hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Southfield Township, Michigan
Southfield Township is a civil township in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It contains the villages of Beverly Hills, Bingham Farms, and Franklin; though two small areas, comprising 0.17 square miles (0.44 km2), remain unincorporated. As of the 2020 census, the township's population was 14,886, including the villages; the unincorporated areas' population was 31.

Organized in 1830, the township once occupied a much larger area, before the cities of Lathrup Village and Southfield incorporated into cities in the 1950s.

Lathrup Village, Michigan
The City of Lathrup Village (/ˈleɪθrəp/ LAY-thrəp) is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Lathrup Village lies roughly 17 miles (27.4 km) north of downtown Detroit, and is completely surrounded by the larger city of Southfield. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 4,088.
Phlegmacium myrtilliphilum
Phlegmacium myrtilliphilum is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Cortinariaceae, first described in 2014 as a member of the genus Cortinarius before being reclassified in 2022. It is characterized by its medium-sized fruit bodies with pale yellowish-brown to ochraceous caps, greyish-white gills that turn pale brown with age, and distinctively shaped spores with an elongated apex. This fungus grows in mesic spruce-dominated forests with bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) understory, from which its name derives. Currently known only from the middle boreal zone of Finland and Norway, it appears to be relatively rare and produces its fruiting bodies in autumn.

Cortinarius
Cortinarius is a globally distributed genus of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Its members are commonly known by the names cortinar and webcap. It is suspected to be the largest genus of agarics, containing over 2,700 widespread species.

Young specimens have a cortina (veil) between the cap and the stem, hence the name. Most of the fibres of the cortina are ephemeral and leave no more than limited remnants on the stem or cap edge. All species have a rusty brown spore print. Several species (such as C. orellanus) are highly toxic and many species are difficult to distinguish, making their consumption inadvisable.
Personal injury
Personal injury is a legal term for an injury to the body, mind, or emotions, as opposed to an injury to property. In common law jurisdictions the term is most commonly used to refer to a type of tort lawsuit in which the person bringing the suit (the plaintiff in American jurisdictions or claimant in English law) has suffered harm to their body or mind. Personal injury lawsuits are filed against the person or entity that caused the harm through negligence, gross negligence, reckless conduct, or intentional misconduct, and in some cases on the basis of strict liability. Different jurisdictions describe the damages (or, the things for which the injured person may be compensated) in different ways, but damages typically include the injured person's medical bills, pain and suffering, and diminished quality of life.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Clausura 2018 Copa MX final
The Clausura 2018 Copa MX final was the final of the Clausura 2018 Copa MX, the twelfth edition of the Copa MX under its current format and 79th overall organized by the Mexican Football Federation, the governing body of association football in Mexico.

The final was contested in a single leg format between Liga MX clubs Necaxa and Toluca. The match was hosted by Necaxa at Estadio Victoria in Aguascalientes City, Aguascalientes on 11 April 2018. The winners earned a spot to face Monterrey (Apertura 2017 winners) in the 2018 Supercopa MX.

Estadio Victoria
Estadio Victoria is sports stadium in the Mexican city of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes. The stadium opened in 2003 and has a capacity of 23,000 seats. Although the stadium is capable of multi-use, its main use is for football games. It is the home stadium of football Club Necaxa, which played in Mexico City at the Estadio Azteca before relocating to Aguascalientes and Estadio Victoria. The stadium is named after a leading brand of beer brewed by Grupo Modelo.
Pudingový koláč
In Slovak cuisine, pudingový koláč (so smotanou) (Slovak pronunciation: ['pudinkɔʋiː kɔlaːts 'zɔ smɔtanɔu], literally pudding cake (with cream), colloquially pudingáč) is a cake base of sponge cake, pudding and sweetened sour cream.

Sponge cake
Sponge cake is a light cake made with egg whites, flour and sugar, sometimes leavened with baking powder. Some sponge cakes do not contain egg yolks, such as angel food cake, but most do.

The sponge cake is thought to be one of the first non-yeasted cakes, and the earliest attested sponge cake recipe in English is found in a book by the poet Gervase Markham, The English Huswife (1615). The cake was more like a cracker: thin and crisp.

The modern sponge cakes arose when bakers started using beaten eggs as a leavening agent in the mid-19th century. The creation of baking powder by a British food manufacturer in 1843 allowed the addition of butter, permitting the creation of the Victoria sponge.  A sponge cake is different from a butter cake.
Fort Nongqayi
Fort Nongqayi, near Eshowe, KwaZulu-Natal, was built to house the "barefoot" Zulu police force known as the Nongqayi.

The intent of the force was to reinforce the British authority after the Anglo-Zulu War and to impose the authority of the resident commissioner, Sir Melmoth Osborn. The fort was built in 1883 about 2 kilometres from the town center on a high point that offers observation in all directions. This colonial police unit was based here until it was disbanded in 1904. The unit was recalled in 1906 to help the authorities suppress the Bambatha Rebellion. Once the insurrection was suppressed, the unit was finally dissolved.

The building has three granulated towers and a spacious courtyard. Weapon slits for rifles were built into the walls to repel possible attackers.

A village museum was established in 1961 to tell the story of the history of the fort and the surroundings. It pays particular attention to the military, cultural and missionary history of the region.

Eshowe
Eshowe is the oldest town of European settlement in Zululand,  historically also known as Eziqwaqweni, Ekowe or kwaMondi. Eshowe's name is said to be inspired by the sound of wind blowing through the more than 4 km2 of the indigenous Dlinza Forest, the most important and striking feature of the town. Although the name is most likely to be derived from the Zulu word for the Xysmalobium shrubs, showe or shongwe.

Today Eshowe is a market town, with a 100 km radius catchment area, two shopping centres, a main bus station serving the hinterland, a major hospital, and several schools.
National Register of Historic Places listings in West Warwick, Rhode Island
List of Registered Historic Places in West Warwick, Rhode Island, which has been transferred from and is an integral part of National Register of Historic Places listings in Kent County, Rhode Island

‹ The template below (NRHP date for lists) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›          This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 20, 2025.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Kent County, Rhode Island
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Kent County, Rhode Island.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Kent County, Rhode Island, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 81 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 22, 2025.
Pazin Decisions
The Pazin Decisions (Croatian: Pazinske odluke) or September Decisions were the decisions of the National Liberation Committee for Istria adopted in Pazin on September 13, 1943, and of the Assembly of Istrian People's Representatives on September 26, 1943, on the unification of Istria with Croatia.

Croatian Partisans
The Croatian Partisans, officially the National Liberation Movement in Croatia (Croatian: Narodnooslobodilački pokret u Hrvatskoj; NOP), were part of the anti-fascist National Liberational Movement in the Axis-occupied Yugoslavia which was "perhaps Europe's most effective anti-Nazi resistance movement". It was led by Yugoslav revolutionary communists during the World War II. NOP was under the leadership of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (KPJ) and supported by many others, with Croatian Peasant Party members contributing to it significantly. NOP units were able to temporarily or permanently liberate large parts of Croatia from occupying forces. Based on the NOP, the Federal Republic of Croatia was founded as a constituent of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia.
Karelian Group
The Karelian Group "Nord" (Karelian: Karjalan ryhmä), formerly known as the Karelian National Battalion (Ukrainian: Карельський національний батальйон, romanized: Karelskyi natsionalnyi batalion; Karelian: Karjalan Kansallini Pataljona) also known as Nord, is a formation of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, functioning as a component of the Russian Volunteer Corps. The group is a voluntary military unit that consists mainly of ethnic Karelians and other Baltic-Finnic peoples. Its primary objective is to achieve the independence of the Republic of Karelia from Russia.

Republic of Karelia
The Republic of Karelia, or simply Karelia or Karjala (Russian: Каре́лия, Ка́рьяла; Karelian: Karjala) is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country. The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District, and covers an area of 172,400 square kilometres (66,600 square miles), with a population of 533,121 residents. Its capital is Petrozavodsk.

The modern Karelian Republic was founded as an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR, by the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) on 27 June 1923 and by the Decree of the VTsIK and the Council of People's Commissars of 25 July 1923, from the Karelian Labour Commune. From 1940 to 1956, it was known as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the Soviet Union. In 1956, it was once again made an autonomous republic and remained part of Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Gustave Vaëz
Jean-Nicolas-Gustave Van Nieuwen-Huysen (known as Gustave Vaëz) (6 December 1812 – 12 March 1862)  was a Belgian playwright, librettist, translator of opera libretti., and opera director. He wrote many stage plays and opera libretti in collaboration with Alphonse Royer; including the libretti to Gaetano Donizetti's  La favorite (1843) and Giuseppe Verdi's Jérusalem (1847).  Vaëz and Royer also translated several Italian-language operas by other writers into French. Vaëz also collaborated on opera libretti with the writers Eugène Scribe and Victorien Sardou.

Alone,  Vaëz wrote the libretto to Donizetti's Rita, ou Le mari battu. He served as director of the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe from 1853 to 1856, and as deputy director of the Paris Opera from 1856 to 1860. He was awarded the Order of Leopold in 1846, and the Legion of Honour in 1856. He died in 1862.

Victorien Sardou
Victorien Sardou (/sɑːrˈduː/ sar-DOO, French: [viktɔʁjɛ̃ saʁdu]; 5 September 1831 – 8 November 1908) was a French dramatist. He is best remembered today for his development, along with Eugène Scribe, of the well-made play. He also wrote several plays that were made into popular 19th-century operas such as La Tosca (1887) on which Giacomo Puccini's opera Tosca (1900) is based, and Fédora (1882) and Madame Sans-Gêne (1893) that provided the subjects for the lyrical dramas Fedora (1898) and Madame Sans-Gêne (1915) by Umberto Giordano. His play Gismonda, from 1894, was also adapted into an opera of the same name by Henry Février, as was Patrie! by Émile Paladilhe.
Smokii Sumac
Smokii Sumac is a Ktunaxa and transmasculine poet whose first book of poetry, you are enough: love poems for the end of the world was published in 2018 by Kegedonce Press. The unpublished draft manuscript of the book, then titled "#haikuaday", won the inaugural Indigenous Voices Award for Unpublished English Poetry, while the book itself was awarded the 2019 Indigenous Voices Award for English Poetry.

Kegedonce Press
Kegedonce Press is an Indigenous publishing house in Neyaashiinigmiing Reserve No. 27 (Cape Croker), Ontario, Canada, owned by Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm. Started in 1993, it is one of only a handful of dedicated Indigenous publishers in Canada. Their motto is "w'daub awae", which means "speaking true" in Ojibwe. Kegedonce Press describes itself as committed to the publication of beautifully written and designed Indigenous literature, both nationally and internationally. They are the only Indigenous publisher that prioritizes poetry, as Kateri is a poet and recognizes that many new Indigenous authors begin their writing careers as poets.

Indigenous-owned and operated, this literary press publishes work by some of the most widely known contemporary Indigenous writers, including titles by Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm, Joanne Arnott, Warren Cariou, Cherie Dimaline, Al Hunter, Daniel Heath Justice, Basil H. Johnston, Aaron Paquette, and Richard Van Camp.
Vega de Palma
Vega de Palma is a rural settlement located on the Circuito Norte in Camajuaní, Cuba. The town is a part of the ward of San Antonio de las Vueltas and It is located five kilometers south of the town of San Antonio de las Vueltas.

Consejo popular
In Cuba, a consejo popular (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkonsexo populaɾ]; lit. 'popular council'  or 'people's council'; sometimes shortened to CP) is an electoral ward or political-administrative demarcation of the National Assembly of People's Power of Cuba.

They were created in 1988. 474 wards had been created as of 2023, with them changing frequently. They function as subdivisions, under municipalities.

Under the wards are districts. All wards have at least 5 districts, with urban areas having more and rural areas having less.

Most rural wards include 1 major town or village (usually with a population of 700-3,000 at least) with a few hamlets, while urban areas (usually municipal seat) are usually split into wards, named for the city with a I, II and sometimes III, and IV and so forth appended. Sometimes when only two wards are present in a city, they are split into "Norte" (or north) and "Sur" (or south).
Animal attacks in Australia
Wildlife attacks in Australia occur every year from several different native species, including snakes, spiders, freshwater and saltwater crocodiles, various sharks, cassowaries, dingoes, kangaroos, stingrays and stonefish and a variety of smaller marine creatures such as bluebottles, blue-ringed octopus, cone shells and jellyfish.

It is estimated that there are about 100,000 dog attacks in Australia each year.

Freshwater crocodile
The freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni), also known commonly as the Australian freshwater crocodile, Johnstone's crocodile, and the freshie, is a species of crocodile native to the northern regions of Australia. Unlike its much larger Australian relative, the saltwater crocodile, the freshwater crocodile is not known as a man-eater, although it bites in self-defence, and brief, nonfatal attacks have occurred, apparently the result of mistaken identity.
Ditellurium bromide
Ditellurium bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula Te2Br. It is one of the few stable lower bromides of tellurium.  Unlike sulfur and selenium, tellurium forms families of polymeric subhalides where the halide/chalcogen ratio is less than 2.

Tellurium tetrabromide
Tellurium tetrabromide (TeBr4) is an inorganic chemical compound. It has a similar tetrameric structure to TeCl4.  It can be made by reacting bromine and tellurium. In the vapour TeBr4 dissociates:

TeBr4 → TeBr2 + Br2

It is a conductor when molten, dissociating into the ions TeBr3+ and Br−. When dissolved in benzene and toluene, TeBr4 is present as the unionized tetramer Te4Br16. In solvents with donor properties such as acetonitrile, CH3CN ionic complexes are formed which make the solution conducting:

TeBr4 + 2CH3CN → (CH3CN)2TeBr3+ + Br−
Farz (TV series)
Farz (Urdu: فرض, lit. 'Duty') is a Pakistani television series first broadcast on PTV Home in 2017, directed by Kashif Nisar and Roamer Khan written by Amir Raza. The series stars Sonia Mishal as an honest young police officer in lead role, with Nauman Ejaz, Aamna Malick, Azra Aftab, Qavi Khan and Saleem Mairaj in supporting roles.

Nauman Ijaz
Nauman Ijaz (Punjabi and Urdu: نُعمان اعجاز; born 14 February 1965) is a Pakistani actor. Active since 1989, he has played many roles and has been a senior actor on state television PTV. As of 2014, he had acted in some 175 television series.

He is the recipient of several accolades, including 10 Lux Style Awards, 7 Hum Awards and a President's Pride of Performance award, which was presented to him in 2012 from the President of Pakistan, Asif Ali Zardari.

Occasionally, he has also served as a television host, while before becoming an actor he was a lawyer.
Dede Oetomo
Dede Oetomo (born 1953) is a campaigner for LGBT rights in Indonesia and an expert on gender issues in East Java. He pursued postgraduate studies at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Whilst there, he founded Lambda Indonesia, a gay support group and later set up GAYa Nusantara.

Oetomo is a member of the People's Democratic Party (known as PRD) and has stood in elections. As a student and teacher of linguistics, Dede Oetomo is the author of Beginning Indonesian Through Self-Instruction. He is currently national coordinator of Gaya Nusantara and is an active member of the  Asia-Pacific Council of AIDS Service Organisations. He is an Ashoka Fellow and was a recipient of the Felipa de Souza Award in 1998.

Ashoka (non-profit organization)
Ashoka (formerly known as Ashoka: Innovators for the Public) is an American-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes social entrepreneurship by connecting and supporting individual social entrepreneurs. Ashoka invests in over 4,000 social entrepreneurs in over 90 countries worldwide.

Ashoka offers social entrepreneurship opportunities to teens as well.
Rahul Singh (actor)
Rahul Singh is an Indian actor, playwright and screenwriter. He is known for his work in movies including Zubeidaa (2001), Khiladi 786 (2012), Kaante (2002), Stanley ka Dabba (2011), The Ghazi Attack (2017), Delhi Belly (2011) and serials like 24: India (2014). He has played a diverse range of characters and acted in Bollywood-Hindi as well as Punjabi and Telugu films.

Khiladi 786
Khiladi 786 is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language action comedy film directed by Ashish R Mohan. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty, Akshay Kumar, Raj Babbar, Asin (in her penultimate Hindi film appearance), Himesh Reshammiya, and Mukesh Rishi. It is the eighth installment in the Khiladi film series.
Yogesh Shukla
Yogesh Shukla is an Indian politician and a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly from the Bakshi Kaa Talab Assembly constituency of the Lucknow district. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Eighteenth Uttar Pradesh Assembly (Eighteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) is formed by the members elected in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. Elections for 403 seats of the state, were conducted in seven phases from 10 February 2022 to 7 March 2022 by the Election Commission of India. The votes were counted and results were declared on 10 March 2022.

Satish Mahana was elected as the speaker of the assembly.
Ibai Gómez
Ibai Gómez Pérez (born 11 November 1989) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played mainly as a left winger, currently a manager.

He achieved La Liga totals of 226 games and 28 goals over 11 seasons, with Athletic Bilbao (two spells) and Alavés. He won the 2021 Supercopa de España with the former.

Deportivo Alavés
Deportivo Alavés, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [depoɾˈtiβo alaˈβes]; Sporting Alavés), usually known as Alavés, is a Spanish football club based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Founded on 23 January 1921 as Sport Friends Club, the club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

It is recognized as the third-most successful team in the Basque Country following Athletic Club of Bilbao and Real Sociedad of San Sebastián. Its biggest success was in 2001 when, in the year of its debut in European competition, it reached the 2001 UEFA Cup Final, where it played against Liverpool. It was defeated 5–4 on a golden goal. In 2017, the club reached the final of the Copa del Rey, losing 3–1 to Barcelona.

The team's home kit is blue and white-striped shirt, blue shorts and white socks. It holds home matches at the 19,840-seater Mendizorrotza Stadium and uses other facilities located in Ibaia dedicated to training.
Alejandro Jenkins
Alejandro Jenkins (born 17 October 1979, in San José, Costa Rica) is a Costa Rican theoretical physicist.  He is currently a professor at the University of Costa Rica and a member of Costa Rica's National Academy of Sciences.  He has worked on applications of quantum field theory to particle physics and cosmology, as well as on self-oscillating dynamical systems and quantum thermodynamics.

Self-oscillation
Self-oscillation is the generation and maintenance of a periodic motion by a source of power that lacks any corresponding periodicity. The oscillator itself controls the phase with which the external power acts on it. Self-oscillators are therefore distinct from forced and parametric resonators, in which the power that sustains the motion must be modulated externally.

In linear systems, self-oscillation appears as an instability associated with a negative damping term, which causes small perturbations to grow exponentially in amplitude. This negative damping is due to a positive feedback between the oscillation and the modulation of the external source of power. The amplitude and waveform of steady self-oscillations are determined by the nonlinear characteristics of the system.

Self-oscillations are important in physics, engineering, biology, and economics.