hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Snawsell
William Snawsell (or Snawsall, Snawshill, Snowsell, or Snawschill, 1415–1493/94) was a goldsmith and Mayor of York, who represented York in the 1470–71 Parliament. Little is known of his early life or career, except for a brush with the law during a major local feud, but he is known to have become a wealthy man. As well as holding several important civic offices, he is known to have met Richard, Duke of Gloucester both before and after the latter's accession to the throne as Richard III.

Snawsell appears to have experienced some degree of domestic strife early in the 1440s, with several members of his staff—and his wife—all being summonsed to the ecclesiastical court to answer charges of adultery, although not with him. In spite of this, he is known to have had three children with his wife. His house, which he rented from the York Minster, was re-imagined in the late 1980s and reconstructed as it is thought to have looked in 1483.

Percy–Neville feud
The Percy–Neville feud was a series of skirmishes, raids, and vandalism between two prominent northern English families, the House of Percy and the House of Neville, and their followers, that helped provoke the Wars of the Roses. The original reason for the long dispute is unknown, and the first outbreaks of violence were in the 1450s, prior to the Wars of the Roses. The antagonists would later meet in battle several times during the feud.
2025 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game
The 2025 NCAA Division II Football Championship Game was a college football game played on December 20, 2025, at McKinney ISD Stadium in McKinney, Texas. The game determined the national champion of NCAA Division II for the 2025 season. The game was scheduled to begin at 3:00 p.m. CST and aired on ESPN2 and ESPN+.

The game featured the two finalists of the 32-team playoff bracket, which began on November 22, 2025. The top-seed Ferris State Bulldogs from the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) defeated the two-seed Harding Bisons from the Great American Conference (GAC), 42–21. The win gave the Ferris State football program its fourth national championship.

2025 NCAA Division II football season
The 2025 NCAA Division II football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level, began on August 28 and ended on December 20 with the Division II championship at the McKinney Independent School District Stadium in McKinney, Texas.
Tuba (chief)
Tuba (also Tuvi or Toova; c. 1810–1887) was a Hopi leader in the late 19th century. Tuba was the headman of the small Hopi village of Moencopi, roughly fifty miles west of the main villages on the Hopi mesas.  However, he apparently was an important person in the village of Oraibi as well. Eventually, Tuba joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and later received his endowment in the St. George Temple. Tuba City, Arizona, was  named in his honor.

Oraibi, Arizona
Oraibi, also referred to as Old Oraibi, is a Hopi village in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, in the northeastern part of the state.  Known as Orayvi by the native inhabitants, it is on Third Mesa on the Hopi Reservation near Kykotsmovi Village.
Nancy Lange
Nancy Ann Lange Kuczynski (born January 20, 1954) is an American investment and marketing professional and Peruvian resident. She served as the First Lady of Peru from 2016 to 2018 as the wife of President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski.

First Ladies and Gentlemen of Peru
The first lady or gentleman of Peru (Spanish: primera dama o primer caballero del Perú) is the title held by the spouse or designated female family member of the president of Peru. The role usually fulfills functions of social work and accompanying the president. There have been a number of first ladies that have been foreign to Peru.
Otaru Ankake Yakisoba
Otaru Ankake Yakisoba is a variety of "Ankake Yakisoba" (stir-fried noodles with a starchy sauce) sold at many restaurants in Otaru, Hokkaido. The dish became prevalent within Otaru from the third decade of the Showa Period (1955–1964) and by the Heisei Period (1989–) was beloved by the people of Otaru. From the 2010s, in order to promote Otaru and combat the city's population decrease, a citizen's group made efforts to popularize the dish and it became known as a local delicacy.

Heisei era
The Heisei era (平成; Japanese: [heːseː] ⓘ) was the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Akihito from 8 January 1989 until his abdication on 30 April 2019. The Heisei era started on 8 January 1989, the day after the death of the Emperor Hirohito, when his son, Akihito, acceded to the throne as the 125th emperor of Japan. In accordance with Japanese customs, Hirohito was posthumously renamed "Emperor Shōwa" on 31 January 1989.

Thus, 1989 corresponds to Shōwa 64 up until 7 January and Heisei 1 (平成元年, Heisei gannen; gannen means "first year") from 8 January. The Heisei era ended on 30 April 2019 (Heisei 31), with the abdication of Akihito from the Chrysanthemum Throne. It was succeeded by the Reiwa era as then-crown prince Naruhito ascended the throne on 1 May midnight local time.
55 Cancri
55 Cancri is a binary star system located 41 light-years away from the Sun in the zodiac constellation of Cancer. It has the Bayer designation Rho1 Cancri (ρ1 Cancri); 55 Cancri is the Flamsteed designation (abbreviated 55 Cnc). The system consists of a K-type star (designated 55 Cancri A, also named Copernicus /koʊˈpɜːrnɪkəs/) and a smaller red dwarf (55 Cancri B).

As of 2025, four extrasolar planets, designated 55 Cancri Ab, Ac, Ae and Af,  named Galileo, Brahe, Janssen, and Harriot, respectively, and two planet candidates 55 Cancri Ad (named Lipperhey) and 55 Cancri Ag are known to orbit 55 Cancri A; alongside two extrasolar planets, designated Bb and Bc, which are known to orbit 55 Cancri B.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Shinui
Shinui (Hebrew: שִׁינּוּי, lit. 'Change') was a Zionist, secular, and anti-clerical free market liberal party and political movement in Israel. The party twice became the third-largest in the Knesset, but both occasions were followed by a split and collapse; in 1977, the party won 15 seats as part of the Democratic Movement for Change, but the alliance split in 1978, and Shinui was reduced to two seats at the next elections. In 2003, the party won 15 seats alone, but lost them all three years later after most of its MKs left to form new parties. The party was a member of Liberal International until 2009.

Though it had been the standard-bearer of economic liberalism and secularism in Israel for 30 years, the formation of Kadima robbed Shinui of its natural constituency, and in January 2006 the party split into small factions, none of which managed to overcome the 2% threshold needed to enter the Knesset.

1981 Israeli legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Israel on 30 June 1981 to elect the 120 members of the Knesset. The ruling Likud won one more seat than the opposition Alignment, in line with many polls which had predicted a tight race. Voter turnout was 78.5%, with Likud receiving around ten thousand more than the Alignment. This elections highlighted the polarization in the country.
English Embankment
59°56′03″N 30°17′36″E﻿ / ﻿59.9341°N 30.2932°E﻿ / 59.9341; 30.2932

The English Embankment (Russian: Англи́йская на́бережная; Angliyskaya Naberezhnaya) or English Quay is a street along the left bank of the Bolshaya Neva River in Central Saint Petersburg. It has been historically one of the most fashionable streets in Saint Petersburg, and in the 19th century was called by the French term, Promenade des Anglais. It was from the English Embankment that at 2 am on October 25, 1917, the gunshot from the Aurora sent the signal to storm the Winter Palace during the Russian Revolution.

The English Embankment runs perpendicular to the south end of the Annunciation Bridge and spans between the Novo-Admiralteysky Canal and the Decembrists Square, where it becomes the Admiralty Embankment.

Russian cruiser Aurora
Aurora (Russian: Авро́ра, romanized: Avrora, IPA: [ɐˈvrorə]) is a Russian protected cruiser, currently preserved as a museum ship in Saint Petersburg. Aurora was one of three Pallada-class cruisers, built in Saint Petersburg for service in the Pacific Ocean. All three ships of this class served during the Russo-Japanese War. Aurora survived the Battle of Tsushima and was interned under US protection in the Philippines, and eventually returned to the Baltic Fleet. Aurora is most famous for her actions during the October Revolution, where she reportedly fired the shot that signaled the beginning of the attack on the Winter Palace.
1990 Western Australian Labor Party leadership spill
A leadership spill of the Western Australian Labor Party occurred on 12 February 1990. It resulted in the replacement of premier and party leader Peter Dowding with Carmen Lawrence, making her the first female state premier in Australia. It also resulted in the replacement of deputy premier and deputy party leader David Parker with Ian Taylor. The leadership spill occurred as a result of the government's increasing unpopularity as a result of the WA Inc scandal.

Western Australian Labor Party
The Western Australian Labor Party, officially known as WA Labor, is the Western Australian branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is the current governing party of Western Australia since winning the 2017 state election under Mark McGowan.
Timothy Bligh
Sir Timothy James Bligh, KBE, DSO, DSC* (2 September 1918 – 12 March 1969) was a British Royal Navy officer, civil servant and business executive, who served as Principal Private Secretary to two successive prime ministers; Harold Macmillan and Alec Douglas-Home.

Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is a senior official in the civil service of the United Kingdom. As a principal private secretary, they are traditionally responsible for running the prime minister's private office in 10 Downing Street. In the Civil Service, the role is currently graded as director general.

The current principal private secretary is Dan York-Smith.
Newfane, New York
Newfane is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 9,666 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Newfane  is in the north-central part of the county, north of the City of Lockport.

Lockport, New York
Lockport is both a city and the town that surrounds it in Niagara County, New York, United States. The city is the Niagara county seat; as of the 2020 census, Lockport had a population of 20,876.

Its name derives from a set of Erie Canal locks (Lock Numbers 34 and 35) within the city that were built to allow canal barges to traverse the 60-foot  natural drop (18 m) of the Niagara Escarpment. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area.
Miss Earth USA 2019
Miss Earth USA 2019 was the 15th Miss Earth USA pageant, held at the South Point Hotel, Casino & Spa in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on June 30, 2019.

Yashvi Aware of Maryland (representing Midatlantic) crowned her successor Emanii Davis as Miss Earth United States 2019. Davis represented the USA at Miss Earth 2019 and placed first runner-up, earning the title of Miss Earth Air 2019.

Pageant protocol forces Davis to "resign" her Miss Earth USA title in order to fulfill the international duties of the elemental title. In this case, the first runner-up Libby Hill, who competed as Miss Earth Gulf Coast USA 2019, inherited the title of Miss Earth USA 2019.

Miss Earth 2018, Nguyễn Phương Khánh of Vietnam and Miss Earth Fire 2018, Melissa Flores of Mexico were guests of honor at the pageant.

It was the first year the pageant was held under its new name, Miss Earth USA.

Miss Earth 2019
Miss Earth 2019 was the 19th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Okada Manila in Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines, on October 26, 2019.

Nguyễn Phương Khánh of Vietnam crowned Nellys Pimentel of Puerto Rico as her successor at the end of the event. This marks the first time Puerto Rico has won Miss Earth, becoming the first territory to win at least once in all of the Big Four beauty pageants.

In the same event, other elemental winners were also crowned: Emanii Davis of the United States won Miss Earth – Air, Klára Vavrušková of the Czech Republic as Miss Earth – Water, and Alisa Manyonok of Belarus as Miss Earth – Fire.
Sira Subah
The Subah of Sira (Persian: صوبه سِرا), also known  as Carnatic-Balaghat, was a subah (imperial first-level province) of the Mughal Empire in South India that was established in 1687 by conquering emperor Aurangzeb (like Bijapur in 1686 and Golkonda in 1687) and lasted until 1757. The province, which comprised the Carnatic region south of the Tungabhadra River, had its  capital in the town of Sira. It was composed of seven parganas (districts): Basavapatna, Budihal, Sira, Penukonda, Dod-Ballapur, Hoskote and Kolar; in addition, Harpanahalli, Kondarpi, Anegundi, Bednur, Chitaldroog and Mysore were considered by the Mughals to be tributary states of the province.

Doddaballapura
Doddaballapura is a city and the district headquarters of Bengaluru North district in the state of Karnataka, India. Dodda means "big" in the native language Kannada. It is an industrial city which houses several national companies, and lies 40 km away from Bangalore.

The place is mentioned as Ballalapura thanda in a record dated 1598 from the local Adinarayana temple. It might have originated from the Hoysala name Ballala, and later become corrupted as Ballapura. It is also believed that the village derived its name from a cow used to drop one 'balla' of milk over a certain anthill and this omen led to the foundation of the town. From 'balla' the name Ballapura was thus derived.
Neo4j
Neo4j is a graph database management system (GDBMS) developed by Neo4j Inc.

The data elements Neo4j stores are nodes, edges connecting them and attributes of nodes and edges. Described by its developers as an ACID-compliant transactional database with native graph storage and processing, Neo4j is available in a non-open-source "community edition" licensed with a modification of the GNU General Public License, with online backup and high availability extensions licensed under a closed-source commercial license. Neo also licenses Neo4j with these extensions under closed-source commercial terms.

Neo4j is implemented in Java and accessible from software written in other languages using the Cypher query language through a transactional HTTP endpoint, or through the binary "Bolt" protocol. The "4j" in Neo4j is a reference to its being built in Java, however is now largely viewed as an anachronism.

Source-available software
Source-available software is software released through a source code distribution model that includes arrangements where the source can be viewed, and in some cases modified, but without necessarily meeting the criteria to be called open-source. The licenses associated with the offerings range from allowing code to be viewed for reference to allowing code to be modified and redistributed for both commercial and non-commercial purposes.

Some source-available software licenses, classified as noncompete licenses, are closed-source software licenses that have been created by modifying an open-source software license to include a restriction that prohibits using the licensed software to compete with the developer. These anti-competitive restrictions create a vendor lock-in effect by steering users toward establishing a separate agreement with the developer for commercial use of the software.
CS-BLAST
CS-BLAST


 
(Context-Specific BLAST) is a tool that searches a protein sequence that extends BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), using context-specific mutation probabilities. More specifically, CS-BLAST derives context-specific amino-acid similarities on each query sequence from short windows on the query sequences. Using CS-BLAST doubles sensitivity and significantly improves alignment quality without a loss of speed in comparison to BLAST. CSI-BLAST (Context-Specific Iterated BLAST) is the context-specific analog of PSI-BLAST (Position-Specific Iterated BLAST), which computes the mutation profile with substitution probabilities and mixes it with the query profile. CSI-BLAST (Context-Specific Iterated BLAST) is the context specific analog of PSI-BLAST (Position-Specific Iterated BLAST). Both of these programs are available as web-server and are available for free download.

BLAST (biotechnology)
In bioinformatics, BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) is an algorithm and program for comparing primary biological sequence information, such as the amino-acid sequences of proteins , nucleotides of DNA and/or RNA sequences. A BLAST search enables a researcher to compare a subject protein or nucleotide sequence (called a query) with a library or database of sequences, and identify database sequences that resemble the query sequence above a certain threshold. For example, following the discovery of a previously unknown gene in the mouse, a scientist will typically perform a BLAST search of the human genome to see if humans carry a similar gene; BLAST will identify sequences in the human genome that resemble the mouse gene based on similarity of sequence.
Drastamat Kanayan
Drastamat Kanayan (Armenian: Դրաստամատ Կանայեան; 31 May 1884 –  8 March 1956), better known as Dro (Դրո), was an Armenian military commander and politician. He was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. He briefly served as Defence Minister of the First Republic of Armenia in 1920, during the country's brief independence. During World War II, he led the Armenian Legion, which consisted of Armenian POWs who opted to fight for Nazi Germany rather than face the brutal conditions of the Nazis' camps.

Minister of Defence (Armenia)
The defence minister of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության նախարար, romanized: Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan pashtpanut’yan nakharar) is the head of the country's Ministry of Defence, who is charged with the political leadership of the Armed Forces of Armenia. The position was originally created in 1918 and was re-established in January 1992 following Armenia's independence from the USSR, and is currently headed by Suren Papikyan. From 1993 to 1995, there was a concurrent position called the state minister for defence held by Vazgen Sargsyan.
Ukrainian Riding Horse
The Ukrainian Riding Horse (Ukrainian: украї́нський верхови́й кінь) or Ukrainian Saddle Horse is a modern Ukrainian breed of warmblood sport horse. Breeding began in the years after the Second World War at the stud farm of Dnipropetrovsk in central Ukraine – at that time in the USSR – and later expanded to three other state stud farms. It derives from cross-breeding of Hanoverian, Thoroughbred and Trakehner stallions with local mares or with Hungarian Furioso, Gidran Arab or Nonius mares. It incorporates the last bloodlines of the extinct Orlov-Rostopchin or Russian Saddle Horse.: 115  It was bred to compete in show jumping, three-day eventing and dressage, but is also suitable as a general riding horse.: 250

Trakehner
Trakehner (/trəˈkeɪnər/) is a warmblood breed of horse, originally developed at the East Prussian state stud farm in the town of Trakehnen from which the breed takes its name.  The  state stud was established in 1731 and operated until 1944, when the fighting of World War II led to the annexing of East Prussia by Russia, and the town containing the stud renamed as Yasnaya Polyana.

The Trakehner typically stands between 15.2 and 17 hands (62 and 68 inches, 157 and 173 cm). They can be any color, with bay, gray, chestnut and black being the most common, though the breed also includes few roan and tobiano pinto horses. It is considered to be the lightest and most refined of the warmbloods, due to its closed stud book which allows entry of only Trakehner, as well as few selected Thoroughbred, Anglo-Arabian, Shagya and Arabian bloodlines.
Nicaraguan Olympic Committee
The Nicaraguan Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Nicaragüense) (IOC Code: NCA) is the National Olympic Committee representing Nicaragua at the Olympics. It is also the body responsible for Nicaragua representation at the Olympic Games.

Nicaragua at the Olympics
Nicaragua first participated at the Olympic Games in 1968, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except the 1988 Games which they did not attend due to "athletic and financial considerations." Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega had previously asserted that Nicaragua would boycott the 1988 Games in support of North Korea.

The nation has never participated in the Winter Olympic Games.

To date, no athletes from Nicaragua have won an Olympic medal, although the baseball team finished in fourth place at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Nicaragua was created in 1959 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year.
K Pop (Playboi Carti song)
"K Pop" (stylized in all caps, also known as "Ketamine") is a song by American rapper Playboi Carti. It was originally released as a promotional single exclusively through Instagram on March 13, 2024, before being officially released through AWGE and Interscope Records as the third track from Carti's third studio album, Music, on March 14, 2025. The song was written by Playboi Carti, alongside producers Ojivolta, Cardo and Jarrod "Twisco" Morgan.

Cardo (music producer)
Ronald Nathan LaTour Jr. (born September 24, 1984), professionally known as Cardo Got Wings or simply Cardo, is an American record producer and rapper. He's known for his works with Playboi Carti, Kendrick Lamar, and Wiz Khalifa, among others. He also produced God's Plan by Drake, as well as Goosebumps by Travis Scott and Kendrick Lamar.
Kolkata–Jogbani Express
The Kolkata–Jogbani Express is an Express train belonging to Eastern Railway zone that runs between Kolkata and Jogbani in India via Barddhaman, Rampurhat, Katihar. It is currently being operated with 13159/13160 train numbers on thrice in a week basis.

Katihar Junction railway station
Katihar Junction railway station serves Katihar city in Katihar district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is an A1 Category railway station of Katihar Division. The Katihar Junction railway station is connected to most of the major cities in India by the railway network. It is amongst the top 100 booking stations of Indian Railways.

Katihar lies in between Barauni–Katihar section of Barauni–Guwahati lineKatihar–Siliguri line which serves the city with numerous trains to Guwahati, Kolkata, Delhi, Muzaffarpur, Patna, Gorakhpur, Lucknow and with many other cities. It is ISO certified ISO 14001:2015 for its clean and green environment throughout the station premises.