hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinese chicken salad
Chinese chicken salad is a salad including chopped chicken and Chinese culinary ingredients that is common in parts of the United States. Though many variations exist, common features of Chinese chicken salads include lettuce, cabbage, carrots, cucumbers (pickled and/or regular), chicken (typically breast meat), deep-fried wonton skins or rice vermicelli and nuts (sliced almonds, cashews or peanuts). A basic vinaigrette for the salad includes ingredients like vegetable oil, sesame oil, rice vinegar (or citrus juice). Optional seasonings include dry hot mustard, sesame seeds, coriander and raw ginger or pickled ginger. In restaurants, Chinese chicken salad may be more embellished and offered as an American-style entree salad, similar to Caesar, Chef, and Cobb salads.

Cobb salad
The Cobb salad is an American garden salad typically made with chopped salad greens (authentically romaine lettuce), tomato, bacon, chicken breast, hard-boiled eggs, avocado, chives, blue cheese (often Roquefort; some versions use other cheeses such as cheddar or Monterey Jack, or no cheese at all) and red wine vinaigrette. The ingredients are laid out separately, often in neat rows. It is served as a main course.
Borel–de Siebenthal theory
In mathematics, Borel–de Siebenthal theory describes the closed connected subgroups of a compact Lie group that have maximal rank, i.e. contain a maximal torus. It is named after the Swiss mathematicians Armand Borel and Jean de Siebenthal who developed the theory in 1949. Each such subgroup is the identity component of the centralizer of its center. They can be described recursively in terms of the associated root system of the group. The subgroups for which the corresponding homogeneous space has an invariant complex structure correspond to parabolic subgroups in the complexification of the compact Lie group, a reductive algebraic group.

Identity component
In mathematics, specifically group theory, the identity component of a group G (also known as its unity component) refers to several closely related notions of the largest connected subgroup of G containing the identity element.

In point set topology, the identity component of a topological group G is the connected component G0 of G that contains the identity element of the group. The identity path component of a topological group G is the path component of G that contains the identity element of the group.

In algebraic geometry, the identity component of an algebraic group G over a field k is the identity component of the underlying topological space. The identity component of a group scheme G over a base scheme S is, roughly speaking, the group scheme G0 whose fiber over the point s of S is the connected component Gs0 of the fiber Gs, an algebraic group.
Uta Frith
Dame Uta Frith (née Aurnhammer; born 25 May 1941) is a German-British developmental psychologist and emeritus professor in cognitive development at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London (UCL). She pioneered much of the current research into autism and dyslexia. Her book Autism: Explaining the Enigma introduced the cognitive neuroscience of autism. She is credited with creating the Sally–Anne test along with fellow scientists Alan Leslie and Simon Baron-Cohen. Among students she has mentored are Tony Attwood, Maggie Snowling, Simon Baron-Cohen and Francesca Happé.

Maggie Snowling
Margaret Jean Snowling CBE FBA FMedSci (born 15 July 1955) is a British psychologist, and world-leading expert in language difficulties, including dyslexia. From 2012 to 2022 she was President of St John's College, Oxford and Professor in the Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford. Snowling was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2016 for services to science and the understanding of dyslexia. She was born in South Shields.
Independence Arch
The Independence Arch is a national monument located at Black Star Square (also known as Independence Square) in Accra, the capital of Ghana. It forms part of a complex of monuments commemorating the country's independence from British colonial rule in 1957. The Arch, alongside the Black Star Gate and the Liberation Day Monument forms part of the greater independence square.

Black Star Gate
The Black Star Gate is a monument located in Accra, Ghana, at the center of Black Star Square (formerly Independence Square). The gate is topped with the Black Star of Africa, a five-pointed star that symbolizes Africa in general and the independence and sovereignty of Ghana in particular.
Marquardt School District 15
Marquardt School District 15 is an elementary school district headquartered in Glendale Heights, Illinois. It serves sections of Glendale Heights, Addison, Bloomingdale, Glen Ellyn, and Lombard. As of 2017 it had 2,700 students.

Glendale Heights, Illinois
Glendale Heights is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 33,176. The village is almost entirely residential, and is a far west suburb of Chicago.
Otago pack saddle
The Otago pack saddle, later known as the British universal pack saddle, is a rideable pack saddle devised by Harvey Spiller in Otago, New Zealand, in 1863, to prevent ruinous injuries to horses carrying heavy loads. It was improved and adopted for military use by the Commissariat Transport Corps during the New Zealand wars of 1863–1867 and the Abyssinian expedition of 1867–1868, to become a preferred military general use type also favoured by expeditioners. Apart from horses, it worked well on mules and bullocks when adapted to them.

British expedition to Abyssinia
The British expedition to Abyssinia was a rescue mission and punitive expedition carried out in 1868 by the armed forces of the British Empire against the Ethiopian Empire (also known at the time as Abyssinia). Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia, then often referred to by the anglicized name Theodore, imprisoned several missionaries and two representatives of the British government in an attempt to force the British government to comply with his requests for military assistance. The punitive expedition launched by the British in response required the transportation of a sizeable military force hundreds of kilometres across mountainous terrain lacking any road system. The formidable obstacles to the action were overcome by the commander of the expedition, General Robert Napier, who captured the Ethiopian capital, and rescued all the hostages.

Historian Harold G. Marcus described the action as "one of the most expensive affairs of honour in history."
Arc length
Arc length is the distance between two points along a curve.
It can be formalized mathematically for smooth curves using vector calculus and differential geometry, or for curves that might not necessarily be smooth as a limit of lengths of polygonal chains. The curves for which this limit exists are called rectifiable curves, and the process of determining their arc length in this way is called curve rectification.

Polygonal chain
In geometry, a polygonal chain is a connected series of line segments. More formally, a polygonal chain ⁠⁠ is a curve specified by a sequence of points  called its vertices. The curve itself consists of the line segments connecting the consecutive vertices.
Space Based Surveillance project (India)
The Space Based Surveillance project is a series of programmes undertaken by the Government of India to launch a constellation of satellites for earth observation roles. The satellites are primarily meant to serve the Indian Armed Forces through the Defence Space Agency. India plans to deploye about 150 satellites for military roles.

Satellite constellation
A satellite constellation is a group of artificial satellites working together as a system. Unlike a single satellite, a constellation can provide permanent global or near-global coverage, such that at any time everywhere on Earth at least one satellite is visible. Satellites are typically placed in sets of complementary orbital planes and connect to globally distributed ground stations. They may also use inter-satellite communication.
Prithi Singh
Air Marshal Prithi Singh PVSM, AVSM, VM & Bar, ADC was an officer of the Indian Air Force. He served as Air Officer Commanding in Chief (AOC-in-C), Western Air Command from 1 August 1988  to 30 April 1992. During his 40 years in the Indian Air Force, Singh flew about 102 different types of aircraft and their 120+ versions setting a record in IAF of flying most number of aircraft.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
2023 Liga 3 Special Region of Yogyakarta
The 2023 Liga 3 Special Region of Yogyakarta will be the sixth season of Liga 3 Special Region of Yogyakarta as a qualifying round for the national phase of the 2023–24 Liga 3.

Mataram Utama were the defending champion. They were promoted to the 2022–23 Liga 2 following the conclusion of last season's national round, however they relinquished their Liga 2 spot to Nusantara United.

2023–24 Liga 3 (Indonesia)
2023–24 Liga 3 was the seventh season of the Liga 3 under the current name and the eighth season under the current league structure, and the only amateur league football competition in Indonesia. The tournament was organized by Provincial Association of PSSI for the provincial phase and PSSI for the national phase.

Karo United was the champions in the 2021–22 season.

Because Liga 2's previous season along with 2022–23 Liga 3 were abandoned due to a combination of factors with the most notable among them was the Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster, participants of the league remained unchanged from last season.
FEDU
FEDU (Bosnian: Festival dječije umjetnosti; Фестивал дјечије умјетности) is an annual children's art festival held in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is held in May, lasts for six days and showcases extensive performing arts, literary and music programs from around the world. Furthermore, it organizes numerous workshops for children between the ages of 6 and 14. The festival was established in 2015 by a team headed by children's writer Fahrudin Kučuk in cooperation with the government of the Sarajevo Canton. The main festival venue is the Sarajevo National Theatre. The festival has hosted productions from over 20 countries. It is the only international children's art festival in the Balkans.

Sarajevo National Theatre
The Sarajevo National Theatre (Bosnian and Serbian: Narodno pozorište Sarajevo, Народно позориште Сарајево, Croatian: Narodno kazalište Sarajevo) is the largest theatre in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of the most important cultural institutions in Southeastern Europe.
Calcium sulfite
Calcium sulfite, or calcium sulphite, is a chemical compound, the calcium salt of sulfite with the formula CaSO3·x(H2O). Two crystalline forms are known, the hemihydrate and the tetrahydrate, respectively CaSO3·½(H2O) and CaSO3·4(H2O). All forms are white solids.  It is most notable as the product of flue-gas desulfurization.

Sulfite
Sulfites or sulphites are compounds that contain the sulfite ion (systematic name: sulfate(IV) ion), SO2−3. The sulfite ion is the conjugate base of bisulfite. Although its acid (sulfurous acid) is elusive, its salts are widely used.

Sulfites are substances that naturally occur in some foods and the human body. They are also used as regulated food additives. When in food or drink, sulfites are often lumped together with sulfur dioxide.
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV) is a public research university with its main campus in Edinburg, Texas, United States, and multiple other campuses throughout the Rio Grande Valley. It is the southernmost member of the University of Texas System. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley was created by the Texas legislature in 2013 after the consolidation of the University of Texas at Brownsville and the University of Texas–Pan American.

In the fall of 2025, the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley enrolled 35,812 students, making it the ninth-largest university in the state of Texas and the fourth-largest (student enrollment) academic institution in the University of Texas system. In 2018, UTRGV was also one of the largest universities in the U.S. to have a majority Hispanic student population; 89.2% of its students are Hispanic, virtually all of them Mexican Americans.

It was classified in 2020 among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

University of Texas System
The University of Texas System (UT System) is a public university system in the U.S. state of Texas. It includes nine universities and five independent health institutions. The UT System is headquartered in Downtown Austin. It is the largest university system in Texas with 250,000+ enrolled students, 21,000+ employed faculty, 83,000+ health care professionals, researchers and support staff. The UT System's $47.5 billion endowment (as of the 2024 fiscal year) is the largest of any public university system in the United States.
Commondale railway station
Commondale is a railway station on the Esk Valley Line, which runs between Middlesbrough and Whitby via Nunthorpe. The station, situated 16 miles 72 chains (27.2 km) south-east of Middlesbrough, serves the village of Commondale in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Nunthorpe railway station
Nunthorpe is a railway station on the Esk Valley Line, which runs between Middlesbrough and Whitby. The station serves the village of Nunthorpe, in North Yorkshire, England; it lies 4 miles 48 chains (7.4 km) south-east of Middlesbrough. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

One of the two passing loops on the line is located here and there is a level crossing at the eastern end. The signal box that operates it also supervises the movements of trains on the entire branch and remotely controls the junction further down the line at Battersby.
2000 Hong Kong Sevens
The 2000 Hong Kong Sevens was an international rugby sevens tournament that was part of the inaugural World Sevens Series, the 1999–2000 season. It was the eighth leg of the series, held on 24–26 March 2000, at the Hong Kong Stadium, Hong Kong.

The tournament was the first edition of the Hong Kong Sevens within the World Sevens Series and contained 24 teams, an increase of eight from the other tournaments held in the Series. It was won by New Zealand who defeated Fiji 31–5 in the Cup final to win their fourth title of the Series.

1999–2000 World Sevens Series
The 1999–2000 World Sevens Series was the first season of the global circuit for men's national rugby sevens teams, organised by the International Rugby Board (now known as World Rugby). The series ran from December 1999 to May 2000 and incorporated ten tournaments spread over five continents. New Zealand was the series champion, winning five of the tournament events. Fiji finished as runner-up, eight points behind despite winning the remaining five tournaments. The leading try-scorer for the  inaugural season was Fiji's Vilimoni Delasau, who notched 83 tries over the series.
Willem Leyel's war on Golconda
Willem Leyel's war on Golconda (Danish: Willem Leyels krig mod Golconda), or simply the Dano-Golconda War (Danish: Dansk-Golcondanske Krig), was a brief privateering war between Sultanate of Golkonda and the Danish East India Company led by Willem Leyel. The hostilities quickly resulted in a peace treaty and the two parties would soon reconcile.

Danish East India Company
The Danish East India Company (Danish: Ostindisk Kompagni) refers to two separate Danish-Norwegian chartered companies. The first company operated between 1616 and 1650. The second company existed between 1670 and 1729, however, in 1730 it was re-founded as the Asiatic Company (Danish: Asiatisk Kompagni).
Job 10
Job 10 is the tenth chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it was written around 6th century BCE. This chapter records the speech of Job, which belongs to the Dialogue section of the book, comprising Job 3:1–31:40.

Job 3
Job 3 is the third chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it was written around the 6th century BCE. This chapter belongs to the Dialogue section of the book, comprising Job 3:1–31:40.
1936 United States Senate election in Minnesota
The 1936 United States Senate election in Minnesota took place on November 3, 1936. Incumbent Farmer–Laborite Elmer A. Benson, who had been temporarily appointed by Governor Floyd B. Olson in 1935 to fill the seat of the deceased Republican U.S. Senator Thomas D. Schall, opted to run for Governor rather than seek election to a full term or to fill the remainder of the unexpired term. Governor Olson won the Farmer–Labor primary for nomination to the full Senate term, but died of stomach cancer prior to the general election. In Olson's place, the Farmer–Labor Party ran U.S. Representative Ernest Lundeen, who went on to defeat former Governor Theodore Christianson of the Republican Party of Minnesota in the general election. A special election held on the same date elected Republican nominee Guy V. Howard to serve the remainder of Schall's unexpired term.

1936 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1936 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1936. Farmer–Labor Party candidate Elmer Austin Benson defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger Martin A. Nelson.  The Democrats did not field a candidate. Magnus Johnson unsuccessfully ran for the Farmer-Labor nomination.
Second presidency of Carlos Andrés Pérez
The second presidency of Carlos Andrés Pérez (1988–93) started with an economic crisis, a major riot in which hundreds were killed by security forces (Caracazo, 1989), followed by an economic recovery by also two coup attempts in 1992, and his 1993 impeachment. He was the first Venezuelan President to be impeached.

February 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt
The Venezuelan coup attempt of February 1992 was an attempt to seize control of the government of Venezuela by the Hugo Chávez-led Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) that took place on 4 February 1992. The coup was directed against President Carlos Andrés Pérez and occurred in a period marked by economic liberalization reforms, which were attempted in order to decrease the country's level of indebtedness and had caused major protests and social unrest. Despite their failure to depose the government of Pérez, the February coup attempts brought Chávez into the national spotlight. It was followed by another coup attempt on November of that year.
Gauthier River
The Rivière Gauthier is a tributary of the Saguenay River, flowing in the territory of the city of Saguenay (sector La Baie), in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

This small valley is served by "Chemin du Lac-des-Maltais", Chemin Saint-Isidore (Laterrière), route 170, Chemin Saint-Roch, l'autoroute 70, chemin du Plateau Nord, boulevard Saint-Jean-Baptiste, "chemin du rang Saint-Joseph" and "chemin du rang Saint-Martin", for agriculture, forestry, recreational and tourist activities and residents of this area.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the Gauthier River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.

Saguenay River
The Saguenay River (French: Rivière Saguenay, [ʁivjɛʁ saɡnɛ]) is a major river of Quebec, Canada. 
Draining Lac Saint-Jean in the Laurentian Highlands, it leaves Alma and runs east. The city of Saguenay is on the river, which drains into the Saint Lawrence River. Tadoussac, which was founded as a French colonial trading post in 1600, is located on the northeast bank at this site.

The river has a very high flow-rate and is bordered by steep cliffs associated with the Saguenay Graben. Tide waters flow in its fjord upriver as far as Chicoutimi (about 100 kilometres). Many beluga whales breed in the cold waters at its mouth, which makes Tadoussac a popular site for whale watching and sea kayaking, and Greenland sharks also frequent the depths of the river. The area of the confluence of the Saguenay and Saint Lawrence is protected by the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park, one of Canada's national parks.
2020 New York State Assembly election
Elections to the New York State Assembly were held on November 3, 2020 in the U.S. state of New York. The elections were part of the biennial elections in the United States, with elections for the State Senate, the U.S. House, and U.S. president being held on the same day. Primary elections were held on June 23.

Assembly Democrats won 105 of the chamber's 150 seats on election day, while Republicans won 43 seats and two other seats were won by members of third parties.

2020 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the 27 U.S. representatives from the State of New York, one from each of the state's 27 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primary election was held on June 23, 2020.
Andreas Karaczay
Andreas Karaczay de Vályeszáka or Andreas Karaiczay de Wallje Szaka or András Karacsaj de Válje-Szaka (Croatian: Andrija Karadžić;
Serbian: Андрија Караџић; 30 November 1744 – 22 March 1808) served in the Austrian army beginning in the Seven Years' War. In 1788–90, he fought in the Austro-Turkish War at Khotyn, Valea Seacă, Focșani, and Rymnik. In 1789 he was promoted to general officer, appointed Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian cavalry regiment, and became a friend to the famous Russian General Alexander Suvorov. He fought in the French Revolutionary Wars until 1795 when he retired because of "war fatigue". Suvorov recalled him to action in 1799 when he fought at the Trebbia, Alessandria, and Novi. He led the Austrians at Second Novi. After being badly wounded at Stockach in 1800, he retired from his military offices in 1801.

Siege of Khotyn (1788)
The siege of Khotyn took place in Khotyn, modern-day Ukraine, in 2 July–19 September 1788. The Habsburg Austrian army of 18,000 men led by Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld marched from Bukovina to lay siege to Khotyn. It was joined by an Imperial Russian army commanded by Ivan Saltykov. The combined Russian–Austrian forces besieged the Ottoman garrison in the fortress of Khotyn (also Khotin, Hotin) led by the Pasha of Khotyn, who held out for more than two months before capitulating. The Allies eventually forced the surrender of the fortress. Under the terms of surrender, any resident of Khotyn who wished to leave could join the Turks, who were allowed to march out with flags flying. The civilian refugees were to be provided with food and given 3,000 carts to move their possessions. This agreement, made by the Austrian generals, was ridiculed throughout Europe as too lenient. The siege was part of the Austro-Turkish War and the Russo-Turkish War.