hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Revolt of Rajab Ali
Rajab Ali Khan, also known as Havildar Rajab Ali, was a soldier of the Bengal Regiment who defected during the Sepoy Revolt of 1857. He commanded the rebels at Chittagong and was chased by British forces as far as Sylhet and Manipur.

Manipur (princely state)
The Manipur Kingdom, also known as Meckley,
was an ancient kingdom at the India–Burma frontier. Historically, Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by a Meitei dynasty. But it was also invaded and ruled over by Burmese kingdom at various point of time. It became a protectorate of the British East India Company from 1824, and a princely state of the British Raj in 1891. The princely state bordered the Assam Province in the west and British Burma in the east, and in the 20th century covered an area of 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq mi) and contained 467 villages. The capital of the state was Imphal.
National Garden, Tehran
The National Garden (Persian: باغ ملی, romanized: Bāq-e Melli) or Ministry of Foreign Affairs Gate is a historical and governmental compound in Tehran, Iran.

Formerly referred to as the Parade Square (میدان مشق, Meydān-e Mashq; میدان رژه, Meydān-e Rezhe), it used to be a military shooting range during the Qajar era. It was then turned into a public park for a short period, and eventually important governmental offices and museums were built around it.

Building number 9 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (formerly the "Police House"), the University of Art (formerly the "Cossack House"), Malek National Museum and Library, Post and Communication Museum, and the National Museum are situated in the compound.

National Museum of Iran
The National Museum of Iran (Persian: موزهٔ ملی ایران, romanized: Mūze-ye Melli-ye Irān) in Tehran houses the richest and largest collection of Iranian antiquities in the world. It is the world's most important institution for Iranian history and one of the most comprehensive museums globally, home to over 3 million artifacts. The institution is formed of two museums; the Museum of Ancient Iran and the Museum of the Islamic Era. The institution is also considered a major global research hub for archeology, and it includes multiple research departments, categorized by different historical periods. The museum is one of the oldest archaeological museums in West Asia, and one of the region’s earliest institutions dedicated to historical preservation.
Rajkumar Rawat
Rajkumar Rawat (Hindi: राजकुमार रावत) is an Indian politician and a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of India. He represents the Goverdhan constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party political party.

16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a. Sixteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 15 March 2012 as a result of 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 8 Feb to 3 March 2012. The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly has total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member) against a total strength of 404 members.
Green Cross (chemical warfare)
Green Cross (Grünkreuz) is a German World War I chemical warfare pulmonary agent consisting of chloropicrin (PS, Aquinite, Klop), phosgene (CG, Collongite) and/or trichloromethyl chloroformate (diphosgene, Surpalite, Perstoff).

Green Cross is also a generic World War I German marking for artillery shells with pulmonary agents (chemical payload affecting the lungs). The tip of the projectile with the fuse end painted green and a green cross at the bottom of the cartridge.

Other Green Cross mixtures were based on phosgene and/or diphosgene.

The first use of Green Cross was on May 31 1915 in a German offensive in Ypres. The mixture was chlorine-phosgene, with 95% and 5%.

Diphosgene
Diphosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula ClCO2CCl3.  This colorless liquid is a valuable reagent in the synthesis of organic compounds. Diphosgene is related to phosgene and has comparable toxicity, but is more conveniently handled because it is a liquid, whereas phosgene is a gas.
Gerald Fagan
Gerald Richard Fagan CM OOnt (born 1939) is considered one of Canada's premier choral conductors. He is the former conductor and artistic director of Fanshawe Chorus London, The Gerald Fagan Singers, and the Concert Players Orchestra. He has been married to Marlene Fagan since 1961. They have five children: Leslie, Louise, Judy, Jennifer and Jonathon.

Order of Ontario
The Order of Ontario (French: Ordre de l'Ontario) is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Ontario. Instituted in 1986 by Lieutenant Governor Lincoln Alexander, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier David Peterson, the civilian order is administered by the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Ontario residents for conspicuous achievements in any field.
Harmony (Elton John song)
"Harmony" is a song written by British musician Elton John and lyricist Bernie Taupin, and performed by John. It is the final song on the 1973 double album Goodbye Yellow Brick Road. The song was recorded in May 1973, at Château d'Hérouville, France.

In the U.S. in 1974 "Harmony" was released as the B-side of the single "Bennie and the Jets", and in 1980 was released as an A-side in Britain, with "Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters" as the B-side. The song has been covered by many artists, including Diana Ross, Zac Brown Band and Jesse Malin.

Bennie and the Jets
"Bennie and the Jets" (also titled "Benny & the Jets") is a song written by British musician Elton John and lyricist Bernie Taupin, and performed by John. The song first appeared on the Goodbye Yellow Brick Road album in 1973. "Bennie and the Jets" has been one of John's most popular songs and was performed during his appearance at Live Aid.

The track was a massive hit in the United States and Canada, released in 1974 as an A-side using the spelling "Bennie". In most territories the track was released as the B-side of "Candle in the Wind", using the spelling "Benny". Album artwork (back-cover track listing and center-panel design) consistently lists the song as "Bennie" while either "Bennie" or "Benny" appears on the vinyl album depending on territory. The track was released as an A-side in the UK in 1976, as "Benny and the Jets".

It is ranked number 371 on Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
British Gymnastics Championships
The British Gymnastics Championships is an annual artistic gymnastics national competition held in the United Kingdom for elite-level gymnasts. It is organized by British Gymnastics, the governing body for gymnastics in the United Kingdom. It is used as a selection event for the men's and women's national team.

In recent years the competition has taken place near the end of March at the Liverpool Arena and includes men's, women's, junior and espoir competitions, with a joint qualification and all-around followed by apparatus finals.

Great Britain men's national artistic gymnastics team
The Great Britain men's national artistic gymnastics team represents Great Britain in FIG international competitions. The team has won 2 Olympic bronze medals in 1912 and 2012 and 2 World Championships medals, silver in 2015 and bronze in 2022.
Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa
The speaker of the National Assembly presides over the National Assembly of South Africa, the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa.

The office of speaker of the National Assembly was preceded by the offices of speaker of the House of Assembly (1910–1984) under the 1909 and 1961 constitutions and speaker of Parliament under the Tricameral Parliament (1984–1994).

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
1981 ECAC Hockey men's ice hockey tournament
The 1981 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 20th tournament in league history. It was played between March 10 and March 14, 1981. Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites, while the 'final four' games were played at the Boston Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. By winning the tournament, Providence received the ECAC's automatic bid to the 1981 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

1981 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament
The 1981 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament was the culmination of the 1980–81 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season, the 34th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 19 and 27, 1981, and concluded with Wisconsin defeating Minnesota 6-3. All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues while all succeeding games were played at the Duluth Arena in Duluth, Minnesota.

1981 was the first year that the tournament guaranteed 8 teams to be selected for the championship as opposed the policy put in place in 1977 that gave the selection committee the ability to choose up to 4 additional teams at its discretion (two was the maximum the committee ever choose).
Velada (Mazatec ritual)
Velada is the name of the healing vigils carried out by Mazatec curanderos (such as María Sabina). The rituals involved the use of psilocybin (magic mushrooms) or Salvia divinorum to commune with God and experience enlightenment.

Mazatec
The Mazatec are an Indigenous people of Mexico who inhabit the Sierra Mazateca in the state of Oaxaca and some communities in the adjacent states of Puebla and Veracruz.

Some researchers have theorized that the Mazatec, along with Popoloca speakers, once inhabited the lowlands of the Papaloapan basin, but were driven into the adjacent highlands by the expansion of Nahuas.
R. K. S. Bhadauria
Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria PVSM AVSM VM ADC  (born 15 September 1959), is a retired Indian Air Force officer, who served as the Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force, having assumed office on 30 September 2019 after the retirement of Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa. He retired on 30 September 2021 and was succeeded by Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari.

Vayu Sena Medal
The Vayu Sena Medal (lit. 'Air Force Medal') is a military decoration, usually awarded in peacetime for a job well done in the Indian Air Force. However, it has been granted during times of conflict for acts of gallantry in the face of enemy, though not in the same numbers as the Vir Chakra.

Posthumous awards may be made and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Vayu Sena Medal.

The VM was established on 17 June 1960 by the President of India and awards have been made from 1961 onwards. Awards over the past decade or more have been classified into two categories. One is Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) and the other for Vayu Sena Medal (Devotion to Duty).
Rafaqat Ali Khan
Ustad Rafaqat Ali Khan is a Pakistani singer-songwriter and musician. Trained as a classical singer, he is the son of the classical music singer Nazakat Ali Khan and nephew of Salamat Ali Khan of Sham Chaurasia gharana. He is the cousin of classical music singer Shafqat Ali Khan. With his career spanning over two decades, Rafaqat Ali Khan has established himself as a successful artist releasing a total of eleven albums.

He also was marked as a playback singer for Krrish, Dhokha and Youngistaan earning widespread acclaim for his singing. In 2016, Khan marked his Coke Studio (Pakistan) debut as a featured artist and sang Tu Kuja Man Kuja in Coke Studio Pakistan (season 9), as a part of the team of Sheraz Uppal (pal).

Shafqat Ali Khan
Ustad Shafqat Ali Khan (born 17 June 1972) is a classical singer of the khyal vocal genre, from Pakistan, belonging to the Sham Chaurasi gharana.

The youngest son of Ustad Salamat Ali Khan, Shafqat began performing from the age of seven, when he appeared at the Lahore Music Festival at Lahore, Pakistan in 1979.

Ustad Shafqat Ali Khan is the custodian of a four hundred year legacy of classical music. A major Pakistani English language newspaper reportedly commented about him, "This line of musicians began with Mian Chand Ali Khan and Mian Suraj Ali Khan who used to quell the heart and soul of Mughal Emperor Akbar by singing for him."
2004 Open Championship
The 2004 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 133rd Open Championship, held from 15 to 18 July at the Old Course of Royal Troon Golf Club in Troon, Scotland.

Todd Hamilton won his only major championship, defeating 2002 champion Ernie Els by a stroke in a four-hole playoff. Phil Mickelson finished third, followed by Lee Westwood in fourth. Hamilton was the sixth consecutive American to win at Royal Troon.

2002 Open Championship
The 2002 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 131st Open Championship, held from 18 to 21 July at Muirfield Golf Links in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. Ernie Els won his first Claret Jug and third major title in a playoff over Stuart Appleby, Steve Elkington, and ultimately in a sudden-death playoff over Thomas Levet.

Tiger Woods' bid for the Grand Slam came to a halt on Saturday with the worst round of his career up to that time, an 81 (+10) in cold, gusty rain. It took him and others out of contention, but he rebounded on Sunday with a six-under 65 and finished at even par, six strokes back. Woods was the first in thirty years to win the first two legs (Masters, U.S. Open), last done by Jack Nicklaus in 1972. Nicklaus' grand slam bid also ended at Muirfield, runner-up by one stroke to Lee Trevino in 1972. The only one to win the first three was Ben Hogan in 1953. Entering the championship, Woods had won seven of the previous eleven majors.
Ferrari F430 Challenge
The Ferrari F430 Challenge is a production-based race car built by Ferrari. The car is directly based on the standard F430 and uses the same 4.3L V8 engine. It was introduced at the 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show to succeed the Ferrari 360 Challenge in the Ferrari Challenge and the Rolex Sports Car racing series.

Ferrari F430
The Ferrari F430 (Type F131) is a sports car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari from 2004 until 2009 as a successor to the Ferrari 360. The car is an update to the 360 with exterior and performance changes. It was unveiled at the 2004 Paris Motor Show.  The F430 was succeeded by the 458 which was unveiled on 28 July 2009. An estimated 16,750 F430s were produced between 2005 and 2009.
Ava Flanell
Ava Flanell (born July 22, 1986) is an American firearms instructor, social media personality, and politician. She was appointed to the Colorado House of Representatives in October 2025 as a member of the Republican Party after the resignation of Rose Pugliese.

Rose Pugliese
Rose Pugliese is an American politician from El Paso County, Colorado. A Republican, Pugliese represented Colorado House of Representatives District 14, which, after 2020 reapportionment, encompasses northern El Paso County, including much of the city of Colorado Springs. On September 15, 2025, Pugliese resigned from her positions as Minority Leader of the Colorado House Republicans and State Representative for House District 14. This came after Pugliese felt her character was called into question during the 2025 Special Session of the Colorado House of Representatives.
Mineyama Domain (Echigo)
Mineyama Domain (Japanese: 三根山藩) was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It was located in Echigo Province, in the Hokuriku region of Honshū. The domain was centered at Mineyama, located in modern-day Mineoka  in Niigata Prefecture.

Echigo Province
Echigo Province (越後国, Echigo no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [eꜜ.tɕi.ɡo (no kɯ.ɲi), -tɕi.ŋo-, e.tɕiꜜ.ɡo-, -tɕiꜜ.ŋo-, e.tɕi.ɡoꜜ, -tɕi.ŋoꜜ-]) was an old province in north-central Japan, on the shores of the Sea of Japan. It bordered on Uzen, Iwashiro, Kōzuke, Shinano, and Etchū Provinces. It corresponds today to  Niigata Prefecture, minus the island of  Sado.

Its abbreviated form name was Esshū (越州), with Echizen and Etchū Provinces. Under the Engishiki classification system, Echigo was ranked as one of the 35 "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the 30 "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital Kyoto.

Echigo and Kōzuke Province were known as the Jōetsu region.
Taghmon
Taghmon (/tæˈmʊn/; Irish: Teach Munna, meaning 'house of Munn') is a village in County Wexford, Ireland. It lies on the R738 regional road, 14 km (9 mi) west of Wexford town and 25 km (16 mi) east-southeast of New Ross. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

New Ross
New Ross (Irish: Ros Mhic Thriúin, formerly Ros Mhic Treoin) is a town in southwest County Wexford, Ireland, on the River Barrow on the border with County Kilkenny, 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Waterford. In 2022, it had a population of 8,610, making it the fourth-largest town in the county.
Pointer jumping
Pointer jumping or path doubling is a design technique for parallel algorithms that operate on pointer structures, such as linked lists and directed graphs. Pointer jumping allows an algorithm to follow paths with a time complexity that is logarithmic with respect to the length of the longest path. It does this by "jumping" to the end of the path computed by neighbors.

The basic operation of pointer jumping is to replace each neighbor in a pointer structure with its neighbor's neighbor. In each step of the algorithm, this replacement is done for all nodes in the data structure, which can be done independently in parallel. In the next step when a neighbor's neighbor is followed, the neighbor's path already followed in the previous step is added to the node's followed path in a single step. Thus, each step effectively doubles the distance traversed by the explored paths.

Pointer jumping is best understood by looking at simple examples such as list ranking and root finding.

Parallel algorithm
In computer science, a parallel algorithm, as opposed to a traditional serial algorithm, is an algorithm which can do multiple operations in a given time. It has been a tradition of computer science to describe serial algorithms in abstract machine models, often the one known as random-access machine. Similarly, many computer science researchers have used a so-called parallel random-access machine (PRAM) as a parallel abstract machine (shared-memory).

Many parallel algorithms are executed concurrently – though in general concurrent algorithms are a distinct concept – and thus these concepts are often conflated, with which aspect of an algorithm is parallel and which is concurrent not being clearly distinguished. Further, non-parallel, non-concurrent algorithms are often referred to as "sequential algorithms", by contrast with concurrent algorithms.
President's House (Naval War College)
The President's House (also known as Quarters AA) is the home of the President of the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. The house is a wooden, three-story building in Colonial Revival style located on a hill on Coaster's Harbor Island, overlooking Coaster's Harbor, Dewey Field, and Narragansett Bay.

The house was built in 1896 by local Newport, Rhode Island, architect and builder Creighton Withers at the cost of $16,226.  Built originally as "Quarters B" for the commandant of the Naval Training Station, Newport, the first president of the Naval War College to occupy it was Rear Admiral French Ensor Chadwick, in June 1903.

Every Naval War College president except for Charles Stillman Sperry (1903–1906) has lived in the house since that time. Among the most famous residents of the house have been Admirals William Sims, Raymond A. Spruance, Stansfield Turner, and James Stockdale.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Raymond A. Spruance
Raymond Ames Spruance (July 3, 1886 – December 13, 1969) was a United States Navy admiral during World War II. He commanded U.S. naval forces during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, one of the most significant naval battles of the Pacific Theatre. He also commanded Task Force 16 at the Battle of Midway, comprising the carriers Enterprise and Hornet. At Midway, dive bombers from American carriers sank four fleet carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Most historians consider Midway the turning point of the Pacific War.

Official Navy historian Samuel Eliot Morison characterized Spruance's performance as "superb", and he was nicknamed "electric brain" for his calmness even in moments of supreme crisis, a reputation enhanced by his successful tactics. He emerged from the war as one of the greater admirals in American history. After the war, Spruance was appointed President of the Naval War College, and later served as American ambassador to the Philippines.
Minister for Security and Immigration
The Minister for Security and Immigration was a junior ministerial position in the Home Office. The post was created on 8 February 2014 by combining the roles of Minister for Security and Minister of State for Immigration, following the resignation of the Minister for Immigration Mark Harper MP. James Brokenshire MP, then the Minister for Security, assumed the enlarged role. Brokenshire has a permanent seat on the National Security Council (NSC).

In 2015, the post was abolished, and two new roles were formed - Minister for Security and Minister of State for Immigration.

The minister is responsible for overseeing HM Passport Office, UK Visas and Immigration and Border Force.

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Migration and Citizenship
The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Migration and Citizenship is a ministerial position in the Home Office of the Government of the United Kingdom.

From June 2017 to July 2019 and October 2022 to December 2023, the minister attended cabinet meetings as Minister of State for Immigration and was seen as one of the most senior Minister of State positions in the Government.

The role was known as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Future Borders and Immigration from 2020 to 2021 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Safe and Legal Migration from 2021 to 2022.

Following the resignation of Robert Jenrick in December 2023, the position was split into two roles: the Minister of State for Countering Illegal Migration and the Minister of State for Legal Migration and the Border.
Rehelim
Rehelim (Hebrew: רְחלים) is an Israeli settlement in the northern West Bank. Located  on Route 60, between Kfar Tapuach and Eli, east of Ariel and adjacent to the Palestinian towns of Yatma and Qabalan, it falls under the jurisdiction of Shomron Regional Council. In 2023, it had a population of 1,189. In January 2021, under Benjamin Netanyahu, the Israeli government decided to legalize the illegal, nearby outpost of Nofei Nehemia, by reclassifying it as a “neighborhood” of the Rehelim settlement, which itself was an illegal outpost that was legalized a few years prior.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Kfar Tapuach
Kfar Tapuach (Hebrew: כְּפַר תַּפּוּחַ, lit., Apple-village) is an Orthodox Jewish Israeli settlement in the West Bank, founded in 1978. It sits astride Tapuach Junction, one of the major traffic junctions in the West Bank. The executive director of the village council is Yisrael Blunder, and the chief rabbi is Shimon Rosenzwieg. In 2023, it had a population of 1,606.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.