hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sign
A sign is an object, quality, event, or entity whose presence or occurrence indicates the probable presence or occurrence of something else. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object—for instance, thunder is a sign of storm, or medical symptoms a sign of disease. A conventional sign signifies by agreement, as a full stop signifies the end of a sentence; similarly the words and expressions of a language, as well as bodily gestures, can be regarded as signs, expressing particular meanings. The physical objects most commonly referred to as signs (notices, road signs, etc., collectively known as signage) generally inform or instruct using written text, symbols, pictures or a combination of these.

The philosophical study of signs and symbols is called semiotics; this includes the study of semiosis, which is the way in which signs (in the semiotic sense) operate.

Traffic sign
Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone milestones. Later, signs with directional arms were introduced, for example the fingerposts in the United Kingdom and their wooden counterparts in Saxony.

With traffic volumes increasing since the 1930s, many countries have adopted pictorial signs or otherwise simplified and standardized their signs to overcome language barriers, and enhance traffic safety. Such pictorial signs use symbols (often silhouettes) in place of words and are usually based on international protocols. Such signs were first developed in Europe, and have been adopted by most countries to varying degrees.
Union University
Union University is a private Baptist university in Jackson, Tennessee, with additional campuses in Germantown and Hendersonville. The university is affiliated with the Tennessee Baptist Convention (Southern Baptist Convention). It was established in 1875 as "Southwestern Baptist University" on the campus of the former West Tennessee College. It absorbed the Hall-Moody Junior College of Martin, Tennessee.

Hendersonville, Tennessee
Hendersonville is the most populous city in Sumner County, Tennessee, on Old Hickory Lake. As of the 2020 census the city's population was 61,753. Hendersonville is the fourth-most populous city in the Nashville metropolitan area after Nashville, Murfreesboro, and Franklin and the 10th largest in Tennessee. Hendersonville is located 18 miles (29 km) northeast of downtown Nashville. The city was settled around 1784 by Daniel Smith, whose house Rock Castle, is maintained as a historic site.

The city is named for William Henderson, the first postmaster.
Andy Stepp
Andrew Earl Stepp (June 23, 1958 – December 5, 2024) was an American politician who represented the 23rd district in the Mississippi House of Representatives from January to December 2024, when he died in office. He was elected in 2023. He was a member of the Republican Party.

2023 Mississippi House of Representatives election
The 2023 Mississippi House of Representatives election was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2023, to elect all 122 members of the Mississippi House of Representatives to four-year terms. It was held concurrently with elections for all statewide offices and the Mississippi State Senate. Primary elections took place on August 8.

The 2023 election was the first election held under new district maps following redistricting as a result of the 2020 census.
Epizootic lymphangitis
Epizootic lymphangitis is a contagious lymphangitis disease of horses and mules caused by the fungus Histoplasma farciminosum. Cattle are also susceptible, but more resistant to the disease than equids.

See also glanders and equine lymphangitis.

Histoplasma
Histoplasma is a genus of fungi in the order Onygenales. Species are known human pathogens producing yeast-like states under pathogenic conditions. They are the causative agents of histoplasmosis in humans and epizootic lymphangitis in horses.
Paths Crossed
Paths Crossed is a 2013 suspended sculpture by Aaron T. Stephan that consists of six 60-feet-long wooden ladders and is located within the Eskenazi Health Outpatient Care Center on the Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital campus, near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, and is part of the Eskenazi Health Art Collection.

Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital
The Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital is a public hospital located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The hospital is the flagship medical center for Eskenazi Health, founded in 1859 as Indiana's oldest public healthcare system. The hospital is operated by Health and Hospital Corporation of Marion County. The current hospital opened December 7, 2013, less than 1,300 feet (400 m) to the west of the original campus, replacing Wishard Memorial Hospital.

Many of Eskenazi Hospital's 4,620 medical staff are provided by a mix of faculty, residents, and students of the adjacent Indiana University School of Medicine. The hospital is an Adult Level I Trauma Center and serves about 1 million outpatients annually.
Pamella Makotsi-Sittani
Pamella Makotsi-Sittoni (born 1969) is a Kenyan journalist and an author who currently serves the Executive Editor and Managing Editor of the Daily Nation at the Nation Media Group (NMG). She got the position in 2019, making her the first woman to hold such a position in the publishing house’s history.

Nation Media Group
Nation Media Group (NMG), formerly known as East African Newspapers (Nation Series) Ltd, is an East African media group based in Kenya and listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange. It is owned by Aga Khan IV.
Catherine Murphy (sprinter)
Catherine Ann Murphy (born 21 September 1975) is an English born, Welsh former athlete who competed mainly in the 200 metres and 400 metres. She finished fourth in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2004 Athens Olympics, fourth in the 400 metres at the 2003 World Indoor Championships, and won a bronze medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2005 European Indoor Championships.

2005 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2005 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at the Palacio de Deportes in Madrid, the capital city of Spain, from Friday, 4 March to Sunday, 6 March 2005. This was the first edition to be held in an odd year since switching to the biennial format, so as not to occur in the same as the outdoor European Athletics Championships and also recently moved IAAF World Indoor Championships. To accommodate this change, there was a two-year gap since the previous edition. It also marked the last time that the 200 metres were contested at the event.

Russia finished on top of the medal table with 17 medals including 9 gold and a clear lead over Sweden and France. The host nation Spain lost only to Russia on the number of medals but won only one gold and finished fifth overall.
Outline of Newfoundland and Labrador
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Newfoundland and Labrador.

Newfoundland and Labrador – the most easterly province of Canada. It comprises the island of Newfoundland, mainland Labrador, and over 7,000 small islands. It is Canada's ninth-most populous province or territory and tenth-largest in total area. A former colony and dominion of the United Kingdom, Newfoundland gave up its independence in 1933 and became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation in 1949. Its name was officially changed to Newfoundland and Labrador in 2001.

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
Shelley Berman
Sheldon Leonard Berman (February 3, 1925 – September 1, 2017) was an American comedian, actor, writer, teacher, and lecturer.

He was awarded four gold records for his comedy albums and he won the first Grammy Award for a spoken comedy recording in 1959. In 2008 he was nominated for an Emmy Award for his portrayal of Larry David's father on Curb Your Enthusiasm.

Berman taught humor writing at the University of Southern California for more than 20 years.

Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album
The Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album is presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement in comedy." The award was awarded yearly from 1959 to 1993 and then from 2004 to present day.
Loosey LaDuca
Loosey LaDuca is the stage name of Timothy P. Rinaldi, an American drag performer who is best known for competing on the fifteenth season of the television series RuPaul's Drag Race. Rinaldi is from Ansonia, Connecticut, and was a construction worker before appearing on Drag Race. Loosey LaDuca's original song "Let Loose", which debuted on the show, went viral and received a remix featuring Jan Sport and Lemon.

RuPaul's Drag Race season 15
The fifteenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race premiered January 6, 2023. The reality competition series moved to MTV for broadcast, instead of VH1 in the United States.

This season features the largest cast in the show's history, with sixteen queens competing for an amount of $200,000, the largest cash prize in the show's history. It is also the first season to feature biological twins, Sugar and Spice. Series judges Michelle Visage, Carson Kressley, and Ross Mathews returned, and Ts Madison, who had previously appeared as a recurring guest judge, joined the judges panel.

The season was won by Sasha Colby, the third trans person to win the main series of RuPaul's Drag Race and first winner of the main series to be openly trans throughout their entire season, with Anetra as the runner-up. Malaysia Babydoll Foxx was named Miss Congeniality.
Commandant's Service
Commandant's Service was the name for the military police of some Warsaw Pact and other armies. Its principal duties were providing garrison security and traffic control. It is not to be confused with a similar organization called Traffic Regulators operated by the Transport Troops of the Rear Services.

Traffic guard
Traffic guards, also known as traffic controllers, traffic marshalls/traffic marshals or flaggers, are trained to set up warning signs and barricades to slow down the speed of traffic in a temporary traffic control zone. When they are on scene they will set up equipment to warn approaching traffic about the incident.
Festival of Cartoon Art
The Festival of Cartoon Art was a triennial conference on the art of comics held at Ohio State University from 1983 to 2013. The conference was produced by what is now known as the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum.

Featuring two to three days of lectures, panel discussions, exhibitions, and receptions, the Festival attracted cartoonists, comics scholars, fans, collectors, and students. Leading cartoonists spoke at the festival, including Lynda Barry, Milton Caniff, Will Eisner, Jules Feiffer, Ben Katchor, Patrick Oliphant, Jeff Smith, Art Spiegelman, Garry Trudeau, and Bill Watterson. Exhibitions were generally shown at what is now known as the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum as well as other venues around Columbus, Ohio.

Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
The Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum is a research library of American cartoons and comic art affiliated with the Ohio State University library system in Columbus, Ohio. Formerly known as the Cartoon Research Library and the Cartoon Library & Museum, it holds the world's largest and most comprehensive academic research facility documenting and displaying original and printed comic strips, editorial cartoons, and cartoon art. The museum is named after the Ohio cartoonist Billy Ireland.

Covering comic books, daily strips, Sunday strips, editorial cartoons, graphic novels, magazine cartoons, and sports cartoons, the collection includes 450,000 original cartoons, 36,000 books, 51,000 serial titles, and 3,000 feet (910 m) of manuscript materials, plus 2.5 million comic strip clippings and tear sheets.
FUB-APINACA
FUB-APINACA (also known as A-FUBINACA according to the EMCCDA framework for naming synthetic cannabinoids and FUB-AKB48) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is presumed to be a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is an analog of APINACA and 5F-APINACA where the pentyl chain has been replaced with fluorobenzyl.

Cannabinoid receptor 1
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. It was discovered by determination and characterization in 1988, and cloned in 1990 for the first time. The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. It is activated by endogenous cannabinoids called endocannabinoids, a group of retrograde neurotransmitters that include lipids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol; plant phytocannabinoids, such as docosatetraenoylethanolamide found in wild dagga, the compound tetrahydrocannabinol which is an active constituent of the psychoactive drug cannabis; and synthetic analogs of tetrahydrocannabinol. CB1 is antagonized by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin at low doses and at higher doses, it activates the CB1 receptor as an agonist, but with less potency than tetrahydrocannabinol.

The primary endogenous agonist of the human CB1 receptor is anandamide.
Marie Sharp
Marie Sharp (born 1940) is a Belizean entrepreneur. She is recognized for her internationally known habanero-based pepper sauces. Prior to opening her own firm, she worked as a teacher and as an executive secretary for the Citrus Company of Belize. Since 1981, she has been producing pepper sauce and in 2016 was inducted into the Hot Sauce Hall of Fame. She is the founder and owner of Marie Sharp's Fine Foods Ltd.

Habanero
The habanero (/ˌ(h)ɑːbəˈnɛəroʊ/; Spanish: [aβaˈneɾo] ⓘ) is a pungent cultivar of Capsicum chinense chili pepper. Unripe habaneros are green, and they color as they mature. The most common color variants are orange and red, but the fruit may also be white, brown, yellow, green, or purple. Typically, a ripe habanero is 2–6 centimetres (3⁄4–2+1⁄4 inches) long. Habanero chilis are very hot, rated 100,000–350,000 on the Scoville scale. The habanero's heat, flavor, and floral aroma make it a common ingredient in hot sauces and other spicy foods.
2024 IFSC Paraclimbing World Cup
The IFSC Paraclimbing World Cup 2024 is the twelfth season of the paraclimbing world cup series by the International Federation of Sport Climbing. Two of the three events are held alongside the 2024 IFSC Climbing World Cup.

Paraclimbing
Paraclimbing is competitive climbing for athletes with disabilities.

The classification system defines who is eligible to compete in paraclimbing and groups athletes with eligible impairments into sports classes. Athletes are placed into a sport class based on how much their impairment affects their ability to carry out the fundamental activities in paraclimbing.

Sports classification for competitions differentiates paraclimbing from adaptive climbing in general.
Battle of Uji (1184)
Minamoto no Yoshinaka tried to wrest power from his cousins Yoritomo and Yoshitsune, seeking to take command of the Minamoto clan. To that end, he burned the Hōjūji Palace, and kidnapped Emperor Go-Shirakawa. However, his cousins Noriyori and Yoshitsune caught up with him soon afterwards, following him across the Bridge over the Uji, New Year's Day, 1184, which Yoshinaka had torn up to impair their crossing.

This was an ironic reversal of the first Battle of the Uji, only four years earlier.  Much as the Taira did in that first battle, Minamoto no Yoshitsune led his horsemen across the river, and defeated Yoshinaka.

Minamoto no Yoshinaka
Minamoto no Yoshinaka (源 義仲; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.na.mo.to no (|) jo.ɕiꜜ.na.ka], 1154 – February 21, 1184), also known as Kiso Yoshinaka (木曾 義仲), was a Japanese samurai lord mentioned in the epic poem The Tale of the Heike. A member of the Minamoto clan, he was a cousin and later rival of shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo during the Genpei War between the Minamoto and the Taira clans in the late Heian period.
Russian research vessel Yantar
Yantar (Russian: Янтарь) is a special purpose intelligence collection ship built for the Russian Navy. The ship has been operated by the Russian Navy's Main Directorate of Underwater Research (GUGI) since 2015 and is reportedly a spy ship. The vessel's home port is Severomorsk, where it is attached to the Northern Fleet. It is the lead ship of the Project 22010 class, with two sister ships: Almaz (planned launch of 2019 but delayed), intended to serve with the Pacific Fleet, and Vice-Admiral Burilichev (laid down 2021).

Spy ship
A spy ship or reconnaissance vessel is a dedicated ship intended to gather intelligence, usually by means of sophisticated electronic eavesdropping. In a wider sense, any ship intended to gather information could be considered a spy ship.

Spy ships are usually controlled by a nation's government, due to the high costs and advanced equipment required. They tend to be parts of the nation's navy, though they may also be operated by secret services.

Naval trawlers masquerade as civilian ships such as fishing trawlers, which could be reasonably expected to remain in a certain area for a long time.

Ships which are used to infiltrate spies or special forces are sometimes also called "spy ships".
Dhandlan
Dhandlan is a village panchayat located in the Jhajjar district of Haryana state, India, near Dighal. Chandigarh is the state capital for Dhandhlan village. It is located around 222.4 kilometers away from Dhandhlan. The nearest state capital to Dhandhlan is Delhi, at a distance of 58.5 km. It is a village of Ahlawat Jats .

Dighal
Dighal is a village in Beri tehsil in Jhajjar district of Haryana state in north India. It falls under the Rohtak Division. It is the largest village in terms of population in a single panchayat in Haryana.
Yeghishe Manoukian College
Yeghishe Manoukian College is an Armenian college in Lebanon. It is situated in Dbayyeh, in the Metn district. It is considered one of the best Armenian schools in the vast Armenian Diaspora, and also in Lebanon thanks to its high success rates in the Lebanese Brevet and Baccalaureate exams.

Matn District
Matn (Arabic: قضاء المتن, Qaḍāʾ al-Matn), sometimes spelled Metn (or preceded by the article El, as in El Matn), is a district (qadaa) in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon, east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut. The district capital is Jdeideh (followed to Jdeideh, Bouchrieh, El Sedd Municipality).

Matn is one of the most popular areas in Lebanon, with its rich scenery and its splendid view of the Mediterranean. Matn's population is almost entirely Christian with some Druze in the region, mostly in Beit Mery, Broummana, Mtein and Zarooun.

The Matn district is also popularly known as Northern Matn District (قضاء المتن الشمالي Qaḍāʾ al-Matn aš-Šamāliyy) not to be confused with Southern Matn (المتن الجنوبي al-Matn al-Janūbī) which is part of Baabda District and with Uppermost Matn (المتن الأعلى al-Matn al-ʾAʿlā) which is part of Baabda District.
Avinash Gehlot
Avinash Gehlot (born 9 December 1981) is an Indian politician currently serving as the Cabinet Minister of Social Justice & Empowerment Department in Government of Rajasthan. He is  a member of 15th and 16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from Jaitaran.
He is a member of the Bhartiya Janta Party.

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (ISO: Rājāsthān Vidhān Sabhā), is the unicameral legislature of the state of Rajasthan. It is a vital part of the state government, responsible for making and implementing laws.

The assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan situated in Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan.
Archie Goodwin (soccer)
Archie Stuart Wayne Goodwin (born 7 November 2004) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a striker for Major League Soccer club Charlotte FC.

Raised in Cooks Hill, New South Wales, Goodwin started his career with Newcastle Jets, for whom he made his professional debut, aged 16, in February 2021, becoming the club's youngest debutant. He also became their youngest goalscorer when he scored his first goal in June 2021, helping them avoid the wooden spoon. For the forthcoming seasons, Goodwin would be plagued by injuries, missing the majority of matches in the 2021–22, 2022–23 and 2023–24 season for Jets. He signed for Adelaide United in June 2024, winning the Golden Boot in his first season with 13 goals, the youngest player to ever win the award.

An Australian international, Goodwin has played for the Australia national team at youth level.

Cooks Hill
Cooks Hill is an inner city suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It is typified by its tree lined streets, rows of Victorian terrace housing, turn of the century timber cottages and corner pubs.

Cooks Hill had a population of 3,621 in 2016.
Tina Drazu
Tina Drazu is a Ugandan airline transport pilot, who has served as a first officer at Uganda National Airlines Company, Uganda's national carrier airline, on the A330-841 aircraft, since February 2021. Before that, since April 2019, she was a first officer on the CRJ 900 aircraft, at the same airline. As of October 2023, she was one of the only two female first officers on the A330-841 at the airline.

Uganda Airlines
Uganda Airlines, legally Uganda National Airlines Company, is the flag carrier of Uganda. The company is a revival of the older Uganda Airlines which operated from 1977 until 2001. The current carrier began flying in August 2019.
Vestbygd Church
Vestbygd Church (Norwegian: Vestbygd kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Lødingen Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Vågehamn. It is one of the two churches for the Lødingen parish which is part of the Vesterålen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1885 using plans drawn up by the architect Johannes Henrik Nissen. The church seats about 230 people. The church holds worship services one Sunday each month (services are held at the nearby Lødingen Church on the other Sundays).

On 1 January 2020, the churches in Lødingen Municipality were transferred from the Ofoten prosti to the Vesterålen prosti.

Lødingen Municipality
Lødingen (Northern Sami: Lodegak) is a municipality in Nordland county in Norway. Lødingen is located on the southeastern corner of the island of Hinnøya, and is part of the traditional district of Ofoten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lødingen. Other villages in the municipality include Våge and Ytterstad. Lødingen has the nickname "Biketown" because it hosts several annual bicycle races, including "Lofoten Insomnia" and Vestbygd-rittet.

The 527-square-kilometre (203 sq mi) municipality is by area the 201st largest out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lødingen Municipality is the 279th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,060. The municipality's population density is 3.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (10/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 8.4% over the previous 10-year period.