hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerund
In linguistics, a gerund (/ˈdʒɛrənd, -ʌnd/ abbreviated ger) is any of various nonfinite verb forms in various languages; most often, but not exclusively, it is one that functions as a noun. The name is derived from Late Latin gerundium, meaning "which is to be carried out". In English, the gerund has the properties of both verb and noun, such as being modifiable by an adverb and being able to take a direct object. The term "-ing form" is often used in English to refer to the gerund specifically. Traditional grammar makes a distinction within -ing forms between present participles and gerunds, a distinction that is not observed in such modern grammars as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language and The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.
Wales Gas Board
The Wales Gas Board was a state-owned utility area gas board providing gas for light and heat to industries and homes in Wales.

It was established on 1 May 1949 under the terms of the Gas Act 1948, and dissolved in 1973 when it became a region of the newly formed British Gas Corporation, British Gas Wales, as a result of the Gas Act 1972.

Gas board
The area gas boards were created under the provisions of the Gas Act 1948 enacted by Clement Attlee's post-war Labour government. The act nationalised the British gas industry and also created the Gas Council.
DJ A-Tron
Aaron Williams (born April 10, 1993), best known as DJ A-Tron, is an American DJ, radio host, web personality, event producer, and entrepreneur. He was referred to by the LA Weekly as "The Twerk King". A-Tron has toured nationally and internationally, performing as the personal DJ for RJmrLA and 03 Greedo, and has appeared at major festivals and award events including the Grammy Awards and BET Awards. In April 2024, he headlined and sold out his “DJ A-Tron & Friends” concert at the Observatory in Santa Ana, California, in partnership with Live Nation. His business portfolio also includes a creative marketing and branding agency, as well as an online jewelry store, The Work Shop.

RJMrLA
Rodney Jerome Brown Jr. (born September 24, 1984), known professionally as RJMrLA (stylized as RJmrLA; or simply RJ), is an American rapper from Los Angeles, California. He is known for his frequent collaborations with fellow West Coast artists YG and Mustard, and was signed to their respective labels: 4Hunnid Records and 10 Summers Records.
Kanamemo
Kanamemo (Japanese: かなめも) is a Japanese four-panel comic strip written and illustrated by Shoko Iwami (石見翔子). The strip has been serialized in Houbunsha's seinen manga magazine Manga Time Kirara Max since April 19, 2007. It is about Kana Nakamachi and her growing experience as a newspaper deliverer, cook, and orphan.

The anime adaptation premiered in Japan on July 5, 2009, by Feel.

Feel (animation studio)
Feel, Inc. (有限会社フィール, Yūgen-gaisha Fiiru; stylized as feel.) is a Japanese animation studio founded in 2002. The studio is a subsidiary of Fun-Media, a Holdings company, who also owns animation studios Assez Finaud Fabric and Zexcs, which are also located in the same building as Feel.
Veruturris
Veruturris is an extinct genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea, currently unassigned to a family. Fossils of the genus date to between the Late Eocene and middle Miocene, and have been found in strata in South Australia and Victoria.

Veruturris quadricarinata
Veruturris quadricarinata is an extinct species of marine gastropod mollusc in the superfamily Conoidea, currently unassigned to a family. Fossils of the species date to the middle Miocene, and are found in the Port Phillip Basin, and the Muddy Creek Formation of Victoria, Australia.
WDR Rundfunkchor Köln
The WDR Rundfunkchor Köln (West German Radio Choir Cologne) is the choir of the German broadcaster Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR), based in Cologne. It was founded in 1947. The choir premiered works by contemporary composers including Arnold Schoenberg's unfinished opera Moses und Aron in 1954, Karlheinz Stockhausen's Momente, Luigi Nono's Il canto sospeso, Bernd Alois Zimmermann's Requiem für einen jungen Dichter and Penderecki's St Luke Passion.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Aldik
Aldik was a regional retail chain of grocery supermarkets located in the Lublin and Masovian Voivodeship. The headquarters of the supermarket is located in Lublin.

The Aldik retail chain company held and operated the regional Lublin bakery "7 zbóż".

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Ratelgat
The farm Ratelgat which was previously known as Luiperdskop, is located on the West Coast of South Africa. The farm has a very strong connection to the Griqua people as it is the site where Griqua prophet Andrew Abraham Stockenstrom le Fleur I (Die Kneg) is buried.

There is an annual pilgrimage to Ratelgat undertaken by Griqua people in May, ending with the celebration of Ratelgat Day.

Griqua people
The Griquas are a subgroup of mixed-race heterogeneous formerly Afrikaans-speaking nations in South Africa with a unique origin in the early history of the Dutch Cape Colony. Like the Boers, they migrated inland from the Cape and in the 19th century established several states in what is now South Africa and Namibia. The Griqua consider themselves South Africa’s first multiracial nation with people descended directly from Dutch settlers in the Cape, and local peoples.
Murrumbeena railway station
Murrumbeena station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines, part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the south-eastern suburb of Murrumbeena, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Murrumbeena is an elevated premium station, featuring an island platform with two faces. It opened on 14 May 1879, with the current station provided in June 2018.

Elevated railway
An elevated railway or elevated train (also known as an el train or el for short) is a railway with the tracks above street level on a viaduct or other elevated structure (usually constructed from steel, cast iron, concrete, or bricks). The railway may be a broad-gauge, standard-gauge or narrow-gauge railway, rapid transit, light rail, monorail, or a suspension railway. Elevated railways are normally found in urban areas that would otherwise require impracticably many level crossings. Usually, the tracks of elevated railways that run on steel viaducts can be seen from street level.
Alison Schumacher
Alison Schumacher (born 22 November 2002) is a Canadian figure skater who competes in women's singles. She is the 2020 Canadian national silver medallist. She has represented Canada at four ISU Championships, finishing within the top ten at two World Junior Championships (2019, 2020).

2020 Canadian Figure Skating Championships
The 2020 Canadian Tire National Skating Championships were held on January 13–19, 2020, in Mississauga, Ontario. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance on the senior, junior, and novice levels. Although the official International Skating Union terminology for female skaters in the singles category is ladies, Skate Canada uses women officially.  The results were part of the Canadian selection criteria for the 2020 World Championships, the 2020 Four Continents Championships, and the 2020 World Junior Championships.

Mississauga was announced as the host in January 2019. The city previously hosted the event in 2013 and has also previously hosted Skate Canada International four times (2000, 2003, 2011, and 2016). Competitors qualified at the Skate Canada Challenge held in Edmonton, Alberta in December 2019 or earned a bye.
2008 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 2008 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 100th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Ballycran entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 5 October 2008 at McKenna Park, between Ballygalget and Portaferry, in what was their first meeting in the final in four years. Ballygalget won the match by 2–13 to 0–08 to claim their 17th championship title overall and a first title in three years.

Ballycran
St Joseph's GAA Club, Ballycran, referred to mononymously as Ballycran, is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in the Ards Peninsula, County Down, Northern Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Down County Board and fields teams in both hurling and camogie.
1971 Jordan League
The 1971 Jordanian  League (known as the Jordanian  League, was the 21st season of Jordan League since its inception in 1944, In the 1971, it was called the First Division League. Al-Faisaly won its 12th title.

Al-Faisaly SC
Al-Faisaly Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الفيصلي الرياضي) is a Jordanian professional football club based in Amman. Founded in 1932, the club competes in the Jordanian Pro League, the top flight of Jordanian football. Nicknamed "the Blue Eagles", they were founded as Al-Ashbal Club in 1932 .

They won 85 official titles, 35 league titles, 21 Jordan FA Cups, 17 Jordan Super Cups, and 10 Jordan FA Shield s being the record holder for all these competitions,  and 2 AFC Cups. Their rivals are Al-Wehdat, a club formed by a Palestinian refugee camp in Amman.
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
Eloisa Biasotto Mano (October 24, 1924 – June 8, 2019) was a Brazilian chemist and full university professor. She was a specialist in polymers, and enjoyed worldwide recognition for her work. She was a recipient of the National Order of Scientific Merit.

National Order of Scientific Merit
The National Order of Scientific Merit (Portuguese: Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico) is an honor bestowed upon Brazilian and foreign personalities recognized for their scientific and technical contributions to the cause and development of science in Brazil. It was instituted on March 16, 1993, by Decree no. 772, and then later updated on February 6, 2002, by Decree no. 4.115. The honors are given by either the Grand Master or Order Chancellor on June 13 of each year, which commemorates the birth of José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva.
Simon Dore
Simon Dore (born 30 July 1969) is a retired professional kickboxer from Leicester, England. Dore was a former WKN world heavyweight kickboxing champion who fought most of his career under 'full-contact' rules but would also compete under 'free-style' (low kicks) rules and fought twice in K-1.

Kickboxing weight classes
Kickboxing weight classes are weight classes that pertain to the sport of kickboxing.

Organizations will often adopt their own rules for weight limits, causing ambiguity in the sport regarding how a weight class should be defined. For a variety of reasons (largely historical), weight classes of the same name can be of vastly different weights. For example, a boxing middleweight weighs up to 72 kg (160 lb), an ISKA middleweight upper limit is 75 kg (165 lb), and a K-1 middleweight upper limit is 70 kg (154 lb).
JCSAT-17
JCSAT-17 is a geostationary communications satellite operated by SKY Perfect JSAT Group. The satellite was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin Space on the LM-2100 platform, and was launched on 18 February 2020 on an Ariane 5. The satellite mainly provides service to Japan and the surrounding regions. Utilizing several S-band transponders with a flexible processor, the satellite has the capability to redirect communications capacity to concentrate on disaster relief efforts or other high-volume events.

Lockheed Martin Space
Lockheed Martin Space  is one of the four major business divisions of Lockheed Martin. It has its headquarters in Littleton, Colorado, with additional sites in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania; Sunnyvale, California; Santa Cruz, California; Huntsville, Alabama; and elsewhere in the United States and United Kingdom. The division employs about 20,000 people, and its products include commercial and military satellites, space probes, missile defense systems, NASA's Orion spacecraft, and the Space Shuttle external tank.
The Mermaid and the Boy
The Mermaid and the Boy is a Sámi fairy tale first collected in the mid-19th century. It tells the story of a prince unknowingly promised to a mermaid before he was born, then obtains magical powers to transform into animals later in the story.

Rash promise
The rash promise, also blind promise or rash boon is a promise given without considering its consequences.  Fictionally, it is a plot device to compel characters to actions they do not wish for.   It is a common motif in medieval and folk literature, especially fairy tales.  It is classified in the Motif-Index of Folk-Literature as motif M223.
Jacquetta of Luxembourg
Jacquetta of Luxembourg (1415/1416 – 30 May 1472) was a prominent figure in the Wars of the Roses. Through her short-lived first marriage to the Duke of Bedford, brother of King Henry V, she was firmly allied to the House of Lancaster. However, following the emphatic Lancastrian defeat at the Battle of Towton, she and her second husband Richard Woodville sided closely with the House of York. Three years after the battle and the accession of Edward IV of England, Jacquetta's eldest daughter Elizabeth Woodville married him and became queen consort of England. Jacquetta bore Woodville 14 children and stood trial on charges of witchcraft, of which she was exonerated.

Katherine Neville, Duchess of Norfolk
Katherine Neville (c. 1397 – late summer 1483) was a medieval English noblewoman, the eldest daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and his second wife Joan Beaufort. Through her mother, she was a granddaughter of John of Gaunt and a great-granddaughter of King Edward III.
Diamond Mine (professional wrestling)
Diamond Mine was a professional wrestling stable that performed in WWE on the NXT and Raw brands. The group was formed in June 2021, where it was originally led by Roderick Strong and also included Hachiman. The name and logo were derived from the original formation of Malcolm Bivens and Tyler Rust, where Bivens gave him the nickname Diamond in the Rust followed by pounding their fists. Strong was a former one-time NXT Cruiserweight Champion whereas The Creed Brothers were former one-time NXT Tag Team Champions. The stable was quietly disbanded in 2024 when The Creed Brothers and Ivy Nile joined the American Made stable led by Chad Gable.

NXT Tag Team Championship
The NXT Tag Team Championship is a men's professional wrestling tag team championship created and promoted by the American promotion WWE. It is defended on NXT, the promotion's developmental brand. The current champions are The Vanity Project (Brad Baylor and Ricky Smokes), who are in their first reign, both as a team and individually. They won the titles by defeating DarkState (Osiris Griffin and Saquon Shugars) on the February 24, 2026, episode of NXT.

Established on January 23, 2013, the inaugural championship team was British Ambition (Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey). In September 2019, the company began promoting NXT as its "third brand" when the NXT television program was moved to the USA Network. Two years later, however, NXT reverted to its original function as WWE's developmental brand. In September 2022, the NXT UK Tag Team Championship was unified into the NXT Tag Team Championship.
Throstle (horse)
Throstle (1891–1910) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Born partially blind and considered a likely candidate for euthanasia as a foal she nevertheless proved herself one of the two best fillies of her generation in Britain. She showed considerable promise despite failing to win in three starts as a juvenile in 1893 and began her second season by running sixth to Amiable in the 1000 Guineas. In the summer of her second season she made rapid progress, winning the Coronation Stakes and Nassau Stakes as well as finishing fourth against very strong male opposition in the Eclipse Stakes. Poor form in training led to her starting at odds of 50/1 for the St Leger but she created a huge upset by defeating the Epsom Derby winner Ladas. She failed to win again and was retired from racing in 1895. She had little success as a dam of winners.

St Leger Stakes
The St Leger Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile, 6 furlongs and 115 yards (2,921 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

Established in 1776, the St Leger is the oldest of Britain's five Classic races. It is the last of the five to be run each year, and its distance is longer than any of the other four.

The St Leger is the final leg of the English Triple Crown, which begins with the 2000 Guineas and continues with the Derby. It also completes the Fillies Triple Crown, following on from the 1000 Guineas and The Oaks. The St Leger has rarely featured Triple Crown contenders in recent decades, with the only one in recent years being the 2012 2,000 Guineas and Derby winner Camelot, who finished second in the St Leger.
Christopher Layton
Christopher Layton (March 8, 1821 – August 7, 1898) was a Mormon colonizer and Patriarch who founded the cities of Kaysville, Utah; Layton, Utah; and Thatcher, Arizona.  Layton, Utah, is named after him.

Kaysville, Utah
Kaysville is a city in Davis County, Utah. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area. The population was 32,945 at the time of the 2020 census.

Kaysville is home to the USU Botanical Gardens, which also serve as an extension location and distance education center for Utah State University.
MAC spoofing
MAC spoofing is a technique for changing a factory-assigned Media Access Control (MAC) address of a network interface on a networked device. The MAC address that is hard-coded on a network interface controller (NIC) cannot be changed. However, many drivers allow the MAC address to be changed. Additionally, there are tools which can make an operating system believe that the NIC has the MAC address of a user's choosing. The process of masking a MAC address is known as MAC spoofing.  Essentially, MAC spoofing entails changing a computer's identity, for any reason.

Network interface controller
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface controller built into the motherboard or contained in a USB-connected dongle, although network cards remain available.

Modern network interface controllers offer advanced features such as interrupt and DMA interfaces to the host processors, support for multiple receive and transmit queues, partitioning into multiple logical interfaces, and on-controller network traffic processing such as the TCP offload engine.
Christian Hutin
Christian Hutin (born 18 January 1961 in Lille, Nord) is a  French politician and member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Nord department as the Member of Parliament for Nord's 13th constituency,  and is a member of the Citizen and Republican Movement.

Elected mayor of Saint-Pol-sur-Mer in 1995 as part of the Rassemblement pour la République, he joined the Mouvement des Citoyens in 1999. He supported Jean-Pierre Chevènement in the 2002 presidential election and joined the Pôle républicain.

Vice President of the Urban Community of Dunkirk, he became a regional councillor in Nord-Pas-de-Calais in 2004 before being elected a député from Nord in the 2007 legislative elections, the sole MRC representative in the National Assembly.

On 9 December 2021, he announced he would not seek election in the 2022 French legislative election.

Deputy (France)
Deputies (French: députés and députées, pronounced [depyte] ⓘ), also known in English as members of Parliament (MPs), are the legislators who sit in the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. The 17th and current legislature of the Fifth Republic has a total of 577 deputies, elected in 577 constituencies across metropolitan (539) and overseas France (27), as well as for French residents overseas (11).
Jovan Haye
Jovan Haye (born June 21, 1982) is the defensive ends coach for the Vanderbilt Commodores. A former American football defensive lineman, Haye was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the sixth round of the 2005 NFL draft. He played college football at Vanderbilt.

Haye was also a member of the Cleveland Browns, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Tennessee Titans and Detroit Lions.

Vanderbilt Commodores football
The Vanderbilt Commodores football program represents Vanderbilt University in the sport of American football. The Commodores compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) within the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They are led by head coach Clark Lea. Vanderbilt plays their home games at FirstBank Stadium, located on the university's Nashville, Tennessee campus.