hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence controversies
There have been many debates on the societal effects of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in the late 2010s and 2020s, beginning with the accelerated period of development known as the AI boom. Advocates of AI have emphasized its potential to solve complex problems and improve the quality of life of humans. Detractors have argued that AI presents dangers and challenges involving ethics, plagiarism and theft, fraud, safety and alignment, environment impacts, unemployment, misinformation, artificial superintelligence and existential risks.

Ethics of artificial intelligence
The ethics of artificial intelligence covers a broad range of topics within AI that are considered to have particular ethical stakes. This includes algorithmic biases, fairness, accountability, transparency, privacy, and regulation, particularly where systems influence or automate human decision-making. It also covers various emerging or potential future challenges such as machine ethics (how to make machines that behave ethically), lethal autonomous weapon systems, arms race dynamics, AI safety and alignment, technological unemployment, AI-enabled misinformation, how to treat certain AI systems if they have a moral status (AI welfare and rights), artificial superintelligence and existential risks.

Some application areas may also have particularly important ethical implications, like healthcare, education, criminal justice, or the military.
Jalore Assembly constituency
Jalore Assembly constituency is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India. It is in Jalore district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes.

Jalore district
Jalore district is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The city of Jalore is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district has an area of 10,640 km2 (4,108 sq mi) (3.11 percent of Rajasthan's area), and a population of 1,828,730 (2011 census), with a population density of 136 persons per square kilometre.
Dipak Misra
Dipak Misra (born 3 October 1953) is an Indian jurist who served as the 45th Chief Justice of India from 28 August 2017 till 2 October 2018. He is also a former Chief Justice of the Patna High Court and Delhi High Court. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Misra, the 21st Chief Justice of India from 1990 to 1991.

Chief Justice of India
The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India and the highest-ranking officer of the Indian judiciary. The Constitution of India grants power to the president of India to appoint the chief justice, as recommended by the outgoing chief justice in consultation with other judges of the Supreme Court.The chief justice serves until the age of 65 or if removed early by the constitutional process of impeachment. The chief justice ranks sixth in the Order of precedence in India. As head of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and other administrative functions of the Court.

Surya Kant is the incumbent and 53rd chief justice of India, and was appointed on 24th November 2025.
Farmall 60 series tractors
The Farmall 60 series tractors are general-purpose row-crop tractors that replaced the larger models of the Farmall letter series beginning in 1958. Produced from 1958 to 1963, the Farmall 460 and 560 tractors represented a modernization of the Farmall H and Farmall M respectively, with higher-horsepower 6-cylinder engines in a restyled body. The heavy general-purpose 660 was sold under the International brand, and was a successor to the McCormick-Deering W series tractors.

Farmall M
The Farmall M is a large three-plow row crop tractor produced by International Harvester under the Farmall brand from 1939 to 1953. It was of International Harvester's "letter series". It succeeded the Farmall F-30. The M was incrementally updated with new model numbers as the MD Super M, Super MD Super M-TA, but remained essentially the same machine. The original M used an International Harvester C248 4-cylinder in-line engine. Production of all versions lasted until 1954, when it was replaced by the Farmall 400, which was essentially the same machine with updated sheet metal.
C-command
In generative grammar and related frameworks, a node in a parse tree c-commands its sister node and all of its sister's descendants. In these frameworks, c-command plays a central role in defining and constraining operations such as syntactic movement, binding, and scope. Tanya Reinhart introduced c-command in 1976 as a key component of her theory of anaphora. The term is short for "constituent command".

Constituent (linguistics)
In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure. The constituent structure of sentences is identified using tests for constituents.  These tests apply to a portion of a sentence, and  the results provide evidence about the constituent structure of the sentence. Many constituents are phrases. A phrase is a sequence of one or more words (in some theories two or more) built around a head lexical item and working as a unit within a sentence. A word sequence is shown to be a phrase/constituent if it exhibits one or more of the behaviors discussed below. The analysis of constituent structure is associated mainly with phrase structure grammars, although dependency grammars also allow sentence structure to be broken down into constituent parts.
19848 Yeungchuchiu
19848 Yeungchuchiu (provisional designation 2000 TR) is a stony Eos asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 2 October 2000 by Canadian amateur astronomer William Yeung at the Desert Beaver Observatory in Arizona, United States. It is the largest object found by the discoverer, just 1°.2 west of Jupiter, who named it after his father, Chu Chiu Yeung.

Eos family
The Eos family (adj. Eoan /iːˈoʊən/; FIN: 606) is a very large asteroid family located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. This family of K-type asteroids is believed to have formed as a result of an ancient catastrophic collision. The family's parent body is the asteroid 221 Eos.
Astrological progression
Astrological progressions are one of the main means used in Horoscopic astrology to forecast future trends and developments (the other means is transits, which are simply the ongoing movements of the planets across the sky). As its name implies, astrological progression involves a method of progressing the Horoscope forward from the moment of the birth or beginning of the subject into the future, and is most usually done for the birth or natal chart of a particular individual.

There are two main forms of progression: Secondary progression or 'a-day-for-a-year' progression; and Solar arc direction or 'a-degree-for-a-year' progression. In both systems, the planets, Ascendant, and Midheaven are all seen to have changed position in the progressed chart, and these changes are noted. Particular attention is paid to changes of zodiac signs and houses, and to the angles or aspects the progressed planets form with the original natal chart.

House (astrology)
Most horoscopic traditions of astrology systems divide the horoscope into a number (usually twelve) of houses whose positions depend on time and location rather than on date. The houses of the horoscope represent different fields of experience wherein the energies of the signs and planets operate—described in terms of physical surroundings as well as personal life experiences.
Kopu, New Zealand
Kopu is a settlement in on the Coromandel Peninsula in New Zealand's North Island. It is located near Thames, in the Thames-Coromandel District in the Waikato region.

Kopu is located on the Waihou River and features the Kopu Bridge.

Thames, New Zealand
Thames (/tɛmz/ ⓘ) is a town at the southwestern end of the Coromandel Peninsula in New Zealand's North Island. It is located on the Firth of Thames close to the mouth of the Waihou River. The town is the seat of the Thames-Coromandel District Council. The Māori iwi are Ngāti Maru, who are descendants of Marutuahu's son Te Ngako. Ngāti Maru is part of the Marutūāhu confederation of iwi.

Thames had an estimated population of 15,000 in 1870, but this declined to 4,500 in 1881, and it has increased modestly since. It is still the biggest town on the Coromandel Peninsula. Until 2016, a historical oak tree that was planted by Governor George Grey stood on the corner of Grey and Rolleston streets.
Donald W. Shea
Donald William Shea (April 15, 1936 – May 18, 2016) was an American Army officer and Catholic priest who served as the 19th Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army from 1994 to 1999.

Shea went to seminary at the Saint Paul Seminary in St. Paul, MN. Ordained a priest for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Helena in 1962, Brigadier General Shea was granted the honorary title of monsignor by Pope John Paul II in 1991. He was designated a protonotary apostolic supernumerary in 2002 after his military retirement and return to Montana in 1999. He is one of four alumni of the Saint Paul Seminary in St. Paul, MN to become the Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army, the other three being Patrick J. Ryan, Francis L. Sampson, and Patrick J. Hessian.

Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army
The chief of chaplains of the United States Army (CCH) is the chief supervising officer of the U.S. Army Chaplain Corps. (Chaplains do not hold commanding authority.)  From 1775 to 1920, chaplains were attached to separate units. The Office of the Chief of Chaplains was created by the National Defense Act of 1920 in order to better organize the chaplaincy. Chaplain (Major General) William Green Jr. is the current chief of chaplains.
Episcopal Diocese of Wyoming
The Episcopal Church in Wyoming is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America with jurisdiction over the state of Wyoming, except for one congregation in western Wyoming which is included in the Episcopal Diocese of Idaho. It was established in 1887 and is in Province VI. Its cathedral, St Matthew's Episcopal Cathedral is in Laramie while the diocesan offices are in Casper.

The diocese reported 6,935 members in 2016 and 5,670 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 national parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 45 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $6,851,589. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 1,428 persons.

Paul-Gordon Chandler was the 10th bishop of Wyoming. His consecration was held on February 13, 2021, in Laramie, Wyoming, and he served until voluntarily accepting a sentence of deposition from ordained ministry in March 2024. He succeeded John Sheridan Smylie.

Episcopal Diocese of Idaho
The Episcopal Diocese of Idaho is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, with jurisdiction over Idaho south of the Salmon River, and one congregation in western Wyoming. Located in Province 8, its cathedral is St. Michael's in Boise, as are the diocesan offices.

Congregations in northern Idaho are part of the Episcopal Diocese of Spokane.

The diocese reported 4,775 members in 2017 and 3,297 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 27 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $3,509,915. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 1,102 persons.
Sivaraman Cheriyanad
Sivaraman Cheriyanad was a Malayalam-language writer from Kerala, India. He wrote short stories, novels and children's literature, besides contributing to scholarly literature including studies on the works of Parappurath and Malayattoor Ramakrishnan. He received the Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award and A. P. Kalakkad Award. He was also a school teacher and a recipient of the National Teachers Award.

Parappurath
Kizhakkepainummoodu Easo Mathai, better known by his pen name Parappurath (1924–1981), was an Indian novelist, short story writer and screenwriter who wrote in the Malayalam language. His body of work comprises 20 novels, 14 short story anthologies and 15 screenplays. He was a recipient of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story (1966), Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel (1968) and Kerala State Film Award for Best Story (twice 1970 and 1972), amongst other honours.
Diósgyőri Stadion (1939)
Diósgyőri Stadion was a multi-purpose stadium in Miskolc, Hungary. It was the playing field of the local football association and was the home of the Diósgyőri VTK. It had a capacity of approximately 17,000.

Diósgyőri VTK
Diósgyőri Vasgyárak Testgyakorló Köre, more commonly Diósgyőri VTK (Hungarian: [ˈdioːʒɟøːri ˈveːteːkaː]) is a professional football club, part of the Hungarian sports club from Diósgyőr district of Miskolc. Founded in 1910 by the local working class youth, the club plays in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, the top flight of Hungarian football, and has spent most of its history in the top tier. Diósgyőr is best known for its passionate supporters – in the past years, Diósgyőr had one of the highest average attendances in the Hungarian top division. The football club enjoyed its first golden age in the late 1970s and early 1980s, including a third-place finish in the 1978–79 season of the Hungarian League and two Hungarian Cup triumphs in 1977 and 1980.
KPTV
KPTV (channel 12) is a television station in Portland, Oregon, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Gray Media alongside Vancouver, Washington–licensed MyNetworkTV affiliate KPDX (channel 49). The two stations share studios on NW Greenbrier Parkway in Beaverton; KPTV's transmitter is located in the Sylvan-Highlands section of Portland.

Gray Media
Gray Media, Inc. is an American publicly traded television broadcasting company based in Atlanta. Founded in 1946 by James Harrison Gray as Gray Communications Systems, the company is the third-largest television station operator in the United States by number of stations, owning or operating 180 stations across the United States in 113 markets. Its station base consists of media markets ranging from as large as Atlanta to one of the smallest markets, North Platte, Nebraska.

In terms of quantity and numerical total, Gray Media is the largest group owner and operator of NBC-affiliated stations (with a total of 64 affiliates), ahead of Nexstar Media Group and Tegna Inc., and the second-largest group owner and operator of ABC affiliates, behind Sinclair Broadcast Group.
Cebupithecia
Cebupithecia is an extinct genus of New World monkeys from the Middle Miocene (Laventan in the South American land mammal ages; 13.8 to 11.8 million years ago). Its remains have been found at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia. The type species is C. sarmientoi.

Laventan
The Laventan (Spanish: Laventense) age is a period of geologic time (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) within the Middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Colloncuran and precedes the Mayoan age.
Qayum Karzai
Abdul Qayum Karzai (Pashto: قيوم کرزی; 1947 – 29 May 2024) was an Afghan politician and businessman. He was the elder brother of former President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired for health reasons and had "reportedly been involved in backchannel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia."

It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepared his departure from office in 2014.

Under pressure from his brother Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul.

Mahmud Karzai
Mahmood Karzai, also spelled Mahmud Karzai, or Mahmoud Karzai (born 1957) is an Afghan businessman. He was the third of the six children and son of a prominent political figure, Abdul Ahad Karzai who was a member of the Afghan National Assembly during King Zahir Shah's time. Mahmood Karzai is currently the Chairman and President of the AFCO International LLC. He is the elder brother of the former president of Afghanistan, Hamid Karzai and he is also the brother of Ahmed Wali Karzai, a politician in Afghanistan who served as Chairman of the Kandahar Provincial Council and was killed by his bodyguard in Afghanistan.
Kiratto Pri Chan
Kiratto Pri Chan (キラッとプリ☆チャン, Kiratto Puri☆Chan), short for Sparkling Prism☆Channel, is a Japanese arcade game by Takara Tomy Arts. It is the successor to PriPara and Idol Time PriPara and the third entry in Takara Tomy's Pretty Series.

An anime television series adaptation by Tatsunoko Production and DongWoo A&E began airing from April 8, 2018  to May 30, 2021, It was followed by Waccha PriMagi! on October 3, 2021.

PriPara
PriPara (プリパラ, PuriPara; short for Prism Paradise) is a Japanese arcade video game by Takara Tomy and the successor of the Pretty Rhythm series of arcade video games, as well as the second entry in the Pretty Series. An anime television series adaptation by Tatsunoko Production and DongWoo A&E, comprising three seasons, aired from July 5, 2014, to March 28, 2017. A second animation adaption, Idol Time PriPara, premiered on April 4, 2017. A mobile game, Idol Land PriPara, was released on August 17, 2023, along with a web series. There were also four animated films produced.
Jelena Genčić
Jelena Genčić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јелена Генчић, pronounced [jělena ɡěntʃitɕ]; 9 October 1936 – 1 June 2013) was a Serbian tennis and handball player and coach.

In the 1970s she became a junior tennis coach and was later credited for playing a major role in the early development of numerous future top class professional players and Grand Slam champions. Among the players she discovered and coached are Monica Seles, Novak Djokovic, Goran Ivanišević, Mima Jaušovec, Iva Majoli, and Tatjana Ječmenica. Genčić-coached players went on to collect 36 Grand Slam single titles: Djokovic 24, Seles 9, Ivanišević 1, Jaušovec 1, and Majoli 1.

Tatjana Ječmenica
Tatjana Ječmenica-Jevtić (Serbian Cyrillic: Татјана Јечменица-Јевтић; 4 July 1978 – 13 February 2026) was a Serbian professional tennis player. From 2014 until her death, she was captain of Serbia Fed Cup team. This was her second stint at the helm; she had previously led the team between 2005 and 2007.

Ječmenica won six singles and three doubles titles on the ITF Circuit in her career. On 24 June 1996, she reached her best singles ranking at world No. 72. On 29 July 1996, she peaked at No. 88 in doubles rankings. Her sister, Aleksandra also played professional tennis.

In Grand Slams her best result was reaching the second round at the US Open in 1995 and at the French Open in 1996.

Ječmenica died in a traffic collision on 13 February 2026, at the age of 47. She is survived by her husband, Darko Jevtić – who was in the same vehicle and remains in critical condition as of 14 February 2026 – and her son, Aleksa. Novak Djoković shared his condolences on her death via Instagram story.
Homotopical algebra
In mathematics, homotopical algebra is a collection of concepts comprising the nonabelian aspects of homological algebra, and possibly the abelian aspects as special cases.  The homotopical nomenclature stems from the fact that a  common approach to such generalizations is via abstract homotopy theory, as in nonabelian algebraic topology, and in particular the theory of closed model categories.

This subject has received much attention in recent years due to new foundational work of Vladimir Voevodsky, Eric Friedlander, Andrei Suslin, and others resulting in the A1 homotopy theory for quasiprojective varieties over a field.  Voevodsky has used this new algebraic homotopy theory to prove the Milnor conjecture (for which he was awarded the Fields Medal) and later, in collaboration with Markus Rost, the full Bloch–Kato conjecture.

Higher-dimensional algebra
In mathematics, especially (higher) category theory, higher-dimensional algebra is the study of categorified structures. It has applications in nonabelian algebraic topology, and generalizes abstract algebra.
Mastoid foramen
The mastoid foramen is a hole in the posterior border of the temporal bone. It transmits an emissary vein between the sigmoid sinus and the suboccipital venous plexus, and a small branch of the occipital artery, the posterior meningeal artery to the dura mater.

Temporal bone
The temporal bone is a paired bone situated at the sides and base of the skull, lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides of the head known as the temples where four of the cranial bones fuse. Each temple is covered by a temporal muscle. The temporal bones house the structures of the ears. The lower seven cranial nerves and the major vessels to and from the brain traverse the temporal bone.
Jasti Chelameswar
Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme Court judge. He was the chief justice of the Kerala High Court from 2010 to 2011 and of the Gauhati High Court from 2007 to 2010. He was also one of the four Supreme Court judges (along with Kurian Joseph, Ranjan Gogoi and Madan Lokur) who said they felt "compelled to call" a press conference over Chief Justice Dipak Misra's style of administration and allocation of cases.

Madan Lokur
Madan Bhimarao Lokur (born 31 December 1953) is an Indian jurist. He is Chairperson, United Nations Internal Justice Council. He is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. He is also a former chief justice of the Andhra Pradesh High Court and Gauhati High Court and judge of the Delhi High Court.
Arkansas Highway 22
Arkansas Highway 22 (AR 22) is an east–west state highway in the Arkansas River Valley. The route runs 75.60 miles (121.67 km) from US 64 in Fort Smith east to Highway 7 in Dardanelle. Following the historic stagecoach line of the cross-country Butterfield Trail, the route is one of the original 1926 state highways. It is designated by the AHTD as the True Grit Trail.

Arkansas Highway 7
Arkansas Highway 7 (AR 7) is a north–south state highway in Arkansas, United States. As Arkansas's longest state highway, the route runs 297.27 miles (478.41 km) from the Louisiana state line north to Diamond City. With the exception of the segment north of Harrison, Highway 7 has been designated as an Arkansas Scenic Byway and a National Forest Scenic Byway. The road passes through the heart of both the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains, and features scenic views. It's the route favored by motorcycle riders touring the region.
Public housing estates in Tuen Mun
The following is an overview of public housing estates in Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS), Sandwich Class Housing Scheme (SCHS), Flat-for-Sale Scheme (FFSS), Subsidised Sale Flats Project (SSFP), and Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) estates.

Flat-for-Sale Scheme
Flat-for-Sale Scheme is a housing development scheme by Hong Kong Housing Society in the 1980s. The flats under the scheme are for sale at a concessionary price.  It is similar to Home Ownership Scheme by Hong Kong Housing Authority.

The first estate was the Clague Garden Estate.