hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spencer Cosby
Spencer Cosby (October 2, 1867 – March 26, 1962) was a U.S. Army officer who served as military attaché of the U.S. Embassy in Paris, France and as Engineering Commissioner of the District of Columbia.

Embassy of the United States, Paris
The Embassy of the United States in Paris is the diplomatic mission of the United States in the French Republic. The embassy is the oldest diplomatic mission of the United States. Benjamin Franklin and some of the other Founding Fathers were the earliest U.S. ambassadors to France. The chancery building is located at 2 Avenue Gabriel, on the northwest corner of the Place de la Concorde, in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.
George Atkinson (artist)
George Atkinson (18 September 1880 – 24 March 1941) was an Irish designer, printmaker, painter, and educator. Born in County Cork, Ireland, he became the director of the National College of Art in Dublin and played a significant role in the development of art education and the arts and crafts movement in Ireland during the early 20th century.

National College of Art and Design
The National College of Art and Design (NCAD) is Ireland's oldest art institution, offering the largest range of art and design degrees at undergraduate and postgraduate level in the country. Originating as a drawing school in 1746, many of the most important Irish artists, designers and art educators have studied or taught in the college. NCAD has always been located in central Dublin, and in 1980 it relocated to the historic Liberties area. The College has around 950 full-time students and a further 600 pursuing part-time courses, and NCAD's students come from more than forty countries. NCAD is a Recognised College of University College Dublin. It is also a member of the European League of Institutes of the Arts.
Eric Mabius
Eric Harry Timothy Mabius (born April 22, 1971) is an American actor. Born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, he graduated from Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York, with a degree in cinema studies. After working in theater productions, Mabius made his film debut in the 1995 independent dark comedy Welcome to the Dollhouse.

Mabius gained widespread recognition for his role as Daniel Meade on the ABC comedy-drama series Ugly Betty. He also appeared on the Showtime series The L Word and in the films Cruel Intentions, The Crow: Salvation, and Resident Evil. Since 2013, Mabius has starred in the long-running Hallmark Channel series Signed, Sealed, Delivered.

Film theory
Film theory is a set of scholarly approaches within the academic discipline of film or cinema studies that began in the 1920s by questioning the formal essential attributes of motion pictures; and that now provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large. Film theory is not to be confused with general film criticism, or film history, though these three disciplines interrelate. Although some branches of film theory are derived from linguistics and literary theory, it also originated and overlaps with the philosophy of film.
Castiarina allensundholmi
Castiarina allensundholmi is a species of beetle in the family Buprestidae, otherwise known as jewel beetles. The species was discovered in October 2003, and was described by Dr Shelley Barker, OAM (Medal of the Order of Australia), in 2005. The three specimens in the type series measure from 7 mm to 8.2 mm. The species belongs in the Castiarina balteata species group which currently comprises three similarly-sized described species: Castiarina balteata (Saunders, 1869), Castiarina williamsi (Barker, 1988), and Castiarina allensundholmi (Barker, 2005).

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
MEO Sudoeste
The Sudoeste Festival (Portuguese pronunciation: [suˈðwɛʃtɨ]), currently named MEO Sudoeste for sponsorship reasons, is a music festival that takes places annually since 1997, in August, in Odemira, in the southwest of Portugal. It is organized by live entertainment company Música no Coração and is currently sponsored by the Portuguese telecommunications company MEO.

The festival started as a rock festival. Over the years, it has featured a considerable variety of headliners, such as Anitta, Marilyn Manson, Blur, Sonic Youth, The Cure, UB40, Massive Attack, Kraftwerk, Oasis, Daft Punk, Björk, Faith No More, Snoop Dogg and Kanye West. It had a stage dedicated to reggae music from 2005 to 2013. In the early 2010s, it gradually changed its musical focus to mainly hip-hop, mainstream pop and electronic dance music.

MEO (telecommunication company)
MEO (formerly TMN and PTC) is a mobile and fixed telecommunications service and brand from Altice Portugal (formerly Portugal Telecom), managed by MEO - Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia. The service was piloted in Lisbon in 2007 and was later extended to Porto and Castelo Branco.

It was created on September 18, 2000, about 9 months after the liberalization of the Fixed Telecommunications Market in Portugal, it was considered the Historic Fixed Network Operator. On December 29, 2014, Portugal Telecom extinguished the subsidiary TMN, which in January had changed its name to "MEO", integrating its subsidiary into PT Comunicações. On the same date, PT Comunicações adopted the name of the extinct subsidiary – "MEO – Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia".
Tomáš Souček
Tomáš Souček (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtomaːʃ ˈsoutʃɛk]; born 27 February 1995) is a Czech professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club West Ham United and captains the Czech Republic national team.

Czech Republic national football team
The Czech Republic men's national football team (Czech: Česká mužská fotbalová reprezentace), recognised by FIFA as Czechia, represents the Czech Republic in men's international football. The team is controlled by the Football Association of the Czech Republic (FAČR). Historically, the team participated in FIFA and UEFA competitions as Bohemia and Czechoslovakia.

Following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the first international competition of the Czech Republic was UEFA Euro 1996, where they finished runners-up. They have taken part at every European Championship since. Following the separation, they have featured at one FIFA World Cup, the 2006 tournament.
Leone Caetani
Leone Caetani (September 12, 1869 – December 25, 1935), Duke of Sermoneta (also known as Prince Caetani), was an Italian scholar, politician, and historian of the Middle East.

Caetani is considered a pioneer in the application of the historical method to sources of the early Islamic traditions, which he subjected to minute historical and psychological analysis.

He was the father of Italian-Canadian visual artist Sveva Caetani.

Caetani
The House of Caetani  (Italian pronunciation: [ka.eˈtaː.ni]), or Gaetani, is the name of an Italian noble family, originally from the city of Gaeta, connected by some to the lineage of the lords of the Duchy of Gaeta, as well as to the patrician Gaetani of the Republic of Pisa. It played an important role in Rome, in the Papal States and in the Kingdom of Naples, and later in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Susana Raffalli
Susana Raffalli (born 1950) is a Venezuelan nutritionist and activist. She received a number of awards including the 100 Women (BBC) award in 2020 for her work in alleviating hunger in Venezuela and in particular during the coronavirus pandemic.

100 Women (BBC)
100 Women is a BBC multi-format series established in 2013. The annual series examines the role of women in the 21st century and has included events in London and Mexico. Announcement of the list is the start of an international "BBC's women season", lasting three weeks including broadcast, online reports, debates and journalism on the topic of women. Women around the world are encouraged to participate via social media and comment on the list, as well as on the interviews and debates that follow release of the list.
Calchaquí Wars
The Calchaquí Wars (Spanish: Guerras calchaquíes) were a series of military conflicts between the Diaguita Confederation and the Spanish Empire in the 1560–1667 period. The wars raged in the Argentine Northwest, in what are now the provinces of Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca and La Rioja.

Catamarca Province
Catamarca (Spanish pronunciation: [kataˈmaɾka]) is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. The province had a population of 429,556 as per the 2022 census [INDEC], and covers an area of 102,602 km2. Its literacy rate is 95.5%. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise, from the north): Salta, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, and La Rioja. To the west it borders the country of Chile.

The capital is San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, usually shortened to Catamarca. Other important cities include Andalgalá, Tinogasta, and Belén.
John M. Franklin
John Merryman Franklin (18 June 1896 – 2 June 1975) was a United States Army general and the president of United States Lines. During World War II he was the Assistant Chief of Transportation for Water Transportation.

United States Lines
United States Lines was an organization of the United States Shipping Board's (USSB) Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC), created to operate German liners seized by the United States in 1917. The ships were owned by the USSB and all finances of the line were controlled by the EFC. Among the notable ships of this period was Leviathan, a contender for largest ship in the world for a time.

Eventually the line was sold and went private to continue operating as a transatlantic shipping company that operated cargo services from 1921 to 1989, and ocean liners until 1969—most famously, United States.
The Grange, Northington
The Grange is a 19th-century country house-mansion and English landscape park near Northington in Hampshire, England. It is currently owned by the Baring family, Barons Ashburton.

English Heritage have a guardianship deed on the scheduled monument and Grade I listed building, with the Grade II* listed gardens and monument's exterior open to the public.

John Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton
John Francis Harcourt Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton (2 November 1928 – 6 October 2020), was a British merchant banker who served as chairman of British Petroleum from 1992 to 1995. Lord Ashburton also sat on the boards of Jaguar Cars, Dunlop Rubber, and Royal Insurance.
Apparent source width
Apparent source width (ASW) refers to the perceived spatial extent of a sound source. This psychoacoustic phenomenon is influenced by both the sound radiation pattern of the source itself and the acoustic properties of the environment in which it is located. A wide ASW is often a desirable characteristic, particularly in genres like classical music, opera, and historically informed performance, as it is associated with the immersive sound of acoustic spaces. The study of ASW draws upon research from various fields, including room acoustics, architectural acoustics, auralization, musical acoustics, psychoacoustics, and systematic musicology.

Psychoacoustics
Psychoacoustics is the branch of psychophysics involving the scientific study of the perception of sound by the human auditory system. It is the branch of science studying the psychological responses associated with sound, including noise, speech, and music. Psychoacoustics is an interdisciplinary field including psychology, acoustics, electronic engineering, physics, biology, physiology, and computer science.
Levopropoxyphene
Levopropoxyphene is an antitussive.  It is an optical isomer of dextropropoxyphene. The racemic mixture is called propoxyphene. Only the dextro-isomer (dextropropoxyphene) has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert only an antitussive effect.  It was formerly marketed in the U.S. by Eli Lilly under the tradename Novrad (a reversal of Darvon) as an antitussive. Unlike many antitussives, it binds poorly to the sigma-1 receptor.

Cold medicine
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics, antihistamines and decongestants, among many others. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal.

While they have been used by 10% of American children in any given week, they are not recommended in Canada or the United States in children six years or younger because of lack of evidence showing effect and concerns of harm.
USM Malakoff (football)
Union Sportive Municipale de Malakoff is a football team located in Malakoff, France. It is the football section of the parent multi-sport club USM Malakoff. As of the 2020–21 season, the team plays in the Départemental 3, the eleventh tier of French football. The club's colours are blue and red.

French football league system
The French football league system, also known as the French football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in France and Monaco, and includes one Spanish side. At the top two levels of the system is the Ligue de Football Professionnel, which consists of two professional national divisions, Ligue 1, Ligue 2. Below that are a number of leagues run by the Fédération Française de Football. At level 3 is the semi-professional Championnat National. Below that is the Championnat National 2 (level 4), which is divided into four parallel regional divisions, followed by the Championnat National 3 (level 5), which is divided into eleven parallel regional divisions. Underneath that are many more regional and departmental leagues and divisions. Clubs finishing the season at or near the top of their division may be eligible for promotion to a higher division. Similarly, clubs finishing at or near the bottom of their division may be relegated to a lower division.
Nanoinformatics
Nanoinformatics is the application of informatics to nanotechnology.  It is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding nanomaterials, their properties, and their interactions with biological entities, and using that information more efficiently.  It differs from cheminformatics in that nanomaterials usually involve nonuniform collections of particles that have distributions of physical properties that must be specified.  The nanoinformatics infrastructure includes ontologies for nanomaterials, file formats, and data repositories.

Nanoinformatics has applications for improving workflows in fundamental research, manufacturing, and environmental health, allowing the use of high-throughput data-driven methods to analyze broad sets of experimental results.  Nanomedicine applications include analysis of nanoparticle-based pharmaceuticals for structure–activity relationships in a similar manner to bioinformatics.

Cheminformatics
Cheminformatics (also known as chemoinformatics) refers to the use of physical chemistry theory with computer and information science techniques—so called "in silico" techniques—in application to a range of descriptive and prescriptive problems in the field of chemistry, including in its applications to biology and related molecular fields. Such in silico techniques are used, for example, by pharmaceutical companies and in academic settings to aid and inform the process of drug discovery, for instance in the design of well-defined combinatorial libraries of synthetic compounds, or to assist in structure-based drug design. The methods can also be used in chemical and allied industries, and such fields as environmental science and pharmacology, where chemical processes are involved or studied.
State Museum of Archaeology Chemnitz
The State Museum of Archaeology Chemnitz (German: Staatliches Museum für Archäologie Chemnitz), abbreviated smac, is the archaeological and cultural-historical museum of the Free State of Saxony. It is in Chemnitz, Germany, and was opened on 15 May 2014 in the former Schocken department store. It is the successor institution to the State Museum of Prehistory Dresden (Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte Dresden). The State Museum of Archaeology Chemnitz is part of the Archaeological Heritage Service (Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen).

With the opening of the museum, Saxony has its first statewide permanent exhibition on archaeology. It covers 300,000 years of human history in Saxony and ends with the period of industrialization. Three smaller exhibitions are dedicated to the history of the department store, the department store founder Salman Schocken and the architect of the building Erich Mendelsohn.

Erich Mendelsohn
Erich Mendelsohn (German pronunciation: [ˈeːʁɪç ˈmɛndl̩ˌzoːn] ⓘ); 21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953) was a German-British architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects for department stores and cinemas. Mendelsohn was a pioneer of the Art Deco and Streamline Moderne architecture, notably with his 1921 Mossehaus design.
YadA bacterial adhesin protein domain
In molecular biology, YadA is a protein domain which is short for Yersinia adhesin A. These proteins have strong sequence and structural homology, particularly at their C-terminal end. The function is to promote their pathogenicity and virulence in host cells, though cell adhesion. YadA is found in three pathogenic species of Yersinia, Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica. The YadA domain is encoded for by a virulence plasmid in Yersinia, which encodes a type-III secretion (T3S) system consisting of the Ysc injectisome and the
Yop effectors.

Bacterial adhesin
Bacterial adhesins are cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion or adherence to other cells or to surfaces, usually in the host they are infecting or living in. Adhesins are a type of virulence factor.

Adherence is an essential step in bacterial pathogenesis or infection, required for colonizing a new host. Adhesion and bacterial adhesins are also a potential target either for prophylaxis or for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Foxcatcher
Foxcatcher is a 2014 American biographical sports thriller film, produced and directed by Bennett Miller. Written by E. Max Frye and Dan Futterman, the film stars Steve Carell, Channing Tatum, and Mark Ruffalo. Its plot is loosely based on multimillionaire Du Pont family heir and wrestling enthusiast John du Pont's 1986 recruitment of Olympic gold medalist brothers Mark and Dave Schultz, to help coach American wrestlers, and du Pont's murder of Dave in 1996.

Foxcatcher premiered on May 19, 2014 at the Cannes Film Festival, where Miller won Best Director. Upon its theatrical release on November 14, 2014, it received critical acclaim for the three lead actors' performances, Miller's direction, and the visual style and tone. Foxcatcher was nominated for five awards at the 87th Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Carell, Best Supporting Actor for Ruffalo and Best Director for Miller. The film also received three Golden Globe nominations, including Best Motion Picture – Drama.

Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director
The Best Director Award (French: Prix de la mise en scène) is an award presented annually at the Cannes Film Festival since 1946. It is given for the best achievement in directing and is chosen by the International Jury from the films in the Competition slate at the festival.

At the 1st Cannes Film Festival held in 1946, René Clément was the first winner of this award for his work on The Battle of the Rails, and Kleber Mendonça Filho is the most recent winner in this category for his work on The Secret Agent at the 78th Cannes Film Festival in 2025.
Justus Strelow
Justus Strelow (born 30 December 1996) is a German biathlete. He made his Biathlon World Cup debut in 2021 in Östersund. At the Junior World Championships in Osrblie in 2017, he won with team Germany a bronze medal in the relay.

Biathlon World Cup
The Biathlon World Cup is a top-level biathlon season-long competition series. It has been held since the winter seasons of 1977–78 for men and 1982–83 for women. The women's seasons until 1986–87 season were called the European Cup, although participation was not restricted to Europeans.
2024 Georgia Tech vs. Georgia football game
The 2024 Georgia Tech vs. Georgia football game was a regular season college football game between the Georgia Bulldogs and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, played at Sanford Stadium located in Athens, Georgia on November 29, 2024. Georgia won the game 44–42 in eight overtimes. The game's eight overtime periods were the second most in college football history, surpassed only by the 2021 Illinois vs. Penn State game, which went to nine overtimes.

2024 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 2024 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by ninth-year head coach Kirby Smart, who notched his 100th win as head coach during the season.

The Bulldogs went 11–3 and won the SEC Championship Game against Texas, 22–19 in overtime. After the end of the season with Georgia's 23–10 loss to eventual runners-up Notre Dame at the Sugar Bowl, Smart called the season "the toughest year of my tenure. Easily the toughest of my tenure."
Michael R. Lyu
Michael R. Lyu is the Choh-Ming Li Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in Shatin, Hong Kong. Lyu is the editor of two book volumes in software reliability engineering: Software Fault Tolerance and the Handbook of Software Reliability Engineering. Both books have also been translated into Chinese and published in China. He was also named in The AI 2000 Most Influential Scholars Annual List with three appearances.

Chinese University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public university in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Established in 1963 as a federation of three colleges – Chung Chi College, New Asia College, and United College, it is Hong Kong's second-oldest university, with the first being the University of Hong Kong. Predecessors of the university included St. John's University, Lingnan University and Yenching University, alongside 10 other Christian universities in China.

The university is organised into nine constituent colleges and eight academic faculties, and remains the only collegiate university in Hong Kong. The university operates in both English and Chinese.

Four Nobel laureates are associated with the university, and it is the only tertiary institution in Hong Kong with recipients of the Nobel Prize, Turing Award, Fields Medal, and Veblen Prize sitting as faculty in residence.