hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
P. C. Thomas (politician, born 1938)
P. C. Thomas (26 February 1938 – 27 May 2009) in full Pannivelil Chacko Thomas, was an Indian politician and an MLA in the Kerala Legislative Assembly. He represented Kaduthuruthy constituency in Kottayam district, Kerala.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Melanie Woods (musician)
Melanie Woods (born 5 May 1969) is an English musician and carpenter. She was the drummer and a vocalist for the rock band Sidi Bou Said in the 1990s. After their dissolution, she performed vocals on the first two albums of the North Sea Radio Orchestra and joined the cult rock band Cardiacs in 2004, performing on the single "Ditzy Scene" and playing on the subsequent 2007 tour before the band ceased their activities in 2008.

Woods subsequently joined Kavus Torabi's psychedelic rock band Knifeworld on vocals, percussion and glockenspiel, and the Duran Duran tribute act Joanne Joanne as their drummer. She appeared on the 2010 Tim Smith tribute album Leader of the Starry Skies with Knifeworld and Sidi Bou Said, and the Cardiacs single "Vermin Mangle", released in 2020. Woods has also performed on solo albums by Claire Lemmon and Tim Bowness.

Tim Smith (Cardiacs)
Timothy Charles Smith (3 July 1961 – 21 July 2020) was an English musician, record producer and music video director. A singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, Smith rose to prominence as the frontman of the rock band Cardiacs, which he co-founded with his brother Jim. In addition to Cardiacs, Smith led, co-led or contributed to the Sea Nymphs, Panixphere, Tim Smith's Extra Special OceanLandWorld and Spratleys Japs. Recognised for the particular complexity, skill and idiosyncrasies of his songs and music, Smith was honoured with the Doctor of Music degree from the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland in 2018, two years before his death in 2020.

Smith was also a producer of records or promotional videos for acts including Oceansize, Sepultura, Dark Star, The Frank and Walters, Sidi Bou Said, Eat, the Scaramanga Six and Wildhearts frontman Ginger.
John Parkes (cricketer)
John Leonard Parkes OBE (23 June 1938 – 15 June 2022) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer. Parkes served in the Gurkha Rifles in a military career that spanned 26 years, during which he played cricket for the Free Foresters. He continued to play cricket regularly for the Army in the Far East in Singapore and Hong Kong after joining his Regiment up to the time he became its Commanding Officer

2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)
The 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles) was a rifle regiment of the British Indian Army before being transferred to the British Army on India's independence in 1947. The 4th Battalion joined the Indian Army as the 5th Battalion, 8th Gorkha Rifles (Sirmoor Rifles), where it exists to this day. As part of the British Army, the regiment served in Malaya, Hong Kong and Brunei until 1994 when it was amalgamated with the other three British Army Gurkha infantry regiments to form the Royal Gurkha Rifles. It is the only Gurkha regiment which did not have a khukuri on its cap badge.
2011 Première Division (Ligue de N'Djaména)
The 2011 Première Division (Ligue de N'Djaména) was the 24th season of the Chad Premier League, the top Chadian league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1988. The season started on 16 January 2011 and concluded in June 2011.

It was the second time that Ligue de N'Djaména, championship where only clubs from N'Djamena participated, was considered a National Championship.

Tourbillon came into the season as defending champions of the 2010 season.

Foullah Edifice won the title with 43 points, and +23 goal-difference.

Foullah Edifice FC
Foullah Edifice Football Club is a football club based in N'Djamena, Chad. They had a few Chadian national team players, like Mbaya Brice, Massama Asselmo, Ferdinand Gassina and Hassan Hissein.

The club's colours are sky blue and white.
Complex adaptive system
A complex adaptive system (CAS) is a system that is complex in that it is a dynamic network of interactions, but the behavior of the ensemble may not be predictable according to the behavior of the components. It is adaptive in that the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to the change-initiating micro-event or collection of events. It is a "complex macroscopic collection" of relatively "similar and partially connected micro-structures" formed in order to adapt to the changing environment and increase their survivability as a macro-structure. The Complex Adaptive Systems approach builds on replicator dynamics.

The study of complex adaptive systems, a subset of nonlinear dynamical systems, is an interdisciplinary matter that attempts to blend insights from the natural and social sciences to develop system-level models and insights that allow for heterogeneous agents, phase transition, and emergent behavior.

Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.

Emergence plays a central role in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry and physics.

In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called emergentism.
2002 CAF Champions League final
The 2002 CAF Champions League final was a football match that took place on Friday, 13 December 2002 at 17:00 UTC (19:00 local time). The match was played at the Cairo Stadium, in Cairo, Egypt, to determine the winner of the 2002 CAF Champions League. The final was contested by Zamalek and Raja CA. The game was won by Zamalek 1–0 by Abdelhamid's Goal, after a 0–0 draw in Casablanca.

Cairo International Stadium
The Cairo International Stadium (Egyptian Arabic: ستاد القاهرة الدولي), formerly known as Nasser Stadium, is an Olympic-standard, multi-use stadium with an all-seated capacity of 75,000. The architect of the stadium is the German Werner March, who designed the Olympic Stadium in Berlin from 1934 to 1936. The engineering and construction supervision of the stadium was performed by ACE Moharram Bakhoum. It is the 69th largest stadium in the world and the 3rd largest stadium in Egypt.

Located in Nasr City; a suburb north east of Cairo, it was completed in 1960, and was inaugurated by President Gamal Abd El Nasser on 23 July that year which coincided with the eighth anniversary of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952
West Jordan City Center station
West Jordan City Center station is a light rail station in the West Jordan, Utah, United States, served by the Red Line of the Utah Transit Authority's (UTA) TRAX light rail system. The Red Line provides service from the University of Utah to the Daybreak community of South Jordan.

Utah Transit Authority
The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) is a special service district responsible for providing public transportation throughout the Wasatch Front of Utah, in the United States, which includes the metropolitan areas of Ogden, Park City, Provo, Salt Lake City and Tooele. It operates fixed route buses, flex route buses, express buses, ski buses, three light rail lines in Salt Lake County (TRAX), a streetcar line in Salt Lake City (the S-Line), and a commuter rail train (FrontRunner) from Ogden through Salt Lake City to Provo. UTA is headquartered in Salt Lake City with operations and garages in locations throughout the Wasatch Front, including Ogden, Midvale and Orem. Light rail vehicles are stored and maintained at yards at locations in South Salt Lake and Midvale. UTA's commuter rail equipment is stored and serviced at a facility in Salt Lake City. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 40,473,200, or about 133,000 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
German submarine U-291
German submarine U-291 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

The submarine was laid down on 17 October 1942 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 56. She was launched on 30 June 1943 and commissioned on 4 August under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans Keerle.

She carried out no patrols and did not sink or damage any ships.

The boat surrendered on 5 May 1945 at Cuxhaven. She was sunk as part of Operation Deadlight on 20 December 1945.

Operation Deadlight
Operation Deadlight was the code name for the Royal Navy operation of November 1945 – February 1946 to scuttle German U-boats surrendered to the Allies after the defeat of Germany near the end of World War II. After the surrender, political discussions continued between the Allies concerning the final disposal of the surviving German naval vessels, the result of which was an agreement to retain 30 U-boats in total, to be divided equally between the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union. The remainder would be scuttled.
Shotgun (shooting sports)
The shotgun is the name of the sport discipline assigned in the international shooting sports competitions, organized by the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF), which includes the three clay shooting disciplines of trap, double trap and skeet.

Clay pigeon shooting
Clay pigeon shooting, also known as clay target shooting, is a shooting sport involving shooting at special flying targets known as "clay pigeons" or "clay targets" with a shotgun. Despite their name, the targets are usually inverted saucers made of pulverized limestone mixed with pitch and a brightly colored pigment.
Marquis of Cañete
The Marquis of Cañete (Spanish: Marqués de Cañete) is a Spanish nobility title and Grandee of Spain. The title was created by the Catholic Monarchs in 1490 and given to Juan Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Lord of Cañete.

Famous members of the family include Don Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Marquis of Cañete and Don García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete, both who served as Viceroys of Peru.

Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Marquis of Cañete
Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza y Cabrera, 3rd Marquis of Cañete (c. 1500 – March 30, 1561), also known as El Viejo, was a Spanish military officer and, from June 29, 1556 to his death on March 30, 1561, the third Viceroy of Peru.
Marion Cameron Gray
Marion Gray (26 March 1902 – 16 September 1979) was a Scottish mathematician who discovered a graph with 54 vertices and 81 edges while working at American Telephone & Telegraph. The graph is commonly known as the Gray graph.

AT&T Corporation
AT&T Corporation, an abbreviation of its former name, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, was an American telecommunications company that provided voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.

During the Bell System's long history, AT&T was at times the world's largest telecommunications company, the world's largest cable television operator, and a regulated monopoly. At its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, it employed one million people and its revenue ranged between US$3 billion in 1950 ($42.6 billion in present-day terms) and $12 billion in 1966 ($120 billion in present-day terms).

In 2005, AT&T was acquired by "Baby Bell" and former subsidiary SBC Communications for more than $16 billion ($25.8 billion in present-day terms). SBC then changed its name to AT&T Inc., with AT&T Corporation continuing to exist as a long-distance calling subsidiary until its dissolution on May 1, 2024.
João Pereira (footballer, born 1984)
João Pedro da Silva Esmail Pereira (born 25 February 1984) is a Portuguese professional manager and former footballer who played as a right-back. He is the manager of Süper Lig club Alanyaspor.

An attacking player, he was also known for his fiery temperament that led to altercations with adversaries and referees numerous times. In his country, he represented both Benfica and Sporting CP, winning the 2004–05 Primeira Liga with the former. He also spent two and a half seasons in Spain with Valencia and three and a half in Turkey with Trabzonspor, winning the 2019–20 Turkish Cup before returning to Sporting in February 2021, where he again won the domestic league, eventually amassing Primeira Liga totals of 233 matches and nine goals. Internationally, he represented Portugal at Euro 2012 and the 2014 World Cup.

After retiring in 2022, Pereira began his coaching career at Sporting's reserves, before taking charge of the first team in November 2024. He left his position one month later.

2004–05 Primeira Liga
The 2004–05 Primeira Liga was the 71st edition of top flight of Portuguese football. It started on 28 August 2004 with a match between Belenenses and Marítimo, and ended on 22 May 2005.

Benfica won their 31st league title, with 65 points, three points ahead of the defending champions Porto. The league was contested by 18 clubs, and was considered one of the most competitive seasons in recent years.

The first goal of the season was scored by Belenenses centre-back Rolando. The first red card of the season was given to Vitória de Setúbal's Bruno Ribeiro, and the first yellow was given to Belenenses' Juninho Petrolina in the opening match of the season. Benfica and Porto were both qualified for the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League group stage, and Sporting CP qualified for the UEFA Champions League qualifying round. At the bottom of the table, Moreirense, Estoril and Beira-Mar were relegated to the Liga de Honra. Liédson was the top scorer with 25 goals.
Abraham Titsingh
Abraham Titsingh (1684 – September 1776) was a Dutch naval surgeon who, although poorly trained, attempted to reform the system of medicine in the Dutch Republic through changes in the guild of surgeons, clashing with several figures of the time including Jacobus Denys.

Naval surgeon
A naval surgeon, or less commonly ship's doctor, is the person responsible for the health of the ship's company aboard a warship. The term appears often in reference to Royal Navy's medical personnel during the Age of Sail.
Mukhtaruddin Ahmad
Mukhtaruddin Ahmad Arzoo (14 November 1924 – 30 June 2010) was an Indian literary critic and Writer of Urdu language. He was former Dean of Faculty of Arts at Aligarh Muslim University. He was appointed as the lecturer in the Department of Arabic at Aligarh Muslim University in 1953. He was the founding Vice Chancellor of Maulana Mazharul Haque Arabic and Persian University. He was appointed as the Senior Fellow at Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, Jordan in 2004.

Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh Muslim University is a collegiate, central, and research university located in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, which was originally established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875. Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, following the Aligarh Muslim University Act.

The university offers more than 300 courses in traditional and modern branches of education. It is an Institute of National Importance and is listed in the Union List under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.
Al Letson
Al Letson (born August 8, 1972) is an American writer, journalist, radio/ podcast host and screenwriter. Since 2013, he has served as the host of the radio show and podcast Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX. Before that, he created and hosted the show State of the Re:Union, distributed by National Public Radio and PRX.

Public Radio Exchange
The Public Radio Exchange (PRX) is a non-profit web-based platform for digital distribution, review, and the licensing of radio programs. The organization is the largest on-demand catalogue of public radio programs available for broadcast and internet use.
Wachau wine
Wachau is one of Austria's most established and notable wine regions, specializing in dry wines made from Riesling and Grüner Veltliner. Located in Lower Austria along the Danube, west of Vienna and Krems an der Donau, it is one of the westernmost wine producing regions in Austria with only a few scattered plantings in Tyrol being further west. While most of Austria follows a wine classification systems based on ripeness and harvest must weight that parallels the German wine classification system, Wachau wines have a unique classification system. The three classification levels for Wachau wine include Steinfeder for wines up to 11.5% alcohol level, Federspiel for wines between 11.5–12.5% and Smaragd that must have a minimum of 12.5% alcohol level. Despite its renown, the Wachau is a small wine region that usually accounts for only around 3% of Austria's wine production.

Krems an der Donau
Krems an der Donau (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈkrɛms an deːɐ̯ ˈdoːnaʊ], lit. 'Krems on the Danube') is a city in Lower Austria, Austria. With a population of 24,821, it is the 20th-largest city of Austria and fifth-largest of Lower Austria. It is approximately 70 kilometres (43 miles) west of Vienna. Krems is a city with its own statute (or Statutarstadt), and therefore it is both a municipality and a district.
Edward Rainbowe
Edward Rainbowe or Rainbow (1608–1684) was an English academic, Church of England clergyman and a noted preacher.  He was Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge and Bishop of Carlisle.

Bishop of Carlisle
The Bishop of Carlisle is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Carlisle in the Province of York.

The diocese covers the county of Cumbria except for Alston Moor and the former Sedbergh Rural District.  The see is in the city of Carlisle where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity which was a collegiate church until elevated to cathedral status in 1133.

The diocese was created in 1133 by Henry I out of part of the Diocese of Durham. It was extended in 1856 taking over part of the Diocese of Chester. The residence of the bishop was Rose Castle, Dalston, until 2009. The bishop now resides at Bishop's House, Keswick.

The current bishop is Rob Saner-Haigh, who was translated from Penrith on 1 September 2025 — the confirmation of his election.
Rincon 1
Rincon 1 was a CubeSat built by the Student Satellite Program of the University of Arizona. The primary payload was furnished by Rincon Research, hence the name. Rincon 1 was the product of the work of about 50 students, ranging from college freshmen to Ph.D. students, over the course of several years. It was launched, after being postponed several times, on board a Dnepr on July 26, 2006, but the rocket failed and the satellite was destroyed.

Dnepr (rocket)
The Dnepr rocket (Russian: Днепр, romanized: Dnepr; Ukrainian: Дніпро, romanized: Dnipró) was a space launch vehicle named after the Dnieper River. It was a converted ICBM used for launching artificial satellites into orbit, operated by launch service provider ISC Kosmotras.  The first launch, on April 21, 1999, successfully placed UoSAT-12, a 350 kg demonstration mini-satellite, into a 650 km circular Low Earth orbit. It was also known in some older sources during development as the Ikar.
Alfred Bird
Alfred Bird (1811 – 15 December 1878) was an English food manufacturer and chemist. He was born in Nympsfield, Gloucestershire, England in 1811 and was later a pupil at King Edward's School, Birmingham.  He was the inventor of a series of food products, most notably egg-free custard and baking powder. His father was a lecturer in astronomy at Eton College. His son Alfred Frederick Bird continued to develop the business after his father's death.

Custard
Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency from a thin pouring sauce (crème anglaise) to the thick pastry cream (crème pâtissière) used to fill éclairs. The most common custards are used in custard desserts or dessert sauces and typically include sugar and vanilla; however, savory custards are also found, e.g., in quiche.
Mick Morrissey
Mick Morrissey (6 June 1933 – 22 March 1993) was an Irish hurler from County Carlow who played as a left wing-back for the Wexford and New York senior teams.

Morrissey first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty three when he first linked up with the Wexford senior team. He made his senior debut in the 1954-55 National Hurling League. Morrissey went on to play a key part for Wexford during a golden age for the team, and won two All-Ireland medals, three Leinster medals and two National Hurling League medals.

Morrissey made 17 championship appearances for Wexford ending in the 1960 championship after which he emigrated to the United States. He spent a number of seasons playing with New York, then became involved in team management and coaching, serving as trainer of the New York team in the early 1970s.

1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 74th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 10 April 1960 and ended on 4 September 1960.

Waterford were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial championship. Wexford won the title after defeating Tipperary by 2–15 to 0–11 in the All-Ireland final.
Business History Conference
The Business History Conference (BHC) is an academic organization that supports all aspects of research, writing, and teaching about business history and about the environment in which businesses operate. Founded in 1954, the BHC supports ongoing research among its members and holds conferences to bring together business and economic historians. It also publishes a quarterly academic journal, Enterprise & Society, along with selected papers from its annual meetings via BEH On-Line.

Business history
Business history is a historiographical field which examines the history of firms, business methods, government regulation and the effects of business on society. It also includes biographies of individual firms, executives, and entrepreneurs. It is related to economic history. It is distinct from "company history" which refers to official histories, usually funded by the company itself.