hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jagdstaffel 19
Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 19 was a World War I "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 92 verified aerial victories, including ten wins over enemy observation balloons.

In turn, their casualties for the war would amount to eleven pilots killed in action, four wounded in action, and one taken prisoner of war.

Wounded in action
Wounded in action (WIA) describes combatants who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during wartime, but have not been killed. Typically, it implies that they are temporarily or permanently incapable of bearing arms or continuing to fight. Generally, the Wounded in Action are far more numerous than those killed. Common combat injuries include second and third-degree burns, broken bones, shrapnel wounds, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, nerve damage, paralysis, loss of sight and hearing, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and limb loss.

For the U.S. military, becoming WIA in combat generally results in subsequent conferral of the Purple Heart, because the purpose of the medal itself (one of the highest awards, military or civilian, officially given by the American government) is to recognize those killed, incapacitated, or wounded in battle.
Zaur Nudiraliyev
Zaur Ismayil oglu Nudiraliyev (Azerbaijani: Zaur İsmayıl oğlu Nudirəliyev; 1 September 1978 – 4 October 2020) was an Azerbaijani military officer, colonel who served in the Air Forces of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces. He had participated in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and was killed during the Aras Valley campaign. Nudiraliyev had received the title of the Hero of the Patriotic War.

Hero of the Patriotic War
The Hero of the Patriotic War (Azerbaijani: Vətən Müharibəsi Qəhrəmanı) is the highest title in Azerbaijan. The title was created by the law "Regulations on the title of "Hero of the Patriotic War" of the Republic of Azerbaijan" dated 26 November 2020 and the decree of the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev dated 1 December 2020. It was established on the occasion of Azerbaijan being the victor in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. Its recipient is also awarded with the Hero of the Patriotic War Medal.

The title of Hero of the Patriotic War is conferred by the President of Azerbaijan on his own initiative, or on the proposal of the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the State Border Service, the State Security Service, and the Foreign Intelligence Service of Azerbaijan. This title can only be awarded once. The Heroes of the Patriotic War enjoy the benefits established by law.
Chinese Baseball Association
The Chinese Baseball Association (CBA; Chinese: 中国棒球协会; pinyin: Zhōngguó Bàngqiú Xiéhuì) is a national sports organization representing China in the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC) and the Baseball Federation of Asia. Founded in 1979, the CBA is headquartered in Beijing and is responsible for the development and promotion of baseball in China. The CBA organizes and oversees the national baseball leagues and teams, including Chinese Professional Baseball (CPB), the China Baseball League (CBL) and the China National Baseball League (CNBL). It also selects and trains the national baseball team, which competes in international tournaments. The CBA has its headquarters in Beijing and is led by a National Council. The CBA also has special committees for coaches, judges, scientific research, and news.

Chinese Professional Baseball
Chinese Professional Baseball (CPB; Chinese: 中国棒球城市联赛; pinyin: Zhōngguó Bàngqiú Chéngshì Liánsài) is the top-tier professional baseball league in China. The league was formed in 2025 and began play on January 1, 2026, co-existing with the state-run China Baseball League as the main professional league in the nation. It is organized by Shanghai-based CoolBang Sports.
Battle of Syrjäntaka
Battle of Syrjäntaka was a 1918 Finnish Civil War battle fought on 28–29 April in Syrjäntaka, Tuulos, between the German Baltic Sea Division and the Finnish Red Guards. Thousands of Red refugees were fleeing east, while they were blocked by a small unit of Germans at a highway crossing in the small village of Syrjäntaka. After hours of desperate fighting, the Reds managed to break through and continue their journey. The Battle of Syrjäntaka and the preceding battle in Hauho were the only battles the Germans lost during their one-month military campaign in Finland. They were also the last Red victories of the 1918 civil war. The battle itself was totally unnecessary. It had no effect on the result of the war and neither side gained anything as the fleeing Reds were captured only a couple of days later.

Hauho
Hauho is a former municipality of Finland. It was situated in the province of Southern Finland and is today a part of the region of Kanta-Häme.

Hauho was amalgamated with the municipality of Hämeenlinna on 1 January 2009. Prior to the amalgamation, Hauho – which was unilingually Finnish – had had a population of 3,934 (31 December 2008) and covered an area of 443.13 square kilometres (171.09 sq mi) of which 86.42 square kilometres (33.37 sq mi) was water. The population density was 11.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (29/sq mi).

It has been calculated that Hauho lies at Finland's "population-centre" (Weber point), that is to say: the point in Finland closest on average to the place of residence of every inhabitant of the country.

Lakes Iso-Roine, Hauhonselkä, and Ilmoilanselkä are located in Hauho.
Champagny-en-Vanoise
Champagny-en-Vanoise (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃paɲi ɑ̃ vanwaz], lit. 'Champagny in Vanoise'; Arpitan: Champègni) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.
It is also known for the skiing and snow-boarding slopes.

Savoie
Savoie (French pronunciation: [savwa]; Arpitan: Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl, lit. 'Lower Savoy'; Italian: Savoia; Occitan: Savòia; English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.

Together with Haute-Savoie, it is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine, with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde, tartiflette, génépi, as well as various sorts of saucisson.
Canad Inns
Canad Corporation of Manitoba Ltd. is a Winnipeg-based hospitality company. It owns or operates ten hotels in Canada and one in the United States, with all but one of its properties (a Radisson hotel in downtown Winnipeg) operating under the Canad Inns Destination Centre branding.

Alongside its hotels, it also operates a number of restaurant, tavern, and event venues—most of which co-located as part of Canad Inns locations.

Radisson Hotels
Radisson Hotels is a multi-brand hotel chain with a worldwide presence. Its brands include several using the Radisson name, as well as other brands like Park Plaza Hotels & Resorts and Country Inn & Suites.

In June 2022, Radisson Hotel Group agreed to sell Radisson Hotels Americas (consisting of the Radisson franchise agreements, operations and intellectual property in the United States, Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean) to Choice Hotels for $675 million. The deal closed on August 11, 2022. Radisson Hotel Group continues to own the brands in the rest of the world.
Catherine Pickstock
Catherine Jane Crozier Pickstock (born 1970) is an English philosophical theologian. Best known for her contributions to the radical orthodoxy movement, she has been Norris-Hulse Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge since 2018 and a fellow and tutor of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. She was previously Professor of Metaphysics and Poetics.

Philosophical theology
Philosophical theology is both a branch and form of theology in which philosophical methods are used in developing or analyzing theological concepts. It therefore includes natural theology as well as philosophical treatments of orthodox and heterodox theology. Philosophical theology is also closely related to the philosophy of religion.
Hughes–Drever experiment
Hughes–Drever experiments (also clock comparison-, clock anisotropy-, mass isotropy-, or energy isotropy experiments) are spectroscopic tests of the isotropy of mass and space. Although originally conceived of as a test of Mach's principle, they are now understood to be an important test of Lorentz invariance. As in Michelson–Morley experiments, the existence of a preferred frame of reference or other deviations from Lorentz invariance can be tested, which also affects the validity of the equivalence principle. Thus these experiments concern fundamental aspects of both special and general relativity. Unlike Michelson–Morley type experiments, Hughes–Drever experiments test the isotropy of the interactions of matter itself, that is, of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The accuracy achieved makes this kind of experiment one of the most accurate confirmations of relativity (see also Tests of special relativity).

Preferred frame
In theoretical physics, a preferred frame or privileged frame is usually a special hypothetical frame of reference in which the laws of physics might appear to be identifiably different (simpler) from those in other frames.

In theories that apply the principle of relativity to inertial motion, physics is the same in all inertial frames, and is even the same in all frames under the principle of general relativity.
Pasukan Manguni Makasiouw
Pasukan Manguni Makasiouw (lit. 'Manguni Makasiouw Troops'), also known as Brigade Manguni (lit. 'Manguni Brigade'), is an Indonesian Christian militia established in North Sulawesi. It was involved in the Poso riots, Maluku sectarian conflict, and the 2023 Bitung clashes.

Poso riots
The Poso riots (Indonesian: Kerusuhan Poso), also known as Poso communal conflict (Indonesian: Konflik Komunal Poso), is a name given to a series of riots that occurred in Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This incident involved a group of Muslims and Christians in the region and was divided into three stages. The first Poso riot took place from 25 to 29 December 1998, the second from 17 to 21 April 2000, and the final one from 16 May to 15 June 2000.

On 20 December 2001, the Malino I Declaration was signed between the two conflicting parties, initiated by Jusuf Kalla, officially concluding the conflict.
Daewoo
Daewoo (UK: /ˈdeɪ.uː/ DAY-oo; US: /ˌdeɪˈwuː/ day-WOO; Korean: 대우; Hanja: 大宇; IPA: [tɛ.u]; lit. "great universe" and a portmanteau of "dae" meaning great, and the given name of founder and chairman Kim Woo-choong) also known as the Daewoo Group, was a major South Korean chaebol (type of conglomerate) and automobile manufacturer.

It was founded on 22 March 1967 as Daewoo Industrial and was declared bankrupt on 1 November 1999, with debts of about US$50 billion (equivalent to $97 billion in 2025). Prior to the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Daewoo was the third largest conglomerate in South Korea, behind the Hyundai Group and Lucky-Goldstar (later became LG Corporation). There were about 20 divisions under the Daewoo Group, some of which survived as independent companies.

Chaebol
A chaebol (Korean: 재벌 [tɕɛbɔɭ] ⓘ) is a type of large industrial South Korean conglomerate run and controlled by an individual or family. A chaebol often consists of multiple diversified affiliates, controlled by a person or group. Several dozen large South Korean family-controlled corporate groups fall under this definition. The term first appeared in English text in 1972.

Chaebol have also played a significant role in South Korean politics. In 1988, a member of a chaebol family, Chung Mong-joon, president of Hyundai Heavy Industries, successfully ran for the National Assembly of South Korea. Other business leaders were also chosen to be members of the National Assembly through proportional representation. Hyundai has made efforts in the thawing of North Korean relations, despite some controversy. Many South Korean family-run chaebol have been criticised for low dividend payouts and other governance practices that favor controlling shareholders at the expense of ordinary investors.
Assassin's mace
An assassin's mace (Chinese: 杀手锏; pinyin: Shāshǒujiǎn) is a legendary ancient Chinese weapon. It is now used metaphorically to describe certain Chinese weapons systems. The term has its roots in ancient Chinese folklore, which recounts how a hero wielding such a weapon managed to overcome a far more powerful adversary. The eponymous assassin's mace was a club which was used to break an enemy's blade in combat, or a hand mace that could impact through an enemy's armor. According to American military analysts, the term is now used in China to describe a specific type of military system that demonstrates asymmetrical warfare and anti-access/area denial capabilities to counter the United States. Whether assassin's mace refers to a government-defined class of weapons or is merely used in the Chinese government to describe these weapons is disputed.

Anti-access/area denial
Anti-access/area denial (or A2/AD) is a military strategy to control access to and within an operating environment. In an early definition, anti-access refers to those actions and capabilities, usually long-range, designed to prevent an opposing force from entering an operational area. Area denial refers to those actions and capabilities, usually of shorter range, designed to limit an opposing force's freedom of action within the operational area. In short, A2 affects movement to a theater, while AD affects movement within a theater. A2/AD typically refers to a strategy used by a weaker opponent to defend against an opponent of superior skill, although a stronger opponent can also use A2/AD.
Achtergracht
The Achtergracht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑxtərˌɣrɑxt]) is a short canal in Amsterdam, located between Frederiksplein and the Amstel, parallel to the Prinsengracht. 
The Achtergracht is located in the eastern part of the Grachtengordel (canal belt).

Prinsengracht
The Prinsengracht is a 3.2-kilometer (2.0 mi)-long canal that runs parallel to the Keizersgracht in the center of Amsterdam. The canal, named after the Prince of Orange, is the fourth of the four main canals belonging to the canal belt.
Sir Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet
Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet (22 June 1757 – 1 February 1807) was a Royal Navy officer. As a junior officer he saw action at the Battle of Sadras in February 1782 during the American Revolutionary War and the Battle of Trincomalee in September 1782 during the Anglo-French War. He commanded the third-rate Culloden at the Battle of Cape St Vincent in February 1797 during the French Revolutionary Wars. He went on to be First Naval Lord and then served as Commander-in-Chief, East Indies, during the Napoleonic Wars.

East Indies Station
The East Indies Station was a formation and command of the British Royal Navy. Created in 1744 by the Admiralty, it was under the command of the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies.

Even in official documents, the term East Indies Station was often used. In 1941, the ships of the China Squadron and East Indies Squadron were merged to form the Eastern Fleet under the control of the Commander-in-Chief, Eastern Fleet. The China Station then ceased as a separate command. The East Indies Station was disbanded in 1958.

It encompassed Royal Navy Dockyards and bases in East Africa, Middle East, India and Ceylon, and other ships not attached to other fleets. For many years under rear admirals, from the 1930s the Commander-in-Chief was often an Admiral or a Vice-Admiral.
David Heska Wanbli Weiden
David Heska Wanbli Weiden [deɪvɪd hɛskɛn wɒnbliː waɪdɛn] is a Lakota American author of crime and thriller novels and a professor of Native American studies at Metropolitan State University of Denver. His debut novel, Winter Counts, won an Anthony Award, Lefty Award, ITW Thriller Award, Barry Award, Macavity Award, and Spur Award.

Metropolitan State University of Denver
Metropolitan State University of Denver (MSU Denver or Metro State) is a public university in Denver, Colorado, United States. It is located on the Auraria Campus, along with the University of Colorado Denver and the Community College of Denver, in downtown Denver, adjacent to Speer Boulevard and Colfax Avenue. In the fall 2025 semester, MSU Denver had an enrollment of 17,111 undergraduate students and 1,225 graduate students.
Korona Radio 1
Korona Radio 1 or Korona Radio is a Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such as pop-rock music with local news. The owner of the radio station is the company Korona d.o.o. Trebinje.

Korona Radio was launched on 8 March 2000. Since 2018, the second radio station program Korona Radio 2 has been launched, which mainly broadcasts folk or popular regional music.

The program is mainly produced in Serbian at one FM frequency (Trebinje 97.7 MHz) and it is available in the city of Trebinje as well as in nearby municipalities of East Herzegovina and in neighboring Montenegro and Croatia.

Estimated number of listeners of Korona Radio 1 is around 37.825.

Trebinje
Trebinje (Serbian Cyrillic: Требиње, pronounced [trěːbiɲe]) is a city and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the southernmost city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is situated on the banks of the Trebišnjica river in the region of East Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 31,433 inhabitants. The city's old town quarter, the Walled town of Trebinje, dates to the 18th-century Ottoman period and includes the Arslanagić Bridge on the Trebišnjica River, as of recently also known as Perovića Bridge. The city is one of the region’s popular tourist spots
Zhombe Joel
18°40′38″S 29°20′57″E﻿ / ﻿18.677197°S 29.34916°E﻿ / -18.677197; 29.34916

Joel Business Centre is the location of district administrative offices, parliamentary advisory offices, the post office and police station in the town of Zhombe, Zimbabwe. It is 64 km northwest of Kwekwe and 77 km southeast of Gokwe Centre. This small rural town center is the hub of both Zhombe Communal Land and Zhombe Central Ward.

Gokwe centre
Gokwe Centre is a rural town in the Midlands province in Zimbabwe.  The town is usually referred to as "Gokwe Centre" because the larger region is called Gokwe.

In popular Zimbabwean culture and media, Gokwe is often perceived as a place that is backward or uneducated. Numerous memes reference the phrase "Gokwe yazviita zvakare", which translates to "Gokwe has done it again."  Gokwe is often likened to Ohio in the United States.
Bluerock Mountain (North Carolina)
Bluerock Mountain is a mountain in Western North Carolina, near the community of Bat Cave. It is split between Henderson and Rutherford counties, it is home of the Bat Cave Preserve and part of Chimney Rock State Park. Its elevation reaches 2,835 feet (864 m).

The mountain is flanked by the Broad River to its north and Reedypatch Creek to its west. To its south is Rich Mountain and to the east is Chimney Rock Mountain. Paris Gap is the gap between it and Bald Mountain, it connects the community of Bat Cave and the town of Chimney Rock via Lake Lure Highway (US 64/US 74A/NC 9).

Chimney Rock State Park
Chimney Rock State Park is a North Carolina state park in Chimney Rock, Rutherford County, North Carolina in the United States. The 8,014-acre (32.43 km2) park is located 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Asheville, North Carolina, and is owned and managed by the state of North Carolina.

The park features hiking trails for all skill levels, views of the Devil's Head balancing rock, and a 404-foot (123 m) waterfall, Hickory Nut Falls. Its most notable feature is a 315-foot (96 m) gneiss monolith named Chimney Rock, which is accessible by elevator and provides views of the park and surrounding countryside.
Esna
Esna (Arabic: إسنا  IPA: [ˈʔesnæ], Ancient Egyptian: jwny.t or tꜣ-snt; Coptic: ⲥⲛⲏ or ⲉⲥⲛⲏ Snē from tꜣ-snt; Koine Greek: Λατόπολις Latópolis or πόλις Λάτων (Pólis Látōn) or Λάττων (Lattōn); Latin: Lato) is a city of Egypt. It is located on the west bank of the Nile some 55 km (34 mi) south of Luxor. The city was formerly part of the modern Qena Governorate, but as of 9 December 2009, it was incorporated into the new Luxor Governorate.

Letopolis
Letopolis (Greek: Λητοῦς Πόλις) was an ancient Egyptian city, the capital of the second nome of Lower Egypt. Its Egyptian name was Khem 𓋊𓐍𓐝𓂜𓊖𓉐 (ḫm), and the modern site of its remains is known as Ausim (Arabic: اوسيم, from Coptic: ⲟⲩϣⲏⲙ, ⲃⲟⲩϣⲏⲙ). The city was a center of worship of the deity Khenty-irty or Khenti-kheti, a form of the god Horus. The site and its deity are mentioned in texts from as far back as the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BC), and a temple to the god probably stood there very early in Egyptian history. The only known monuments at the site, however, date to the reigns of pharaohs from the Late Period (664–332 BC): Necho II, Psamtik II, Hakor, and Nectanebo I.
2022 National Bank Open – Women's singles
Simona Halep defeated Beatriz Haddad Maia in the final, 6–3, 2–6, 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2022 Canadian Open. Halep's third Canadian Open title marked the first time in her career she won an event on three occasions and also earned her a ninth WTA 1000 title. This was the last WTA tournament Halep won and her last WTA tournament final. Haddad Maia was the first Brazilian to reach beyond the quarterfinals and contest the final at a WTA 1000 tournament.

Camila Giorgi was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jessica Pegula in a rematch of last year's semifinal.

This marked the final Canadian Open appearance for three-time champion and former world No. 1 Serena Williams, who lost in the second round to Belinda Bencic.

2021 National Bank Open – Women's singles
Camila Giorgi defeated Karolína Plíšková in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2021 Canadian Open. It was her third career WTA Tour title, her first at the WTA 1000 level, and her first since Linz in 2018.

Bianca Andreescu was the defending champion from when the event was last held in 2019, but lost in the third round to Ons Jabeur.
Érick Gutiérrez
Érick Gabriel Gutiérrez Galaviz (born 15 June 1995), also known as Guti,  is a Mexican professional footballer.

Gutiérrez began both his youth and professional career at Pachuca, winning the 2016 Clausura title and the 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League in his five years with the club. During the 2015–2016 season, he was named captain of the team at the age of 20. In August 2018, he joined PSV Eindhoven, winning two KNVB Cups and one Johan Cruyff Shield before joining Guadalajara in 2023–24 season.

Gutiérrez has participated for various national youth teams, including the U-20 team and the U-23 side that played the 2016 Summer Olympics. At the senior level,  Gutiérrez has represented Mexico at the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup, and won the 2019 edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup.

2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League
The 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League (officially the 2016–17 Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League for sponsorship reasons) was the 9th edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current name, and overall the 52nd edition of the premier football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

Pachuca won their fifth title, and their first since 2009–10, by defeating UANL 2–1 on aggregate in the final. As the winner of the 2016–17 CONCACAF Champions League, Pachuca qualified as the CONCACAF representative at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates. América won the previous two tournaments, but did not qualify for this tournament and were unable to defend their title.