hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Floyd Naramore
Floyd Archibald Naramore (July 21, 1879 – October 29, 1970) was an American architect. He is most notable for his work on schools, serving as architect and superintendent of properties for Portland Public Schools and as Architect of Seattle Public Schools. He was also a founder of the firm that is now known as NBBJ.

Portland Public Schools (Oregon)
Portland Public Schools (PPS; officially Portland School District 1J) is a public school district located in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is the largest school district in the state of Oregon. It is a PK–12 district with an enrollment of more than 49,000 students. It comprises more than 100 locations, including 79 schools and other sites that are maintained within the district.
La Mesa Ecopark
The La Mesa Ecopark is a public park located in Greater Lagro, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.  It is in the La Mesa Watershed Reservation and near the La Mesa Dam.

The park closed temporarily on February 12, 2024 after the ABS-CBN Foundation returned management of the park to the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System. It is partially reopened on June 29, 2024 under the management of the Manila Water Foundation.

Manila Water
Manila Water Company, Inc. has the exclusive right to provide water and used water (wastewater) services  to over six million people in the East Zone of  Metro Manila. It is a subsidiary of Enrique Razon's Trident Water Holdings Company, Inc., who acquired stakes from the country's oldest conglomerate, Ayala Corporation, starting in 2020 and completely taking over by 2024.

Incorporated on January 6, 1997, Manila Water became a publicly listed company on March 18, 2005. It is the east concessionaire of Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System during its privatization on August 1, 1997, with its counterpart Maynilad Water Services, Inc. as the west concessionaire. The 25-year water concession agreement inked with MWSS was expected to terminate in 2022. In 2009, its concession agreement with the MWSS was extended by another 15 years up to 2037.
Pen Foreman
Pen Foreman MCIfA is an archaeologist, Senior Inclusive Heritage Adviser at Historic England and Chair of the Board as well as Board EDI Champion at the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA). They are noted for their work on community archaeology and engagement and Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI), in which they are interested in making heritage "more inclusive" and "accessible".

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists
The Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) is a professional organisation for archaeologists working in the United Kingdom and overseas. It was founded in 1982, and at 21 July 2020 had 3,931 members overall, of whom 3,033 were accredited professionals; it also has 80 accredited organisations.

CIfA members are drawn from across the archaeological community, and from around the world - in 2018 the membership included archaeologists from 40 countries.

Accredited membership is by election following a satisfactory demonstration of archaeological experience and competence and an undertaking to abide by the institute's code of conduct. CIfA's aims are to advance the practice of archaeology and allied disciplines by promoting professional standards and ethics for conserving, managing, understanding and promoting enjoyment of the heritage.

CIfA is currently based at the University of Reading.
1904 United States presidential election in California
The 1904 United States presidential election in California took place on November 8, 1904, as part of the 1904 United States presidential election. State voters chose 10 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

California voted for the Republican incumbent, Theodore Roosevelt and his running mate Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. They defeated the Democratic nominees, former Chief Judge of New York Court of Appeals Alton B. Parker and his running mate, former US Senator Henry G. Davis of West Virginia. Roosevelt won the state by a wide margin of 34.9%. This was the first election in which a Republican carried Fresno County, Glenn County, Kern County, Lake County, Merced County, Modoc County, San Benito County, Stanislaus County, and Tulare County. Additionally, this was first time since 1872 that a Republican carried El Dorado County and Yolo County.

Merced County, California
Merced County (/mɜːr.ˈsɛd/ ⓘ mur-SED; Merced, Spanish for "Mercy") is a county located in the northern San Joaquin Valley section of the Central Valley, in the U.S. state of California.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 281,202., and for the 2024 census, the population was 296,774. The county seat is Merced. The county is named after the Merced River.

Merced County comprises the Merced, California Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Modesto-Merced, California Combined Statistical Area. It is located north of Fresno County and Fresno, and southeast of Santa Clara County and San Jose.
2022 Philadelphia Stars season
The 2022 Philadelphia Stars season was the first season for the Philadelphia Stars as a professional American football franchise. They played as charter members of the United States Football League, one of eight teams to compete in the league for the 2022 season. The Stars technically played as a traveling team (since the entirety of the regular season will be played at Protective Stadium and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama) and were led by head coach Bart Andrus.

2022 USFL season
The 2022 USFL season was the inaugural season of the United States Football League, and the first season of a league using that name since 1985. The season began on April 16 and concluded on July 3. The league's eight teams represent various geographical locales and associated team names that were part of the 1984 season of the original USFL. For 2022, all regular-season games were played in Birmingham, Alabama, at Protective Stadium (Weeks 1–7, 9) and at Legion Field (Weeks 8 & 10).

The USFL played its postseason games at Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium, adjacent to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. The Birmingham Stallions won the USFL Championship game against the Philadelphia Stars on July 3.
Christian Langeweg
Christian Langeweg or Kick Langeweg (born 7 March 1937), is a Dutch chess International Master (IM) (1962), five-times Dutch Chess Championship medalist (1969, 1970, 1972, 1980, 1983) and Chess Olympiad three-times individual medalist (1966, 1970, 1980).

19th Chess Olympiad
The 19th Chess Olympiad (German: Die 19. Schacholympiade), comprising an open team tournament as well as the annual FIDE congress, took place between September 5–27, 1970, in Siegen, West Germany.

The Soviet team with six Grandmasters, led by world champion Boris Spassky, lived up to expectations and won their tenth consecutive gold medal, although only by a single point, with Hungary and Yugoslavia taking the silver and bronze, respectively.
Monetary conditions index
In macroeconomics, a monetary conditions index (MCI) is an index number calculated from a linear combination of a small number of economy-wide financial variables deemed relevant for monetary policy. These variables always include a short-run interest rate and an exchange rate.

An MCI may also serve as a day-to-day operating target for the conduct of monetary policy, especially in small open economies.

Open economy
An open economy is an economy in which both domestic and international entities participate in the trade of goods and services. This type of economy allows for the exchange of products, including technology transfers and managerial expertise. However, certain services, such as a country's railway operations, may not be easily exchanged internationally due to practical limitations.

In contrast, a closed economy restricts international trade and finance with other countries. In an open economy, the sale of goods or services to a foreign country is known as exporting, while the purchase of foreign goods or services is referred to as importing. Collectively, these activities form the basis of international trade.
May 1968 (Miró)
May 1968 is a painting by Joan Miró which he created between 1968 and 1973. It is part of the collection of the Fundació Joan Miró, in Barcelona. The painting was inspired by the unrest in France in 1968.

Fundació Joan Miró
The Fundació Joan Miró (Catalan: Fundació Joan Miró, Centre d'Estudis d'Art Contemporani [fundəsiˈo ʒuˈam miˈɾo]; English: Joan Miró Foundation, Centre of Studies of Contemporary Art) is a modern art museum honoring the life and work of the Spanish artist Joan Miró, located on the hill called Montjuïc in Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain).
Futuna Chapel
41°16′54″S 174°44′19″E﻿ / ﻿41.2818°S 174.7387°E﻿ / -41.2818; 174.7387

Futuna Chapel is a building in Wellington, New Zealand designed by the architect John Scott.

Built by the brothers of the Society of Mary, the chapel is named after the Pacific Island of Futuna on which the missionary Peter Chanel, to whom the project is dedicated, was martyred in 1841.  It was awarded the New Zealand Institute of Architects gold medal in 1968 and its 25-year Award in 1986. The Historic Places Trust has placed it on its register as a Category 1 Historic Site.

Heritage New Zealand
Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (initially the National Historic Places Trust and then, from 1963 to 2014, the New Zealand Historic Places Trust; in Māori: Pouhere Taonga) is a Crown entity that advocates for the protection of ancestral sites and heritage buildings in New Zealand. It was set up through the Historic Places Act 1954 with a mission to "...promote the identification, protection, preservation and conservation of the historical and cultural heritage of New Zealand" and is an autonomous Crown entity. Its current enabling legislation is the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014.
University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture
The University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture or UCSTA (formerly known as Rajabazar Science College) are two of five main campuses of the University of Calcutta (CU). The college served as the cradle of Indian sciences, where Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, with many fellowships of the Royal Society London.

Indian Statistical Institute
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) is a public research university headquartered in Kolkata, India with centers in Chennai, Bengaluru, New Delhi and Tezpur. It was declared an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India under the Indian Statistical Institute Act, 1959. Established in 1931, it functions under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation of the Government of India.

Primary activities of ISI are research and training in statistics, development of theoretical statistics and its applications in various natural and social sciences. Key areas of research at ISI are statistics, mathematics, theoretical computer science, information science and mathematical economics.

Apart from the degree courses, ISI offers a few diploma and certificate courses, special diploma courses for international students via ISEC, and special courses in collaboration with CSO for training probationary officers of Indian Statistical Service (ISS).
Ivan Pavlov (film)
Ivan Pavlov (Russian: Академик Иван Павлов, romanized: Akademik Ivan Pavlov) is a 1949 Soviet biopic directed by Grigori Roshal and starring Aleksandr Borisov, Nina Alisova and Nikolai Plotnikov. The film portrays the life of the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), known for his Pavlov's dog experiments. The film was made during the Stalinist era, despite the fact that Pavlov had been a noted opponent of the Soviet regime.

Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Russian: Иван Петрович Павлов, IPA: [ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈpavləf] ⓘ; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1849 – 27 February 1936) was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. Pavlov also conducted significant research on the physiology of digestion, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904.
Aubrey Reese
Aubrey Lamar Reese (born October 13, 1978) is an American former professional basketball player. A 6-foot point guard, he played college basketball at Murray State for 3 years, being named the OVC Player of the Year in 2000. After going undrafted in the 2000 NBA draft he started his professional career in the USBL in 2000, and the following season he was named the USBL Player of the Year. He then moved to Europe, and in 2003 he was the top scorer of the LNB Pro A in France. He has played in several countries in Asia and Europe, including France, Germany, Israel, Russia and Turkey.

LNB Pro A Best Scorer
The LNB Pro A Best Scorer, or Top Scorer, is the best scorer of the season award, of the top-tier level men's professional club basketball league in France, the LNB Pro A. In basketball, points are the sum of the score accumulated through free throws or field goals. The LNB Pro A's scoring title is awarded to the player with the highest points per game average in a given regular season. Before the 1976–77 season, the league's Top Scorer was the player who scored the most total points in the league during the season. Since the 1976–77 season, the league's Top Scorer is the player with the highest scoring average per game during the season.
Now, We Are Breaking Up
Now, We Are Breaking Up (Korean: 지금, 헤어지는 중입니다) is a South Korean romantic drama television series starring Song Hye-kyo, Jang Ki-yong, Oh Se-hun, Kim Joo-hun and Choi Hee-seo. Directed by Lee Gil-bok, with screenplay by Je In, and produced by Samhwa Networks and United Artists Agency, the series is about falling in love and breaking up between men and women. It  premiered on SBS TV on November 12, 2021, and aired every Friday and Saturday at 22:00 (KST) till January 8, 2022.

Samhwa Networks
Samhwa Networks (Korean: 삼화네트웍스) is a Korean drama production company. Founded in 1980 by Shin Hyun-taek as a home video distributor, it later became well-known because of its drama productions.

As of 2019, Shin's family (including his eldest son and son-in-law, who are the co-CEO's of the company) owns 38.71% of its stocks. The rest are owned by the public.
Nationwide Airlines (South Africa)
Nationwide Airlines was an airline based in Lanseria, South Africa. It operated scheduled domestic and international services. Its main base was OR Tambo International Airport, Johannesburg. On 29 April 2008, the airline ended operations.

O. R. Tambo International Airport
O. R. Tambo International Airport (IATA: JNB, ICAO: FAOR) is an international airport serving the twin cities of Johannesburg and the main capital of South Africa, Pretoria. It is situated in Kempton Park, Gauteng. It serves as the primary airport for domestic and international travel for South Africa and since 2020, it is Africa's second busiest airport, with a capacity to handle up to 28 million passengers annually. The airport serves as the hub for South African Airways. The airport handled over 21 million passengers in 2017.

The airport was originally known as Jan Smuts International Airport, after the former South African Prime Minister. It was renamed Johannesburg International Airport in 1994, and  subsequently on 27 October 2006 the airport was renamed after anti-apartheid politician Oliver Tambo (1917–1993). Its ICAO code was changed from FAJS to FAOR on 10 January 2013.
139th Aero Squadron
The 139th Aero Squadron was a United States Army Air Service unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I.

The squadron was assigned as a day pursuit (fighter) squadron as part of the 2d Pursuit Group, First United States Army.  Its mission was to engage and clear enemy aircraft from the skies and provide escort to reconnaissance and bombardment squadrons over enemy territory.  It also attacked enemy observation balloons, and performed close air support and tactical bombing attacks on enemy forces along the front lines.

The squadron was very successful in combat, having half a dozen air aces including David Putnam, Karl Schoen, Robert Opie Lindsay, and future Brigadier General Harold H. George.

After the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron returned to the United States in June 1919 and was demobilized. There is no current United States Air Force or Air National Guard unit that shares its lineage and history.

David Endicott Putnam
David Endicott Putnam (December 10, 1898 – September 12, 1918) was an American flying ace of World War I. He was known as the “Ace of Aces,” for thirteen confirmed kills, and thirty cumulative unconfirmed. He was shot down by German ace Georg von Hantelmann.
Willie Lumpkin
William Lemuel "Willie" Lumpkin is a fictional supporting character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is best known as the mailman of the Fantastic Four in their self-titled comic book.

Willie Lumpkin was portrayed by Stan Lee in the 2005 film Fantastic Four.

Fantastic Four (comic book)
Fantastic Four is the name of several comic book titles featuring the team the Fantastic Four (created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby) and published by Marvel Comics, beginning with the original Fantastic Four comic book series which debuted in 1961.

As the first superhero team title produced by Marvel Comics, it formed a cornerstone of the company's 1960s rise from a small division of a publishing company to a pop culture conglomerate. The title would go on to showcase the talents of comics creators such as Roy Thomas, John Buscema, John Byrne, Steve Englehart, Walt Simonson, Tom DeFalco, Mark Waid, and Jonathan Hickman. The Fantastic Four is one of several Marvel titles originating in the Silver Age of Comic Books that was continuously published through 2015 before returning to monthly publication in 2018.
Natalia Molina (politician)
Natalia Irene Molina Posso (c. 1993) is a Colombian political scientist and politician who served as Deputy General Director of Decentralization and Territorial Development and currently serves as General Director of National Planning since May 23, 2025.

Born in Cartagena, Bolívar, she holds a degree in Political Science from the National University of Colombia and a master's degree in Economic Analysis and Policy from the Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and a master's degree in International Economics from HWR Berlin. Molina is the first Afro-Colombian to hold the position of General Director of National Planning Department.

National Planning Department (Colombia)
The National Planning Department (Spanish: Departamento Nacional de Planeación) is the executive administrative agency of Colombia in charge of defining, recommending and promoting public and economic policy.
Nguyễn Biểu
Nguyễn Biểu (chữ Hán: 阮表) (1350 - 1413) was a prominent figure in Vietnamese history, serving as the Home Minister (Hau Tran). He was born in Bình Hòa, Chi La, Nghệ An, and later moved to Yên Hồ, Đức Thọ, Hà Tĩnh (formerly part of Nghệ Tĩnh) city.

Đức Thọ district
Đức Thọ is a rural district of Hà Tĩnh province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. The village of Đông Thái, where the noted 19th-century anti-colonial leader Phan Đình Phùng was born, is located in Đức Thọ. As of 2003 the district had a population of 117,730. The district covers an area of 203 km2 (78 sq mi). The district capital lies at Đức Thọ.
Giruá
Giruá is a municipality in the northern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The population is 15,863 (2020 est.) in an area of 855.92 km2. It is located 474 km west of the state capital of Porto Alegre, northeast of Alegrete. It also borders Santa Rosa and Santo Ângelo.

Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul
Santa Rosa is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, located at latitude 27º52'15" and longitude 54º28'53" at a height of 277 meters above sea level. It has an area of 488.42 km2. Its estimated population is 73,575 (2020). It is known as the "National Cradle of Soybeans".
Eshwari Bai
Jetti Eshwari Bai (1 December 1918 – 25 February 1991) was an Indian politician, a Member of the Legislative Assembly and president of the Republican Party of India. She worked for the upliftment of the backward classes who were subjected to slavery and caste discrimination for generations by the upper castes.

Republican Party of India
The Republican Party of India (RPI, often called the Republican Party or simply Republican) was a political party in India. It had its roots in the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation led by N. Sivaraj and B. R. Ambedkar. The party established by Ambedkar in 1956 was to serve as an entry point to the Republican Party of India (RPI).
Blakenhall, Cheshire
Blakenhall is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Doddington and District, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, about 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Nantwich. It lies on the county boundary with Staffordshire. The parish has an area of 654 hectares (1,620 acres) and also includes the small settlements of The Den and Gonsley Green, with a total population of 125 in 2001. Nearby villages include Wybunbury in Cheshire and Betley and Wrinehill in Staffordshire. Blakenhall was first recorded in the Domesday survey as Blachenhale, and the parish had one of Cheshire's early ironworks in the 17th and 18th centuries. The area is rural and predominantly agricultural, with small areas of ancient woodland and the nature reserve of Blakenhall Moss, a rejuvenating lowland raised bog. The Crewe-to-Stafford railway line runs through the parish and it is on the  proposed route of HS2.

Cheshire East
Cheshire East is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. The local authority is Cheshire East Council. Towns within the area include Crewe, Macclesfield, Congleton, Wilmslow, Nantwich, Poynton, Knutsford, Alsager, Bollington, Handforth and Sandbach.
PVC superphylum
The PVC is a superphylum of bacteria named after its three important members, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Chlamydiota. Cavalier-Smith postulated that the PVC bacteria probably lost or reduced their peptidoglycan cell wall twice. It has been hypothesised that a member of the PVC clade might have been the host cell in the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to the first proto-eukaryotic cell.

Cavalier-Smith calls the same group Planctobacteria and considers it a phylum. However, this is not followed by the larger scientific community. In the Cavalier-Smith bacterial megaclassification, it is within the bacterial Gracilicutes infra-kingdom and comprises the phyla Chlamydiota, Lentisphaerota, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota.

Lentisphaerota
Lentisphaerota is a phylum of bacteria closely related to Chlamydiota and Verrucomicrobiota.

It includes two monotypic orders Lentisphaerales and Victivallales. Phylum members can be aerobic or anaerobic and fall under two distinct phenotypes. These phenotypes live within bodies of sea water and were particularly hard to isolate in a pure culture. One phenotype, L. marina, consists of terrestrial gut microbiota from mammals and birds. It was found in the Sea of Japan. The other phenotype (L. araneosa) includes marine microorganisms: sequences from fish and coral microbiomes and marine sediment.
August Geelmuyden Spørck
August Geelmuyden Spørck (13 September 1851 – 14 July 1928) was a Norwegian military officer and politician for the Liberal Party. He is best known as the Norwegian Minister of Defence from 1909 to 1910.

Minister of Defence (Norway)
The Norwegian Minister of Defence is the head of the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. The position has existed since 1814. The incumbent minister since 4 February 2025 is Tore O. Sandvik of the Labour Party.

Between 1819 and 1885 the Ministry was split into two different ministries, the Ministry of the Navy and the Army Ministry.