hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
JuMP
JuMP is an algebraic modeling language and a collection of supporting packages for mathematical optimization embedded in the Julia programming language. JuMP is used by companies, government agencies, academic institutions, software projects, and individuals to formulate and submit optimization problems to third‑party solvers.  JuMP has been specifically applied to problems in the field of operations research.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Operation Karbala-6
Operation Karbala-6 was an Iranian operation during the Iran–Iraq War to prevent Iraq from rapidly transferring units to its defense lines at Basra after Iran had launched Operation Karbala-5 to capture the city of Basra.

Iran used Basij militiamen armed with Kalashnikovs and RPG-7s, the Army's 77th Mechanized Division of Khorasan equipped with M47 and M48 tanks, 106mm recoilless rifle, 130mm and 230mm artillery, supported by attack helicopters, and IRGC's 31st Ashura Division which was armed with captured Iraqi tanks.

Siege of Basra
The siege of Basra, code-named Operation Karbala-5 or The Great Harvest (Arabic: الحصاد الاكبر), was an offensive operation carried out by Iran in an effort to capture the Iraqi port city of Basra in early 1987. This battle, known for its extensive casualties and ferocious conditions, was the biggest battle of the war and proved to be the last major Iranian offensive. The Iranians failed to reach their objective.
Formula LO
Formula LO, previously known formally as LO Formel Lista Junior, was an open wheel racing series based in mainland Europe, which often ran as a support series to the Formula Renault 2.0 Switzerland. The first season was in 2000 and is based in Switzerland, and governed by the country's National Motorsport Authority. Because motorsports are essentially banned in Switzerland, the racing takes place on circuits in surrounding nations such as France, Italy and Germany. Many of the drivers go on to race in Formula Three and especially to the closely linked Formula BMW series. The series is often considered to be in competition with the German-based ADAC Formel Masters, which formed in 2008. It is named after its primary sponsor, Lista Office, owned by Swiss racing driver Fredy Lienhard.

ADAC Formel Masters
ADAC Formel Masters was an ADAC sanctioned open wheel racing series based in Germany, held annually from 2008 to 2014. It was replacement of the local Formula BMW championship. The first season was in 2008 and is the main feeder series to the ATS Formula 3 Cup (German Formula Three Championship). Like Formula Ford, French F4 Championship and Formula Abarth, the Formel Masters is aimed at karting graduates. In 2015 it was replaced by the ADAC Formula 4.
British Academy of Management
The British Academy of Management (BAM) is a British learned society dedicated to advancing the academic discipline of management in the United Kingdom. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences.

The academy runs two flagship peer-reviewed academic journals: the British Journal of Management and the International Journal of Management Reviews as well as an annual conference. Its headquarters are in London, United Kingdom.

Academy of Social Sciences
The Academy of Social Sciences (AcSS) is a representative body for social sciences in the United Kingdom. The academy promotes social science through its sponsorship of the Campaign for Social Science, its links with Government on a variety of matters, and its own policy work in issuing public comment, responding to official consultations, and organising meetings and events about social science. It confers the title of Fellow upon nominated social scientists following a process of peer review. The academy comprises over 1000 fellows and 41 learned societies based in the UK and Europe.
2009–10 Heineken Cup pool stage
The pool stage of the 2009–10 Heineken Cup was the opening phase of the annual competition, in which 24 teams were arranged into six pools contesting of four teams each and then competed in a home-and-away double round robin. Eight teams, specifically the six pool winners and the two best runners-up, qualified for the quarter-finals, starting a knock-out phase that will end with the final at Stade de France in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis.

For the first time, the third- through fifth-ranking runners-up parachuted into the knockout stage of the European Challenge Cup. Also for the first time, the winner of the Heineken Cup will receive an automatic berth in the following season's competition. The draw for the pools took place on 9 June 2009 in Paris.

2009–10 Heineken Cup
The 2009–10 Heineken Cup was the 15th season of the Heineken Cup, the annual rugby union European club competition for clubs from the top six nations in European rugby. It started in October 2009 and ended on 22 May 2010 with the final at Stade de France in which Toulouse defeated Biarritz 21–19 to win the trophy for the fourth time.
Aoi Shiro
Aoi Shiro (アオイシロ; 'Blue Castle') is a Japanese horror adventure game by Japanese developer and publisher Success Corporation, released for the PlayStation 2 in Japan on April 5, 2008, and was later ported to Microsoft Windows with extra content. A reduced price "popular edition", included in the SuperLite 2000 Series, was released on April 28, 2009.

A remastered "HD" version for the Nintendo Switch and PC, alongside its older "sister-game" Akai Ito, was released on May 24, 2023. It has English language option and was released outside Japan.

Success (company)
Success Corporation (株式会社サクセス, Kabushiki gaisha Sakusesu) is a Japanese video game and online game developer and publisher, based in Shinagawa, Tokyo, and founded on 7 June 1978. They are best known for their Cotton series of shooter games, Zoo Keeper and others.

In 2024, they were acquired by Cave.
CampusBooks.com
CampusBooks.com is a free online textbook price comparison shopping service. The website sources information from multiple online booksellers and provides students with a selection of offers for buying, renting, and selling textbooks online.

Comparison shopping website
A comparison shopping website, sometimes called a price comparison website, price analysis tool, comparison shopping agent, shopbot, aggregator or comparison shopping engine, is a vertical search engine that shoppers use to filter and compare products based on price, features, reviews and other criteria. Most comparison shopping sites aggregate product listings from many different retailers but do not directly sell products themselves, instead earning money from affiliate marketing agreements. In the United Kingdom, these services made between £780m and £950m in revenue in 2005.  Hence, E-commerce accounted for an 18.2 percent share of total business turnover in the United Kingdom in 2012. Online sales already account for 13% of the total UK economy, and its expected to increase to 15% by 2017. There is a huge contribution of comparison shopping websites in the expansion of the current E-commerce industry.
Cambridge Park, New South Wales
Cambridge Park is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 53 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Penrith. It is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

City of Penrith
The City of Penrith is a local government area in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The seat of the city is located in Penrith, located within Sydney about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Sydney central business district. It occupies part of the traditional lands of the Darug people. First incorporated as a municipality on 12 May 1871, on 1 January 1949, the municipalities of Penrith, St Marys and Castlereagh and part of the Nepean Shire amalgamated to form a new Municipality of Penrith. Penrith was declared a City on 21 October 1959, and expanded westwards to include Emu Plains and Emu Heights, formerly part of the City of Blue Mountains, on 25 October 1963. As of the 2021 census the City of Penrith had an estimated population of 217,664. It is a member council of the Hawkesbury River County Council.

The mayor of the City of Penrith is Todd Carney, a member of the Labor Party (no relation to the NRL player).
Neohelos
Neohelos is an extinct diprotodontid marsupial, that lived from the early to middle-Miocene. There are four species assigned to this genus, Neohelos tirarensis, the type species, N. stirtoni, N. solus and N. davidridei. N. davidridei is the most derived species of the genus, and its premolar morphology shows that it is structurally and ancestor of the genus Kolopsis. All four species are from the Bullock Creek in the Northern Territory and Riversleigh of Australia.

Kolopsis
Kolopsis is an extinct genus of diprotodontid marsupials from Australia and Papua New Guinea. It contains three species, although K. rotundus may be more closely related to other zygomaturines than to Kolopsis.

†Kolopsis rotundus Plane 1967 (Pliocene, Watut River, Papua New Guinea)

†Kolopsis torus Woodburne, 1967 (Miocene, Alcoota, Northern Territory, Australia)

†Kolopsis yperus Murray, Megirian & Wells, 1993 (Miocene, Alcoota, Northern Territory, Australia)
Devil's Ridge Ultra
The Devil's Ridge Ultra (a race of  the China Mountain Trails such as the Yading Skyrun) is an international skyrunning competition held for the first time in 2016. It runs every year in September in the Gobi Desert (China), and is valid for the Skyrunner World Series.

Skyrunner World Series
The Skyrunner World Series is an annual international championship of skyrunning (high altitude endurance races) and the official International Skyrunning Federation (ISF) race circuit for mountain running. Each year the Skyrunner World Series presents a global Sky Racing calendar, attracting mountain running athletes from almost every country.
Persistence (discontinuity)
Persistence determines the possibilities of relative movement along a discontinuity in a soil or rock mass in geotechnical engineering. Discontinuities are usually differentiated in persistent, non-persistent, and abutting discontinuities (figure).

Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering)
In geotechnical engineering, a  discontinuity (often referred to as a joint) is a plane or surface that marks a change in physical or chemical characteristics in a soil or rock mass. A discontinuity can be, for example, a bedding, schistosity, foliation, joint, cleavage, fracture, fissure, crack, or fault plane. A division is made between mechanical and integral discontinuities. Discontinuities may occur multiple times with broadly the same mechanical characteristics in a discontinuity set, or may be a single discontinuity. A discontinuity makes a soil or rock mass anisotropic.
Gausel Station
Gausel Station (Norwegian: Gausel holdeplass) is a railway station in Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located at Gausel in the city of Stavanger. Located 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) from Stavanger Station, it is served by the Jæren Commuter Rail operated by Go-Ahead Norge by up to four hourly trains in each direction. The station is located along the double track section of the Sørlandet Line. The original station at Gausel was opened in 1902, and the station building was completed in 1908. This station was closed in 1966. The new station was opened on 16 November 2009 as part of the new double track from Stavanger to Sandnes. It is co-located with a Kolumbus bus stop, allowing transfer to several routes.

Stavanger Station
Stavanger Station (Norwegian: Stavanger stasjon) is a railway station in Stavanger municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the centre of the city of Stavanger and it is the terminus of the Sørlandet Line. The station is served by regional trains to Kristiansand and the Jæren Commuter Rail.
Degree (angle)
A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a unit of measurement of a plane angle in which one full rotation is assigned the value of 360 degrees.

It is not an SI unit—the SI unit of angular measure is the radian—but it is mentioned in the SI brochure as an accepted unit. Because a full rotation equals 2π radians, one degree is equivalent to ⁠π/180⁠ radians.

Radian
The radian, denoted by the symbol rad, is the unit of angle in the International System of Units (SI) and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics. It is defined such that one radian is the angle subtended at the center of a plane circle by an arc that is equal in length to the radius. The unit is defined in the SI as the coherent unit for plane angle, as well as for phase angle. Angles without explicitly specified units are generally assumed to be measured in radians, especially in mathematical writing.
Ham Ji-hoon
Ham Ji-hoon (born December 11, 1984) is a South Korean professional basketball player. He plays for Ulsan Hyundai Mobis Phoebus in the Korean Basketball League and is the club's captain and longest-serving player after Yang Dong-geun.

Yang Dong-geun (basketball)
Yang Dong-geun (born September 14, 1981) is a South Korean retired basketball player for Ulsan Mobis Phoebus and the Korean national team, where he participated at the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup. During his sixteen-year career, he won the KBL Rookie of the Year and was named Most Valuable Player (MVP) in KBL four times. He spent his entire playing career with Ulsan Mobis Phoebus, having been at the forefront of Ulsan's dominance in the league from the early 2000's. Since retiring after the 2019-20 season, he has returned to the team as a coach.
Tristram Chivers
Tristram Chivers FRSC (born 22 August 1940) is a British-Canadian chemist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Calgary. His main research interest is the inorganic chemistry of the main group elements, particularly boron, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.

Chivers was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1991 and has been described as the 'godfather' of main group chemistry in Canada.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Seosan–Yeongdeok Expressway
Seosan–Yeongdeok Expressway (Korean: 서산영덕고속도로) also known as 6th East–West Expressway is an expressway in South Korea connecting Dangjin to Yeongdeok County.

Numbered 30, it means an East–West expressway. At 305.5 km, it is the fifth-longest expressway in South Korea. Two sections of the route, Dangjin-Daejeon Expressway and Cheongju-Yeongdeok Expressway is directly connected with Gyeongbu Expressway.

Expressways in South Korea
Expressways (Korean: 고속도로; Hanja: 高速道路; RR: Gosokdoro) in South Korea, officially known as National Expressways (Korean: 고속국도; Hanja: 高速國道; RR: Gosokgukdo), are controlled-access highways that form the highest level of the country's road network. Most sections are tolled and maintained by the Korea Expressway Corporation, though a few routes are built and managed by approved private companies.
Mark Webley
Mark Webley is a British video game developer, known for working with developers such as Peter Molyneux and  Gary Carr for Bullfrog Productions and later Lionhead Studios (which he co-founded) on projects including Theme Hospital and Black & White. In 2012, he took over as head of Lionhead after Molyneux left, and in 2016, he founded a studio called Two Point Studios with Carr, which has signed a publishing deal with Sega.

Peter Molyneux
Peter Douglas Molyneux OBE (/ˈmɒlɪnjuː/; born 5 May 1959) is an English video game designer and programmer. He created the Fable series; god games Populous, Dungeon Keeper, and Black & White; as well as Theme Park, Curiosity: What's Inside the Cube?, and Godus. In 2012, he founded 22cans, a video game development studio.

In 2009, he was chosen by IGN as one of the top 100 game creators of all time.
Records of the Border Defense Council
The Records of the Border Defense Council of Joseon or Bibyeonsa Deungnok (Korean: 비변사등록) are the records of the Border Defense Council of Joseon. There are currently 273 extant books that were produced between 1617 and 1892. While the original intent was to produce one volume per year, in some years they produced multiple volumes; an uncertain number of volumes and pages are considered lost.

The records are considered a critical source for the study of Joseon history. On December 31, 1971 the Records were designated a National Treasure of South Korea.

National Treasure (South Korea)
National Treasure (Korean: 국보) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for tangible objects of significant artistic, cultural, and historical value. Examples of objects include art, artifacts, sites, or buildings. It is administered by the Korea Heritage Service (KHS). Additions to the list are decided by the Cultural Heritage Committee.

Many of the registered items are popular tourist attractions for South Korea. Examples include Jongmyo, Bulguksa, Seokguram, and the Tripitaka Koreana at Haeinsa. As of December 2020, there are 348 distinct entries on the list, some composed of a large number of sub-entries. The treasures are numbered according to the order in which they were designated, not according to their individual value.
Schenectady Locomotive Works
The Schenectady Locomotive Works was a factory in Schenectady, New York, that manufactured railroad locomotives from its founding in 1848 through its merger into American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in 1901.

After the 1901 merger, ALCO made the Schenectady plant its headquarters.

One of the better-known locomotives to come out of the Schenectady shops was Central Pacific Railroad type 4-4-0 No. 60, the Jupiter (built in September 1868), one of two steam locomotives to take part in the "Golden Spike Ceremony" to celebrate the completion of the First transcontinental railroad. Although the original was scrapped in 1909, a full-scale, operating replica was completed in 1979, and now is part of an operational display at the Golden Spike National Historical Park.

Golden Spike National Historical Park
Golden Spike National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake in east-central Box Elder County, Utah, United States. The nearest city is Corinne, approximately 23 miles (37 km) east-southeast of the site.

It commemorates the completion of the first Transcontinental Railroad where the Central Pacific Railroad and the first Union Pacific Railroad met on May 10, 1869. The final joining of the rails spanning the continent was signified by the driving of the ceremonial golden spike.
Studios Hergé
The Studios Hergé (French pronunciation: [stydjo ɛʁʒe]) were, between 1950 and 1986, a SARL company consisting of Belgian cartoonist Hergé and his collaborators, who assisted him with the creation of The Adventures of Tintin and derived products. Over the years, the studios had between 12 and 50 employees, including some prestigious artists like Jacques Martin, Bob de Moor and Roger Leloup.

Every creation produced by the studios was attributed to Hergé alone, except for three albums of Quick & Flupke which are attributed to Studios Hergé on the cover.

In 1987, the Studios were disbanded and transformed into the Hergé Foundation by Fanny Rodwell, a former colourist at the Studios and Hergé's widow.

Hergé Foundation
The Hergé Foundation is the official organisation that looks after the world and works of Hergé and his creation The Adventures of Tintin, along with his other comics like Quick & Flupke and Jo, Zette and Jocko. Created from Studios Hergé in 1987 by Fanny Rodwell, Hergé's widow, the Hergé Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation based in Brussels, the birthplace of the creator of Tintin.  It runs Hergé's estate, the official Tintin website, and the Hergé museum.
Desmethylselegiline
Desmethylselegiline (DMS), also known as norselegiline or as N-propargyl-L-amphetamine, is an active metabolite of selegiline, a medication used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and depression.

Like selegiline, DMS is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI); specifically, it is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). In addition, it is a catecholaminergic activity enhancer (CAE) similarly to selegiline. The drug also produces levoamphetamine as an active metabolite, which is a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent with sympathomimetic and psychostimulant effects.

DMS has been studied much less extensively than selegiline and has not been developed or approved for medical use.

Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
A norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) is a type of drug which induces the release of norepinephrine (and epinephrine) and dopamine in the body and/or brain. Many of these are amphetamine-type stimulants.
2019 Sports Car Challenge of Mid-Ohio
The 2019 Acura Sports Car Challenge of Mid-Ohio was a sports car race sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA). The race was held at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course in Lexington, Ohio, on May 5, 2019. It was the fourth round of the 2019 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship and the first round of the 2019 WeatherTech Sprint Cup.

2019 IMSA SportsCar Championship
The 2019 IMSA SportsCar Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2019 IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship) was the 49th motor racing championship sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) (which traces its lineage back to the 1971 IMSA GT Championship). It was the sixth season of the United SportsCar Championship and fourth to be held under the name as the IMSA SportsCar Championship. It began on January 26 with the 24 Hours of Daytona, and ended on October 12 with the Petit Le Mans. The 2019 season marked the 50th anniversary since the founding of the International Motor Sports Association.