hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anirban Pathak
Anirban Pathak is an Indian physicist, professor, and the Head of the Department of Physics and Materials Science & Engineering at the Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida. He has worked in quantum optics, quantum information, and quantum cryptography. He is a fellow of The National Academy of Sciences, India (NASI), the Optical Society of India (OSI), and the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE). He is also the 2017 recipient of the Om Prakash Bhasin Award in the field of Electronics & Information Technology.

Om Prakash Bhasin Award
Om Prakash Bhasin Award for Science and Technology is an Indian award, instituted in 1985 to recognize excellence in the areas of science and technology. The award, given individually or collectively to a group, is annual in cycle and carries a plaque, a citation and a cash prize of ₹ 100,000. The winners are invited to deliver the Om Prakash Bhasin Memorial Lecture at a venue decided by the award committee.
Cricket in England
Cricket is one of the most popular sports in England, and has been played since the 16th century. Marylebone Cricket Club, based at Lord's, developed the modern rules of play and conduct. The sport is administered by the England and Wales Cricket Board and represented at an international level by the England men's team and England women's team. At a domestic level, teams are organised by county, competing in tournaments such as the County Championship, Metro Bank One-Day Cup, T20 Blast and the Women's Twenty20 Cup. Recent developments include the introduction of a regional structure for women's cricket and the establishment of The Hundred for both men's and women's cricket. Recreational matches are organised on a regional basis, with the top level being the ECB Premier Leagues.

Sport in England
Sport in England plays a prominent role in English society. Popular teams sports in England include association football, cricket, field hockey,  rugby union, rugby league, and netball. Major individual sports include badminton, athletics, tennis, boxing, golf, cycling, motorsport, and horseracing. Cricket is regarded as the national summer sport. Football is generally considered to be the popular sport, followed by cricket, tennis and rugby. A number of modern sports were codified in England during the nineteenth century, among them cricket, rugby union, rugby league, football, field hockey, bandy, squash,  chess, tennis, and badminton. The game of baseball was first described in 18th century England.
Qobád (Shahnameh)
Qobád (Persian: قباد) or Kawād (Persian: کواد)  is a mythical and inspiring personality. He is the brother of Qaren who was the ruler of Ray under Nowzar. Qobad was an old man killed in battle with Barman.

Qaren
Qaren (Persian: قارن) is present in the Shahnameh during the period of Fereydoun. He is alongside gladiators, such as Nariman, Shapur, Nastooh, Shidoosh and Shirvy. All of these fighters are involved in the battle of Manuchehr because of Kane Iraj.
Cafileria
Cafileria is a genus of marine microscopic protists. It is monotypic, comprising the single species Cafileria marina, described in 2019 from Norway. It is part of a clade of heterotrophic flagellates that consume bacteria, known as Bicosoecida. Due to its small size it is described as a nanoflagellate. It is the only organism where direct connections between mitochondria and the cell nucleus have been observed. Another peculiarity of C. marina is the change in shape of the Golgi apparatus during the cell cycle.

Bicoecida
Bicoecida (ICZN) or Bicosoecales/Bicoecea (ICBN) is an order of Bikosea, a small group of unicellular flagellates, included among the stramenopiles. Sometimes informally known as bicoecids, they are free-living cells, with no chloroplasts, and in some genera are encased in a lorica.

The name of the type genus Bicosoeca described by James-Clark in 1866 is derived from Greek roots (bikos, vase, bowl, plus oekein, inhabit). The philologically preferable compound would be Bicoeca, as "corrected" by Stein in 1878 and followed by most subsequent authors. However, according to the ICBN and ICZN, the original spelling of the name cannot be considered incorrect and it must be used in its original form.

The group was formerly considered to be related to the Chrysophyceae.

Some authors use the vernacular term "bicoecid" (or "bicosoecid") in a narrower sense, only for Bicosoeca, applying "bicoeceans" to Bicosoeca and related groups like Cafeteria.
Steel Dome
Steel Dome (Turkish: Çelik Kubbe) is a multi-layered combined air defense system developed by Turkey using domestic technology. It has an integrated architecture, where air defense systems operate at different altitudes in an integrated manner. The system includes domestic systems such as Sungur, GÖKSUR, Korkut, Gürz SHORAD, Hisar-A, Hisar-O, Siper missile systems, Aselsan EIRS, ALP 100-G, ALP 300-G radars and REDET, PUHU, KORAL, VURAL electronic warfare systems. Its integrated architecture creates a common air picture and increases defense effectiveness with artificial intelligence-based decision support systems.

ALP 100-G
ALP 100-G is a GaN based multifunction low altitude early warning active electronically scanned array air defense radars developed by Aselsan. A radar capable of 3D detection and tracking of fighter jets, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and cruise missiles is in the development phase.

ALP 100-G can shows the firing and falling points of enemy elements with its "special weapon detection mode". The first Alp 100-G was delivered to the Turkish Armed Forces on 8 April 2025. On 27 August 2025, at a ceremony attended by President Erdoğan, air defense systems worth approximately $460 million, including the ALP 300-G and ALP 100-G, were delivered to the Turkish Armed Forces.

In 2026, Turkey delivered ALP-100G in Somalia
U.S. Route 28
U.S. Route 28 (US 28) was an east–west United States Numbered Highway that was located completely in the U.S. state of Oregon. It connected US 99 in Eugene with US 30 in Ontario. It existed from 1926 to 1952.

U.S. Route 99
U.S. Route 99 (US 99) was a main north–south United States Numbered Highway on the West Coast of the United States until 1964, running from Calexico, California, on the Mexican border to Blaine, Washington, on the Canadian border. It was assigned in 1926 and existed until it was replaced for the most part by Interstate 5. Known also as the "Golden State Highway" and "The Main Street of California", US 99 was important throughout much of the 1930s as a route for Dust Bowl immigrant farm workers to traverse the state.

Sections of the highway were replaced with freeways that were initially signed as US 99 and later became part of Interstate 5. The entire highway was decommissioned in 1972. Large portions are now California State Route 99 (SR 99), Oregon's Routes 99, 99W, and 99E, and Washington's SR 99. The highway in Washington connected to British Columbia Highway 99, whose number was derived from that of US 99, at the Canada–US border.
Anolis carolinensis
Anolis carolinensis or green anole (US: /əˈnoʊ.li/ ⓘ) (among other names below) is a tree-dwelling species of anole lizard native to the southeastern United States and introduced to islands in the Pacific and Caribbean. A small to medium-sized lizard, the green anole is a trunk-crown ecomorph and can change its color to several shades from brown to green.

Other names include the Carolina anole, Carolina green anole, American anole, American green anole, North American green anole and red-throated anole. It is commonly called chameleon in the southeastern United States and sometimes referred to as the American chameleon (typically in the pet trade) due to its color-changing ability; however, it is not a true chameleon.

Anolis ecomorphs
The ecomorph concept is a term first coined by Ernest Edward Williams in 1972 which he defined as a “species with the same structural habitat/niche, similar in morphology and behavior, but not necessarily close phyletically.” Williams first applied this definition to the Greater Antillean anoles (specifically in Puerto Rico) upon observing their evolutionary radiation, although it has since been used widely elsewhere.

Anoles have repeatedly evolved into similar forms on different islands, dubbed 'ecomorphs'. Convergence is in microhabitat specialty, behavior, and morphology. Langerhans, Knouft & Losos call the set of Anolis lizard ecomorphs of the Greater Antilles "a classic example of convergent evolution." Jonathan Losos defined six Anolis ecomorphs according to the predominant microhabitat (e.g. grasses, open ground, different parts of trees) of the respective Anolis: crown giant, trunk-crown, trunk, trunk-ground, twig, and grass-bush.
Grant (automobile)
The Grant Motor Co was an American automobile manufacturing company from 1913 to 1922, based in Detroit Michigan for its first year then Findlay, Ohio. The company produced several thousand four- and six-cylinder automobiles, and exported cars to England as Whiting-Grant. In 1916, a five-passenger touring car produced by the company sold for US$795.

Findlay, Ohio
Findlay (/ˈfɪnli/ FIN-lee) is a city in Hancock County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The second-largest city in Northwest Ohio, Findlay lies about 40 miles (64 km) south of Toledo. The population was 40,313 at the 2020 census. The principal city of the Findlay micropolitan area, it is home to the University of Findlay and the headquarters of Marathon Petroleum.
2017–18 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2017–18 Serbian SuperLiga was the twelfth season of the Serbian SuperLiga, Serbia's top football league. The season began on 21 July 2017 and ended on 19 May 2018. FK Partizan were the defending champions from the previous season.

2016–17 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2016–17 Serbian SuperLiga was the eleventh season of the Serbian SuperLiga. Red Star are the defending champions. The fixtures were announced on 15 June 2016. Red Star Belgrade drew the highest average home attendance of the league (9,056).
General Duke (horse)
General Duke (born 1865) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the second running of the Belmont Stakes in 1868. A son of Lexington, he was bred by Robert A. Alexander in Kentucky. He raced as a two-year-old, winning twice, including a stakes race. As a three-year-old, he raced nine times, winning six races, including several stakes. His final racing record was 18 wins from 32 starts. He was later known as Judge Curtis, and after his racing career ended he was a breeding stallion in Canada before dying in Illinois in 1888. Three of his daughters won stakes races.

Lexington (horse)
Lexington (March 17, 1850 – July 1, 1875) was a United States Thoroughbred race horse who won six of his seven race starts. Perhaps his greatest fame, however, came as the most successful sire of the second half of the nineteenth century; he was the leading sire in North America 16 times, and broodmare sire of many notable racehorses.
Darwin's Waiting Room
Darwin's Waiting Room  was an American nu metal band from Miami, Florida, active from 1995 to 2004. The group achieved moderate commercial success with their major-label debut album, Orphan, which peaked at number 19 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart in 2001.

The band solidified its most well-known lineup in early 2000 and signed with MCA Records. Following the release of Orphan, they received significant airplay on MTV2 for the single "Feel So Stupid (Table 9)" and toured with bands such as Godsmack, Deftones, and Nonpoint. The group disbanded in 2004 following several industry setbacks. Reports indicate they were dropped by their label during the merger of Universal Music Group and were unable to officially release their sophomore album, Apology Accepted. Guitarist Eddie "The Kydd" Rendini officially announced the "amicable end" of the collaboration online in 2004.

Nonpoint
Nonpoint is an American heavy metal band from Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The band currently consists of vocalist Elias Soriano, drummer Robb Rivera, rhythm guitarist Rasheed Thomas, bassist Adam Woloszyn, and lead guitarist Jaysin Zeilstra.

Nonpoint was formed in 1997 by Rivera and Soriano. They released two independent demo albums in the 1990s, followed by their major label debut album, Statement, in 2000. Over the years, Nonpoint released numerous albums, with their most recent, X, released in 2018. The band has toured extensively and has had their music featured in various video games, movies, and soundtracks. In April 2021, Nonpoint announced the creation of their independent record label, 361 Degrees Records.
Iowa 80
Iowa 80, known as the world's largest truck stop, is a truck stop, located along Interstate 80 (I-80) off exit 284 in Walcott, Iowa. It sits on a 220-acre (89 ha) plot of land, three times larger than an average 75-acre (30 ha) truckstop, and it receives 5,000 visitors daily. Iowa 80 features a 67,000 sq ft (6,200 m2) main building, parking for 900 trucks, 15 diesel fuel pumps, and also has a dedicated pump for dispensing bulk diesel exhaust fluid. Four-hundred and fifty employees staff the megaplex. The stop offers numerous amenities for truckers and tourists, including a buffet, a food court, a movie theater, a dentist, a chiropractor, a church and a museum dedicated to trucking.

Iowa 80 is currently affiliated with the TravelCenters of America chain.

TravelCenters of America
TravelCenters of America LLC is the full-service truck stop and travel center company in the United States. The company operates full service centers, convenience stores, and restaurants under the TravelCenters of America brands TA, Petro Stopping Centers, TA Express, and GOASIS. TravelCenters of America is headquartered in Westlake, Ohio, operates in 44 U.S. states, and employs nearly 20,000 people, as of 2021.

In May 2023, BP acquired the company.
Sammy Black
Samuel Black ISM (18 October 1905 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside left.

Often regarded as the greatest player to have represented Plymouth Argyle, he is the club's all-time record scorer with 182 goals. His career began in his native Scotland with Kirkintilloch Rob Roy, where he was spotted by Bob Jack. He moved to Devon in 1924 and became an instant favourite with the club's supporters. His goalscoring ability made him stand out from other wingers and his partnership with inside left Jack Leslie became legendary, as the club challenged for promotion to the First Division during the 1930s. Nicknamed The Mighty Atom, Black was known to play with a cigarette stub tucked behind his ear. He ended his career with Queens Park Rangers and returned to Plymouth during the war to work in the Royal Naval Armaments Depot. He was inducted into the Plymouth Argyle Hall of Fame in 2004.

Bob Jack
Robert Jack (4 April 1876 – 6 May 1943) was a Scottish football player and manager. Born in Alloa, Jack played in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers, Preston North End and Glossop, and the Southern League for Plymouth Argyle and Southend United. He was an outside forward. Jack is Argyle's most successful and longest-serving manager. During his 29 years in charge, the club won two league championships and established itself in the Second Division of the Football League. Jack also managed Southend for four years. His son, David, scored the first goal at Wembley Stadium.
C. Dass
C. Dass (7 June 1922 – 20 January 2001) was an Indian politician of the Indian National Congress. He was member of the 3rd Lok Sabha (1962–1967) and the 4th Lok Sabha (1967–1970), from Tirupati. Dass was also a member of the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams from 1963 to 1966. He was predeceased by his wife, with whom he had three sons and two daughters. Dass died on 20 January 2001, at the age of 78.

3rd Lok Sabha
The 3rd Lok Sabha, (2 April 1962 – 3 March 1967) was elected in February–March 1962. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. The election was held for 494 seats out of which Indian national congress won 361 seats. 14 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 3rd Lok Sabha after the 1962 Indian general election.

Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister as in 1st Lok Sabha and 2nd Lok Sabha, till his death on 27 May 1964.

Gulzarilal Nanda became acting Prime Minister for 13 days, before Lal Bahadur Shastri became Prime Minister on 9 June 1964. After Shastri's death on 11 January 1966, Nanda became acting Prime Minister again for 13 days. Later Indira Gandhi, Rajya Sabha member from Uttar Pradesh became Prime Minister on 24 January 1966.

The next 4th Lok Sabha was constituted on 4 March 1967 after 1967 Indian general election.
Transfer-messenger RNA
Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties. The tmRNA forms a ribonucleoprotein complex (tmRNP) together with Small Protein B (SmpB), Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu), and ribosomal protein S1. In trans-translation, tmRNA and its associated proteins bind to bacterial ribosomes which have stalled in the middle of protein biosynthesis, for example when reaching the end of a messenger RNA which has lost its stop codon. The tmRNA is remarkably versatile: it recycles the stalled ribosome, adds a proteolysis-inducing tag to the unfinished polypeptide, and facilitates the degradation of the aberrant messenger RNA. In the majority of bacteria these functions are carried out by standard one-piece tmRNAs. In other bacterial species, a permuted ssrA gene produces a two-piece tmRNA in which two separate RNA chains are joined by base-pairing.

Ribosome
A ribosome (/ˈraɪbəzoʊm, -soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This is an energy-consuming, dynamic process, requiring the synthesis of around 200 proteins in the processing of ribosomal RNAs and assembling them with ribosomal proteins to make the ribosomes subunits.
Ptychochromis
Ptychochromis is a genus of cichlids endemic to rivers and lakes in Madagascar. One species (P. grandidieri) can also be seen in brackish water. Most species in this genus are threatened, and P. onilahy is probably extinct. Most reach a length of 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in), but P. insolitus reaches 25 cm (10 in), while P. grandidieri and P. oligacanthus reach 35 cm (14 in) and 20 cm (8 in) respectively.  The largest species was P. onilahy which may have reached as much as 45 cm (18 in) if reports of fishermen are to be believed.

Ptychochromis oligacanthus
Ptychochromis oligacanthus is a species of cichlid endemic in fresh water habitats in the western part of the Antsiranana Province in Madagascar. The population on the island of Nosy Be appears to be stable, but the mainland populations are threatened by habitat loss. It reaches a length of 25 centimetres (9.8 in) TL.
Spider's Web (play)
Spider's Web is a play by crime writer Agatha Christie. Spider's Web, which premiered in London's West End in 1954, is Agatha Christie's second most successful play (744 performances), having run longer than Witness for the Prosecution, which premiered in 1953 (458 performances). It is surpassed only by Christie's record-breaking The Mousetrap, which has run continuously since opening in the West End in 1952.

The Mousetrap
The Mousetrap is a murder mystery play by Agatha Christie. The longest-running West End show, it also has by far the longest run of any play in the world, reaching its 30,000th performance on 19 March 2025. The play opened in London's West End in 1952 and ran continuously until 16 March 2020, when the stage performances had to be temporarily discontinued during the COVID-19 pandemic. It then re-opened on 17 May 2021. As of 2022 the play had been seen by 10 million people in London.

A whodunit, the play has a twist ending which the audience are traditionally asked not to reveal after leaving the theatre. There are eight members of the cast, and by 2012 more than 400 actors had played the roles. Richard Attenborough was the original Detective Sergeant Trotter, and his wife, Sheila Sim, the first Mollie Ralston – owner of Monkswell Manor guesthouse. Since then few of the cast have been headliners, with Stephen Moss in The Guardian writing that "the play and its author are the stars".
Navy Headquarters (Australia)
The Navy Headquarters (formerly the Navy Strategic Command and  Navy Systems Command) is the command responsible for training, personnel, resources, engineering and capability development of the Royal Australian Navy. As such Navy Headquarters works with the Capability Acquisition and Sustainment Group, the Defence Science and Technology Group, and the Joint Capabilities Group to ensure the personal, materiel and logistical capabilities of the Royal Australian Navy.

Chief of Joint Capabilities
The Chief of Joint Capabilities (CJC) is the head of the Joint Capabilities Group (JCG) in the Australian Department of Defence. The Joint Capabilities Group was raised on 1 July 2017 with the position created as a result, with the inaugural CJC being Air Marshal Warren McDonald. The current chief is Lieutenant General Susan Coyle, who was appointed to the position in July 2024.
Umpire abuse
Umpire abuse refers to the act of abuse towards an umpire, referee, or other official in sport. The abuse can be verbal abuse (such as namecalling), or physical abuse (such as punching). For example, Australian Football League spectators use the term "white maggot" (derived from their formerly white uniforms) towards umpires at games, when they do not agree with an umpire's decision.

Umpire abuse has become quite common in sport, practiced by players, coaches and spectators, with one Australian Football league having half the tribunal cases heard about umpire abuse. There have also been some high-profile cases of abuse towards the umpires in sport, with one Australian football player suspended for life after striking an umpire.

Referee
A referee is an official, in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection. The official tasked with this job may be known by a variety of other titles  depending on the sport, including umpire, judge, arbiter, commissaire, or technical official (by the International Olympic Committee).  Referees may be assisted by linesmen, timekeepers, touch judges, or video assistant referees (VAR).
Gordon Barnhart
Gordon Leslie Barnhart OC SOM (born  January 22, 1945) is a former Clerk of the Senate of Canada and the Saskatchewan Legislature, as well as former Secretary of the University of Saskatchewan. He was the 20th lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan from 2006 until 2012. He was the interim President of the University of Saskatchewan as from May 21, 2014 until October 24, 2015.

Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan
The lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/) is the representative in Saskatchewan of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The current lieutenant governor is Bernadette McIntyre, who was sworn in on January 31, 2025.