hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Live: Ravi Shankar at the Monterey International Pop Festival
Live: Ravi Shankar at the Monterey International Pop Festival is a live album by Indian sitarist Ravi Shankar, released on the World Pacific record label in November 1967. It consists of part of Shankar's celebrated performance at the Monterey International Pop Festival in California on 18 June 1967. Part of this performance, namely Dhun (Dhadra and Fast Teental), are featured in D.A. Pennebaker’s 1968 film Monterrey Pop. Shankar was accompanied throughout by his regular tabla player, Alla Rakha, who performs a frenetic five-minute solo on the recording.

In the United States, the album peaked at number 43 on Billboard's pop LPs listings – the highest placing Shankar achieved on that chart throughout his career.

Monterey Pop
Monterey Pop is a 1968 American concert film by D. A. Pennebaker that documents the Monterey International Pop Festival of 1967. Among Pennebaker's several camera operators were fellow documentarians Richard Leacock and Albert Maysles. The painter Brice Marden has an "assistant camera" credit. Titles for the film were by the illustrator Tomi Ungerer. Featured performers include Big Brother and the Holding Company with Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, Hugh Masekela, Otis Redding, Ravi Shankar, the Mamas & the Papas, the Who (who also besides Hendrix destroyed equipment on stage), and the Jimi Hendrix Experience, whose namesake set his guitar on fire, broke it on the stage, then threw the neck of his guitar in the crowd at the end of "Wild Thing".

In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles
Switzerland's Roger Federer and Stanislas Wawrinka defeated Sweden's Simon Aspelin and Thomas Johansson in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–7(4–7), 6–3 to win the gold medal in men's doubles tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics. In the bronze medal match, the United States' Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan defeated France's Arnaud Clément and Michaël Llodra, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4. It was Sweden's and the United States' first medals in the event since 1988.

The tournament was held from August 10 to August 16 at the Olympic Green Tennis Centre, in Beijing, China. The DecoTurf surface rendered the event a hardcourt tournament. There were 32 pairs from 24 nations.

Chile's Fernando González and Nicolas Massú were the reigning gold medalists from 2004, but they lost in the first round to Russia's Dmitry Tursunov and Mikhail Youzhny.

Nicolás Massú
Nicolás Alejandro Massú Fried (Spanish pronunciation: [nikoˈlas maˈsu]; born 10 October 1979), nicknamed El Vampiro (Spanish, 'the vampire'), is a Chilean tennis coach and a former professional player. A former world No. 9 in singles, he won the singles and doubles gold medals at the 2004 Athens Olympics. He is the only man to have won both gold medals at the same Games since the re-introduction of Olympic tennis in 1988, and they were the first two Chile's Olympic gold medals. Massú also reached the final of the 2003 Madrid Masters and won six singles titles. He was the coach of 2020 US Open champion and former world No. 3 Dominic Thiem from 2019 to 2023. He is currently the coach of Hubert Hurkacz.
Nikolai Ilbekov
Nikolai Filippovich Ilbekov (Chuvash: Микулай Илпек Mikulai Ilpek; 1915 May 19 in Trekhizb-Shemursha, Buinsky Uyezd, Simbirsk Governorate – 1981 April 12 in Cheboksary) was a Chuvash prose writer.

Of his more than twenty books, the most significant is the novel Black Bread (Хура ҫӑкӑр), published 1958–1961. Black Bread depicts the pre-revolutionary life of the Chuvash people, the revolutionary events of 1905–1907, and the growth of self-consciousness of the Chuvash and Tatars.

Chuvash language
Chuvash (UK: /ˈtʃuːvɑːʃ/ CHOO-vahsh, US: /tʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ chuu-VAHSH; Чӑваш чӗлхи, Чӑвашла, translit. Çăvaşla, IPA: [tɕəʋaʃˈla]) is a Turkic language spoken in Volga-Ural region of Russia, primarily in the Chuvash Republic and adjacent areas. It is the only surviving member of the Oghur branch of Turkic languages, one of the two principal branches of the Turkic family.

The writing system for the Chuvash language is based on the Cyrillic script, employing all of the letters used in the Russian alphabet and adding four letters of its own: Ӑ, Ӗ, Ҫ and Ӳ.
49th Guldbagge Awards
The 49th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 2013 and took place January 20, 2014, at Cirkus in Stockholm. During the ceremony, the jury presented Guldbagge Awards (commonly referred to as Bagge) in 19 categories. The ceremony was televised in the Sweden by SVT, with actress and comedian Sissela Kyle hosting the show for the third time. The ceremony also celebrated the prize's 50th anniversary.

Waltz for Monica won four awards including Best Actress for Edda Magnason and Best Director for Per Fly. The Reunion won two awards for Best Film and Best Screenplay. Other winners included We Are the Best! with two awards, and Nobody Owns Me, Hotell, The Tenderness, Belleville Baby, On Suffocation, Blue Is the Warmest Colour, Sanctuary, Faro and Shed No Tears with one.

Guldbagge Awards
The Guldbagge Awards (Swedish: Guldbaggen, lit. 'the golden scarab') is an official film awards ceremony in Sweden. Presented annually by Swedish Film Institute, the awards honors excellence in cinematic achievements in the Swedish film industry. It is described as the most prestigious in Sweden and the Swedish equivalent of the Academy Awards. Winners are awarded a statuette depicting a rose chafer, hence the name.

The first awards was presented in 1964 at Grand Hôtel in Stockholm. The awards was first televised in 1981 on SVT2, and has since then been broadcast, almost every year, on national channels SVT1, SVT2, or TV4.
Liu Chengyou
Liu Chengyou (Chinese: 劉承祐) (28 March 931 – 2 January 951), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Yin of Later Han (後漢隱帝), was the second and last emperor of the Later Han dynasty of China, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He reigned from 948 until his death in 951.

Liu Chengyou was only 16 years old when he succeeded his father Liu Zhiyuan (Emperor Gaozu), who died abruptly. His reign was marked by the arbitrary killing of his important ministers, which eventually led to his downfall. When he killed the entire family of general Guo Wei without Guo in 951, Guo's army attacked the capital, and Liu Chengyou was killed in the chaos.

There is a reference to Liu Chengyou as "Liu Chenghan" in the epitaph of Liu Zhiyuan, son of his cousin Liu Yun. Liu Chengyou may thus have changed his name on his accession as emperor.

Later Han (Five Dynasties)
Han, known as the Later Han (simplified Chinese: 后汉; traditional Chinese: 後漢; pinyin: Hòu Hàn) in historiography, was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that existed from 947 to 951. It was the fourth of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history, and the third consecutive Shatuo-led Chinese dynasty, although other sources indicate that the Later Han emperors claimed patrilineal Han ancestry. It was among the shortest-lived of all Chinese regimes, lasting for slightly under four years before it was overthrown by a rebellion that resulted in the founding of the Later Zhou dynasty. Remnants of the Later Han then founded the Northern Han dynasty.
Parathyroid disease
Many conditions are associated with disorders of the function of the parathyroid gland. Some disorders may be purely anatomical resulting in an enlarged gland which will raise concern. Such benign disorders, such as parathyroid cyst, are not discussed here.  Parathyroid diseases can be divided into those causing hyperparathyroidism, and those causing hypoparathyroidism.

Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction), and several other symptoms. It is a very rare disease. The condition can be inherited, but it is also encountered after thyroid or parathyroid gland surgery, and it can be caused by immune system-related damage as well as several rarer causes. The diagnosis is made with blood tests, and other investigations such as genetic testing, depending on the results. The primary treatment of hypoparathyroidism is calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Calcium replacement or vitamin D can ameliorate the symptoms but can increase the risk of kidney stones and chronic kidney disease. Additionally, medications such as recombinant human parathyroid hormone or teriparatide may be given by injection to replace the missing hormone.
Satrubhanja
Satrubhanja (Odia : ଶତ୍ରୁଭଞ୍ଜ) was a king who belonged to the Vindhyatabi branch of Nagavanshi rulers that ruled from Keonjhar district of Odisha in the early 4th century CE (possibly between 261 CE to 340 CE). The era of Satrubhanja belongs to the pre Gupta rise as an imperial power in India when the other ruling of India joined hands with his leadership to overthrow the ruling Devaputras of Pataliputra, also otherwise known as Kushan rulers to the modern historians. The Asanapat village dancing Nataraja Shiva inscription in Sanskrit Language with Post Brahmi or early Kalinga script of Satrubhanja provides a great deal of details about his achievements as a conqueror and spiritual man. The inscription is of thirteen lines which is written partly in verse and partly in prose.

Nagas of Padmavati
The Naga (IAST: Nāga) dynasty ruled parts of north-central India during the 3rd and the 4th centuries, after the decline of the Kushan Empire and before the rise of the Gupta Empire. Its capital was located at Padmavati, which is identified with modern Pawaya in Gwalior City, in Madhya Pradesh. Modern historians identify it with the family that is called Bharashiva (IAST: Bhāraśiva) in the records of the Vakataka dynasty.

According to the Puranic texts as well as numismatic evidence, dynasties known as the Nagas also ruled at Vidisha, Kantipuri, and Mathura. All these Naga dynasties may have been different branches of a single family, or may have been a single family that ruled from different capitals at different times. No concrete conclusions can be drawn regarding this based on the available historical evidence.
Willis R. Whitney
Willis Rodney Whitney (August 22, 1868 – January 9, 1958) was an American chemist and founder of the research laboratory of the General Electric Company. He is known as the "father of industrial research" in the United States for blending the worlds of research and industry together; which at the time, were two very distinct careers. He is also known for his corrosion theory of iron which he developed after studying at M.I.T. and the University of Leipzig. Whitney was also a professor at M.I.T. for some time before his career transition into research directing. He received many awards, including the Willard Gibbs medal, the Franklin medal, the Perkin medal, the Edison medal, the John Fritz medal, the Chandler medal, and many others. He was an astute believer in researching and experimenting for pleasure and voiced his belief at various science conferences.

William D. Coolidge
William David Coolidge (/ˈkuːlɪdʒ/; October 23, 1873 – February 3, 1975) was an American physicist and engineer, who made major contributions to X-ray machines. He was the director of the General Electric Research Laboratory and a vice-president of the corporation. He was also famous for the development of "ductile tungsten", which is important for the incandescent light bulb.
Duluth pack
A Duluth pack or Poirier pack is a traditional portage pack used in canoe travel, particularly in the Boundary Waters region of northern Minnesota and the Quetico Provincial Park  of Ontario.  It is a specialized type of backpack that is designed to fit in the bottom of canoes. Originally known as the "Poirier pack" or "Poirier pack-sack" (for its inventor, Camille Poirier), the pack style later became known as the "Duluth pack", as its original, eponymous manufacturing company is located in Duluth, Minnesota.

Canoe
A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles.

In British English, the term canoe can also refer to a kayak, whereas canoes are then called Canadian or open canoes to distinguish them from kayaks. However, for official competition purposes, the American distinction between a kayak and a canoe is almost always adopted. At the Olympics, both conventions are used: under the umbrella terms Canoe Slalom and Canoe Sprint, there are separate events for canoes and kayaks.
Timeline of fluid and continuum mechanics
This timeline describes the major developments, both experimental and theoretical understanding of fluid mechanics and continuum mechanics. This timeline includes developments in:

Theoretical models of hydrostatics, hydrodynamics and aerodynamics.

Hydraulics

Elasticity

Mechanical waves and acoustics

Valves and fluidics

Gas laws

Turbulence modeling

Plasticity and rheology

Quantum fluids like Bose–Einstein condensates and superfluidity

Microfluidics

Turbulence modeling
In fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling is the construction and use of a mathematical model to predict the effects of turbulence. Turbulent flows are commonplace in most real-life scenarios. In spite of decades of research, there is no analytical theory to predict the evolution of these turbulent flows. The equations governing turbulent flows can only be solved directly for simple cases of flow. For most real-life turbulent flows, CFD simulations use turbulent models to predict the evolution of turbulence. These turbulence models are simplified constitutive equations that predict the statistical evolution of turbulent flows.
History of Tokyo Verdy
The history of Tokyo Verdy, a Japanese football club founded in 1969, can be divided into two main periods: the first, from its foundation until 1992, during which the club, named Yomiuri Football Club and operating under amateur status, established itself as one of the most important entities in the Japanese football context by adopting innovative business strategies and winning a large number of national trophies. The second, in which the team, after turning professional under the name Verdy Kawasaki and an initial period of success, experienced a decline in results due to a series of unsuccessful business decisions (including a change of venue in 2001, which resulted in the club being renamed Tokyo Verdy).

Japanese football league system
The Japanese football league system is a series of interconnected leagues for men's association football clubs in Japan. It is organized in a pyramidal shape similar to football league systems in many other countries around the world. The leagues are bound by the principle of promotion and relegation; however, there are stringent criteria for promotion from the JFL to J3, which demands a club being backed by the town itself including the local government, a community of fans and corporate sponsors rather than a parent company or a corporation.
BMW R1150R
The BMW R1150R is a standard (or roadster) motorcycle made by BMW Motorrad. It was in production from 2001 through 2005, the successor to the R 1100 R that had been discontinued in 1999. The R 1150 R was marketed as a road going motorcycle suited for general commuting as well as sports touring. In 2006 it was succeeded by the R 1200 R.

Compared to the related R 1150 RT touring motorcycle, the R 1150 RS sport-touring bike, and the R 1150 GS dual-sport (or adventure) bike, the R or 'roadster' version was the non-specialist, aimed at the 'all-rounder' niche, emphasizing balanced traits, and versatility. It had a Telelever front suspension, and a Paralever rear. Antilock brakes were an option.

History of BMW motorcycles
BMW's motorcycle history began in 1921 when the company commenced manufacturing engines for other companies. BMW's own motorcycles—sold under the BMW Motorrad brand—began in 1923 with the BMW R 32, which was powered by a flat-twin engine (also called a "boxer-twin" engine). Production of motorcycles with flat-twin engines continues to this day, however BMW has also produced many models with other types of engines.
Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi
Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi (25 March 1932 – 2 March 2023) was an Indian judge who was the 26th Chief Justice of India. After serving as a judge in the Gujarat High Court, Ahmadi was appointed judge to the Supreme Court in 1988. He was Chief Justice of India from 1994 to 1997. He served as chancellor at the Aligarh Muslim University for two terms.

Chief Justice of India
The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India and the highest-ranking officer of the Indian judiciary. The Constitution of India grants power to the president of India to appoint the chief justice, as recommended by the outgoing chief justice in consultation with other judges of the Supreme Court.The chief justice serves until the age of 65 or if removed early by the constitutional process of impeachment. The chief justice ranks sixth in the Order of precedence in India. As head of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and other administrative functions of the Court.

Surya Kant is the incumbent and 53rd chief justice of India, and was appointed on 24th November 2025.
Cartoon Network: Block Party
Cartoon Network: Block Party is a 2004 arcade-style party game released for Game Boy Advance, developed by American studios Monkeystone Games and One Man Band LLC, and published by Majesco Sales. It features characters from Cartoon Network original animated series such as Johnny Bravo, Ed, Edd n Eddy, Courage the Cowardly Dog, and Cow and Chicken. Critical reception was mostly negative.

Majesco
Majesco Games Corporation (formerly Majesco Sales Inc. and Majesco Entertainment Company) is an American video game publisher and distributor based in Hazlet, New Jersey. The company was founded as Majesco Sales in Edison, New Jersey in 1986, and was a privately held company until acquiring operation-less company ConnectivCorp in a reverse merger takeover, becoming its subsidiary and thus a public company on December 5, 2003. ConnectivCorp later changed its name to Majesco Holdings Inc. on April 13, 2004.

On December 1, 2016, Majesco Entertainment was acquired by PolarityTE, Inc., a biotech company, in another reverse merger takeover, because of which it formally ceased all video game operations on December 8, 2016. In mid-2017, chief executive officer Jesse Sutton re-acquired the company through a management buyout and continued operating it privately held. On January 15, 2018, Liquid Media Group announced the acquisition of Majesco.
Bea Franklin
Elizabeth Franklin (born October 4, 2000) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Chicago Stars FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She played college soccer for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and the Arkansas Razorbacks before being drafted by the Red Stars in the 2024 NWSL Draft. A former two-sport athlete, she also played for the Arkansas Razorbacks basketball team in her final year of college.

Arkansas Razorbacks women's soccer
The Arkansas Razorbacks women's soccer team represents the University of Arkansas in the Southeastern Conference of NCAA Division I soccer. The program was founded in 1986, and is currently led by Colby Hale, in his twelfth season. Under Hale's direction, the team has made it to the NCAA Tournament ten times in his twelve seasons (Arkansas' first ever appearances in the tournament), and has won the SEC regular season championship five times, to include 2025.
Charles Waldo
Charles Waldo (December 16, 1819 – November 2, 1909) was an American millwright, woodworker, politician, and pioneer of Wisconsin and California.  He served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Marquette and Waushara counties during the 1851 term.

Marquette County, Wisconsin
Marquette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,592. Its county seat is Montello. The county was created in 1836 from the Wisconsin Territory and organized in 1848. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
AI effect
The AI effect is the discounting of the behavior of an artificial intelligence program as not "real" intelligence.

The author Pamela McCorduck writes: "It's part of the history of the field of artificial intelligence that every time somebody figured out how to make a computer do something—play good checkers, solve simple but relatively informal problems—there was a chorus of critics to say, 'that's not thinking'."

Researcher Rodney Brooks stated: "Every time we figure out a piece of it, it stops being magical; we say, 'Oh, that's just a computation.'"

Pamela McCorduck
Pamela Ann McCorduck (October 27, 1940 – October 18, 2021) was a British-born American author of books about the history and philosophical significance of artificial intelligence, the future of engineering, and the role of women and technology. She also wrote three novels. She contributed to Omni, The New York Times, Daedalus, and the Michigan Quarterly Review, and was a contributing editor of Wired. She was a former vice president of the PEN American Center. She was married to computer scientist and academic Joseph F. Traub.
Marisol Touraine
Marisol Touraine (French: [maʁisɔl tuʁɛn]; born 7 March 1959) is a French politician who served as Minister of Social Affairs and Health under Prime Ministers Jean-Marc Ayrault, Manuel Valls, and Bernard Cazeneuve.

Jean-Marc Ayrault
Jean-Marc Joseph Marcel Ayrault (French: [ʒɑ̃maʁk eʁo]; born 25 January 1950) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 15 May 2012 to 31 March 2014. He later was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2017. He previously was Mayor of Nantes from 1989 to 2012 and led the Socialist Party group in the National Assembly from 1997 to 2012.
Obuasi (Ghana parliament constituency)
The Obuasi Constituency was a constituency in the Obuasi Municipal District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. In 2003, the Electoral Commission of Ghana, created 30 new constituencies in the  country by dividing certain already existing ones. With the Obuasi constituency, it was split into the Obuasi and Akrofuom with Obuasi and Akrofuom as their headquarters. The Obuasi constituency was further split in 2011 into the Obuasi West and Obuasi East constituencies.

Obuasi East (Ghana parliament constituency)
Obuasi East is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Patrick Boakye-Yiadom is the member of parliament for the constituency. He was elected on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) won a majority of 27,715 votes to become the MP
Roman Busargin
Roman Viktorovich Busargin (Russian: Роман Викторович Бусаргин; born 29 July 1981) is a Russian politician serving as the Governor of Saratov Oblast since 16 September 2022. He succeeded Valery Radayev.

Governor of Saratov Oblast
The Governor of Saratov Oblast (Russian: Губернатор Саратовской области) is the head of government of Saratov Oblast, a federal subject of Russia.

The position was introduced in 1991 as Head of Administration. The title of office was changed to Governor after Dmitry Ayatskov won the 1996 election.