hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Durocortorum
Durocortorum was the name of the city of Reims during the Roman era. It was the capital of the Remi tribe and the second largest city in Roman Gaul.

Before the Roman conquest of northern Gaul, the city was founded circa 80 BC and was the capital of the tribe of the Remi. In the course of Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul (58–51 BC), the Remi allied themselves with the Romans, and, by their fidelity throughout the various Gallic insurrections, secured the special favour of imperial power. At its height in Roman times the city had a population in the range of 30,000 – 50,000 or perhaps up to 100,000, and was an important node in the road system of Gallia Belgica. After the installation of Magnus Maximus in Augusta Treverorum, Durocortorum was renamed Metropolis Civitas Remorum, and no longer served as the capital of Gallia Belgica although it remained the capital of Belgica Secunda.

Oppidum
An oppidum (pl.: oppida) is a large fortified Iron Age settlement or town. Oppida are primarily associated with the Celtic late La Tène culture, emerging during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, spread across Europe, stretching from Britain and Iberia in the west to the edge of the Hungarian Plain in the east. These settlements continued to be used until the Romans conquered Southern and Western Europe. Many subsequently became Roman-era towns and cities, whilst others were abandoned. In regions north of the rivers Danube and Rhine, such as most of Germania, where the populations remained independent from Rome, oppida continued to be used into the 1st century AD.
Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority
The Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority (also known as the Peace Bridge Authority and the Public Bridge Authority) is the agency established to regulate the Peace Bridge, which crosses the Canada–United States border. This bridge is designed to handle vehicle traffic between Buffalo in the American state of New York and Fort Erie in the Canadian province of Ontario.

The authority is a bi-national agency, incorporated as both a Class D public benefit corporation in the State of New York and a Crown corporation federally in Canada, governed under the terms of an agreement between New York and the Canadian federal government.

Thousand Islands Bridge
The Thousand Islands International Bridge (French: Pont des Mille-îles) is an American-maintained international bridge system over the Saint Lawrence River connecting northern New York in the United States with southeastern Ontario in Canada. Constructed in 1937, with additions in 1959, the bridges span the Canada–US border in the middle of the Thousand Islands region. All bridges in the system carry two lanes of traffic, one in each direction, with pedestrian sidewalks.
Maserati Levante
The Maserati Levante (Tipo M161) is an executive crossover SUV produced by Italian manufacturer Maserati at the Mirafiori factory in Turin from 2016. The Levante went on sale in Europe in May 2016, and in North America in September 2016. Production of the Levante ended in 2024, commemorated with the release of a top-spec 424BHP special edition.

The Levante was named after a warm, easterly wind that blows in the western Mediterranean Sea, southern France, down to the Strait of Gibraltar. The name of the wind, in turn, comes from the Latin word "levare", which means "to rise". Its design is based on the Kubang concept car that debuted at the 2011 Frankfurt Auto Show.

Maserati
Maserati S.p.A. (Italian: [mazeˈraːti]) is an Italian luxury car manufacturer. Established on 1 December 1914 in Bologna, Italy, the company's headquarters are now in Modena, and its emblem is a trident. The company has been owned by Stellantis since 2021.
Bradley Grace
Bradley James Grace (born 1982) is an Irish-American musician, singer, and songwriter. He is best-known as the former bassist for American metalcore band Poison the Well, and was the longest-tenured bassist in the band's history, having joined in 2006 before departing in 2023. For the three years preceding this, he was the band's guitar tech.

Poison the Well (band)
Poison the Well is an American  metalcore band from Miami, Florida, who were originally active between 1997 and 2010. Lead guitarist Ryan Primack and drummer Chris Hornbrook are the only remaining founding members (though both left for various stints in the late 1990s), with long-serving vocalist Jeffrey Moreira being featured on all five of their studio albums. The band reformed for numerous shows in 2015, and again in both 2016 and 2020; they have since reunited permanently and will release their first studio album in 17 years, Peace in Place, in 2026. Their albums have sold a combined total of over 300,000 copies in the United States as of 2012.
Janina, Łódź Voivodeship
Janina [jaˈɲina] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bełchatów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Bełchatów and 49 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Bełchatów
Gmina Bełchatów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Bełchatów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 179.89 square kilometres (69.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,306.
A419 road
The A419 road is a primary route between Chiseldon near Swindon at junction 15 of the M4 with the A346 road, and Whitminster in Gloucestershire, England near the M5 motorway. The A419 is managed and maintained by a private company, Road Management Group, on behalf of the UK Department for Transport.

Cricklade
Cricklade is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in north Wiltshire, England, midway between Swindon and Cirencester. It is the first downstream town on the Thames. The parish population at the 2011 census was 4,227.
Shoot the Moon (EP)
Shoot the Moon is the fourth EP by the American punk rock band Pinhead Gunpowder. It was released on March 30, 1999 through Adeline Records. It was re-released on CD and vinyl through Recess Records on February 12, 2010. It was re-leased on vinyl in 2022 by 1, 2, 3, 4 Go! Records.

Pinhead Gunpowder
Pinhead Gunpowder is an American punk rock band that formed in the East Bay area of California, in 1991. The band currently consists of Aaron Cometbus (drums, lyrics), Bill Schneider (bass), Billie Joe Armstrong (guitar, vocals) and Jason White (guitar, vocals). The band's name comes from a brand of "high octane" green tea served at the Arcata co-op that was discovered by Aaron Cometbus during one of his many dumpster diving adventures.
Dayforce
Dayforce, Inc., formerly Ceridian, is an American human resources software and services company.

Dayforce is also the name of its cloud human capital management (HCM) platform, which covers the full suite of human capital management software, including payroll, tax filing, benefits, HR, talent intelligence, workforce management, and recruiting technology.

It was publicly listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange until February 2026, when the investment firm Thoma Bravo completed the purchase of the company for approximately US$12.3 billion.

Thoma Bravo
Thoma Bravo, LP is an American private equity and growth capital firm based in Chicago, Illinois. It is known for being particularly active in acquiring enterprise software companies and has over $130 billion in assets under management as of 2023.

It is the successor to the firm Golder Thoma & Co., which was established in 1980 by Stanley Golder and Carl Thoma. Thoma Bravo is led by managing partners Seth Boro, Orlando Bravo, Scott Crabill, Lee Mitchell, Holden Spaht and Carl Thoma.

The company focuses on the application, infrastructure and cybersecurity software and technology-enabled business service sectors, and uses a "consolidation" or "buy and build" investment strategy.
Hugh White (RAF officer)
Air Vice-Marshal Hugh Granville White, CB, CBE, MIMechE (1 March 1898 – 23 September 1983) was a Royal Air Force air officer. He was a First World War flying ace credited with seven aerial victories, and later went on to serve throughout the Second World War, finally retiring in 1955.

No. 1 School of Technical Training RAF
No. 1 School of Technical Training (No. 1 S of TT) is the Royal Air Force's aircraft engineering school.  It was based at RAF Halton from 1919 to 1993, as the Home of the Aircraft Apprentice scheme.  The Aircraft Apprentice scheme trained young men in the mechanical trades for aircraft maintenance, the graduates of which were the best trained technicians in the RAF and would usually progress to Senior NCO ranks. However, ninety one ex-apprentices went on to achieve Air Rank.  Many more became commissioned officers, including Sir Frank Whittle "father of the jet engine", who completed his apprenticeship at RAF Cranwell, before the move to RAF Halton. Graduates of the Aircraft Apprentice scheme at RAF Halton are known as Old Haltonians.
Zynaps
Zynaps is a side-scrolling shoot 'em up video game published by Hewson Consultants for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC and Commodore 64 in 1987 and for the Atari ST in 1988 and the Amiga.

It was authored by Dominic Robinson, John Cumming and Stephen Crow, with music by Steve Turner. The graphics for the Atari ST and Amiga versions were developed by Pete Lyon.

Dominic Robinson and Steve Turner had previously worked on the ZX Spectrum version of Uridium.

Stephen Crow
Stephen Crow (also known as Stephen J. Crow, Steve Crow, and Steve J. Crow) is a game programmer who worked in the 1980s on the ZX Spectrum platform, programming for companies such as Hewson Consultants and Bubble Bus Software. He also worked with members of the Graftgold team. In 2007 he was the lead artist working for the now-defunct Monkeytropolis.
Young Zaphod Plays It Safe
"Young Zaphod Plays It Safe" is a short story by Douglas Adams set in his The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy universe.   It is included with several collections but has never been released as a standalone work. It first appeared in The Utterly Utterly Merry Comic Relief Christmas Book (1986) which Adams also co-edited. A slightly revised version appeared in the 1996 anthology The Wizards of Odd, edited by Peter Haining. The story then appeared (though not always the revised version) in some omnibus editions of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, as well as the Adams retrospective The Salmon of Doubt, and the 2013 anthology The Time Traveler's Almanac.

The Wizards of Odd
The Wizards of Odd is a 1996 English compilation book of humorous short stories by many great writers in the science-fiction/fantasy genre. The stories were compiled by Peter Haining. The book is separated into three sections: Wizards and Wotsits: Stories of Cosmic Absurdity, Swords and Sorcery: Tales of Heroic Fantasy, and Astronauts and Aliens: Space Opera Yarns.
Potsdam, New York
Potsdam is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The town population was 8,162 at the 2024 census. When the State University of New York at Potsdam and Clarkson University are in session, the population increases by approximately 8,000 students. The town is named after the city of Potsdam in Germany.

The town of Potsdam also contains a village named Potsdam.  Potsdam is centrally located within the county and northeast of Canton, the county seat.

St. Lawrence County, New York
St. Lawrence County is the northernmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,505. The county seat is Canton.
The county is named for the Saint Lawrence River. This was as named by early French explorer Jacques Cartier for the Christian saint Lawrence of Rome, as he visited the river on the saint's feast day. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

St. Lawrence County comprises the Ogdensburg-Massena, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area and is New York's largest county by area.
Ranchi Diaries
Ranchi Diaries  (2017) is a Hindi film directed by the Sattwik Mohanty. The film has been produced by Anupam Kher under the banner Actor Prepares and Rashmin Majithia under the banner Coconut Motion Pictures. The cast includes Himansh Kohli, Taaha Shah, Soundarya Sharma, Jimmy Shergill, Satish Kaushik, Anupam Kher and Pitobash Tripathy.

Coconut Motion Pictures
Coconut Motion Pictures is an Indian film production, distribution and marketing company established by Rashmin Majithia.

The company has ventures in the exhibition sector, having eight cinema properties in Gujarat.
Shakedown Street
Shakedown Street is the tenth studio album (fifteenth overall) by rock band the Grateful Dead, released November 8, 1978, by Arista Records. The album came just over a year after previous studio album Terrapin Station. It was the final album for Keith and Donna Jean Godchaux, who left the band a few months after its release. The record was produced by Lowell George (of Little Feat) and John Kahn.

Keith Godchaux
Keith Richard Godchaux (July 19, 1948 – July 23, 1980) was an American pianist best known for his tenure in the rock group the Grateful Dead from 1971 to 1979. Following their departure from the Dead, he and his wife Donna formed the Heart of Gold Band in 1980, but Godchaux died from injuries sustained in a car accident shortly after their first concert.
Harrison B. Brown House
The Harrison Bird Brown House is an historic house at 400 Danforth Street in the West End of Portland, Maine, United States.  It was built in 1861 for Harrison Bird Brown (1831–1915), one of Maine's best-known painters of the late 19th century, and was his home and studio until 1892.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Harrison Bird Brown
Harrison Bird Brown (1831–1915) was an American painter. He was born in Portland, Maine and died in London, England. He was known primarily for his painting of marine life and White Mountain landscapes. Assistance from art critic and patron John Neal made Brown Portland's most successful artist of the nineteenth century. Brown helped establish the Portland Society of Art and served as one of its first presidents.

His work was exhibited at the National Academy of Design from 1858 to 1875. More recently his work has been exhibited at the Portland Museum of Art, Colby College Museum of Art and Bowdoin College Museum of Art. He was particularly well known for two paintings of Crawford Notch in the White Mountains which were produced in 1890.

In 1892, he moved to London to live with his only surviving child, a daughter. He died there in 1915.
Hadrut Province
Hadrut Province (Armenian: Հադրութի շրջան) was a province of the Republic of Artsakh. The provincial capital was Hadrut city. The last governor was Valery Gevorkian. The province was captured by the armed forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.

It consisted of most of the Jabrayil District, the western part of the Fuzuli District as well as the southwestern part of the Khojavend District.

Jabrayil District
Jabrayil District (Azerbaijani: Cəbrayıl rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the south-west of the country and belongs to the East Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khojavend, Fuzuli, Qubadli, Zangilan, and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Its capital is Jabrayil, however since the city is completely ruined following its occupation by ethnic Armenian forces, the current de facto capital is Jojug Marjanly until Jabrayil is rebuilt. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 81,700.
Yi Yuan Mansion
The Yi Yuan Mansion or Maxing Chen Yi-Yuan Family Mansion (traditional Chinese: 馬興陳宅; simplified Chinese: 马兴陈宅; pinyin: Mǎxìng Chén Zhái) is a historical house in Xiushui Township, Changhua County, Taiwan. It is the largest old mansion in the county.

Changhua County
Changhua (Wade-Giles: Chang¹-hua⁴) is a county of Taiwan, that is the smallest on the main island of Taiwan by area, and the fourth smallest in the country. With a total population of 1.24 million, Changhua County is the most populous county in the Republic of China. Its capital is Changhua City and it is part of the Taichung–Changhua metropolitan area.
Allotropes of carbon
Carbon is capable of forming many allotropes (structurally different forms of the same element) due to its valency (tetravalent). Well-known forms of carbon include diamond and graphite. In recent decades, many more allotropes have been discovered and researched, including ball shapes such as buckminsterfullerene and sheets such as graphene. Larger-scale structures of carbon include nanotubes, nanobuds and nanoribbons. Other unusual forms of carbon exist at very high temperatures or extreme pressures. Around 500 hypothetical 3‑periodic allotropes of carbon are known at the present time, according to the Samara Carbon Allotrope Database (SACADA).

Carbon nanobud
In nanotechnology, a carbon nanobud is a material that combines carbon nanotubes and spheroidal fullerenes, both allotropes of carbon, forming "buds" attached to the tubes. Carbon nanobuds were discovered and synthesized in 2006.

In this material, fullerenes are bonded with covalent bonds to the outer sidewalls of the underlying nanotube. Consequently, nanobuds exhibit properties of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. The mechanical properties and the electrical conductivity of the nanobuds are similar to those of carbon nanotubes.

Canatu Oy, a Finnish company, claims the intellectual property rights for nanobuds, its synthesis processes, and several applications.
California State Route 29
State Route 29 (SR 29) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that travels from Interstate 80 in Vallejo north to State Route 20 in Upper Lake. It serves as the primary road through the Napa Valley, providing access to the Lake County region to the north and the rest of the San Francisco Bay Area to the south.

Vallejo, California
Vallejo (/vəˈleɪ(h)oʊ/ və-LAY-(h)oh; Spanish pronunciation: [baˈʎexo] ⓘ) is a city in Solano County, California, United States, and the second largest city in the North Bay region of the Bay Area. Located on the shores of San Pablo Bay, the city had a population of 126,090 at the 2020 United States census. Vallejo is home to the California Maritime Academy, Touro University California and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom.

Vallejo is named after Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, the famed Californio general and statesman. The city was founded in 1851 on General Vallejo's Rancho Suscol to serve as the capital city of California, which it was from 1852 to 1853, after which the Californian government moved to neighboring Benicia, named in honor of Vallejo's wife Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo. The Mare Island Naval Shipyard was founded in 1854, and defined Vallejo's economy until the turn of the 21st century.
Leontios of Neapolis
Leontios (Greek: Λεόντιος Νεαπόλεως) was a bishop of Neapolis (Limassol) in Cyprus in the 7th century. He wrote a Life of John the Merciful, commissioned by the archbishop of Constantia Arcadius; a Life of Simeon the Holy Fool; a lost Life of Spyridon, an apologia against the Jews and another apologia in defence of icons. His apologia in defence of the icons was read by the bishop of Constantia, Constantine II at the Second Council of Nicaea that focused on the Byzantine Iconoclasm. His works are considered among the few giving any insight into the vernacular Greek of Early and Middle Byzantium. He was probably present at the Lateran council in Rome in 649. His work was translated in Latin and published in Patrologia Graeca. He is also credited with a Dialogue with a Jew, containing a defense of the Christian veneration of images, fragments of which are quoted in the treatise On the Holy Images of John Damascene and in the Acts of the Council of Nicea of 787.

Simeon the Holy Fool
Simeon the Holy Fool (Abba Simeon, Saint Simeon Salos or Saint Simeon Salus, Greek: Συμεών (ὁ διὰ τὸν Χριστόν) Σαλός) was a Christian monk, hermit and saint of Byzantine-Syrian origin, who lived in the sixth century AD. He is venerated by the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church as one of the first "fools for Christ". It is claimed that he simulated madness in order not to be venerated for his social deeds, dragging a dead dog around, throwing nuts at women, and generally acting like an imbecile.
2026 CFL season
The 2026 CFL season is scheduled to be the 72nd season of modern professional Canadian football. Officially, it would be the 68th season of the Canadian Football League. Calgary is scheduled to host the 113th Grey Cup on November 15, 2026. The regular season will start on June 4 and end on October 24.

113th Grey Cup
The 113th Grey Cup will be played to decide the Canadian Football League (CFL) championship for the 2026 season. The game is scheduled to be played on November 15, 2026, at McMahon Stadium in Calgary, Alberta. It will be the sixth time that Calgary has hosted the Grey Cup, with the most recent being in 2019. The game will be televised in Canada nationally on TSN and RDS.
ST-X Ensemble
The ST-X Ensemble is an American ensemble dedicated to performing the music of Iannis Xenakis. It was formed in New York City in 1994 by the conductor Charles Zachary Bornstein, who had served as an assistant conductor to Leopold Stokowski, and was the last private student of the Austrian musical conductor Hans Swarowsky. He formed the music to promote performances of Xenakis's music in the United States after learning that most of the performances of that composer's music took place outside the United States.

The ensemble has released CDs on the Mode and Asphodel labels. It has collaborated with DJ Spooky.

DJ Spooky
Paul Dennis Miller (born September 6, 1970), known professionally as DJ Spooky, That Subliminal Kid, is an American electronic and experimental hip hop musician whose work is often called by critics "illbient" or "trip hop". He is a turntablist, record producer, philosopher, and author. He borrowed his stage name from the character The Subliminal Kid in the novel Nova Express by William S. Burroughs. Having studied philosophy and French literature at Bowdoin College, he has become a professor of Music Mediated Art at the European Graduate School and is the executive editor of Origin magazine.
Academy of Persian Language and Literature
The Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) (Persian: فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی, Farhangestân-e Zabân-o Adab-e Fârsi) is the regulatory body for the Persian language, headquartered in Tehran, Iran. Formerly known as the Academy of Iran (فرهنگستان ایران, Farhangestân-e Iran), it was founded on 20 May 1935, by the initiative of Reza Shah, the first shah of the Pahlavi dynasty. The academy acts as the official authority on the language, and contributes to linguistic research on Persian and other languages of Iran.

Muhammadjon Shakuri
Muhammadjon Shakuri (Tajik: Муҳаммадҷон Шакурӣ, Persian: محمدجان شکوری; February 1925, in Bukhara – September 16, 2012, in Dushanbe), also known as Muhammad Sharifovich Shukurov, was a prominent Tajik intellectual and one of the notable literary figures of the Persian language of the 20th century. From the late 1980s, during glasnost, he cultivated an interest in the theory of modern Tajik culture, and he published copiously on the issues of the history and contemporary conditions of the Tajik language, literature, and culture during the independence period after 1991.

Among his main works is a Tajiki-Persian dictionary. He also had a significant role in preserving Tajik identity.