hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duchy of Wizna
Duchy of Wizna was a district principality and a fiefdom within the United Kingdom of Poland, and later the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The country was located in Wizna Land with Wizna as its capital and during its existence it remained in the personal union with the Duchy of Płock. It was formed in 1345 from the part of Duchy of Rawa and was ruled by Bolesław III of Płock. On 18 September 1381 it was incorporated into United Kingdom of Poland. It was reestablished in December 1381 from the part of the Duchy of Masovia under Siemowit IV rule. On 2 December 1382 its territory was pledged to the State of the Teutonic Order. It was again re-established in 1435, when it was given to Władysław I of Płock, ruler of the Duchy of Płock, existed until 1495 when it was incorporated into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.

Duchy of Masovia
The Duchy of Masovia was a district principality and a fiefdom of the Kingdom of Poland, existing during the Middle Ages. The state was centered in Mazovia in the northeastern Kingdom of Poland, and during its existence, its capital was located in Płock, Czersk and Warsaw. It was formed in 1138 from the territories of the Kingdom of Poland, following its fragmentation, that was started by the testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth. The country existed in the years: 1138–1275, 1294–1310, 1370–1381, and 1495–1526, between that time, going through fragmentations of its territory into smaller duchies and its unification. The states formed during its fragmentation were duchies of Kuyavia, Dobrzyń, Czersk, Płock, Warsaw, Rawa and Belz. In 1526, the country was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland.
Military Band of the Southern Military District
Military Band of the Southern Military District is a military band unit of the Russian Armed Forces's military band service. Currently the band serves under the headquarters of the Southern Military District based in Rostov-on-Don.

Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia
The Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation serves as the official service of military bands in active service within the Russian Armed Forces and formerly the Soviet Armed Forces. It is part of the Military Band Service Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
So Fine (Electric Light Orchestra song)
"So Fine" is the title of the fifth track from A New World Record by Electric Light Orchestra.

Recorded in 1976 at Musicland Studios in Munich, Germany, this track is peppy and upbeat, contrasting with "Mission (A World Record)", the previous track. It is a typical example of ELO's (at the time) cutting-edge use of technology and recording techniques, which would become the conventional sound of pop music within 10 years.

The middle section contains drums and electronic percussion created by a then state of the art Moog processor, and continues with rising intensity. More and more instruments join in, until the vocal again takes over. As the song fades out, it segues into the violin of "Livin' Thing".

Livin' Thing
"Livin' Thing" is a song written by Jeff Lynne and performed by Electric Light Orchestra (ELO). It appears on ELO's 1976 album A New World Record and was also released as a single. Patti Quatro sang uncredited vocals, particularly the "higher and higher" parts. The original single had "Fire On High" on the flip side, a tune that became the band's most popular instrumental piece.
Nick Warner
Nicholas Peter Warner, AO, PSM (born 22 May 1950) is a former Australian diplomat, intelligence official and public servant.

Warner was the Director-General of the Office of National Intelligence (ONI) from December 2018 until December 2020. He also served as the director-general of the precursor agency to ONI, the Office of National Assessments, from December 2017 to December 2018.

Prior to that, Warner served as the director-general Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) from August 2009 to December 2017, and the secretary of the Australian Department of Defence from December 2006 to August 2009.

Public Service Medal (Australia)
The Public Service Medal (PSM) is a civil decoration awarded to Australian public servants (at all levels) for outstanding service. The PSM was introduced in 1989 and replaced the Imperial Service Order discontinued in Australia in 1975, supplementing the Order of Australia introduced that same year. Recipients of the Public Service Medal are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "PSM".

The medal is awarded twice each year by the Governor-General of Australia, on the nomination of the responsible Minister in each state or territory, and at the federal level. The total number of awards made each year must not exceed 100, further broken down into a quota for each government public service.
Longlands
Longlands is an area of South East London that straddles the boundaries of the London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley and Greenwich. It lies north west of Sidcup and south east of Eltham.

Some old maps and records have the name as two words "Long Lands", and show it was in the Foots Cray/Sidcup parish in the Hundred of Ruxley.

Sidcup
Sidcup is an area of south-east London, England, primarily in the London Borough of Bexley. It is 11.3 miles (18.2 km) south-east of Charing Cross, bordering the London Boroughs of Bromley and Greenwich. It was part of Kent prior to the creation of Greater London in 1965.

The name is thought to be derived from Cetecopp meaning "seat-shaped or flat-topped hill"; it had its earliest recorded use in 1254.

According to the ONS, as of 2021, the population of Sidcup is 15,400 (rounded to the nearest 100).
Seer Green
Seer Green is a village and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the Chiltern Hills, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) east-north-east of  Old Beaconsfield and 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south-west of Chalfont St Giles.

Beaconsfield
Beaconsfield (/ˈbɛkənzfiːld/ ⓘ BECK-ənz-feeld) is a market town and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England, 24 miles (39 kilometres) northwest of Central London and 16 miles (26 kilometres) southeast of Aylesbury. Three other towns are within 5 miles (8 kilometres): Gerrards Cross, Amersham and High Wycombe.

The town is adjacent to the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and has Georgian, neo-Georgian and Tudor revival high street architecture, known as the Old Town. It is known for the first model village in the world and the National Film and Television School.

Beaconsfield was Britain's richest town (based on an average house price of £684,474) in 2008. In 2011 it had the highest proportion in the UK of £1 million-plus homes for sale (at 47%, compared to 3.5% nationally).
Buzen Kokubun-ji
The Buzen Kokubun-ji (豊前国分寺) was a Buddhist temple located in the Kokubu neighborhood of the town of Miyako, Fukuoka, Japan. It  was one of the provincial temples per the system established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794) for the purpose of promoting Buddhism as the national religion of Japan and standardising imperial rule over the provinces. The temple no longer exists, but its ruins were designated as a National Historic Site in 1976.

Provincial temple
The Kokubun-ji (国分寺; Japanese pronunciation: [ko.kɯ.bɯɲ.dʑi(ꜜ)]) are Buddhist temples established in each of the provinces of Japan by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794). The official name for each temple was Konkomyo Shitenno Gokoku-ji (Konkōmyō Shitennō Gokoku-ji )
Aquatic therapy
Aquatic therapy refers to treatments and exercises performed in water for relaxation, fitness, physical rehabilitation, and other therapeutic benefit. Typically a qualified aquatic therapist gives constant attendance to a person receiving treatment in a heated therapy pool. Aquatic therapy techniques include Ai Chi, Aqua Running, Bad Ragaz Ring Method, Burdenko Method, Halliwick, Watsu, and other aquatic bodywork forms. Therapeutic applications include neurological disorders, spine pain, musculoskeletal pain, postoperative orthopedic rehabilitation, pediatric disabilities, pressure ulcers, and disease conditions, such as osteoporosis. Aquatic physical therapy is also beneficial for older adults for fall prevention, increasing balance, and gait training.

Aquajogging
Aquajogging is a cross-training and rehabilitation method using low impact resistance training. It is a way to train without impacting joints. Participants wear a flotation device and move in a running motion in the deep end of a pool. Equipment, aside from a pool, can include a flotation belt and weights. It is useful in training for running because the muscles used are similar.
Vojislava Lukić
Vojislava Lukić (Serbian Cyrillic: Војислава Лукић, pronounced [lǔːkitɕ]; born 31 March 1987) is a Serbian former tennis player.

Born and raised in Subotica, she achieved her highest WTA rankings as world No. 203 in singles on 20 August 2007, and No. 223 in doubles on 8 October 2007. Lukić won eight ITF titles in singles and five in doubles. She also played for Serbia Fed Cup team in 2007, alongside Jelena Janković, Ana Jovanović and Ana Timotić.

In 2008, after an ITF tournament in Alphen aan den Rijn, Lukić temporarily withdrew from professional tennis. Although she played doubles at the ITF tournament in Dubai in 2009 partnering with Bojana Jovanovski, she did not make a full comeback until 2012. In the meantime, Lukić founded her own tennis school for girls and worked as a television presenter and model.

Jelena Janković
Jelena Janković (Serbian Cyrillic: Јелена Јанковић, Serbian pronunciation: [jělena jǎːŋkoʋitɕ]; born 28 February 1985) is a Serbian former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 18 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 2008. Janković won 15 WTA Tour-level singles titles and two doubles titles, including the 2007 Wimbledon mixed-doubles title partnering Jamie Murray. Her career-best major performance in singles was a runner-up finish at the 2008 US Open.
Abrus
Abrus is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, and the only genus in the tribe Abreae. It contains 13–18 species, but is best known for a single species: jequirity (A. precatorius). The highly toxic seeds of that species are used to make jewellery.

Species range naturally across tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula, south and southeast Asia, southern China, New Guinea, and Australia. Some species have been introduced to the tropical Americas.

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius, commonly known as jequirity bean or rosary pea, is a herbaceous flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae. It is a slender, perennial climber with long, pinnate-leafleted leaves that twines around trees, shrubs, and hedges.

The plant is best known for its seeds, which are used as beads and in percussion instruments, and which are toxic because of the presence of abrin. Ingestion of a single seed, well chewed, can be fatal to both adults and children. The plant is native to Asia and Australia. It has a tendency to become weedy and invasive where it has been introduced.
Diversion Dam and Deer Flat Embankments
The Diversion Dam and Deer Flat Embankments is the collective name given in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places program to a set of three dams in the western United States in southwestern Idaho, near Boise and Nampa.

The dams are components of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Boise Project, and were designed to provide irrigation water to 500,000 acres (780 sq mi; 2,000 km2) of Treasure Valley farmland in conjunction with the New York Irrigation District (New York Canal). The Boise River Diversion Dam also provides hydroelectric generation capacity. The dams were listed on the National Register in 1976.

The three dams that make up the Diversion Dam and Deer Flat Embankments are:

Boise River Diversion Dam

Deer Flat Upper Embankment

Deer Flat Lower Embankment

Boise River Diversion Dam
The Boise River Diversion Dam is a diversion dam in the western United States, on the Boise River in southwestern Idaho. Seven miles (11 km) southeast and upstream of Boise in Ada County, it was completed 116 years ago in 1909 and is operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.

The diverted water fills the concrete New York Canal, the primary irrigation channel for Ada and Canyon counties in the Treasure Valley.

Several miles upstream of the Diversion Dam is Lucky Peak Dam. Completed in 1955, it was built and is operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
GFL Memorial Gardens
The GFL Memorial Gardens, formerly the "Essar Centre", is a 4,928-seat sports and entertainment centre in downtown Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. It opened on September 29, 2006, replacing the now demolished Sault Memorial Gardens. The new building was constructed directly next door to the former Memorial Gardens and incorporated its most distinctive feature, the Memorial Tower, into its plans. The block surrounding the arena is called "Memorial Square".

The Garden's primary tenant is the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds of the Ontario Hockey League.

Sault Memorial Gardens
The Sault Memorial Gardens was a former ice hockey arena in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, for 57 years from 1949 to 2006. It was located in the heart of the downtown district at 169 Queen Street. The Gardens was one of the first Northern Ontario arenas to have artificial ice, and seated 3,990 spectators.
Selkirkshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Selkirkshire was a Scottish county constituency represented in Great Britain and after 1801 the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1708 until 1868, when it was combined with Peeblesshire to form Peebles and Selkirk.

Peeblesshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Peeblesshire was a Scottish county constituency of Great Britain and after 1801 the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster) from 1708 until 1868. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post voting system.
Granulation
Granulation is the process of forming grains or granules from a powdery or solid substance, producing a granular material. It is applied in several technological processes in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Typically, granulation involves agglomeration of fine particles into larger granules, typically of size range between 0.2 and 4.0 mm depending on their subsequent use. Less commonly, it involves shredding or grinding solid material into finer granules or pellets.

Powder
A powder is a dry solid composed of many very fine particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted. Powders are a special sub-class of granular materials, although the terms powder and granular are sometimes used to distinguish separate classes of material. In particular, powders refer to those granular materials that have the finer grain sizes, and that therefore have a greater tendency to form clumps when flowing. Granulars refer to the coarser granular materials that do not tend to form clumps except when wet.
DVD-VR
The DVD-VR standard defines a logical format for video recording on DVD-R, DVD-RW, and DVD-RAM style media, including the dual layer versions of these media. As opposed to media recorded with the DVD+VR recording standard, the resulting media are not DVD-Video compliant, and do not play back in some DVD-Video players. Most DVD video recorders in the market that support DVD-R, DVD-RW, or DVD-RAM media record to these media in DVD-VR mode, as well as in a DVD-Video compliant mode.  It is possible to use the DVD-VR format with DVD+R and DVD+RW media, but no examples are known other than some PC based recording utilities.

The standard was introduced in 1999 by the DVD Forum, and licensing is managed by the DVD Format/Logo Licensing Corporation. For each of the supported media, the full recording standard consists of three parts being: Physical Specifications (Part 1), File System Specifications (Part 2), and the Video Recording Specifications (Part 3).

DVD-RAM
DVD-RAM (DVD Random Access Memory) is a DVD-based disc specification presented in 1996 by the DVD Forum, which specifies rewritable DVD-RAM media and the appropriate DVD writers. DVD-RAM media have been used in computers as well as camcorders and personal video recorders since 1998.

In May 2019, Panasonic, the only remaining manufacturer of DVD-RAM discs, announced that it would end production of DVD-RAM media by the end of that month, citing shrinking demand as the primary motivation. Panasonic made these discs under its own brand name and also under other brands such as Verbatim. The only other manufacturer to produce DVD-RAM discs was Maxell.

The "RAM" in its name is related to random-access memory that computers use as main memory, not in the technology but in sense that it can be used as a random-access memory unit rather than a sequential-access memory unit such as a magnetic tape drive.
Víctor Pantaleón Linares
Víctor Pantaleón Linares (1807–1853), Californio, soldier, ranchero, majordomo of Mission San Luis Obispo, vecino and Juez of San Luis Obispo.  Grandson of some of the earliest Spanish settlers of California, his second son Pio Linares was an infamous leader, (allegedly with Jack Powers), of a bandit gang in San Luis Obispo County in the 1850s.

Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa
Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa (Spanish: Misión San Luis Obispo de Tolosa) is a Spanish mission founded September 1, 1772 by Father Junípero Serra in San Luis Obispo, California. The mission was named after San Luis, obispo de Tolosa (Saint Louis, bishop of Toulouse, France).

The Mission of San Luis Obispo is unusual in its design, in that its combination of belfry and vestibule are found nowhere else among the California missions. Like other churches, the main nave is short and narrow, but at the San Luis Obispo Mission, there is a secondary nave of almost equal size situated to the right of the altar, making it the only L-shaped mission church in California.
Defender of the Fatherland Day (Kazakhstan)
Defender of the Fatherland Day (Kazakh: Отан Қорғаушы күні, Otan Qorğauşy künı) is a national holiday celebrated annually on May 7, commemorating the founding of the Armed Forces of Kazakhstan. The event is marked by military parades, fireworks and ceremonies all around the country. The holiday is perceived in society as "a men’s day" and is considered to be the Kazakh analogue to the International Women’s Day.

On May 7, 1992, the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev signed a decree on the establishment of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In October 2012, President Nazarbayev signed a further decree giving the holiday a status as a national holiday and enshrining it into law. National celebrations are usually led by the President of Kazakhstan, the Minister of Defense and the Chief of the General Staff.

Ministry of Defense (Kazakhstan)
The Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan (MD RK, Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Қорғаныс министрлігі, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasy Qorğanys ministrlıgı, ҚР ҚМ; Russian: Министерство обороны Республики Казахстан, МО РК) is a government agency of Kazakhstan which is the main executive body in implementing military policy. The Defense Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the head of the Ministry of Defense, whose duties are to exercise the administrative leadership of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The ministry was first established in May 1992 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The first Minister of Defense was Army General Sagadat Nurmagambetov who served from 1992 to 1995.
Ella and Louis
Ella and Louis is a studio album by Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong, accompanied by the Oscar Peterson Quartet, released in October 1956. Having previously collaborated in the late 1940s for the Decca label, this was the first of three albums that Fitzgerald and Armstrong were to record together for Verve Records, later followed by 1957's Ella and Louis Again and 1959's Porgy and Bess.

Porgy and Bess (Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong album)
Porgy and Bess is a studio album by jazz vocalist and trumpeter Louis Armstrong and singer Ella Fitzgerald, released on Verve Records in 1959. The third and final of the pair's albums for the label, it is a suite of selections from the George Gershwin opera Porgy and Bess. Orchestral arrangements are by Russell Garcia, who had previously arranged the 1956 jazz vocal recording The Complete Porgy and Bess.
Hess diagram
A Hess diagram plots the relative density of occurrence of stars at differing color–magnitude positions of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for a given galaxy or resolved stellar population. The diagram is named after R. Hess who originated it in 1924. Its use dates back to at least 1948.

Hess diagrams are widely used in the study of discrete resolved stellar systems in and around the Milky Way - specifically, in the analysis of globular clusters, satellite galaxies, and stellar streams.

Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
A Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (abbreviated as H–R diagram, HR diagram or HRD) is a scatter plot of stars showing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes or luminosities and their stellar classifications or effective temperatures. It is also sometimes called a color magnitude diagram. The diagram was created independently in 1911 by Ejnar Hertzsprung and by Henry Norris Russell in 1913, and represented a major step towards an understanding of stellar evolution.
Doubling (textiles)
Doubling is a textile industry term synonymous with combining. It can be used for various processes during spinning. During the carding stage, several sources of roving are doubled together and drawn, to remove variations in thickness. After spinning, yarn is doubled for many reasons. Yarn may be doubled to produce warp for weaving, to make cotton for lace, crochet and knitting. It is used for embroidery threads and sewing threads, for example: sewing thread is usually 6-cable thread. Two threads of spun 60s cotton are twisted together, and three of these double threads are twisted into a cable, of what is now 5s yarn. This is mercerised, gassed (AKA flamed) and wound onto a bobbin.

Spinning (textiles)
Spinning is a twisting technique to form yarn from fibers. The fiber intended is drawn out, twisted, and wound onto a bobbin. A few popular fibers that are spun into yarn other than cotton, which is the most popular, are viscose (the most common form of rayon), animal fibers such as wool, and synthetic polyester. Originally done by hand using a spindle whorl, starting in the 500s AD the spinning wheel became the predominant spinning tool across Asia and Europe. The spinning jenny and spinning mule, invented in the late 1700s, made mechanical spinning far more efficient than spinning by hand, and especially made cotton manufacturing one of the most important industries of the Industrial Revolution.