hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Levi-Civita connection
In Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian geometry (in particular the Lorentzian geometry of general relativity), the Levi-Civita connection is the unique affine connection on the tangent bundle of a manifold that preserves the (pseudo-)Riemannian metric and is torsion-free. The fundamental theorem of Riemannian geometry states that there is a unique connection that satisfies these properties.

The connection formalizes and generalizes the "rolling without slipping or twisting" method of transporting tangent planes of a smooth surface embedded in  (or generally, any Riemannian manifold, by the Nash embedding theorems).

The covariant derivative is defined given any affine connection. In the theory of Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, the "covariant derivative" by default refers to the one defined using the Levi-Civita connection. The components (structure coefficients) of this connection with respect to a system of local coordinates are called Christoffel symbols.

Tullio Levi-Civita
Tullio Levi-Civita, ForMemRS (English: /ˈtʊlioʊ ˈlɛvi ˈtʃɪvɪtə/; Italian: [ˈtulljo ˈlɛːvi ˈtʃiːvita]; 29 March 1873 – 29 December 1941) was an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus (tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity, but who also made significant contributions in other areas. He was a pupil of Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, the inventor of tensor calculus. His work included foundational papers in both pure and applied mathematics, celestial mechanics (notably on the three-body problem), analytic mechanics (the Levi-Civita separability conditions in the Hamilton–Jacobi equation) and hydrodynamics.
Everybody Loves Sausages
Everybody Loves Sausages is an album of cover songs by the Melvins, released on April 30, 2013. Like The Crybaby, it features guests on most of the tracks. It features the Melvins Lite on three tracks.

Three of the tracks had been previously released in splits. Black Betty previously appeared on a split 7-inch with the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion covering the same track. Female Trouble and Carpe Diem are featured on a split 12-inch with Redd Kross. A nine-part 7-inch Tribute series was released through Amphetamine Reptile Records between 2013 and 2015. Featuring ten songs from the album, seven of them featured bonus cover songs of each respective band.

Melvins
Melvins (sometimes The Melvins) are an American rock band formed in 1983 in Montesano, Washington. Their early work was key to the development of both grunge and sludge metal. Primarily a trio, they have also performed as a quartet, with either two drummers or two bassists. Since 1984, vocalist and guitarist Buzz Osborne and drummer Dale Crover have been constant members.
Gerry James
Edwin Fitzgerald James (October 22, 1934 – February 13, 2024) was a Canadian professional football and ice hockey player. He played as a running back for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL) between 1952 and 1964 and as a right winger for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1955 and 1960. He is a member of the Canadian Football Hall of Fame, like his father, Eddie James, who also played for the Blue Bombers. James was born in Regina, Saskatchewan.

In a period overlapping the 1959 CFL season and 1959–60 NHL season, James became the only player to play in the CFL's Grey Cup (November 28, 1959 – won cup) and the NHL's Stanley Cup Finals (first game April 9, 1960 – lost cup) in the same season.

1955 Memorial Cup
The 1955 Memorial Cup final was the 37th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Toronto Marlboros of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Regina Pats of the Western Canada Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at Regina Exhibition Stadium in Regina, Saskatchewan, Toronto won their 2nd Memorial Cup, and first since 1929 by defeating Regina 4 games to 1.
Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory
Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) is a scientific project initiated at the end of August 2016 by Polish scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kraków (researchers from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary also joined the project) whose purpose is the detection of cosmic rays and the search for dark matter. Its aim is to involve as many people as possible in the construction of a global system of cosmic ray detectors, from which it will be possible to examine the essence of dark matter. Having a camera and a GPS module, a smartphone works well as a detector of particles from space.

Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences
The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences is a research center in the field of nuclear physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, located in Kraków. It was founded in 1955 by Henryk Niewodniczański. In 1988 the institute was named after Niewodniczański. The co-founder of the Institute was Marian Mięsowicz. The institute conducts research in four main areas:

Astrophysics and particle physics,

Nuclear physics and strong interactions,

Condensed matter (including nano-materials),

Interdisciplinary and applied research, which involves applications of physics in medicine, biology, dosimetry, environmental protection, nuclear geophysics, radiochemistry, high-temperature plasma diagnostics, the study of complex systems, such as the human brain, econophysics or linguistics.
Jack Mitchell (drummer)
Jack Edward Mitchell (born 28 April 1981) is a British drummer.  Part of Johnny Marr's band since 2012, he has previously played with Mutineers, Haven, Marion, Tailgunner and Bad Lieutenant.

Mitchell was in both Haven and Mutineers with current Johnny Marr bandmate Iwan Gronow.

Haven (band)
Haven were a Cornish indie rock band formed in 1996. The band consisted of singer Gary Briggs, guitarist Nathan Wason, bassist Iwan Gronow and drummer Jack Mitchell. Originally called Blew, their new name was taken from a local Haven Holidays resort.
Green Block
Green Block, also known as the Smith Frye Building, is a historic commercial building located in Elkhart, Indiana.  It was built in 1895, and is a two-story, eclectic Italianate style brick commercial building.  It features projecting pressed metal bays above each storefront and at the corners and arched second story openings with balconies.: 2

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is located in the Elkhart Downtown Commercial Historic District.

Elkhart, Indiana
Elkhart (/ˈɛlkɑːrt/ EL-kart) is a city in Elkhart County, Indiana, United States. The population was 53,923 at the 2020 census. The city is located 15 miles (24 km) east of South Bend, Indiana. It is the most populous city in the  Elkhart–Goshen metropolitan area, which in turn is part of the South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka combined statistical area, in a region commonly known as Michiana.
Apartment Eight
Apartment Eight is a 1987 Lower East Side comedy short film by director Matthew Harrison, which won Best Comedy at the 1988 New York Film Festival Downtown and the Mystic Fire Independent Film Award at the 1989 Ann Arbor Film Festival.

Rave-Ups singer Michael Kaniecki (who also wrote the score) and theater director Bob McGrath play former roommates Todd and Martin who, in the early 1980s, briefly led overlapping lives in Apartment Eight. Shot on S8mm film in monthly installments over a one-year period, most of the scenes in Apartment Eight were done as single takes in a cramped Clinton street tenement kitchen, as Todd and Martin re-enact some of the episodes of their downwardly mobile, girlfriend-sharing past. The title theme for the film, credited to Michael Kaniecki & the RSO, was performed by Su Bachemin, George Carter, Michael Kaniecki, and Brian Kaup.

New York Film Festival Downtown
New York Film Festival Downtown was a New York-based film festival founded by Tessa Hughes-Freeland and Ela Troyano in 1984. With independent and "positively avante-garde" programming, it came to prominence in the East Village art scene and ran for five years, ending in 1988.
Snake Hill Wildlife Management Area
The Snake Hill Wildlife Management Area is a hill area covering 3,092 acres (1,251 ha) along the Cheat canyon (78.3-mile-long) in Monongalia and Preston Counties, West Virginia. The wildlife management area mostly lies directly south of Coopers Rock State Forest, protecting the southern side of Cheat Canyon. The canyon has been the object of controversy as environmental activists contended with timber and development interests over the years of its preservation status.

Preston County, West Virginia
Preston County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 34,216. Its county seat is Kingwood. The county was formed from Monongalia County in 1818 and named for Virginia Governor James Patton Preston.

Preston County is part of the Morgantown, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is the southernmost county of the Pittsburgh media market. It is the home of The Buckwheat Festival, a county fair known for making buckwheat pancakes.
223's
"223's" is a song by American rapper YNW Melly featuring fellow American rapper 9lokkNine, released as the lead single from the former's debut studio album Melly vs. Melvin on August 9, 2019. Written by the artists alongside Rocco Did It Again!, who produced it with the latter, it reached the top 40 of the US Billboard Hot 100, as well as in New Zealand, Canada, and Latvia.

Melly vs. Melvin
Melly vs. Melvin is the debut studio album by American rapper YNW Melly. It released on November 22, 2019, by 300 Entertainment and Atlantic Records. It includes the lead single "223's" featuring 9lokkNine, released on August 9, 2019. "Suicidal" received a remix, featuring late American rapper Juice Wrld, on March 13, 2020, making it the second single of the album.
Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
Jaramogi Ajuma Oginga Odinga (October 1911 – 20 January 1994) was a Kenyan politician who became a prominent figure in Kenya's struggle for independence. He served as the Kenya's first vice-president, and thereafter as an opposition leader. Jaramogi’s son Raila Odinga (1945–2025) was the second Prime Minister of Kenya, and his other son, Oburu Odinga, is a former assistant minister in the Ministry of Finance.

Jaramogi is credited with the phrase "Not Yet Uhuru" which is the title of his autobiography published in 1967. Uhuru means "freedom" in Swahili and he was referencing his belief that even after independence from British colonialism, the brutal oppression of opposition in political affairs in Kenya, meant that the country had still not attained real freedom. For example, Jaramogi's son, Hon Raila Odinga also spent eight years in detention, although he later served as prime minister.

Maseno School
Maseno School, located in Kisumu County in Kenya, is one of the oldest formal education schools in the country.

The school's location, some 25 kilometres from Kisumu city, is the subject of a years-long conflict between the neighbouring Luo and Banyore communities of Kisumu Rural constituency in Kisumu county and Emuhaya constituency in Vihiga county with each claiming not just the school but the nearby university and trading centre.

The Equator passes right through the school, acting as a divider between some classes and dormitories. A popular saying among students and alumni is that of "sleeping in the Southern hemisphere and going to school in the Northern hemisphere".
NASCOM
The NASA (Ground) Communications System (NASCOM) manages terrestrial communications between ground stations, mission control centers, and other elements of spacecraft ground segments. Established in 1964, NASCOM provides worldwide, near real-time, transmission of commands, telemetry, voice, and television signals. It is managed out of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

The NASCOM network comprises microwave links, undersea communications cables, land lines, and network centers at Goddard and around the world.

NASA Integrated Services Network
The NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN) is a global system of communications transmission, switching, and terminal facilities that provides NASA with wide area network communications services. The NISN services that support the Space Network (SN) include real-time and mission critical Internet Protocol (IP) routed data, as well as high-rate data and video services that connect the SN ground facilities. Inter-Center mission voice communications services are also provided for management of the network and support of user missions.
Lazard
Lazard Inc. (formerly known as Lazard Ltd and Lazard Frères & Co.) is an American financial advisory and asset management firm that engages in investment banking, asset management and other financial services, primarily with institutional clients. It is the world's largest independent investment bank, with principal executive offices in New York City, Paris and London.

Lazard was founded in 1848 and operates from 41 cities across 26 countries in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Central and South America. The firm provides advice on mergers and acquisitions, strategic matters, restructuring and capital structure, capital raising and corporate finance, as well as asset management services to corporations, partnerships, institutions, governments and individuals.

Bruce Wasserstein
Bruce Jay Wasserstein (December 25, 1947 – October 14, 2009) was an American investment banker, businessman, and writer. He was prominent in the mergers and acquisitions industry, credited with working on 1,000 transactions with a total value of approximately $250 billion.
Riverview Cemetery (Trenton, New Jersey)
Riverview Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at 870 Centre Street in the city of Trenton, New Jersey in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. A number of notables are interred there, including Civil War Union Army Major General and New Jersey Governor George B. McClellan, whose grave is marked by the tallest monument in the cemetery. His wife, Mary Ellen Marcy McClellan, is interred with him.

John A. Roebling
John Augustus Roebling (born Johann August Röbling; June 12, 1806 – July 22, 1869) was a German-born American civil engineer. He designed and built wire rope suspension bridges, in particular the Brooklyn Bridge, which has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.
Anhalt-Zerbst
Anhalt-Zerbst was a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts Potsdam-Mittelmark (Brandenburg) and Wittenberg, the city of Dessau and the districts of Köthen, Schönebeck and Jerichower Land.

Jerichower Land
Jerichower Land (German pronunciation: [ˈjeːʁɪçoːɐ ˈlant], lit. 'Jerichow Land') is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its neighbouring administrative units are (clockwise from the south): the districts of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Salzlandkreis, the city of Magdeburg, the districts of Börde, Stendal, Havelland and Potsdam-Mittelmark in Brandenburg.
Tonka (film)
Tonka is a 1958 American Western film directed by Lewis R. Foster and starring Sal Mineo as a Sioux who survived the Battle of the Little Big Horn. The film is based on the book Comanche: Story of America's Most Heroic Horse by David Appel, and depicts the fictional story of the Indian and US Cavalry owners of the horse of the title.

It was filmed in Bend, Oregon, and distributed by Buena Vista Distribution, a division of Walt Disney Productions.

Comanche (horse)
Comanche was a mixed breed horse who survived the battle of the Little Bighorn. This battle fought during the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 is largely remembered as Custer's Last Stand in which his company of 7th Cavalry Soldiers were killed by Northern Cheyenne and their Lakota allies. This battle took place on June 25th, 1876, in what is now the State of Montana.
Radolinek
Radolinek [radɔˈlinɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnków, within Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

The village has an approximate population of 170.

Gmina Czarnków
Gmina Czarnków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Czarnków, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 347.78 square kilometres (134.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,887.
Maria Saal
Maria Saal (Slovene: Gospa Sveta) is a market town in the district of Klagenfurt-Land in the Austrian state of Carinthia. It is located in the east of the historic Zollfeld plain (Gosposvetsko polje), the wide valley of the Glan River. The municipality includes the cadastral communes of Kading, Karnburg, Möderndorf, Possau and St. Michael am Zollfeld.

Carinthia
Carinthia (German: Kärnten [ˈkɛʁntn̩] ⓘ; Slovene: Koroška [kɔˈɾóːʃka] ⓘ or avstrijska Koroška; Italian: Carinzia [kaˈrintsja]) is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main Ridge, near the Plöcken Pass. The main language is Austrian German, with its non-standard dialects belonging to the Southern Bavarian group; Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area.

Carinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture.
Ostana
Ostana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Cuneo.  Its population has been in decline and in January 2016 it recorded its first birth since the 1980s.

Ostana borders the following municipalities: Bagnolo Piemonte, Barge, Crissolo, Oncino, and Paesana. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Province of Cuneo
The province of Cuneo (Italian: provincia di Cuneo; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Coni) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. To the west, it borders the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (departments of Alpes-Maritimes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Hautes-Alpes), to the north the Metropolitan City of Turin, to the east the province of Asti and to the south the Ligurian provinces of Savona and Imperia. It is also known as la Provincia Granda (Piedmontese for 'The Big Province'), because it is the largest province in Piedmont and the fourth-largest in Italy (following Sassari, South Tyrol and Foggia). Briga Marittima and Tenda were part of this province before their cession to France in 1947.
Petar Misovski
Petar Misovski (Macedonian: Петар Мисовски) (born 4 Junel 1976) is a retired Macedonian handball player who has played for RK Pelister, Zamet Rijeka, RK Vardar, Nittedal, Merkur, Metalurg and Tinex Prolet. He has also played for Macedonia national handball team.

RK Vardar
RK Vardar 1961 (Macedonian: РК Вардар 1961) is a professional handball club from Skopje, North Macedonia. Vardar is the most successful handball team in the country, having won 15-fifteen national League titles and 17-seventeen League Cup titles. Vardar is also the most successful team in the regional SEHA League, having won five titles and two EHF Champions League titles.
2017 Special Photo Edition
2017 Special Photo Edition is the first special extended play from South Korean boy band UP10TION. It was released on October 12, 2017, by TOP Media. The album consists of three tracks, including the title track, "Going Crazy".

Up10tion
Up10tion (Korean: 업텐션; pronounced eobtensyeon for "up tension", acronym for Unbelievable Perfect 10 members Teenager Idol Open Now) is a South Korean boy band formed by TOP Media in 2015. The group currently consists of seven members: Kuhn, Kogyeol, Bitto, Sunyoul, Gyujin, Hwanhee and Xiao. The group debuted with their first extended play Top Secret. In 2017, they made their Japanese debut with EP ID. Originally as ten, Jinhoo, Lee Jin-hyuk and Kim Woo-seok departed from the group on February 28, 2023.
Warao language
Warao (also known as Guarauno, Guarao, Warrau) is the native language of the Warao people. A language isolate, it is spoken by about 33,000 people primarily in northern Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname. It is notable for its unusual object–subject–verb word order. The 2015 Venezuelan film Gone with the River was spoken in Warao.

Gone with the River
Gone with the River (Spanish: Dauna. Lo que lleva el río) is a 2015 Venezuelan drama film directed by Mario Crespo. The film is spoken in Warao. It was selected as the Venezuelan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.
Paula Duncan
Paula Margaret Duncan AM (born 15 September 1952) is an Australian actor, known for her television roles in Number 96 as Carol Finlayson, The Young Doctors as Lisa Brooks, Cop Shop as Danni Francis and Prisoner as Lorelei Wilkinson.

Strange Bedfellows (2004 film)
Strange Bedfellows is a 2004 Australian buddy comedy film directed by Dean Murphy and starring Paul Hogan and Michael Caton as heterosexual men who pass themselves off as a gay couple in order to get financial benefits from the government. A stage musical based on the film ran at the Princess Theatre in Melbourne.
I've Heard That Song Before
"I've Heard That Song Before" is a 1942 American popular song about nostalgia with music by Jule Styne and lyrics by Sammy Cahn. It was introduced by Martha O'Driscoll (dubbed by Margaret Whiting) in the 1942 film Youth on Parade. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1942, but lost out to "White Christmas".

The most notable version of the song was recorded by Harry James and his Orchestra with Helen Forrest on vocals on July 31, 1942. This was the last day of recording before the beginning of the 1942-1944 musicians' strike. The recording was issued on Columbia 36668 and became a number one hit on both the pop charts and the Harlem Hit Parade in the US in early 1943. This version of the song can be heard in Woody Allen's 1986 movie Hannah and Her Sisters.

Hannah and Her Sisters
Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Woody Allen. It tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner. Allen also stars in the film, along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters. Alongside them, the film features Carrie Fisher, Lloyd Nolan (who died four months before the film's release), Maureen O'Sullivan, Max von Sydow, Daniel Stern, John Turturro, Lewis Black (in his film debut), and Julie Kavner.

Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office success, with a North American gross of US$40 million. The film won Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay (for Allen), Best Supporting Actor (for Caine), and Best Supporting Actress (for Wiest). It is often considered one of Allen's major works, with critics continuing to praise its writing and ensemble cast.
Memorial Ossuary, Cer
The Cer Memorial (Serbian: Спомен костурница на Церу / Spomen kosturnica na Ceru) is a war memorial commemorate the Battle of Cer, fought in 1914 as part of the First World War. It is situated on the battlefield, in the village of Tekeriš on the mountain Cer, near Loznica, Serbia. Memorial ossuary Cer is on the list of Immovable Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance.

Cer (mountain)
Cer (pronounced [tsɛr]) is a mountain in western Serbia, 30 kilometers from Šabac, 100 kilometers west of Belgrade. The highest peak has an elevation of 689 m (2,260 ft) above sea level. Cer is rich in the Turkey oak forests after which it was named.