hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reverse-search algorithm
Reverse-search algorithms are a class of algorithms for generating all objects of a given size, from certain classes of combinatorial objects. In many cases, these methods allow the objects to be generated in polynomial time per object, using only enough memory to store a constant number of objects (polynomial space). (Generally, however, they are not classed as polynomial-time algorithms, because the number of objects they generate is exponential.) They work by organizing the objects to be generated into a spanning tree of their state space, and then performing a depth-first search of this tree.

Reverse-search algorithms were introduced by David Avis and Komei Fukuda in 1991, for problems of generating the vertices of convex polytopes and the cells of arrangements of hyperplanes. They were formalized more broadly by Avis and Fukuda in 1996.

Depth-first search
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. Extra memory, usually a stack, is needed to keep track of the nodes discovered so far along a specified branch which helps in backtracking of the graph.

A version of depth-first search was investigated in the 19th century by French mathematician Charles Pierre Trémaux as a strategy for solving mazes.
Muliaage
The Muliaage palace or Muliaage is the official residence of the president of the Maldives. Muliaage, situated in Henveiru within the historic center of Malé, is located on Medhuziyaarai Magu, near significant landmarks, the Medhu Ziyaaraiy, the Malé Friday Mosque, and the Munnaru.

The residence was designed by Ahmed Dhoshimeyna Kilegefan, father of Mohamed Amin Didi in 1913, at the request of King Muhammad Shamsuddine III,  for his son and heir, Hassan Izzuddine, Crown Prince of the Maldives.

President of the Maldives
The president of the Republic of Maldives (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, romanized: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Raeesuljumhooriyyaa) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Maldives and the commander-in-chief of the Maldives National Defence Force.

The current president is Mohamed Muizzu, who was elected in 2023 with 54.05% of the vote, defeating then-incumbent president Ibrahim Mohamed Solih.
Two Knights Defense
The Two Knights Defense (also called the Prussian Defense) is a chess opening that begins with the moves:

1. e4 e5

2. Nf3 Nc6

3. Bc4 Nf6

First recorded by Giulio Cesare Polerio (c. 1550 – c. 1610) in c. 1580, this line of the Italian Game was extensively developed in the 19th century. Black's third move, attacking White's pawn on e4, is a more aggressive continuation than the Giuoco Piano with 3...Bc5. White’s most direct approach is 4.Ng5, immediately attacking Black’s vulnerable f7-pawn. David Bronstein noted that the term defense doesn’t capture the opening’s true character and suggested Chigorin Counterattack as a more accurate name. The Two Knights Defense has been played and analyzed by many aggressive players including Mikhail Chigorin, Paul Keres, and world champions Mikhail Tal and Boris Spassky.

David Bronstein
David Ionovich Bronstein (Russian: Дави́д Ио́нович Бронште́йн; February 19, 1924 – December 5, 2006) was a Soviet and Russian chess player. Awarded the title of International Grandmaster by FIDE in 1950, he narrowly missed becoming World Chess Champion in 1951. Bronstein was one of the world's strongest players from the mid-1940s into the mid-1970s, and was described by his peers as a creative genius and master of tactics. He was also a renowned chess writer; his book Zurich International Chess Tournament 1953 is widely considered one of the greatest chess books ever written.
Badminton at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles
The men's doubles badminton tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place from 27 July to 4 August 2024 at the Porte de La Chapelle Arena in Paris. A total of 34 players from 15 nations competed at the tournament.

Defending Olympic champions Lee Yang and Wang Chi-lin of Chinese Taipei successfully retained their title, defeating Liang Weikeng and Wang Chang of China in the final, 21–17, 18–21, 21–19 to win the gold medal in men's doubles badminton at the 2024 Summer Olympics. They became the first men's doubles pair to do so together and the first consecutive Olympic badminton champions not to represent the People's Republic of China. In the bronze-medal match, defending medalists Aaron Chia and Soh Wooi Yik of Malaysia defeated Denmark's Kim Astrup and Anders Skaarup Rasmussen, 16–21, 22–20, 21–19. The pair saved four match points during the second game to claim Malaysia's third consecutive medal in the event.

Denmark at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Denmark competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024. Danish athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games except for the sparsely attended St. Louis 1904. Before the start of the games, DIF sat an official medal goal of 9–11 medals for the 2024 Paris games.
Kassala
Kassala (Arabic: كسلا, Tigrinya: ከሰላ) is the capital of the state of Kassala in eastern Sudan.  In 2003 its population was recorded to be 530,950. Built on the banks of the Gash River, it is a market city and is famous for its fruit gardens. Many of its inhabitants are from the Hadendawa sub-tribe of the Beja ethnic group.

The city was formerly a railroad hub, however, as of 2006 there was no operational railway station in Kassala and much of the track leading to and from the city has been salvaged or fallen into disrepair. Kassala's location along the main Khartoum-Port Sudan highway makes it an important trade center.

Port Sudan
Port Sudan (Arabic: بور سودان, romanized: Būr Sūdān, Beja: Bar'uut) is a major port city on the Red Sea in eastern Sudan, and the capital of Red Sea State. Port Sudan is Sudan's main seaport and the source of 90% of the country's international trade. The population of Port Sudan was estimated in the 2008 Census of Sudan to be 394,561 people.

Port Sudan has historically been a centre for commercial activity, particularly in the shipping industry.

From April 2023 to January 2026, the Sudanese government largely operated from Port Sudan as a result of intense fighting in the capital city Khartoum in the ongoing civil war, leading to it being described as a de facto capital of the country. Port Sudan also emerged as a refuge for internally displaced persons in Sudan.
William D. Alexander House
The William D. Alexander House is a historic house located in Provo, Utah. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  It is asserted to be the only period example of Stick Style architecture in the state of Utah.

Stick style
The Stick style was a late-19th-century American architectural style, transitional between the Carpenter Gothic style of the mid-19th century, and the Queen Anne style that it had evolved into by the 1890s. It is named after its use of linear "stickwork" (overlay board strips) on the outside walls to mimic an exposed half-timbered frame.
Battle of Saint-Denis (1567)
The Battle of Saint-Denis was fought on 10 November 1567 between a royalist army and Huguenot rebels during the second of the French Wars of Religion. Although their 74 year old commander, Anne de Montmorency, was killed in the fighting, the royalists forced the rebels to withdraw, allowing them to claim victory.

The only major conflict of the second phase, the battle came about when Montmorency attempted to break Condé's siege of Paris. The Huguenot army retreated towards the border, where they linked up with forces led by their ally John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern, before besieging Chartres in February 1568. The war ended shortly thereafter.

John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern
John Casimir, Count Palatine of Simmern (German: Johann Casimir von Pfalz-Simmern) (7 March 1543 – 16 January [O.S. 6 January] 1592) was a German prince and a younger son of Frederick III, Elector Palatine. A firm Calvinist, he was a leader of mercenary troops in the religious wars of the time, including the Dutch Revolt. From 1583 to 1592, he acted as regent for his nephew, Elector Palatine Frederick IV.
Maria Paseka
Maria Valeryevna Paseka (Russian: Мария Валерьевна Пасека; born 19 July 1995) is a Russian artistic gymnast and member of the Russia women's national gymnastics team. During her decade-long career, she has primarily been successful as a vault specialist. On this apparatus, she is a two-time Olympic medalist (silver in 2016, bronze in 2012), a two-time world champion (2015, 2017), a two-time European champion (2015, 2019), the 2015 Universiade champion, and a two-time Russian national champion (2013, 2019). As a member of the Russian teams at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics, Paseka won two silver medals in the team competition.

2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships was the 46th edition of the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships. The competition was held from 23 October – 1 November 2015 at The SSE Hydro in Glasgow, United Kingdom, and is the first time that Scotland hosted the event. The competition served as a qualification for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Japan won the men's team all-around competition for the first time since 1978, and the United States won the women's team all-around title for the third straight time. In the individual all-around competitions, Kōhei Uchimura and Simone Biles won their sixth and third successive title, respectively. Qualifying in thirteenth place, team Romania failed to automatically qualify to the Olympic Games for the first time since 1966.

On 4 December 2015, British Gymnastics announced that the event had been named "Sporting Event of the Year" by The Sunday Mail.
Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig
The Defence of the Polish Post Office in Gdańsk (Danzig) was one of the first acts of World War II in Europe, as part of the September Campaign.: 39, 42  On 1 September 1939 the Invasion of Poland was initiated by Germany when the battleship Schleswig-Holstein opened fire on the Polish-controlled harbor of Danzig, around 04:45. Danzig paramilitaries and police, supported by Germany, immediately joined the offensive to take full control of the city, by capturing the Polish post office. Polish personnel defended the building for some 15 hours against assaults by the SS Heimwehr Danzig (SS Danzig Home Defence), local SA formations and special units of Danzig police. All but four of the defenders, who were able to escape from the building during the surrender, were sentenced to death by a German court martial as illegal combatants on 5 October 1939, and executed (the judgement was later acknowledged as judicial murder).

Westerplatte
Westerplatte (Polish pronunciation: [vɛstɛrˈplatɛ], [ˈvɛstɛrplatɛ], German pronunciation: [ˈvɛstɐplatə]) is a peninsula in Gdańsk, Poland, located on the Baltic Sea coast mouth of the Dead Vistula (one of the Vistula delta estuaries), in the Gdańsk harbour channel. From 1926 to 1939, it was the location of a Polish Military Transit Depot (WST), sanctioned within the territory of the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk).

The first shots of the Second World War were fired at the Battle of Westerplatte which began at 0450hrs on the 1 September, 1939. The fighting started when the German WWI battleship SMS Schleswig-Holstein began shelling the Polish ammunition depot on Westerplatte. After a siege that lasted a week, the Polish garrison surrendered to German forces that were part of invasion of Poland.
Volkswagen-Audi V8 engine
The Volkswagen-Audi V8 engine family is a series of mechanically similar, gasoline-powered and diesel-powered, V-8, internal combustion piston engines, developed and produced by the Volkswagen Group, in partnership with Audi, since 1988. They have been used in various Volkswagen Group models, and by numerous Volkswagen-owned companies. The first spark-ignition gasoline V-8 engine configuration was used in the 1988 Audi V8 model; and the first compression-ignition diesel V8 engine configuration was used in the 1999 Audi A8 3.3 TDI Quattro. The V8 gasoline and diesel engines have been used in most Audi, Volkswagen, Porsche, Bentley, and Lamborghini models ever since. The larger-displacement diesel V8 engine configuration has also been used in various Scania commercial vehicles; such as in trucks, buses, and marine (boat) applications.

Audi V8
The Audi V8 (Typ 4C) is a four-door, full-size luxury sedan, designed, manufactured and marketed by Audi in Germany from 1988 to 1993, as the company's flagship. As the first car from Audi to use a V8 engine, it also was the first Audi to combine a quattro system with an automatic transmission. Early cars used 3.6-litre V8s, while later cars featured a 4.2-litre version of the engine. The Audi V8 was replaced by the Audi A8 in 1994, although the A8 was not marketed in North America until 1996.

The competition model of the Audi V8 won back-to-back Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft driver's titles in 1990 and 1991, with the championship winners being Hans-Joachim Stuck and Frank Biela respectively. Audi was the first company to win back-to-back DTM titles.
Aldehyde tag
An aldehyde tag is a short peptide tag that can be further modified to add fluorophores, glycans, PEG (polyethylene glycol) chains, or reactive groups for further synthesis. A short, genetically-encoded peptide with a consensus sequence LCxPxR is introduced into fusion proteins, and by subsequent treatment with the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE), the cysteine of the tag is converted to a reactive aldehyde group. This electrophilic group can be targeted by an array of aldehyde-specific reagents, such as aminooxy- or hydrazide-functionalized compounds.

Formylglycine-generating enzyme
Formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE), located at 3p26.1 in humans, is the name for an enzyme present in the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes the conversion of cysteine to formylglycine (fGly). There are two main classes of FGE, aerobic and anaerobic. FGE activates sulfatases, which are essential for the degradation of sulfate esters. The catalytic activity of sulfatases is dependent upon a formylglycine (sometimes called oxoalanine) residue in the active site.
Zao Wou-Ki
Zao Wou-Ki (Chinese: 赵无极; pinyin: Zhào Wújí; Wade–Giles: Chao Wu-chi; 1 February 1920 – 9 April 2013) was a Chinese-French painter. He was a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Zao Wou-Ki graduated from the China Academy of Art in Hangzhou, where he studied under French-trained Fang Ganmin and Wu Dayu.

China Academy of Art
The China Academy of Art (CAA; 中国美术学院) is a provincial public college of fine arts in Hangzhou. Zhejiang, China. It is affiliated with the province of Zhejiang. The academy is part of the Double First-Class Construction. In the 1960s, the academy was based at Hu Xueyan's Former Residence.
Safety in Formula One
Safety in Formula One has significantly improved since the inaugural Formula One World Championship in 1950. There have been major regulatory changes to car design, protective equipment for drivers, incident response procedures, and the layout of racing circuits. Notable examples of safety improvements to reduce fatalities and injuries include full-face helmets, fire resistant racing suits, tyre walls, and an on-site medical team; none were present during the early years of the sport.

Tyre wall
A tyre wall (US tire wall or tire barrier), is a type of traffic barrier commonly used at racing circuits to prevent racing vehicles from leaving or crossing into another part of the track. Tyres are a consumable item generated in some volume by racing activities, and in sufficient quantities can successfully absorb some of the energy of a crashing vehicle. A tyre wall will typically have some form of fixed backing (such as a concrete wall) to prevent vehicles from pushing through it, and will normally have the tyres tied together both for effectiveness and to prevent stray tyres from being thrown into the track during a collision and causing a hazard to other vehicles on the track.
Reformed Church, Copenhagen
Reformed Church (Danish: Reformert Kirke) in Gothersgade, opposite Rosenborg Castle, is a church building used by the reformed congregations in Copenhagen, Denmark. Consecrated in 1689, the church was instigated by Queen Charlotte Amalie, consort of King Christian V, who was herself a German Calvinist. The church is noted for its fine Baroque interiors which date from 1730 when it was restored after being damaged in the Copenhagen Fire of 1728.

Christian V of Denmark
Christian V (15 April 1646 – 25 August 1699) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699.

Well-regarded by the common people, he was the first king anointed at Frederiksborg Castle chapel as absolute monarch since the decree that institutionalized the supremacy of the king in Denmark-Norway. Christian fortified the absolutist system against the aristocracy by accelerating his father's practice of allowing both Holstein nobles and Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service.

As king, he wanted to show his power as absolute monarch through architecture, and dreamed of a Danish Versailles. He was the first to use the 1671 Throne Chair of Denmark, partly made for this purpose. His motto was: Pietate et Justitia (With piety and justice).
Flores Historiarum
The Flores Historiarum (Flowers of History) is the name of two different (though related) Latin chronicles by medieval English historians that were created in the 13th century, associated originally with the Abbey of St Albans.

St Albans Cathedral
St Albans Cathedral, officially the Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban, also known as "the Abbey", is a Church of England cathedral in St Albans, England.

Much of its architecture dates from Norman times. It ceased to be an abbey following its dissolution in the 16th century and became a cathedral in 1877. Although legally a cathedral church, it differs in certain particulars from most other cathedrals in England, being also used as a parish church, of which the dean is rector with the same powers, responsibilities and duties as those of any other parish. At 85 metres long, it has the longest nave of any cathedral in England.

Probably founded in the 8th century, the present building is Norman or Romanesque architecture of the 11th century, with Gothic and 19th-century additions.
U.S.–Japan Caucus
The U.S.–Japan Caucus is a bipartisan congressional member organization within the United States Congress made up of over 100 members of the United States House of Representatives who work to strengthen and maintain U.S.–Japanese relations.

Congressional caucus
A congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meet to pursue common legislative objectives. Formally, caucuses are formed as congressional member organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate and governed under the rules of these chambers. In addition to the term "caucus", they are sometimes called conferences (especially Republican ones), coalitions, study groups, task forces, or working groups. Many other countries use the term parliamentary group; the Parliament of the United Kingdom has many all-party parliamentary groups.
Walter Hodge
Walter Wallace Hodge Muñoz (born September 21, 1986) is a Puerto Rican-U.S. Virgin Islander professional basketball player for Sagesse Club of the Lebanese Basketball League (LBL). Internationally, Hodge plays with the senior U.S. Virgin Islands national basketball team, due to eligibility arising from his Virgin Islander grandfather. After being a reserve point guard in his first two seasons with the Florida Gators, he became the starting point guard for the two-time defending national champions in the 2007–08 season. On June 5, 2013, in appreciation for his contribution to Zielona Góra, his jersey number was retired.

Lebanese Basketball League
The Lebanese Basketball League, officially Decathlon Lebanese Basketball League for sponsorship reasons, is recognized as the top-tier professional men's basketball league in Lebanon. It is organized annually as a national championship with playoffs and a national cup by the Lebanese Basketball Federation (FLB).

Currently, the league consists of 12 teams, of which six are located in Beirut. The most successful club in the history of the league is Al Riyadi Club Beirut.
Henry F. McElroy
Henry F. McElroy (August 17, 1865 – September 15, 1939) was an American governmnent official. He was the first city manager of Kansas City, Missouri, a position he held during the era of political boss Tom Pendergast.

Tom Pendergast
Thomas Joseph Pendergast (July 22, 1872 – January 26, 1945), also known as T. J. Pendergast, was an American political boss who controlled Kansas City and Jackson County, Missouri, from 1925 to 1939.

Pendergast only briefly held elected office, as an alderman, but his capacity as chairman of the Jackson County Democratic Party allowed him to use his large network of Irish family and friends to help the election of politicians, in some cases by voter fraud, and to hand out government contracts and patronage jobs. He became wealthy in the process, but his addiction to gambling, especially horse racing, later led to a large accumulation of personal debts.

In 1939, he was convicted of income tax evasion and served 15 months in a federal prison. The Pendergast organization helped to launch the political career of future president Harry S. Truman, which caused Truman's early enemies to dub him "the senator from Pendergast".
Genetics of the Swahili people
The Swahili are a Bantu-speaking coastal community of East Africa  with a distinctive history of Indian Ocean trade. Recent archaeological and genetic research shows that Swahili ancestry is a complex mix of African and Asian lineages, reflecting centuries of interaction. Ancient DNA from medieval Swahili coastal towns (dated roughly 1250–1800 CE) reveals that Swahili gene pools were overwhelmingly inherited from African women and Asian (primarily Persian) men. Modern Swahili communities still carry this heritage, though subsequent migrations (e.g. Omani Arab influence after the 17th century) have altered the balance.

Asian people
"Asian people" (sometimes "Asiatic people") is an umbrella term for people who belong to any ethnic, racial, or national group with origins in Asia. It is most often used in contexts concerning the Asian diaspora, which consists of Asian people and their descendants living outside of the continent. The exact definition of the term may vary by country; some classifications of "Asian" may only refer to certain Asian-origin groups, as opposed to the population of the entire continent.
Stéphane Pignol
Stéphane Jean François Pignol (born 3 January 1977) is a French retired professional footballer who played as a right back.

He appeared in 311 games in Segunda División over 11 seasons, scoring one goal. In La Liga, he represented Compostela, Numancia and Murcia.

CD Numancia
Club Deportivo Numancia de Soria, S.A.D. is a Spanish football club in Soria, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Founded on 9 April 1945, it plays in Segunda Federación – Group 1, holding home games at Nuevo Estadio Los Pajaritos.

Besides football it had other departments in sports, such as volleyball, women's handball, and rhythmic gymnastics.