg) was an ecclesiastical State of the Holy Roman Empire. It goes back to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bamberg established at the 1007 synod in Frankfurt, at the behest of King Henry II to further expand the spread of Christianity in the Franconian lands. The bishops obtained the status of Imperial immediacy about 1245 and ruled their estates as Prince-bishops until they were subsumed to the Electorate of Bavaria in the course of the German Mediatisation in 1802.
EuropaChorAkademie
The EuropaChorAkademie (European Choir Academy) is a German mixed choir, founded by Joshard Daus in 1997 as a group formed by students of two music universities, the University of Mainz and the University of the Arts Bremen. They have performed internationally and recorded choral works including Mahler's Second Symphony and Schönberg's Moses und Aron.

Requiem für einen jungen Dichter
Requiem für einen jungen Dichter (Requiem for a Young Poet) is an extended composition by Bernd Alois Zimmermann, written from 1967 to 1969 for two speakers, soprano and baritone soloists, three choirs, jazz band, organ, tapes and a large orchestra. Subtitled Lingual (speech work), it sets a text that includes the Latin liturgical Mass for the Dead and literary, philosophical, religious and political texts, related to politics and the history of mind during the composer's life. The work has elements of a cantata, an oratorio and an audio play.

Requiem für einen jungen Dichter was published by Schott, and has been recorded several times.
Gillman Bottom, West Virginia
Gillman Bottom is an unincorporated community in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. Gillman Bottom is located along Huff Creek and West Virginia Route 10, 4.7 miles (7.6 km) east-southeast of Man. It is part of the Mallory census-designated place.

Logan County, West Virginia
Logan County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,567. Its county seat is Logan.  Logan County comprises the Logan, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Charleston–Huntington–Ashland, WV–OH–KY Combined Statistical Area.
Catbrain
51°31′21″N 2°36′46″W﻿ / ﻿51.5225°N 2.61274°W﻿ / 51.5225; -2.61274

Catbrain Hill, simply known as Catbrain, is a small village in South Gloucestershire, England, part of the suburban North Fringe of Bristol. It is located near Cribbs Causeway, on a road that contains many car dealerships. A new housing estate has been recently constructed at Catbrain, with more developments nearby underway as of 2022. At the bottom of the hill lies the runway of the former Bristol Filton Airport.

The area belongs to the postcode area BS10.

South Gloucestershire
South Gloucestershire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Gloucestershire, South West England. Towns in the area include Yate, Chipping Sodbury, Kingswood, Thornbury, Filton, Patchway and Bradley Stoke. The southern part of its area falls within the Greater Bristol urban area surrounding the city of Bristol.

South Gloucestershire was created in 1996 to replace the Northavon district and Borough of Kingswood of the abolished county of Avon. It is separate from Gloucestershire County Council, but is part of the ceremonial county and shares Gloucestershire's Lord Lieutenant (the Sovereign's representative to the county). Because of its history as part of the county of Avon, South Gloucestershire works closely with the other unitary authorities that took over when that county was abolished, including shared services such as Avon Fire and Rescue Service and Avon and Somerset Police, together with co-operation in planning strategy for transport, roads and housing.