hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2010 Liberian by-election
The 2010 Liberian by-election held its first round on July 20 and its second round on August 3 in River Gee County's 3rd House district. The vacancy was caused by the death of Representative Albert S. Toe. The ruling Unity Party candidate Christian Snorteh Chea won the election.

River Gee-3
River Gee-3 is an electoral district for the elections to the House of Representatives of Liberia. It is located in a western portion of River Gee County, bordering Grand Gedeh and Maryland counties as well as the Ivory Coast.
Muslim League schisms
The Muslim League was established as a Muslim representative political party in British India, originally as the All India Muslim League. The All India Muslim League was the driving force behind the Pakistan Movement, which resulted in the founding of Pakistan. After independence of Pakistan in 1947, it was originally succeeded by the Muslim League which ruled the country for its first 11 years. The Muslim League was later disbanded by Pakistan's first martial law. Another "Muslim League", the Pakistan Muslim League, was later raised by Ayub Khan in 1962. The Pakistan Muslim League has since split into many factions over the years.

The party, which was initially set up in 1906 to look after the political interests of the Muslims of India, finally spearheaded the struggle for a separate homeland for them. Despite its success, the League suffered from two major weaknesses: lack of a well-defined social and economic programme, and lack of a strong party organisation.

Muslim League (1947–1958)
The Muslim League was the original successor of the All-India Muslim League that led the Pakistan Movement to achieve an independent nation with a numerical majority seats in the parliament of British India.

Five of the country's Prime Ministers have been affiliated with the Muslim League, namely Liaquat Ali Khan, Khwaja Nazimuddin, Mohammad Ali Bogra, Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, and Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar.

The Muslim League was defeated in the 1955 elections to the Constituent Assembly by a political alliance known as the United Front. However, Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali and later Prime Minister Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar were appointed to lead a minority government. The party was dissolved in 1958 after the declaration of Martial Law by General Muhammad Ayub Khan, the Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army.
Hierodoris frigida
Hierodoris frigida is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and is only found in the South Island. This species is found in two parts of that island, the Nelson/Tasman area and the Mackenzie, Otago and Dunedin areas in the southern part of the island. Although similar to H. iophanes this species can be distinguished as H. frigida has white bands on its forewings and the metallic coloured areas differ in placement. Segment 2 on the labial palp is entirely yellow and enables this species to be distinguished from the similar appearing species H. polita and H. torrida. Larvae have been collected amongst leaf litter from beneath species within the genus Thymus. It prefers open and shrubland habitats and adult moths have been observed flying close to the soil underneath Leptospermum scrub.

Hierodoris iophanes
Hierodoris iophanes is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1912. This species can be distinguished from others in its genus by the purple metallic colouration as well as the blue-white mark on its forewings. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it has been recorded from Auckland to Southland. This species inhabits native forest or scrub, with the adults preferring open glades. They are known to be on the wing from November until February and fly during daylight hours, being active on hot sunny days. Larvae feed on the interior of twigs of Prumnopitys ferruginea. The twigs had evidence of oviposition scars of cicadas and the larvae were collected in October after reddish-brown frass indicated their location within the twigs.
ECFA Debate
The Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement Television Debate was a televised debate between the President of the Republic of China, Ma Ying-jeou, who is also chairman of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang), and the chairperson of Democratic Progressive Party, Tsai Ing-wen, which aired on April 25, 2010.

The term The Meeting of the Two Yings originates from the first character of both leaders' personal names (Chinese: 英; pinyin: yīng). The debate was on the ECFA and related issues, and was broadcast on Sunday of April 25, 2010 by the Public Television Service.  This was the first time the Republic of China President held a policy debate with the opposition. Ma himself also claimed the debate to be a first between the president and the opposition party chairperson.

Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
The Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) is a free trade agreement (FTA) between the governments of the People's Republic of China (mainland China, PRC, commonly "China") and the Republic of China (ROC, commonly "Taiwan"), that aims to reduce tariffs and commercial barriers as well as improve cross-strait relations.

The pact was signed on June 29, 2010, in Chongqing, and was seen as the most significant agreement since the two sides split after the Chinese Civil War in 1949, since neither government recognize the other as being the sole government of China. It was expected to boost the then current US$197.28 billion bilateral trade between both sides. In May 2024, following the inauguration of Lai Ching-te, the PRC suspended preferential tariff arrangements on 134 items under the ECFA.
Stat (system call)
stat() is a Unix system call that queries the file system for metadata about a file (including special files such as directories). The metadata contains many fields including type, size, ownership, permissions and timestamps.

For example, the ls command uses this system call to retrieve timestamps:

mtime: when last modified (ls -l)

atime: when last accessed (ls -lu)

ctime: when last status changed (ls -lc)

stat() appeared in Version 1 Unix. It is among the few original Unix system calls to change, with Version 4's addition of group permissions and larger file size.

Since at least 2004, the same-named shell command stat has been available for Linux to expose features of the system call via a command-line interface.

System call
In computing, a system call (syscall) is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system on which it is executed. This may include hardware-related services (for example, accessing a hard disk drive or accessing the device's camera), creation and execution of new processes, and communication with integral kernel services such as process scheduling.  System calls provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system.

In most systems, system calls can only be made from userspace processes, while in some systems, OS/360 and successors for example, privileged system code also issues system calls.

For embedded systems, system calls typically do not change the privilege mode of the CPU.
Madan Mahal, Jabalpur
Madan Mahal is a suburban area of Jabalpur famous for the historical Durgavati fort. The area also has a railway station named Madan Mahal.

Madan Mahal Fort in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, stands as a testimony to the lives of the rulers who ruled Jabalpur for a good number of years in the 11th century AD. Situated at a hilltop, a couple of kilometres away from the city, Madan Mahal Fort was built by the Raja Madan Singh.

Madan Mahal railway station
Madan Mahal Station (station code: MML) is a B category secondary main railway station of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. The railway station is ISO 14001:2015 certified. It is one of the first pink railway station of India. An extension of the platform is undergoing which would make it the 7th longest platform in India of length 750m approx.
Cornelia Deaderick Glenn
Cornelia Deaderick Glenn (September 4, 1854 – December 9, 1926) was an American society hostess and temperance activist who, as the wife of Robert Broadnax Glenn, served as First Lady of North Carolina from 1905 to 1909. She was involved in the temperance movement and avidly supported her husband's 1908 Prohibition campaign that banned liquor statewide. A devout Presbyterian, she was the founder of one of Winston-Salem's first benevolent societies.

Robert Broadnax Glenn
Robert Brodnax Glenn (August 11, 1854 – May 16, 1920) was an American lawyer, prosecuting attorney, U.S. Attorney, and politician who served as a state senator and as the 51st Governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1905 to 1909.
William Collins (poet)
William Collins (25 December 1721 – 12 June 1759) was an English poet. Second in influence only to Thomas Gray, he was an important poet of the middle decades of the 18th century. His lyrical odes mark a progression from the Augustan poetry of Alexander Pope's generation and towards the imaginative ideal of the Romantic era.

Thomas Gray
Thomas Gray (26 December 1716 – 30 July 1771) was an English poet, letter-writer, and classical scholar at Cambridge University, being a fellow first of Peterhouse then of Pembroke College. He is widely known for his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, published in 1751. Gray was a self-critical writer who published only 13 poems in his lifetime, despite being very popular. He was even offered the position of Poet Laureate in 1757 after the death of Colley Cibber, though he declined.
Sanur, Jenin
Sanur (Arabic: صانور, also spelled Sanour) is a Palestinian village located 26 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Jenin, in the Jenin Governorate of the State of Palestine. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Sanur had a population of 4,067 in 2007 and 5,036 in 2017. During the late Ottoman era, Sanur served as a fortified village of the Jarrar family and played a key role in limiting the centralized power of the Ottoman sultanate, the Ottoman governors of Damascus and Acre and the Ottoman-aligned Tuqan family of Nablus from exerting direct authority over the rural highlands of Jabal Nablus (modern-day northern West Bank).

Jenin
32°27′40″N 35°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿32.46111°N 35.30000°E﻿ / 32.46111; 35.30000

Jenin (/ʒɪˈniːn/ zhin-EEN; Arabic: جنين, romanized: Jinīn, locally pronounced [ʒɪˈniːn] ⓘ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and is the capital of the Jenin Governorate. It is a hub for the surrounding towns. Jenin came under Israeli occupation in 1967, and was put under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority as Area A of the West Bank, a Palestinian enclave, in 1995.

The city had a population of approximately 50,000 people in 2017, whilst the Jenin refugee camp had a population of about 10,000, housing families of Palestinians who fled or were expelled from their homes during the 1948 Palestine War. The camp has since become a stronghold of Palestinian militants, being the location of several incidents relating to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Karasuyama Domain
Karasuyama Domain (烏山藩, Karasuyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in the Nasu region of northern Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Tochigi Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Karasuyama Castle in what is now part of the city of Karasuyama, Tochigi. Karasuyama was ruled by a number of clans in its early history, but was ruled by a junior branch of the Ōkubo clan from the mid-Edo period onwards. The Karasuyama Ōkubo clan maintained a secondary jin'ya in what is now Atsugi, Kanagawa to administer its extensive holdings in Sagami Province.

Shimotsuke Province
Shimotsuke Province (下野国, Shimotsuke no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [ɕi.moꜜ.tsɯ̥.ke (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Tochigi Prefecture. Shimotsuke was bordered by Kōzuke, Hitachi, Mutsu and Shimōsa Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Yashū (野州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Shimotsuke was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the 30 "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital is located in what is now the city of Tochigi. The Ichinomiya of the province is the Futarasan jinja located in what is now the city of Utsunomiya.
Album Aceh: Nyawöung
Album Aceh: Nyawöung (Acehnese: Album Acèh: Nyawöung, lit. 'Aceh's Album: Spirit'), simply known as Nyawöung (lit. 'Spirit'), is an album released under the label Joe Project. Released in August 2000, Nyawöung is a collaboration album between several Acehnese singers and musicians led by Joe, the nickname of Jauhari Samalanga.

Nyawöung consists of Acehnese folk songs and songs describing the Acehnese conflict from the perspective of Aceh and its effects on the ordinary people who suffer from it. At the time, it became one of the fastest selling albums in Aceh.

Acehnese language
Acehnese (/ˌɑːtʃəˈniːz/ AH-chə-NEEZ; Bahsa/Basa Acèh; Jawoe: بهسا اچيه, IPA: [bahsa at͡ʃɛh]), also written as  Achinese, is an Austronesian language of the Chamic branch natively spoken by the Acehnese people in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. This language is also spoken by Acehnese descendants in some parts of Malaysia like in Yan District, Kedah.  Acehnese is used as the co-official language in the province of Aceh, alongside Indonesian.

Being part of the Chamic languages group, Acehnese is the only Austronesian language of the Chamic branch spoken in Indonesia, its closest relatives are the other Chamic languages, which are principally spoken in Vietnam and Cambodia.
Claddagh ring
A Claddagh ring (Irish: fáinne an Chladaigh) is a traditional Irish ring with three primary features: a heart to represent love, a crown to represent loyalty, and two clasped hands to symbolise friendship. The design and customs associated with it originated in Claddagh, County Galway. Its modern form was first produced in the 17th century. Claddagh rings have been used as engagement and wedding rings in medieval and Renaissance Europe. The oldest surviving examples of the Claddagh ring were forged by Bartholomew Fallon.

Wedding ring
A wedding ring or wedding band is a finger ring that indicates that its wearer is married. It is usually forged from metal, traditionally gold or another precious metal. Rings were used in ancient Rome during marriage.

In western culture, a wedding ring is typically worn on the base of the left ring finger. The ring finger is widely said to be associated with the traditional belief known as vena amoris ("vein of love").
Csongrád-Csanád County
Csongrád-Csanád (Hungarian: Csongrád-Csanád vármegye [ˈt͡ʃoŋɡraːd ˈt͡ʃɒnaːd]) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in southern Hungary, straddling the river Tisza, on the border with Serbia and Romania. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Bács-Kiskun County, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County and Békés. The administrative centre of Csongrád-Csanád county is Szeged. The county is also part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.

Counties of Hungary
Hungary is subdivided administratively into 19 counties (vármegyék, singular: vármegye) and the capital city (főváros) Budapest. The counties are further subdivided into 174 districts (járások, singular: járás). The capital Budapest is subdivided into 23 districts (kerületek, singular: kerület).

There are 25 cities with county rights (megyei jogú városok, singular: megyei jogú város), sometimes called urban counties. The local authorities of these towns have extended powers but they are not independent territorial units.

The current system of counties has evolved from medieval fiefdoms of the Kingdom of Hungary; each fiefdom was ruled from a castle (Hungarian: vár). Between 1950 and 2022, the counties of Hungary were officially called megyék (singular: megye). On 1 January 2023, the original historical name vármegye was officially restored.
Tamdoult
Tamdult (also Tamedoult, Tamdlt; Arabic: تامدولت; Berber languages: ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ) was a medieval city located near the Draa river south-east of Akka, Morocco. It was an important and flourishing stop in the Trans-Saharan trade route, linking Nul (Asrir), Ouadane, and Awdaghust to Sijilmasa, Massa and N'fis. The city was founded in the second century BC by the Berbers Shilha. In the ninth century  one the sons of Idriss II, founder of the Idrisid dynasty, who had been given a principality in the Sous to reign over the Lamta tribe.

The city and its fortress were allegedly destroyed in the 14th century by a king of the Marinid dynasty. Today, the shrine of Sidi Mohamed ben Abdallah Ichanaoui is the only surviving structure in the ruins site.

The Shrine of Sidi Shanawil is one of a number of shrines in the Anti-Atlas honoring, according to local narratives, Jewish prophets who died on their way to these communities coming from Palestine.

Sijilmasa
Sijilmasa (Arabic: سجلماسة; also transliterated Sijilmassa, Sidjilmasa, Sidjilmassa and Sigilmassa) was a medieval Moroccan city and trade entrepôt at the northern edge of the Sahara in Morocco. The ruins of the town extend for five miles along the River Ziz in the Tafilalt oasis near the town of Rissani. Its founding is associated with the creation of the Tafilalt oasis, and much of its economic success during the medieval period has been attributed to the agricultural capabilities granted by the oasis' massive canal. The town's history was marked by several successive invasions by Berber dynasties. Up until the 14th century, as the northern terminus for the western trans-Sahara trade route, it was one of the most important trade centres in the Maghreb during the Middle Ages.
Motronic
Motronic is the trade name given to a range of digital engine control units developed by Robert Bosch GmbH (commonly known as Bosch) which combined control of fuel injection and ignition in a single unit. By controlling both major systems in a single unit, many aspects of the engine's characteristics (such as power, fuel economy, drivability, and emissions) can be improved.

Bosch (company)
Robert Bosch GmbH (/bɒʃ/; German: [bɔʃ] ⓘ), commonly known as Bosch (styled BOSCH), is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosch is 94% owned by the Robert Bosch Stiftung, a charitable institution. Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch's business.

Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility (hardware and software), consumer goods (including household appliances and power tools), industrial technology (including drive and control), and energy and building technology.

In terms of revenue, Bosch is the largest automotive supplier. From 2025 onwards, Bosch faced massive economic problems in the automotive sector, because global sales of German cars are declining.
Mugo Gatheru
Reuel John Mugo Gatheru (21 August 1925 – 27 November 2011) was a Kenyan writer known for his 1964 memoir, Child of Two Worlds, which describes his early life in Kenya and his education abroad.

Mugo later became a history professor at California State University, Sacramento, where he taught from 1968 until 2002. He later authored a book on Kenyan history and another on Kikuyu folklore.

Kikuyu people
The Kikuyu (also Agĩkũyũ/ Gĩkũyũ) are a Bantu ethnic group native to Central Kenya, and originated in West-Central Africa. They are native to Central Kenya and were part of the Thagicu group that settled around Mount Kenya and primarily inhabit the fertile central highlands of Kenya. Traditionally, the Kikuyu community was organized into nine clans Anjirũ, Ambũi, Agacikũ, and Aceera, among others. At a population of 8,148,668 as of the 2019 census, they account for ~17.13% of the total population of Kenya, making them the country's largest ethnic group followed by the Luhya, Kalenjin, Luo, and Kamba collective making the "Big Five"

The term Kikuyu is the Swahili borrowing of the autonym Gĩkũyũ (Gikuyu pronunciation: [ɣèkòjóꜜ]).
Hungaria (train)
Hungaria (Hungária) is a EuroCity train which runs between Budapest Nyugati and Hamburg - Altona, currently running with coaches of MÁV. It is numbered as EC 172-173 and runs daily, mainly with MÁV owned rolling stocks.

EuroCity
EuroCity (EC) is an international train category and brand for European inter-city trains that cross international borders and meet criteria covering comfort, speed, food service, and cleanliness. Each EC train is operated by more than one European Union or Swiss rail company, under a multilateral co-operative arrangement, and all EC trains link important European cities with each other.

The EuroCity label replaced the older Trans Europ Express (TEE) name for border-crossing trains in Europe. Whereas TEE services were first-class only, EuroCity trains convey first- and second-class coaches.
Trudy Harrison
Trudy Lynne Harrison (born 19 April 1976) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Copeland from the February 2017 by-election to the 2024 general election. Her election marked the first time Copeland had elected a Conservative MP since 1931, and the first time the constituency had elected a female MP. Three months after her by-election victory, Harrison was re-elected in the 2017 general election and held her seat in 2019.

In December 2019, Harrison was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to Prime Minister Boris Johnson. In September 2021, she was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Transport; she was promoted to Minister of State in the same department in July 2022.

She was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Environment by Prime Minister Liz Truss in September 2022. She was reappointed by Rishi Sunak.

Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
The parliamentary private secretary to the prime minister is a parliamentary private secretary serving the prime minister of the United Kingdom. The holder of the office is widely viewed as the prime minister's "eyes and ears" on the backbenches, serving as a liaison to the prime minister's parliamentary party. The parliamentary private secretary is also responsible for meeting with members of Parliament when the prime minister is unavailable, and accompanying the prime minister to, and assisting them with preparations for Prime Minister's Questions. They usually sit directly behind the prime minister during question time.
PM Selfiewallie
PM Selfiewallie is a 2018 Hindi web series, created by Ekta Kapoor for her video on demand platform ALTBalaji. The web series is about an NRI fashionista who accidentally becomes the PM of India.

The series is available for streaming on the ALT Balaji App and its associated websites since its release date.

ALTT
ALTT, formerly ALTBalaji, was an Indian subscription based video on demand platform and a wholly owned subsidiary of Balaji Telefilms. Launched on 16 April 2017, ALTBalaji became Balaji Telefilms' foray into the digital entertainment sphere to create original OTT content.

In July 2025, it was banned by the government of India citing obscenity. Balaji Telefilms went onto replace ALTT with Kutingg, a family friendly streaming platform.