hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Onychotillomania
Onychotillomania is a compulsive behavior in which a person picks constantly at the nails or tries to tear them off.  It is not the same as onychophagia, where the nails are bitten or chewed, or dermatillomania, where skin is bitten or scratched. Onychotillomania can be categorized as a body-focused repetitive behavior in the DSM-5 and is a form of skin picking, also known as excoriation disorder.

It can be associated with psychiatric disorders such as depressive neurosis, delusions of infestation and hypochondriasis.

It was named by Jan Alkiewicz, a Polish dermatologist.

The constant destruction of the nail bed leads to onychodystrophy, paronychia and darkening of the nail.

Some cases have been treated successfully with antipsychotics.

One cheap solution suggested by researchers is to cover the proximal nail fold with a Cyanoacrylate glue. "The mechanism of action for improvement is probably related to the presence of an obstacle to picking."

Excoriation disorder
Excoriation disorder, more commonly known as dermatillomania, is a mental disorder on the obsessive–compulsive spectrum that is characterized by the repeated urge or impulse to pick at one's own skin, to the extent that either psychological or physical damage is caused. The exact causes of this disorder are unclear but are believed to involve a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors, including stress and underlying mental health conditions such as anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Individuals with excoriation disorder may also experience co-occurring conditions like depression or body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Treatment typically involves cognitive behavioral therapy and may include medications. Without intervention, the disorder can lead to serious medical complications.
Timeline of glaciation
There have been five or six major ice ages in the history of Earth over the past 3 billion years. 
The Late Cenozoic Ice Age began 34 million years ago, its latest phase being the Quaternary glaciation, in progress since 2.58 million years ago.

Within ice ages, there exist periods of more severe glacial conditions and more temperate conditions, referred to as glacial periods and interglacial periods, respectively.  The Earth is currently in such an interglacial period of the Quaternary glaciation, with the Last Glacial Period of the Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago.  The current interglacial is known as the Holocene epoch. 
Based on climate proxies, paleoclimatologists study the different climate states originating from glaciation.

Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.
2003 Big 12 Conference softball tournament
The 2003 Big 12 Conference softball tournament was held at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City, OK from May 1 through May 4, 2003. Texas won their third conference tournament and earned the Big 12 Conference's automatic bid to the 2003 NCAA Division I softball tournament.

Texas, Oklahoma State, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas A&M and Nebraska received bids to the NCAA tournament. Texas and Oklahoma would go on to play in the 2003 Women's College World Series.

2003 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2003 NCAA Division I softball tournament was the twenty-second annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA women's collegiate softball. Held during May 2003, sixty-four Division I college softball teams contested the championship. The tournament featured eight regionals of eight teams, each in a double elimination format. The 2003 Women's College World Series was held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from May 22 through May 25 and marked the conclusion of the 2003 NCAA Division I softball season.  UCLA won their tenth NCAA championship and eleventh overall by defeating California 1–0 in the final game.  UCLA pitcher Keira Goerl, who threw a no-hitter in the final game, was named Women's College World Series Most Outstanding Player.
World Trade Center Seoul
World Trade Center Seoul (WTC Seoul; Korean: 한국종합무역센터) is a building complex centered on the COEX Convention & Exhibition Center (Coex) on Teheranno in Samseong-dong, Gangnam-gu district of Seoul. It is operated by Korea International Trade Association.

COEX
COEX (Korean: 코엑스) is a convention and exhibition center located in Samseong-dong, Gangnam District, Seoul, South Korea. COEX is a portmanteau of 'COvention' and 'EXhibition'.

COEX is serviced by Samseong station on line 2 and Bongeunsa station on line 9 of the Seoul Subway. The 836-meter (914-yard) section of sidewalk along Yeongdong Boulevard from exit No. 5 of Samseong station on to exit No. 7 of Bongeunsa Station is designated as a smoke-free zone by the Seoul Metropolitan Government.
Tayloriellina
Tayloriellina is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It was described in 2015 as Tayloriella, but renamed in 2016 because that name was preoccupied by a red alga. Currently, three species are recognized in Tayloriellina, found in Australia, North and South America, and the Russian Far East. Some authors have treated Tayloriellina as part of Villophora, while others continue to recognise it as a separate lineage.

Villophora
Villophora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. Eight species are accepted in the genus. First circumscribed in 2013 and confirmed by a 2021 DNA study, the genus forms a well-supported branch of the Teloschistaceae alongside Josefpoeltia and the better-known Teloschistes. Villophora species make tiny crust-like to thread-like growths coloured by orange anthraquinone pigments and spread mainly by clouds of powdery reproductive granules. They occupy windswept Southern Hemisphere habitats from Patagonia to the Antarctic Peninsula, living on rock, bark or decaying wood in some of the coldest lichen environments on Earth.
Copthorne F.C.
Copthorne Football Club is a football club based in Copthorne in West Sussex, England. They are currently members of the Southern Combination Division One and play at the Camping World Community Stadium in Horsham.

Southern Combination Football League
The Southern Combination Football League (named Premier Sports Southern Combination Football League) is a football league broadly covering the counties of East Sussex, West Sussex, Surrey and South West London, England. The league consists of eight divisions – three for first teams (Premier Division, Division One and Division Two), two for Under 23 teams (East Division and West Division) and three for Under 18 teams (East Division, Central Division and West Division).
NWA PowerrrTrip 2
NWA PowerrrTrip 2, part of the NWA Pop-Up Event series and second in the PowerrrTrip chronology, was a professional wrestling supercard produced by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) in conjunction with Tried-N-True Pro Wrestling. The event took place on April 30, at the Valor Hall in Oak Grove, Kentucky. The event was a taping for NWA Power and NWA USA on FITE TV and YouTube.

NWA Powerrr
NWA Powerrr is a professional wrestling streaming television program produced by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) that premiered on October 8, 2019. As of July 29, 2025, the series streams on The Roku Channel in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Powerrr features wrestlers performing in matches and getting interviewed. These elements together create and further the storylines of the NWA while building towards the promotion's events.
Mike Weir
Michael Richard Weir, CM OOnt (born May 12, 1970) is a Canadian professional golfer. He currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions. He spent over 110 weeks in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking between 2001 and 2005. He plays golf left-handed and is best known for winning the Masters Tournament in 2003, making him the only Canadian man to ever win a major championship.

Order of Ontario
The Order of Ontario (French: Ordre de l'Ontario) is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Ontario. Instituted in 1986 by Lieutenant Governor Lincoln Alexander, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier David Peterson, the civilian order is administered by the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Ontario residents for conspicuous achievements in any field.
Kalamazoo Kingdom
Kalamazoo Kingdom were an American soccer team, founded in 1996. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2006, when the team left the league and the franchise was terminated.

The Kingdom folded their franchise at the end of the 2006 season to re-focus their efforts on youth soccer in the Kalamazoo area, specifically supporting their teams for the Super Y-League, as well as their own indoor soccer league.

They played their home games at Mayor's Riverfront Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The team's colors were red, white and black.

Soisson-Rapacz-Clason Field
Soisson-Rapacz-Clason Field, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, is a 2,200 seat multipurpose stadium.  Its primary tenants are Kalamazoo Christian High School, Hackett Catholic Central High School and Kalamazoo FC of USL League Two. They also hosted the Kalamazoo Outrage, a soccer team playing in the USL Premier Development League from 2007 to 2010.

Soisson-Rapacz Field was also home to the Kalamazoo Lassies of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League from 1950-1954. The Lassies were one of the more popular teams in the AAGPBL, routinely drawing crowds of over 1,000 spectators. They won the League championship in 1954, the last year of the AAGPBL.
Austin A90 Atlantic
The Austin A90 Atlantic is a British car produced by the Austin Motor Company from 1949 until 1952. It was launched initially as a four-seat convertible, making its début at the 1948 Earls Court Motor Show in London, with production models built between early 1949 and late 1950. A two-door coupé, marketed as the A90 Atlantic sports saloon, followed a year later. It had been previewed at the 1949 Motor Show and was in production at Longbridge between 1950 and 1952.

Convertible
A convertible or cabriolet (/ˌkæbrioʊˈleɪ/) is a passenger car that can be driven with or without a roof in place. The methods of retracting and storing the roof vary across eras and manufacturers.

A convertible car's design allows an open-air driving experience, with the ability to provide a roof when required. A potential drawback of convertibles is their reduced structural rigidity (requiring significant engineering and modification to counteract the side effects of almost completely removing a car's roof).

The majority of convertible roofs are of a folding construction framework with the actual top made from cloth or other fabric. Other types of convertible roofs include retractable hardtops (often constructed from metal or plastic) and detachable hardtops (where a metal or plastic roof is manually removed and often stored in the trunk).
Olof Celsius the Younger
Olof Celsius the Younger (15 December 1716 – 15 February 1794) was a Swedish civil servant, church official, politician and historian. He was professor of history at Uppsala University from 1747, bishop of the Diocese of Lund from 1777, and member of the Swedish Academy from 1786. He was the son of Olof Celsius and cousin of Anders Celsius.

Anders Celsius
Anders Celsius (Swedish: [ˈânːdɛʂ ˈsɛ̌lːsɪɵs]; 27 November 1701 – 25 April 1744) was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. He was professor of astronomy at Uppsala University from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in Germany, Italy and France. He founded the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory in 1741, and in 1742 proposed (an inverted form of) the centigrade temperature scale, which was later renamed Celsius in his honour.
Génies en herbe
Génies en herbe (Budding Geniuses) was a Radio-Canada television program in which students representing their école secondaire (Quebec high schools) participated in trivia tournaments. Tournaments also took place in French-speaking communities outside Quebec, such as Saint Boniface, Manitoba. Reach for the Top is an English Canadian equivalent. It was the French Canadian equivalent to the US and international game show It's Academic.

After the end of the TV series, the tournaments continued under the aegis of several regional school organizations.

In January 2011, the show was started once more on Radio-Canada in a pan-Canadian format.  This newer version was called "Génies en herbe: l'aventure" ("Budding Geniuses: Adventure") in which four teams travel around Canada to discover seven different cities. The quiz was then heavily oriented on the culture and history of the cities visited in the current episode. The four teams are the Maritimes, Ontario, Quebec and Western Canada.

Education in Quebec
Education in Quebec is governed by the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur). It was administered at the local level by publicly elected French and English school boards, changed in 2020 to school service centres. Teachers are represented by province-wide unions that negotiate province-wide working conditions with local boards and the provincial government of Quebec.
Pseudicius adustus
Pseudicius adustus is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Pseudicius that is endemic to Namibia. The spider was first defined in 2016 by Wanda Wesołowska. The spider is small, with an oval carapace typically 1.8 mm (0.07 in) long and an abdomen 2.6 mm (0.10 in) long. The abdomen is elongated like other members of the genus, but with a yellowish with a pattern of eight brown patches. The female has an ovoid epigyne that has a large deep central depression and short wide insemination ducts. The design of the epigyne helps distinguish it from related species, like Pseudicius solitarius, which has larger receptacles and longer insemination ducts. It can also be most identified by the pattern on its abdomen. The male has not been described.

Psenuc solitarius
Psenuc solitarius is a jumping spider species in the genus Psenuc that lives in Namibia and South Africa. The species was previously allocated to the genus Pseudicius. The female was first described in 2011.
2015 Rochelle–Fairdale tornado
Throughout the evening hours of April 9, 2015, an extremely violent and long-lived multiple-vortex tornado tore through the communities near Rochelle and in Fairdale, Illinois. Part of a larger severe weather event that impacted the Central United States, the tornado first touched down in Lee County at 6:39 p.m. CDT (23:39 UTC). It progressed through the counties of Ogle, DeKalb, and Boone before finally dissipating at 7:20 p.m. CDT. Along the tornado's 30.14-mile (48.51 km) path, numerous structures were heavily damaged or destroyed, especially in the small town of Fairdale, where two fatalities and eleven injuries were recorded. A few well-constructed homes were swept completely away, indicative of peak winds near 200 mph (320 km/h), the upper bounds of an EF4 tornado. In the aftermath of the event, hundreds of citizens assisted in cleanup and recovery efforts. Economic losses from the tornado reached $19 million (equivalent to $26,000,000 in 2025).

Ogle County, Illinois
Ogle County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 51,788. Its county seat is Oregon, and its largest city is Rochelle. Ogle County comprises Rochelle, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Rockford-Freeport-Rochelle, IL Combined Statistical Area.
Pretoria Capitals
Pretoria Capitals is a South African professional Twenty20 franchise cricket team that competes in the SA20 tournament. The team is based in Pretoria, and was formed in 2023. The team's home-ground is Centurion Park. The team is coached by Sourav Ganguly. Pretoria Capitals were the runners-up of the first season of SA20

The franchise is owned by JSW Sports.

SA20
The SA20, also known as the Betway SA20 for sponsorship reasons, is a Twenty20 franchise cricket tournament in South Africa, organised by Cricket South Africa (CSA) and first contested during the 2023 season. It is contested by six teams based in cities around the country. Sunrisers Eastern Cape have won three of the first four editions of the tournament, with MI Cape Town winning the third season. The primary sponsor is Betway, sponsoring the league since it launched.
Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI
The Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI was a high-wing touring aircraft that was designed and produced by the French aircraft manufacturer Peyret-Mauboussin.

The PM XI was designed as a Salmson-engined two-seat touring and sporting aircraft of wooden construction. It was, in part, an enlarged and more powerful derivative of the single-seat Peyret-Mauboussin PM X. A total of two aircraft were built, the first of which conducted its maiden flight on 9 July 1930. These aircraft were subjected to various trials and tests as well as being entered into competitive races. Quantity production was never established.

Peyret-Mauboussin PM X
The Peyret-Mauboussin PM X, PM 4 or Mauboussin M.10 was a low power, single-seat, high wing cantilever monoplane. Only one was built but it set several records in the under 250 kg (550 lb) class both as a landplane and a floatplane.
Glade Spring, Virginia
Glade Spring is a town in Washington County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Glade Spring had a population of 1,367. It is part of the Kingsport–Bristol (TN)–Bristol (VA) Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. I-81 runs through Glade Spring. It is located at exit 29.

Bristol, Virginia
Bristol is an independent city in Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,219. It is the twin city of Bristol, Tennessee, just across the state line, which runs down the middle of its main street, State Street. As an independent city, Bristol is not part of any county, but it is adjacent to Washington County, Virginia. It is a principal city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had a population of 307,614 in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.
Every Frame a Painting
Every Frame a Painting is a series of video essays about film form, editing, and cinematography created by Taylor Ramos and Tony Zhou between 2014 and 2016, published on YouTube and Vimeo. The series is considered a pioneer of film criticism on YouTube, and has been praised by several filmmakers. The series was revived in a limited series in 2024, alongside a short film by Ramos and Zhou.

Video essay
A video essay is an essay presented in the format of a video recording or short film rather than a conventional piece of writing; the form often overlaps with other forms of video entertainment on online platforms such as YouTube. A video essay allows an author to directly quote from film, video games, music, or other digital media, which is impossible with traditional writing. While many video essays are intended for entertainment, they can also have an academic or political purpose. This type of content is often described as educational entertainment.
Ontario Highway 125
King's Highway 125, commonly referred to as Highway 125, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is the second northernmost provincial highway in Ontario, behind Secondary Highway 599. The 13-kilometre (8.1 mi) route connects Highway 105 in Red Lake with Cochenour to the northeast. It was built in the early 1950s and assumed as a gravel-surfaced provincial highway in 1955. The route was paved in 1962 and remains generally unchanged today.

Ontario Highway 599
Secondary Highway 599, commonly referred to as Highway 599, is a provincially maintained secondary highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 291.0 km (180.8 mi) route connects Highway 17 near Ignace with the remote northern community of Pickle Lake; its terminus at Pickle Lake marks the northernmost point on the provincial highway system. Highway 599 was first assigned in 1956 between Savant Lake and Pickle Lake, although it did not connect with the rest of the provincial highway system at the time. Construction to link it with Highway 17 in Ignace took place between 1958 and 1966. The northern end of Highway 599 is one of two possible starting points for a road to the Ring of Fire mineral deposits, the other being Highway 584 in Nakina.
Pachydermoperiostosis
Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) is a rare genetic disorder that affects both bones and skin. Other names are primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy or Touraine-Solente-Golé syndrome. It is mainly characterized by pachyderma (thickening of the skin), periostosis (excessive bone formation) and finger clubbing (swelling of tissue with loss of normal angle between nail and nail bed).

This disease affects more men than women. After onset, the disease stabilizes after about 5–20 years. Life of PDP patients can be severely impaired. Currently, symptomatic treatments are NSAIDs and steroids or surgical procedures.

In 1868, PDP was first described by Friedreich as 'excessive growth of bone of the entire skeleton'. Touraine, Solente and Golé described PDP as the primary form of bone disease hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in 1935 and distinguished its three known forms.

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is a medical condition combining clubbing and periostitis of the small hand joints, especially the distal interphalangeal joints and the metacarpophalangeal joints. Distal expansion of the long bones as well as painful, swollen joints and synovial villous proliferation are often seen. The condition may occur alone (primary), or it may be secondary to diseases like lung cancer. Among patients with lung cancer, it is most associated with adenocarcinoma and least associated with small cell lung cancer. These patients often get clubbing and increased bone deposition on long bones. Their presenting signs and symptoms are sometimes only clubbing and painful ankles.
Pogledets Island
Pogledets Island (Bulgarian: остров Погледец, romanized: ostrov Pogledets, IPA: [ˈɔstrof ˈpɔɡlɛdɛt͡s]) is the northernmost of Dunbar Islands off Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands.  The feature is ice-free, crescent shaped facing southwest, and extending 200 m in north-south direction and 170 m in east-west direction.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The island is named after Pogledets Peak in Rila Mountain and its namesake in Stara Planina, Bulgaria.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.