hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scramjet programs
Scramjet programs refers to research and testing programs for the development of supersonic combustion ramjets, known as scramjets. This list provides a short overview of national and international collaborations, and civilian and military programs. The USA, Russia, India, and China (2014), have succeeded at developing scramjet technologies.

Scramjet
A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is a variant of a ramjet airbreathing jet engine in which combustion takes place in supersonic airflow.  As in ramjets, a scramjet relies on high vehicle speed to compress the incoming air forcefully before combustion (hence ramjet), but whereas a ramjet decelerates the air to subsonic velocities before combustion using shock cones, a scramjet has no shock cone and slows the airflow using shockwaves produced by its ignition source in place of a shock cone. This allows the scramjet to operate efficiently at extremely high speeds.

Although scramjet engines have been used in a handful of operational military vehicles, scramjets have so far mostly been demonstrated in research test articles and experimental vehicles.
2025 Michigan State Spartans football team
The 2025 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University as a member of the Big Ten Conference during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Spartans played their home games at Spartan Stadium located in East Lansing, Michigan, and were led by second-year head coach Jonathan Smith. After beating Youngstown State on September 3, the Spartans had their first back-to-back 3–0 starts in a season since 2007. However, the Spartans lost their next eight games before winning their final game of the season to finish the season 4–8, 1–8 in Big Ten play.

On November 30, the school fired head coach Jonathan Smith after two seasons. Shortly thereafter, the school named former Northwestern head coach Pat Fitzgerald the team's new coach.

The Michigan State Spartans drew an average home attendance of 70,389, the 18th highest of all college football teams.

2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the 156th season of college football in the United States, the 120th season organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the 50th of the highest level of competition, the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The regular season began on August 23 and ended on December 13. The postseason began on December 13, and, aside from any all-star games that are scheduled, ended on January 19, 2026, with the College Football Playoff National Championship at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida.

The Indiana Hoosiers defeated the Miami Hurricanes by a score of 27-21 to claim their first national championship in school history. The Hoosiers became the first FBS team since the 1894 Yale Bulldogs to have a perfect 16-0 season. This was the second season of the 12-team College Football Playoff (CFP) system.
William Wagner (long snapper)
William Wagner (born December 20, 2000) is an American professional football long snapper for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan Wolverines. Wagner was an All-Big Ten selection, winning three consecutive conference titles and a national championship in 2023.

2024 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 2024 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen as All-Big Ten Conference players for the 2024 Big Ten Conference football season. The conference recognizes two official All-Big Ten selectors: (1) the Big Ten conference coaches selected separate offensive and defensive units and named first-, second- and third-team players (the "Coaches" team); and (2) a panel of sports writers and broadcasters covering the Big Ten also selected offensive and defensive units and named first-, second- and third-team players (the "Media" team).
2013 New Zealand NBL season
The 2013 NBL season was the 32nd season of the National Basketball League. The 2013 season saw the withdrawal of the Auckland Pirates and Harbour Heat, but saw the return of the Waikato Pistons after a one-year hiatus as well as the Super City Rangers, who returned to the league for the first time since 1995.

The 2013 NBL Final Four saw the top four teams play off on Saturday 13 July in a semifinals round, with the winner of each game playing in the final on Sunday 14 July at Pettigrew Green Arena in Napier.

Brian Conklin
Brian Christopher Conklin (born September 5, 1989) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Ibaraki Robots of the Japanese B.League. He played college basketball for Saint Louis University and has since played in New Zealand, Australia, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, France, Turkey, Portugal, and Mexico.
1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team
The 1954 Missouri Tigers baseball team represented the University of Missouri in the 1954 NCAA baseball season. The Tigers played their home games at Rollins Field. The team was coached by Hi Simmons in his 16th season at Missouri.

The Tigers won the College World Series, defeating Rollins College 4-1 in the final.

1954 NCAA baseball season
The 1954 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1954.  The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1954 College World Series.  The College World Series, held for the eighth time in 1954, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament.  Missouri claimed the championship.
2007 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team
The 2007 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University as a member of the Big 12 Conference during the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by  eighth-year head coach Mike Leach, the Red Raiders compiled an overall record of 9–4 with a mark of 4–4 in conference play, placing in a three-way tie for third in the Big 12's South Division  with Texas A&M and Oklahoma State. While all three teams had a matching 4–4 conference record, Tech had a better overall record of 9–4 compared to the Aggies and Cowboys, who both had a record of 7–6. Texas Tech was invited to the Gator Bowl, where they defeated Virginia. The Red Raiders were ranked No. 22 in the final AP Poll and No. 23 in the final Coaches Poll. The team played home games at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.

Entering the season, the Red Raiders were predicted to finish fifth in the Big 12 South, ahead of only Baylor.

Danny Amendola
Daniel James Amendola (/ˌæmənˈdoʊlə/ ah-mən-DOH-lə; born November 2, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Tech Red Raiders and was signed by the Dallas Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2008.

After spending his entire rookie season on the Cowboys' practice squad, Amendola then spent part of the 2009 season on the practice squad of the Philadelphia Eagles before being signed by the St. Louis Rams. With the Rams, he began his career as an active player over four seasons. Amendola then spent the next five seasons with the New England Patriots where he appeared in three Super Bowls, winning two. He then had stints with the Miami Dolphins, Detroit Lions, and Houston Texans over the final four seasons of his career. In 2023, Amendola began a coaching position as an assistant/returners coach for the Las Vegas Raiders.
68th (2nd Welsh) Division
The 2nd Welsh Division was a 2nd Line Territorial Force division of the British Army in the First World War. The division was formed as a duplicate of the 53rd (Welsh) Division in January 1915. As the name suggests, the division recruited in Wales, but also included units from Cheshire and Herefordshire in England. In August 1915, in common with all Territorial Force divisions, it was numbered as 68th (2nd Welsh) Division. During the winter of 1917–18, the division was extensively reorganized and lost its territorial identity; henceforth it was known as 68th Division.

It served on home defence duties throughout the war, whilst recruiting, training and supplying drafts to overseas units and formations.  It was stationed for most of the war in East Anglia, particularly in Norfolk and Suffolk and never left the UK.  It was eventually disbanded in March 1919.

53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division
The 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that fought in both the First and Second World Wars. Originally raised in 1908 as the Welsh Division, part of the Territorial Force (TF), the division saw service in First World War, being designated 53rd (Welsh) Division in mid-1915, and fought in the Gallipoli Campaign and in the Middle East. Remaining active in the Territorial Army (TA) during the interwar period as a peacetime formation, the division again saw action in Second World War, fighting in North-western Europe from June 1944 until May 1945.

The 53rd Division was temporarily disbanded at the end of the war, but was reactivated in 1947 when the Territorial Army was reformed and reorganised. In 1968 the division was finally deactivated, but its 160th Brigade remains in service today. As the name suggests, the division recruited mainly in Wales, but also in Herefordshire, Shropshire and Cheshire.
2016 San Diego State Aztecs football team
The 2016 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Aztecs were led by sixth-year head coach Rocky Long and played their home games at Qualcomm Stadium. They were members of the West Division of the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 11–3, 6–2 in Mountain West play to be champions of the West Division. They represented the West Division in the Mountain West Championship Game where they defeated Wyoming to be crowned Mountain West champions for the second consecutive year. They were invited to the Las Vegas Bowl where they defeated Houston.

2016 Las Vegas Bowl
The 2016 Las Vegas Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on December 17, 2016, at Sam Boyd Stadium in Whitney, Nevada. The 25th annual Las Vegas Bowl was one of the 2016–17 bowl games concluding the 2016 FBS football season. The game aired on ABC. Through sponsorship from GEICO, the game was officially known as the Las Vegas Bowl presented by GEICO.
2003–04 ABA season
The 2003–04 ABA season was the third season of the American Basketball Association, and the first season since the league took a year off in 2002 for reorganization. The regular season started in November 2003 and the year ended with the championship game in March 2004 featuring the Long Beach Jam and Kansas City Knights. Long Beach led by Dennis Rodman defeated Kansas City, 126–123 in the championship game to win their first ABA title.

American Basketball Association (2000–present)
The American Basketball Association (ABA) is an American semi-professional men's basketball minor league that was founded in 1999.

ABA teams are based in the United States, with one traveling team from Japan. The league previously had international teams based in Canada, China and Mexico. League management infamously maintains low requirements for franchise ownership, and hundreds of ABA teams have either folded or defected to rival leagues.

The league licenses its name and use of ABA trademarks from the National Basketball Association, which absorbed the American Basketball Association (1967–1976) during the ABA–NBA merger. The Women's American Basketball Association has operated as a sister league to the ABA since 2017.
2013–14 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team
The 2013–14 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Marquette University in the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their coach Buzz Williams served in his sixth year as head coach. Marquette played its home games at the BMO Harris Bradley Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Marquette was a member of the newly reorganized Big East Conference after the split of the old Big East because they are part of the Catholic 7. They finished the season 17–15, 9–9 in Big East play to finish in sixth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big East tournament to Xavier. They did not participate in a postseason tournament.

At the end of the season, head coach Buzz Williams resigned to take the head coaching job at Virginia Tech. He was replaced by Duke assistant coach Steve Wojciechowski.

Buzz Williams
Brent Langdon "Buzz" Williams (born September 1, 1972) is an American basketball coach who is the head coach at the University of Maryland. He previously served as head coach at Texas A&M from 2019 to 2025, Virginia Tech from 2014 to 2019, Marquette from 2008 to 2014, and New Orleans during the 2006–07 season, and as an assistant coach at Texas-Arlington, Texas A&M–Kingsville, Northwestern State, Colorado State, and Texas A&M.

Williams has been known to bring struggling and mid-tier programs to new heights throughout his career. He has also garnered a reputation for never staying at a program for more than six seasons. He coached at Marquette for six seasons, Virginia Tech for five, and Texas A&M for six.
Gary Higgins
Gary John Higgins (born 26 May 1954) is an Australian former politician. A member of the Country Liberal Party, he was elected to represent the seat of Daly in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly at the 2012 election. After the 2016 election, the CLP was reduced to only two members in the Legislative Assembly, with Higgins becoming party leader and Leader of the Opposition. Following health problems, he resigned both positions in favour of Lia Finocchiaro in February 2020, and retired at the 2020 election.

Leader of the Opposition (Northern Territory)
The leader of the opposition is an official role usually occupied by the leader of the second largest party in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly. In the event that party wins an election, the leader of the opposition will most likely become the chief minister.

While the Legislative Assembly was created in 1974, there was no parliamentary opposition for the first three-year term, as every seat was held by the government, with the exception of two that were won by independents.

Even though the leader of the government between 1974 and 1978 was known as majority leader, the position of leader of the opposition was always named as such for the leader of the opposing party and never as minority leader.
2015–16 Greenock Morton F.C. season
Season 2015–16 saw Greenock Morton compete in the Scottish Championship the second tier of Scottish football, having finished top of the Scottish League One in 2014-15. Morton also competed in the Challenge Cup, Scottish League Cup and the Scottish Cup.

Ross Forbes
Ross Forbes (born 3 March 1989) is a Scottish football midfielder. He has played for Motherwell, Dumbarton (three spells), Partick Thistle, Dunfermline Athletic, Greenock Morton, Forfar Athletic, Stenhousemuir and Clyde.
1922 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1922 Chicago Maroons football team represented the University of Chicago during the 1922 Big Ten Conference football season. In Amos Alonzo Stagg's 31st year as head coach, the Maroons finished with a 5–1–1 record.

Notable players on the 1922 Chicago team included guard Joe Pondelik, fullback John Webster Thomas, halfback Jimmy Pyott, tackle Frank Gowdy, and center Ralph King. Thomas was selected by Walter Camp and the New York Tribune as a first-team All-American in 1922. Fritz Crisler was an assistant coach on the team.

Ralph King (American football)
Ralph Warren King (November 2, 1901 – February 8, 1978) was an American football player.  He played center at the University of Chicago from 1921 to 1923 and won first-team All-Big Ten honors in 1922. He also played professional football as a guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the Racine Legion (1924) and Chicago Bears (1925).
Cedar Rapids Rampage
The Cedar Rapids Rampage was an American professional indoor soccer franchise based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Founded in June 2015, the team made its debut in the Major Arena Soccer League with the 2015–16 season. The team's name and logo were revealed at a press conference on July 16, 2015.

The team shared its ownership group with the Cedar Rapids Titans of the Indoor Football League, and sponsored an outdoor team the Cedar Rapids Rampage United that were a part of the Premier League of America.

2015–16 Major Arena Soccer League season
The 2015–16 Major Arena Soccer League season was the eighth season for the league and the second since six teams from the former Major Indoor Soccer League defected to what was formerly called the Professional Arena Soccer League. The regular season started on October 24, 2015, and ended on March 4, 2016. Each team played a 20-game schedule. It was also the 38th season of professional indoor soccer in the United States.
Ernesto Valverde
Ernesto Valverde Tejedor (born 9 February 1964) is a Spanish football manager and former player who played as a forward. He is the current manager of La Liga club Athletic Bilbao.

Over ten seasons, he amassed La Liga totals of 264 games and 68 goals, adding 55 matches and nine goals in the Segunda División. He played for six teams in a 14-year professional career, including Espanyol, Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao.

Valverde later went on to have an extensive spell as a manager, including being in charge of all three clubs. He won the double with Olympiacos in 2008–09 and 2011–12, and Barcelona in 2017–18.

2008–09 Olympiacos F.C. season
The 2008–09 season was Olympiacos's 50th consecutive season in the Super League Greece and their 83rd year in existence. The club are competing in the UEFA Cup after an 11-year participation in the UEFA Champions League, as they were eliminated in the UEFA Champions League third qualifying round by Anorthosis. In the beginning of the summertime, Olympiacos unveiled Spanish Ernesto Valverde as their new coach.
Tech Advisor
Tech Advisor, previously known as PC Advisor, is a consumer tech website and digital magazine published by Foundry. Foundry was previously a subsidiary of International Data Group (IDG, Inc.), which was acquired by Blackstone in 2021, but in March 2025 Foundry was acquired by Regent. Foundry also produces Macworld, PC World and TechHive.

Tech Advisor is a mobile brand, offering reviews and buying advice for the best phones, tablets and wearables, and hacks for improving your life using the technology that is always with you. These applications extend into controlling smart home tech and streaming, which are also covered by the website.

It originated with the 1995 launch of a localised UK and Ireland edition of the US-based PC World magazine. This was renamed PC Advisor to avoid confusion with an unrelated magazine and retailer. In 2017, around the time of the end of the print edition, the PC Advisor website was rebranded as Tech Advisor.

Personal Computer World
Personal Computer World (PCW) (February 1978 – June 2009) was the first British computer magazine.
Although for at least the last decade it contained a high proportion of Windows PC content (reflecting the state of the IT field), the magazine's title was not intended as a specific reference to this. At its inception in 1978 'personal computer' was still a generic term (the Apple II, PET 2001 and TRS-80 had been launched as personal computers in 1977). The magazine began before the Wintel (or IBM PC compatible) platform existed; the original IBM PC itself was introduced in 1981. Similarly, the magazine was unrelated to the Amstrad PCW.
1950 Washington and Lee Generals football team
The 1950 Washington and Lee Generals football team was an American football team that represented Washington and Lee University in the Southern Conference during the 1950 college football season. In their second season under head coach George T. Barclay, the Generals compiled an 8–3 record, won the conference championship, and lost to Wyoming in the 1951 Gator Bowl. The team played its home games at Wilson Field in Lexington, Virginia.

George T. Barclay
George Thomas Barclay (May 24, 1910 – October 6, 1997) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Washington and Lee University from 1949 to 1951 and at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1953 to 1955, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 28–30–2. Barclay was a standout guard and linebacker at North Carolina. He was a three-year starting player from 1932 to 1934. Barclay made the first team All-Southern Conference as a guard in 1933 and 1934 and was an All-American in 1934.
Gladiatrix (comics)
Gladiatrix (Robin Braxton) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, first introduced in 1986. She was created by Mike Carlin and Ron Wilson as a super strong professional wrestler and supervillain as part of the Grapplers. She later appeared in Captain America and featured in Civil War siding with the anti-registration faction.

Grapplers (comics)
The Grapplers is a fictional organization appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is a loosely organized group of female wrestlers, most of whom gained superhuman strength through the group known as Power Broker, Inc. The group's first appearance was in Marvel Two-in-One #54, created by Mark Gruenwald, Ralph Macchio, and John Byrne. The group's membership was later expanded in Thing #33 written by Mark Gruenwald.

The original line up consisted of criminals Titania, Letha, Poundcakes, and Screaming Mimi, organized by Auntie Freeze. The original Grapplers closely resemble members of the DC Comics' group the Female Furies. Screaming Mimi would later become a superhero under the name "Songbird", while Titania was later renamed "Lascivious".
2012–13 Detroit Titans men's basketball team
The 2012–13 Detroit Titans men's basketball team represented the University of Detroit Mercy in the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Ray McCallum. The Titans played their home games at Calihan Hall and were members of the Horizon League. They finished the season 20–13, 12–4 in Horizon League play to finish in second place. They lost in the semifinals of the Horizon League tournament to Wright State. They received an invitation to the 2013 NIT where they lost in the first round to Arizona State.

2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began in November 2012 with the 2K Sports Classic and ended with the 2013 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament Final Four on April 6, 2013 and national championship game on April 8, 2013, both held at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia.
2015 Florida Gators football team
The 2015 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida in the sport of American football during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  The Gators competed in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  They played their home games at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium on the university's campus in Gainesville, Florida.  The 2015 season was their first under head coach Jim McElwain.  The Gators finished a surprising 7–1 in the SEC regular season, earning a berth in the 2015 SEC Championship Game, but ended the season with an overall record of 10–4 after losses in the SEC championship and Citrus Bowl.

2016 Citrus Bowl (January)
The 2016 Citrus Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 2016 at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The 70th edition was one of the 2015–16 NCAA football bowl games that concluded the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game was televised by ABC. It was sponsored by the Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant franchise and is officially known as the Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl.