hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Don Cunningham
Donald Cunningham Jr. (born December 13, 1965) is an American politician who is president and CEO of the Lehigh Valley Economic Development Corporation (LVEDC). He previously served as executive of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of General Services, and mayor of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Cunningham is credited with leading an economic renaissance in Bethlehem, rejuvenating the city's two downtowns and helping kick-start Bethlehem's economy after the collapse of Bethlehem Steel. As Lehigh County executive, Cunningham restructured county operations to make economic growth and community regionalization the focus of his administration.

Pennsylvania Department of General Services
The Pennsylvania Department of General Services (DGS) is an agency of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that supports the core operations of the Pennsylvania state government.

DGS builds all non-highway Capital projects, procures nearly $4 billion of goods and services, serves as the real estate agent for state-owned land and leases, oversees the Commonwealth vehicle fleet, maintains all state-owned facilities, implements an energy-management and conservation initiative in all state-owned buildings, serves as the state's insurance broker, monitors participation in state contracts by small and small diverse businesses, manages federal and state surplus and supplies, and oversees the Capitol Police, Commonwealth Media Services, and the Bureau of Publications.

DGS was created by Act 45 of 1975. This legislation combined the duties of the Department of Property and Supplies and the General State Authority (GSA) to form the Department of General Services.
WHO-convened Global Study of Origins of SARS-CoV-2
The WHO-convened Global Study of Origins of SARS-CoV-2 or the Joint WHO-China Study was a collaborative study between the World Health Organization and the Government of China on the origins of COVID-19. The study was commissioned by the Director-General of the World Health Organization following a request by the 2020 World Health Assembly in which 122 WHO members proposed a motion, which included a call for a "comprehensive, independent and impartial" study into the COVID-19 pandemic" The WHO disbanded the team and proposed a new panel called Scientific Advisory Group for Origins of Novel Pathogens.

World Health Assembly
The World Health Assembly (WHA) is the forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its 193 member states. It is the world's highest health policy setting body and is composed of health ministers from member states.

The members of the WHA generally meet every year in May in Geneva, Switzerland, at the Palace of Nations, the location of WHO Headquarters. The main tasks of the WHA are to decide major policy questions, as well as to approve the WHO work programme and budget and elect its Director-General (every fifth year) and annually to elect ten members to renew part of its executive board. Its main functions are to determine the policies of the Organization, supervise financial policies, and review and approve the proposed programme budget.
Sohrab Hossain
Sohrab Hossain (9 April 1922 – 27 December 2012) was a Bangladeshi singer and an exponent of Nazrul Sangeet. From his childhood, he was interested in music and started learning music. He met singer Abbas Uddin in a function in Ranaghat. Then he went to Kolkata. In Kolkata with the help of Abbas Uddin he started working on a music album but could not finish it.

After the partition of India, he came back to Dhaka where he got a Government job. With the musical troupe of Abbas Uddin he performed all over Bangladesh. He worked as a playback singer in several movies. He was also a teacher of few musical institutions.

Hossain received the Independence Day Award in 1980.

Abbasuddin Ahmed
Abbasuddin Ahmed (27 October 1901 – 30 December 1959) was a Bengali folk song composer and singer born in the Bengal province of British India. He was known for Bhawaiya folk song which is a style commonly found in Rangpur, Undivided Goalpara district  and Cooch Behar.
(164121) 2003 YT1
(164121) 2003 YT1, provisional designation 2003 YT1, is a bright asteroid and synchronous binary system on a highly eccentric orbit, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group, approximately 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 18 December 2003, by astronomers with the Catalina Sky Survey at the Catalina Station near Tucson, Arizona, in the United States. The V-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 2.3 hours. Its 210-meter sized minor-planet moon was discovered at Arecibo Observatory in May 2004.

Minor-planet moon
A minor-planet moon is an astronomical object that orbits a minor planet as its natural satellite. As of January 2022, there are 457 minor planets known or suspected to have moons. Discoveries of minor-planet moons (and binary objects, in general) are important because the determination of their orbits provides estimates on the mass and density of the primary, allowing insights into their physical properties that are generally not otherwise accessible.

Several of the moons are quite large compared to their primaries: 90 Antiope, Mors–Somnus and Sila–Nunam (95%), Patroclus–Menoetius, Altjira and Lempo–Hiisi (90%, with Lempo–Paha at 50%). The largest known minor-planet moon in absolute size is Pluto's moon Charon, which has about half the diameter of Pluto.

There are also several known ring systems around distant objects (see: Rings of Chariklo and Chiron).
Som Nath Sachdeva
Som Nath Sachdeva is an Indian academic administrator and professor (civil engineer). He has been serving as the Vice-Chancellor of Kurukshetra University, Haryana, since November 2020. His term was extended for another three years.

Kurukshetra University
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (KUK) is a University established on 11 January 1956 in Kurukshetra, in the Indian state of Haryana, 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the capital, Delhi. It is a member of Association of Commonwealth Universities.
Swallow Music Awards
Swallow Music Awards (Armenian: Ծիծեռնակ երաժշտական մրցանակաբաշխություն, Tsitsernak yerazhshtakan mrcanakabashkhutiun) is an annual national music awards ceremony first held in Yerevan, Armenia, on 25 March 2017. The awards are created and sponsored by RA Ministry of Culture to appreciate and spur the activities of individuals and creators of various genres of Armenian musical art, as well as to display the significant achievements in the field of music to the broader layers of society. The awards consist of four parts: achievements in classical genre, folk genre, mass pop genre, and special/other awards. During the ceremony artists are given the awards designed by Armenian painter and designer Arman Nur. Each year, the award ceremony airs live on Public Television company of Armenia.

Public Television Company of Armenia
Public Television of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրային Հեռուստաընկերություն, romanized: Hayastani Hanrayin Herrustaynkerut'yun; 1TV), also known as AMPTV or ARMTV, is an Armenian public television station that began transmissions in 1956.
Skelmersdale United F.C.
Skelmersdale United Football Club is a football club from Skelmersdale, Lancashire. They are currently members of the Liverpool County Premier League and play at Rossett Park, Crosby. The club is a member of both the Liverpool County Football Association and the Lancashire County Football Association.

Prescot Cables F.C.
Prescot Cables Football Club is a supporter-owned football club based in Prescot, Merseyside. It was established in 1884 and has also been known as Prescot and Prescot Town. They compete in the Northern Premier League Premier Division and play their home games at Valerie Park. They are a member of the Liverpool County Football Association.

The "Cables" in their name came from the largest local employer in Prescot, British Insulated Cables, which was founded in 1890 as the British Insulated Wire Company, and later became part of British Insulated Callender's Cables. Prescot Wire Works were founder members of the Liverpool County Football Combination league and were runners three times in the years leading up to the First World War.
Arkansas Highway 244
Highway 244 (AR 244, Ark. 244, and Hwy. 244) is a designation for two state highways in Northwest Arkansas. Both segments are low volume, two-lane roadways in rural areas. The first segment was created in 1961, with the second designated in 1973 and extended through 1975. Both segments are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).

Arkansas Department of Transportation
The Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT), formerly the Arkansas Highway and Transportation Department, is a government department in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Its mission is to provide a safe, efficient, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally sound intermodal transportation system for the user. The department is responsible for implementing policy made by the Arkansas State Highway Commission, a board of officials appointed by the Governor of Arkansas to direct transportation policy in the state. The department's director is appointed by the commission to hire staff and manage construction and maintenance on Arkansas's highways.

The primary duty of ARDOT is the maintenance and management of the over 16,000-mile (26,000 km) Arkansas Highway System. The department also conducts planning, public transportation, the State Aid County Road Program, the Arkansas Highway Police, and Federal-Aid project administration. Its headquarters are in Little Rock.
Biconjugate gradient method
In mathematics, more specifically in numerical linear algebra, the biconjugate gradient method is an algorithm to solve systems of linear equations

Unlike the conjugate gradient method, this algorithm does not require the matrix  to be self-adjoint, but instead one needs to perform multiplications by the conjugate transpose A*.

Conjugate transpose
In mathematics, the conjugate transpose, also known as the Hermitian transpose, of an  complex matrix  is an  matrix obtained by transposing  and applying complex conjugation to each entry (the complex conjugate of  being , for real numbers  and ). There are several notations, such as  or , , or (often in physics) .

For real matrices, the conjugate transpose is just the transpose, .
Monique de Bissy
Monique de Bissy (married Schimmelpenninck; 13 March 1923 – 17 November 2009) was a French-Belgian resistance member during World War II.

She was born in Schaerbeek, Belgium and died in Montpellier, France.

Resistance during World War II
During World War II, resistance movements operated in German-occupied Europe by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation to propaganda, hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns. In many countries, resistance movements were sometimes also referred to as The Underground.

While resistance groups played a significant auxiliary role in harassing the enemy, their military impact was limited, and they were incapable of liberating their nations alone. Overall, the effectiveness of resistance movements during World War II is generally measured more by their political and moral impact than their decisive military contribution to the overall Allied victory.
William Murray, 2nd Lord Nairne
William Murray, 2nd Lord Nairne (c. 1665 – 3 February 1726) was a Scottish peer and Jacobite who fought in the Rising of 1715, after which he was attainted and condemned to death for treason, but in 1717 he was indemnified and released.

In 1721, he was created Earl of Nairne in the Jacobite peerage.

Jacobite rising of 1715
The Jacobite rising of 1715 (Scottish Gaelic: Bliadhna Sheumais [ˈpliən̪ˠə ˈheːmɪʃ];
or 'the Fifteen') was the attempt by James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland for the exiled Stuarts.

At Braemar, Aberdeenshire, the Earl of Mar raised the Jacobite standard on 27 August. Aiming to capture Stirling Castle, he was checked by the much-outnumbered Hanoverians, commanded by the Duke of Argyll, at Sheriffmuir on 13 November. There was no clear result, but the Earl appeared to believe, mistakenly, that he had won the battle. After the Jacobite surrender at Preston (14 November), the rebellion was over.
Krivokapić Cabinet
The Krivokapić Cabinet was the 42nd cabinet of Montenegro. It was elected on 4 December 2020 by a majority vote in the parliament. The technocratic government was composed of URA, independents, NDCG(ZBCG) and was supported by the three parliamentary groups; Democratic Front/For the Future of Montenegro (NSD, DNP, PzP, PCG, UCG and RP), Peace is Our Nation (DCG and Demos), Socialist People's Party.

Movement for Changes
Movement for Changes (Montenegrin: Покрет за промјене, romanized: Pokret za promjene, PZP) is a right-wing populist and far-right political party in Montenegro. Its current leader is Nebojša Medojević, the party's founder.
Anna Bochkoltz-Falconi
Anna Juliane Bochkoltz (also Bochkoltz-Falconi and Anna Falconi, 11 March 1815 – 24 December 1879) was a German operatic soprano, voice teacher and composer. She performed her first concert in 1843, then studied in Brussels and Paris. After singing concerts in Paris, London and Berlin, she appeared in the 1850s on opera stages in Wiesbaden, Frankfurt, Munich and Coburg. She was known for the range of her voice, and was regarded as one of the important dramatic coloratura sopranos of her era, appearing as Mozart's Donna Anna, Beethoven's Fidelio and Bellini's Norma. She later taught singing in Vienna, Strasbourg and Paris.

Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden
The Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden (Hessian State Theatre Wiesbaden), also known as the Staatstheater Wiesbaden or Theater Wiesbaden, is a German theatre located in Wiesbaden, in the German state of Hesse.  The company produces operas, plays, ballets, musicals and concerts on four stages. It has a resident orchestra, the Hessisches Staatsorchester. The theatre was inaugurated in 1894.

The theatre is the host for the annual festival Internationale Maifestspiele Wiesbaden, established in 1896 after the Bayreuth Festival.
Tropical Storm Chantal (2025)
Tropical Storm Chantal (/ʃɑːnˈtɑːl/ shahn-TAHL) was a tropical cyclone that impacted the Southeastern United States in July 2025. Chantal originated from a decaying frontal boundary over Florida. It then moved offshore into the Atlantic Ocean and rapidly organized into a tropical depression on July 4. The next day, the system became better organized and was upgraded to tropical storm status, being assigned the name Chantal. The system steadily intensified until landfall early on July 6 in South Carolina, rapidly weakening into a tropical depression inland later that day.

Chantal produced tropical storm force-winds and gusts in northeastern South Carolina as it made landfall. Chantal produced heavy rainfall as it slowly moved into North Carolina, exceeding 10 inches (250 mm) in Alamance, Chatham, and Orange counties. Significant flash flooding took place across central North Carolina late on July 6. Losses totaled to US$500 million according to Gallagher Re.

Chatham County, North Carolina
Chatham County (locally /ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) is a county located in the Piedmont area of the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is also the location of the geographic center of North Carolina, northwest of Sanford. As of the 2020 census, the population was 76,285. Its county seat is Pittsboro.

Chatham County is part of the Durham-Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Monson baronets of Thatched House Lodge (1905)
The Monson baronetcy, of Thatched House Lodge in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 23 February 1905 for the Hon. Edmund Monson, who had held a number of diplomatic posts, ultimately British Ambassador to France from 1896 to 1904. He was the fourth son of the 6th Baron Monson.

The 2nd Baronet had no sons, and was succeeded by his two brothers. The 3rd Baronet was also a British diplomat.  The title became extinct on the death of the 4th Baronet in 1969, who left no heir.

Sir Edmund Monson, 1st Baronet
Sir Edmund John Monson, 1st Baronet, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, PC (6 October 1834 – 28 October 1909), misspelled in some sources as Edward Monson, was a British diplomat who was minister or ambassador to several countries.
Germaine Dieterlen
Germaine Dieterlen (15 May 1903 in Valleraugue – 13 November 1999 in Paris) was a French anthropologist. 
She was a student of Marcel Mauss, worked with noted French anthropologists Marcel Griaule (1898-1956) and Jean Rouch, wrote on a large range of ethnographic topics and made pioneering contributions to the study of myths, initiations, techniques (particularly "descriptive ethnography"), graphic systems, objects, classifications, ritual and social structure.

She is most noted for her work among the Dogon and the Bambara of Mali, having lived with them for over twenty years, often in collaboration with Marcel Griaule, with whom she wrote the book The Pale Fox (1965).

Jean Rouch
Jean Rouch (French: [ʁuʃ]; 31 May 1917 – 18 February 2004) was a French filmmaker and anthropologist.

He is considered one of the founders of cinéma vérité in France. Rouch's practice as a filmmaker, for over 60 years in Africa, was characterized by the idea of shared anthropology. 
Influenced by his discovery of surrealism in his early twenties, many of his films blur the line between fiction and documentary, creating a new style: ethnofiction. The French New Wave filmmakers hailed Rouch as one of their own.

Commenting on Rouch's work as someone "in charge of research for the Musée de l'Homme" in Paris, Godard said, “Is there a better definition for a filmmaker?".
Christian Piot
Christian Piot (born 4 October 1947) is a Belgian retired football goalkeeper who won the Belgian Golden Shoe in 1972 while at Standard Liège. He played 40 times and scored 1 goal for the Belgium national team between 1969 and 1977, starting in a 4–0 defeat to Yugoslavia on 19 October 1969. Piot was in the team for the 1970 World Cup and for the Euro 1972.

UEFA Euro 1972
The 1972 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in Belgium. This was the fourth UEFA European Championship, held every four years and endorsed by UEFA. The final tournament took place between 14 and 18 June 1972.

Only four countries played in the final tournament, with the tournament consisting of the semi-finals, a third place play-off, and the final.

The hosts were only announced after the qualifying round, which meant all teams had to participate in the qualification process for the final stage. Belgium was chosen among three candidates; the other bids came from England and Italy, whose teams did not reach the semi-finals.

West Germany won the tournament, beating the Soviet Union 3–0 in the final, with goals coming from Gerd Müller (twice) and Herbert Wimmer at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.
George Bell (outfielder)
Jorge Antonio Bell Mathey (born October 21, 1959), better known as George Bell, is a Dominican former left fielder and American League MVP in Major League Baseball who played 12 seasons for the Toronto Blue Jays (1981, 1983–1990), Chicago Cubs (1991) and Chicago White Sox (1992–1993). Bell batted and threw right-handed.

Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award
The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.
2007 Geelong Football Club season
The 2007 Geelong Football Club season was the club's 108th season in the Australian Football League (AFL). Geelong finished the regular season in first position on the ladder, earning the club its eighth McClelland Trophy.

2007 AFL season
The 2007 AFL season was the 111th season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Australia, which was known as the Victorian Football League until 1989. The season featured sixteen clubs, ran from 30 March until 29 September, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top eight clubs.

The premiership was won by the Geelong Football Club for the seventh time, after it defeated Port Adelaide by a record 119 points in the AFL Grand Final.
TNA Sacrifice (2026)
The 2026 Sacrifice is an upcoming professional wrestling event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. The event will take place on March 27, 2026, at the Alario Center in Westwego, Louisiana. It will air on TNA+. It will be the 17th event under the Sacrifice chronology.

TNA+
TNA+ is a professional wrestling video streaming service that launched on May 1, 2019. It is owned and operated by Anthem Sports & Entertainment, the parent company of professional wrestling promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

Originally known as Impact Plus, and succeeding the previous Global Wrestling Network (GWN) service, TNA+ offers library content and exclusive live monthly premium events. Since its 2024 relaunch as TNA+, the platform has utilized the technology and ecosystem of Endeavor Streaming.
Dagmar Nordstrom
Dagmar Nordstrom (December 12, 1903 – April 9, 1976) was an American composer, pianist and singer. She performed together with her sister Siggie as a cabaret singing duo  known as The Nordstrom Sisters.

Milton Ager
Milton Ager  (October 6, 1893 – May 6, 1979) was an American composer, regarded as one of the top songwriters of the 1920s and 1930s.  His most lasting compositions include "Ain't She Sweet” and “Happy Days Are Here Again”.
Regnal year
A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin regnum meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of rule, a third year of rule, and so on, but not a zeroth year of rule.

Applying this ancient epoch system to modern calculations of time, which include zero, is what led to the debate over when the third millennium began. Regnal years are "finite era names", contrary to "infinite era names" such as Christian era, Jimmu era, Juche era, and so on.

Juche calendar
The Juche calendar (Korean: 주체력) was the system of year-numbering used in North Korea between 1997 and 2024. Named after a key concept of North Korea's state ideology, it begins with the birth of founding father Kim Il Sung, whose birth year, 1912 in the Gregorian calendar, is Juche 1 in the Juche calendar. The calendar was adopted in 1997, three years after the death of Kim Il Sung. It has been reported that as of October 2024 the calendar is no longer in use, in favor of the Gregorian calendar.
763 Cupido
763 Cupido (prov. designation: A913 SE or 1913 ST) is a Flora asteroid, tumbler and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 25 September 1913, by German astronomer Franz Kaiser at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The S/L-type asteroid has an exceptionally long rotation period of 151 hours. It was named by its Latin name after Cupid, the Roman god of erotic love, attraction and affection.

Franz Kaiser
Franz Heinrich Kaiser (25 April 1891 – 13 March 1962) was a German astronomer.

He worked at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl Observatory from 1911 to 1914 while working on his Ph.D. there, which he obtained in 1915. During this time, Heidelberg was a center of asteroid discovery, and Kaiser discovered 21 asteroids during his time there.

The outer main-belt asteroid 3183 Franzkaiser was named in his memory on 1 September 1993 (M.P.C. 22497).