hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Imperative mood
The imperative mood is a grammatical mood that forms a command or request.

The imperative mood is used to demand or require that an action be performed. It is usually found only in the present tense, second person.  They are sometimes called directives, as they include a feature that encodes directive force, and another feature that encodes modality of unrealized interpretation.

An example of a verb used in the imperative mood is the English phrase "Go." Such imperatives imply a second-person subject (you), but some other languages also have first- and third-person imperatives, with the meaning of "let's (do something)" or "let them (do something)" (the forms may alternatively be called hortative and jussive).

Imperative mood can be denoted by the glossing abbreviation IMP. It is one of the irrealis moods.

Irrealis mood
In linguistics, irrealis moods (abbreviated IRR) are the main set of grammatical moods that indicate that a certain situation or action is not known to have happened at the moment the speaker is talking. This contrasts with the realis moods. They are used in statements without truth value (imperative, interrogative, subordinate, etc).

Every language has grammatical ways of expressing unreality. Linguists tend to reserve the term "irrealis" for particular morphological markers or clause types. Many languages with irrealis mood make further subdivisions between kinds of irrealis moods. This is especially so among Algonquian languages such as Blackfoot.
Unbarred spiral galaxy
An unbarred spiral galaxy is a type of spiral galaxy without a central bar, or one that is not a barred spiral galaxy.  It is designated with an SA in the galaxy morphological classification scheme. A nearby example of an unbarred spiral is the Triangulum Galaxy.

Unbarred spiral galaxies are one of three general types of spiral galaxies under the de Vaucouleurs classification system, the other two being intermediate spiral galaxy and barred spiral galaxy. Under the Hubble tuning fork, it is one of two general types of spiral galaxy, the other being barred spirals.

Hubble sequence
The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies published by Edwin Hubble in 1926. It is often colloquially known as the Hubble tuning-fork diagram because the shape in which it is traditionally represented resembles a tuning fork.
It was invented by John Henry Reynolds and Sir James Jeans.

The tuning fork scheme divided regular galaxies into three broad classes – ellipticals, lenticulars and spirals – based on their visual appearance (originally on photographic plates). A fourth class contains galaxies with an irregular appearance. The Hubble sequence is the most commonly used system for classifying galaxies, both in professional astronomical research and in amateur astronomy.
Iterated monodromy group
In geometric group theory and dynamical systems the iterated monodromy group of a covering map is a group describing the monodromy action of the fundamental group on all iterations of the covering. A single covering map between spaces is therefore used to create a tower of coverings, by placing the covering over itself repeatedly. In terms of the Galois theory of covering spaces, this construction on spaces is expected to correspond to a construction on groups. The iterated monodromy group provides this construction, and it is applied to encode the combinatorics and symbolic dynamics of the covering, and provide examples of self-similar groups.

Monodromy
In mathematics, monodromy is the study of how objects from mathematical analysis, algebraic topology, algebraic geometry and differential geometry behave as they "run round" a singularity. As the name implies, the fundamental meaning  of monodromy comes from "running round singly". It is closely associated with covering maps and their degeneration into ramification; the aspect giving rise to monodromy phenomena is that certain functions we may wish to define fail to be single-valued as we "run round" a path encircling a singularity. The failure of monodromy can be measured by defining a monodromy group: a group of transformations acting on the data that encodes what happens as we "run round" in one dimension. Lack of monodromy is sometimes called polydromy.
Meechy Darko
Demetri O'Neal Simms, better known by his stage name Meechy Darko, is an American rapper from Brooklyn, New York. He is best known as a member of the hip hop trio Flatbush Zombies, with whom he began his rapping career with his longtime friends, Erick Arc Elliott and Zombie Juice in 2010. In 2022, he released his debut solo album Gothic Luxury.

Erick Arc Elliott
Erick Elliott (born August 12, 1988), better known as Erick Arc Elliott or Erick the Architect, is an American rapper, singer, artist and record producer from Brooklyn, New York. A member of the hip hop trio Flatbush Zombies, Elliott has released multiple solo projects as well, including I've Never Been Here Before in February 2024.

Elliott plays multiple instruments including the keyboard, piano, and the guitar. He is the primary producer of Flatbush Zombies and has produced for other popular acts such as Joey Badass, James Blake, and more. He also scored the film The Choice Is Yours (2023) on Paramount+ starring Black Sheep and J Dilla. He's also featured on the track "Candle Flame" by Jungle that has over 100 million streams.

As the primary producer of Flatbush Zombies, the "architect" part of his name refers to constructing the groups' iconic sound.
Maine State Route 69
State Route 69 (SR 69) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located in the central coastal region of the state.  It runs 34.86 miles (56.10 km) from SR 11 and SR 100 in Pittsfield to US 1A in Winterport (a terminus it shares with SR 139).  SR 69 is signed east-west, but follows a northwest-to-southeast routing.

Maine State Route 11
State Route 11 (SR 11) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maine. It is a major interregional route which runs nearly the entire length of the state from south to north. The southern terminus of SR 11 is at the New Hampshire state line in Lebanon, where it connects to New Hampshire Route 11. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 1 (US 1) and SR 161 in Fort Kent, near the Canada–US border. The highway travels through York, Cumberland, Androscoggin, Kennebec, Somerset, Waldo, Penobscot, Piscataquis and Aroostook counties. At 400.93 miles (645.23 km) in length, SR 11 is the longest state highway in Maine by a wide margin. However, it is not the longest numbered route in Maine, as US 1 runs for over 526 miles (847 km) in the state.

SR 11, together with NH 11 and Vermont Route 11, forms a continuous multi-state route across northern New England that stretches for over 550 miles (890 km) from Manchester, Vermont to Fort Kent, Maine.
Trichomyia urbica
Trichomyia urbica is a species of moth fly in the subfamily Trichomyiinae (family Psychodidae). The species is distinguished by the unique morphology and wood-boring behaviour of its larvae, which set it apart from other psychodidae flies.

Psychodidae
Psychodidae, also called drain flies, sink flies, filter flies, sewer flies, or sewer gnats, is a family of true flies. Some genera have short, hairy bodies and wings, giving them a "furry" moth-like appearance, hence one of their common names, moth flies. Members of the sub-family Phlebotominae, which are hematophagous (feed on blood), may be called sand flies in some countries, although this term is also used for other unrelated flies, such as horse flies (Tabanidae) and no-see-ums (Ceratopogonidae).

There are more than 2,600 described species worldwide, most of them native to the humid tropics. This makes them one of the most diverse families of their order. Drain flies sometimes inhabit plumbing drains and sewage systems, where they are harmless, but may be a persistent annoyance.
Turkeycock Wildlife Management Area
Turkeycock Wildlife Management Area is a 2,679-acre (10.84 km2) Wildlife Management Area (WMA) along the ridge of Turkeycock Mountain northeast of Martinsville, Virginia. It straddles the border between Franklin and Henry counties.  The area is primarily forest, with several open areas for wildlife located around the property.  The lowest elevation is 1,100 feet (340 m) above sea level, while the highest is over 1,700 feet (520 m).  A number of small streams drain the land, and a pond is located near its southwestern corner.  Most wildlife management in the area has been limited to improving timber quality through the sale of wood.

Turkeycock WMA is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. The area is open to the public for hunting, trapping, fishing, hiking, horseback riding, and primitive camping. Access for persons 17 years of age or older requires a valid hunting or fishing permit, or a WMA access permit.

Virginia Wildlife Management Areas
Virginia wildlife management areas (WMAs) are state-managed protected areas that exist primarily for the benefit of wildlife. Within the Commonwealth of Virginia, 46 tracts of land have been protected as WMAs, covering a total of over 216,000 acres (338 sq mi; 870 km2). They are managed and maintained by the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources.
Llanarth, Monmouthshire
Llanarth is a privately owned estate village and community within a conservation area in the Welsh county of Monmouthshire. Llanarth is roughly six miles (10 km) east of Abergavenny and four miles (6 km) west of Raglan.

Raglan, Monmouthshire
Raglan (/ˈræɡlən/; Welsh: Rhaglan) is a village and community in Monmouthshire, south-east Wales.  It is located some 9 miles south-west of Monmouth, midway between Monmouth and Abergavenny on the A40 road very near to the junction with the A449 road. It is the location of Raglan Castle, built for William ap Thomas and now maintained by Cadw. The community includes the villages of Llandenny and Pen-y-clawdd. Raglan itself has a population of 1,183.
Cubanelle
The cubanelle, also known as the "Cuban pepper" (ají cubanela), is a varietal of mild sweet pepper from the species Capsicum annuum. When unripe, it is a light, yellowish-green color, but will turn bright red if allowed to ripen. Compared to bell peppers, it has thinner flesh, is more elongated, and has a slightly more "wrinkled" appearance.

It is used extensively in criollo cooking and the cuisines of Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. In Puerto Rican recipes, ají cubanela is one of the primary ingredients of sofrito, a mild salsa- or pico de gallo-like vegetable-herb blend that forms the basis of many savory dishes, usually made up of cubanelle and bell peppers, onions, garlic, cilantro, olive oil and salt and pepper, with Sazón or other savory seasonings added.

Most cubanelle pepper imports come from the Dominican Republic, the main exporter of the cultivar.

Bell pepper
The bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper, paprika, pepper, capsicum /ˈkæpsɪkəm/ or, in some parts of the U.S. Midwest, mango) is the fruit of plants in the Grossum Group of the species Capsicum annuum. Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colors, including red, yellow, orange, green, white, and purple. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent chili varieties as "sweet peppers". While they are botanically fruits—classified as berries—they are commonly used as a vegetable ingredient or side dish. Other varieties of the genus Capsicum are categorized as chili peppers when they are cultivated for their pungency, including some varieties of Capsicum annuum.

Peppers are native to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. Pepper seeds were imported to Spain in 1493 and then spread through Europe and Asia.  Preferred growing conditions for bell peppers include warm, moist soil in a temperature range of 21 to 29 °C (70 to 84 °F).
Hedy West
Hedwig Grace "Hedy" West (April 6, 1938 – July 3, 2005) was an American folksinger, songwriter and song catcher. She belonged to the same generation of folk revivalists as Joan Baez, Judy Collins and Carolyn Hester. Her most famous song "500 Miles" is one of America's most popular folk songs. English folk musician A. L. Lloyd declared West to be "far and away the best of [the] American girl singers in the [folk] revival."

Hedy West played the guitar and the banjo. On banjo, she played both clawhammer style and a unique type of three-finger picking that showed influences beyond old-time and bluegrass such as blues and jazz. She is a 2022 inductee to the Georgia Women of Achievement.

A. L. Lloyd
Albert Lancaster Lloyd (29 February 1908 – 29 September 1982), usually known as A. L. Lloyd or Bert Lloyd, was an English folk singer and collector of folk songs, and as such was a key figure in the British folk revival of the 1950s and 1960s. While Lloyd is most widely known for his work with British folk music, he had a keen interest in the music of Spain, Latin America, Southeastern Europe and Australia. He recorded at least six discs of Australian Bush ballads and folk music.

Lloyd also helped establish the folk music subgenre of industrial folk music through his books, recordings, collecting and theoretical writings.
Muru (Māori concept)
Muru is a concept in Māori culture, describing acts of compensation for wrongdoing, either between hapū (sub-tribes), whānau (extended families) or individuals. A form of utu, muru is a process of restorative justice to restore balance in relationships and society. Often muru involves the transfer of goods or resources in response to an offense. In the early colonial era of New Zealand, muru was recognised as a legal concept in colonial New Zealand courts, as an equivalent to common law damages.

Utu (Māori concept)
Utu is a Māori concept of reciprocation or balance.

To retain mana, both friendly and unfriendly actions require an appropriate response; that is, utu covers both the reciprocation of kind deeds, and the seeking of revenge.

Utu is one of the key principles of the constitutional tradition of Māori along with whanaungatanga (the centrality of relationships), mana and tapu/noa (the recognition of the spiritual dimension). Along with equivalent traditions in other Indigenous communities, it has also been cited as an influence in attempts to introduce restorative justice into the criminal justice systems both in New Zealand and elsewhere.

Utu can also be used about monetary repayments, paying or repaying.
Lem Davis
Lemuel A. Davis (22 June 1914 – 16 January 1970), was an American jazz alto saxophonist associated with swing music. Born in Tampa, Florida, United States, his career began in the 1940s with pianist Nat Jaffe. Davis played with the Coleman Hawkins septet in 1943 and with Eddie Heywood's group. Throughout the 1940s, he played in a variety of jazz groups. In 1953, he appeared on Buck Clayton's "The Hucklebuck" recording. He continued to play in New York City throughout the 1950s, but recorded little thereafter.

Buck Clayton
Wilbur Dorsey "Buck" Clayton (November 12, 1911 – December 8, 1991) was an American jazz trumpeter who was a member of Count Basie's orchestra. His principal influence was Louis Armstrong, first hearing the record "Confessin' that I Love You" as he passed by a shop window.
Warren Felt Evans
Warren Felt Evans (December 23, 1817 – September 4, 1889) was an American author connected with the New Thought movement. A former Methodist turned Swedenborian, he was the founder of a mind-cure sanitarium in Salisbury, Massachusetts, and was referred to as "the recording angel of metaphysics" by Charles Fillmore, the co-founder of Unity Church.

Charles Fillmore (Unity Church)
Charles Sherlock Fillmore (August 22, 1854 – July 5, 1948) was an American religious leader who founded Unity, a church within the New Thought movement, with his wife, Myrtle Page Fillmore, in 1889. He became known as an American mystic for his contributions to spiritual interpretations of Biblical Scripture. Fillmore promoted vegetarianism for three decades of his life.
Magmatism
Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks. It does so through magmatic activity or igneous activity,  the production, intrusion and extrusion of magma or lava. Volcanism is the surface expression of magmatism.

Magmatism is one of the main processes responsible for mountain formation. The nature of magmatism depends on the tectonic setting. For example, andesitic magmatism is associated with the formation of  island arcs at convergent plate boundaries while basaltic magmatism is found at mid-ocean ridges during sea-floor spreading at divergent plate boundaries.

On Earth, magma forms by partial melting of silicate rocks either in the mantle, continental or oceanic crust. Evidence for magmatic activity is usually found in the form of igneous rocks formed from magma.

Igneous rock
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin  igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in a terrestrial planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust.
Robin Starveling
Robin Starveling is a character in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream (1596), one of the Rude Mechanicals of Athens who plays the part of Moonshine in their performance of Pyramus and Thisbe.  His part is often considered one of the more humorous in the play, as he uses a lantern in a failed attempt to portray Moonshine and is wittily derided by his audience.

Mechanical (character)
The mechanicals are six characters in A Midsummer Night's Dream who perform the play-within-a-play Pyramus and Thisbe. They are a group of amateur and mostly incompetent actors from around Athens, looking to make names for themselves by having their production chosen among several acts as the courtly entertainment for the royal wedding party of Theseus and Hippolyta. The servant-spirit Puck describes them as "rude mechanicals" in Act III, Scene 2 of the play, in reference to their occupations as skilled manual laborers.

The biggest ham among them, Nick Bottom, becomes the unlikely object of interest for the fairy queen Titania after she is charmed by a love potion and he is turned into a monster with the head of an ass by Puck.

The characters' names are Peter Quince, Snug, Nick Bottom, Francis Flute, Tom Snout, and Robin Starveling.
Grand Avenue (Los Angeles)
Grand Avenue is a major north–south thoroughfare in Los Angeles, California. Primarily located in downtown's Bunker Hill, Financial, and South Park districts, the avenue features many of the area's most notable destinations, and also connects to City Hall via Grand Park.

Los Angeles City Hall
Los Angeles City Hall, completed in 1928, is the center of the government of the city of Los Angeles, California, and houses the mayor's office and the meeting chambers and offices of the Los Angeles City Council. It is located in the Civic Center district of downtown Los Angeles in the city block bounded by Main, Temple, First, and Spring streets, which was the heart of the city's central business district during the 1880s and 1890s.
City of Cape Town elections
The council of the City of Cape Town in the Western Cape, South Africa is elected every five years by a system of mixed-member proportional representation. Half of the councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting from individual wards, while the other half are appointed from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. By-elections are held to replace the councillors elected by wards if a vacancy occurs.

City of Cape Town
The City of Cape Town (Afrikaans: Stad Kaapstad; Xhosa: Isixeko saseKapa) is a metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of Cape Town and surrounding areas.  As of 2022 it has a population of 4,772,846.
KYTV (TV station)
KYTV (channel 3) is a television station in Springfield, Missouri, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Gray Media alongside ABC affiliate KSPR-LD (channel 33) and Branson-licensed CW affiliate KYCW-LD (channel 24); it is also sister to Branson-licensed tourist information–formatted station K17DL-D, channel 17 (which is owned by Branson Visitors TV, LLC, a joint venture between Gray [50.1%] and Market Branson, LLC [49.9%]). KYTV, KSPR-LD and KYCW-LD share studios on West Sunshine Street in Springfield, while KYTV's transmitter is located on Highway FF north of Fordland.

Gray Media
Gray Media, Inc. is an American publicly traded television broadcasting company based in Atlanta. Founded in 1946 by James Harrison Gray as Gray Communications Systems, the company is the third-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, owning or operating 180 stations across the United States in 113 markets. Its station base consists of media markets ranging from as large as Atlanta to one of the smallest markets, North Platte, Nebraska.

In terms of quantity and numerical total, Gray Media is the largest group owner and operator of NBC-affiliated stations (with a total of 64 affiliates), ahead of Nexstar Media Group and Tegna Inc., and the second-largest group owner and operator of ABC affiliates, behind Sinclair Broadcast Group.
Reduncinae
The bovid subfamily Reduncinae or tribe Reduncini is composed of nine species of antelope, all of which dwell in marshes, floodplains, or other well-watered areas, including the waterbucks and reedbucks. These antelopes first appear in the fossil record 7.4 million years ago in Eurasia and 6.6 Mya in Africa.

Reedbuck
Reedbuck is a common name for African antelopes from the genus Redunca.
Bohor reedbucks belong to the family Bovidae and subfamily Reduncinae. Bohor reedbucks are known to be savannah grazers that live near water sources. They have been found in areas like the Bale Mountains National Park in Ethiopia. Southern reedbucks are found near elevated land, including places in South Africa like Natal.

The reedbuck is distinguished by a round glandular spot below each ear, with males having forward-curving horns that vary in size and shape among species. There are three recognised species of reedbuck: the southern reedbuck is the largest, while the mountain reedbuck is the smallest.