hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Columbia station (SkyTrain)
Columbia is an underground station on the Expo Line of Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station is located on  Columbia Street in New Westminster, British Columbia, and is a major transfer point between the two branches of the Expo Line, which separate from the main line at the flying junction just east of the station, with one terminating at King George station in Surrey and the other at Production Way–University station in Burnaby.

Production Way–University station
Production Way–University is an elevated station on the Expo and Millennium Lines of Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station is located at the intersection of Lougheed Highway and Production Way in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Initially a Millennium Line station, a reorganization of SkyTrain service patterns in 2016 made Production Way–University a terminus for a branch of the Expo Line.
Maine State Route 109
State Route 109 (SR 109) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maine. It is a 26.24-mile (42.23 km) regional route connecting the southern coastal area to inland areas to the north and west. Its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 1 and State Route 9 in Wells and its northern terminus is at the New Hampshire border in Acton, where it connects to New Hampshire Route 109. The highway runs through York County; major towns and cities along the length of SR 109 include Wells and Sanford.

U.S. Route 1 in Maine
U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in the U.S. state of Maine is a major north–south section of the United States Numbered Highway System, serving the eastern part of the state. It parallels the Atlantic Ocean from New Hampshire north through Portland, Brunswick, and Belfast to Calais, and then the St. Croix River and the rest of the Canada–United States border via Houlton to Fort Kent. The portion along the ocean, known as the Coastal Route, provides a scenic alternate to Interstate 95 (I-95).
Spaceman (4 Non Blondes song)
"Spaceman" is a song by American alternative rock band 4 Non Blondes. It is the sixth track on their debut studio album, Bigger, Better, Faster, More! (1992), and was released as the album's third single in September 1993 by Interscope and Atlantic Records. The song was written by lead singer Linda Perry with guitarist Shaunna Hall and was produced by David Tickle. While the album's lead single, "What's Up?", became a worldwide hit, "Spaceman" reached the top 20 only in Austria, Iceland, Italy, and Switzerland while missing the US Billboard Hot 100. The music video for the song was directed by Scott Kalvert.

What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song)
"What's Up?" is a song by American rock group 4 Non Blondes, released in March 1993 by Interscope Records as the second single from their debut album, Bigger, Better, Faster, More! (1992). The song was written and produced by lead singer Linda Perry; the credited producer is David Tickle, however Perry claims only her version was released to the public.

"What's Up?" received generally positive reviews from critics; it reached number fourteen on the US Billboard Hot 100, topped the charts of 12 European countries, and entered the top 10 in five other countries. Its accompanying music video was nominated for Best Alternative Rock Video at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards.
USS Truxtun (APD-98)
USS Truxtun (APD-98) was a Crosley-class high-speed transport commissioned in the United States Navy from 1945 to 1946. In 1965, she was transferred to the Republic of China Navy and served as ROCS Fu Shan (PF-35) until 1996. Afterwards, she was scrapped.

Crosley-class high speed transport
Crosley-class high speed transports were high speed transport ships that served in the United States Navy during World War II. Some stayed in commission long enough to serve in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. All of them were converted from Rudderow-class destroyer escorts during construction except for USS Bray (APD-139), which was converted a year after her construction. After World War II ended, several of the ships were sold to Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, and Colombia.

Today, ARC Cordoba (DT-15), formerly USS Ruchamkin (APD-89) is the only surviving member of the class, preserved as a museum ship in Tocancipa, Colombia.
Efraim Karsh
Efraim Karsh (Hebrew: אפרים קארש; born 6 September 1953) is an Israeli and British historian who is the founding director and emeritus professor of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies at King's College London. Since 2013, he has served as professor of political studies at Bar-Ilan University (where he also directs the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies). He is also a principal research fellow and former director of the Middle East Forum, a Philadelphia-based think tank.  He is a vocal critic of the New Historians, a group of Israeli scholars who have questioned the traditional Israeli narrative of the Arab–Israeli conflict.

Middle East Forum
The Middle East Forum (MEF) is an American conservative 501(c)(3) think tank founded in 1990 by Daniel Pipes, who now serves as its chairman. Gregg Roman serves as director of the forum. MEF became an independent non-profit organization in 1994. It publishes a journal, the Middle East Quarterly.
Dudley McCarthy
Dudley McCarthy (24 July 1911 – 3 October 1987) was an Australian military historian, soldier and diplomat. He served in the Second World War as an intelligence officer and later authored of one of the volumes of the official history series Australia in the War of 1939–1945, dealing with the early stages of the New Guinea campaign, as well as a biography of Charles Bean. He joined the Department of External Affairs in 1963 and served terms as Ambassador to Mexico (1967–1972) and Ambassador to Spain (1972–1976).

Charles Bean
Charles Edwin Woodrow Bean (18 November 1879 – 30 August 1968), also commonly identified as C. E. W. Bean, was an Australian historian and one of Australia's official war correspondents. 
He was editor and principal author of the 12-volume Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, and a primary advocate for establishing the Australian War Memorial (AWM).

According to the Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War, no other Australian has been more influential in shaping the way the First World War is remembered in Australia.

When Bean died on 30 August 1968, aged 88, an obituary written by Guy Harriott, associate editor of The Sydney Morning Herald and a former war correspondent, described Bean as being "one of Australia's most distinguished men of letters".
Sewrin
Sewrin, real name Charles-Augustin Bassompierre, (9 October 1771 – 22 April 1853) was a French playwright and goguettier. In addition to his writing of comedies, opéras-comiques, vaudevilles and songs, he also was a librettist for François Adrien Boieldieu, Ferdinand Hérold and Luigi Cherubini.

François-Adrien Boieldieu
François-Adrien Boieldieu (pronounced [fʁɑ̃.swa a.dʁi.(j)ɛ̃ bɔ.jɛl.djø], also [bwa(.ɛ)l.djø]) (16 December 1775 – 8 October 1834) was a French composer, mainly of operas, often called "the French Mozart". Although his reputation is largely based upon his operas, Boieldieu composed other works and among them, his Harp Concerto in C (1800–1801) is a masterpiece of the harp repertory.
Dominik Blunschy
Dominik Blunschy (Swiss Standard German: [ˈdoːminɪk ˈblʊnʃi]; born 27 October 1987) is a Swiss software engineer and politician who currently is member-elect of the National Council (Switzerland) for The Centre after being elected during the 2023 Swiss federal election. He assumed office on 4 December 2023.

Blunschy previously served on the Cantonal Council of Schwyz from 2016 to 2023 and concurrently as the president of the council from 2022 to 2023. He is the grandson of Elisabeth Blunschy, the first female president, of the National Council (Switzerland).

Elisabeth Blunschy
Elisabeth Blunschy (née Steiner; 13 July 1922 – 1 May 2015) was a Swiss politician. She served as the first woman President of the National Council of Switzerland and was one of the first women elected to the National Council of Switzerland.
Albert Brewer
Albert Preston Brewer (October 26, 1928 – January 2, 2017) was an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician who served as the 47th governor of Alabama from 1968 to 1971. He previously served as the lieutenant governor of Alabama, the speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives, and as an Alabama state representative representing Morgan County from 1955 to 1967.

Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
The lieutenant governor of Alabama is the president of the Alabama Senate, elected to serve a four-year term. The office was created in 1868, abolished in 1875, and recreated in 1901. According to the current constitution, should the governor be out of the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor, and if the governor dies, resigns or is removed from office (via impeachment), the lieutenant governor ascends to the governorship. Earlier constitutions said the powers of the governor devolved upon the successor, rather than them necessarily becoming governor, but the official listing includes these as full governors. The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on the same ticket.
Thiolactone
Thiolactones are a class of heterocyclic compounds in organic chemistry.  They are analogs of the more common lactones in which an oxygen atom is replaced with a sulfur atom.  The sulfur atom is within the ring system and adjacent to a carbonyl group.

Lactone
Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. They are derived from the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids by esterification. They can be saturated or unsaturated.

Lactones are formed by lactonization, the intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Basel thaler
The Basel Thaler was a currency denomination worth 3 livres or 30 batzen used by the Swiss Canton of Basel until 1798. It was used by both the Canton and the Bishopric of Basel.

Basel's basic currency unit was the livre (later franc or frank), divided into 10 batzen or 40 kreuzer. It was worth 1⁄4th the French silver écu or 6.67 g fine silver.

The French écu was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Basel franken.

Prince-Bishopric of Basel
The Prince-Bishopric of Basel (German: Hochstift Basel, Fürstbistum Basel, Bistum Basel) was an ecclesiastical principality within the Holy Roman Empire, ruled from 1032 by prince-bishops with their seat at Basel, and from 1528 until 1792 at Porrentruy, and  thereafter at Schliengen. As an imperial estate, the prince-bishop had a seat and voting rights at the Imperial Diet. The final dissolution of the state occurred in 1803 as part of the German Mediatisation.

The Prince-Bishopric comprised territories now in the Swiss cantons of Basel-Landschaft, Jura, Solothurn and Bern, besides minor territories in nearby portions of southern Germany and eastern France. The city of Basel ceased to be part of the Prince-Bishopric after it joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1501.
Boston railway station
Boston railway station serves the town of Boston, in Lincolnshire, England. It is a stop on the Poacher Line, which connects Grantham with Skegness. The station is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway, which provides all services.

Skegness railway station
Skegness railway station serves the seaside resort of Skegness in Lincolnshire, England, at the eastern terminus of the Poacher Line. The station is now owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway, which operates all services that run to and from Nottingham.
Ohio State Route 193
Ohio State Route 193 (SR 193, OH 193) is a north–south state highway in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  Its southern terminus is at an interchange with I-680 in Youngstown, and its northern terminus is at OH 531 in North Kingsville.

Ohio State Route 531
State Route 531 (SR 531) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of Ohio.  The western terminus of State Route 531 is at the northern terminus of State Route 534 in Geneva-on-the-Lake, at a curve along Lake Road.  The route's eastern terminus is at the northern terminus of State Route 7, at a signalized intersection in Conneaut.

Following mostly along the Lake Erie shoreline, it is named Lake Road for most of its length.  Due to its proximity to the shoreline, sections west of Ashtabula have had to be re-routed as a result of lake erosion.  The route crosses the Ashtabula River in Ashtabula via a Strauss bascule bridge, the Ashtabula lift bridge.
Patentable subject matter
Patentable, statutory or patent-eligible subject matter is subject matter of an invention that is considered appropriate for patent protection in a given jurisdiction. The laws and practices of many countries stipulate that certain types of inventions should be denied patent protection. Together with criteria such as novelty, inventive step or nonobviousness, utility (or industrial applicability), which differ from country to country, the question of whether a particular subject matter is patentable is one of the substantive requirements for patentability.

The problem of patentable subject matter arises usually in cases of biological and software inventions, and much less frequently in other areas of technology.

Inventive step and non-obviousness
The inventive step and non-obviousness reflect a general patentability requirement present in most patent laws, according to which an invention should be sufficiently inventive—i.e., non-obvious—in order to be patented. In other words, "[the] nonobviousness principle asks whether the invention is an adequate distance beyond or above the state of the art".

The expression "inventive step" is used in European Patent Convention and in Patent Cooperation Treaty, while the expression "non-obviousness" is predominantly used in United States patent law. The expression "inventiveness" is sometimes used as well. Although the basic principle is roughly the same, the assessment of the inventive step and non-obviousness varies from one country to another. For instance, the practice of the European Patent Office (EPO) differs from the practice in the United Kingdom.
Proteinoid
Proteinoids, or thermal proteins, are protein-like, often cross-linked molecules formed abiotically from amino acids. Sidney W. Fox initially proposed that they may have been precursors to the first living cells (protocells). The term was also used in the 1960s to describe peptides that are shorter than twenty amino acids found in hydrolysed protein, but this term is no longer commonly used.

Protocell
A protocell (or protobiont) is a self-organized, endogenously ordered, spherical collection of lipids proposed as a rudimentary precursor to cells during the origin of life. A central question in evolution is how simple protocells first arose and how their progeny could diversify, thus enabling the accumulation of novel biological emergences over time (i.e. biological evolution). Although a functional protocell has not yet been achieved in a laboratory setting, the goal to understand the process appears well within reach.

A protocell is a pre-cell in abiogenesis, and was a contained system consisting of simple biologically relevant molecules like ribozymes, and encapsulated in a simple membrane structure – isolating the entity from the environment and other individuals – thought to consist of simple fatty acids, mineral structures, or rock-pore structures.
Death of Mario Gonzalez
On April 19, 2021, Mario Gonzalez, an unarmed 26-year-old Latino man, died while under police custody by the Alameda, California Police Department.
In their initial report of the incident, the department reported that Gonzalez died after a "scuffle" and "physical altercation" resulting in a "medical emergency."
The Gonzalez family's attorney called the police's descriptions of his death "misinformation."

In body cam footage released on April 27, Gonzalez could be seen being pinned to the ground for more than five minutes while officers stated, "Please stop resisting us."
At one point, Gonzalez told the officers, "Please don't do this to me," before eventually becoming unresponsive.
He was later pronounced dead at a hospital. His death was ruled a homicide.

Alameda, California
Alameda (/ˌæləˈmiːdə/ ⓘ AL-ə-MEE-də; Spanish: [alaˈmeða]; Spanish for "tree-lined path") is a city in Alameda County, California, United States, located in the East Bay region of the Bay Area. The city is built on an informal archipelago in San Francisco Bay, consisting of Alameda Island, Bay Farm Island and Coast Guard Island, along with other smaller islands. As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 78,280.
2023 FIBA Intercontinental Cup (September)
The 2023 FIBA Intercontinental Cup was the 33rd edition of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup. The tournament was hosted in the Singapore Indoor Stadium in Singapore. It was the first time Singapore hosted the tournament, as well as the first time the tournament is being held in Asia.

It was the second Intercontinental Cup in the same calendar year, as the tournament cycle was changed to September to better adapt to the club's schedules. It was also the first tournament under an expanded format with six teams, with two teams from Asia being added.

Franca won its first title after beating Telekom Baskets Bonn in the final. Franca's Lucas Dias scored a fadeaway jumper in the post to beat the buzzer which gave them the win; David Jackson was named MVP.

FIBA Intercontinental Cup MVP
The FIBA Intercontinental Cup Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is the award bestowed to the player that is deemed to be the most valuable player" of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup official world basketball club championship. The winner of the award is decided by FIBA and is given after the final of the competition, usually to a player on the winning team.

The first MVP award was given in 1977 to Walt Szczerbiak, and has been given to eleven other players since. No individual player has won the award more than once.
Cère
The Cère (French pronunciation: [sɛʁ]; Occitan: Sera) is a 120.4 km (75 mi) long river in south-western France, and a left tributary of the Dordogne. Its source is in the south-western Massif Central, near the Plomb du Cantal mountain. It flows generally west through the following départements and towns:

Cantal: Vic-sur-Cère, Arpajon-sur-Cère (near Aurillac)

Corrèze

Lot: Bretenoux

The Cère flows into the Dordogne near Bretenoux.

Dordogne (river)
The Dordogne (French pronunciation: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha) is a river in south-central and southwest France. It is 483.1 km (300.2 mi) long. The Dordogne and its watershed were designated Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO on 11 July 2012.
Dietrich in Rio
Dietrich in Rio is a live album by German singer and actress Marlene Dietrich, released by Columbia Records in March 1960. It is Dietrich's second "live" release, following At the Café de Paris (1954).

Set against the backdrop of the singer's concert series in Brazil between July and August 1959, the album features songs in four different languages: English, French, German, and Portuguese. Its sound ranges from ballads to traditional pop music, including a song used to accompany a can-can dance performance.

Although Billboard reported that the singer's record label had recorded one of her shows at the Copacabana Palace in Rio de Janeiro, the recordings used on the album were actually made in a studio, with applause added during post-production. The album was released on LP with catalog number WS 316, and was later reissued on compact disc (CD) by Sony Music Special Products.

At the Café de Paris
At the Café de Paris is a live album by singer and actress Marlene Dietrich, recorded during her 1954 residency at the famous London nightclub. The album captures performances in both English and German, with musical arrangements led by conductor George Smith and introduced by Noël Coward. The debut show at the venue generated significant media attention, and portions of the repertoire were later released on LP by Philips/Columbia.

The original vinyl release featured portraits of Dietrich on its cover along with excerpts from London press reviews. Different versions were commercially released, varying in tracks and formats. Years later, the album was reissued on compact disc (CD) with some modifications to the original tracklist. Contemporary critics noted both technical aspects of the recording and distinctive qualities of Dietrich's performance.
Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém
Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém, KGF (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐnuˈɛl]; Manuel José Francisco António Caetano Estêvão Bartolomeu; (3 August 1697 - 3 August 1766) was a Portuguese infante (prince), seventh child of Peter II, King of Portugal, and his wife Maria Sophia of Neuburg. He was the brother of King John V of Portugal. He was a candidate for the Polish throne.

Maria Sophia of Neuburg
Maria Sophia Elisabeth of Neuburg (6 August 1666 – 4 August 1699) was Queen of Portugal as the wife of King Peter II from 1687 until her death in 1699. A popular queen, she was noted for her extraordinary generosity and for being the mother of the famously extravagant John V of Portugal.
Reuben Cohen
H. Reuben Cohen, CC ONB QC (July 11, 1921 – October 24, 2014) was a Canadian businessman, lawyer, and the third Chancellor of Dalhousie University.

Born in Moncton, New Brunswick, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Dalhousie University in 1942 and a Bachelor of Law degree from the Dalhousie Law School in 1944. He started a law practice in Moncton in 1945 and was created a Queen's Counsel in 1968.

From 1990 to 1994, he was the third Chancellor of Dalhousie University.

He is the founder of the Canadian trust company, Central Guaranty Trust Corporation. He published his autobiography,  A time to tell: The public life of a private man (Key Porter Books, ISBN 1-55013-957-6), in 1998.

Reuben Cohen died on October 24, 2014, at the age of 93.

Order of New Brunswick
The Order of New Brunswick is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Established by the Order of New Brunswick Act, which was granted royal assent on 20 December 2000, it is the highest honour conferred by the New Brunswick Crown. The order is intended to honour current or former New Brunswick residents who have demonstrated a high level of individual excellence and achievement. The lieutenant governor is Chancellor of the order and is responsible for inducting new members.
2012–13 Euro Hockey Tour
The 2012–13 Euro Hockey Tour was the 17th season of Euro Hockey Tour. It started on 7 November 2012 and ended on 28 April 2013. A total of 24 games were played, with each team playing 12 games. The season consisted of the Karjala Tournament, the Channel One Cup, the Oddset Hockey Games, and the Kajotbet Hockey Games. Russia won the tournament.

Czech Hockey Games
The Czech Hockey Games, also sponsored as Betano Hockey Games, is an annual ice hockey event held in Czech Republic. It is part of the Euro Hockey Tour. It was previously sponsored as the Pragobanka Cup, Česká Pojišťovna Cup, KAJOTbet Hockey Games, and Carlson Hockey Games.
Gerald Wilson
Gerald Stanley Wilson (September 4, 1918 – September 8, 2014) was an American jazz trumpeter, big band bandleader, composer, arranger, and educator. Born in Mississippi, he was based in Los Angeles from the early 1940s. He arranged music for Duke Ellington, Sarah Vaughan, Ray Charles, Julie London, Dizzy Gillespie, Ella Fitzgerald, Benny Carter, Lionel Hampton, Billie Holiday, Dinah Washington, and Nancy Wilson.

Benny Carter
Bennett Lester Carter (August 8, 1907 – July 12, 2003) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader. With Johnny Hodges, he was a pioneer on the alto saxophone. From the beginning of his career in the 1920s, he worked as an arranger, including writing charts for Fletcher Henderson's big band that shaped the swing style. He had an unusually long career that lasted into the 1990s. During the 1980s and 1990s, he was nominated for eight Grammy Awards, which included receiving a Lifetime Achievement Award.