hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muzzle-loading rifle
A muzzle-loading rifle is a muzzle-loaded small arm that has a rifled barrel rather than a smoothbore, and is loaded from the muzzle of the barrel rather than the breech. Historically they were developed when rifled barrels were introduced by the 1740's, which offered higher accuracy than the earlier smoothbores. The American longrifle evolved from the German "Jäger" rifle; a popularly recognizable form of the "muzzleloader" was the Kentucky Rifle. Although by definition they must be reloaded after each shot in a time-consuming fashion, they are still produced for hunting.

Comparable artillery pieces are termed rifled muzzle loader (RML).

Smoothbore
A smoothbore weapon is one that has a barrel without rifling.  Smoothbores range from handheld firearms to powerful tank guns and large artillery mortars. Some examples of smoothbore weapons are muskets, blunderbusses, and flintlock pistols. The opposite of smoothbore is rifling.
Kënga Magjike 2018
Kënga Magjike 2018 was the 20th edition of the annual Albanian music contest Kënga Magjike and was held between 5 December 2018 and 8 December 2018 at the Pallati i Kongreseve in Tirana. The three live shows were hosted by Ardit Gjebrea, Klaudia Pepa and Bora Zemani.

The winner of the contest was Flori Mumajesi with the song titled "Plas". This was his first victory in the contest as a singer though he was additionally the songwriter of the winning entries "Hape Vetën" by Aurela Gaçe in 2007 and "Ma Zgjat Dorën" by Eneda Tarifa in the following 2019 edition.

Kënga Magjike
Kënga Magjike (Albanian pronunciation: [ˈkəŋɡa maˈɟikɛ]; transl. "The Magic Song") is an annual music competition organised by the Albanian television broadcaster Televizioni Klan. The music competition has been broadcasting annually since its inauguration in 1999 with the exception of 2020 and 2023.

The first edition of the contest was broadcast live by Radio Televizioni Shqiptar while all the editions from 2003 by Televizioni Klan. Ardit Gjebrea has been the main presenter of the contest since the first edition and in other occasions he has hosted with other co-presenters amongst them Brigitte Nielsen, Natalia Estrada, Songül Öden and Elia Zogu.
Erica De Matteis
Erica De Matteis (born 20 April 1994 in Rome, Lazio) is an Italian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universo Italia 2018. She represented Italy at the Miss Universe 2018 pageant in Bangkok, Thailand.

Miss Universe 2018
Miss Universe 2018 was the 67th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Impact Arena in Pak Kret, Nonthaburi, Thailand, on 17 December 2018.

At the conclusion of the event, Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters of South Africa crowned Catriona Gray of the Philippines as Miss Universe 2018. This was the Philippines' fourth victory after their recent victory in 2015.

Contestants from ninety-four countries and territories competed in this year's pageant, surpassing the previous record of ninety-two in 2017. The pageant was hosted by Steve Harvey in his fourth consecutive year, along with supermodel Ashley Graham. Television personality Carson Kressley and runway coach Lu Sierra provided commentary and analysis throughout the event. American singer-songwriter Ne-Yo performed in this year's pageant.
Syed Badrul Ahsan
Syed Badrul Ahsan is a Bangladeshi journalist and author who currently serves as editor-in-charge of The Asian Age, a publication based in Dhaka. He previously served as the press minister at the High Commission of Bangladesh, London and has worked for numerous universities such as the University of Dhaka, Independent University, Bangladesh, and University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh as well as being a Fellow at Jawaharlal Nehru University. He has written a biography on the Founder of Bangladesh, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman entitled From Rebel to Founding Father: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to much critical acclaim. Badrul Ahsan regularly contributes to Dhaka Courier, First News, Dhaka Tribune, Bangla Tribune, The Daily Star Our Time, Indian Express, Asian Affairs and South Asia Monitor.

Independent University, Bangladesh
Independent University, Bangladesh (Bengali: ইন্ডিপেন্ডেন্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, more commonly known as IUB) is a private research university in Bangladesh. It is located in Bashundhara of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Founded in 1993 under the Private University Act, 1992. The university awards bachelor's degrees and master's degrees in a wide variety of subjects within business, humanities, social sciences, information technology, engineering, medicine and space and astronomy.

The university has over 19,000 students, both national and international, and is one of Bangladesh's top private universities. It is the first university in Bangladesh to launch deep-sky imaging telescopes.
Colorado State Highway 233
State Highway 233 (SH 233) was a state highway in Pueblo County, Colorado. SH 233's southern terminus was at U.S. Route 50 Business (US 50 Bus.) west of Vineland, and the northern terminus was at U.S. Route 50 (US 50) and SH 96 in Baxter. The highway was decommissioned in 2017, when ownership was transferred to Pueblo County.

Pueblo County, Colorado
Pueblo County (/ˈpwɛbloʊ/ or  /ˈpjɛbloʊ/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 168,162. The county seat is Pueblo. The county was named for the historic city of Pueblo which took its name from the Spanish language word meaning "town" or "village". Pueblo County comprises the Pueblo, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kai Mykkänen
Kai Aslak Mykkänen (born 31 July 1979) is a Finnish politician who currently serves as Mayor of Espoo. He served as Minister of the Environment and Climate Change. He is a former Minister of the Interior and represents the National Coalition Party in the Uusimaa electoral district.

Minister of the Environment and Climate Change
The Minister of the Environment and Climate Change (Finnish: ympäristö- ja ilmastoministeri, Swedish: miljö- och klimatminister, formerly Minister of the Environment) is one of the ministerial portfolios which comprise the Finnish Government. The minister heads the Ministry of the Environment and is responsible for the preparation of legal matters concerning communities, the built environment, housing, biodiversity, the sustainable use of natural resources, and environmental protection in Finland. The incumbent Minister of the Environment and Climate Change is Sari Multala of the National Coalition Party.
Elnaz Rekabi
Elnaz Rekabi (Persian: الناز رکابی Persian pronunciation: [elˈnɒːz ɾekɒːˈbiː]; born 20 August 1989) is an Iranian competition climber. She participated at the 2021 IFSC Climbing World Championships, being awarded the bronze medal in the women's combined event. Rekabi has also finished on the podium three times at the IFSC Climbing Asian Championships, with one silver and two bronze medals.

She made global headlines in 2022 when she violated Iran's mandatory hijab rule while participating in the 2022 IFSC Climbing Asian Championships in Seoul, South Korea. Occurring during the Mahsa Amini protests, it was widely interpreted as an intentional violation to signal support for the protests.

IFSC Climbing Asian Championships
The IFSC Climbing Asian Championships or Asian Sport Climbing Championships are annual Asian championships for competition climbing organized by the International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC). Until 2006, it was called UIAA Asian Championships. Then, from 2007 onwards, it was called IFSC Asian Championships. In 2001, the first Bouldering Championship was held separately (from lead and speed competitions) from 19 to 20 December 2001 in Yung Ho, Taiwan. In 2018, at the Asian Championships in Kurayoshi, Japan, a combined format was introduced.
Pinfa
The Hakka Transliteration Scheme or Pinfa refers to a romanization scheme published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in September 1960 as one of four systems collectively referred to as Guangdong Romanization. The scheme describes the Meixian dialect spoken in Meizhou, Guangdong, which is considered to be the prestige dialect of Hakka, and was later adapted for Gan and Xiang. This system utilizes the Latin alphabet with superscript numbers to represent tone.

Meixian dialect
The Meixian dialect (Chinese: 梅縣話; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mòi-yan-fa; IPA: [moi˩ jan˥ fa˥˧]), also known as Moiyan dialect, as well as Meizhou dialect (梅州話), or Jiaying dialect and Gayin dialect, Kayin dialect is the prestige dialect of Hakka Chinese. It is named after Meixian District, Meizhou, Guangdong. Sixian dialect (in Taiwan) is very similar to Meixian dialect.
Douglas (footballer, born March 1983)
Douglas Renato de Jesus (born 9 March 1983), known simply as Douglas, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He spent most of his professional career with Vitória de Guimarães, having signed in 2011 from Ipatinga. He won the 2012–13 Taça de Portugal with the club, appearing in 235 competitive matches.

2012–13 Taça de Portugal
The 2012–13 Taça de Portugal was the 73rd season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football knockout cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). It was contested by a total of 162 teams competing in the top four tiers of Portuguese football. The competition began with the first round matches in August 2012 and concluded with the final on 26 May 2013, at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras.

Vitória de Guimarães were the winners, following their 2–1 defeat of Benfica. They secured their first title in the competition after five previous failed attempts and became the twelfth team to win the Taça de Portugal – the first first-time winners since Beira-Mar in 1999. With this victory, Vitória de Guimarães qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League group stage.

Académica de Coimbra were the defending champions after defeating Sporting CP 1–0 in the previous season's final, but were eliminated in the quarter-finals by Benfica.
Qin Guorong
Qin Guorong (Chinese: 秦国荣; born 4 May 1961), commonly known as Townsend Qin, is a Chinese former footballer who played as a midfielder for Shanghai team and San Francisco Bay Blackhawks, while internationally he represented China in the 1984 Asian Cup.

China national football team
The China national football team (simplified Chinese: 中国国家足球队; traditional Chinese: 中國國家足球隊; pinyin: Zhōngguó guójiā zúqiú duì), recognised as China PR by FIFA, represents China in men's international association football and is governed by the Chinese Football Association (CFA).

China won the EAFF East Asian Cup in 2005 and 2010, was runner-up at the AFC Asian Cup in 1984 and 2004, and made its sole FIFA World Cup appearance in 2002, losing all matches without scoring a goal.
Olha Bregman
Olha Mykolaivna Bregman (previously Beskhmelnytsina; born 4 December 1985) is a Ukrainian film producer and co-founder of  2Brave Productions. She works in international co-production across documentary and fiction filmmaking. Films she has produced have screened at major international film festivals, including Berlin, Rome, and Tribeca

Bregman is a member of the Ukrainian and European Film Academies, and served as Chair of the Ukrainian Film Academy from 2022 to 2024.

Rome Film Festival
International Rome Film Fest (original: Festa del Cinema di Roma) is a film festival that takes place in Rome during the month of October. In 2022, the festival was officially recognized as a competitive festival by the International Federation of Film Producers Associations.
Stefanos Dedas
Stefanos Dedas (Greek: Στέφανος Δέδας; born May 10, 1982) is a Greek  (from Vafiochori, Kilkis) professional basketball coach who is currently an assistant coach for the Hapoel Tel Aviv of the Israeli Premier League and the EuroLeague.

Coach (basketball)
Basketball coaching is the act of directing and strategizing the behavior of a basketball team or individual basketball player. Basketball coaching typically encompasses the improvement of individual and team offensive and defensive skills, as well as overall physical conditioning. Coaches also have the responsibility to improve their team by player development, strategy, and in-game management. Coaches also teach and inspire their team to be their best.

Coaching is usually performed by a single person, often with the help of one or more assistants.
DAPHNE platform
The DAPHNE platform, or DAta-as-a-service Platform for Healthy lifestyle and preventive mediciNE, is an ITC ecosystem that uses software platforms, such as HealthTracker, to track individual health data on users or patients so that health service providers can provide personalised guidance remotely to the users or patients in terms of health, lifestyle, exercise and nutrition. It is led by Treelogic SL and partially funded by the European Union 7th Framework Programme for information and communication technology research. The project is listed in the European Commission CORDIS project listings.

Digital ecosystem
A digital ecosystem is a distributed, adaptive, open socio-technical system with properties of self-organization, scalability and sustainability inspired from natural ecosystems. Digital ecosystem models are informed by knowledge of natural ecosystems, especially for aspects related to competition and collaboration among diverse entities. The term is used in the computer industry, the entertainment industry, and the World Economic Forum. Modern theory of open and digital ecosystems represent dynamic, interconnected networks in which diverse participants, ranging from companies and institutions to startups and end-users, collaborate through digital platforms to co-create value across traditional organizational and industry boundaries.
Aerocar Mini-IMP
The Aerocar Mini-IMP (Independently Made Plane) is a light aircraft designed by Moulton Taylor and marketed for homebuilding by Aerocar International. It is a scaled-down derivative of his original Aerocar IMP design. A two-seat version called the Bullet was also built. The Mini-IMP follows the same unconventional layout as its larger predecessor, with a center mounted engine, long driveshaft to a tail propeller, and inverted-V rudder/elevators.

The aircraft is available in the form of plans for amateur construction. Following Taylor's death, the plans and licensing for the Mini-IMP have been marketed by the Mini-IMP Aircraft Company of Weatherford, Texas.

Pusher configuration
In aeronautical and naval engineering, pusher configuration is the term used to describe a drivetrain of air- or watercraft with propulsion device(s) after the engine(s).  This is in contrast to the more conventional tractor configuration, which places them in front.

Though the term is most commonly applied to aircraft, its most ubiquitous propeller example is a common outboard motor for a small boat.

“Pusher configuration” describes the specific (propeller or ducted fan) thrust device attached to a craft, either aerostats (airship) or aerodynes (aircraft, WIG, paramotor, rotorcraft) or others types such as hovercraft, airboats, and propeller-driven snowmobiles.
G 2/93
G 2/93 is a decision issued on 21 December 1994 by the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO). The decision deals with deposits of biological material. More specifically, the decision deals with the time limit for the deposit of such material. The current provision in Rule 32(2)(a) EPC provides for a time limit of sixteen months from the date of filing or from the date of priority, whichever expires earlier.

Appeal procedure before the European Patent Office
The European Patent Convention (EPC), the multilateral treaty instituting the legal system according to which European patents are granted, contains provisions allowing a party to appeal a decision issued by a first instance department of the European Patent Office (EPO). For instance, a decision of an Examining Division refusing to grant a European patent application may be appealed by the applicant. The appeal procedure before the European Patent Office is under the responsibility of its Boards of Appeal, which are institutionally independent within the EPO.
Aldo Berardi
Aldo Berardi, O.Ss.T. (born 30 September 1963) is a French Catholic Trinitarian friar and bishop. He is the vicar apostolic of the Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Arabia. On 28 January 2023, Berardi was appointed Vicar Apostolic of the Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Arabia. He previously served as the vicar general of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, commonly known as the Trinitarian friars.

Trinitarians
The Trinitarians, formally known as the Order of the Most Holy Trinity and of the Captives (Latin: Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis et Captivorum; abbreviated OSsT), is a mendicant order of the Catholic Church for men founded in Cerfroid, outside Paris, in the late 12th century. From the very outset, a special dedication to the mystery of the Holy Trinity has been a constitutive element of the order's life.

Papal documents refer to the founder only as "Brother John", but tradition identifies him as John of Matha, whose feast day is celebrated on 17 December. The founding-intention for the order was the ransom of Christians held captive by Muslims, a consequence of crusading and of piracy along the Mediterranean coast of Europe.
2011 Military World Games
The 2011 Military World Games (Portuguese: Jogos Mundiais Militares de 2011), officially known as the 5th CISM Military World Games (Portuguese: V Jogos Mundiais Militares do CISM), was hosted from July 15–24, 2011 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The 5th Military World Games was the largest military sports event ever held in Brazil, with approximately 4,900 athletes from 108 countries competing in 20 sports. The Games were organized by the Military Sports Commission of Brazil (CDMB) and the military commands (Army, Navy and Air Force), in accordance with CISM regulations and the rules of the International Sports Federations.

Military World Games
The Military World Games is a multi-sport event for military sportspeople, organized by the International Military Sports Council (CISM). They have been held since 1995, although championships for separate sports had been held longer. The first winter edition of the games was held in March of 2010 in the Italian region of Aosta Valley.
Kucheipadar tribal movement
Kucheipadar, a village in Kashipur subdivision, Rayagada district, Orissa (now Odisha) in India, became famous for its well-known tribal movement opposing the mining proposals made by the Utkal Alumina International Limited (UAIL) in the region which started in 1996. In the mid-1990s, large deposits of bauxite (from which aluminum is produced) were discovered in the area, simultaneously private companies were given leases of the land by the government without proper consultations. The local tribal residents became aware of the project when in 1996 the UAIL project team went there to conduct a survey. Utmost confusion about the nature of the project, its impact on regional livelihood and the future of residents led the tribals to organise a civil disobedience campaign. The movement later spread to the entire region of Kashipur.

Bauxite
Bauxite (/ˈbɔːksaɪt/ ⓘ) is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), mixed with the two iron oxides goethite (FeO(OH)) and hematite (Fe2O3), the aluminium clay mineral kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and small amounts of anatase (TiO2) and ilmenite (FeTiO3 or FeO·TiO2).
Bauxite appears dull in luster and is reddish-brown, white, or tan.

In 1821, the French geologist Pierre Berthier discovered bauxite near the village of Les Baux in Provence, southern France, the origin of the name.
Edgar Toppin
Edgar Allan Toppin, Sr. (January 22, 1928 – December 8, 2004) was an African-American professor of history, and an author who specialized in Civil War, Reconstruction and African-American history. He spent the majority of his 40+ year teaching career at Virginia State University, and wrote ten books on the subjects of American and African-American history. He served on several historical boards including the National Park Service, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the later serving as president. As president, he was instrumental in turning Black History Week into Black History Month in 1976.

Virginia State University
Virginia State University (VSU or Virginia State) is a public historically Black land-grant university in Ettrick, Virginia, United States. Founded on March 6, 1882 (1882-03-06), Virginia State developed as the United States's first fully state-supported four-year institution of higher learning for Black Americans. The university is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.
Noun ellipsis
Noun ellipsis (N-ellipsis), also noun phrase ellipsis (NPE), is a mechanism that elides, or appears to elide, part of a noun phrase that can be recovered from context. The mechanism occurs in many languages like English, which uses it less than related languages.

Theoretical analyses of N-ellipsis vary, with at least three types of approaches to the phenomenon that a theory can pursue: 1) the true ellipsis analysis, 2) the covert pronoun analysis, and 3) the overt pronoun analysis.

Phrase structure grammar
The term phrase structure grammar was originally introduced by Noam Chomsky as the term for grammar studied previously by Emil Post and Axel Thue (Post canonical systems). Some authors, however, reserve the term for more restricted grammars in the Chomsky hierarchy: context-sensitive grammars or context-free grammars. In a broader sense, phrase structure grammars are also known as constituency grammars. The defining character of phrase structure grammars is thus their adherence to the constituency relation, as opposed to the dependency relation of dependency grammars.
Morris Oxford
Morris Oxford is a series of motor car models produced by Morris of the United Kingdom, from the 1913 'bullnose' Oxford to the Farina Oxfords V and VI.

Named by W R Morris after "the city of dreaming spires", the university town in which he grew up, the manufacture of Morris's Oxford cars would turn Oxford into an industrial city.

From 1913 to mid-1935 Oxford cars grew in size and quantity. In 1923 they, together with the Cowley cars were 28.1 per cent of British private car production. In 1925 Morris sold near double the number and they represented 41 per cent of British production. Meanwhile, Oxfords grew larger from the first 1018 cc, Nine horsepower, two-seater car to the last 2½-litre Twenty horsepower car.

The model name was recycled in 1948 and lasted almost another 23 years through to 1971 but in this time the market sector and engine-size remained nearly constant between 1476 cc and 1622 cc.

BMC ADO17
BMC ADO17 is the model code used by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) for a range of front wheel drive cars in the European 'D' market-segment of larger family cars, manufactured from September 1964 to 1975. The car was initially sold under the Austin marque as the Austin 1800, then by Morris as the Morris 1800, and by Wolseley as the Wolseley 18/85. Later, it was marketed with a 2.2 L engine as the Austin 2200, Morris 2200 and Wolseley Six. Informally, because of the car's exceptional width and overall appearance, these cars became widely known under the nickname "landcrab".

The 1800 was voted European Car of the Year for 1965.