hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Avery Dunning
Charles Avery Dunning PC (July 31, 1885 – October 1, 1958) was the third premier of Saskatchewan. Born in England, he emigrated to Canada at the age of 16.  By the age of 36, he was premier. He had a successful career as a farmer, businessman, and politician, both provincially and federally.

A Liberal, Dunning led his government in one general election, in 1925, winning a majority government. He was the third of six Liberal premiers to date.  He resigned as Premier in 1926 to enter federal politics and was succeeded by James Gardiner. He served in the Cabinet of Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King.

After leaving politics, Dunning served for many years as the Chancellor of Queen's University at Kingston.

Premier of Saskatchewan
The premier of Saskatchewan is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The current premier of Saskatchewan is Scott Moe, who was sworn in as premier on February 2, 2018, after winning the 2018 Saskatchewan Party leadership election. The first premier of Saskatchewan was Liberal Thomas Walter Scott, who served from 1905 to 1916. Since Saskatchewan was created as a province in 1905, 15 individuals have served as premier.
Atatürk's Main Principles
Atatürk's Principles consist of six principles that determine the pragmatic policies of Turkey's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, which he put into effect under his administration. These principles came to be the fundamental pillars of the Republican People's Party, the founding and sole party of the country, on 13 May 1935. Later, the principles were added to the 1924 Constitution with a law enacted in 1937 and thus became the national ideology of Turkey with this practice.

Kemalism
Kemalism (Turkish: Kemalizm, also archaically Kamâlizm) or Atatürkism (Atatürkçülük) is a political ideology based on the ideas of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first president of the Republic of Türkiye. Its symbol is the Six Arrows (Altı Ok).

Atatürk's Turkey was defined by sweeping political, social, cultural, and religious reforms designed to separate the Republican state from its Ottoman predecessor and embrace a Western lifestyle, including the establishment of secularism/laicism, state support of the sciences, gender equality, economic statism and more. Most of those policies were first introduced to and implemented in Turkey during Atatürk's presidency through his reforms.
Anilio, Ioannina
Anilio (Greek: Ανήλιο, Aromanian: Kiare) is a village and a community of the Metsovo municipality. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Metsovo, of which it is a municipal district. The 2021 census recorded 548 residents in Anilio. The community of Anilio covers an area of 42.637 km2. Anilio is located close to Metsovo.

Metsovo
Metsovo (Greek: Μέτσοβο; Aromanian: Aminciu) is a town in Epirus, in the mountains of Pindus in northern Greece, between Ioannina to the west and Meteora to the east.

The largest centre of Aromanian (Vlach) life in Greece, Metsovo is a large regional hub for several small villages and settlements in the Pindus region, and it features many shops, schools, offices, services, museums, and galleries. The economy of Metsovo is dominated by agriculture and tourism, the latter flourishing in winter.

Metsovo is served by Greek National Road 6 (Ioannina – Trikala) and by the A2 motorway.
Tinga Tinga Tales
Tinga Tinga Tales is an animated children's television series based on African folk tales and aimed generally at 4 to 6-year-olds that ran for two seasons (2011–2012). It was commissioned by the BBC for its CBeebies channel. Named after Tingatinga art from Tanzania, Tinga Tinga Tales was produced in Nairobi, Kenya, by Homeboyz Animation and its music produced by Kenyan singer-songwriter Eric Wainaina. The series comprises 55 episodes.

The series was first conceived by Claudia Lloyd, head of the animation division at the London-based Tiger Aspect Productions, while travelling through Africa. The first three episodes premiered on the BBC website in February 2010. The distribution rights were bought by Entertainment Rights, which in 2009 merged with Classic Media. In 2012 Classic Media was acquired by DreamWorks Animation and renamed DreamWorks Classics).

DreamWorks Classics
Classic Media, LLC, trading as DreamWorks Classics, is an American entertainment company owned by DreamWorks Animation, a subsidiary of Universal Pictures, a division of NBCUniversal, which in turn is a subsidiary of Comcast. Founded in 2000 by Eric Ellenbogen and John Engelman, the studio's library consists of acquired intellectual property catalogs and character brands, as well as the licensing rights for various third-party properties. In 2012, Boomerang Media sold Classic Media to DreamWorks Animation, and began trading under the name DreamWorks Classics (the legal name is still Classic Media, LLC). DreamWorks Animation became a subsidiary of NBCUniversal in 2016.
Flat spot (reflection seismology)
In reflection seismology, a flat spot is a seismic attribute anomaly that appears as a horizontal reflector cutting across the stratigraphy elsewhere present on the seismic image.  Its appearance can indicate the presence of hydrocarbons.  Therefore, it is known as a direct hydrocarbon indicator and is used by geophysicists in hydrocarbon exploration.

Reflection seismology
Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator. Reflection seismology is similar to sonar and echolocation.
Cold Spring River
The Cold Spring River is a 3.9-mile-long (6.3 km) mountain stream in Rockingham County in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is a tributary of the German River, the principal source of the North Fork Shenandoah River. Via the Shenandoah River, the Cold Spring River is part of the Potomac River watershed.

Shenandoah River
The Shenandoah River /ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/ is the principal tributary of the Potomac River, 55.6 miles (89.5 km) long with two forks approximately 100 miles (160 km) long each, in the U.S. states of Virginia and West Virginia. The river and its tributaries drain the central and lower Shenandoah Valley and the Page Valley in the Appalachians on the west side of the Blue Ridge Mountains, in northwestern Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia. There is a hydroelectric plant along the Shenandoah River constructed in 2014 by Dominion.
Lock Upp
Lock Upp: Badass Jail, Atyaachari Khel! is an  Indian reality television series created by Ekta Kapoor and was hosted by Kangana Ranaut, premiered on ALTBalaji and MX Player from 27 February 2022. The Grand Finale or Badass Finale of the show was held on 7 May 2022 where Munawar Faruqui emerged as the winner while Payal Rohatgi was announced as the Runner-up.

ALTT
ALTT, formerly ALTBalaji, was an Indian subscription based video on demand platform and a wholly owned subsidiary of Balaji Telefilms. Launched on 16 April 2017, ALTBalaji became Balaji Telefilms' foray into the digital entertainment sphere to create original OTT content.

In July 2025, it was banned by the government of India citing obscenity. Balaji Telefilms went onto replace ALTT with Kutingg, a family friendly streaming platform.
Coronary sulcus
The coronary sulcus (also called coronary groove, auriculoventricular groove, atrioventricular groove, AV groove) is a groove on the surface of the heart at the base of right auricle that separates the atria from the ventricles. The structure contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart, and is deficient in front, where it is crossed by the root of the pulmonary trunk. On the posterior surface of the heart, the coronary sulcus contains the coronary sinus. The right coronary artery, circumflex branch of left coronary artery, and small cardiac vein all travel along parts of the coronary sulcus.

Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers located toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).

In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.
Invest Union
Invest Union (formerly Gazpromneft) is a Russian company based in St. Petersburg and a former subsidiary of Gazprom. It is not to be confused with Gazprom Neft (formerly Sibneft), which is another company.

On 19 December 2004, Gazpromneft (along with Baikalfinansgrup) participated in a State-run auction for former Yukos subsidiary Yuganskneftegaz.  At the time of the auction, the CEO of Gazpromneft was Sergey Bogdanchikov, the then and current President of Rosneft.

Gazpromneft did not place a bid at the auction, allowing Baikalfinansgrup to obtain Yuganskneftegaz at the lowest bid, which was less than half Yuganskneftegaz's market value at the time.

Four days later, on 23 December 2004, Baikalfinansgrup was purchased by Rosneft, causing considerable controversy as to the propriety of the auction.

Gazprom Neft
Gazprom Neft (Russian: Газпром Нефть; formerly Sibneft, Russian: Сибнефть) is the third largest oil producer in Russia and ranked third according to refining throughput. It is a subsidiary of Gazprom, which owns about 96% of its shares. The company is registered and headquartered in St. Petersburg after central offices were relocated from Moscow in 2011.

By the end of 2012 Gazprom Neft accounted for 10% of oil and gas production and 14.6% of refining activities in Russia. Production volumes in 2012 increased by 4.3% in comparison with 2011, refining throughput grew by 7%, revenue was up 19.5% with EBITDA and net profit advancing by 7.7% and 9.9% accordingly.
Walteria, Torrance
Walteria is a neighborhood in south Torrance in southern California, United States. It is bounded by Crenshaw Boulevard on the east, Pacific Coast Highway on the north, Vista Montana to the west; and approximately Newton Street, Blair Way, Winlock Road and Rolling Hills Way to the south. The local zip code is 90505.

Torrance, California
Torrance is a city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States, neighboring Redondo Beach, Rolling Hills Estates, Palos Verdes Estates, and Lomita. The city is part of what is known as the South Bay region. Torrance has a moderate year-round climate with average rainfall of 12 inches (300 mm) per year. Torrance has one and a half miles (2.4 km) of beachfront abutting Santa Monica Bay and 30 parks. It is the birthplace of the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO). The population was 147,067 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 139,576 in 2024.
Frank Woods (bishop)
Sir Frank Woods KBE ChStJ (6 April 1907 – 29 November 1992) was an Australian Anglican bishop. From 1957 to 1977, he was Archbishop of Melbourne. He was also the Primate of Australia from 1971 to 1977.

Anglican Primate of Australia
The Anglican Primate of Australia is the senior bishop and President of the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia. Between General Synods, the Primate is also President of the Standing Committee of the General Synod which takes responsibility for the affairs of the General Synod in between General Synod sessions. The Primate is elected from among the country's Anglican diocesan bishops, by a Board of Electors, comprising diocesan bishops and representative clergy and laity.
Eddie Machen
Edward Mills Machen (June 15, 1932 – August 8, 1972) was an American professional boxer. He was one of six children of a rural mail carrier. Machen dropped out of high school and became an amateur boxer. However, after just three bouts he was arrested and convicted of armed robbery. After his release, he became a professional boxer, determined never to return to prison again. His 64-bout career began on March 22, 1955, and he went on to win his first 24 bouts. He was highly rated and fought most of the big names of his era and he defeated many of the important names of his period such as Bob Baker, Jerry Quarry, Niño Valdés, Joey Maxim, Willi Besmanoff,  Tommy Jackson, Brian London, Howard King and Doug Jones (boxer)

Joey Maxim
Giuseppe Antonio Berardinelli (March 28, 1922 – June 2, 2001) was an American professional boxer. He was the World Light Heavyweight Champion from 1950 to 1952. He took the ring-name Joey Maxim from the Maxim gun, the world's first self-acting machine gun, based on his ability to rapidly throw a large number of left jabs.
Shane Patton
Shane Andrew Patton APM (born 1961 or 1962) is an Australian police officer who served as the Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police from June 2020 until February 2025, when he resigned following a no-confidence vote by the police union against his leadership.

Patton grew up in regional Victoria and joined Victoria Police in 1978. Part of his early career was spent at St Kilda Criminal Investigation Branch (CIB) in the 1980s. Other roles have been in general duties, detective work, police prosecutor, ethical standards investigation, transit and education, as well as acting as chief of staff for Simon Overland whilst Overland was Chief Commissioner. Patton was appointed Deputy Commissioner in September 2015 and was made Chief Commissioner on 27 June 2020.

In the 2015 Australia Day Honours, Patton was awarded the Australian Police Medal.

Australian Police Medal
The Australian Police Medal (APM) is awarded for distinguished service by a member of an Australian police force.
The APM was introduced in 1986, and replaced the Imperial King’s Police Medal for Gallantry and King’s Police Medal for Distinguished Service.

Awards are made by the Governor-General, on the nomination of the responsible federal minister or respective state premier or territory chief minister. Recipients of the Australian Police Medal are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "APM".
Battle of Camp Abubakar
The Battle of Camp Abubakar, codenamed Operation Terminal Velocity, was the final phase of the 2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front which resulted in the capture of Camp Abubakar al Siddique, stronghold of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and its largest settlement, and seat of its Shariah-based government.

Prior to April 2000, the MILF had been allowed to operate approximately 50 camps that were off limits to government soldiers. When the MILF broke off peace talks, the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine Army in particular, began attacking and destroying the bases one after the other.

Camp Abubakar covered approximately forty square miles and included a mosque, a madrasah, commercial and residential areas, a weapons factory, a solar energy system, and segments of seven different villages.

2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
The 2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front was a military campaign conducted by the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) against a Muslim secessionist group that took place during the presidency of Joseph Estrada in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao in the Philippines. The campaign was waged "to weaken the Moro Islamic Liberation Front's capability to undermine the territorial integrity of the Philippines and inflict harm on both government personnel and civilians".
Michael Healy (artist)
Michael Healy (14 November 1873 – 22 September 1941) was an Irish stained glass artist, one of a small number which included Wilhelmina Geddes, Evie Hone, and Harry Clarke, who achieved international recognition for their work in this medium in the first half of the 20th century. He also achieved some distinction as an illustrator and cartoonist early on in his artistic career, and as an ongoing recorder (in rapid pencil and watercolour impressions) of Dublin street characters going about their daily business. Healy also occasionally painted in oil, both portraits and landscapes, exhibiting a small number of the latter during his lifetime.

Wilhelmina Geddes
Wilhelmina Geddes HRUA (25 May 1887 – 10 August 1955) was an Irish stained glass artist who was an important figure within the Irish Arts and Crafts movement and also the twentieth-century British stained glass revival. Notable works include windows at St Bartholomew's (Ottawa, Canada), St Peter's Church (Lampeter, Wales), and the King Albert Memorial Window, St Martin's Cathedral (Ypres, Belgium).
Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea Gamboling Around the Arhat
The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea Gamboling Around the Arhat (Chinese: 八仙过海闹罗汉, romanized: bā xiān guò hǎi nào luó hàn) is a gourmet dish from Confucian cuisine. An allusion to the Eight Immortals, the dish centrally features the four sea delicacies of Chinese cuisine. It was prominently served at the Kong Family Mansion since the Han dynasty.

Shandong cuisine
Shandong cuisine (simplified Chinese: 山东菜; traditional Chinese: 山東菜; pinyin: Shāndōngcài), more commonly known in Chinese as Lu cuisine (魯菜), is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine and one of the Four Great Traditions (四大菜系). It is derived from the native cooking style of Shandong Province, a northern coastal province of China.
Lauric acid
Lauric acid, systematically dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids. It is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap. The salts and esters of lauric acid are known as laurates. Lauric acid accounts for nearly half of the fat in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Chaplin family
The Chaplin family is an acting family. They are the descendants of Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Hill, mother of Sydney John Chaplin (born Sydney John Hill), Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin Jr., and George Wheeler Dryden.

Hannah Chaplin
Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Chaplin (née Hill; 6 August 1865 – 28 August 1928), also known by the stage name Lily Harley, was an English actress, singer and dancer who performed in British music halls from the age of 16.

Chaplin was the mother of actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin and his two half-brothers, the actor Sydney Chaplin and the film director Wheeler Dryden, and grandmother of Jefferson Airplane drummer and songwriter Spencer Dryden. As a result of mental illness, now thought to have been caused by syphilis, she was unable to continue performing from the mid-1890s. In 1921, she was relocated by her son Charlie to California, where she was cared for in a house in the San Fernando Valley until her death in August 1928.
Walter Welford
Walter Welford (May 21, 1868 – June 28, 1952) was inaugurated as the 20th governor of North Dakota on February 2, 1935, after Thomas H. Moodie was removed after it was determined he was ineligible to hold the office. Welford lost the 1936 election to former governor William Langer, and served until the end of his term in January 1937.

William Langer
William "Wild Bill" Langer (September 30, 1886 – November 8, 1959) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 17th governor of North Dakota from 1932 to 1934 and the 21st governor from 1937 to 1939. His governorship was demarcated by a scandal that forced him out of office and into multiple trials.

Langer was elected to the United States Senate in 1940, serving until he died in office in 1959. As a senator, he strongly opposed American military involvement in world affairs, being derided by his opponents as an isolationist.
Frazer Hines
Frazer Simpson Frederick Hines (born 22 September 1944) is an English actor. He began his career as a child actor and appeared in A King in New York (1957) with Charlie Chaplin. He later played Jamie McCrimmon in Doctor Who, appearing in more episodes than any other companion. He was a regular in the series alongside Patrick Troughton as the Second Doctor between 1966 and 1969, and made guest appearances in The Five Doctors (1983) and The Two Doctors (1985). He also played Joe Sugden in Emmerdale Farm between 1972 and 1994.

Patrick Troughton
Patrick George Troughton (/ˈtraʊtən/; 25 March 1920 – 28 March 1987) was an English actor. He became best known for his work as a character actor in television, most notably starring as the second incarnation of the Doctor in the long-running British science-fiction television series Doctor Who from 1966 to 1969; he reprised the role three times between 1972 and 1985. Classically trained, Troughton's early work included appearances in Laurence Olivier's films Hamlet (1948) and Richard III (1955), and he later appeared in genre films including Jason and the Argonauts (1963), The Gorgon (1964), Scars of Dracula (1970) and The Omen (1976), as well as the fantasy television series The Box of Delights (1984).
RIS Swiss Section
Ruamrudee International School Swiss Section (Thai: โรงเรียนนานาชาติร่วมฤดีวิเทศศึกษา แผนกสวิส, RTGS: Rong Rian Nana Chat Ruam Ruedi Withet Sueksa Phanaek Sawit), also known as Swiss School Bangkok (German: Schweizerschule Bangkok) or Deutschsprachige Schule Bangkok (DsSB), is a private not-for-profit international school operating under Ruamrudee International School in Minburi, Bangkok, Thailand. It offers grades from pre-kindergarten to grade 12 with a combined Swiss and German curriculum. The school currently has about 310 students. It is recognized by Germany and Switzerland as an official School Abroad, and it is subsidized by both countries’ governments.

Ruamrudee International School
Ruamrudee International School (RIS, Thai: โรงเรียนร่วมฤดีวิเทศศึกษา, RTGS: Rong Rian Ruam Ruedi Withet Sueksa) is an international school in Min Buri District, Bangkok, Thailand for students from pre-school up to grade 12. It is incorporated under the laws of the Kingdom of Thailand as a non-profit organization. Founded in 1957 by the Redemptorist Fathers of Thailand, RIS serves a population of 1,400 students from around the world. Other campuses include Ruamrudee International School Early Years Campus (Phraya Suren Road, Ramintra-Kanchanapisek area), Ruamrudee International School Ratchapruek Campus (Bang Kruai-Sai Noi Road, Bang Krang, Nonthaburi) and Ruamrudee International School, Phuket.