hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Bassa massacre
The al-Bassa massacre was an incident that took place on September 6, 1938, in the Palestinian village of al-Bassa, during the Palestinian Revolt (1936–1939) against British rule. British forces carried out a violent attack, leading to significant casualties and the destruction of property in the village. The massacre exemplified the harsh tactics used by the British to suppress the Arab nationalist uprising in Mandatory Palestine and remains a prominent event in Palestinian historical memory.

Al-Bassa
al-Bassa (Arabic: البصة) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Mandatory Palestine's Acre Subdistrict. It was situated close to the Lebanese border, 19 kilometers (12 mi) north of the district capital, Acre, and 65 meters (213 ft) above sea level.

During the 1948 Palestine War the village was stormed by Haganah troops in May 1948 and almost completely razed. Its residents were either internally displaced or expelled to neighboring countries as part of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion. Today, the ruins of the village are in the northern quarters of the town of Shlomi.
HD 21749
HD 21749 is an orange main-sequence star in the constellation Reticulum. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 8.143, which means it is too dim to be seen with the naked eye. From parallax measurements by the Gaia spacecraft, it is located 53 ly (16 pc) from Earth.

In 2019, it was discovered that the star has two exoplanets: a possibly rocky, hot sub-Neptune-sized exoplanet named HD 21749 b; and an Earth-sized exoplanet named HD 21749 c. These exoplanets were discovered by the TESS spacecraft.

K-type main-sequence star
A K-type main-sequence star is a main-sequence (core hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type K. The spectral luminosity class is V. These stars are intermediate in size between red dwarfs and yellow dwarfs, hence the term orange dwarfs often applied to this type.
Firoz Khan Noon
Sir Malik Firoz Khan Noon (7 May 1893 – 9 December 1970) KCSI KCIE OStJ was a Pakistani politician who served as the seventh prime minister of Pakistan from December 1957 until being ousted in October 1958 when president Iskandar Ali Mirza imposed martial law and appointed Ayub Khan as the chief martial law administrator. He also served as the third chief minister of West Punjab from 1953 to 1955.

Trained as a barrister in England, Noon served as High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom before serving as a military adviser, over issues pertaining to the British Indian Army, to Prime Minister Winston Churchill's war ministry from the India Office.

Noon was one of the Founding Fathers of Pakistan who helped to negotiate and establish the Federation of Pakistan as a nation-state on 14 August 1947, resulting from the successful constitutional movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)
The chief minister of Punjab (Punjabi/Urdu: وزیرِ اعلیٰ پنجاب, romanized: Wazīr-ē-Aʿlā Panjāb) is the head of government of the Pakistani province of Punjab. Elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, the chief minister leads the executive branch of the government of Punjab along with their appointed cabinet, with the governor of Punjab serving as the nominal head of executive and province. The chief minister is elected by a majority in the Punjab Assembly, where they serve as leader of the House. The office is held by virtue of the officeholder's ability to command the confidence of the Assembly, with no term limits. Maryam Nawaz Sharif is the 19th and current chief minister of Punjab.

The office of Chief Minister is located in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab province and is known as the CM Secretariat.
Tackley railway station
Tackley railway station is on the Cherwell Valley Line in Oxfordshire, England, serving the village of Tackley and its surrounding area. Great Western Railway operates the station and all but one of the trains serving it. The exception is a weekday late night service to Banbury operated by Chiltern Railways.

Measured via Didcot Parkway the station is 72 miles 50 chains (116.9 km) from London Paddington.

Didcot Parkway railway station
Didcot Parkway is a railway station serving Didcot, a town in Oxfordshire, England. The station was opened as Didcot on 12 June 1844 and was renamed Didcot Parkway on 29 July 1985 by British Rail, to reflect its role as a park and ride railhead. It is 53 miles 10 chains (53.13 mi; 85.5 km) down the line from London Paddington and is situated between Cholsey to the east and Swindon to the west.

The station is a stop on local services operated by Great Western Railway between Reading and Oxford, and by main line services from Paddington to the south-west of England and south Wales.

Just to the north of the station is the Didcot Railway Centre, which is accessed through the station. The centre is a comprehensive exhibition of original Great Western Railway rolling stock, with demonstration running tracks and including a reconstructed station named Didcot Halt.
French Swimming Federation
The French Swimming Federation (French: Fédération française de natation, FFN) is the French water sports association. Founded in February 1919, it grouped the sports swimming clubs, open water swimming, synchronized swimming, diving and French water polo, which organizes the national competitions and the selection of French teams. In 2017, the Federation had 316,905 members.
The FFN is a member of the European Aquatics and the World Aquatics.
Since April 2017, the FFN is chaired by Gilles Sezionale.

European Aquatics
European Aquatics (formerly French: Ligue Européenne de Natation, English: European Swimming League, popularly known by its acronym LEN) is the European governing body for aquatic sports affiliated to World Aquatics — it is the Continental Association for Europe. It was formally organized in 1927 in Bologna, and since 2015 is headquartered in Nyon.

European Aquatics comprises 52 national swimming federations in Europe, and includes Israel which for Olympic-sport purposes is grouped with Europe. European Aquatics is overseen by an elected Bureau (board) composed of Members representing 17 different Federations. European Aquatics oversees aquatic sports in Europe: diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo.
Khuresh
Khuresh (Tuvan: Хүреш, romanized: Hüreš) is a traditional Tuvan wrestling, in Siberia. The word has cognates with Tuvan's sister Turkic languages, for example Turkish güreş and Tatar köräş (all ultimately derived from Old Turkic küresh).

Kurash
Köräş (also kuresh, koresh, küreş, güreş and similar variants) refers to a number of folk wrestling styles practiced in Central Asia.

Köräş wrestlers (Turkish: Güreş, Tatar: köräşçelär; Altay: кӱрешчилер, küreščiler) use towels to hold their opponents, and their goal is to throw their opponents off the feet. The wrestling is the main competition at the folk festival Sabantuy.

The sport is called گولش / ҝүләш / güləş in Azerbaijani, көрәш in Bashkir, кӗрешӳ in Chuvash, күрес / küres in Kazakh, күрөш / küröş in Kyrgyz, кӱреш / küreş in Shor, küreş / күреш / көрәш / kөrəş in Tatar, güreş in Turkish, göreş in Turkmen, and kurash in Uzbek, all derived from Old Turkic küreş.
Steve Turner (police commissioner)
Stephen Mark Turner (born October 1971) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as the Cleveland Police and Crime Commissioner from 2021 to 2024. He was elected on 13 May 2021, for the Conservative Party. He was replaced by Matthew Stephen Storey in May 2024.

Cleveland Police and Crime Commissioner
The Cleveland Police and Crime Commissioner is the police and crime commissioner (PCC), an elected official tasked with setting out the way crime is tackled by Cleveland Police in the area of the former county of Cleveland in England. The post was created in November 2012, following an election held on 15 November 2012, and replaced the Cleveland Police Authority. The incumbent PCC is Matt Storey, who was elected in May 2024. The Office of the Cleveland Police and Crime Commissioner currently employs 35 staff.
Tartu County
Tartu County (Estonian: Tartu maakond or Tartumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia.

It is located in eastern Estonia, and it borders Põlva County, Valga County, Viljandi County, and Jõgeva County.

The area of Tartu County is 2,992.74 km2 (1,155.50 sq mi), which covers 6.9% of the territory of Estonia. In 2022 Tartu County had a population of 157,758 – constituting 11.9% of the total population in Estonia. The city of Tartu is the centre of the county located at a distance of 186 km (116 mi) from Tallinn. Tartu County is divided into 8 local governments – 1 urban and 7 rural municipalities.

Counties of Estonia
The counties of Estonia (maakond) are the state administrative subdivisions of Estonia. Estonian territory is composed of 15 counties, including 13 on the mainland and 2 on islands. County governments (maavalitsus) were abolished at the end of 2017, with their duties split between state authorities and local governments, and nowadays counties have no noteworthy independent competences. Counties are composed of municipalities of two types: urban municipalities or towns (linn), and rural municipalities or parishes (vald), which are by law required to cooperate in development of their county.
Masyaf Castle
Masyaf Castle (Arabic: قلعة مصياف) is a medieval structure in the town of Masyaf in Hama Governorate, Syria, situated in the Orontes Valley, approximately 40 kilometres to the west of Hama. It served to protect the approach to other Ismaili castles in the Syrian Coastal Mountain Range (Jabal Ansariya) at a site controlling the trade routes to cities further inland such as Banyas. The castle itself stands on a platform about 20 metres above the surrounding plain. It became famous as the stronghold from which Rashid ad-Din Sinan, known as the Old Man of the Mountain, ruled from 1166 to 1193. He was a leader of the Syrian branch of the Shia Nizari Isma'ili sect, also known as the Assassins, and a figure in the history of the Crusades.

Rashid ad-Din Sinan
Rashid al-Din Sinan (Arabic: راشد الدين سنان Rāshid ad-Dīn Sinān; 1131/1135 – 1193) also known as the Old Man of the Mountain (Arabic: شيخ الجبل Sheikh al-Jabal; Latin: Vetulus de Montanis), was an Arab Muslim missionary (dāʿī) who served as the leader of the Nizari Ismaili state and the Order of Assassins from 1162 until his death in 1193. An adherent of Nizari Ismailism, a branch of Shia Islam, he was a prominent figure during the Crusades.
Giampaolo
Giampaolo or Gianpaolo is a masculine double name, composed of the Italian names Giovanni and Paolo. Giampaolo or Gianpaolo is an apocopated and blended form of the name Giovanni Paolo. Giampaolo is the equivalent form of the English double name John Paul.

The name Giampaolo is one of the most popular double names in the Italian language. It has also been spelled as Giovanni Paolo, Giovan Paolo, Gian Paolo, Gianni Paolo, among others.

Giovanni (name)
Giovanni is a male Italian given name (from Latin Ioannes). It is the Italian equivalent of the English name John. Giovanni is frequently contracted to Gianni, Gian, or Gio, particularly in the name Gianbattista, and can also be found as a surname. It is sometimes spelt as Geovanni, Giovonnie, Giovannie or Jiovanni; its female counterpart is Giovanna.
Acylindrically hyperbolic group
In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, an acylindrically hyperbolic group is a group admitting a non-elementary 'acylindrical' isometric action on some geodesic hyperbolic metric space. This notion generalizes the notions of a hyperbolic group and of a relatively hyperbolic group and includes a significantly wider class of examples, such as mapping class groups and Out(Fn).

Mapping class group
In mathematics, in the subfield of geometric topology, the mapping class group is an important algebraic invariant of a topological space.  Briefly, the mapping class group is a certain discrete group corresponding to symmetries of the space.
Leavenworth National Cemetery
Leavenworth National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Leavenworth, Kansas. It occupies 128.8 acres (52.1 ha) of land.  As of the end of 2005 it had 30,875 interments. It is sometimes locally referred to as "Old Soldiers' Home".

United States National Cemetery System
The United States National Cemetery System is a system of 164 military cemeteries in the United States and its territories. The authority to create military burial places came during the American Civil War, in an act passed by the U.S. Congress on July 17, 1862.  By the end of 1862, 12 national cemeteries had been established. Two of the nation's most iconic military cemeteries, Arlington National Cemetery which is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army, and Gettysburg National Cemetery, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, were established in 1864 and 1863, respectively.
Marshall Commons (Marshall University)
Marshall Commons is a collection of dormitories, as well as a dining facility, on the south-central campus of Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia, USA. Completed in the fall of 2003, Marshall Commons consists of Gibson, Wellman, Haymaker, and Willis Residence Halls, along with Harless Cafe. Each dormitory structure contains four single-occupancy bedrooms, two double-occupancy bedrooms, and four double-occupancy bedrooms. Harless Cafe is also home to a small fitness center.

Marshall Commons gained nationwide recognition as the first residence hall in the United States not to offer landline service to its students. Each resident was given one cellular telephone to use, and service coverage area was within the 48 states.

Marshall University
Marshall University is a public research university in Huntington, West Virginia, United States.  It was founded in 1837 and is named after John Marshall, the fourth chief justice of the United States. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Dave Williams (Colorado politician)
David Alan Williams (born July 20, 1986) is an American far-right politician from Colorado Springs, Colorado, who has served as the Chair of the Colorado Republican Party since 2023. He previously represented Colorado House of Representatives District 15 from 2017 to 2023, which encompassed Colorado Springs and Cimarron Hills in El Paso County.

Williams was a candidate for Colorado's 5th congressional district in the 2024 elections, running to replace the retiring Doug Lamborn. He lost the primary election to Republican Jeff Crank. Williams ran with the endorsement of former President Donald Trump.

Doug Lamborn
Douglas Lawrence Lamborn (born May 24, 1954) is an American attorney and politician who served as the U.S. representative for Colorado's 5th congressional district from 2007 to 2025. He is a member of the Republican Party. His district was based in Colorado Springs.

On January 5, 2024, Lamborn announced he would not seek reelection in 2024.
Drosera anglica
Drosera anglica, commonly known as the English sundew or great sundew, is a carnivorous flowering plant species belonging to the sundew family Droseraceae. It is a temperate species with a circumboreal range, although it does occur as far south as Japan, southern Europe, and the island of Kauai in Hawaii, where it grows as a tropical sundew. It is thought to originate from an amphidiploid hybrid of D. rotundifolia and D. linearis, meaning that a sterile hybrid between these two species doubled its chromosomes to produce fertile progeny which stabilized into the current D. anglica.

Drosera linearis
Drosera linearis, commonly called the slenderleaf sundew, is a sundew found in the Great Lakes region of North America, in Canada and the United States, such as Michigan, and in Montana. It is usually no more than four inches tall.
Immaterial and Missing Power
Touhou Suimusou ~ Immaterial and Missing Power. (Japanese: 東方萃夢想 ～ Immaterial and Missing Power.; lit. "Gathering Dreams in the East"), commonly abbreviated as IaMP in English speaking circles, is a versus fighting game collaboratively developed by Twilight Frontier and Team Shanghai Alice released in 2004. It is the first spinoff in the Touhou series, and it is numbered as the 7.5th installment as the game's events place between Perfect Cherry Blossom (seventh) and Imperishable Night (eighth), although it was released after Imperishable Night. After the success of Immaterial and Missing Power, the game was followed up with Scarlet Weather Rhapsody in 2008, the first of several Touhou fighting game sequels.

Perfect Cherry Blossom
Touhou Youyoumu ~ Perfect Cherry Blossom (Japanese: 東方妖々夢 〜 Perfect Cherry Blossom; lit. "Bewitching Eastern Dream") is a 2003 vertically scrolling shooter bullet hell video game developed by Team Shanghai Alice. It is the seventh game in the Touhou Project series. Playable characters include returning protagonists Reimu Hakurei and Marisa Kirisame, with Sakuya Izayoi featuring in her first playable appearance. The story centers around the chosen heroine traveling to Gensokyo's Netherworld to stop Gensokyo from being stuck in an eternal state of winter when spring fails to arrive.

The full game was first released on August 17, 2003, at Comiket 64. The game introduces many gameplay changes over its predecessor Embodiment of Scarlet Devil, many of which would become staples of subsequent Touhou Project entries, including the ability to visualise the player's own hitbox.
Dendromaia
Dendromaia is an extinct genus of varanopid from the Carboniferous of Nova Scotia. It contains a single species, Dendromaia unamakiensis. Dendromaia is the oldest known varanopid and the only one found in Nova Scotia. Known from a large partial skeleton preserved with its tail wrapped around a much smaller partial skeleton, Dendromaia may also represent the oldest known occurrence of parental care in the fossil record. While the larger skeleton possessed certain mycterosaurine-like features, the smaller skeleton resembled basal varanopids such as Archaeovenator and Pyozia, creating uncertainty over whether characteristics at the base of Varanopidae have legitimate phylogenetic significance or instead reflect the immaturity of basal varanopid specimens.

Pyozia
Pyozia is an extinct genus of basal Middle Permian varanopid synapsids known from Russia. It was first named by Jason S. Anderson and Robert R. Reisz in 2004 and the type species is Pyozia mesenensis. Pyozia mesenensis is known from the holotype  PIN 3717/33, a three-dimensionally preserved partial skeleton including a nearly complete skull. It was collected from the Krasnoschelsk Formation, dating to the Capitanian stage of the Guadalupian epoch, about 264.28-263 million years ago.

The cladogram below is modified after Anderson and Reisz, 2004.
Arkansas Highway 356
Highway 356 (AR 356, Hwy. 356) is an east–west state highway in north-central Arkansas. The route of 11.65 miles (18.75 km) runs from AR 92 near Bee Branch east to AR 25/AR 124 in Quitman. The route was created in 1957 and extended in 1960. It is maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).

Arkansas Highway 92
Highway 92 (AR 92 and Hwy. 92) is an east–west state highway in north-central Arkansas. The route of 60.7 miles (97.7 km) runs from US Highway 64 (US 64) in Plumerville to AR 5/AR 25 at Drasco. The route is maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT).
Tak to leciało!
Tak to leciało! (translating to It was sung this way! or That’s the way it was sung!) is the Polish version of the Don't Forget the Lyrics! franchise. The show debuted on March 9, 2008 on TVP2. Maciej Miecznikowski served as the host during the original run; the revival series was hosted primarily by Sławomir Zapała and Magdalena “Kajra” Kajrowicz as his assistant, but they were later replaced by Kacper Kuszewski. The grand prize on the show is PLN 100,000 (formerly PLN 150,000).

Don't Forget the Lyrics!
Don't Forget the Lyrics! is an international music game show. The original American show aired on Fox from July 11, 2007, to June 19, 2009, and after a year off the air, a third overall season, and first as a syndicated show, began on June 15, 2010, in daytime syndication and in primetime on VH1 and in primetime on MyNetworkTV on October 5, 2010. On March 24, 2011, the show was canceled. A new primetime version, hosted by Niecy Nash, debuted on FOX on May 23, 2022. The show has spun off to numerous countries outside America using different top prize or game format.

The primary difference between Don't Forget the Lyrics! and other music-based game shows is that artistic talent (such as the ability to sing or dance in an aesthetically pleasing way) is irrelevant to the contestants' chances of winning. In the words of one of their commercials prior to the first airing, "You don't have to sing it well; you just have to sing it right".
Vanguard 1
Vanguard 1 (Harvard designation: 1958-Beta 2, COSPAR ID: 1958-002B) is an American satellite that was the fourth artificial Earth-orbiting satellite to be successfully launched, following Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, and Explorer 1. It was launched 17 March 1958. Vanguard 1 was the first satellite to have solar electric power. Although communications with the satellite were lost in 1964, it remains the oldest artificial object still in orbit, together with the upper stage of its launch vehicle.

Vanguard 1 was designed to test the launch capabilities of a three-stage launch vehicle as a part of Project Vanguard, and the effects of the space environment on a satellite and its systems in Earth orbit. It also was used to obtain geodetic measurements through orbit analysis. Vanguard 1, being small and light enough to carry with one hand, was described by the Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, as "the grapefruit satellite".

Explorer 1
Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the United States in 1958 and was part of the U.S. participation in the International Geophysical Year (IGY). The mission followed the first two satellites, both launched by the Soviet Union during the previous year, Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2. This began a Space Race during the Cold War between the two nations.

Explorer 1 was launched on 1 February 1958 at 03:47:56 GMT (or 31 January 1958 at 22:47:56 Eastern Time) atop the first Juno I booster from LC-26A at the Cape Canaveral Missile Test Center of the Atlantic Missile Range (AMR), in Florida. It was the first spacecraft to detect the Van Allen radiation belt, returning data until its batteries were exhausted after nearly four months. It remained in orbit until 1970.

Explorer 1 was given Satellite Catalog Number 00004 and the Harvard designation 1958 Alpha 1, the forerunner to the modern International Designator.