hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese
The Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese (1947), which was compiled by Yuen Ren Chao and Lien Sheng Yang, made numerous important lexicographic innovations. It was the first Chinese dictionary specifically for spoken Chinese words rather than for written Chinese characters, and one of the first to mark characters for being "free" or "bound" morphemes according to whether or not they can stand alone as a complete and independent utterance.

Bound and free morphemes
In linguistics, a bound morpheme is a morpheme (the elementary unit of morphosyntax) that can appear only as part of a larger expression, while a free morpheme (or unbound morpheme) is one that can stand alone. A bound morpheme is a type of bound form, and a free morpheme is a type of free form.
Islay Herald
Islay Herald of Arms is a Scottish herald of arms of the Court of the Lord Lyon.

The office was first mentioned in 1493. Islay is an island off the west coast of Scotland and was the headquarters of the Lord of the Isles.  When the influence of that powerful noble was broken by the King of Scots during the fifteenth century, several names associated with the Lord of the Isles were absorbed and used by the crown.

The badge of office is Two salmon hauriant embowed Proper encircling a lymphad sails furled oars in action two armed men on deck sinister Sable by a flag Gules ensigned of the Crown of Scotland Proper.

The office is currently vacant and was last held by Yvonne Holton.

Court of the Lord Lyon
The Court of the Lord Lyon, or Lyon Court,  is a standing court of law, based in New Register House in Edinburgh, which regulates heraldry in Scotland. The Lyon Court maintains the register of grants of arms, known as the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland, as well as records of genealogies.

The Lyon Court is a public body, and the fees for grants of arms are paid to His Majesty's Treasury. It is headed by the Right Honourable the Lord Lyon King of Arms, who must be legally qualified, as he has criminal jurisdiction in heraldic matters, and the court is fully integrated into the Scottish legal system, including having a dedicated prosecutor, known in Scotland as a procurator fiscal.

Its equivalent in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, in terms of awarding arms, is the College of Arms, which is a royal corporation and not a court of law. The High Court of Chivalry is a civil court in England and Wales with jurisdiction over cases dealing with heraldry.
Working cat
A working cat, also known as a mouser, is a type of domestic cat that "works" for its keep by hunting vermin, such as rodents. They are commonly employed where pest control is needed, such as barns, farms, factories, warehouses, stores, restaurants, shipyards, churchyards, and private property. Types of working cats include the bodega cat, farm cat, ship's cat, and library cat. A benefit of using a working cat is that they alleviate the need for harmful pesticides. Working cats are often placed in their environment as a part of a working cats program.

The resident cat at the British Prime Minister's home at 10 Downing Street has been given the title Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office.

Library cat
Library cats are domesticated cats that live in public libraries worldwide. The association of cats with libraries dates from at least the Middle Ages up to the present day.

Contemporary library cats have also been featured in film and literature.
Miranda (footballer, born 1984)
João Miranda de Souza Filho (born 7 September 1984), known as Miranda, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

Having begun his career at Coritiba, Miranda spent the 2005–06 season with Sochaux in France before going to Brazil to play for São Paulo. He won three consecutive Campeonato Brasileiro Série A titles, and was named in the Team of the Year four consecutive times from 2007 to 2010. In 2011, he joined Atlético Madrid, where he won domestic and European honours, leaving for Inter for €15 million four years later.

Miranda made his full international debut for Brazil in 2009 and was a member of the squad which won the Confederations Cup that year. He also played at three Copa América tournaments and the 2018 FIFA World Cup, captaining Brazil at the Copa América Centenario in 2016 and winning the 2019 Copa América.

2019 Copa América
The 2019 Copa América was the 46th edition of the Copa América, the international men's association football championship organized by South America's football ruling body CONMEBOL. It was held in Brazil and took place between 14 June and 7 July 2019 at 6 venues across the country. This was the first time since 1991 where no CONCACAF nation took part in the tournament.

Heading into the tournament, Chile were the two-time defending champions, having won the 2015 and 2016 editions of the tournament, but were eliminated by Peru in the semi-finals leading to the third place match against Argentina, which they also lost.

Host nation Brazil won their ninth title by defeating Peru 3–1 in the final. Argentina took third place by beating Chile 2–1 in the third-place match.
Mitcham Common
Mitcham Common is 182 hectares (460 acres) of common land situated in south London.  It is predominantly in the London borough of Merton, with parts straddling the borders of Croydon and Sutton. It is designated a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation.

London Borough of Merton
The London Borough of Merton (/ˈmɜːrtən/ ⓘ) is a London borough in London, England. The borough was formed under the London Government Act 1963 in 1965 by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Mitcham, the Municipal Borough of Wimbledon and the Merton and Morden Urban District, all, apart from Wimbledon, were formerly within Surrey.

The main commercial centres in Merton are Mitcham, Morden and Wimbledon, of which Wimbledon is the largest. Other smaller centres include Raynes Park, Colliers Wood, South Wimbledon and Wimbledon Park. The borough is the host of the Wimbledon tournament, one of tennis's Grand Slam competitions.

The borough derives its name from the historic parish of Merton which was centred on the area now known as South Wimbledon. The local authority is Merton London Borough Council, which is based in Morden.
Number sentence
In mathematics education, a number sentence is an equation or inequality expressed using numbers and mathematical symbols. The term is used in primary level mathematics teaching in the US, Canada, UK, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.

Inequality (mathematics)
In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size. The main types of inequality are less than and greater than (denoted by < and >, respectively the less-than and greater-than signs).
KKSM
KKSM (1320 AM) is a college radio station broadcasting full-time at 1320 kHz from the campus of Palomar College in San Marcos, California, United States. The station, licensed to nearby Oceanside, simulcasts via Cox Cable channel 957 and streams via the internet. Its format includes freeform programs, alternative rock music, and local sports and talk shows; students make up the on-air staff and handle most of the station's operations.

Palomar began broadcasting on 1320 kHz in 1996, when it was donated the former KKLQ AM. The facility had been in Oceanside since 1956 under various call letters and formats, the longest-lasting call sign being KUDE. Palomar's radio program began with the establishment of carrier current and later cable radio station "KSM" in 1976. In 2016, the station operated on a $10,000 budget from the college.

Cox Communications
Cox Communications, Inc. (also known as Cox Cable and formerly Cox Broadcasting Corporation, Dimension Cable Services and Times-Mirror Cable), is an American digital cable television provider, telecommunications and home automation services company. It is the third-largest cable television provider in the United States, serving approximately 6.5 million customers. It is also the seventh-largest telephone carrier in the country, serving 3.5 million Internet subscribers and almost 3.2 million digital telephone subscribers. Cox is headquartered at 6205 Peachtree Dunwoody Rd in Sandy Springs, Georgia, U.S., in the Atlanta metropolitan area. It is a privately owned subsidiary of Cox Enterprises.
Benjamin Kofi Ayeh
Benjamin Kofi Ayeh (born 16 November 1962) is a businessman, a Ghanaian politician and an accountant. He was a member of parliament for the Sixth Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and the Fourth Parliament of the fourth Republic of Ghana. He represented the Upper Denkyira West in the Central region of Ghana.

Upper Denkyira West (Ghana parliament constituency)
Upper Denkyira West is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one member of parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Rudolf Amoako-Gyampah is the member of parliament for the constituency. The Upper Denkyira West constituency is located in the Upper Denkyira district of the Central Region of Ghana.
Syzygium thompsonii
Syzygium thompsonii (Chamorro: atoto) is an endemic tree of the Mariana Islands of Guam, Rota, and Saipan with a striking appearance due to its abundance of white flowers and edible fruit that grow directly from the trunk.  It is related to the Malay apple but bears smaller tart fruit.

Syzygium malaccense
Syzygium malaccense is a species of flowering tree native to tropical Asia and Australia. It was cultivated from prehistoric times by the Austronesian peoples and introduced deliberately to remote Oceania as canoe plants. In modern times, it has been introduced throughout the tropics, including the Caribbean. The ripe fruit is edible but with little flavor.
Prowler (roller coaster)
Prowler is a wooden roller coaster located at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri. Manufactured by Great Coasters International, the $8-million ride opened to the public on May 2, 2009.
The ride is located in the Africa section of the park behind Zulu.

Great Coasters International
Great Coasters International, Inc. (GCI or GCII) is a Sunbury, Pennsylvania-based roller coaster manufacturer which has created several award-winning rides since its formation in 1994. Starting in 2006 with Thunderbird at PowerPark in Finland, the company expanded beyond the United States and began building coasters in Europe and Asia. Günter Engelhardt GmbH handles the company's marketing rights in Europe. In addition to building new roller coasters, GCI also refurbishes and re-tracks existing roller coasters, regardless of manufacturer.

Since its founding in 2014, American company Skyline Attractions has provided its design and engineering services to GCI and now designs and engineers all of GCI's roller coasters. The coasters are known for their often curved drops, twisted layouts, and perception of high speed. Exciting elements such as the station fly-by and station fly-through have been incorporated in many of their layouts.
Intentional Software
Intentional Software was a software company that designed tools and platforms that followed the principles of intentional programming in which programmers focus on capturing the intent of users and designers, and spend as little time as possible interacting with machines and compilers. Its tools included language workbenches, tools that separated software function from implementation, and allowed 'language-focused' development.  This allowed automatic rewriting of code as expert knowledge of implementation options changed.  The company later began developing a platform for improving productivity of software groups.

Language workbench
A language workbench is a tool or set of tools that enables software development in the language-oriented programming software development paradigm. A language workbench will typically include tools to support the definition, reuse and composition of domain-specific languages together with their integrated development environment.  Language workbenches were introduced and popularized by Martin Fowler in 2005.

Language workbenches usually support:

Specification of the language concepts or metamodel

Specification of the editing environments for the domain-specific language

Specification of the execution semantics, e.g. through interpretation and code generation
Wenzendorf
Wenzendorf is a municipality in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is also the name of the chief village of the municipality.

The area is known mainly for the airfield near the village, where the Hamburger Flugzeugbau, the aircraft manufacturing arm of Blohm & Voss, built a factory during the Nazi era.

Blohm+Voss
Blohm+Voss (B+V), also written historically as Blohm & Voss, Blohm und Voß etc., is a German shipbuilding and engineering company. Founded in Hamburg in 1877 to specialise in steel-hulled ships, its most famous product was the World War II battleship Bismarck. In the 1930s, its owners established the Hamburger Flugzeugbau aircraft manufacturer which, shortly before the outbreak of World War II, adopted the name of its parent company. Following a difficult period after the war, B+V was revived, changing ownership among several owners, such as Thyssen Group and Star Capital.

In 2016 it became a subsidiary of Lürssen and supplied both the military and civilian markets before becoming subsidiary of Rheinmetall in 2025.

The company  serves two areas – new construction of warships as NVL B.V. & Co. KG, and new construction and refitting of megayachts.
Basin Lake (Saskatchewan)
Basin Lake is an endorheic salt lake in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The lake is in the RM of Three Lakes No. 400 in the Boreal Transition ecoregion and is within an Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada and part of the Basin and Middle Lakes Bird Sanctuary. There are no communities along the lake's shore and the closest highway is Highway 20. At 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the south, Humbolt is the closest city.

Endorheic lake
An endorheic lake (also called a sink lake or terminal lake) is a collection of water within an endorheic basin, or sink, with no evident outlet. Endorheic lakes are generally saline as a result of being unable to get rid of solutes left in the lake by evaporation. These lakes can be used as indicators of anthropogenic change, such as irrigation or climate change, in the areas surrounding them. Lakes with subsurface drainage are called cryptorheic.
Truncated 8-cubes
In eight-dimensional geometry, a truncated 8-cube is a convex uniform 8-polytope, being a truncation of the regular 8-cube.

There are unique 7 degrees of truncation for the 8-cube. Vertices of the truncation 8-cube are located as pairs on the edge of the 8-cube. Vertices of the bitruncated 8-cube are located on the square faces of the 8-cube. Vertices of the tritruncated 7-cube are located inside the cubic cells of the 8-cube. The final truncations are best expressed relative to the 8-orthoplex.

Truncation (geometry)
In geometry, a truncation is an operation in any dimension that cuts polytope vertices, creating a new facet in place of each vertex. The term originates from Kepler's names for the Archimedean solids.
Nicolas Blies and Stéphane Hueber-Blies
Nicolas Blies, born on 26 September 1981 in Mulhouse (France), and Stéphane Hueber-Blies, born on 18 August 1976 in Mulhouse (France), also called Bliesbro, are two poets, musicians, filmmakers, producers and digital artists who create their works together. They are known for writing and directing the feature film Zero Impunity which was in official feature film competition at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival in 2019.

Annecy International Animation Film Festival
The Annecy International Animation Film Festival (French: Festival international du film d'animation d'Annecy, officially abbreviated in English as the Annecy Festival, or simply Annecy) was created in 1960 and takes place at the beginning of June in the town of Annecy, France. Initially occurring every two years, the festival became an annual event in 1998.
Petit Serail
The Petit Serail (Arabic: السراي الصغير / ALA-LC: as-sarāy as-ṣaghīr, literally “Little Saray”) was a historic Ottoman administrative building in Beirut that served as the seat of the wali of Syria and later of the Beirut Vilayet. It was located on the northern edge of Martyrs' Square in the heart of the Beirut Central District. The building was the site of significant political and administrative activity; however, plans to enlarge Beirut’s principal civic square ultimately led to its demolition in 1950. The Petit Serail formed part of a broader corpus of Ottoman-era construction projects that contributed to the development of the architecture of Lebanon in Beirut.

Syria vilayet
The Vilayet of Syria (Arabic: ولاية سوريا; Ottoman Turkish: ولايت سوريه, romanized: Vilâyet-i Sûriye), also known as Vilayet of Damascus, was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire.

At the beginning of the 20th century, it reportedly had an area of 62,180 square kilometres (24,009 sq mi), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,000,000. The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.
Linus Media Group
Linus Media Group Inc. (LMG) is a privately held Canadian digital media entertainment company with a focus on technology, founded by Linus Sebastian and Yvonne Ho in 2012. The company owns and operates several technology-oriented YouTube channels and podcasts, most notably Linus Tech Tips (LTT), as their production agency and distributor. Linus Tech Tips was later developed into an internet forum on January 2, 2013.

LMG's other channels include Techquickie, TechLinked, ShortCircuit, and GameLinked.

After ten years as the CEO, Sebastian stepped down effective July 1, 2023, replaced by Terren Tong. Sebastian and his wife, Yvonne Ho, remain the owners, and Sebastian transitioned to chief visionary officer.

Chief visionary officer
A chief visionary officer or chief vision officer (CVO) is an executive function in a company like a CEO or COO. The title is sometimes used to formalize a high-level advisory position and other times used to define a higher-ranking position than that held by the CEO. In some cases, the CVO is added to the CEO-title (for CEO/CVO status), much in the same way that people with multiple university degrees list them after their names.
Shandilya Upanishad
The Shandilya Upanishad (Sanskrit: शाण्डिल्य उपनिषत्, IAST: Śāṇḍilya Upaniṣad) is a Sanskrit text and one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. It is one of twenty Yoga Upanishads in the four Vedas, and is attached to the Atharvaveda.

The text is primarily focussed on Yoga techniques, and is among the most detailed in the Upanishadic corpus of texts dedicated to Yoga. It describes ten Yamas (ethical don'ts, restraints), ten Niyamas (ethical to do list, observances) and eight Asanas (postures), along with three Pranayamas, five types of Pratyaharas, five kinds of Dharana, two types of Dhyana and one Samadhi.

Dhāraṇā
Dhāraṇā (Sanskrit: धारणा) is the sixth limb of eight elucidated by Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga or Raja Yoga in his Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. It is directing and maintaining the mind's attention to a specific location of the body after sense-withdrawal has been attained.
Johnson Stage Station
The Johnson Stage Station, between Gunnison, Colorado and Lake City, Colorado, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

It is the site of a stage station built in 1878 and is located at the junction of routes south to the mining town of Lake City, north to Sapinero, and northeast to Gunnison.  Charley Johnson based his freight service there and also provided layover shelter for travelers and other freight haulers.

The station was bought in 1890 by Nathan C. Carr and sons, who developed it as a productive ranch.  The station became the residence and headquarters of the family's sawmill and ranching operations.  The site also includes a family cemetery.

Ownership was transferred to the Bureau of Land Management in 1997.

In 2015 a historic structure assessment was done of four historic cabins at the site.

It is located about 2.2 miles (3.5 km) north of the junction of County Road 64 & Colorado State Highway 149.

Gunnison, Colorado
Gunnison is a home rule municipality that is the county seat of and the most populous municipality in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 6,560 at the 2020 United States census. The city was named in honor of John W. Gunnison, a United States Army officer who surveyed for a transcontinental railroad in 1853. Gunnison is a college town, home to Western Colorado University.
Marcus Stock
Marcus Stock (born 27 August 1961) is an English bishop of the Catholic Church who has been the tenth Bishop of Leeds  since 2014. In 2025 he was appointed apostolic administrator to the Diocese of Middlesbrough, in addition to his role in Leeds.

Roman Catholic Bishop of Leeds
The Bishop of Leeds is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds in the Province of Liverpool, England.

The Vicariate Apostolic of the Yorkshire District was elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Beverley on 29 September 1850, which was suppressed on 20 December 1878 and its area was divided into the dioceses of Leeds and Middlesbrough.

The Diocese of Leeds covers an area of 4,075 km2 (1,600 sq mi) and consists of "the whole of West Yorkshire (with the exception of the parish of Todmorden) together with parishes in the East Riding, North Yorkshire, Greater Manchester and Lancashire."
The see is in the city of Leeds where the bishop's seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Anne, Cookridge Street.

On 15 September 2014, Pope Francis appointed Monsignor Marcus Stock, at the time, the General Secretary of the Bishops' Conference, as the 10th Bishop of Leeds. He was consecrated as Bishop on 13 November 2014.
George Sellery
George Clarke Sellery (January 21, 1872 – January 21, 1962) was dean of the University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science and acting president of the university for six months after Glenn Frank's ouster. Prior to these posts, he was a history professor educated at the University of Toronto and the University of Chicago. In his role as dean, he was known as a sharp critic of the University of Wisconsin Experimental College program.

Glenn Frank
Glenn Frank (October 1, 1887 – September 15, 1940) was a president of the University of Wisconsin–Madison and The Century Magazine's editor-in-chief. He graduated from Northwestern University in 1912 and became Edward Filene's personal assistant, where he wrote two books on the side. He joined The Century Magazine as an associate editor and became its editor-in-chief in three years, which gave his views on education a wide audience. He was tapped to the University of Wisconsin's presidency in 1925, where he introduced the Experimental College before being ousted in 1937. Frank became involved in Wisconsin politics and ran for the state's United States Senate seat, but died with his son in a car accident two days before the Republican Party primary.
Clément Grenier
Clément Jean Camille Grenier (born 7 January 1991) is a French professional footballer. He has also represented France at senior and across all youth levels.

Grenier plays in central midfield, as well as in the attacking midfield position just behind the striker. He is known for his technical ability, dribbling, and free-kick taking.

France national youth football team
The France national youth football team are the national under-21, under-20, under-19, under-18, under-17 and under-16 football teams of France and are controlled by the French Football Federation. The youth teams of France participate in tournaments sanctioned by both FIFA and UEFA and also participates in world, regional, and local international tournaments.