hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Huang Juezi
Huang Juezi  (1793 – 1853) was a Chinese Qing dynasty scholar and civil servant and a fervent opponent of the opium trade. His 1838 official memorial to the Daoguang Emperor detailing the problems caused by opium helped lead to the appointment of Lin Zexu as Imperial Commissioner responsible for tackling the opium problem, a move that would ultimately result in the First Opium War with Great Britain.

Lin Zexu
Lin Zexu (30 August 1785 – 22 November 1850), courtesy name Yuanfu, was a Chinese political philosopher and politician. He was a head of state (Viceroy), Governor General, scholar-official, and under the Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynasty best known for his role in the First Opium War of 1839–42. He was from Fuzhou, Fujian Province. Lin's forceful opposition to the opium trade was a primary catalyst for the First Opium War. He is praised for his constant position on the "moral high ground" in his fight, but he is also blamed for a rigid approach which failed to account for the domestic and international complexities of the problem. The Emperor endorsed the hardline policies and anti-drugs movement advocated by Lin, but placed all responsibility for the resulting disastrous Opium War onto Lin. However, Lin's efforts against the opium trade was appreciated by drug prohibition activists and revered as a culture hero in Chinese culture, symbolizes drug abuse resistance in China.
Joe Crozier (footballer, born 1914)
Joseph Crozier (2 December 1914 – 27 July 1985) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 200 appearances in the Football League for Brentford as a goalkeeper. Crozier has been described as Brentford's best-ever goalkeeper and he is a member of the club's Hall of Fame. He represented Scotland in wartime international matches.

Brentford F.C. Hall of Fame
Brentford Football Club is an English professional football club based in Brentford, London. Between 1897 and 1920, the first team competed in the London League, Southern League and Western League. Since 1920, the first team has competed in the Football League, the Premier League and other nationally and internationally organised competitions. All players who have been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame are listed below.

The Brentford Hall of Fame was founded in 1991 and the inaugural inductions were former players Idris Hopkins, Joe James and former player and manager Malky MacDonald. 10 former players and staff members were the most recent inductees in November 2024 and the total number of inductees is 69. The Hall of Fame is administered jointly by the club and the Brentford F.C. Former Players’ Association.
Caledonia-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Caledonia-4 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Caledonia-4 District includes all of the Caledonia County towns of Burke, Lyndon, and Sutton.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Caledonia-4 District had a population of 8,020 in that same census, 1.21% below the state average.

Vermont House of Representatives districts
Vermont's state House of Representatives consists of 150 members elected from 108 single or two-member districts as provided for in the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. census.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4059 residents per representative.
Aeronix Airelle
The Aeronix Airelle is a tandem wing ultralight with twin engines in push-pull configuration, that was designed and built in France at the start of the millennium. It was intended to be homebuilt from kits, and a few prototypes were constructed, but development ended when the company went into receivership in 2006.

Tandem wing
A tandem wing is a wing configuration in which a flying craft or animal has two or more sets of wings set one behind another. All the wings contribute to lift.

The tandem wing is distinct from the biplane in which the wings are stacked one above another, or from the canard or "tail-first" configuration where the forward surface is much smaller and does not contribute significantly to the overall lift.

In aviation, tandem wings have long been experimented with, but few designs have ever been put into production.

Tandem wings in nature occur only in insects and flying fish, although in the past there have been tandem-wing flying reptiles.
Copilco
Copilco was an important Mesoamerican ceremonial center, southwest of Mexico City, Mexico. Copilco is located approximately four kilometers north of Cuicuilco. Both were covered by lava from several eruptions of the Xitle volcano three thousand years ago.

It is very likely that founding, development and destiny of both cities had common causes, from their geographical location, and chronology.

The area is located on the west side of Coyoacán or Coyohuacán (Nahuatl: coyō-hua-cān, 'place of coyotes') in the area covered by the lava from the Xitle volcano (according to Chronicles, one eruption of the volcano occurred on April 24, 76).

Cuicuilco
Cuicuilco is an important archaeological site located on the southern shore of Lake Texcoco in the southeastern Valley of Mexico, in what is today the borough of Tlalpan in Mexico City.

Construction of the Cuicuilco pyramid began a few centuries BCE, during the Late Preclassic period of Mesoamerican history. The site was occupied until its destruction by the eruption of Xitle, sometime between 245 and 315 CE.

Based on its date of occupation, Cuicuilco may be the oldest city in the Valley of Mexico and was roughly contemporary with, and possibly interacting with, the Olmecs of Mexico's Gulf Coast region (also known as the Olmec heartland).
Eskild Andersen Kongsbakke
Eskild Andersen (alternatively spelled Eskil; later given the epithet Kongsbakke; c. 1620 – c. 1674), also known by his initials EAK, was a Danish commander and governor of Danish India from 1655 to his death in 1674, co-leading with Henrik Eggers and Sivert Adeler from 1669.

Born in about 1620 in Kungsbacka (Danish: Kongsbakke), present-day Sweden, Kongsbakke would go into the service of the Danish East India Company in 1639. In the same year, he would depart for India on the Christianshavn as the last Danish voyage to India until 1669. Arriving in India, Kongsbakke slowly climbed the Company's hierarchy, becoming the commander of Fort Dansborg in 1655 and thereby also the governor of Tranquebar.

During his governorship, Kongsbakke became the only Dane in the colony and relied on foreign support to defend Dansborg from the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom. Kongsbakke died in Tranquebar in about 1674 and was succeeded by Henrik Eggers and Sivert Adeler.

Danish East India Company
The Danish East India Company (Danish: Ostindisk Kompagni) refers to two separate Danish-Norwegian chartered companies. The first company operated between 1616 and 1650. The second company existed between 1670 and 1729, however, in 1730 it was re-founded as the Asiatic Company (Danish: Asiatisk Kompagni).
Civil Administration Area of Luxembourg
The Civil Administration Area of Luxembourg (German: CdZ-Gebiet Luxemburg), also translated as the Territory of the Chief of Civil Administration of Luxembourg, was an administrative division of Gau Moselland from 1940 to 1944.

Gau Moselland
The Gau Moselland, formed as Gau Koblenz-Trier in June 1931, was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the Prussian Rhine Province. Before that, from 1931 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area. On 24 January 1941, the Gau was renamed Gau Moselland, Mosel being the German name of the river Moselle. Following the 1940 German conquest of Luxembourg, the country was subsequently annexed on 30 August 1942 and made part of Gau Moselland.
Bert & Ernie Sing-Along
Bert and Ernie Sing Along is a Sesame Street album released in 1975 that involved the entire cast of humans and Muppets doing a sing-along in Bert and Ernie's bathroom. The songs and dialog were recorded exclusively for this album.  A year later, however, elements of this album were re-imaged into a television storyline for the Sesame Street TV program (episode #900).  The album was scripted by Joseph A. Bailey and originally conceived as a radio program.  Bailey worked on the televised version of the story as well.

The album cover is a little misleading as it shows a happy Bert with Ernie at a piano with sheets of music, while Bert, throughout the album, is mostly anything but happy with the situation.

The entire album was released on CD for the first time on the 3-disc set Old School: Volume 1, with other Sesame Street albums The Sesame Street Book & Record, and Big Bird Sings!

Bert and Ernie
Bert and Ernie are two Muppet characters who appear together in numerous skits on the PBS/HBO children's television show Sesame Street. Ernie acts the role of the naïve and exuberant troublemaker, while Bert is  the world-weary foil.

Originated by Frank Oz and Jim Henson, the characters are currently performed by puppeteers Eric Jacobson and Peter Linz.
Glorious Oxenham
Glorious Marie Oxenham QSM, nicknamed Glo Oxenham and Aunty Glo, is a Solomon Islands-born New Zealand teacher and cultural advocate. She has promoted Melanesian and Solomon Islands culture and languages in New Zealand for more than 25 years. In addition to her community activism, Oxenham has consulted with New Zealand's diplomatic staff, defence personnel, and police on cultural and political affairs prior to their deployment to the Solomon Islands for peacekeeping missions. For her work, Oxenham was awarded the Queen's Service Medal in December 2021.

King's Service Medal
The King's Service Medal (created as the Queen's Service Medal in 1975 and renamed in 2024) is a medal awarded by the government of New Zealand to recognise and reward volunteer service to the community and also public service in elected or appointed public office. It was established in 1975 and is related to the King's Service Order. The QSM replaced the Imperial Service Medal as an award of New Zealand.

On 3 May 2024, the Queen's Service Medal was renamed to the King's Service Medal by Royal Warrant. Recipients of the Queen's Service Medal from 1975 until May 2024 will continue to use the 'QSM' postnominal letters with recipients of the King's Service Medal from June 2024 using the postnominal letters 'KSM'.
Heer Halewijn
Heer Halewijn (also known as Van Here Halewijn and Jan Albers, and in English The Song of Lord Halewijn) is a Dutch folk tale which survives in folk ballad. Although the first printed version of the song only appears in an anthology published in 1848, the ballad itself is first written down in the 13th century but dates back to pre-Christian times and is one of the oldest Dutch folk songs with ancient subject matter to be recorded. The story of lord Halewijn itself is even older and contains elements going back to Carolingian times. Many of its mythemes range back to Germanic pre-Christian legends.

The song's subject matter is similar in many respects to several Germanic songs circulating in the Middle Ages Europe, notably close to the English ballad May Colvin or False Sir John and its variations, Lady Isabel and the Elf Knight. The legends may have been the prototype of the Legend of Bluebeard.

Bluebeard
"Bluebeard" (French: Barbe bleue [baʁb(ə) blø]) is a French folktale, the most famous surviving version of which was written by Charles Perrault and first published by Claude Barbin in Paris in 1697 in Histoires ou contes du temps passé. The tale is about a wealthy man in the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of the present one to avoid the fate of her predecessors. "The White Dove", "The Robber Bridegroom", and "Fitcher's Bird" (also called "Fowler's Fowl") are tales similar to "Bluebeard". The notoriety of the tale is such that Merriam-Webster gives the word Bluebeard the definition of "a man who marries and kills one wife after another". The verb bluebearding has even appeared as a way to describe the crime of either killing a series of women, or seducing and abandoning a series of women.
Decize coal mine
The Decize Coal Mines were a significant coal mining operation within the Decize-La Machine coal basin, located in the Nièvre department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France. Coal extraction in the region is documented from the 15th century, with industrial operations peaking in the 19th and 20th centuries under the Schneider Company from 1869 to 1946. Nationalized in 1946 under Charbonnages de France, the mines were integrated with the Blanzy Coal Mines until their closure in 1974 after five centuries of activity. The mining legacy endures through preserved remnants such as mine entrances, slag heaps, railways, ruins, workers' housing, and repurposed buildings, profoundly shaping the region’s economic, social, environmental, and cultural landscape.

Schneider-Creusot
Schneider et Compagnie, also known as Schneider-Creusot for its birthplace in the French town of Le Creusot, was a historic iron and steel-mill company which became a major arms manufacturer. In the 1960s, it was taken over by the Belgian Empain group and merged with it in 1969 to form Empain-Schneider, which in 1980 was renamed Schneider SA and in 1999, after much restructuring, Schneider Electric.
Tanadak Island
Tanadak Island (Aleut: Tanaadax) is an island in the Delarof Islands subgroup of the Andreanof Islands in the Aleutian Islands chain of Alaska.
The name was registered by Captain Mikhail Tebenkov of the Imperial Russian Navy in 1852.

The island is about 800 meters long and is located 2.5 km (1.6 mi) west of Ulak Island.

There are two other islands in the Aleutian Island chain named Tanadak Island.  One is located in the Rat Islands archipelago and the other is in the Andreanof Islands off the coast of Amlia.  Both are significantly smaller in area.

Andreanof Islands
The Andreanof Islands (Aleut: Niiĝuĝim tanangis, Russian: Андреяновские острова) are a group of islands in the Aleutian Islands in southwestern Alaska, United States. They are located at about 52° North and 172°57' to 179°09' West.
Martin Newell (priest)
Martin John Newell CP (born 1967) is an English Catholic priest, anti-war campaigner, social activist and climate change protester. He has been involved with a number of high-profile anti-war protests, such as the Plowshares movement, and climate movements such as Christian Climate Action and Extinction Rebellion. He has served several prison terms for his activism while remaining an active priest of the Passionist congregation. He is a leading proponent of the Catholic Worker Movement in the United Kingdom, being the founder of London Catholic Worker.

Plowshares movement
The Plowshares movement is an anti-nuclear weapons and Christian pacifist movement that advocates active resistance to war. The group often practices a form of protest that involves the damaging of weapons and military property. The movement gained notoriety in the early 1980s when several members damaged nuclear warhead nose cones and were subsequently convicted. The name refers to the text of prophet Isaiah who said that swords shall be beaten into plowshares.
Omaha Bus Station
The Omaha Bus Station is an intercity bus station in downtown Omaha, Nebraska. The station, managed by Burlington Trailways, also serves Express Arrow and Jefferson Lines. The current building was constructed in 1948.

Omaha has seen intercity bus transit since about 1917, with early 16 seat buses traveling to Fremont and Blair. In 1929, a Union Bus Depot was constructed on the southwest corner of 16th and Jackson. In 1948, both Greyhound Lines and Trailways constructed new bus stations in the city. This setup lasted until Greyhound took over Trailways in 1987, and consequently moved into the former Trailways station. Today, the former Trailways station is the only intercity bus station in the city.

Greyhound Lines
Greyhound Lines, Inc. is an American operator of intercity bus services. Greyhound operates the largest intercity bus network in the United States, and also operates charter and Amtrak Thruway services, as well as intercity buses in Mexico. Based in Dallas, Texas, Greyhound is a subsidiary of Flix SE, owner of FlixBus. Greyhound serves over 1,600 American destinations. The company's first route began in Hibbing, Minnesota, in 1914 and the company adopted the Greyhound name in 1929.
Maukharis of Gaya
The Maukharis of Gaya were a branch of the Maukhari dynasty that ruled the Magadha region. They were likely the original branch of the Maukharis and a later branch split off from them to establish the more prominent Maukharis of Kannauj. They have been dated from the fifth to the early sixth centuries.

Maukharis of Kannauj
The Maukhari dynasty (Gupta script: , Mau-kha-ri) was a post-Gupta dynasty who controlled the vast plains of Ganga-Yamuna for almost a century from Kannauj. They earlier served as vassals of the Guptas and later of Harsha's Vardhana dynasty. The Maukharis established their independence during the mid-6th century. The dynasty ruled over much of Uttar Pradesh and Magadha. Around 606 CE, a large area of their empire was reconquered by the Later Guptas. According to Xuanzang, the territory may have been lost to King Shashanka of the Gauda Kingdom, who declared independence circa 600CE.
Temple of Janus (Forum Holitorium)
The Temple of Janus (Latin: Aedes Iani) at the Forum Holitorium was a Roman temple dedicated to the god Janus, located between the Capitoline Hill and the Tiber River near the Circus Flaminius in the southern Campus Martius. The temple was built during the First Punic War, after the Temple of Janus in the Roman Forum.

Forum Holitorium
The Forum Holitorium or Olitorium (Latin for the "Market of the Vegetable Sellers"; Italian: Foro Olitorio) is an archaeological area of Rome, Italy, on the slopes of the Capitoline Hill. It was located outside the Carmental Gate in the Campus Martius, crowded between the cattle market (Forum Boarium) and buildings located in the Circus Flaminius.

In ancient times, it was the fruit and vegetable market, while the area of the adjacent Forum Boarium served as a meat market. At its northern end were the temples of Bellona, goddess of war, and Apollo Medicus. It also included a sacred area with three small temples dedicated to Janus, Spes, and Juno Sospita.
Zoo Tower
The Zoo flak tower (German: Flakturm Tiergarten, Tiergarten Flak Tower or commonly referred to as the "Zoo Tower") was a fortified flak tower that existed in Berlin from 1941 to 1947. It was one of several flak towers that protected Berlin from Allied bomber raids. Its primary role was as a gun platform to protect the government building district of Berlin; in addition, the Hochbunker (blockhouse) was designed to be used as a civilian air-raid shelter. It also contained a hospital and a radio transmitter for use by the German leadership and provided secure storage facilities for art treasures.

During the Battle of Berlin, it acted as a citadel and by depressing its large anti-aircraft artillery, its garrison was able to provide support for ground operations against the Soviet Red Army.

Flak tower
Flak towers (German: Flaktürme) were large, above-ground, anti-aircraft gun blockhouse towers constructed by Nazi Germany. "Flak" is short for anti-aircraft gun in German: Flugabwehrkanone. There were eight flak tower complexes in the cities of Berlin (three), Hamburg (two), and Vienna (three) from 1940. Other cities that used flak towers included Stuttgart and Frankfurt. Smaller single-purpose flak towers were built at outlying German strongpoints, such as at Angers in France and Heligoland in Germany.

The towers were operated by the Luftwaffe to defend against Allied strategic air raids against these cities during World War II. They also served as air-raid shelters for tens of thousands of local civilians.
Cyprian Brady
Cyprian Brady (born 26 June 1962) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Central constituency from 2007 to 2011. Brady is a former civil servant who for 20 years ran the constituency office of the former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern.

Bertie Ahern
Bartholomew Patrick "Bertie" Ahern (born 12 September 1951) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach from 1997 to 2008, and as Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1994 to 2008. A Teachta Dála (TD) from 1977 to 2011, he served as Leader of the Opposition from 1994 to 1997. He was also Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1986 to 1987, Tánaiste from November to December 1994, and Minister for Finance from 1991 to 1994.

Fianna Fáil led three coalition governments under Ahern's leadership; he is the second-longest serving Taoiseach, after Éamon de Valera. He resigned as Taoiseach on 6 May 2008, in the wake of revelations made by the Mahon Tribunal over payments received from developers; he was succeeded by Brian Cowen. Fianna Fáil proposed to expel politicians censured by the tribunal, but Ahern resigned his membership prior to the expulsion motion. In 2016, Fianna Fáil announced that it had given Ahern the option of rejoining the party. He rejoined in February 2023.
Les Mills
Leslie Roy Mills CNZM MBE JP (born 1 November 1934) is a New Zealand retired track and field athlete, businessman, and politician. He represented New Zealand at the Olympic Games and Commonwealth Games over two decades, competing in the shot put and discus throw. He won a total of five medals at the Commonwealth Games including gold in the discus at the 1966 Games.

Mills opened his first gym in 1968, giving his name to Les Mills International, a fitness-centric company founded by his son Phillip Mills. Mills later went on to serve as the Mayor of Auckland, New Zealand's largest city, from 1990 to 1998.

Mayor of Auckland City
The Mayor of Auckland City was the directly elected head of the Auckland City Council, the municipal government of Auckland City, New Zealand. The office existed from 1871 to 2010, when the Auckland City Council and mayoralty was abolished and replaced with the Auckland Council and the Mayor of Auckland.
Abdullah bin Khaz'al
Sheikh Abdullah Bin Khaz'al (1903 - 10 October 1990) was the son of Sheikh Khazʽal Ibn Jabir of the Emirate of Mohammerah (later named Khorramshahr), overlord of the Muhaisin tribal confederation and Emir of the oil rich emirate of Mohammerah, today part of the Iranian province of Khuzistan. He led the 1945 movement "The revolt of Sheikh Abdullah Bin Khaz'al" against the Iranian government, but failed.

Khazʽal Ibn Jabir
Khazʽal bin Jabir bin Merdaw al-Kaʽbi GCIE KCSI (Arabic: خزعل بن جابر بن مرداو الكعبي، Persian: شیخ خزعل; 1861 – 27 May 1936), was the Ruler of Arabistan, the Sheikh of Mohammerah, known as  Sultan Khaz'al and Sultan of Mohammerah, from the Kasebite clan of the Banu Ka'b, of which he was the Sheikh of Sheikhs, the Overlord of the Mehaisan tribal confederation and the Ruler of the Shatt al-Arab. He was described as the most powerful Arabian ruler and maintained close relations with both Arab and European rulers. Foreign ships would fire salutes in his honor whenever they passed along the Shatt al-Arab near his palace and Pope Benedict XV honored him with the Order of St. Gregory the Great for his assistance in building a church and safe haven in Mohammerah for Christian refugees.