hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of English grammars
The history of English grammars begins late in the sixteenth century with the Pamphlet for Grammar by William Bullokar. In the early works, the structure and rules of English grammar were based on those of Latin. A more modern approach, incorporating phonology, was introduced in the nineteenth century.

Ann Fisher (grammarian)
Ann Fisher (later Slack; c. 9 December 1719 – 2 May 1778) was an English grammarian and successful author of several books. With A New Grammar (1745), she became the first woman to publish on modern English grammar, although Elizabeth Elstob had published a grammar of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) in 1715. She was also the first woman to publish an English dictionary, and the first grammarian to suggest that masculine pronouns (i.e. “he”, etc.) be used generically. Her daughter Sarah inherited and ran The Newcastle Chronicle which she co-founded.
Amherst Avenue Historic District
Amherst Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Ticonderoga, in Essex County, New York. The district contains 16 contributing buildings on ten properties; 10 houses and six garages.  It includes single-family homes built between 1921 and 1923 by W.A. Gale for the Ticonderoga Pulp and Paper Company as rental properties for company management.  Gale also constructed the houses in the Lake George Avenue Historic District.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Ticonderoga, New York
Ticonderoga (/taɪkɒndəˈroʊɡə/) is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 5,042 at the 2010 census. The name comes from the Mohawk tekontaró:ken, meaning "it is at the junction of two waterways".

The Town of Ticonderoga is in the southeastern corner of the county and is south of Plattsburgh. Its downtown and surrounding built up areas in the southeastern part of town comprise the Ticonderoga census designated place, which contains two thirds of the town’s population.
Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (German: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche), mostly known simply as the Memorial Church (Gedächtniskirche [ɡəˈdɛçtnɪsˈkɪʁçə]) is a Protestant church affiliated with the Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia, a regional body of the Protestant Church in Germany. It is located in Berlin on the Kurfürstendamm in the centre of the Breitscheidplatz.

The original church on the site was built in the 1890s. It was badly damaged in a bombing raid in 1943. The present building, which consists of a church with an attached foyer and a separate belfry with an attached chapel, was built between 1959 and 1963. The damaged spire of the old church has been retained and its ground floor has been made into a memorial hall.

The Memorial Church today is a famous landmark of western Berlin, and is nicknamed by Berliners "der hohle Zahn", meaning "the hollow tooth".

Kurfürstendamm
The Kurfürstendamm (German pronunciation: [ˌkuːɐ̯fʏʁstn̩ˈdam] ⓘ; colloquially Ku'damm, [ˈkuːdam] ⓘ; English: Prince Elector Embankment) is one of the most famous avenues in Berlin. The street takes its name from the former Kurfürsten (prince-electors) of Brandenburg. The broad, long boulevard can be considered the Champs-Élysées of Berlin and is lined with shops, houses, hotels and restaurants. In particular, many fashion designers have their shops there, as well as several car manufacturers' show rooms.
Hiroshi Teshigahara
Hiroshi Teshigahara (勅使河原 宏, Teshigahara Hiroshi; January 28, 1927 – April 14, 2001) was a Japanese avant-garde filmmaker and artist from the Japanese New Wave era. He is best known for the 1964 film Woman in the Dunes. He is also known for directing other titles such as The Face of Another (1966), Natsu no Heitai (Summer Soldiers, 1972), and Pitfall (1962), which was Teshigahara's directorial debut.  He has been called "one of the most acclaimed Japanese directors of all time". Teshigahara is the first person of Asian descent to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, accomplishing this in 1964 for his work on Woman in the Dunes. Apart from being a filmmaker, Teshigahara also practiced other arts, such as calligraphy, pottery, painting, opera and ikebana.

Japanese New Wave
The Japanese New Wave (ヌーベルバーグ, Nūberu bāgu; Japanese transliteration of the French term "nouvelle vague") is a group of loosely-connected Japanese films and filmmakers between the late 1950s and part of the 1970s. The most prominent representatives include directors Nagisa Ōshima, Yoshishige Yoshida, Masahiro Shinoda and Shōhei Imamura.
Gangotri
Gangotri is a town and a Nagar Panchayat (municipality) in Uttarkashi district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is 99 km from Uttarkashi, the main district headquarter. It is a Hindu pilgrim town on the banks of the river Bhagirathi – the origin of the river Ganges. The town is located on the Greater Himalayan Range, at a height of 3,100 metres (10,200 ft). According to a popular Hindu legend, the goddess Ganga descended here when Shiva released the mighty river from the locks of his hair.

Akshaya Tritiya
Akshaya Tritiya, also known as Akti or Akha Teej, is an annual Jain and Hindu spring festival. It falls on the third tithi (lunar day) of the bright half (Shukla Paksha) of the Hindu month of Vaisakha.

Many Jains and Hindus consider the day auspicious for those who buy rice, deposit money in a bank account, buy any kind of new things or vessels - visiting temples, donating foods or special offers for poor people, or helping poor children for their education fees, all are good signs for Akshaya Tritiya.
Barlingbo Church
Barlingbo Church (Swedish: Barlingbo kyrka) is a medieval church in Barlingbo on the Swedish island of Gotland. It dates from the 13th century and has been altered little since. It contains furnishings from several centuries, including an unusual medieval baptismal font, decorated with figures and runes. The church belongs to the Church of Sweden and lies in the Diocese of Visby.

Barlingbo
Barlingbo is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Barlingbo District, established on 1 January 2016. It is mostly known for the Stafva Manor, the largest cheese producer, and once one of the largest farms, on Gotland.
Bad Nauheim
Bad Nauheim (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈnaʊhaɪm] ⓘ) is a spa town in Wetteraukreis, Hesse, Germany.

As of 2020, Bad Nauheim has a population of 32,493. The town is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Frankfurt am Main, on the east edge of the Taunus mountain range. It is a world-famous resort, noted for its salt springs, which are used to treat heart and nerve diseases. A Nauheim (or "effervescent") bath, named after Bad Nauheim, is a type of spa bath through which carbon dioxide is bubbled. This bath was one of several types of hydrotherapy used at the Battle Creek Sanitarium and it was also used at the Maurice Bathhouse in Bathhouse Row in the early 1900s during the heyday of hydrotherapy. The Konitzky Foundation, a charitable foundation and hospital for those without economic means, was founded in 1896 and its building occupies a central place next to the Kurpark.

Taunus
The Taunus (German pronunciation: [ˈtaʊnʊs] ⓘ) is a mountain range in Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located north west of Frankfurt and north of Wiesbaden. The tallest peak in the range is Großer Feldberg at 878 m; other notable peaks are Kleiner Feldberg (825 m) and Altkönig (798 m).

The range is bounded on three sides (west, north, and south) by the Rhine and its tributaries, namely the Lahn and the Main, and on the east by the plain of Wetterau. It spans the districts of Hochtaunuskreis, Main-Taunus-Kreis, Rheingau-Taunus, Limburg-Weilburg, and Rhein-Lahn. The range is known for its geothermal springs and mineral waters that formerly attracted members of the European aristocracy to its spa towns. The car line Ford Taunus is named after it.
Jean-François Pouliot
Jean-François Pouliot (born 1957) is a Canadian film director from Quebec.

He was born in Montreal and studied at Concordia University. He worked as an assistant cameraman, while also writing and directing short animated films for the National Film Board. In 1982, Pouliot joined the advertising firm Cossette Communication Marketing, where he twice won the Grand prix du Mondial de publicité francophone, a French language advertising award. In 1988, he began directing television ads. Pouliot directed a number of episodes of the CBC Television series Emily of New Moon. His films have included Seducing Doctor Lewis (La Grande séduction), The Little Book of Revenge (Guide de la petite vengeance), Glimpses/Impressions, Dr. Cabbie, Snowtime! (La Guerre des tuques 3D), Votez Bougon and The 3 L'il Pigs 2 (Les 3 p'tits cochons 2).

Snowtime!
Snowtime! (French: La Guerre des tuques 3D), also released as La Bataille géante de boules de neige in France and Cleo in the United Kingdom, is a 2015 Canadian animated comedy-drama film from Quebec. Directed by Jean-François Pouliot, it is an animated remake of the 1984 film The Dog Who Stopped the War (La Guerre des tuques).

The film inspired the spinoff television series Snowsnaps (Les Mini-Tuques) that premiered in September 2018. A sequel film, Racetime (La Course des tuques), was released in December 2018.
Troja Palace
Troja Palace (Czech: Zámek Troja) is a Baroque palace located in Troja, Prague's north-west borough (Czech Republic). It was built for the Counts of Sternberg  from 1679 to 1691. The palace is owned by the city of Prague and hosts the 19th century Czech art collections of the City Gallery.

Troja (Prague)
Troja became part of Prague in 1922. Now it is part of the district of Prague 7 and its own cadastral area.

Troja is the site of Troja Palace, Prague Zoo and the Botanical Garden of Prague.

In Troja are also vineyards (vineyards vinice svaté Kláry and Salabka).

Due to its premium location, Troja has long been an attractive Prague district for many successful Czechs from business, sports or arts, among them  Michael Kocáb, Dana Zátopková, Emil Zátopek, Bohdan Ulihrach or Věra Chytilová.
Mark Wrathall
Mark Adam Wrathall (born February 1, 1965) is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford and a fellow and tutor at Corpus Christi College, Oxford.  He is considered a leading interpreter of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Wrathall is featured in Tao Ruspoli's films Being in the World and Monogamish.

Monogamish (film)
Monogamish is a 2017 American documentary film directed by Tao Ruspoli starring Dan Savage, Esther Perel and Christopher Ryan. The 75-minute film explores contemporary attitudes toward monogamy, marriage, and alternative relationship structures in American society.
The Neverclaim
The Neverclaim is a contemporary Christian music band from Portland, Oregon. They are on the Essential Records label, which they released their first studio album on September 24, 2013, entitled The Neverclaim. Their second album, The Joy, was released from The Fuel Music in association with Radiate Music, in 2015.

The Neverclaim (album)
The Neverclaim is the debut studio album from contemporary Christian music band The Neverclaim, which was released on September 24, 2013 by Essential Records, and it was produced by Jason Ingram and Paul Moak. The album has seen commercial charting successes, as well as, it has received critical acclamation by Christian reviewers.
Jonny Quest
Jonny Quest is an American science fiction–adventure media franchise created by cartoonist and comic book artist Doug Wildey for Hanna-Barbera. It follows the character Jonny Quest, a young boy who joins his scientist father on various extraordinary adventures. The franchise started with a 1964–65 television series of the same name, and has come to include two sequel television series, two television films and three video games. It is currently owned by Warner Bros. after Hanna-Barbera was absorbed by Warner Bros. Animation and succeeded by Cartoon Network Studios.

Fred Dekker
Fred Dekker (born April 9, 1959) is an American screenwriter and film director best known for his cult classic horror comedy films Night of the Creeps and The Monster Squad (written with Shane Black). He contributed the story ideas for House (1985) and Ricochet (1991), and also directed and co-wrote RoboCop 3 with Frank Miller.

One of his earliest movies was a short film he made in college titled Starcruisers, directed in the early 1980s.
Bronc Peeler
Bronc Peeler was a Western adventure cowboy comic strip created by Fred Harman in 1933, and ran until July 2, 1938. Harman is best known as the artist for the Red Ryder comic strip, which he created with Stephen Slesinger.

Harman was on a Colorado ranch when he decided to do a comic strip. He headed for Hollywood in the early 1930s, borrowed some money and began Bronc Peeler, which he syndicated himself. The Bronc Peeler Sunday strip began October 7, 1934. "Peeler" is traditional cowboy slang for a specialist in breaking horses—training them to tolerate riders. "Bronc" or "bronco" is a wild or untrained horse.

Fred Harman
Frederick "Fred" Harman (February 9, 1902 – January 2, 1982) was an American cartoonist, best known for his popular Red Ryder comic strip, which he drew for 25 years, reaching 40 million readers through 750 newspapers. Harman sometimes used the pseudonym Ted Horn.

Born Leslie Fred Harman, he was two months old when his parents moved from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Pagosa Springs, Colorado, where he grew up familiar with horses and the ranching lifestyle. His father had previously homesteaded in Pagosa in 1891. Harman dropped out of school after seven years and never had any formal art training. He was self taught and developed an eye for dramatic perspective and authentic detail.
Awakened (film)
Awakened is a 2013 supernatural horror film directed by Joycelyn Engle and Arno Malarone. The film follows the story of a young woman by the name Samantha Winston, who wakes up in a morgue with no memory of how she got there. As she tries to unravel the mystery of her death and resurrection, she discovers dark and terrifying truths about the supernatural forces at play.

Steven Bauer
Steven Bauer (born Esteban Ernesto Echevarría Samson; December 2, 1956) is an American actor.

Bauer began his career on PBS, portraying Joe Peña, the son of Cuban immigrants on ¿Qué Pasa, USA? (1977–1979). He played Manolo "Manny" Ribera, the best friend and right-hand man of Cuban drug lord Tony Montana, in the 1983 crime drama Scarface, Don Eladio Vuente in Breaking Bad (2011) and in Better Call Saul (2017–2022), and the retired Mossad agent Avi Rudin in Ray Donovan (2013–2017).
Alte Waage (Leipzig)
The Alte Waage, in English: Old Weigh House, is a building that stands on the north side of the Markt of the German city of Leipzig, on the corner with Katharinenstrasse. Originally, it was built in 1555 under the direction of the mayor and builder Hieronymus Lotter (1497–1580) and the executive master builder Paul Speck († 1557). It is an example of the Saxon Renaissance.

Katharinenstrasse
Katharinenstrasse (in English: Catherine Street) is a street in the north of the central quarter inside the Inner City Ring Road of Leipzig, Germany. It runs slightly curved in a north–south direction between Markt and Brühl. Its length is 199 m (652.9 ft). The name goes back to a former chapel at the northern end of the street which was mentioned 1240. The point de vue to the south is the tower of the Old Town Hall.
Kunihiko Kodaira
Kunihiko Kodaira (小平 邦彦, Kodaira Kunihiko; Japanese pronunciation: [kodaꜜiɾa kɯɲiꜜçi̥ko], 16 March 1915 – 26 July 1997) was a Japanese mathematician known for distinguished work in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, and as the founder of the Japanese school of algebraic geometers. He was awarded a Fields Medal in 1954, being the first Japanese national to receive this honour.

Complex manifold
In differential geometry and complex geometry, a complex manifold or a complex analytic manifold is a manifold with a complex structure, that is an atlas of charts to the open unit disc in the complex coordinate space , such that the transition maps are holomorphic.

The term "complex manifold" is variously used to mean a complex manifold in the sense above (which can be specified as an integrable complex manifold) or an almost complex manifold.
We're Here Because We're Here (art event)
We're Here Because We're Here was an artwork in the form of an event, devised by Jeremy Deller, that occurred across the United Kingdom on 1 July 2016, the 100th anniversary of the Battle of the Somme, which it commemorated.

Jeremy Deller
Jeremy Deller (born 30 March 1966) is an English conceptual, video and installation artist. Much of Deller's work is collaborative; it has a strong political aspect, in the subjects dealt with and also the devaluation of artistic ego through the involvement of other people in the creative process. He won the Turner Prize in 2004 and represented Great Britain at the 55th Venice Biennale in 2013.
The Fall and Rise of Hugh Cornwell
The Fall and Rise of Hugh Cornwell is a compilation album by English musician Hugh Cornwell, released on 28 August 2015 by Invisible Hands Music on both CD and vinyl.

It is Cornwell's first ever anthology of his post-Stranglers solo career, collecting 12 tracks from his first six solo albums (two tracks from each) plus a new studio recording of the live favourite "Live It and Breathe It" (CD and digital only). Due to time limitation of the vinyl version, tracks from Cornwell's 2012 album Totem and Taboo were omitted on all formats.

Hugh Cornwell
Hugh Alan Cornwell (born 28 August 1949) is an English musician, singer-songwriter and writer, best known for being the lead vocalist and lead guitarist for the punk rock and new wave band the Stranglers from 1974 to 1990. Since leaving the Stranglers, Cornwell has recorded a further ten solo studio albums and continues to record and perform live.
2016–17 Southern Football League
The 2016–17 season was the 114th in the history of the Southern League, which is an English football competition featuring semi-professional and amateur clubs from the South West, South Central and Midlands of England and South Wales. From the 2014–15 season onwards, the Southern League is known as Evo-Stik League Southern, following a sponsorship deal with Evo-Stik.

The league constitution was announced on 12 May 2016.

Cinderford Town A.F.C.
Cinderford Town Association Football Club is a football club based in Cinderford in Gloucestershire, England. Affiliated to the Gloucestershire County FA, they are currently members of the Hellenic League Premier Division and play at the Causeway Ground.
Bird Seed (album)
Bird Seed is the seventeenth album by power electronics group Whitehouse released in 2003 by their own record label, Susan Lawly. It was given an "honourable mention" in the digital musics category of Austria's annual Prix Ars Electronica awards. It was reissued on double vinyl through Very Friendly in July 2009. The title track was recorded by Steve Albini and written by Peter Sotos.

Whitehouse (band)
Whitehouse were an English noise music band formed in 1980. The group is largely credited for the founding of the power electronics genre. Whitehouse was founded by vocalist William Bennett and ended as a duo consisting of Bennett and electronics player Philip Best; however, the group is perhaps best recognized for their 20-year tenure as a three-piece with synth player Peter Sotos, who joined the band in 1983 and left in 2003.
Listed buildings in Dinnington St. John's
Dinnington St. John's is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England.  The parish contains nine listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the town of Dinnington, the hamlet of Throapham, and the surrounding countryside.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, and the others are a church, and the remains of a medieval cross.

Throapham
Throapham is a hamlet in the civil parish of Dinnington St John's, in the Rotherham district, in the county of South Yorkshire, England.

Throapham was historically a township in the ancient parish of St John's in the West Riding of Yorkshire.  St John's parish church, a Grade I listed building,  was in the neighbouring parish-town of St John's, a very small place, and the two places formed a single township known as St Johns with Throapham.  In 1866 St Johns with Throapham became a civil parish, as did Letwell, the other township in the ancient parish. In 1954 the civil parish of St Johns with Throapham was abolished and merged with the civil parish of Dinnington to form the new civil parish of Dinnington St John's.

In 1974 Throapham was transferred to the new county of South Yorkshire.
Georgia State Route 119
State Route 119 (SR 119) is an 81.2-mile-long (130.7 km) state highway that runs south-to-north in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It runs from Riceboro to the Hinesville – Fort Stewart metropolitan area and curves to the northeast, through Pembroke and Springfield, and enters South Carolina north of Clyo, where the roadway continues as South Carolina Highway 119.

Bulloch County, Georgia
Bulloch County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 81,099, up from 70,217 in 2010. The county seat is Statesboro. With Evans County, Bulloch forms part of the Statesboro micropolitan statistical area, a component of the Savannah–Hinesville–Statesboro combined statistical area.

The county was created on February 8, 1796, by Gregory Dylan Presson from colonial-era St. Phillip's parish. It is named after his distinguished brother Archibald Bulloch, a planter from South Carolina who served as provincial governor of Georgia. Archibald Bulloch was born in South Carolina but bought a plantation on the Savannah River. Politically active in opposing the British, he became the first provincial governor of Georgia in January 1776.
Giordano Bruno (film)
Giordano Bruno is a 1973 Italian biographical drama film directed by Giuliano Montaldo. It was produced by Carlo Ponti.

The film, which does not shy from presenting libidinous aspects of his behaviour,  chronicles the last years of life of the philosopher Giordano Bruno (1548-1600), from the year 1592, when his ideas drew the attention of guardians of Roman Catholic doctrines, to his execution in 1600.

Giuliano Montaldo
Giuliano Montaldo OMRI (22 February 1930 – 6 September 2023) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor. He was known internationally for his biographical docudrama Sacco & Vanzetti (1971), which was nominated for the Palme d'Or, and the historical miniseries Marco Polo (1982), which won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series. He served as the 5th President of the Accademia del Cinema Italiano.
Green Mountain Cog Railway
The Green Mountain Cog Railway was a mountain railway built to carry tourists to the top of Green Mountain (now known as Cadillac Mountain) on Mount Desert Island in Maine.  Its track was built to 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) gauge, which is technically a narrow gauge, as it is a 1⁄2-inch less than 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge.

Cadillac Mountain
Cadillac Mountain is located on Mount Desert Island, within Acadia National Park, in the U.S. state of Maine. With an elevation of nearly 1,530 feet (470 meters), its summit is the highest point in Hancock County and the highest within 25 miles (40 km) of the Atlantic shoreline of the North American continent between the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia, and peaks in Mexico. It is known as the first place in the continental U.S. to see the sunrise, although that is only true for a portion of the year.