hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sprotte
The Sprotte is a left tributary of the Pleiße in East Thuringia, Germany.

The headwaters of the river come from three source streams, which begin west of Crimmitschau and are as follows:

The Western Sprotte, whose source is near Rückersdorf

The Middle Heukewalder Sprotte, which begins near Nischwitz

The Eastern Mannichswalder Sprotte

The western branch flows northwest and meets with the Heukewalder Sprotte near Vollmershain.  Between Posterstein and Nöbdenitz these flow into the Eastern Sprotte. Then the Sprotte flows northeast through the municipality of Nöbdenitz, then further through the city of Schmölln to Saara, where it meets the Pleiße.

The river is 25 km long (Mannichswalder Sprotte).  The Sprotte river valley partly follows the rail line from Gera to Altenburg as well as the Bundesstraße 7.

From its source to its mouth, the Sprotte travels 120 meters downhill (from 315 to 195 m above sea level).

Pleiße
The Pleiße (German pronunciation: [ˈplaɪsə] ⓘ) is a river of Saxony and Thuringia, Germany. It flows from south to north into the White Elster in Leipzig. Originally, its natural length was 115 km (71 mi); however, south of Leipzig, it has been straightened, which shortened it to around 90 km (56 mi).

The river is well accessible via the Pleiße cycle path.

The name Pleiße is of old Sorbian origin and means: "the swamp-forming water". It gave its name to the Pleissnerland (Plisni) on its lower reaches, which was important in the Middle Ages.
Aboriginal title in California
Aboriginal title in California refers to the aboriginal title land rights of the indigenous peoples of California. The state is unique in that no Native American tribe in California is the counterparty to a ratified federal treaty. Therefore, all the Indian reservations in the state were created by federal statute or executive order.

California has experienced less possessory land claim litigation than other states. This is primarily the result of the Land Claims Act of 1851 (following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) that required all claims deriving from the Spanish and Mexican governments to be filed within two years. Three U.S. Supreme Court decisions and one Ninth Circuit ruling have held that the Land Claims Act applied to aboriginal title, and thus extinguished all aboriginal title in the state (as no tribes filed claims under the Act). Two Deputy Attorneys General of California have advocated this view.

California Land Act of 1851
The California Land Act of 1851 (9 Stat. 631), enacted following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the admission of California as a state in 1850, established the California State Lands Commission to determine the validity of prior Spanish and Mexican land grants. It required landowners who claimed title under the Mexican government to file their claim with a commission within two years. Contrary to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which guaranteed full protection of all property rights for Mexican citizens, it placed the burden on landholders to prove their title.

While the commission eventually confirmed 604 of the 813 claims, almost all of the claims went to court and resulted in protracted litigation. The expense of the long court battles required many land holders to sell portions of the property or even trade it in payment for legal services. A few cases were litigated into the 1940s.
Bramming–Tønder railway line
The Bramming–Tønder railway line (Danish: Bramming-Tønder-banen) is a 67.9 kilometres (42.2 mi) long railway line in Denmark which runs through the historical region of Southern Jutland between Bramming and the German border just south of Tønder. The standard gauge railway line is single track and unelectrified.

The railway line is historically a part of the Marsh Railway (German: Marschbahn), the through route along the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein from the city of Elmshorn to Bramming. Today, the line continues to the German border just south of Tønder, where it connects to the rump section of the Marsh railway and the German railway network.

Marsh Railway
The Marsh Railway (German: Marschbahn) is a main line in the state of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany that links the stations of Elmshorn in the south and Westerland on the island of Sylt in the north. It is part of 237 km (147 mi) long route from Hamburg-Altona to Westerland (Sylt) and is listed in the Deutsche Bahn timetables as Kursbuchstrecke 130. The first part of it was opened in 1845 and is one of the oldest lines in Germany.
Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial
The Celestial Sphere (also known as the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Sphere) is an armillary sphere artpiece situated in the Palais des Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, one of the four headquarters of the United Nations. It was donated in 1939 by the Woodrow Wilson Foundation to what was then the League of Nations building. It is today a symbol of Geneva International and of Geneva as the centre of dialogue and peace.

The grounds of the Palais des Nations (seat of the United Nations Office at Geneva) contain many fine objects donated by member states of the United Nations, private sponsors and artists. One of them is the huge—over four-meter-diameter—Celestial Sphere is the chef d'oeuvre of the American sculptor Paul Manship (1885–1966) located in the Ariana Park of the Palais des Nations.

Palace of Nations
The Palace of Nations (French: Palais des Nations, pronounced [palɛ de nɑsjɔ̃]) is the home of the United Nations Office at Geneva, located in Geneva, Switzerland.  It was built between 1929 and 1938 to serve as the headquarters of the League of Nations. It has served as the home of the United Nations Office at Geneva since 1946 when the secretary-general of the United Nations signed a Headquarters Agreement with the Swiss authorities, although Switzerland did not become a member of the United Nations until 2002.

In 2012, the Palace of Nations hosted more than 10,000 intergovernmental meetings.
Health-EU portal
Health-EU portal is an official web portal of the Health and Consumers Directorate-General that facilities the access of public-related health information to European Union citizens.

The main objective of this thematic Portal is to provide European citizens with easy access to comprehensive information on Public Health initiatives and programmes at EU level. The portal is intended to help meet EU objectives in the Public Health field, it is an important instrument to positively influence behaviour and promote the steady improvement of public health in the 27 EU Member States.

Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety
The Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE), until 2014 known as the Directorate-General for Health and Consumers (DG SANCO), is a directorate-general of the European Commission. The DG is responsible for the monitoring and implementation of European Union policies and laws on health and food safety. It is headed by European Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare Olivér Várhelyi and Director-General Sandra Gallina.
2017 United States state legislative elections
The 2017 United States state legislative elections were held on November 7, 2017. Three legislative chambers in two states held regularly scheduled elections. These off-year elections coincided with other state and local elections, including gubernatorial elections in two states.

Democrats won control of the Washington Senate through a special election for a seat previously held by a Republican, ending Republican-led coalition control there. Meanwhile, in regularly scheduled elections, Democrats maintained control of the New Jersey legislature and narrowed Republican control of the Virginia House of Delegates.

2017 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 7, 2017, in two states: Virginia and New Jersey. These elections formed part of the 2017 United States elections. The last regular gubernatorial elections for these two states were in 2013. Both incumbents were term-limited, so both seats were open. Democrats held the governorship in Virginia and picked up the governorship of New Jersey.

For the first time since 2008, Democrats won the total popular vote of the year's gubernatorial elections.
Louisiana Highway 3
Louisiana Highway 3 (LA 3) is a state highway located in Bossier Parish, Louisiana.  It runs 35.71 miles (57.47 km) in a north–south direction from the junction of Interstate 20 (I-20), U.S. Highway 71 (US 71), and LA 72 in Bossier City to the Arkansas state line north of Plain Dealing.

LA 3 connects Bossier City, the largest city in Bossier Parish, with the town of Benton, the parish seat.  Apart from the interchange with I-20 and US 71 at its southern terminus, LA 3 also connects to I-220, the northern bypass of Shreveport and Bossier City.  North of Benton, LA 3 passes through Plain Dealing, where it intersects LA 2, Louisiana's northernmost cross-state route.

U.S. Route 71 in Louisiana
U.S. Route 71 is a major north-south United States highway than runs from US 190 near Krotz Springs, Louisiana to Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge in International Falls, Minnesota at the Canada–United States border. In the U.S. state of Louisiana, US 71 begins at an interchange with US 190 west of Krotz Springs, then travels in a mostly northwestern direction to the Arkansas state line just north of Ida, serving the major cities of Alexandria, Bossier City, and Shreveport.

With the advent of the Interstate Highway System, US 71 in Louisiana has been largely superseded by I-49, with most of US 71 running parallel to I-49. US 71 intersects I-49 three times in Louisiana: twice in Alexandria and once near Hosston. Additionally, US 71 briefly overlaps I-20 through Bossier City and Shreveport. The section of US 71 from LA 170 in Gilliam to LA 2 east in Hosston forms part of the Boom or Bust Byway, a Louisiana Scenic Byway.
Female infertility
Female infertility refers to infertility in women, which is the inability to conceive after sexual intercourse.  It affects an estimated 48 million women, globally.

Female infertility varies widely by region, The highest rates of female infertility are found in Eastern Europe and South Central Asia, followed by South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Middle East and North Africa. Female infertility rates are lowest in East Asia and Latin America.

Fertility is affected by a variety of factors, including hormones, nutritional status, disease, and malformations of the uterus. Infertility affects women from around the world, and the social stigmas affecting infertile women may vary from region to region.

Fertilisation
Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring. While processes such as insemination or pollination, which happen before the fusion of gametes, are also sometimes informally referred to as fertilisation, these are technically separate processes. The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction. During double fertilisation in angiosperms, the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation.
Drug Court of New South Wales
The Drug Court of New South Wales is an inferior court constituted as a court of record within the Australian court hierarchy with its jurisdiction limited to New South Wales, Australia. It is a specialist court that deals with criminal offences in which the defendant has an addiction to illicit drugs. The Court exercises both local and district court jurisdiction and has a similar status to the District Court of New South Wales.

Established pursuant to the Drug Court Act 1998 (NSW), the Court was the first drug court of its type in Australia.

Local Court of New South Wales
The Local Court of New South Wales is the lowest court in the judicial hierarchy of the Australian state of New South Wales. Formerly known as the Court of Petty Sessions and the Magistrates Court, there are more than 160 branches across New South Wales where the Local Court has jurisdiction to deal with the majority of minor civil and criminal matters.
Oberbettingen
Oberbettingen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Gerolstein
Gerolstein (German pronunciation: [ˈɡeːʁɔlˌʃtaɪn] ⓘ) is a town in the Vulkaneifel district of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Gerolstein is a local municipality of the Verbandsgemeinde Gerolstein. It has been approved as a Luftkurort (spa town).
Giovanni Battista Rinuccini
Giovanni Battista Rinuccini (1592–1653) was an Italian Roman Catholic archbishop in the mid-seventeenth century. He was a noted legal scholar and became chamberlain to Pope Gregory XV. In 1625 Pope Urban VIII made him the Archbishop of Fermo in Italy. In 1645 Pope Innocent X sent him to Ireland as Papal Nuncio. He brought money and weapons to help the Confederate Irish in its conflict against the English Parliamentarians. Rinuccini became the dominant figure of the hard-line Clerical Faction of the Confederates refusing the alliance with the Irish Royalists.

Pope Urban VIII
Pope Urban VIII (Latin: Urbanus VIII; Italian: Urbano VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death, in July 1644. As pope, he expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts, commissioning works from artists like Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and a reformer of Church missions. His papacy also covered 21 years of the Thirty Years' War.

The massive debts incurred during his pontificate greatly weakened his successors, who were unable to maintain the papacy's longstanding political and military influence in Europe. He was also an opponent of Copernicanism and was involved in the Galileo affair, which saw the astronomer tried for heresy. He is the last pope to date to take the papal name Urban.
Nepotism
Nepotism is the act of granting an advantage, privilege, or position to relatives in an occupation or field. These fields can include business, politics, academia, entertainment, sports, religion or health care. In concept, it is similar to cronyism.

The term originated with the assignment of nephews, sons, or other relatives to important positions by Catholic popes and bishops. Nepotism has been criticized since ancient history by philosophers, including Aristotle, Valluvar, and Confucius, condemning it as both evil and unwise.

Cronyism
Cronyism is awarding positions, jobs, contracts, loans, privileges, or advantages to friends or colleagues. It is used especially in politics, when referring to partiality between politicians and businesses. A person who supports or partakes in cronyism is referred to as a crony, cronie, or cronyist.

Cronyism occurs when appointing "cronies" to positions of authority regardless of their qualifications. This is in contrast to a meritocracy, in which appointments are made based on merit. Politically, "cronyism" is derogatorily used to imply buying and selling favors, such as votes in legislative bodies, doing favors to organizations, or giving desirable ambassadorships to exotic places.
Andrew Huberman
Andrew David Huberman (born September 26, 1975) is an American neuroscientist and podcaster. He is an associate professor of neurobiology and ophthalmology at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He has been the host of the popular health and science focused podcast Huberman Lab since 2021. He has drawn criticism from scientists for promoting dietary supplements and for making poorly evidenced health claims.

Huberman is the son of Argentine physicist Bernardo Huberman. He earned a B.A. in psychology from UC Santa Barbara in 1998, an M.A. in psychology from UC Berkeley in 2000, and a Ph.D. in neuroscience from UC Davis in 2004. Huberman conducted postdoctoral research at Stanford under Ben Barres, focusing on the visual system, and held faculty positions at UC San Diego and later Stanford, where his lab studies vision regeneration, stress mitigation, and non-pharmacological interventions for anxiety.

Ben Barres
Benjamin Barres (born Barbara A. Barres, September 13, 1954 – December 27, 2017) was an American neurobiologist at Stanford University. His research focused on the interaction between neurons and glial cells in the nervous system. Beginning in 2008, he was chair of the Neurobiology Department at Stanford University School of Medicine. He transitioned to male in 1997, and became the first openly transgender scientist in the National Academy of Sciences in 2013. Barres is also known for his pioneering activism for equal opportunity in science, often citing his experiences as both a male and female scientist.
Grigorchuk group
In the mathematical area of group theory, the Grigorchuk group or the first Grigorchuk group is a finitely generated group constructed by Rostislav Grigorchuk that provided the first example of a finitely generated group of intermediate (that is, faster than polynomial but slower than exponential) growth. The group was originally constructed by Grigorchuk in a 1980 paper and he then proved in a 1984 paper that this group has intermediate growth, thus providing an answer to an important open problem posed by John Milnor in 1968. The Grigorchuk group remains a key object of study in geometric group theory, particularly in the study of the so-called branch groups and automata groups, and it has important connections with the theory of iterated monodromy groups.

Finitely generated group
In algebra, a finitely generated group is a group G that has some finite generating set S so that every element of G can be written as the combination (under the group operation) of finitely many elements of  S and of inverses of such elements.

By definition, every finite group is finitely generated, since S can be taken to be G itself. Every infinite finitely generated group must be countable but countable groups need not be finitely generated. The additive group of rational numbers Q is an example of a countable group that is not finitely generated.
Chevrolet TrailBlazer (SUV)
The Chevrolet TrailBlazer (also known as Trailblazer) is a mid-size SUV produced by Chevrolet, a division of General Motors. The nameplate was first used in North America from 2001 to 2008; in 2009, it was replaced by the Traverse, as a crossover SUV. In 2011, production of a newly redesigned version of the Trailblazer for the Asian and Brazilian markets began.

Chevrolet Traverse
The Chevrolet Traverse is a full-size crossover SUV with three-row seating built by General Motors produced since the 2009 model year. It is built on the same platform as the GMC Acadia and Buick Enclave, known as the Lambda platform for the first generation, and the C1XX for the second generation. It also shares the C1XX platform with the Cadillac XT6. It is the successor to the TrailBlazer body-on-frame SUV and the Uplander minivan.

The second-generation model debuted in showrooms in the middle of 2017. Starting with the 2019 model year, the Traverse was slotted above the new mid-size Chevrolet Blazer as part of Chevrolet's plans to expand its SUV lineup.

The Traverse name was originally used for a concept car at the 2003 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, but that concept gave way when the Equinox launched for the 2005 model year.
North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners v. FTC
North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners v. Federal Trade Commission, 574 U.S. 494 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case on the scope of immunity from US antitrust law. The Supreme Court held that a state occupational licensing board that was primarily composed of persons active in the market it regulates has immunity from antitrust law only when it is actively supervised by the state. The North Carolina Board of Dental Examiners had relied on the Parker immunity doctrine, established by the Supreme Court case Parker v. Brown, which held that actions by state governments acting in their sovereignty did not violate antitrust law.

Parker v. Brown
Parker v. Brown, 317 U.S. 341 (1943), was a United States Supreme Court case on the scope of United States antitrust law. It held that actions taken by state governments were exempt from the scope of the Sherman Act.

The case was an appeal from a decree of a district court of three judges enjoining the enforcement, against the appellee, of a marketing program adopted pursuant to the California Agricultural Prorate Act.

The case led to the Parker immunity doctrine. The Supreme Court clarified its position in later judgments.
Kamir
Kamir, also known as khamir or samir (Javanese: ꦏꦩꦶꦂ, romanized: kamir; Pegon: كامير) is a round-shaped bread that almost similar to apem or pancake, consists of flour, butter, and egg mixture, sometimes mixed with other fillings ingredients such as banana, tapai, strawberry, pineapple, jackfruit, cheese, and chocolate.

This bread is known in Arab-Javanese community in Indonesia, especially Pemalang Regency, Central Java.

Appam
An appam or aappam is a type of thin pancake in South Indian cuisine. It is made with fermented rice batter and coconut milk, traditionally cooked in an appachatti, a deep pan similar in shape to a wok. It is a popular dish in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala and in Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, they are typically known as hoppers. Appams are most frequently served for breakfast or dinner, often with a side dish such as a vegetable or egg curry.
Brunstane railway station
Brunstane is a railway station on the Borders Railway, which runs between Edinburgh Waverley and Tweedbank. The station, situated 3 miles 72 chains (6 km) south-east of Edinburgh Waverley, serves the suburbs of Brunstane and Portobello in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by ScotRail.

Tweedbank railway station
Tweedbank is a railway station on the Borders Railway, which runs between Edinburgh Waverley and Tweedbank. The station, situated 35 miles 34 chains (57 km) south-east of Edinburgh Waverley, serves the village of Tweedbank in Scottish Borders, Scotland. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by ScotRail.
Private Times...and the Whole 9!
Private Times...and the Whole 9! is the second album by American R&B recording artist  Al B. Sure!, released on October 16, 1990, under Uptown Records with distribution handled by Warner Bros. Records. It was the final album by Sure! to be released under Uptown Records, and the second after In Effect Mode not to be distributed under Uptown's parent company MCA Records.

In Effect Mode
In Effect Mode is the debut album by Al B. Sure!. It was released on May 3, 1988, on Uptown Records with distribution handled by Warner Bros. Records. It was one of two albums by Sure! that was released under Uptown that were not issued under its parent company MCA Records.
Julio Iglesias Puga
Julio Iglesias Puga (25 July 1915 – 19 December 2005) was a Spanish gynecologist. He was the father of singer Julio Iglesias and grandfather of singers Enrique Iglesias and Julio Iglesias Jr. and socialite Chabeli Iglesias. Julio Sr. was nicknamed Papuchi, meaning "Daddy".

He helped to found the Madrid Maternity Clinic and became the head of its sterility, infertility and family planning unit.

Chabeli Iglesias
María Isabel "Chábeli" Iglesias Preysler (born 3 September 1971) is a Spanish journalist and socialite. She is the daughter of Spanish singer Julio Iglesias and Spanish-Filipina socialite Isabel Preysler, and the older sister of singers Julio Iglesias Jr. and Enrique Iglesias.