hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nkonya-Alavanyo conflict, Ghana
The Nkonya -Alavanyo conflict is a conflict between the Nkonyas (ethnic guans) and the Alavanyos (ethnic Ewes) in the Volta region of Ghana. The conflict started between two individuals during Ghana's colonial days. A German surveyor, Dr Hans Grunner, drew a map of the then German Togoland in 1913 which created more problems than solve the land dispute between the Nkonyas and Alavanyos. The Alavanyos claimed that the map was drawn to favor the Nkonyas. The Alavanyos base their argument on a local border tree called Anya as the true boundary between their land and that of Nkonyas. The Nkonyas have refused to acknowledge the Anya tree as the true boundary.  The land under dispute is about 6,459.82 acres and is believed to have deposits of gold, clay and bauxite. The land's soil is also rich for the growth of timber, bamboo, and very fertile for the cultivation of cocoa  which makes it more valuable to the disputants.

Togoland
Togoland, officially the Togoland Protectorate (German: Schutzgebiet Togo; French: Protectorat du Togo), was a protectorate of the German Empire in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana, approximately 90,400 km2 (29,867 sq mi) in size. During the period known as the "Scramble for Africa", the colony was established in 1884 and was gradually extended inland.

At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the colony was invaded and quickly overrun by British and French forces during the Togoland campaign and placed under military rule. In 1916 the territory was divided into separate British and French administrative zones, and this was formalised in 1922 with the creation of British Togoland and French Togoland.
The Sky Above
The Sky Above (Portuguese: O Céu Sobre os Ombros; lit. 'The sky over the shoulders') is a 2010 Brazilian docudrama directed by Sérgio Borges. The film won five awards at the Brasilia Film Festival, including Best Picture.

Festival de Brasília
The Festival de Brasília (Brasília Film Festival), officially the Festival de Brasília do Cinema Brasileiro, is a film festival held in Brasília, Brazil. Known as Semana do Cinema Brasileiro (Brazilian Film Week) during the first two editions, it was founded by University of Brasília's diplomat Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes in 1965 and is the oldest film festival in Brazil.

The winners receive the Troféu Candango (Candango Trophy), named in honor of brasilienses, as well as cash prizes. Other prizes include the Prêmio Zózimo Bulbul, the Troféu Saruê, and the Prêmio Marco Antônio Guimarães.
2nd Navigation Warfare Squadron
The 2nd Navigation Warfare Squadron (2 NWS) is a United States Space Force unit responsible for operating the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite constellation, which provides global navigation, time transfer, and nuclear detonation detection. It is a component of Space Operations Command's Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Integrated Mission Delta (Provisional) and headquartered at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado.

The squadron is augmented by reserve personnel from the 19th Space Operations Squadron, part of the 310th Space Wing.

Schriever Space Force Base
Schriever Space Force Base, previously Schriever Air Force Base, Falcon Air Force Base, and Falcon Air Force Station, is a base of the United States Space Force located approximately 10 mi (16 km) east of Peterson Space Force Base near Colorado Springs in El Paso County, Colorado, United States.
Donald Perera
Air Chief Marshal G Donald Perera VSV, USP is a Sri Lanka air officer who served as commander of the Air Force from 2002 to 2006 and Chief of the Defence Staff from 2006 to 2009. He served as Ambassador of Sri Lanka to Israel.

Chief of the Defence Staff (Sri Lanka)
The Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) was the most senior appointment in the Sri Lankan Armed Forces, and the highest-ranking military officer in service, outranking the heads of each service branch. The CDS had not operational command authority over service branches, but  rather oversaw inter-service co-operation and developed and implemented the joint operations doctrine of the Sri Lankan armed forces. Coordination of inter-service joint operations were handled by the Office of the Chief of the Defence Staff, formally known as the Joint Operations Headquarters.

The CDS was the Chairman of a Committee made up of service commanders and is a member of the National Security Council.

Its subordinate command was known as the Overall Operational Command.
Gilroy v Flynn
Gilroy v Flynn [2004] IESC 98; [2005] 1 ILRM 290 was an Irish Supreme Court case in which the court made it clear that excessive delays in the delivery of a statement of claim were unacceptable and could justify dismissing a case. While the court allowed the appeal against the High Court central to this case to proceed, it effectively reversed the previous "assumption that even grave delay will not lead to the dismissal of an action" even where the fault of the delay lay with a legal adviser rather than the plaintiff.

Supreme Court of Ireland
The Supreme Court of Ireland (Irish: Cúirt Uachtarach na hÉireann) is the highest judicial authority in Ireland. It is a court of final appeal and exercises, in conjunction with the Court of Appeal and the High Court, judicial review over Acts of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). The Supreme Court also has appellate jurisdiction to ensure compliance with the Constitution of Ireland by governmental bodies and private citizens. It sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.
Avid Flyer
The Avid Flyer is a family of American single engine, high-wing, strut-braced, conventional landing gear-equipped, two seat light aircraft designed for kit construction in the 1980s. Its several variants sold in large numbers. In 1987 a Flyer became the first ultralight to land at the North Pole.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
Georges Moustaki
Georges Moustaki (born Giuseppe Mustacchi; 3 May 1934 – 23 May 2013) was an Egyptian-French singer-songwriter of Greek-Jewish origin. He wrote about 300 songs for some of the most popular singers in France, including Édith Piaf, Dalida, Françoise Hardy, Yves Montand, Barbara, Brigitte Fontaine, Herbert Pagani, France Gall, Cindy Daniel, Juliette Gréco, Pia Colombo, and Tino Rossi, as well as for himself.

Juliette Gréco
Juliette Gréco (French: [ʒyljɛt ɡʁeko]; 7 February 1927 – 23 September 2020) was a French singer and actress. Her best known songs are "Paris Canaille" (1962, originally sung by Léo Ferré), "La Javanaise" (1963, written by Serge Gainsbourg for Gréco) and "Déshabillez-moi" (1967). She often sang tracks with lyrics written by French poets such as Jacques Prévert and Boris Vian, as well as singers like Jacques Brel and Charles Aznavour. Her 60-year career concluded with her final worldwide tour titled "Merci", which began in 2015.

As an actress, Gréco played roles in films by French directors such as Jean Cocteau and Jean-Pierre Melville.
Anna dePeyster
Anna Maria dePeyster DSG (née Torv; formerly Murdoch and Mann; 30 June 1944 – 17 February 2026) was a British and Australian journalist and novelist. She became the second wife of media mogul Rupert Murdoch, and was a director at News Corp.

Order of St. Gregory the Great
The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great (Latin: Ordo Sancti Gregorii Magni; Italian: Ordine di San Gregorio Magno) was established on 1 September 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election as Pope.

The order is one of the five orders of knighthood of the Holy See. The honor is bestowed upon Catholic men and women (and certain notable non-Catholics) in recognition of their personal service to the Holy See and to the Catholic Church, through their unusual labors, their support of the Holy See, and the examples they set in their communities and their countries.
OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb
OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb (known sometimes as Hoth by NASA) is a super-Earth ice exoplanet orbiting OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, a star 21,500 ± 3,300 light-years (6,600 ± 1,000 parsecs) from Earth near the center of the Milky Way, making it  one of the most distant planets known. On January 25, 2006, Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork/Robotic Telescope Network (PLANET/Robonet), Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE), and Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) made a joint announcement of the discovery. The planet does not appear to meet conditions presumed necessary to support life.

OGLE-2005-BLG-390L
OGLE-2005-BLG-390L is a star thought to be a spectral type M (a red dwarf; 95% probability, 4% probability it is a white dwarf, <1% probability it is a neutron star or black hole). This galactic bulge star is located in the Scorpius constellation at a far distance of about 21,500 light years, near the border with Sagittarius.
The Woody Woodpecker and Friends Classic Cartoon Collection
The Woody Woodpecker and Friends Classic Cartoon Collection is a three-disc DVD collection of theatrical cartoons produced by Walter Lantz Productions for Universal Pictures between 1930 and 1958. The set was released by Universal Pictures Home Entertainment on July 24, 2007, and marks the first time a collection of cartoons starring Woody Woodpecker and the other Lantz characters have been widely available on home video (a previous fifteen-volume collection of Woody Woodpecker Show DVDs was made available for mail order through Columbia House in the early 2000s).

Included in the set are 75 cartoon shorts, including the first 45 Woody Woodpecker cartoons, in production order. The other thirty cartoons include five Andy Panda shorts, five Chilly Willy shorts,  five Oswald the Lucky Rabbit shorts, five Swing Symphonies, and ten one-shot Cartune Classics.

A second collection was issued in 2008.

Swing Symphony
Swing Symphony is an American animated musical short film series produced by Walter Lantz Productions from 1941 to 1945. The shorts were a more contemporary pastiche on Walt Disney's Silly Symphonies, and often featured top boogie-woogie musicians of the era.

The series mainly features a variety of different characters created exclusively for these shorts, although cameos by Woody Woodpecker and Andy Panda do appear in the first cartoon. Oswald the Lucky Rabbit also made an appearance in one short as well.
Hugh Watanabe
Hugh Watanabe (渡邉 飛勇, ワタナべ·ヒュー, Watanabe Hyū; born December 23, 1998), also known as Hugh Hogland, is a Japanese-American professional basketball player for Shinshu Brave Warriors of the B2 League. He played college basketball for the Portland Pilots and the UC Davis Aggies. Watanabe has been a member of the Japan national basketball team.

UC Davis Aggies men's basketball
The UC Davis Aggies men's basketball team  represents University of California, Davis in Davis, California, United States. The team currently competes in the Big West Conference.

The team is led by head coach Jim Les, who is in his 14th season at the helm during the 2024-25 season. During his tenure with the Aggies, the men's basketball team earned its first Big West championship and first NCAA Men's Basketball Division I Tournament. That appearance in the 2017 Tournament marked the thirteenth overall NCAA postseason appearance including its time in Division II.

Before it became a full-fledged Division I program on July 1, 2007, UC Davis won an NCAA Division II national championship in 1998.
Zoe Arancini
Zoe Elise Arancini (born 14 July 1991) is an Australian water polo player who plays driver, counter-attacker, or outside shooter. She plays club water polo in the National Water Polo League for the Fremantle Marlins, where she has won the league championship in 2005, 2007 and 2008 and is coached by her mother. Arancini has represented the country as a member of the Australia women's national water polo team on the junior and senior level, with over eighty appearances for national team between the two levels. She won a gold medal at the 2011 Canada Cup, silver medals at the 2010 FINA World League Super Finals and 2010 FINA World Cup, and bronze medals at the 2009 FINA World League Super Finals and 2011 FINA Junior World Championships. Arancini represented Australia at the 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics. She was part of the Australian women's water polo team that finished in second place at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

FINA Water Polo World League
The FINA Water Polo World League was an international water polo league organized by FINA (now World Aquatics), which played annually, typically from winter through to June. League play featured continental tournaments for men and women, from which the top teams emerged to play in the championship tournament (the Super Final) where the league champion team is crowned.

Men's league play began in 2002, to capitalize on increased worldwide popularity of water polo created by the 2000 Olympic Games, especially in Europe, North America, and Australia. The women's league was added in 2004, based on growing interest in women's play.

In October 2022, FINA announced that the tournament would be replaced with the FINA Water Polo World Cup and FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup from 2023 on.
São Tomé and Príncipe at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
São Tomé and Príncipe competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 7 to 18 September 2016. The country's participation in Rio marked its debut appearance in the quadrennial event, although it had competed in the Summer Olympics six times since the 1996 Games. The delegation consisted of a single short-distance runner Alex Anjos, who was chosen as São Tomé and Príncipe's flag bearer for the opening ceremony. Anjos was disqualified from the men's 100 metres (T47) for arriving late and failed to advance into the final of the men's 400 metres (T47) after failing to set a fast enough lap time.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 400 metres T47
The T47 category is for athletes who have a single below elbow or wrist amputation or similar disability, with normal function in both legs.

The Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 400 metres T47 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 16–17 September 2016, at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.
Clark Baechle
Clark Alan Baechle (born April 21, 1981) is an American founding member of the Omaha-based electronic/rock band The Faint, along with his brother, Todd Fink.  Although he is primarily known for playing drums, he also sings backing vocals and is heavily involved with other aspects of the band's output, such as programming electronic instruments and sequencers, and designing and programming lights for their live shows.

He played guitar in another Nebraskan band, Park Ave., and acted as producer and engineer of their album.  He has also participated on many releases and tours for Bright Eyes, playing drums and clarinet.  While The Faint was on break following the tour for their 2008 album, Fasciinatiion, Baechle toured and performed with Depressed Buttons, which also included Fink and fellow Faint member Jacob Thiele.  For some guest appearances, and when creating remixes for other artists, he uses the stage name Recordist.

Bright Eyes (band)
Bright Eyes is an American indie rock band founded in Omaha, Nebraska by singer-songwriter and guitarist Conor Oberst. It consists of Oberst, multi-instrumentalist and producer Mike Mogis, arranger, composer, trumpet and piano player Nate Walcott, and a rotating line-up of collaborators drawn primarily from Omaha's indie music scene.

Between 1998 and 2011, the band's albums were released through Saddle Creek Records, a Nebraska-based label founded by Justin Oberst (Conor's brother) and Mogis. In January 2020, the band announced their return, having signed with Dead Oceans. Their most recent album, Five Dice, All Threes, was released in September 2024.
NIC.br
The Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR (English: Brazilian Network Information Center) is a non-profit organization created to implement the decisions and projects designed by the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee. Some of NIC.br's responsibilities include maintaining Registro.br, responsible for the .br domain name, handle internet security and network security in Brazil, handle infrastructure for the Internet in Brazil, and gather and publish statistics about internet usage in Brazil.

The organization is also responsible for the Brazilian chapter of the World Wide Web Consortium organization. In May 2020, CEPTRO.br launched the Layer 8 podcast, with monthly episodes to discuss issues related to Internet infrastructure, communication networks and technology.

World Wide Web Consortium
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of technical standards for the World Wide Web. As of May 2025, W3C has 350 members. The organization has been led by CEO Seth Dobbs since October 2023. W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.
Epainette Mbeki
Nomaka Epainette Mbeki (née Moerane; 16 February 1916 – 7 June 2014), commonly known as "MaMbeki", a stalwart community activist and promoter of women's development, mother of former President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki. and widow of political activist and Rivonia trialist, Dr. Govan Mbeki. She lived in Ngcingwane, a rural hamlet near Dutywa, one of South Africa's poorest municipalities. She was known for her auspicious relatives and, more importantly to her, her endeavours to improve the residents' quality of life. Gillian Rennie, in an award-winning profile, quoted a co-worker as saying, "She is not like other retired people, getting a pension and saying, 'Let me play golf and fish a bit.'  The old lady is a humble person."

Rivonia Trial
The Rivonia Trial was a trial that took place in apartheid-era South Africa between 9 October 1963 and 12 June 1964, after a group of anti-apartheid activists were arrested on Liliesleaf Farm in Rivonia. The farm had been the secret location for meetings of uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the newly-formed armed wing of the African National Congress. The trial took place in Pretoria at the Palace of Justice and the Old Synagogue.

Men who were convicted and sentenced to prison for their activities included Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, Ahmed Kathrada, Denis Goldberg, Raymond Mhlaba, Elias Motsoaledi, Andrew Mlangeni. Many were convicted of sabotage and sentenced to life.
Jodi Ekdin
Jodi Ekdin: The Sacrifice is a 2019 Bangladeshi family drama film, which are released in 2019. This movie was directed by Mohammad Mostafa Kamal Raz and produced by Bengal Multimedia Limited. The main cast in this movie are Tahsan, Srabanti, Taskeen and child actor Afrin Shikha Raisa.

Srabanti Chatterjee
Srabanti Chatterjee (born 13 August 1987) is an Indian actress and politician who works in Bengali films. One of the highest paid actresses in Bengali cinema, she is known for her versatile acting skills and has been a popular face in the Bengali film industry. Chatterjee began her acting career as a child artist in 1997 with the film Mayar Badhon, directed by Swapan Saha. She rose to fame in 2003 after playing the lead role in Champion. Throughout her career, she has delivered several notable performances in films such as Amanush (2010), Shikari (2016) and Bhootchakra Pvt. Ltd. (2019). She is widely acclaimed for her roles in romantic and family drama films, earning her a loyal fan base across West Bengal, Bangladesh and beyond.

Srabanti's personal life has often been in the spotlight due to her personal choices. She has a son named Abhimanyu Chatterjee.
Direct and indirect band gaps
In semiconductors, the band gap of a semiconductor can be of two basic types, a direct band gap or an indirect band gap.   The minimal-energy state in the conduction band and the maximal-energy state in the valence band are each characterized by a certain crystal momentum (k-vector) in the Brillouin zone. If the k-vectors are different, the material has an "indirect gap". The band gap is called "direct" if the crystal momentum of electrons and holes is the same in both the conduction band and the valence band; an electron can directly emit a photon. In an "indirect" gap, a photon cannot be emitted because the electron must pass through an intermediate state and transfer momentum to the crystal lattice.

Examples of direct bandgap materials include hydrogenated amorphous silicon and some III–V materials such as InAs and GaAs. Indirect bandgap materials include crystalline silicon and Ge. Some III–V materials are indirect bandgap as well, for example AlSb.

Crystal momentum
In solid-state physics, crystal momentum or quasimomentum is a momentum-like vector associated with electrons in a crystal lattice. It is defined by the associated wave vectors  of this lattice, according to

(where  is the reduced Planck constant).: 139 
In systems with discrete translation symmetry, crystal momentum is conserved like mechanical momentum, making it useful to physicists and materials scientists as an analytical tool.
Fluidity (video game)
Fluidity (known as Hydroventure in Europe and Oceania) is a physics-based puzzle game developed by Curve Studios and published by Nintendo for WiiWare on the Wii video game console. The game focuses on controlling a small body of water that is utilized in its different states of matter to progress through the game's levels.

Fluidity was released in North America and Europe in December 2010. A sequel, Fluidity: Spin Cycle, was released for the Nintendo 3DS eShop in December 2012.

Puzzle
A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge. In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together (or take them apart) in a logical way, in order to find the solution of the puzzle. There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, relational puzzles, and logic puzzles. The academic study of puzzles is called enigmatology.

Puzzles are often created to be a form of entertainment but they can also arise from serious mathematical or logical problems. In such cases, their solution may be a significant contribution to mathematical research.