hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Permanent Member of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee's Secretariat
The Permanent Member of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee's Secretariat (Vietnamese: Thường trực Ban Bí thư Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), informally the Permanent Member of the Secretariat, is a senior position within the Communist Party of Vietnam.

The Permanent Member is appointed by the Politburo, and is responsible for the management of directives and day-to-day work of the Secretariat. A member of both the Politburo and the Secretariat, the officeholder is often considered the fifth most powerful figure in Vietnam's political system — immediately behind the General Secretary of the Central Committee, the President, the Prime Minister and the Chair of the National Assembly.

The current officeholder is Trần Cẩm Tú, who was appointed by a decision of the 13th Politburo on 25 October 2024 to replace Lương Cường, who was appointed as President of Vietnam, succeeding General Secretary Tô Lâm.

Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam
The Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Ban Bí thư Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam), replaced by the Politburo Standing of the Central Committee in the period 1996 to 2001, is the highest implementation body of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) between Central Committee meetings. According to Party rules, the Secretariat implements the decisions of the Politburo and the Central Committee.

The members of the Politburo are elected (and given a ranking) by the Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of a National Party Congress. The current Secretariat, the 13th, was elected by the Central Committee in the aftermath of the 13th National Congress and consists of 12 members. The first-ranked member is Tô Lâm, the General Secretary of the Central Committee.
1982 VFA season
The 1982 Victorian Football Association season was the 101st season of the top division of the Australian rules football competition, and the 22nd season of second division competition. It was the first season of a restructured two-division competition, in which automatic promotion and relegation between the divisions was abandoned.

The Division 1 premiership was won by the Port Melbourne Football Club, after it defeated Preston in the Grand Final on 19 September by seven points; it was Port Melbourne's 15th Division 1 premiership, the third of three premierships won in a row between 1980 and 1982, and the last of six premierships won in nine seasons from 1974 until 1982. The Division 2 premiership was won by Northcote; it was the club's second Division 2 premiership, and it was the last premiership ever won by the club.

Caulfield Football Club
The Caulfield Football Club, nicknamed Bears, was an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Caulfield South.

It competed in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) from 1965 until 1987, when the club folded due to financial difficulties.
2023–24 San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball team
The 2023–24 San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball team represented San Diego State University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Aztecs were led by seventh-year head coach Brian Dutcher and played their home games at Viejas Arena as members in the Mountain West Conference. The San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball team drew an average home attendance of 12,370 in 15 games in 2023–24.

2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 6, 2023. The regular season ended on March 17, 2024, with the 2024 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament beginning with the First Four on March 19 and ending with the championship game at State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, on April 8.
1952 Rose Bowl
The 1952 Rose Bowl was the 38th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. Held on Tuesday, January 1, at the end of the 1951 college football season, it was the first nationally televised college football game.

The fourth-ranked Illinois Fighting Illini of the Big Ten Conference defeated the #7 Stanford Indians of the Pacific Coast Conference, 40–7.

Since the two conferences agreed to match up in Pasadena, starting with the 1947 Rose Bowl, the Big Ten had won all six games.

1947 Rose Bowl
The 1947 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game, the 33rd edition of the Rose Bowl Game. The Illinois Fighting Illini defeated the UCLA Bruins, 45–14. Illinois halfbacks Buddy Young and Jules Rykovich shared the Player of the Game award, named when the award was created in 1953 and selections were made retroactively.

This was the first Rose Bowl game that featured teams from the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) and the Big Nine Conference (now the Big Ten). It is known as the first "modern" Rose Bowl, and modern Rose Bowl records date to this game. The conference tie-ins were defined by the terms of an exclusive five-year agreement. The agreement was renegotiated with the newly formed Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU; later known as the Pacific-8, Pacific-10, and Pac-12) following the disbandment of the PCC in mid-1959. The agreement remained in place until the 1999 Rose Bowl, when the Rose Bowl became part of the Bowl Championship Series.
Diaspidina
Diaspidina is a subtribe of armored scale insects. It occurs mostly in the Americas and Africa, with a few species in tropical Asia.  In the Americas Pseudoparlatoria is the largest genus, with Diaspis second; in Africa Diaspis is the largest genus. The grouping identified by Balachowsky in 1954 as the subtribe Diaspidina, are now the tribe Diaspidini.

Anderson found the Diaspidina grouping to constitute a clade with core genera: Carulaspis, Diaspis and Epidiaspis. and one of three sister-clades in the Diaspidini, the other two being the Chionaspidina and the Fioriniina.

Chionaspidina
Chionaspidina is a subtribe of armored scale insects established by Borchenius. But unlike many of the subtribes recognized by Borchenius, this one was found to be morphologically valid by Takagi. Similarly, in molecular analysis, Andersen et al. found a clade roughly corresponding to the subtribe Chionaspidina.

Geographical sampling and analysis indicated a number of unnamed species in the genus Chionaspis and by inference in the Chionaspidina.
Aluminium gallium antimonide
Aluminium gallium antimonide, also known as gallium aluminium antimonide or AlGaSb (AlxGa1-xSb), is a ternary III-V semiconductor compound. It can be considered as an alloy between aluminium antimonide and gallium antimonide. The alloy can contain any ratio between aluminium and gallium. AlGaSb refers generally to any composition of the alloy.

Gallium antimonide
Gallium antimonide (GaSb) is a semiconducting compound of gallium and antimony of the III-V family. It has a room temperature lattice constant of about 0.610 nm. It has a room temperature direct bandgap of approximately 0.73 eV.
Cheruman
Cheruman are a Dalit community in Indian state of Kerala, primarily concentrated in Central and Northern region of the state. They have been defined as agricultural serfs and were considered as untouchable caste. They are related to the Pulaya caste of Kerala and are recognized as  separate community by Government of India.

Pulaya
Pulaya (also called Cheraman, Cheruman, mas. Pulayan; fem. Pulayi, Pulachi; pl. Pulayar/Pulayas, Cherumar/Cheramar/Cherumas, IPA: [pulɐjɐ, tʃerumɐ]) is a caste group mostly found in modern-day Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka and historically in Tamil Nadu. They are classified as a Scheduled Caste under India's reservation system in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Gladstone, Queensland
Gladstone (/ˈɡlædstən/ GLAD-stən) is a coastal city in the Gladstone Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the Gladstone urban area had a population of 45,185 people.

It is 517 km (321 mi) by road north-west of the state capital, Brisbane, and 108 km (67 mi) south-east of Rockhampton. Situated between the Calliope and Boyne Rivers, Gladstone is home to Queensland's largest multi-commodity shipping port, the Port of Gladstone.

Gladstone is the largest town within the Gladstone Region and the headquarters of Gladstone Regional Council is located in Gladstone.

Gladstone Region
Gladstone Region is a local government area in Queensland, Australia.  The council covers an area of 10,484 square kilometres (4,048 sq mi), and has an estimated operating budget of A$84 million.

In the 2021 census, the Gladstone Region had a population of 63,515 people.
Alabama State Route 25
State Route 25 (SR 25) is a 257.352-mile-long (414.168 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Alabama. From U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Leeds northeast to its terminus at the Georgia state line, SR 25 is the unsigned partner route of US 411. The southwestern terminus of SR 25 is at its intersection with SR 5 near Pine Hill in Wilcox County.

Alabama State Route 5
State Route 5 (SR 5) is a 198-mile-long (319 km) south–north state highway in the western part of the U.S. state of Alabama. Prior to the renumbering of the highways of Alabama in 1957, it extended from Mobile north to the Tennessee state line and was one of the major routes between Mobile and Birmingham. It has since been shortened to about half of its former length, having been superseded by newer highways such as Interstate 65 (I-65).
1990 Cordillera autonomy plebiscite
A plebiscite for the ratification of the organic act creating the Cordillera Autonomous Region was held on January 30, 1990, to ask if the voters in the Cordillera Administrative Region wanted to be an autonomous region under Republic Act No. 6766. The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) consists of the provinces of Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao, and Mountain Province, and the city of Baguio. Only Ifugao voted in favor of autonomy, and a Supreme Court case later disallowed the creation of an autonomous region with just one province.

This was the first attempt by the Cordillera autonomy movement to create an autonomous region after years of conflict by the Cordillera People's Liberation Army. A second plebiscite in 1998 resulted in Apayao (by then separated from Kalinga) voting for autonomy, and an establishment of an autonomous region still failed.

1998 Cordillera autonomy plebiscite
The 1998 Cordillera Autonomy plebiscite was held on March 7, 1998. In the plebiscite, the people of Cordillera were asked if they wanted to be autonomous region under Republic Act No. 8438. The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) consists of the provinces of Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province and Apayao.
Saugeen and Cape Croker Fishing Islands 1
Saugeen and Cape Croker Fishing Islands 1 is a First Nations reserve consisting of 89 islands in Lake Huron off the western coast of the Bruce Peninsula in Ontario. They extend north of Chief's Point 28 for 11 miles (18 km) up to Pike Bay.: 140  These islands are shared between the Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation and Saugeen First Nation.

Chief's Point 28
Chief's Point 28 (Ojibwe: Giigonke Piinsaugen) is an Aboriginal reserve located between Sauble Beach and Wiarton, Ontario on Lake Huron. It is one of the reserves of the Saugeen First Nation.

Like Saugeen 29 this band owns land rented to cottagers who pay an annual lease fee for the use of the land. The current (mid 2019) lease contract between the cottagers and the two Reserves is in effect until 30 April 2021.
1920 Rose Bowl
The 1920 Rose Bowl, known at the time as the Tournament East-West Football Game, was a college football bowl game in Pasadena, California, played on January 1, 1920. In the sixth Rose Bowl, the once-tied Harvard Crimson met the once-defeated Oregon Webfoots at Tournament Park; Harvard won 7–6, with all of the scoring in the second quarter.

Crimson halfback Edward Casey was named the Rose Bowl Player of the Game when the award was created in 1953 and selections were made retroactively.  It was the first Rose Bowl game following World War I in which college football returned to the Tournament of Roses. The two previous Tournament games had featured teams from the United States armed forces.

1919 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1919 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University as an independent during the 1919 college football season. In their first season under head coach Bob Fisher, the Crimson compiled a 9–0–1 record, shut out seven of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 229 to 19. The team was invited to play in the 1920 Rose Bowl and defeated Oregon, 7–6.
2023 WCHA women's ice hockey tournament
The 2023 WCHA Ice Hockey Tournament was the 24th edition of the WCHA Tournament. It was played between February 24 and March 4, 2023. It was hosted by the University of Minnesota at Ridder Arena. Minnesota won the championship game over Ohio State, 3–1, making it their eighth title. As the tournament winner, Minnesota received the conference's automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey tournament.

2023 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey tournament
The 2023 NCAA National Collegiate women's ice hockey tournament was a single-elimination tournament by eleven schools to determine the national champion of women's NCAA Division I college ice hockey. This is the second year the tournament features an expanded field of 11 teams. The first round and quarterfinals were played on the campuses of seeded teams on March 9 and 11, 2023, while the Frozen Four was played on March 17 and 19, 2023 at AMSOIL Arena in Duluth, Minnesota. The Wisconsin Badgers defeated the Ohio State Buckeyes 1–0 to win their 7th national championship.
Tennessee State Route 159
State Route 159 (SR 159) is a west to east highway in the U.S. state of Tennessee that is 12 miles (20 km) long. It begins in Carter County at State Route 67 and ends in Johnson County at the North Carolina state line. State Route 159 is little-known by the general public by this designation as it is overlain by U.S. Route 321; the "159" designation is seen on mileposts.

U.S. Route 321
U.S. Route 321 (US 321) is a spur of U.S. Route 21.  It runs for 516.9 miles (831.9 km) from Hardeeville, South Carolina to Lenoir City, Tennessee; with both serving as southern termini. It reaches its northernmost point at Elizabethton, Tennessee, just northeast of Johnson City. Because of its unusual "north–south–north" routing, U.S. Route 321 intersects both Interstate 40 and U.S. Route 70 three separate times. The highway serves different roles in each state:  An alternate route to interstates in South Carolina, a major highway in North Carolina, and a scenic route in Tennessee.
2009 NRL season
The 2009 NRL season was the 102nd season of professional rugby league football club competition in Australia, and the twelfth run by the National Rugby League. For the third consecutive year, sixteen teams competed for the 2009 Telstra Premiership title. The season commenced with the first match played on 13 March and ended with the grand final, played on 4 October. The Grand Final was won by the Melbourne Storm in their fourth consecutive grand final appearance. However, they were stripped of their Premiership on 22 April 2010 after they were found to be guilty of breaching the league's salary cap.

The second season of the National Youth Competition also commenced in line with the Telstra Premiership.

Gold Coast Titans
The Gold Coast Titans are a professional rugby league football club, based on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The club competes in the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership, Australia's elite rugby league competition. Since 2008, the Titans have played their home games at Robina Stadium in Robina. The Titans joined the NRL in 2007.

The Gold Coast Titans were the first national-level franchise from the Gold Coast region since the previous franchise, the Gold Coast-Tweed Giants / Gold Coast Seagulls / Gold Coast Chargers, which existed from 1988 to 1998.
Monzingen
Monzingen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Nahe-Glan, whose seat is in the like-named town. Monzingen is a more than 1,200-year-old winegrowing village and a state-recognized recreational resort (Erholungsort).

Bad Sobernheim
Bad Sobernheim (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈzoːbɐnˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, and is also its seat. It is a state-recognized spa town, and is well known for two fossil discovery sites and for the naturopath Emanuel Felke. Bad Sobernheim is also a winegrowing town.
Orenburg Nature Reserve
Orenburg Nature Reserve (Russian: Оренбургский заповедник) (also Orenburgsky) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) dedicated to the preservation and restoration of four separate types of steppe landscape: Transvolga, Ural Mountains, Southern Urals and Trans-Urals.   The reserve does this by spreading out across four sections across 400 km of steppes in Orenburg Oblast below the southern terminus of the Ural Mountains.   The city of Orenburg sits in the middle of the four sectors, approximately 1,200 km southeast of Moscow.  The reserve also protects historical and archaeological sites of the Sarmation people from the seventh to third century BCE.  The reserve was formally established in 1988, and covers a total area of 21,653 ha (83.60 sq mi).

Zapovednik
A zapovednik is an established term on the territory of the former Soviet Union for a protected area which is kept "forever wild". It is the highest degree of environmental protection for the assigned areas, which are strictly protected. Access to the public is restricted.
Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy
The Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell controversy concerns the question of whether Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone independently. This issue is narrower than the question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there are several claimants.

At issue are roles of each inventor's lawyers, the filing of patent documents, and allegations of theft.

Invention of the telephone
The invention of the telephone was the culmination of work done by many different people, and led to an array of lawsuits relating to the conflicting patent claims made by several individuals and numerous companies. Notable people included in this process were Antonio Meucci, Philipp Reis, Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell.
Calvert Street Station
Calvert Street Station served railroad passengers of the Northern Central Railway in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1850 until 1948. It served as the terminus for the second railway chartered in Maryland, which eventually was expanded into a network containing nearly 400 miles (640 km) of track. The Northern Central, always in financial trouble, was leased by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) after 1861. With the opening of nearby Pennsylvania Station, the terminal became redundant. Rail traffic ceased around 1948 and the station was razed in 1949 to make way for the a new building for The Baltimore Sun.

Baltimore Penn Station
Baltimore Penn Station—formally, Baltimore Pennsylvania Station—is the main inter-city passenger rail hub in Baltimore, Maryland. Designed by New York City architect Kenneth MacKenzie Murchison (1872–1938), it was constructed in 1911 in the Beaux-Arts style of architecture for the Pennsylvania Railroad. It is located at 1515 N. Charles Street, about a mile and a half north of downtown and the Inner Harbor, between the Mount Vernon neighborhood to the south, and Station North to the north. Originally called Union Station because it served the Pennsylvania Railroad and Western Maryland Railway, it was renamed to match the PRR's other main stations in 1928.

The building sits on a raised "island" of sorts between two open trenches, one for the Jones Falls Expressway and the other for the tracks of the Northeast Corridor (NEC). The NEC approaches from the south through the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel and the east through the Union Tunnel.
NGC 1892
NGC 1892 is a spiral galaxy located approximately 51 million light-years away the constellation Dorado. It was discovered November 30, 1834 by John Herschel. NGC 1892 is a member of the NGC 1947 Group which is part of the Southern Supercluster.

NGC 1892, despite being a spiral galaxy, has a central bulge which is morphologically more similar to dwarf irregular galaxies. The galaxy's central bulge which is highly irregular, is obscured by a dust lane. NGC 1892 is also host to a nuclear star cluster with an estimated mass of 7.381 million M☉,  and a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass 4.7 million M☉.

A probable supernova of type IIP was photographed by the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS) in 2004, but it was not noticed until Brazilian amateur astronomer Jorge Stockler de Moraes compared the CGS image to one he took in January 2017.

NGC 1947
NGC 1947 is a peculiar lenticular galaxy in the constellation Dorado. The galaxy lies about 50 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 1947 is approximately 75,000 light years across. It was discovered by James Dunlop on November 5, 1826.
Royal Glamorgan Light Infantry
The Glamorganshire Militia, later the Royal Glamorgan Light Infantry, was an auxiliary regiment reorganised in the county of Glamorganshire in South Wales during the 18th Century from earlier precursor units. Primarily intended for home defence, it served in Britain and Ireland through all Britain's major wars and supported the civil powers in peacetime. It became a battalion of the Welsh Regiment in 1881, and saw active service in the Second Boer War. Transferring to the Special Reserve in 1908 it trained thousands of reinforcements for that regiment during World War I. After a shadowy postwar existence, the militia was disbanded in 1953.

Welch Regiment
The Welch Regiment (or "The Welch", an archaic spelling of "Welsh") was an infantry regiment of the line of the British Army in existence from 1881 until 1969. The regiment was created in 1881 under the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot and 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Welsh Regiment, by which it was known until 1920 when it was renamed the Welch Regiment. In 1969 the regiment was amalgamated with the South Wales Borderers to form the Royal Regiment of Wales.
2011–12 Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women's ice hockey season
The Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women's hockey team represented the University of Minnesota Duluth in the 2011–12 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season. The Bulldogs attempted to win their sixth NCAA women's Frozen Four championship. The school hosted two postseason events: the 2012 NCAA Frozen Four Championship,  and the 2011 WCHA's Final Face-Off, both at AMSOIL Arena. Of note, head coach Miller was chair of the Ethics Committee for US women's college hockey. In addition, she was a member of the NCAA Division 1 Championships Committee, one of only two coaches in the entire country to serve on both committees.

Haley Irwin
Haley Lyn Irwin (born June 6, 1988) is a Canadian ice hockey player. She was a member of the 2009–10 Hockey Canada national women's team and played for the Calgary Inferno and Montreal Stars of the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) and played for the University of Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs in the NCAA. She served as Canada's captain in a gold-medal winning effort at the 2014 4 Nations Cup in Kamloops, British Columbia.