hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martin Frobisher
Sir Martin Frobisher (/ˈfroʊbɪʃər/; c. 1535/1539 – 22 November 1594) was an English sea captain and privateer who made three voyages to the New World looking for the North-west Passage. He probably sighted Resolution Island near Labrador in eastern Canada, before entering Frobisher Bay and landing on present-day Baffin Island.

On his second voyage, Frobisher found what he thought was gold ore and carried 200 short tons (180 t) of it home on three ships, where initial assaying determined it to be worth a profit of £5.20 per ton (equivalent to £1,900 per ton in 2023). Encouraged, Frobisher returned to Canada with an even larger fleet and dug several mines around Frobisher Bay. He carried 1,350 tons of the ore back to England, where, after years of smelting, it was realized that the ore was a worthless rock containing the mineral hornblende. As an English privateer, he plundered riches from French ships. He was later knighted for his service in repelling the Spanish Armada in 1588.

Altofts
Altofts is a village in the civil parish of Normanton and Altofts, in the City of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. It lies 5 miles (8 km) north-east from the centre of Wakefield and less than 1 mile (1.6 km) north-west of Normanton. The M62 runs close to the village to the north-east, and the Aire and Calder Navigation to the north-west.

It is part of the ward of Altofts and Whitwood, which also includes the western part of Castleford.
The Master of Nuremberg
The Master of Nuremberg (German: Der Meister von Nürnberg) is a 1927 German silent historical comedy film directed by Ludwig Berger and starring Rudolf Rittner, Max Gülstorff and Gustav Fröhlich. It is based on the 1868 opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by Richard Wagner. It was considered artistically unsuccessful because of its overly theatrical presentation. It is also known by the alternative title The Meistersinger.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Rudolf Bamberger.

After completing the film Berger emigrated to work in Hollywood, although he later returned to Germany.

Rudolf Bamberger
Rudolf Bamberger (21 May 1888 – January 1945) was a German art director. He worked as a set designer in German theatre and cinema during the Weimar era. Following the introduction of sound film, he produced several documentaries. He was the elder brother of the director Ludwig Berger, and was married to the actress Hanna Waag.

The Jewish Bamberger left Germany following the Nazi takeover, and settled in Luxembourg. He was later arrested by Nazi authorities during the German wartime occupation and was sent to Auschwitz, where he was murdered.
Rohan Bail
Rohan Bail (born 26 June 1988) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Bail began his junior football career playing for the Ferny Grove Falcons and after competing in numerous seasons with the club moved to the Mount Gravatt Football Club to continue with senior football.

He was recruited from Mount Gravatt in the Queensland Australian Football League with Melbourne's final selection, number 64 overall, in the 2008 AFL draft, after being overlooked in the previous two drafts.  He finished fourth in the 2008 Grogan Medal, awarded to the best player in the Queensland league.

Bail made his AFL debut in Round 19 of the 2009 AFL season, but had only one kick before he injured his quadriceps muscle.

He was delisted at the conclusion of the 2015 season, and in 2016  will play for St Kevin's Old Boys in Premier section of the VAFA.

Mount Gravatt Football Club
The Mount Gravatt Australian Football Club, nicknamed the Vultures, is an Australian rules football club which competed in the North East Australian Football League competition from 2011–2013 and as of 2014 is a member club of the Queensland Australian Football League., formed in 1964.
Neidermayer's Mind
Neidermayer's Mind is a demo tape by American nu metal band Korn. It was released in October 1993, and was produced by Ross Robinson. The demo is a rarity, but finished versions of the songs appeared on subsequent Korn albums. Three of the tracks ("Blind", "Daddy", and "Pradictable") appeared on their self-titled debut album (1994), while "Alive" was reworked and later featured on Take a Look in the Mirror (2003).

Ross Robinson
Ross Montgomery Robinson (born February 13, 1967) is an American record producer, best known for his discovery and work with rock/metal acts such as Korn, Glassjaw, The Blood Brothers, Slipknot, and Limp Bizkit, with his work with many of the acts giving him the moniker, The Godfather of Nu Metal. He has also produced and worked with other artists, including Tech N9ne, The Cure, Sepultura, and many others.
Photocathode
A photocathode is a surface engineered to convert light (photons) into electrons using the photoelectric effect.  Photocathodes are important in accelerator physics where they are utilised in a photoinjector to generate high brightness electron beams.  Electron beams generated with photocathodes are commonly used for free electron lasers and for ultrafast electron diffraction. Photocathodes are also commonly used as the negatively charged electrode in a light detection device such as a photomultiplier, phototube and image intensifier.

Image intensifier
An image intensifier or image intensifier tube is a vacuum tube device for increasing the intensity of available light in an optical system to allow use under low-light conditions, such as at night, to facilitate visual imaging of low-light processes, such as fluorescence of materials in X-rays or gamma rays (X-ray image intensifier), or for conversion of non-visible light sources, such as near-infrared or short wave infrared to visible. They operate by converting photons of light into electrons, amplifying the electrons (usually with a microchannel plate), and then converting the amplified electrons back into photons for viewing. They are used in devices such as night-vision goggles.
El Har Ihira
El Har Ihira (also written El Harihira) is a village in the commune of Sidi Slimane, in Megarine District, Ouargla Province, Algeria. The village is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) southwest of Sidi Slimane and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of Touggourt.

Sidi Slimane, Ouargla
Sidi Slimane (Arabic: ﺳﻴﺪي ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن) is a town and commune in Mégarine District, Touggourt Province, Algeria, located near the city of Touggourt. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 8,072, up from 6,822 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 1.7%.
Life Is Life (song)
"Life is Life" is a song by English folk band Noah and the Whale. The single served as the third single from the band's third studio album, Last Night on Earth. The single was released in the United Kingdom on 8 August 2011. It peaked at number 172 on the UK Singles Chart.

Last Night on Earth (Noah and the Whale album)
Last Night on Earth is the third studio album by the English indie folk band Noah and the Whale. It was released digitally on 4 March 2011, and physically on 7 March 2011 on Mercury Records. It peaked to number 8 on the UK Albums Chart. The first single from the album was "L.I.F.E.G.O.E.S.O.N.", and the song "Wild Thing" is available to download for free from their website.
Shenyangbeizhan station
Shenyangbeizhan (Chinese: 沈阳北站站; pinyin: Shěnyángběizhàn Zhàn) is a station on Line 2 and Line 4 of the Shenyang Metro. It is adjacent to Shenyang North railway station. The station opened on 30 December 2011.

Shenyang North railway station
Shenyangbei (Shenyang North) railway station (IATA: VWA) (simplified Chinese: 沈阳北站; traditional Chinese: 瀋陽北站; pinyin: Shěnyángběi Zhàn) is a railway station on several railways: the Harbin–Dalian section of the Beijing–Harbin High-Speed Railway, Jingha Railway, Hada Railway, Qinshen Passenger Railway, Shenda Railway, Shenji Railway, Jingha Passenger Dedicated Line and Hada Passenger Railway. It is located in Shenyang, Liaoning province, China.
Sold (McCormick novel)
Sold is a novel by Patricia McCormick, published in 2006. It tells the story of a girl from Nepal named Lakshmi, who is sold into sexual slavery in India. The novel is written in a series of short, vignette-style chapters, from the point of view of the main character. The 2014 movie Sold by Oscar-winning director Jeffrey D. Brown is based on the same novel.

Sold (2014 film)
Sold is a 2014 drama film directed by Jeffrey D. Brown based on Patricia McCormick's novel Sold.

The film is executive produced by Emma Thompson and produced by Jane Charles. The script was written by Joseph Kwong and Jeffrey D. Brown.
Canelos
Canelos is a rural parish of the canton of Pastaza, in the province of Pastaza. It is located to the southeast of the city of Puyo.

In the 1860s, Canelos was a canton itself, comprising the villages of Canelos, Sarayaku, Lliquino, Andoas and the Sapara and Jíbara tribes. In 1897, the "Oriental Region" was created, bringing Canelos into the province of Tungurahua. Eventually, the canton became a parish within the canton of Pastaza, now in the province of Pastaza.

Puyo, Pastaza
Puyo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuʝo]), also known as El Puyo, is the capital of Pastaza, a province in Ecuador. Puyo is located at an altitude of approximately 950 metres above sea level by the Puyo River, a tributary of the Pastaza River, which eventually leads into the Amazon River. True to its name, derived from the Kichwa word for "cloudy", the local climate is a wet one and the weather is often overcast.

Puyo was founded in 1899. Located between Baños, and the Amazonian cities of Tena and Macas, Puyo is the commercial, cultural and political capital of the region. In late 2006, the city had approximately 25,000 inhabitants. It was the fastest growing city in Ecuador in 2006. The seasonal changes in the climate are relatively small, and daytime temperature typically range between 18 and 24 °C, with sun and generally short, but heavy periods of rain daily.
Matsuzakaya
Matsuzakaya (松坂屋) (TYO: 8235, delisted) is a major Japanese department store chain operated by Daimaru Matsuzakaya Department Stores, a subsidiary of J. Front Retailing. When the chain was an independent company, Matsuzakaya Co., Ltd. (株式会社松坂屋, Kabushiki-gaisha Matsuzakaya), it had its headquarters in Naka-ku, Nagoya.

Naka-ku, Nagoya
Naka Ward (中区, Naka-ku; "Middle Ward") is one of the 16 wards of the city of Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the ward has an estimated population of 90,918 and a population density of 9,693 persons per km2. The total area is 9.38 km2.
Burmese–Siamese War (1792–1794)
The Burmese–Siamese War (1792–1794) or the Siamese Invasion of Tavoy was the conflict between the Kingdom of Burma under Konbaung dynasty and the Kingdom of Siam under the Chakri dynasty over the town of Tavoy and the Tenasserim Coast.

Siam under King Rama I attempted to claim the Tenasserim Coast and the towns of Tavoy and Mergui, which were former possessions of Siam during the times of Kingdom of Ayutthaya. The defection of Burmese governor of Tavoy to Siam in March 1792 gave Siam an opportunity to realize the goals. With Tavoy and Mergui under control, King Rama I planned an expedition into Lower Burma. However, King Bodawpaya of Burma, aiming to keep the Tenasserim Coast in Burmese control, sent his son Prince Thado Minsaw to counter Siamese offensives. The Siamese were soundly defeated in the Battle of Tavoy in January 1794 and retreated.

Tanintharyi Region
Tanintharyi Region, formerly Tenasserim Division and Tanintharyi Division, is a region of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the northern Malay Peninsula, reaching to the Kra Isthmus. It borders the Andaman Sea to the west and the Tenasserim Hills, beyond which lie Thailand, to the east. To the north is the Mon State. There are many islands off the coast, the large Mergui Archipelago in the southern and central coastal areas and the smaller Moscos Islands off the northern shores. The capital of the division is Dawei (Tavoy). Other important cities include Myeik (Mergui) and Kawthaung. The division covers an area of 43,344.9 square kilometres (16,735.6 sq mi), and had a population of 1,406,434 at the 2014 Census.
Kei Cozzolino
Kei Francesco Cozzolino (born in Shinjuku, Tokyo, November 9, 1987)  is a Japanese-Italian professional racing driver from Shinjuku, Tokyo. He competes in motorsport championships including the FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC), 24 Hours of Le Mans, Rolex 24 Hours at Daytona, and the Asian Le Mans Series with AF Corse. Cozzolino joined the 2024 Super GT series, driving a Ferrari 296 GT3 for PONOS RACING.

Formula Toyota
Formula Toyota was a spec racing series in Japan between 1991 and 2007. Many Japanese Formula One drivers, like Kazuki Nakajima and Toranosuke Takagi, made their racing debut in the Formula Toyota. The class folded after the 2007 season when it was effectively replaced by the Formula Challenge Japan.
Oitylo
Oitylo (Greek: Οίτυλο, pronounced Ítilo), is a village on the Mani Peninsula of the Peloponnese in southern Greece. It has a land area of 218.582 km2.

Oitylo is one of the oldest settlements in the Mani Peninsula. It was mentioned in the Iliad by Homer as Oetylus (Ancient Greek: Οίτυλος), as part of Menelaus' kingdom. In the Middle Ages, it grew to become the most important town in Mani. The only town in Mani that rivaled Oitylos in numbers of pirates was Skoutari.

Areopoli has surpassed Oitylo as the principal town of Laconian Mani. Since the 2011 local government reform Oitylo is part of the municipality East Mani, Laconia, of which it is a municipal unit. There are 91 villages in the municipality; the largest of these are Areópoli, Pyrgos Dirou and Oitylo.

Oitylo is known as Βίτσουλο (Vitsoulo) in the local Maniot dialect.

Laconia
Laconia or Lakonia (Greek: Λακωνία, Lakonía, [lakoˈni.a]) is a historical and administrative region of Greece located on the southeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. Since 2011, it has been administered as a regional unit, with Sparta as its capital. The word laconic—to speak in a blunt, concise way—is probably derived from the name of this region, a reference to the ancient Spartans who were renowned for their verbal austerity and blunt, often pithy remarks.
History of food
History of food covers the history and the cultural, economic, environmental, and sociological impacts of food and human nutrition. It includes malnutrition and famines. See also culinary history, which focuses on the origin and recreation of specific recipes.  The historiography of studying food is covered in Food history.

European potato failure
The European potato failure was a food crisis that struck Northern and Western Europe in the mid-1840s. The time is also known as the Hungry Forties. The widespread failure of potato crops, caused by potato blight, with the correspondent lack of other staple foods was the direct cause of the crisis. Excess mortality occurred across all affected areas, with the highest casualty rates occurring in the Scottish Highlands and Ireland via the Highland Potato Famine and Great Famine respectively. 
Mass emigration occurred as a result.
1956 Moomba TT
The 1956 Moomba TT was a motor race for open and closed sports cars, staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 11 March 1956. 
It was the second Moomba TT, with a similar race having been run at Albert Park in 1955.
Contested over 150 miles, it was the feature race on the first day of a two-day race meeting which was conducted on the two Sundays of Melbourne's Moomba Festival. 
The meeting was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia for the Argus Moomba Motor Races Committee.

The race was won by  Tony Gaze driving a HWM Jaguar.

Albert Park Circuit
The Albert Park Circuit is a motorsport street circuit around Albert Park Lake in the suburb of Albert Park in Melbourne. It is used annually as a circuit for the Formula One Australian Grand Prix, the supporting Supercars Championship Melbourne SuperSprint and other associated support races. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 licence.

Although the entire track consists of normally public roads, each sector includes medium to high-speed characteristics more commonly associated with dedicated racetracks facilitated by grass and gravel run-off safety zones that are reconstructed annually. However, the circuit also has characteristics of a street circuit's enclosed nature due to concrete barriers annually built along the Lakeside Drive curve, in particular, where run-off is not available due to the proximity of the lake shore.
Sayhuite
Sayhuite is an archaeological site 47 kilometres (29 mi) east of the city Abancay, about 3 hours away from the city of Cusco, in the province Abancay in the region Apurímac in Peru. The site is regarded as a center of religious worship for Inca people, focusing on water. In the Monuments of the Inca by John Hemming, Hemming points to a colonial narrative that describes the interior of the Sayhuite temple. The temple featured larger columns draped in fabrics with gold bands the "thickness of one's hand." The temple was also under the care of the priestess Asarpay, who jumped to her death in the nearby 400 meter gorge to avoid capture by Spanish forces.

Abancay
Abancay (from Quechua language: Hamanqay, Amanqay, or Amankay, meaning lily), founded in 1572 as Santiago de los Reyes de Abancay, is a city in southern-central Peru. It is the capital of both the Apurímac Region and the Abancay Province, and serves an important cultural, economic, and political role in Apurímac.
Cestria (Epirus)
Cestria or Kestria (Ancient Greek: Κεστρία), also known as Ilium or Ilion (Ἴλιον), or Troja (Τροΐα), was a town in ancient Epirus. Its district was called Cestrine or Kestrine (Κεστρίνη) and Kestrinia (Κεστρινία), and was located in Chaonia, separated from Thesprotia by the river Thyamis. It is said to have received its name from Cestrinus, son of Helenus and Andromache, having been previously called Cammania or Kammania (Καμμανία). The principal town of the district was Cestria, but its more usual name appears to have been Ilium or Troja, in memory of the Trojan colony of Helenus. In the neighbourhood are those fertile pastures, which were celebrated in ancient times for the Cestrinic oxen. The inhabitants of the district were called Κεστρηνοί by the poet Rhianus.

The city is located near the modern Filiates, Greece.

Cestrinus
In Greek mythology, Cestrinus (Ancient Greek: Κεστρῖνος, romanized: Kestrînos, lit. 'pieces of the fish') is the only son of Helenus and Andromache, two survivors from Troy following its fall and sacking. Cestrinus was born and raised in Epirus, where he also founded his own kingdom after Helenus' death.
Oersted Medal
The Oersted Medal recognizes notable contributions to the teaching of physics. Established in 1936, it is awarded by the American Association of Physics Teachers. The award is named for Hans Christian Ørsted. It is the Association's most prestigious award.

Well-known recipients include Nobel laureates Robert Andrews Millikan, Edward M. Purcell, Richard Feynman, Isidor I. Rabi, Norman F. Ramsey,  Hans Bethe, and Carl Wieman; as well as Arnold Sommerfeld, George Uhlenbeck, Jerrold Zacharias, Philip Morrison, Melba Phillips, Victor Weisskopf, Gerald Holton, John A. Wheeler, Frank Oppenheimer, Robert Resnick, Carl Sagan, Freeman Dyson, Daniel Kleppner, Lawrence Krauss, Anthony French, David Hestenes, Robert Karplus, Robert Pohl, Francis Sears.

The 2008 medalist, Mildred S. Dresselhaus, is the third woman to win the award in its 70-plus-year history.

Daniel Kleppner
Daniel Kleppner (December 16, 1932 – June 16, 2025) was an American physicist who was the Lester Wolfe Professor Emeritus of Physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and co-founder and co-director of the MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms. His areas of science included atomic, molecular, and optical physics, and his research interests included experimental atomic physics, laser spectroscopy, and high precision measurements.

Working with Norman Ramsey Jr., he helped create the first hydrogen maser in 1960.

Together with Robert J. Kolenkow, he authored a popular textbook An Introduction to Mechanics for advanced students.
300 Main (Winnipeg)
300 Main (informally known as the Artis REIT Residential Tower) is a multi-family residential high-rise building on Main Street in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Standing at 141.7 metres  and 42 storeys, it is the tallest building in Winnipeg as well as in Manitoba.

Located near the intersection of Portage and Main in downtown Winnipeg, the building is connected to the Winnipeg Walkway System, as well as other buildings owned by Artis REIT, including 330 Main and the Winnipeg Square parkade. On its first floor is an Earls restaurant, which was previously located two blocks south, closer to The Forks.

This building, together with 330 Main and 360 Main, now spans an entire city block. It is the first residential building to be located at the 300 block near Portage and Main.

In March 2021, it reached the height of 128 metres (420 ft), passing 201 Portage, which had been Winnipeg's tallest tower since 1990.

Winnipeg Square
Winnipeg Square (also known as the Shops of Winnipeg Square) is an underground shopping mall located at Portage and Main in downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It was built in 1979 by Smith Carter Parkin for the Trizec Corporation, and has 45 stores and restaurants.

It also includes the 300 Main apartment block, 330 Main surface level retail complex, and the 360 Main Commodity Exchange Tower (also known as the Trizec Building). Winnipeg Square is connected to the Winnipeg Walkway through the Concourse which links all four corners of the city's main office district via an underground roundabout.

It has been estimated that 16,000 people pass through Winnipeg Square each weekday.
Peugeot 405 Turbo 16
The Peugeot 405 Turbo 16 is a coupé derived from the Peugeot 405 and the Peugeot 205 Turbo 16, built by Peugeot Talbot Sport for African rally raids in 1988. Driven by Ari Vatanen, the four wheel drive car won the Paris Dakar rally in 1989 and 1990. It won the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb in 1988 setting a record-breaking time of 10 minutes and 47 seconds in the hands of Vatanen. Footage from Vatanen's run was used to create the short film Climb Dance.

It had four wheel steering, a feature never before seen on a rally or hillclimb car. The engine sat very low in front of the right rear wheel with the turbo charger on the opposite side. It had a very good power-to-weight ratio with more than 600 horsepower for a car weighing barely 900 kilograms and could accelerate from zero to 200 km/h in less than 10 seconds.  The car was backed by a $1 million-plus budget from Peugeot.

Steering
Steering is the control of the direction of motion or the components that enable its control. Steering is achieved through various arrangements, among them ailerons for airplanes, rudders for boats, cylic tilting of rotors for helicopters, and many more.
Fara Gera d'Adda
Fara Gera d'Adda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Bergamo.

Fara Gera d'Adda borders the following municipalities: Canonica d'Adda, Cassano d'Adda, Pontirolo Nuovo, Treviglio, Vaprio d'Adda.

Province of Bergamo
The province of Bergamo (Italian: provincia di Bergamo; Bergamasque: proìnsa de Bèrghem) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Bergamo. The province has a population of 1,103,768 (2023), an area of 2,754.91 square kilometers (1,063.68 sq mi), and contains 242 comuni (municipalities).