hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Animal agriculture in Nigeria
The majority of herders in African countries are livestock owners. Livestock farming is a part of Nigeria's agriculture system. In 2017, Nigeria had approximately over 80 million poultry farming, 76 million goats, 43.4 million sheep, 18.4 million cattle, 7.5 million pigs, and 1.4 million of its equivalent. Livestock farming is about 5% of Nigeria's gross domestic product and 17% of its agricultural gross domestic product.

In Nigeria, there is always an increase in meat demand and this is seen as an economic development growth. Animal husbandry in Nigeria therefore has changed the narrative due to population growth in urbanization and agricultural practices. Traditional nomadic pastoralism has transitioned to sedentary and intensive grazing, leading to the increased pressure on gazetted areas. Overgrazing, particularly in fragile ecosystems such as the savannas and woodland areas, has caused loss of vegetation, soil, and biodiversity. Types of Animal agriculture in Nigeria are:

Poultry farming
Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers.  More than 60 billion chickens are killed for consumption annually. Chickens raised for eggs are known as layers, while chickens raised for meat are called broilers.

In the United States, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In the UK, the national organization is the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
Menchhayayem Rural Municipality
Menchhayayem (Nepali: मेन्छयायेम गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of four rural municipality located in Tehrathum District of Koshi Province of Nepal. There are a total of 6 municipalities in Tehrathum in which 2 are urban and 4 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Menchhayayem has an area of 70.09 square kilometres (27.06 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 8078 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Morahang, Srijung and Paunthak which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 6 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Morahang.

Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
The Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration (Nepali: सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय), (MoFAGA), is the ministry of Nepal that supervises activities undertaken by the local governments in Nepal.  It also regulates and manages the civil service.

MoFAGA is the only ministry with direct linkage with the country's municipalities, rural municipalities and provinces. It also plays a  direct role in implementing various eServices in the local governments.
Adventist Health Bakersfield
Adventist Health Bakersfield is a 254-bed hospital in Bakersfield and serving Kern County, California. The medical campus is part of Adventist Health and previously was called San Joaquin Community Hospital.

Adventist Health
Adventist Health System West, also known as Adventist Health System/West doing business as Adventist Health is a nonprofit organization affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church headquartered in Roseville, California, that operates facilities in 3 states across the Western United States.
Workin' with the Miles Davis Quintet
Workin' with the Miles Davis Quintet is an album by the Miles Davis Quintet, released in January 1960 by Prestige Records. It was recorded in two sessions on May 11 and October 26, 1956, that produced four albums: this one, Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet, Steamin' with the Miles Davis Quintet and Cookin' with the Miles Davis Quintet.

Track 2 is a composition written for Davis by Eddie Vinson (see Blue Haze for more details). "Trane's Blues" (also known as "Vierd Blues", a tongue-in-cheek reference to Blue Note founder Francis Wolff's heavily accented verdict on it), also credited to Davis, is in fact a John Coltrane composition (originally titled "John Paul Jones", and from an earlier session led by bassist Paul Chambers; before the closing statement of theme, Coltrane and Davis play a bit of Charlie Parker's "The Hymn").

Miles Davis Quintet
The Miles Davis Quintet was an American jazz band from 1955 to early 1969 led by Miles Davis. The quintet underwent frequent personnel changes toward its metamorphosis into a different ensemble in 1969. Most references pertain to two distinct and relatively stable bands: the First Great Quintet from 1955 to 1958, and the Second Great Quintet from late 1964 to early 1969, Davis being the only constant throughout.
Sarcostigma
Sarcostigma is a genus of plants of the family Icacinaceae. It includes two species of climbers native to tropical Asia. The genus was described by Robert Wight and George A. Walker Arnott and published in Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal in the year 1833.

George Arnott Walker Arnott
George Arnott Walker Arnott of Arlary FRSE (6 February 1799 – 17 April 1868) was a Scottish botanist. He collaborated with botanists from around the world and served as a regius professor of botany at the University of Glasgow. An orchid genus Arnottia was named in his honour in 1828. The standard author abbreviation Arn. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Oculomotor nerve
The oculomotor nerve, also known as the third cranial nerve, cranial nerve III, or simply CN III,  is a cranial nerve that enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and innervates extraocular muscles that enable most movements of the eye and that raise the eyelid.  The nerve also contains fibers that innervate the intrinsic eye muscles that enable pupillary constriction and accommodation (ability to focus on near objects as in reading). The oculomotor nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic midbrain. Cranial nerves IV and VI also participate in control of eye movement.

Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum.

It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

The name mesencephalon comes from the Greek mesos, "middle", and enkephalos, "brain".
Ordre Reaux Croix
Ordre Reaux Croix is a Martinist order established in 2002, on the 250th anniversary of the founding of the Elus Cohens of Martinez de Pasqually. ORC is an international Order, with its Grand Lodge in Norway, and jurisdictions in Sweden, United States, Canada, Argentina, Spain, Greece, Brazil and England.

Martinez de Pasqually
Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually (1727?–1774) was a theurgist and theosopher of uncertain origin. He was the founder of the l'Ordre de Chevaliers Maçons Élus Coëns de l'Univers – commonly referred to as the 'Elus Cohens' in 1761. He was the tutor, initiator and friend of Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin and Jean-Baptiste Willermoz.
Abdominal exercise
Abdominal exercises are strength exercise affecting the abdominal muscles (colloquially known as the stomach muscles or "abs"). The human abdominal muscular set consists of four: the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, and transversus abdominis. During the execution of abdominal training, understanding the functions, effects, and variations in exercise, along with considering the suitability, and safety in relation to current physical condition is crucial, as overtraining can lead to severe injury.

Rectus abdominis muscle
The rectus abdominis,  (Latin: straight abdominal) also known as the "abdominal muscle" or simply better known as the "abs", and sometimes informally referred to as the "six-pack", is a pair of segmented skeletal muscle on the ventral aspect of a person's abdomen. The paired muscle is separated at the midline by a band of dense connective tissue called the linea alba, and the connective tissue defining each lateral margin of the rectus abdominus is the linea semilunaris. The muscle extends from the pubic symphysis, pubic crest and pubic tubercle inferiorly, to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of the 5th–7th ribs superiorly.

The rectus abdominis muscle is contained in the rectus sheath, which consists of the aponeuroses of the lateral abdominal muscles. Each rectus abdominus is traversed by bands of connective tissue called the tendinous intersections, which interrupt it into distinct muscle bellies.
Sherbrooke, Nova Scotia
Sherbrooke is an unincorporated community on the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia, Canada, in Guysborough County. It is located along the St. Mary's River, a major river in Nova Scotia. The community is named for Sir John Coape Sherbrooke, a colonial era Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia. Gold was discovered in the area in 1861 and Sherbrooke entered a gold rush which lasted two decades. The economy of the community today revolves around fishing, tourism and lumber. The community is the site of an open-air museum called "Sherbrooke Village" which depicts life in the later 1800s in the wake of the gold rush era.

Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
The lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/) is the representative in Nova Scotia of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The 34th and current lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia is Mike Savage, who has served in the role since 13 December 2024.
St. Jerome Croatian Catholic Church
St. Jerome Croatian Catholic Church is a historic church that belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago. It is located in the Armour Square neighborhood on the city's South Side. The church performs services in both Croatian and English.

Archdiocese of Chicago
The Archdiocese of Chicago (Latin: Archidiœcesis Chicagiensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Northeastern Illinois, in the United States. The Vatican erected it as a diocese in 1843 and elevated it to an archdiocese in 1880. Cardinal Blase Joseph Cupich is the archbishop. The cathedral parish for the archdiocese is Holy Name Cathedral in Chicago.

The archdiocese serves over 2 million Catholics in Cook and Lake counties, an area of 1,411 square miles (3,650 km2). It is the metropolitan see of the province of Chicago.
William James Topley
William James Topley (13 February 1845 – 16 November 1930) was a  Canadian photographer based in Ottawa, Ontario. He was the best known of Ottawa’s nineteenth-century photographers and the most socially prominent one. Topley was noted for his portraiture of Canadian politicians and was a business partner of William Notman, having taken over Notman's Ottawa studio in 1872. A large number of photographs by Topley are now in the collection of Library and Archives Canada, including approximately 150,000 glass plates negatives and a set of 66 index albums covering the entire history of his Ottawa studios from 1868 until 1923.

Library and Archives Canada
Library and Archives Canada (LAC; French: Bibliothèque et Archives Canada) is the federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving, and providing accessibility to the documentary heritage of Canada. The national archive and library is the 16th largest library in the world. The LAC reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Identity and Culture.

LAC traces its origins to the Dominion Archives, formed in 1872, and the National Library of Canada, formed in 1953. The former was later renamed as the Public Archives of Canada in 1912, and the National Archives of Canada in 1987. In 2004, the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada were merged to form Library and Archives Canada.
Chicago Bus Station
The Chicago Bus Station is an intercity bus station in the Near West Side, Chicago, Illinois. The station, managed by Greyhound Lines, also serves Barons Bus Lines, Burlington Trailways and Flixbus. The current building was constructed in 1989. Since it was built, the facility has been the only intercity bus station in the city.

Chicago has seen intercity bus transit since 1928, when a union station opened on Roosevelt Road, which served Greyhound Lines and other operators. In 1936, a Trailways bus terminal opened on Randolph Street, which would be in operation until 1987. In 1953, the union station was replaced by another Greyhound terminal, in a more centrally located building on Randolph Street. When the 1953 terminal opened, it was celebrated for bringing a modern terminal to a central location, however, it would later become known as a place of crime and lawlessness. The current bus station was built in 1989 and is for sale as of 2023.

Near West Side, Chicago
The Near West Side is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States. It is on the West Side, west of the Chicago River and adjacent to the Loop. The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 started on the Near West Side. Waves of immigration shaped the history of the Near West Side of Chicago, including the founding of Hull House, a prominent settlement house.  The near west side comprises several neighborhoods. In the 19th century railroads became prominent features. In the mid-20th century, the area saw the development of freeways centered in the Jane Byrne Interchange.

The area is home to the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago-Kent College of Law, and City Colleges' Malcolm X College. the United Center, the Illinois Medical District,  Union Station, Ogilvie Station, and the Jane Byrne Interchange are also located in the community area.
Morocco national futsal team
The Morocco national futsal team, nicknamed أسود الأطلس (Lions of the Atlas), represents Morocco in international futsal competitions. It is affiliated to the Royal Moroccan Football Federation and is one of the strongest teams in the world.

The team has notably won 3 Africa Futsal Cup of Nations and 3 Arab Futsal Cup titles. They qualified for the World Cup four times, first appearing in 2012. Their best World Cup run was in 2021 and 2024, when they reached the quarter-finals.

FIFA Futsal World Cup
The FIFA Futsal World Cup is an international futsal competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA, the sport's global governing body. Since the first edition that took place in 1989 in the Netherlands, the tournament has been held every four years since 1992 in the even year between two 11-a-side World Cups.

The current champions are Brazil, who won their sixth world title after beating rivals Argentina in the final of the 2024 tournament in Uzbekistan.

All events prior to 2008 were 16-team events. The first event featured 6 teams from Europe, 3 from South America, 2 from Africa, 2 from Asia, 2 from North and Central America and 1 from Oceania. Since 2012, it includes 24 teams split to a six group round-robin tournament with four teams in each group. The top two teams in each group, together with the 4 highest-ranked third-place finishers, advanced to a sixteen-team knockout stage.
Deneric Prince
Deneric Prince (born April 11, 2000) is an American professional football running back for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies and Tulsa Golden Hurricane.

Tulsa Golden Hurricane football
The Tulsa Golden Hurricane football program represents the University of Tulsa in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level.  Tulsa has competed in the American Athletic Conference (The American) since the 2014 season and was previously a member of Conference USA (C-USA). The team is led by head coach Tre Lamb. Tulsa plays its home games at Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  The University of Tulsa has the smallest undergraduate enrollment of all schools that participate at the FBS level.
Teign Valley Woods
Teign Valley Woods is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) within Dartmoor National Park in Devon, England. It is located 12km west of Exeter, 4km east of Moretonhamstead. The protected area encompasses part of the valley of the River Teign near Dunsford (this protected area was previously known as Dunsford and Cod woods). The protected area includes part of Bridford wood. The site is famous for its population of native daffodils and observations of otters.

Narcissus pseudonarcissus
Narcissus pseudonarcissus, commonly named the wild daffodil or Lent lily (Welsh: Cennin Pedr), is a perennial flowering plant.

This species has pale yellow tepals, with a darker central trumpet. The long, narrow leaves are slightly greyish green in colour and rise from the base of the stem. The plant grows from a bulb. The flowers produce seeds which, when germinated, take five to seven years to produce a flowering plant. (Sexual seed reproduction mixes the traits of both parent flowers, so if garden hybrid cultivars are planted close to wild populations of Narcissus pseudonarcissus, there is a danger that the new seedlings, having hybrid vigour, could out-compete the wild plants.)
Kalesar National Park
Kalesar National Park (13,000 acres (53 km2)) and adjacent Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary (13,209 acres (53.45 km2) are protected areas in Kalesar of Yamunanagar district of Haryana state in India, 46 kilometres from Yamunanagar city, 122 kilometres (76 mi) from Chandigarh.

Kalesar National Park was established in 2003. Kalesar National Park and Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary are contiguous to Simbalbara National Park in Himachal Pradesh and Rajaji National Park in Uttarakhand. Kalesar is a popular destination for leopards, panthers, elephants, red jungle fowl and bird-watching. This forested area in the Shivalik foothills is covered primarily with sal with smattering of Semul, Amaltas and Bahera trees as well. Wildlife jeep safaris are available on 3 tracks. Park is closed July to September and during the remaining months visiting hours are 6 am to 10 am and 4 pm to 7 pm during summers, and 7 am to 11 am and  3.30 pm to 6 pm during winters.

Indian leopard
The Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) is a subspecies of the leopard (P. pardus). It is widely distributed on the Indian subcontinent. It is threatened by illegal trade of skins and body parts, and persecution due to human-leopard conflict and retaliation for livestock depredation.
Amritasiddhi
The Amṛtasiddhi (Sanskrit: अमृतसिद्धि, "the attainment of immortality"), written in a Buddhist environment in about the 11th century, is the earliest substantial text on what became haṭha yoga, though it does not mention the term. The work describes the role of bindu in the yogic body, and how to control it using the Mahamudra so as to achieve immortality (Amṛta). The implied model is that bindu is constantly lost from its store in the head, leading to death, but that it can be preserved by means of yogic practices. The text has Buddhist features, and makes use of metaphors from alchemy.

A verse in a paper manuscript of the Amṛtasiddhi, possibly a later copy, asserts its date as 2 March 1160. It is written in two languages, Sanskrit and Tibetan. A critical edition based on all surviving manuscripts was published in 2021 by the Indologists James Mallinson and Péter-Dániel Szántó.

Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)
Mahamudra is a hatha yoga gesture (mudra) whose purpose is to improve control over the sexual potential. The sexual potential, associated with apana, is essential in the process of awakening of the dormant spiritual energy (Kundalini) and attaining of spiritual powers (siddhi).
Babacar Touré (basketball)
Babacar Touré (born 14 November 1985) is a Senegalese retired basketball player. He played for the Senegal national basketball team and several teams in Switzerland. Touré enjoyed his most successful years with Fribourg Olympic, where he won three Swiss championships and was named the league's Finals MVP two times.

Fribourg Olympic Basket
Fribourg Olympic Basket, commonly known as Fribourg Olympic, is a Swiss professional basketball club that is based in Fribourg. Due to name sponsorship reasons, the former name of the club was Benetton Fribourg. The club is a seventeen-time Swiss Basketball League champion.
Northern Districts women's cricket team
The Northern Districts women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team in New Zealand. based in the northern half of New Zealand's North Island, They compete in the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield one-day competition and also the Women's Super Smash Twenty20 competition. They play their home games at Seddon Park, Hamilton. The T20 side is known as the Northern Brave.

Seddon Park
Seddon Park is a cricket ground in Hamilton, New Zealand. It is the fourth-largest cricket ground in the country, and is renowned for its "village green" setting, affording a picnic atmosphere for spectators.
Terence (EastEnders)
Terence is a Lhasa Apso dog from the BBC soap opera EastEnders. The character first appeared in the series on 29 October 2001, after being purchased as an 18th birthday gift for Janine Butcher (Charlie Brooks) by Billy Mitchell (Perry Fenwick). Despite being portrayed by a male dog, Caspar, who was later renamed after his character, Terence's gender was subject to dispute throughout their tenure and they were regularly referred to as both male and female, often in the same scene, which led to them being branded "non-binary" by fans of the show and nicknamed "Theirence".

Another dog took over the role in 2009, appearing in several scenes before Terence was written out of the show by the producers, making their final appearance on 31 December 2009. Terence's storylines on the show included briefly being placed in a dog's home by Terry Raymond (Gavin Richards), moving in with Billy and being snatched back by Janine from the Jackson family following her return.

Terry Raymond
Terry Raymond is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Gavin Richards. Terry is initially introduced briefly in 1996 as the drunken father of Tiffany (Martine McCutcheon) and Simon Raymond (Andrew Lynford). He is reintroduced as a full-time character in 1997 and remains in the serial until 2002, when actor Gavin Richards decided to leave.
Jack Neo
Jack Neo Chee Keong PBM is a Singaporean filmmaker, comedian and actor who was a full-time Mediacorp artiste from 1983 to 2003. In the 1990s and early 2000s, he was best known for his cross-dressing roles, as "Liang Po Po" (literally: "Granny Liang") and "Liang Xi Mei" (a woman homemaker in her 40s) in the long-running television comedy show Comedy Nite.

Since his debut as a feature film director, Neo has been one of the most commercially successful local directors who has also met with some success in Malaysia and Taiwan. He has shown a penchant for franchise series films. His most critically acclaimed film is I Not Stupid, which satirizes Singapore's streaming educational system in 2002. Critics have commented that his films had too much product placement which he justified by stating the expensive cost of making movies in Singapore.

Pingat Bakti Masyarakat
The Pingat Bakti Masyarakat (English: Public Service Medal) is a Singaporean national honour. It was instituted in 1973. The medal may be awarded to any person who has rendered commendable public service in Singapore or for their achievement in the field of arts and letters, sports, the sciences, business, the professions and the labour movement.

Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PBM.