hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gas and Electricity Act 1968
The Gas and Electricity Act 1968 (c. 39) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which extended the powers of the Gas Council, the area gas boards and the Electricity Council to borrow money, including foreign currency, to meet their obligations; it permitted statutory gas and electricity bodies to render technical aid overseas; and allowed further member  appointments to the Electricity Council. The Act was principally in response to a rapid growth of the gas industry following the discovery of North Sea gas on the UK Continental Shelf in 1965.

Gas board
The area gas boards were created under the provisions of the Gas Act 1948 enacted by Clement Attlee's post-war Labour government. The act nationalised the British gas industry and also created the Gas Council.
William Appling
William Thomas Appling (November 3, 1932 - August 29, 2008) was a renowned American conductor, pianist, educator and arranger. As a conductor he led the William Appling Singers & Orchestra for almost twenty-five years and conducted other choirs and musical organizations, premiering new works by many American composers.  As a pianist he played under the batons of conductors including Robert Shaw, Louis Lane, and Darius Milhaud, and he was the first African American to record the complete piano music of Scott Joplin.  As an educator he taught at American schools and universities including Vassar College, Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Institute of Music and Western Reserve Academy.  He made a number of recordings as both conductor and pianist, and his choral arrangements have been performed and recorded by such prominent ensembles as Chanticleer, Cantus and Dale Warland Singers.

Robert Shaw (conductor)
Robert Lawson Shaw (30 April 1916 – 25 January 1999) was an American conductor most famous for his work with his namesake Chorale, with the Cleveland Orchestra and Chorus, and the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Chorus. He was known for drawing public attention to choral music through his wide-ranging influence and mentoring of younger conductors, the high standard of his recordings, his support for racial integration in his choruses, and his support for modern music, winning many awards throughout his career.
West Africa Cricket Council
The West Africa Cricket Council was a regional body which organised cricket teams from Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.

It ceased to exist in 1997 with the formation of the African Cricket Association, which now oversees all cricket administration across the African continent.

The West African Cricket Council organised a unified team called the West African Cricket Team. They never managed to qualify for the ICC Cricket World Cup, although they competed in the ICC Trophy on three occasions.

The team was an associate member of the ICC from 1976 until 2003, when the member states of the West African Cricket Council came under the administration of the newly formed African Cricket Association.

Africa Cricket Association
The Africa Cricket Association (ACA) is an international body which coordinates the development of Cricket in Africa. The ACA was founded in 1997. It is subordinate to the International Cricket Council, the council is the continent's regional administrative body, and currently  has 24 member associations.

The role of the ACA includes promoting the development of cricket in Africa and organising some regional tournaments. These have included the ACA Africa T20 Cup and the Africa Women's Twenty20 Championship. The role of the ACA is complementary to the International Cricket Council (ICC), which organises the regional qualifying tournaments for global events.
Graeme Sturges
Graeme Lindsay Sturges (born 31 May 1955) is an Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 2002 to 2010 and 2011 to 2014, representing the Hobart-based electorate of Denison. He was elected twice before losing his seat in 2010, regained it in a countback following the resignation of David Bartlett in 2011, and retired at the 2014 election. He was the state Minister for Infrastructure from 2008 until 2010.

David Bartlett
David John Bartlett (born 19 January 1968) is an Australian former politician who served as the 43rd Premier of Tasmania from May 2008 until January 2011. He was a Labor Party member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly seat of Denison from 2004 to 2011 when he retired.
Codon reassignment
Codon reassignment is the biological process via which the way the genetic code of a cell is read is changed as a response to the environment. Typically codons, sets of three mRNA nucleotides, correspond to one specific amino acid. Codon reassignment is the exception to this rule. When a codon is reassigned, it codes for a new amino acid. This change in code can have immense consequences for the cell as protein structures are altered.

Genetic code
Genetic code is a set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.

The codons specify which amino acid will be added next during protein biosynthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. The vast majority of genes are encoded with a single scheme (see the RNA codon table). That scheme is often called the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though variant codes (such as in mitochondria) exist.
Dermot Healy
Dermot Healy (9 November 1947 – 29 June 2014) was an Irish novelist, playwright, poet and short story writer. A member of Aosdána, Healy was also part of its governing body, the Toscaireacht. Born in Finea, County Westmeath, he lived in County Sligo, and was described variously as a "master", a "Celtic Hemingway" and as "Ireland's finest living novelist".

Often overlooked due to his relatively low public profile, Healy's work is admired by his Irish literary predecessors, peers and successors alike, many of whom idolise him—among the writers to have spoken highly of him are Seamus Heaney, Eugene McCabe, Roddy Doyle, Patrick McCabe and Anne Enright. He won several literary awards, and was nominated for both the Booker Prize and the International Dublin Literary Award.

Aosdána
Aosdána (/iːsˈdɑːnə/ eess-DAW-nə, Irish: [iːsˠˈd̪ˠaːnˠə]; from aos dána, 'people of the arts') is an Irish association or academy of artists, each of whom must have produced a distinguished body of work of genuine originality. It was created in 1981 by the country's Arts Council on the initiative of a group of writers with support from the Taoiseach. Membership, which is by invitation from current members, is limited to 250 individuals; before 2005, it was limited to 200. Its steering body is a committee of 10, called the Toscaireacht.
Shaxi (Chaozhou)
Shaxi Town (simplified Chinese: 沙溪镇; traditional Chinese: 沙溪鎮; pinyin: Shāxī Zhèn) is a township-level administrative unit under the jurisdiction of Chao'an District, Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province, the People's Republic of China. 
It has a population of 57,677 (according to the census in 2010) and a total area of 33.41 km², with the population density of 1,726/km².

The Chaoshan Station of the Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway, serving Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang, is located in Shaxi Town.

Chaozhou
Chaozhou (Chinese: 潮州), alternatively Chiuchow, Chaochow or Teochew, is a city in the eastern Guangdong province of China. It borders Shantou to the south, Jieyang to the southwest, Meizhou to the northwest, the province of Fujian to the east, and the South China Sea to the southeast. It is administered as a prefecture-level city with a jurisdiction area of 3,110 km2 (1,200 sq mi) and a total population of 2,568,387. It is also the ancestral hometown of 2.7 million overseas Teochow people.

Along with Shantou and Jieyang, Chaozhou is a cultural center of the Chaoshan region.
Ethnic minorities in Lithuania
The government of Lithuania has made provision for ethnic minorities since 1918. A substantial Jewish group that existed up to World War II was almost eliminated in the Holocaust. The Census of 2011 showed that 15.8% of inhabitants belonged to ethnic minorities: the two largest groups were the Poles and the Russians, although the proportions had decreased since independence in 1989. Other minorities include the Samogitians - not classified in the Census - and the historically important Latvian-speaking Kursenieki.

Samogitians
Samogitians are the inhabitants of Samogitia, an ethnographic region of Lithuania. Many speak the Samogitian language, which in Lithuania is mostly considered a dialect of the Lithuanian language together with the Aukštaitian dialect. The Samogitian language differs the most from the standard Lithuanian language.

Whether Samogitians are considered to be a distinct ethnic group or merely a subset of Lithuanians varies. However, 2,169 people declared their ethnicity as Samogitian during the Lithuanian census of 2011, of whom 53.9% live in Telšiai County. The political recognition and cultural understanding of the Samogitian ethnicity has, however, changed drastically throughout the last few centuries as 448,022 people declared themselves Samogitians, not Lithuanians, in the 1897 Russian Empire census.
Wang Yong (politician, born 1955)
Wang Yong (Chinese: 王勇; born December 1955 in Gaizhou) is a Chinese politician who is currently a vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He previously served as a State Councilor of the People's Republic of China from 2013 to 2023.

From September 2008 to August 2010 he was the Director of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ). He then serves as the head of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) between August 2010 and March 2013. He was appointed as State Councilor in March 2013 and served as one until March 2023. In the same month, he was appointed a CPPCC vice chairman.

State councillor
A State Councillor of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国国务委员; pinyin: guówù wěiyuán) serves as a senior vice leader within the State Council and shares responsibilities with the Vice Premiers in assisting the Premier in the administration and coordination of governmental affairs.
Ouyang Lijian
Ouyang Lijian (traditional Chinese: 歐陽利見; simplified Chinese: 欧阳利见; pinyin: Ōuyáng Lìjiàn; 1825–1895), courtesy name Gengtang (賡堂; 赓堂; Gēngtáng), was a Chinese admiral of the Zhejiang Fleet that served Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang who was most notable for his participation at the Battle of Zhenhai during the Sino-French War.

Li Hongzhang
Li Hongzhang, Marquess Suyi (Chinese: 李鴻章; also Li Hung-chang; February 15, 1823 – November 7, 1901) was a Chinese statesman of the late Qing dynasty. He held important positions in the Qing government, including the Viceroy of Zhili, Huguang and Liangguang. He was the founder and commander of the Huai Army and the Beiyang Fleet, and a leader of the Self-Strengthening Movement.

One of the best-known Chinese figures of his time internationally, Li was the face of the Qing court in foreign affairs and was often compared to the "Oriental Bismarck." He antagonized the British by supporting Russia as a counterweight to Japanese expansion in Manchuria, and later fell out of favor domestically following China's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War. His legacy in China remains controversial, particularly over his role in suppressing several uprisings, his diplomatic record amid Western powers, and the mixed outcomes of his industrial and military modernization efforts.
Clever Hans
Clever Hans (German: der Kluge Hans; c. 1894 – c. 1916) was a horse that appeared to perform arithmetic and other intellectual tasks during exhibitions in Germany in the early 20th century.

In 1907, psychologist Oskar Pfungst demonstrated that the horse was not actually performing these mental tasks, but was watching the reactions of his trainer. The horse was responding directly to involuntary cues in the body language of the human trainer, who was entirely unaware that he was providing such cues. In honour of Pfungst's study, this type of artifact in research methodology has since been referred to as the Clever Hans effect and has continued to be important to the observer-expectancy effect and later studies in animal cognition.
Pfungst was an assistant to German philosopher and psychologist Carl Stumpf, who incorporated the experience with Hans into his further work on animal psychology and his ideas on phenomenology.

Animal cognition
Animal cognition encompasses the mental capacities of non-human animals, including insect cognition. The study of animal conditioning and learning used in this field was developed from comparative psychology. It has also been strongly influenced by research in ethology, behavioral ecology, and evolutionary psychology;  the alternative name cognitive ethology is sometimes used. Many behaviors associated with the term animal intelligence are also subsumed within animal cognition.

Researchers have examined animal cognition in mammals (especially primates, cetaceans, elephants, bears, dogs, cats, pigs, horses, cattle, raccoons and rodents), birds (including parrots, fowl, corvids and pigeons), reptiles (lizards, crocodilians, snakes, and turtles), fish and invertebrates (including cephalopods, spiders and insects).
Monte Attell
Monte Attell (July 28, 1885 – November 11, 1960), born in the Nob Hill neighborhood of San Francisco, California, United States, was an American boxer.

In his career he faced world bantamweight champion Jimmy Reagan and the lesser-known Danny Webster in title defenses, and after losing his title, Frankie Britt, champions Johnny Kilbane, and Joe Lynch. He took the vacant World Bantamweight title on June 19, 1909, by defeating the 1904 bantamweight title holder Frankie Neil. He held the title until February 22, 1910.

Johnny Kilbane
John Patrick Kilbane (April 9, 1889 – May 31, 1957) was an American featherweight boxer in the early part of the 20th century. He held the World Featherweight title from 1912 to 1923, the longest period in the division's history, having defended the title against four contenders during the reign. Statistical boxing website BoxRec lists Kilbane as the No. 2 ranked featherweight of all-time, while The Ring Magazine founder Nat Fleischer placed him at No. 5. The International Boxing Research Organization rates Kilbane as the 8th best featherweight ever. He was inducted into the Ring Magazine Hall of Fame in 1960 and the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1995.
Codename: Ocean Keeper
Ocean Keeper: Dome Survival is an isometric roguelike survival game developed and published by Ukrainian studio RetroStyle Games in 2024. Following an early access period that began in July 2024, the game was released for macOS, Windows, Android, PlayStation, Nintendo, and iOS. The Ocean Keeper 1.0 was released in May 2025, officially leaving Early Access.

The game follows the story of a Digger, whose shuttle crashed on an unknown underwater planet. The gameplay combines continuous fights with waves of monsters and mining levels to upgrade the playable Mech. Ocean Keeper: Dome Survival combines elements of video games like Vampire Survivors and Dome Keeper.

Dome Keeper
Dome Keeper is a 2022 tower defense video game developed by German studio Bippinbits and published by Raw Fury. It was released for Windows, macOS and Linux on 27 September 2022. In the game, players must defend themselves against alien creatures attacking their glass dome. After the current wave of enemies is defeated, the player may spend a limited amount of time to mine for resources underneath the dome, which they can use to upgrade their defenses and better fight against the next onslaught of enemies. The game received generally positive reviews on release.
302 West 12th Street
302 West 12th Street is a residential building facing west onto Abingdon Square Park in the Greenwich Village Historic District on the west side of lower Manhattan, New York City, United States.

It was built by the developer brothers Bing & Bing with the architectural firm of Boak & Paris. Russell M. Boak and Hyman F. Paris left the architectural firm of Emery Roth to start their own practice in 1927.

The building opened in late summer 1931 and currently houses 129 condominium apartments.

Abingdon Square Park
Abingdon Square Park is located in the New York City borough of Manhattan in Greenwich Village. The park is bordered by Eighth Avenue, Bank Street, Hudson Street and West 12th Street.

Abingdon Square Park is one of New York City's oldest parks, and at 0.25 acres (1,000 m2), one of it smallest. It is maintained by the Abingdon Square Conservancy, a community-based park association, in cooperation with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.
HMS Aveley
HMS Aveley was a Ley-class inshore minehunter of the Royal Navy. Aveley was built by J. Samuel White at their Cowes, Isle of Wight shipyard, being launched in 1953 and completing the next year. She remained in Royal Navy service until 1982, spending several years laid up in reserve, and from 1963 to 1980 was used for training at Portsmouth. In 1983, the ship was sold to the Woolwich Sea Cadets and renamed TS Woolwich. Woolwich was scrapped from November 1986.

Ley-class minehunter
The Ley class was a class of inshore minehunter built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1950s. They had pennant numbers in the series M2001. Eleven ships were built in the early 1950s, most of which were subsequently disarmed and used as training vessels, RNXS tenders, URNU vessels etc.
Holy Family Parish, Pittsfield
Holy Family Parish, designated for Polish immigrants in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, United States, was founded in 1912. It is one of the Polish-American Roman Catholic parishes in New England in the Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts. The parish closed in 2008.

Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pittsfield is the most populous city in and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses Berkshire County. Pittsfield’s population was 43,927 at the 2020 census. Although its population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third-largest municipality in Western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.

In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the number-one medium-sized community in the nation for the arts.
Alness railway station
Alness railway station is a railway station on the Far North Line, serving the town of Alness, on the Cromarty Firth, in the Highland council area of Scotland. The station is 28 miles 70 chains (46.5 km) from Inverness, between Dingwall and Invergordon. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

Inverness railway station
Inverness railway station serves the city of Inverness, in the Highlands of Scotland. It is the terminus of the Highland Main Line, the Aberdeen–Inverness line (of which the Inverness and Nairn Railway is now a part), the Kyle of Lochalsh line and the Far North Line.

The Aberdeen and Perth lines diverge at Millburn Junction, a short distance beyond Welsh's Bridge. Platforms 1–4 are 118 miles 3 chains (190 km) from Perth, via Carrbridge); Millburn Junction is 117 miles 37 chains (189 km) from Perth and 143 miles 39 chains (231 km) via Dava.
Web analytics
Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of web data to understand and optimize web usage. Web analytics is not just a process for measuring web traffic but can be used as a tool for business and market research and assess and improve website effectiveness. Web analytics applications can also help companies measure the results of traditional print or broadcast advertising campaigns. It can be used to estimate how traffic to a website changes after launching a new advertising campaign. Web analytics provides information about the number of visitors to a website and the number of page views, or creates user behaviour profiles. It helps gauge traffic and popularity trends, which is useful for market research.

Web traffic
Web traffic is the data sent and received by visitors to a website. Since the mid-1990s, web traffic has been the largest portion of Internet traffic. Sites monitor the incoming and outgoing traffic to see which parts or pages of their site are popular and if there are any apparent trends, such as one specific page being viewed mostly by people in a particular country. There are many ways to monitor this traffic, and the gathered data is used to help structure sites, highlight security problems or indicate a potential lack of bandwidth.

Not all web traffic is welcomed.
Some companies offer advertising schemes that, in return for increased web traffic (visitors), pay for screen space on the site.

Sites also often aim to increase their web traffic through inclusion on search engines and through search engine optimization.
Diehl (company)
Diehl Stiftung & Co. KG is a German corporate group headquartered in Nuremberg. It is owned by seven members of the Diehl family.

The group is divided into five corporate divisions. In 2023, the largest business segment by revenue was the Defence division (29.4%). Other segments are Aviation (27.1%), Metal (20.7%), Controls (11.5%) and Metering (11.3%).

Diehl Metall
Diehl Metall is a corporate division of the Diehl Stiftung & Co. KG, a worldwide operating industrial group with its head office in Röthenbach an der Pegnitz near Nuremberg, Germany. The production units of Diehl Metall are situated at 13 locations in Europe, Asia, South America and the US. With 3,420 employees the company generated a turnover of €917 million in 2017. Diehl Metall produces semi-finished products, forgings and rolled products, high-precision stamped parts with plating technologies as well as Schempp+Decker press-fit zones and metal-plastic compound systems. The company provides material development and production, sheet metal forming and forging technology as well as plating, press-fit, overmolding and assembling technology completely in-house.
Chhagalnaiya
Chhagalnaiya (Bengali: ছাগলনাইয়া) is a town in Feni district of Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. The town is the administrative headquarters and urban centre of Chhagalnaiya Upazila.The urban area of Chhagalnaiya is the biggest in Chhagalnaiya Upazila and 2nd most populous in Feni district. Chhagalnaiya is 14.6 km away from the district headquarter, Feni city while the distance from the Divisional Headquarter, Chittagong is 96.6 km. The nearest airport from Chhagalnaiya town is Shah Amanat International Airport.

Feni, Bangladesh
Feni (Bengali: ফেনী) is a city in the Chittagong Division of south-eastern Bangladesh, located in Feni District. It hosts the administrative headquarters of Feni District and Feni Sadar Upazila. At the 2022 Bangladeshi census, the city had a population of 234,350, making it the most populated city in the district and the 18th largest city in Bangladesh. Established in 1958, Feni is the oldest municipality in this region.