hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay
Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) is a diagnostic approach that detects sperm abnormality with a large extent of DNA fragmentation. First described by Evenson in 1980, the assay is a flow cytometric test that detects the vulnerability of sperm DNA to acid-induced denaturation DNA in situ. SCSA measures sperm DNA fragmentation attributed to intrinsic and extrinsic factors and reports the degree of fragmentation in terms of DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI). The use of SCSA expands from evaluation of male infertility and subfertility, toxicology studies and evaluation of quality of laboratory semen samples. Notably, SCSA outcompetes other convention sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) assays such as TUNEL and COMET in terms of efficiency, objectivity, and repeatability.

DNA fragmentation
DNA fragmentation is the separation or breaking of DNA strands into pieces. It can be done intentionally by laboratory personnel or by cells, or can occur spontaneously. Spontaneous or accidental DNA fragmentation is fragmentation that gradually accumulates in a cell. It can be measured by e.g. the comet assay or by the TUNEL assay.

Its main units of measurement is the DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI). A DFI of 20% or more significantly reduces the success rates after ICSI.

DNA fragmentation was first documented by Williamson in 1970 when he observed discrete oligomeric fragments occurring during cell death in primary neonatal liver cultures. He described the cytoplasmic DNA isolated from mouse liver cells after culture as characterized by DNA fragments with a molecular weight consisting of multiples of 135 kDa. This finding was consistent with the hypothesis that these DNA fragments were a specific degradation product of nuclear DNA.
Latvia national futsal team
The Latvian national futsal team is governed by the Latvian Football Federation, the governing body for futsal in Latvia and represents the country in international futsal competitions, such as the World Cup and the European Championships.

Latvia will make their international futsal debut at the UEFA Futsal Euro in 2026 as co-host alongside Lithuania national futsal team.

The president of the Latvian Football Federation, Vadims Ļašenko, also played for the Latvia national futsal team for several years, making 42 appearances.

Lithuania national futsal team
The Lithuania national futsal team is controlled by the Lithuanian Football Federation, the governing body for futsal in Lithuania and represents the country in international futsal competitions, such as the World Cup and the European Championships.

Lithuania has made their FIFA Futsal World Cup debut in 2021 as tournament hosts. They also will make their UEFA Futsal Euro debut in 2026 as tournament co-host alongside Latvia.
Police misconduct
Police misconduct is inappropriate conduct and illegal actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties. Types of misconduct include among others: sexual offences, coerced false confession, intimidation, false arrest, false imprisonment, falsification of evidence, spoliation of evidence, police perjury, witness tampering, police brutality, police corruption, racial profiling, unwarranted surveillance, unwarranted searches, and unwarranted seizure of property.

Police perjury
In criminal law, police perjury, sometimes informally called "testilying", is the act of a police officer knowingly giving false testimony. It is typically used in a criminal trial to "make the case" against defendants believed by the police to be guilty when irregularities during the suspects' arrest or search threaten to result in their acquittal. It also can be extended to encompass substantive misstatements of fact to convict those whom the police believe to be guilty, procedural misstatements to "justify" a search and seizure, or even the inclusion of statements to frame an innocent citizen. More generically, it has been said to be "[l]ying under oath, especially by a police officer, to help get a conviction."
Transkei Defence Force
The Transkei Defence Force (TDF) was established during March 1981, from the 141 Battalion of the South African Defence Force (SADF). It was the defence force of the Republic of Transkei, a nominally independent bantustan during the Apartheid era of South Africa.

South African Defence Force
The South African Defence Force (SADF) (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag) comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1957 until 1994. Shortly before the state reconstituted itself as a republic in 1961, the former Union Defence Force was officially succeeded by the SADF, which was established by the Defence Act (No. 44) of 1957. The SADF, in turn, was superseded by the South African National Defence Force in 1994.
Lolwah Al-Khater
Lolwah Rashid Mohammed Al-Khater (Arabic: لؤلؤة الخاطر) (born in Doha, Qatar) is the Qatari Minister of Education and Higher Education since 12 November 2024. She is a diplomat, who was the first Qatari woman to hold the position of Spokesperson for the Qatari Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Assistant Foreign Minister of Qatar. Between March 2023 and November 2024, she had served as Minister of State for International Cooperation at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Qatar)
Qatar's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Arabic: وزارة الخارجية) is a cabinet ministry of the Qatari government responsible for managing the country's foreign relations, and for proposing its foreign policy to the emir and following up on its implementation upon his approval. It is currently led by Minister of Foreign Affairs Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, who also serves as the nation's Prime Minister.
Vanja Brčić
Vanja Brčić is a Croatian amateur astronomer.

He is an IT specialist who runs a computer company and is involved in robotics. He was also a collaborator on the robotic telescope in Višnjan.

Together with Željko Anderić, Korado Korlević, Damir Matković, and Petar Radovan, Brčić contributed to the revival of the observatory in Višnjan after the crisis following the breakup of Yugoslavia.

The Minor Planet Center credits him with the discovery of two asteroids in 1995, both discovered in collaboration with Korado Korlević.

Korado Korlević
Korado Korlević (born 19 September 1958 in Poreč) is a Croatian teacher and prolific amateur astronomer, who ranks among the world's top 20 discoverers of minor planets. As of 2016, he is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of 1162 numbered minor planets he made at Višnjan Observatory during 1996–2001. In addition, he is credited with the co-discovery of another 132 minor planets. His discoveries include the slowly-rotating outer main-belt asteroid 10415 Mali Lošinj, and 10645 Brač, a member of the Eunomia family of asteroids. He has also discovered two comets, namely 183P/Korlević-Jurić and 203P/Korlević.
VMI–William & Mary football rivalry
The VMI–William & Mary football rivalry  between the VMI Keydets and the William & Mary Tribe is a match-up between two historic public universities, the Virginia Military Institute and the College of William and Mary, in the state of Virginia. While the rivalry has lost intensity since William & Mary departed from the Southern Conference in 1977, the Tribe and Keydets maintain the series through frequent non-conference match-ups. The series is the second-longest for William & Mary (after the Capital Cup  with Richmond), and the longest for VMI at 88 games.
The football series began in 1905 and has been played a total of 89 times as of 2024.

William & Mary Tribe football
The William & Mary Tribe are a college football team representing the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. William & Mary competes in CAA Football, a single-sport NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision conference operated by the Tribe's primary athletic home of the Coastal Athletic Association. They are currently coached by Mike London. He succeeds Jimmye Laycock, who was the head coach of the Tribe for 39 years.

In 2008, William & Mary opened the Jimmye Laycock Football Center, housing the Tribe locker room, football players' classroom study sessions and tape review rooms.

The College of William & Mary has transitioned through several official nicknames since its athletic program began in 1893. From 1893 to 1916, William & Mary football players were known as the Orange and White because those were the old official school colors. From 1916 to 1977, all William & Mary athletes were known as the Indians. Since 1978, they have been known as the Tribe.
Delta Bessborough
The Delta Hotels Bessborough, formerly and commonly known as the Bessborough (/ˈbɛsbəroʊ/), is a historic hotel in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The hotel is within the Central Business District, a commercial district in Saskatoon. The Bessborough was designed by Archibald and Schofield for Canadian National Hotels, a division of Canadian National Railway.

Opened in 1935, the Châteauesque-styled building is 58.5-metre-tall (192 ft), containing 10 floors. The building is considered one of Canada's grand railway hotels. After its completion, the building was the tallest building in Saskatoon, until the nearby Marquis Tower was completed in 1966. The hotel is owned by Leadon Investment Inc., although it is managed by Delta Hotels, a hotel chain brand of Marriott International.

Grand railway hotels of Canada
Canada's grand railway hotels are a series of railway hotels across the country, each a local and national landmark, and most of which are icons of Canadian history and architecture; some are considered to be the grand hotels of the British Empire. Each hotel was originally built by the Canadian railway companies, or the railways acted as a catalyst for the hotel's construction. The hotels were designed to serve the passengers of the country's then expanding rail network, and they celebrated rail travel in style.
Orange Blossom Express
The Orange Blossom Express is a proposed 36-mile (58 km) commuter rail system in the Central Florida (Orlando) area. It would connect Eustis, Tavares, Mount Dora, Apopka, and downtown Orlando. In Orlando, connections would be available to both Amtrak and SunRail trains. The line is currently owned by the Florida Central Railroad, which transports freight along the line.

SunRail
SunRail (reporting mark CFRC) is a commuter rail system in the Greater Orlando, Florida, area. Services began on May 1, 2014. The system comprises 17 stations along a former CSX Transportation line connecting Volusia County and Osceola County through Downtown Orlando. The SunRail system is financed by the state and federal governments and the counties it serves. SunRail is Florida's second commuter rail system after South Florida's Tri-Rail.

A southern extension to Poinciana via Kissimmee, with four additional stations, opened on July 30, 2018. On August 12, 2024, SunRail started a new service to DeLand as part of the northern extension.

In 2025, the line had a ridership of 1,215,400, or about 4,900 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Jubilate Deo (Britten)
Benjamin Britten's Jubilate Deo is a sacred choral setting of Psalm 100 in English, written in 1961 for St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, "at the request of H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh". Britten scored the joyful music in C major for four-part choir and organ. A late companion piece to his 1934 Te Deum in C, it is also known as his Jubilate in C. It has been performed and recorded often, including on Prince Philip's 80th and 90th birthdays, and for his funeral service on 17 April 2021.

C major
C major is a major scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. C major is one of the most common keys used in music. Its key signature has  no flats or sharps. Its relative minor is A minor and its parallel minor is C minor.

The C major scale is:

These are less common and mostly used in jazz. Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

On the piano, the C major scale can be played by playing only the white keys starting on C.
Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 274
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 274 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Berks and Lancaster Counties in Pennsylvania in the United States providing hunting, bird watching, and other activities.

Pennsylvania State Game Lands
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands (SGL) are lands managed by the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) for hunting, trapping, and fishing. These lands, often not usable for farming or development, are donated to the PGC or purchased by the PGC with hunting license money.

The Pennsylvania Game Commission runs a monthly publication called the Pennsylvania Game News. This publication features financial and legislative updates from the PGC, stories, and monthly Field Notes submitted by the Wildlife Conservation Officers of the Pennsylvania Game Commission.
Gronau, Lower Saxony
Gronau (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁoːnaʊ] ⓘ) is a town and a municipality in the district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the River Leine, approximately 15 km southwest of Hildesheim, and 35 km south of Hanover. Since 1 November 2016, the former municipalities Banteln, Betheln, Brüggen, Despetal and Rheden are part of the municipality Gronau.

Gronau is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") of Leinebergland.

Hildesheim
Hildesheim is a city in Lower Saxony, north-central Germany. With a population of over 100,000, it is located southeast of Hanover on the Innerste river, a tributary of the Leine.

The first settlement was created in 815 by Emperor Louis the Pious, who established the Diocese of Hildesheim. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, and in 2015 the city and diocese celebrated their 1200th anniversary.
KBox (exercise equipment)
kBox is a line of flywheel-based resistance training devices manufactured by the Swedish company Exxentric.

The device uses the inertia of a spinning flywheel to provide variable resistance that varies according to the user's force output during the concentric (lifting/pulling) and eccentric (lowering/return) phases of an exercise, rather than relying on gravity and free weights.

The kBox has been described in sports media as a Swedish-developed flywheel training device used by professional football clubs and athletes. The device has also been used as exercise equipment in scientific studies on flywheel training and test–retest reliability.

Flywheel training
Flywheel training is a method of strength training where the resistance required for muscle activation is generated by the inertia of a flywheel instead of gravity, as in traditional weight training.

In contrast to weight training, flywheel training offers variable resistance throughout the range of motion, which facilitates isoinertial training and eccentric overload. Flywheel training is shown to lead to improvements of strength and power, hypertrophy, muscle activation, muscle length, and tendon stiffness. This in turn can improve athletic performance in speed, jump height, change of direction and resilience to injury.
Hunter 27 Edge
The Hunter 27 Edge is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed in 2006 by the Hunter Design Team as a hybrid motorsailer and first built in 2008.

The design was sold by the manufacturer under the marketing name TheEDGE, but is now usually referred to as the Hunter 27 Edge.

Trailer sailer
A trailer sailer is a keelboat that is big enough to accommodate crew for a weekend cruise, yet small enough to be launched, rigged, and recovered single-handed. It is also relatively easy to haul on a trailer behind a car, which requires low displacement and a shallow draft.

Although many small yachts can in principle be moved on a trailer, not all qualify as trailer sailers. The term is generally reserved for cabin sailboats intended for regular ramp launching. It does not apply to dinghies or small open keelboats under about 19 feet, since these are almost always easy to tow due to their characteristic light weight and shallow draft.
2019 Copa América Group A
Group A of the 2019 Copa América took place from 14 to 22 June 2019. The group consisted of Bolivia, hosts Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela.

Brazil and Venezuela as the top two teams, along with Peru as one of the two best third-placed teams, advanced to the quarter-finals.

2019 Copa América
The 2019 Copa América was the 46th edition of the Copa América, the international men's association football championship organized by South America's football ruling body CONMEBOL. It was held in Brazil and took place between 14 June and 7 July 2019 at 6 venues across the country. This was the first time since 1991 where no CONCACAF nation took part in the tournament.

Heading into the tournament, Chile were the two-time defending champions, having won the 2015 and 2016 editions of the tournament, but were eliminated by Peru in the semi-finals leading to the third place match against Argentina, which they also lost.

Host nation Brazil won their ninth title by defeating Peru 3–1 in the final. Argentina took third place by beating Chile 2–1 in the third-place match.
National Benefit Authority
National Benefit Authority (NBA) is the largest Disability Tax Credit service provider in Canada, and a founding member of the Association of Canadian Disability Benefit Professionals (ACDBP). Based in Toronto, National Benefit Authority assists clients across Canada in applying for the credit in exchange for a 30% share of the credit. NBA has supported over 40,000 successful applications.

The company was founded by Akiva Medjuck, who saw firsthand what it was like to deal with physical challenges, from relatives coping with disabilities, including a brother and a sister, both born deaf.

Disability Tax Credit
The Disability Tax Credit (DTC) is a non-refundable tax credit in Canada for individuals who have a severe and prolonged impairment in physical or mental function. An impairment qualifies as prolonged if it is expected to or has lasted at least 12 months. The DTC is required in order to qualify for the Registered Disability Savings Plan, the working income tax benefit, and the child disability benefit. Families using a Henson trust, the Canada Disability Child Benefit other estate planning methods for children with Disabilities are not excluded from the DTC. While the credit is valuable, many have found qualifying for it challenging.
Iago's manipulativeness and character
Iago is a major character in William Shakespeare's 1603 play Othello. His role is one of Othello's outwardly loyal courtier and friend, who in fact hates him and schemes his downfall. He also manipulates his friends and master into doing his bidding, eventually persuading Othello to believe that his wife, Desdemona, has been having an affair, resulting in Othello killing her in a jealous rage.

Iago's character and his techniques of illicit manipulation have fascinated scholars since the character's inception, as has his refusal to say why he seeks to destroy Othello.

Desdemona
Desdemona (/ˌdɛzdəˈmoʊnə/) is a character in William Shakespeare's play Othello (c. 1601–1604). Shakespeare's Desdemona is a Venetian beauty who enrages and disappoints her father, a Venetian senator, when she elopes with Othello, a Moorish Venetian military prodigy. When her husband is deployed to Cyprus in the service of the Republic of Venice, Desdemona accompanies him. There, her husband is manipulated by his ensign Iago into believing she is an adulteress, and, in the last act, she is murdered by her estranged spouse.
Nuestra Visión
Nuestra Visión (translation: Our Vision) is an American Spanish language free-to-air television network, owned by Publicidad y Contenido Editorial S.A. de C.V. a subsidiary of América Móvil. The network launched on November 21, 2017 and is available in select markets across the United States.

The network primarily features Mexican movies from the golden age of Mexican cinema to recent productions. Programming also includes live sporting events as well as special events, such as concerts, interviews with top-tier celebrities, series and music clips. It also airs daily newscasts and sportscasts produced live through companies owned by América Móvil, UNO TV and Claro Sports.

América Móvil
América Móvil, S.A.B. de C.V. is a Mexican telecommunications corporation headquartered in Mexico City, Mexico. It is the 7th largest mobile network operator in the world in terms of equity subscribers, as well as one of the largest corporations in the world. América Móvil is a Forbes Global 2000 company. As of 31 December 2023, América Móvil had 310.1 million wireless subscribers, and 73.7 million fixed revenue generating units ("RGUs", consisting of fixed voice, fixed data and Pay TV units).
Marius Moutet
Marius Moutet (19 April 1876 – 29 October 1968) was a French Socialist diplomat and colonial adviser. An expert in colonial issues, he served as Minister of the Colonies for four terms in the 1930s and 1940s and was president of the General council of the Drôme department after the war until 1951. He was sympathetic to Ho Chi Minh and advocated the independence of Vietnam. At the age of 92, Moutet was the oldest member of the Senate of France and the French Assembly.

Minister of the Overseas
The Minister of the Overseas (French: Ministre des Outre-mer) is the official in charge of the Ministry of the Overseas in the Government of the French Republic, responsible for overseeing Overseas France. The office was titled Minister of the Colonies (Ministre des Colonies) until 1946.

The position is currently held by Naïma Moutchou in the government of Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu with the title of Minister to the Prime Minister, in charge of the Overseas (Ministre auprès du Premier ministre, chargé des Outre-mer). She succeeded Manuel Valls on 12 October 2025.
Rpath
In computer science, rpath designates the run-time search path hard-coded in an executable file or library. Dynamic linking loaders use the rpath to find required libraries.

Specifically, it encodes a path to shared libraries into the header of an executable (or another shared library).  This RPATH header value (so named in the Executable and Linkable Format header standards) may either override or supplement the system default dynamic linking search paths.

The rpath of an executable or shared library is an optional entry in the .dynamic section of the ELF executable or shared libraries, with the type DT_RPATH, called the DT_RPATH attribute. It can be stored there at link time by the linker. Tools such as chrpath and patchelf can create or modify the entry later.

Dynamic linker
A dynamic linker is an operating system feature that loads and links dynamic libraries for an executable at runtime, before or while it is running. Although the details vary by operating system, typically, a dynamic linker copies the content of each library from persistent storage to RAM, fills jump tables and relocates pointers.

Linking is often referred to as a process that is performed when the executable is compiled, while a dynamic linker is a special part of an operating system that loads external shared libraries into a running process and then binds those shared libraries dynamically to the running process. This approach is also called dynamic linking or late linking.