hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Lyster Thornton
Robert Lyster Thornton (29 November 1908 – 28 September 1985) was a British-Canadian-American physicist who worked on the cyclotrons at Ernest Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory in the 1930s. During World War II he assisted with the development of the calutron as part of the Manhattan Project. He returned to Berkeley in 1945 to lead the construction of the 184-inch (470 cm) cyclotron, and spent the rest of his career there.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, Berkeley Lab) is a federally funded research and development center in the hills of Berkeley, California, United States. Established in 1931 by the University of California (UC), the laboratory is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administered by the UC system. Ernest Lawrence, who won the Nobel prize for inventing the cyclotron, founded the lab and served as its director until his death in 1958. Located in the Berkeley Hills, the lab overlooks the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
Violet Crown Trail
The Violet Crown Trail is a 30-mile (48 km) pedestrian and cycling trail in Austin, Texas. Established in 2006 by the Hill Country Conservancy, the trail follows Barton Creek from Zilker Park and Mopac Expressway southwestward before finally terminating at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. The trail is mostly made of decomposed granite but has various links that are only suitable for hiking.

Texas State Highway Loop 1
Loop 1 is a freeway that provides access to the west side of Austin in the U.S. state of Texas. It is named Mopac Expressway (or, according to some highway signs, Mopac Boulevard) after the Missouri Pacific Railroad (or "MoPac"). Local residents almost always use the name "MoPac" rather than calling the road by its number, which can cause much confusion, for few signs along the road use this name.

The original section of the highway was built in the 1970s along the right-of-way of the Missouri Pacific Railroad (now owned by Union Pacific), with the railroad tracks running in the highway median between West 8th Street and Northland Drive. To the north, the tracks run along the east side of newer sections of the highway from Northland Drive to Braker Lane.
Hikawa Shrine (Saitama)
Hikawa Shrine (氷川神社, Hikawa-jinja) is a Shinto shrine located in Ōmiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the two shrines claiming the title of ichinomiya of former Musashi Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on August 1. The district of Omiya, literally "Great Shrine", derives from the special favor shown by Emperor Meiji, who raised Hikawa above all other shrines in the Kantō region. It is the head of a network of approximately 280 Hikawa shrines mostly around the Kantō region.

Ichinomiya
Ichinomiya (一宮, also 一の宮 or 一之宮; first shrine) is a Japanese historical term referring to the Shinto shrines with the highest rank in a province. Shrines of lower rank were designated ninomiya (二宮, second), sannomiya (三宮, third), shinomiya (四宮, fourth), and so forth.

The term gave rise to modern place names, such as the city of Ichinomiya, Aichi, named after Masumida Shrine in the former Owari Province.
The Scalpel
The Scalpel is a commercial skyscraper in London, United Kingdom. It is located at 52 Lime Street, on its corner with 122 Leadenhall Street, in the City of London financial area. It is opposite the Lloyd's building and adjacent to the Willis Building. Completed in 2018, it is 190 m (620 ft) tall, with 38 storeys, and was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox.

The "Scalpel" name was originally a nickname but was subsequently designated as its official name, after it was coined by the Financial Times due to the building's distinctive angular design. This follows a trend of nicknaming new buildings based upon their shape; for example, the nearby 122 Leadenhall Street is also known as "The Cheesegrater". The building has also been noted for its similarity to a "play" media button due to how it looks from south of the River Thames.

122 Leadenhall Street
122 Leadenhall Street, also known as the Leadenhall Building, Leadenhall Tower or informally the Cheesegrater, is a 225-metre-tall (738 ft) skyscraper in central London. It opened in July 2014 and was designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners. The informal name references its wedge shape similar to the kitchen utensil.

The building adjoins the Lloyd's Building, also designed by Richard Rogers. The previous, 1960s building on the site was owned by British Land and had been designed by Gollins Melvin Ward. By December 2009, the site was cleared but construction stalled because of the 2008 financial crisis. The project was revived in 2010 by Oxford Properties in partnership with British Land.
Deep Cuts (The Choir album)
Deep Cuts is the 19th studio release, and 17th full-length studio album, by alternative rock band the Choir, released in 2021. This is the band’s first double album, and the Choir's first studio album to be recorded after the death of long-time bass guitarist Tim Chandler, who died in 2018.

Bloodshot (The Choir album)
Bloodshot is the 17th studio release, and 15th full-length studio album, by alternative rock band the Choir, released in 2018. This was the final studio album to feature bass guitarist Tim Chandler, who died in October that same year.
72nd Helicopter Squadron
The 72nd Helicopter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was last active as a flight, then as a squadron from 1991 to 1995 at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, where it provided light transport and assisted with search and rescue operations.

The squadron was first activated as the 72nd Liaison Squadron.  After training in the United States with various liaison aircraft, the unit initially deployed to North Africa but did not receive any aircraft until arriving in Italy in July 1944, mostly liaison and courier services for the Fifth Army.  Two flights of the squadron were transferred to Southern France in August and attached to the Seventh Army. The 72nd eventually earned an Army Meritorious Unit Commendation for its wartime service.  It briefly served in the occupation of Germany, before returning to the United States for inactivation.  The squadron was again active from 1946 to 1949.

Langley Air Force Base
Langley Air Force Base (IATA: LFI, ICAO: KLFI, FAA LID: LFI) is a United States Air Force base located in Hampton, Virginia, adjacent to Newport News. It was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established after the entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917.

In October 2010, Langley Air Force Base was joined with Fort Eustis to become Joint Base Langley–Eustis. The base was established in accordance with congressional legislation implementing the recommendations of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission. The legislation ordered the consolidation of the two facilities which were nearby, but separate military installations, into a single joint base, one of 12 formed in the United States as a result of the law.

On February 4, 2023, an F-22 Raptor took off from the base and shot down a Chinese balloon, marking the jet's first-ever combat air kill.
João de Deus (footballer)
João Carlos Pires de Deus (born 6 November 1976) is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a left back, and a manager. He is currently assistant manager Saudi Pro League club of Al-Nassr.

Having played no higher than the second tier, he began managing at age 31 with the Cape Verde national team. He led Gil Vicente and Nacional in the Primeira Liga and was assistant to Jorge Jesus at several clubs.

Gil Vicente F.C.
Gil Vicente Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒil viˈsẽtɨ]), commonly known as Gil Vicente, founded in 1924, is a Portuguese professional football club that plays in Barcelos. It plays their home matches at the Estádio Cidade de Barcelos. It competes in the Primeira Liga, the top division of football in the country, and it is named after Portuguese playwright Gil Vicente.

The club's founding occurred near the city's theater named after playwright Vicente. It first played in Primeira Liga in 1990-91. Since then, the team has been relegated to the second tier three times, having won back promotion twice by winning the Segunda Liga and once by administrative decision. The highest league finishes were two fifth-places in 1999–2000 and 2021–22. A women's football team was created for the 2018-19 season. The team has participated in the top tier, and currently has played six straight seasons in it.
Miguel Ángel Mufarech
Miguel Ángel Mufarech Nemy (Chiclayo, January 11, 1946) is a Peruvian accountant and politician. He was the first Regional President of Lima from 2002 to 2006, Regional Councilor of Lima (2015-2018), Constituent Congressman during 1992–1995, Senator (1985-1980), Deputy of the Republic (1980-1985) and Constituent Deputy since 1978 until 1980.

1978 Peruvian Constituent Assembly election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Peru on 18 June 1978. The American Popular Revolutionary Alliance, led by Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, emerged as the largest party, winning 37 of the 100 seats.

The military dictatorship declared that it would respect the results of the election.
Abductive logic programming
Abductive logic programming (ALP) is a high-level knowledge-representation framework that can be used to solve problems declaratively, based on abductive reasoning. It extends normal logic programming by allowing some predicates to be incompletely defined, declared as abducible predicates. Problem solving is effected by deriving hypotheses on these abducible predicates (abductive hypotheses) as solutions of problems to be solved. These problems can be either observations that need to be explained (as in classical abduction) or goals to be achieved (as in normal logic programming). It can be used to solve problems in diagnosis, planning, natural language and machine learning. It has also been used to interpret negation as failure as a form of abductive reasoning.

Negation as failure
Negation as failure (NAF, for short) is a non-monotonic inference rule in logic programming, used to derive  (i.e. that  is assumed not to hold) from failure to derive .  Note that  can be different from the statement  of the logical negation of , depending on the completeness of the inference algorithm and thus also on the formal logic system.

Negation as failure has been an important feature of logic programming since the earliest days of both Planner and Prolog. In Prolog, it is usually implemented using Prolog's extralogical constructs.

More generally, this kind of negation is known as weak negation, in contrast with the strong (i.e. explicit, provable) negation.
Macau national wushu team
The Macau Wushu Team represents Macau in IWUF international competitions. Despite its small size, the team has been represented by some of the most medal-winning wushu athletes in the competitive wushu circuit. The Wushu General Association of Macau was founded in 1988 by Edmund Ho.

International Wushu Federation
The International Wushu Federation (IWUF) is an international sport organization and the governing body for wushu in all its forms worldwide. The IWUF is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and is also a member of the ARISF, GAISF, FISU, IWGA, and the ISF.
PETase
PETases are an esterase class of enzymes that catalyze the breakdown (via hydrolysis) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic to monomeric mono-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (MHET).

The idealized chemical reaction is:

(ethylene terephthalate)n + H2O → (ethylene terephthalate)n-1 + MHET,

where n is the number of monomers in the polymer chain, though a trace amount of the PET breaks down instead to bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). PETases can also break down PEF-plastic (polyethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate), which is a bioderived PET replacement, into the analogous MHEF. PETases can't catalyze the hydrolysis of aliphatic polyesters like polybutylene succinate or polylactic acid.

Whereas the degradation of PET by natural (non-enzymatic) means  will take hundreds of years,  PETases can degrade it in a matter of days.

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Simon Rollo Gillespie
Simon Rollo Gillespie (born 26 May 1955) is a British conservator-restorer of fine art, and an art historian. He is known particularly for his work with Early British and Tudor portraits, although his practice extends across all periods from early paintings to contemporary artworks. Gillespie has been restoring art since 1978, and he appears frequently on the BBC Four series Britain's Lost Masterpieces, having previously appeared on the BBC1 art programme Fake or Fortune.

Fake or Fortune?
Fake or Fortune? is a BBC One documentary television series which examines the provenance and attribution of notable artworks. Since the first series aired in 2011, Fake or Fortune? has drawn audiences of up to 5 million viewers in the UK, the highest for an arts show in that country.

Fake or Fortune? was created by art dealer and historian Philip Mould, together with producer Simon Shaw. It is co-presented by Mould and journalist Fiona Bruce, with specialist research carried out by Bendor Grosvenor during the first five series, and professor Aviva Burnstock thereafter. Forensic analysis and archival research is carried out by various fine art specialists. Each series first aired on BBC One, except for series 3, which was shown mistakenly on SVT in Sweden before being broadcast in the UK.
Omar Sy
Omar Sy (French pronunciation: [ɔmaʁ si]; Fula: 𞤌𞤥𞤢𞤪 𞤅𞤭, romanized: Omar Si; born 20 January 1978) is a French actor.

Sy was initially best known in France for his comedy sketches with Fred Testot on the Service après-vente des émissions television show on Canal+ (2005–2012). He gained wider international recognition for his role in the 2011 comedy-drama film The Intouchables, which earned him the César Award for Best Actor, making him the first black recipient. He later appeared in larger productions such as X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), Jurassic World (2015), Two Is a Family (2016), Chocolat (2016), Inferno (2016), Transformers: The Last Knight (2017), Arctic Dogs (2019), the Netflix-produced series Lupin (2021–present), Jurassic World Dominion, and The Takedown (2022).

César Award for Best Actor
The César Award for Best Actor (French: César de la meilleure acteur) is one of the César Awards, presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding performance in a leading role of an actor who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony. Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie.
Benjamin Chaires
Benjamin Chaires Sr. (1786–1838) was an American planter, land owner, banker, and investor in Territorial Florida, who may have been the richest man in Florida in the 1830s. He was involved in the creation of the first railroads in Florida.

Florida Territory
The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30, 1822, until March 3, 1845, when it was admitted to the Union as the state of Florida. Originally the major portion of the Spanish territory of La Florida, and later the provinces of East Florida and West Florida, it was ceded to the United States as part of the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty. It was governed by the Florida Territorial Council.
History of the Jews in Portugal
The history of the Jews in Portugal reaches back over two thousand years and is directly related to Sephardi history, a Jewish ethnic division that represents communities that originated in the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain). In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Portuguese Jews emigrated to a number of European cities outside Portugal, where they established new Portuguese Jewish communities, including in Hamburg, Antwerp, and the Netherlands, which remained connected culturally and economically, in an international commercial network during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Jewish ethnic divisions
Jewish ethnic divisions refer to many distinctive communities within the world's Jewish population. Although "Jewish" has been described by external observers as an ethnicity itself, there are distinct ethnic subdivisions among Jews, most of which are primarily the result of geographic branching from an originating Israelite population, mixing with local communities, and subsequent independent evolutions.

During the millennia of the Jewish diaspora, the communities would develop under the influence of their local environments; political, cultural, natural and demographic. Today, the manifestation of these differences among the Jews can be observed in Jewish cultural expressions of each community, including Jewish linguistic diversity, culinary preferences, liturgical practices, religious interpretations, and degrees and sources of genetic admixture.
Zelina Vega
Thea Megan Trinidad Büdgen (born December 27, 1990) is an American professional wrestler. She is signed to WWE, where she performs on the SmackDown brand under the mononymous ring name Zelina (shortened from her previous ring name Zelina Vega).

Trinidad is also known for her time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where she performed under the ring name Rosita, and she was a one-time TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion (with Sarita), and for various independent promotions under her real name. In 2017, she debuted on WWE's NXT brand under the ring name Zelina Vega, where she predominantly served as the manager of Andrade "Cien" Almas. WWE released Trinidad in November 2020, but re-signed her less than six months later. Trinidad's ring name was temporarily changed to Queen Zelina after her Queen's Crown tournament win. She is a former one-time WWE Women's United States Champion and one-time WWE Women's Tag Team Champion (with Carmella).

WWE Women's United States Championship
The WWE Women's United States Championship is a women's professional wrestling championship created and promoted by the American promotion WWE, defended on the SmackDown brand division. It is one of two secondary women's championships on WWE's main roster, along with the WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship on Raw. The current champion is Giulia, who is in her record-tying second reign. She won the title by defeating previous champion Chelsea Green on the January 2, 2026, episode of SmackDown.
Erazem Lorbek
Erazem Lorbek (born February 21, 1984) is a Slovenian former professional basketball player. At a height of 6 ft 10+3⁄4 in (2.10 m) tall, he primarily played at the power forward position, but he was also capable of playing at the center position. A three-time All-EuroLeague Team member, he won the EuroLeague title with FC Barcelona in 2010.

Lorbek was also a regular member of the senior Slovenian national basketball team. He earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection, as he helped lead the Slovenian national team to a fourth-place finish at the 2009 EuroBasket.

FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team
The FIBA EuroBasket All-Tournament Team, or FIBA EuroBasket All-Star Five, is the FIBA Europe award that is bestowed upon the five best players of each FIBA EuroBasket tournament. Pau Gasol holds the record for the most selections in the All-EuroBasket Team, with a total of seven.
Roux Scholarship
The Roux Scholarship is a cooking competition for young chefs in the UK. Set up by the brothers Michel and Albert Roux, and now run by their sons Alain Roux and Michel Roux Jr. It was first run in 1984 with Andrew Fairlie being named the first winner. It has since been run on an annual basis, with winners either undertaking a three-month placement in a Michelin-starred restaurant, or receiving a bespoke training programme.

Alain Roux
Alain Roux (born 27 March 1968), is a British chef. Since 2002 he has been chef-patron of The Waterside Inn, which has held three Michelin stars since 1985. He is a member of the Roux family, and son of Michel Roux.
Max Gawn
Max Gawn (born 30 December 1991) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). A ruckman, 209 cm tall and weighing 111 kg, Gawn is capable of contributing in both the ruck and forward line. A basketballer and rugby union player at a young age, he pursued his career in Australian rules football and was drafted to the Melbourne Football Club with the thirty-fourth selection in the 2009 AFL draft. He made his AFL debut in the 2011 AFL season. Knee and hamstring injuries hampered his first four seasons in the AFL before he moved into the number-one ruck position at Melbourne in 2015 along with selection for the 2016 All-Australian team. Gawn was named as Melbourne's captain at the start of the 2020 AFL season, and in 2021 led the club to its first premiership since 1964.

2009 AFL draft
The 2009 AFL draft consisted of four opportunities for player acquisitions during the 2009/10 Australian Football League off-season. These were the trade week (held between 5 October and 9 October), the national draft (held on 26 November), the pre-season draft (15 December) and the rookie draft (15 December).
Jefferson Township, New Jersey
Jefferson Township is the northernmost township in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 20,538, a decrease of 776 (−3.6%) from the 2010 census count of 21,314, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,597 (+8.1%) from the 19,717 counted in the 2000 census.

Jefferson Township was formed as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 11, 1804, from portions of Pequannock Township and Roxbury. The township was named after Thomas Jefferson, the President of the United States at the time the Township was created. The township is situated in the northernmost part of Morris County bordering both Passaic and Sussex counties.

Passaic County, New Jersey
Passaic County (/pəˈseɪ.ɪk/ pə-SAY-ik or locally /pəˈseɪk/ pə-SAYK) is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey that is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the county was the state's eighth-most-populous county, with a population of 524,118, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 22,892 (+4.6%) from the 2010 census count of 501,226, which in turn reflected an increase of 12,177 (+2.5%) from the 489,049 counted in the 2000 census. The county is part of the North Jersey region of the state.

The most populous place in Passaic County is Paterson, the county seat, with 159,732 residents at the 2020 Census, more than 30% of the county's population, while West Milford covered 80.32 square miles (208.0 km2), the largest total area of any municipality and more than 40% of the county's area.
Joe Taylor (American football coach)
Joe Taylor (born May 7, 1950) is an American college athletics administrator and former football coach. He is the athletic director at Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, a position he has held since 2013. Taylor served as the head football coach at Howard University in 1983, Virginia Union from 1984 to 1991, Hampton University from 1992 to 2007, and Florida A&M University from 2008 to 2012, compiling a career college football coaching record of 232–96–4. Taylor led the Hampton Pirates to five black college football national championships (1994, 1997, 2004, 2005, and 2006) and eight conference titles. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2019.

Black college football national championship
The Black college football national championship, also named the HBCU football championship, is a national championship honor that, since 1920, has been regularly bestowed upon the best college football teams among historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) within the United States. The 2025 HBCU football champions are the South Carolina State Bulldogs.