hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Genieo
Genieo Innovation is an Israeli company, specializing in unwanted software which includes advertising and user tracking software, commonly referred to as a potentially unwanted program, adware, privacy-invasive software, grayware, or malware. They are best known for Genieo, an application of this type. They also own and operate InstallMac which distributes additional 'optional' search modifying software with other applications. In 2014, Genieo Innovation was acquired for $34 million by Somoto, another company which "bundles legitimate applications with offers for additional third party applications that may be unwanted by the user". This sector of the Israeli software industry is frequently referred to as Download Valley.

Spyware
Spyware (a portmanteau for spying software) is any malware  that aims to gather information about a person or organization and send it to another entity in a way that harms the user by violating their privacy, endangering their device's security, or other means. This behavior may be present in other malware and in legitimate software. Websites may engage in spyware behaviors like web tracking. Hardware devices may also be affected.

Spyware is frequently associated with advertising and involves many of the same issues. Because these behaviors are so common, and can have non-harmful uses, providing a precise definition of spyware is a difficult task.
Amritsar Shatabdi Express
The 12013/12014 Amritsar Shatabdi Express is a Superfast Express train of Shatabdi class belonging to Indian Railways that runs between Amritsar Junction and New Delhi in India. It is a daily service.

It operates as train number 12013 from New Delhi to Amritsar Junction and as train number 12014 in the reverse direction.

Shatabdi Express
Shatabdi Express (lit. 'Century Express') are a series of fast passenger trains operated by the Indian Railways. These are day trains and mostly return to their origin station the same day. The trains run at a maximum permissible speed of 110–150 km/h (68–93 mph) depending on the infrastructure on the corresponding route, with the Rani Kamalapati–New Delhi Shatabdi Express achieving the maximum permissible speed of 150 km/h (93 mph).
Coptic monasticism
Coptic monasticism is a voluntary Christian spiritual way of life that originated early on in Christian history within the Coptic Orthodox Church and which is still practiced today. It aims to permit a deeper connection with God through asceticism, hard work, detachment from material things, and a life of prayer free from external distractions.

It is said to be the original form of monasticism. Anthony the Great became the first one to be called "monk" (Ancient Greek: μοναχός), and was the first to establish a Christian monastery—now known as the Monastery of Saint Anthony at the base of Mount Colzim.

The Monastery of Saint Anthony  is the oldest Christian monastery in the world.

Although Anthony's way of life was focused on solitarity, Pachomius the Great, a Copt from Upper Egypt, established cenobitic monasticism in his monasteries in Upper Egypt, which laid the basic monastic structure for many of the monasteries today in many monastic orders even outside of Coptic Orthodoxy.

Monasticism
Monasticism (from Ancient Greek  μοναχός (monakhós) 'solitary, monastic'; from  μόνος (mónos) 'alone'), also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual activities. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, especially in the Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican traditions as well as in other faiths such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. In other religions, monasticism is generally criticized and not practiced, as in Islam and Zoroastrianism; or plays a marginal role, as in modern Judaism.

Many monastics live in abbeys, convents, monasteries, or priories to separate themselves from the secular world, unless they are in mendicant or missionary orders.
2025 ICC Champions Trophy final
The 2025 ICC Champions Trophy final was a One Day International (ODI) cricket match played at the Dubai International Cricket Stadium on 9 March 2025 to determine the winner of 2025 ICC Champions Trophy. It was played between India and New Zealand. It was the second time that India and New Zealand played a Champions Trophy final against each other, after the 2000 final.

New Zealand won the toss and electing to bat first, they registered a score of 251/7. In the second innings, India managed to chase the score 254/6 and thus India claimed the victory by 4 wickets to win third ICC Champions Trophy title while also becoming the first team to win all their matches and win a ICC Champions Trophy undefeated. Rohit Sharma was named Player of the Match for scoring 76 runs off 83 balls.

2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy final
The final of the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy took place on 15 October 2000 at the Gymkhana Club Ground in Nairobi, Kenya. It was played between India and New Zealand. New Zealand won the final by four wickets to win their first ICC KnockOut Trophy and thus also winning a major ICC event. Chris Cairns was named the man of the match for scoring 102 runs.
Andy Albert
Andrew Paul Albert is an American country music singer and songwriter originally from the Metro Atlanta. His songwriting repertoire includes writing for artists such as Blake Shelton, Dustin Lynch, Dan + Shay, Lainey Wilson, and Carrie Underwood.

Albert grew up in Roswell and moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 2011. He signed a publishing deal with Downtown Music in 2014, and currently writes for Concord Music Publishing.  Prior to moving to Nashville he was in the pop-rock band Holiday Parade from 2004 to 2011 and Bonaventure in 2011 with Dan Smyers. He has written multiple #1 songs at country radio, and had over 300 songs placed and recorded.

Albert was the Country First Place Winner of the American Songwriter 2023 Song Contest.

Dustin Lynch
Dustin Charles Lynch (born May 14, 1985) is an American country music singer and songwriter, signed to Broken Bow Records. Lynch has released six albums and one EP for the label: a self-titled album in 2012, Where It's At in 2014, Current Mood in 2017, Tullahoma in 2020, Blue in the Sky in 2022 and Killed the Cowboy in 2023. He has also released seventeen singles, of which nine have reached number one on Country Airplay.
Majumdar Rajiv Lochan Das
Majumdar Rajiv Lochan Das was one of the earliest patriarchs of the extended Munshi family of Kadirpara-Chougachi. He was the father of Hariram Das, Ramram Das and Munshi Balaram Das, and was the first individual of the Das family (later known as the Munshis) to settle in Kadirpara (present day Kadirpara Union, Sreepur Upazila, Magura District, Bangladesh).

Munshi Balaram Das
Munshi Balaram Das (Bengali: মুন্সি বলরাম দাস, c. 17th century) was a Bengali aristocrat and zamindar who founded the Kadirpara Estate. He served as the Munshi of Raja Sitaram Ray,  the 17th century independent Hindu zamindar who revolted against Mughal Empire.
Albert Broadbent (vegetarian)
Albert Broadbent FSS FRHS (17 February 1867 – 21 January 1912) was an English activist, writer, editor, publisher, lecturer, and restaurateur. Broadbent was a prominent advocate of vegetarianism. He served as Secretary of the Vegetarian Society and edited The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review, playing a significant role in promoting vegetarianism on an international level. His work included extensive lecturing, producing publications advocating for a vegetarian diet, and the establishment of vegetarian restaurants aimed at improving women's social standing and providing affordable meals to poor people.

Broadbent died in 1912 after experiencing significant financial losses due to the failure of his restaurants. The financial strain contributed to a nervous breakdown, which preceded his death.

Royal Statistical Society
The Royal Statistical Society (RSS) is an established statistical society. It has three main roles: a British learned society for statistics, a professional body for statisticians and a charity which promotes statistics for the public good.
Scramdisk
Scramdisk is a free on-the-fly encryption program for Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me. A non-free version was also available for Windows NT.

The original Scramdisk is no longer maintained; its author, Shaun Hollingworth, joined Paul Le Roux (the author of E4M) to produce Scramdisk's commercial successor, DriveCrypt. The author of Scramdisk provided a driver for Windows 9x, and the author of E4M provided a driver for Windows NT, enabling cross-platform versions of both programs.

There is a new project called Scramdisk 4 Linux which provides access to Scramdisk and TrueCrypt containers. Older versions of TrueCrypt included support for Scramdisk.

Disk encryption
Disk encryption is a technology which protects information by converting it into code that cannot be deciphered easily by unauthorized people or processes. Disk encryption uses disk encryption software or hardware to encrypt every bit of data that goes on a disk or disk volume. It is used to prevent unauthorized access to data storage.

The expression full disk encryption (FDE) (or whole disk encryption) signifies that everything on the disk is encrypted, but the master boot record (MBR), or similar area of a bootable disk, with code that starts the operating system loading sequence, is not encrypted. Some hardware-based full disk encryption systems can truly encrypt an entire boot disk, including the MBR.
Persecution of Serers
The Persecution of Serers is multifaceted and includes both ethnic and religious persecution  of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania, first, by Muslims, and later by Christians. The persecution of the Serer people can be reliably traced back to the 11th century, continuing from the medieval and European colonial era, to the 19th century, and resulting in the Battle of Logandème (against French colonialism), and the Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune (against the Muslim jihads). Since the 20th century, the persecution of the Serers has been less visible; they are still the "objects of scorn and prejudice."

Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune
The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune (or Thiouthiogne), also known as the Battle of Somb or the Battle of Somb-Tioutioune, occurred on 18 July 1867. It was a religious war between the Serer people and the Muslim Marabouts in 19th-century Senegal and the Gambia, but it also had a political and economic dimension to it: vendetta and empire-building. Fandane, Thiouthioune and Somb were part of the pre-colonial Serer Kingdom of Sine, now part of independent Senegal.

The Marabouts prevailed in the early hours of the battle, but the Serer army held firm. In the latter parts of the battle, the Marabouts were defeated. Maba Diakhou Bâ was killed and his body decapitated. Damel-Teigne Lat Dior Ngoné Latyr Diop and Bourba Jolof Alboury Sainabou Njie fled. Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak was injured. Mama Gaolo Nyang was held prisoner.
Ost Autobahn
The (Austrian) Ost Autobahn A4 or "Eastern Motorway" is part of the European route E60 and goes from Vienna to the town of Nickelsdorf, on the Hungarian border.

The road begins at the A23 at the Prater junction in Vienna, travels through Simmering, Schwechat, Vienna International Airport, Fischamend, Bruck an der Leitha, Parndorf, Weiden am See and Mönchhof to the border town of Nickelsdorf. Crossing the border into Hegyeshalom, the road becomes the Hungarian M1 motorway which then continues on to Budapest. The road is 66 km long.

Autobahns of Austria
The Austrian autobahns are  controlled-access highways in Austria. They are officially called Bundesstraßen A (Bundesautobahnen) under the authority of the Federal Government according to the Austrian Federal Road Act (Bundesstraßengesetz), not to be confused with the former Bundesstraßen highways maintained by the Austrian states since 2002. The allowed topspeed is 130 km/h for cars up to 3500 kg.
Stenaelurillus pecten
Stenaelurillus pecten is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Stenaelurillus that lives in Botswana and Zambia. It was first described in 2014 by Wanda Wesołowska. The spider is small, with a brown cephalothorax between 2.3 and 3.1 mm (0.091 and 0.122 in) in length and a black abdomen between 2.2 and 3.6 mm (0.087 and 0.142 in) long. The carapace has a line of brushes around it, formed of white hair.  It is distinguished from other members of the genus by the comb-like appendage on the male's palpal bulb, after which the spider gets its name. The female has a distinctive arrangement of the copulatory openings in the epigyne.

Stenaelurillus
Stenaelurillus is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1886. Most species live in Africa, with some species found in Asia, including China. All species have two white longitudinal stripes on the carapace, and both sexes show strong bristles around the eyes.

The name is a combination of the Greek sten- "narrow" and the salticid genus Aelurillus.
NS Månedshefte
NS Månedshefte ('NS Monthly Pamphlet') was a Norwegian periodical.

It was published on a monthly basis from 1941 to 1945 by the Nazi party Nasjonal Samling (NS), which held power during the German occupation of Norway. It contained ideological topics and political commentary. It was edited by Gunnar Næss and later Einar Syvertsen.

Nasjonal Samling
The Nasjonal Samling (Norwegian: [nɑʂʊˈnɑːɫ ˈsɑ̂mlɪŋ], NS; lit. 'National Gathering') was a Norwegian far-right political party active from 1933 to 1945. It was the only legal party of Norway from 1942 to 1945. It was founded by former Minister of Defence Vidkun Quisling and a group of supporters such as Johan Bernhard Hjort – who led the party's paramilitary wing (Hirden) for a short time before leaving the party in 1937 after various internal conflicts. The party celebrated its founding on 17 May, Norway's national holiday, but was founded on 13 May 1933. Nasjonal Samling was made illegal and disbanded at the end of World War II in Europe, on 8 May 1945.
G12/G13 alpha subunits
G12/G13 alpha subunits are alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors primarily to guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Together, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of G protein alpha subunits. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP. G12/G13 are not targets of pertussis toxin or cholera toxin, as are other classes of G protein alpha subunits.

G proteins G12 and G13 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling in cells during movement and migration, including cancer cell metastasis. G13 is also essential for receptor tyrosine kinase-induced migration of fibroblast and endothelial cells.

Rho family of GTPases
The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, including yeasts and some plants. Three members of the family have been studied in detail: Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA. All G proteins are "molecular switches", and Rho proteins play a role in organelle development, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell movement, and other common cellular functions.
Poicephalus
The genus Poicephalus belongs to the subfamily Psittacinae of the true parrots (Psittacidae) and comprises ten species of parrots native to various regions of the Afrotropical realm, which encompasses Sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from Senegal in the west, Ethiopia in the east, and to South Africa in the south. Like lovebirds (Agapornis) and vasa parrots (Coracopsis), the latter being endemic to Madagascar, the Poicephalus parrots are typical specimens of Afrotropical zoogeography. Several of the species exist in slightly different forms, or subspecies.

Poicephalus parrots have been kept as pets and companion birds for centuries, the Senegal parrot perhaps being the most famous species. The trade in this species most likely began in the early 19th century, when Senegal parrots first appeared as companion birds in Europe. Alongside African grey parrots, Senegal parrots still range among the mostly frequently imported parrots from Africa.

Lovebird
Lovebird is the common name for the genus Agapornis, a small group of parrots in the Old World parrot family Psittaculidae. Of the nine extant species in the genus, all are native to the African continent, with the grey-headed lovebird being native to the African island of Madagascar. Social and affectionate, the name comes from the parrots' strong, monogamous pair bonding and the long periods which paired birds spend sitting together. Lovebirds live in small flocks and eat fruit, vegetables, grasses, and seeds. Some species are kept as pets,               and several coloured mutations have been selectively bred in aviculture. The average lifespan is 10 to 12 years.
Advanced IRB
The term Advanced IRB or A-IRB is an abbreviation of advanced internal ratings-based approach, and it refers to a set of credit risk measurement techniques proposed under Basel II capital adequacy rules for banking institutions.

Under this approach the banks are allowed to develop their own empirical model to quantify required capital for credit risk. Banks can use this approach only subject to approval from their local regulators.

Under A-IRB banks are supposed to use their own quantitative models to estimate PD (probability of default), EAD (exposure at default), LGD (loss given default) and other parameters required for calculating the RWA (risk-weighted asset). Then total required capital is calculated as a fixed percentage of the estimated RWA.

Reforms to the internal ratings-based approach to credit risk are due to be introduced under the Basel III: Finalising post-crisis reforms.

Capital requirement
A capital requirement (also known as regulatory capital, capital adequacy or capital base) is the amount of capital a bank or other financial institution has to have as required by its financial regulator. This is usually expressed as a capital adequacy ratio of equity as a percentage of risk-weighted assets. These requirements are put into place to ensure that these institutions do not take on excess leverage and risk becoming insolvent. Capital requirements govern the ratio of equity to debt, recorded on the liabilities and equity side of a firm's balance sheet. They should not be confused with reserve requirements, which govern the assets side of a bank's balance sheet—in particular, the proportion of its assets it must hold in cash or highly-liquid assets. Capital is a source of funds, not a use of funds.

From the 1880s to the end of the First World War, the capital-to-assets ratios globally declined sharply, before remaining relatively steady during the 20th century.
Men's Macau Open 2015
The Men's Macau Open 2015 is the men's edition of the 2015 Macau Open, which is a tournament of the PSA World Tour event International (Prize money: $50,000). The event took place in Macau in China from 17 September to 20 September. Max Lee won his first Macau Open trophy, beating Fares Dessouky in the final.

2015–16 PSA World Tour
The PSA World Tour 2015 is the international squash tour organised circuit organized by the Professional Squash Association (PSA) for the 2015 men's and women's squash season. The most important tournament in the series is the World Championship held in Bellevue, Washington in the United States. The tour features three categories of regular events, World Series, which feature the highest prize money and the best fields, International and Challenger.

In November 2014, the Women's Squash Association and the Professional Squash Association announced a historic merge between the two associations. A decision was reached that will see the Professional Squash Association operate as the governing body for both the women's and men's ranks from January 1, 2015.
Alabama State Route 156
State Route 156 (SR 156) is a 7.186-mile (11.565 km) state highway that serves as a connection between Jachin and Pennington in northeastern Choctaw County. SR 156 intersects SR 17 at its western terminus and SR 114 at its eastern terminus.

Alabama State Route 114
State Route 114 (SR 114) is a 14.251-mile-long (22.935 km) state highway in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. The western terminus of the highway is at an intersection with SR 10 near Lavaca, an unincorporated community approximately 11 miles (18 km) east of Butler. The eastern terminus of the highway is at an intersection with SR 69 at Myrtlewood.
NBA Jam (1993 video game)
NBA Jam is a 1993 basketball video game developed and published by Midway for arcades. It is the first entry in the NBA Jam series, and the third basketball video game released by Midway, after TV Basketball (1974) and Arch Rivals (1989). The gameplay of NBA Jam is based on Arch Rivals, which was also a 2-on-2 basketball game; however, it was the release of NBA Jam that brought mainstream success to the genre.

The release of NBA Jam popularized a subgenre of basketball based around fast action and exaggerated realism, a formula Midway later applied to the sports of ice hockey (NHL Open Ice and NHL Hitz), American football (NFL Blitz), and baseball (MLB Slugfest).

NHL Hitz 2002
NHL Hitz 2002 is an arcade-style ice hockey video game released by Midway in September 2001 for PlayStation 2 and November for GameCube and Xbox. It is the first game of the NHL Hitz series. Midway launched the game along with NFL Blitz.
Hollenberg, Netherlands
Hollenberg is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Aalten, between Aalten and Bredevoort.

Hollenberg was an execution site in the 18th century. The postal authorities have placed it under Aalten.

Aalten
Aalten (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːltə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. The former municipalities of Bredevoort (1818) and Dinxperlo (2005) have been merged with Aalten.

Notable inhabitants of Aalten include Angus Young, guitarist of the Australian rock band AC/DC, and Robert Gesink, a professional road bicycle racer.  During World War II, 51 of Aalten's 85 Jews were hidden by local non-Jews, and thereby survived the war. According to the War and Resistance Museum in Aalten, the village had the highest number of people in hiding during World War II. The village of approximately 13,000 residents hid some 2,500 people.
Monmouth Stakes
The Monmouth Stakes is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old over a distance of one and one-eighth miles on the turf held annually in late May or early June at Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport, New Jersey.  The event currently carries a purse of $150,000.

Monmouth Park Racetrack
Monmouth Park Racetrack is an American race track for thoroughbred horse racing in Oceanport, New Jersey, United States. It is owned by the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority and is operated under a five-year lease as a partnership with Darby Development, LLC.

Monmouth Park's marquee event is the Haskell Invitational, named after Amory L. Haskell. The Haskell was first run in 1968 as a handicap, but was made into an Invitational Handicap in 1981. It is now a 1+1⁄8 mi (1.8 km) test for three-year-olds run in late July. Monmouth Park also now showcases the Jersey Derby originally run at Garden State Park until its closure in 2001. The racetrack's season spans from early May to Labor Day in early September.