hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tornado outbreak of March 21–22, 1952
On March 21–22, 1952, a destructive and deadly tornado outbreak generated eight violent tornadoes across the Southern United States, causing 209 fatalities—50 of which occurred in a single tornado in Arkansas. In addition, this tornado outbreak is the second deadliest on record to ever affect the state of Tennessee, with 66 of the fatalities associated with this outbreak occurring in the state; this is only surpassed by the 90 fatalities from a tornado outbreak in 1909, and in terms of fatalities is well ahead of both the 1974 Super Outbreak and the Super Tuesday tornado outbreak, each of which resulted in 45 and 31 fatalities, respectively. The severe weather event also resulted in the fourth-largest number of tornado fatalities within a 24-hour period since 1950. To date this was considered the most destructive tornado outbreak in Arkansas on record.

Fujita scale
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; /fuˈdʒiːtə/), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale, named for the meteorologist Ted Fujita, was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
The Sandfleas
The Sandfleas are a fictional gang of masked hooligans within the mythology of the superhero-themed American comedy band The Aquabats, who featured prominently as the latter's "arch enemies" in their stage shows and related media during the late 1990s.

From 1997 to 1999, The Sandfleas occasionally performed as a live band almost exclusively as an opening act for The Aquabats, fronted by Aquabats creative consultant and GOGO13 singer Parker Jacobs and filled out by a rotating roster of former and present Aquabats members. The group released one extended play on The Aquabats' Horchata Records label before disbanding shortly afterwards.

GOGO13
GOGO13 is an American ska band formed in 1993 by singer and artist Parker Jacobs and currently based out of Huntington Beach, California.

Originally formed in St. George, Utah, the first incarnation of GOGO13 lasted for just under a year, yet ultimately helped pioneer a thriving ska scene in Utah during the mid-1990s. In 2001, following their rediscovery through their association with the popular Orange County band The Aquabats, GOGO13 permanently reunited and continue to play shows throughout the southwestern region. The band released their first studio album I Like It! in April 2012.
TurboDOS
TurboDOS is a multi user CP/M like operating system for the Z80 and 8086 CPUs developed by Software 2000 Inc.

It was released around 1982 for S100 bus based systems such as the NorthStar Horizon and the Commercial Systems line of the multiprocessor systems including the CSI-50, CSI-75, SCI-100 and CSI-150.

The multiprocessor nature of TurboDOS is its most unusual feature. Unlike other operating systems of its time where networking of processors was either an afterthought, or which only support a file transfer protocol, TurboDOS was designed from the ground up as a multiprocessor operating system.

It is modular in construction, with the operating system generation based on a  relocating, linking, loader  program. This makes the incorporation of different  hardware driver modules quite easy, particularly  for  bus-oriented machines, such as the IEEE-696 (S-100) bus which was commonly used for TurboDOS systems.

S-100 bus
The S-100 bus or Altair bus, later standardized as IEEE 696-1983 (inactive-withdrawn), is an early computer bus designed in 1974 as a part of the Altair 8800. The S-100 bus was the first industry-standard expansion bus for the microcomputer industry. S-100 computers, consisting of processor and peripheral cards, were produced by a number of manufacturers.  The S-100 bus formed the basis for homebrew computers whose builders (e.g., the Homebrew Computer Club) implemented drivers for CP/M and MP/M.  These S-100 microcomputers ran the gamut from hobbyist toy to small business workstation and were common in early home computers until the advent of the IBM PC.
KJTL
KJTL (channel 18) is a television station licensed to Wichita Falls, Texas, United States, serving as the Fox affiliate for the western Texoma area. It is owned by locally based Mission Broadcasting as its flagship station; Mission maintains joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Nexstar Media Group, owner of NBC affiliate KFDX-TV (channel 3) and low-power MyNetworkTV affiliate KJBO-LD (channel 35), for the provision of certain services. The three stations share studios near Seymour Highway (US 277) and Turtle Creek Road in Wichita Falls; KJTL's transmitter is located near East 1940 and North 2380 Roads in rural southwestern Tillman County, Oklahoma (near Grandfield).

Grandfield, Oklahoma
Grandfield is a city in Tillman County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 919 as of the 2020 United States census.  It is located about 30 driving miles southeast of the county seat of Frederick, and is situated at the intersection of US Route 70 and Oklahoma State Highway 36.
Chapter Four (song)
"Chapter Four" is a song by American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold. The song was released as a double A-side single with "Eternal Rest" from their second album, Waking the Fallen, where it also appears as track three.

Waking the Fallen
Waking the Fallen is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold, released on August 26, 2003, through Hopeless Records. It is the band's first full-length album with new lead guitarist Synyster Gates and bassist Johnny Christ.

The album was certified gold on July 15, 2009, even though it only sold 3,000 copies on its first week of release. As of August 2014, the album has sold over 693,000 copies in the United States. As of March 17, 2021, the album has been certified Platinum in the United States and Gold in both Canada and the United Kingdom. The song "Eternal Rest" appears on Kerrang!'s "666 Songs You Must Own" and was featured on the soundtrack to the movie Saw IV (2007).
Eila Galitsky
Eila Galitsky (Thai: แอลล่า แกลิทสกีย์; born 26 October 2006) is a Thai amateur golfer. She won the 2023 Women's Amateur Asia-Pacific Championship, which earned her invitations to several major championships, including the 2023 Chevron Championship, where she made the cut and finished as the low amateur in a tie for 28th place.

Galitsky is currently studying at the University of South Carolina, competing as part of the South Carolina Gamecocks women's golf team.

Women's Amateur Asia-Pacific
The Women's Amateur Asia-Pacific was founded in 2018 by The R&A and the Asia-Pacific Golf Confederation, to create an event corresponding to The Womens Amateur Championship and U.S. Women's Amateur for Asia, analogous to the Asia-Pacific Amateur Championship for men. It was one of the "elite" tournaments in the World Amateur Golf Ranking.

The winner earns invitations to play in two major championships – the Women's British Open and The Evian Championship, as well as an exemption for the Augusta National Women's Amateur.
Esperanto orthography
Esperanto is written in a Latin-script alphabet of twenty-eight letters, with upper and lower case. This is supplemented by punctuation marks and by various logograms, such as the digits 0–9, currency signs such as $ € ¥ £ ₷, and mathematical symbols. The creator of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof, declared a principle of "one letter, one sound", though this is a general rather than strict guideline.

Twenty-two of the letters are identical in form to letters of the English alphabet (q, w, x, and y being omitted). The remaining six have diacritical marks: ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ, and ŭ – that is, c, g, h, j, and s circumflex, and u breve.

Logogram
In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek logos 'word', and gramma 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme. Chinese characters as used in Chinese as well as other languages are logograms, as are Egyptian hieroglyphs and characters in cuneiform script. A writing system that primarily uses logograms is called a logography. Non-logographic writing systems, such as alphabets and syllabaries, are phonemic: their individual symbols represent sounds directly and lack any inherent meaning. However, all known logographies have some phonetic component, generally based on the rebus principle, and the addition of a phonetic component to pure ideographs is considered to be a key innovation in enabling the writing system to adequately encode human language.
Elvira Todua
Elvira Zurabovna Todua (Russian: Эльвира Зурабовна Тодуа; born 31 January 1986) is an Abkhazian, Georgian, Russian football goalkeeper who plays for CSKA Moscow of the Russian Women's Football Championship.

Todua became the Russia women's national football team's first-choice goalkeeper after making her debut in 2003. She competed at the UEFA Women's Championships in 2009 and 2013.

Russian Women's Football Championship
The Russian Women's Football Championship (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу среди женщин, romanized: Chempionat Rossii po futbolu sredi zhenshchin), also known as the Top Division and the Women's Football League, is the highest professional  women's football league in Russia.

The Top Division was founded in 1992. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the women's league played two seasons in 1990 and 1991.
Margarita Island (Colombia)
Margarita Island (Spanish: Isla Margarita), also called Mompox Island (Spanish: Isla Mompox), is an inland river island in the Magdalena River, near Mompos town of interior Colombia. It is located in the Bolivar Department, on the border with the Magdalena Department in northern Colombia. With an area of 2100 to 2200 km2, it is the largest island in Colombia and the fourth largest river island in the world after the islands of Marajo,  Bananal and Tupinambarana (all in Brazil). It had a population of 117,210 in 2008.

Santa Cruz de Mompox
Mompox, officially Santa Cruz de Mompós, is a town and municipality in northern Colombia, in the Bolívar Department. The town initially grew from its proximity to the Magdalena River and has preserved much of its colonial character. It also played an important role in the independence of America from Spain. Today, Mompox depends upon tourism, fishing, and some commerce generated by the local cattle raising. The municipality has a population of 46,408 and is adjacent to the municipalities of Pinillos and San Fernando. The historic center of Mompox was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995, owing to its preserved colonial architecture and mixture of architectural styles.
York Lions men's ice hockey
The York Lions men's ice hockey team (formerly the York Yeomen) is an active ice hockey program representing the York Lions athletic department of York University. The team has been continually active since the early 1960s and is currently a member of the Ontario University Athletics conference under the authority of U Sports. The Lions play at the Canlan Ice Sports in Toronto, Ontario.

U Sports
U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body for universities in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country and four regional conferences: Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), Canada West (CW), and Atlantic University Sport (AUS). The equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Some institutions are members of both bodies for different sports.
2023 Amqui truck attack
On March 13, 2023, a pickup truck hit eleven pedestrians in Amqui, Quebec, Canada, killing three men and injuring eight others, including two children.

The incident had a large impact on the small, tightly knit town, with the Premier of Quebec leading a delegation to show his support for the grieving community.

The accused turned himself in to police shortly after allegedly fleeing the scene. Police investigators described the incident as premeditated and deliberate. On April 4, the accused was charged with three counts of first-degree murder, 9 counts of attempted murder, and 2 counts of dangerous driving. The trial began in May 2025. On June 21 2025, Gagnon was found guilty on three counts of first-degree murder and two counts of attempted murder using a motor vehicle.

Premier of Quebec
The premier of Quebec (French: premier ministre du Québec [pʁəmje ministʁ dy kebɛk] (masculine) or première ministre du Québec [pʁəmjɛʁ-] [feminine]) is the first minister and head of government of the Canadian province of Quebec. The current premier of Quebec is François Legault of the Coalition Avenir Québec, sworn in on October 18, 2018, following that year's election.
More O'Ferrall–Jencks plot
More O’Ferrall–Jencks plots are two-dimensional representations of multiple reaction coordinate potential energy surfaces for chemical reactions that involve simultaneous changes in two bonds. As such, they are a useful tool to explain or predict how changes in the reactants or reaction conditions can affect the position and geometry of the transition state of a reaction for which there are possible competing pathways.

Transition state
In chemistry, the transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate. It is defined as the state corresponding to the highest potential energy along this reaction coordinate.  It is often marked with the double dagger (‡) symbol.

As an example, the transition state shown below occurs during the SN2 reaction of bromoethane with a hydroxide anion:

The activated complex of a reaction can refer to either the transition state or to other states along the reaction coordinate between reactants and products, especially those close to the transition state.

According to the transition state theory, once the reactants have passed through the transition state configuration, they always continue to form products.
America's Great Depression
America's Great Depression is a 1963 treatise by Austrian School economist Murray Rothbard on the causes of the 1930s Great Depression. Drawing from the Austrian theory of the business cycle, Rothbard argues that Federal Reserve inflationary policy in the 1920s and Herbert Hoover's interventionist response to the crash, rather than laissez-faire capitalism or private speculation, created and prolonged the depression.

Inflationism
Inflationism is a heterodox economic, fiscal, or monetary policy, that predicts that a substantial level of inflation is harmless, desirable or even advantageous. Similarly, inflationist economists advocate for an inflationist policy.

Mainstream economics holds that inflation is a necessary evil, and advocates a low, stable level of inflation, and thus is largely opposed to inflationist policies – some inflation is necessary, but inflation beyond a low level is not desirable. However, deflation is often seen as a worse or equal danger, particularly within Keynesian economics, as well as Monetarist economics and in the theory of debt deflation.

Inflationism is not accepted within the economics community, and is often conflated with Modern Monetary Theory, which uses similar arguments, especially in relation to chartalism.
Abalos Undae
Abalos Undae (Latin for "Abalos Waves") is a dune field on Mars in the periphery of Planum Boreum, the Martian North pole. It is one of the officially named northern circumpolar dune fields, along with Olympia, Hyperboreae, and Siton Undae, and also one of the densest of the region. Its northernmost boundary is located in the southwest channel that separates the Abalos Colles formation from the main polar ice cap, and from there the dune field extends southwest all the way to the lowlands of Vastitas Borealis.

It is theorised that the dunes of the Abalos field may have resulted from erosion of Rupes Tenuis (Latin: Thin Cliff), the polar scarp. Its name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1988. It extends from latitude 74.94°N to 82.2°N and from longitude 261.4°E to 283.03°E (76.97°W – 98.6°W). Its origin is located at classical albedo feature with coordinates 72°N, 70°W and has a diameter of 442.74 km.

Classical albedo features on Mars
The classical albedo features of Mars are the light and dark features that can be seen on the planet Mars through an Earth-based telescope. Before the age of space probes, several astronomers created maps of Mars on which they gave names to the features they could see. The most popular system of nomenclature was devised by Giovanni Schiaparelli, who used names from classical antiquity. Today, the improved understanding of Mars enabled by space probes has rendered many of the classical names obsolete for the purposes of cartography; however, some of the old names are still used to describe geographical features on the planet.
Fernando Carrillo Flórez
Fernando Carrillo Flórez (born 13 May 1963) is a Pontifical Xavierian University educated lawyer and economist, with postgraduate studies from Harvard University. He served as Colombia's 11th Minister of the Interior from 2012 to 2013, and 55th Minister of Justice from 1991 to 1992.

Ministry of the Interior (Colombia)
The Ministry of the Interior (MinInterior; Spanish: Ministerio del Interior) is the Cabinet position of the Government of Colombia in charge of managing the relations between the national government and the local administrative divisions; the relations between the executive branch and the legislative branch; and the relations between the Government and Indigenous, Afro-descendant, LGBT, and other vulnerable populations. It is similar to the interior ministries of other countries.
Pai Northern Thai Kitchen
Pai Northern Thai Kitchen (simply Pai; stylized as PAI) is a restaurant chain in Toronto, Ontario, Canada serving northern Thai cuisine. Pai has two eat-in locations and three ghost kitchens. The chain is run by chefs Nuit Regular and Jeff Regular. Pai has been noted for its influence on Thai food in Toronto, and has been cited as one of the city's most liked spots for Thai food. Their menu focuses on authentic northern Thai cuisine with international influences; the most popular dish is their pad thai.

Nuit and Jeff had opened a number of Thai restaurants in Toronto before Pai. The first Pai location was opened in 2014 in Downtown Toronto. Following the opening, the Toronto Star left a positive review while The Globe and Mail left a mixed one. Pai opened a ghost kitchen with Kitchen Hub in early 2020 and an eat-in location in late 2020, situated in Yonge–Eglinton. They began operating a further two ghost kitchens in 2022.

Virtual restaurant
A virtual restaurant, also known as a ghost kitchen, cloud kitchen or dark kitchen, is a food service business that serves customers exclusively by delivery and pick-up based on phone and online ordering. Virtual restaurants are stand-alone businesses that either operate out of an existing restaurant's kitchen or from a separate kitchen set-up away from a restaurant. By not having a full-service restaurant with a storefront and dining room, virtual restaurants can economize by occupying cheaper real estate. The reduced space lowers overall overhead and operational costs, thus yielding higher profit margins, as the price of the food provided is typically not changed. The virtual restaurant's single kitchen format allows for multiple brands to share kitchen space.
Memoirs of a Broken Man
Memoirs of a Broken Man is the 2009 debut album by Futures End. It is the band's first release, and features guest appearances from Nightmare Records president Lance King. The album was voted 'Best Progressive Metal Album of 2009' in USA Progressive Music Magazine's annual poll, beating fellow contestants Redemption, Shadow Gallery, Edgend, and Dream Theater.

Lance King
Lance King (born November 23, 1962) is an American heavy metal vocalist and songwriter known for his work in progressive and power metal. He has performed with bands including Balance of Power, Pyramaze, and Gemini, and founded Nightmare Records in 1990, which has released music of over 100 artists.
The Frighteners (The Avengers)
"The Frighteners" is the fifteenth episode of the first series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Ian Hendry and Patrick Macnee. It was directed by Peter Hammond, designed by Robert Fuest, written by Berkely Mather and first broadcast by ABC on 27 May 1961.

For many years it was the only full episode which remained from the first series until the earlier episode Girl on the Trapeze was discovered in 2001 and the later episode Tunnel of Fear in 2016; as of 2022 it is the earliest complete episode to feature both Steed and Keel and the earliest surviving episode to feature Steed (owing to the debut episode, Hot Snow, surviving in incomplete form and extant footage ending before Steed's appearance and Girl on the Trapeze not featuring him at all).

Girl on the Trapeze
"Girl on the Trapeze" is the sixth episode of the first series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Ian Hendry and Ingrid Hafner, and guest starring Mia Karam, Howard Goorney, and Kenneth J. Warren. It was performed and aired live on ABC on 11 February 1961, and is one of only three series 1 episodes which are known to exist (as of 2022), complete.  The episode was directed by Don Leaver, and written by Dennis Spooner.

It is notable as being one of only a handful of Avengers episodes in which the character of John Steed, played by Patrick Macnee (and who, at this point in the series' history, was a supporting character to Hendry's David Keel, not the lead), does not appear.
Carbamoyl phosphate
Carbamoyl phosphate is an anion of biochemical significance. In land-dwelling animals, it is an intermediary metabolite in nitrogen disposal through the urea cycle and the synthesis of pyrimidines. Its enzymatic counterpart, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I), interacts with a class of molecules called sirtuins, NAD dependent protein deacetylases, and ATP to form carbamoyl phosphate. CP then enters the urea cycle in which it reacts with ornithine (a process catalyzed by the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase) to form citrulline.

Metabolic intermediate
Metabolic intermediates are compounds produced during the conversion of substrates (starting molecules) into final products in biochemical reactions within cells.

Although these intermediates are of relatively minor direct importance to cellular function, they can play important roles in the allosteric regulation of enzymes, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and amino acid synthesis.

Metabolic pathways consist of a series of enzymatically catalyzed reactions where each step transforms a substrate into a product that serves as the substrate for the next reaction. Metabolic intermediates are compounds that form during these steps, and they are neither the starting substrate nor the final product of the pathway. These intermediates are crucial because they allow for regulation, energy storage, and extraction of chemical energy in a controlled manner.