hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Young Ladies Radio League
The Young Ladies Radio League (YLRL) is an international non-profit organization of women amateur radio enthusiasts.  It was founded in 1939 and is affiliated with the American Radio Relay League.  The term "Young Lady" derives from a Morse code abbreviation, YL, that is used to refer to female amateur radio operators, regardless of age. (As male operators of any age are addressed as OM or "old man", the non-licensed spouse of an OM is often called an XYL.)

The Young Ladies' Radio League welcomes all licensed amateur radio women as members.  The YLRL is organized into 10 districts in the United States (that correspond to the 10 amateur radio call sign districts), a district for Canada, and a "DX" district that covers the rest of the world.  The YLRL holds a tri-annual convention at various locations.

Amateur radio operator
An amateur radio operator is someone who uses equipment at an amateur radio station to engage in two-way personal communications with other amateur operators on radio frequencies assigned to the amateur radio service. Amateur radio operators have been granted an amateur radio license by a governmental regulatory authority after passing an examination on applicable regulations, electronics, radio theory, and radio operation. As a component of their license, amateur radio operators are assigned a call sign that they use to identify themselves during communication. About three million amateur radio operators are currently active worldwide.

Amateur radio operators are also known as radio amateurs or hams. The term "ham" as a nickname for amateur radio operators originated in a pejorative usage (like "ham actor") by operators in commercial and professional radio communities, and dates to wired telegraphy. The word was, in the 1920s, adopted by amateur radio operators.
Scottish Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
The Scottish Mixed Doubles Curling Championship is the national curling championship for mixed doubles in Scotland. The Championship has been held annually since 2007 and the winners proceed to represent Scotland at the World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship.

The 2019 champions were Gina Aitken and Scott Andrews, who went through the 12-team 2018 Championships undefeated with Duncan Menzies filling in for an injured Andrews. At the 2019 World Mixed Doubles Championship they finished the round robin with a 6-1 record before losing in the first round of the playoffs to Estonia.

The 2020 Mixed Doubles Championship was held 27 February - 1 March, 2020 at the Dewars Centre in Perth.

In 2022, Eve Muirhead and Bobby Lammie went undefeated through the entire championship, beating Jennifer Dodds and Bruce Mouat in the final 9-2 after 5 ends.

Bruce Mouat
Bruce Mouat (/ˈmaʊət/; born 27 August 1994 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish curler from Stirling. He currently skips his own team out of the Gogar Park Curling Club. Mouat has led his team to two world championship titles in 2023 and 2025, four European championship titles (2018, 2021, 2022 and 2023) and twelve Grand Slam titles. He also earned two silver medals in the men's team event of the Winter Olympics (2022, 2026). He is a former World Mixed Doubles (2021), Winter Universiade (2017) and World Junior (2016) champion.
The Hitavada
The Hitavada is an English daily newspaper circulating mainly in Central parts of India. Founded in 1911 by freedom fighter Gopal Krishna Gokhale in Nagpur, the newspaper was taken over by Purohit and Company, owned by Banwarilal Purohit, the former Bharatiya Janata Party MP from Nagpur and former Governor of Punjab. In 2011, it completed its 100 years and celebrated its centenary festival which was inaugurated by Pratibha Patil, then President of India.

Banwarilal Purohit
Banwarilal Purohit (born 16 April 1940) is an Indian politician. He was the former Governor of Punjab, India and Administrator of Chandigarh from September 2021 to July 2024, Governor of Tamil Nadu from 2017 to 2021, and  Governor of Assam from 2016 to 2017. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was a Member of Parliament from the Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency) three times, twice as an Indian National Congress member, once as a BJP member.
Bus Éireann
Bus Éireann (Irish pronunciation: [ˌbˠɔsˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Irish Bus") is a state-owned bus and coach operator providing services throughout Ireland, with the exception of Dublin, where bus services are provided by sister company Dublin Bus. It is a subsidiary of Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ). The company's primary hub is Busáras, located in Store Street, Dublin. In 2022 it operated 229 Public Service Obligation Routes, 14 expressway routes and 8940 school transport routes.

Dunshaughlin
Dunshaughlin (Irish: Dún Seachlainn, meaning 'the fort of Seachlainn' or locally Irish: Domhnach Seachnaill, meaning 'St Seachnall's Church') is a town in County Meath, Ireland. A commuter town for nearby Dublin, Dunshaughlin more than tripled in population (from 2,139 to 6,644 inhabitants) between the 1996 and 2022 censuses. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
Harold Fletcher (botanist)
Harold Roy Fletcher, FRSE (14 April 1907 – 27 August 1978) was an English botanist and horticulturist. He was Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, from 1956 to 1970 and Her Majesty's Botanist from 1966 to 1978. As an author, he is known as H.R. Fletcher.

His Majesty's Botanist
His Majesty's Botanist is a member of the Royal household in Scotland.

The office was created in 1699, and from 1768 until 1956 it was combined with the office of Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, who also held the post of Regius Professor of Botany at the University of Edinburgh. Since then the office of HM Botanist has been honorary, but conferred on a serving or retired Regius Keeper.
Gmina Tuplice
Gmina Tuplice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Tuplice, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) west of Żary and 55 km (34 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra.

The gmina covers an area of 65.89 square kilometres (25.4 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 3,066.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Muskau Bend Landscape Park.

Muskau Bend Landscape Park
Muskau Bend Landscape Park (Park Krajobrazowy Łuk Mużakowa) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in western Poland, established in 2001, covering an area of 182.00 square kilometres (70.27 sq mi).

The Park lies within Lubusz Voivodeship, in Żary County (Łęknica, Gmina Brody, Gmina Przewóz, Gmina Trzebiel, Gmina Tuplice).
Bogner Amplification
Bogner Amplification is an American guitar amplifier manufacturing company founded by Reinhold Bogner in 1989 in Los Angeles, California. Bogner began by custom-building boutique amplifiers based on classic Fenders and Marshalls, and now offers different models of serially produced amplifiers.

Boutique amplifier
Boutique amplifier is a catch-all descriptor for any type of instrument amplifier that is typically hand built with the intention of being much better than the mass-produced variety offered by large companies. In the majority of cases, this is reflected in the price. Sometimes they are clones of older designs, often with minor improvements or alterations in layout or circuit design; sometimes they are new designs altogether.

The boutique term are also used among effect pedals, such as the manufacturer Analog Man.
Tori (Georgia)
Tori (Georgian: თორი [t̪ʰo̞ɾi]) is a historic region in central Georgia, now part of the Samtskhe-Javakheti region, together with Javakheti and Meskheti. It borders on Trialeti to the east, Imereti to the northwest and Shida Kartli to the northeast. The province chiefly lay in what is now known as the Borjomi Gorge. In medieval Georgia, Tori was in hereditary possession of the Gamrekeli (Toreli) family. The name "Tori" went obsolete in the 15th century. Around the same time, it became a hereditary fiefdom of the Avalishvili family.

House of Toreli
The House of Toreli (Georgian: თორელი), earlier known as the Gamrekeli (გამრეკელი), was a noble family in medieval Georgia, known from the 10th century and prominent into the 14th. The dynastic name "Toreli" is derived from the territorial epithet, literally meaning "of Tori", a historic district and the family's original fiefdom in south-central Georgia.
Albert K. Cohen
Albert Kircidel Cohen (June 15, 1918 – November 25, 2014) was a prominent American criminologist. He is known for his Subcultural Theory of delinquent urban gangs, including his influential book Delinquent Boys: Culture of the Gang. He has served as Vice President of the American Society of Criminology from 1984–1985 and in 1993 he received the society's Edwin H. Sutherland award.

Subcultural theory
In criminology, subcultural theory emerged from the work of the Chicago School on gangs and developed through the symbolic interactionism school into a set of theories arguing that certain groups or subcultures in society have values and attitudes that are conducive to crime and violence. The primary focus is on juvenile delinquency because theorists believe that if this pattern of offending can be understood and controlled, it will break the transition from teenage offender into habitual criminal. Some of the theories are functionalist, assuming that criminal activity is motivated by economic needs, while others posit a social class rationale for deviance.
Three Laws of Robotics
The Three Laws of Robotics (often shortened to The Three Laws or Asimov's Laws) are a set of rules devised by science fiction author Isaac Asimov, which were to be followed by robots in several of his stories. The rules were introduced in his 1942 short story "Runaround" (included in the 1950 collection I, Robot), although similar restrictions had been implied in earlier stories.

Liar! (short story)
"Liar!" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It first appeared in the May 1941 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and was reprinted in the collections I, Robot (1950) and The Complete Robot (1982). It was Asimov's third published positronic robot story. Although the word "robot" was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his 1920 play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), Asimov's story "Liar!" contains the first recorded use of the word "robotics" according to the Oxford English Dictionary. The events of this short story are also mentioned in the novel The Robots of Dawn written by the same author.
S19 (ZVV)
The S19 is a regional railway line of the S-Bahn Zürich on the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV), Zürich transportation network.

At Zürich HB, trains of the S19 service usually depart from underground tracks (Gleis) 31–34 (Löwenstrasse station).

Pfäffikon ZH railway station
Pfäffikon ZH (German: Bahnhof Pfäffikon ZH) is a railway station in the municipality of Pfäffikon in the canton of Zurich (ZH), Switzerland. The station is located on the Effretikon to Hinwil railway line, within fare zone 135 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).
Kalanchoe pinnata
Kalanchoe pinnata, commonly known as cathedral bells, air plant, life plant, miracle leaf, and love bush, is a succulent plant native to Madagascar. It is a popular houseplant and has become naturalized in tropical and subtropical areas. The species is distinctive for the profusion of miniature plantlets that form on the margins of its leaves, a trait it has in common with some other members of Bryophyllum (now included in Kalanchoe).

Talicada nyseus
Talicada nyseus, the red Pierrot, is a small but striking butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and South-East Asia belonging to the lycaenids, or blues family. The red Pierrots, often found perching on its larva host plant, Kalanchoe, are usually noticed due to their striking patterns and colors.
Barbora Palicová
Barbora Palicová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbarbora ˈpalɪtsovaː]; born 11 March 2004) is a Czech tennis player. She has a career-high WTA ranking of 171 in singles, achieved on 16 June 2025.

Palicová made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2021 Prague Open, where she received a wildcard into the doubles tournament. She made her singles main-draw debut at the 2022 Prague Open, losing in the first round to Lucie Havlíčková. Given a wildcard entry into the 2025 Prague Open, Palicová defeated Priscilla Hon for her first WTA Tour main-draw win, before losing to Jessika Ponchet in the second round.

2022 Prague Open – Singles
Marie Bouzková defeated Anastasia Potapova in the final, 6–0, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Prague Open. It was her maiden WTA Tour title.

Barbora Krejčíková was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Nao Hibino.
Rich Umphrey
Richard Vernon Umphrey III (born December 13, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL). He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants (1982–1984) and the San Diego Chargers (1985). He graduated from Tustin High School in Tustin, California and went on to play at the University of Colorado at Boulder.  He was selected in the fifth round of the 1982 NFL draft by the New York Giants as the starting center.  He played three seasons for the Giants before being traded in 1985 to the San Diego Chargers.

He is married to Jackie and father to Justin and Noel Umphrey, a water polo player for UCLA.

Tustin, California
Tustin is a city in Orange County, California, United States, within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. In 2020, Tustin had a population of 80,276. The city does not include the unincorporated community of North Tustin.
Flag of Friesland
The flag of Friesland (West Frisian: Flagge fan Fryslân; Dutch: Vlag Fryslân) is the official flag of the Dutch province of Friesland. The flag was officially adopted by the provincial executive of Friesland on 9 July 1957.

It consists of four blue and three white diagonal stripes; in the white stripes are a total of seven red seeblatts (or pompeblêden, as they are called in West Frisian), leaves of the yellow water-lily, that may resemble hearts, but according to the official instructions "should not be heart-shaped".

The Frisian flag is probably the best known and most recognizable Dutch provincial flag. It flies abundantly during (inter)national skating competitions and is also used by one of the largest and oldest dairy producers. Moreover, the design is the basis of the home jerseys of the football clubs SC Heerenveen and the Blauhúster Dakkapel.

SC Heerenveen
Sportclub Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈspɔrtklʏp ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn]; West Frisian: Sportklub It Hearrenfean) is a Dutch professional football club from Heerenveen. They currently play in the Eredivisie, the top level of football in the Netherlands. The club is known for its Frisian identity.
McKinley High School (Canton, Ohio)
McKinley Senior High School is a public high school in Canton, Ohio, United States. It is the only secondary school in the Canton City School District and has two campuses:  Downtown Campus (mostly known as Early College High School or Timken High School) and the main campus, which is known as McKinley Senior High School. Athletic teams compete as the Canton McKinley Bulldogs in the Ohio High School Athletic Association as a member of the Federal League.

Jamar Martin
Jamar Martin (born April 12, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins, and New York Jets. He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes.
Bandwidth expansion
Bandwidth expansion is a technique for widening the bandwidth or the resonances in an LPC filter. This is done by moving all the poles towards the origin by a constant factor . The bandwidth-expanded filter  can be easily derived from the original filter  by:

Let  be expressed as:

The bandwidth-expanded filter can be expressed as:

In other words, each coefficient  in the original filter is simply multiplied by  in the bandwidth-expanded filter. The simplicity of this transformation makes it attractive, especially in CELP coding of speech, where it is often used for the perceptual noise weighting and/or to stabilize the LPC analysis. However, when it comes to stabilizing the LPC analysis, lag windowing is often preferred to bandwidth expansion.

Lag windowing
Lag windowing is a technique that consists of  windowing the autocorrelation coefficients prior to estimating linear prediction coefficients (LPC). The windowing in the autocorrelation domain has the same effect as a convolution (smoothing) in the power spectral domain and helps in stabilizing the result of the Levinson-Durbin algorithm. The window function is typically a Gaussian function.
La Tomatina
La Tomatina is a Spanish festival in Buñol, Spain where participants throw tomatoes at each other. It is said to be the biggest food fight in the world. From the festival's origin as a food fight between friends in the 1940s, it has become a famous tourist attraction. Until 2013 there was no limit to the number of participants; in 2013 the festival became a ticketed event for no more than 20,000, so as not to overwhelm Buñol's population of about 9,000 people.

Buñol
Buñol is a town and municipality in the province of Valencia, Spain. The municipality has an area of some 112 km2, and is situated approximately 38 km west of the provincial and autonomous community capital city, Valencia. It lies along the Buñol River and is surrounded by the mountain ranges La Sierra de Las Cabrillas, la Sierra de Dos Aguas and la Sierra de Malacara y Martés.

The local economic base is a mixture of the industrial and the agricultural (carob trees, almond trees, fruit trees, olive trees and grapes).

Buñol's population is about 9,000.

Buñol has regional rail passenger service to Valencia via the Renfe system.

Every year upwards of 40,000 people gather in the town to throw over 115,000 kilograms of tomatoes at each other in the yearly La Tomatina festival. The festival is a popular sight, and many European tourists visit the town to participate in it.

Near the town are the training grounds and facilities of football club Levante UD.
Lizzie Bright and the Buckminster Boy
Children and Young Adult Literature portal

Lizzie Bright and the Buckminster Boy is a young adult historical novel by Gary D. Schmidt published by Clarion Books in 2004. The book received the Newbery Honor in 2005 and was selected as a Michael L. Printz Honor that same year.

The book was based on a real event. In 1912, the government of Maine put the residents of Malaga Island in a mental hospital and tore up their homes.

Gary D. Schmidt
Gary David Schmidt (born April 14, 1957) is an American author of children's and young adults' fiction books. He currently resides in Alto, Michigan, where he is a professor emeritus of English at Calvin University.
Lessons in Love (All Day, All Night)
"Lessons in Love (All Day, All Night)" is a song by American rock band Neon Trees from the second studio album, Picture Show, featuring American DJ and record producer Kaskade. Written by Tyler Glenn, Branden Campbell, Elaine Bradley, Chris Allen, Ryan Raddon, Finn Bjarnson, and John Hancock, the song was produced by Justin Meldal-Johnsen, Kaskade, Chris Salzgeber, and Randi Wilens. "Lessons in Love (All Day, All Night)" was announced as the album's second single and released on September 4, 2012.

Neon Trees
Neon Trees are an American rock band founded in Provo, Utah. The band received nationwide exposure in late 2008 when they opened several North American tour dates for the band the Killers. Not long after, the band was signed by Mercury Records. Their first single, "Animal", climbed to No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the Alternative Songs chart.

Since their formation, Neon Trees has released five studio albums: Habits (2010), Picture Show (2012), Pop Psychology (2014), I Can Feel You Forgetting Me (2020), and Sink Your Teeth (2024). The band has also released eight EPs (two exclusive to iTunes) and fourteen singles.
Saudasjøen
Saudasjøen is a village in Sauda Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located along the northern coast of the Saudafjorden about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) southwest of the town of Sauda. For statistical purposes it is considered a part of the urban area of the town of Sauda. The village is mostly a bedroom community for the nearby town of Sauda. There are some small industries in Saudasjøen as well as the Saudasjøen Chapel. County Road 520 runs through the village along the shore of the fjord.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Mayoral elections in Syracuse, New York
Elections are held in Syracuse, New York, to choose the city's mayor. Currently, these elections are regularly scheduled to be held once every four years, with the elections taking place in the off-year immediately after United States presidential election years. The current mayor of Syracuse is Sharon Owens, who assumed office in 2026.

Stephanie Miner
Stephanie Ann Miner (born April 30, 1970) is an American attorney and politician who served as the mayor of Syracuse, New York, from 2010 to 2018, the first woman to have held that office. Prior to her mayoralty, she was a member of the Syracuse City Council. Miner co-chaired the New York State Democratic Party from 2012 to 2014. In 2018, Miner ran unsuccessfully for governor of New York on the newly-created Serve America Movement line.
Flower Drum Song (film)
Flower Drum Song is a 1961 American musical film directed by Henry Koster, adapted from the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Flower Drum Song, premiered on Broadway in 1958, which in turn was based on the 1957 novel by Chinese American author Chin Yang Lee. The film stars Nancy Kwan, James Shigeta, Miyoshi Umeki, Jack Soo, Benson Fong and Juanita Hall. It was nominated for five Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.

Flower Drum Song became the first major Hollywood feature film to have a majority Asian-American cast in a contemporary Asian-American story. It would be the last film to do so for more than 30 years, until The Joy Luck Club (1993). In 2008, Flower Drum Song was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Miyoshi Umeki
Miyoshi Umeki (梅木 美代志, Umeki Miyoshi; or ミヨシ・ウメキ Miyoshi Umeki, May 8, 1929 – August 28, 2007) was a Japanese American singer and actress. She was nominated for the Tony Award and Golden Globe Award and was the first East Asia-born woman to win an Academy Award for acting.
Branch River (New Hampshire)
The Branch River is an 11.9-mile (19.2 km) long river located in eastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Salmon Falls River, part of the Piscataqua River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.

The river begins at the outlet of Lovell Lake at Sanbornville, a village in the town of Wakefield, New Hampshire. The river turns south, paralleling New Hampshire Route 16, passes through the village of Union, and turns southeast to reach the Salmon Falls River in Northeast Pond, within the town of Milton.

A significant tributary is Jones Brook.

Union, New Hampshire
Union is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Wakefield, Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. It had a population of 196 at the 2020 census.

Union has a separate ZIP code (03887) from the rest of the town of Wakefield.