hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TCDD E23000
The TCDD E23000 series are Electric Multiple Units that were built by Hyundai Rotem, with delivery beginning in 2009. The E23000s were built to replace the E8000 and E14000 EMUs. Each set has 3 permanently coupled cars.

They are operated by the Turkish State Railways for commuter service in Ankara and leased by İZBAN A.Ş. (10 EMUs) for commuter service in Izmir. After that all E22100 EMUs ordered by İZBAN A.Ş. will enter in service, these 10 sets will go back to Ankara.

These EMUs also operated in Istanbul (Sirkeci–Halkalı line and Haydarpaşa–Gebze line) before the closing of these lines for the construction of Marmaray. As E32000 plans are in place to use EMUs, on Marmaray, these sets won't be used in Istanbul any more.

Hyundai Rotem
Hyundai Rotem Company, often referred to as Hyundai Rotem (Korean: 현대로템; RR: Hyeondae Rotem), is a South Korean manufacturer of railway rolling stock, railway signalling,  defense products and plant equipment. It is a member of Hyundai Motor Group and has presence in more than 50 countries worldwide. As of 2024, Hyundai Rotem has more than 4,100 employees.
Iraqi First Division League
The Iraqi First Division League is a football league that is the third tier of the Iraqi football league system, which was founded in 1974. The league consists of 20 teams split into two groups. The winners of each group are promoted to the Iraqi Premier Division League and advance to the final to compete for the league title. The runners-up of each group compete in a two-legged third place play-off, with the winners entering a promotion play-off with the 18th-placed team from the Premier Division League.

The two teams that finish bottom of their group are relegated to the Iraqi Second Division League. The ninth-placed teams of each group compete in a two-legged play-off, with the loser also being relegated to the Second Division League. The league is governed by the Iraq Football Association (IFA).

In the 2024–25 season, Al-Hashd Al-Shaabi won the championship title after defeating Al-Jaish 4–3 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in the final match.

Iraq Football Association
The Iraq Football Association (IFA) (Arabic: الاتحاد العراقي لكرة القدم) is the governing body of football in Iraq, controlling the Iraqi national team and the Iraqi football league system. The Iraqi Football Association was founded in 1948 and has been a member of FIFA since 1950, the Asian Football Confederation since 1970, and the Sub-confederation regional body West Asian Football Federation since 2001. Iraq is also part of the Union of Arab Football Associations (founded in 1974) and the Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation (founded in 2016). The Iraqi team is commonly known as Usood Al-Rafidain (Arabic: أسود الرافدين), which literally means Lions of Mesopotamia.
Close (Jade Eagleson song)
"Close" is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian country artist Jade Eagleson. He co-wrote the track with Gavin Slate and Travis Wood, as well as the track's producer Todd Clark.  It was the fourth single from Eagleson's debut studio album Jade Eagleson.

Jade Eagleson
Jade Eagleson (born May 23, 1994) is a Canadian country singer and songwriter from Bailieboro, Ontario. He has released three albums: Jade Eagleson (2020),  Honkytonk Revival (2021), and Do It Anyway (2023). He has also released twelve singles, achieving five number one Canada Country hits with "Lucky", "All Night to Figure It Out", "More Drinkin' Than Fishin'", "She Don't Know" and "Telluride".
Odongo
Odongo (also known as Odongo Adventure on the African Frontier) is a 1956 British African adventure CinemaScope drama film directed by John Gilling and starring Rhonda Fleming, Macdonald Carey and Juma. It was written by Gilling from a story by Islin Auster and produced by Warwick Films It concerns a white hunter who falls in love with a vet in Kenya.

John Gilling
John Gilling (29 May 1912 – 22 November 1984) was an English film director and screenwriter, born in London. He was known for his horror movies, especially those he made for Hammer Films, for whom he directed The Shadow of the Cat (1961), The Plague of the Zombies (1966), The Reptile (1966) and The Mummy's Shroud (1967). Elsewhere he directed Cross of the Devil (1975), among others.
John Wilson House (Jewett City, Connecticut)
The John Wilson House is a historic house at 29–31 Ashland Street in the borough of Jewett City in the town of Griswold, Connecticut.  Built about 1781, it is significant locally as a fine example of Georgian residential architecture, and as the home of John Wilson, a leading local industrialist of the late 18th century.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Griswold, Connecticut
Griswold is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 11,402 at the 2020 census. Griswold contains the borough of Jewett City and the villages of Doaneville, Kaalmanville, Rixtown, Glasgo, Hopeville, Nathanieltown, and Pachaug.
Leszczków
Leszczków [ˈlɛʂt͡ʂkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipnik, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north of Lipnik, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Opatów, and 64 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Lipnik
Gmina Lipnik is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipnik, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Opatów and 64 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 81.7 square kilometres (31.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,751.
Ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling, or Ribo-Seq (also named ribosome footprinting), is an adaptation of a technique developed by Joan Steitz and Marilyn Kozak almost 50 years ago that Nicholas Ingolia and Jonathan Weissman adapted to work with next generation sequencing that uses specialized messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing to determine which mRNAs are being actively translated. A related technique that can also be used to determine which mRNAs are being actively translated is the Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) methodology, which was developed by Nathaniel Heintz at Rockefeller University (in collaboration with Paul Greengard and Myriam Heiman). TRAP does not involve ribosome footprinting but provides cell type-specific information.

Nicholas Ingolia
Nicholas Thomas Ingolia (born February 5, 1979) is an American molecular biologist and professor at University of California, Berkeley. He is most known for the development of the method of ribosome profiling. He has also studied the evolution of heat-sensing nerves in vampire bats and the encoding of small peptides by short open reading frames (sORFs). Ingolia is a 2011 Searle Scholar and serves on a peer-review committee for the American Cancer Society.
Cernosvitoviella
Cernosvitoviella is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Enchytraeidae.

The genus was first described by Nielsen and Christensen in 1959.

The species of this genus are found in Eurasia and Northern America.

Species:

Cernosvitoviella crassoductus

Cernosvitoviella immota

Cernosvitoviella tatrensis

Enchytraeidae
Enchytraeidae is a family of microdrile oligochaetes. They resemble small earthworms and include both terrestrial species known as potworms that live in highly organic terrestrial environments, as well as some that are marine. The peculiar genus Mesenchytraeus is known as "ice worms", as they spend the majority of their lives within glaciers, only rising to the surface at certain points in the summer. Enchytraeidae also includes the Grindal worm (Enchytraeus buchholzi), which is commercially bred as aquarium fish food.  Certain varieties of Enchytraeidae are partially responsible for the notorious "dark earth" archaeological layers in post-Roman Era British urban centers such as London.
Soundbombing III
Soundbombing III is a compilation album by Rawkus Records, the third installment of their Soundbombing series. It was released on June 4, 2002, and was the first album released after Rawkus signed a distribution deal with MCA. The compilation was mixed by Cipha Sounds and Mr. Choc. Three songs from the album were released as singles: "The Life", "Crew Deep", and "Put It in the Air".

Rawkus Records
Rawkus Records (or Rawkus Entertainment) is an American hip-hop record label, owned by James Murdoch, known for starting the careers of many rappers. Rawkus started in 1995 with releases in hip-hop, drum and bass and fun-dustrial (Dystopia One).

Label heads Brian Brater and Jarret Myer then signed some of the top underground talent from the New York area, notably Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Hi-Tek and Company Flow, who went on to define the label's sound. The string of 12" releases and full-length albums that followed helped initiate a resurgence in the New York/East Coast sound. Many of these are considered classics among hip-hop aficionados. During the mid to late 1990s, Rawkus became a dominant label in the underground hip-hop scene, producing a string of gold albums and a platinum album.
Williams Reef
Williams Reef is a reef which extends southward for about 0.5 nautical miles (0.9 km) from Cape Fie in the island of Bouvetøya. The reef was charted in 1898 by a German expedition in the Valdivia under Carl Chun. It was recharted in December 1927 by a Norwegian expedition and named for Captain John Williams, an American sealer who had visited Bouvetoya in the schooner Golden West in 1878, making a landing on the island.

Cape Fie
Cape Fie (Norwegian: Kapp Fie), located at 54°27′S 3°28′E﻿ / ﻿54.450°S 3.467°E﻿ / -54.450; 3.467, is a cape marking the southeast extremity of Bouvetøya  in the South Atlantic Ocean. It was first roughly charted in 1898 by a German expedition under Carl Chun, and was re-charted and named by the Norwegian expedition under Captain Harald Horntvedt who explored the area from the Norvegia in December 1927.
Lisie Pole
Lisie Pole [ˈliɕɛ ˈpɔlɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chojna, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north of Chojna, 25 km (16 mi) south of Gryfino, and 44 km (27 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has an approximate population of 600.

Gmina Chojna
Gmina Chojna is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, on the German border. Its seat is the town of Chojna, which lies approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) south of Gryfino and 52 km (32 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 332.89 square kilometres (128.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,960 (out of which the population of Chojna amounts to 7,187, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,773).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Cedynia Landscape Park.
Observability
Observability is a measure of how well internal states of a system can be inferred from knowledge of its external outputs.
In control theory, the observability and controllability of a linear system are mathematical duals.

The concept of observability was introduced by the Hungarian-American engineer Rudolf E. Kálmán for linear dynamic systems. A dynamical system designed to estimate the state of a system from measurements of the outputs is called a state observer for that system, such as Kalman filters.

Rudolf E. Kálmán
Rudolf Emil Kálmán (May 19, 1930 – July 2, 2016) was a Hungarian-American electrical engineer, mathematician, and inventor. He is most noted for his co-invention and development of the Kalman filter, a mathematical algorithm that is widely used in signal processing, control systems, and guidance, navigation and control. For this work, U.S. President Barack Obama awarded Kálmán the National Medal of Science on October 7, 2009.
U.S. Route 27 in Ohio
U.S. Route 27 (US 27) in Ohio runs for 40.58 miles (65.31 km) between the Kentucky and Indiana state lines: 18.5 miles (29.8 km) in Hamilton County and another 22.1 miles (35.6 km) in Butler County. The route crosses into Ohio and Downtown Cincinnati via the Taylor–Southgate Bridge over the Ohio River. US 27 follows Mehring Way, Central Avenue, Ezzard Charles Drive, and Central Parkway through Downtown Cincinnati. US 27 briefly runs concurrent with Interstate 75 (I-75), exiting at I-74 for another brief concurrency before exiting onto Colerain Road. US 27 then continues northwest eventually to Oxford and then reaches the Indiana border another six miles (9.7 km) northwest at College Corner.

Butler County, Ohio
Butler County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 390,357. Its county seat and largest city is Hamilton. It is named for General Richard Butler, who died in 1791 during St. Clair's defeat. Located along the Great Miami River, it is also home to Miami University, a public university founded in 1809.
Butler County is part of the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Hullettia
Hullettia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Moraceae.

It is native to Myanmar, Malaya, Thailand and Sumatera.

The genus name of Hullettia is in honour of Richmond William Hullett (1843–1914), an English 19th century headmaster, explorer and plant collector, and it was first described and published in Fl. Brit. India Vol.5 on page 547 in 1888.

Known species, according to Kew:

Hullettia dumosa King ex Hook.f.

Hullettia griffithiana (Kurz) Hook.f.

Richmond William Hullett
Richmond William Hullett (15 November 1843 – 1 January 1914) was an English 19th century headmaster, explorer and plant collector. He was often associated with Singapore than Hong Kong. His fields of influence include language and education, conservation, exploration and botany in Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Indonesia, and England, and his achievements have inspired Chinese scholars.

Hullett discovered the plant Bauhinia hullettii (a synonym for Bauhinia ferruginea var. ferruginea) on Mount Ophir in Malaysia. The Bauhinia, an orchid-like plant with delicate flowers, became his passion.
Viscounty of Limoges
Between Limoges, Brive and Périgueux, the viscounts of Limoges (French: vicomtes de Limoges), also called viscounts of Ségur created a small principality, whose last heir was Henry IV. Ségur was the main home of these viscounts, in the heart of their domain. The viscounty went from the Limoges-Ségur family to the House of Montfort in Brittany, then to the Albrets and eventually to the Bourbons.

House of Albret
The House of Albret, which derives its name from the lordship (seigneurie) of Albret (Labrit), situated in the Landes, was one of the most powerful feudal families of France and Navarre during the Middle Ages.
Point of Rocks, Maryland
Point of Rocks is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Frederick County, Maryland. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 1,466.

Point of Rocks is named for a rock formation on the adjacent Catoctin Mountain, which was formed by the Potomac River cutting through the ridge in a water gap, a typical formation in the Appalachian Mountains. The formation is not visible from the town and can only be seen from boats on the river, or in Loudoun County, Virginia, from the southern bank of the river.

Frederick, Maryland
Frederick is a city in and the county seat of Frederick County, Maryland, United States. Frederick's population was 78,171 people as of the 2020 census, making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland behind Baltimore. It is a part of the Washington metropolitan area and the greater Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.

The city is located at an important crossroads at the intersection of a major north–south Native American trail and east–west routes to the Chesapeake Bay, both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C., and across the Appalachian Mountains to the Ohio River watershed.

Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport (IATA: FDK), which accommodates general aviation, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army bioscience and communications research installation and Frederick County's largest employer.
Spar City, Colorado
Spar City (also Fisher City) is an unincorporated community in Mineral County, Colorado, United States.  It lies along an unpaved road southwest of the town of Creede, the county seat of Mineral County.

Mineral County, Colorado
Mineral County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 865, making it the third-least populous county in Colorado, behind San Juan County and Hinsdale County. The county seat and only incorporated municipality in the county is Creede. The county was named for the many valuable minerals found in the mountains and streams of the area.
The Austin Chronicle
The Austin Chronicle is an alternative weekly newspaper published every Thursday in Austin, Texas, United States. The paper is distributed through free news-stands, often at local eateries or coffee houses frequented by its targeted demographic. In 2001, the newspaper reported a weekly readership of 545,500. It is part of the Association of Alternative Newsmedia and it emulates the typical publications of the 1960s counterculture movement.

Alternative newspaper
An alternative newspaper is a type of newspaper that eschews comprehensive coverage of general news in favor of stylized reporting, opinionated reviews and columns, investigations into edgy topics and magazine-style feature stories highlighting local people and culture. Its news coverage is more locally focused, and their target audiences are younger than those of daily newspapers. Typically, alternative newspapers are published in tabloid format and printed on newsprint. Other names for such publications include alternative weekly, alternative newsweekly, and alt weekly, as the majority circulate on a weekly schedule.

Most metropolitan areas of the United States and Canada are home to at least one alternative paper. These papers are generally found in such urban areas, although a few publish in smaller cities, in rural areas or exurban areas where they may be referred to as an alt monthly  due to the less frequent publication schedule.
Chapagetti
Chapagetti (Korean: 짜파게티) is a brand of ramyeon produced by Nongshim. It was first released in South Korea on 19 March 1984. Chapagetti is the first instant noodle product to resemble the Chinese dish jjajangmyeon (炸醬麺) in South Korea and is the second highest-selling brand of instant noodles in South Korea, behind Shin Ramyun. Its name is a portmanteau of jajangmyeon (which is also romanized as chajangmyŏn) and spaghetti.  It is one of Nongshim's leading brands, with sales greater than 200 billion won per year.

Jajangmyeon
Jajangmyeon (Korean: 자장면) or jjajangmyeon (짜장면) is a Korean Chinese noodle dish topped with a thick sauce made of chunjang, diced pork, and vegetables. It is a variation of the Chinese dish zhajiangmian; it developed in the late 19th century, during the Joseon period, when Chinese migrant workers from Shandong arrived in Incheon. The Korean variant of the dish uses a darker and sweeter sauce than the Chinese version. Variants of the dish use seafood, or other meats.
Gerald Posner
Gerald Leo Posner is an American investigative journalist and author of thirteen books, including Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK (1993), which explores the John F. Kennedy assassination, and Killing the Dream: James Earl Ray and the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (1998), about the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. A plagiarism scandal involving articles that Posner wrote for The Daily Beast and his book Miami Babylon arose in 2010.

Trisha Posner
Trisha Posner is a British non-fiction writer. She is the author of This is Not Your Mother's Menopause: One Woman's Natural Journey Through Change (2000), No Hormones, No Fear (2003) and The Pharmacist of Auschwitz: The Untold Story (2017). She also wrote under her full name, Patricia Posner. She lives in Miami.
American Federation of Information Processing Societies
The American Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) was an umbrella organization of professional societies established on May 10, 1961, and dissolved  in 1990. Its mission was to advance knowledge in the field of information science, and to represent its member societies in international forums.

IT History Society
The IT History Society (ITHS) is an organization that supports the history and scholarship of information technology by encouraging, fostering, and facilitating archival and historical research. Formerly known as the Charles Babbage Foundation, it advises historians, promotes collaboration among academic organizations and museums, and assists IT corporations in preparing and archiving their histories for future studies.
Kavarna Cove
Kavarna Cove (Bulgarian: залив Каварна, romanized: zaliv Kavarna, IPA: [ˈzalif kɐˈvarnɐ]) is a 2 km wide cove indenting for 1.2 km the south coast of Livingston Island (in the South Shetland Islands,  Antarctica) that is entered between Elephant Point and Bond Point.  It was named after the town of Kavarna in northeastern Bulgaria.

Bond Point
Bond Point is a small ice-free headland on the south coast of western Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica forming the northeast side of the entrance to Kavarna Cove. Linzipar Lake is situated at the point's base. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after Captain Ralph Bond, Master of the British sealing vessel Hetty who operated in the South Shetlands in 1820-21 and provided Captain George Powell with descriptions of their south coasts for incorporation in his 1822 chart.
CSS Forrest
CSS Forrest was a wooden-hulled Confederate gunboat that saw action in the North Carolina sounds in 1861 to 1862. Despite being considered "worn out", she saw continuous service until destroyed after the battle of Elizabeth City in February 1862.

Battle of Elizabeth City
The Battle of Elizabeth City of the American Civil War was fought in the immediate aftermath of the Battle of Roanoke Island. It took place on 10 February 1862, on the Pasquotank River near Elizabeth City, North Carolina. The participants were vessels of the U.S. Navy's North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, opposed by vessels of the Confederate Navy's Mosquito Fleet; the latter were supported by a shore-based battery of four guns at Cobb's Point (now called Cobb Point), near the southeastern border of the town. The battle was a part of the campaign in North Carolina that was led by Major General Ambrose E. Burnside and known as the Burnside Expedition. The result was a Union victory, with Elizabeth City and its nearby waters in their possession, and the Confederate fleet captured, sunk, or dispersed.
Basilica of Sant'Ubaldo, Gubbio
The Basilica of Sant'Ubaldo is a Roman Catholic church atop Mount Ingino, outside central Gubbio in Umbria, Italy. The church houses the body of the patron saint of Gubbio, Saint Ubaldo (the 12th-century Bishop Ubaldo Baldassini), kept atop the main altar on a marble plinth, surmounted by a glass case.

Gubbio
Gubbio (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɡubbjo]) is a town and municipality (comune) in the northeastern part of the province of Perugia in the region of Umbria in Italy. As of 2025, with a population of 30,297, it is the 6th-largest municipality in Umbria.

It is located on the lowest slope of Mt. Ingino, a small mountain of the Apennines.