hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prisoner law
In the United States of America, prisoner law refers to litigation that determines the freedoms that a prisoner either holds or loses when they are incarcerated. This includes the end of the hands-off doctrine and the ability to be protected by the first, fourth, eighth, and fourteenth amendments. Furthermore, prisoner laws regulate the ways in which individuals experience privacy in a prison setting. Important case laws have arisen through time that have either hindered or protected prisoners from certain rights. Some include the Hudson v. Palmer case which held that prisoners were not protected against searches and seizures of their prison cells and Wolff v. McDonnell that stated that prisoners shall remain entitled to some of their constitutional rights even after being incarcerated.

Wolff v. McDonnell
Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that prisoners retained some due process rights when incarcerated. In particular, the Court ruled that due process required that prison disciplinary decisions to revoke good-time credits must be accompanied by notification of the inmate, administrative hearings, the chance to call witnesses and present evidence, and a written statement detailing the nature of the offense committed and the evidence for said offense.
Mickey Finn (fly)
The Mickey Finn is a historic and effective bucktail streamer used by fly anglers for trout, warm-water and saltwater species.  The fly is somewhat generic and imitates a wide variety of baitfish.  Although most likely originated in the late 19th century by Eastern Canadian anglers, the Mickey Finn pattern once known as the Red and yellow bucktail was popularized by angler and author John Alden Knight in 1937.

In  The History of Fly Fishing in Fifty Flies  (2015), Ian Whitelaw writes:

In 1937 Knight wrote and article about the fly in  Hunting and Fishing  that fired the popular imagination.  Its publication coincided with the Sportsmen’s Show in New York, and it was estimated that as many as a half a million Mickey Finns were tied and sold during the show.  The manufacturers, the Weber Lifelike Fly Company of Wisconsin, who had advertised the fly in the same magazine, were overwhelmed by orders for Mickey Finns from across the country.

Artificial fly
An artificial fly or fly lure is a type of fishing lure, usually used in the sport of fly fishing (although they may also be used in other forms of angling). In general, artificial flies are an imitation of aquatic insects that are natural food of the target fish species the fly fishers try to catch. Artificial flies are constructed by fly tying, in which furs, feathers, thread or any of very many other materials are tied onto a fish hook.

Artificial flies may be constructed to represent all manner of potential preys to freshwater and saltwater fish, including aquatic and terrestrial insects, crustaceans, worms, spawn, small baitfish, reptiles, amphibians, mammals and even birds. Effective artificial fly patterns are said to be killing flies because of their ability to put fish in the creel for the fly fisher. There are thousands of artificial fly patterns, many of them with descriptive and often idiosyncratic names.
Television in Singapore
Television broadcasting in Singapore began on 15 February 1963. Public broadcaster Mediacorp, owned by the Singaporean government investment company Temasek Holdings, currently holds a monopoly on terrestrial television channels in the country. In addition, Pay-TV services are available from private operators such as StarHub TV and Singtel TV. Historically, the private ownership of satellite dishes was prohibited.

StarHub TV
StarHub TV  is a pay television service provided by StarHub in Singapore. It has been a subsidiary of StarHub Limited since StarHub acquired Singapore Cable Vision (SCV) in 2001, and was the sole pay-TV operator in the country until 2007 when mio TV (now Singtel TV), an IPTV service from its competitor, Singtel, was launched.

The company offers IPTV services via the optical fibre network. It also provides this service via a wireless network, the Digital Terrestrial Television system.
2024 Kazakhstan Super Cup
The 2024 Kazakhstan Super Cup was the 17th Kazakhstan Super Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League, Ordabasy, and the winners of the previous season's Kazakhstan Cup, Tobol. The match was played on 25 February 2024, at the Mardan Sports Complex in Aksu, Turkey, with Tobol winning their third title, defeating Ordabasy 5–4 in a penalty shootout after the match initially finished 1-1.

2023 Kazakhstan Premier League
The 2023 Kazakhstan Premier League was the 32nd season of the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest football league competition in Kazakhstan.

The winners (Ordabasy) qualified for the first qualifying round of the Champions League. The 2023 Kazakhstan Cup winners (Tobol) qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2024–25 UEFA Europa League. The runners-up (Astana) qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2024–25 UEFA Conference League, with the third-placed team (Aktobe) qualifying for the first qualifying round. The bottom three teams (Aksu, Caspiy, and Okzhetpes) and Maktaaral (relegated due to failing licensing process for the 2024 season) were relegated to the 2024 Kazakhstan First Division.
Ludovico Barbo
Ludovico Barbo, O.S.B. (1381–1443), also referred to as Luigi Barbo, was a significant figure in the movement to reform monastic life in northern Italy during the 15th century. Originally a canon of the community which became the Canons Regular of San Giorgio in Alga, he died a Benedictine abbot and Bishop of Treviso (1437–1443).

Order of Saint Augustine
The Order of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Sancti Augustini), abbreviated OSA, is a mendicant religious order  of the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1244 by bringing together several eremitical groups in the Tuscany region who were following the Rule of Saint Augustine, written by Augustine of Hippo in the fifth century.

They are also commonly known as the Augustinians, Austin friars, or Friars Hermits and, until 1968, as the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo eremitarum sancti Augustini; abbreviated OESA).

The order has, in particular, spread internationally the veneration of the Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Good Counsel (Mater boni consilii).

In the 2025 papal conclave, Leo XIV was elected as the first pope from the Order of Saint Augustine.
The Positions
The Positions is the debut studio album by Australian alternative rock band Gang of Youths, released on 17 April 2015 through Mosy Recordings. Written by frontman David Le'aupepe over three years, his lyrics reflect personal struggles including the breakdown of his marriage following his then-wife's cancer diagnosis and his suicide attempt. Produced mostly by the band and Kevin McMahon, the album lingered in development for years, with constant re-recordings owing to Le'aupepe's perfectionism.

Supported by three singles including the band's breakout hit "Magnolia", The Positions debuted at number five on the ARIA Albums Chart. It earned the band three nominations at the 2015 ARIA Awards, for Breakthrough Artist, Best Rock Album and Best Cover Art, as well as Australian Album of the Year at the J Awards of 2015. In 2021, Rolling Stone Australia ranked The Positions at number 89 in their list of the 200 greatest Australian albums of all time.

Perfectionism (psychology)
Perfectionism, in psychology, is a broad personality trait characterized by a person's concern with striving for flawlessness and perfection and is accompanied by critical self-evaluations and concerns regarding others' evaluations. It is best conceptualized as a multidimensional and multilayered personality characteristic, and initially some psychologists thought that there were many positive and negative aspects.

Maladaptive perfectionism drives people to be concerned with achieving unattainable ideals or unrealistic goals that often lead to many forms of adjustment problems such as depression, anxiety, OCD, OCPD and low self-esteem. These adjustment problems often lead to suicidal thoughts and tendencies and influence or invite other psychological, physical, social, and further achievement problems in children, adolescents, and adults.

Since the late 1980s, perfectionist tendencies have been on the rise among recent generations of young people attending higher education.
Nadir Shah Mosque
The Nadir Shah Mosque (Tamil: நத்தர்ஷா பள்ளிவாசல்) is a mosque situated in the city of Tiruchirappalli in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is situated in the western part of the city close to the Tiruchirappalli Fort Railway Station.

The mosque was built by rulers of the Carnatic Sultanate. The mosque is believed to contain the remains of the Nawab Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah of the Carnatic and the headless body of the general Chanda Sahib who was beheaded by the Maratha king of the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom, Pratap Singh. The mosque was named on honour of the Muslim cleric Babayya Nadir Shah, whose tomb lies within its precincts.

Nathar Shah
Sultan Syed Shah Mutaharuddin Suhrawardi (969–1039), also called Dada Hayat Mir Qalandar or Nathar Wali or Nadir Shah, was a Muslim preacher and mystic from Anatolia who in the 9th-10th century moved to Tamil Nadu, India, where he travelled about preaching Islam. He went to Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu, Importantly the tamil warrior community were converted by his preaching are known as Ravuttars in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, they are one of the earliest Muslim communities in the region. The most important Islamic building in the city is Nathar Shah's Mosque, which contains the tomb of the saint Sultan Nathar Shah. According to legend it is atop the grave of the three-headed Hindu demon Tiriasuran whom Dada killed.
Five Bridges
Five Bridges is a live and studio album and fourth overall by English progressive rock band The Nice, released in June 1970 by Charisma Records. Most of the album was recorded live in concert at Fairfield Halls in Croydon, London, in October 1969. The final track, "One of Those People", is a studio recording. The album's centrepiece is "The Five Bridges Suite", a five-part composition about Newcastle upon Tyne that features the group performing with the Sinfonia of London session orchestra conducted by Joseph Eger.

The album was a commercial success in the UK, peaking at number two on the UK Albums Chart. In the Q & Mojo Classic Special Edition Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog Rock, the album came No. 29 in its list of "40 Cosmic Rock Albums".

Sinfonia of London
Sinfonia of London is a symphony orchestra based in London, England, conducted by John Wilson.

The present orchestra, re-established by Wilson in 2018, is the third of three distinct ensembles to bear this name. Building on Sinfonia of London's significance historically as a recording orchestra, the present ensemble released 17 albums within the first five years of its re-establishment, many of which were recipients of industry awards.

In 2021, the orchestra made its live debut at the BBC Proms, and has returned every year since, as well as performing live tours across the United Kingdom.

In its current incarnation, Sinfonia of London consists of top-tier musicians, including principals and leaders from various UK and international orchestras, distinguished soloists, and members of notable chamber groups. This has led to the ensemble being frequently described as a “supergroup” or “super-orchestra” by UK classical music journalists.
Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.

Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces
Various medals, service ribbons, ribbon devices, and specific badges recognize military service and personal accomplishments of members of the U.S. Armed Forces. Such awards are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a service member's career.
Miguel Layún
Miguel Arturo Layún Prado (born 25 June 1988) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a right-back.

Over the course of his 17-year career, Layún represented nine clubs across five countries. He is best remembered for his time at Club América, where he won three league titles. During his stint in Europe, he became the first Mexican footballer to play in Serie A. Later, he captured a Primeira Liga championship with Porto, and upon returning to Mexico, he added another league title with Monterrey.

An international since 2013, Layún represented Mexico at the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cups, the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, and two CONCACAF Gold Cups, winning the 2015 edition.

CONCACAF Gold Cup
The CONCACAF Gold Cup (Spanish: Copa Oro CONCACAF) is an association football  competition organized by CONCACAF as its premier continental tournament for men's senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament is held every two years with its inaugural edition in 1991. It is the direct successor competition of the CONCACAF Championship (1963–1989).

So far, three national teams have won the tournament: Mexico (10 times), the United States (7), and Canada (1). All of them are member associations of the North American Football Union (NAFU).
Sammy Swindell
Samuel Alan "Slammin Sammy" Swindell (born October 26, 1955) is an American sprint car driver. He is a three-time champion and four-time runner-up in the World of Outlaws series; he has also competed in NASCAR and Champ Car competition and attempted to qualify for the 1987 Indianapolis 500.

Champ Car World Series
Champ Car World Series (CCWS) was an American open-wheel car racing series sanctioned by Open-Wheel Racing Series Inc., a sanctioning body that operated from 2004 to 2008. It was the successor to Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART), which sanctioned open-wheel racing from 1979 until dissolving after the 2003 season.
Years of Refusal
Years of Refusal is the ninth studio album by English alternative rock singer Morrissey. It was released on 16 February 2009 in the UK by record label Decca and on 17 February 2009 in the US by Lost Highway.

It was the last album completed by producer Jerry Finn before his death. The album is also notable for being the first Morrissey album since Your Arsenal not to feature lead guitar from Alain Whyte, who was permanently replaced by Jesse Tobias.

Your Arsenal
Your Arsenal is the third studio album by English singer Morrissey, released on 27 July 1992 by record label His Master's Voice.

The album received critical acclaim and reached number 4 on the UK Albums Chart.
Ellen Kiessling
Ellen Buchleitner (née Kiessling, born 17 February 1968) is a German former track and field athlete who was a middle-distance specialist. Representing East Germany, she won a silver medal in the 800 metres at the 1989 European Indoor Championships and a bronze medal in the 800 m at the 1989 World Indoor Championships, before going on to win a silver medal in the 1500 metres at the 1990 European Championships. She won three East German national titles.

Representing Germany, she finished fifth in the 1500 m final at the 1991 World Championships and competed at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. An eight-time unified Germany national champion, her winning indoor 1500 m time from 1991 remains the championship record. Her personal bests include 1:59.41 for the 800 metres, 4:04.44 for the 1500 metres and 8:46.99 for 3000 metres. She began competing as Ellen Buchleitner after marrying Austrian runner Michael Buchleitner in 1994.

East German Athletics Championships
The East German Athletics Championships (German: DDR Leichtathletik-Meisterschaften) was an annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the East German Athletics Federation, which served as the East German national championships for the sport. The three- or four-day event was held in summer months, varying from late June to early September, and the venue changed on an annual basis.

The German Athletics Championships had a long history dating back to 1898. Following the division of Germany as part of the end of World War II, the organising body of the all-Germany championships, German Athletics Association, remained based in West Germany. As a result, a new national competition and sports body was created in East Germany, starting from 1948. This competition predated the formal formation of the country, thus the first two editions in 1948 and 1949 were known as Eastern Zone Athletics Championships, reflecting the Soviet occupied area of the country.
Kevin Payne (soccer)
Kevin J. Payne (March 5, 1953 – December 25, 2022) was an American soccer executive. He was the president and chief executive officer of D.C. United from 1994 to 2012, and the president and general manager of Toronto FC. He was also chairman of the technical committee and board member for the U.S. Soccer Federation and vice chairman of the U.S. Soccer Foundation.

United States Soccer Federation
The United States Soccer Federation (USSF), commonly referred to as U.S. Soccer, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the official governing body of soccer in the United States. It is a full member of FIFA and governs American soccer at the international, professional, and amateur levels, including: the men's and women's national teams, Major League Soccer (MLS), the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), youth organizations, as well as the beach soccer, futsal, Paralympic, and deaf national teams. U.S. Soccer sanctions referees and soccer tournaments for most soccer leagues in the United States. It also administers and operates the U.S. Open Cup and SheBelieves Cup. U.S. Soccer is headquartered in Chicago.
William Devereux (1219–1265)
William Devereux (1219–1265) was an important Marcher Lord who held Lyonshall Castle controlling a strategically vital approach to the border of Wales.  The castle's significance was heightened by the rebellion of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales. With strong family ties to the politically powerful families of Cantilupe and Giffard, his support was strongly sought after by Henry III and Simon de Montfort throughout the Second Barons' War.

Marcher lord
A marcher lord (Welsh: barwn y mers) was a noble appointed by the king of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales.

A marcher lord was the English equivalent of a margrave (in the Holy Roman Empire) or a marquis (in France) before the introduction of the title of "marquess" in Britain; no marcher lord ever bore the rank of marquess. In this context, the word march means a border region or frontier, and is cognate with the verb "to march", both ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *mereg-, "edge" or "boundary".

The greatest marcher lords included the earls of Chester, Gloucester, Hereford, Pembroke and Shrewsbury (see also English earls of March).
Government of North Carolina
The government of North Carolina is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. These consist of the Council of State (led by the Governor), the bicameral legislature (called the General Assembly), and the state court system (headed by the North Carolina Supreme Court). The Constitution of North Carolina delineates the structure and function of the state government.

North Carolina Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of North Carolina is the state of North Carolina's highest appellate court. Until the creation of the North Carolina Court of Appeals in the 1960s, it was the state's only appellate court. The Supreme Court consists of six associate justices and one chief justice, although the number of justices has varied.  The primary function of the Supreme Court is to decide questions of law that have arisen in the lower courts and before state administrative agencies.
Aya Girard de Langlade Mpali
Aya Girard de Langlade Mpali (born 24 June 2004) is a Gabonese swimmer who has represented her country in international competitions. She was chosen, together with her brother, to compete at the postponed 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, swimming in the women's 50 metre freestyle heats.

Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 50 metre freestyle
The women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics was held from 30 July to 1 August 2021 at the Olympic Aquatics Centre. It was the event's ninth consecutive appearance, having been held at every edition since 1988.
John V. Farwell & Co.
John V. Farwell & Co. was a department store in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The store's history traces back to 1836, when the Wadsworth brothers came to Chicago to sell goods. E. S. Wadsworth eventually formed a partnership with Thomas Dyer and John Putnam Chapin as Wadsworth, Dyer & Chapin. Following a series of ownership changes, the company fell under the executive control of John Villiers Farwell, for whom the company was renamed. A profitable clothing store, Philip Wadsworth & Co., was later spun off from the company. John V. Farwell & Co. was the most successful store in the city until the 1871 Great Chicago Fire. The store continued to operate after the fire, but faced stiff competition from former partners Marshall Field and Levi Leiter. It was purchased by Carson, Pirie & Co. in 1926.

Carson's
Carson Pirie Scott & Co. (also known as Carson's) was an American department store that was founded in 1854, which grew to over 50 locations, primarily in the Midwestern United States. It was sold to the holding company of Bon-Ton in 2006, but still operated under the Carson name. The entire Bon-Ton collection of stores, including Carson's, went into bankruptcy and closed in 2018.  Bon-Ton's intellectual property was quickly sold while in bankruptcy, and the new owners reopened shortly afterwards as a BrandX virtual retailer.
Aviyal (2016 film)
Aviyal is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language independent anthology film consisting of four short films directed by Alphonse Putharen, Shameer Sultan, Mohit Mehra, Lokesh Kanagaraj and Guru Smaran. Nivin Pauly, Bobby Simha, Amrutha Srinivasan, Rajeev Govinda Pillai, Arjunan, Ramachandran Durairaj, and Deepak Paramesh have featured in the short films included in the anthology.

Produced by Karthik Subbaraj under his Stone Bench Creations and Bench Flix, it was their second venture after Bench Talkies, which was initially launched after the phenomenal response of the latter. The project Aviyal was launched earlier in November 2015, and the film was distributed by Thenandal Films, which had a theatrical release on 11 March 2016.

Arjunan (actor)
Arjunan is an Indian actor known for his supporting roles in predominantly  Tamil-language films. He made a breakthrough as Siva, a hopeless romantic college student, in Balaji Mohan's bilingual film, Kadhalil Sodhappuvadhu Yeppadi (2012), receiving critical acclaim for his portrayal.