hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boychukism
Boychukism is a cultural and artistic phenomenon in the history of Ukrainian art of 1910–1930s, distinguished by its artistic monumental-synthetic style.

The basis of Boychuk's concept of the development of new art was an appeal to the traditions of Byzantine and Italian monumental painting, as well as middle-age Rus' icon painting, as the primary source of the Ukrainian national form.

The name comes from the name of the founder of the movement: Mykhailo Boychuk, a muralist and graphic artist. Boychuk, as well as several other artists, made Soviet propaganda and promoted communism. However, Boychuk was labelled as a "bourgeois nationalist" and he was executed.

At the end of 1925, the Association of Revolutionary Art of Ukraine (ARIU) was founded in Kyiv, uniting Boychukists.

Mykhailo Boychuk
Mykhailo Lvovych Boychuk (Ukrainian: Миха́йло Льво́вич Бойчу́к; 30 October 1882 – 13 July 1937) was a Ukrainian monumentalist and modernist painter. He is considered a representative of the generation of the Executed Renaissance.
Conviction (2004 TV series)
Conviction is a British television crime drama that premiered on BBC Three on 7 November 2004. The six-part series stars William Ash, David Warner, Ian Puleston-Davies, Reece Dinsdale, Nicholas Gleaves, Laura Fraser, Jason Watkins and Zoe Henry.

The series was created and was written by Bill Gallagher (previously known for Clocking Off and Out of the Blue), produced by Red Production Company, and directed by Marc Munden (Vanity Fair, Canterbury Tales: The Knight's Tale). The producer was Ann Harrison-Baxter (The Second Coming, The Cops), with Nicola Shindler and Gareth Neame as executive producers for Red Production Company and the BBC respectively.

The storyline was later used as the basis for the movie Blood, starring Paul Bettany, Mark Strong and Brian Cox.

Blood (2012 film)
Blood is a 2012 thriller film directed by Nick Murphy and written by Bill Gallagher. The plot is about two brothers who are policemen and charts the moral collapse of a police family. The two brothers, played by Paul Bettany (Joe Fairburn) and Stephen Graham (Christie Fairburn) must investigate a despicable crime in a small town, in the shadow of their former police chief father.

The film is a cinematic remake of the 2004 BBC television mini series Conviction, which Gallagher also wrote.
Chesterfield, Indiana
Chesterfield is a town in the U.S. state of Indiana which lies in Union Township, Madison County, and Salem Township, Delaware County. The population was 2,490 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Indianapolis–Carmel–Anderson metropolitan statistical area.

Madison County, Indiana
Madison County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. The 2020 census states the population is standing at 130,129. The county seat since 1836 has been Anderson, one of three incorporated cities within the county. Madison County is included in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
M. M. Manasi
M. M. Manasi is an Indian playback singer trained in Hindustani vocals and also dubbing artist. She has sung more than 170 songs in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Hindi, and English. Her hits in Tamil are "Stylish Thamizachi" in Aarambam, "Kattikeda" in Kaaki Sattai, "Semma Mass" in Massu, "Robo Romeo" in Tamizhuku En Ondrai Azhuthavum, "Sottavaala" in Puli, "Aatakari Maman Ponnu" in Ilayaraja's 1000th film Tharai Thappattai and "Ranjithame" in Varisu.

She won the SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer (Telugu) for ''Rangamma Mangamma'' from the 2018 Tollywood periodic-drama film Rangasthalam.

SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu
SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu is presented by Vibri media group as part of its annual South Indian International Movie Awards, for the best singing by a female playback singer/vocalist of a Telugu-language song. The award was first given in 2012 for songs and films released in 2011.
Bremervörde Castle
Bremervörde Castle (German: Schloss Bremervörde), also called Vörde Castle, in the German town of Bremervörde in northern Lower Saxony was the largest fortification in the region. It was slighted in 1682 after various military conflicts and largely demolished. Today, the surviving chancery building (Kanzleigebäude) houses a museum.

Bremervörde
Bremervörde (German pronunciation: [ˌbʁeːmɐˈføːɐ̯də] ⓘ) is a town in the north of the district (Landkreis) of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the Oste river near the centre of the "triangle" formed by the rivers Weser and Elbe, roughly equidistant from the cities of Hamburg, Bremen and Cuxhaven.
I/145 Polish Fighter Squadron
The Polish Fighter Squadron (Polish: I/145 Polski Dywizjon Myśliwski, French: Groupe de Chasse Polonais), also known by its designation GC I/145, was the largest fighter unit of the Polish Air Forces in France. Formed of Polish pilots who evaded capture by the Nazis and the Soviets in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of 1939, the unit was initially earmarked to be sent to Finland as part of the aborted plan of Allied intervention in the Winter War. Eventually it took part in the Battle of France defending the French skies along with the allied armies.

Lionel de Marmier
Lionel Alexandre Pierre de Marmier was a World War I flying ace credited with six confirmed aerial victories in World War I. He remained involved in aviation postwar, setting flying records and serving in the Spanish Civil War. At the start of World War II, he returned to his nation's service, shooting down at least one German plane. He died in an air crash on 30 December 1944. He was posthumously promoted to General.
Dancing with the Stars (New Zealand TV series) series 6
The sixth series of Dancing with the Stars premiered on 31 May 2015 on TV3, and was hosted by Dominic Bowden and Sharyn Casey. Stefano Olivieri, Hayley Holt, and Candy Lane were the series' judges; Lane served as the head judge.

Sharyn Casey
Sharyn Mary-Ellen Casey (née Wakefield; born 24 December 1985) is a radio and TV host. She has hosted The Edge's drive show, the New Zealand version of Dancing with the Stars, and was a celebrity panelist on The Masked Singer NZ.
Snake Ridge
Snake Ridge (84°49′S 66°30′W﻿ / ﻿84.817°S 66.500°W﻿ / -84.817; -66.500﻿ (Snake Ridge)) is a serpentine ridge, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) long, adjoining the northwest extremity of Mackin Table in the Patuxent Range, Pensacola Mountains.

Patuxent Range
The Patuxent Range (84°43′S 64°30′W﻿ / ﻿84.717°S 64.500°W﻿ / -84.717; -64.500﻿ (Patuxent Range)) is a major range of the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica.
It comprises the Thomas Hills, Anderson Hills, Mackin Table and various nunataks and ridges bounded by the Foundation Ice Stream, Academy Glacier and the Patuxent Ice Stream.
Duncan's new multiple range test
In statistics, Duncan's new multiple range test (MRT) is a multiple comparison procedure developed by David B. Duncan in 1955. Duncan's MRT belongs to the general class of multiple comparison procedures that use the studentized range statistic qr to compare sets of means.

David B. Duncan developed this test as a modification of the Student–Newman–Keuls method that would have greater power. Duncan's MRT is especially protective against false negative (Type II) error at the expense of having a greater risk of making false positive (Type I) errors. Duncan's test is commonly used in agronomy and other agricultural research.

The result of the test is a set of subsets of means, where in each subset means have been found not to be significantly different from one another.

This test is often followed by the Compact Letter Display (CLD) methodology that renders the output of such test much more accessible to non-statistician audiences.

Studentized range distribution
In probability and statistics, studentized range distribution is the continuous probability distribution of the studentized range of an i.i.d. sample from a normally distributed population.

Suppose that we take a sample of size n from each of k populations with the same normal distribution N(μ, σ2) and suppose that  is the smallest of these sample means and  is the largest of these sample means, and suppose s² is the pooled sample variance from these samples. Then the following statistic has a Studentized range distribution.
X/1872 X1 (Pogson)
X/1872 X1, occasionally referred to as "Pogson's Comet", was a probable cometary astronomical object seen from Madras (now Chennai) on December 3 and 4, 1872, by astronomer N. R. Pogson.

Pogson believed the object to be the lost Comet Biela, but subsequent orbital calculations have suggested that this was unlikely. Neither Biela's Comet nor Pogson's object have been recovered since, and the episode remains one of the most puzzling in solar system astronomy.

N. R. Pogson
Norman Robert Pogson, CIE (23 March 1829 – 23 June 1891) was an English astronomer who worked in India at the Madras observatory. He discovered several minor planets and made observations on comets. He introduced a mathematical scale of stellar magnitudes with the ratio of two successive magnitudes being the fifth root of one hundred (~2.512) and referred to as Pogson's ratio.
Dar el-Beida, Fez
The Dar el-Beida (Arabic: الدار البيضاء, lit. 'White House') is a royal residence in Fez, Morocco. It was originally part of a larger complex that included the nearby Dar Batha to the northeast. In 1915, the two were separated when Dar Batha was converted into a museum. Today, Dar el-Beida remains an active royal residence and is not open to the public.

Oued Fes
The Oued Fes (Arabic: واد فاس, lit. 'River of Fes') or Fez River is a river in Morocco. It is a tributary of the Sebou River and historically the main source of water for Morocco's second largest city, Fes, after which it is named.

The river consists of a number of different streams which originate in the Saïss Plain to the south and west of Fes before joining together in the area of Fes el-Bali, the old city (medina) of Fes. Over the centuries the river has been split and diverted into a multitude of canals that distributed water across the city and once powered a number of historic waterwheels. These various water channels converge into the Oued Bou Khrareb which runs through the middle of the old city and historically divided the Qarawiyyin and Andalusiyyin quarters. After the river leaves the city it runs eastwards for a short distance before joining the Sebou River. The various branches and sections of the river, including many of the man-made canals, also have their own names.
The Battle of the River Plate (film)
The Battle of the River Plate (a.k.a. Pursuit of the Graf Spee in the United States) is a 1956 British war film in Technicolor and VistaVision by the writer-director-producer team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. The film stars John Gregson, Anthony Quayle, Bernard Lee and Peter Finch. It was distributed worldwide by Rank Film Distributors Ltd.

The film's storyline concerns the Battle of the River Plate, an early World War II naval engagement in 1939 between a Royal Navy force of three cruisers and the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee.

USS Salem (CA-139)
USS Salem (CA-139) is a Des Moines-class heavy cruiser completed for the United States Navy shortly after World War II and commissioned in 1949.  The second ship of her class, she was the world's last heavy cruiser to enter service and is the last remaining. She was decommissioned in 1959 after serving in the Atlantic and Mediterranean.  She is  open to the public as a museum ship in Quincy, Massachusetts.
The Great God Brown
The Great God Brown is a play by Eugene O'Neill, first staged on January 23, 1926 at the Greenwich Theatre. O'Neill began writing notes for the play in 1922 – "Play of masks – removable – the man who really is and the mask he wears before the world" – and wrote the play between January and March 1925. Noted for its use of masks  the play was included in Burns Mantle's The Best Plays of 1925-1926. The original Broadway production was directed by James Light.

James Light (director)
James Light (1894 – February 11, 1964) was an American theatre director, actor, and educator. He is best remembered as a champion of the playwright Eugene O'Neill, and he directed many of his plays both on Broadway and in regional theaters. He was a member of the Provincetown Players, and he succeeded George Cram Cook as director of that organization in 1922. During the Great Depression, he was director of the "Philadelphia Black Unit" of the Federal Theatre Project; an organization dedicated to fighting racial discrimination in hiring practices in the American theatre by producing plays with all-black casts. He taught on the faculties of the Yale School of Drama and The New School for Social Research; serving as the dean of the drama school at the latter institution from 1939 to 1942.
Theodoros G. Orphanides
Theodoros Orphanides or Orphanidis (Greek: Θεόδωρος Ορφανίδης; 1817 – 5 August 1886) was a poet, professor, politician, author, and botanist. He was a pioneer in 19th-century Greek botany. He helped organize the botanical garden in Greece. The genus Orphanidesia is named after him. He collected 3483 specimens from 21 countries and identified 413 specimens from 9 different countries. He was a Professor of Botany at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He was one of the leading representatives of the First Athenian School. He received the Ralio award three times.

First Athenian School
The term First Athenian School (Greek: Α΄ Αθηναϊκή Σχολή) denotes the literary production in Athens between 1830 and 1880. After Greek Independence, the basic intellectual centres of the Greek world were the Ionian Islands (with the Heptanese School) and Athens, the capital of the new Greek Kingdom. Many of the leading members of the First Athenian School were of Phanariote origin, whence it is sometimes referred to as the Phanariotic School (Φαναριωτική Σχολή).

The main element of the school was Romanticism. The New Athenian School developed as a reaction against the First Athenian School from the 1880s on.
Jean de Beaugué
Jean de Beaugué, was a French soldier who served in Scotland in the 1540s during the war of the Rough Wooing. He wrote a memoir of the fighting, which first published in 1556 is still an important source for historians. Much of the book concerns the activities of the French commander in Scotland, André de Montalembert, who is often called d'Esse in British histories.

Beaugué describes the siege of Haddington, fighting at Ferniehirst Castle, and the capture of James Wilford, an English officer, amongst many incidents. However, the text does not much refer to Beaugué, and little or nothing is known of him from other sources. Jean de Beaugué dedicated his book to François de Montmorency.

Siege of Haddington
The sieges of Haddington were a series of sieges staged at the Royal Burgh of Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland, as part of the War of the Rough Wooing, one of the last Anglo-Scottish Wars. Following Regent Arran's defeat at the battle of Pinkie Cleugh on Saturday 10 September 1547, he captured the town of Haddington. The intention was to form a network of mutually supporting English forts in lowland Scotland. The English forces built artillery fortifications and were able to withstand an assault by the besieging French and Scots troops supported by heavy cannon in July 1548. Although the siege was scaled down after this unsuccessful attempt, the English garrison abandoned the town on 19 September 1549, after attrition by Scottish raids at night, sickness, and changing political circumstance.
HMS Moira
HMS Moira (or HMS Earl of Moira) was a British 14-gun schooner of the Royal Navy, that plied the waters of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River during the War of 1812 . Initially constructed for the Provincial Marine in 1805, the vessel took part in the engagements on Lake Ontario. Renamed Charwell in 1814, following the war, the vessel became a powder hulk and an accommodation vessel. The vessel was sold in 1837.

Engagements on Lake Ontario
British and American forces fought several engagements on Lake Ontario for control of the lake during the War of 1812. Ultimately, only a few actions were fought, none of which had decisive results. The contest essentially became a naval building race, sometimes referred to sarcastically as the "Battle of the Carpenters".
Joe Heenan
Sir Joseph William Allan Heenan KBE (17 January 1888 – 11 October 1951) was a New Zealand law draftsman, senior public servant, administrator and writer. He was born in Greymouth, New Zealand, on 17 January 1888.

Heenan was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal in 1935. In the 1937 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and the 1949 King's Birthday Honours, he was promoted to Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, in recognition of his service as under-secretary of Internal Affairs.

1937 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1937 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1936 and the beginning of 1937. This was the first honours list of George VI's reign, and its announcement was deferred until 1 February 1937.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
New Britain (album)
New Britain is the sixth album by Whitehouse released in 1982 by Come Organisation. Much like its title, interior artwork, and lyrical themes suggest, the album mostly deals with the subject of fascism. The album was initially released on vinyl formats, limited to only 500 copies. It was reissued on compact disc in 1996 through Susan Lawly.

Whitehouse (band)
Whitehouse were an English noise music band formed in 1980. The group is largely credited for the founding of the power electronics genre. Whitehouse was founded by vocalist William Bennett and ended as a duo consisting of Bennett and electronics player Philip Best; however, the group is perhaps best recognized for their 20-year tenure as a three-piece with synth player Peter Sotos, who joined the band in 1983 and left in 2003.
Heungdeok District
Heungdeok District (Korean: 흥덕구; RR: Hongdeok-gu) is a non-autonomous district of Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Heungdeok District was re-established from a part of Heungdeok District and a part of Cheongwon County in July 2014. The newly created Seowon District annexed the part of Heungdeok District.

Cheongju
Cheongju (Korean: 청주; Korean pronunciation: [tɕʰʌŋ.dʑu]) is the capital and largest city of North Chungcheong Province in South Korea. The 'Cheong' in the name of Chungcheong Province is the Cheong of Cheongju.
Ingerslevsgade
Ingerslevsgade is a street in the  Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It begins on the rear side of Copenhagen Central Station and follows the northwest side of the railway tracks to Enghave station. It also passes the Dybbølsbro station where Dybbøl Bridge connects it to Kalvebod Brygge and Havneholmen, Copenhagen on the other side of the railway tracks. The street is named after the politician Hans Peter Ingerslev, who was involved in the construction of the Free Port of Copenhagen.

Havneholmen, Copenhagen
Havneholmen (lit. 'The Harbour Isle') is a mixed-use development located on reclaimed land off Kalvebod Brygge in the harbor of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located just east of the shopping centre Fisketorvet from which it is separated by a narrow canal, although it is annexed to mainland Kalvebod Brygge at its southern end.

Havneholmen is connected to Islands Brygge on the other side of the harbor by Brygge Bridge, a foot and cycling bridge. Tømmergraven Canal separates it from Enghave Brygge to the south.
Bhagirathi Massif
Bhagirathi Massif or Bhagirathi Group (Hindi: भागीरथी ) is a mountain range of Garhwal Himalaya in Gangotri Glacier Uttarakhand India, It has four peaks between 6856 meter and 6193 meter. The Bhagirathi I summits is 6856 meter or 22493 feet. It was first climbed by A Japanese team in 1980. It is surrounded by Glaciers on four side on the eastern side of the Massif is Vasuki Glacier, on the western side its Gangotri Glacier the main glacier in this area, northern side is surrounded by Chaturangi Glacier and southern side guarded by Swachhhand Glacier.

The entire massif and surrounding area are protected within the 2,390 km2 (920 sq mi) Gangotri National Park, the third largest national park in India. The Gangotri National Park is home to several world-class treks, including Gangotri Gomukh Tapoban, Kerdarnath Vasuki tal trek. Har ki dun valley trek.

Silvo Karo
Silvo Karo, (born December 22, 1960) is a Slovenian mountaineer. He has climbed over 2,000 routes and has made more than 300 first ascents on mountains around the world, from Patagonia, to the Alps to the Himalayas in a mountaineering career that has spanned over 40 years. Alongside Janez Jeglič - Johan and Franček Knez he was noted for ushering in a new golden age of Slovenian mountaineering. In 2022, he was awarded the Piolet d'Or for lifetime achievement.
Peril and the Patient
Peril and the Patient is the third album by the progressive metal group Called to Arms and was released digitally through Tragic Hero Records on August 10, 2010. The ninth track off the album, entitled "Ashamed, Awake", was streamed at IndieVisionMusic for the week of May 23 as well as a five-minute teaser clip from the album.

The album is based on The Screwtape Letters written by C. S. Lewis, and many of the song titles are taken directly from lines in the book.

The album was recorded and mastered with Jamie King at the Basement Studios in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

The Screwtape Letters
The Screwtape Letters is a Christian apologetic novel by C. S. Lewis and dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien. It is written in a satirical, epistolary style and, while it is fictional in format, the plot and characters are used to address Christian theological issues, primarily those to do with temptation and resistance to it.

First published in February 1942, the story takes the form of a series of letters from a senior devil, Screwtape, to his nephew, Wormwood, a junior tempter. The uncle's mentorship pertains to the nephew's responsibility in securing the damnation of a British man known only as "the Patient".

By 1999, the novel had 26 English and 15 German editions, with around half a million copies sold.
Azmari
An Azmari (Amharic: አዝማሪ) is an entertainer who sings and plays traditional string instruments of the Ethiopian Highlands. They are comparable to medieval European minstrels, bards or West African griots.

Azmari, who may be either male or female, are skilled at singing extemporized verses, accompanying themselves on either a masenqo (one-stringed fiddle) or krar (lyre).

Krar
The krar (Geʽez: ክራር) is a five-or-six stringed bowl-shaped lyre from Ethiopia and Eritrea. It is tuned to a pentatonic scale. A modern krar may be amplified, much in the same way as an electric guitar or violin. The krar, along with the masenqo and the washint, is one of the most widespread musical instruments in Northern Ethiopia and Eritrea.