hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kittelsthal Dripstone Cave
Kittelsthal Dripstone Cave (German: Kittelsthaler Tropfsteinhöhle) is a cave in the Thuringian Forest. It is located in the Kittelsthal district of the town of Ruhla in the Wartburg district. The cave is accessible via a former mine. The total length is 726 meters; during guided tours it is walked along a length of 158 meters. One reaches the cave, which is 48 meters lower, via 228 steps. The first natural cavities were discovered in 1888. In 1894 it was turned into a show cave and opened in 1896. Between 1968 and 1992 there were no guided tours in the cave.

Ruhla
Ruhla (German pronunciation: [ˈʁuːla] ⓘ) is a town situated in the forest of Thuringia in the district of Wartburgkreis in Germany, immediately next to the Rennsteig. Thal and Kittelsthal are parts of the town.
Mark Van Ameyde
Mark Van Ameyde is a college baseball coach who is currently the pitching coach for the Michigan State Spartans baseball team. He previously served as the head baseball coach of the Eastern Michigan Eagles baseball program. He was named to that position prior to the 2015 season.

Jake Boss
Jacob Boss Jr. is an American baseball coach and former player, who is the current head baseball coach of the Michigan State Spartans. He played college baseball at Alma College for head coach Bill Klenk from 1990 to 1993. He then served as the head coach of the Eastern Michigan Eagles in 2008.
Ivan Smirnov (guitar player)
Ivan Nikolayevich Smirnov (Russian: Иван Николаевич Смирнов; 9 September 1955 in Moscow, USSR – 15 November 2018) was regarded as one of the greatest guitar players in Russia. He was proficient in many different styles, such as fusion, world, Russian folk, folk-jazz, and new flamenco. Smirnov lived in Russia and played with musicians such as Mikhail Smirnov,  Sergey Klevensky, Dmitry Safonov, and Aleksei Kozlov.

Aleksei Kozlov (musician)
Alexei Semenovich Kozlov (sometimes given as Aleksey Kozlov or, in his own transliteration, as Alexey Kozlov, Russian: Алексей Семёнович Козлов; born 13 October 1935 in Moscow) is a Russian saxophonist. He was part of the first group of prominent Soviet-era Russian jazz musicians which emerged during the 1960s. He founded the band Arsenal, which is considered the preeminent Jazz-rock fusion ensemble in Russia.
Shahin Musayev
Shahin Musayev Kheyreddin oglu (Azerbaijani: Şahin Musayev Xeyrəddin oğlu) was the deputy Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan, Chief of Staff, and Acting Minister within a few weeks in January – February (unspecified), 1992.

Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Müdafiə Nazirliyi) or MN is an Azerbaijani government agency that is associated with the Azerbaijani military. The ministry is responsible for keeping Azerbaijan defended against external threats, preserving its territorial integrity, waging war on behalf of Azerbaijan (for example, Azerbaijan's contribution to the war on terror), and the surveillance of the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea sea and airspace. The Minister of Defence is appointed and removed from the post by the Commander-in-chief of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, the President of Azerbaijan.

The ministry building is located in Baku, at 3 Parliament Avenue.
Alun Cairns
Alun Hugh Cairns (born 30 July 1970) is a Welsh Conservative politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Vale of Glamorgan from 2010 to 2024. He served as Secretary of State for Wales from 2016 to 2019.

He was previously a member of the National Assembly for Wales for the South Wales West region from 1999 to 2011. Elected to the British House of Commons at the 2010 general election, he resigned as Secretary of State for Wales in November 2019, after claims he had known about a former aide's role in the "sabotage" of a rape trial. Cairns said that he did not know the details of the case and in December 2019 he was cleared of breaking the ministerial code.

Secretary of State for Wales
The secretary of state for Wales (Welsh: ysgrifennydd gwladol Cymru), also referred to as the Welsh secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Wales Office. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The officeholder works alongside the other Wales Office ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for Wales. The position is currently held by Jo Stevens having been appointed by Keir Starmer in July 2024.
Italian reserve football teams
Italian reserve football teams may compete at all levels of Italian football league system, apart from the Serie A. The highest league they can enter is Serie B.

If a reserve team ends up at a promotion spot when it is not allowed to be promoted, the promotion is awarded to the next team in the league standings which is allowed to be promoted. Also, a reserve team is forcefully relegated, regardless of the final league position, if it is no longer qualified for playing at that level — i.e. if the first team is relegated to the same tier as the reserve team. For example, if a Serie A team is relegated while its reserve team in the Serie B ends up at a secure place (or even a promotion spot), the reserve team is forcefully relegated to the Serie C. In such a situation, the best placed qualified team at a relegation position in the league that the reserve team is relegated from will keep its place.

Italian football league system
The Italian football league system, also known as the Italian football pyramid, refers to the hierarchically interconnected league system for association football in Italy. It consists of nine national and regional tournaments, the first three being professional, while the remaining six are amateur, set up by the Italian Football Federation. One team from San Marino also competes. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between different divisions.

In theory, it is possible for a local amateur club to rise to the pinnacle of the Italian game and win the Scudetto. While this is unlikely in practice, movement within the pyramid does occur. A notable example is AC ChievoVerona, which from the lower division went to Serie A, the highest level, reaching as high as 4th place in 2005–06 Serie A. The top two levels contain one division each. Below this, the levels have progressively more parallel divisions, which each cover progressively smaller geographic areas.
Korićanske stijene
Korićanske stijene (Korićani Cliffs) are nearly vertical cliffs above Ilomska Canyon (on Vlašić Mountain). It is located about half a kilometer from the village Korićani, at an altitude between of about 750 and 1,100 meters. On the right cliff above Ilomska are Marići's and Imljani's rocks (1,100 m also). Thus, the depth of the abyss is 350 to 400 meters.

Vlašić (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Vlašić (Serbian Cyrillic: Влашић) is a mountain in the geographical center of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its highest peak is Paljenik (also called Opaljenik) with an elevation of 1,933 m. It is famous for its pastures, cattle-breeding and cheese. It is closest to the town of Travnik, which it overlooks.
Monetary base
In economics, the monetary base (also base money, money base, high-powered money, reserve money, outside money, central bank money or, in the UK, narrow money) in a country is the total amount of money created by the central bank. This includes:

The total currency circulating in the public,

Plus the currency that is physically held in the vaults of commercial banks,

Plus the commercial banks' reserves held in the central bank.

The monetary base should not be confused with the money supply, which consists of the total currency circulating in the public plus certain types of non-bank deposits with commercial banks.

Commercial bank
A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and gives loans to its clients to make a profit.

It can also refer to a bank or a division of a larger bank that deals with wholesale banking to corporations or large or middle-sized businesses, to differentiate from retail banks and investment banks. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks. However, central banks function differently from commercial banks, despite a common misconception known as the "bank analogy". Unlike commercial banks, central banks are not primarily focused on generating profits and cannot become insolvent in the same way as commercial banks in a fiat currency system.
Czesław Kiszczak
Czesław Jan Kiszczak (Polish pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʂɛswaf ˈkʲiʂt͡ʂak] ⓘ; 19 October 1925 – 5 November 2015) was a Polish general, communist-era interior minister (1981–1990) and prime minister (1989).

In 1981 he played a key role in imposing martial law and suppression of the Solidarity movement in Poland. But eight years later he presided over the country's transition to democracy as its last communist prime minister and a co-chairman of the Round Table conference, in which officials of the ruling Polish United Workers' Party faced the democratic opposition leaders. The conference led to the reconciliation with and reinstatement of Solidarity, the 1989 elections, and the formation of Poland's first non-communist government since 1945.

Ministry of the Interior and Administration
The Ministry of the Interior and Administration (Polish: Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji, MSWiA) is an administration structure controlling main administration and security branches of the Polish government. After the 2011 Polish parliamentary elections, it was transformed into two ministries: Ministry of the Interior (Minister: Jacek Cichocki) and Ministry of Administration and Digitization (Minister: Michał Boni). It was recreated in late 2015.
Wolfgang J. R. Hoefer
Wolfgang Johannes Reinhard Hoefer (born 1941) is a German-born Canadian research scientist and professor of electrical and computer engineering. He is known for his contributions to microwave engineering, electromagnetic field theory, and computational electromagnetics. He advanced numerical methods such as the transmission-line matrix (TLM) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques and translated them into computational design tools for microwave circuits used in communications, imaging, and industrial applications.

Finite-difference time-domain method
Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) or Yee's method (named after the Chinese American applied mathematician Kane S. Yee, born 1934) is a numerical analysis technique used for modeling computational electrodynamics.
Gabriel Conache
Gabriel Conache (born 24 January 1991, Suceava, Romania) is a Romanian rugby union footballer. He plays the position of fly-half and is currently playing for RC Timişoara in the Romanian Rugby Championship. He is an international player being capped for the Romanian rugby union team U18. Romania won 4th place at the European Rugby Championship U18 with him as a member of the line-up. He was the best player of the match during his first cap against Italy, where he scored most of the points for his team, even managing to open the score via a penalty and even scoring a try which he also converted making the score 10-0 for Romania.

SCM USV Timișoara
SCM Rugby Timișoara is a professional Romanian rugby union club from Timișoara, which plays in the Liga Națională de Rugby, the first division of Romanian rugby. The team first won the championship in 1972, becoming the first club outside Bucharest to achieve this performance. In the modern format of the SuperLiga, SCM Rugby Timișoara won 4 titles in 6 seasons.
The team is colloquially known as "Universitatea" Timișoara as it has historical ties with the University of Timișoara. In 2014 the club became a partner of London-based Saracens rugby club. In 2020, the club's partnership with London-based Saracens rugby club ended making them change their identity to SCM Rugby Timișoara. SCM Rugby Timisoara`s annual operating budget for the 2023-24 season is approximately 1,910,000 Euros.
Khalil Ahmad Khalil
Khalil Ahmad Khalil (Arabic: خليل أحمد خليل; born November 12, 1942) is a Lebanese intellectual, researcher, translator, prolific, and academic. He was born in 1942 in Sur, South Lebanon. He has many works in the fields of sociology in religion, politics, culture and philosophy, as well as a great number of translations, including Lalande's Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the glossary of philosophical terms. He is considered one of the most prominent Arab intellectuals of the 20th century, and a leading member of the Progressive Socialist Party. He joined the Party in 1968, and retired all organizational politics work after the assassination of Party leader Kamal Jumblatt. He received a prize for his published works and translations, which enriched the Arabic library, as well as his academic achievement in the Lebanese University.

André Lalande (philosopher)
André Lalande (19 July, 1867 Dijon – 15 November, 1964 Asnières) was a French philosopher. In 1904, he was appointed Professor of philosophy at the University of Paris.

Whilst still at school in 1883-4 he was taught by Émile Durkheim, whom he greatly appreciated. His notes have provided the basis for the publication Durkheim's Philosophy Lectures: Notes from the Lycée de Sens Course, 1883–1884 in 2004.

His doctoral thesis was entitled L'idée directrice de la dissolution opposée à celle de l'évolution. In 1901, he was one of the founders of the French Philosophical Society.
Gösta Ehrensvärd
Vice Admiral Count Gösta Carl Albert Ehrensvärd (10 February 1885 – 2 November 1973) was a senior Swedish Navy officer. Ehrensvärd hailed from a distinguished naval lineage, being the son of Admiral Count Carl August Ehrensvärd. His family ties included notable figures such as his brother, General Carl August Ehrensvärd, and his great-grandfather, the renowned fortress builder Augustin Ehrensvärd. Following his naval education, Ehrensvärd embarked on a prolific career within the Swedish Navy, rising through the ranks from sub-lieutenant to vice admiral. He held various commanding roles, such as leading the Destroyer Division and serving as Chief of the Naval Staff. Additionally, Ehrensvärd contributed to naval education and literature, notably as a teacher and editor of naval journals. His tenure saw significant contributions to naval strategy and administration, culminating in his promotion to vice admiral before retiring from active service in 1950.

Vice admiral (Sweden)
Vice admiral (VAdm; Swedish: Viceamiral, Vam) is a three-star commissioned naval officer rank in the Swedish Navy. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general.
Saint-Chamond, Loire
Saint-Chamond (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʃamɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in central France. Situated 13 km northeast of the city of Saint-Étienne and 46 km southwest of Lyon, the town dates back to the Roman period.

It lies in an iron and coal region, which were the basis of industrial growth during the 19th and 20th centuries. As many of the mines and factories closed in the late 20th century due to restructuring, there was a loss of jobs and population.

The present city of Saint-Chamond is the result of the merger in 1964 of the communes of Saint-Martin-en-Coailleux, Saint-Julien-en-Jarez, Izieux and Saint-Chamond. The new town is the third-largest town in the department.

Loire (department)
Loire (/lwɑːr/; French pronunciation: [lwaʁ]; Arpitan: Lêre; Occitan: Léger or Leir) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France occupying the river Loire's upper reaches. Its prefecture is Saint-Étienne. It had a population of 765,634 in 2019.
Naujoji Akmenė
Naujoji Akmenė (pronunciationⓘ; Samogitian: Naujuojė Akmenė) is a city in north-western Lithuania, in the Šiauliai County, near the Latvian border, in the Samogitia region.

There is a church (consecrated in 1999), a library, a hospital, the cultural centre (built in 1958), a post office (postal code LT-85001).

It was established as a new town in 1952 and is one of the newest cities in Lithuania. Its name means New Akmenė. It is an industrial base with concrete as its main product, with Public company Akmenės Cementas (English: Akmenė Concrete) producing 700,000 tonnes of concrete annually. As a new city, it did initially have well-developed infrastructure. For example, a special branch of the railway had to be built for the factory needs. The road network was rapidly developing before the city even existed.

Akmenės cementas
Akmenės cementas is the only Lithuanian cement manufacturing company. It produces over one million tons of cement annually.

During the Soviet era, the enterprise produced three times the quantity of goods compared to the present day and held the position among the top three producers in the entirety of the Soviet Union.

From 2006 to 2014, the company endeavored on its most extensive renovation to date, installing a news singular cement clinker burning facility to replace the two units that had been in operation for over four decades since the Soviet times. The updated technology now yields dry cement as opposed to wet. The newly erected chimney is measured at a towering height of 125 metres, ranking as one of the tallest structures in Lithuania.

In 2021 the majority of the company was acquired by the holding company of Schwenk Zement, who will become the sole shareholder in mid-2024.
James Rawdon Stansfeld
James Rawdon Stansfeld CB CBE (/ˈrɔːdɒn ˈstænsfiːld/ RAW-don STANSS-feeld; 11 August 1866 – 14 January 1936) was a British army officer who served as an Instructor and Professor at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and as Deputy Director-General of Inspection in the Ministry of Munitions (1916–19).

Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
The Royal Military Academy (RMA) at Woolwich, in south-east London, was a British Army military academy for the training of commissioned officers of the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. It later also trained officers of the Royal Corps of Signals and other technical corps. RMA Woolwich was commonly known as "The Shop" because its first building was a converted workshop of the Woolwich Arsenal.
Colin Linden
Colin Kendall Linden (born 16 April 1960) is a Canadian guitarist, songwriter and record producer. Linden plays acoustic and electric guitar, specializing in slide guitar, country blues, and ragtime fingerpicking, who frequently collaborates with country and folk performers.

He is a member of Blackie and the Rodeo Kings with Stephen Fearing and Tom Wilson, and has worked with Bruce Cockburn, Lucinda Williams, T-Bone Burnett, Kevin Gordon, Colin James, Emmylou Harris, Leon Redbone, Rita Chiarelli, Chris Thomas King, The Band, Keb' Mo', Charles Esten, and Bob Dylan.

Tom Wilson (musician)
Thomas Lazare Wilson CM (born 1959) is a Canadian rock musician from Hamilton, Ontario. A veteran of the Canadian music scene, Wilson has been a writer and performer for many years. Wilson's eclectic musical style has ranged from the psychobilly/R&B sounds of the Florida Razors, to the western/roots style of Blackie and the Rodeo Kings and the funk/blues-inspired rock of Junkhouse.
Steve Rule
Stephen "Steve" Rule (born 5 June 1952) is an English-born former rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s, and current rugby union coach. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for English Universities Rugby Union and Cheshire Rugby Football Union, and at club level for Loughborough Students RUFC and Sale, as a fly-half, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Salford and St. Helens, as a fullback, and coached representative level rugby union (RU) for Cheshire Rugby Football Union, and at club level for Sale, Lymm RFC, New Brighton and Macclesfield RUFC.

Macclesfield R.U.F.C.
Macclesfield RUFC is a rugby union team based in the Cheshire town of Macclesfield and operates a women's side, three senior men's sides, senior and junior colts and ten mini/junior teams. The first XV men's currently play in the fourth tier of the English rugby union system, National League 2 North, following a level transfer from National League 2 West at the end of the 2024–25 season. The second men's XV plays in the Cotton Traders Premier League and the third XV play in NOWIRUL division 3.
Fish (cryptography)
Fish (sometimes capitalised as FISH) was the UK's GC&CS Bletchley Park codename for any of several German teleprinter stream ciphers used during World War II.  Enciphered teleprinter traffic was used between German High Command and Army Group commanders in the field, so its intelligence value (Ultra) was of the highest strategic value to the Allies. This traffic normally passed over landlines, but as German forces extended their geographic reach beyond western Europe, they had to resort to wireless transmission.

Bletchley Park decrypts of messages enciphered with the Enigma machines revealed that the Germans called one of their wireless teleprinter transmission systems "Sägefisch" ('sawfish') which led British cryptographers to refer to encrypted German radiotelegraphic traffic as "Fish." The code "Tunny" ('tuna') was the name given to the first non-Morse link, and it was subsequently used for the Lorenz SZ machines and the traffic enciphered by them.

Y service
The "Y" service was a network of British signals intelligence collection sites, the Y-stations. The service was established during the First World War and used again during the Second World War. The sites were operated by a range of agencies including the Army, Navy and RAF, and the Foreign Office (MI6 and MI5). The General Post Office and the Marconi Company provided some receiving stations, ashore and afloat. There were more than 600 receiving sets in use at Y-stations during the Second World War.
Vadym Kolesnik
Vadym Kolesnik (born October 27, 2001) is an American ice dancer. With his skating partner, Emilea Zingas, he is a 2026 Four Continents champion, two-time Grand Prix medalist, a five-time Challenger Series medalist, the 2026 U.S. National silver medalist, and the 2023, 2025 U.S. national pewter medalist.

Zingas and Kolesnik represented the United States at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

With his former partner, Avonley Nguyen, he is the 2020 World Junior champion, the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final silver medalist, and the 2020 U.S. junior national champion. He has also won four medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series, including three golds, and qualified to the 2018–19 Junior Grand Prix Final.

2023 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2023 U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held January 23–29, 2023, at the SAP Center in San Jose, California. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2023 World Championships, 2023 World Junior Championships, the 2023 Four Continents Championship, and the 2023 World Team Trophy.

San Jose was originally scheduled to host the 2021 event, but it was relocated to Las Vegas. San Jose was then awarded the 2023 Championships instead. It was the fourth time the city hosted the event.