hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exchequer Directorates
The Exchequer Directorates of the Scottish Government are a group of directorates of the Scottish Government. The Exchequer Directorate is headed by Alyson Stafford CBE was appointed in July 2017. The Director General of the Scottish Exchequer Directorate is solely responsible for the overall setting, overview and implementing of the Scottish Budget, including tax, spending of the Scottish Government and measuring performance, and for any advice and support, as well as for the systems on finance and procurement. The Director-General of the Exchequer Directorate is a member of the Scottish Government's Corporate Governance Board.

Scottish budget
The Scottish Government budget is an annual act of the Scottish Parliament, giving statutory authority to the Scottish Government for its revenue and expenditure plans. For the financial year 2026–2027, the budget was £67.9 billion. The Scottish Government Budget Bill is presented to Parliament by the Cabinet Secretary for Finance. The current Cabinet Secretary for Finance is Shona Robison who was appointed to the role in March 2023.
Swiss Cottage Secondary School
Swiss Cottage Secondary School (SCSS) is a co-educational government secondary school in Bukit Batok, Singapore. Founded in 1963, it offers secondary education leading to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level or Singapore-Cambridge GCE Normal Level examinations.

Bukit Batok
Bukit Batok (IPA: /ˈbʊkɪt ˌbɑːtoʊk/ BUUK-it BAH-tohk), often abbreviated as Bt Batok, is a planning area and residential town located in the eastern part of the West Region of Singapore. Bukit Batok statistically ranks in as the 25th largest, the 10th most populous and the 9th most densely populated planning area in Singapore. It is bordered by six other planning areas - Choa Chu Kang to the north and northwest, Bukit Panjang to the northeast and east, Clementi to the south, Bukit Timah to the southeast, Jurong East to the southwest and Tengah to the west.

Bukit Batok largely sits on Gombak norite, a geological formation that is found in high concentrations within the planning area itself, as well as in the western parts of neighbouring Cashew. It was this presence of the igneous rock that made Bukit Batok a pivotal location for the quarrying industry in Singapore around the turn of the mid-20th century.
Big Bay Boom
The Big Bay Boom is an annual Independence Day fireworks display in San Diego, California. The event has been put on since 2001. It is claimed to be one of the largest annual fireworks displays in the United States. It is "one of the most logistically complex displays in the world"; from 2010 through 2012 it spanned 14 miles and five locations. The primary sponsor is the Port of San Diego. Since 2014, the fireworks are presented by Pyro Spectaculars, which acquired former presenter San Diego Fireworks. Each year, roughly half a million people congregate on the shores of San Diego Bay to watch the show.

Port of San Diego
The Port of San Diego is a seaport on San Diego Bay in San Diego, California. Established in 1962 by an act of the California State Legislature, it operates as a self-supporting special district and administers the bay and its waterfront under the state's Tidelands Trust.

Ranked among the 30 largest U.S. container ship ports by the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the port handles nearly 3 million metric tons (6.6 billion pounds) of cargo annually through the Tenth Avenue and National City marine terminals. It serves as a major U.S. port of entry for several automobile manufacturers and holds a long-term lease with Dole for fruit imports. It is also the third-busiest cruise port in California.

The port is governed by a seven-member Board of Port Commissioners appointed by the cities of Chula Vista, Coronado, Imperial Beach, National City, and San Diego.
Radzanów, Mława County
Radzanów [raˈd͡zanuf] is a village in Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland, approximately 28 km (17 mi) south-west of Mława and 101 km (63 mi) north-west of Warsaw. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Radzanów.

The village lies on the Wkra river. It has a population of 930, with the population of the surrounding gmina exceeding 4,000 inhabitants.

Mława
Mława ([ˈmwava]; Yiddish: מלאווע Mlave) is a town in north-central Poland with 30,403 inhabitants in 2020. It is the capital of Mława County in the Masovian Voivodeship.

Founded in the Middle Ages, Mława is a former royal town of Poland. It features preserved Baroque and Art Nouveau architecture. It is the largest town of Zawkrze, a small historic subregion of Masovia, and as such it hosts the Museum of Zawkrze Land, devoted to the history and nature of the region. During the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the battle of Mława was fought to the north of the town.

Mława is located on the major Warsaw–Gdańsk railway, and is a local industrial center with a notable LG factory.
Kunwar family
The Kunwar family (Nepali: कुँवर परिवार) was a noble Khas-Chhetri family in the Gorkha Kingdom and the Kingdom of Nepal. The Kunwars were linked to the Thapa dynasty and family of Amar Singh Thapa by marital lineages and, thus, to Pande dynasty through the Thapa dynasty. Three branches of the Kunwars; Ramakrishna, Jayakrishna and Amar Singh Kunwar were formed with opposite political aspirations. Bal Narsingh Kunwar (of Ramkrishna section) supported Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa while Chandrabir Kunwar (of Jayakrishna section) supported Bada Kaji Amar Singh Thapa due to their marital relations with those families. Later, the Ramakrishna section of the family including Amarsingh established the Rana dynasty of Nepal and styled themselves as Rana Rajputs while Jayakrishna most section remained as Kunwars.

Gorkha kingdom
The Gorkha Kingdom, also known as the Gorkha Confederation or the Gorkha Empire, was one of the Chaubisi states, situated at the junction of the Himalayas and the Indian subcontinent. In 1743, the kingdom began a campaign of military expansion, annexing several neighbors and laying the foundations of present-day Nepal.

Following the disintegration of the Magarat confederation—formerly ruled by the Magar—the region fragmented into the Baise Rajya (22 principalities) in the far west and the Chaubisi Rajya (24 principalities) in central Nepal.

The Gorkha Kingdom extended to the Marshyangdi River in the west, forming its border with the Kingdom of Lamjung. To the east, the kingdom extended to the Trishuli River, forming its border with the Nepal Mandala. The Gorkha kingdom was established in 1559 CE by Prince Dravya Shah, the second son of King Yasho Brahma Shah of Lamjung. Dravya Shah replaced the Magar King Mansingh Khadka Magar  who previously ruled the region.
Marlborough Castle
Marlborough Castle, locally known and recorded in historical documents as The Mound, was an 11th-century royal castle located in the civil parish of Marlborough. It is a market town in the English county of Wiltshire, on the Old Bath Road, the former main road from London to Bath (grid reference SU18376866). The barrow on which the fortification was built, perhaps the "barrow of Maerla", seems to be a prehistoric earthwork which formed the motte of the Norman Marlborough Castle. It survives as a tree-covered mound known as Marlborough Mound, within the site of Marlborough College. The Mound is on private ground and closed to the public except for occasional open days organised by the local council.

Marlborough, Wiltshire
Marlborough (/ˈmɔːlbərə/ ⓘ MAWL-bər-ə, is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Wiltshire on the Old Bath Road, the old main road from London to Bath. The town is on the River Kennet, 24 miles (39 km) north of Salisbury and 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Swindon. In 2021 it had a population of 9129.
Peter White (Michigan politician)
Peter White (October 31, 1830 – June 6, 1908) was one of the original settlers of Marquette, Michigan.  He was a banker, businessman, real estate developer, and a philanthropist; and was involved in a number of the area's iron mining-related businesses, including acting as a director the Cleveland Iron Company.  White served in many local and state public offices, including postmaster, county clerk, school board member, state representative and senator, and as a member of the state library commission and a Regent of the University of Michigan.  Poet William Henry Drummond said of White, "the trail Peter White has cut through life is blessed by acts of private charity and deeds of public devotion that will serve as a guide to those who follow in the footsteps of a truly great, and above all, good man."

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
Elias Beckingham
Ellis Beckingham, named Ellis of Beckingham in some sources, (died 1307?) was a parish priest for Warmington, Northamptonshire, which at the time was under the authority of Peterborough Abbey, and with which Beckingham had a close relationship throughout his life. He both assisted the Abbey legally and increased his wealth through their grants. He was also a royal judge, and is possibly best known for being the only English judge to keep his position when most of his colleagues were dismissed. As a result, he has been called "with one exception the only honest judge" of the time. The dates of his birth and death are unknown, but he is thought to have died in around 1307.

Royal justice
Royal justices were judges in medieval England with the power to hear pleas of the Crown. They were roving officials of the king of England, sent to seek out notorious robbers and murderers and bring them to justice.
Jesús Malverde
Jesús Malverde (pronounced [xeˈsus malˈbeɾde] lit. 'bad-green Jesus'; born Jesús Juárez Matzo Campos, 24 December 1870 – 3 May 1909), commonly referred to as the "generous bandit", "angel of the poor", or the "narco-saint", was a Mexican bandit and folklore hero in the Mexican state of Sinaloa.

He was of Yoreme and Spanish heritage. He is a "Robin Hood" figure who was supposed to have stolen from the rich to give to the poor. He would steal gold coins from the wealthy residents of Culiacán, throwing his earnings into the doorways belonging to impoverished citizens which eventually earned him his name. He is celebrated as a folk saint by some in Mexico and the United States, including among drug traffickers.

Banditry
Banditry is a type of organized crime committed by outlaws typically involving the threat or use of violence. A person who engages in banditry is known as a bandit and primarily commits crimes such as extortion, robbery, kidnapping, and murder, either as an individual or in groups. Banditry is a vague concept of criminality and in modern usage can be synonymous with gangsterism, brigandage, marauding, terrorism, piracy, and thievery.
Congregation Schara Tzedeck
Congregation Schara Tzedeck is a Modern Orthodox synagogue located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The synagogue is the oldest synagogue and the largest Orthodox synagogue in Greater Vancouver. From Hebrew, the transliteration of the synagogue's name is the "Gates of Righteousness".

Oldest synagogues in Canada
Synagogues may be considered "oldest" based on different criteria, and can be oldest in the sense of oldest surviving building, or oldest in the sense of oldest congregation. Some old synagogue buildings have been in continuous use as synagogues, while others have been converted to other purposes, and others, such as the Touro Synagogue, were shuttered for many decades. Some early established congregations have been in continuous existence, while other early congregations have ceased to exist.
Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai (Tibetan: འཕགས་པ་ལྷ་དགེ་ལེགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་; Chinese: 帕巴拉·格列朗杰; born February 1940) is the 11th Qamdo Pagbalha Hutuktu of Tibetan Buddhism and a politician of the People's Republic of China. He is a Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and the Honorary President of the Buddhist Association of China. He also formerly served as a Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress, Vice Chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and Vice President of the Buddhist Association of China. As a Tibetan tulku (incarnate lama), he is notable for his willingness to work in the Chinese government, except during the Cultural Revolution.

Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
The vice chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress are deputies to the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, responsible for assisting the chairman in his work.

The vice chairpersons are formally nominated by the Presidium of the NPC during a session and approved by the delegations of the NPC, though in reality are chosen within the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The chairman, vice chairpersons and the secretary-general of the NPCSC collectively constitute the Council of Chairpersons. A vice chairperson may be delegated to exercise some of the chairman's powers by the chairman. In the case that the chairman becomes incapacitated, NPCSC temporarily elects one of the vice chairpersons until the chairman is able to resume their work or a new chairman is elected by the NPC. Since 1982, vice chairpersons are appointed for a term of five years, and cannot serve for more than two terms.
Bill King (Royal Navy officer)
Commander William Donald Aelian King, DSO & Bar, DSC (23 June 1910 – 21 September 2012) was a British naval officer, yachtsman and author. He was the oldest participant in the first solo non-stop, around-the-world yacht race, the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, and the only person to command a British submarine on both the first and last days of World War II.

Brought up by his mother and grandmother, King went to the Royal Naval College in Dartmouth. He was first assigned to the battleship Resolution, and later became commanding officer of the submarine Snapper. He commanded  three separate RN submarines in World War II, and was promoted to commander and awarded seven medals during the war. King not only survived World War II, but succeeded in a singlehanded circumnavigation in 1973 on his third attempt. During the latter journey, he managed to reach port despite a collision with a large sea creature 400 miles (640 km) southwest of Australia.

Britannia Royal Naval College
Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth, also known as Dartmouth, is the naval academy of the United Kingdom and the initial officer training establishment of the Royal Navy. It is located on a hill overlooking the port of Dartmouth, Devon, England. Royal Naval officer training has taken place in Dartmouth since 1863. The buildings of the current campus were completed in 1905. Earlier students lived in two wooden hulks moored in the River Dart. Since 1998, BRNC has been the sole centre for Royal Naval officer training.
Yolande of Aragon
Yolande of Aragon (11 August 1381 – 14 November 1442) was Duchess of Anjou and Countess of Provence by marriage, who acted as regent of Provence during the minority of her son. She was also known as Yolanda de Aragón and Violant d'Aragó. Tradition holds that she commissioned the famous Rohan Hours.

County of Provence
The County of Provence was a largely autonomous medieval state that eventually became incorporated into the Kingdom of France in 1481. For four centuries Provence was ruled by a series of counts that were vassals of the Carolingian Empire, Burgundy and finally the Holy Roman Empire, but in practice they were largely independent.
Missouri Republican
The Missouri Republican was a newspaper founded in 1808 and headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri. Its predecessor was the Morning Gazette. It later changed its name to St. Louis Republic.

After supporting the Whig Party, the paper became aligned with the Democratic Party.

In the late 19th century, the Republic had the second-largest circulation in St. Louis, surpassing papers that would survive it, such as the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the St. Louis Star-Times. Its final owner was David R. Francis, a prominent political figure. In 1919, after years of losses, Francis sold the Republic to the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, a longtime rival paper supportive of the Republican Party, which closed it.

St. Louis Post-Dispatch
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch is a regional newspaper serving the St. Louis metropolitan area. Based in St. Louis, Missouri, it is the largest daily newspaper in the metropolitan area by circulation, surpassing the Belleville News-Democrat, Alton Telegraph, and Edwardsville Intelligencer. The publication has received 19 Pulitzer Prizes.

The paper is owned by Lee Enterprises of Davenport, Iowa, which purchased Pulitzer, Inc. in 2005 in a cash deal valued at $1.46 billion.
Knox Glass Bottle Company
The Knox Glass Bottle Company  was an American glass manufacturing company based in Knox, Clarion County, Pennsylvania.

The great majority of the company's production was in the form of glass bottles many of which were beer bottles, milk bottles, and many glass medicine bottles in a variety of standard sizes. Bottle collectors identify the company's products through the mould numbers and distinctive letter-in-a-keystone mark on the base of the bottles.

Glass production
Glass production involves two main methods – the float glass process that produces sheet glass, and glassblowing that produces bottles and other containers. It has been done in a variety of ways during the history of glass.
Murder of Shaima Alawadi
Shaima Alawadi was an Iraqi-born American housewife who was murdered in El Cajon, California on March 21, 2012.

Alawadi, a 32-year-old U.S. citizen who had emigrated from Iraq in the early 1990s, was found beaten to death in her home. Alawadi's death was initially seen as a hate crime and that she was murdered for being a Muslim. Alawadi's husband Kassim Alhimidi was eventually charged and convicted for her murder and sentenced to 26 years to life in prison.

El Cajon, California
El Cajon (/ɛl kəˈhoʊn/ el kə-HOHN, Spanish pronunciation: [el kaˈxon] ⓘ; Spanish: El Cajón, lit. 'the box') is a city in San Diego County, California, United States, 17 mi (27 km) east of downtown San Diego. The city takes its name from Rancho El Cajón, which was named for the box-like shape of the valley that surrounds the city, and the origin of the city's common nickname "the Box".

As of the 2020 census, El Cajon had a population of 106,215.
Naga folklore
Naga folklore describes a collection of local stories, celebrations and customs of the Nagas that occupy Northeastern region of India and Northwestern region of Myanmar. The Nagas are made up of distinct cultures including Angami, Ao, Lotha, Sümi and many others. Each group has its own unique folkloric tradition.

Angami Naga
The Angamis are a major Naga ethnic group native to the Northeast Indian state of Nagaland. They predominantly inhabit the Kohima District. They are also found in Chümoukedima District and Dimapur District. There are four regions divisions of the Angamis namely Chakhro Angami, Northern Angami, Southern Angami and Western Angami. The now separated Chakhesangs were previously known as the Eastern Angamis.
Antonella Palmisano
Antonella Palmisano (born 6 August 1991) is an Italian racewalker, 3rd at 2017 World Championships, 4th at 2016 Summer Olympics and 5th at 2015 World Championships  in 20 km race walk and 1st in the same event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. Also, she finished 2nd at 2025 World Athletics Championships held at Tokyo in the 35 km race walk.

20 kilometres race walk
The 20 kilometre race walk is an Olympic athletics event that is competed by both men and women. The racewalking event is competed as a road race. Athletes must always keep in contact with the ground and the supporting leg must remain straight until the raised leg passes it.
Statue of Chōgen
The Statue of Chōgen is a 13th century Japanese Buddhist sculpture depicting Chōgen, the head priest of Tōdai-ji in his 80s. Attributed to the artists Unkei or Kaikei, the wood sculpture is part of the Kei school of Buddhist sculpture, which gained prominence during the early days of the Kamakura period in the aftermath of the Genpei War. Recognized for its realism and seen as a masterpiece of Japanese art, it is designated a National Treasure of Japan, and is currently housed in the Shunjō-dō of Tōdai-ji.

Kei school
The Kei school (慶派, Kei-ha) was a Japanese school (style) of Buddhist sculpture which emerged in the early Kamakura period (c. 1200). Based in Nara, it was the dominant school in Buddhist sculpture in Japan into the 14th century, and remained influential until the 19th. Art historian Joan Stanley Baker cites the Kei school's early works as the last highpoint in the history of Japanese sculpture.
Crazy/Beautiful
Crazy/Beautiful (stylized as crazy/beautiful) is a 2001 American teen romantic drama film starring Kirsten Dunst and Jay Hernandez (in his film debut). It is largely set at Palisades Charter High School and the surrounding area, including Downtown Los Angeles, Pacific Palisades, Malibu, and East Los Angeles.

Poor Latino Carlos Nuñez and the troubled congressman's daughter Nicole Oakley inadvertantly meet far from their school Pacific Palisades High, and soon form an unlikely relationship despite others' opposition.

The film was released on June 29, 2001, to mostly favorable reviews and modestly recovered its production budget.

East Los Angeles, California
East Los Angeles (Spanish: Este de Los Ángeles), or East L.A., is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) situated within Los Angeles County, California, United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, East Los Angeles is designated as a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes. The most recent data from the 2020 census reports a population of 118,786, reflecting a 6.1% decrease compared to the 2010 population of 126,496.

The concentration of Hispanic/Latino Americans is 95.16 percent, the highest of any large city or census-designated place in the United States outside of Puerto Rico.
Anarchism in Nigeria
Anarchism in Nigeria has its roots in the organization of various stateless societies that inhabited pre-colonial Nigeria, particularly among the Igbo people. After the British colonization of Nigeria, revolutionary syndicalism became a key factor in the anti-colonial resistance, although the trade union movement deradicalized and took a more reformist approach following the country's independence. The contemporary Nigerian anarchist movement finally emerged from the left-wing opposition to the military dictatorship in the late 1980s and saw the creation of the Awareness League.

Military dictatorship in Nigeria
The military dictatorship in Nigeria was a period when members of the Nigerian Armed Forces held power in Nigeria from 1966 to 1999 with an interregnum from 1979 to 1983. The military was able to rise to power often with the tacit support of the elite through coup d'états. Since the country became a republic in 1963, there had been a series of military coups.