hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daylight saving time by country
Daylight saving time (DST), also known as summer time, is the practice of advancing clocks during part of the year, typically by one hour around spring and summer, so that daylight ends at a later time of the day. As of 2026, DST is observed in most of Europe, most of North America and parts of Africa and Asia around the Northern Hemisphere summer, and in parts of South America and Oceania around the Southern Hemisphere summer. It was also formerly observed in other areas.

Daylight saving time in Asia
As of 2025, daylight saving time is used in the following Asian countries (especially Middle East):

Cyprus: From last Sunday of March to last Sunday of October; follows EU practice.

Egypt: From last Friday of April to last Thursday of October.

Israel: From Friday before the last Sunday of March to last Sunday of October; follows EU practice.

Lebanon: From last Sunday of March to last Sunday of October.
Goyaz Jê languages
The Goyaz Jê languages (also Northern Jê–Panará: 95 ) are a branch of the Jê languages constituted by the Northern Jê languages and Panará (and its predecessor Southern Kayapó).: 14–5  Together with the Akuwẽ (Central Jê) languages, they form the Cerrado branch of the Jê family.

Panará language
Panará (panãra pẽẽ, pronounced [panə̃ˈɾa ˈpẽj̃]: 131 ), also known as Kreen Akarore (from Mẽbêngôkre Krã jakàràre, pronounced [ˈkɾʌ̃ jaˈkʌɾʌɾɛ]) and spelled Panãra, is a Jê language spoken by the Panará people of Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is a direct descendant of Southern Kayapó. Although classified as a Northern Jê language in earlier scholarship,: 547  Panará differs considerably from the Northern Jê languages in its morphosyntax: 454  and has been argued to be a sister language to Northern Jê rather than a member of that group.
Decision cycle
A decision cycle or decision loop is a sequence of steps used by an entity on a repeated basis to reach and implement decisions and to learn from the results. The "decision cycle" phrase has a history of use to broadly categorize various methods of making decisions, going upstream to the need, downstream to the outcomes, and cycling around to connect the outcomes to the needs.

A decision cycle is said to occur when an explicitly specified decision model is used to guide a decision and then the outcomes of that decision are assessed against the need for the decision. This cycle includes specification of desired results (the decision need), tracking of outcomes, and assessment of outcomes against the desired results.

Decision-making
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rational or irrational. The decision-making process is a reasoning process based on assumptions of values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action.

Research about decision-making is also published under the label problem solving, particularly in European psychological research.
Women & I
"Women & I" is a song by Northern Irish singer Feargal Sharkey, released on 27 May 1991 as the second single from his third studio album Songs from the Mardi Gras. The song was written by Sharkey and Mick Kitson, and produced by Barry Beckett.

"Women & I" was the follow-up single to "I've Got News for You", which scored Sharkey a top 20 entry in the UK Singles Chart earlier in the year. "Women & I" failed to replicate its success and did not reach the top 75, stalling at number 86, but it was a radio hit and peaked at number 13 on the Music Week Playlist Chart in June 1991.

I've Got News for You (Feargal Sharkey song)
"I've Got News for You" is a song by Irish singer Feargal Sharkey, released on 25 February 1991 by Virgin Records as the first single from his third studio album, Songs from the Mardi Gras (1991). It was written by Sharkey and Dennis Morgan, and produced by Barry Beckett. The song reached No. 12 in the UK and No. 8 in Ireland.

A music video was filmed to promote the single, while Sharkey also performed the song on the UK TV music show Top of The Pops. The B-side, "I Can't Begin to Stop", was exclusive to the single. It was also written by Sharkey and Morgan, and produced by Beckett.
Mauldeth Road railway station
Mauldeth Road railway station (known as Mauldeth Road for Withington until 1974) serves the Ladybarn area of south Manchester, England. It is the first stop after Manchester Piccadilly on the Styal Line to Manchester Airport and Wilmslow, one of the most congested lines on the National Rail network; it was electrified in 1959.

Wilmslow railway station
Wilmslow railway station serves the town of Wilmslow, in Cheshire, England. It lies 12 miles (19 km) south of Manchester Piccadilly and 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Stockport on the Crewe to Manchester Line, a spur of the West Coast Main Line. It is a junction with the Styal line, which takes an alternative route  to Piccadilly via Styal, Manchester Airport and Heald Green.
I'm OK – You're OK
I'm OK – You're OK is a 1967 self-help book by psychiatrist Thomas Anthony Harris. The book presents transactional analysis as a method for addressing personal challenges.

The book made the New York Times Best Seller list in 1972 and remained there for almost two years. It is estimated by the publisher to have sold over 15 million copies to date and to have been translated into over a dozen languages.

Transactional analysis
Transactional analysis is a psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy wherein social interactions (or "transactions") are analyzed to determine the ego state of the communicator (whether parent-like, childlike, or adult-like) as a basis for understanding behavior. In transactional analysis, the communicator is taught to alter the ego state as a way to solve emotional problems. The method deviates from Freudian psychoanalysis, which focuses on increasing awareness of the contents of subconsciously held ideas. Eric Berne developed the concept and paradigm of transactional analysis in the late 1950s.
Helicopter Canada
Helicopter Canada (aka Hélicoptère Canada) is a 1966 Canadian documentary film  produced by the National Film Board of Canada and directed by Eugene Boyko. The film features aerial photography of all ten of Canada's provinces. Helicopter Canada, sponsored by the Canada's Centennial Commission, was produced for international distribution in both French and English language versions for Canada's 100th anniversary.

Canadian Centennial
The Canadian Centennial was a yearlong celebration held in 1967 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation. Celebrations in Canada occurred throughout the year but culminated on Dominion Day, July 1. Commemorative coins were minted, that were different from typical issues with animals on each — the cent, for instance, had a dove on its reverse. Communities and organizations across Canada were encouraged to engage in Centennial projects to celebrate the anniversary. The projects ranged from special one-time events to local improvement projects, such as the construction of municipal arenas and parks. The Centennial Flame was also added to Parliament Hill.  Children born in 1967 were declared Centennial babies.
Nuihau Laurey
Nuihau Laurey (born 29 December 1964) is a French Polynesian politician and former Cabinet Minister. He was vice-president of French Polynesia from 2014–2017 and one of the two senators for French Polynesia from 2015 to 2020. He was acting president of French Polynesia in 2014 between Gaston Flosse and Édouard Fritch's presidencies.

Gaston Flosse
Gaston Flosse (born 24 June 1931) is a French Polynesian politician who has been President of French Polynesia on five separate occasions. He is currently a member of the Senate of France and has been a French junior minister under Jacques Chirac. He received sentences for corruption, which are under appeal.
The Philosopher's Stone (novel)
The Philosopher's Stone is a 1969 horror novel by the English writer Colin Wilson. It tells the story of two researchers who find a way to reach a higher state of consciousness, which leads to frightening revelations about humanity's distant history. Like Wilson's 1967 novel The Mind Parasites, The Philosopher's Stone uses motifs from H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos.

The Mind Parasites
The Mind Parasites is a science fiction horror novel by English author Colin Wilson.  It was published by Arkham House in 1967 in an edition of 3,045 copies.  It was Wilson's first and only book published by Arkham House.

The book is developed within H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos.
Samsung SGH-E900
The Samsung E900, introduced in 2006, is a high-end mobile phone and is derived from Samsung's D500-D600-D800 series of slide phones. It is of a slide-up design and has touch-sensitive keys, similar to the LG Chocolate (KG800). It was one of the most popular phones at the time but was discontinued late 2007 when buyers then turned their attention to the Samsung D900i, followed by the Samsung U600, which was the slimmest phone by Samsung with a thickness of 1.09 cm (0.43 in) until the E840 was released.

Samsung SGH-D600
The Samsung SGH-D600 (and its successor, the D600i) is a GSM mobile phone released in the first quarter of 2005 made by Samsung Electronics.

The SGH-D600i is a later version of the SGH-D600, released in 2007 to address issues concerning microSD card support.
Paul Boffa
Sir Paul Boffa, OBE (30 June 1890 – 6 July 1962), was a Maltese politician and medical doctor who served as prime minister in the Colony of Malta after self-rule was reinstated by the British colonial authorities, following the end of the Second World War. He was created a Knight Bachelor by Queen Elizabeth II in 1956.

Prime Minister of Malta
The prime minister of Malta (Maltese: Prim Ministru ta' Malta) is the head of government, which is the highest official of Malta. The prime minister chairs Cabinet meetings, and selects its ministers to serve in their respective portfolios. The prime minister holds office by their ability to command the confidence of the Parliament, as such they sit as members of Parliament.

The prime minister is appointed by the president, in doing so, the president believes that the appointed individual is the most able to command the majority of the House of Representatives; typically, this individual is the leader of a political party or coalition of parties that hold the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives.

The prime minister is ex officio an appointee to the grade of Companion of Honour - K.U.O.M. (Kumpanju tal-Unur) of the National Order of Merit.
Late Ming peasant rebellions
The late Ming peasant rebellions (Chinese: 明末民變) were a series of peasant revolts during the last decades of the Ming dynasty lasting from 1628 to 1644. They were primarily caused by natural disasters in Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Henan. The rebels also composed from the followers of Xu Hongru, the leader of the White Lotus Societies who has been executed in 1622.

At the same time, the She-An Rebellion and Later Jin incursions forced the Ming government to cut funding for the postal service, which resulted in the mass unemployment of men in the provinces hit hard by natural disasters. Unable to cope with three major crises at the same time, the Ming dynasty collapsed in 1644.

Later Jin (1616–1636)
The Later Jin, officially known as Jin or the Great Jin, was a Jurchen-led royal dynasty of China and a khanate ruled by the House of Aisin-Gioro in Manchuria, as the precursor to the Qing dynasty. Established in 1616 by the Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci upon his reunification of the Jurchen tribes, its name was derived from the earlier Jin dynasty founded by the Wanyan clan which had ruled northern China in the 12th and 13th centuries.

In 1635, the lingering Northern Yuan dynasty under Ejei Khan formally submitted to the Later Jin. The following year, Hong Taiji officially renamed the realm to "Great Qing", thus marking the start of the Qing dynasty. During the Ming–Qing transition, the Qing conquered Li Zicheng's Shun dynasty and various Southern Ming claimants and loyalists, going on to rule an empire comprising all of China, stretching as far as Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Taiwan until the 1911 Revolution established the Republic of China.
Uruguayodon
Uruguayodon is an extinct genus of proterotheriid from the middle Pleistocene of Uruguay. It is known from the type and only species U. alius, named by Corona and colleagues in 2019 for dentaries and a partial postcrania from the Raigón Formation. Uruguayodon represents one of the latest occurrences of Proterotheriidae, with only Neolicaphrium representing other remains from the Pleistocene to possibly Holocene.

Neolicaphrium
Neolicaphrium is an extinct genus of ungulate mammal belonging to the extinct order Litopterna. This animal lived from the Late Pliocene (Chapadmalalan) to the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) in southern South America, being the last survivor of the family Proterotheriidae.
Flashpoint Beyond
Flashpoint Beyond is an American comic book published by the publishing company DC Comics. The seven-issue limited series—written by Geoff Johns, Jeremy Adams and Tim Sheridan and illustrated by Eduardo Risso, Xermánico and Mikel Janín—began its monthly publication from April 12 to October 18, 2022. It is the sequel to the limited series Flashpoint (2011) by Johns and Andy Kubert. The series received critical acclaim from critics, with critics praising the writing, art, action, and characters. The series would later go on to set up the events of The New Golden Age.

The New Golden Age
"The New Golden Age" is a crossover event in DC Comics publications. Written by Geoff Johns, the story follows the Justice Society of America unraveling a mystery following the Golden Age heroes and villains and the untold stories that come with it. The story comprises an eponymous one-shot and the central storyline in the ongoing Justice Society of America, as well as tie-in limited series like Stargirl: The Lost Children, Alan Scott: The Green Lantern, Jay Garrick: The Flash, and Wesley Dodds: The Sandman.

The event received highly positive reviews from critics.
Lessonia trabeculata
Lessonia trabeculata is a species of kelp, a brown alga in the genus Lessonia. It grows subtidally off the coasts of Peru and northern and central Chile, with the closely related Lessonia nigrescens tending to form a separate zone intertidally. Lessonia trabeculata kelp have gained a great economic importance for alginate production, and its harvest has greatly intensified along the Chilean coast during past two decades

Lessonia nigrescens
Lessonia nigrescens, the grey weed or giant grey weed, is a South American kelp species in the genus Lessonia.

There is at least two populations of the seaweed, marked by the difference in phenolic content. There is a subtidal population with higher phenol content and an intertidal population with a lighter phenol content. The difference in the phenolic content can be explained by the herbivory selection pressure due to the sea snail Tegula tridentata.

UV treatment induces the production of phlorotannins that accumulate in physodes.

This weed contains the phytosterol saringosterol that shows an inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth.
WWPW
WWPW (105.3 FM, "Power 105-3") is an Atlanta contemporary hit radio station. The station's transmitter is located in Newnan, Georgia and targets metro Atlanta, also covering its city of license of Bowdon, Georgia. It is owned by iHeartMedia and operates from studios located in Atlanta's Upper Westside district inside the Works ATL development. It addition to its main signal it is also simulcast on the HD2 subchannel of WRDG.

WRDG
WRDG (96.1 FM) – branded as 96.1 The Beat – is a commercial urban contemporary radio station licensed to Atlanta, Georgia. Owned by iHeartMedia, the station serves the Atlanta metropolitan area. The WRDG studios are located in Atlanta's Upper Westside district inside the Works ATL development, while the station transmitter resides in nearby North Druid Hills. Besides a standard analog transmission, WRDG broadcasts over three HD Radio channels, and is available online via iHeartRadio.
Jabalpur Junction railway station
Jabalpur Junction railway station (Station Code: 
JBP), is an A1 category railway station of Jabalpur City in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Jabalpur is the zonal and divisional headquarters of West Central Railway. It is located on the Mumbai-Prayagraj-Kolkata line. It has six main platforms. The railway station was ISO certified in April 2019. It is about 15 km from Dumna Airport and 3.7 km from Madan Mahal railway station.

Madan Mahal railway station
Madan Mahal Station (station code: MML) is a B category secondary main railway station of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. The railway station is ISO 14001:2015 certified. It is one of the first pink railway station of India. An extension of the platform is undergoing which would make it the 7th longest platform in India of length 750m approx.
Trab
A trab is a structural element within a sponge formed by the fusion of dendroclones.

In the Anthaspidellidae, when spicules (usually dendroclones) connect at their tips to form a ladder-like structure, trabs may be formed. Oxeas are sometimes employed in the central rod. Trabs have a feather-like structure, or may form rods.

Trabs are usually regularly spaced, usually at sub-millimetric intervals.  Further dendroclones may interconnect adjacent trabs, forming ladder-like structures.

The presence and alignment of trabs is often related to the internal structure of canals within sponges.

Sponge spicule
Spicules are structural elements found in most sponges. The meshing of many spicules serves as the sponge's skeleton and thus it provides structural support and potentially defense against predators.

Sponge spicules are made of calcium carbonate or silica. Large spicules visible to the naked eye are referred to as megascleres or macroscleres, while smaller, microscopic ones are termed microscleres. The composition, size, and shape of spicules are major characters in sponge systematics and taxonomy.
Bussa rebellion
The Bussa rebellion, also known as the Boussa rebellion, was a small insurrection in the town of Bussa against the policy of indirect rule in British-ruled Nigeria in June 1915. The rebellion was triggered by the British deposition of the local Emir of Bussa, Kitoro Gani, and his replacement with a Native Administration. The rebels attacked and killed around half of the members of the Administration, while the rest fled, leaving the rebels in control in Bussa. Despite the ongoing Kamerun campaign against the German Empire, the British were able to use a small force of soldiers which quickly suppressed the rebellion incurring no casualties. The Bussa Rebellion was the subject of a major work by British historian Michael Crowder.

Kamerun campaign
The Kamerun campaign took place in the German colony of Kamerun in the African theatre of the First World War when the British, French and Belgians invaded the German colony from August 1914 to March 1916. Most of the campaign took place in Kamerun but skirmishes also broke out in British Nigeria. By the Spring of 1916, following Allied victories, the majority of German troops and the civil administration fled to the neighbouring neutral colony of Spanish Guinea (Río Muni). The campaign ended in a defeat for Germany and the partition of its former colony between France and Britain.
Denison Mine
Consolidated Denison Mine, or the Denison Mine is an abandoned uranium mine located approximately 12.5 km north of Elliot Lake, Ontario. The site is bordered north by Quirke Mine and New Quirke Mine; on the east by Panel Mine and Can-Met Mine; and south by Spanish American Mine and Stanrock Mine.

It is owned by Denison Mines Ltd. The site has been rehabilitated and its tailings facility is currently undergoing environmental monitoring by Denison Environmental Services.

The site was the longest continuous operation in the area, from 1957 to 1992, during which time it produced 69 million tonnes of ore.

Can-Met Mine
The Can-Met Mine is an abandoned uranium mine located approximately 12.5 km northeast of Elliot Lake, Ontario, owned by Denison Mines Ltd. The site has been rehabilitated and its tailings facility (shared with the Stanrock Mine) is currently undergoing environmental monitoring by Denison Environmental Services.

The site was in operation from 1957 to 1960, during which time it produced 2.6 million tonnes of ore.
Picardy Spaniel
The Picardy Spaniel is a breed of dog developed in France for use as a gundog. It is related to the Blue Picardy Spaniel, and still has many similarities, but the Picardy Spaniel is the older of the two breeds. It is thought to be one of the two oldest continental spaniel breeds and was favoured by the French nobility, remaining popular for hunting after the French Revolution due to its weather resistant coat that enabled it to hunt in a variety of conditions and terrain. However its popularity waned following the influx of English hunting breeds in the early 20th century. Slightly smaller than an English Setter but larger than most of its spaniel cousins, it has no major health issues although as with many breeds with pendulous ears, it can be prone to ear infections.

English Setter
The English Setter is a medium-size breed of dog. It is part of the setter group, which includes the red Irish Setters, Irish Red and White Setters, and black-and-tan Gordon Setters. The mainly white coat has long silky fringes on the back of the legs, under the belly and on the tail. The coat features flecks of colour (known as ticking), and the different colour varieties are referred to as 'belton'.

As a gun dog, it is used to hunt for game such as quail, pheasant, and grouse. It is sometimes referred to as the Laverack or Llewellin Setter as these were famous strains of the breed during the major development period in the 19th century. Those from hunting stock are generally of a finer build and with less coat than those bred for show exhibition.
Operation Valiancy
Operation Valiancy (Filipino: Oplan Kagitingan) was the initial military operation of the 2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front which took place in Maguindanao (before the province's division), Philippines. The Philippine Army, primarily units of its 6th Infantry Division, assaulted Moro Islamic Liberation Front forces in the Talayan-Shariff Aguak-Datu Piang area of Maguindanao and captured Camp Omar ibn al-Khattab, its third largest camp located there. Camp Omar, named after Umar, a senior Sahabi of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, served as the headquarters of the 206th BIAF brigade under Ameril Umbra Kato and was defended by 500 guerillas. Camp Jabal Uhob, another MILF camp in the area, was also captured. Planned to be a week-long operation, Valiancy took only two days to realize its objectives.

2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
The 2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front was a military campaign conducted by the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) against a Muslim secessionist group that took place during the presidency of Joseph Estrada in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao in the Philippines. The campaign was waged "to weaken the Moro Islamic Liberation Front's capability to undermine the territorial integrity of the Philippines and inflict harm on both government personnel and civilians".