hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modigliani risk-adjusted performance
Modigliani risk-adjusted performance (also known as M2, M2, Modigliani–Modigliani measure or RAP) is a measure of the risk-adjusted returns of some investment portfolio. It measures the returns of the portfolio, adjusted for the risk of the portfolio relative to that of some benchmark (e.g., the market). We can interpret the measure as the difference between the scaled excess return of our portfolio P and that of the market, where the scaled portfolio has the same volatility as the market. It is derived from the widely used Sharpe ratio, but it has the significant advantage of being in units of percent return (as opposed to the Sharpe ratio – an abstract, dimensionless ratio of limited utility to most investors), which makes it dramatically more intuitive to interpret.

Sharpe ratio
In finance, the Sharpe ratio (also known as the Sharpe index, the Sharpe measure, and the reward-to-variability ratio) measures the performance of an investment such as a security or portfolio compared to a risk-free asset, after adjusting for its risk. It is defined as the difference between the returns of the investment and the risk-free return, divided by the standard deviation of the investment returns. It represents the additional amount of return that an investor receives per unit of increase in risk.

It was named after William F. Sharpe, who developed it in 1966.
Connor's Mill
Connor's Mill is a steam driven flour mill located on Stirling Terrace in Toodyay, Western Australia.

The mill is still operational; the Shire of Toodyay protected the then dilapidated building in 1975 and established the Toodyay Tourist Centre. It is now one of the town's main tourist attractions.

Shire of Toodyay
The Shire of Toodyay is a local government area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, beyond the north-eastern limits of the Perth metropolitan area. The Shire covers an area of 1,694 square kilometres (654 sq mi), and its seat of government is the town of Toodyay.
Dave Roller
David Euell Roller (born October 28, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). Prior to his professional career, Roller played college football for the Kentucky Wildcats, where he received multiple commendations for his athletic accomplishments, including induction into the Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame. Roller was selected by the New York Giants in the 13th round of the 1971 NFL draft as the 330th overall pick. He played for the Giants for one season, before a brief stint playing in the World Football League. He returned to the NFL in 1975 with the Green Bay Packers, where he would go on to play for four seasons. He left Green Bay in 1979 to play for the Minnesota Vikings for two seasons before retiring from professional football. Altogether, Roller played in the NFL for seven seasons and appeared in 92 games.

Kentucky Wildcats football
The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football. The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Wildcats play their home games at Kroger Field in Lexington, Kentucky and are led by first-year head coach Will Stein.
John Weatherhead
John Weatherhead (1775 – 29 July 1797) was an officer of the Royal Navy. He served during the long campaign in the Mediterranean as part of a division under the command of Samuel Hood. He was with Lord Nelson in Corsica in 1794 when he nearly succumbed to dysentery and malaria. Weatherhead was present at the Battle of Cape St Vincent and was mortally wounded during the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood
Admiral Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood  (12 December 1724 – 27 January 1816) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. As a junior officer he saw action during the War of the Austrian Succession. While in temporary command of Antelope, Hood drove a French ship ashore in Audierne Bay, and captured two privateers in 1757 during the Seven Years' War. He held senior command as Commander-in-Chief, North American Station and then as Commander-in-Chief, Leeward Islands Station.

During the American Revolutionary War, Hood led the British fleet to victory at the Battle of the Mona Passage in April 1782. He went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, then First Naval Lord and, after briefly returning to the Portsmouth command, became Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet during the French Revolutionary Wars. His younger brother was Admiral Alexander Hood, 1st Viscount Bridport (1726–1814), and his first cousin once-removed was Admiral Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet (1762–1814).
Demas Range
The Demas Range (75°0′S 133°45′W﻿ / ﻿75.000°S 133.750°W﻿ / -75.000; -133.750﻿ (Demas Range)) is a range about 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) long that forms the lower east margin of the Berry Glacier in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. The range trends north–south culminating in Mount Goorhigian, 1,115 metres (3,658 ft) high.

Getz Ice Shelf
The Getz Ice Shelf (74°15′S 125°00′W﻿ / ﻿74.250°S 125.000°W﻿ / -74.250; -125.000﻿ (Getz Ice Shelf)) is an ice shelf over 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) long and from 20 to 60 nautical miles (37 to 111 km; 23 to 69 mi) wide, bordering the Hobbs Coast and Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, between the McDonald Heights and Martin Peninsula. 
Several large islands are partially or wholly embedded in the ice shelf.
John O'Connell Bligh
John O'Connell Bligh (3 March 1834 – 12 October 1880) was a Native Police officer in the British colonies of New South Wales and Queensland. He achieved the rank of Commandant of this colonial paramilitary force from 1861 to 1864. Bligh is probably best known for an incident in Maryborough, where he shot a number of Aboriginal Australians along the main street and into the adjoining Mary River. After retiring from the Native Police, Bligh became a police magistrate in the towns of Gayndah and Gympie.

Mary River (Queensland)
The Mary River (Gubbi Gubbi: Moocooboola) is a major river system in the South East and Wide Bay–Burnett regions of Queensland, Australia. It is the sixth longest coastal river in the state and unique in that it flows south to north.

It is home to three threatened species, the Mary River turtle, white-throated snapping turtle and the Mary River cod. The Mary River was to be dammed with the construction of the Traveston Crossing Dam until it was cancelled due to environmental concerns. The river has experienced major floods in 1955, 1974, 1992, 1999, 2011, 2013 and 2022.
Hapoel Jerusalem F.C.
Hapoel Jerusalem Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל הפועל ירושלים, Mo'adon Kaduregel Hapoel Yerushalayim) is an Israeli professional football club based in Jerusalem. It competes in the Israeli Premier League, the top flight of Israeli football. Founded in 1926, their home ground is the Teddy Stadium.
As a protest against the conduct of the club's owners since the 1990s, the Hapoel Katamon Jerusalem football club was established in 2007, the first football club in Israel owned by its fans. The club was named after Katamon Stadium, which was formerly used by Hapoel Jerusalem. The club existed in parallel with Hapoel Jerusalem for 12 years.

In 2019 Hapoel Jerusalem was disbanded and in August 2020, Hapoel Katamon acquired the rights to the name Hapoel Jerusalem and officially became Hapoel Jerusalem. Since then, the club is owned by its fans and is managed by a board of seven members.

The team's record achievement is winning the State Cup and third place in the First League in 1973.

Israel State Cup
The Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina), is a knockout cup competition in Israeli football, run by the Israel Football Association (IFA).

The State Cup was first held in 1928 as the People's Cup. Because it involves clubs of all standards playing against each other, there is the possibility for "minnows" from the lower divisions to become "giant-killers" by eliminating top clubs from the tournament, although lower division teams rarely reach the final.

The last below the top-flight club to make the final was Maccabi Netanya in 2014, they have since been promoted to the Israeli Premier League.

Hapoel Be'er Sheva are the current Israel State Cup holders, having beaten Beitar Jerusalem 2–0 in the final for their fourth title.

Maccabi Tel Aviv have 24 titles, holding the record for most titles won. Hapoel Tel Aviv in 1937–1939 and 2010–2012 are the only club to have retained the State Cup for three consecutive seasons.
Fusarium wilt
Fusarium wilt is a common vascular wilt fungal disease, exhibiting symptoms similar to Verticillium wilt. This disease has been investigated extensively since the early years of this century. The pathogen that causes Fusarium wilt is Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). The species is further divided into formae speciales based on host plant.

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Pronunciationⓘ) is a fungal plant pathogen that causes Panama disease of banana (Musa spp.), also known as Fusarium wilt. The fungi and the related disease are responsible for widespread pressure on banana growing regions, destroying the economic viability of several commercially important banana varieties.
James Whitfield (bishop)
James Whitfield, PSS (November 3, 1770 – October 19, 1834) was an English-born Catholic prelate who served as archbishop of Baltimore from 1828 until his death in 1834. He was a member of the Sulpicians.

A businessman from a wealthy English family, Whitfield enter a Catholic seminary in France as an adult in the early 1800s and was ordained a priest in the Sulpician Order in 1809. After serving as a priest in England for several years, he traveled to Maryland in 1817 to serve in the Diocese of Baltimore. He was rector of the cathedral and vicar general of archdiocese until being appointed archbishop in 1828.

Whitfield is known for hosting the first two provincial councils of American bishops, where policies for running the new American Catholic Church were established. He is also known for spending his personal fortune to build churches and sponsor priests, and for his assistance to the African-American community.

Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice
The Society of Priests of Saint-Sulpice (French: Compagnie des Prêtres de Saint-Sulpice; PSS), also known as the Sulpicians, is a society of apostolic life of Pontifical Right for men, named after the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, where it was founded. The members of the Society add the nominal letters PSS after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation. Typically, priests become members of the Society of the Priests of St. Sulpice only after ordination and some years of pastoral work. The purpose of the society is mainly the education of priests and to some extent parish work. As their main role is the education of those preparing to become priests, Sulpicians place great emphasis on the academic and spiritual formation of their own members, who commit themselves to undergoing lifelong development in these areas. The Society is divided into three provinces, operating in various countries: the Province of France, Canada, and the United States.
Beautiful Stories for Ugly Children (album)
Beautiful Stories for Ugly Children is the sixth studio album by American heavy metal band Mushroomhead. The album was released on September 28, 2010 by Megaforce Records. The first single from the album "Come On", was released on August 16, 2010. It is the band's final album to feature Pig Benis on bass and Gravy on guitar, and it is the only album to feature Lil Dan on percussion.

Dave Felton
David Felton (born february 25, 1967), known professionally as Gravy, is an American guitarist who is best known as a member of the Cleveland, Ohio-based heavy metal band Mushroomhead. He currently plays in another Cleveland-based heavy metal band Space Chupacabra.
Da Vinci Systems
da Vinci Systems was an American digital cinema technology company based in Coral Springs, Florida. It was founded in 1984 as a spinoff of Video Tape Associates (VTA), a production and post-production facility that had begun developing in-house post-production systems in 1982. The company became known for its color correction and color grading systems, as well as digital mastering and film restoration technologies. Its products were used widely in television and film post-production.

In 1986, the company was acquired by Dynatech, following a corporate merger, Dynatech was renamed Acterna, which continued to hold da Vinci Systems. In 2005, Acterna was acquired by JDS Uniphase, which inherited da Vinci Systems as part of the transaction. In 2009, the financially troubled JDSU sold the company to Blackmagic Design, which merged it into its operations. Blackmagic Design has continued development of da Vinci's flagship software under the name DaVinci Resolve.

JDSU
JDS Uniphase Corporation (JDSU) was an American company that designed and manufactured products for optical communications networks, communications test and measurement equipment, lasers, optical solutions for authentication and decorative applications, and other custom optics. It was headquartered in Milpitas, California. In August 2015, JDSU split into two different companies – Viavi Solutions and Lumentum Holdings.
Muang Loei United F.C.
Muang Loei United Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลเมืองเลย ยูไนเต็ด), is a Thai football club based in Mueang, Loei, Thailand. The club was the champion in the 2016 Football Division 3 of North Eastern Region and was promoted to Thai League 4 North Eastern Region. The club was formed in 2012 and entered the Thai Football Division 3 in 2016. The club was renamed from Wang Saphung Football Club. The club is currently playing in the Thai League 3 Northeastern region.

Thai League 4
Thai League 4 (Thai: ไทยลีก 4), commonly known as the T4, was the fourth level association football league in Thailand. In 2009, it was divided into five groups by geographic region. Each group contained 16 clubs except for the Southern Region group which contained 13 clubs. It was sponsored by AIS and therefore officially known as the AIS Regional League Division 2. In 2016, Khor Royal Cup became a trophy for Regional League Division 2.

In 2017, Football Association of Thailand rebranded the league to Thai League 4.
Kevin Goodan
Kevin Goodan is an American poet and professor. His most recent book is Spot Weather Forecast (Alice James Books, 2021). His first book, In the Ghost-House Acquainted, won a New England/New York Award from Alice James Books, as well as the 2005 L.L. Winship/PEN New England Award. His poems have been published in Ploughshares, Colorado Review, Crazyhorse, Mid-American Review, American Poet Magazine, Cutbank, and other journals.

Raised on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Western Montana, Goodan began working for the U.S. Forest Service at a young age. He has lived in Northern Ireland and western Massachusetts. He received his M.F.A. degree from the MFA Program for Poets & Writers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and his B.A. degree from the University of Montana. He has taught at the University of Connecticut and as Visiting Writer at Wesleyan University. He was formerly employed at Lewis-Clark State College, and is currently an adjunct professor at Colby-Sawyer College.

PEN New England Award
The PEN New England Award (previously L. L. Winship/PEN New England Award and Laurence L. & Thomas Winship/PEN New England Award) is awarded annually by PEN New England (today PEN America Boston) to honor a New England author or book with a New England setting or subject. The award was established in 1975 by The Boston Globe in conjunction with PEN to honor the veteran Boston Globe editor Laurence L. Winship.

Since 2005, the award has been presented in three categories: fiction, non-fiction, and poetry with each winner receiving $1,000. For one year in 2012, the award was called the Laurence L. & Thomas Winship/PEN New England Award in honor of father and son, Thomas Winship, both long-time Boston Globe editors. It was renamed to simply PEN New England Award starting with the 2013 award.

The award presentation is sponsored in part by the JFK Presidential Library. The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world.
Yuna Nagaoka
Yuna Nagaoka (長岡 柚奈, Nagaoka Yuna; born July 13, 2005) is a Japanese pair skater. With partner Sumitada Moriguchi, she is the 2026 Four Continents bronze medalist, the 2025 Asian Winter Games bronze medalist, the 2025 CS Kinoshita Group Cup bronze medalist, and a two-time Japanese national champion. She represented Japan at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

2026 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2026 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships took place from 21 to 25 January at the National Indoor Stadium in Beijing, China. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
Jacobus Verster
Lieutenant-General Jacobus Verster SSA SM (1919–1981) was a South African military commander.  He joined the South African Air Force in 1936, and served in World War II.  He was Chief of the Air Force from 1967 to 1975.

Southern Cross Medal (1952)
The Southern Cross Medal of 1952, post-nominal letters SM, is a South African military decoration which was instituted by the Union of South Africa in 1952. It was awarded for outstanding devotion to duty and was originally available to all ranks, but from 1967 until July 1975, when it was discontinued, it was reserved for officers.
Doehling–Heselton Memorial Trophy
The Doehling–Heselton Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the winner of the Division III college football game between Ripon College Red Hawks and the Lawrence University Vikings. The Ripon-Lawrence rivalry is the oldest college football rivalry in the state of Wisconsin dating back to 1893. The game is the 14th oldest college football rivalry in the nation. Ripon holds a 70–46–7 advantage in the series.

Lawrence University
Lawrence University is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1847, its first classes were held on November 12, 1849. Lawrence was the second college in the U.S. to be founded as a coeducational institution.
Wigan urban area
The Wigan Urban Area is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics consisting of the built-up, or 'urbanised' area containing Wigan in Greater Manchester and Skelmersdale in West Lancashire.

The Urban Area includes the integrated conurbation around Wigan, (containing the contiguous areas of Ince-in-Makerfield and Wigan itself), along with the outlying areas of Standish, Abram and the West Lancashire town of Skelmersdale.

The Wigan Urban Area has a total population of 175,405. This is an increase of 5% on the 2001 figure of 166,840.

Ince-in-Makerfield
Ince-in-Makerfield or Ince  is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. The population of the Ince ward at the 2011 census was 13,486, but a southern part of Ince was also listed under the Abram ward (north of Warrington Road in this ward). Adding on this area brings the total in 2011 to 15,664.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, Ince is contiguous to Wigan and is a residential suburb divided by a railway line into two separate areas, Higher Ince and Lower Ince.  From 1894 Ince was an urban district of the administrative county of Lancashire and in 1974 became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan.
The Murderbot Diaries
The Murderbot Diaries is a science fiction series by American author Martha Wells, published by Tor Books. The series is told from the perspective of the titular cyborg guard, a "SecUnit" owned by a futuristic megacorporation. SecUnits include "governor" modules that control and punish the constructs if they take any actions not approved by the company. The ironically self-named "Murderbot" hacked and disabled the module but pretends to be a normal SecUnit, staving off the boredom of security work by watching media. As it spends more time with a series of caring entities (both humans and artificial intelligences), it develops genuine friendships and emotional connections, which it finds inconvenient.

Cyborg
A cyborg (/ˈsaɪbɔːrɡ/) is a being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts. It is a portmanteau of cybernetic and organism. The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. In contrast to biorobots and androids, the term cyborg applies to a living organism that has undergone restoration of function or enhancements of abilities due to the integration of some artificial component or technology that relies on feedback.
Sergey Aleksandrovich Popov
Sergey Aleksandrovich Popov (Russian: Сергей Александрович Попов; born 21 July 1949) is a Russian politician, who was a member of the Federation Council of Omsk Oblast on legislative authority between 29 September 2016 and February 2018, a member of the State Duma of the IV-VI convocations, a member of the United Russia party.

4th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 4th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации IV созыва) is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 4th convocation met chiefly at the State Duma building in Moscow (however, several meetings took place at the Tauride Palace in St. Petersburg); it worked from December 7, 2003 to December 24, 2007.

The 4th State Duma's composition was based upon the results of the 2003 parliamentary election. Of the twenty–four parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the 5% election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system and another party was held in the State Duma by winning a few electoral districts.
Jeff Webster (checkers player)
James Jefferson "Jeff" Webster III (born 1966) is an American competitive checkers player and Democratic official. He was the National Youth Checkers Champion in 1981 and the World Youth Checkers Champion in 1982. In January 2024, Webster was appointed as Chair of the Democratic Party of Rockingham County, North Carolina.

Rockingham County, North Carolina
Rockingham County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 91,096. Its county seat is Wentworth. The county is known as "North Carolina's North Star".
Ashley Nazira
Ashley Nazira (born 11 November 1995) is a Mauritian professional footballer, who plays as a forward for the Mauritius national football team. He played for San Diego Loyal SC, an American professional soccer team based in San Diego, California, during the 2020 USL Championship season. Since 2025, he now plays for Pamplemousses SC, in the Mauritian Premier League.

Mauritius national football team
The Mauritius national football team (Morisyen: Lekip nasional foutborl Moris), nicknamed Club M and Les Dodos (The Dodos), is the national team of Mauritius. They are overseen by the Mauritius Football Association, which is a member of FIFA, the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and the Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA). The head coach is Guillaume Moullec.

Their most significant achievements are qualification for the 1974 African Cup of Nations, and winning the Indian Ocean Island Games football tournament in 1985 and 2003. They have also been a finalist in this competition in 1990, 2011 and 2019.