hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Camille Armand Jules Marie, Prince de Polignac
Prince Camille Armand Jules Marie de Polignac (February 16, 1832 – November 15, 1913) was a French nobleman who served with the Confederates in the American Civil War, living on to become the last surviving Confederate major-general.

After service in the French army in the Crimea, Polignac was travelling in America at the outbreak of war, when he sided with the South. He distinguished himself as a brigadier in the Red River Campaign, notably at the Battle of Mansfield, after which he was promoted to the rank of divisional commander. Polignac was affectionately known by his troops, unable to decipher how to pronounce his name, as "Prince Polecat". which he apparently found amusing.

Returning to France, he commanded a division in the Franco-Prussian War, before devoting himself to the study of mathematics and music.

Battle of Mansfield
The Battle of Mansfield, also known as the Battle of Sabine Crossroads, on April 8, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capital, Shreveport.

The Confederate commander, Major-General Dick Taylor, chose Mansfield as the place where he would make his stand against the advancing Union army under General Nathaniel Banks. Taylor concentrated his forces at Sabine Crossroads, knowing that reinforcements were nearby. Banks prepared for a fight, though his own army was not fully assembled either. Both sides were reinforced by stages throughout the day.

After a brief resistance, the Union army was routed by the Confederates, consisting mainly of units from Louisiana and Texas, reportedly strengthened by hundreds of men breaking parole. The Battle of Mansfield was followed immediately by the Battle of Pleasant Hill.
Will Shortz
William F. Shortz (born August 26, 1952) is an American cruciverbalist and editor of The New York Times crossword. He graduated from Indiana University with a degree in the invented field of enigmatology. After starting his career at Penny Press and Games magazine, he was hired by The New York Times in 1993.

Shortz's American Crossword Puzzle Tournament is the country's oldest and largest crossword tournament.

Penny Publications
Penny Publications, LLC is an American magazine publisher specializing in puzzles, crosswords, sudokus as well as mystery and science fiction magazines. Penny Publications publishes over 85 magazines  distributed through newsstands, in stores, and by subscription in the United States and Canada. Penny Publications' headquarters are in Norwalk, Connecticut, and their printing office is located in Loudon, New Hampshire.
Great Lakes Central Railroad
The Great Lakes Central Railroad (reporting mark GLC) is an American regional railroad operating in the state of Michigan. It was originally called the Tuscola and Saginaw Bay Railway (reporting mark TSBY), which was formed on August 26, 1977, to operate over former Penn Central lines from Millington to Munger, and from Vassar to Colling. TSBY's name was derived from the three counties it operated in: Tuscola, Saginaw and Bay.

Millington, Michigan
Millington is a village in Tuscola County, Michigan, United States. As of the 2020 census, Millington had a population of 1,028. The village is located within Millington Township.

Millington and the surrounding area is known as a "bedroom community" of both Saginaw and Flint.  Primary employment is manufacturing-related and agricultural.
Anastasia Klose
Anastasia Klose (born 1978) is an Australian contemporary artist. Her work has received much attention in the art world due to the personal nature of her subject matter, often putting herself in humiliating situations. She is a graduate of both the Victorian College of the Arts (VCA) and the University of Melbourne. She is also the daughter of artist and academic, Elizabeth Presa.

Victorian College of the Arts
The Victorian College of the Arts (VCA) is the arts school at the University of Melbourne in Australia. It is part of the university's Faculty of Fine Arts and Music (FFAM). It is located near the Melbourne city centre on the Southbank campus of the university. The VCA Film and Television School was founded in 1991, after it assumed ownership and management of the Swinburne Film and Television School.

Courses and training offered at the VCA cover seventeen discipline areas: acting and theatre, composition, creative arts and music therapy, dance, design and production, ethnomusicology, film and television, Indigenous arts and culture, interactive composition, jazz and improvisation, music performance, music psychology, music theatre, musicology, performance teaching, visual art, and writing. The VCA is also home to the Wilin Centre for Indigenous Arts and Cultural Development.

The library on the Southbank campus is known as the Lenton Parr Music, Visual and Performing Arts Library.
Pull-through procedure
A pull-through procedure is the definitive operation for Hirschsprung disease, involving the removal of the abnormal segment of bowel that has no nerves, pulling through the normal bowel and connecting it to the anus. Several types of pull-through procedures exist including the Soave, Swenson and Duhamel. It can be performed using an open or minimally invasive approach.

Anastomosis
An anastomosis (/əˌnæstəˈmoʊsɪs/, pl.: anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be normal (such as the foramen ovale in a fetus' heart) or abnormal (such as the patent foramen ovale in an adult's heart); it may be acquired (such as an arteriovenous fistula) or innate (such as the arteriovenous shunt of a metarteriole); and it may be natural (such as the aforementioned examples) or artificial (such as a surgical anastomosis). The reestablishment of an anastomosis that had become blocked is called a reanastomosis. Anastomoses that are abnormal, whether congenital or acquired, are often called fistulas.

The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology, cybernetics, as well as geology, and geography.
Fibroblast growth factor and mesoderm formation
This article is about the role of fibroblast growth factor signaling in mesoderm formation.

Mesoderm formation is a complex developmental process involving an intricate network of signaling pathways that coordinate their activities to ensure that a selective group of cells will eventually give rise to mesodermal tissues in the adult organism. Fibroblast growth factor contributes to this process not only by promoting mesoderm formation, but also by inhibiting endodermal development.

Endoderm
Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer). Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.

The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.

In plant biology, endoderm corresponds to the innermost part of the cortex (bark) in young shoots and young roots often consisting of a single cell layer. As the plant becomes older, more endoderm will lignify.
Jamal Shuler
Jamal Shuler (born January 11, 1986) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) before playing professionally in Germany, France, Ukraine and Israel. Shuler was named EuroChallenge Final Four MVP in 2015.

FIBA EuroChallenge Final Four MVP
The FIBA EuroChallenge Final Four MVP, or FIBA EuroChallenge Finals MVP, was the most valuable player award that was presented to the basketball player who most exhibited exceptional play during the FIBA EuroChallenge's Final Four stage, which was the final stage of Europe's former third-tier level European-wide professional club basketball tournament.
L.G. Balfour Company
Balfour is an American producer of high school, college, military, and championship rings, as well as yearbooks, caps and gowns, and graduation announcements. Founded in 1913 as the L. G. Balfour Company, Balfour is an operating unit of Commemorative Brands, Inc., a subsidiary of American Achievement Corporation.

Class ring
In the United States,
Canada and other countries, a class ring (also known as a graduation, graduate, senior, or grad ring) is a ring worn by students and alumni to commemorate their final academic year and/or graduation, generally for a high school, college, university and organization.
Today class rings can be customized, from the material and style that the ring is made of to the color and cut of the gem in the center or no gems.There is a wide selection of emblems, pictures, and words that can be added to the sides of the rings and even inside the center gem.
Beth Clark
Elizabeth Clark (born 26 May 1972) is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Clark made a single appearance for Football Ferns in a 1–1 draw with Papua New Guinea on 7 November 1996.

New Zealand women's national football team
The New Zealand women's national football team represents New Zealand in international football competitions, and is governed by New Zealand Football (NZF). They are nicknamed the Football Ferns.

The New Zealand national team has taken part in the FIFA Women's World Cup six times, making their debut in 1991. New Zealand co-hosted the 2023 World Cup alongside Australia. They have failed to go past the group stage in all occasions.
Wenceslao Padilla
Wenceslao Selga Padilla (29 September 1949 – 25 September 2018) was a Filipino Scheut priest who from 2 August 2003 was the Apostolic prefect of the Apostolic Prefecture of Ulaanbaatar, a pre-diocesan missionary jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church in Mongolia.

CICM Missionaries
The CICM Missionaries, officially known as the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Latin: Congregatio Immaculati Cordis Mariae) and often abbreviated as C.I.C.M, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men established in 1862 by the Belgian Catholic priest Theophile Verbist (1823–1868). Its members add the post-nominal letters C.I.C.M. to their names to indicate membership in the congregation.

The order's origins lie in Scheut, a suburb of Brussels, due to which it is widely known as the Scheut Missionaries. The congregation is most notable for their international missionary works in China, Mongolia, the Philippines, and in the Congo Free State/Belgian Congo (modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo).

Presently, their international name "CICM Missionaries" is preferred, although, in the United States, the congregation is mostly known as Missionhurst.
Roger Palmgren
Roger Lennart Palmgren is a Swedish football manager.

He has been active as a club manager in nine countries: Italy, Sweden, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, South Africa, Namibia and China. He has been coach of the national football teams of Sierra Leone, Rwanda and Namibia.

Namibia national football team
The Namibia national football team represents Namibia in men's international football and is controlled by the Namibia Football Association. They have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have made four appearances in the Africa Cup of Nations. The team represents both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
August Wittgenstein
Prince August Fredrik zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (German: August Fredrik Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg), known professionally as August Wittgenstein, (born 22 January 1981) is a German-Swedish actor and member of the princely House of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg. Wittgenstein has appeared in English, German, and Swedish language films, starring in the 2013 German television movie Open Desert. He is known for his portrayals of Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse in The Crown and Count Alfred Eckbrecht von Dürckheim-Montmartin in Ludwig II as well as his roles as Karl Tennstedt in Das Boot and Andreas Wolf in Deadwind.

Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg was one of several imperial counties and later principalities ruled by the House of Sayn-Wittgenstein.

Most of the former county is located in the present district of Siegen-Wittgenstein (in the modern state of North Rhine-Westphalia), Germany. The residence was the town and palace in Berleburg (now Bad Berleburg).
Gmina Żegocina
Gmina Żegocina is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bochnia County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Żegocina, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) south of Bochnia and 46 km (29 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 35.23 square kilometres (13.6 sq mi), and as of 31 December 2008 its total population was 5069.

Bochnia
Bochnia [ˈbɔxɲa] ⓘ is a town on the river Raba in southern Poland, administrative seat of Bochnia County in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Bochnia is most noted for its salt mine, the oldest functioning in Europe, built in the 13th century, a World Heritage Site and a Historic Monument of Poland.

As of December 2021, Bochnia has a population of 29,317 and an area of 29.87 square kilometres (11.53 sq mi).
Peter Lundy and the Medicine Hat Stallion
Peter Lundy and the Medicine Hat Stallion is a made-for-TV movie starring Leif Garrett, Milo O'Shea, Bibi Besch, John Quade, and Ann Doran which aired November 6, 1977, on NBC. Brad Rearden,  Mitchell Ryan, John Anderson, Charles Tyner, Ned Romero, Jimmy Lydon, Phil Mead, Bill Hicks, and Robert Tzudiker have supporting roles.

The film is based on the novel San Domingo, The Medicine Hat Stallion by Newbery Medal award winner Marguerite Henry. The movie was developed and produced by Ed Friendly and directed by Michael O'Herlihy from a teleplay by Jack Turley.  In 1978 Peter Lundy was awarded the Bronze Wrangler for Outstanding Western Fictional Television Program by the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.

Western Heritage Awards
The Western Heritage Award, also known as the The Bronze Wrangler, is an award presented annually by the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum to honor the top works in music, film, television, and literature that put forward a vision of the American West.

The Western Heritage Awards were first presented in 1961. Many works are in the Western genre. The Wrangler is a bronze sculpture of a cattle wrangler on horseback, and is designed by artist John Free.

The awards program also recognizes inductees into the prestigious Hall of Great Westerners and the Hall of Great Western Performers as well as the recipient of the Chester A. Reynolds Memorial Award, named in honor of the Museum's founder.
Population Me
Population Me is the 13th studio album by Dwight Yoakam. It was released in June 2003 via the Audium Records label. The album spawned two singles, "The Back of Your Hand" and "The Late Great Golden State".

MNRK Music Group
MNRK Music Group (pronounced "monarch"), formerly known as Koch Records and Entertainment One (eOne) Music, is an American independent record label and music management company based in New York City. It was formed in 1987 as a music division of Koch Entertainment, which was acquired by and absorbed into Entertainment One (or eOne for short) in 2004. eOne was acquired by toy and multimedia company Hasbro in 2019, absorbed its family brands division in the process and announced the sale of this division to the Blackstone Group in April 2021, which then adopted this name. Hasbro then sold the remains of eOne to Lionsgate, who then rebranded it initially as eOne Canada and then Lionsgate Canada.

MNRK owns the libraries of Artemis Records, Dualtone Records, Last Gang Records and Prosthetic Records.
Christopher Bochmann
Christopher Consitt Bochmann OBE ComIH (born November 8, 1950) is a British-born composer, conductor, music teacher, arranger and orchestrator who has lived and worked in Portugal since 1980. Known for composition, teaching and conducting, he is Professor Emeritus of the University of Évora in Portugal, from which he retired in 2020.

Order of Prince Henry
The Order of Prince Henry (Portuguese: Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique) is a Portuguese order of knighthood created on 2 June 1960, to commemorate the quincentenary of the death of the Portuguese infante Prince Henry the Navigator, one of the main initiators of the Age of Discovery. Minor reforms of the constitution of the Order occurred in 1962 and 1980.

It is a five-tier order, whose titles are awarded for relevant services to Portugal and for services in the expansion of the Portuguese culture, its history and its values (with a particular focus on its maritime history). The number of members in each grade is restricted by its constitution, and titles are conferred by special decree by the Grand Master of the Order, i.e., the President of Portugal.
2000 Cook County, Illinois, elections
The Cook County, Illinois, general election was held on November 7, 2002.

Primaries were held March 21, 2000.

Elections were held for Clerk of the Circuit Court, Recorder of Deeds, State's Attorney, four seats on the Water Reclamation District Board, and judgeships on the Circuit Court of Cook County.

Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County
The Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County is the clerk of Circuit Court of Cook County, located in Cook County, Illinois. The office plays a critical role in maintaining court records and facilitating judicial operations for the nation's largest unified court system, handling millions of cases annually.
Prem Shankar Jha
Prem Shankar Jha (born 22 December 1938) is an Indian economist, journalist and writer. He has served in the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank and as the information advisor to the Prime Minister of India. As a journalist, he held editorial positions at Hindustan Times, The Times of India, The Economic Times and The Financial Express. He is currently the managing editor of Financial World, the business daily from Tehelka and a senior journalist. Jha is the author of a dozen books including Kashmir 1947: Rival Versions of History and Crouching Dragon, Hidden Tiger: Can China and India Dominate the West?. He is also the patron of Muslim Mirror.

The Financial Express (India)
The Financial Express is an Indian English-language business newspaper owned by The Indian Express Group. It has been published by the Indian Express group since 1961. The Financial Express specialises in Indian and international business and financial news. Its editor is Shyamal Majumdar.

The paper publishes 11 editions from a number of Indian cities. It also gives out two noteworthy awards - FE India's Best Bank Awards and FE-EVI Green Business Leadership Awards.
Valanchery
Valanchery is a major municipal town in Malappuram district, Kerala, India. It is situated about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast to Karipur International Airport and 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwards to the district headquarters, and forms a part of Malappuram metropolitan area. It is also one of the major commercial towns under the Malappuram urban agglomeration.National Highway 66, from to Panvel to Kanyakumari, passes through valancheryMunicipality. Valanchery, which was a part of the erstwhile princely state of the Valluvanad in the early medieval period, had been under the direct control of the Zamorin of Calicut following the Tirunavaya war of 14th century CE. During British Raj, Valanchery was included in the Ponnani Taluk of erstwhile Malabar District.

Zamorin
The Samoothiri (Anglicised as Zamorin; Malayalam: sāmūtiri, sāmūri, [saːmuː(d̪i)ɾi,], Arabic: sāmuri, Portuguese: Samorim, Dutch: Samorijn, Chinese: Shamitihsi) was the title of the erstwhile ruler and monarch of the Calicut kingdom in the South Malabar region of India. Originating from the former feudal kingdom of Nediyiruppu Swaroopam, the Samoothiris and their vassal kings from Nilambur Kovilakam established Calicut as one of the most important trading ports on the southwest coast of India. At the peak of their reign, they ruled over a region extending from Kozhikode Kollam to the forested borders of Panthalayini Kollam (Koyilandy). The Samoothiris belonged to the Eradi subcaste of the Samantan community of colonial Kerala, and were originally the ruling chiefs of Eranad. The final Zamorin of Calicut committed suicide by setting fire to his palace and burning himself alive inside it, upon learning that Hyder Ali had captured the neighboring country of Chirakkal in Kannur.
Ana Monterroso de Lavalleja
Ana Micaela Monterroso de Lavalleja (3 September 1791 – 28 March 1858) was a Uruguayan woman, the wife of Juan Antonio Lavalleja, who traveled with him and participated in the politics of the world around her. Whether or not Lavalleja was present in the household, Monterroso ran the family's affairs and would actively aid the resistance to the Portuguese and the government of Fructuoso Rivera. She and Lavalleja had ten children, some of whom died young. She, along with Melchora Cuenca and Cayetana Leguizamón, represent the involvement of women in the early history of modern Uruguay.

Fructuoso Rivera
José Fructuoso Rivera y Toscana (17 October 1784 – 13 January 1854) was a Uruguayan general and patriot who fought for the liberation of Banda Oriental from Brazilian rule, thrice served as President of Uruguay and was one of the instigators of the long Uruguayan Civil War. He is also considered to be the founder of the Colorado Party, which ruled Uruguay without interruption from 1865 until 1958. He made a controversial decision to almost completely eliminate the native Charrúa during the 1831 Massacre of Salsipuedes.
Richmond K. Turner
Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner (May 27, 1885 – February 12, 1961), commonly known as Kelly Turner, was an admiral of the United States Navy during the Second World War, where he commanded the Amphibious Force in the Pacific theater. Turner was also responsible for the creation of the Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT) in 1942 that were an early precursor to the United States Navy SEALs.

United States Pacific Fleet
The United States Pacific Fleet (USPACFLT) is a theater-level component command of the United States Navy, located in the Pacific Ocean. It provides naval forces to the Indo-Pacific Command. Fleet headquarters is at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, Hawaii, with large secondary facilities at Naval Air Station North Island, California.
Pyrota fasciata
Pyrota fasciata is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

It measures between 10 and 21 mm, although most specimens have a length below 15 mm. It is identifiable thanks to its uniform background shell color, which differs from other species such as Pyrota punctata, which has a 2-toned shell background.

Blister beetle
Blister beetles are beetles of the family Meloidae, so called for their defensive secretion of a blistering agent, cantharidin. About 2,500 species are known worldwide. Many are conspicuous and some are aposematically colored, announcing their toxicity to would-be predators.