hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Citadel of Riga
The Citadel of Riga was a fortress in Riga, located near the Old Town, existing from the 17th to 19th centuries. It provided additional defense for the city and served as a base for the city garrison. It was heavily damaged during the Siege of Riga by the forces of Peter I in 1709 and was repeatedly rebuilt. It was decommissioned as a fortress in 1867.

Today, the name "Citadel" remains associated with the area where the fortress once stood—between the banks of the Daugava north of the Riga Castle, Krišjāņa Valdemāra Street, Kronvalda Boulevard, and the Riga city canal. Several historical buildings have been preserved.

Siege of Riga (1709–1710)
The siege of Riga in 1709–1710 was a military operation of the army of the Tsardom of Russia during the Great Northern War against the forces of the Swedish Empire defending the fortress of Riga. As a result of the operation, Riga was taken by Russian troops.
2025 Copa Federación de España
The 2025 Copa Federación de España is the 33rd edition of the Copa Federación de España, also known as Copa RFEF, a knockout competition for Spanish football clubs. The competition started in August with the first games of the Regional stages and will end 8 November with the final of the National tournament. Like previous years, the four semifinalists will qualify for the Copa del Rey first round.

2025–26 Copa del Rey
The 2025–26 Copa del Rey (branded as the Copa del Rey MAPFRE for sponsorship reasons) is the 124th staging of the Copa del Rey (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The winners are assured a place in the 2026–27 UEFA Europa League league stage. Both the winners and the runners-up will qualify for the four-team 2027 Supercopa de España.

Barcelona are the defending champions, having beaten Real Madrid in the final of the previous edition.

The final will be held at La Cartuja in Seville in April 2026.

As across Spain, match times up to 26 October 2024 and from 30 March 2025 are CEST (UTC+2). Times on interim ("winter") days are CET (UTC+1). Matches played in the Canary Islands use the WET (UTC±00:00).
Muang Sing
Muang Sing (Mueang Sing) (Lao: ເມືອງສິງ, pronounced [mɯ́aŋ sǐŋ]) is a small town and district (muang) in Luang Namtha Province, northwestern Laos, about 60 kilometres northwest of the town of Luang Namtha and 360 kilometres northwest of Vientiane. It lies very close to the border with Yunnan, China, surrounded by mountains and rivers. Historically, Muang Sing has been a major producer of opium and still has problems with drugs and smuggling, due to its proximity to China and Myanmar.

Luang Namtha
Luang Namtha (Luang Nam Tha) (Lao: ມ. ຫລວງນໍ້າທາ; Chinese: 琅南塔) is a district and the capital of Luang Namtha Province in northern Laos. The city lies on the Tha River (Nam Tha). The Luang Namtha Museum is in the town.
Karasawa Cirque
Karasawa Cirque (涸沢カール, Karasawa ka-ru) is one of major glacial cirques in Japan, located in the Kamikochi region of Azumi, Matsumoto City, in Nagano prefecture. The entire cirque and surrounding mountains are all within Chūbu-Sangaku National Park, which was designated a national park on December 4, 1934.

Kamikōchi
Kamikōchi (Japanese: 上高地; lit. Upper Highlands) is a remote mountainous highland valley within the Hida Mountains range, in the western region of Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

It has been preserved in its natural state within Chūbu-Sangaku National Park. It is designated as one of Japan's National Cultural Assets, on the list of Special Natural Monuments and Special Places of Scenic Beauty. It is sometimes referred to as the "Japanese Yosemite Valley," although it is considerably smaller than its Californian counterpart.
59th New York Infantry Regiment
The 59th New York Infantry Regiment was a regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  As part of the Second Corps of the Army of the Potomac, it played a significant role in battles such as Antietam and Gettysburg.

Army of the Potomac
The Army of the Potomac was the primary field army of the Union army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in April.
Skilling (currency)
The skilling (pronounced shilling in English) was the Scandinavian equivalent of the shilling. It was used as a subdivision of the various kinds of currencies named rigsdaler in use throughout Scandinavia, including the Danish rigsdaler, the Norwegian rigsdaler, and the Swedish riksdaler.

Swedish riksdaler
The Svenska riksdaler (Swedish pronunciation: [rɪksˈdɑːlɛr]) was the name of a Swedish coin first minted in 1604. Between 1777 and 1873, it was the currency of Sweden. The daler, like the dollar, was named after the German Thaler.  The similarly named Reichsthaler, rijksdaalder, and rigsdaler were used in Germany and Austria-Hungary, the Netherlands, and Denmark-Norway, respectively. Riksdaler is still used as a colloquial term for krona, Sweden's modern-day currency.
1946 Alabama Senate election
The 1946 Alabama Senate election took place on Tuesday, November 5, 1946, to elect 35 representatives to serve four-year terms in the Alabama Senate. The election used the same districts first drawn by the Alabama Constitution of 1901.

32 of the 35 Democratic nominees did not face any opposition in the general election. As the Democratic Party was dominant in the state, state legislative seats were generally decided at the Democratic primary election. The first round of the Democratic primary was held on May 7 with runoff elections on June 4.

Senator J. Bruce Henderson of Wilcox County was unanimously chosen to be President pro tempore of the Senate on January 14, 1947.

The election took place concurrently with elections for U.S. Senate, U.S. House, governor, state house, and numerous other state and local offices.

1946 United States Senate special election in Alabama
The 1946 United States Senate special election in Alabama was held on November 5, 1946. Primary elections were held on July 30, 1946.

Incumbent Senator John Bankhead died on June 12, 1946. The Democrats were unopposed, thus making the Democratic primary tantamount to the election. Democratic congressman John Sparkman won the primary with 50.14% of the vote.
Degarelix
Degarelix, sold under the brand name Firmagon among others, is a hormonal therapy used in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Testosterone is a male hormone that promotes growth of many prostate tumours and therefore reducing circulating testosterone to very low (castration) levels is often the treatment goal in the management of advanced prostate cancer. Degarelix has an immediate onset of action, binding to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors in the pituitary gland and blocking their interaction with GnRH. This induces a fast and profound reduction in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and in turn, testosterone suppression.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is a tropic peptide hormone synthesized and released from GnRH neurons within the hypothalamus. GnRH is inhibited by testosterone. The peptide belongs to gonadotropin-releasing hormone family. It constitutes the initial step in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.
Saimiri fieldsi
Saimiri fieldsi is an extinct species of New World monkey in the genus Saimiri (squirrel monkeys) from the Middle Miocene (Laventan in the South American land mammal ages; 13.8 to 11.8 Ma). Its remains have been found at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia.

Laventan
The Laventan (Spanish: Laventense) age is a period of geologic time (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) within the Middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Colloncuran and precedes the Mayoan age.
Hubeite
The mineral hubeite, Ca2Mn2+Fe3+[Si4O12(OH)]·(H2O)2, is a sorosilicate of the Si4O13 group. Structurally it also belongs to the Akatoreite group. It was found and named after the province of Hubei, China. It is common to iron ores in a mine of that region. It occurs mainly as aggregates of fan like crystals. It is dark to pale brown, has orange-brown streak and is vitreous. Hubeite has a hardness of 5.5 in the Mohs scale, one good cleavage and conchoidal fracture. It is triclinic with a space group of P1*. The structure of hubeite is very uncommon, and in fact there is only one other mineral that fits the Si4O13 group, which is ruizite.

Ruizite
Ruizite is a sorosilicate mineral with formula Ca2Mn2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O. It was discovered at the Christmas mine in Christmas, Arizona, and described in 1977. The mineral is named for discoverer Joe Ana Ruiz.
Ajay Kumar Lallu
Ajay Kumar Lallu (born 4 November 1979) is an Indian politician and a member of the 16th and 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India, and ex-president of the Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee. He represented the Tamkuhi Raj (Assembly constituency) constituency in the Kushinagar district of Uttar Pradesh. He is a leader of Indian National Congress in Uttar Pradesh.

17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (Seventeenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 19 March 2017 as a result of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2017 held from 11 February to 8 March 2017. The Legislative Assembly had total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member, Dr. Denzil J. Godin).

The term of the 17th assembly was from 19 March 2017 to 12 March 2022.
7th Yerevan Golden Apricot International Film Festival
The 7th Yerevan Golden Apricot International Film Festival was a film festival held in Yerevan, Armenia from July 11 to 18,  2010.

This edition of the festival was dedicated to the anniversaries Arni Verno and Atom Egoyan. Other filmmakers who presented their films at the festival were Theodoros Angelopoulos and Fatih Akın.

Yerevan International Film Festival
The Golden Apricot Yerevan International Film Festival (GAIFF; Armenian: «Ոսկե Ծիրան» Երևանի միջազգային կինոփառատոն, romanized: "Voske Tsiran" Yerevani mijazgayin kinop'arraton) is an annual film festival held in Yerevan, Armenia. The festival was founded in 2004 with the co-operation of the "Golden Apricot" Fund for Cinema Development, the Armenian Association of Film Critics and Cinema Journalists. The GAIFF is continually supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, the Ministry of Culture of Armenia and the Benevolent Fund for Cultural Development.The objectives of the festival are "to present new works by the film directors and producers in Armenia and foreign cinematographers of Armenian descent and to promote creativity and originality in the area of cinema and video art".
1999 MLS supplemental draft
The 1999 Major League Soccer supplemental draft took place in Fort Lauderdale on the afternoon of Sunday, February 7. The second and third rounds of the 1999 MLS College Draft had taken place earlier that morning.  In this supplemental draft, a number of teams passed in the second and third rounds.  Consequently in 2000, MLS merged the college and supplemental draft into the 2000 MLS SuperDraft.

2000 MLS SuperDraft
The 2000 Major League Soccer SuperDraft was held on February 6, 2000 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and consisted of six rounds.

One of the most successful draft picks was goalkeeper Nick Rimando, a third round pick, who went on to hold the record for most MLS career shutouts. Additionally, first round pick defender Carlos Bocanegra earned over 100 caps with the United States men's national soccer team.
Hair straightening
Hair straightening is a hair styling technique used since the 1890s involving the flattening and straightening of hair in order to give it a smooth, streamlined, and sleek appearance. It became very popular during the 1950s among black men and among women of all races. It is accomplished using a hair iron or hot comb, chemical relaxers, Japanese hair straightening, Brazilian hair straightening, or roller set/blowdryer styling. In addition, some shampoos, conditioners, and hair gels can help to make hair temporarily straight.

The process is often called "rebonding" in some countries from Southeast Asia (e.g. Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Philippines). If done often, flat irons and chemicals can be damaging to hair. Excessive straightening often results in split ends. However, heat protectant sprays can decrease the damage.

Hair dryer
A hair dryer (the handheld type also referred to as a blow dryer) is an electromechanical device that blows ambient air in hot or warm settings for styling or drying hair. Hair dryers enable better control over the shape and style of hair, by accelerating and controlling the formation of temporary hydrogen bonds within each strand. These bonds are powerful, but are temporary and extremely vulnerable to humidity. They disappear with a single washing of the hair.

Hairstyles using hair dryers usually have volume and discipline, which can be further improved with styling products, hairbrushes, and combs during drying to add tension, hold and lift. Hair dryers were invented in the late 19th century. The first model was created in 1912 by Gabriel Kazanjian. Handheld, household hair dryers first appeared in 1920. Hair dryers are used in beauty salons by professional stylists, as well as by consumers at home.
Warsop Vale
Warsop Vale is a village in the Mansfield district of western Nottinghamshire, England. It is 18 miles (29 km) north of Nottingham, and 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Mansfield. It is in the civil parish of Warsop. Warsop Vale's heritage is primarily as a former mining village. It lies in an area known as the Dukeries, close to Clumber Park, Thoresby Park and hall, Rufford Park and the Earl of Portland estate of Welbeck, together all part of Sherwood Forest.

The Dukeries
The Dukeries is an area of the county of Nottinghamshire so called because it contained four ducal seats. It is south of Worksop, which has been called its "gateway". The area was included within the ancient Sherwood Forest.
Khojir National Park
Khojir National Park (Persian: پارک ملی خجیر) is the oldest protected area in Iran, located on the southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains east of Tehran in Tehran Province. It was established as a wildlife reserve in 1979 and promoted to national park in 1982. It covers 99.71 km2 (38.50 sq mi) in the Jajrood River basin and ranges in altitude from 1,200 to 2,200 m (3,900 to 7,200 ft).

Jajrud (river)
The Jajrud (Jājrūd) (Persian: جاجرود), also spelled as Jajrood, Djadjéroud or Djaderoud, is the largest river in Shemiranat County, Tehran province, Iran. Its sources are actually three different massifs of Southern Alborz mountain range and it flows mostly southwards until it is drained into the endorheic Namak Lake. Jajrud drainage basin covers an area of 698 square kilometres. There are two dams on Jajrud, Latyan Dam on upstream and Mamloo Dam on downstream, which are the main source of drinking water and hydropower for citizens of east and southeast of Tehran.
Danby railway station
Danby is a railway station on the Esk Valley Line, which runs between Middlesbrough and Whitby via Nunthorpe. The station, situated 15 miles 9 chains (24.3 km) west of Whitby, serves the villages of Ainthorpe and Danby, North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Middlesbrough railway station
Middlesbrough is a railway station on the Durham Coast, Esk Valley and Tees Valley lines. The station serves the town of Middlesbrough, in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by TransPennine Express. Direct destinations include Darlington, Redcar Central, Saltburn, Sunderland, Newcastle, York and Manchester Airport. There is also direct service to London Kings Cross once per weekday.

According to the Office of Rail and Road statistics, Middlesbrough station is the fourth busiest in the North East region, with 1,466,884 total entries and exits (2023–24 period).
Gohō dōji
A gohō dōji (護法童子) (child of the defense of the Law) is a type of guardian spirit from Japanese Buddhist folklore devoted to serving followers of the dharma.  In classic stories from medieval collections such as the Uji Shui Monogatari, it is generally depicted as a young boy wearing a collar of swords, with a large sword in one hand and a noose in the other.  It flies through the air by riding a Wheel of Dharma.

Dharmapala
A dharmapāla is a type of wrathful god in Buddhism. The name means "dharma protector" in Sanskrit, and the dharmapālas are also known as the Defenders of the Justice (Dharma), or the Guardians of the Law. There are two kinds of dharmapala, Worldly Guardians (lokapala) and Wisdom Protectors (jnanapala). Only Wisdom Protectors are enlightened beings.
James McCann (baseball)
James Thomas McCann (born June 13, 1990), nicknamed "McCannon", is an American professional baseball catcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Detroit Tigers, Chicago White Sox, New York Mets, and Baltimore Orioles.

Prior to his professional career, McCann played college baseball at the University of Arkansas. He has also competed for the United States national baseball team. In 2019, as a member of the White Sox, he was named to the MLB All-Star Game. McCann has caught two no-hitters in the major leagues: one pitched by Lucas Giolito in 2020 with the White Sox, and one pitched by Tylor Megill, Drew Smith, Joely Rodríguez, Seth Lugo, and Edwin Díaz in 2022 with the Mets.

Lucas Giolito
Lucas Frost Giolito (born July 14, 1994) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Nationals, Chicago White Sox, Los Angeles Angels, Cleveland Guardians, and Boston Red Sox.

Giolito attended Harvard-Westlake School in Studio City, California, and was selected by the Nationals in the first round in the 2012 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut with the Nationals in 2016. His fastball has been clocked as high as 100 miles per hour (160 km/h).

In 2019, as a member of the White Sox, he was named to the MLB All-Star Game. On August 25, 2020, he threw a no-hitter in a 4–0 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Minnesota State Highway 108
Minnesota State Highway 108 (MN 108) is a 61.451-mile-long (98.896 km) highway in west-central Minnesota, which runs from its interchange with Interstate Highway 94/US Highway 52 at Prairie View Township near Rothsay and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with State Highway 210 in Henning.

Highway 108 passes through the cities of Pelican Rapids and Henning.

Minnesota State Highway 210
Minnesota State Highway 210 (MN 210) is a state highway in west-central, central, and northeast Minnesota, which runs from North Dakota Highway 210 (ND 210) at the North Dakota state line (at Breckenridge), and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with MN 23 in Duluth near the Saint Louis River.

The route runs across Minnesota from west-central to northeast; connecting Fergus Falls, Brainerd, and Duluth. At the western terminus of MN 210, upon crossing the Red River, the roadway becomes ND 210 and feeds into ND 13. MN 210 is 228 miles (367 km) in length.
Camp Concordia
Camp Concordia was a prisoner-of-war camp operating from May 1943 to November 1945, located two miles north and one mile east of Concordia, Kansas. The camp was used primarily for German Army prisoners during World War II who had been captured in battles that took place in Africa.

Camp Concordia was the largest POW camp in Kansas, holding over 4,000 prisoners at its peak. It consisted of a complex of 300 buildings and was staffed by 800 United States soldiers. Uniquely it had a self-initiated reeducation program, the Prisoner of War University, later supported by the  Special Projects Division.
A few of the remaining structures form the core of a museum, opened in 2015.

German prisoners of war in the United States
Members of the German military were interned as prisoners of war in the continental United States during World War I and World War II. In all, 425,000 German prisoners lived in 700 camps across the United States during World War II.
Mel Eslyn
Mel Eslyn (born August 19, 1983) is an American film producer, director and writer. She works primarily in the Seattle independent film industry and has collaborated with Lynn Shelton and Mark and Jay Duplass on numerous films. She is best known for producing The One I Love (2014) and Lamb (2015), for which she won an Independent Spirit Award. She acts as the President of Duplass Brothers Productions.

Lynn Shelton
Lynn Shelton (August 27, 1965 – May 15, 2020) was an American filmmaker, known for writing, directing, and producing such films as Humpday and Your Sister's Sister. She was associated with the mumblecore genre.
Italo Gardoni
Italo Gardoni (12 March 1821 – 26 March 1882) was a leading operatic tenore di grazia singer from Italy who enjoyed a major international career during the middle decades of the 19th century. Along with Giovanni Mario, Gaetano Fraschini, Enrico Tamberlik and Antonio Giuglini, he was one of the most celebrated Italian tenors of his era.

His voice was not large but it was exceptionally pure toned and sweet, lacking any disruptive vibrato. He sang legato passages with impressive smoothness but he could also dispatch florid music with flair and considerable agility.

Enrico Tamberlik
Enrico Tamberlik (16 March 1820 – 13 March 1889) was an Italian  dramatic tenor who sang to great acclaim at Europe and America's leading opera venues. He excelled in the heroic roles of the Italian and French repertories and was renowned for his powerful declamation and clarion high notes.
A505 road
The A505 is a road in the East of England. It follows part of the route of the Icknield Way and the corresponding Icknield Way Path and runs from Leighton Buzzard in Bedfordshire to the A11 Abington Interchange North in Cambridgeshire.

A11 road (England)
The A11 is a major trunk road in England. It originally ran roughly north east from London to Norwich, Norfolk. It now consists of a short section in Inner London and a much longer section in Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Norfolk. The lengthy section between these was renumbered as a result of the opening of the M11 in the 1970s and then the A12 extension in 1999.

It also multiplexes/overlaps with the A14 on the Newmarket bypass.
2014 in the sport of athletics
In 2014 there was no primary outdoor global athletics championship, as neither the Summer Olympics nor the World Championships in Athletics occurred in the year. The 2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and the 2014 IAAF Continental Cup were the foremost global events to be held in 2014. The 2014 IAAF World Relays marked the debut of the new international competition exclusively for relay races.

The Diamond League entered its fifth year as the foremost seasonal track and field series. The 2014 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and the 2014 IAAF World Race Walking Cup were the highest level competitions for those disciplines. Major regional events which took place in 2014 include the European Championships, African Championships, and Commonwealth Games.

2014 African Championships in Athletics
The 2014 African Championships in Athletics was held in Marrakesh, Morocco from 10 to 14 August 2014. The competition was the 19th edition of Africa senior championships. The competition served as preparation to African athletes for the next continental cup which is planned to hold on 13 and 14 September 2014 in Marrakech. It was the second time that Morocco had hosted the event.