hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Verb phrase
In linguistics, a verb phrase (VP) is a syntactic unit composed of a verb and its arguments except the subject of an independent clause or coordinate clause. Thus, in the sentence A fat man quickly put the money into the box, the words quickly put the money into the box constitute a verb phrase; it consists of the verb put and its arguments, but not the subject a fat man. A verb phrase is similar to what is considered a predicate in traditional grammars.

Verb phrases generally are divided among two types: finite, of which the head of the phrase is a finite verb; and nonfinite, where the head is a nonfinite verb, such as an infinitive, participle or gerund. Phrase structure grammars acknowledge both types, but dependency grammars treat the subject as just another verbal dependent, and they do not recognize the finite verbal phrase constituent. Understanding verb phrase analysis depends on knowing which theory applies in context.

Gerund
In linguistics, a gerund (/ˈdʒɛrənd, -ʌnd/ abbreviated ger) is any of various nonfinite verb forms in various languages; most often, but not exclusively, it is one that functions as a noun. The name is derived from Late Latin gerundium, meaning "which is to be carried out". In English, the gerund has the properties of both verb and noun, such as being modifiable by an adverb and being able to take a direct object. The term "-ing form" is often used in English to refer to the gerund specifically. Traditional grammar makes a distinction within -ing forms between present participles and gerunds, a distinction that is not observed in such modern grammars as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language and The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language.
Philip (bishop of Vác)
Philip (Hungarian: Fülöp; died 1277 or 1278) was a Hungarian prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Vác from 1262 until his death. He was a confidant of Queen Elizabeth the Cuman, serving her chancellor from 1262 to 1273.

Diocese of Vác
The Diocese of Vác (Latin: Dioecesis Vaciensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic church in Hungary, with its seat in Vác. The diocese was created in 1008 by St. Stephen, the first King of Hungary. Originally known as the "Diocese of Waitzen" in German, it is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of Eger. The current bishop is Zsolt Marton, who was appointed in 2019.
Neha Bamb
Neha Bamb is a former Indian actress known for her work in Telugu films and Hindi television serials. Her notable films include Dil (2003), and Athade Oka Sainyam (2004). On television, she gained popularity for portraying Mahi in Maayka and Kripa in Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai.

Maayka
Maayka - Saath Zindagi Bhar Ka is an Indian television series that was aired  on Zee TV from 15 January 2007 until 13 August 2009. . The series was originally produced by Classic Productions, but was taken over by Dheeraj Kumar's, Creative Eye Limited due to high overhead costs and delays. Once taken over, Creative Eye replaced almost the entire cast of Maayka by ending their scene with a bomb explosion; the cast members filed a case against the channel with Cine and TV Artistes Association (CINTAA) for blacklisting them.
Hitchin' a Ride (Vanity Fare song)
"Hitchin' a Ride" is a song written by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander issued as a single by the English pop/rock band Vanity Fare in late 1969. It reached number 16 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1970 but was a bigger hit in the United States, reaching number 5 on the Hot 100 on June 27, 1970. Billboard ranked the record as the number 14 song of 1970.  In Chicago, the record achieved even greater heights, topping the WCFL Big 10 Countdown on 18–25 May 1970, ranking #4 for all of 1970 and ranking #12 on rival WLS Radio 89 Hit Parade on 1-8 June 1970, ranking #10 for all of 1970. "Hitchin' a Ride" sold a million copies in the United States alone, and it became a gold record.

Peter Callander
Peter Robin Callander (10 October 1939 – 25 February 2014) was an English songwriter and record producer. Active from the 1960s onwards, Callander wrote or co-wrote songs that have been performed by recording artists such as Cilla Black, Tom Jones, Cliff Richard, Shirley Bassey, and The Tremeloes, amongst many others. On some songs he was credited as Robin Conrad. Callander was also a founder member of the Society of Distinguished Songwriters (SODS), a director of PRS for Music, and formed a publishing company, Callander Family Music Ltd.
Gabriel Pareyon
Gabriel Pareyon (born October 23, 1974, Zapopan, Jalisco) is a polymathic Mexican composer and musicologist, who has published literature on topics of philosophy and semiotics.

He has a PhD in musicology from the University of Helsinki, where he studied with Solomon Marcus and Eero Tarasti (2006–2011). He received bachelor's and master's degrees in composition at the Royal Conservatoire, The Hague (2000–2004), where he studied with Clarence Barlow. He previously studied at the Composers’ Workshop of the National Conservatoire of Music, Mexico City (1995–1998), led by Mario Lavista.

Clarence Barlow
Clarence Albertson Barlow (also Klarenz; 27 December 1945 – 29 June 2023) was a British composer of classical and electroacoustic works. He was an academic teacher internationally, at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague from 1990 and at the University of California, Santa Barbara, from 2006, among others. He taught at the Darmstädter Ferienkurse from 1982 to 1994.
Sala del Concistoro
The Sala del Concistoro (Hall of the Consistory) is a large hall on the third loggia of the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican City. The room is in the residential wing of the palace, added by Pope Sixtus V. It was decorated by Pope Clement VIII. Clement's coat of arms feature on the ceiling of the hall.

In the Lives of the Artists, Giorgio Vasari describes Gianfrancesco Penni as the painter of large parts of the designs for Raphael's tapestries in the Sala del Concistoro. Commissioned by Pope Clement VII, the theme of the tapestries is the life of Christ. The tapestries remained unfinished on Raphael's death, and along with tapestries for the Sala del Consistorio were woven in Brussels. The carved and gilded ceiling contains frescos by Cerubino Alberti and Paul Bril.

In February 2013, at a ceremony in Sala del Concistoro to announce the date for the canonisation of three martyrs, Pope Benedict XVI announced his resignation.

Gianfrancesco Penni
Gianfrancesco Penni (1488/1496–1528), called il Fattore, was an Italian painter. His brother Bartolommeo was an artist of the Tudor court of Henry VIII, and another brother, Luca, ended up as one of the Italian artists of the School of Fontainebleau.
Ángel Hidalgo
Ángel Hidalgo Portillo (born 28 April 1998) is a Spanish professional golfer and European Tour player. He won the 2024 Acciona Open de España for his first DP World Tour title. He won the 2021 German Challenge on the Challenge Tour.

St Andrews Trophy
The St Andrews Trophy is a biennial men's team golf tournament contested between teams of amateur golfers representing Great Britain & Ireland and the Continent of Europe. It takes its name from St Andrews in Scotland.

It was first played in 1956 and takes place in even-numbered years; Great Britain & Ireland plays in the United States in the Walker Cup in odd-numbered years. In 2025 the St Andrews Trophy will move to odd-numbered years and the Walker Cup will be played from even-numbered years from 2026. The St Andrews Trophy is staged alternately in Great Britain & Ireland and on the Continent, and is organised by The R&A (an offshoot of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews) and the European Golf Association. The St Andrews Trophy itself was presented by the Royal and Ancient Club in 1963.

The event is played on two consecutive days. On both days there are four morning foursomes followed by afternoon singles, eight on the first day and nine on the second.
VRT NWS Journaal
VRT NWS Journaal (formerly Het Journaal) is the main news program of VRT NWS, broadcast daily on the channels VRT 1 and VRT Canvas.

The first edition of Het Journaal was broadcast on 31 October 1953, the day that Flemish television began. Initially, Het Journaal was a small operation, with few staff; nowadays, there are dozens of journalists, and many other employees, such as directors, producers and technicians.

VRT 1
VRT 1 is a public Dutch-language TV station in Belgium, owned by the VRT, which also owns Ketnet, VRT Canvas and several radio stations. Although the channel is commercial-free, short sponsorship messages are broadcast in between some programmes.

VRT 1 focuses on drama, entertainment, news and current affairs in a similar vein to BBC One in the United Kingdom. The station was formerly known as TV1 until 21 January 2005, when the Eén (English: "one") branding was launched as part of a major station revamp, with a look created by BBC Broadcast. The channel got its current branding in 2023.

VRT 1 is the equivalent of its French-language counterpart, La Une, the first channel of the Belgian Francophone broadcaster, RTBF.
Józefów, Brzeziny County
Józefów (Polish pronunciation: [juˈzɛfuf]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rogów, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north of Rogów, 10 km (6 mi) east of Brzeziny, and 30 km (19 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Rogów
Gmina Rogów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Rogów, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Brzeziny and 29 km (18 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 66.23 square kilometres (25.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,647.
Moonlight Resonance
Moonlight Resonance (Traditional Chinese: 溏心風暴之家好月圓) is a 2008 grand production HDTV drama by TVB. It is a spiritual sequel to 2007's award-winning series, Heart of Greed featuring most of the original cast members. The series is written and edited by Cheung Wah-biu and Sit Ga-wah. Sponsored by Kee Wah Bakery, the series began broadcast on 28 July 2008. It stars Louise Lee, Ha Yu, Michelle Yim, Susanna Kwan, Moses Chan, Raymond Lam and Linda Chung. Its final episode was one of the highest rated TVB episodes in the 2000s decade at 50 points. The series was met with critical acclaim, with praise to the intense plot, excellent performances by the cast, and moving storyline. It went on to receive various awards and is one of the highest-rated TVB series in viewership in the 2000s.

Kate Tsui
Kate Tsui Tsz-shan is a former Hong Kong actress, known for her work with Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB). She was crowned Miss Hong Kong in 2004. In December 2019, she announced her retirement from the entertainment industry, expressing plans to move to Europe and pursue further education.
Fibroepithelial neoplasm
A fibroepithelial neoplasm (or tumor) is a biphasic tumor.  They consist of epithelial tissue, and stromal or mesenchymal tissue.  They may be benign or malignant.

Examples include:

Brenner tumor of the ovary

Fibroadenoma of the breast

Phyllodes tumor of the breast

Sometimes fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) of the vulva may be misdiagnosed as cancers. However not much harm is caused because the treatment of both is excision. The consent for removal must however be completely informed.

Fibroadenoma
Fibroadenomas are benign breast tumours characterized by an admixture of stromal and epithelial tissue. Breasts are made of lobules (milk producing glands) and ducts (tubes that carry the milk to the nipple). These are surrounded by glandular, fibrous and fatty tissues. Fibroadenomas develop from the lobules. The glandular tissue and ducts grow over the lobule to form a solid lump.

Since both fibroadenomas and breast lumps as a sign of breast cancer can appear similar, it is recommended to perform ultrasound analyses and possibly tissue sampling with subsequent histopathologic analysis in order to make a proper diagnosis. Unlike typical lumps from breast cancer, fibroadenomas are easy to move, with clearly defined edges.

Fibroadenomas are sometimes called breast mice or a breast mouse owing to their high mobility in the breast.
Vytebet
The Vytebet (Russian: Вытебеть) is a river that flows through the Bryansk, Oryol, and Kaluga Oblasts in Russia. The river is a right tributary of the Zhizdra, and its total length is 133 kilometers (83 mi) with a drainage basin of 1,760 square kilometers (680 sq mi).

The Vytebet flows through the Orlovskoye Polesye National Park.

Oryol Oblast
Oryol Oblast (Russian: Орло́вская о́бласть, romanized: Orlovskaya oblastʹ), also known as Orlovshchina (Russian: Орловщина), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Oryol. Population: 713,374 (2021 census); 786,935 (2010 census);
Wilcze, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Wilcze [ˈvilt͡ʂɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Srokowo, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Gmina Srokowo
Gmina Srokowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, on the border with Russia. Its seat is the village of Srokowo, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Kętrzyn and 83 km (52 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 194.63 square kilometres (75.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,249.
Klong song na
Klong song na (Thai: กลองสองหน้า, pronounced [klɔːŋ sɔ̌ːŋ nâː] or [klɔːŋ sɔ̌ŋ nâː]) is a Thai barrel drum. Song na means "two faces", and the drum has two heads that are played with the hands. It is used primarily in the piphat ensemble.

Barrel drum
Barrel drums are a class of membranophone, or drum, characterized by a barrel-shape with a bulge in the middle. They can be one-headed and open at the bottom, or two-headed at opposite ends. Examples include the Vietnamese trong chau and the bendre of the Mossi of Burkina Faso.
Otto Nathan
Otto Nathan (1893–1987) was an economist who taught at Princeton University (1933–35), New York University (1935–42), Vassar College (1942–44), and Howard University (1946–52).

Nathan was a close friend of Albert Einstein for many years and was designated by Einstein as co-trustee of his literary estate with Helen Dukas.

Literary estate
The literary estate of a deceased author consists mainly of the copyright and other intellectual property rights of published works, including film, translation rights, original manuscripts of published work, unpublished or partially completed work, and papers of intrinsic literary interest such as correspondence or personal diaries and records. In academia, the German term Nachlass for the legacy of papers is often used.
Alfa Romeo MiTo
The Alfa Romeo MiTo (Type 955) is a supermini car which was made by Fiat Group Automobiles from 2008 until 2020 and sold under the Alfa Romeo marque. It is a three-door hatchback with a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout and shares its SCCS platform with the Fiat Grande Punto. The MiTo has a single generation, with 293,428 units produced at the Fiat Mirafiori factory. It was designed by Centro Stile Alfa Romeo, with the Mito nameplate being a portmanteau of the Italian cities of Milano (Milan), where it was designed, and Torino (Turin), where it was manufactured.

SCCS platform
The SCCS platform (Small Common Components and Systems platform), also called Small Platform or 199 platform is an automobile platform originally developed by Fiat for subcompact, front-wheel drive, and all-wheel drive vehicles. It was first used on the Fiat Grande Punto, which was unveiled in 2005. Developed during the GM-Fiat alliance, the platform was also used for some Opel models including the Opel Corsa D and E. A derivative called the Small Wide platform was introduced in 2012 for applications on larger cars in the compact segment. Usage of the platform continued through the merger of Fiat and Chrysler which created Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), and the merger of FCA and PSA which formed Stellantis.
London Colney F.C.
London Colney Football Club is a football club based in London Colney, near St Albans, England. They are currently members of the Spartan South Midlands League Division One and play at Cotlandswick Park.

London Colney
London Colney (/ˈkoʊni/) is a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. It is located to the north of London, close to Junction 22 of the M25 motorway.

It is around 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-east of St Albans city centre (and within said city's contiguous built-up area) and part of the City and District of St Albans. At the time of the 2011 census the population of London Colney ward was 9,507, increasing to 9,804 at the 2021 census. It is considered a satellite or dormitory village of St Albans, where some villagers travel to work and shop.
Fitzmorris
Fitzmorris is an Irish Hiberno-Norman surname originating in Counties Kerry, Galway, and Mayo. It is patronymic as the prefix Fitz- derives from the Latin filius, meaning "son of".
Its variants include FitzMorris, Fitz Morris, Fitz-Morris, fitz Morris; alternate spellings Fitzmaurice, Fitzmoris, Fitzmorys;  and the given-name-turned-surname Morris. Fitzmorris is uncommon as a given name.

Fitz
Fitz (pronounced "fits") was a patronymic indicator used in Anglo-Norman England to help distinguish individuals by identifying their immediate predecessors.  Meaning "son of", it would precede the father's forename, or less commonly a title held by the father. In rare cases, it formed part of a matronymic to associate the bearer with a more prominent mother.  Convention among modern historians is to represent the word as fitz, but in the original Norman French documentation, it appears as fiz, filz, or similar forms, deriving from the Old French noun filz, fiz (French fils), meaning "son of", and ultimately from Latin filius (son). Its use during the period of English surname adoption (following the Norman conquest) led to its incorporation into patronymic surnames, and at later periods this form was adopted by English kings for the surnames given some of their recognized illegitimate children, and by Irish families when anglicizing their Gaelic patronymic surnames.
Kalofer
Kalofer (Bulgarian: Калофер pronounced:[kɐˈɫɔfɛr]) is a town in central Bulgaria, located on the banks of the Tundzha between the Balkan Mountains to the north and the Sredna Gora to the south. Kalofer is part of Plovdiv Province and the Karlovo municipality. It is best known as the birthplace of Bulgarian poet and revolutionary Hristo Botev.

The modern settlement of Kalofer emerged in the 16th century, managing to preserve its Bulgarian character in the Ottoman Empire and to develop as a centre of craftsmanship, primarily cord production. The Kalofer monastery has been in operation since 1640 and the convent since 1700. During the Bulgarian National Revival the town became a centre of revolutionary activity, being the birthplace of figures such as Hristo Botev, Exarch Joseph, Dimitar Panichkov, and Nikola Ivanov. Today, it is best known for the imposing Hristo Botev Monument (one of many in the country).

Tundzha
The Tundzha (Bulgarian: Тунджа [ˈtund͡ʒɐ]; Turkish: Tunca [tund͡ʒa]; Tonsus in antiquity) is a river in southeastern Bulgaria and northwesternmost Turkey, a left tributary of the Maritsa. With a length of 390 km, of which 350 km are in Bulgaria, it is Maritsa's longest tributary, though in terms of discharge it is second after the Arda. Tundzha Glacier on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Tundzha River.
Vulcan (Ace Comics)
Vulcan the Volcanic Man is a superhero from the Golden Age of Comic Books. He first appeared in Super-Mystery Comics #1, published by Ace Comics in July 1940. His creator is unknown, but some of his stories were written by Otto Binder, with Maurice Gutwirth and Jack Alderman illustrating.

Vulcan is the descendant of the Roman god of Fire, born in a volcano in the South Sea Islands. His powers include fire manipulation, flight, super-strength, and invulnerability. The character appeared in Super-Mystery Comics #1-14, and also in Ace's team book, Four Favorites #1-4.

According to Jess Nevins' Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes, Vulcan "fights arsonists, costumed criminals looking to profit from drought, Nazis, and the Man of a Thousand Faces". In one issue, he visited Berlin and burned off Adolf Hitler's mustache.

He last appeared in 1942. When the company went out of business, the hero fell into the public domain.

Ace Magazines
Ace Magazines was a comic book and pulp magazine publishing company headed by Aaron A. Wyn and his wife Rose Wyn. The Wyns had been publishing pulp fiction under the Periodical House and A. A. Wyn's Magazine Publishers names since 1928, and published comics between 1940 and the end of 1956.
Viktor Gusev
Viktor Mikhaylovich Gusev (Russian: Ви́ктор Миха́йлович Гу́сев, IPA: [ˈvʲiktər mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ ˈɡusʲɪf] ⓘ; 30 January 1909 – 23 January 1944) wrote lyrics to accompany several patriotic Soviet military tunes, including 'Polyushko Pole' and 'March of the Artillerymen'.

He wrote the play Spring in Moscow, which was the first Soviet musical theatre, staged by New Theatre under Nikolay Akimov in the early 1950s. It was later made into a film of the same name.

Lensovet Theatre
Lensovet Theatre, officially Saint Petersburg State Academic Lensoviet Theatre (in Russian: Санкт-Петербургский академический театр имении Ленсовета, literally St Petersburg Academic Theater of the Leningrad City Council), also known as Lensovet Academic Theatre and Lensoviet Theatre, is a theatre and theatrical troupe in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Incheon Subway Line 2
Incheon Subway Line 2 (Korean: 인천도시철도 2호선) is a driverless light metro line running 29.2 km (18.1 mi) from Oryu-dong in Seo-gu to Incheon Grand Park, with 27 stations, part of the Incheon Subway system. The line is also included as a part of the overall Seoul Metropolitan Subway network; Juan station has a free transfer with Seoul Subway Line 1, Geomam station connects with the AREX Line to Incheon International Airport and Seoul Station, and Seongnam also has a free transfer with Seoul Subway Line 7.

Line 2 has aboveground sections north of Asiad Stadium and east of Namdong-gu Office.

Geomam station
Geomam station is a railway station on AREX and Incheon Subway Line 2.  Since June 2014, the KTX train operates from Incheon International Airport to Busan or Mokpo. It has stopped operating KTX since March 2018. In September 2018, Korail officially announced that they would stop operating KTX to Incheon International Airport due to lack of passenger use. This was the first KTX station after Incheon Airport. Before KTX started to run on AREX, all platforms were high-leveled with screen doors. The KTX started to run, they took away the platform screen doors only at the both end of the side horizontally and turned into low-leveled platform without screen doors.