hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dean Acheson
Dean Gooderham Acheson (/ˈætʃɪsən/ ATCH-iss-ən; April 11, 1893 – October 12, 1971) was an American politician and lawyer. As the 51st U.S. secretary of state, he set the foreign policy of the Harry S. Truman administration from 1949 to 1953. He was also Truman's main foreign policy advisor from 1945 to 1947 during early years of the Cold War. Acheson helped design the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, as well as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. He was in private law practice from July 1947 to December 1948.

After 1949, Acheson came under political attack from Republicans led by Senator Joseph McCarthy over Truman's policy toward the People's Republic of China. During the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, President John F. Kennedy called upon Acheson for advice, bringing him into the executive committee (ExComm), a strategic advisory group. As a private citizen in 1968, he counseled President Lyndon B. Johnson to negotiate for peace with North Vietnam.

EXCOMM
The Executive Committee of the National Security Council (commonly referred to as simply the Executive Committee or ExComm) was a body of United States government officials that convened to advise President John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. It was composed of the regular members of the National Security Council, along with other men whose advice the President deemed useful during the crisis. EXCOMM was formally established by National Security Action Memorandum 196 on October 22, 1962. It was made up of twelve full members in addition to the president. Advisers frequently sat in on the meetings, which were held in the Cabinet Room of the White House's West Wing and secretly recorded by tape machines activated by Kennedy. None of the other committee members knew the meetings were being recorded, save probably the president's brother, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy.
Caversham, Western Australia
Caversham is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located in the City of Swan.

It contains many wineries as part of the Swan Valley wine region.
It is the location of brick and tile manufacturers, with Brisbane & Wunderlich establishing a tile manufacturing factory in 1953.
It has long been associated with agricultural pursuits and has regularly had a show.

It has also been the location of child welfare properties such as Riverbank.  In the 2000s Caversham was the location of a detention centre known as the Disability Justice Centre.
The Hall - originally known as the  Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall built in 1921, was replaced by the Caversham and District Memorial Hall.

It also was the location of the Caversham Wildlife Park, which has since moved into Whiteman Park.

It was the location of a war-time airstrip, the Caversham Airfield, which was later utilised as a motor-raceway.

Caversham Wildlife Park
Caversham Wildlife Park is a wildlife park currently located in Whiteman Park in Western Australia. It is home to several Australian animals including kangaroos, koalas, possums, wallabies, wombats and Tasmanian devils.

It was originally located in the locality of Caversham. The Park was bought by a couple, David and Pat, in 1988 and covered 2 hectares (4.9 acres) of land. It was later doubled in size when the couple bought the adjoining property and increased the number of animals.

It shifted into Whiteman Park in 2003.

The park is home to over 100 species of birds, at least 19 species of native marsupial mammals, and at 36 species of native reptiles, as well as many others.
Karner, New York
Karner is a hamlet of the town of Colonie, Albany County, New York, United  States. Once called Center Station, it was a stop along the New York Central Railroad (NYCRR) that became famous for being the site where the Karner Blue butterfly was first identified.

Albany County, New York
Albany County (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is a county in the state of New York, United States. Its northern border is formed by the Mohawk River, at its confluence with the Hudson River, which is to the east. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 314,848. The county seat and largest city is Albany, which is also the state capital of New York. As originally established by the English government in the colonial era, Albany County had an indefinite amount of land, but has had an area of 530 square miles (1,400 km2) since March 3, 1888. The county is named for the Duke of York and of Albany, who became James II of England (James VII of Scotland). The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1970 TV series)
The Six Wives of Henry VIII is a series of six television plays produced by the BBC and first transmitted between 1 January and 5 February 1970. The series later aired in the United States on CBS from 1 August to 5 September 1971 with narration added by Anthony Quayle. The series was rebroadcast in the United States without commercials on PBS as part of its Masterpiece Theatre series.

Each of the six plays focuses on a single wife, often from their perspective, and was written by a different dramatist. The series was produced by Mark Shivas and Ronald Travers and directed by Naomi Capon and John Glenister.

Anthony Quayle
Sir John Anthony Quayle (7 September 1913 – 20 October 1989) was a British actor. He was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe for his supporting role as Thomas Wolsey in the film Anne of the Thousand Days (1969). He also played important roles in such major studio productions as The Guns of Navarone (1961), Lawrence of Arabia (1962), The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964), Operation Crossbow (1965), QB VII (1974) and The Eagle Has Landed (1976). Quayle was knighted in the 1985 New Year Honours.
Hayward Area Recreation and Park District
The Hayward Area Recreation and Park District (H.A.R.D.) is the park management agency for most of the parks in the city of Hayward, California. It was created in 1944 and is an independent special district under California law. H.A.R.D. is the largest recreation district in California. It also manages parks in the bordering unincorporated communities of Castro Valley, San Lorenzo, Fairview, Ashland and Cherryland. It manages the park grounds for numerous schools in the region. Events and classes are scheduled and listed in a quarterly brochure. The parks' 2021 budget is $24,306,495.

Hayward, California
Hayward is a city in Alameda County, California, United States, in the East Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area. With a population of 162,954 as of 2020, Hayward is the sixth largest city in the Bay Area, and the third largest in Alameda County. Hayward was ranked as the 36th most populous municipality in California. It is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose Metropolitan Statistical Area by the US Census. It is located primarily between Castro Valley, San Leandro and Union City, and lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge.
Cherokee High School (Georgia)
Cherokee High School is one of six public high schools of the Cherokee County School District in Cherokee County, Georgia, United States.  It is located in Canton. Established in 1956, it replaced Canton High School, the county's first high school.

Cherokee County, Georgia
Cherokee County is in the US state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census the population was 266,620. The county seat is Canton. The county Board of Commissioners is the governing body, with members elected to office. Cherokee County is included to be part of Metro Atlanta.
Panhellenic Citizen Chariot
Panhellenic Citizen Chariot  (Greek: Πανελλήνιο Άρμα Πολιτών) is a Greek anti-austerity party.

The party was formed by two MPs of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement, Giannis Dimaras and Vasilis Oikonomou. On October 20, 2011 Vasilis Oikonomou decided to form his own movement under the name "Free Citizens".

On 17 April 2012, an election cooperation agreement with the conservative anti-austerity party Independent Greeks was reached. The leader Giannis Dimaras and Gabriel Avramidis were elected with the Independent Greeks in Athens B and Thessaloniki A constituencies, respectively.

Independent Greeks
The Independent Greeks – National Patriotic Alliance  (Greek: Ανεξάρτητοι Έλληνες (ΑΝΕΛ), Anexartitoi Ellines, ANEL) was a national conservative political party in Greece.

The party was the junior coalition partner to the Coalition of the Radical Left (Syriza) in the first and second Tsipras governments, from January 2015 until the June 2019 parliamentary election, in which the party did not participate.
Ulf Sandström (ice hockey)
Ulf Hendry Sandström (born 24 April 1967 in Härnösand, Sweden) is a retired Swedish ice hockey player.

Among the clubs he played for are Bodens IK, Luleå HF and Modo Hockey. He has also appeared 47 times in the Swedish national ice hockey team, and participated in 1988 Winter Olympics, where the team took the bronze medal.

Sandström was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 5th round of the 1987 NHL Entry Draft, as 92nd overall.

A tragic bicycle accident has left Sandström paralyzed from the waist down.

Härnösand
Härnösand (Swedish pronunciation: [hæɳøˈsanːd]) is a locality and the seat of Härnösand Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden with 25,012 inhabitants in 2023. It is called "the gate to the High Coast" because of the world heritage landscape just a few miles north of Härnösand. Härnösand is the seat of the Diocese of Härnösand, the County Governor residence and Västernorrland County Museum.
Joshua Barnes
Joshua Barnes FRS (10 January 1654 – 3 August 1712), was an English scholar. His work Gerania; a New Discovery of a Little Sort of People, anciently discoursed of, called Pygmies (1675) was an Utopian romance.

Gerania (book)
Gerania (subtitled: Gerania; a New Discovery of a Little Sort of People, anciently discoursed of, called Pygmies) is a 1675 novel by Joshua Barnes. The work falls into the utopian socialism genre. It is set in India, with a race of pygmies living within a communitarian utopia, with Homer as their "lawgiver". In contrast with the policy of closure and occlusion common to the movement, Barnes' pygmy utopia is open and congenial, affable to outsiders.
Yamato River
The Yamato River (大和川, Yamato-gawa) is a river that flows through Nara Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is designated Class A by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT).

The river flows via towns:

Nara Prefecture
Yamatokōriyama

Osaka Prefecture
Kashiwara
Fujiidera - confluence with Ishikawa River

Since 1704, the river was reconfigured, originally its flow was north from the Ishikawa River confluence point, where it joined the Shirinashi River and Kizu River.

At the river mouth is a densely populated area and the river forms a natural border between Osaka and Sakai.

Yamatokōriyama
Yamatokōriyama (大和郡山市, Yamatokōriyama-shi) is a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan.  As of 30 September 2024, the city had an estimated population of 82,731 in 39,628 households, and a population density of 1,900 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 42.69 km2 (16.48 sq mi).
Sardis
Sardis (/ˈsɑːrdɪs/ SAR-diss) or Sardes (/ˈsɑːrdiːs/ SAR-deess; Lydian: 𐤮𐤱𐤠𐤭, romanized: Sfar; Ancient Greek: Σάρδεις, romanized: Sárdeis; Old Persian: 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭, romanized: Sparda) was an ancient city best known as the capital of the Lydian Empire. After the fall of the Lydian Empire, it became the capital of the Persian satrapy of Lydia and later a major center of Hellenistic and Byzantine culture. Now an active archaeological site, it is located in modern day Turkey, in Manisa Province, near the town of Sart. Sardis was also mentioned as the campsite of Brutus and Cassius in William Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar (1599).

In 2025, Sardis was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Lydian language
Lydian is an extinct Indo-European Anatolian language spoken in the region of Lydia, in western Anatolia (now in Turkey). The language is attested in graffiti and in coin legends from the late 8th century or the early 7th century to the 3rd century BCE, but well-preserved inscriptions of significant length are so far limited to the 5th century and the 4th century BCE, during the period of Persian domination. Thus, Lydian texts are effectively contemporaneous with those in Lycian.

Strabo mentions that around his time (1st century BCE), the Lydian language was no longer spoken in Lydia proper but was still being spoken among the multicultural population of Kibyra (now Gölhisar) in southwestern Anatolia, by the descendants of the Lydian colonists, who had founded the city.
Indian Hollow, Virginia
Indian Hollow is an unincorporated community along Hogue Creek in Frederick County, Virginia, United States. It is named for the Indian Hollow through Hunting Ridge. The community is located on Indian Hollow Road (VA 679) northeast of Hayfield.

Frederick County, Virginia
39°13′N 78°16′W﻿ / ﻿39.21°N 78.26°W﻿ / 39.21; -78.26

Frederick County is the northernmost county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 91,419. Its county seat is Winchester. The county was formed in 1743 by splitting Orange County. Frederick County is included in the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area.
Electoral district of Grafton
Grafton was electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1880 to 1904 and was named after and included the town of Grafton.

Its only member was John See and this was the only seat that See held. See was a member of the Protectionist Party from 1887 and which became the Progressive Party from 1901. See became Premier when William Lyne moved to Federal Parliament in March 1901. For the 1904 election the Legislative Assembly was reduced in size from 125 to 90 seats as a result of Federation. The redistribution saw Grafton absorbed by The Clarence, while much of The Clarence become part of Raleigh.

Sir John See retired as Premier and member for Grafton in June 1904 due to ill health, and accepted an appointment to the Legislative Council.

John See
Sir John See KCMG JP (14 October 1844 – 31 January 1907) was a member of the New South Wales Legislature from 26 November 1880 to 15 June 1901, and was then Premier of New South Wales from 1901 to 1904.

See was a self-made man of strong character, an excellent business man and a sound politician. He was well regarded by both sides of politics, for Labour politicians judged that the establishment of the State clothing factory during his administration  had a great influence in abolishing sweating, and that the right to women to vote for New South Wales parliament, although not to stand for it, was also introduced. The governor of New South Wales at the time of his Premiership, the 7th Earl of Beauchamp, privately judged See to be "a self made man of good heart but a most pushing and disagreeable manner".
Birdy Sweeney
Birdy Sweeney (14 June 1931 – 11 May 1999) was an Irish actor and comedian.

Born Edmund Francis Sweeney in Dungannon, County Tyrone, he was nicknamed "Birdy" from his childhood ability to imitate bird calls which he demonstrated on BBC Radio Ulster. He was a stand-up comedian on the club circuit for more than thirty years before he gained his first acting work as an extra in BBC Northern Ireland's adaptation of the play Too Late to Talk to Billy in 1982.

Sweeney made minor appearances in several major films, including The Crying Game (1992), The Hanging Gale (1995), The Snapper (1993) The Butcher Boy (1997), and Angela's Ashes, and made his stage debut in the 1989 Dublin production of The Iceman Cometh at the Abbey Theatre. From 1996, he played farmer Eamon Byrne in the first four series of the BBC drama series Ballykissangel.

Dungannon
Dungannon (from Irish Dún Geanainn, meaning 'Geanann's fort', pronounced [d̪ˠuːn̪ˠ ˈɟan̪ˠən̪ˠ]) is a town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is the second-largest town in the historic county (after Omagh) and had a population of 16,282 at the 2021 Census. Since 2015, the town shares local government with Magherafelt and Cookstown in the Mid-Ulster District Council.

For centuries, Dungannon was the 'capital' of the O'Neill dynasty of Tír Eoghain, who dominated most of Ulster and built a castle on the hill. After the O'Neills' defeat in the Nine Years' War, the English founded a plantation town on the site. A linen centre in the 19th century, it attracted an extensive food processing industry in the late 20th. Moy Park, a leading poultry producer, is today the town's largest employer. As a result of May Park and other processors sourcing immigrant labour, Dungannon currently has the highest percentage of residents born outside of the British Isles of any town in Northern Ireland.
York (federal electoral district)
York was a federal electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1917.

It was created as part of the British North America Act 1867. It consisted of the County of York. It was abolished in 1914 when it was merged into York—Sunbury riding.

Fredericton—Oromocto
Fredericton—Oromocto (formerly known as Fredericton—York—Sunbury and simply Fredericton) is a federal electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. Its population in 2021 was  87,436. Its predecessor riding, York—Sunbury, was represented in the House of Commons from 1917 to 1988.

The district includes the city of Fredericton, and the town of Oromocto and vicinity.

The neighbouring ridings are Miramichi, Beauséjour, Fundy Royal, New Brunswick Southwest, and Tobique—Mactaquac.
Lilian's Story
Lilian's Story is a 1996 Australian film based on a 1985 novel by Australian author Kate Grenville, which was inspired by the life of Bea Miles, a famous Sydney nonconformist. The film stars Ruth Cracknell and Toni Collette as Lilian and her younger self, respectively, alongside Barry Otto. Cracknell had been a Shakespearean actress of the stage for many years.

Bea Miles
Beatrice Miles (17 September 1902 – 3 December 1973) was an Australian eccentric and bohemian rebel. Described as Sydney's "iconic eccentric", she was known for her contentious relationships with the city's taxi drivers and for her ability to quote any passage from Shakespeare for money.
Mandura
Mandura is one of the 20 Districts of Ethiopia, or woredas, in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Metekel Zone, it is bordered by Dangur in the north and northwest, by Pawe special woreda in the northeast, by Amhara Region in the east, by Dibate in the south, and by Bulen in the southwest. Towns in Mandura include Genete Mariam.

Originally Mandura and Dibate were subunits of Guangua woreda, which was part of the Metekel awraja; in the 1960s these two subunits were split off to form separate woredas in order to strengthen government control over the local Gumuz people. Remaining parts of Guangua was transferred to Amhara when that region was organized in the 1992.

Guangua
Guangua (Amharic: ጓንጓ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Agew Awi Zone, Guangua is bordered on the south and west by the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, on the north by Dangila, on the northwest by Faggeta Lekoma and Banja Shekudad, and on the east by Ankasha Guagusa; the Dura River, a tributary of the Abay River, defines part of its western border. The administrative center of this woreda is Chagni; other towns in Guangua include Kilaj, and Menta Wuha.
Moulins Cathedral
Moulins Cathedral (French: Basilique-Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Annonciation de Moulins, lit. 'Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of the Annunciation of Moulins') is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Moulins, Allier, France. It is also known as Notre-Dame de Moulins.

The cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Moulins. It is a national monument.

The cathedral contains two distinct building phases four centuries apart. It was constructed as a collegiate church in the Flamboyant style at the end of the 15th century. In 1822 it was made a cathedral. To this a neo-Gothic nave, designed by the architects Lassus and Millet, was added at the end of the 19th century.

The treasury contains the famous triptych by the Maître de Moulins, which was commissioned around 1500 by the Duke of Bourbon.

Moulins, Allier
Moulins (French pronunciation: [mulɛ̃] ⓘ, Molins in Bourbonnais oïl dialect) is a commune in central France, capital of the Allier department. It is located on the river Allier.

Among its many tourist attractions are the Maison Mantin, the Anne de Beaujeu Museum, and The National Center of Costume and Scenography.
Courts of Wisconsin
Courts of Wisconsin include:

State courts of Wisconsin

Wisconsin Supreme Court (7 justices)
Wisconsin Court of Appeals (4 districts, 16 judges)
Wisconsin Circuit Court (9 judicial administrative districts (1–5; 7–10), 69 circuits, 261 judges)
Wisconsin Municipal Courts

Federal courts located in Wisconsin

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin

United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin

Former federal courts of Wisconsin

United States District Court for the District of Wisconsin (extinct, subdivided)

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin (in case citations, E.D. Wis.) is a federal trial court of limited jurisdiction. The court is under the auspices of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, although patent claims and claims against the federal government under the Tucker Act are appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The Eastern District was established on June 30, 1870.

The district's headquarters, central courthouse, and the majority of its offices are located in Milwaukee, but the northern counties of the district are serviced by a courthouse in Green Bay. Currently, Pamela Pepper is the district's chief judge. As of November 17, 2025, the interim United States attorney for the district is Brad Schimel.
Kolbe–Schmitt reaction
The Kolbe–Schmitt reaction or Kolbe process (named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt) is a carboxylation chemical reaction that proceeds by treating phenol with sodium hydroxide to form sodium phenoxide, then heating sodium phenoxide with carbon dioxide under pressure (100 atm, 125 °C), then treating the product with sulfuric acid. The final product is an aromatic hydroxy acid which is also known as salicylic acid (the precursor to aspirin).

By using potassium hydroxide, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is accessible, an important precursor for the versatile paraben class of biocides used e.g. in personal care products.

The methodology is also used in the industrial synthesis of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid;  the regiochemistry of the carboxylation in this case is sensitive to temperature.

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is primarily known as the basis for the preparation of its esters, known as parabens, which are used as preservatives in cosmetics and some ophthalmic solutions.  It is isomeric with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, known as salicylic acid, a precursor to aspirin, and with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid.