hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aulay MacAulay of Ardincaple
Sir Aulay MacAulay of Ardincaple (died 1617) was a Scottish laird, knight, clan chief, and a shire commissioner. He was the son and heir of Walter MacAulay Ardincaple, who was the laird of Ardincaple and chief of Clan MacAulay. The MacAulay estate of Ardincaple was situated in the location of the modern village of Rhu and Helensburgh, which both lie on the eastern shore of the Gare Loch, in Argyll and Bute. As chief of his clan, he entered into a contract with the chief of the MacGregors, pledging service and assistance to their chief. His clan feuded with the Buchanans, and his marriage to the widow of a deceased Galbraith chief brought forth feuding with that clan. He also feuded with the Campbells, particularly the Captain of Carrick. The Campbells made several attempts on his life and he was wounded one such encounter. Towards the end of his life he was knighted for his services. On his death he was succeeded by his first cousin.

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
Addiscot Beach
Addiscot Beach, also known as Addis Beach or Point Addis Beach is an unpatrolled beach located near Bells Beach, Victoria, Australia. The beach is a popular tourist stop along the Great Ocean Road, and sees many swimmers and surfers in the summer months. The beach is also notable for its dominating cliffs, reaching as high as 80 metres, and geology.

Great Ocean Road
The Great Ocean Road is an Australian National Heritage-listed 240-kilometre (150 mi) stretch of road along the south-eastern coast of Australia, between the Victorian towns of Torquay and Allansford. Built by returned soldiers between 1919 and 1932, and dedicated to soldiers killed during World War I, the road is the world's largest war memorial. Winding through varying terrain along the coast, and providing access to several prominent landmarks, including the Twelve Apostles limestone stack formations, the road is an important tourist attraction.

The city of Geelong, close to Torquay, experiences great benefit from Australian and international visitors to the road, with Geelong Otway Tourism affirming it as an invaluable asset. In 2008, the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV) listed the road as the state's top tourism experience in its Victoria 101 survey, based on places that members of the public would recommend to visitors.
Ion Negulescu
Ion Negulescu (b. April 1, 1887, Turnu Măgurele – April 1, 1949, Jilava Prison) was a Romanian general, who served as Minister of War in the government of Nicolae Rădescu from December 6, 1944 to February 28, 1945).

Nicolae Rădescu
Nicolae Rădescu (Romanian pronunciation: [nikoˈla.e rəˈdesku]; 30 March 1874 – 16 May 1953) was a Romanian army officer and political figure. He was the last pre-communist rule Prime Minister of Romania, serving from 7 December 1944 to 1 March 1945.
Jane Francis
Professor Dame Jane Elizabeth Francis, DCMG FRS (born October 1956) is a British paleoclimatologist who is the Director of the British Antarctic Survey. She previously worked as Professor of Palaeoclimatology at the University of Leeds where she also was Dean of the Faculty of Environment. In 2002 she was the fourth woman to receive the Polar Medal for outstanding contribution to British polar research. She is currently the Chancellor of the University of Leeds.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
2015 YA
2015 YA is a sub-kilometer asteroid, classified as near-Earth object of the Aten group, that is a temporary horseshoe companion to the Earth. It is the 11th known Earth horseshoe librator. Prior to a close encounter with the Earth on 15 December 2015, 2015 YA was an Apollo asteroid.

Aten asteroid
The Aten asteroids are a dynamical group of asteroids whose orbits bring them into proximity with Earth. By definition, Atens are Earth-crossing asteroids (a < 1.0 AU and Q > 0.983 AU). The group is named after 2062 Aten, the first of its kind, discovered on 7 January 1976 by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory. As of January 2025, 2,966 Atens have been discovered, of which 271 are numbered, 14 are named, and 197 are classified as potentially hazardous asteroids.
Global Expeditions Group
Global Expeditions Group, or GXG, is the parent company of the Sea|mester, ActionQuest, and GoBeyond Student Travel brands. The company's origins began in 1985 with ActionQuest some years after its founder Jim Stoll left the Flint School. Over the course of the next 40 years ActionQuest expanded into several other brands including ARC, Sirius Sailing, Lifeworks International, and Sea|mester. In 2012 Global Expeditions Group was formed to organize all of the brands that had grown out of ActionQuest under one parent company.

GoBeyond Student Travel
GoBeyond Student Travel is an organization which offers community service based adventure programs during the Northern Hemisphere summertime to teenagers.  Programs are run in the British Virgin Islands, Ecuador and the Galapagos, Thailand, China, Costa Rica, India, Peru and Australia.
Raliang Assembly constituency
Raliang is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya state in India. It is part of West Jaintia Hills district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. It falls under Shillong Lok Sabha constituency and its current MLA is Comingone Ymbon of National People's Party.

West Jaintia Hills district
West Jaintia Hills district (Pron: ˈʤeɪnˌtɪə) is an administrative District in the state of Meghalaya in India. The united district (Jaintia Hills District) was created on 22 February 1972 and occupied an area of 3819 km2. It had a population of 272,185 (as of 2011). The district is part of the Meghalaya subtropical forests eco-region. With the bifurcation of the erstwhile Jaintia Hills District into East and West Jaintia Hills Districts, West Jaintia Hills District came into existence on 31 July 2012 with its headquarters at Jowai. Jowai is the host of all the heads of important governmental offices and establishments, educational institutions, hospitals, banking institutions, etc.
Pseudopfiesteria shumwayae
Pseudopfiesteria shumwayae (formerly placed in the genus Pfiesteria; see 'Taxonomy' section below) is a species of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the genus Pseudopfiesteria. It was first characterized in North Carolina in 2000. It can acquire the ability for photosynthesis through eating green algae and retaining their chloroplasts. It can also turn predatory and toxic. Strains of Pseudopfiesteria shumwayae have been implicated in fish kills around the US east coast. Pseudopfiesteria shumwayae has been described as having a less complex life cycle than Pfiesteria piscicida.

Pfiesteria piscicida
Pfiesteria piscicida is a dinoflagellate species of the genus Pfiesteria that some researchers claim was responsible for many harmful algal blooms in the 1980s and 1990s on the coast of North Carolina and Maryland. North Carolinian media in the 1990s referred to the organism as the cell from hell. It is known to populate estuaries.
Piscicida means "fish-killer".
Automatic layout
Automatic layout is an option in graph drawing toolkits that allow to lay out the Graph according to specific rules, such as:

reducing the length of the arcs between the Graph vertices

reduce the number of edges crossing (to improve the graph readability)

Graph drawing
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional (or, sometimes, three-dimensional) depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.

A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph.  In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges.  In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map.
Afraflacilla arabica
Afraflacilla arabica is a species of jumping spider in the genus Afraflacilla that lives in Afghanistan, Iran and Yemen. The spider was first described in 1994 by Wanda Wesołowska and Antonius van Harten. The spider is small to medium-sized, with an elongated brown carapace that is between 1.7 and 1.85 long and an oval greyish-brown abdomen between 2.25 and 3.0 mm long. The female and male are similar externally, differing mainly in the male's larger and thicker brown front legs that mount stridulatory apparatus. The remainder of the legs are smaller and yellow. The female is also slightly lighter. The spiders have distinctive copulatory organs. The male has a long embolus extending around the palpal bulb. The female has wide insemination ducts, small spermathecae and large accessory glands.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
The Lowdown (British TV series)
The Lowdown is a documentary series for young people first broadcast on Children's BBC on 17 May 1988. Reminiscent of World in Action and Panorama it was produced by Landseer Productions, and broadcast after Newsround (and similar to Newsround Extra) until 12 May 1998.

One episode of the documentary (filmed in Page Moss, Liverpool in 1992) looked at an educational programme called "Child to Child" and how it was being used to combat problems with solvent abuse that were prevalent in the area at the time.

Newsround
Newsround (stylised as newsround) is a BBC children's news programme, which has run continuously since 4 April 1972. Originally John Craven's Newsround, it was one of the world's first television news magazines aimed specifically at children. Initially commissioned as a short series by BBC Children's Department, who held editorial control, its facilities were provided by BBC News. Broadcast on CBBC, the programme is aimed at 5 to 15-year-olds.
Andrew Humpherson
Andrew Humpherson (born 15 August 1960) is a former Australian politician, elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Davidson from 1992–2007. He has since pursued a career in public affairs overseeing the Government and Public Affairs Division of Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation and  as Chief of Staff to the Energy and Resources Minister, Chris Hartcher from 2011 to 2014. He is currently a Director of Barton Deakin, a Liberal-aligned lobbying firm founded by his former parliamentary colleague, Peter Collins.

Peter Collins (New South Wales politician)
Captain Peter Edward James Collins, AM, RFD, KC, RANR (born 10 May 1947) is a former Australian politician who served as the Leader of the Opposition in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 4 April 1995 to 8 December 1998. He was a member of the Liberal party.
Jenny Belzberg
Jenny Belzberg CM AOE (born Jenny Lavin on January 7, 1928) is a Canadian community activist and philanthropist.  A Member of the Order of Canada, she was married to Hyman Belzberg and together they were a prominent force in community and cultural affairs.

Alberta Order of Excellence
The Alberta Order of Excellence is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Alberta. Instituted in 1979 when Lieutenant Governor Frank C. Lynch-Staunton granted royal assent to the Alberta Order of Excellence Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Alberta residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Canadian Crown in right of Alberta.
Wettinia
Wettinia is a genus of flowering plants in the palm family Arecaceae. The genus, established in 1837, contains some 20 species, but more seem to await discovery considering that 4 species - W. aequatorialis, W. lanata, W. minima and W. panamensis - were described as late as 1995. The genus is broadly divided into two groups. One group has the fruits tightly packed, while the other, formerly classified as genus Catoblastus, has fruits scattered along the inflorescence branches. It is not known whether these groups are both monophyletic. The genus is named after Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, of the House of Wettin.

Wettinia aequatorialis
Wettinia aequatorialis is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is commonly found in the country of Ecuador; more specifically the southern part. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. This species is threatened by habitat loss.
Lovoni
The Tikina of Lovoni is made up of the Fijian villages of Lovoni, Nasaumatua, Vuni-ivi-savu, Visoto, Nukutocia and Nacobo.  The latter three villages are located on the coast of Ovalau. The paramount Chief of the Tikina of Lovoni which includes six villages is the  Tui Wailevu the Vunivalu. The Lovoni Village Road is used by the inhabitants to access the nearby town of Levuka.

Pacific boas can be found near the villages and are considered as delicacies.

Levuka
Levuka (Fijian pronunciation: [leβuka] ⓘ) is a town on the eastern coast of the Fijian island of Ovalau, in Lomaiviti Province, in the Eastern Division of Fiji. Prior to 1877, it was the capital of Fiji. At the census in 2007, the last to date, Levuka town had a population of 1,131 (plus 3,266 living in the peri-urban area as defined by the Bureau of Statistics), about half of Ovalau's 8,900 inhabitants. It is the economic hub and the largest of 24 settlements on the island. Having been nominated decades prior, Levuka was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in June 2013, in recognition of the port town's exceptional testimony to the late colonial port towns in the Pacific.
Dimbleby
Dimbleby is an English-language surname, notable bearers of which include the following:

Richard Dimbleby (1913–1965), BBC television news commentator and war reporter

David Dimbleby (born 1938), elder son of Richard, journalist and host of BBC Election Night coverage from 1979 to 2017
Josceline Dimbleby (born 1943), first wife of David, former cookery correspondent for The Sunday Telegraph

Henry Dimbleby (born 1970), son of David, businessman, cook and food writer
Kate Dimbleby (born 1973), daughter of David, cabaret singer and songwriter

Jonathan Dimbleby (born 1944), younger son of Richard, radio and television journalist and historian
Bel Dimbleby aka Bel Mooney (born 1946), first wife of Jonathan, journalist and broadcaster

Nicholas Dimbleby (1946–2024), younger son of Richard, artist and sculptor

Richard Dimbleby
Frederick Richard Dimbleby (25 May 1913 – 22 December 1965) was an English journalist and broadcaster who became the BBC's first war correspondent and then its leading TV news commentator.

As host of the long-running current affairs programme Panorama, he pioneered a popular style of interviewing that was respectful but searching. At formal public events, he could combine gravitas with creative insights based on extensive research. He was also able to maintain interest throughout the all-night election specials.

The annual Richard Dimbleby Lecture was founded in his memory.
Ruth Goldbloom
Ruth Miriam Goldbloom OC ONS (née Schwartz, December 5, 1923 – August 29, 2012) was a Canadian philanthropist who co-founded the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. She was born and raised in New Waterford, Nova Scotia, to immigrant parents. Their immigrant experience influenced her throughout her life and was a major factor in her helping to found Pier 21. She became the first Jew to Chair Mount Saint Vincent University's board, which was a Catholic women's university at the time. She was the chancellor of the Technical University of Nova Scotia in the 1990s and fundraising chair for the Halifax area United Way. She was inducted into the Order of Canada for her work with charities in the 1980s and 1990s.

Order of Nova Scotia
The Order of Nova Scotia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The order was instituted through the Order of Nova Scotia Act on 1 June 2001, with the first appointments beginning in 2002. The order is intended to honour current or former Nova Scotia residents who have demonstrated a high level of individual excellence and achievement, thus being described as the highest honour amongst all those conferred by the Nova Scotia Crown. The lieutenant governor is Chancellor of the order, and is responsible for inducting new members.
Wherever You Are (Military Wives song)
"Wherever You Are" is a song written by Paul Mealor and performed by the Military Wives Choir, sung by ladies from Chivenor and Plymouth  under the direction of Gareth Malone. It is a spin-off of the BBC Two television series The Choir: Military Wives. It was released on 19 December 2011 following a campaign to make it the 2011 UK Christmas number one. The song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 1, claiming the Christmas number 1 – selling more than 556,000 copies in the week, more than the rest of the Top 12 combined. The song also claimed the status of the biggest first week sales since "A Moment Like This" by Leona Lewis sold over 571,000 copies in its first week in 2006. The song was included on their debut studio album In My Dreams.

"Wherever You Are" was nominated for Best British Single in the 2012 BRIT Awards, but the award was won by One Direction for their single "What Makes You Beautiful".

A Moment Like This
"A Moment Like This" is a song by American singer Kelly Clarkson, released as her debut single. The song was written by Jörgen Elofsson and John Reid from British house music project Nightcrawlers and produced by Stephen Ferrera and Steve Mac. The song was issued as a double A-side with "Before Your Love" as Clarkson's coronation single after winning the first season of American Idol. A remixed version of the song was later included on her debut studio album, Thankful (2003). "A Moment Like This" was a huge hit in North America, topping the US Billboard Hot 100 and the Canadian Singles Chart.

In 2006, the song was recorded and released by British singer Leona Lewis, the winner of the third series of The X Factor. Her version was the Christmas number one for 2006, outselling the rest of the top 40 combined. Lewis' version has sold 914,000 copies as of 2015.
Gun politics in the United States
In the context of gun violence in the United States, there are two primary opposing ideologies regarding private firearm ownership: gun control and gun rights.

Advocates of gun control support increasingly restrictive regulations on gun ownership, while proponents of gun rights oppose such restrictions and often support the liberalization of gun ownership. These groups typically differ in their interpretations of the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, as well as in their views on the role of firearms in public safety, their impact on public health, and their relationship to crime rates at both national and state levels.: 1–3

Since the early 21st century, private firearm ownership in the United States has been steadily increasing, with a notable acceleration during and after 2020.
The survey also indicates a rise in the diversity of firearm owners, with increased ownership rates among females and ethnic minorities compared to previous years.

Right to keep and bear arms in the United States
In the United States, the right to keep and bear arms is a fundamental right protected by the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights, and by the constitutions of most U.S. states. The Second Amendment declares:

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Stemming from English common law tradition, the concept of a right to keep and bear arms was recognized prior to the creation of a written national constitution.
Federal, Queensland
Federal is a rural locality in the Shire of Noosa, Queensland, Australia. It is located in the Sunshine Coast hinterland near the towns of Cooran and Pomona. In the 2021 census, Federal had a population of 365 people.

Pomona, Queensland
Pomona is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Noosa, Queensland, Australia. It is about 135 kilometres north of Brisbane. The town was called Pinbarren Siding from 1890-1900 as a subsidiary to Pinbarren. In the 2021 census, the locality of Pomona had a population of 2,931.
Parathuramminoidea
Parathuramminoidea comprises a superfamily within the foraminiferal order Fusulinida, characterized by tests (shells) that are unilocular, globular to elongate or irregular, or that may consist of a series or cluster of such chambers.  Forms are either free or attached.

Parathuramminoidea is one of three superfamilies making up the Fusulinina in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part C, 1964, but as of 1988 (or prior to) expanded to thirteen. Additional superfamilies being created out of the original three.

Parathuramminoideans were originally described  as Fusulinida that consist of a single globular or tubular chamber, or cluster of such chambers. Test wall simple, consisting of calcareous granules in calcareous cement.  At that time it was divided into the globular Parathuraminidae, tubular or enrolled Caligellidae, and globular to tubular Moravamminidae.

Fusulinida
The Fusulinida is an extinct order within the Foraminifera in which the tests are traditionally considered to have been composed of microgranular calcite. Like all forams, they were single-celled organisms. In advanced forms the test wall was differentiated into two or more layers.  Loeblich and Tappan, 1988, gives a range from the Lower Silurian to the Upper Permian, with the fusulinid foraminifera going extinct with the Permian–Triassic extinction event. While the latter is true, a more supported projected timespan is from the Mid-Carboniferous period.