hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eastern Shoshone
Eastern Shoshone are Shoshone who primarily live in Wyoming and in the northeast corner of the Great Basin where Utah, Idaho and Wyoming meet and are in the  Great 
Basin classification of Indigenous People. They lived in the Rocky Mountains during the 1805 Lewis and Clark Expedition and adopted Plains horse culture in contrast to Western Shoshone that maintained a Great Basin culture.

The Eastern Shoshone primarily settled on the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming, after their leader, Washakie signed the Fort Bridger Treaty in 1868.

Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin
The Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin are Native Americans of the northern Great Basin, Snake River Plain, and upper Colorado River basin. The "Great Basin" is a cultural classification of Indigenous peoples of the Americas and a cultural region located between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, in what is now Nevada, and parts of Oregon, California, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah. The Great Basin region at the time of European contact was ~400,000 sq mi (1,000,000 km2). There is very little precipitation in the Great Basin area which affects the lifestyles and cultures of the inhabitants.
Joseph Dwyer (engineer)
Sir Joseph Anthony Dwyer (20 June 1939 – 16 October 2021) was a British civil engineer and businessman. He joined George Wimpey in 1955 and spent 44 years with the firm, becoming chief executive officer and chairman.

Dwyer was responsible for repositioning Wimpey as a housebuilder by swapping its contracting arm for Tarmac's housing division. Wimpey subsequently saw a 30-fold increase in pre-tax profits. Dwyer served as chairman of the British part of TransManche Link, which built the Channel Tunnel and, after his 1999 retirement from Wimpey, served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

In the early 2000s he was chairman of the Liverpool Vision urban regeneration company and oversaw £2 billion of capital investment in regeneration projects including refurbishments of Lime Street station and King's Dock and construction of Liverpool Arena. Dwyer was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Merseyside in 2008 and a non-executive director of Crossrail in the same year.

Tarmac (company)
Tarmac is a British building materials company headquartered in Solihull, England. The company was formed as Lafarge Tarmac in March 2013, by the merger of Anglo American's Tarmac UK and Lafarge's operations in the United Kingdom. In July 2014, Anglo American agreed to sell its stake to Lafarge, to assist Lafarge in its merger with Holcim and allay competition concerns.

Prior to 1999, Tarmac Plc was an aggregates to construction company dating from 1903. It was demerged in July 1999, with the Construction and Professional services arms forming Carillion plc. The aggregates and building materials side of the business retained the Tarmac name and was bought by Anglo American shortly afterwards.

In February 2015, Lafarge announced that the business would be sold to CRH plc, once Anglo American had sold its stake. Anglo American completed the sale in July 2015, and the acquisition by CRH completed the following month. Following the purchase, Lafarge Tarmac was rebranded as Tarmac.
Beirut Stock Exchange
The Beirut Stock Exchange (BSE; Arabic: بورصة بيروت) is the principal and only stock exchange of Lebanon. Located in Beirut, it is a public institution run by a committee including a chairman, a vice-chairman and eight members appointed via a decree issued by the Council of Ministers, in accordance with a proposal by the Minister of Finance. All BSE members are Lebanese Joint stock companies (SAL) with a capital above £L500,000 and registered at the secretariat of the Commercial Register in. Members include holding companies and offshore companies. The BSE authorizes Brokerage firms the operation and trade in securities listed on the BSE according to the Bourse trading system and also lists the issuing companies (called "Listed companies") that have any of their stocks or other financial instruments listed. In January 2024 the market value of the Exchange was 20.4 billion USD.

Broker
A broker is a person or entity that arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller. This may be done for a commission when the deal is executed. A broker who also acts as a seller or as a buyer becomes a principal party to the deal. Neither role should be confused with that of an agent—one who acts on behalf of a principal party in a deal.
Sun Haiyan
Sun Haiyan (Chinese: 孙海燕; born April 1972) is a Chinese diplomat and politician who has served as the deputy head of the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party since June 2023. She previously served as the Chinese Ambassador to Singapore from May 2022 to July 2023.

International Department of the Chinese Communist Party
The International Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, also known as the International Liaison Department (ILD), is an agency under the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in charge of establishing and maintaining relations with foreign political parties and other foreign organizations.

Established in 1951, the international department was originally tasked with overseeing relations with foreign communist parties. Under Mao Zedong's leadership, the International Department supported Maoist groups around the world. In the 1980s under Deng Xiaoping, the department started cultivating relations with non-communist parties. The department is CCP's primary body tasked with conducting diplomacy through party-to-party channels. It plays a particularly critical role in China's relations with other communist states, including North Korea and Vietnam.
Alavi Thangal
Sayyid ʿAlawī Mawlā al-Dawīlah al-Ḥusaynī (1752–1845) was a Hadrami Islamic scholar who settled at Mampuram in Kerala, India. His tomb, also located in Mampuram, is considered one of the greatest pilgrimage centers in southern India. His son was Sayyid Fadl, also known as Fazal Pookoya Thangal.

Fazal Pookoya Thangal
Habib Fazl Bin Alawi Mouladvīla Al Husayni Pasha alias Fazal Pookoya Thangal (Arabic: سيّدفضل بوكوي,Malayalam:സയ്യിദ് ഫസൽ പൂക്കോയ തങ്ങള്) (c. 1820 – 1901), also known as Sayyid Fadl and Fadl Pasha, was a Yemeni Islamic missionary and political activist who played a prominent role in the Mappila community of Kerala, India. He was the spiritual leader of Kerala Muslims as well as one of the pioneers of the Indian freedom movement.
He belonged to a family of Sayyids who traced their lineage to Ali ibn Abi Talib through Mamburam Sayyid Alavi Mouladhavila. His father was Mamburam Sayyid Alavi Thangal, a Muslim mystic and political leader who had migrated from Hadramaut in Yemen to Malabar in 1798 CE (1183 AH) to spread Islam. After his father's death in 1845 CE (1261 AH), he succeeded him as the spiritual leader of Kerala Muslims.
Chaldron
A chaldron (also chauldron or chalder) was an English measure of dry volume, mostly used for coal; the word itself is an obsolete spelling of cauldron. It was used from the 13th century onwards, nominally until 1963, when it was abolished by the Weights and Measures Act 1963, but in practice until the end of 1835, when the Weights and Measures Act 1835 specified that thenceforth coal could only be sold by weight.

Weights and Measures Acts (UK)
Weights and Measures Acts are acts of the British Parliament determining the regulation of weights and measures. It also refers to similar statutes of the kingdoms of England and Scotland and the medieval Welsh states. The earliest of these were originally untitled but were given descriptive glosses or titles based upon the monarch under whose reign they were promulgated. Several omnibus modern acts have the short title "Weights and Measures Act" and are distinguished by the year of their enactment.
Sheddy Barglan
Sheddy Ezzeldin Daldom Hamad Barglan (Arabic: شيدي عز الدين دلدوم حمد برجلان; born 3 October 2002) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Eerste Divisie club Den Bosch. Born in the Netherlands, he plays for the Sudan national team.

FC Den Bosch
FC Den Bosch (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛfˈseː dɛmˈbɔs]) is a professional football club from 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. They currently compete in the Eerste Divisie.

They were founded 18 August 1965, as FC Den Bosch/BVV. They are the successor of BVV (1906) and Wilhelmina (1890). Their stadium is called 'De Vliert', an 6,500 all-seater. Ruud van Nistelrooy started his professional career at this club. In 2005 they finished bottom of the Eredivisie and were relegated and currently compete in the Eerste Divisie.
Arjeta Puca
Arjeta Puca is an Albanian entrepreneur, engineer, and business executive, best known as the founder and chief executive of TIMAK, a manufacturer of special-purpose and defense vehicles based in Tirana, Albania.

TIMAK (Albania)
TIMAK is an Albanian machinery and superstructure company, established in 2016. The company is headquartered in Tirana and it has delivered its products in over 20 countries.

Its main production line focuses in repurposing structure to produce police cars and ambulances. It later expanded its production into military vehicles, due to a need for protected military ambulances, including those for Ukraine.

In 2024, they introduced the first MRAP vehicle from Albania named SHOTA, which was developed by women engineers, using a Ford F-550 chassis.
Santa Cruz Department
Santa Cruz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanta ˈkɾus]) is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia, occupying about one-third (33.74%) of the country's territory. With an area of 370,621 km2 (143,098 sq mi), it is slightly smaller than Japan or the US state of Montana. It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south.

In the 2024 census, it had an estimated population of 3.1 million, making it the most populated department. Its capital city is Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The department is one of the wealthiest departments in Bolivia, with huge reserves of natural gas. Besides, it has experienced the highest increase of economic growth during the last 50 years in Bolivia and South America.

Natural gas in Bolivia
Natural gas in Bolivia is one of the nation's main energy sources and export products. Bolivia's proved natural gas reserves are estimated to be 10.7 (TCF) (31 December 2017 est.). Most of these reserves are located in the eastern region of the country. The major export pipelines in Bolivia transport the gas to Argentina and Brazil.

In 1994 the natural gas sector was privatized, and it was subsequently re-nationalized in 2006 by president Evo Morales after popular protests during the 2005 Bolivian gas conflict.
Ioannis Plytzanopoulos
Ioannis Plytzanopoulos (Greek: Ιωάννης Πλυτζανόπουλος, 1888–1950s) was a colonel in the Greek Army and leading collaborationist with Nazi Germany during the Axis occupation of Greece, as overall commander of the Security Battalions in Athens.

Security Battalions
The Security Battalions (Greek: Τάγματα Ασφαλείας, romanized: Tagmata Asfaleias, derisively known as Germanotsoliades (Γερμανοτσολιάδες, meaning "German tsoliás") or Tagmatasfalites (Ταγματασφαλίτες)) were Greek right-wing collaborationist paramilitary groups, formed during the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II in order to support the German occupation troops.
Aelurillus basseleti
Aelurillus basseleti is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Aelurillus that has been found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Originally named Salticus basseleti, the spider was first identified in 1846 by Hippolyte Lucas, but the original male holotype has been lost. The female was first described in 2006. The spider is small and hard to distinguish from the related species Aelurillus luctuosus and Aelurillus monardi. The dark brown carapace is typically between 2.8 and 3.4 mm (0.11 and 0.13 in) long and the grey-yellow abdomen is between 2.3 and 4 mm (0.091 and 0.157 in) long, the female being larger than the male. The carapace has a single stripe down the middle. While the female is hard to distinguish compared to others in the genus, the male spider has distinctive white or tawny bands on the clypeus. The male has a curved embolus that is sufficiently varied between individual spiders that it is not sufficiently specific to identify the species.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
Carpophilus antiquus
Carpophilus antiquus is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in North America.

Carpophilus antiquus can synthesize a novel pheromone while feeding on wheat, yeast, or corn that attracts the same and sympatric species and lead to a beetle infestation.

Sap beetle
The sap beetles, also known as Nitidulidae, are a family of beetles.

They are small (2–6 mm) ovoid, usually dull-coloured beetles, with knobbed antennae. Some have red or yellow spots or bands. They feed mainly on decaying vegetable matter, over-ripe fruit, and sap. Some sap beetle species coexist with fungi species and live in habitats of coniferous trees. These fungi-dependent beetles are found in all across Europe and Siberia and are the biggest nitidulid species known in those areas. Other species like the Australian Chychramptodes murrayi are known to feed on scale insects. There are a few pest species, like the strawberry sap beetle that infest crops in Brazil between the months of August and February.
Ernest Anthony Kehr
Ernest Anthony Kehr (September 10, 1911 – November 13, 1986), of New York City, was a promoter and spokesman of stamp collecting, creating interest for the hobby using all media at the time, including radio, television, books, articles and newspapers columns devoted to philately; an American philatelist who was added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1975.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Minister of Health v New Clicks: in re Application for Declaratory Relief
Minister of Health & another v New Clicks SA (Pty) Ltd & others: in re Application for Declaratory Relief is an important case in South African law, with significance especially in the areas of civil procedure and constitutional law.

South African constitutional law
South African constitutional law is the area of South African law relating to the interpretation and application of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa by the country's courts. All laws of South Africa must conform with the Constitution; any laws inconsistent with the Constitution have no force or effect.
Millat FC
Millat Football Club (also known as Mumbai Millat FC) is an Indian professional football club based in Andheri-Jogeshwari, Mumbai, Maharashtra. It currently competes in the Mumbai Premier League (the top division of the Mumbai Football League).

Mumbai Football League
The Mumbai Football League, also known as the Harwood League, is organised by the Mumbai Football Association (MFA), as a ladder-based competition involving a total of five divisions and over 300 teams. It is the top football league in Mumbai and the second-oldest football league in Asia after Calcutta Football League.

The league was named after colonel Harwood who founded the Bombay Football Association and became first president.
Antonio Mabutas
Archbishop Antonio Lloren Mabutas † (13 June 1921 – 22 April 1999) was the first bishop of Diocese of Laoag and the second Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Davao. He succeeded Clovis Thibault, PME on 9 December 1972. He was also the President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines from 1981 to 1985.

Although he was considered a conservative within the Catholic Church hierarchy, Mabutas is noted to be the first Roman Catholic Archbishop to write a pastoral letter to criticize human rights violations under the Marcos dictatorship.

Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship
The dictatorship of 10th Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos in the 1970s and 1980s is historically remembered for its record of human rights abuses, particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against his dictatorship. Based on the documentation of Amnesty International, Task Force Detainees of the Philippines, and similar human rights monitoring entities, historians believe that the Marcos dictatorship was marked by 3,257 known extrajudicial killings, 35,000 documented tortures, 737 'enforced disappearances', and 70,000 incarcerations.

Some 2,520 of the 3,257 murder victims were tortured and mutilated before their bodies were dumped in various places for the public to discover - a tactic meant to sow fear among the people, which came to be known as "salvaging". Some victims were also subjected to cannibalism.
2024 Apalachee High School shooting
On September 4, 2024, a school shooting occurred at Apalachee High School near Winder, Georgia, United States. The suspect, 14-year-old Colt Gray, allegedly shot eleven people. Two students and two teachers were killed, while seven others were injured by gunfire.

Gray was taken into police custody and charged with four counts of felony murder. His father, Colin Gray, was also charged with second-degree murder and involuntary manslaughter in relation to the shooting, having bought his son the gun allegedly used in the attack.

The shooting is the deadliest school shooting in the history of Georgia.

Murder in Georgia (U.S. state) law
Murder in Georgia law constitutes the killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Georgia.

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2021, the state had a murder rate somewhat above the median for the entire country.
William Stephens (American politician)
William Dennison Stephens (December 26, 1859 – April 25, 1944) was an American federal and state politician. A three-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1911 to 1916, Stephens was the 24th governor of California from 1917 to 1923. Prior to becoming Governor, Stephens served as the 27th lieutenant governor of California from 1916 to 1917, due to the death of John Morton Eshleman, and served a brief time as Mayor of Los Angeles in 1909 due to the resignation of Arthur C. Harper. He served as the 27th Mayor of Los Angeles in 1909.

As governor, he was a Progressive who kept the reforms of his predecessor, Hiram Johnson, and remained visible throughout his governorship. He lost a bid for re-nomination in 1922 to California State Treasurer Friend William Richardson, who campaigned as a conservative.

Governor of California
The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard.

Established in the Constitution of California, the governor's responsibilities also include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and making the annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.

The governor is now limited to two terms, regardless of whether they are consecutive. The current governor of California is Democrat Gavin Newsom, who was inaugurated on January 7, 2019. Jerry Brown was the longest serving governor in Californian history, serving from 1975 until 1983, and again from 2011 until 2019.
Gerald Carter
Gerald Louis Carter (born June 19, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL), primarily for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He played college football for the  Texas A&M Aggies before being selected by Tampa Bay in the ninth round of the 1980 NFL draft. Carter played in eight NFL seasons from 1980 to 1987. His peak performance in his career came during the 1984 season with the Buccaneers, when he had 60 receoptions for 816 yards and five touchdowns.

Texas A&M Aggies football
The Texas A&M Aggies football program represents Texas A&M University in the sport of American football.  The Aggies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  Texas A&M football claims three national titles and 18 conference titles. The team plays all home games at Kyle Field, a 102,733-person capacity outdoor stadium on the university campus.
Canto di primavera
Canto di primavera (meaning 'Song of Spring') is the eighth studio album by the Italian progressive rock band, Banco del Mutuo Soccorso. The album was first released in 1979. It marked the return to lyrical songs after the instrumental album, ...di terra. The album reached to No. 36 in the Italian album chart.

Banco del Mutuo Soccorso
Banco del Mutuo Soccorso (English: Bank of Mutual Relief)  is an Italian rock band. A popular progressive rock band in the 1970s, they continued making music in the 1980s and 1990s. They were still active, playing live in 2001 and 2008 at NEARfest. Their charismatic frontman, Francesco Di Giacomo, died in 2014.
First Baptist Church (Newfane, New York)
First Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church located at Newfane in Niagara County, New York.  It is a Greek Revival style cobblestone church constructed in 1843.  It is one of approximately 47 cobblestone buildings in Niagara County.

First Baptist Church was formed in 1829, when Andrew Jackson took office as the seventh president of the United States, four years after the opening of the Erie Canal.  In 1845 the church took a courageous moral position against slavery. At that time the Fugitive Slave Act prohibited speaking against slavery or helping slaves escape.  The church did both.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

The church is part of the American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A.

Cobblestone architecture
Cobblestone architecture refers to the use of cobblestones embedded in mortar as method for erecting walls on houses and commercial buildings. It was frequently used in the northeastern United States and upper Midwest in the early 19th century; the greatest concentration of surviving cobblestone buildings is in New York State, generally near the historic Erie Canal or connecting canals.