hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Watson (scientist)
Adam Watson, FRSE, FRSB, FINA, FRMS, FCEH (14 April 1930 – 23 January 2019) was a Scottish biologist, ecologist and mountaineer. He was one of the most recognisable scientific figures in Scotland due to his many appearances on TV and radio. His large academic output and contributions to the understanding of the flora and fauna in Scotland and elsewhere have been internationally recognised. Dr Watson was widely acknowledged as Scotland's pre-eminent authority on the Cairngorms mountain range.

Derick Thomson
Derick Smith Thomson (Scottish Gaelic: Ruaraidh MacThòmais; 5 August 1921 – 21 March 2012) was a Scottish poet, publisher, lexicographer, academic and writer. Born at Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis, he spent much of his life in Glasgow where he was Professor of Celtic at the University of Glasgow from 1963 to 1991.

Thomson is best known for being one of the founders of Gairm, the longest-running periodical to be written entirely in Scottish Gaelic, running for over fifty years under his editorship. He was an Honorary President of the Scottish Poetry Library, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the British Academy. In June 2007, he received an honorary degree from Glasgow University.
Mettur Dam railway station
Mettur Dam railway station (station code: MTDM) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a railway station situated in Mettur, Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The station is end station on the Salem Junction–Mettur Dam line. As of 2025, only one passenger train is operated to Mettur dam is from Erode Junction via Salem Junction because unlike other sections of Southern Railway, this small corridor is heavily concentrated on freight traffic.

Salem Junction railway station
Salem Junction railway station (station code: SA) is an NSG–2 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It serves the city of Salem in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the major transit points in Southern India.
1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee
The 1991 FIBA Centennial Jubilee was the special edition tournament of the Acropolis International Basketball Tournament that was organized jointly by FIBA Europe and the Hellenic Basketball Federation to commemorate the 100th year anniversary, or Centennial, of the creation of the sport of basketball, in 1891, by James Naismith. The tournament was held from June 5 to June 9, 1991, at the SEF Indoor Hall in Piraeus, Greece. The tournament was won by the Italian national team, with the Greek national team finishing in second place.

The Centennial Jubilee also included a FIBA Europe All-Star Game, which was divided up into a Balkans versus the rest of Europe format. The FIBA Balkans Selection Team, won the all-star game, over the FIBA European Selection Team, which took place on 8 June 1991, by a score of 103–102. The tournament is not counted officially with the other 29 Acropolis International Tournaments, because it was not solely organized by the Hellenic Basketball Federation.

Italy men's national basketball team
The Italy men's national basketball team (Italian: Nazionale di pallacanestro dell'Italia) represents Italy in international basketball tournaments. They are administered by the Italian Basketball Federation (FIP).

Italy has qualified for 39 EuroBasket tournaments, winning two gold medals (1983, 1999), four silver medals (1937, 1946, 1991, 1997), and four bronze medals (1971, 1975, 1985, 2003) as achievements. While Italy has made ten trips to the World Cup, the closest they have come to winning a medal was in 1970 and 1978, where they finished fourth. In 13 attempts at the Summer Olympics, Italy has earned two silver medals, in 1980 and 2004.

Currently, Italy is ranked 14th in the FIBA World Ranking.
Tombstone of Elizabeth of Wolgast in Bergen
The Tombstone of Elizabeth of Wolgast in Bergen is a well-preserved limestone tombstone, dating to around 1473, measuring 237 cm in height and 124 cm in width. It is embedded in the eastern wall of the western church porch of the former Cistercian St. Mary's Church in Bergen auf Rügen on the island of Rügen in Germany. The tombstone features an engraved image of Elizabeth, daughter of Duke of Wolgast Wartislaw IX of the House of Griffin, who served as abbess of the Cistercian convent from at least 5 January 1460 until her death on 7 April 1473. The inscription, framed by a band, reads: "Anno d(omi)ni / m cccc • lxxiii • fe(r)ia • q(ua)rta • post • iudica • obiit / Jllust(ri)s • p(ri)nceps / et • do(min)a • d(omi)na • Elisabet • abbatissa i(n) berg(en) ora p(ro) ea", translating to: "In the year of our Lord 1473, on the Wednesday after Judica Sunday, died the illustrious princess and lady, Lady Elizabeth, abbess in Bergen, pray for her".

House of Griffin
The House of Griffin or Griffin dynasty, (German: Greifen; Polish: Gryfici, Danish: Grif; Latin: Gryphes), or House of Pomerania (see § Name of the Dynasty), was a dynasty ruling the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637. The name "Griffins" was used by the dynasty after the 15th century and had been taken from the ducal coat of arms. Duke Wartislaw I (died 1135) was the first historical ruler of the Duchy of Pomerania and the founder of the Griffin dynasty. The most prominent Griffin was Eric of Pomerania, who became king of the Kalmar Union in 1397, thus ruling Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway. The last Griffin duke of Pomerania was Bogislaw XIV, who died during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the division of Pomerania between Brandenburg-Prussia, Sweden and Poland. Duchess Anna von Croy, daughter of Duke Bogislaw XIII and the last member of the House of Griffin, died in 1660.
2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Karnataka on 10 May 2023 to elect all 224 members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 13 May 2023.

The election saw a final voter turnout of 73.84%, the highest ever recorded in the history of Legislative Assembly elections in Karnataka.

The Indian National Congress won the election in decisive victory by getting 135 seats, making it their biggest win by seats and vote share in Karnataka since the 1989 elections. The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Janata Dal (Secular) conceded defeat, finishing second and third, respectively.

1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
The 1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Karnataka to elect 224 members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly. The Indian National Congress rode back to power with a huge majority.
Perihypoglossal nuclei
Perihypoglossal nuclei (also perihypoglossal complex, perihypoglossal nuclear complex, or satellite nuclei) are three prominent groups of neurons in the caudal medulla oblongata near the hypoglossal nucleus:: 449.e1  the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, intercalated nucleus, and sublingual nucleus. They are involved in controlling eye movements: they send their principal projections to the three cranial nerve nuclei controlling extrinsic eye muscles via the medial longitudinal fasciculus.

Hypoglossal nucleus
The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus, found within the medulla. Being a motor nucleus, it is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial to the vagal trigone) protruding slightly into the fourth ventricle.

The hypoglossal nucleus is located between the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the midline of the medulla. Axons from the hypoglossal nucleus pass anteriorly through the medulla forming the hypoglossal nerve which exits between the pyramid and olive in a groove called the anterolateral sulcus.

The hypoglossal nucleus plays an important role in maintaining airway patency.
Nelly Petkova (journalist)
Nelly Olegovna Petkova (Russian: Нелли Олеговна Петкова; born 10 March 1960) is a Russian journalist. She has presented the Vremya (ORT), Federation and the morning edition of Vesti (Russia-1) news programmes in the 1990s. Petkova made her last on-screen appearance in 1998 and worked as Deputy Director of Information Broadcasting at VGTRK. She has been the head of the External Communications Department at the Interstate Fund for Humanitarian Cooperation of the CIS Member States since 2014.

Russia-1
Russia-1 (Russian: Россия-1) is a state-owned Russian television channel, first aired on 14 February 1956 as Programme Two in the Soviet Union. It was relaunched as RTR on 13 May 1991, and is known as Russia-1. It is the flagship channel of the All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (VGTRK).

In 2008 Russia-1 had the second largest audience in Russian television. In a typical week, it was viewed by 75% of urban Russians, compared to 83% for the leading channel, Channel One. The two channels are similar in their politics, and they compete directly in entertainment. Russia-1 has many regional variations and broadcasts in many languages.
Anaspidomorphi
Anaspidomorphi (anaspidomorphs) is an extinct superclass of jawless fish.

According to the newer taxonomy based on the work of Nelson, Grande and Wilson 2016 and van der Laan 2018, the phylogeny of Anaspidomorphi looks like this:

Superclass †Anaspidomorphi
Order †Euphanerida
Family †Euphaneropidae Woodward, 1900
Order †Jamoytiiformes Halstead-Tarlo, 1967
Family †Achanarellidae Newman, 2002
Family †Jamoytiidae White, 1946
Class †Anaspida Janvier, 1996 non Williston, 1917
Order †Endeiolepidiformes Berg, 1940
Family †Endeiolepididae Stensio, 1939
Order †Birkeniiformes Stensiö, 1964
Family †Pharyngolepididae Kiær, 1924
Family †Pterygolepididae Obručhev, 1964
Family †Rhyncholepididae Kiær, 1924
Family †Tahulalepididae Blom, Märss & Miller, 2002
Family †Lasaniidae Goodrich, 1909
Family †Ramsaasalepididae Blom, Märss & Miller, 2003
Family †Birkeniidae Traquair, 1899
Family †Septentrioniidae Blom, Märss & Miller, 2002

Euphaneropidae
Euphaneropidae is an extinct family of prehistoric jawless fishes in the extinct order Euphanerida. These fishes are characterised by a greatly elongated branchial apparatus which covers most of the length of the body. Fossils are known from the Lower Silurian and Middle Devonian of Scotland, and the Upper Devonian of Canada. In particular, Euphanerops is unique in that it has two anal fins.
Mohamad Ridzuan Mohamad Puzi
Mohammad Ridzuan bin Mohamad Puzi KMN JMW (born 27 September 1987) is a Paralympic athlete from Malaysia who competes in T36 classification sprint (running) and long jump events. Mohammad Ridzuan represented Malaysia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, where he won the gold medal in the 100 metres event.

Order of the Defender of the Realm
The Most Esteemed Order of the Defender of the Realm (Malay: Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara) is a Malaysian federal award presented for meritorious service to the country.  The Order Motto are 'Dipeliharakan Allah-Pangkuan Negara' (lit. 'By the Grace of God-Defender of the Realm').

The order was instituted on 6 August 1958 and initially had the five highest ranks. The medal was added on 19 August 1960.
William Wood (zoologist)
William Wood FRS FLS (1774–1857), was an English surgeon, zoologist and entomologist.

He was born in Kendal, Westmorland and trained in surgery at St Bartholomew's Hospital. He practised for several years as a surgeon at Wingham, near Canterbury and in London, but left the medical profession to become a natural history bookseller, publisher and naturalist.

He was the author of several natural history books, especially on the Mollusca. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society (elected 1812)  and a Fellow of the Linnean Society.

He died in Ruislip, Middlesex.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Ancient constitution of England
The ancient constitution of England was a 17th-century political theory about the common law, and the antiquity of the House of Commons of England, used at the time in particular to oppose the royal prerogative. It was developed initially by Sir Edward Coke, in his law reports; and has been analysed in modern times by J. G. A. Pocock in The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law (1st edition 1957; reissued "with a retrospect" 1987). Coke's apprenticed amanuensis for Star Chamber reports was Roger Williams. According to Bancroft-prize-winner Mary Sarah Bilder, this is not to be conflated with her own connected, yet distinct, notion of the "transatlantic constitution."

J. G. A. Pocock
John Greville Agard Pocock ONZM (/ˈpoʊkɒk/; 7 March 1924 – 12 December 2023) was a New Zealand historian of political thought. He was especially known for his studies of republicanism in the early modern period (mostly in Europe, Britain, and America), his work on the history of English common law, his treatment of Edward Gibbon and other Enlightenment historians, and, in historical method, for his contributions to the history of political discourse. After his death, Yuan Yi Zhu wrote that Pocock was "one of the greatest scholars of the last century" in European political thought.

Born in England, Pocock spent most of his early life in New Zealand. He moved to the United States in 1966. He taught at Washington University in St. Louis and from 1975 to 2011 at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. He was a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.
1249 Rutherfordia
1249 Rutherfordia, provisional designation 1932 VB, is an elongated, stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in 1932, the asteroid was named after Rutherford, New Jersey a suburb of New York City, United States.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Sikorsky S-37
The Sikorsky S-37 was an American twin-engine aircraft built by the Sikorsky Manufacturing Corporation. Both examples of the series were completed in 1927. The S-37 was specifically designed to compete for the Orteig Prize and would be the last land based fixed-wing aircraft Sikorsky would produce.

Sikorsky S-35
The Sikorsky S-35 was an American triple-engined sesquiplane transport later modified to use three-engines. It was designed and built by the Sikorsky Manufacturing Company for an attempt by René Fonck on a non-stop Atlantic crossing for the Orteig Prize. It was destroyed in the attempt.
Castledermot GAA
Castledermot GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club in Castledermot, County Kildare, Ireland. The club has won 6 7 Kildare Senior Hurling Championships and teams representing the club were the first winners of the Intermediate Football Championship and Senior Camogie Championship. The club, which was named "Kildare club of the year" in 2004, is the home club of All-Ireland football finalist of 1935, mark kane, who played for the club 1925–1942. mark kane was goalkeeper on the Kildare hurling team of the millennium.

Kildare Intermediate Football Championship
The Kildare Intermediate Football Championship, or Kildare I.F.C., is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by mid-tier Kildare GAA clubs since 1928. The winners currently receive the Hugh Campion Cup in honour of the Suncroft official who served as County Board Chairman from 1972 to 1981.
Nobuhiko Matsunaka
Nobuhiko Matsunaka (松中 信彦, Matsunaka Nobuhiko; born December 26, 1973) is a former left fielder and designated hitter for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks. He is currently the hitting coach for the Chunichi Dragons in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball league.

He played in the 1996 Atlanta and 2000 Sydney Olympics as well as the 2006 World Baseball Classic, hitting cleanup in 1996 and 2006.

Baseball at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Baseball had its second appearance as an official medal sport at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States, with games played at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium. Eight nations competed, with the preliminary phase consisting of a single round-robin tournament. Playoffs were then held, with the four highest ranked teams advancing. For the semifinals, the first place team played the fourth place team and the second place team played the third place team. The winners of those semifinals competed against each other for the gold medal, with the loser getting the silver medal. The teams defeated in the semifinal played a match for the bronze medal.

Baseball was an event open only to amateurs for the second and last time. Meanwhile, Cuba, which went undefeated in the tournament, used its best players as they were amateurs in name only, with all necessary funding coming from the state.
Yanam district
Yanam district (Telugu: [jaːnaːm]) (previously Yanaon, (French: [janaɔ̃])) is one of the four census districts of the Union Territory of Puducherry in India. Administratively it falls under the Puducherry district.

Puducherry district
Puducherry district, also known by its former name Pondicherry district, is one of the four districts of the union territory of Puducherry in South India. The district occupies an area of 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi), spread over 12 non-contiguous enclaves lying on or near the Bay of Bengal within a compact area in the state of Tamil Nadu. According to the 2011 census, the district has a population of 950,289.
Quo primum
Quo Primum Tempore (English: From the beginning whence) is the incipit of an Apostolic Constitution in the form of a Papal bull issued by Pope Pius V on 14 July 1570.

This Pontifical decree promulgated the Roman Missal and made its use obligatory throughout the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, except where there existed a different Catholic Mass liturgy of the Latin Church of at least two hundred years prior and standing.

Apostolic constitution
An apostolic constitution (Latin: constitutio apostolica) is the most solemn form of legislation issued by the Pope.

By their nature, apostolic constitutions are addressed to the public. Generic constitutions use the title apostolic constitution and treat solemn matters of the church, such as the promulgation of laws or definitive teachings. The forms dogmatic constitution and pastoral constitution are titles sometimes used to be more descriptive as to the document's purpose.

Apostolic constitutions are issued as papal bulls because of their solemn, public form. Among types of papal legislation, apostolic letters issued motu proprio are next in solemnity.
João de Oliveira Matos Ferreira
João de Oliveira Matos Ferreira (1 March 1879 – 29 August 1962) was a Portuguese Roman Catholic prelate and bishop who served in Guarda from his appointment in 1922 until his death. He was also the founder of the League of the Servants of Jesus.

The process for his beatification led on 3 June 2013 to Pope Francis declaring him Venerable as recognition of his life of heroic virtue. The pope must approve one miracle attributed to him in order for him to be beatified; one such case is now under investigation.

Diocese of Guarda
The Diocese of Guarda (Latin: Dioecesis Aegitaniensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic church in central eastern Portugal, a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Latin Patriarchate of Lisbon in southern Portugal.

The present episcopal seat is in Guarda Cathedral (Portuguese: Catedral de Nossa Senhora da Consolação) in the city of Guarda. The diocese also contains the Church of São Luís in Pinhel, once the cathedral of the former diocese of Pinhel, absorbed into the diocese of Guarda in 1881.
Roberta Gregory
Roberta Gregory (born May 7, 1953) is an American comic book writer and artist best known for the character Bitchy Bitch from her Fantagraphics Books series Naughty Bits. She is a prolific contributor to many feminist and underground anthologies, such as Wimmen's Comix and Gay Comix.

Fantagraphics
Fantagraphics (previously Fantagraphics Books) is an American publisher of alternative comics, classic comic strip anthologies, manga, magazines, graphic novels, and (formerly) the erotic Eros Comix imprint. They have managed several awards for achievement in comic books.
42nd Karlovy Vary International Film Festival
The 42nd Karlovy Vary International Film Festival from 29 June to 7 July 2007. The Crystal Globe was won by Jar City, an Icelandic police detective film directed by Baltasar Kormákur. The second prize, the Special Jury Prize was won by Lucky Miles, an Australian drama directed by Michael James Rowland. Bård Breien was named Best Director. The Best Actress title went to Elvira Mínguez, and Best Actor to Sergey Puskepalis.

Special Jury Prize (Karlovy Vary IFF)
The Special Jury Prize is one of the main awards of the Feature Film Competition at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. It is the second highest award of the festival started since 1952; after the Crystal Globe.
Principal (commercial law)
In commercial law, a principal is a person, legal or natural, who authorizes an agent to act to create one or more legal relationships with a third party. This branch of law is called agency and relies on the common law proposition qui facit per alium, facit per se (from Latin: "he who acts through another, acts personally").

It is a parallel concept to vicarious liability (in which one person is held liable for the acts or omissions of another) in criminal law or torts.

Natural person
In jurisprudence, a natural person (also physical person in some Commonwealth countries, or natural entity) is a person (in legal meaning, i.e., one who has its own legal personality) that is an individual human being, distinguished from the broader category of a legal person, which may be a private (i.e., business entity or non-governmental organization) or public (i.e., government) organization. Historically, a human being was not necessarily considered a natural person in some jurisdictions where slavery existed (subject of a property right) rather than a person.