hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Normally hyperbolic invariant manifold
A normally hyperbolic invariant manifold (NHIM) is a natural generalization of a hyperbolic fixed point and a hyperbolic set.  The difference can be described heuristically as follows:  For a manifold  to be normally hyperbolic we are allowed to assume that the dynamics of  itself is neutral compared with the dynamics nearby, which is not allowed for a hyperbolic set. NHIMs were introduced by Neil Fenichel in 1972.  In this and subsequent papers, Fenichel proves that NHIMs possess stable and unstable manifolds and more importantly, NHIMs and their stable and unstable manifolds persist under small perturbations.  Thus, in problems involving perturbation theory, invariant manifolds exist with certain hyperbolicity properties, which can in turn be used to obtain qualitative information about a dynamical system.

Hyperbolic set
In dynamical systems theory, a subset Λ of a smooth manifold M is said to have a hyperbolic structure with respect to a smooth map f if its tangent bundle may be split into two invariant subbundles, one of which is contracting and the other is expanding under f, with respect to some Riemannian metric on M. An analogous definition applies to the case of flows.

In the special case when the entire manifold M is hyperbolic, the map f is called an Anosov diffeomorphism. The dynamics of f on a hyperbolic set, or hyperbolic dynamics, exhibits features of local structural stability and has been much studied, cf. Axiom A.
Deadman Standing
Deadman Standing (also known as Hyde Park) is a 2018 independent Western feature film written, edited and directed by Nicholas Barton and produced by Derin Dopps, who also acted as 1st AD. It is based on the true story of the gunfight at Hyde Park, in an area of South Central Kansas, presently occupied by Newton, KS.

Gunfight at Hide Park
The Gunfight at Hide Park, or the Newton Massacre, was the name given to an Old West gunfight that occurred on August 19, 1871, in Newton, Kansas, United States. While well publicized at the time, the shootout has received little historical attention despite resulting in a higher body count than the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and the Four Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight of 1881.  Unlike most other well-known gunfights of the Old West, it involved no notable or well-known gunfighters, nor did it propel any of its participants into any degree of fame. The story has transformed into legend due to reports that one of the participants, James Riley, walked away from the scene and was never seen again.

Thirteen people were said to have been killed in the gunfight, nine of them by Riley.
Amar Nath Yadav
Amar Nath Yadav, alternatively Amarnath Yadav is an Indian politician and former member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. He is a veteran leader of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation and a member of the Bihar State Committee of the party. He has also been the vice president of the Kisan Mahasabha in Bihar. He is known for his opposition to the erstwhile rule of local strongman Mohammad Shahabuddin and described by a Hindustan Times article as "the only man who stood up to Shahabuddin". He had represented the Darauli constituency from 1995–2000 and from 2005–2010. He rose to prominence in the area after the murder of the student leader Chandrashekhar Prasad in 1997, who died whilst campaigning against Shahabuddin.

Darauli Assembly constituency
Darauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is a Legislative Assembly constituency in Siwan district in the Indian state of Bihar. It has reserved for scheduled castes since 2010. Before 2010, it was an open seat (unreserved). The current MLA of this Legislative Assembly constituency is Satyadeo Ram.
Ganar la Región de Murcia
Ganar la Región de Murcia (Spanish for Winning the Region of Murcia) was an electoral alliance formed by United Left–Greens of the Region of Murcia and Building the Left–Socialist Alternative to contest the 2015 Murcian regional election. While the alliance had been intended as a "confluence" for left-wing political forces in the region, both Podemos and Equo refused to join it.

On 17 March 2015, José Antonio Pujante was elected as the alliance's leading candidate for the regional election. The alliance failed to secure any parliamentary seats in the 24 May election.

United Left–Greens of the Region of Murcia
United Left–Greens of the Region of Murcia (Spanish: Izquierda Unida–Verdes de la Región de Murcia. IU–V–RM) is the Murcian federation of the Spanish left wing political and social movement United Left. José Luis Álvarez-Castellanos and Candi Marín are the current General Coordinators. The major member of the coalition is the Communist Party of the Region of Murcia (PCRM, Murcian federation of the Communist Party of Spain).
2012 NCAA Division I men's golf championship
The 2012 NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship was a golf tournament contested from May 29–June 3 at the Riviera Country Club in Pacific Palisades, California. It was the 74th NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championship. The team championship was won by the Texas Longhorns who won their third national championship by defeating the Alabama Crimson Tide in the championship match play round 3–2. The individual national championship was won by Thomas Pieters from the University of Illinois.

Illinois Fighting Illini
The Illinois Fighting Illini (/ɪˈlaɪnaɪ/) are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. The university offers 10 men's and 11 women's varsity sports.

The university operates a number of athletic facilities, including Memorial Stadium for football, the State Farm Center for both men's and women's basketball, Illinois Field for baseball, the ARC Pool for women's swimming and diving, the Atkins Tennis Center for men's and women's tennis, Eichelberger Field for softball, Huff Hall for men's and women's gymnastics, women's volleyball and men's wrestling, Demirjian Park for women's soccer and for men's and women's outdoor track and field, the Atkins Golf Club at the University of Illinois for men's and women's golf, the University of Illinois Arboretum for cross country and the University of Illinois Armory for men's and women's indoor track and field.

The Fighting Illini lay claim to over 25 National Championships dating back to 1900.
Stansfeld
Stansfeld is an English surname deriving from the Old English 'stan' (meaning stony) and 'feld' (field). This toponymic surname originates from the ancient township of Stansfield (near Todmorden, West Yorkshire), which was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as 'Stanesfelt’. The surname is most commonly found around the town of Todmorden, West Yorkshire.

Notable people with this surname include:

Stansfield, West Yorkshire
Stansfield (/ˈstænsfiːld/ STANSS-feeld) is a place in the civil parish of Todmorden, in the Calderdale district, in West Yorkshire, England, which gave its name to Stansfield Hall, Stansfield Hall Railway Station, and an electoral ward in Todmorden, Calderdale.
Outline of New York (state)
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. State of New York:

New York – U.S. state located on the Eastern seaboard and extending to the Great Lakes. Settled by the Dutch in the 17th century, New York was one of the original Thirteen Colonies.  About one third of all the battles of the Revolutionary War took place in New York. New York enacted its constitution in 1777 and was the eleventh state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788.  It is the fourth most populous state.

Constitution of New York
The Constitution of the State of New York establishes the structure of the government of the State of New York, and enumerates the basic rights of the citizens of New York. Like most state constitutions in the United States, New York's constitution's provisions tend to be more detailed and amended more often than its federal counterpart. Because the history of the state constitution differs from the federal constitution, the New York Court of Appeals has seen fit to interpret analogous provisions differently from United States Supreme Court's interpretation of federal provisions.
Airline (American TV series)
Airline is an American reality television series that showcases the daily happenings of passengers, ground workers and on-board staff members of Southwest Airlines. The series debuted on January 5, 2004, on A&E and ran for three seasons.  It was narrated by Tim Flavin.

On December 15, 2005, it was canceled after three seasons.

Southwest Airlines
Southwest Airlines is a major airline in the United States. It is headquartered in the Love Field neighborhood of Dallas, Texas. It is the fourth-largest airline in North America when measured by passengers carried, as of 2024. With its all-Boeing 737 fleet, Southwest serves over 100 destinations in 42 states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, and ten other countries and territories near the southern United States in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea regions: Aruba, the Bahamas, Belize, the Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Jamaica, and Turks and Caicos.

The airline was established on March 9, 1967, by Herb Kelleher and Rollin King as Air Southwest Co. and adopted its current name, Southwest Airlines Co., in 1971, when it began operating as an intrastate airline wholly within the state of Texas, first flying between Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. It began regional interstate service in 1979, expanding nationwide in the following decades.
Margot Ciccarelli
Margot Ciccarelli (Chinese: 鄧嘉寶; pinyin: Dèng Jiābǎo; born 17 November 1993) is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu competitor and coach.

Representing Italy, she is a multiple-time World, World Pro, World No-Gi and European Champion in the lower belt divisions. At black belt, Ciccarelli is a European Champion and Asian Open Champion, as well as four-time World Championship and three-time Pan American Championship medalist.

World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship
The World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournament held annually by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation. It is widely considered  the most  important and prestigious jiu-jitsu tournament of the year.

The first edition took place in February 1996 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Since 2007 the tournament has been held  in California. The last edition of the championship took place at the Walter Pyramid in Long Beach California in 2025.
Kyle Hutton
Kyle Hutton (born 5 February 1991) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for West of Scotland League First Division club Gartcairn.

He has previously played for Rangers, Partick Thistle, Dunfermline Athletic and Queen of the South, St Mirren, Airdrieonians, Dumbarton, Cowdenbeath and Forfar Athletic.

West of Scotland Football League
The West of Scotland Football League (WoSFL) is a senior football league based in the west of Scotland. The league sits at levels 6–10 on the Scottish football league system, acting as a feeder to the Lowland Football League.

Founded in 2020, it is currently composed of 80 member clubs competing in five divisions. Geographically, the league covers Argyll & Bute, Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, West Dunbartonshire, Glasgow, Inverclyde, Lanarkshire, East Renfrewshire and Renfrewshire. Two clubs are also based in Dumfries and Galloway.

Since its formation, it has featured in the senior pyramid system. The winners take part in an end of season promotion play-off with the East of Scotland Football League and South of Scotland Football League champions, subject to clubs meeting the required licensing criteria.
Piccadilly Pub
Piccadilly Pub was a chain of casual dining restaurants headquartered in the US state of Massachusetts. The first Piccadilly Pub restaurant was opened by William C. Martin in 1973 in the town of Westborough, Massachusetts.

The chain offered a menu of American cuisine, with particular emphasis on seafood such as fish and chips, New England clam chowder, fried clams, lobster, scallops, and shrimp.

Other items served included ribs, steaks, grilled honey lime island chicken salad, and Oreo cookie ice cream pie.

As of 2001, the chain had 11 locations. At its peak, the chain had 13 locations, all in Massachusetts and Connecticut, but at the time it went out of business it had nine locations. All locations closed on February 5, 2012.

Westborough, Massachusetts
Westborough is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 21,567 at the 2020 census, in over 7,000 households. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Incorporated in 1717, the town is governed under the New England open town meeting system, headed by a five-member elected Board of Selectmen whose duties include licensing, appointing various administrative positions, and calling a town meeting of citizens annually or whenever the need arises.
Knut Erik Folland
Knut Erik Folland (born 5 March 1972) is a retired Norwegian football defender and later manager. He notably played in Norway's highest league Eliteserien for Hamkam, and on the second tier for Hamkam and Os; later coaching Førde and Vard Haugesund.

SK Vard Haugesund
Sportsklubben Vard Haugesund is a Norwegian professional football club located in Haugesund. The team currently plays in the 3. divisjon after being relegated from the 2. divisjon in 2025. The team reached the Norwegian Football Cup finals in 1962 and 1975. Vard played in the Norwegian top flight in 1976.
Appropriation bill
An appropriation bill, also known as supply bill or spending bill, is a proposed law that authorizes the expenditure of government funds. It is a bill that sets money aside for specific spending. In some democracies, approval of the legislature is necessary for the government to spend money.

In a Westminster parliamentary system, the defeat of an appropriation bill in a parliamentary vote generally necessitates either the resignation of a government or the calling of a general election. One of the more famous examples of the defeat of a supply bill was the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, when the Senate, which was controlled by the opposition, refused to approve a package of appropriation and loan bills, prompting Governor-General Sir John Kerr to dismiss Prime Minister Gough Whitlam and appoint Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister until the next election (where the Fraser government was elected).

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
Moinul Islam Moin
Moinul Islam Moin (Bengali: মইনুল ইসলাম মঈন; born 18 February 2005) is a Bangladeshi professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Bangladesh Football League club Bangladesh Police FC.

Bangladesh Football League
The Bangladesh Football League (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ ফুটবল লিগ), simply known as the BFL, is the top tier of the Bangladeshi football league system. It is run by the Bangladesh Football Federation (BFF). The Dhaka derby between Dhaka Abahani and Mohammedan is one of the league's most popular matches.

The BFL superseded the Dhaka Premier Division League which had functioned as the top tier from 1948 to 2006. The league name was changed from Bangladesh Premier League to Bangladesh Football League in 2025 because the spelling clashed with the similarly-named cricket league.
Tris(cyclooctatetraene)triiron
Tris(cyclooctatetraene)triiron or Fe3(COT)3, also referred to as the Lavallo-Grubbs compound (after its discoverers) is an organoiron compound with the formula Fe3(C8H8)3. It is a pyrophoric, black crystalline solid, which is insoluble in common organic solvents. The compound represents a rare example of a hydrocarbon analogue of the well-known triiron dodecacarbonyl (Fe3(CO)12), originally prepared by Dewar and Jones in the early 20th century.

Triiron dodecacarbonyl
Triiron dodecacarbonyl is the organoiron compound with the formula Fe3(CO)12. It is a dark green solid that sublimes under vacuum.  It is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents to give intensely green solutions. Most low-nuclearity clusters are pale yellow or orange. Hot solutions of Fe3(CO)12 decompose to an iron mirror, which can be pyrophoric in air. The solid decomposes slowly in air, and thus samples are typically stored cold under an inert atmosphere. It is a more reactive source of iron(0) than iron pentacarbonyl.
Jonny Magallón
José Jonny Magallón Oliva (born 21 November 1981) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

A defender capable of playing as a centre back and full-back, he started his senior career with Guadalajara in 2003. He was eventually sold to Club León in the summer of 2012, helping the team win both tournaments of the 2013–14 season. He had a brief stint with Argentinean club CA Lanús before returning to Mexico's second division team, Mineros de Zacatecas.

A regular Mexico international under Hugo Sánchez, he was called up to participate in the 2007 and 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cups, the 2007 Copa América, and the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the tenth edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup competition, and the twentieth soccer championship of North America, Central America and the Caribbean (CONCACAF). It was played from July 3 to 26, 2009 in the United States. This competition was the fourth tournament without guests from other confederations. Mexico won their fifth Gold Cup, and eighth CONCACAF Championship overall, after beating the United States 5–0 in the final. It was the second consecutive Gold Cup final and fourth overall to feature Mexico and the United States and the third won by Mexico.
Darren Petrucci
Darren Petrucci is an American architect, educator, and urban designer known for implementing the concept of amenity infrastructure. He is the Suncor Professor at Arizona State University’s (ASU) Design School, where he served as Founding Director from 2005 to 2012, and the principal of A-I-R (Architecture-Infrastructure-Research) Inc.

He has received the Progressive Architecture Award, the AIA Award, Architectural League Emerging Voices, and two NCARB Awards.

His work has been featured in Metropolis, Places Journal, Architect Magazine, and Sprawl, as well as in Public Space, published by the National Endowment for the Arts in collaboration with Princeton Architectural Press, and Re-Envisioning Landscape/Architecture, published by Actar Press. His projects have been exhibited in Barcelona, Phoenix, New York, and at the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art.

National Council of Architectural Registration Boards
The National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB) is a nonprofit organization comprising the legally constituted architectural registration boards of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands as its members. Its mission is to collaborate with licensing boards to facilitate the licensure and credentialing of architects to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public.

NCARB recommends model law, model regulations, and other guidelines for adoption by its member jurisdictions, but each makes its own laws and registration requirements. As a service to its members, NCARB develops, administers, and maintains the Architectural Experience Program (AXP) and the Architect Registration Examination (ARE) as well as facilitates reciprocity between jurisdictions through the NCARB Certificate.
Death of a Traveling Salesman
"Death of a Traveling Salesman" is the first published short story by Eudora Welty, originally appearing in Manuscript magazine in May 1936, and first collected in A Curtain of Green (1941) by Doubleday.

The story is one of Welty's two earliest published works of fiction, along with "Magic", each printed by Manuscript in 1936.

Eudora Welty
Eudora Alice Welty (April 13, 1909 – July 23, 2001) was an American short-story writer, novelist, and photographer who wrote about the American South. Her novel The Optimist's Daughter won the Pulitzer Prize in 1973. Welty received numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Order of the South. She was the first living author to have her works published by the Library of America. Her house in Jackson, Mississippi, has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and is open to the public as a house museum.
Agrin
Agrin is a large proteoglycan whose best-characterised role is in the development of the neuromuscular junction during embryogenesis. Agrin is named based on its involvement in the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors during synaptogenesis.  In humans, this protein is encoded by the AGRN gene.

This protein has nine domains homologous to protease inhibitors. It may also have functions in other tissues and during other stages of development.  It is a major proteoglycan component in the glomerular basement membrane and may play a role in the renal filtration and cell-matrix interactions.

Agrin functions by activating the MuSK protein (for Muscle-Specific Kinase), which is a receptor tyrosine kinase required for the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. Agrin is required to activate MuSK. Agrin is also required for neuromuscular junction formation.

Proteoglycan
Proteoglycans are proteins that are heavily glycosylated. The basic proteoglycan unit consists of a "core protein" with one or more covalently attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain(s). The point of attachment is a serine (Ser) residue to which the glycosaminoglycan is joined through a  tetrasaccharide bridge (e.g. chondroitin sulfate-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-PROTEIN). The Ser residue is generally in the sequence -Ser-Gly-X-Gly- (where X can be any amino acid residue but proline), although not every protein with this sequence has an attached glycosaminoglycan. The chains are long, linear carbohydrate polymers that are negatively charged under physiological conditions due to the occurrence of sulfate and uronic acid groups. Proteoglycans occur in connective tissue.
Inch, County Wexford
Inch (Irish: An Inis or Inse Mocholmóg) is located in County Wexford, Ireland on the R772 road between Arklow and Gorey. In September 2007 Inch was bypassed, having formerly been on the N11 Dublin to Wexford road. 
There is a creamery in Inch run by Glanbia.

Nearby villages include Castletown and Coolgreany.

Castletown, County Wexford
Castletown, historically called Ballycaslane (Irish: Baile an Chaisleáin), is a small village and townland in northeast County Wexford, Ireland. It has a small national (primary) school and a Catholic church.

Castletown is in the parish of Kilgorman which contains one of the earliest Christian settlements in Ireland. Kilgorman was founded by St Gorman, who reputedly established a monastery in the area. This is possibly the same St Germanus after whom St German's Cathedral on St Patrick's Isle off the Isle of Man is named.