hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamiltonian mechanics
In physics, Hamiltonian mechanics is a reformulation of Lagrangian mechanics that emerged in 1833. Introduced by Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Hamiltonian mechanics replaces (generalized) velocities  used in Lagrangian mechanics with (generalized) momenta. Both theories provide interpretations of classical mechanics and describe the same physical phenomena.

Hamiltonian mechanics has a close relationship with geometry (notably, symplectic geometry and Poisson structures) and serves as a link between classical and quantum mechanics.

Sub-Riemannian manifold
In mathematics, a sub-Riemannian manifold is a certain type of generalization of a Riemannian manifold. Roughly speaking, to measure distances in a sub-Riemannian manifold, you are allowed to go only along curves tangent to so-called horizontal subspaces.

Sub-Riemannian manifolds (and so, a fortiori, Riemannian manifolds) carry a natural intrinsic metric called the metric of Carnot–Carathéodory. The Hausdorff dimension of such metric spaces is always an integer and larger than its topological dimension (unless it is actually a Riemannian manifold).

Sub-Riemannian manifolds often occur in the study of constrained systems in classical mechanics, such as the motion of vehicles on a surface, the motion of robot arms, and the orbital dynamics of satellites. Geometric quantities such as the Berry phase may be understood in the language of sub-Riemannian geometry. The Heisenberg group, important to quantum mechanics, carries a natural sub-Riemannian structure.
Bambi Schieffelin
Bambi B. Schieffelin (born April 26, 1945) is a linguistic anthropologist and professor emerita at New York University (NYU) in the department of Anthropology. Along with Elinor Ochs, she pioneered the field of language socialization. In addition, she has written extensively about language contact, language ideology, literacy, Haitian Creole, and missionization.

Linguistic anthropology
Linguistic anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of how language influences social life. It is a branch of anthropology that originated from the endeavor to document endangered languages and has grown over the past century to encompass most aspects of language structure and use.

Linguistic anthropology explores how language shapes communication, forms social identity and group membership, organizes large-scale cultural beliefs and ideologies, and develops a common cultural representation of natural and social worlds.
Down by the River (Albert Hammond song)
"Down by the River" is a song by Albert Hammond that was released as the lead single from his 1972 debut album It Never Rains in Southern California. Written by Hammond himself, it became his own debut charting hit in 1972.  The song deals with ecology as the subject matter.

Upon re-release in 1975, it became an international hit for Hammond, charting in the top ten in West Germany and Switzerland and the top twenty in Austria.

It Never Rains in Southern California (album)
It Never Rains in Southern California is the debut album by Albert Hammond, released in 1972. The title song was a big hit, and the album included the first release of the song "The Air That I Breathe", which would go on to become a major hit for British band the Hollies in 1974.
Damat Halil Pasha
Damat Halil Pasha (died 1629, Istanbul), also known as Khalil Pasha, was an Ottoman Armenian statesman. He was grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1616–1619 and 1626–1628. He also served in the Ottoman Navy, and led a number of attacks including the Raid of Żejtun in Malta in 1614 and the Sack of Manfredonia in 1620.

Raid on Żejtun
The Raid on Żejtun, also known as The Last Attack (Maltese: L-aħħar ħbit), was the last major attack made by the Ottoman Empire against Hospitaller-ruled Malta. The attack took place in July 1614, when raiders pillaged the town of Żejtun and the surrounding area before being beaten back to their ships by the Order's cavalry and by the inhabitants of the south-eastern towns and villages.
HeySong Beverage Museum
The HeySong Beverage Museum (traditional Chinese: 黑松飲料博物館; simplified Chinese: 黑松饮料博物馆; pinyin: Hēisōng Yǐnliào Bówùguǎn) is a museum in Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The museum is owned by HeySong Corporation.

HeySong Corporation
HeySong Corporation (Chinese: 黑松股份有限公司; pinyin: Hēisōng Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) is a well-known beverage producer in Taiwan. It was founded in 1925 as a family business, and later on grew into a large corporation.
Rally Hungary
Rally Hungary is a rally event that has been held in Nyíregyháza, Zemplén Mountains and Máriapócs until 2023. Since 2024 the rally set place in Veszprém and the Transdanubian Mountains. The rally was organized for the first time in 2018 under the name of Nyíregyháza Rally, it consisted of 17 stages and 223 km of route, the first and only edition of this rally was won by the local András Hadik.

In 2019, already like the Rally Hungary, the event was selected as a round of the European Rally Championship, replacing the Acropolis Rally. It was the first Hungarian rally to be part of the European Championship since 2003 (Fehérvár Rally). Another local Frigyes Turán won the first Rally Hungary.

Nyíregyháza
Nyíregyháza (Hungarian: [ˈɲiːrɛchaːzɒ] ⓘ, Slovak: Níreďháza [ˈɲiːrɛɟɦaːza]) is a city with county rights in northeastern Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. With a population of 118,001, it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and the second largest in the Northern Great Plain region. Its development has been ongoing since the 18th century, making it the economic and cultural center of the region. Nyíregyháza Zoo, with over 500 species, is recognized throughout Europe.
U.S. Route 66 in Oklahoma
U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66) in Oklahoma ran from west to northeast across the state of Oklahoma, along the path now taken by Interstate 40 (I-40) and State Highway 66 (SH-66). It passed through Oklahoma City, Tulsa, and many smaller communities. West of the Oklahoma City area, it has been largely replaced by I-40; the few independent portions that are still state-maintained are now I-40 Business. From Oklahoma City northeast to Kansas, the bypassing I-44 is mostly a toll road, and SH-66 remains as a free alternate.

Erick, Oklahoma
Erick (/ˈɪərɪk/ EER-ik) is a city in Beckham County, Oklahoma, United States. It is located 15 miles (24 km) west of Sayre, the county seat, and 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the Oklahoma-Texas border. The population was an even 1,000 at the time of the 2020 census.

A post office, originally named Dennis, was established to serve the local community on November 8, 1900. This community developed along the Choctaw, Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad line (later the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway), built in 1902. On November 16, 1901, the name was changed to honor Beeks Erick, the townsite developer and president of the Choctaw Townsite and Improvement Company, and the town incorporated that year.
Oskar Gross
Oskar Gross (1871 - 1963) was an artist in Germany and the United States. Born in Vienna, he worked in Munich before moving to the United States. His work included decorative murals in buildings for Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan and George C. Nimmons He was also a portraitist.

He was born in Vienna in 1871. He won a competition in 1898 to paint murals for the Austro-Hungarian state pavilions at the World’s Fair in Paris. This led to an offer to work in Chicago.

He did paintings for Sullivan's National Farmers Bank in Owatonna, Minnesota, and interior paintings for Chicago's Franklin Building.

He returned to portrait painting after 1920. His work includes a portrait of Dankmar Adler displayed in the lobby of Roosevelt University.

He died in Chicago in 1963.

George C. Nimmons
George Croll Nimmons (June 8, 1865 – June 17, 1947) was an American architect. Nimmons was best known for his commercial work, which was primarily for Sears, Roebuck and Company, but he also designed several houses, including a Kenwood mansion for Sears' President, Julius Rosenwald.
Golden Crown Literary Society
Golden Crown Literary Society (GCLS) is an American nonprofit organization established in 2004 for those with an interest in Sapphic literature. Since 2005, GCLS has at its annual conference presented Golden Crown Literary Awards (Goldies) to authors and editors in various categories of fiction, non-fiction, poetry and anthologies/collections, as well as for cover design and audiobook narration.

Karin Kallmaker
Karin Kallmaker (born 1960) is an American author of lesbian fiction whose works also include those originally written under the name Laura Adams. Her writings span lesbian romance, lesbian erotica, and lesbian science-fiction/fantasy. Dubbed the Queen of Lesbian Romance, she publishes exclusively in the lesbian market as a matter of personal choice.
Geographical feature
In geography and particularly in geographic information science, a geographic feature or simply feature (also called an object or entity) is a representation of phenomenon that exists at a location in the space and scale of relevance to geography; that is, at or near the surface of Earth.: 62  It is an item of geographic information, and may be represented in maps, geographic information systems, remote sensing imagery, statistics, and other forms of geographic discourse. Such representations of phenomena consist of descriptions of their inherent nature, their spatial form and location, and their characteristics or properties.

Geographic data and information
Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). It is also called geospatial data and information, georeferenced data and information, as well as geodata and geoinformation.

Geographic data and information is stored in geographic databases and geographic information systems (GIS).
There are many different formats of geodata, including vector files, raster files, web files, and multi-temporal data.

Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.
Eshwara Khandre
Eshwar Bheemanna Khandre (born 15 January 1962) is an Indian politician from Karnataka. He is serving as a cabinet minister in the Government of Karnataka since May 2023. He is also serving as the Working President of the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee, since 2018. He is a Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Bhalki constituency since 25 May 2008.

Bhalki
Bhalki or Bhālki is a town in Bidar district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located 30 km from Bidar. It is the headquarters of Bhalki taluka panchayat. It is well connected by roadways and railways. The Karanja River, one of the main rivers of Bidar district, flows through Bhalki taluka.
Nowe Borne
Nowe Borne [ˈnɔvɛ ˈbɔrnɛ] (German: Kolonie Alt Hütten) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój
Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Połczyn-Zdrój, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) east of Świdwin and 108 km (67 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 343.71 square kilometres (132.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 16,016 (out of which the population of Połczyn-Zdrój amounts to 8,572, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,444).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Drawsko Landscape Park.
False Bay (Livingston Island)
False Bay (62°43′S 60°22′W﻿ / ﻿62.717°S 60.367°W﻿ / -62.717; -60.367) is a bay 4 miles (6.4 km) long, which lies between Barnard Point and Miers Bluff on the south side of Livingston Island, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The glaciers Hurd Ice Cap, Huntress, Ruen Icefall, Peshtera and Charity feed the bay.

It was probably first entered and charted by Captain Nathaniel Palmer in November 1820, and was likely named because of the possibility in thick weather of confusion between this feature and nearby South Bay, where Johnsons Dock was frequented by the early sealers.

Charity Glacier
Charity Glacier (62°44′S 60°20′W﻿ / ﻿62.733°S 60.333°W﻿ / -62.733; -60.333) is a glacier on Rozhen Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica draining the southwest slopes of St. Methodius Peak in Tangra Mountains, and flowing west-southwestwards into False Bay north of Barnard Point, between Zagore Beach and Arkutino Beach.

The glacier was named by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee in 1958 after the brig Charity (Capt. Charles H. Barnard), one of a fleet of American sealers from New York which visited the South Shetland Islands in 1820–21, operating mainly from Yankee Harbor, Greenwich Island. The Charity also visited the islands the following season.
Margit Warburg
Margit Warburg (born 15 February 1952) is a Danish sociologist of religion. Since 2004, she has been professor of Sociology of Religion in the Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies at the University of Copenhagen.  She was an associate professor at the same university from 1979 to 2004.

Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies (University of Copenhagen)
The Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies (Danish: Institut for Tværkulturelle og Regionale Studier) or ToRS is a department at the Faculty of the Humanities at the University of Copenhagen. It is the home to several area and language studies disciplines focused in geographical areas outside of Europe, as well as comparative religious studies and cross-cultural and minority studies. It was founded in 2004 at the fusion of several earlier departments. The department is headed by associate professor Annika Hvithamar.

Notable Professors:

Kim Ryholt, Professor of Egyptology

Margit Warburg, professor emerita of Sociology of Religion

Una Canger, Lektor emerita of Native American languages and Cultures
1988 NCAA Division II softball tournament
The 1988 NCAA Division II softball tournament was the seventh annual postseason tournament hosted by the NCAA to determine the national champion of softball among its Division II members in the United States, held at the end of the 1988 NCAA Division II softball season.

The final, four-team double elimination tournament, also known as the Division II Women's College World Series, was played in Sacramento, California.

Emerging from the loser's bracket and in their first ever appearance in the tournament, Cal State Bakersfield defeated Lock Haven in a two-game championship series (4–3, 4–3) to capture the Roadrunners' first Division II national title.

Cal State Bakersfield Roadrunners
The Cal State Bakersfield Roadrunners (also known as CSUB Roadrunners, and now in the process of being rebranded as the Bakersfield Roadrunners) are the intercollegiate athletic teams representing California State University, Bakersfield, located in Bakersfield, California. The Roadrunners compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level as a member of the Big West Conference.
António Martins de Chaves
António Martins de Chaves  (died 6 July 1447) was a Cardinal of the Catholic Church and bishop of Porto in Portugal.

He was made cardinal on the 18 December 1439 by Pope Eugenius IV. He founded the church and hospice of San Antonio dei Portoghesi in 1440.

He attended the Council of Basel as a representative of King Edward I of Portugal.

Chaves was buried at the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran, where he was archpriest from 1444 to his death. His tomb was executed by Isaia da Pisa.

Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi
The church of Saint Anthony in Campo Marzio, known as Saint Anthony of the Portuguese (Italian: Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi, Portuguese: Santo António dos Portugueses), is a Baroque Roman Catholic titular church in Rome, dedicated to Saint Anthony of Lisbon. The church functions as a national church of the Portuguese community residing in that city and pilgrims visiting Rome and the Vatican. It also serves the Brazilian community.

Established as titulus S. Antonii in Campo Martio in 2001, it is currently assigned to Cardinal Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente.
Veps National Volost
61°22′15″N 35°21′29″E﻿ / ﻿61.3708°N 35.3581°E﻿ / 61.3708; 35.3581

Veps National Volost (Russian: Ве́псская национа́льная во́лость, Vepsskaya natsionalnaya volost; Veps: Vepsän rahvahaline volost’) was a municipal autonomy (a volost) of North Vepses  in Prionezhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia during 1996-2004.  Its center was the village of Shyoltozero.

Volost
Volost (Belarusian: во́ласць, romanized: volasts; Lithuanian: valsčius; Russian: во́лость [ˈvoɫəsʲtʲ]; Ukrainian: во́лость) was a traditional administrative subdivision in Kievan Rus', the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and the Russian Empire.
Sucking the 70's – Back in the Saddle Again
Sucking the 70's – Back in the Saddle is a follow-up album to the 2002 compilation Sucking the 70's. It was released in 2006 by Small Stone Records. Like the original, it features stoner rock bands covering songs from the 1970s.

Small Stone Records
Small Stone Records is an American record label based in Detroit, MI.  It was founded in 1995 by Scott Hamilton and is a self-dubbed "heavy rock" label. The label has released a number of stoner rock compilation albums, as well as releases by Dozer, Los Natas, Halfway To Gone, Solace, and many others in the stoner rock, indie, blues-rock, and psychedelic genres.
Ambatoriha
Ambatoriha or Ambatoria is a town and commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Bealanana, which is a part of Sofia Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 96% of the population of the commune are farmers.  The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts, beans, maize and cassava.  Services provide employment for 3% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 1% of the population.

Bealanana District
Bealanana is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Sofia Region and borders the districts of Ambanja in north, Ambilobe in northeast, Andapa in east, Befandriana-Nord in south, Antsohihy in southwest and Analalava in west. The area is 6,543 km2 (2,526 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 201,836 in 2020.
Lebanon, PA (film)
Lebanon, PA  is a 2010 American drama film written and directed by Ben Hickernell. The film tells the story of Will, a 35-year-old  Philadelphian who travels to nearby Lebanon, Pennsylvania, to bury his recently deceased father. While visiting he connects with his 17-year-old cousin, CJ, who is recently pregnant. Will then meets and becomes romantically interested in CJ's teacher, who is married. After CJ has an argument with her father, she and Will face difficult decisions regarding their futures. The film explores the challenges of bridging the cultural divide in the United States through the lens of an extended family.

Matt Pond and Chris Hansen of the band Matt Pond PA composed the score for the film.

The film premiered at the 2010 South by Southwest Film Festival, and had a limited release in the United States on April 29, 2011.

Lebanon, Pennsylvania
Lebanon (/ˈlɛbənən/ LEB-ən-ən; Pennsylvania German: Lebnen [ˈlɛbnən]) is a city in and the county seat of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 26,814 at the 2020 census.

Lebanon was founded by George Steitz in 1740 and was originally named Steitztown.

Lebanon is located 61 miles (98 km) southwest of Allentown, 26 miles (42 km) east of Harrisburg, and 88 miles (142 km) northwest of Philadelphia.
Zinovy Rozhestvensky
Zinovy Petrovich Rozhestvensky (Russian: Зиновий Петрович Рожественский, tr. Zinoviy Petrovich Rozhestvenskiy; November 11 [O.S. October 30] 1848 – January 14, 1909) was a Russian admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy.  He was in command of the Second Pacific Squadron in the Battle of Tsushima, during the Russo-Japanese War.

Under Admiral Rozhestvensky's command, the Russian navy accomplished a feat of steaming an all-steel, coal-powered battleship fleet over 18,000 miles (29,000 km) one way to engage an enemy in decisive battle (the Battle of Tsushima, which ended in a disastrous defeat of the Russian force.) The  Knyaz Suvorov, one of four brand-new battleships of the French-designed Borodino class, was his flagship for the voyage to the Pacific.

Russian battleship Knyaz Suvorov
Knyaz Suvorov (Russian: Князь Суворов, Russian pronunciation: [ˈknʲæsʲ sʊˈvorəf]) was one of five Borodino-class pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed after the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, she became the flagship of Vice admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky, commander of the Second Pacific Squadron. The squadron was sent to the Far East a few months after her completion to break the Japanese blockade of Port Arthur. The Japanese captured the port while the squadron was in transit and their destination was changed to Vladivostok.  During the Battle of Tsushima on 27 May 1905, the ship fell out of the battle line after a shell hit her bridge, killing her helmsman and wounding her captain and Rozhestvensky. Knyaz Suvorov was eventually torpedoed and sunk by Japanese torpedo boats; other than 20 wounded officers who were earlier evacuated by a destroyer, there were no survivors.
Argophyllaceae
Argophyllaceae is a family of shrubs or small trees belonging to the order Asterales. The family includes c. 24 species in two genera, Argophyllum and Corokia.  Members of the family are native to eastern Australia, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, and Rapa Iti.

Corokia
Corokia is a genus in the Argophyllaceae family. The genus was first described in 1839. It comprising six species native to New Zealand, Australia and Rapa Iti. Corokia species are shrubs or small trees with zigzagging (divaricating) branches. In fact, Corokia cotoneaster is commonly known as wire-netting bush. The stems of the shrubs are dark when mature, covered with downy or silky hairs (tomentum) when young. In spring, they produce clusters of small, star-shaped yellow blossoms. Berries are red or yellow. The shrubs prefer forests and rocky areas, sun or light shade, reasonably well drained soil, and moderate watering.
Broughan
The Broughan family has a long history including earls, knights and paupers.  The first referenced history of the Broughan family occurs during the Norman invasion of England, wherein a family of engineers called Broughan were shipped to England during the conquest to assist in defense destruction.  The name itself most likely derives from the old English or French word "Brun," originally a nickname for a person who had brown eyes, hair or even dressed habitually in brown.  It is also possible that the name is from the Germanic "Brunwine" or "Brungar."

First known to be seated in Cumberland, the Broughan family today is scattered throughout the world, with known members in England, Australia, Ireland, America and France.  Members of note include Tommy Broughan (b. August 1947, Irish politician).

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.