hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arabbuna
'Arabbuna (Arabic: عربّونة) is a Palestinian village in the West Bank governorate of Jenin. The village is located 9 km north of the city of Jenin, south of the West Bank separation barrier and according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) the village had a population of 1,025 in 2017. Prehistoric flint tools from the Upper and Middle Paleolithic period were found south of the village. Archaeological remains from the Byzantine era were found in the village. It is offered as the location of settlement called "Araba", mentioned by Eusebius in the 4th century CE.

Jenin
32°27′40″N 35°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿32.46111°N 35.30000°E﻿ / 32.46111; 35.30000

Jenin (/ʒɪˈniːn/ zhin-EEN; Arabic: جنين, romanized: Jinīn, locally pronounced [ʒɪˈniːn] ⓘ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and is the capital of the Jenin Governorate. It is a hub for the surrounding towns. Jenin came under Israeli occupation in 1967, and was put under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority as Area A of the West Bank, a Palestinian enclave, in 1995.

The city had a population of approximately 50,000 people in 2017, whilst the Jenin refugee camp had a population of about 10,000, housing families of Palestinians who fled or were expelled from their homes during the 1948 Palestine War. The camp has since become a stronghold of Palestinian militants, being the location of several incidents relating to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Digital cinematography
Digital cinematography is the process of capturing (recording) a motion picture using digital image sensors rather than through film stock. As digital technology has improved in recent years, this practice has become dominant. Since the 2000s, most movies across the world have been captured as well as distributed digitally.

Many vendors have brought products to market, including traditional film camera vendors like Arri and Panavision, as well as new vendors like Red, Blackmagic, Silicon Imaging, Vision Research and companies which have traditionally focused on consumer and broadcast video equipment, like Sony, GoPro, and Panasonic.

As of 2023, professional 4K digital cameras were approximately equal to 35mm film in their resolution and dynamic range capacity. Some filmmakers still prefer to use film picture formats to achieve the desired results.

Arri
Arri Group (/ˈæri/) (stylized as "ARRI") is a German manufacturer of motion picture film equipment.  Based in Munich, the company was founded in 1917. It produces professional motion picture cameras, lenses, lighting and post-production equipment.  It is cited by Hermann Simon as an example of a "hidden champion". The Arri Alexa camera system was used to shoot several films that won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, including Hugo (2011), Life of Pi (2012), Gravity (2013), Birdman (2014), The Revenant (2015) and 1917 (2019).
Gigi Dennis
Ginette E. Dennis (born November 28, 1961) is an American politician from Colorado, U.S. A Republican, she served as Secretary of State of Colorado from 2005 to 2006. She was appointed Secretary of State by Governor Bill Owens and succeeded Donetta Davidson. Previously, she was elected to the Colorado State Senate and served there from 1994 to 2001.

Secretary of State of Colorado
The secretary of state of Colorado is the secretary of state of the state of Colorado in the United States. The office is one of five elected constitutional offices in the state. The current secretary of state is Democrat Jena Griswold.
First Koizumi cabinet
The First Koizumi cabinet governed Japan from April 2001 until November 2003 under the leadership of Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, who came to power after winning a surprise victory in the LDP presidential election of 2001. The cabinet continued the LDP-Komeito-NCP coalition and contained a record number of 5 women, including Makiko Tanaka as the first female Foreign Minister. Several ministers from the previous Mori Administration remained in office to ensure the continuity and stability of government. Unusually for an LDP leader, Koizumi chose his cabinet himself and personally asked ministers to join the government, unlike previous practice where party factional leaders often chose government posts.

New Conservative Party (Japan)
The New Conservative Party (NCP) was the name of two now-defunct political parties in Japan with a common lineage.

The first incarnation of the party (保守党, Hoshutō, lit. 'Conservative Party') was founded on April 3, 2000 by 20 lower house and 6 upper house defectors from the Liberal Party. This party was dissolved briefly and then re-established (as 保守新党, Hoshu Shintō, lit. 'New Conservative Party') on December 25, 2002 in order to accommodate defectors from the Democratic Party of Japan.

The party eventually merged with the Liberal Democratic Party after the 2003 election.
Tongrenelle
Tongrenelle (French pronunciation: [tɔ̃ɡʁənɛl]) is a hamlet of Wallonia in the municipality of Sombreffe, district of Tongrinne, located in the province of Namur), Belgium.

It is east of the village of Ligny and north of the village of Boignée and on the south-eastern side of the village of Tongrinne.

Within the hamlet is the Ferme-Château de Tongrenelle. A castle existed on the site which entered the historical record in 1209. During the Battle of Ligny 16 June 1815 the castle, a formidable redoubt, was garrisoned by a contingent from the 3rd Battalion of the Prussian 27th Regiment. during the first half of the 19th century the castle fell into disrepair and was demolished in 1860. What remains is now a moated manor house with buildings dating from the 17th and 18th centuries.

Tongrinne
Tongrinne (French pronunciation: [tɔ̃ɡʁin]; Walloon: Tongrene) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Sombreffe, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.

Previously its own municipality, a 1977 fusion of the Belgian municipalities made it an ancienne commune of Sombreffe. Tongrinne is on the banks of the river Ligny.
Erie, Alabama
Erie is a ghost town located in present-day Hale County, Alabama, United States.
This was formerly the county seat of the larger Greene County, but the seat was moved to Eutaw in 1838 for the benefits of a more central location in a developing frontier area.

Erie declined without the benefit of county government business. When Hale County was organized in 1867, after the Civil War, Erie was within its boundaries. It was effectively abandoned long before the last house burned down in 1933.

Located at the "Erie Bend" on the east bank of the Black Warrior River, the former settlement is approximately 11 mi (18 km) east of Greensboro.

Greene County, Alabama
Greene County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,730, the least populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Eutaw. It was named in honor of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 81% African American, making it the fourth-most heavily black county by proportion in the United States, and the most black county among all counties located outside of the state of Mississippi. It is documented as one of the unhealthiest counties in the United States, with a population with an obesity percentage of 46.3 percent, the highest of any county in the state, and second to only Claiborne County in the western portion of neighboring Mississippi. The life expectancy there is 74.9 years, over 2 years lower than the national average.
Reinfeld, Manitoba
Reinfeld is an Unincorporated Urban Community (UUC) in the Rural Municipality of Stanley in the Pembina Valley region of Manitoba, Canada, about one  km east of Winkler. Mainly a Mennonite community, its relative vicinity to Winkler makes it a possible candidate to become a suburb in the future.

Winkler, Manitoba
Winkler is a city in Manitoba, Canada with a population of 13,745 (census agglomeration 32,655), making it the 4th largest city in Manitoba, as of the 2021 Canadian census. It is located in southern Manitoba, surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Stanley, about one hundred kilometres southwest of Winnipeg and 13 km (8.1 mi) east of its "twin city" Morden. As the largest city in the Pembina Valley, it serves as a regional hub for commerce, agriculture and industry. Winkler is the third-fastest growing city in the province after Morden and Steinbach.
2024 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's downhill
The women's downhill in the 2024 FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup consisted of eight events, including the final. The tentative schedule called for eleven events, but a new event, the team combined, which was scheduled for 16 February 2024 in Crans Montana, was cancelled and converted into an additional downhill on the final schedule, increasing the planned schedule to twelve. However, as discussed below in the season summary, cancellations reduced that number during the season.  The season champion was Cornelia Hütter of Austria, ending a string of three straight season triumphs by Sofia Goggia of Italy, who was injured just after the midpoint of the season but still finished third.

2023–24 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The 2023–24 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup, organised by the International Ski Federation (FIS) was the 58th World Cup season in alpine skiing for men and women.

The season started on 28 October 2023 in Sölden, Austria, and concluded on 24 March 2024 at the finals in Saalbach, Austria.

Marco Odermatt and Mikaela Shiffrin were the reigning overall champions from the last two seasons. Odermatt successfully defended the title, while Shiffrin finished the season in 3rd place. Lara Gut-Behrami won the women’s overall title for the second time in her career.

On 25 October, FIS prolonged the suspension of the Russian and Belarusian national team from competitions due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Ralph MacDonald
Ralph Anthony MacDonald (March 15, 1944 – December 18, 2011) was an American percussionist, steelpan virtuoso, songwriter, musical arranger, and record producer.

His compositions include "Where Is the Love", a Grammy Award winner for the duet of Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway; "Just the Two of Us", recorded by Bill Withers and Grover Washington Jr.; and "Mister Magic" recorded by Grover Washington Jr.

Grover Washington Jr.
Grover Washington Jr. (December 12, 1943 – December 17, 1999) was an American jazz-funk and soul-jazz saxophonist and Grammy Award winner. Along with Wes Montgomery and George Benson, he is considered by many to be one of the founders and legends of the smooth jazz genre.
He wrote some of his material and later became an arranger and producer.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Washington made some of the genre's most memorable hits, including "Mister Magic", "Reed Seed", "Black Frost", "Winelight", "Inner City Blues", "Let it Flow (For 'Dr. J')", and "The Best is Yet to Come".  In addition, he performed very frequently with other artists, including Bill Withers on "Just the Two of Us", Patti LaBelle on "The Best Is Yet to Come", and Phyllis Hyman on "A Sacred Kind of Love".
Miss World Panamá 2019
Miss World Panamá 2019 was the 7th Miss World Panamá pageant, held to select Panama's representative to the Miss World pageant. This was the first edition of the renewed Miss World Panama Pageant, after the Miss World organization awarded the license to event producer Edwin Dominguez who had been named the new director of the pageant in 2016.

Seventeen preliminary contestants were selected from all over Panama and competed for the crown. Señorita Panamá World 2018 Solaris De la Luna Barba Cañizales of Herrera crowned Agustina Ruíz of Herrera as her successor at the end of the event.

Agustina Ruíz Miss World Panamá 2019 was to compete in Miss World 2019 on December 14, 2019, at the ExCeL London in London, United Kingdom.

Señorita Panamá 2018
Señorita Panamá 2018 was the 52nd Señorita Panamá pageant, held at the Roberto Durán Arena in Panama City, on June 7, 2018.

Laura de Sanctis of Contadora crowned Rosa Montezuma of Comarcas as her successor at the end of the event. Montezuma represented Panama at the Miss Universe 2018 pageant, held in Bangkok, Thailand.
Baggy
Baggy is a British alternative dance genre popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and generally associated with the Northern UK's Madchester scene. The style saw alternative rock bands draw influence from psychedelia as well as dance music.

Alternative dance
Alternative dance (also known as indie dance or underground dance in the United States) is a musical genre that mixes alternative rock with electronic dance music. Although largely confined to the British Isles, it has gained worldwide exposure through acts such as New Order in the 1980s and the Prodigy in the 1990s.
Lakes District Health Board
The Lakes District Health Board (Lakes DHB) was a district health board that provided healthcare to the area covered by Taupō and Rotorua districts in New Zealand. In July 2022, the Lakes DHB was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand).

Taupō District
Taupō District is a territorial authority district in New Zealand. It covers 6,333 km² of land, and a further 610 km² of lake area, including Lake Taupō, New Zealand's largest lake, and Lake Rotoaira. The district stretches from the small town of Mangakino in the northwest to the Tongariro National Park in the south, and east into the Kaingaroa Forest. The district's population is largely located in the two main centres, Taupō and Tūrangi.
Savoyard–Waldensian wars
The Savoyard–Waldensian wars were a series of conflicts between the community of Waldensians (also known as Vaudois) and the Savoyard troops in the Duchy of Savoy from 1655 to 1690. The Piedmontese Easter in 1655 sparked the conflict. It was largely a period of persecution of the Waldensian Church, rather than a military conflict. Joshua Janavel (1617–1690) was one of the Waldensian military leaders against the Savoyard ducal troops.

Piedmontese Easter
The Piedmontese Easter (Italian: Pasque piemontesi, French: Pâques piémontaises or Pâques vaudoises) was a series of massacres of Waldensians (also known as Waldenses or Vaudois) by Savoyard troops in the Duchy of Savoy in 1655.
Burmese Gurkha
Burmese Gurkhas (Burmese: ဂေါ်ရခါးလူမျိုးများ; Nepali: गोरखाली) are a group of Nepali-speaking Burmese people of the Khas ethnic group living in Myanmar (formerly Burma). While the Gurkhas have lived in Burma for many centuries, it was during the British rule in Burma,  that the majority of the Gurkhas migrated from Nepal.

The estimated population of Gurkha is nearly 1 million. The majority of Gurkha now reside in Yangon (Rangoon), Mandalay, Pyin U Lwin, Mogok, Tamu, Kalaymyo, Taunggyi, Myitkyina and other parts of the country.

Gurkha
The Gurkhas or Gorkhas (/ˈɡɜːrkə, ˈɡʊər-/), with the endonym Gorkhali (Nepali: गोर्खाली [ɡoɾkʰaːliː]), are soldiers native to South Asia, chiefly residing within Nepal and some parts of North India.

The Gurkha units consist of Nepali and (in India) Indian Gorkha, Nepali-speaking Indian people. They are recruited for the Nepali Army (96,000), the Indian Army (42,000), the British Army (4,010), the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force, the Gurkha Reserve Unit of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces, and UN peacekeeping forces in war zones around the world. Ordinary citizens of the two demographic groups become a Gurkha by applying for, and passing, the selection and training process.

Gurkhas are closely associated with the khukuri, a forward-curving knife, and have a reputation for fearless military prowess. Former Indian Army Chief of Staff Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw once stated that:

"If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or he is a Gurkha."
Valentinite
Valentinite is an antimony oxide mineral with formula Sb2O3. Valentinite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and typically forms as radiating clusters of euhedral crystals or as fibrous masses. It is colorless to white with occasional shades or tints of yellow and red. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3 and a specific gravity of 5.76.  Valentinite occurs as a weathering product of stibnite and other antimony minerals. It is dimorphous with the isometric antimony oxide senarmontite.

Stibnite
Stibnite, sometimes called antimonite, is a  sulfide mineral, a  mineral form of antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3).  It is a soft, metallic grey crystalline solid with an orthorhombic space group. It is the most important source for the metalloid antimony. The name is derived from the Greek στίβι stibi through the Latin stibium as the former name for the mineral and the element antimony.
Inner North Coast Ranges
The Inner North Coast Ranges occur along the east slope of the outer Northern California Coast Ranges. The term inner is a reference to the greater distances of the mountain ranges from the Pacific Ocean, compared to the outer ranges that are nearer to that ocean, and often larger.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
2003 Minnesota Twins season
The 2003 Minnesota Twins season was the 43rd season for the Minnesota Twins franchise in the Twin Cities of Minnesota, their 22nd season at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome and the 103rd overall in the American League.

After winning the American League Central in 2002, the Twins were looking to repeat division titles for the first time since 1969 and 1970.  A spark for the team was the July trade of Bobby Kielty for Shannon Stewart.  Stewart provided a veteran presence at the top of the lineup that the team had previously lacked.  The team met its goal of reaching the playoffs, but once again fell short in the postseason.  The Twins lost in four games to the New York Yankees during the ALDS.  2003 would be the last year several key players played with the team.

2003 American League Division Series
The 2003 American League Division Series (ALDS), the opening round of the American League side in Major League Baseball’s (MLB) 2003 postseason, began on Tuesday, September 30, and ended on Monday, October 6, with the champions of the three AL divisions—along with a "wild card" team—participating in two best-of-five series. The teams were:

(1) New York Yankees (Eastern Division champion, 101–61) vs. (3) Minnesota Twins (Central Division champion, 90–72): Yankees win series, 3–1.

(2) Oakland Athletics (Western Division champion, 96–66) vs. (4) Boston Red Sox (Wild Card, 95–67): Red Sox win series, 3–2.

The Yankees defeated the Red Sox in the AL Championship Series, then lost the 2003 World Series to the National League champion Florida Marlins.
Religion in Thailand
Buddhism is the predominant religion in Thailand. It is practised by more than 90% of the total population and is deeply influenced by Hinduism, with most Siamese Thai people revering major Hindu deities in their day to day religious practices. The Thai Constitution does not indicate any state religion, but promotes Buddhism, while guaranteeing religious freedom for all Thai citizens. Ramakien (the Thai version of Ramayana) is recognised as the country's national epic.

Many other people, especially among the Isan ethnic group, practise Tai folk religions. A significant minority Muslim population, mostly constituted by Thai Malays, is present especially in the southern regions. According to an Ipsos survey, Christians might be a similarly significant religious minority population (4%). It's also reported that 1% prefer not to say and another 1% has no religion. Thai law officially recognizes five religions: Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Sikhism.

Tai folk religion
The Tai folk religion, Satsana Phi or Ban Phi, is the ancient native ethnic religion of the Tai people still practiced by various Tai groups. Tai folk religion was dominant among Tai people in Asia until the arrival of Hinduism and Buddhism. It is primarily based on worshipping deities called Phi, Khwan and Ancestors.
Sylvia Jones
Sylvia Jones E.C.O. MPP (born c. 1965) is a Canadian politician who has served as the deputy premier of Ontario and minister of health since June 24, 2022. Jones sits as the member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Dufferin—Caledon, representing the Progressive Conservative (PC) party, and has held her seat since she was first elected following the 2007 general election. She joined the provincial cabinet after the PCs formed government in 2018, and has been successively the minister of tourism, culture and sport, the minister of community safety and correctional services, and the solicitor general of Ontario.

Ministry of the Solicitor General
The Ministry of the Solicitor General (French: Ministère du Solliciteur général; formerly known as the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services) is the ministry in the Government of Ontario responsible for public security, law enforcement and policing, emergency management, correctional and detention centres/jails and organizations such as the Ontario Provincial Police, Emergency Management Ontario, and the Office of the Fire Marshal.

The minister responsible is Michael Kerzner, Solicitor General of Ontario.
Harold L. Ickes Homes
Harold L. Ickes Homes was a Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) public housing project on the Near South Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was bordered between Cermak Road to the north, 24th Place to the south, State Street to the east, and Federal Street to the west, making it part of the State Street Corridor that included other CHA properties: Robert Taylor Homes, Dearborn Homes, Stateway Gardens and Hilliard Homes.

Chicago Housing Authority
The Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) is a municipal corporation that oversees public housing within the city of Chicago. The agency's Board of Commissioners is appointed by the city's mayor, and has a budget independent from that of the city of Chicago. CHA is the largest rental landlord in Chicago, with more than 50,000 households. CHA owns over 21,000 apartments (9,200 units reserved for seniors and over 11,400 units in family and other housing types). It also oversees the administration of 37,000 Section 8 vouchers. The current interim CEO is Operating Chairman Matthew Brewer.
Melamine foam
Melamine foam is a foam-like material consisting of a melamine-formaldehyde condensate. It is the active component of a number of abrasive cleaner sponges, notably the Magic Eraser.

In 1984, BASF launched the first commercially produced melamine resin foam, Basotect, which was originally marketed as a flame-retardant solution for soundproofing and thermal insulation in construction.

Thermal insulation
Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer (i.e., the transfer of thermal energy between objects of differing temperature) between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials.

Heat flow is an inevitable consequence of contact between objects of different temperature. Thermal insulation provides a region of insulation in which thermal conduction is reduced, creating a thermal break or thermal barrier, or thermal radiation is reflected rather than absorbed by the lower-temperature body.

The insulating capability of a material is measured as the inverse of thermal conductivity (k). Low thermal conductivity is equivalent to high insulating capability (resistance value). In thermal engineering, other important properties of insulating materials are product density (ρ) and specific heat capacity (c).