hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leonard Braithwaite
Leonard Austin Braithwaite CM OOnt QC (October 23, 1923 – March 28, 2012) was a Canadian lawyer and former politician in Ontario, Canada.  He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a member of the Liberal Party from 1963 to 1975.  He was the first Black Canadian to be elected to the Ontario Legislature.

Order of Ontario
The Order of Ontario (French: Ordre de l'Ontario) is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Ontario. Instituted in 1986 by Lieutenant Governor Lincoln Alexander, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier David Peterson, the civilian order is administered by the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Ontario residents for conspicuous achievements in any field.
La Chaîne Disney
La Chaîne Disney was a Canadian French-language specialty channel owned by Teletoon Canada, Inc., a subsidiary of Corus Entertainment under license from The Walt Disney Company, and launched on September 1, 2015, replacing Télétoon Rétro. It was a localized version of the U.S. subscription network Disney Channel, broadcasting live-action and animated programming aimed at children in French in Canada.

The launch of the network came alongside a licensing deal reached between Disney and Corus, who acquired Canadian rights to Disney Channel's programming library, and the announcement of a Canadian version of Disney Channel broadcasting in English that launched concurrently. Previous rightsholder DHX Media never operated any Disney Channel-branded services in English or French, and its only French-language Disney-branded property was a French-language Canadian version of the preschool children's brand Disney Junior.

Télétoon Rétro
Télétoon Rétro was a Canadian French language Category B specialty television channel that was owned by Corus Entertainment. The channel was based on the former Télétoon programming block Télétoon Retro and was dedicated to broadcasting French-dubbed animated series that had premiered on television at least 10 years prior to their airing on Télétoon Retro. Along with its English language sister station, Teletoon Retro, combined, both were available in over 9 million Canadian households as of 2013, having the most subscribers among the digital Canadian specialty channels.
Brunei and Malaysia
Brunei and Malaysia:  Why Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Refused to Join the Federation   is a 2013 book written by Isa Bin Ibrahim, a prominent member of the delegation of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin of Brunei with Neil Lawson QC, a London lawyer acting as the constitutional adviser on the formation of Malaysia. The book offers an inside perspective on Brunei's determination to retain its territory as an oil-rich self-governing state, contrasted with the British desire that Brunei should become part of the new federation to help counter the regional influence of China.

Malaysia Agreement
The Malaysia Agreement (MA63), formally known as the Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore, is a founding document which provided for the union of North Borneo (Sabah), Sarawak and Singapore with the existing states of Malaya. This new political entity was to be known as Malaysia.

Signed in London, United Kingdom, the agreement came into effect on 16 September 1963, which is now commemorated as Malaysia Day. Less than two years later, Singapore was expelled from Malaysia following political and economic disagreements, becoming a sovereign state on 9 August 1965.
Frank Giacoia
Frank Giacoia (July 6, 1924 – February 4, 1988) was an American comics artist known primarily as an inker. He sometimes worked under the name Frank Ray, and to a lesser extent Phil Zupa, and the single moniker Espoia, the latter used for collaborations with fellow inker Mike Esposito.

Inker
The inker (sometimes credited as the finisher or embellisher) is one of the two line artists in traditional American comic book production. In his seminal work Understanding Comics, cartoonist and theorist Scott McCloud categorizes the final execution of lines -- traditionally the domain of the inker -- as the "Surface" stage of the six-step creative process, noting that this is the aspect of the work most immediately apparent to the viewer.

After the penciller creates a drawing with pencil, the inker interprets this drawing by outlining and embellishing it with a pencil, an ink pen or a brush with black ink. Inking was necessary in the traditional printing process as presses could not reproduce pencilled drawings. Another specialist, the letterer, handles the "inking" of text and word balloons, while the colorist applies color to the final inked art submitted by the inker.
Eye tracking on the International Space Station
An eye-tracking device (ETD) is a headmounted device, designed for measurement of 
3D eye and head movements under experimental and natural conditions. 
The tracker permits comprehensive measurement of eye movement (three degrees of freedom) 
and optionally head movement (six degrees of freedom). It represents a tool for the investigation of sensorimotor behaviour, particularly of the vestibular and oculomotor systems in both health and disease.

Eye tracking
Eye tracking is the process of measuring either the point of gaze (where one is looking) or the motion of an eye relative to the head.  An eye tracker is a device for measuring eye positions and eye movement.  Eye trackers are used in research on the visual system, in psychology, in psycholinguistics, marketing, as an input device for human-computer interaction, and in product design. In addition, eye trackers are increasingly being used for assistive and rehabilitative applications such as controlling wheelchairs, robotic arms, and prostheses. Recently, eye tracking has been examined as a tool for the early detection of autism spectrum disorder. There are several methods for measuring eye movement, with the most popular variant using video images to extract eye position.  Other methods use search coils or are based on the electrooculogram.
ALGOL 68RS
ALGOL 68RS is the second ALGOL 68 compiler written by I. F. Currie and J. D. Morrison, at the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE).
Unlike the earlier ALGOL 68-R, it was designed to be portable, and implemented the language of the Revised Report.

Versions of ALGOL 68RS were written for the ICL 2900 Series, Multics, and VAX running VMS.

Subsequently, parts of this compiler were released into the public domain, as a translator from ALGOL 68 to C, as part of the public release of the hardware description language ELLA, also by the RSRE.

ALGOL 68-R
ALGOL 68-R was the first implementation of the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68.

In December 1968, the report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68 was published. On 20–24 July 1970 a working conference was arranged by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) to discuss the problems of implementing the language, a small team from the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE) attended to present their compiler, written by I. F. Currie, Susan G. Bond,
and J. D. Morrison. In the face of estimates of up to 100 man-years to implement the language, using multi-pass compilers with up to seven passes, they described how they had already implemented a one-pass compiler which was in production for engineering and scientific uses.
Liverpool & London & Globe Insurance
The Liverpool & London & Globe Insurance Company Limited was founded in 1836 in response to increased premiums from the London insurance companies. It expanded rapidly, at home and abroad, and after the acquisition of the London insurer, Globe Insurance, in 1864 it became the Liverpool & London & Globe Insurance Company. In 1919 it was acquired by another Liverpool firm, Royal Insurance. The enlarged entity merged with the Sun Alliance in 1996 to form the Royal & Sun Alliance Insurance Group.

RSA Insurance Group
RSA Insurance Group Limited (trading as RSA, formerly RSA Insurance Group plc and Royal and Sun Alliance) is a British multinational general insurance company headquartered in London, England. RSA has major operations in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Scandinavia and Canada. It provides insurance products and services in more than 100 countries through a network of local partners. It has 9 million customers. RSA was formed by the merger of Sun Alliance and Royal Insurance in 1996.

RSA was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Danish insurer Tryg and Canada's Intact Financial Corporation in May 2021. The transaction closed on 1 June 2021.
George Palao
George L. Palao BEM (4 October 1940, Kensington, United Kingdom - 2009, Gibraltar) was a Gibraltarian historian and potholer and illustrator. He was particularly known for his excavations and finds in many caves of Gibraltar.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Tormik Valley
Tormik is a valley in the Karakorum mountain ranges in the Roundu District District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The valley has its source at the Stak-la. Basho Valley lies to its east and Stak Valley to its west.

The valley is the second largest valley in terms of population and area, Stak Valley being the first, in the Roundu Subdivision.

The valley is well known for a beautiful and high-altitude area called Broq by the local people in Balti. Broq has green fields, clear streams, springs, and forests with various types of plants. In Broq, there's a special place for playing Polo, a traditional regional game. During the summer, people from different parts of Roundu come together in Broq to play Polo.

Roundu District
Rondu District (Urdu: ضلع روندو), also spelled Roundu District, is a district of Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region.  It is one of 14 districts of Gilgit-Baltistan. The district encompasses the entire Roundu Valley, which is the fourth-largest valley in Gilgit-Baltistan, after the Skardu, Khaplu, and Shigar valleys. The Roundu valley lies in the western part of the Baltistan Division and forms the main trade and travel route between the Baltistan Division and the Gilgit Division. The Rondu District was carved out of Skardu District in 2019.
Mazda 929
The Mazda 929 is a full-size car which was sold by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda between 1973 and 1997. Mazda used the 929 nameplate for export markets only, badge engineering its Luce model until 1991 and then transferring the name to export specification Sentia models. Between 1982 and 1986, Mazda also used the 929 nameplate on its Cosmo coupé in certain export markets.

Mazda Cosmo
The Mazda Cosmo (マツダ・コスモ, Matsuda Kosumo) is an automobile produced by Mazda from 1967 to 1995. During its production run, the Cosmo served as a "halo" vehicle for Mazda, with the first Cosmo successfully launching the Mazda Wankel engine. The final generation of the Cosmo served as Mazda's flagship vehicle in Japan, sold as the Eunos Cosmo through its luxury Eunos division in Japan.

Mazda decided on the name "cosmo", reflecting international cultural fascination with the Space Race. The company wanted to showcase the Mazda Wankel engine as forward-thinking, with focus on future developments and technology.
Sevil Gaziyeva
Sevil Hamzat gizi Gaziyeva (Azerbaijani: Sevil Həmzət qızı Qazıyeva, June 1, 1940 — September 23, 1963) was the first female mechanizator in the Azerbaijan SSR, Hero of Socialist Labor, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Photon gas
In physics, a photon gas is a gas-like collection of photons, which has many of the same properties of a conventional gas like hydrogen or neon – including pressure, temperature, and entropy. The most common example of a photon gas in equilibrium is the black-body radiation.

Photons are part of a family of particles known as bosons, particles that follow Bose–Einstein statistics and with integer spin. A gas of bosons with only one type of particle is uniquely described by three state functions such as the temperature, volume, and the number of particles. However, for a black body, the energy distribution is established by the interaction of the photons with matter, usually the walls of the container, and the number of photons is not conserved. As a result, the chemical potential of the black-body photon gas is zero at thermodynamic equilibrium. The number of state variables needed to describe a black-body state is thus reduced from three to two (e.g. temperature and volume).

Particle number
In thermodynamics, the particle number (symbol N) of a thermodynamic system is the number of constituent particles in that system. The particle number is a fundamental thermodynamic property which is conjugate to the chemical potential. Unlike most physical quantities, the particle number is a dimensionless quantity, specifically a countable quantity. It is an extensive property, as it is directly proportional to the size of the system under consideration and thus meaningful only for closed systems.

A constituent particle is one that cannot be broken into smaller pieces at the scale of energy k·T involved in the process (where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature). For example, in a thermodynamic system consisting of a piston containing water vapour, the particle number is the number of water molecules in the system. The meaning of constituent particles, and thereby of particle numbers, is thus temperature-dependent.
Fixed prosthodontics
Fixed prosthodontics is the branch of prosthodontics that focuses on dental prostheses that are permanently affixed (fixed). Crowns, bridges (fixed dentures), inlays, onlays, and veneers are some examples of indirect dental restorations. Prosthodontists are dentists who have completed training in this specialty that has been recognized by academic institutes. Fixed prosthodontics can be used to reconstruct single or many teeth, spanning tooth loss areas. The main advantages of fixed prosthodontics over direct restorations are improved strength in big restorations and the possibility to build an aesthetic-looking tooth. The concepts utilised to select the suitable repair, as with any dental restoration, include consideration of the materials to be used, the level of tooth destruction, the orientation and placement of the tooth, and the condition of neighboring teeth.

Dental restoration
Dental restoration, dental fillings, or simply fillings are treatments used to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of tooth structure lost due to decay (caries), trauma, or wear. Fillings may also be used to replace or seal tooth structure around dental implants or after more extensive procedures such as root-canal therapy. There are two broad categories of fillings: direct restorations, placed and shaped directly inside a cleaned cavity in a single dental visit, and indirect restorations (such as inlays or onlays), which are fabricated outside the mouth (often in a laboratory) and then cemented into the tooth. Materials for direct fillings commonly include amalgam (metal) or tooth-colored composite and glass-ionomer, while indirect restorations may use ceramics, metal alloys, or porcelain for greater durability and structural support.
Dagestan Campaign (1918)
The Dagestan Campaign (Turkish: Dağıstan Seferi) was a battle between the Ottoman Empire and Russia that happened right after the Battle of Baku during World War I. After the victory in Baku, Ottoman soldiers occupied the Dagestani cities of Derbent and Port-Petrovsk. However, the Ottoman Empire was defeated and the territories were seized by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Battle of Baku
The Battle of Baku (Azerbaijani: Bakı döyüşü, Turkish: Bakü Muharebesi, Russian: Битва за Баку) took place in August and September 1918 between the Ottoman–Azerbaijani coalition forces led by Nuri Pasha and Bolshevik–ARF Baku Soviet forces, later succeeded by the British–Armenian–White Russian forces led by Lionel Dunsterville, and saw Soviet Russia briefly re-enter the war. The battle took place during World War I, was a conclusive part of the Caucasus Campaign, but a beginning of the Armenian–Azerbaijani War.
André Pederneiras
Carlos André Pederneiras de Castro (born 22 March 1967) is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) and mixed martial arts (MMA) coach and promoter. A former BJJ competitor, holding today a Red and Black 7th Degree Coral belt, Pederneiras is a six-time Brazilian National jiu-jitsu champion. During his short career as an MMA fighter, he challenged Pat Miletich for the UFC Welterweight Championship in 1999, and fought at the Shooto-run Vale Tudo Japan events.

Pederneiras is the co-founder of Nova União, one of the top BJJ/MMA academy and team, acting as its leader and MMA head coach until stepping down in 2018 after 21 years. He is widely regarded as one of the best BJJ and MMA coaches in the world.

Among the numerous champions he produced, Pederneiras is best known for training José Aldo, B.J. Penn and Renan Barão who all became UFC champions. Pederneiras is also the President of Shooto Brasil, the Brazilian branch of Japanese MMA promotion Shooto.

Pat Miletich
Patrick Jay Miletich (/ˈmɪlətɪtʃ/; born March 9, 1968) is a retired American mixed martial artist and former sports commentator. He is known for his fights in the Ultimate Fighting Championship, where he became the first UFC Welterweight Champion and UFC 16 Welterweight Tournament Winner. Miletich is also known as a highly successful trainer and coach, having founded Miletich Fighting Systems. This camp is considered one of the most successful in MMA history and has produced several world champions. On July 6, 2014, he was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame.
Badaber
Badaber (Pashto: بڈھ بیر, Urdu: بڈھ بیر), alternatively spelt Badhber  is a village in Peshawar District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is located approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) south of the city of Peshawar.

Peshawar District
Peshawar District (Pashto: پېښور ولسوالۍ, Hindko: ضلع پشور‎, Urdu: ضلع پشاور‎) is a district in the Peshawar Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located about 160 km west of the Pakistan's capital Islamabad. The district headquarter is the city of Peshawar, which is also the capital of Khyber Paktunkhwa.
Ferrichrome
Ferrichrome is a cyclic hexa-peptide that forms a complex with iron atoms. It is a siderophore composed of three glycine and three modified ornithine residues with hydroxamate groups [-N(OH)C(=O)C-]. The 6 oxygen atoms from the three hydroxamate groups bind Fe(III) in near perfect octahedral coordination.

Ferrichrome was first isolated in 1952, and has been found to be produced by fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Ustilago, and Penicillium. However, at the time there was no understanding regarding its involvement and contribution to iron transport. It was not until 1957 because of Joe Neilands' work, where he first noted that Ferrichrome was able to act as an iron transport agent.

Siderophore
Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They help the organism accumulate iron. Although a widening range of siderophore functions is now being appreciated, siderophores are among the strongest (highest affinity) Fe3+ binding agents known. Phytosiderophores are siderophores produced by plants.
Newcastle General Hospital
Newcastle General Hospital (NGH) was for many years the main hospital for the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. As part of Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust moving from three to two key sites, the hospital was closed and most of the services transferred to the city's other two hospitals, the Royal Victoria Infirmary and the Freeman Hospital. The Accident and Emergency Department and Intensive Care closed on 16 November 2010. A walk-in centre for minor ailments and injuries remained on the site.

Freeman Hospital
The Freeman Hospital is an 800-bed tertiary referral centre in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The hospital is managed by the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and is a teaching hospital for Newcastle University.
Julie Ahringer
Julie Ann Ahringer FMedSci FRS is an American/British Professor of Genetics and Genomics, Director of the Gurdon Institute and a member of the Department of Genetics at the University of Cambridge.  She leads a  research lab investigating the control of gene expression.

Her laboratory carried out the first systematic inactivation of the majority of genes in an animal through constructing and screening a genome-wide RNA interference library for the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. Research in Ahringer's lab investigates the control of gene expression and genome architecture in development, using C. elegans as a model system.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Old English Latin alphabet
The Old English Latin alphabet generally consisted of about 24 letters, and was used for writing Old English from the 8th to the 12th centuries. Of these letters, most were directly adopted from the Latin alphabet, two were modified Latin letters (Æ, Ð), and two developed from the runic alphabet (Ƿ, Þ). The letters Q and Z were essentially left unused outside of foreign names from Latin and Greek. The letter J had not yet come into use. The letter K was used by some writers but not by others. W gained usage in late Old English under Norman influence, as seen towards the end of the Peterborough Chronicle manuscript, though in this period W was still a ligature and not a full-fledged letter. The manuscripts MS Harley 208, Stowe MS 57, and Cotton Titus D 18 differ in how they arrange the non-standard Old English letters (Harley has Ƿ–Ð–Æ–Þ, Stowe has Ƿ–Ð–Þ, Titus has Ƿ–Þ–Ð), but all three manuscripts place them after the standard Latin letters.

Eth
Eth (/ˈɛð/ edh, uppercase: Ð, lowercase: ð; also spelled edh or eð), known as ðæt (that) in Old English, is a letter used in Old English, Middle English, Icelandic, Faroese (in which it is called edd), and Elfdalian alphabets.

It was also used in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, but was subsequently replaced with ⟨dh⟩, and later ⟨d⟩.

It is often transliterated as ⟨d⟩.

The lowercase version has been adopted to represent a voiced dental fricative (IPA: [ð]) in the International Phonetic Alphabet.