hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2024 Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament (branded as the 2024 Pac-12 Men's Basketball Tournament presented by Acura for sponsorship reasons) was a postseason men's basketball tournament for the Pac-12 Conference held March 13–16, 2024, at T-Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The winner of the tournament, Oregon, received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Following conference realignments in which the Pac-12 lost most of the teams except for Washington State and Oregon State, there were no men's basketball conference tournaments in 2025 and 2026. The conference planned to play a 2027 tournament.

2023–24 Oregon Ducks men's basketball team
The 2023–24 Oregon Ducks men's basketball team represented the University of Oregon during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ducks, led by 14th-year head coach Dana Altman, played their home games at Matthew Knight Arena as members of the Pac–12 Conference. They were competing in the 2024 NCAA Tournament, clinching a spot after beating Colorado 75–68 in the Pac-12 Tournament final.

This was the final season the Ducks are members of the Pac-12 conference, as they will join the Big Ten Conference on July 1, 2024.
History of Philippine money
The history of Philippine money covers currency in use before the Hispanic era with gold Piloncitos and other commodities in circulation, as well as the adoption of the peso during the Hispanic era and afterwards.

The Philippine peso is ultimately derived from the Spanish peso or pieces of eight brought over in large quantities by the Manila galleons of the 16th to 19th centuries. From the same Spanish peso or dollar is derived the various pesos of Latin America, the dollars of the US and Hong Kong, as well as the Chinese yuan and the Japanese yen.

Philippine peso
The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Filipino name piso (Philippine English: /ˈpɛsɔː/ PEH-saw, /ˈpiː-/ PEE-, plural pesos; Filipino: piso [ˈpisɔː, ˈpɪsɔː]; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 sentimo, also called centavos.

The peso has the symbol "₱", introduced during American rule in place of the original peso sign "$" used throughout Spanish America. Alternative symbols used are "PHP", "PhP", "Php", or just "P".

The monetary policy of the Philippines is conducted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), established on January 3, 1949, as its central bank. It produces the country's banknotes and coins at its Security Plant Complex, which is set to move to New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac.
Atlin Volcanic Field
The Atlin Volcanic Field, also called the Llangorse Volcanic Field and the Surprise Lake Volcanic Field, is a group of late-Pleistocene to Holocene cinder cones that lies on the Teslin Plateau east of Atlin Lake, Canada. The largest volcanic feature is the 1880-m-high Ruby Mountain, which has been partially dissected by Pleistocene and post-Wisconsin glaciation. Two basaltic cinder cones at the heads of Cracker Creek and Volcanic Creek lie within glacially dissected U-shaped valleys and may be of postglacial age.

Volcanic Creek Cone
Volcanic Creek Cone is a small cinder cone 20 kilometres (12 miles) northeast of Atlin in northwestern British Columbia. There are two cinder cones and a lava flow at least 3 kilometres (2 miles) long which is present below parts of the tree covered area. The subdued form of Volcanic Creek cone is visible directly below the largest snow patch. The cone has probably suffered through at least one glacial episode. Volcanic Creek cone is part of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province.
1908–09 WPHL season
The 1908–09 WPHL season was the ninth and final season of operation for the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League. Four Pittsburgh-area teams competed in the season, in which all games were played at the Duquesne Garden.

By 1908, the league could no longer rely on salaries as novelty to attract Canadian talent, since professionalism had spread into Canada. Many players were lured to the league since the WPHL played on the Duquesne Garden' artificial ice and was not dependent on cold weather to provide a naturally frozen surface. However, as winter began and Canadian rinks became available, the players would just return to teams closer to their Canadian homes. This jumping affected all of the league's teams. Once the Pittsburgh Lyceum team folded on December 23, it was decided to discontinue the WPHL after the season. The Duquesne Athletic Club beat the Pittsburgh Bankers in the last game of the season to win the final WPHL championship title.

Western Pennsylvania Hockey League
The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League (WPHL) was an originally amateur and later professional ice hockey league founded in 1896 and existing through 1909. Based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the league became the pre-eminent ice hockey league in the United States. It was the first league to openly hire and trade players.
Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)
Ninth Avenue, known as Columbus Avenue between West 59th and 110th Streets, is a thoroughfare on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City, New York. Traffic runs downtown (southbound) from the Upper West Side to Chelsea. Two short sections of Ninth Avenue also exist in the Inwood neighborhood, carrying two-way traffic.

110th Street (Manhattan)
110th Street is a street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is also known as Central Park North. In the west, between Central Park West/Frederick Douglass Boulevard and Riverside Drive, it is also known as Cathedral Parkway.
Alabama State Route 110
State Route 110 (SR 110) is a 32.257-mile-long (51.913 km) state highway in the central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. The western terminus of the highway is at an intersection with SR 126 within sight of the Interstate 85 (I-85) and U.S. Route 80 (US 80) interchange in the eastern part of Montgomery. The eastern terminus of the highway is at an intersection with US 82 west of Union Springs, Alabama.

U.S. Route 82 in Alabama
U.S. Route 82 in Alabama runs northwest to southeast across the northwestern and central Alabama for 240.080 miles (386.371 km). The route enters from Mississippi east of Columbus, Mississippi and exits into Georgia across the Chattahoochee River at Eufaula.
Central Black Earth Nature Reserve
The Central Tsernozemny Nature Reserve (Russian: Центрально-Чернозёмный заповедник; also Tsentralno-Chernozemny, or CCZ; English: lit. "Central Black Soil") is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict ecological reserve) that protects for scientific study a collection of selected sites of black soil prairie in the southwestern part of the Central Uplands within the middle of the forest-steppe zone.  The six sites of the reserve spread out to the southeast of the city of Kursk, in the Medvensky District, Manturovsky District, Gorshechensky District of Kursk Oblast.  It covers an area of 5,287 ha (20.41 sq mi).

Zapovednik
A zapovednik is an established term on the territory of the former Soviet Union for a protected area which is kept "forever wild". It is the highest degree of environmental protection for the assigned areas, which are strictly protected. Access to the public is restricted.
1949 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1949 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1949 college football season. The Tar Heels were led by seventh-year head coach Carl Snavely and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as members of the Southern Conference, winning the conference title with a perfect 5–0 conference record.

Halfback Charlie Justice was named an All-American and finished second in voting for the Heisman Trophy for the second consecutive year. He led the team in rushing, passing, and punting for the fourth consecutive year, with 377 rushing yards, 731 passing yards, and 2,777 punting yards. Art Weiner again joined him as an All-American end, being voted first-team by United Press, Sporting News, and INS. Kenny Powell was selected as a first-team defensive end All-American by NEA.

Kenan Stadium
Kenan Stadium (formerly Kenan Memorial Stadium) is a college football stadium located on Stadium Drive in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Opened in 1927, it is home to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's (UNC) football team, which competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The facility replaced Emerson Field, where the school's football program had been based since 1916. Plans for the stadium began as attendance increased. Ground was broken on the stadium in December 1926 and work completed in August 1927. The stadium hosted its first game on November 12, 1927, when the Tar Heels faced the Davidson Wildcats, where the Tar Heels won 27–0 in front of 9,000 spectators. On November 24, 1927, the stadium was officially opened and dedicated during a game where the Tar Heels hosted the Virginia Cavaliers and won 14–13.
2011 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 2011 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy as an independent in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Midshipmen were led by fourth-year head coach Ken Niumatalolo and played their home games at Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium. They finished the season 5–7.

2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

The regular season began on September 1, 2011, and ended on December 10, 2011. The postseason concluded on January 9, 2012, with the BCS National Championship Game at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The No. 2 Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the No. 1 LSU Tigers 21–0.  For the first time since 2007, and for only the third time in the Bowl Championship Series era, no team from an automatic-qualifying BCS conference finished the season with an undefeated record.
Uniti (automobile)
Uniti was an electric vehicle prototype by Uniti Sweden, a Swedish automotive startup. The company was founded in January 2016 by a team of students and engineers under CEO Lewis Horne which aimed at developing an electric microcar in Lund, Sweden. It filed for bankruptcy in April 2022. No products were ever delivered to customers.

Uniti started as an open innovation project at Lund University and became an independent startup in January 2016. The company focused on delivering a climate neutral lightweight electric microcar with high-end digital features.

The company was initially funded through a series of crowdfunding campaigns, angel investors and institutional investors. The company had over 3000 investors from 40 countries. The company also conducted vehicle pre-order campaigns at Media Markt locations in Stockholm and Malmö, with VR test-drives available.

Quadricycle (EU vehicle classification)
The quadricycle is a European Union vehicle category for four-wheeled microcars, which allows these vehicles to be designed to less stringent requirements when compared to regular cars. Quadricycles are defined by limitations in terms of weight, engine power and speed.

There are two categories of quadricycles: light quadricycles (L6e) and heavy quadricycles (L7e).
Apache Iceberg
Apache Iceberg is a high performance open-source format for large analytic tables. Iceberg enables the use of SQL tables for big data while making it possible for engines like Spark, Trino, Flink, Presto, Hive, Impala, StarRocks, Doris, and Pig to safely work with the same tables, at the same time. Iceberg is released under the Apache License. Iceberg addresses the performance and usability challenges of Apache Hive tables in large and demanding data lake environments. Vendors currently supporting Apache Iceberg tables include Buster, CelerData, Cloudera, Crunchy Data, Dremio, IBM watsonx.data, IOMETE, Oracle, Snowflake, Starburst, Tabular, AWS, Google Cloud, and Databricks.

Apache Hive
Apache Hive is a data warehouse software project. It is built on top of Apache Hadoop for providing data query and analysis. Hive gives an SQL-like interface to query data stored in various databases and file systems that integrate with Hadoop. Traditional SQL queries must be implemented in the MapReduce Java API to execute SQL applications and queries over distributed data.

Hive provides the necessary SQL abstraction to integrate SQL-like queries (HiveQL) into the underlying Java without the need to implement queries in the low-level Java API. Hive facilitates the integration of SQL-based querying languages with Hadoop, which is commonly used in data warehousing applications. While initially developed by Facebook, Apache Hive is used and developed by other companies such as Netflix and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Amazon maintains a software fork of Apache Hive included in Amazon Elastic MapReduce on Amazon Web Services.
1924 SMU Mustangs football team
The 1924 SMU Mustangs football team was an American football team that represented Southern Methodist University (SMU) as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1924 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Ray Morrison, the team compiled a 5–1–4 record (2–0–4 against SWC opponents), finished second in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 92 to 59. SMU was invited to the Dixie Classic, where they lost to West Virginia Wesleyan.

1924 West Virginia Wesleyan Bobcats football team
The 1924 West Virginia Wesleyan Bobcats football team represented West Virginia Wesleyan College as an independent during the 1924 college football season. In their fourth and final season under head coach Bob Higgins, the Bobcats compiled a 9–2 record and outscored their opponents by a total of 182 to 78. On September 27. West Virginia Wesleyan was defeated by the West Virginia Mountaineers in the first game played at the new Mountaineer Field The Bobcats were invited to the 1925 Dixie Classic, their first and only bowl game appearance in program history, where they defeated SMU, 9 to 7.
Frank Ryan (American football)
Frank Beall Ryan (July 12, 1936 – January 1, 2024) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Rams (1958–1961), Cleveland Browns (1962–1968), and Washington Redskins (1969–1970). He played college football for the Rice Owls. A three-time Pro Bowl selection with Cleveland, Ryan led the Browns to their most recent National Football League title in 1964. He was also a mathematician, serving as a faculty member at Case Western Reserve University from 1967 to 1974.

1962 Cleveland Browns season
The 1962 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 13th season with the National Football League. It was the last with Paul Brown as head coach, as Art Modell fired him on January 9, 1963. One week later, Blanton Collier was named the second head coach of the Browns.
2025 Arizona State Sun Devils football team
The 2025 Arizona State Sun Devils football team represented Arizona State University as a member of the  Big 12 Conference during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by Kenny Dillingham in his third year as their head coach. The Sun Devils played their home games at Mountain America Stadium located in Tempe, Arizona. The season was the Sun Devils' second year in the Big 12.

2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the 156th season of college football in the United States, the 120th season organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the 50th of the highest level of competition, the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The regular season began on August 23 and ended on December 13. The postseason began on December 13, and, aside from any all-star games that are scheduled, ended on January 19, 2026, with the College Football Playoff National Championship at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida.

The Indiana Hoosiers defeated the Miami Hurricanes by a score of 27-21 to claim their first national championship in school history. The Hoosiers became the first FBS team since the 1894 Yale Bulldogs to have a perfect 16-0 season. This was the second season of the 12-team College Football Playoff (CFP) system.
Personalization management system
A personalization management system (PMS) is an integrated software solution that enables users in an organization to manage and deliver personalized messages, campaigns, and interactive experiences to consumers across different communications channels and devices.

The term PMS was first used in a 2003 study on personalization, but it was later popularized by the startup Croct, which was the first company to use the term PMS to distinguish the emerging category of platforms and technologies focused on delivering personalized customer experiences. Previously, these services were typically included under the umbrella of CMS or CRM solutions, which did not adequately encapsulate the nuances of this new category.

Content management system
A content management system (CMS) is a computer software used to manage the creation and modification of digital content (content management).
It is typically used for enterprise content management (ECM) and web content management (WCM). ECM typically supports multiple users in a collaborative environment, by integrating document management, digital asset management, and record retention. Alternatively, WCM is the collaborative authoring for websites and may include text and embed graphics, photos, video, audio, maps, and program code that display content and interact with the user. ECM typically includes a WCM function.
Pete & Sam's Reality News
Pete & Sam's Reality News is a British television series, which is broadcast by Channel 4 on E4, All4, YouTube and Snapchat.

In each episode TOWIE's Pete Wicks and Made in Chelsea's Sam Thompson discuss reality television news and updates. It parodies news anchor shows, speaking solely about developments on reality TV shows. Each week the presenters are joined by guests. As of 2022, two series of the show have aired on British television.

The Only Way Is Essex
The Only Way Is Essex (often abbreviated as TOWIE /ˈtaʊi/) is a British reality television series based in Brentwood, Essex, England. It shows "real people in modified situations, saying unscripted lines but in a structured way." Broadcast on ITV2 from 2010, the series was moved to ITVBe in October 2014 and moved back to ITV2 in 2025. The first series consisted of 10 episodes and ran for 30 minutes, with a Christmas special following later in the year. Due to popularity, the runtime was extended to 45-minute episodes and renewed for a year's airing. On 22 May 2011, the series won the Audience Award at the 2011 BAFTA Awards.

On 13 March 2016, ITVBe aired a one-off documentary hosted by former cast member Mark Wright, discussing the history of the series. On 28 February 2017, with the announcement of the cast for the show's twentieth series, it was confirmed that instead of the usual three series per year, ITVBe would only be airing two series, but with more episodes.
Macropore
In soil, macropores are defined as cavities that are larger than 75 μm. Functionally, pores of this size host preferential soil solution flow and rapid transport of solutes and colloids. Macropores increase the hydraulic conductivity of soil, allowing water to infiltrate and drain quickly, and shallow groundwater to move relatively rapidly via lateral flow. In soil, macropores are created by plant roots, soil cracks, soil fauna, and by aggregation of soil particles into peds. Macropores can also be found in soil between larger individual mineral particles such as sand or gravel.

Macropores may be defined differently in other contexts. Within the context of porous solids (i.e., not porous aggregations such as soil), colloid and surface chemists define macropores as cavities that are larger than 50 nm.

Infiltration (hydrology)
Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. It is commonly used in both hydrology and soil sciences. The infiltration capacity is defined as the maximum rate of infiltration. It is most often measured in meters per day but can also be measured in other units of distance over time if necessary.  The infiltration capacity decreases as the soil moisture content of soils surface layers increases. If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur unless there is some physical barrier.

Infiltrometers, parameters and rainfall simulators are all devices that can be used to measure infiltration rates.

Infiltration is caused by multiple factors including; gravity, capillary forces, absorption, and osmosis. Many soil characteristics can also play a role in determining the rate at which infiltration occurs. When it rains, excess water can drain through the soil at macropores.
Shaun Young
Shaun Young (born 13 June 1970) is an Australian Football administrator for Eastlake Football Club, Canberra, and former professional cricketer who played in a single Test match for Australia in 1997. He played for Tasmania in Australian domestic cricket.

Australian cricket team in England in 1997
The Australian cricket team toured England in the 1997 season to play a six-match Ashes Test series against England. Australia, under Mark Taylor, won the series 3–2 with strong batting performances from Matthew Elliott supporting the decisive bowling of Shane Warne, Glenn McGrath and Jason Gillespie.

England had enjoyed good form leading up to the series, with a 3–0 One Day International victory, and success in New Zealand; however, after winning convincingly in the first Test the host team struggled. Graham Thorpe and Nasser Hussain both scored over 400 runs for England, with Andy Caddick the leading wicket-taker.

This was the only Ashes series between 1987 and 2005 in which England won a match before Australia had already taken an unassailable lead in the series.
15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
The 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka, known officially as the 8th Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, was the meeting of the Parliament of Sri Lanka with its membership determined by the results of the 2015 parliamentary election, held on 17 August 2015. The parliament met for the first time on 1 September 2015 and was dissolved on 3 March 2020.

2015 Sri Lankan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Sri Lanka on 17 August 2015, ten months ahead of schedule, to elect 225 members to Sri Lanka's 15th Parliament.

The United National Party (UNP) led United National Front for Good Governance (UNFGG) won 106 seats, an increase of 46 since the 2010 election, but failed to secure a majority in Parliament. The United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA) won 95 seats, a decline of 49. The Tamil National Alliance (TNA), the largest party representing Sri Lankan Tamils, won 16 seats, an increase of two from 2010. The remaining eight seats were won by Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (6), Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (1) and Eelam People's Democratic Party (1).

Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe, leader of the UNFGG and UNP, was able to form a national government with the support of UPFA MPs loyal to President Maithripala Sirisena.
1950 Chicago Cardinals season
The 1950 Chicago Cardinals season marked the 31st year the team was in the National Football League (NFL). The team failed to improve on their previous output of 6–5–1, winning only five games and failing to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season.

1950 NFL season
The 1950 NFL season was the 31st regular season of the National Football League. The acquisition of three former All-America Football Conference (AAFC) franchises expanded the league to 13 teams. Meanwhile, television brought a new era to the game. The Los Angeles Rams became the first NFL team to have all of its games – both home and away – televised. The Washington Redskins became the second team to put their games on TV. Other teams arranged to have selected games televised.