hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GAB2
GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 also known as GAB2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GAB2 gene.

GAB2 is a docking protein with a conserved, folded PH domain attached to the membrane and a large disordered region, which hosts interactions with signaling molecules. It is a member of the GAB/DOS family localized on the internal membrane of the cell. It mediates the interaction between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and non-RTK receptors serving as the gateway into the cell for activation of SHP2, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Grb2, ERK, and AKT and acting as one of the first steps in these signaling pathways. GAB2 has been shown to be important in physiological functions such as growth in bone marrow and cardiac function. GAB2 has also been associated with many diseases including leukemia and Alzheimer's disease.

GRB2
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, also known as Grb2, is an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction/cell communication.  In humans, the GRB2 protein is encoded by the GRB2 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene binds receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor and contains one SH2 domain and two SH3 domains. Its two SH3 domains direct complex formation with proline-rich regions of other proteins, and its SH2 domain binds tyrosine phosphorylated sequences. This gene is similar to the sem-5 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans, which is involved in the signal transduction pathway. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Cinema of North Korea
The cinema of North Korea began with the division of Korea and has been sustained since then by the ruling Kim dynasty. Kim Il Sung and his successor Kim Jong Il were both cinephiles and sought to produce propaganda films based on the Juche ideology.

All film production is supervised by the Workers' Party of Korea and generally concerns propaganda. North Korea has nevertheless produced some non-propaganda films for export to the wider world. The North Korean film industry is sometimes referred to as "Chollywood", a portmanteau of "chollima" and "Hollywood".

Cinephilia
Cinephilia (/ˌsɪnɪˈfɪliə/ SIN-ih-FIL-ee-ə; also cinemaphilia or filmophilia) is the term used to refer to a passionate interest in films, film theory, and film criticism. The term is a portmanteau of the words cinema and philia, one of the four ancient Greek words for love. A person with such an interest is called a cinephile (/ˈsɪnɪfaɪl/ SIN-ih-fyle), cinemaphile, filmophile, or, informally, a film buff (also movie buff). To a cinephile, a film is often not just a source of entertainment as they see films from a more critical point of view.

In English, cinephile is sometimes used interchangeably with the word cineaste (/ˈsɪniˌæst, ˈsɪneɪˌæst/ SIN-ee-ast, -⁠ay-), though in the original French the term cinéaste ([sine.ast]) refers to a filmmaker.
EuroLeague career statistical leaders
The EuroLeague is the highest level tier and most important professional club competition between basketball teams in Europe. It can contain teams from up to 18 countries, from members of FIBA Europe, and mostly consisting of teams from ULEB member national domestic leagues.

The FIBA era statistical leaders of the competition range from 1958 to 2000, including the lone season of the FIBA SuproLeague competition. While the EuroLeague Commercial Assets (ECA) era statistical leaders of the competition range from 2000 to the present. There are also the overall historical statistical leaders of the EuroLeague, which are the stat leaders for all formats and organizing bodies of the league's history, since 1958.

1958 FIBA European Champions Cup
The 1958 FIBA European Champions Cup was the inaugural season of the European top-tier level professional basketball club competition FIBA European Champions Cup (now called EuroLeague). It was won by Rīgas ASK, after they won both EuroLeague Finals games against Academic. Previously, they had not played the semifinals, as Real Madrid was not allowed to travel to Soviet Riga by the Francoist authorities. The first game was held on February 22, 1958, in Brussels, Belgium, where Belgian League champion Royal IV, defeated the Luxembourger League champions, Etzella Ettelbruck, by a score of 82–43. The most notable contributors to Riga's first title included center Jānis Krūmiņš and head coach Alexander Gomelsky.
M13 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage
The M13 multiple gun motor carriage (MGMC), otherwise known as the M13 half-track, was a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun used by the U.S. Army during World War II that was armed with two .50 caliber M2HB heavy-barrel Browning machine guns. Developed in response to a requirement for a mobile anti-aircraft (AA) vehicle, the vehicle was produced by the White Motor Corporation between July 1942 and May 1943. The only time it was ever used in combat was when the Americans landed at Anzio in January 1944. It was replaced by the more heavily armed M16 multiple gun motor carriage in April 1944.

The M13 evolved from a series of several unsuccessful prototypes that were trialed from 1940 to 1942. Of these, the T1E4 was selected and given the official name of the M13 MGMC, before being placed into production. Half of the M13s produced were converted into M16s on the production lines.

M2 half-track car
The M2 half-track car was an armored half-track produced by the United States during World War II. Its design drew upon half-tracks imported from France in the 1930s, employing standard components supplied by U.S. truck manufacturers to speed production and reduce costs. The concept was designed, and the pilot models manufactured by the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (before the prototype was officially labeled M2.) Production by the White Motor Company began in 1940 and was expanded to include Autocar.

The M2  was initially intended for use as an artillery tractor, but also found use with reconnaissance units. International Harvester Company built the M9 half-track, a variant of their M5 half track, to fulfill the same purpose. It saw wide use in World War II, chiefly by the United States, but also by its allies. A few legacy units were used in the Nicaraguan Revolution.
Hot dog bun
A hot dog bun is a type of soft bun shaped specifically to contain a hot dog or another type of sausage.

The side-loading bun is common in most of the United States, while the top-loading New England–style hot dog bun is popular in that region. Other regional variations include the addition of poppy seeds to the buns of Chicago-style hot dogs.

Chicago-style hot dog
A Chicago-style hot dog, Chicago dog, or Chicago red hot is a hot dog comprising an all-beef frankfurter on a poppy seed bun, originating in Chicago, Illinois. The hot dog is topped with yellow mustard, chopped white onions, bright green sweet pickle relish, a dill pickle spear, tomato slices or wedges, pickled sport peppers (a variety of Capsicum annuum), and a dash of celery salt.

The complete assembly of a Chicago hot dog is said to be "dragged through the garden" due to the many toppings. The method for cooking the hot dog varies depending on the vendor's preference. Most often they are steamed or water-simmered, or less often grilled over charcoal (in which case they are referred to as "char-dogs").

The canonical recipe does not include ketchup, and there is a widely shared opinion among many Chicagoans and aficionados that ketchup is unacceptable. A number of Chicago hot dog vendors do not offer ketchup as a condiment.
Na'im Busofash
Na'im Busofash (Hebrew: נעים בסופ"ש, lit. "Moving on weekend" and "Pleasant on weekend") is an Israeli weekend public transportation array that exists in 12 authorities in Gush Dan and outside of it – Givatayim, Kiryat Ono, Ramat HaSharon, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Shoham, Modi'in, Hod HaSharon, Kfar Saba, Mevaseret Zion, Ness Ziona, Herzliya, and Ra'anana.

Herzliya
Herzliya (/hɜːrtsˈliːjə/ hurts-LEE-yə; Hebrew: הרצליה, pronounced [heʁts(e)liˈja] / [eʁtseˈlija]) is an affluent city in the central coast of Israel, at the northern part of the Tel Aviv District, known for its robust start‑up and entrepreneurial culture. In 2023, it had a population of 108,650.

Named after Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern Zionism, Herzliya covers an area of 21.6 km2 (8.3 sq mi). Its western, beachfront area is called Herzliya Pituah and is one of Israel's most affluent neighborhoods and home to numerous embassies, ambassadors' residences, company headquarters, and houses of prominent Israeli business people.
Toila
Toila is a small borough (alevik) in Ida-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. It is located about 10 km (6 mi) northeast of the town of Jõhvi, on the coast of Narva Bay (part of the Gulf of Finland). Toila is known as an important sea resort in Estonia, with a spa hotel, beach and a park (Oru Park). Toila is the administrative centre of Toila Parish. As of the 2011 Census, the settlement's population was 780, of whom the ethnic Estonians made up 628 (80.5%).

Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia.

Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g. Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century.

There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians worldwide, with the majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Betty Shellenberger
Betty Shellenberger (August 8, 1921 – December 30, 2019), sometimes known as "Shelly Shellenberger", was an American field hockey and lacrosse player, coach, and official. She played on the U.S. women's national field hockey team from 1939 to 1941, 1946 to 1955, and in 1960. She was also a member of the USA national lacrosse team from 1940 to 1961.  She was in the first class of inductees into the U.S. Field Hockey Association Hall of Fame.

USA Field Hockey Hall of Fame
The USA Field Hockey Hall of Fame honors the achievements of athletes and/or coaches of USA field hockey teams. The permanent home of USA Field Hockey's hall of fame is located at Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pennsylvania.
Government of NCT of Delhi v. Union of India
Government of NCT of Delhi versus Union of India & Another [C. A. No. 2357 of 2017] is a civil appeal heard before the Supreme Court of India by a five-judge constitution bench of the court. The case was filed as an appeal to an August 2016 verdict of the Delhi High Court that ruled that the lieutenant governor of Delhi exercised "complete control of all matters regarding National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi", and was heard by the Supreme Court in November and December 2017.

The supreme court pronounced its judgment on 4 July 2018; it said the lieutenant governor of Delhi had no independent decision-making powers and was bound to follow the "aid and advice" of the Delhi chief-minister-headed council of ministers of the Government of Delhi on all matters except those pertaining to police, public order and land. The verdict was positively received almost unanimously by politicians from multiple parties.

Delhi High Court
The High Court of Delhi is the high court in Delhi, India. It was established on 31 October 1966, through the Delhi High Court Act, 1966. Below it are 11 Subordinate Courts that oversee smaller judicial districts. The court gets its powers from Chapter V in Part VI of the Constitution of India.
Georg Baesecke
Georg Paul Baesecke (13 January 1876 – 1 May 1951) was a German philologist who specialized in Germanic studies, particularly the study of Old High German literature. He was Professor and Chair of German Philology at the University of Halle.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Ansar Abbas
Ansar Abbas (born 15 March 1989) is a Pakistani footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Pakistan Army F.C. Ansar was the top scorer in the 2018–19 Pakistan Premier League, scoring 15 goals in 26 games.

2018–19 Pakistan Premier League
The 2018–19 Pakistan Premier League was the 61st season of Pakistan domestic football and the 12th season of the Pakistan Premier League. It was the first edition of the league to be played since the 2014–15 season.

The league was reportedly not recognised by FIFA and AFC, as it was organised by two different federations. Faisal Saleh Hayat controversially-led Pakistan Football Federation, which was internationally recognised, started the league and non-FIFA recognised Ashfaq Hussain Shah group, who was elected PFF president in an election ordered by the Supreme Court a month before the termination of the season completed the event.
Panday (character)
The Panday (Filipino for smith) is a fictional Philippine comics character created by writer Carlo J. Caparas and artist Steve Gan. His stories were first serialized in the comic series Ang Panday ("The Smith") in Pilipino Komiks during the late 1970s. The character, whose real name is Flavio, became a Philippine pop culture icon since it was adapted to film (Ang Panday) in 1980 with Fernando Poe Jr. portraying Flavio and Max Alvarado as his archenemy Lizardo. The film spawned three direct sequels, as well as multiple other more loosely connected films and television series including an animated version.

Culture of the Philippines
The culture of the Philippines is characterized by great ethnic diversity. Although the multiple ethnic groups of the Philippine archipelago have only recently established a shared Filipino national identity, their cultures were all shaped by the geography and history of the region, and by centuries of interaction with neighboring cultures, and colonial powers. In more recent times, Filipino culture has also been influenced through its participation in the global community.
Nathan Cayless
Nathan Frederick Cayless (born 28 March 1978) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s, and has coached in the 2010s. He played at representative level for New Zealand (captain), and at club level in the National Rugby League (NRL) for the Parramatta Eels, for whom he was a long-time captain, as a prop. He captained the New Zealand national team to a Rugby League World Cup victory over Australia in the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, and coached at club level in the Intrust Super Premiership for the Wentworthville Magpies from 2016 to 2018.

2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams. It was held between 26 October and 22 November and was won by New Zealand, who defeated Australia 34–20 in the final in one of the greatest upsets in the sports history.

Originally there was a plan to hold a World Cup in Australia in 2004, however the lack of competitiveness at the 2000 World Cup and rise of the Tri-Nations between Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain meant that plans for another World Cup were shelved.

For the World Cup to regain some credibility, the number of teams was reduced to ten with Australia, England, France, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand automatically qualifying and a qualifying tournament to determine the other five teams. The tournament ended a year of celebrations commemorating the centenary of the game in the Southern Hemisphere and was part of the Festival of World Cups.
Coiba plate
The Coiba plate is a small tectonic plate (microplate) located off the coasts south of Panama and northwestern Colombia. It is named after Coiba, the largest island of Central America, just north of the plate offshore southern Panama. It is bounded on the west by the Cocos plate, on the south by the Malpelo plate, on the east by the North Andes plate, and on the north by the Panama plate. This microplate was previously assumed to be part of the Nazca Plate, forming the northeastern tongue of the Nazca plate together with the Malpelo plate. Bordering the Coiba plate on the east are the north–south striking Bahía Solano Fault and east of that, the Serranía de Baudó, an isolated mountain chain in northwestern Chocó, Colombia.

Coiba
Coiba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkojβa]) is the largest island in Central America, with an area of 494 km2 (191 sq mi), off the Pacific coast of the Panamanian province of Veraguas. It is part of the Montijo District of that province.
Abrams Creek (Tennessee)
Abrams Creek is a creek in Blount County, Tennessee.  Its headwaters are in Cades Cove, and it is a tributary of the Little Tennessee River. It is named after the Chilhowee Cherokee chief Old Abraham ("Abram").  Visitors swim and fish in the creek.  The creek was deliberately poisoned in 1957 to kill fish in potential competition with rainbow trout; many fish species were extirpated from the river and have never recovered.

Blount County, Tennessee
Blount County is a county located in the East Tennessee Grand Division of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, its population was 135,280. The county seat is Maryville, which is also the county's largest city. Blount County is included in the Knoxville metropolitan area.
Juiced ball theory
The "juiced ball" theory suggests that the baseballs used in Major League Baseball (MLB) have been deliberately altered by the league in order to increase scoring. The theory first came to prominence in the 1990s to early 2000s, but the theory receded once it became clear that the more likely explanation for the increase in scoring during that time was an increase in steroid use, as documented in the Mitchell Report in 2007. The juiced ball theory made a resurgence in the late 2010s, as a noticeable uptick in offensive output, especially home runs, was observed.

Mitchell Report
The Report to the Commissioner of Baseball of an Independent Investigation into the Illegal Use of Steroids and Other Performance Enhancing Substances by Players in Major League Baseball, informally known as the Mitchell Report, is the result of former Democratic United States Senator from Maine George J. Mitchell's 20-month investigation into the use of anabolic steroids and human growth hormone (HGH) in Major League Baseball (MLB). The 409-page report, released on December 13, 2007, covers the history of the use of illegal performance-enhancing substances by players and the effectiveness of the MLB Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Program. The report also advances certain recommendations regarding the handling of past illegal drug use and future prevention practices. In addition, the report names 89 MLB players who are alleged to have used steroids or other performance-enhancing drugs.
El Capitan (supercomputer)
Hewlett Packard Enterprise El Capitan is an exascale supercomputer, hosted at  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, United States, that became operational in 2024. It is based on the Cray EX Shasta architecture. El Capitan displaced Frontier as the world's fastest supercomputer in the 64th edition of the TOP500 (November 2024). El Capitan is the third exascale system deployed by the United States and its primary purpose is to support the stockpile stewardship program of the US National Nuclear Security Administration.

Cray
Cray Inc., a subsidiary of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, is an American supercomputer manufacturer headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It also manufactures systems for data storage and analytics. As of June 2025, Cray supercomputer systems held the top three spots in the TOP500, which ranks the most powerful supercomputers in the world.

In 1972, the company was founded by computer designer Seymour Cray as Cray Research, Inc., and it continues to manufacture parts in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, where Cray was born and raised. After being acquired by Silicon Graphics in 1996, the modern company was formed after being purchased in 2000 by Tera Computer Company, which adopted the name Cray Inc. In 2019, the company was acquired by Hewlett Packard Enterprise for $1.3 billion.
Tylor Ongwae
Tylor Ongwae (born 15 July 1991) is a Kenyan basketball player for the Nairobi City Thunder of the KBF Premier League and the Basketball Africa League (BAL) and the Kenya national team. He has known his most successful years in Denmark with Bakken Bears, with whom he won three straight Basketligaen titles and was named Defensive Player of the Year twice.

Kenya men's national basketball team
Kenya national basketball team is the national men basketball team in Kenya. It is operated by the Kenya Basketball Federation (KBF).

Kenya hosted the 1993 FIBA Africa Championship where the team beat Algeria by an 80–50 blowout and progressed to the semi-final on a point differential, its best performance to date.
Weissman score
The Weissman score is a performance metric for lossless compression applications. It was developed by Tsachy Weissman, a professor at Stanford University, and Vinith Misra, a graduate student, at the request of producers for HBO's television series Silicon Valley, a television show about a fictional tech start-up working on a data compression algorithm. It compares both required time and compression ratio of measured applications, with those of a de facto standard according to the data type.

The formula is the following; where r is the compression ratio, T is the time required to compress, the overlined ones are the same metrics for a standard compressor, and alpha is a scaling constant.

The Weissman score has been used by Daniel Reiter Horn  and Mehant Baid of Dropbox to explain real-world work on lossless compression. According to the authors it "favors compression speed over ratio in most cases."

Data compression ratio
Data compression ratio, also known as compression power, is a measurement of the relative reduction in size of data representation produced by a data compression algorithm. It is typically expressed as the division of uncompressed size by compressed size.
Master of Divinity
For graduate-level theological institutions, the Master of Divinity (MDiv, magister divinitatis in Latin) is the first professional degree of the pastoral profession in North America. It is the most common academic degree in seminaries and divinity schools (e.g. in 2014 nearly 44 percent of all US students in schools accredited by the Association of Theological Schools were enrolled in an MDiv program).

In many Christian denominations and in some other religions, the degree is the standard prerequisite for ordination or licensing to professional ministry. At accredited seminaries in the United States, this degree requires between 72 and 106 credit hours of study (72 being the minimum determined by academic accrediting agencies, and 106 being on the upper end of certain schools that wish to ensure a broader study of the related disciplines.) After the completion of the Master of Divinity degree, students can continue further and get their professional Doctor of Ministry degree.

Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
The Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada (ATS) is an organization of seminaries and other graduate schools of theology. ATS has its headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.