hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fixed-point space
In mathematics, a Hausdorff space X is called a fixed-point space if it obeys a fixed-point theorem, according to which every continuous function  has a fixed point, a point  for which .

For example, the closed unit interval is a fixed point space, as can be proved from the intermediate value theorem. The real line is not a fixed-point space, because the continuous function that adds one to its argument does not have a fixed point. Generalizing the unit interval, by the Brouwer fixed-point theorem, every compact bounded convex set in a Euclidean space is a fixed-point space.

The definition of a fixed-point space can also be extended from continuous functions of topological spaces to other classes of maps on other types of space.

Hausdorff space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a Hausdorff space (/ˈhaʊsdɔːrf/ HOWSS-dorf, /ˈhaʊzdɔːrf/ HOWZ-dorf), T2 space or separated space, is a topological space where distinct points have disjoint neighbourhoods.  Of the many separation axioms that can be imposed on a topological space, the "Hausdorff condition" (T2) is the most frequently used and discussed. It implies the uniqueness of limits of sequences, nets, and filters.

Hausdorff spaces are named after Felix Hausdorff, one of the founders of topology. Hausdorff's original definition of a topological space (in 1914) included the Hausdorff condition as an axiom.
Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time
Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time (also called An Allegory of Venus and Cupid and A Triumph of Venus) is an allegorical painting of about 1545 by the Florentine painter Agnolo Bronzino. It is now in the National Gallery, London. Scholars do not know for certain what the painting depicts.

The painting has come to be known as Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time, and it is generally agreed that these are the principal figures (with "Folly" representing this or the personification of a similar concept).  Cupid and Venus kiss in the foreground, while the putto Folly prepares to shower them with rose petals.  The bald Time, at the top, looks on and holds a cloth.  The meaning of the other three figures and the interactions between them all is much less certain.  The painting displays the ambivalence, eroticism, and obscure imagery that are characteristic of the Mannerist period, and of Bronzino's master Pontormo.

Folly (allegory)
Folly (Latin: Moria) was a common allegorical figure in medieval morality plays and in allegorical artwork through the Renaissance.  The depiction is generally of a young man, often similar in appearance to a jester or the tarot card, The Fool.  In contrast to the many obvious classical allusions in such works, the depictions owe little to the Greek goddess Atë.

In drama, the character tempts the protagonist into foolish action, successfully or not.  In an allegorical painting, the figure may be counterpoised to Prudence, representing a choice, or alone, representing the unwisdom of the actors in the painting.
The City Lady
The City Lady; Or, Folly Reclaim'd is a 1696 comedy play by the English writer Thomas Dilke. It was staged by Thomas Betterton's Company at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre with a cast that included George Bright as Grumble, Cave Underhill as Bevis, John Bowman as Bellardin, John Hodgson as Lovebright, Joseph Harris as Pedanty, John Freeman as Burgersditius, William Bowen as  Jasper, Elizabeth Barry as Lady Grumble, Elizabeth Bowman as  Lucinda, Elinor Leigh as Secreta and Abigail Lawson as Fidget.

Joseph Harris (stage actor)
Joseph Harris (c.1650–1715) was an English stage actor and playwright. His earliest known performance was in the United Company's The Bloody Brother in 1685. Earlier mentions an actor named Harris are likely to refer to an earlier lesser-known actor William Harris or even the celebrated Restoration performer Henry Harris. He remained with the United Company until 1695 when he joined Thomas Betterton's breakaway company at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre. He acted there until around 1705, although some reports have him still acting as late as 1715.

He wrote three plays The Mistakes (1690), The City Bride (1696) and Love's a Lottery (1699).
Melcroft, Pennsylvania
Melcroft is an unincorporated community in Saltlick Township in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along state routes 381 and 711, 10.9 miles (17.5 km) east-northeast of Connellsville. Melcroft has a post office, with ZIP code 15462, which opened on September 13, 1918.

Pennsylvania Route 381
Pennsylvania Route 381 (PA 381) is a 49.3-mile-long (79.3 km) state highway located in Fayette, and Westmoreland counties in Pennsylvania, United States. The southern terminus is the West Virginia state line near Elliottsville, Pennsylvania, where it continues as Preston County Route 8 to its southern terminus at WV 26 in Brandonville, West Virginia. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 30 (US 30) near Ligonier.
Studio West (film studio)
Studio West is a motion picture and television production facility in West Auckland, New Zealand. Opening in 1996, the studio became the primary filming location for the United States television series Power Rangers in 2002. The eight acre site, 20 minutes from the Auckland City Centre, features four sound stages, including the largest purpose-build sound-stage in Auckland, which opened in 2022.

In addition to Power Rangers, the studio has also been involved in the production of numerous films and television series, including The Vintner's Luck, Under the Mountain, Yogi Bear, Young Hercules and Xena: Warrior Princess.

Young Hercules
Young Hercules is a prequel series to the television series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys that originally aired on Fox Kids Network. After a pilot film aired on Feb. 17, 1998, the series  premiered on September 12, 1998, and ended on May 14, 1999, with a total of 50 episodes over the course of one season. It stars Ryan Gosling in the title role, who took over from Ian Bohen who starred in the pilot movie and four episodes of Hercules: The Legendary Journeys. The series was inspired by the Greek myths of Heracles.
Schweik's Awkward Years
Schweik's Awkward Years or Schweik's Years of Indiscretion (German: Schwejk's Flegeljahre) is a 1964 Austrian comedy film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Peter Alexander, Rudolf Prack and Gunther Philipp. It is based on the novel The Good Soldier Schweik by Jaroslav Hasek.

It was shot at the Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Fritz Jüptner-Jonstorff and Alexander Sawczynski.

Fritz Jüptner-Jonstorff
Fritz Jüptner-Jonstorff (1908–1993) was an Austrian art director who worked on more than a hundred films during his career. Jüptner-Jonstorff was one of the leading figures in his field in Europe, designing sets for films such as Victoria in Dover (1954) and Sissi (1955).
Palandöken Ice Skating Hall
Palandöken Ice Skating Hall (Turkish: Palandöken Buz Pateni Salonu), formerly GSIM Yenişehir Ice Hockey Hall (Turkish: GSİM Yenişehir Buz Hokey Salonu) or Erzurum Ice Skating Hall (Turkish: Erzurum Buz Pateni Salonu), is an indoor ice skating and ice hockey rink located at Ahmet Baba neighborhood of Palandöken district in Erzurum, eastern Turkey. It was opened in 2008.

Owned by the Youth and Sport Directorate of Erzurum Province (GSIM), the venue has a seating capacity of 2,000 spectators. The rink hosts also figure skating and short track speed skating events in addition to ice hockey games.

Palandöken, Erzurum
Palandöken is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 667 km2, and its population is 177,374 (2022). It covers the southern part of the urban area of Erzurum. It is named after Palandöken Mountain which is a ski resort. The district was created from part of the former central district of Erzurum in 2008.

The ice hockey venue Palandöken Ice Skating Hall was opened in 2008.
Columbus Avenue (San Francisco)
Columbus Avenue is one of the major streets of San Francisco that runs diagonally through the North Beach and Chinatown areas of San Francisco, California, from Washington and Montgomery Streets by the Transamerica Pyramid to Beach Street near Fisherman's Wharf. This street is home to several notable venues, such as Jack Kerouac Alley, named for poet Jack Kerouac, City Lights Bookstore, Vesuvio Cafe, Specs' Twelve Adler Museum Cafe (in an alley off Columbus), and Bimbo's 365 Club.

The street's original name was Montgomery Avenue, and was built in the 1870s. It was renamed Columbus Avenue in 1909.

Bimbo's 365 Club
Bimbo's 365 Club, also known as Bimbo's 365, is an entertainment club located at 1025 Columbus Avenue in San Francisco. It specializes in live rock and jazz shows. The location is one of San Francisco's oldest nightclub sites, and has operated under two names with a series of owners. The building started as Bal Tabarin in 1931, the same year that the 365 Club started at 365 Market Street. The two locations under separate ownership consolidated in 1951 to one location owned by Agostino "Bimbo" Giuntoli.
Merkel-cell carcinoma
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer occurring in about three thousand persons per year in the United States. It is also known as cutaneous APUDoma, primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, primary small cell carcinoma of the skin, and trabecular carcinoma of the skin. Factors involved in the development of MCC include the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV or MCV), a weakened immune system, or exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Merkel cell carcinoma usually arises on the head, neck, and extremities, as well as in the perianal region and on the eyelid. It ‘most often presents in an older white population with a male predominance'; 'median age of presentation falls within the late seventh decade, despite a broad age range (fourth to tenth decades).’ MCC is less common in children.

Merkel cell
Merkel cells, also known as Merkel–Ranvier cells or tactile epithelial cells, are oval-shaped mechanoreceptors essential for light touch sensation and found in the skin of vertebrates. They are abundant in highly sensitive skin like that of the fingertips in humans, and make synaptic contacts with somatosensory afferent nerve fibers. It has been reported that Merkel cells are derived from neural crest cells, though more recent experiments in mammals have indicated that they are epithelial in origin.

Merkel cells functionally resemble the enterochromaffin cell, the mechanosensory cell of the gastrointestinal epithelium.
Leninsk-Kuznetsky (city)
Leninsk-Kuznetsky (Russian: Ле́нинск-Кузне́цкий, Russian pronunciation: [ˈlʲenʲɪnsk kʊzˈnʲɛt͡skʲij]), known as Kolchugino (Кольчу́гино, pronounced [kɐlʲˈt͡ɕugʲɪnə]) until 1925, is a city in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, located on both banks of the Inya River (Ob's tributary). The population as of 2021 is 92,244.

Inya (river)
The Inya (Russian: Иня́, pronounced [ɪˈnʲæ]) is a river in Kemerovo and Novosibirsk Oblasts of Russia. It is a right tributary of the Ob. It is 663 kilometres (412 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 17,600 square kilometres (6,800 sq mi).

By the Inya lie the towns of Leninsk-Kuznetsky and Toguchin. The river flows through a rather densely populated area, and is crossed by several railway lines.
Kakhaberidze
The House of Kakhaberidze, archaically Kakhaberisdze (pl. -ebi) (Georgian: კახაბერი[ს]ძე[ები], literally "the sons of Kakhaber") was a noble family in medieval Georgia which held sway over the highland northwestern Georgian province of Racha from the 11th or 12th century to the 13th. The Kakhaberidze were a branch of the Liparitid-Baguashi, their dynastic name being derived from its early member Kakhaber known from a few inscriptions from Racha.

Duchy of Racha
The Duchy of Racha (Georgian: რაჭის საერისთავო, rach'is saerist'avo) was an important fiefdom in medieval and early modern Georgia, located in the western province of Racha, in the upper Rioni Valley in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus crest, and ruled by a succession of eristavi ("dukes") from c. 1050 until being transferred to the royal crown in 1789.
Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild karla (English: Men's Premier League), also known as Bónus deild karla for sponsorship reasons, is the highest men's professional basketball competition among clubs in Iceland, where play determines the national champion. It is organized by the Icelandic Basketball Federation (Icelandic: Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ).
The season consists of a home-and-away schedule of 22 games, followed by an eight-team playoff round. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals series are best-of-five. The bottom clubs are relegated, and replaced by the top team from the regular-season phase and the four-team playoff round winner of the second-level First Division (Icelandic: 1. deild karla).

KR (men's basketball)
The KR men's basketball team, commonly known as KR or KR Basket, is a professional basketball club based in Reykjavík, Iceland. It is the men's basketball department of Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur (English: Reykjavík Football Club) multi-sport club. It has won the Icelandic championship eighteen times, the most national championships in the men's top-tier league history. It won a record 6 national championships in a row from 2014 to 2019.
Poczałkowo-Kolonia
Poczałkowo-Kolonia [pɔt͡ʂau̯ˈkɔvɔ kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów Kujawski, within Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

Gmina Aleksandrów Kujawski
Gmina Aleksandrów Kujawski is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Aleksandrów Kujawski, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 131.64 square kilometres (50.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,874.
Ben Ramalingam
Ben Ramalingam (born April 1975) is a British researcher, strategist, innovator and author, currently Director of Strategy at British Red Cross, senior research associate at the Overseas Development Institute Politics and Governance programme  and advisor to the OECD Development Assistance Committee on innovation investments for development, humanitarian and human rights issues.

Ramalingam serves as a board member of the UK Global Grand Challenges Research Fund, a £1.5 billion fund to support cutting-edge research to address the challenges faced by low and middle-income countries. As well as his work at the Overseas Development Institute and the Institute of Development Studies, Ramalingam has advised the Red Cross, United Nations, and many national governments and NGOs.

Institute of Development Studies
The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) is a research and learning organisation affiliated with the University of Sussex in Brighton, England, and based on its campus in Falmer, East Sussex. It delivers research and teaching in the area of development studies.
Hapoel Be'er Sheva B.C.
Hapoel Be'er Sheva B.C. (Hebrew: הפועל באר שבע) is a professional basketball club based in Be'er Sheva, Israel. The team plays in the Israeli Basketball Premier League, the top tier of Israeli basketball and in the Balkan International Basketball League. It plays its home games in the Conch Arena.

Storm Warren
Storm Warren (born November 4, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Hapoel Ramat Gan Givatayim B.C. of the Israeli Basketball Premier League. He played college basketball for Louisiana State University before playing professionally in the Netherlands, Finland, France and Israel. Warren was named the Israeli National League Finals MVP in 2018.
Bolsover, Ontario
Bolsover is a village in Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, Canada, west of the village of Kirkfield at the junction of Kawartha Lakes Road 48 and Kawartha Lakes Road 46. The village is located to the south of Canal Lake. The community is likely named for Bolsover in Derbyshire, England.

Kawartha Lakes
Kawartha Lakes (2021 population: 79,247) is a single-tier municipality in Central Ontario, Canada. Though structured as a single-tier municipality, Kawartha Lakes is the size of a typical Ontario county and is mostly rural. It is the second largest single-tier municipality in Ontario by land area (after Greater Sudbury).

The main population centres are the communities of Lindsay (population: 22,367), Bobcaygeon (population: 3,576), Fenelon Falls (population: 2,490), Omemee (population: 1,060) and Woodville (population: 718).
Hannerl
Hannerl is a 1952 Austrian comedy film directed by Ernst Marischka and starring Johanna Matz, Adrian Hoven and Paul Hörbiger. It was shot at the Sievering Studios in Vienna. The film's sets were designed by the art director Fritz Jüptner-Jonstorff.

Fritz Jüptner-Jonstorff
Fritz Jüptner-Jonstorff (1908–1993) was an Austrian art director who worked on more than a hundred films during his career. Jüptner-Jonstorff was one of the leading figures in his field in Europe, designing sets for films such as Victoria in Dover (1954) and Sissi (1955).
Cobordism hypothesis
In mathematics, the cobordism hypothesis, due to John C. Baez and James Dolan, concerns the classification of extended topological quantum field theories (TQFTs). In 2008, Jacob Lurie outlined a proof of the cobordism hypothesis, though the details of his approach have yet to appear in the literature as of 2022. In 2021, Daniel Grady and Dmitri Pavlov claimed a complete proof of the cobordism hypothesis, as well as a generalization to bordisms with arbitrary geometric structures.

John C. Baez
John Carlos Baez (/ˈbaɪ.ɛz/ BY-ez; born June 12, 1961) is an American mathematical physicist and a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Riverside (UCR) in Riverside, California. He has worked on spin foams in loop quantum gravity, applications of higher categories to physics, and applied category theory. Additionally, Baez is known on the World Wide Web as the author of the crackpot index.
Achille Graffigna
Achille Graffigna (5 May 1816, San Martino dall'Argine - 19 July 1896, Padua) was an Italian composer and conductor. He composed a total of 18 operas, two of which premiered at La Scala in Milan: La conquista di Granata (1839) and Ildegonda e Rizzardo (1841). Several of his operas premiered at the Teatro Regio di Torino as well where he was also active as a conductor. His 1858 opera, Veronica Cybo, used a libretto by Giovanni Peruzzini.

San Martino dall'Argine
San Martino Dall'argine (Mantovano: San Martèn dl'Àrsan) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Mantua.
International Metro Van
The International Metro Van was a multi-stop truck manufactured by International Harvester. This vehicle was one of the earlier, mass-produced forward control vehicles, once commonly used for milk or bakery delivery, as well as ambulance services, mobile offices, and radio transmitter vans.  Typically, they were 1/2-, 3/4-, or 1-ton panel trucks that allowed the driver to stand or sit while driving the vehicle.

Variations included a passenger bus called a Metro Coach, a Metro partial cab-chassis with front-end sections (for end-user customization), and a cab-over truck called a "walk-in cab". The truck (also called a chassis cab) variation could be configured with a separate box or container for cargo transport or left open to be fitted with other equipment such as a compactor for a garbage truck or a stake bed.

Streamliner
A streamliner is a vehicle incorporating streamlining in a shape providing reduced air resistance. The term is applied to high-speed railway trainsets of the 1930s to 1950s, and to their successor "bullet trains". Less commonly, the term is applied to fully faired upright and recumbent bicycles. As part of the Streamline Moderne trend, the term was applied to passenger cars, trucks, and other types of light-, medium-, or heavy-duty vehicles, but now vehicle streamlining is so prevalent that it is not an outstanding characteristic. In land speed racing, it is a term applied to the long, slender, custom-built, high-speed vehicles with enclosed wheels.
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) is a nonprofit research university in Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Founded near the earliest local oil fields, initially as the College of Petroleum & Minerals (1963) in response to the booming energy industry of Saudi Arabia, the university centers around science, technology, engineering, and business subjects. The university ranks 5th and 7th globally in petroleum engineering & mining engineering, respectively, according to the QS subject rankings. In 2024, the university was ranked 5th globally for its number of U.S. utility patents, by the National Academy of Inventors (NAI),. In 2025, it placed first in the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region, based on Times Higher Education rankings, and in 2026, it reached 67th globally according to QS Ranking.  According to the NAI, KFUPM has consecutively held the record of the highest STEM patent-per-capita rate in the world since 2023.

Khalid A. Al-Falih
Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al-Falih (Arabic: خالد الفالح Khālid al-Fāliḥ; born 1960) is a minister of state and member of Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia, and he served as Minister of Investment of Saudi Arabia from 25 February 2020 to 12 February 2026. He served as Minister of Energy of Saudi Arabia and chairman of Saudi Aramco. He also has previously served as the Saudi Arabian Health Minister and Aramco's CEO.
Frank Grillo
Frank Anthony Grillo (born June 8, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for playing Brock Rumlow / Crossbones in the superhero franchise Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Sergeant Leo Barnes in The Purge franchise, and Rick Flag Sr. in the DC Universe (DCU). He has also appeared in Warrior (2011), The Grey (2011), End of Watch (2012), Zero Dark Thirty (2012), Wolf Warrior 2 and Wheelman (both 2017), and Boss Level (2020).

Grillo's television work includes the lead role in Kingdom (2014–2017) as well as recurring roles in Battery Park (2000), For the People (2002–2003), The Shield (2002–2003), Prison Break (2005–2006), Blind Justice (2005), The Kill Point (2007), Billions (2020), Tulsa King (2024), and Peacemaker (2025).

Battery Park (TV series)
Battery Park is an American sitcom television series starring Elizabeth Perkins and Justin Louis. The series was produced by Ubu Productions and DreamWorks Television and aired from March 23 to April 13, 2000, at 9:30 p.m Eastern time on NBC. The show was cancelled after four episodes. The series was about a police department in Battery Park, Manhattan, New York City.
Phlegmon
A phlegmon is a localized area of acute inflammation of the soft tissues. It is a descriptive term which may be used for inflammation related to a bacterial infection or non-infectious causes (e.g. pancreatitis). Most commonly, it is used in contradistinction to a "walled-off" pus-filled collection (abscess). A phlegmon is inherently dangerous due to its diffuse, uncontained nature; if left untreated, it may either be successfully localized by the immune system to form an abscess, or it may rapidly spread and lead to extensive tissue destruction (necrosis), gangrene, and life-threatening systemic infection (sepsis). A phlegmon can localize anywhere in the body. The Latin term phlegmōn is from Ancient Greek φλέγω (phlégō) 'burn'.

Pus
Pus is an exudate, typically white-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site of inflammation during infections, regardless of cause. An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess, whereas a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis is known as a pustule, pimple or spot.