hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Second Chui Volost
The Second Chui Volost (Otok of Kebeks, Altan Nuur Urianghai) was a state with partial sovereignty, that existed on the territory of the modern Kosh-Agachsky District of the Altai Republic. In 1865, it became a volost of the Russian Empire and subsequently a district of modern Russia. Most of its territory was inhabited by the Telengits, also known as Altaians-Dvoedans, who were tributaries to the Russian Empire (before 1721, to the Tsardom of Russia) and the Qing Empire (before 1755, to the Dzungar Khanate). It was traditionally ruled by Zaisans of the Ak-Kebek dynasty.

Kosh-Agachsky District
Kosh-Agachsky District (Russian: Кош-Ага́чский райо́н, romanized: Kosh-Agachskij raion; Altay: Кош-Агаш аймак, Кӧжӧӧ-Агаш аймак, romanized: Qoş-Ağaş aymaq, Köjöö-Ağaş aymaq; Kazakh: Қосағаш ауданы, romanized: Qosağaş audany) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the south and southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 19,845 square kilometers (7,662 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kosh-Agach. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 18,263, with the population of Kosh-Agach accounting for 43.3% of that number.
Arriva North West and Wales
Arriva North West and Wales was a division of Arriva that operated bus services around North West England and Wales. It was made up from several previous bus operators, including North Western (in Merseyside, Cheshire and Lancashire), most of MTL North (formerly Merseybus), the Bee Line Buzz Company (in Greater Manchester), and most of what was once Crosville Motor Services (in Cheshire and Wales).

In January 2009, the Welsh depots were separated into a new division named Arriva Buses Wales, with the remainder of the division reverting to its previous title of Arriva North West.

North Western Road Car Company (1986)
The North Western Road Car Company, commonly abbreviated to North Western, was a bus operator based in Aintree in Merseyside, running services in Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. Following its sale from the National Bus Company, the company was a subsidiary of the Drawlane Group and its successor British Bus, and operated services between September 1986 and January 1998. The company today trades as part of Arriva North West.
Corey Olsen
Corey Olsen (born August 16, 1974), also known as the "Tolkien Professor", is an American teacher and podcaster, best known for his work in new media promoting the works of J.R.R. Tolkien and medieval literature. Formerly a professor at Washington College, Olsen began dedicating his time to Signum University, an online learning facility he founded in 2011. He is the author of the 2012 book Exploring J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit.

The Tolkien scholar Jason Fisher called Olsen "a great popularizer of Tolkien, both in and outside the classroom", while The Washington Post described him as "one of the most popular medievalists in America".

Jason Fisher
Jason Fisher is a Tolkien scholar and winner of multiple Mythopoeic Scholarship Awards, including one in 2014 for his book Tolkien and the Study of His Sources: Critical Essays. He served as the editor of the Mythopoeic Society's monthly Mythprint from 2010 to 2013. He is the author of many book chapters, academic articles, and encyclopedia entries on J. R. R. Tolkien.
Nina Allan
Nina Allan (born 27 May 1966) is a British writer of speculative fiction. She has published five collections of short stories, multiple novella-sized works, and five novels. Her stories have appeared in the magazines Interzone, Black Static and Crimewave and have been nominated for or won a number of awards, including the Grand prix de l'Imaginaire and the BSFA Award.

BSFA Award
The BSFA Awards are literary awards presented annually since 1970 by the British Science Fiction Association (BSFA) to honour works in the genre of science fiction. Nominees and winners are chosen based on a vote of BSFA members. More recently, members of the Eastercon convention have also been eligible to vote.
Lava Beds National Monument
Lava Beds National Monument is located in northeastern California, in Siskiyou and Modoc counties. The monument lies on the northeastern flank of Medicine Lake Volcano, which is the largest volcano by area in the Cascade Range.

The region in and around Lava Beds National Monument lies at the junction of the Sierra-Klamath, Cascade, and Great Basin physiographic provinces. The monument was established as a national monument on November 21, 1925, and includes more than 46,000 acres (190 km2).

Lava Beds National Monument has numerous lava tubes, with 27 having marked entrances and developed trails for public access and exploration. The monument also offers trails through the high Great Basin xeric shrubland desert landscape and the volcanic field. In 1872 and 1873, the area was the site of the Modoc War, involving a band led by Kintpuash (also known as Captain Jack). The area of Captain Jack's Stronghold was named in his honor.

Volcanic field
A volcanic field is an area of Earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. The type and number of volcanoes required to be called a "field" is not well-defined. Volcanic fields usually consist of clusters of up to 100 volcanoes such as cinder cones. Lava flows may also occur. They may occur as a monogenetic volcanic field or a polygenetic volcanic field.
Computation of time (Catholic canon law)
In the canon law of the Catholic Church, the computation of time, also translated as the reckoning of time (Latin: supputatio temporis), is the manner by which legally-specified periods of time are calculated according to the norm of the canons on the computation of time. The application of laws frequently involves a question of time: generally three months must elapse after their promulgation before they go into effect; some obligations have to be fulfilled within a certain number of days, or weeks, or months. Hence the need of the rules for the computation of time.

With the Code of 1917 and the reformed Code of 1983, the legislator has formulated these rules with a clearness and precision that they never had before.

1917 Code of Canon Law
The 1917 Code of Canon Law (abbreviated 1917 CIC, from its Latin title Codex Iuris Canonici), also referred to as the Pio-Benedictine Code, is the first official comprehensive codification of Latin canon law.

Ordered by Pope Pius X in 1904 and carried out by the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law, led by Pietro Cardinal Gasparri, the work to produce the code was completed and promulgated under Pope Benedict XV on 27 May 1917, coming into effect on 19 May 1918. The 1917 Code of Canon Law has been described as "the greatest revolution in canon law since the time of Gratian" (1150s AD).

The 1917 Code of Canon Law was composed of laws called canons, of which there were 2,414. It remained in force until the 1983 Code of Canon Law took legal effect and abrogated it on 27 November 1983.
Hyde Park (cricket ground)
Hyde Park was a cricket ground in Sheffield on a site now used for high-rise community flats. It took the name of fields that occupied the area in the early 19th century. Hyde Park was used for important matches between 1830 and 1854. It opened in 1826 and was adopted by Sheffield Cricket Club as a home venue, replacing Darnall New Ground, from 1830 until 1854. It was itself superseded in April 1855 by Bramall Lane. Hyde Park staged the first "Roses Match" between Yorkshire and Lancashire in July 1849.

Manchester Cricket Club
Manchester Cricket Club was founded in 1816 and was a direct forerunner of Lancashire County Cricket Club which was founded in 1864. Important Manchester matches were mostly played between 1844 and 1858, after which it was superseded by the county club.
William Henry Metcalf (VC)
William Henry Metcalf VC, MM & Bar (29 January 1894 – 8 August 1968) was an American soldier in the Canadian Army during World War I. Metcalf was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Although Metcalf was born in the United States, Metcalf is also considered Canadian since he joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force in 1914. He is one of only seven Americans to receive the Victoria Cross.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
Rehema Muthamia
Rehema Muthamia (born 15 March 1996) is an English actress, model, and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss England 2021 and represented England at Miss World 2022. Muthamia won the Beauty with A Purpose round, placed Top 27 in the Talent round, and placed overall in the Top 40 at the Miss World final.

Miss World 2021
Miss World 2021 was the 70th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Coca-Cola Music Hall in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on 16 March 2022. The coronation was originally scheduled to be held on 16 December 2021 at the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum. However, the pageant was rescheduled to 16 March 2022 due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Puerto Rico.

At the end of the event, Karolina Bielawska of Poland was crowned as Miss World 2021 by Toni-Ann Singh of Jamaica. It is the second victory of Poland in the history of the pageant.

Contestants from ninety-seven countries and territories competed in the pageant, featuring the smallest number of candidates at the pageant since 2003. The pageant was hosted by Peter Andre and Fernando Allende. Don Omar, Gente de Zona, Víctor Manuelle, Pedro Capó, and the Puerto Rico Philharmonic Orchestra (Filarmónica de Puerto Rico) conducted by Angel Velez with guest conductor Mike Dixon performed.
2022 Northwestern Red Raiders football team
The 2022 Northwestern Red Raiders football team represented Northwestern College as a member of the Great Plains Athletic Conference during the 2022 NAIA football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Matt McCarty, the Red Raiders compiled an overall record of 13–1 with a mark of 9–1 in conference play, placing second in the GPAC.

Northwestern (IA) beat Dickinson State in the first round, Marian (IN) in the quarterfinals, and Indiana Wesleyan in the seminfinals before playing in the 2022 NAIA Football National Championship where they played Keiser and won 35–25 to secure the school's third-overall title. Northwestern (IA) played home games at Korver Field at De Valois Stadium in Orange City, Iowa.

2022 NAIA football season
The 2022 NAIA football season is the component of the 2022 college football season organized by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) in the United States.

The regular season began on August 25 and culminated on November 12.

The playoffs, known as the NAIA Football National Championship, will begin on November 19 and culminate with the championship game on December 17 at Durham County Memorial Stadium in Durham, North Carolina.
Latvia in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Latvia has been represented at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest since the inaugural contest in 2003. The Latvian participating broadcaster in the contest is Latvijas Televīzija (LTV). The broadcaster used a national selection format, entitled "Bērnu Eirovīzija" and later "Balss Pavēlnieks", for its participation at the contests. The first entry at the 2003 contest was "Tu esi vasarā" by Dzintars Čīča, which finished in ninth place out of sixteen participating entries, achieving a score of thirty-seven points. LTV were originally absent from the competition from 2006 to 2009. It briefly returned in 2010 and 2011 however again withdrew from competing after the contest held in Yerevan, and have yet to make its return to the contest.

Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2010
The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2010 was the eighth edition of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest, held on 20 November 2010 at the Minsk Arena in Minsk, Belarus, and presented by Denis Kourian and Leila Ismailava. It was organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster the Belarusian Television and Radio Company (BTRC). Broadcasters from fourteen countries participated in the contest.

The winner was Armenia with the song "Mama" by Vladimir Arzumanyan. This gave Armenia its first Junior Eurovision victory and its first victory in any Eurovision contest.
Cabinet Secretary for Fair Work, Skills and Training
The Cabinet Secretary for Fair Work, Skills and Training was a position in the Scottish Government cabinet. The Cabinet Secretary had overall responsibility for employment policy, women's employment, youth employment, the living wage and skills and employment training. The Cabinet Secretary was assisted by the Minister for Youth and Women's Employment.The position was abolished in May 2016, with employment issues moving to the 
Cabinet Secretary for Economy, Jobs and Fair Work, and training matters being dealt with by the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills.

Minister for Employment and Investment
The Minister for Employment and Investment, commonly referred to as the Employment Minister was a junior ministerial post in the Scottish Government.  As a result, the Minister did not attend the Scottish Cabinet. The minister reported to the Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Gaelic.

In June 2025, the post was abolished by First Minister John Swinney and its responsibilities split between other ministers covering the economy brief.
Bradford S. Smith
Bradford S. Smith (born November 3, 1950) is an American Republican Party politician who served in the New Jersey Senate from the 7th Legislative District from 1992 to 1994 before serving for four years as the fourth chairman of the New Jersey Casino Control Commission. He was the Mayor of Cinnaminson Township, New Jersey in 1979 and 1982.

Cinnaminson Township, New Jersey
Cinnaminson Township is a township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Cinnaminson Township borders the Delaware River, and is an eastern suburb of Philadelphia. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 17,064, an increase of 1,495 (+9.6%) from the 2010 census count of 15,569, which in turn reflected an increase of 974 (+6.7%) from the 14,595 counted in the 2000 census. The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

Cinnaminson was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15, 1860, from portions of Chester Township (now known as Maple Shade Township). Portions of the township were taken to form Delran Township (February 12, 1880), Riverton (December 18, 1893) and Palmyra (April 19, 1894).
Green Lake (Washtenaw County, Michigan)
Green Lake is a fresh water lake located in northwest Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The lake encompasses 90.5 acres (36.6 ha).  It is located entirely within Lyndon Township about five miles (8.0 km) northwest of the city of Chelsea along M-52.  The lake is located within Waterloo State Recreation Area along the northeastern edge of the park's boundaries near Pinckney State Recreation Area.

Pinckney State Recreation Area
Pinckney State Recreation Area is a Michigan state recreation area in Dexter, Sylvan and Lyndon Townships, Washtenaw County and Putnam and Unadilla Townships, Livingston County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The park is 11,000 acres (4,500 ha) and sits at an elevation of 922 feet (281 m). The park is connected to the nearby Waterloo State Recreation Area by the 35-mile (56 km) Waterloo–Pinckney Trail. Pinckney State Recreation Area is open for year-round recreation including hiking, fishing, swimming, hunting and a variety of winter sports.
2019 ZLM Tour
The 2019 ZLM Tour was the 32nd edition of the ZLM Tour cycling stage race. It started on 19 June in Yerseke and ended on 23 June in Tilburg and was a part of the 2019 UCI Europe Tour as a 2.1-ranked event.

The race was won by Mike Teunissen of Team Jumbo–Visma. Teammate Amund Grøndahl Jansen finished second, and Mads Würtz Schmidt of Katusha–Alpecin rounded out the podium. Dylan Groenewegen of Team Jumbo–Visma took the points classification, Rasmus Byriel Iversen of Lotto–Soudal took the young rider classification, and Team Jumbo–Visma took the teams classification.

Yerseke
Yerseke (Dutch: [ˈirsəkə], Zeeuws: [ˈisə]) is a village situated on the southern shore of the Oosterschelde (Eastern Scheldt) estuary in the Dutch province of Zeeland. A separate municipality until 1970, it today forms part of the municipality of Reimerswaal. As of 2010 Yerseke had a recorded population of 6,695 inhabitants, living in 2,680 households.

The fishing village is well known for its aquaculture. Tourists visit the oyster pits, harbors and museum of the town and fishing industry, as well as the annual celebration of the mussel harvest (Mosseldag) in August. The village furthermore plays host to the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ).
Mostafa Tajzadeh
Mostafa Tajzadeh (Persian: مصطفی تاج‌زاده) is an Iranian reformist politician and a senior member of Islamic Iran Participation Front, as well as Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization.

He was imprisoned at Evin Prison from 2009 until 2016.

Tajzadeh was briefly Acting Minister of Interior under administration of President Mohammad Khatami after impeachment of Abdollah Nouri, advisor to President Mohammad Khatami in his last two years of administration, a deputy at Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Culture.

He is also a member of Association of Iranian Journalists.

Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance
The Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance (Persian: وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی, Vezârat-e Farhang va Ershâd-e Eslâmi) ("Ministry of CIG") is a ministry responsible for managing access to media that, in the view of the Iranian government or the ministry, violates Iranian ethics or promotes values alien to Iranian culture. This may include internet censorship.  It also manages the alignment of religion and the law of the country. It was formed by the merger of the Ministry of Culture and Art and the Ministry of Information and Tourism.
2003 Democratic Progressive Party presidential primary
The 2003 Democratic Progressive Party presidential primary was the selection process by which the Democratic Progressive Party of the Republic of China (Taiwan) chose its candidate for the 2004 presidential election. The DPP candidate for president was not selected because only one person, the incumbent President Chen Shui-bian, wanted to take the ticket.

2004 Taiwanese presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Taiwan on 20 March 2004. A consultative referendum took place on the same day regarding relations with the People's Republic of China.

President Chen Shui-bian and Vice President Annette Lu of the Democratic Progressive Party were re-elected by a narrow margin of 0.22% over a combined opposition ticket of Kuomintang (KMT) Chairman Lien Chan and People First Party Chairman James Soong. Lien and Soong refused to concede and unsuccessfully challenged the results.
Awaz (1978 film)
Awaz (Urdu: آواز, transl. The Voice) is a 1978 Pakistani Urdu language film, produced and directed by Zafar Shabab. The film stars Waheed Murad, Shabnam, Bindiya, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Naghma, Nanha, Najma Mehboob and Mohammad Ali. The film was released on 27 October 1978 in Pakistani cinemas.

Mohammad Ali (actor)
Mohammad Ali (Urdu: مُحمّد علی; 19 April 1931 – 19 March 2006) was a Pakistani actor. He was known as Shahenshah-e-Jazbaat 
(Urdu: شہنشاہِ جذبات), meaning The Emperor of Emotions. A versatile performer, he acted in dramatic, romantic, and historical movies. He was voted among 25 of the greatest actors of Asia in a 2010 CNN poll.
(5587) 1990 SB
(5587) 1990 SB is an unnamed near-Earth asteroid (NEA) orbiting in the inner Solar System. It was discovered on 16 September 1990 by astronomers Henry E. Holt and J. A. Brown. An Amor asteroid, it is 3.57 kilometres (2.22 mi) in size and has a highly elongated shape. It has a rotation period of 5.05 hours, spinning in a retrograde direction.

Henry E. Holt
Henry E. Holt (September 27, 1929 – May 5, 2019) was an American astronomer and prolific discoverer of minor planets and comets, who has worked as a planetary geologist at the United States Geological Survey and Northern Arizona University.
San Luis National Wildlife Refuge Complex
The San Luis National Wildlife Refuge Complex is located in the northern San Joaquin Valley, within Merced County and Stanislaus County of California.  The complex, with four federal National Wildlife Refuges, is managed by the U.S Fish & Wildlife Service.

Merced County, California
Merced County (/mɜːr.ˈsɛd/ ⓘ mur-SED; Merced, Spanish for "Mercy") is a county located in the northern San Joaquin Valley section of the Central Valley, in the U.S. state of California.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 281,202., and for the 2024 census, the population was 296,774. The county seat is Merced. The county is named after the Merced River.

Merced County comprises the Merced, California Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Modesto-Merced, California Combined Statistical Area. It is located north of Fresno County and Fresno, and southeast of Santa Clara County and San Jose.
Capillary wave
A capillary wave is a wave traveling along the phase boundary of a fluid, whose dynamics and phase velocity are dominated by the effects of surface tension.

Capillary waves are common in nature, and are often referred to as ripples.  The wavelength of capillary waves on water is typically less than a few centimeters, with a phase speed in excess of 0.2–0.3 meter/second.

A longer wavelength on a fluid interface will result in gravity–capillary waves which are influenced by both the effects of surface tension and gravity, as well as by fluid inertia. Ordinary gravity waves have a still longer wavelength.

Light breezes upon the surface of water which stir up such small ripples are also sometimes referred to as 'cat's paws'. On the open ocean, much larger ocean surface waves (seas and swells) may result from coalescence of smaller wind-caused ripple-waves.

Phase velocity
The phase velocity of a wave is the speed of any wavefront, a surface of constant phase. This is the velocity at which the phase of any constant-frequency component of the wave travels. For such a  spectral component, any given phase of the wave (for example, the crest) will appear to travel at the phase velocity. The phase velocity of light waves is not a physically meaningful quantity and is not related to information transfer.: 18