hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pulahan
The Pulahan (literally "those wearing red" in Cebuano; Spanish: pulajanes), also known as dios-dios, were the members of a religious revival of Philippine beliefs that developed in the Visayas prior to the Philippine Revolution. At its peak, it numbered around 10,000–15,000 adherents. The movement was severely crippled during the Philippine Revolution after the Philippine Constabulary took over patrols in Samar, when the U.S. military declared the island as "pacified".

Philippine mythology
Philippine mythology is rooted in the many indigenous Philippine folk religions. Philippine mythology exhibits influence from Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, and Christian traditions.

Philippine mythology includes concepts akin to those in other belief systems, such as the notions of heaven (kaluwalhatian, kalangitan, kamurawayan), hell (kasamaan, sulad), and the human soul (kaluluwa, kaulolan, makatu, ginoand kud,...).

The primary use of Philippine mythology is to explain the nature of the world, human existence, and life's mysteries. Myths include narratives of heroes, deities (anito, Diwata), and mythological creatures. These myths were transmitted through oral tradition, handed down through generations guided by spiritual leaders or shamans, (babaylan, katalonan, mumbaki, baglan, machanitu, walian, mangubat, bahasa,...), and community elders.
2017 British Columbian government formation
The events leading up to the formation of the government of British Columbia took place between May 9 and July 18, 2017, following the 41st British Columbia general election. Neither the incumbent Liberal Party or the New Democratic Party, the two main parties in the province's legislature, were able to win a majority threshold of 44 seats, resulting in a hung parliament and uncertainty as to who would form government. By convention, the incumbent Liberals, led by Premier Christy Clark, continued to govern despite being one seat short of a parliamentary majority. Both the Liberals and the New Democrats attempted to persuade the Green Party to use their balance of power to either support or defeat the Clark government. The Green Party ultimately entered into a confidence and supply agreement with the New Democrats to support a New Democratic government led by John Horgan in exchange for the government's support of some Green Party campaign interests, such as electoral reform.

Confidence and supply
In parliamentary democracies, especially those based on the Westminster system, confidence and supply is an arrangement under which a minority government (one which does not control a majority in the legislature) receives the support of one or more parties or independent MPs on confidence votes and the state budget ("supply"). On issues other than those outlined in the confidence and supply agreement, non-government partners to the agreement are not bound to support the government on any given piece of legislation.

A coalition government is a more formal arrangement than a confidence-and-supply agreement in which junior parties (i.e., parties other than the largest) are generally expected to hold the government whip on passing legislation and formally participate in the government, with members holding office in the cabinet and ministerial roles.
Sacroiliac joint
The sacroiliac joint or SI joint (SIJ) is the joint between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis, which are connected by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine  and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side. The joint is strong,  supporting the entire weight of the upper body.  It is a synovial plane joint with irregular elevations and depressions that produce interlocking of the two bones. The human body has two sacroiliac joints, one on the left and one on the right, that often match each other but are highly variable from person to person.

Synovial joint
A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, joins bones or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces. This joint unites long bones and permits free bone movement and greater mobility. The synovial cavity/joint is filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule is made up of an outer layer of fibrous membrane, which keeps the bones together structurally, and an inner layer, the synovial membrane, which seals in the synovial fluid.

They are the most common and most movable type of joint in the body. As with most other joints, synovial joints achieve movement at the point of contact of the articulating bones. They originated 400 million years ago in the first jawed vertebrates.
Leo Franklyn
Leo Franklyn (7 April 1897 – 17 September 1975) was an English actor.  Much of his early career was in Edwardian musical comedy; in his later career he was chiefly associated with farce.

In the years between the First and Second World Wars, Franklyn was a well-known performer in musical comedies, appearing in both British and American shows.  He spent ten years performing in Australia in musical comedies.  From the 1940s he appeared regularly in pantomime as the Dame.

From the 1950s to his death he was principally associated with British farces. From 1956 to 1969 he was a member of Brian Rix's company, first at the Whitehall Theatre, and later at the Garrick.

Brian Rix
Brian Norman Roger Rix, Baron Rix (27 January 1924 – 20 August 2016) was an English actor-manager, who produced a record-breaking sequence of long-running farces on the London stage, including Dry Rot, Simple Spymen and One for the Pot. His one-night TV shows made him the joint highest paid star on the BBC. He often worked with his wife Elspet Gray and sister Sheila Mercier, who became the matriarch in Emmerdale Farm.

After his first child was born with Down syndrome, Rix became a campaigner for disability causes, among others. He entered the House of Lords as a crossbencher in 1992 and was president of Mencap from 1998 until his death.
Cameron Hawthorn
Cameron Hawthorn is an American singer and songwriter. Rooted in the country genre, his music blends elements of pop, Americana, and electronic dance music.

He's best known for his country single "Dancing in the Living Room", and its pro-LGBTQ+ music video which were met with positive reviews by country and LGBTQ+ music outlets alike.

As of 2025, Hawthorn's entire discography has been released independently. He has released two extended plays, and one studio album. His debut studio album, Church of the Outlaws was officially released on June 27, 2025. He has collaborated with musicians Bright Light Bright Light, Byron Hill, and Goldhouse.

Bright Light Bright Light
Rod Thomas (born 30 October 1982), known professionally as Bright Light Bright Light, is a Welsh electro-pop singer, DJ, composer and producer based in New York City. Bright Light Bright Light incorporates many elements of nu-disco into his music, also branching into synthpop, dance and house music. Four of his albums have reached the top 20 on the UK Independent Albums Chart.
Opuntia engelmannii
Opuntia engelmannii is a prickly pear common across the south-central and Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It goes by a variety of common names, including desert prickly pear, discus prickly pear, Engelmann's prickly pear in the US, and nopal, abrojo, joconostle, and vela de coyote in Mexico.

The nomenclatural history of this species is somewhat complicated due to the varieties, as well as its habit of hybridizing with Opuntia phaeacantha. It differs from O. phaeacantha by being green year round instead of turning reddish purple during winter or dry seasons, as well as having yellow flowers with red centers.

Opuntia phaeacantha
Opuntia phaeacantha is a species of prickly pear cactus known by the common names brown-spine prickly pear, tulip prickly pear, and desert prickly pear, which is found across the southwestern United States, lower Great Plains, and northern Mexico. The plant forms dense but localized thickets. Several varieties of this particular species occur, and it may hybridize with other prickly pears, making identification sometimes tricky.
1978 Montana House of Representatives election
The 1978 Montana House of Representatives election took place on November 7, 1978, with the primary election held on June 6, 1978. Montana voters elected all 100 members of the Montana House of Representatives to serve two-year terms. The election coincided with United States national elections and Montana state elections, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and Montana Senate.

Following the previous election in 1976, Democrats held a 57-to-43-seat majority over Republicans. Democrats maintained their majority in the legislature with 55 seats, while Republicans were elected in 45 seats—giving Republicans a net gain of two seats. The newly elected members served in the 46th Montana State Legislature, during which Democrat Harold E. Gerke was elected Speaker of the Montana House.

1978 United States Senate election in Montana
The 1978 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 7, 1978. Following the death of United States Senator Lee Metcalf on January 12, 1978, Montana Supreme Court Chief Justice Paul G. Hatfield was appointed to serve for the remainder of Metcalf's term. Hatfield opted to run for a full term, but was overwhelmingly defeated in the Democratic primary by U.S. Representative Max Baucus of the 1st congressional district. Baucus advanced to the general election, where he was opposed by the Republican nominee, author Larry R. Williams. Baucus ended up defeating Williams by a solid margin to win his first term in the Senate, and, following Hatfield's resignation on December 12, 1978, he began serving his first term in the Senate.

Despite the death of Metcalf, this was not a special election, as one for the year 1978 was already planned as a normal Senate election. Additional information needed
Patna division
Patna Division is one of the nine administrative units of Bihar, a state in the east of India. Patna is the headquarters of the division. Established in 1829, it is one of the oldest divisions of the state.

Administrative divisions of Bihar
Structurally Bihar is divided into divisions (Pramandal - प्रमंडल)), districts (Zila), sub-divisions (Anumandal) & circles (Anchal). The state is divided into 9 divisions, 38 districts, 101 subdivisions and 534 circles. 12 municipal corporations, 88 Nagar Parishads and 154 Nagar Panchayats for administrative purposes.
Margaret Davidson (suffragist)
Margaret Charlotte Davidson (1879–1978) was a modern languages teacher in Dornoch, Sutherland in the Scottish Highlands.

She was a leader in the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS); a volunteer nurse with the Scottish Women's Hospital in France during World War One; and an early Girl Guide Leader in her home town.

She is one of the few suffrage activists from this area of Scotland for whom there are historical records.

Girl Guides
Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organisations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom, following which, similar girl-only organisations were formed in other countries. Many girls and some organisations preferred to use the name Girl Scouts.
KAZU
KAZU (90.3 MHz) is a non-commercial FM radio station licensed to Pacific Grove, California, and serving the Monterey Bay area of the California Coast.  It is a listener-supported public radio station with a news, talk and information format and is owned and operated by California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB).  It is a network affiliate of National Public Radio (NPR) with radio studios and offices in the north side of Gavilan Hall on the campus of CSUMB on Sixth Avenue in Seaside.

KAZU has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 3,100 watts.  The transmitter is on Saddle Road in Monterey.  Programming is also heard on FM translators K208GJ 89.5 MHz in Santa Cruz and K217EK 91.3 MHz in Palo Colorado Canyon.

California State University, Monterey Bay
California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB or Cal State Monterey Bay) is a public university located in Monterey County, California, United States. The main campus is situated on the site of the former military base Fort Ord, spanning the cities of Seaside and Marina, approximately one mile inland from Monterey Bay along the Central Coast of California. CSUMB also maintains locations in the cities of Monterey and Salinas. Founded in 1994, CSUMB is part of the California State University system and is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission. The university is designated as a Hispanic-Serving Institution.
Hiiu County
Hiiu County (Estonian: Hiiu maakond or Hiiumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia, being the smallest county both in terms of area and population. It consists of Hiiumaa (German and Swedish: Dagö), the second-largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it. The county borders Lääne County to the east and Saare County to the south.

Counties of Estonia
The counties of Estonia (maakond) are the state administrative subdivisions of Estonia. Estonian territory is composed of 15 counties, including 13 on the mainland and 2 on islands. County governments (maavalitsus) were abolished at the end of 2017, with their duties split between state authorities and local governments, and nowadays counties have no noteworthy independent competences. Counties are composed of municipalities of two types: urban municipalities or towns (linn), and rural municipalities or parishes (vald), which are by law required to cooperate in development of their county.
Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides
Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides (stylised in all caps) is the debut studio album by British recording artist and producer Sophie and the only one to be released during her lifetime. It was released on 15 June 2018, through Transgressive, Future Classic and Sophie's own label, MSMSMSM. The title may be a mondegreen of the phrase "I love every person's insides". The album was Sophie's second full-length release after the singles collection Product (2015).

The album was met with widespread acclaim by critics and received a nomination for the Best Dance/Electronic Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. Three promotional singles were released off the album: "It's Okay to Cry", "Ponyboy", and "Faceshopping". A remix album, Oil of Every Pearl's Un-Insides Non-Stop Remix Album, was released in July 2019.

Product (Sophie album)
Product (stylised in all caps) is the debut compilation by British electronic music producer Sophie. It was released by Numbers on 27 November 2015. The 8 tracks on Product appeared as singles released from 2013 to 2015. The album was made available in "silicon bubble cases", and its release coincides with the launch of a line of apparel and a "silicon product" resembling a sex toy.

Upon its release, the compilation was met with mostly positive reviews from critics. In 2019, Numbers announced a re-release in limited quantities in its original format of four vinyl singles, each in a PVC case.

For the album's tenth anniversary, Product was released on streaming platforms on 18 June 2025 with previously unreleased song "Ooh", as well as "Get Higher", which was previously a downloadable bonus track exclusive to the Japanese release of the album, and "Unisil", previously digitally released and originally a bonus track of the "silicon product".
2010 European Men's Handball Championship
The 2010 EHF European Men's Handball Championship (9th tournament) was held in Austria from 19 to 31 January, in the cities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Linz and Wiener Neustadt.

France won the title after defeating Croatia in the final. Iceland captured the bronze medal, their first ever medal at the European Championship after defeating Poland. Defending champions Denmark finished 5th while the hosts Austria finished 9th.

European Men's Handball Championship
The European Men's Handball Championship is the official competition for senior men's national handball teams of Europe and takes place every two years since 1994, in the even-numbered year between the World Championship. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament also serves as a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship. The most successful team is Sweden who have won five titles. Spain and Denmark, however, have won most medals.
Backward Euler method
In numerical analysis and scientific computing, the backward Euler method (or implicit Euler method) is one of the most basic numerical methods for the solution of ordinary differential equations. It is similar to the (standard) Euler method, but differs in that it is an implicit method. The backward Euler method has error of order one in time.

Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Their use is also known as "numerical integration", although this term can also refer to the computation of integrals.

Many differential equations cannot be solved exactly. For practical purposes, however – such as in engineering – a numeric approximation to the solution is often sufficient. The algorithms studied here can be used to compute such an approximation. An alternative method is to use techniques from calculus to obtain a series expansion of the solution.

Ordinary differential equations occur in many scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and economics. In addition, some methods in numerical partial differential equations convert the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation, which must then be solved.
Dispersion (chemistry)
A dispersion is a system in which distributed particles of one material are dispersed in a continuous phase of another material.  The two phases may be in the same or different states of matter.

Dispersions are classified in a number of different ways, including how large the particles are in relation to the particles of the continuous phase, whether or not precipitation occurs, and the presence of Brownian motion.  In general, dispersions of particles sufficiently large for sedimentation are called suspensions, while those of smaller particles are called colloids and solutions.

Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. The particles may be visible to the naked eye, usually must be larger than one micrometer, and will eventually settle, although the mixture is only classified as a suspension when and while the particles have not settled out.
Jyotindra Nath Dixit
Jyotindra Nath Dixit (8 January 1936 – 3 January 2005) was an Indian diplomat of Indian Foreign Service , who served as the National Security Advisor of India to the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and is mostly remembered for his role as a negotiator in disputes with Pakistan and China. He also served as Foreign Secretary (1991–1994), the highest bureaucratic post in the Ministry of External Affairs.

Foreign Secretary (India)
The foreign secretary (ISO: Vidēś Saciv) is the topmost non-elected official and the administrative head of the Ministry of External Affairs. This post is held by an Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer of the rank of secretary to the government of India. Vikram Misri is the foreign secretary since July 2024, succeeding Vinay Mohan Kwatra.

As an officer of the rank of secretary to the government of India, the foreign secretary ranks 23rd on the Indian Order of Precedence. However, unlike other secretaries to the government of India, the foreign secretary is also the top diplomat of the country and heads the Foreign Service Board.

Before the post of Foreign Secretary was created, Secretary General of Ministry of External Affairs was the head of Ministry of External Affairs, which was held by Girija Bajpai and N. R. Pillai.
Tropical Storm Irina
Severe Tropical Storm Irina was a large tropical cyclone that brought gusty winds and torrential rain across Madagascar, Mozambique, and South Africa. Irina is considered one of the most devastating systems of the 2011–12 season. Irina formed from a tropical wave that was located north of Madagascar. The disturbance continued to move south and became Irina on February 27. Irina moved parallel to the Madagascar coast, causing extreme flooding which claimed 77 lives. The system still has an unknown damage total.

2011–12 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
The 2011–12 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a slightly above average event in tropical cyclone formation. It began on November 15, 2011, and ended on April 30, 2012, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, for which it ended on May 15, 2012. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the region; however, Severe Tropical Storm Kuena developed in early June, after the season had officially ended. The basin is defined as the area west of 90°E and south of the Equator in the Indian Ocean, which includes the waters around Madagascar westward to the east coast of Africa. Tropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre in Réunion.
Premier of Manitoba
The premier of Manitoba (French: premier ministre du Manitoba) is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of Manitoba—as well as the de facto President of the province's Executive Council.

In formal terms, the premier receives a commission to form a government from the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, who represents the monarch at the provincial level.

The 25th and current premier of Manitoba is Wab Kinew, who was sworn in on October 18, 2023.

Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba
The lieutenant governor of Manitoba (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/, French: lieutenant-gouverneur (if male) or lieutenante-gouverneure (if female) du Manitoba) is the representative in Manitoba of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of Manitoba is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The present, and 26th, lieutenant governor of Manitoba is Anita Neville, who has served in the role since 24 October 2022.
Tølløse railway station
Tølløse railway station is a railway station serving the railway town of Tølløse between the cities of Roskilde, Holbæk and Ringsted on the island of Zealand, Denmark.

Tølløse railway station is situated on the Northwest Line from Roskilde to Kalundborg. The station opened in 1874. It offers regional rail services to Holbæk, Roskilde and Copenhagen operated by the national railway company DSB and local train services to Slagelse operated by the regional railway company Lokaltog.

Kalundborg railway station
Kalundborg railway station (Danish: Kalundborg Station or Kalundborg Banegård) is the main railway station serving the town of Kalundborg in northwestern Zealand, Denmark. It is located in the centre of the town, close to the Port of Kalundborg, and immediately adjacent to the Kalundborg bus station and Kalundborg ferry terminal.

Kalundborg station is located on the main line Northwest Line from Roskilde to Kalundborg. The station opened in 1874, and its second and current station building designed by the architect Ole Ejnar Bonding was inaugurated in 1960. It offers direct regional rail services to Holbæk, Roskilde and Copenhagen operated by the national railway company DSB.