hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David M. Apatang
David Mundo Apatang (born July 10, 1948) is a Northern Mariana Islander politician who is currently serving as the 11th governor of the Northern Mariana Islands.

He previously served as the 13th lieutenant governor of the Northern Mariana Islands from January 2023 to July 2025, and as mayor of Saipan from January 2015 to January 2023. As a Republican, Apatang used to serve in the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives. Apatang was elected lieutenant governor of the Northern Mariana Islands in the 2022 election on an independent ticket headed by Arnold Palacios. He assumed the governorship following the death of Palacios on July 23, 2025.

Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands has a self-governing government consisting of a locally elected governor, lieutenant governor and the Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature.

The current lieutenant governor is Dennis C. Mendiola, since July 23, 2025.
2015 Copa América Group C
Group C of the 2015 Copa América was one of the three groups of competing nations in the 2015 Copa América. It consisted of Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela. Group play began on 14 June 2015 and ended on 21 June 2015.

Brazil, Peru and Colombia advanced to the quarter-finals.

2015 Copa América
The 2015 Copa América was the 44th edition of the Copa América, the main international football tournament for national teams in South America, and took place in Chile between 11 June and 4 July 2015. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body.

Twelve teams competed: the ten members of CONMEBOL and two guests from CONCACAF – Mexico and Jamaica, the latter of which competed in the Copa América for the first time.

Uruguay were the defending champions, but were eliminated by the host nation Chile in the quarter-finals. Chile won their first title, defeating Argentina in the final on penalties after a goalless draw. As winners, they qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia.
Warp and weft
In the manufacture of cloth, warp and weft are the two basic components in weaving to transform thread and yarn into textile fabrics. The vertical warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a loom (frame) while the horizontal weft (also called the woof) is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread. In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a warp end; a pick is a single weft thread that crosses the warp thread (synonymous terms are fill yarn and filling yarn).

In the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution facilitated the industrialisation of the production of textile fabrics with the picking stick and the flying shuttle, the latter of which was invented by John Kay, in 1733. The mechanised power loom was patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785, which allowed sixty picks per minute.

Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for needlework. Yarn can be made of a number of natural or synthetic materials, and comes in a variety of colors and thicknesses (referred to as "weights"). Although yarn may be dyed different colours, most yarns are solid coloured with a uniform hue.
Elizabeth Jolley
Monica Elizabeth Jolley AO (4 June 1923 – 13 February 2007) was an English-born Australian writer who settled in Western Australia in the late 1950s and forged an illustrious literary career there. She was 53 when her first book was published, and she went on to publish fifteen novels (including an autobiographical trilogy), four short story collections and three non-fiction books, publishing well into her 70s and achieving significant critical acclaim. She was also a pioneer of creative writing teaching in Australia, counting many well-known writers such as Tim Winton among her students at Curtin University.

Her novels explore "alienated characters and the nature of loneliness and entrapment."

Tim Winton
Timothy John Winton AO (born 4 August 1960) is an Australian writer. He has written novels, children's books, non-fiction books, and short stories. In 1997, he was named a Living Treasure by the National Trust of Australia, and has won the Miles Franklin Award four times.
Paracoccus marginatus
Paracoccus marginatus, commonly known as the papaya mealybug, is a small sap-sucking insect in the mealybug family, Pseudococcidae. It is found on a number of different hosts, including economically important tropical fruit trees and various ornamental plants.

Mealybug
Mealybugs are insects in the family Pseudococcidae, unarmored scale insects found in moist, warm habitats. Of the more than 2,000 described species, many are considered pests as they feed on plant juices of greenhouse plants, house plants and subtropical trees and also act as a vector for several plant diseases. Some ants live in symbiotic relationships with them, protecting them from predators and feeding off the honeydew which they excrete.
Korean FA Cup
The Korea Cup (Korean: 코리아컵), formerly the Korean FA Cup, is a national football cup knockout competition of South Korea, held annually by the Korea Football Association (KFA). Before the competition was established in 1996, two similar tournaments named All Joseon Football Tournament (1921–1940) and Korean National Football Championship (1946–2000) were played. It was renamed Korea Cup in 2024, with the winners qualifying for the AFC Champions League Elite (if they finish top four in the K League 1) or the AFC Champions League Two (if they finish outside the top four in the K League 1).

Korea Football Association
The Korea Football Association (Korean: 대한축구협회) is the governing body of football and futsal within South Korea. It sanctions professional, semi-professional and amateur football in South Korea. Founded in 1933, the governing body became affiliated with FIFA twenty years later in 1948, and the Asian Football Confederation in 1954.
Hattersley loom
The Hattersley loom was developed by George Hattersley and Sons of Keighley, West Yorkshire, England.  The company had been started by Richard Hattersley after 1784, with his son, George Hattersley, later entering the business alongside him.  The company developed a number of innovative looms, of which the Hattersley Standard Loom – developed in 1921 – was a great success.

Loom
A loom is a device used to weave cloth and tapestry. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same.
San Francisco and Oakland Railroad
The San Francisco and Oakland Railroad (SF&O) was built in 1862 to provide ferry-train service from a San Francisco ferry terminal connecting with railroad service through Oakland to San Antonio. In 1868 Central Pacific Railroad decided that Oakland would be the west coast terminus of the First transcontinental railroad and bought SF&O. Beginning November 8, 1869, part of the SF&O line served as the westernmost portion of the transcontinental railroad, which was absorbed into the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) in 1885.

The track later became part of the Key System and was electrified in 1911. The system extended across the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge in 1939.

Key System
The Key System (or Key Route) was a privately owned company that provided mass transit in the cities of Oakland, Berkeley, Alameda, Emeryville, Piedmont, San Leandro, Richmond, Albany, and El Cerrito in the eastern San Francisco Bay Area from 1903 until 1960, when it was sold to a newly formed public agency, AC Transit. The Key System consisted of local streetcar and bus lines in the East Bay, and commuter rail and bus lines connecting the East Bay to San Francisco by a ferry pier on San Francisco Bay, later via the lower deck of the Bay Bridge. At its height during the 1940s, the Key System had over 66 miles (106 km) of track. The local streetcars were discontinued in 1948 and the commuter trains to San Francisco were discontinued in 1958. The Key System's territory is today served by BART and AC Transit bus service.
Gastric lymph nodes
The gastric lymph nodes are lymph nodes (also known as lymph glands) which drain the stomach and consist of two sets, superior and inferior:

The superior gastric lymph nodes (Latin: lymphoglandulæ gastricæ superiores) accompany the left gastric artery and are divisible into three groups: 
Upper, on the stem of the artery;
Lower, accompanying the descending branches of the artery along the cardiac half of the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum;
Paracardial outlying members of the gastric lymph nodes, disposed in a manner comparable to a chain of beads around the neck of the stomach. They receive their afferents from the stomach; their efferents pass to the celiac group of preaortic lymph nodes.

The inferior gastric lymph nodes (Latin: lymphoglandulæ gastricæ inferiores; right gastroepiploic lymph nodes), four to seven in number, lie between the two layers of the greater omentum along the pyloric half of the greater curvature of the stomach.

Curvatures of the stomach
The curvatures of  the stomach are the long, convex, lateral surface, and the shorter, concave, medial surface of the stomach, which are referred to as the greater and lesser curvatures, respectively. The greater curvature, which begins at the cardiac notch, and arches backwards, passing inferiorly to the left, is four or five times longer than the lesser curvature, which attaches to the hepatogastric ligament and is supplied by the left gastric artery and right gastric branch of the hepatic artery.
Ibadan Republic
The 'Ibadan Republic was a powerful Yoruba state in present-day Nigeria. It emerged in the 19th century following the collapse of the Oyo Empire. Initially a war camp in the 1820s, Ibadan evolved into a major military power after its decisive victory against the Ilorin Emirate in 1838 at the Battle of Òsogbo. This victory not only halted the Fula jihad's advance but also established Ibadan as the principal defender of the Yoruba region, propelling its imperial ambitions. Its empire however was relatively short-lived, lasting until its incorporation into British colonial Nigeria in 1893.

Yorubaland
Yorubaland (Yoruba: Ilẹ̀ Káàárọ̀-Oòjíire) is the homeland and cultural region of the Yoruba people in West Africa. It spans the modern-day countries of Nigeria, Benin and Togo, and covers a total land area of 142,114 km2 (54,871 sq mi). Of this land area, 106,016 km2 (74.6%) lies within Nigeria, 18.9% in Benin, and the remaining 6.5% is in Togo. Prior to European colonization, a portion of this area was known as Yoruba country. The geo-cultural space contains an estimated 55 million people, the majority of this population being ethnic Yoruba.
John Bowlby
Edward John Mostyn Bowlby (/ˈboʊlbi/; 26 February 1907 – 2 September 1990) was a British psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory. Bowlby was inspired by Melanie Klein during his psychoanalytic training. Melanie Klein was his supervisor; however, they had different views about the role of the mother in the treatment of a three-year-old boy. Specifically and importantly, Klein stressed the role of the child's fantasies about his mother, but Bowlby emphasised the actual history of the relationship. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Bowlby as the 49th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Melanie Klein
Melanie Klein (/klaɪn/; German: [klaɪn]; née Reizes; 30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-British author and psychoanalyst known for her work in child analysis. She was the primary figure in the development of object relations theory. Klein's work primarily focused on the role of ambivalence and moral ambiguity in human development. Klein suggested that pre-verbal existential anxiety in infancy catalyzed the formation of the unconscious, which resulted in the unconscious splitting of the world into good and bad idealizations. In her theory, how the child resolves that split depends on the constitution of the child and the character of nurturing the child experiences. The quality of resolution can inform the presence, absence, and/or type of distresses a person experiences later in life.
Josephine Reifsnyder Lustron House
The Josephine Reifsnyder Lustron House in Stillwater, Oklahoma is a historic prefabricated home. One of several Lustron houses built in Oklahoma during the post World War II housing shortage, this house is a well-preserved two-bedroom Lustron Westchester model with a detached Lustron garage.

Lustron house
Lustron houses are prefabricated enameled steel houses developed in the post-World War II era United States in response to the shortage of homes for returning G.I.s by Lustron Corporation and Chicago industrialist and inventor Carl Strandlund. Considered low-maintenance and extremely durable, they were expected to attract modern families who might not have the time for, or interest in, repairing and painting conventional wood and plaster houses. Lustron production ceased in 1950 due to the company's inability to pay back the startup loans it had received from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Over 2,000 homes were constructed during the Lustron's brief production period, and many remain in use today. Several have been added to the National Register of Historic Places.
John Egan (piper)
John Egan (1840–1897) was an Irish piper.

Egan, known as The Albino piper was a native of Dunmore, County Galway. Like his countryman Patsy Touhey, he was lefthanded. His tutor in pipe music as Liam Dáll Connolly, and his grandson, John Burke (piper).

He emigrated to the United States and spent much of his subsequent life in New York City, barring tours with John Cronan and Patsy Touhey across eastern states.

Francis O'Neill preserves a comment by Nicholas Burke  on Egan, who stated that Egan "was a grand player and very powerful in his music."

Egan died in New York in 1897.

Patsy Touhey
Patrick J. Touhey (26 February 1865 – 10 January 1923) was a celebrated player of the uilleann pipes.  His innovative technique and phrasing, his travels back and forth across America to play on the variety and vaudeville stage, and his recordings made his style influential among Irish-American pipers. He can be seen as the greatest contributor to a distinctive American piping style.

Recordings made of Tuohy in the 1900s have been digitised and made available on the ITMA website as well as the Dunn Family Collection site of the Ward Irish Music Archives.
Huoluochaideng
The Horočhaidam (Mongolian: ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠠᡳᡩᠠᠮ) or Huoluochaideng (Chinese: 霍洛柴登) city site in Hanggin Banner, Inner Mongolia, is known for the massive quantity of coins (3500 kg) that were found there. The coins included Wu Zhu cash coins from the Han dynasty as well as coinage produced under Wang Mang's Xin dynasty.

Xin dynasty
The Xin dynasty (/ʃɪn/; Chinese: 新朝; pinyin: Xīn cháo), also known as Xin Mang (新莽) in Chinese historiography, was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty which lasted from 9 to 23 AD, established by the Han dynasty consort kin Wang Mang, who usurped the throne of the Emperor Ping of Han and the infant "crown prince" Liu Ying. The Xin dynasty ruled for over a decade before it was overthrown by rebels. After Wang's death, the Han dynasty was restored by Liu Xiu, a distant descendant of the Emperor Jing of Han; therefore, the Xin dynasty is often considered an interregnum of the Han, dividing it into the Western Han and the Eastern Han.
Zytek Z11SN
The Zytek Z11SN is an LMP2-class racing car built by Zytek Engineering since 2011. Powered by a 4.5-litre Nissan V8 engine, it is an evolution of the Zytek 07S and the Zytek 09SC, updated for the new Le Mans Prototype regulations that were introduced in 2011. It was predominantly used in the European Le Mans Series and the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and a Greaves Motorsport-entered Z11SN won the LMP2 categories of both contests in 2011. In 2014, Jota Sport won the LMP2 category of the 24 Hours of Le Mans with a Z11SN.

In 2015, following Zytek's rebranding to Gibson Technology, the Z11SN was updated to the Gibson 015S.

Zytek 07S
The Zytek 07S is a sports prototype race car, designed, developed and built by British manufacturer Zytek, to compete in the LMP1 class in sports car racing, in 2007. The Zytek 07S/2 is the LMP2-class version of the same car. It is the successor of the Zytek 04S. The chassis evolved in 2009 and took the name Ginetta-Zytek GZ09S following the merger between Ginetta and Zytek who have a common shareholder in the person of Lawrence Tomlinson.
Oak Grove Cemetery (Lexington, Virginia)
The Oak Grove Cemetery, originally known as the Presbyterian Cemetery, is located on South Main Street in downtown Lexington, Virginia, less than a mile from the campuses of Washington and Lee University and the Virginia Military Institute. The cemetery was renamed in 1949 as the Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery after the Confederate general, who was buried here in 1863. The current name dates to September 3, 2020.  Also buried here are 144 Confederate veterans, two Governors of Virginia, and Margaret Junkin Preston, the "Poet Laureate of the Confederacy".

Washington and Lee University
Washington and Lee University (Washington and Lee or W&L) is a private liberal arts college in Lexington, Virginia, United States. Established in 1749 as Augusta Academy, it is among the oldest institutions of higher learning in the US.

Washington and Lee's 325-acre campus sits at the edge of Lexington and abuts the campus of the Virginia Military Institute in the Shenandoah Valley region between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains. The institution consists of three academic units: the college itself; the Williams School of Commerce, Economics, and Politics; and the School of Law. It hosts 24 intercollegiate varsity athletic teams which compete as part of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Division III).
Football at the 2019 SEA Games
Football at the 2019 SEA Games were held across three venues in the Philippines; the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Manila, Biñan Football Stadium in Biñan, Laguna, and the City of Imus Grandstand, Imus for the men's tournament. The women's tournament was held in Manila and Biñan.

Vietnam won gold in both men's and women's tournaments, beating Indonesia and Thailand respectively. The 2019 SEA Games also witnessed surprisingly amazing performances of Cambodia football.

Football at the 2019 SEA Games – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2019 SEA Games was held from November 25 to December 10, 2019 in the Philippines. All eleven Southeast Asian nations participated in the men's tournament. Matches were played in Manila, Biñan and Imus. Men's teams were restricted to under-22 players (born on or after January 1, 1997).

Thailand were the defending champions but were eliminated in the group stage. Vietnam won their first title as unified country, having won the gold medal in 1959 previously as South Vietnam.
Vilnia
The Vilnia (also Vilnelė; Belarusian: Вільня, Vilnia [ˈvʲilʲnʲa]; Polish: Wilejka, Wilenka) is a river primarily running through Eastern Lithuania. Its source is near the villages of Kiemėnai and Vindžiūnai, 6 km south of Šumskas, nearby to the A3–M7 Medininkai–Kamenny Log border crossing complexes of the Belarus–Lithuania border for approximately 12 kilometers.

Belarus–Lithuania border
The Belarus–Lithuania border is an international border almost 678.8 km (421.8 mi) in length between the Republic of Belarus (CIS member) and the Republic of Lithuania (EU member). It is an external border of the European Union as well as the western border of the Commonwealth of Independent States. 379.9 km (236.1 mi) of the border is on land, while 298.9 km (185.7 mi) are on water, crossing lakes, e.g. Lake Drūkšiai and following some rivers, e.g. Dysna River and Neman River.

In August 2022, Lithuania completed the construction of a new border barrier to stop illegal migration. On 18 January 2023, the Lithuanian government renounced the agreement signed with Belarus 16 years ago on the principles of cross-border cooperation.
Miss Universe Spain 2013
Miss Universe Spain 2013 was the first edition of the Miss Universe Spain pageant, held on 11 September 2013, selecting the Spanish representative to Miss Universe 2013 as a result of the discontinuation of the traditional Miss Spain pageant which was last held in 2011.

Beating 11 other finalists, the winner was Patricia Yurena Rodríguez, a former Miss Spain 2008 winner and Miss World 2008 semi-finalist. She eventually placed as the first runner-up at the Miss Universe 2013 pageant.

Miss Spain
The Miss Spain (Spanish: Miss España) is a national beauty pageant in Spain that selects Spanish representatives to compete in three of the big four major international beauty pageants: the Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss International competitions.
The Real Housewives of Sydney
The Real Housewives of Sydney (abbreviated RHOS) is an Australian reality television series that premiered on Arena on 26 February 2017. Developed as an international installment of the American The Real Housewives franchise and the third installment of the franchise by Matchbox Pictures, following The Real Housewives of Melbourne and The Real Housewives of Auckland. It has three seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of women living in Sydney, Australia.

The series was cancelled in 2019 following one season, however a revival was announced on 28 April 2023. New episodes premiered exclusively on streaming service Binge, and aired same-day on Arena.

The Real Housewives of Auckland
The Real Housewives of Auckland (RHOAKL) is a New Zealand high-end reality television series that premiered on Bravo on 22 August 2016.

Developed as an international installment of the American The Real Housewives franchise, it has currently aired one season and a spin-off special epipsde & focuses on the personal and professional lives of several ladies living in Auckland, New Zealand.
Suet pudding
A suet pudding is a boiled, steamed or baked pudding made with wheat flour and suet (raw, hard fat of beef or mutton found around the kidneys). It often contains breadcrumbs, dried fruits such as raisins, other preserved fruits, and spices. The British term "pudding" usually refers to a dessert or sweet course, but suet puddings may be savoury.

Many variations are strongly associated with British cuisine. Recipes vary greatly and can be desserts or savoury courses. They are typically boiled or steamed, though some baked variations and recipes adapted for microwave ovens exist. Modern recipes may substitute butter or vegetable shortening for the eponymous suet.

Examples include spotted dick, Christmas pudding, treacle pudding, clootie dumpling, jam roly-poly and many others. Savoury versions include rabbit, chicken, game and steak and kidney pudding.

The Sussex pond pudding and the Paignton pudding are local variations of suet puddings.

Christmas pudding
Christmas pudding is a sweet boiled or steamed pudding traditionally served as part of Christmas dinner in Britain. It has its origins in medieval England, with early recipes making use of dried fruit, suet, breadcrumbs, flour, eggs and spice, along with liquid such as milk or fortified wine. Later, recipes became more elaborate. In 1845, cookery writer Eliza Acton wrote the first recipe for a dish called "Christmas pudding".

The dish is sometimes known as plum pudding (though this can also refer to other kinds of boiled pudding involving dried fruit). The word "plum" was used then for what has been called a "raisin" since the 18th century, and the pudding does not contain plums in the modern sense of the word.