hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zafer Çağlayan
Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan (born 10 November 1957 in Muş) is a Turkish politician and former Minister. He is a member of parliament from the ruling Justice and Development Party and the former Minister of Economic Affairs under Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

Muş
Muş (pronounced [muʃ]; Armenian: Մուշ; Kurdish: Mûş) is a city in eastern Turkey and one of the principal cities of the predominantly Kurdish-inhabited region of eastern Anatolia. It is the seat of Muş Province and Muş District. Its population is 120,699 (2022). The city is majority Kurdish.
Morningside Hospital (Oregon)
Morningside Hospital was a psychiatric hospital in Portland, Oregon, United States. The hospital was contracted to provide care for people committed to psychiatric hospitals from Alaska from 1904 to 1960.

For nearly sixty years the hospital sat on a 47-acre parcel at the junction of SE Stark Street and 96th Avenue. Formerly agricultural land, the site was developed as a psychiatric hospital complex and working farm in 1910. In 1970 the site was redeveloped as a shopping mall and Adventist Medical Center.

Adventist Health Portland
Adventist Health Portland (formerly Portland Adventist Medical Center), is a 302-bed hospital serving 900,000 residents on the east side of the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area in the United States.  It is the primary teaching hospital of the Walla Walla University Nursing program.
Bhoopal Reddy
M. Bhoopal Reddy (born 1959) is a Telugu language writer and actor. He won the 2011 Kendra Sahitya Akademi Awards for Children's Literature for his work, Uggu Paalu, a compilation of 90 children stories.

Sahitya Akademi Award
The Sahitya Akademi Award  is a literary  honour in India,  which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 languages of the 8th Schedule to the Indian constitution as well as in English and Rajasthani language.

Established in 1954, the award comprises a plaque and a cash prize of ₹ 100,000. The award's purpose is to recognise and promote excellence in Indian writing and acknowledge new trends. The annual process of selecting awardees runs for the preceding 12 months. The plaque awarded by the Sahitya Akademi was designed by the Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray. Prior to this, the plaque occasionally was made of marble, but this practice was discontinued because of its excessive weight. During the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, the plaque was substituted with national savings bonds.
Frank Harrison (academic)
Frank Harrison Jr. (November 21, 1913 – August 9, 2013) was an American physician, professor and university administrator.

Harrison was born in 1913 in Dallas, Texas, and educated at Southern Methodist University, Northwestern University and UT Southwestern Medical School. He received the B.Sc. Chemistry in 1957 from SMU, the M.Sc. (1936) and Ph.D. (1938) from Northwestern University and the M.D. from UT Southwestern Medical School in 1956. Harrison pursued a long career of service within The University of Texas System, notably at UT Southwestern, University of Texas at Arlington and University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.

University of Texas at Arlington
The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA or UT Arlington) is a public research university in Arlington, Texas, United States. It is the second oldest university in the University of Texas System and was founded in 1895. It was in the Texas A&M University System for several decades until joining the University of Texas System in 1965.

The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". The fall 2024 campus enrollment consisted of 41,613 students making it the second largest university in the UT System after UT Austin, in North Texas and fifth-largest in Texas. UT Arlington is the third-largest producer of college graduates in Texas and offers over 180 baccalaureate, masters, and doctoral degree programs.

UT Arlington participates in 15 intercollegiate sports as a Division I member of the NCAA and Western Athletic Conference. UTA sports teams have been known as the Mavericks since 1971.
Erky Perky
Erky Perky is an  CGI-animated television series on YTV developed by CCI Entertainment and Ambience Entertainment, with CGI animation by Australian Visual Effects company The LaB Sydney. It follows two bickering, dim-witted insects, Erky and Perky, who live at a hot dog stand before accidentally being taken to a house. They try to settle into the house, living with fellow house bugs, and hunting for food in a very clean kitchen.

CCI Entertainment
CCI Entertainment Ltd. (Cambium Catalyst International) is a Canadian television production company that focuses on the production of television shows and feature-length films. The company was formed in February 2002 as a merger between Cambium Entertainment and Catalyst Entertainment.
Chariton Review
The Chariton Review is an American literary magazine based at Truman State University in Kirksville, Missouri.  The journal was founded in 1975 by Andrew Grossbart.  Jim Barnes was the editor from 1976 to 2010.

Work that has appeared in Chariton Review has been short-listed for the Best American Poetry Series and The Pushcart Prize.

Among established writers whose work has appeared in The Chariton Review are David Wagoner, Michael Pettit, James Sallis, Ann Pancake, Gordon Weaver, Jacob Appel and David Lawrence.

Ann Pancake
Ann Pancake is an American fiction writer and essayist. She has published a novel, short stories and essays describing the people and atmosphere of Appalachia, often from the first-person perspective of those living there. While fictional, her short stories contribute to an understanding of poverty in the 20th century, and well as the historical roots of American and rural poverty. Much of Pancake's writing also focuses on the destruction caused by natural resource extraction, particularly in Appalachia, and the lives of the people affected.

Pancake believes that people from the Appalachian region of the United States have many qualities that the rest of Americans don't have, but should - such as the art of storytelling.
Hocking Canal
Hocking Canal was a 19th-century canal in southeastern Ohio that extended from Carroll to Athens, following the Hocking River through the Hocking Valley. A branch of the Ohio and Erie Canal, it was completed in 1843 and operated until its decline in the late 1800s, playing a significant role in the development of the coal and salt industries in the region.

Athens, Ohio
Athens is a city in Athens County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 23,849 at the 2020 United States census.  Located along the Hocking River within Appalachian Ohio about 65 miles (105 km) southeast of Columbus, Athens is best known as the home of Ohio University, a large public research university with an undergraduate and graduate enrollment of more than 21,000 students. It is the principal city of the Athens micropolitan area.
Crumpsall tram stop
Crumpsall is a Manchester Metrolink tram stop in Crumpsall, Manchester. It is on the Bury Line and in fare zone 2.  This stop was opened to Metrolink on 6 April 1992, after previously serving as a railway station from 1879 to 1991. This stop has step-free access.

The stop is located below-grade, the platforms south of and perpendicular to the Crumpsall Lane road bridge. It is the closest Metrolink stop to North Manchester General Hospital's main entrance, though Abraham Moss tram stop is closer to other areas and entrances to the hospital.

Crumpsall
Crumpsall is an outer suburb and electoral ward of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England, 3 miles (5 km) north of Manchester city centre, bordered by Cheetham Hill, Blackley, Harpurhey, Broughton, and Prestwich. The population at the 2011 census was 15,959. Historically part of Lancashire, Crumpsall was a township within the parish of Manchester, Salford hundred. North Manchester General Hospital is in Crumpsall.
Lucy Johnston
Lucy Johnston (born 1969) is a British journalist, currently health editor of the Sunday Express, and previously a staff reporter and investigative journalist for The Observer.

Johnston was a member of the original editorial team of The Big Issue in 1992. She has become known for her investigative articles on London's drug culture, deaths in police custody, animal research, and the pharmaceutical industry, and for her campaigns to improve healthcare provision to the elderly and mentally ill.

The Big Issue
The Big Issue is a United Kingdom–based street newspaper founded by John Bird and Gordon Roddick in September 1991 and published in four continents. The Big Issue is one of the UK's leading social businesses and exists to offer homeless people, or individuals at risk of homelessness, the opportunity to earn a legitimate income, thereby helping them to reintegrate into mainstream society. It is the world's most widely circulated street newspaper.
Keren Bergman
Keren Bergman is an American electrical engineer who is the Charles Batchelor Professor at Columbia University. She also serves as the director of the Lightwave Research Laboratory, a silicon photonics research group at Columbia University. Her research focuses on nano-photonics and particularly optical interconnects for low power, high bandwidth computing applications.

Charles Batchelor
Charles W. Batchelor (December 25, 1845 – January 1, 1910) was an inventor and close associate of American inventor Thomas Alva Edison during much of Edison's career. He was involved in some of the greatest inventions and technological developments in history.
Mapleworth Murders
Mapleworth Murders is an American comedy-mystery television series created and written by Paula Pell and John Lutz, who also star alongside J. B. Smoove and Hayley Magnus. It was directed by Claire Scanlon. Lorne Michaels and Seth Meyers serve as executive producers. It premiered on August 10, 2020, on Quibi. In 2023, the 12 episodes began streaming on The Roku Channel.

Annie Mumolo
Annie Mumolo (born July 10, 1973) is an American screenwriter, actress, comedian, and producer. She is  best known for co-writing the comedy film Bridesmaids with Kristen Wiig, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award and a BAFTA for Best Original Screenplay. She and Wiig then co-wrote, co-produced, and starred in Barb and Star Go to Vista Del Mar (2021). Mumolo also appeared in the films This Is 40 (2012), Afternoon Delight (2013), The Boss (2016), Bad Moms (2016), Queenpins (2020), and Confess, Fletch (2022).
Up Pops the Devil
Up Pops the Devil is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy drama film directed by A. Edward Sutherland. The screenplay concerns an advertising man (Norman Foster) who quits his job to become a novelist, upsetting his wife (Carole Lombard) and straining their marriage.  The film was released by Paramount Pictures. The screenplay is based on a 3-act play of the same name written by Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich; the play ran on Broadway for 148 performances from September 1930 to January 1931 at the Theatre Masque.

A. Edward Sutherland
Albert Edward Sutherland (January 5, 1895 – December 31, 1973) was a British-born film director and actor. Born in London, he was from a theatrical family. His father, Al Sutherland, was a theatre manager and producer and his mother,  Julie Ring, was a vaudeville performer. He was a nephew of both Blanche Ring and Thomas Meighan, who was married to Frances Ring, another of his mother's sisters.

Sutherland acted in 37 known films early in his career, beginning as a Keystone Cop in Tillie's Punctured Romance (1914), which starred Charlie Chaplin, Mabel Normand, and Marie Dressler.
SS Nikkin Maru
Nikkin Maru (日錦丸) was a 5,587-ton Japanese troop transport during World War II, which sank on 30 June 1944 with great loss of life.

Nikkin Maru was originally built in January 1920 as the West Ivan by the J. F. Duthie & Company in Seattle for the United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation. Renamed Golden West in 1928 and Canadian in 1937, she was confiscated by the Japanese in 1941 and renamed Hokusei Maru and finally Nikkin Maru.

Requisitioned by the IJA in early 1943. On 30 June 1944, Nikkin Maru was transporting around 3,200 men of the Japanese 23rd Army from Korea to Japan. The unescorted Nikkin Maru was discovered by the US submarine USS Tang and torpedoed and sunk in the Yellow Sea off Mokpo, Korea, at position 35°05´N, 125°00´E. 
Probably all 3,400 soldiers and crew members drowned, .

USS Tang (SS-306)
USS Tang (hull number SS-306) was a Balao-class submarine of World War II, the first ship of the United States Navy to bear the name Tang. She was built and launched in 1943, serving until being sunk by her own torpedo off China in the Taiwan Strait on 24 October 1944.

In her short career in the Pacific War, Tang sank 33 ships totalling 116,454 tons. Commander Richard O'Kane received the Medal of Honor for her last two engagements (23 and 24 October 1944).

Tang was sunk during the last engagement by a circular run of her final torpedo, going down in 180 ft (55 m) of water; 78 men were lost, and the 9 survivors were picked up by a Japanese frigate and taken as prisoners of war. This was the only known time that a Momsen lung was used to escape a sunken submarine.
Hall Creek (British Columbia)
Hall Creek is a creek in the Selkirk Mountains in the West Kootenay region of the Regional District of Central Kootenay in British Columbia, Canada. The creek is a tributary of the Salmo River and flows east into the river in the community of Hall, a few kilometres north of the town of Ymir and a few kilometres south of Nelson. The creek and the community of Hall were named for the Osner and Winslow Hall; brothers from Colville, Washington. The brothers were pioneers in the silver rush occurring in the kootenays in the late 1880s and early 1890s   In 1886, the brothers led the expedition to Toad Mountain which led to the creation of the Silver King mine, which in turn gave rise to the city of Nelson.

Hall, British Columbia
Hall (locally known as Hall Siding) is a small community in the Selkirk Mountains in the West Kootenay region of the Regional District of Central Kootenay in British Columbia, Canada, south of Nelson and north of Ymir. Hall Creek flows into the Salmo River in the community. British Columbia Highway 6 runs through it.

Hall is named for two brothers (Osner and Winslow Hall) from Colville, Washington, who came to Quartz Creek in 1886 and led an expedition that discovered gold, copper and silver deposits on Toad Mountain. They staked the Silver King mine, which in turn gave rise to the city of Nelson.

The post office was founded in 1898, closed in 1904, reopened in 1914 and closed again in 1925. The Nelson and Fort Sheppard Railway built a station here. One of the original streets still exists.
Wejdyki
Wejdyki [vɛi̯ˈdɨki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ryn, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) west of Ryn, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Giżycko, and 68 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Ryn
Gmina Ryn is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ryn, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-west of Giżycko and 71 km (44 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 211.21 square kilometres (81.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,986 (out of which the population of Ryn amounts to 3,006, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,980).
Ryeland
The Ryeland is one of the oldest English sheep breeds going back seven centuries when the monks of Leominster in Herefordshire bred sheep and grazed them on the rye pastures, giving them their name. It was introduced into Australia in 1919 and are classified as an endangered breed by the Rare Breeds Trust of Australia and also are one of the nine heritage breeds that were the foundation of the sheep and wool industry in Australia.  The Ryeland was one of the breeds used to introduce the poll gene (no horns) to the Dorset breed in the development of the Poll Dorset.
This breed is raised primarily for meat.

Leominster
Leominster (/ˈlɛmstər/ ⓘ LEM-stər) is a market town in Herefordshire, England; it is located at the confluence of the River Lugg and its tributary the River Kenwater. The town is 12 miles (19 kilometres) north of Hereford and 7 miles (11 kilometres) south of Ludlow in Shropshire. With a population of almost 12,000, Leominster is the largest of the five towns in the county; the others being Ross-on-Wye, Ledbury, Bromyard and Kington.

From 1974 to 1996, Leominster was the administrative centre for the former local government district of Leominster.
Fars (river)
The Fars (Russian: Фарс) is a river of southwest Russia, a left tributary of the Laba. It flows through the Republic of Adygea. The Fars is 197 kilometres (122 mi) long. It has a catchment area of 1,450 square kilometres (560 sq mi). The Psefir is a right tributary.

Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.
Pre-Columbian Peru
Peruvian territory was inhabited 14,000 years ago by hunters and gatherers.  Subsequent developments include the appearance of sedentary communities that developed agriculture and irrigation, and the emergence of complex socio-political hierarchies that created sophisticated civilizations, technology and monumental construction.

Department of Lima
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlima]; Jaqaru: Nimaja, [niˈmaxa]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's central coast, it is administered by a regional government based in Huacho, whose jurisdiction does not include the quasi-autonomous special regime of the province of Lima, coterminous with the country's capital, Lima.
Pangboche
Pangboche or Panboche is a village in Khumjung Village Development Committee of Solukhumbu District in Province No. 1 of Nepal at an altitude of 13,074 feet (3,985 m). It is located high in the Himalayas in the Imja Khole valley, about 3 kilometres northeast of Tengboche and is a base camp for climbing the nearby Ama Dablam and trekking. It contains a monastery, famed for its purported yeti scalp and hand, the latter of which was stolen. The village is inhabited mainly by Sherpas, and Sungdare Sherpa, a native of the village, held the record for summiting Everest five times in the Sherpa climbing history and in the world history of mountaineering in 1989. The Pangboche school was built by Sir Edmund Hillary's Himalayan Trust in 1963. North of the village is the Dughla lake and pass.

Yeti
The Yeti (/ˈjɛti/) is an ape-like creature purported to inhabit the Himalayan mountain range in Asia. In Western popular culture, the creature is commonly referred to as the Abominable Snowman. Many dubious articles have been offered in an attempt to prove the existence of the Yeti, including anecdotal visual sightings, disputed video recordings, photographs, and plaster casts of large footprints. Some of these are speculated or known to be hoaxes.

Folklorists trace the origin of the Yeti to a combination of factors, including Sherpa folklore and misidentified fauna such as bear or yak. The Yeti is commonly compared to Bigfoot of North America as the two subjects often have similar physical descriptions.
David McK. Key
David McKendree Key (February 4, 1900 – July 15, 1988) of Tennessee, a descendant of David M. Key, served as United States Ambassador to Burma from April 1950 to October 1951, and later as the Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs of the State Department. He graduated from Harvard College.

David M. Key
David McKendree Key (January 27, 1824 – February 3, 1900) was a United States senator from Tennessee, United States Postmaster General and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee and the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee.
Folke
Folke is a parish in the county of Dorset in southern England, situated in the Blackmore Vale, approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Sherborne. The parish has an area of 2,120 acres (8.6 km2) and is made of the villages of Folke and Alweston, and the hamlet of Bishops Down.

Dorset County Council's 2013 estimate of the population of Folke parish is 270. In the 2011 census figures have been published for the population of Folke parish combined with the small parish of North Wootton to the north; this was 339.

The Manor House in the hamlet of Folke dates from about 1500 and adjoins the early 17th-century parish church. The house of Font le Roi, sited by the road towards Sturminster Newton, was built as a gatehouse in the 15th century. Folke Wood is nearby.

Folke Wood
Folke Wood is a wood near Folke in Dorset, England. It was planted by the Woodland Trust in 1985. It consists of native broadleaved trees as well as apple and ash trees. The apple trees are the remains of an orchard which existed in the 19th century.
Erquelinnes
Erquelinnes (French pronunciation: [ɛʁkəlin] ⓘ; Walloon: Erkelene) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

Located on the border with France, where the commune of Maubeuge lies, Erquelinnes had a total resident population of 9,549, in 2006. The total area is 44.23 km2 (17.08 sq mi) which gives a population density of 216 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Bersillies-l'Abbaye, Erquelinnes, Grand-Reng, Hantes-Wihéries, Montignies-Saint-Christophe, and Solre-sur-Sambre.

Grand-Reng
Grand-Reng (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃ ʁɑ̃]; Walloon: Grand-Rin) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Erquelinnes, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

It is located on the border with France, on the main road from Mons to Beaumont. Its French neighbour is called Vieux-Reng.

On 13 May 1794, the village was the site of the Battle of Grandreng when Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg's Austrian army defeated a French army under Louis Charbonnier.

50°20′N 4°04′E﻿ / ﻿50.333°N 4.067°E﻿ / 50.333; 4.067
Rheinwaldhorn
The Rheinwaldhorn (Italian: Adula) is the highest point in the Swiss canton of Ticino at 3,402 metres above sea level. It lies on the border between the cantons of Graubünden and Ticino, in the Adula massif, part of the St. Gotthard massif of the Adula Alps in southern Switzerland.

The mountain is known by different names, in German as Rheinwaldhorn or Adulahorn, in Italian as l'Adula or Piz Valrhein, in Romansh as Piz Valragn. The group of the snowy peaks lying between the two principal branches of the Rhine were known in the Middle Ages by the names Mons Aquila or Mons Avium. From the Romansh form of the first comes the name Adula, which is used to designate the north-eastern portion of the Lepontine Alps. The German name "Rheinwaldhorn" comes from the Rheinwald region.

Rheinwald
The Rheinwald (from Latin Rheni vallis meaning "Rhine Valley"; Romansh: Valrain) is a valley in the Canton of Grisons in Switzerland, the first section of the Hinterrhein valley. The river Hinterrhein flows through three valleys in the Grisons, the Rheinwald, the Schams and the Domleschg.