hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Derivations of the Lorentz transformations
There are many ways to derive the Lorentz transformations using a variety of physical principles, ranging from Maxwell's equations to Einstein's postulates of special relativity, and mathematical tools, spanning from elementary algebra and hyperbolic functions, to linear algebra and group theory.

This article provides a few of the easier ones to follow in the context of special relativity, for the simplest case of a Lorentz boost in standard configuration, i.e. two inertial frames moving relative to each other at constant (uniform) relative velocity less than the speed of light, and using Cartesian coordinates so that the x and x′ axes are collinear.

Relative velocity
The relative velocity of an object B with respect to an observer A, denoted  (also  or ), is the velocity vector of B measured in the rest frame of A.
The relative speed is the vector norm of the relative velocity, .
Jamie Dowling
Jamie Dowling (born 29 October 1990) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer for the Burleigh Bears of the Intrust Super Cup. He is the grandson of former St. George Dragons and Queensland hooker, John Dowling.

Burleigh Bears
The Burleigh Bears are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in Gold Coast, Australia. They compete in Queensland's top rugby league competition, the Queensland Cup.

Since their admission to the competition in 1997, the club has appeared in six Grand Finals, winning four (1999, 2004, 2016 and 2019) and won the minor premiership three times (2003, 2004 and 2023). The team's leagues club and home ground, Pizzey Park, are located in the Gold Coast suburb of Miami. They currently serve as one of the feeder clubs for the Brisbane Broncos.
Mynydd-Bach, Swansea
Mynydd-Bach or Mynydd-bach is a suburban district and community in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, It falls within the coterminous Mynydd-Bach ward. The name Mynydd-Bach ('little mountain') refers to a small plateau, centred about 2.5 miles (4 km) north of Swansea city centre. The most important local employer is the DVLA, which moved here in 1974. The population as of the 2011 UK census was 8,872.

Swansea City Centre
Swansea city centre in Swansea, Wales, contains the main shopping, leisure and nightlife district in Swansea.  The city centre covers much of the Castle ward including the area around Oxford Street, Castle Square, and the Quadrant Shopping Centre; Alexandra Road, High Street, Wind Street and the Castle; Parc Tawe; and the Maritime Quarter extending down to the seafront.
Boudouaou Valley
Boudouaou Valley is a river originating in the Khachna Mountains, flowing northward through the city of Boudouaou in Algeria. Along its journey, the valley traverses Boumerdès Province before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea.

Boumerdès Province
Boumerdès (Arabic: ولاية بومرداس) is a province (wilaya) of northern Algeria. It is located in the Kabylia region, between Algiers and Tizi-Ouzou, with its capital at the coastal city of Boumerdès (formerly Rocher-Noir) just east of Algiers.
Jose B. Lingad
Jose "Joe" Bulaon Lingad (Tagalog: [hoˈse bʊlaɔn ˈliŋgɐd]; November 24, 1914 – December 16, 1980), also known by his initials JBL, was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as governor of Pampanga from 1948 to 1951 and representative of Pampanga's 1st district from 1969 to 1972. He also became commissioner of the Bureau of Internal Revenue and Bureau of Customs and subsequently secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment. He is one of the victims of the martial law at the hands of Ferdinand Marcos .

Pampanga's 1st congressional district
Pampanga's 1st congressional district is one of the four congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Pampanga. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1916 and earlier in the Philippine Assembly from 1907 to 1916. The district consists of the independent city of Angeles, the adjacent city of Mabalacat, and the municipality of Magalang. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Carmelo Lazatin Jr. of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP) and Kambilan.

Prior to its second dissolution in 1972, the district encompassed the western Pampanga municipalities of Angeles (which became a city in 1964), Bacolor, Floridablanca, Guagua, Lubao, Macabebe, Masantol, Porac, Santa Rita, and Sexmoan. Following the restoration of the Congress in 1987, it was redefined to encompass Angeles and neighboring northern Pampanga municipalities of Mabalacat and Magalang, a configuration that remains in effect to date.
Jeon Jong-seo
Jeon Jong-seo (Korean: 전종서; born July 5, 1994), also known as Rachel Jun, is a South Korean actress. She made her acting debut in a leading role in the acclaimed thriller film Burning (2018). She next starred in the film The Call (2020) for which she won the Baeksang Arts Award for Best Actress. She starred in the English language film Mona Lisa and the Blood Moon (2021) and in the Netflix series Money Heist: Korea – Joint Economic Area (2022).

Baeksang Arts Award for Best Actress – Film
The Baeksang Arts Award for Best Actress – Film (Korean: 백상예술대상 영화부문 여자 최우수 연기상; RR: Baeksang Yesul Daesang Yeonghwa Bumun Yeoja Choeusu Yeongisang) is an award presented annually at the Baeksang Arts Awards ceremony organised by Ilgan Sports and JTBC Plus, affiliates of JoongAng Ilbo, usually in the second quarter of each year in Seoul.
Susan Kohner
Susanna "Susan" Kohner (born November 11, 1936) is an American actress who worked in film and television. She played Sarah Jane, a young African-American woman attempting to "pass" as white, in Imitation of Life (1959), for which she was nominated for an Oscar as Best Supporting Actress. She won two Golden Globe awards for her performance.

Kohner married menswear designer and writer John Weitz in 1964. Their two sons, Paul Weitz and Chris Weitz, both became film directors and producers, screenwriters, and occasional actors.

Passing (racial identity)
Passing, in the context of race, occurs when one conceals their socially applied racial identity or ethnicity in order to be perceived as another race for acceptance and/or other benefits. Historically, the term has been used primarily in the United States to describe a person of mixed race who has assimilated into the white majority to escape the legal and social consequences of racial segregation and discrimination. In the Antebellum South, passing as White was sometimes a temporary disguise used as a means of escaping slavery, which had become a racial caste.
Manish Khanna (air marshal)
Air Marshal Manish Khanna, UYSM, AVSM, VM is a serving officer of the Indian Air Force. He is currently serving as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Air Command. He was previously serving as the Senior Air Staff Officer, South Western Air Command.

Uttam Yudh Seva Medal
Uttam Yudh Seva Medal (UYSM; Great War Service Medal) is one of India's military decorations for Wartime Distinguished Service. It is awarded for a high degree of distinguished services in an operational context. "Operational context" includes times of war, conflict, or hostilities. The award is a wartime equivalent of Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, which is a Peacetime Distinguished Service decoration. Uttam Yudh Seva Medal may be awarded posthumously.
SSC Ancona ASD
Società Sportiva Calcistica Ancona, commonly referred to as Ancona, is an Italian football club based in Ancona, Marche, currently playing in Serie D.

The club is the heir of the defunct former Serie A club Ancona, with whom it shares its official historical logo. The history of football in Ancona dates back to 1905, when the original club was founded.

Ancona
Ancona (/æŋˈkoʊnə/, also US: /ænˈ-, ɑːnˈ-/; Italian: [aŋˈkoːna] ⓘ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy. The city of Ancona has an estimated population of around 99,469 as of 2025. Ancona is the capital of the homonymous province and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco. The hilly nature around Ancona is a strong contrast to the flatter coastline in areas further north.

Ancona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.

As a result of Ancona's unique elbow shape facing the sea, Ancona is one of the few cities in the world and the only city in Italy where it is possible to see both sunrise and sunset over the sea.
Willie Jefferson
Willie Hebert Jefferson III (born January 31, 1991) is an American professional football defensive end for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Jefferson is a three-time Grey Cup champion, winning with the Edmonton Eskimos in 2015 and twice more with the Blue Bombers in 2019 and 2021. He was named the CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player in 2019 with the Bombers, and is a six-time CFL All-Star and seven-time CFL West All-Star. He has also been a member of the Houston Texans, Buffalo Bills, Washington Redskins, and Saskatchewan Roughriders. Jefferson played college football for the Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks and Baylor Bears.

103rd Grey Cup
The 103rd Grey Cup was a Canadian football game that was played on November 29, 2015 between the East Division champion Ottawa Redblacks and the West Division champion Edmonton Eskimos to decide the Canadian Football League (CFL) championship for the 2015 season. The game was played at Investors Group Field in Winnipeg, Manitoba.  Shaw Communications was the presenting sponsor of the game; it was the first time in CFL history that the Grey Cup had been sponsored. The Eskimos won the contest 26–20 to claim their 14th Grey Cup championship in franchise history and first since 2005.  Mike Reilly was named Most Valuable Player and Shamawd Chambers received the Dick Suderman Trophy as Most Valuable Canadian. It was the Eskimos' first Grey Cup win that did not involve Hugh Campbell in any capacity with the organization since the 1975 Grey Cup. This was Edmonton's last Grey Cup under the "Eskimos" name before the team name was changed to the Edmonton Elks in 2020.
Kandalaksha Coast
66°46′41″N 33°23′43″E﻿ / ﻿66.77806°N 33.39528°E﻿ / 66.77806; 33.39528

The Kandalaksha Coast (Russian: Кандалакшский берег) is a coastal area in Murmansk Oblast in northwest Russia. It is located on the northern side of the White Sea, between Kandalaksha and mouth of Varzuga River. The major rivers flowing to the sea at the coast are the Umba and the Niva.

Administratively, the Kandalaksha Coast is shared between Kandalakshsky and Tersky Districts of Murmansk Oblast.

The cities and villages of Kandalaksha, Luvenga, Kolvitsa, Umba, Olenitsa, Kashkarantsy are all located at the Kandalaksha Coast. The coast was populated not later than 13th century by the Pomors.

Kandalaksha Coast (excluding Kandalakshsky District) is included into border security zone, intended to protect the borders of Russian Federation from unwanted activity. In order to visit the zone, a permit issued by the local FSB department is required.

Kandalakshsky District
Kandalakshsky District (Russian: Кандала́кшский райо́н) is an administrative district (a raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kandalakshsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the oblast, and borders with Kovdorsky District to the north, Loukhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, and with Finland to the west. The area of the district is 14,400 square kilometers (5,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kandalaksha. Population:  49,544 (2010 Census); 60,140 (2002 Census); 78,239 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kandalaksha accounts for 72.0% of the district's total population.
Ted Brown (activist)
Ted Brown (born 1 February 1950) is a British gay rights activist. He organised the United Kingdom's first Gay Pride Rally in 1972 as part of his work in the Gay Liberation Front and co-founded Black Lesbians and Gays Against Media Homophobia (BLAGAMH). He has been described by The Guardian as a "key figure in both British civil rights history and LGBT history".

Pride in London
Pride in London is an annual LGBTQ+ pride festival and pride parade held each summer in London, England. The event, formerly run by Pride London, is sometimes referred to as London Pride.

Pride in London celebrates the diversity of LGBTQ+ communities with the Pride in London Parade, as well as free events that take place in Trafalgar Square and other areas in central London. This event aims to bring together people of all genders, ethnicities, sexualities, and races.

Pride in London is among the longest running pride festivals in the United Kingdom. In recent years, the event has included more than 35,000 participants representing over 500 groups, and has attracted an estimated 1.5 million attendees. The festival’s programme and route vary annually, with events held at different locations across London.
2022 Gujarat alcohol poisoning
On 25 July 2022, at least 42 people died and more than 97 were hospitalized in a methanol poisoning incident in Gujarat, India. The victims had consumed undiluted methyl alcohol (methanol), assuming it to be alcohol. The spurious liquor was then sold to more than 100 people in the villages of Ahmedabad, Botad and Surendranagar.

The Gujarat government said that the deaths were caused by "chemical poisoning" caused by 98.71% to 98.99% methanol, illegally sourced from an employee of a chemical packaging company, who sold it to bootleggers from different villages in the Botad district. An investigation is ongoing and fifteen people have been arrested by the police in the incident. Police have said they have recovered 475 litres of the liquid.

Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter.
Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well as a host of more specialized chemicals.
Rajinder Garg
Rajinder Garg (born 30 May 1966) is an Indian horticulturalist and politician who served in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2017 until 2022, representing the Ghumarwin constituency. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Garg has served as the state's Minister of Food, Civil Supplies, and Consumer Affairs from 2020 until 2022.

Ghumarwin Assembly constituency
Ghumarwin Assembly constituency is one of the 68 constituencies in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh, a northern state of India. Ghumarwin is also part of Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency.
Wieland Gevers
Wieland Gevers OMS FRSSAf (born 9 October 1937) is a retired South African biochemist and education administrator. He is emeritus professor of medical biochemistry at the University of Cape Town, where he has taught since 1978. He was a deputy vice-chancellor of the same university between 1992 and 2002.

Gevers is also a former president of the Royal Society of South Africa and Academy of Science of South Africa, as well as the founding president of the South African Biochemical Society.

Order of Mapungubwe
The Order of Mapungubwe is a South African civilian honour awarded by the President of South Africa. It recognises South African citizens whose achievements have international impact and serve the interests of South Africa. It is South Africa's highest honour.

The order is named after the ancient civilisation of Mapungubwe, which was located in modern-day South Africa. It was instituted on 6 December 2002, and its first recipient (in the highest class) was former president Nelson Mandela.
2012 Australian Capital Territory election
Elections to the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly occurred on Saturday, 20 October 2012. The 11-year incumbent Labor Party, led by Chief Minister Katy Gallagher, won a fourth term over the main opposition Liberal Party, led by opposition leader Zed Seselja.

Candidates are elected to fill all 17 Legislative Assembly seats in the unicameral parliament which consists of three multi-member electorates, Brindabella (five seats), Ginninderra (five seats) and Molonglo (seven seats), using a proportional representation single transferable vote method known as the Hare-Clark system. The election was conducted by the ACT Electoral Commission.

Canberra Liberals
The Canberra Liberals, officially known as the Liberal Party of Australia (Australian Capital Territory Division), is the division of the Liberal Party of Australia in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The party has been in opposition in the ACT Legislative Assembly for much of its existence, but held power with the support of minor parties and independents between 1989 and 1991 and again between 1995 and 2001. As of 2025, it is the only state or territory division of either major party to be unrepresented in the federal parliament.
Denny Brown
Dennis Brown (born January 10, 1956) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, "Downtown" Denny Brown. He is best known for his appearances with the National Wrestling Alliance affiliates Championship Wrestling from Florida and Jim Crockett Promotions in the 1980s and with World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s.

Championship Wrestling from Florida
Championship Wrestling from Florida (CWF) was the corporate and brand name of the Tampa, Florida, wrestling office existing from 1961, when Eddie Graham first bought into the promotion, until 1987, when it closed down. It is also referred to as Florida Championship Wrestling. When Mike Graham tried a return to promoting, the rights to the name had been acquired by an outside party, forcing him to use another name, Florida Championship Wrestling.
Dan Palmer (guitarist)
Daniel Palmer (born 14 August 1978) is an English guitarist. He was born in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, and now lives in Whittier, California, United States. He is the lead guitarist of the bands Death By Stereo (since Oct 1999) and Zebrahead (since 2013). Palmer is a longtime user of Fernandes Guitars.

Fernandes Guitars
Fernandes Guitars is a guitar brand of Japanese marketing company Fernandes Electric Sound Research Group Co. Ltd. It is one of two guitar brands belonging to the company, the other being Burny Guitars which are Gibson guitar replicas.
2018 CHA women's ice hockey tournament
The 2018 College Hockey America Women's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 16th tournament in league history played between March 1 and March 3, 2018, at the Harborcenter in Buffalo, New York. Mercyhurst won their 12th tournament and earned College Hockey America's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Tournament.

2018 NCAA National Collegiate women's ice hockey tournament
The 2018 NCAA National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Tournament involves eight schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women's NCAA Division I college ice hockey. The quarterfinals will be played at the campuses of the seeded teams on Saturday, March 10, 2018. The Frozen Four will be played on March 16 and 18, 2018 at Ridder Arena in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The University of Minnesota will host the tournament. This will be the fourth time that Ridder Arena will host the Frozen Four and the sixth time it has been played in Minneapolis. This will be the second year that the Big Ten Network will air the Championship Game live and the first year the semifinals will be aired live on BTN.
Fatkhullo Fatkhulloyev
Fatkhullo Dastamovich Fatkhulloyev (Russian: Фатхулло Дастамович Фатхуллоев; born 24 March 1990) is a Tajik professional footballer who plays as a winger for Tajikistan Higher League club Eskhata and the Tajikistan national team.

Tajikistan Higher League
The Ligai Olii Tojikiston or Tajikistan Top League (Tajik: Лигаи Олии Тоҷикистон; Russian: Высшая лига Таджикистана, romanized: Vysshaya liga Tadzhikistana) is the top division of professional football in Tajikistan. It is part of the Tajikistan Football League Organization and Tajikistan Football Federation.

It was founded in 1992, with 8 clubs participating. The first champion of the league was CSKA Pomir Dushanbe. Currently the most successful team is FC Istiklol.
Stilwell, Oklahoma
Stilwell / ᏍᏗᎳᏪᎵ is a city located in the sovereign territory of the Cherokee Nation. It is the county seat of Adair County, and is home to the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. The population was 3,700 as of the 2020 U.S. census, a decline of 6.7 percent from the 3,949 population recorded in 2010. The Oklahoma governor and legislature proclaimed Stilwell as the "Strawberry Capital of the World” in 1949, but the role of strawberries in the local economy has diminished since then. Today, residents of Stilwell are among the poorest and most impoverished in the United States. Stilwell also serves as a gateway to Lake Tenkiller and Adair Park, formerly called Adair State Park.

Tahlequah, Oklahoma
Tahlequah (/ˈtæləkwɑː/ TAL-ə-kwah; Cherokee: ᏓᎵᏆ, daligwa [dàlígʷá]) is a city in Cherokee County, Oklahoma located at the foothills of the Ozark Mountains. It is part of the Green Country region of Oklahoma and was established as a capital of the 19th-century Cherokee Nation in 1839, as part of the new settlement in Indian Territory after the Cherokee Native Americans were forced west from the American Southeast on the Trail of Tears.

As of the 2020 census, Tahlequah had a population of 16,209.

Tahlequah is the capital of the two federally recognized Cherokee tribes based in Oklahoma, the modern Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians. Tahlequah is also the county seat of Cherokee County. The main campus of Northeastern State University is located in the city.
Isekai Izakaya "Nobu"
Isekai Izakaya "Nobu" (異世界居酒屋「のぶ」; lit. Alternate World Bar "Nobu") is a Japanese light novel series written by Natsuya Semikawa and illustrated by Kururi. It began serialization online in 2012 on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō. It won the site's Ni Narō Con Taishō award before being acquired by Takarajimasha, who have published seven volumes since 2014 under their Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi! Bunko imprint. A manga adaptation with art by Virginia Nitōhei began serialization in Kadokawa Shoten's seinen manga magazine Young Ace from July 2015. As of July 2025, there have been 20 tankōbon volumes released in Japan. Udon Entertainment announced during their panel at San Diego Comic-Con that they have licensed the manga. As of March 15, 2022 volume 10 ISBN 9781772942163 has been published in English. An original net animation adaptation by Sunrise premiered from April 13 to September 14, 2018.

Izakaya
An izakaya (居酒屋) (Japanese: [izakaja]) is a type of informal Japanese bar that serves alcoholic drinks and snacks. Izakaya are casual places for after-work drinking, similar to a pub, a Spanish tapas bar, or an American saloon or tavern.