hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gorehabba
11°46′43″N 77°01′31″E﻿ / ﻿11.778716°N 77.025208°E﻿ / 11.778716; 77.025208


Gorehabba (lit. 'cow dung festival' in Kannada) is a local Hindu folklore festival celebrated in a village called Gumatapura, a Kannada-speaking village which lies on the border shared by Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Gumatapura, also spelled Gumatapur, was formerly part of Chamarajanagar district in Karnataka and was transferred to Tamil Nadu following the States Reorganisation Act.

Dedicated to Beerappa, a god worshipped by Kurubas community. It is celebrated a day after Diwali's Bali Padyami, whereby the festival involves participants playfully throwing or smearing cow dung on one another as part of a local ritual tradition.

Cow dung
Cow dung, also known as cowpats or cow pats, cow pies, cow faeces, or cow manure, is the waste product (faeces) of bovine animal species. These species include domestic cattle ("cows"), bison ("buffalo"), yak, and water buffalo. Cow dung is the undigested residue of plant matter which has passed through the animal's gut, as well as water, gut bacteria, old red blood cells and digestive enzymes. The resultant faecal matter is rich in minerals. The colour ranges from greenish to blackish, often darkening soon after exposure to air.
Virumbugiren
Virumbugiren (transl. I would like) is a 2002 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Susi Ganeshan. The film stars Prashanth and Sneha, while Eswari Rao played a pivotal role which fetched her Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Character Artiste (Female) and Nassar, Livingston and Sriman portrayed supporting roles. Deva composed the film's music while K. V. Anand handled the film's cinematography. The film released after much delay across Tamil Nadu in December 2002.

The film went on to gain success before release in 2001, by winning four Tamil Nadu State Film Awards including Best Film and Best Director for Susi Ganesan. Sneha also won the Best Actress award, while Easwari Rao scooped the Best Supporting Actress award.

Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Character Artiste (Female)
The Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress is given by the state government as part of its annual Tamil Nadu State Film Awards for Tamil  (Kollywood) films. The award was first given in 1968 and stopped after 1970. The award is being given after 2000.
Mihailo Rašković
Mihailo Rašković (Titel, Austrian Empire, 1827 - Belgrade, Principality of Serbia, 3 October 1872) was a chemist, professor at the Belgrade Lyceum and the Visoka škola. he is best remembered in Serbia as one of the fathers of modern Chemistry along with Sima Lozanić and Marko Leko.

Rašković was a corresponding member of the Serbian Learned Society and a regular member since 13 January 1857. He was also a corresponding member of the Serbian Royal Academy: a regular member of the Department of Science and Mathematics, appointed  29 July 1864. Secretary of the Department of Science, Science and Mathematics (SUD) in 1867 and 1868.

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Latin: Academia Scientiarum et Artium Serbica; Serbian: Српска академија наука и уметности, САНУ, romanized: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (Serbian: Друштво србске словесности, ДСС, romanized: Društvo srbske slovesnosti, DSS).

The Academy's membership has included Nobel laureates Ivo Andrić, Leopold Ružička, Vladimir Prelog, Glenn T. Seaborg, Mikhail Sholokhov, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Peter Handke as well as, Josif Pančić, Jovan Cvijić, Branislav Petronijević, Vlaho Bukovac, Mihajlo Pupin, Nikola Tesla, Milutin Milanković, Mihailo Petrović-Alas, Mehmed Meša Selimović, Danilo Kiš, Paja Jovanović, Dmitri Mendeleev, Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Jacob Grimm, Antonín Dvořák, Henry Moore and many other scientists, scholars and artists of Serbian and foreign origin.
Isodontia elegans
Isodontia elegans, also known as the elegant grass-carrying wasp, is a species of solitary, nest-provisioning, thread-waisted wasp in the family Sphecidae that hunts orthopterans (grasshoppers, crickets, bush crickets, locusts, etc.).

I. elegans is described as having a generally black-color body,  rusty-red to yellowish abdomen, and see-through wings with some tinting. They were originally considered to be a species of western and southern North America, but have been found in the northeastern corner of the continent in increasing numbers. They seem to use pre-existing holes created by other insects for their nests and then outfit them with "finely chewed fibers of dead weeds and grass." The grass serves as a defensive barrier at one end of the nest; it keeps parasites from entering while the larvae feed on the paralyzed insects which have been stored in the nursery.

Isodontia elegans may be attracted to same kind of nest holes that appeal to blue orchard mason bees.

Sphecidae
The Sphecidae are a cosmopolitan family of wasps of the suborder Apocrita that includes  sand wasps, mud daubers, and other thread-waisted wasps.

The name Sphecidae was formerly given to a much larger grouping of wasps. This was found to be paraphyletic, so most of the old subfamilies have been moved to the Crabronidae.
Bank South Pacific
BSP Financial Group Limited (BSP) is the largest bank in Papua New Guinea, with 121 branches throughout the country and in 7 countries. BSP currently services over 650,000 business banking customers throughout the Pacific. As at 31 December 2022, BSP had total assets valued at K33.9 billion. Bank South Pacific is listed on the PNG Exchange Markets (PNGX) and, as of 25 May 2021, the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX).

Australian Securities Exchange
Australian Securities Exchange Ltd (ASX) is an Australian public company that operates Australia's primary securities exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange (sometimes referred to outside of Australia, or confused within Australia, as the Sydney Stock Exchange, which is a separate entity). The ASX was formed on 1 April 1987, through incorporation under legislation by the Parliament of Australia as an amalgamation of the six state securities exchanges. It merged with the Sydney Futures Exchange in 2006.

Today, ASX has an average daily turnover of A$4.685 billion and a market capitalisation of around A$1.6 trillion, making it one of the world's top 20 listed exchange groups and the largest in the southern hemisphere.

ASX Clear is the clearing house for all shares, structured products, warrants and ASX Equity Derivatives.
Dusty A. Johnson
Dusty A. Johnson is an American politician from Fort Morgan, Colorado, U.S. A Republican, Johnson is the representative for Colorado House of Representatives District 63, which includes all or part of the northeastern Colorado counties of Logan, Morgan, Phillips, Sedgwick, Washington, Weld, and Yuma, including the communities of Sterling, Fort Morgan, Brush, Yuma, and Wray.

Morgan County, Colorado
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,111. The county seat is Fort Morgan. The county was named after old Fort Morgan, which in turn was named in honor of Colonel Christopher A. Morgan.

Morgan County comprises the Fort Morgan, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Humphrey Weld (of Lulworth)
Humphrey Weld (22 January 1612 – 1685), DL, JP was an English lawyer, member of the Royal household, public official, landowner and property administrator who was elected to the House of Commons for Christchurch in Hampshire in 1661. Weld was a crypto-recusant who kept his religious allegiance secret in order to stay in public office during a turbulent political period in English history. He was appointed Cup-bearer to the Catholic Queen Henrietta Maria 1639-44 and later as Gentleman of the Privy Chamber 1668-85 under her son, Charles II. He served as a magistrate and in numerous other public roles in London, Middlesex, Cambridgeshire, Hampshire and in Dorset, where he was governor of Portland Castle. In 1641 he bought the Lulworth Estate in Dorset where he started the "Lulworth" line of the (recusant) Weld family which has continued for over 350 years.

Privy chamber
A privy chamber was the private apartment of a royal residence in England.

The Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber were noble-born servants to the Crown who would wait and attend on the King in private, as well as during various court activities, functions and entertainments. In addition, six of these gentlemen were appointed by the Lord Chamberlain, together with a peer, and the Master of the Ceremonies, to publicly attend to all foreign ambassadors. Their institution was owed to King Henry VII. As a singular mark of favour, they were empowered to execute the King's verbal command without producing any written order; their person and character being deemed sufficient authority.

Below Gentlemen in the hierarchy of the Privy Chamber were the Grooms of the Privy Chamber.
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi (Urdu: محمد حفيظ قريشى) (31 October 1930 – 11 August 2007), NI, SI, HI, known as Hafeez Qureshi, was a Pakistani nuclear scientist and a mechanical engineer, known for his role as a diagnostics engineer for his nation's nuclear capability.

His career was spent working at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology as overseeing the diagnostics on the subcritical experiments on the nuclear weapons where he gained expertise on engineering applications of nuclear physics.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Whoever Heard of a Ghost Dying?
Whoever Heard of a Ghost Dying? is the eighth episode of the 1969 ITC British television series Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased) starring Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope and Annette Andre. The episode was first broadcast on 9 November 1969 on ITV. The episode was directed by Ray Austin.

Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)
Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased) is a British private detective television series, starring Mike Pratt and Kenneth Cope respectively as the private detectives Jeff Randall and Marty Hopkirk. The series was created by Dennis Spooner and produced by Monty Berman, and was first broadcast in 1969 and 1970. In the United States, it was given the title My Partner the Ghost.

ITC Entertainment produced a single series of 26 episodes in 1968 and 1969, which was aired from September 1969 to March 1970. The pilot episode was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on 19 September 1969 by ATV in the Midlands. London Weekend Television broadcast the pilot two days later on 21 September 1969.

The series was remade in 2000, starring Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer.
Tamarin (software)
Tamarin is a discontinued free software virtual machine with just-in-time compilation (JIT) support intended to implement the 4th edition of the ECMAScript (ES4) language standard. Tamarin source code originates from ActionScript Virtual Machine 2 (AVM2) developed by Adobe Systems, as introduced within Adobe Flash Player 9, which implements ActionScript 3 scripting language. ActionScript Virtual Machine 2 was donated as open-source to Mozilla Foundation on November 7, 2006, to develop Tamarin as a high-performance virtual machine, with the support from broad Mozilla community, to be used by Mozilla and Adobe Systems in the next generation of their JavaScript and ActionScript engines with the ultimate aim to unify the scripting languages across web browsers and Adobe Flash platform and ease the development of better performing rich web applications.

ECMAScript
ECMAScript (/ˈɛkməskrɪpt/; ES) is a standard for scripting languages including JavaScript, JScript, and ActionScript. It is best known as a JavaScript standard intended to ensure the interoperability of web pages across different web browsers. It is standardized by Ecma International in the document ECMA-262.

ECMAScript is commonly used for client-side scripting on the World Wide Web, and is increasingly being used for server-side scripting and services using runtime environments such as Node.js, Deno and Bun.
Willis Marshall
Willis Thurman Marshall III (born August 12, 1975) is an American former professional football wide receiver / defensive back. He played college football at Youngstown State.

In his career, Marshall played for the Calgary Stampeders, Grand Rapids Rampage, Colorado Crush, Dallas Desperados, Georgia Force, Cleveland Gladiators, and Bossier-Shreveport Battle Wings. He won the 86th Grey Cup with the Stampeders in 1998.

Cleveland Gladiators
The Cleveland Gladiators were an arena football team based in Cleveland, Ohio, and members of the Arena Football League (AFL). The Gladiators played their home games at Quicken Loans Arena, which they shared with the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. The franchise was originally based in East Rutherford, New Jersey, and then later in Las Vegas, Nevada, before relocating to Cleveland for the 2008 AFL season. The Gladiators qualified for the playoffs eight times in their history, reaching the ArenaBowl in 2014.

The Gladiators announced that they would not play the 2018 and 2019 seasons due to renovations on Quicken Loans Arena that required it to close during the NBA offseason and were granted a two-season hiatus. Before the team could return in 2020, the league filed for bankruptcy and ceased operations.
Battle of Achir (1016)
The Battle of Achir was fought on June 1016 between the Zirid army of Al-Mu'izz, the Emir of ifriqiya, and the Hammadid army under the Hammadid Emir Hammad ibn Buluggin, this battle was part of the zirid-hammadid war which resulted in the splitting of the previous Zirid domains into two independent emirates. It took place near the medieval city of Achir located in the south of the city of Algiers, and was a decisive Hammadid victory.

Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis
Al-Muʿizz ibn Bādīs (Arabic: المعز بن باديس; 19 January 1008 – 2 September 1062) was the fourth ruler of the Zirids in Ifriqiya, reigning from 1016 to 1062. His regent was his paternal aunt Saïda bint Mansur until he reached majority.
Justified season 2
The second season of the American neo-Western television series Justified premiered on February 9, 2011, on FX, and concluded on May 4, 2011, consisting of 13 episodes. The series was developed by Graham Yost based on Elmore Leonard's novels Pronto and Riding the Rap and his short story "Fire in the Hole". Its main character is Raylan Givens, a deputy U.S. Marshal. Timothy Olyphant portrays Givens, a tough federal lawman, enforcing his own brand of justice in his Kentucky hometown. The series is set in the city of Lexington, Kentucky, and the hill country of eastern Kentucky, specifically in and around Harlan.

Harlan, Kentucky
Harlan is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Harlan County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Harlan had a population of 1,776.

Harlan is one of three Kentucky county seats to share its name with its county, the others being Greenup and Henderson.
Shenoy
Shenoy is a Konkani surname from coastal Karnataka and Goa in India. It is found among Hindus of the Goud Saraswat Brahmin community following Smartha Sampradaya of Kavale Matha or Madhva Sampradaya of either Gokarna Matha or Kashi Matha.

The name is also in use among some Brahmin Christian families of South Canara who trace their ancestry to the Goud Saraswat Brahmins of Karnataka, Kerala and Goa.

Gaud Saraswat Brahmin
Gaud Saraswat Brahmins (GSB) (also Goud or Gawd), also known as Shenvis are a Hindu community of contested caste status and identity. They primarily speak Konkani and its various dialects as their mother tongue.

They claim to be Saraswat Brahmins who initially migrated to Konkan from Gaud, per Puranic accounts. Upon moving out of Goa during Portuguese occupation, their claims of Brahminhood were rejected both to the north of Goa, by the Deshastha, Chitpavan and Karhade Brahmins of Maharashtra, and to the south, by the Nambudiri Brahmins of Kerala.

The GSBs were traditionally traders and even as early as the 1400s they conducted commerce across the Indian Ocean. In the Maratha empire, they also served as administrators.
Charles Bent (chess composer)
Charles Michael Bent was an English composer of chess endgame studies. He was born in Newbury, Berkshire on 27 November 1919 and died on 28 December 2004. Bent was the most prolific English endgame composer and one of the top ten in the world. He published as many as 848 studies, winning seven first prizes and 72 honours in international competitions.

Beginning in 1975, he edited the British Chess Magazine monthly study column for ten years and contributed several articles to the EG quarterly study magazine. In 1993, together with Timothy Whitworth, he published a selection of 288 of his best endgame studies, entitled The Best of Bent.

Bent received several awards in his lifetime. He was awarded the British Chess Federation President's Award, in recognition of his achievements in chess composition. The C. M. Bent Memorial Composing Tourney was held in 2006–07.

Endgame study
In the game of chess, an endgame study, or just study, is a type of chess problem that starts with a composed position—i.e. one that has been made up rather than played in an actual game—where the goal is to find the essentially unique way for one side (usually White) to win or draw, as stipulated, against any moves the other side plays. If the study does not end in the end of the game, then the game's eventual outcome should be obvious, and White can have a selection of various moves. There is no limit to the number of moves which are allowed to achieve the win; this distinguishes studies from the genre of direct mate problems (e.g. "mate in 2"). Such problems also differ qualitatively from the very common genre of tactical puzzles based around the middlegame, often based on an actual game, where a decisive tactic must be found.
Tillage Live
Tillage Live is the United Kingdom's largest national cultivations event (agricultural show). The show focuses on all aspects of crop establishment. It is organised each year by the Agricultural Engineers Association (AEA) on behalf of the industry. In 2012 the event attracted thousands of visitors to see around 55 exhibitors, including leading farm machinery manufacturers such as Claas, Pottinger, Lite-Trac, Opico and Kuhn, with 24 working demonstrations.

The event features agricultural equipment at work with the chance for operators to test machinery and learn about the new technologies developed by the manufacturers. It enables industry professionals to study options for cultivation and crop establishment techniques, soil management and gain CPD points for both BASIS and NRoSO (National Register of Sprayer Operators).

Agricultural machinery
Agricultural machinery refers to mechanical devices, vehicles, and structures used in farming or other agriculture. There are many types of such equipment, from hand tools and power tools to tractors and the farm implements that they tow or operate. Machinery is used in both organic and nonorganic farming. Especially since the advent of mechanised agriculture, agricultural machinery is an indispensable part of how the world is fed.

Agricultural machinery can be regarded as part of wider agricultural automation technologies, which includes the more advanced digital equipment and agricultural robotics. While robots have the potential to automate the three key steps involved in any agricultural operation (diagnosis, decision-making and performing), conventional motorized machinery is used principally to automate only the performing step where diagnosis and decision-making are conducted by humans based on observations and experience.
Lawang, Malang
Lawang is a district and town in Malang Regency, East Java and is geographically located in the mountains and surrounded by Mount Arjuno and Mount Semeru. It covers an area of 68.23 km2 and had a population of 103,402 at the 2010 Census and 110,981 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 113,187. It borders with Singosari District to the south (in Malang Regency) and Purwodadi district of Pasuruan Regency to the north.  Lawang is known as a resort town since the Dutch colonial era.

Tourist attractions in Lawang include Wonosari Tea Garden PTP XXIII, Polaman Baths, Swimming Pools, Krabayakan Tourism Village, and Mount Wedon. In addition, many historical buildings in Lawang are of Dutch origin.

Together with Singosari and Kepanjen, Lawang is known as the main buffer satellite city of Malang, and is included in the area of Malang Raya (Greater Malang).

Hurustiati Subandrio, Sukarno-era politician and wife of Foreign Minister Subandrio, was born in Lawang.

Singosari
Singosari is a district in Malang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 118.51 km2 and had a population of 165,357 at the 2010 Census and 180,050 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 182,656. It is situated about 400 m above sea-level, and is therefore quite cool especially from June to August. Temperature hovers around 18–20 degrees Celsius at night.
President of the University of Michigan
The president of the University of Michigan is a constitutional officer who serves as the principal executive officer of the University of Michigan. The president is chosen by the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan, as provided for in the Constitution of the State of Michigan. Fifteen people—fourteen men and one woman—have held the office, in addition to several others who have held it in either an acting or interim capacity.

The University of Michigan's current interim president is Domenico Grasso, former chancellor of the Dearborn campus. Grasso was appointed by the Board of Regents on May 8, 2025.

On January 12, 2026, Kent Syverud was elected to become the next president of the University of Michigan. Syverud is expected to assume the position by July 1.

Constitution of Michigan
The Constitution of the State of Michigan is the governing document of the U.S. state of Michigan. It describes the structure and function of the state's government.

There have been four constitutions approved by the people of Michigan. The first was approved on October 5 and 6, 1835, written as Michigan was preparing to become a state of the Union, which occurred in January 1837. Subsequent constitutions were ratified in 1850 and 1908. The current constitution was approved by voters in 1963.