hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1951 South American Rugby Championship
The 1951 South American Rugby Championship was the first edition of the two tiered competition of the leading national rugby union teams in South America.

The tournament was arranged by the River Plate Rugby Union (currently "Argentine Rugby Union"). In February 1951 a match was organized in Buenos Aires, the first edition of Pan American Games, but it was not possible to arrange a tournament of rugby for those games, so a "Torneo Internacional" was arranged in September. Originally this competition was called Torneo Internacional ABCU, using the initials of the countries participating

After the 1958 edition, this tournament was recognized as the first edition of the competition.

Argentine Rugby Union
The Argentine Rugby Union (Spanish: Unión Argentina de Rugby, abbreviated "UAR") is the governing body for rugby union in Argentina. It is a member of World Rugby, with a seat on that body's Executive Council, and a founding member of Sudamérica Rugby.

The UAR organises all the national teams, including Senior (Pumas), U-20 (Pumitas), Argentina XV, Sevens and Women's squads and the franchise Jaguares that participated in SANZAAR's Super Rugby competition.
White Hills (Arizona)
The White Hills are a range of hills in northern Mohave County, Arizona.  These hills lie north of the Cerbat Mountains and extend south from the Colorado River at Lake Mead between the Detrital Valley to the west and  the Gold Basin and the upper Hualapai Valley to the east. The north region of the White Hills is located in Lake Mead National Recreation Area.

The White Hills occur in a north, central, and south region. The approximate mountain range center is slightly northeast of White Hills, Arizona, the Senator Mountain, 5,127 feet (1,563 m).

White Hills, Arizona
White Hills is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. It is 12.5 miles (20.1 km) northwest of Dolan Springs. As of the 2020 census, White Hills had a population of 345.
Citadel of Château-d'Oléron
The Citadel of Château-d'Oléron is a military fortress constructed between 1630 and 1704 to safeguard the southern part of the Île d'Oléron in the Charente-Maritime department of southwestern France. It stands as one of the principal historic monuments in the town of Le Château-d'Oléron.

Originally built to replace a dilapidated medieval castle, the citadel was commissioned by Cardinal Richelieu in 1630 and later modernized by the renowned military engineer Vauban. It became a critical component of the Atlantic coast's defense system and served as a key training and embarkation point for soldiers bound for New France. During the Reign of Terror and again in 1870, it functioned as a prison. Classified as a historic monument in 1929, the citadel was occupied by German forces in 1940 and damaged during an Allied bombing on 17 April 1945.

Oléron
The Isle of Oléron or Oléron Island (French: île d'Oléron, [il dɔleʁɔ̃]; Saintongese: ilâte d'Olerun; Latin: Uliaros insula, [uliˈaːros ˈinsula]) is an island off the Atlantic coast of France (due west of Rochefort), on the southern side of the Pertuis d'Antioche strait.

It is the second largest island of metropolitan France, after Corsica, with a length of 30 km (19 mi) and a width of 8 km (5 mi). It has an area of 174 km2 (67 sq. mi.) and more than 21,000 permanent inhabitants.
23 (film)
23, original German title: 23 – Nichts ist so wie es scheint ("Nothing is what it seems") is a 1998 German drama thriller film about young hacker Karl Koch, who died on 23 May 1989, a presumed suicide. It was directed by Hans-Christian Schmid, who also participated in screenwriting. The title derives from the protagonist's obsession with the number 23, a phenomenon often described as apophenia. Although the film was well received by critics and audiences, its accuracy has been vocally disputed by several witnesses to the real-life events on which it was based. Schmid subsequently co-authored a book that tells the story of the making of 23 and also details the differences between the movie and the actual main events.

23 enigma
The 23 enigma is a belief in the significance of the number 23. The concept of the 23 enigma has been popularized by various books, movies, and conspiracy theories, which suggest that the number 23 appears with unusual frequency in various contexts and may have a larger, hidden significance. Since the 90s, the free techno and raver counterculture has adopted it as a symbol.
Rex Mason
Henry Greathead Rex Mason CMG QC (3 June 1885 – 2 April 1975) was a New Zealand politician. He served as Attorney General, Minister of Justice, Minister of Education, and Minister of Native Affairs, and had a significant influence on the direction of the Labour Party. The longest-serving Member of Parliament in New Zealand history, Mason served in Parliament continuously from 1926 to 1966. He is also the only person to serve as a Member of the New Zealand Parliament for over 40 years.

Minister of Education (New Zealand)
The Minister of Education is a minister in the New Zealand Government with responsibility for the country's schools, and is in charge of the Ministry of Education.

The present Minister is Erica Stanford, a member of the National Party.
Professor Challenger
George Edward Challenger is a fictional character in a series of fantasy and science fiction stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Unlike Doyle's self-controlled, analytical character, Sherlock Holmes, Professor Challenger is an aggressive but virtuous figure.

Like Sherlock Holmes, Professor Challenger was based on a real person—in this case, two people: an explorer named Percy Fawcett, who was Doyle's friend; and a professor of physiology named William Rutherford, who had lectured at the University of Edinburgh while Conan Doyle studied medicine there.

Virtue
A virtue (Latin: virtus) is a trait of excellence, including traits that may be moral, social, or intellectual. The cultivation and refinement of virtue is held to be the "good of humanity" and thus is valued as an end purpose of life or a foundational principle of being. In human practical ethics, a virtue is a disposition to choose actions that succeed in showing high moral standards: doing what is said to be right and avoiding what is wrong in a given field of endeavour, even when doing so may be unnecessary from a utilitarian perspective. When someone takes pleasure in doing what is right, even when it is difficult or initially unpleasant, they can establish virtue as a habit. Such a person is said to be virtuous through having cultivated such a disposition. The opposite of virtue is vice.

Other examples of this notion include the concept of merit in Asian traditions as well as De (Chinese 德).
Côte d'amour
The Côte d'Amour (French pronunciation: [kot damuʁ], literally Coast of Love; Breton: Arvor ar garantez) is a name given to part of the north western Atlantic coast of the Pays de la Loire region in France. It runs from Le Traict de Pen Bé to the mouth of the Loire in Saint-Nazaire, both of which are in the Loire-Atlantique department.

The coastline includes the peninsula of Guérande (in French "Presqu'île de Guérande", including the following localities and seaside resorts from south to north: Saint-Nazaire, Pornichet, La Baule-Escoublac, Le Pouliguen, Le Croisic, Batz-sur-Mer, Guérande, La Turballe, Piriac-sur-Mer and Mesquer.

Le Pouliguen
Le Pouliguen (French pronunciation: [lə puliɡɛ̃]; Breton: Ar Poulgwenn) is a commune of western France, located in the Loire-Atlantique department, Pays de la Loire. Le Pouliguen is situated between La Baule-Escoublac and Batz-sur-Mer.
Traditional authority
Traditional authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a regime is largely tied to tradition or custom. Reasons for the given state of affairs include belief that tradition is inherently valuable and a more general appeal to tradition.

Ideal type
Ideal type (German: Idealtypus), also known as pure type, is a typological term most closely associated with the sociologist Max Weber (1864–1920). For Weber, the conduct of social science depends upon the construction of abstract, hypothetical concepts. The "ideal type" is therefore a subjective element in social theory and research, and one of the subjective elements distinguishing sociology from natural science.
Love Songs (Julio Iglesias album)
Love Songs is an English language compilation of mainly love songs by Julio Iglesias released in 2004. It contains his greatest English language hit - his duet with Willie Nelson on "To All The Girls I've Loved Before" which reached the top 5 of the Billboard Hot 100. It also features a duet with Dolly Parton on "When You Tell Me You Love Me" as well as a live version of "As Time Goes By" from Casablanca. Iglesias departs from the love song theme on the album with a version of Don McLean's "Vincent" ("Starry Starry Night").

When You Tell Me That You Love Me
"When You Tell Me That You Love Me" is a song by American singer Diana Ross, released on August 20, 1991, as the lead single from her nineteenth studio album, The Force Behind the Power (1991). The song was released on the Motown label in the United States and by EMI Records in the United Kingdom. It was written by Albert Hammond and John Bettis, and produced by Peter Asher. A sentimental ballad, it became the album's biggest hit, peaking at number 37 on the US Billboard R&B singles chart and number two on the UK Singles Chart. The UK release also included her 1985 hit "Chain Reaction". Ross considers it one of her signature songs and it was subsequently covered by various artists, such as a duet between Julio Iglesias and Dolly Parton in 1994, Westlife and Ross in 2005, and Sissel Kyrkjebø and José Carreras in 2007.
Circuit complexity
In theoretical computer science, circuit complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory in which Boolean functions are classified according to the size or depth of the Boolean circuits that compute them. A related notion is the circuit complexity of a recursive language that is decided by a uniform family of circuits  (see below).

Proving lower bounds on size of Boolean circuits computing explicit Boolean functions is a popular approach to separating complexity classes. For example, a prominent circuit class P/poly consists of Boolean functions computable by circuits of polynomial size. Proving that  would separate P and NP (see below).

Complexity classes defined in terms of Boolean circuits include AC0, AC, TC0, NC1, NC, and P/poly.

Recursive language
In mathematics, logic and computer science, a recursive (or decidable) language is a recursive subset of the Kleene closure of an alphabet. Equivalently, a formal language is recursive if there exists a Turing machine that decides the formal language. In theoretical computer science, such always-halting Turing machines are called total Turing machines or algorithms.

The concept of decidability may be extended to other models of computation. For example, one may speak of languages decidable on a non-deterministic Turing machine.  Therefore, whenever an ambiguity is possible, the synonym used for "recursive language" is Turing-decidable language, rather than simply decidable.

The class of all recursive languages is often called R, although this name is also used for the class RP.

This type of language was not defined in the Chomsky hierarchy. All recursive languages are also recursively enumerable. All regular, context-free and context-sensitive languages are recursive.
Uncle Urfi
Uncle Urfi is a Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV) serial drama which first aired in 1972.

It had such a powerful appeal for viewers of all age groups that it turned into an instant hit. The 26-episode (each with a run-time of 30 minutes) serial was telecast once a week by PTV.

It was written by Haseena Moin and directed by Mohsin Ali and Shirin Vaqar Azim. The lead role was played by Shakeel as Uncle Urfi — a Pakistani expatriate in Canada who returns to Pakistan — and the character of Beena, the heroine, was performed by Shahla Ahmad. The supporting character of Hasnat, played by Jamshed Ansari, with his penknife, soon was the talk of the town and echoes of which could be heard even today. All in all, good acting, powerful script and skilled direction helped accomplish one of the most celebrated productions of PTV.

Pakistan Television Corporation
Pakistan Television Corporation (Urdu: پاکستان ٹیلی وژن نیٹ ورک; reporting name: PTV), also known as Pakistan Television, is the Pakistani public broadcaster based in Islamabad, Pakistan, which comprises a number of TV channels.

The PTV is operated and managed directly under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of federal Government of Pakistan since its founding on 26 November 1964 when a pilot television station was established at Lahore, Punjab.
Darwinopterus
Darwinopterus (meaning "Darwin's wing") is a genus of pterosaur, discovered in China and named after biologist Charles Darwin. Between 30 and 40 fossil specimens have been identified, all collected from the Tiaojishan Formation, which dates to the middle Jurassic period, 160.89–160.25 Ma ago. The type species, D. modularis, was described in February 2010. D. modularis was the first known pterosaur to display features of both long-tailed ("rhamphorhynchoid") and short-tailed (pterodactyloid) pterosaurs, and was described as a transitional fossil between the two groups. Three additional species, D. camposi, D. linglongtaensis, and D. robustodens, were described from the same fossil beds in February 2025, December 2010, and June 2011, respectively.

2010 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2010.
Casey Means
Casey Means (born September 24, 1987) is an American wellness influencer, author, and former physician.

Means graduated from the Stanford University School of Medicine in 2014. She pursued an ENT surgical residency at Oregon Health and Science University but dropped out of the program in 2018.

Although Means was educated as a physician, she does not have an active medical license. She previously operated a functional medicine practice in Portland. She is considered a leader of the Make America Healthy Again (MAHA) movement along with her brother, Calley Means, who is also her co-author and business partner. On May 7, 2025, President Donald Trump nominated her as surgeon general, following his withdrawal of his earlier nominee, Janette Nesheiwat.

Stanford University School of Medicine
The Stanford University School of Medicine is the medical school of Stanford University and is located in Stanford, California, United States. It traces its roots to the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific, founded in San Francisco in 1858. This medical institution, then called Cooper Medical College, was acquired by Stanford in 1908. In 1959, the medical school moved to the Stanford campus near Palo Alto, California.

The School of Medicine, along with Stanford Health Care and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, is part of Stanford Medicine.
Bangabhaban
The Bangabhaban (Bengali: বঙ্গভবন, romanised: Bôngobhôbôn, lit. 'House of Bengal') is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of Bangladesh, located on Bangabhaban Road, and short road connecting Dilkusha Avenue, Dhaka. It is surrounded by the Bangabhaban Gardens (formerly Nawab's Dilkusha Gardens).

The palace was originally built as a government house of the British Empire. Following the independence of Pakistan, it became the official residence of the governor of East Bengal and, after 1955, the governor of East Pakistan. President Abu Sayeed Chowdhury became the first Bangladeshi president to reside there after taking oath on 12 January 1972. The President Guard Regiment unit is responsible for the palace's security.

Governor of East Pakistan
The Governor of East Pakistan, formerly known as the Governor of East Bengal, served as the appointed head of province of the provincial government and the representative of President of Pakistan in East Pakistan (previously East Bengal). The Governor functioned as the head of government during periods of Governor's Rule in East Pakistan, between 1954–1955 and 1958–1972, when the Provincial Assembly was dissolved. In periods when the Chief Minister held executive authority, the Governor primarily served as a ceremonial head of state.
Valentina Murrieta
Valentina Murrieta Ortiz (born 22 October 2008) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga MX Femenil club América.

During the 2025 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup celebrated in Morocco, Murrieta was part of the Mexican team that secured third place and received the FIFA Golden Glove award for best goalkeeper in the tournament.

FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup
The FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup is an annual (biennial until 2024) international women's association football tournament for female players under the age of 17. It is organized by Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) since 2008. The current champions are North Korea, who won a record-extending fourth title at the 2025 edition in Morocco.
Gerhard Köppen
Gerhard Köppen (17 May 1918 – 5 May 1942) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II. As a fighter ace, he was credited with 85 aerial victories claimed in 380 combat missions.

Born in Holzendorf, Köppen joined military service in 1936 and initially served with a bomber before he was trained as a fighter pilot. He was then posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in 1941. Köppen claimed his first aerial victories on 24 June 1941 during Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Following his 45th aerial victory, he was nominated for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross which he received on 18 December 1942. On 27 February 1942, Köppen was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves after 72 aerial victories and promoted to an officers rank. On 5 May 1942, he was posted missing in action after he made a forced landing in the Sea of Azov.

Kuhlen-Wendorf
Kuhlen-Wendorf is a municipality  in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, it is famed for the unique Bratwurst, which slightly differs than the rest of Germany, by the addition of veal.
Kazem Kazemi
Mohammad Kazem Kazemi (Persian: محمد کاظم کاظمی) (born January 10, 1968) is a notable contemporary Afghan poet, author, literary critic and a book editor by profession. 
Among others, he is currently a member of the editorial board of Dorre Dari (Pearl of Dari) (Persian: در دری) and Khatt-e-Sevom (Third Script) (Persian: خط سوم) Journals. Kazemi has authored many books on Persian literature and Afghan poetry. He has also written the book “Rozaneh” (Window) (Persian: روزنه) which has been published for the fourth time in Iran and is considered to be the most famous poetry textbook. 
He is currently living in Mashhad in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Poetry of Afghanistan
Poetry of the modern-day region called Afghanistan has ancient roots, which is mostly written in Dari and Pashto. Afghan poetry relates to the culture of Afghanistan and is an element of Afghan literature.
Christianity and Theosophy
Christianity and Theosophy, for more than a hundred years, have had a "complex and sometimes troubled" relationship. The Christian faith was the native religion of the great majority of Western Theosophists, but many came to Theosophy through a process of opposition to Christianity. According to professor Robert S. Ellwood, "the whole matter has been a divisive issue within Theosophy."

Robert S. Ellwood
Robert S. Ellwood (July 17, 1933 – June 5, 2025) was an American academic who focused on world religions.

Ellwood was educated at the University of Colorado, Berkeley Divinity School and was awarded a PhD in History of Religions from the University of Chicago in 1967. He was Professor of World Religions at the University of Southern California from 1967 until 1997 and was then named professor emeritus.
Edward Echyngham
Sir Edward Echyngham (ante 1483 – 8 July 1527), (also Etchingham, Itchyngham, etc.), of Barsham and Ipswich in Suffolk, was a commander on land and at sea, briefly Constable of Limerick Castle, and Collector of Customs at Ipswich. He is remembered as the author of a letter to Cardinal Wolsey describing the death of Lord Admiral Howard at Brest in 1513. From 1485 the presence of the Howard Dukes of Norfolk was felt directly along the Barsham reach of the River Waveney from their possession of Bungay Castle.

Edward Howard (admiral)
Sir Edward Howard (1476/1477 – 25 April 1513) was an English naval officer. He was the first of the Howards to win fame as an admiral, participating in his first naval battle while in his teens. He was in command during the Battle of Saint-Mathieu, which may have been the first sea battle fought by ships with cannons deployed through ports.  He was killed shortly afterwards, leading an assault on galleys in the French fleet near Brest.
Barlow Granger
Barlow Granger (May 31, 1816 – June 7, 1905) was a politician and the founder of the The Des Moines Register. Granger moved to Iowa with a friend after it became the newest state in the United States. After he came to Des Moines, he bought a plot of land known today as Terrance Hill. He was the mayor of Des Moines from 1855 – 1856, and the mayor of Sevastopol, which was a settlement in Des Moines, twice after.

Terrace Hill
Terrace Hill, also known as Hubbell Mansion, Benjamin F. Allen House or the Iowa Governor's Mansion, is the official residence of the Governor of Iowa in the capital city of Des Moines.

An example of Second Empire architecture, the Terrace Hill gubernatorial residence sits on a hill overlooking downtown Des Moines and features a prominent 90-foot (27 m) tower. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003.
2001 Super League Grand Final
The 2001 Super League Grand Final was the Fourth official Grand Final and the conclusive and championship-deciding match of Super League VI. The match was held on Saturday 13 October 2001 at Old Trafford, Manchester, and was contested by Bradford Bulls and Wigan Warriors. Refereed by Stuart Cummings, 60,164 saw Bradford Bulls win 37 - 6.

2001 Super League season
Tetley's Super League VI was the official name for the year 2001's Super League championship season, the 107th season of top-level professional rugby league football in Britain, and the sixth championship run by the Super League. The season began on the first weekend in March and culminated after twenty-eight rounds in a six-game playoff series, involving the top 5 teams.
Linn Gottfridsson
Linn Gottfridsson (born 1974) is a Swedish screenwriter and author of children's literature. She studied at the Dramatiska Institutet, and was awarded the Ingmar Bergman Award in 2001 alongside her classmates. She wrote the scripts for the films Glowing Stars (2009), Comedy Queen (2022), and An Honest Life (2025). With Anders Weidemann and Antonia Pyk, she adapted Fredrik Backman's novel of the same name into the HBO series Beartown (2020). In addition to her screenwriting credits, she also authored a trio of children's books illustrated by Emma Adbåge.

Emma Adbåge
Emma Adbåge (born 1982) is a Swedish illustrator and children's writer. In addition to illustrating her own books, she contributes to works by other authors while also taking on commissions from educational publishers. In 2013, she was awarded the Elsa Beskow Plaque for her illustrated Lenis Olle and other works for children.