hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lulu smoothing
In signal processing, Lulu smoothing is a nonlinear mathematical technique for removing impulsive noise from a data sequence such as a time series. It is a nonlinear equivalent to taking a moving average (or other smoothing technique) of a time series, and is similar to other nonlinear smoothing techniques, such as Tukey or median smoothing.

LULU smoothers are compared in detail to median smoothers by Jankowitz and found to be superior in some aspects, particularly in mathematical properties like idempotence.

Idempotence
Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/, US: /ˈaɪdəm-/) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency).

The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870 in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality of having) the same power", from idem + potence (same + power).
Duchess Catherine of Oldenburg
Duchess Catherine Frederica Paulina of Oldenburg (9 September 1846 - 11 June 1866) was the daughter of Duke Peter of Oldenburg and Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg, and a great-granddaughter of Paul I of Russia.

Duke Peter of Oldenburg
Duke Constantine Frederick Peter of Oldenburg (German: Konstantin Friedrich Peter; Russian: Пётр Гео́ргиевич Ольденбу́ргский, romanized: Pëtr Geórgievič Ol'denbúrgskij; 26 August [O.S. 14 August] 1812 – 14 May [O.S. 2 May] 1881) was a Duke of the House of Oldenburg. He was the grandfather of Duke Peter of Oldenburg and Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, General of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I. His great-great-grandson, Nicholas Romanov, was the President of the Romanov Family Association until his death in 2014.

Peter was a scholar and philanthropist. He was also noted composer of music. In 1857, he composed the music for Marius Petipa's ballet La Rose, la Violette et le Papillon. The Pas d'Esclave from the ballet Le Corsaire, which is taken from his score for this work, is still heard in theatres all over the world.
Trimethylenemethane
Trimethylenemethane (often abbreviated TMM) is a chemical compound with formula C4H6.  It is a neutral free molecule with two unsatisfied valence bonds, and is therefore a highly reactive free radical.  Formally, it can be viewed as an isobutylene molecule C4H8 with two hydrogen atoms removed from the terminal methyl groups.

Isobutylene
Isobutylene (or 2-methylpropene) is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula (CH3)2C=CH2. It is a four-carbon branched alkene (olefin), one of the four isomers of butylene.  It is a colorless flammable gas, and is of considerable industrial value.
2006 Royal Bank Cup
The 2006 Royal Bank Cup was the 36th Junior "A" 2006 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.

The Royal Bank Cup was competed for by the winners of the Doyle Cup, Anavet Cup, Dudley Hewitt Cup, the Fred Page Cup and the host city, the Streetsville Derbys of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League, with teams from the Alberta Junior Hockey League, British Columbia Hockey League, Central Junior A Hockey League, Manitoba Junior Hockey League, Maritime Junior A Hockey League, Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League, OPJHL, Quebec Junior AAA Hockey League, Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League, and Superior International Junior Hockey League.

The tournament was hosted by the Streetsville Derbys and ran from May 6 until May 14, 2006 with games played at the Powerade Centre in Brampton, Ontario.

Quebec Junior Hockey League
The Ligue de hockey junior AAA du Québec (LHJQ) or Quebec Junior Hockey League (QJHL) is a Hockey Québec Canadian Junior A ice hockey league and is a member of Hockey Canada and the Canadian Junior Hockey League.  The winner of the QJHL playoffs competes for the Fred Page Cup against the winners of the Central Canada Hockey League and the Maritime Junior Hockey League and the host team, which is on a three-year cycle between the MJHL, CCHL and LHJQ.  The winner of the Fred Page Cup then moves on to compete for the Centennial Cup.
Jack Beeton
Jack Beeton (born 17 November 2007) is an Australian racing driver who is set to compete in Indy NXT with HMD Motorsports.

Born and raised in the Gold Coast, Beeton was the 2023 Formula 4 South East Asia champion and the 2024 Italian F4 vice-champion. He then moved up to Formula Regional Europe for 2025 with Prema, but a difficult season saw him switch stateside to Indy NXT in 2026.

2023 Formula 4 South East Asia Championship
The 2023 Formula 4 South East Asia Championship was the fifth season of the Formula 4 South East Asia Championship and the first one since 2019. Top Speed was appointed as the new organizer and promoter as the series switched to the Tatuus F4-T421 car, the Abarth engine and the Giti tires.
Eya Laure
Ejiya "Eya" Cruz Laure (born March 21, 1999) is a Filipino volleyball player for the Choco Mucho Flying Titans of the Premier Volleyball League (PVL). She is a former team captain of UST Golden Tigresses volleyball team in the UAAP and previously played for Chery Tiggo Crossovers in the Premier Volleyball League. She is a member of the Philippines women's national volleyball team.

Premier Volleyball League
The Premier Volleyball League (PVL) is the top-level professional women's volleyball league in the Philippines organized by the Sports Vision Management Group, Inc. The PVL was established in 2004 as the inter-collegiate Shakey's V-League (SVL) until  it rebranded to the current entity in 2017. Prior to becoming a full-fledged professional league in 2021, the PVL was open to participation of corporate owned semi-professional clubs and non-collegiate teams backed by local governments.

The PVL previously operated men's and collegiate divisions before they were spun-off into Spikers' Turf and the V-League, respectively, both are also operated by Sports Vision.

The Creamline Cool Smashers are the most successful team with ten titles, which included the league's only Grand Slam in the 2024 season.
Karang Bolong Beach (Nusa Kambangan)
Karang Bolong Beach (Indonesian for "Holed Coral") is a white-sand beach on the island of Nusa Kambangan in Cilacap Regency, Central Java. Located on the eastern end of the island inside a nature reserve, the beach is situated near an old Dutch fortress, also known as Karang Bolong.

Nusa Kambangan
Nusa Kambangan is an island located in Indonesia, separated by a narrow strait from the south coast of Java. The closest port is Cilacap in Central Java province. It is known as the place where the fabled wijayakusuma, which translates as the 'flower of victory' in the highest literary register of the Javanese language, grows. The wijayakusuma can be used to bring a person back from the dead, and the princes of the Sultanate of Mataram and later the Surakarta Sunanate sent to the island for the blooms in order to become kings. Thus the island is also known as pulau bunga-bungaan, the 'island of many flowers'. There is a forest reserve on the island. One of the main cultural events is Sedekah Laut (sea sacrifice), which is held by the Surakarta Sunanate every Satu Suro (new year) in the Javanese calendar. Since the Dutch colonial period, there have been a number of supermax prisons on the island, some of which are still operational and run by the Ministry of Immigration and Correction.
Proctor
Proctor (a variant of procurator) is a person who takes charge of, or acts for, another.

The title is used in England and some other English-speaking countries in three principal contexts:

In law, a proctor is a historical class of lawyers, and the King's (or Queen's) Proctor is a senior government lawyer.

In religion, a proctor represents the clergy in Church of England dioceses.

In education, proctor is the name of university officials in certain universities.

In the United States and some other countries, the word "proctor" is frequently used to describe someone who supervises an examination (i.e. a supervisor or invigilator).

Exam invigilator
An exam invigilator, exam proctor or exam supervisor is someone appointed by an educational institution or an examination board to maintain proper conduct in a particular examination in accordance with exam regulations. Typically, the main duty of an exam invigilator is to watch examination candidates to prevent cheating. The purpose of exam invigilating is to ensure each candidate sits the examination under equal conditions.

Exam invigilators are appointed to a position of trust and are expected to possess integrity and vigilance to conduct examinations in exact accordance with the board’s instructions.
Williams v. Reed
Williams v. Reed, 604 U.S. 168 (2025), is a decision of the United States Supreme Court holding that state laws requiring exhaustion of state administrative remedies are preempted by 42 U.S.C. § 1983 of the federal Ku Klux Klan Act when they prevent a state court from hearing claims challenging delays in the administrative process.

Exhaustion of remedies
The doctrine of exhaustion of remedies prevents a litigant from seeking a remedy in a new court or jurisdiction until all claims or remedies have been exhausted (pursued as fully as possible) in the original one. The doctrine was originally created by case law based on the principles of comity.
2013 British Speedway Championship
The 2013 British Speedway Championship was the 53rd edition of the British Speedway Championship. The Final took place on 13 May at Monmore Green in Wolverhampton, England. The Championship was won by Tai Woffinden, who beat defending champion Scott Nicholls, Chris Harris and Craig Cook in the final heat. It was the first time Woffinden had won the title.

Monmore Green Stadium
Monmore Green Stadium is a greyhound racing and former motorcycle speedway stadium located in Wolverhampton. The stadium has private suites, a restaurant and a number of bars. The venue is owned and operated by Entain Group.
Mazi Sou (song)
"Mazi Sou" (Greek: Μαζί Σου; English: With You) is a song by Greek artist, Helena Paparizou. It was released on the official 'Mazi Sou Soundtrack' as a track on the bonus CD of Υπάρχει Λόγος: Platinum Edition album, and was also a promo and radio single.

Iparhi Logos
Iparhi Logos (Greek: Υπάρχει Λόγος, English: "There is a reason") is the second studio album by Greek singer Helena Paparizou, released on 12 April 2006. Containing 29 songs on two discs, the album was certified gold in five weeks and platinum after five months of its release. It was certified platinum on 1 December 2006 at Iera Odos 30 where Paparizou was performing alongside Nino and Paschalis Terzis at the same certification party as the album The Game of Love. It was re-released on 22 May 2007 as Iparhi Logos: Platinum Edition with a bonus CD-single.  The album to date has been released physically in Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Germany, Austria, Taiwan, Switzerland and Japan.
Aaliyah Nye
Aaliyah Nye (born August 14, 2002) is an American professional basketball player for the Las Vegas Aces of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and Athletes Unlimited Pro Basketball. She played college basketball for the Illinois Fighting Illini and Alabama Crimson Tide.

Illinois Fighting Illini women's basketball
The Illinois Fighting Illini women's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Big Ten Conference. Home games are played at State Farm Center, located on University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's campus in Champaign.
Murder of Emilie Meng
Emilie Anine Skovgaard Meng (31 July 1998 – c. 10 July 2016) was a girl from Korsør, Denmark, who went missing in the early hours of 10 July 2016 from Korsør railway station after a night out with friends. Following a highly publicised search involving police and civilians, her body was discovered on 24 December 2016 in Regnemarks Bakke, Borup, Køge Municipality. A post-mortem examination determined that she had been strangled.

Philip Patrick Westh, a 32-year-old marketing manager was charged with Meng's murder in April 2023. In June 2024, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for her murder, abduction and rape of another girl and the attempted abduction of a third.

Korsør railway station
Korsør railway station (Danish: Korsør Station or previously Korsør Banegård) is a railway station serving the town of Korsør in southwestern Zealand, Denmark. It is located in the northern part of the town, about 3 km (1.9 mi) north of the historic town centre.

Korsør station is located on the main line Copenhagen–Fredericia railway from Copenhagen to Funen and Jutland. The station opened in 1856 as the western terminus of the Vestbanen railway line from Copenhagen to Korsør. The original station was located by the harbour from where there was connection via railway ferry across the Great Belt to Nyborg on the island of Funen. Korsør station was moved to its current location in 1997 with the opening of the railway section of the Great Belt Bridge.

The station offers direct InterCity services to Copenhagen, Funen and Jutland, regional rail services to Copenhagen and Odense operated by the national railway company DSB.
Józef Urbanowicz
Józef Urbanowicz (25 March 1916 – 6 July 1989) was a Soviet and Polish general and political figure. Urbanowicz served as the head of the Main Political Directorate of the Polish Army in (1965–1971) and Vice Minister of Defense of the Polish People's Republic (1968–1984).

Ministry of National Defence (Poland)
The Ministry of National Defence (Polish: Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej [mi.ɲisˈtɛr.stfɔ ɔˈbrɔ.nɘ na.rɔˈdɔ.vɛj], MON [ˈmɔn] ⓘ) is an office of government in Poland headed by the Minister of National Defence. 
It is responsible for the organisation and management of the Polish Armed Forces. During the Second Polish Republic and World War II it was called the Ministry of Military Affairs (Ministerstwo Spraw Wojskowych). Its budget for 2025 was 186,6 billion PLN.
Narquois (racehorse)
Narquois (born 1891, died 16 August 1911) was a racehorse born in Calvados, an Anglo-Norman trotter. He was one of the first sons of the main stallion behind the French Trotter, the head of the Fuschia breed. Like him, Narquois became an excellent competitor, but at the same time was renowned for his ugliness. He usually competed in pairs with his half-sister, the mare Nitouche.

In 1895, he lowered the French trotting mile record to 1' 29'' 75, and also set the European speed record over 3,200 meters. Acquired by the Haras Nationaux, he was put to stud at the Haras National de Saint-Lô until 1911, when he was slaughtered. Such was his success with breeders that specific conditions of access to breeding had to be established. Narquois sired 255 trotters, including Beaumanoir. He sired two branches of the Conquérant family, which are still very much alive in the French Trotter breed.

A Group 3 harnessed trotting race is named "Prix Narquois" in tribute to him.

Stallion
A stallion is an adult male horse that has not been gelded (castrated). Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" neck, as well as a somewhat more muscular physique as compared to female horses, known as mares, and castrated males, called geldings.

Temperament varies widely based on genetics and training, but because of their instincts as herd animals, they may be prone to aggressive behavior, particularly toward other stallions, and thus require careful management by knowledgeable handlers. With proper training and management, stallions are effective equine athletes at the highest levels of many disciplines, including horse racing, horse shows, and international Olympic competition.

"Stallion" is also used to refer to males of other equids, including zebras and donkeys.
Thomisops lesserti
Thomisops lesserti is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae. It is found across sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal and Guinea in the west to the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Africa in the south.

Thomisidae
The Thomisidae are a family of spiders, including about 170 genera and over 2,100 species. The common name crab spider is often linked to species in this family, but may also be used for spiders from other families. Many members of this family are also known as flower spiders or flower crab spiders.
Dixcove
Dixcove is a coastal village and a fishing community in the Ahanta West district, a district in the Western Region of South Ghana, located approximately 35 km west of the regional capital of Sekondi-Takoradi. The current Paramount Chief of Upper Dixcove is Obrempong Hima Dekyi XIV.

Ahanta West Municipal District
Ahanta West Municipal District is one of the fourteen districts in Western Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988 when it was known as Ahanta West District, which was created from the former Sekondi Takoradi Metropolitan Authority Council, until it was later elevated to municipal district assembly status on 15 March 2018 to become Ahanta West Municipal District. The municipality is located in the southeast part of Western Region and has Agona Nkwanta as its capital town.

Geographically, it is the closest land region to Null Island (0°N 0°E﻿ / ﻿0°N 0°E﻿ / 0; 0).
Pardosa thorelli
Pardosa thorelli is a species of wolf spider in the genus Pardosa that is endemic to Norway. The spider was first described in 1876 and named 'Lycosa thorelli' but was moved to its current status in 1955. Its taxonomy is disputed and the arachnologists Kjetil Aakra and Erling Haugesuggest suggest that it is a member of the genus Acantholycosa. It is hairy and generally dark brown to black without distinctive markings. The male spider can be distinguished from related spiders by its large feet. The female has an unusual epigyne that has a raised brownish shield in the middle of a pear-shaped field.

Wolf spider
Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae (from Ancient Greek  λύκος (lúkos) 'wolf'), named for their robust and agile hunting skills and excellent eyesight.

They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and usually do not spin webs. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or chasing it over short distances; others wait for passing prey in or near the mouth of a burrow.

Wolf spiders resemble nursery web spiders (family Pisauridae), but wolf spiders carry their egg sacs by attaching them to their spinnerets, while the Pisauridae carry their egg sacs with their chelicerae and pedipalps.

Two of the wolf spider's eight eyes are large and prominent; this distinguishes them from nursery web spiders, whose eyes are all of roughly equal size. This can also help distinguish them from the similar-looking grass spiders.
Sang, Uttarakhand
Sang (Jadhang) is a small hilly village in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. A tributary of the Jadh Ganga, itself an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place.

Mana Pass and some of the nearby villages are Tirpani, Nelang and Pulam Sumda, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.

To boost the astrotourism in India, the government is setting up an observatory here under the Vibrant Villages programme.

Mana Pass
Mana Pass (Hindi: माणा दर्रा, romanized: Māṇā Darrā) is one of the highest vehicle-accessible passes in the world, containing a road constructed in the 2005-2010 period for the Indian military by the Border Roads Organisation and visible on 2011 imagery on visual globe systems such as Google Earth.  The well-graded gravel-dirt road is higher on the Indian side than the new road on the Tibetan side, and rises to 5,610 metres (18,406 ft) on the Indian side of the border, 250 m west of the low point of the 5,632 metres (18,478 ft) Mana Pass SRTM.
Gondophares
Gondophares I (Greek: Γονδοφαρης Gondopharēs, Υνδοφερρης Hyndopherrēs; Kharosthi: 𐨒𐨂𐨡𐨥𐨪 Gu-da-pha-ra, Gudaphara; 𐨒𐨂𐨡𐨥𐨪𐨿𐨣 Gu-da-pha-rna, Gudapharna; 𐨒𐨂𐨡𐨂𐨵𐨪 Gu-du-vha-ra, Guduvhara) was the founder of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom and its most prominent king, ruling from 19 to 46. He probably belonged to a line of local princes who had governed the Parthian province of Drangiana since its disruption by the Indo-Scythians in c. 129 BC, and may have been a member of the House of Suren. During his reign, his kingdom became independent from Parthian authority and was transformed into an empire, which encompassed Drangiana, Arachosia, and Gandhara. He is generally known from the Acts of Thomas, the Takht-i-Bahi inscription, and  silver and copper coins bearing his visage.

He was succeeded in Drangiana and Arachosia by Orthagnes, and in Gandhara by his nephew Abdagases I.

Kharosthi
Kharosthi script (Gāndhārī: 𐨑𐨪𐨆𐨮𐨿𐨛𐨁𐨌 𐨫𐨁𐨤𐨁, romanized: kharoṣṭhī lipi), also known as the Gandhari script (𐨒𐨌𐨣𐨿𐨢𐨌𐨪𐨁𐨌 𐨫𐨁𐨤𐨁, gāndhārī lipi), was an ancient Indic script originally developed in the Gandhara Region of the north-western Indian subcontinent, between the 5th and 3rd century BCE. Primarily used by the people of Gandhara in various parts of South Asia and Central Asia, Kharosthi remained in use until it died out in its homeland around the 5th century CE. It was also in use in Bactria, the Kushan Empire, Sogdia, and along the Silk Road. There is some evidence it may have survived until the 7th century in Khotan and Niya, both cities in Tarim Basin.
Boing (TV channel)
Boing is the brand name used by the International division of Warner Bros. Discovery co-owned by Mediaset for a collection of television networks outside of the United States that target children and teenagers.

As of April 3, 2023, Boing-branded channels exist in Italy (its flagship service), Spain, and in Africa, while a weekend morning programming block formerly aired on the WarnerMedia-owned Chilevisión (now owned by Vytal Group) in Chile and TV2 in Turkey (previously TNT).

TV2 (Turkish TV channel)
TV2 (stylised in all lowercase) is a Turkish entertainment channel owned by the Demirören Group. The channel launched on 18 August 2012, with the tv2 name to replace TNT, which had decided to withdraw from the Turkish market due to difficulty. In 10 October 2016, the channel changed its name to teve2. Like most Turkish channels, both local and foreign programs are shown on the channel, and the foreign programs may be broadcast either dubbed or in their original language. The channel is mostly known for its broadcast of the game show Kelime Oyunu (Word Game in English). On 31 December 2025, the channel reverted its name to TV2.
Claus Dunne
Nicholas "Claus" Dunne (1944 – 27 March 2015) was an Irish hurler who played as a centre-forward for Kilkenny.

Born in Mooncoin, County Kilkenny, Dunne first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty when he first linked up with the Kilkenny under-21. He made his senior debut during the 1964-65 league. Dunne went on to enjoy a successful career with Kilkenny and won two All-Ireland medals, two Leinster medals and one National Hurling League medal. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on two occasions.

As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team, Dunne won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he was a one-time championship medallist with Mooncoin.

Dunne made 12 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1973 championship.

1973 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1973 was the 87th series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition.  Limerick won the championship, beating Kilkenny 1–21 to 1–14 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.