hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brownie Lake
Brownie Lake is a lake in Hennepin County, Minnesota, and within the city limits of Minneapolis. It is the northernmost lake in the Minneapolis Chain of Lakes (Brownie Lake, Cedar Lake, Lake of the Isles, Bde Maka Ska, and Lake Harriet). It is within Brownie Lake Park, and administered by the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board (MPRB).

Lake of the Isles
Lake of the Isles is a lake in Minneapolis, Minnesota, connected to Cedar Lake and Bde Maka Ska. The lake is part of the city's Chain of Lakes and has an area of 109 acres (0.4 km2), 2.86 miles (4.6 km) of shoreline with a little under three miles of paved walking and biking paths, and a maximum depth of 31 feet (9 m). Lake of the Isles is known for its two wooded islands, its long north arm, and the surrounding stately houses of the Kenwood, Lowry Hill, and East Isles neighborhoods.
Chotank Creek Natural Area Preserve
Chotank Creek Natural Area Preserve is a 1,108-acre (4.48 km2) Natural Area Preserve located in King George County, Virginia. The preserve is situated east of Caledon State Park, and borders the Potomac River to which the preserve's namesake, Chotank Creek, is a tributary. It is part of the larger Cedar Grove farm, which is protected by a conservation easement. The preserve was dedicated in 2001 through an agreement with the property's private landowner.

Chotank Creek Natural Area Preserve protects a variety of habitats and natural communities, including upland hardwood forests, marshlands, swamp forests, and brackish scrub. Large gatherings of bald eagles have been observed to congregate on the Potomac near the preserve, and several nests have been found on the property.

The preserve is privately owned, and public access is not permitted. The site is managed with guidance from the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Virginia Natural Area Preserve System
The Virginia Natural Area Preserve System is a system of protected areas in the state of Virginia. It is managed by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation.

As of 2025, there are sixty-seven (67) dedicated preserves totaling 65,107 acres (263.48 km2). These preserves contain examples of some of the rarest natural communities in the state; in addition, many serve as a home for locally, nationally, and globally rare species.
Smouldering
Smouldering (British English) or smoldering (American English; see spelling differences) is the slow, flameless form of combustion, sustained by the heat evolved when oxygen directly attacks the surface of a condensed-phase fuel. Many solid materials can sustain a smouldering reaction, including coal, cellulose, wood, cotton, tobacco, cannabis, peat, plant litter, humus, synthetic foams, charring polymers including polyurethane foam and some types of dust. Common examples of smouldering phenomena are the initiation of residential fires on upholstered furniture by weak heat sources (e.g., a cigarette, a short-circuited wire), and the persistent combustion of biomass behind the flaming front of wildfires.

Flame
A flame (from Latin  flamma) is the visible, gaseous part of a fire. It is caused by a highly exothermic chemical reaction made in a thin zone. When flames are hot enough to have ionized gaseous components of sufficient density, they are then considered plasma.
207th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 207th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment of the Union Army in the American Civil War. Raised mostly in northern and central Pennsylvania in mid-1864, the regiment initially served with the Army of the James during the Siege of Petersburg, holding trenches at Bermuda Hundred. In late November it transferred to the Army of the Potomac and during the northern hemisphere spring campaign fought in the counterattack during the Battle of Fort Stedman and the Union breakthrough at Petersburg. During last days of the Appomattox Campaign it guarded the supply line, and participated in the Grand Review of the Armies following the end of the war before mustering out.

Army of the James
The Army of the James was a Union Army that was composed of units from the Department of Virginia and North Carolina and served along the James River during the final operations of the American Civil War in Virginia.
Zbrojovka Brno
Zbrojovka Brno, s.r.o. is a small arms manufacturer based in Brno, Czech Republic. It's a wholly owned subsidiary of Colt-CZ Group.

The company name roughly translates to "Arsenal Brno". In the past, it was highly diversified and produced a wide range of products, including kitchen appliances, scales, sewing and cutting machines, as well as machine guns, light artillery, passenger cars, motorcycles, tractors, and office equipment such as typewriters, keyboards, teleprinters, and computers.

In 1946, Zbrojovka started manufacturing tractors under the brand name Zetor. Tractors became some of its most successful products, and Zetor was later spun off into a separate company that continues to operate on the site of the former Brno Zweigwerk factory in Brno-Líšeň.

Colt CZ Group
Colt CZ Group SE (formerly Česká zbrojovka Group – CZG) is a European firearms and related industries holding company, based in Prague, Czech Republic. Its principal firearms brands are Česká zbrojovka, CZ-USA, and Colt.
Ultra-high-purity steam for oxidation and annealing
Ultra-high-purity steam, also called the  clean steam, UHP steam or high purity water vapor, is used in a variety of industrial manufacturing processes that require oxidation or annealing. These processes include the growth of oxide layers on silicon wafers for the semiconductor industry, originally described by the Deal-Grove model, and for the formation of passivation layers used to improve the light capture ability of crystalline photovoltaic cells. Several methods and technologies can be employed to generate ultra high purity steam, including pyrolysis, bubbling, direct liquid injection, and purified steam generation. The level of purity, or the relative lack of contamination, affects the quality of the oxide layer or annealed surface. The method of delivery affects growth rate, uniformity, and electrical performance. Oxidation and annealing are common steps in the manufacture of such devices as microelectronics and solar cells.

Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis (/paɪˈrɒlɪsɪs/; from Ancient Greek  πῦρ (pûr) 'fire' and  λύσις (lúsis) 'separation') is a process involving the separation of covalent bonds in organic matter by thermal decomposition within an inert environment without oxygen.
Martin Place railway station
Martin Place railway station is a heritage-listed underground suburban rail and rapid transit station located on the Eastern Suburbs line, serving the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia. Named after Martin Place, it is served by Sydney Trains' T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line, NSW TrainLink's South Coast Line and Sydney Metro's North West & Bankstown Line. It was designed by Fowell, Mansfield Jarvis and McLurcan and built from 1973 to 1979. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Metro North West & Bankstown Line
The M1 Metro North West & Bankstown Line is a rapid transit rail line in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The first and currently only line on the Sydney Metro network, it commenced operation on 26 May 2019, originally running between Tallawong and Chatswood, before the line was extended on 19 August 2024 to Sydenham. The line will be extended to Bankstown in September 2026.
St Giles' Catholic Church, Cheadle
St Giles' Church is a Roman Catholic church in the town of Cheadle, Staffordshire, England. The Grade I listed Gothic Revival church was designed by Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin and built between 1841 and 1846, funded by the Catholic 16th Earl of Shrewsbury, John Talbot.  It designed in a decorated and gothic revival style, typical of Pugin. The church is highly decorated on the outside and the inside, and has a tall steeple, the interior is painted throughout, and is floored with patterned tiles.  Almost all the furniture and fittings were designed by Pugin, including the piscina, sedilia, a recess for an Easter Sepulchre, the reredos, font, font cover, pulpit, and screen. The spire is 200 feet (61 m) high and the church by far the tallest building in not just Cheadle, but all neighbouring towns, even eclipsing the Towers ruins at Alton Towers Resort in neighbouring Alton, also partially built by Pugin.

History of Alton Towers
Alton Towers is a historic estate located near the village of Alton in Staffordshire, England. It was the seat of the Earls of Shrewsbury during the 19th century. The area around Alton Towers has seen human habitation for more than a thousand years. The estate is today home to the Alton Towers theme park, opened in 1980.
Goldney baronets
The Goldney Baronetcy, of Beechfield in the Parish of Corsham and Bradenstoke Abbey in the Parish of Lyneham, both in the County of Wiltshire, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 11 May 1880 for Gabriel Goldney, Conservative Member of Parliament for Chippenham. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1974.

Sir John Goldney, Chief Justice of Trinidad and Tobago, was the third son of the first Baronet.

Sir Gabriel Goldney, 1st Baronet
Sir Gabriel Goldney, 1st Baronet (25 July 1813 – 8 May 1900) was a British landowner, financier and banker who sat in the House of Commons from 1865 to 1885 for the Conservative Party. He was created a baronet in May 1880.
National Automobile Dealers Association
The National Automobile Dealers Association (NADA) is an American trade organization representing nearly 16,500 franchised new car and truck dealerships, both domestic and foreign. Established in 1917, the organization is based in Tysons Corner, Virginia. As the automotive retail industry's primary trade association, NADA monitors federal legislation and regulation affecting dealerships and publishes forecasts and reports about industry trends. American Truck Dealers, established in 1970, is a division of NADA representing nearly 1,800 heavy- and medium-duty truck dealerships throughout the United States.

Tysons, Virginia
Tysons, also known as Tysons Corner, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, spanning from the corner of SR 123  (Chain Bridge Road) and SR 7 (Leesburg Pike). It is part of the Washington metropolitan area and located in Northern Virginia between McLean and Vienna along I-495.

Tysons is home to two super-regional shopping malls, Tysons Corner Center and Tysons Galleria, and the corporate and administrative headquarters of Alarm.com, Appian, Booz Allen Hamilton, Capital One, Freddie Mac, Hilton Worldwide, ID.me, Intelsat, M.C. Dean, Inc., MicroStrategy, and Tegna Inc.

As an unincorporated community, Tysons is Fairfax County's central business district and a regional commercial center. It has been called a quintessential example of an edge city. The population was 26,374 as of the 2020 census.
Interstate 255
Interstate 255 (I-255) is a bypass route of I-55 in Greater St. Louis. Along with I-270, it forms a loop around the central portion of the bi-state metro area; a majority of I-255 is located on the Illinois half. It shares its southern terminus with I-270 at the junction with I-55; I-270 and I-255 go to the west and east, respectively. U.S. Route 50 (US 50) joins I-255 at Lemay Ferry Road. It crosses the Mississippi River on the Jefferson Barracks Bridge, enters Illinois, and then turns northeast. There is a junction with I-64, where US 50 breaks off and goes east, and then further north there is a junction with I-55 again, I-70, and US 40, all of which are all cosigned together. The next junction is another one with I-270, which is the northern terminus of I-255. After that, the limited-access freeway continues on as Illinois Route 255 (IL 255). I-255 is 30.82 miles (49.60 km) in length.

Interstate 64 in Illinois
Interstate 64 (I-64) in the US state of Illinois is a major east–west Interstate Highway that runs through southern Illinois from the St. Louis metropolitan area east to the Indiana state line near Grayville, Illinois. It travels a distance of 130.4 miles (209.9 km).
Beverly D. Stakes
The Beverly D. Stakes is a Grade II flat horse race in the United States for thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three years and upward over a distance of 1+3⁄16 miles at Colonial Downs in New Kent County, Virginia. The event is a supporting stakes race on the Arlington Million racing program.

Churchill Downs, whose parent company owns the land of the defunct Arlington Park racetrack, hosted the Beverly D. Stakes in 2022. The 2023 race was run at Churchill-owned Colonial Downs in Virginia.

Arlington Million
The Arlington Million is a Grade 1 flat horse race in the United States for thoroughbred horses aged three years and upward on turf. It was originally raced at Arlington Park in Arlington Heights, Illinois over a distance of 1+1⁄4 miles.

The Arlington Million is the first thoroughbred race to offer a purse of US$1,000,000. It is part of the Breeders' Cup Challenge series, and the winner automatically qualifies for the Breeders' Cup Turf.

Churchill Downs, whose parent company owned the land of the defunct Arlington Park racetrack, hosted the Arlington Million in 2022. The 2023 race was run at Churchill-owned Colonial Downs in Virginia.
50 yen coin
The 50 yen coin (五十円硬貨, Gojū-en kōka) is a denomination of Japanese yen. These coins were first minted in 1955, and concurrently circulated alongside a banknote denomination of the same amount. 50 yen notes were eventually pulled from circulation shortly before the center of the 50 yen coin was holed. The first yen coins were made of pure nickel and slightly larger than the ones used today. Changes to the 50 yen coin were made in response to events surrounding the 100 yen coin. The public wanted a different looking 50 yen coin while the mint wanted to stay consistent with the material used to make the coins. The current design was first minted in 1967 using Cupronickel rather than pure nickel. The 50 yen coin continues to be minted for commerce, and is a collectible among hobbyists.

100 yen coin
The 100 yen coin (百円硬貨, Hyaku-en kōka) is a denomination of Japanese yen. These coins were first minted in 1957 using a silver alloy, before the current design was adopted with an alloy change in 1967. It is the second-highest denomination coin in Japan, after the 500 yen coin. The current 100 yen coin is one of two denominations that depict the emperor's rule date in Arabic numerals rather than kanji.
VenueGen
VenueGen was a browser-based web conferencing service created and marketed by The Venue Network. It was a 3D virtual meeting software that enables users to interact with each other using avatars. Users could host and attend meetings, conferences, and training with other colleagues and upload rich media into virtual meeting rooms for real-time collaboration.

Web conferencing
Web conferencing is used as an umbrella term for various types of online conferencing and collaborative services including webinars (web seminars), webcasts, and web meetings. Sometimes it may be used also in the more narrow sense of the peer-level web meeting context, in an attempt to disambiguate it from the other types known as collaborative sessions.

In general, web conferencing is made possible by Internet technologies, particularly on TCP/IP connections. Services may allow real-time point-to-point communications as well as multicast communications from one sender to many receivers. It offers data streams of text-based messages, voice and video chat to be shared simultaneously, across geographically dispersed locations. Applications for web conferencing include meetings, training events, lectures, or presentations from a web-connected computer to other web-connected computers.
Nikolai Semashko (medicine)
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko (Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Сема́шко; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1874 – 18 May 1949) was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet bureaucrat and physician who became People's Commissar of Public Health in 1918, and served in that role until 1930. He was one of the organizers of the health system in the Soviet Union (often called the Semashko system), an academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences (1944) and of the Russian SFSR (1945).

Ministry of Health (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of Health (MOH) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Министерство здравоохранения СССР), formed on 15 March 1946, was one of the most important government offices in the Soviet Union. It was formerly (until 1946) known as the People's Commissariat for Health (Народный комиссариат здравоохранения). The Ministry, at the all-Union level, was established on 6 July 1923, after the signing of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, and was, in turn, based upon the People's Commissariat for Health of the RSFSR formed in 1917. The Ministry was led by the Minister of Health, prior to 1946 a People's Commissar, who was nominated by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers and confirmed by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, and was a member of the Council of Ministers.
John W. Lieb
John William Lieb (February 12, 1860, in Newark, New Jersey – November 1, 1929, in New Rochelle, New York) was an American electrical engineer for the Edison Electric Light Company. Lieb was president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers from 1904 to 1905. He received the IEEE Edison Medal for "the development and operation of electric central stations for illumination and power."

IEEE Edison Medal
The IEEE Edison Medal is presented by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) "for a career of meritorious achievement in electrical science, electrical engineering, or the electrical arts." It is the oldest medal in this field of engineering.   The award consists of a gold medal, bronze replica, certificate, and honorarium.  The medal may only be awarded to a new leap/breakthrough in the technological area of science.
Dominic Lau Hoe Chai
Dominic Lau Hoe Chai (Chinese: 刘华才; pinyin: Liú Huácái; Jyutping: Lau4 Waa4 Coi4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâu Hôa-châi; born 18 September 1967) is a Malaysian politician who had served as a Senator from November 2021 to November 2024. He is currently the 6th President of the Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition. He succeeded Mah Siew Keong as party president in November 2018.

Mah Siew Keong
Mah Siew Keong (simplified Chinese: 马袖强; traditional Chinese: 馬袖強; pinyin: Mǎ Xiùqiáng; Jyutping: Maa5 Zau6 Koeng4; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Má Siū-kiông; Foochow Romanized: Mā Sêu-giòng; born 17 June 1961) is a Malaysian politician who served as Minister of Plantation Industries and Commodities and Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Najib Razak from June 2014 to the collapse of the BN administration in May 2018, Member of Parliament (MP) for Teluk Intan from November 1999 to March 2008 and again from May 2014 to May 2018 and Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Pasir Bedamar from April 1995 to November 1999. He is a member and Advisor of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN), a component party of presently the Perikatan Nasional (PN) and formerly BN coalition. He previously served as the 5th President of GERAKAN from October 2013 to September 2018.
1976 Men's World Open Squash Championship
The 1976 Lucas Industries Men's World Open Squash Championship was the inaugural men's edition of the 1976 World Open, which serves as the individual world championship for squash players. The event took place in London in England from 31 January to 7 February 1976. Geoff Hunt won his first World Open title, defeating Mohibullah Khan in the final.
The championship of 1976 also served as the British Open for that year.

World Squash Championships
The World Squash Championships are squash events, which since the early 1990s have been held annually for both men and women organised by the Professional Squash Association. The men's event was first held in 1976 in London, England and the women's was inaugurated in 1976 in Brisbane, Australia.
Wahid Khan (beenkar)
Wahid Khan, more commonly known as Wahid Khan Beenkar or Indorewale Wahid Khan, (c. 1840s – 1933) was an Indian classical rudra veena player and, along with his younger brother Ghagge Nazir Khan, founded the Mewati gharana, later popularized by Pandit Jasraj and Rais Khan.

Rais Khan
Ustad Rais Khan (Urdu: رئیس خان‎; 25 November 1939 – 6 May 2017) was a Pakistani sitarist. At his peak he was regarded as one of the greatest sitar players of all time. He continued performing till his last days. He moved from India to Pakistan in 1986, where he took up Pakistani citizenship.

In 2017, Khan was awarded Pakistan's third highest civilian honour, the Sitara-i-Imtiaz (Crescent of Excellence) Award by the Government of Pakistan.
Urban Gothic
Urban Gothic is a sub-genre of Gothic fiction, film horror, and television dealing with industrial and post-industrial urban society. It was pioneered in the mid-19th century in Britain, Ireland, and the United States, before being developed in British novels such as Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) and Irish novels such as Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) and Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897). In the twentieth century, urban Gothic influenced the creation of the sub-genres of Southern Gothic and suburban Gothic. From the 1980s, interest in the urban Gothic was revived with books like Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles and a number of graphic novels that drew on dark city landscapes, leading to adaptations in film including Batman (1989), The Crow (1994) and From Hell (2001), as well as influencing films like Seven (1995).

Southern Gothic
Southern Gothic is an artistic subgenre of fiction, music, film, theatre, and television that is heavily influenced by Gothic elements and set in the American South. Southern Gothic fiction highlights violence and cruelty as features of Southern culture, often through characters whose place in the social order exposes them to such treatment. Common motifs include racism, gender and sexual difference, poverty and disability. Where Gothic literature depicted the intrusion of the barbaric past into the Enlightenment, Southern Gothic depicts the persistence of social trauma in the reconstructed South. The genre arose in reaction to romantic portrayals influenced by Lost Cause myths and the ideology of American exceptionalism.
Desbutal
Desbutal was the brand name of a fixed-dose combination formulation composed of 5mg of the central nervous system (CNS) stimulant ("upper") amphetamine derivative, methamphetamine hydrochloride (HCl) and 30 mg of the CNS depressant ("downer") barbiturate, pentobarbital sodium. Manufactured by Abbott Laboratories as a scored tablet to be taken orally.

Marketed as an antidepressant, as well an anorectic for treating obesity, a treatment for narcolepsy, parkinsonism, alcoholism, and some off-label uses, Desbutal had a high potential for abuse and dependence, consequently being discontinued.

Pentobarbital
Pentobarbital (US) or pentobarbitone (British and Australian) is a short-acting barbiturate typically used as a sedative, a preanesthetic, and to control convulsions in emergencies. It can also be used for short-term treatment of insomnia but has been largely replaced by the benzodiazepine family of drugs.

In high doses, pentobarbital causes death by respiratory arrest. It is frequently used for veterinary euthanasia, and is used by some US states and the United States federal government for executions of convicted criminals by lethal injection. In some countries and states, it is also used for physician-assisted suicide.

Pentobarbital was developed by Ernest H. Volwiler and Donalee L. Tabern at Abbott Laboratories in 1930. The drug was widely abused beginning in the late 1930s, and it is sometimes known as "yellow jackets" due to the yellow color of Nembutal-branded capsules.