hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1st Sussex Engineers
The 1st Sussex Engineers was a Volunteer unit of Britain's Royal Engineers raised in Eastbourne in 1890. It became the engineer component of the 44th (Home Counties) Division of the Territorial Force, but its units saw action with Regular Army formations on the Western Front, at Salonika and in Italy during the First World War, and in North Russia and Turkey after the war ended. During the Second World War, its units were in the Battle of France and at Alamein, in Sicily, on D Day and the subsequent campaign in North West Europe, including the Rhine crossing. Detached companies fought in Tunisia, Italy, and Burma, where one was involved in the decisive Battle of Kohima and the assault crossing of the Irrawaddy. The unit continued in the postwar Territorial Army until 1967.

Tunisian campaign
The Tunisian campaign (also known as the Battle of Tunisia) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African campaign of the Second World War, between Axis and Allied forces from 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943. The Allies consisted of British Imperial Forces, including a Greek contingent, with American and French corps. Despite initial successes by the German and Italian forces brought from the mainland and which had withdrawn into and occupied Tunisia after their defeat in the Western Desert and the success of Operation Torch, massive supply interdiction efforts and Allied assaults from east and west led to the decisive defeat of the Axis. Over 260,000 German and Italian troops were taken as prisoners of war, including most of the Afrika Korps.
Velódromo Panamericano
The Pan American Velodrome is a Velodrome located in Tlaquepaque, near Guadalajara, Mexico.  It hosted the track cycling events at the 2011 Pan American Games.  It has a capacity of 1,932,  a wooden track and has been described as one of the best velodromes in Latin America.  It gained UCI approval in October 2011 after removing two pillars to improve sight lines. The Velodrome is approximately 1550 metres above sea level

After the games it will be used as high performance training center.

Cycling at the 2011 Pan American Games
Cycling competitions at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara was held from October 15 to October 22 at the Pan American Velodrome (Track), Guadalajara Circuit (Road), Pan American Mountain Bike Circuit in Tapalpa and CODE San Nicolás (BMX).
Laxman Mahadeo Chitale
Laxman Mahadeo Chitale, (1892-1960) was an Indian architect, author and one of the first Indian associates of the Royal Institute of British Architects. He was the architect of several landmark buildings in India such as the Life Insurance Corporation of India building, Chennai, Ram Mohan Palace, Kochi which was once the seat of the High Court of Kerala, Subramania Bharati Monument, Ettayapuram, Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar and the Reserve Bank of India building, Nagpur. The Government of India honoured him in 1957, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his services to the nation.

Life Insurance Corporation
The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is an Indian public sector life insurance company headquartered in Mumbai. It is India's largest insurance company and its largest institutional investor with total assets under management worth ₹54.52 lakh crore (US$640 billion) as of March 2025. It is under the ownership of Government of India and administrative control of the Ministry of Finance.

The Life Insurance Corporation of India was established on 1 September 1956, when the Parliament of India passed the Life Insurance of India Act, nationalising the insurance industry in India. Over 245 insurance companies and provident societies were merged.

LIC reported 290 million policyholders as of 2019, a total life fund of ₹28.3 lakh crore (US$401.87 billion). The company also reported having settled 26 million claims in 2018–19. It ranked 98th on the 2022 Fortune Global 500 list with a revenue of ₹775,283 crore (US$98.63 billion) and a profit of ₹4,415 crore (US$561.67 million).
Vasily Anisimoff
Vasily Onisimovich Afanasiev (Russian: Васи́лий Они́симович Афана́сьев, a.k.a. Vasily Anisimovich Anisimoff Russian: Васи́лий Ани́симович Ани́симов; 1878 - 1938) was a revolutionary and a propagandist of Marxism as well as a prominent activist and supporter of the Russian and international Socialist movement. He was among the active members of the RSDLP and was a Menshevik. In 1925, Anisimoff became the deputy head of the economic department of the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy of the RSFSR, managing the "Exportles" trust.

Anisimoff was the younger brother of a famous Soviet pedagogue Pyotr Afanasiev, grandfather of the Soviet writer Vladimir Amlinsky, and the great-grandfather of the composer and physicist Vladimir Anisimoff

Supreme Soviet of the National Economy
The Supreme Soviet of the National Economy or Superior Soviet of the People's Economy (Russian: Высший совет народного хозяйства, ВСНХ, romanized: Vysshiy sovet narodnogo khozyaystva, VSNKh, Vesenkha or Vesenka) was the superior state institution for management of the economy of the RSFSR and later of the Soviet Union. There were two institutions with this name, at different times, 1917–1932 and 1963–1965.
Admiralty, Hong Kong
Admiralty (金鐘; Gāmjūng) is the eastern extension of the central business district (adjacent to, but separate from, Central) on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It is located on the eastern end of the Central and Western District, bordered by Wan Chai to the east and Victoria Harbour to the north.

The name of Admiralty refers to the former Admiralty Dock in the area which housed a naval dockyard. The dock was later demolished when land was reclaimed and developed northward as the naval base HMS Tamar. The Cantonese name, Kam Chung (金鐘), lit. "Golden Bell", refers to a gold-coloured bell that was used for timekeeping at Wellington Barracks.

HMS Tamar (shore station)
HMS Tamar (Chinese: 添馬艦) was the name for the British Royal Navy's base in Hong Kong from 1897 to 1997. It took its name from HMS Tamar, a ship that was used as the base until replaced by buildings ashore.
Newfoundland and Labrador Route 230
Route 230 is the main Bonavista Peninsula Highway, commencing from Route 1 (the Trans Canada Highway) at Thorburn Lake, about 10-15 kilometres north of Clarenville and proceeding all the way to Bonavista at the end of the Peninsula. The highway also carries the designation of Discovery Trail.

Newfoundland and Labrador Route 1
Route 1 is a highway in the Canada province of Newfoundland and Labrador, and is the easternmost stretch of the Trans-Canada Highway. Route 1 is the primary east–west road on the island of Newfoundland.

The eastern terminus of Route 1 is St. John's.  From there, the highway crosses the island 903 kilometres (561 mi) to Channel-Port aux Basques, its western terminus.

From there, the Trans-Canada Highway is carried across the Cabot Strait by ferry to North Sydney, Nova Scotia.
Albion (1783 ship)
Albion was launched at Liverpool in 1783. She made two voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people before she was sold to a Bristol merchant. She then made two more enslaving voyages. In 1793 as she was on the homeward-bound leg of her fourth voyage a vessel ran into her and Albion's crew abandoned her. She then drifted to Salem, Massachusetts, where she was recovered. She was sold in Boston.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Lipstick (Charlie Puth song)
"Lipstick" is a song by American singer-songwriter Charlie Puth, released by Atlantic Records on August 18, 2023. Puth wrote it with songwriter Jacob Kasher Hindlin and its producers, Happy Perez and Pop Wansel. It was originally intended to be the lead single from his upcoming fourth studio album. Later, "Changes" replaced it as the lead single.

Happy Perez
Nathan "Happy" Perez is an American record producer, audio engineer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. He was first credited on Young Bleed's debut album All I Have in This World, Are... My Balls and My Word in 1998. He co-wrote and produced his first hit song with Baby Bash's 2003 single "Suga Suga", which peaked at number seven  on the US Billboard Hot 100. He has since been credited on releases for Halsey, the Weeknd, Chris Brown, Miley Cyrus, Kehlani, the Kid Laroi, Ludacris, Flo Rida, Mariah Carey, G-Eazy, and Juice Wrld.

Perez has worked extensively with R&B singer Miguel, producing his 2010 sleeper hit "Sure Thing". In 2018, he became acquainted with fellow producer Benny Blanco and co-produced his 2018 single "Eastside", as well as a number of his productions since then. Perez dropped out of high school to make music.
Time–frequency analysis for music signals
Time–frequency analysis for music signals is one of the applications of time–frequency analysis. Musical sound can be more complicated than human vocal sound, occupying a wider band of frequency. Music signals are time-varying signals; while the classic Fourier transform is not sufficient to analyze them, time–frequency analysis is an efficient tool for such use.  Time–frequency analysis is extended from the classic Fourier approach.  Short-time Fourier transform (STFT), Gabor transform (GT) and Wigner distribution function (WDF) are famous time–frequency methods, useful for analyzing music signals such as notes played on a piano, a flute or a guitar.

Short-time Fourier transform
The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is a Fourier-related transform used to determine the sinusoidal frequency and phase content of local sections of a signal as it changes over time. In practice, the procedure for computing STFTs is to divide a longer time signal into shorter segments of equal length and then compute the Fourier transform separately on each shorter segment. This reveals the Fourier spectrum on each shorter segment.  One then usually plots the changing spectra as a function of time, known as a spectrogram or waterfall plot, such as commonly used in software defined radio (SDR) based spectrum displays. Full bandwidth displays covering the whole range of an SDR commonly use fast Fourier transforms (FFTs).
Carmanor (of Crete)
In Greek mythology, Carmanor or Karmanor (Ancient Greek: Καρμάνωρ Karmánōr) was a Cretan priest who purified Apollo after he killed the Delphic dragon Python. He was the father of two children: Eubuleus and Chrysothemis, possibly by Demeter. According to Walter Burkert, the name Carmanor "does not appear to be Greek".

Walter Burkert
Walter Burkert (German: [ˈbʊɐ̯kɐt]; 2 February 1931 – 11 March 2015) was a German scholar of Greek mythology and cult.

A professor of classics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, he taught in the UK and the US.  He has influenced generations of students of religion since the 1960s, combining in the modern way the findings of archaeology and epigraphy with the work of poets, historians, and philosophers. He was a member of both the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

He published books on the balance between lore and science among the followers of Pythagoras, and more extensively on ritual and archaic cult survival, on the ritual killing at the heart of religion, on mystery religions, and on the reception in the Hellenic world of Near Eastern and Persian culture, which sets Greek religion in its wider Aegean and Near Eastern context.
Rebecca Rhynhart
Rebecca Rhynhart (born September 29, 1974) is an American politician from Pennsylvania. A member of the Democratic Party, she served as the City Controller of Philadelphia from 2018 to 2022. Prior to running for City Controller, Rhynhart worked in Philadelphia city government as City Treasurer and Budget Director in the administration of Mayor Michael Nutter. Prior to joining city government, Rhynhart worked in public financing at Fitch Ratings and then as a managing director for municipal derivatives at investment bank Bear Stearns, just prior to the financial collapse of 2008.

Michael Nutter
Michael Anthony Nutter (born June 29, 1957) is an American politician who served as the 98th Mayor of Philadelphia from 2008 to 2016. A member of the Democratic Party, he is also a former member of the Philadelphia City Council from the 4th district and had served as the 52nd Ward Democratic Leader until 1990. Nutter also served as the President of the United States Conference of Mayors from 2012 to 2013, and is a former member of the Homeland Security Advisory Council.

Currently, he is the David N. Dinkins Professor of Professional Practice in Urban and Public Affairs at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University.
Cadima
The Caisse d’Aide aux Immigrants Marocains or Cadima (Hebrew: קדימה, 'forward') was the clandestine Zionist apparatus that arranged and oversaw the mass migration of Moroccan Jews to Israel from 1949 to 1956, during the final years of French colonial rule in Morocco.: 164  Cadima was administered by Jewish Agency and Mossad Le'Aliyah agents sent from Israel, with assistance from local Moroccan Zionists. It was based out of an office in Casablanca and operated cells in large cities as well as a transit camp along the road to al-Jadida, from which Jewish migrants would depart for Israel via Marseille.

Mossad LeAliyah Bet
The Mossad LeAliyah Bet (Hebrew: המוסד לעלייה ב', lit. 'Institution for Immigration B') was a branch of the paramilitary organization Haganah in British Mandatory Palestine, and later the State of Israel, that operated to facilitate Jewish immigration to British Palestine. During the Mandate period, it was facilitating illegal immigration in violation of governmental British restrictions. It operated from 1938 until four years after the founding of the State of Israel in 1952. It was funded directly by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the JDC), and was not subject to the control of the Jewish Agency who operated their own Aliyah department headed by Yitzhak Rafael.

The Yishuv referred to legal immigration as "Aliyah Alef" (Alef is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, corresponding to the Latin A), whilst clandestine immigration was referred to as "Aliyah Bet" (Bet is the second letter, corresponding to the Latin B).
Horsh Ehden
34°18′30″N 35°58′59″E﻿ / ﻿34.30833°N 35.98306°E﻿ / 34.30833; 35.98306

Horsh Ehden is a nature reserve located in Northern Lebanon. It contains a forest of the cedar of Lebanon, making it a part of the country's cultural and natural heritage. It is located on the northwestern slopes of Mount Lebanon, the nature reserve experiences high precipitation and is home to numerous rare and endemic plants. Stands of cedars also include a mixed forest of juniper, fir, and the country's last protected community of wild apple trees. In the forest are endangered eastern imperial eagles or Bonelli's eagles, gray wolves, wildcats, golden jackals, and red foxes. Valleys and gorges also have wild orchids, salamanders, mushrooms, and other flora and fauna.

Cedrus libani
Cedrus libani, commonly known as cedar of Lebanon, Lebanon cedar, or Lebanese cedar (Arabic: أرز لبناني, romanized: ʾarz lubnāniyy), is a species of large evergreen conifer in the genus Cedrus, which belongs to the pine family and is native to the mountains of the Eastern Mediterranean basin. Known for its longevity, height, and durable wood, it has held profound significance for millennia. The tree features in ancient Mesopotamian and Israelite literature, notably in the Hebrew Bible, according to which the tree was used in the construction of the Jerusalem Temple by Solomon, who received the trees from Hiram of Tyre. Today, it is the national emblem of Lebanon and is widely used as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens.
2010 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships – Division II
The 2010 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship Division II was a pair of international ice hockey tournaments organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. Division II represents the third level of the 2010 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

2010 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
The 2010 World Junior Hockey Championships (2010 WJHC), was the 34th edition of Ice Hockey World Junior Championship. The tournament was hosted by Saskatoon and Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, from December 26, 2009, to January 5, 2010. Saskatoon had hosted the tournament once before, in 1991. The medal round, as well as all Canada's preliminary round games, took place in Saskatoon at the Credit Union Centre. The arena underwent renovations and upgrades before the 2010 tournament, including an increase in capacity. Other games were played at the Brandt Centre in Regina, which also received upgrades. In addition, pre-tournament exhibition games were held in other towns and cities throughout the province as well as Calgary, Alberta. In the gold medal match, the United States to win their second gold medal and first since 2004, after defeated the pre-tournament favourites and host country Canada 6–5 in overtime on a goal by John Carlson.
Matthew Robinson (footballer, born 1974)
Matthew Richard Robinson (born 23 December 1974) is an English football manager and former professional footballer.

As a player, he was a full back who notably played in the Premier League for Southampton, before switching to rivals Portsmouth. He later played in the Football League for Reading and Oxford United before moving into non-league football with Forest Green Rovers and Totton.

He later had a spell as player/manager of Swindon Supermarine, before later joining Chippenham Town as a coach.

A.F.C. Totton
Amalgamated Football Club Totton is a football club based in Totton, Hampshire, England. The club is affiliated to the Hampshire Football Association and is an FA Standard Chartered club. They are currently members of the National League South and play at the Testwood Stadium.
Tim Moore (comedian)
Tim Moore (December 9, 1887 – December 13, 1958) was an American vaudevillian and comic actor of the first half of the 20th century. He gained his greatest recognition in the starring role of George "Kingfish" Stevens in the CBS TV's The Amos 'n' Andy Show. He proudly stated, "I've made it a point never to tell a joke on the stage that I couldn't tell in front of my mother."

Freeman Gosden
Freeman Fisher "Gozzie" Gosden (May 5, 1899 – December 10, 1982) was an American radio comedian, actor and pioneer in the development of the situation comedy form. He is best known for his work in the Amos 'n' Andy radio series.
Dominique Baffier
Dominique Baffier is a French archaeologist and prehistorian who specialises in Paleolithic cave paintings, or parietal art. She is known for her work at the Arcy-sur-Cure cave complex and for her subsequent role as curator of the Chauvet Cave from 2000 to 2014.

Caves of Arcy-sur-Cure
The caves of Arcy-sur-Cure are a series of caves located on the commune of Arcy-sur-Cure, Burgundy, France. Some of them contained archaeological artefacts, from the Mousterian to Gallo-Roman times.

Some hold remarkable parietal art, the second oldest presently known after those of the Chauvet Cave. Another notable characteristic of these caves is the time-long series of pollen, related to determined and consistent archaeological levels.

Between 1947 and 1963, they were searched by the French prehistorians Arlette and André Leroi-Gourhan. Listed monument historique (Heritage Monument) in 1992, they are partially open to the public.
HIP 57274 d
HIP 57274 d is an exoplanet orbiting the K-type main sequence star HIP 57274 about 84.5 light-years (26 parsecs, or nearly 8.022×1016 km) from Earth in the constellation Cetus. It orbits within the outer part of its star's habitable zone, at a distance of 1.01 AU. The exoplanet was found by using the radial velocity method, from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.

HIP 57274
HIP 57274 is a star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major with a system of three planets. It is invisible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 8.96. The distance to this system is 84.4 light years based on stellar parallax, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +30 km/s. The star has a relatively high rate of proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at the rate of 0.382 arcsecond/year.

This is an ordinary K-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of K5V. It appears to be older than the Sun with an age of roughly eight billion years and is spinning slowly with a projected rotational velocity of under 1 km/s. The star has 73% of the mass of the Sun and 68% of the Sun's radius. The abundance of elements heavier than helium is about the same or slightly higher than in the Sun. The star is radiating just 19% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,640 K.
Susanna Montgomerie, Countess of Eglinton
Susanna Montgomerie, Countess of Eglinton (1690 – 18 March 1780) was the third wife of Alexander Montgomerie, 9th Earl of Eglinton. She lived as a widow for nearly 51 years before dying at Auchans, Scotland in 1780, aged 90. She signed herself as S. Eglintoune.

Auchans Castle, Ayrshire
Auchans Castle, House, House of Auchans  or Old Auchans, is a mock military mansion, Category A listed, T-plan building of a late 16th-century date converted to the L-plan during the early-to-mid-17th century; its ruins stand about 1 km W of Dundonald, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Parish of Dundonald. It was held at various times by the Wallace, Cochrane and Montgomerie families.
Chris Greisen
Christopher J. Greisen (born July 2, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL), NFL Europe, Arena Football League (AFL), and United Football League (UFL). He is the current coach for West De Pere High School. He was selected by the Arizona Cardinals in the seventh round of the 1999 NFL draft. He was also a member of the Washington Redskins and Dallas Cowboys of the NFL, the Rhein Fire of NFL Europe, the Green Bay Blizzard of the af2, the Dallas Desperados, Georgia Force, and Milwaukee Iron of the AFL, and the Florida Tuskers and Virginia Destroyers of the UFL. He played college football for the Northwest Missouri State Bearcats.

Jon Kitna
Jon Kelly Kitna (born September 21, 1972) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Seattle Seahawks, Cincinnati Bengals, Detroit Lions, and Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the Central Washington Wildcats and was signed by the Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 1996. He is currently the head football coach at Lakota East High School in Ohio.
Presentation of the Virgin Mary Holy Metropolitan Church
The Presentation of the Virgin Mary Holy Metropolitan Church, also known as the Cathedral of Chania and as the Trimartiri Cathedral, is a Greek Orthodox cathedral, located in Athinagora Square in the old town of Chania in Crete, Greece. It was originally built during the late period of Ottoman era, commenced in 1850 and completed in 1860.

The cathedral serves as the seat of the metropolitan bishop of Kydonia and Apokoronas, vacant since April 2025.

Church of Crete
The Church of Crete (Greek: Εκκλησία της Κρήτης) is an Eastern Orthodox church, comprising the island of Crete in Greece. The Church of Crete is semi-autonomous (self-governing) under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. The current archbishop of Crete is Eugenios II.