hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Itoigawa Domain
Itoigawa Domain (糸魚川藩, Itoigawa-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It is located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Itoigawa Jin'ya, located in what is now part of the city of Itoigawa in Niigata Prefecture.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Twynham hut
The Twynham hut was developed by the British War Office in 1959 as a replacement for the Nissen hut which was first used in 1916. It was constructed of individual 8-foot (2.4 m) bays which made the roof stronger than that of its predecessor. Huts are known to have been constructed in lengths between 16 feet (4.9 m) and 128 feet (39 m). Although four times the cost of Nissen huts the Twynham hut was considered more comfortable and aesthetically pleasing; it also had twice the design life and could be fitted with air conditioning. The huts remained in use until at least 1982.

Nissen hut
A Nissen hut is a prefabricated steel structure originally for military use, especially as barracks, made from a 210° portion of a cylindrical skin of corrugated iron placed over a steel and wood frame. It was designed during the First World War by Major Peter Norman Nissen. It was also used extensively during the Second World War and was adapted as the similar Quonset hut in the United States.
Annie McIntosh
Annie Sophia Jane McIntosh CBE, RRC (21 April 1871 – 20 September 1951) was a British nurse and nursing leader. She was a Matron of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London (1910–1927), promoted the fledgling College of Nursing Ltd (now the Royal College of Nursing), and served on several wartime committees.

Royal College of Nursing
The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) is a registered trade union and professional body in the United Kingdom for those in the profession of nursing. It was founded in 1916 as the College of Nursing, receiving its royal charter in 1928. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron until her death in 2022, King Charles III continued the royal connection and became patron in 2024. The majority of members are registered nurses; however student nurses and healthcare assistants are also members. There is also a category of membership, at a reduced cost, for retired people.

The RCN describes its mission as representing nurses and nursing, promoting excellence in practice and shaping health policies. It has a network of stewards, safety representatives and union learning representatives as well as advice services for members. Services include a main library in London, and regional libraries. The RCN Institute provides courses for nurses.
.240 Weatherby Magnum
The .240 Weatherby Magnum was developed in 1968 by Roy Weatherby. In the development of his own .240in/6 mm cartridge, Weatherby was significantly influenced by both the success and the limitations of the .244 H&H Magnum cartridge devised in England by his friend and colleague David Lloyd. It was the last cartridge to be designed by Roy Weatherby.

6 mm caliber
This is a list of firearm cartridges which have bullets of a caliber between 6 millimetres (0.236 in) and 6.99 millimetres (0.275 in).

Length refers to the cartridge case length

OAL refers to the overall length of the cartridge

Measurements are in millimeters then inches, i.e. mm (in).
East Kowloon line
The Smart and Green Mass Transit System in East Kowloon (Chinese: 東九龍智慧綠色集體運輸系統), also known as the East Kowloon line, is a proposed Hong Kong rapid transit line that would run from Diamond Hill to Tseung Kwan O New Town. The route would pass through the hilly Sau Mau Ping residential area, which is not directly served by any local railway service at present. The scheme was first revealed by the Hong Kong Government in the "Railway Development Strategy 2014" as East Kowloon line (Chinese: 東九龍綫), published September 2014. The project is related to the government-led redevelopment of the East Kowloon area as well as planned residential development in the Anderson Road/Sau Mau Ping district.

Anderson Road, Hong Kong
Anderson Road (Chinese: 安達臣道) is a road on the eastern border of the New Territories and New Kowloon in Hong Kong. It starts near the junction of Clear Water Bay Road and New Clear Water Bay Road, above Shun Lee Estate, then continues southeast to Tseng Lan Shue (井欄樹) and eastward through the hills above Sau Mau Ping, and finally ends at Po Lam Road (寶琳路) in Ma Yau Tong.
2003 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships
The 2003 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships were held in Lugano, Switzerland from 31 August to 7 September 2003. The disciplines included were cross-country, cross-country marathon, downhill, four-cross, and trials. The event was the 14th edition of the UCI Mountain Bike World Championships and the 18th edition of the UCI Trials World Championships.

This was the first year that the cross-country marathon was included in the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships. From 2004 onwards, the cross-country marathon was run as a separate world championship.

Anne-Caroline Chausson of France won her eighth consecutive world title in the women's downhill. As of 2016, no other rider has won more than two consecutive world titles in the event.

Greg Minnaar of South Africa won the world title in the men's downhill. He thus became the first rider from the continent of Africa to win a mountain biking world championship in an elite category.

UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships
The UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships is the world championship event for marathon mountain bike races. Inaugurated by the Union Cycliste Internationale in 2003, the event is held annually in single classes for men and women. The 2003 event was organized as part of the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships.  Subsequent marathon world championships, however, have been organised as a stand-alone event.

The UCI awards a gold medal and a rainbow jersey to the winner. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. World champions wear their rainbow jersey until the following year's championship, but only in marathon events.
Ghizer Valley
Ghizer Valley (Urdu: وادی غزر), also known as Koh-i-Ghizer (Urdu: کوہ غذر), is a mountainous valley located in the Gupis–Yasin District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It contains the Shandur Valley and the Phander Valley.

Phander (village)
Phander (Urdu: پھنڈر) is the name of a village and valley in the Ghizer District located in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The village is 184 kilometers from Gilgit on the road to the Shandur Pass, which continues on to Chitral.

There are four lakes in the valley, of which the Phander Lake is the largest.
Phander is one of the few places where the Gilgit River divides into several strands as it enters the valley, which merges again upon exit from the valley.
Tommaso Rocchi
Tommaso Rocchi (Italian pronunciation: [tomˈmaːzo ˈrɔkki]; born 19 September 1977) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as striker. He spent a large part of his career with Lazio and is the club's sixth highest goalscorer of all time, three behind Bruno Giordano. At international level, Rocchi earned three caps for the Italy national team.

Bruno Giordano
Bruno Giordano (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbruːno dʒorˈdaːno]; born 13 August 1956) is an Italian football manager and former player, who was deployed as a forward and is mostly remembered for winning the title of Serie A capocannoniere (top goalscorer) achieved with Lazio as well as for his successful time at Napoli. Giordano was a prolific striker with good technique and dribbling ability, and also possessed an accurate and powerful shot with either foot; due to his characteristics, he was regarded as the heir of Giorgio Chinaglia.
English Springer Spaniel
The English Springer Spaniel is a breed of gun dog in the Spaniel group traditionally used for flushing and retrieving game. They are descended from the Norfolk or Shropshire Spaniels of the mid-19th century; the breed has diverged into separate show and working lines. It is closely related to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and very closely to the English Cocker Spaniel; less than a century ago, springers and cockers would come from the same litter. The smaller "cockers" were used in woodcock hunting while their larger littermates were used to flush, or "spring", other game birds. In 1902, The Kennel Club recognized the English Springer Spaniel as a distinct breed. They are used as sniffer dogs on a widespread basis.

Gun dog
Gun dogs (gundogs) or bird dogs  are types of hunting dogs developed to assist hunters in finding and retrieving game, typically various fowls that are shot down on the wing (in flight). The term hunting dog is broad and includes all breeds and skills of hunting canines, but "gun dogs" refers to canines that are trained to work alongside a loud firearm while hunting or retrieving game. Gun dogs are divided into three main categories: pointers and setters, retrievers, and spaniels.
Laona-Akamas
Laona–Akamas is a geographical and cultural region located in the northwestern part of Cyprus, within the Paphos District. It consists of the highland villages of the Laona Plateau and the ecologically rich Akamas Peninsula. The area is known for its traditional stone-built villages, winemaking heritage, biodiversity, and natural beauty. The Laona–Akamas region is a culturally rich and environmentally significant area located in the northwestern part of Cyprus, primarily within the Paphos District. It comprises a network of traditional villages, vineyards, and natural landscapes, extending from the Laona Plateau inland toward the Akamas Peninsula, a protected Natura 2000 site.

Laona Plateau
The Laona Plateau is a plateau in Cyprus, sitting at an elevation of around 600 metres. It contains four stone-built villages of the Laona Region: Kathikas, Inia, Drouseia and Pano Arodes. A walking route connects the villages.
Saint Issel
Saint Issel or Issell (Welsh: Eussyllt or Usyllt) was a 6th-century Welsh saint in Celtic Christianity. He lived in the Kingdom of Dyfed and is principally notable as being the father of Saint Teilo.

His name appears in many forms in surviving texts, but seems to have been derived from the Latin name Auxilius.

The Book of Llandaff gives his wife as Guenhaf daughter of Liuonui. He was the father of Saint Teilo and the Anauved who married King Budig of Armorica and bore three saints. The oldest genealogies present him as also the father of Saint Cynllo.

He is the patron saint of the parish church at Saundersfoot (Old Welsh: Llanussyllt) but probably not the patron of Haroldston St Issells which was probably corrupted from an original dedication to his grandson Saint Ismael.

Saint Teilo
Saint Teilo (Latin: Teliarus or Teliavus; Breton: Teliau or Telo; French: Télo or Théleau; c. 500 – 9 February c. 560), also known as Eliud, was a British Christian monk, bishop, and founder of monasteries and churches. He was from Penalun (Penally) near Tenby in Pembrokeshire, south Wales.

Reputed to be a cousin, friend, and disciple of Saint David, he was bishop of Llandaff and founder of the first church at Llandaff Cathedral, where his tomb is. He also founded Llandeilo Fawr, as well as Penally Abbey at his place of birth.
Attainable region theory
Attainable region (AR) theory is a branch of chemical engineering, specifically chemical reaction engineering, that uses geometric and mathematical optimization concepts to assist in the design of networks of chemical reactors. AR theory is a method to help define the best reactor flowsheet using graphical techniques for a desired duty or objective function.

Chemical reaction engineering
Chemical reaction engineering (reaction engineering or reactor engineering) is a specialty in chemical engineering or industrial chemistry dealing with chemical reactors.  Frequently the term relates specifically to catalytic reaction systems where either a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst is present in the reactor.  Sometimes a reactor per se is not present by itself, but rather is integrated into a process, for example in reactive separations vessels, retorts, certain fuel cells, and photocatalytic surfaces. The issue of solvent effects on reaction kinetics is also considered as an integral part.
Ghurab
Ghurab or gurab is a type of merchant and warship from the Nusantara archipelago. The ship was a result of Mediterranean influences in the region, particularly introduced by the Arabs, Persians, and Ottomans. For their war fleet, the Malays prefer to use shallow draught, oared longships similar to the galley, such as lancaran, penjajap, and kelulus. This is very different from the Javanese who prefer long-range, deep-draught round ships such as jong and malangbang. The reason for this difference is that the Malays operated their ships in riverine water, sheltered straits zone, and archipelagic environment, while the Javanese are often active in the open and high sea. After contact with Iberian people, both the Javanese and Malay fleets began to use the ghurab and ghali more frequently.: 270–277, 290–291, 296–301 : 148, 155

Penjajap
Penjajap, also pangajava and pangayaw, were native galley-like warships used by several Austronesian ethnic groups in maritime Southeast Asia. They were typically very long and narrow, and were very fast. They are mentioned as being used by native fleets in Indonesia, the southern Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei.
2021 South Gippsland Shire Council election
The 2021 South Gippsland Shire Council election was held in October 2021 to elect nine councillors for South Gippsland Shire, a local government area (LGA) in Victoria, Australia.

This was the first election for the council since it was dismissed by the sacked by the state government in June 2019, which resulted in its scheduled 2020 election being delayed by a year. The only elected candidate who had previously served on the council was Mohya Davies, who was elected in 2012 but defeated in 2016.

The Victorian Greens endorsed two candidates, while Liberal Party member Nathan Herseyn also contested the election. The local Labor Party branch expressed interest, but did not end up endorsing any candidates.

2016 Victorian local elections
The 2016 Victorian local elections were held on 22 October 2016 to elect the councils of the 79 local government areas in Victoria, Australia.

The elections saw the largest-ever amount of Greens councillors elected, with the party increasing their local government representatives from 17 to 29. The Labor Party and Liberal Party did not endorse any candidates.
Iowa Highway 471
Iowa Highway 471 (Iowa 471) is a state highway that is located entirely within Sac County.  It was designated in November 2015 when a 20-mile (32 km) portion of U.S. Highway 71 (US 71) was rerouted over Iowa 196 and onto US 20.

Iowa Highway 196
Iowa Highway 196 (Iowa 196) was a state highway located in Sac County. It began east of Lake View at an intersection with U.S. Route 71 (US 71) and Iowa 175 and ended at US 20 northeast of Sac City. Designated in the 1930s, the route always served as a connection between US 71 and US 20.
Akmolinsk Oblast (Russian Empire)
Akmolinsk Oblast (Russian: Акмо́линская область) was an Oblast (province) of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day northern Kazakhstan and the southern part of Omsk Oblast in Russia. It was formerly part of Kazakh khanate. It was created after the division of the Oblast of Siberian Kirghiz into the Akmolinsk and Semipalatinsk Oblasts on 21 October 1868. Its center was Omsk and consisted of uezds of Akmolinsk, Atbasar, Kokchetav, Omsk and Petropavlovsk. It bordered Tobolsk Governorate to the north, Semipalatinsk Oblast to the east, Syr-Darya Oblast to the south, Turgay Oblast to the southwest and Orenburg Governorate to the northwest.

Semipalatinsk Oblast, Russia
50°24′40″N 80°13′39″E﻿ / ﻿50.4111°N 80.2275°E﻿ / 50.4111; 80.2275

The Semipalatinsk Oblast (Russian: Семипалатинская область) was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire and the early Russian SFSR. From 1882 to 1917 it was part of the Governor-Generalship of the Steppes. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day northeastern Kazakhstan. It was created out of the territories of the former Kazakh Khanate. The first Russian settlement in the area dates from 1718, when Russia built a fort beside the river Irtysh, near the ruins of an ancient Buddhist monastery, where seven buildings could be seen. The fort (and later the city) was named Semipalatinsk (Russian for "Seven-Chambered City") after the monastery. The city is now known as Semey.
The Sandman Universe
The Sandman Universe is a line of American comic books published by DC Comics under its imprints DC Vertigo and DC Black Label. The line launched to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Neil Gaiman's The Sandman (1989–1996) and Vertigo's 25th anniversary. The Sandman Universe began in August 2018, with a titular one-shot, which was followed by four ongoing series—House of Whispers, Lucifer, Books of Magic, and The Dreaming. Each comic is overseen by Gaiman but written by new creative teams.

The Books of Magic
The Books of Magic is the title of a four-issue English-language comic book miniseries written by Neil Gaiman, published by DC Comics, and later an ongoing series under the imprint Vertigo. Since its original publication, the miniseries has also been published in a single-volume collection under the Vertigo imprint with an introduction by author Roger Zelazny. It tells the story of a young boy who has the potential to become the world's greatest magician.
Osprey Media
Osprey Media L.P. was a Canadian newspaper regional chain that published 20 daily newspapers, 34 non-daily newspapers, and a number of shopping guides and magazines in the Canadian province of Ontario. Formerly an independent income trust, Osprey was taken over by Quebecor's Sun Media division in 2007. With the sale of Sun Media to Postmedia Network a decade later, many of its former newspapers owned by Osprey today are either owned by Postmedia or Torstar.

In September 2006, the last annual release of Canadian circulation figures before the company's takeover by Quebecor, Osprey Media's dailies had average daily paid and unpaid circulation / distribution of approximately 340,000 copies, while its non-daily newspapers had average weekly paid and unpaid circulation / distribution of approximately 466,000 copies.

Postmedia Network
Postmedia Network Canada Corp. (also known as Postmedia Network, Postmedia News or Postmedia) is an American-owned, Canadian-based media conglomerate consisting of the publishing properties of the former Canwest, with primary operations in English-language newspaper publishing, news gathering and Internet operations. It is best known for being the owner of the National Post and the Financial Post. It owns and operates over more than 130 print and digital news titles across Canada.

The company's strategy has seen its publications invest greater resources in digital news gathering and distribution, including expanded websites and digital news apps for smartphones and tablets. This began with a revamp and redesign of the Ottawa Citizen, which debuted in 2014.

Two-thirds, or 66%, of Postmedia is currently owned by American media conglomerate Chatham Asset Management. The company is headquartered at Postmedia Place on Bloor Street in Toronto.
Natasha Fox
Lieutenant General Natasha Anne Fox, AO, CSC is a senior officer in the Australian Army. She joined the army via the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) in 1988 and has spent much of her career in logistics and training roles. She served as Commanding Officer/Chief Instructor at ADFA from 2009 to 2010, and deployed on operations to Israel, Syria and Lebanon and to Afghanistan. She was Head People Capability from November 2018 to December 2021, Deputy Chief of Army from February 2022 to June 2023, and was appointed the inaugural Chief of Personnel on 5 June 2023. She was both the first woman to serve as a deputy service chief and the first woman to be promoted to three-star rank in the Australian Defence Force.

Conspicuous Service Cross (Australia)
The Conspicuous Service Cross (CSC) is a decoration (medal) of the Australian honours system. It is awarded to members of the Australian Defence Force "for outstanding devotion to duty or outstanding achievement in the application of exceptional skills, judgment or dedication, in non-warlike situations". In November 2019, 1129 people were listed as recipients. All ranks are eligible for the award.
Charleston Workhouse
The Charleston Workhouse was a facility in Charleston, South Carolina, used primarily for the imprisonment and punishment of enslaved individuals. Located on Magazine Street, adjacent to the Old Charleston Jail, the Workhouse operated as a site where enslavers could pay to have enslaved people confined and subjected to physical punishment. The facility was known for its harsh conditions, including floggings, confinement in stocks, and forced labor on a treadmill used for grinding corn. The Workhouse was damaged in the 1886 Charleston earthquake and was never rebuilt.

Old Charleston Jail
The Old Charleston Jail is a structure of historical and architectural significance located at 21 Magazine Street in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. Operational between 1802 and 1939, the jail held many notable figures, among them Denmark Vesey, Union officers and Colored Troops during the American Civil War, and high-seas pirates. The Old Charleston Jail went through a renovation starting in 2016. It is now an event venue and museum.
Yellow-billed blue magpie
The yellow-billed blue-magpie , or gold-billed magpie (Urocissa flavirostris), is a passerine bird in the family Corvidae, along with crows and jays. It forms a superspecies with the Taiwan blue magpie and the red-billed blue magpie. The species' range covers the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent, including the lower Himalayan foothills, with a disjunct population in Vietnam.

Red-billed blue magpie
The red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythroryncha) is a species of bird (magpie) in the crow family, Corvidae. It is about the same size as the Eurasian magpie, but has a much longer tail, one of the longest of any corvid. It is 65–68 cm (25.5–27 in) long and weighs 196–232 g (6.9–8.2 oz).
Deportation of Americans from the United States
Deportation of Americans from the United States is the wrongful expulsion, return or extradition of Americans to other countries, often after being convicted of a crime. These individuals in removal proceedings include Americans by birth and legal immigrants that were naturalized under 8 U.S.C. § 1427 or admitted as nationals of the United States under the Child Citizenship Act of 2000. A U.S. citizen cannot legally be deported, and has the legal right to return to the United States at any time.

Removal proceedings
In the United States, removal proceedings are administrative proceedings to determine an individual's removability under federal immigration law.  Removal proceedings are typically conducted in Immigration Court (the Executive Office for Immigration Review) by an immigration judge (IJ).