hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jack Hirst (rugby league, born c. 1936)
John "Jack" Hirst (c. 1936 – 19 October 2012 in Wakefield) was a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level for Yorkshire, and at club level for Hunslet, Castleford, Wakefield Trinity, Bradford Northern, Bramley and Oulton Miners Welfare (now named Oulton Raiders) as a prop.

National Conference League
The National Conference League (NCL) was part of the British rugby league system at the top end of the amateur pyramid below the professional Championship. It came under the jurisdiction of the Rugby Football League (RFL). It was replaced by the National Community Rugby League.
DaRon Bland
DaRon Bland (/dəˈrɒn/ də-RON; born July 12, 1999) is an American professional football cornerback for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Sacramento State Hornets before transferring to the Fresno State Bulldogs. The Cowboys selected Bland in the fifth round of the 2022 NFL draft. In 2023, he led the NFL with 9 interceptions and set the NFL single-season record for most interceptions returned for a touchdown with five; this also tied Ken Houston's record for the most defensive touchdowns in a single season.

Fresno State Bulldogs football
The Fresno State Bulldogs football team represents California State University, Fresno, in NCAA Division I FBS college football as a member of the Mountain West Conference (Pac-12 Conference in 2026). The green "V" on the Bulldogs' helmets, uniforms, and playing field symbolizes California's Central Valley, specifically the San Joaquin Valley, the agricultural valley from which they draw their support.
Waltz War
Waltz War (German: Walzerkrieg) is a 1933 German musical comedy film directed by Ludwig Berger and starring Renate Müller, Willy Fritsch and Paul Hörbiger. It is loosely based on the rivalry between waltz composers Joseph Lanner and Johann Strauss I, as well as the life of the Austrian ballet dancer Katti Lanner (Joseph's daughter) who eventually settled in Victorian Britain. It is also known by the alternative title of The Battle of the Walzes.

The film was made by leading German studio UFA and shot at the company's Babelsberg Studios in Berlin with sets designed by Robert Herlth and Walter Röhrig. A separate French-language version Court Waltzes was also directed by Berger.

Johann Strauss I
Johann Baptist Strauss I (/straʊs/; German: [ˈjoːhan bapˈtɪst ˈʃtʁaʊs]; 14 March 1804 – 25 September 1849), also known as Johann Strauss Sr., the Elder or the Father (German: Johann Strauß Vater), was an Austrian composer of the Romantic Period. He was famous for his light music, namely waltzes, polkas, and galops, which he popularized alongside Joseph Lanner, thereby setting the foundations for his sons—Johann, Josef and Eduard—to carry on his musical dynasty. He is best known for his composition of the Radetzky March (named after Joseph Radetzky von Radetz).
Trill Entertainment Presents: Survival of the Fittest
Trill Entertainment Presents: Survival of the Fittest is a compilation album by American hip hop record label Trill Entertainment. It was released on May 22, 2007, with distribution via Asylum Records. Production was handled by in-house producer Mouse, as well as BJ, with Turk & Mel serving as executive producers. It features contributions from the label's roster Lil' Boosie, Webbie, Foxx, Big Head, 3 Deep (Lil Phat, Shell and Mouse) and Soulja Boy. The album peaked at number 17 on the Billboard 200.

Independent (song)
"Independent" is the first single by Webbie from his second album Savage Life 2. It features Lil Phat and Lil Boosie and a sample of Webbie's "Bad Bitch" in the chorus. Rapper Macklemore would later sample "Independent" on his #1 hit, "Can't Hold Us".
Kwek Siew Jin
Kwek Siew Jin BBM PPA(E) PPA(P) PP PBM is a Singaporean former civil servant and former rear-admiral who served as Chief of Navy from 1992 to 1996.

After leaving the navy in June 1996, Kwek was appointed as managing director of the Singapore Mass Rapid Transit till December 2001. Kwek was moved to Singapore Power to serve as its president and chief executive officer, but shortly resigned in December 2003.

Pingat Bakti Masyarakat
The Pingat Bakti Masyarakat (English: Public Service Medal) is a Singaporean national honour. It was instituted in 1973. The medal may be awarded to any person who has rendered commendable public service in Singapore or for their achievement in the field of arts and letters, sports, the sciences, business, the professions and the labour movement.

Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PBM.
Medical exclusion of immigrants
Applicants for immigration into the United States must meet certain medical standards, as assessed by the Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (I-693). The purpose of the medical exam is to ensure that an applicant is “not inadmissible to the United States on public health grounds." Inadmissibility is defined in Act 212 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Accordingly, an alien is inadmissible if he or she has a communicable disease of public health significance, lacks the required vaccines, is a drug abuser or addict, or has a physical or mental disorder with a behavior, or history of a behavior, that is a threat to  “the property, safety, or welfare of the alien or others”.

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (Pub. L. 82–414, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, enacted June 17, 1952), also known as the McCarran–Walter Act, codified under Title 8 of the United States Code (8 U.S.C. ch. 12), governs immigration to and citizenship in the United States. It came into effect on June 27, 1952. The legislation consolidated various immigration laws into a single text. Officially titled the Immigration and Nationality Act, it is often referred to as the 1952 law to distinguish it from the 1965 legislation. This law increased the quota for Europeans outside Northern and Western Europe, gave the United States Department of State authority to reject entries affecting native wages, eliminated 1880s bans on contract labor, set a minimum quota of one hundred visas per country, and promoted family reunification by exempting citizens' children and spouses from numerical caps.
You Only Look Once
You Only Look Once (YOLO) is a series of real-time object detection systems based on convolutional neural networks. First introduced by Joseph Redmon et al. in 2015, YOLO has undergone several iterations and improvements, becoming one of the most popular object detection frameworks.

The name "You Only Look Once" refers to the fact that the algorithm requires only one forward propagation pass through the neural network to make predictions, unlike previous region proposal-based techniques like R-CNN that require thousands for a single image.

Region Based Convolutional Neural Networks
Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) are a family of machine learning models for computer vision, and specifically object detection and localization. The original goal of R-CNN was to take an input image and produce a set of bounding boxes as output, where each bounding box contains an object and also the category (e.g. car or pedestrian) of the object. In general, R-CNN architectures perform selective search over feature maps outputted by a CNN.

R-CNN has been extended to perform other computer vision tasks, such as: tracking objects from a drone-mounted camera, locating text in an image, and enabling object detection in Google Lens.

Mask R-CNN is also one of seven tasks in the MLPerf Training Benchmark, which is a competition to speed up the training of neural networks.
Karotu
Karotu (fl. 1840s) was a Gilbertese ruler who appears in oral tradition. His father conquered Abemama, Kuria, and Aranuka on behalf of their clan, Tuangaona. Karotu became a powerful landowner and warrior recognized as the islands' ruler. He consolidated his power over the three islands, forming the State of Abemama. Karotu abdicated in the 1840s in favour of Tewaia, his son.

Abemama
Abemama (Apamama) is an atoll, one of the Gilberts group in Kiribati, and is located 152 kilometres (94 miles) southeast of Tarawa and just north of the Equator.  Abemama has an area of 27.37 square kilometres (10.57 square miles) and a population of 3,299 as of 2015. The islets surround a deep lagoon. The eastern part of the atoll of Abemama is linked together by causeways making automobile traffic possible between the different islets. The outlying islands of Abatiku and Biike are situated on the southwestern side of the atoll.

The village of Kariatebike serves as the government center for the atoll which includes an administration building, the police station and a hospital.

Abemama was formerly known as Roger Simpson Island, Dundas Island, Hopper Island, or Simpson Island.
Standing Still (Jewel song)
"Standing Still" is a song by American singer-songwriter Jewel. Recorded in Nashville, Tennessee, the song was included on her fourth studio album, This Way (2001). Jewel wrote the song sometime after the release of her previous album, Spirit, while she was taking a break from her music career. According to Jewel, the song is about stepping back to avoid stagnation from a busy career and wanting a change of scenery from fame.

"Standing Still" was released on September 24, 2001, to positive reviews and commercial success. In the United States, it peaked at number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 in February 2002 and reached the top 10 on the Billboard Triple-A and Adult Top 40 charts. Worldwide, the single reached the top 40 in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. In New Zealand, it peaked at number seven and was the 40th-most-successful single of 2002.

Adult Pop Airplay
The Adult Pop Airplay (formerly known as Adult Pop Songs and Adult Top 40) chart is published weekly by Billboard magazine and ranks "the most popular adult top 40 as based on radio airplay detections measured by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems."

It is a format in which the genre is geared more towards an adult audience who are not into hard rock, hip hop, or soft adult contemporary fare. The main genres within this format are a mix of soft and energetic adult contemporary music alongside adult alternative rock and adult-oriented pop music. It is not to be confused with the Adult Contemporary chart which contains more ballad-driven songs played on the radio. The current number-one song on the chart is "Opalite" by Taylor Swift.
Andrzej Gawroński (linguist)
Andrzej Gawroński (20 June 1885 in Geneva – 11 January 1927 in Józefów, in the vicinity of Warsaw) was a Polish Indologist, linguist and polyglot. Professor of Jagiellonian University and Lwów University, (starting in 1916), the author of the first Polish handbook on Sanskrit (Podręcznik sanskrytu, 1932), founder of Polish Oriental Society (1922) and one of the founders of the Polish Linguistic Society (1925).

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Somnath Chopra
Somnath "Nat" Singh Chopra (1915 – 13 April 1988) was an Indian athlete and volleyball player who represented the India national volleyball team. He competed in the men's hammer throw at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

India men's national volleyball team
The India men's national volleyball team represents India in international volleyball competitions. It is managed by the Volleyball Federation of India and is currently sponsored by Sahara India Pariwar and Asics.

The Indian volleyball team has had a rollercoaster ride in its history. Although they have never qualified for the Olympics, they have appeared in the World Championship twice.

Despite having little to no presence at the world stage in its history, the team has enjoyed some success at the continental level by clinching a silver medal and two bronze medals at the Asian Games. After the decline post 1980s, the team has fared well at the recently introduced Asian Cup competition, receiving a silver and a bronze medal so far.
Horse welfare reforms
Horse welfare reforms refer to changes in laws, regulations, industry practices, and cultural norms aimed at improving the treatment and well-being of horses in various contexts, including sport, work, and companionship.

Many reforms have emerged in response to growing public concern over equine welfare, scientific research on animal behavior, and pressure from advocacy groups and professional organizations. Examples include the prohibition of tail docking in certain jurisdictions, the regulation of training techniques such as rollkur in competitive dressage, and the implementation of welfare standards by equestrian federations. While not always coordinated under a single movement, these reforms reflect a broader trend toward enhancing the ethical treatment of horses across disciplines and regions.

Rollkur
Rollkur or hyperflexion of the horse's neck is defined as "flexion of the horse's neck achieved through aggressive force" and is banned in International and Olympic sanctioned equestrian sports by the governing body, the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI). The FEI recognises a distinction between rollkur and the riding of the horse in a deep outline not achieved by force.

Rollkur has been used by dressage and show jumping riders.  The technique has been controversial for some time; petitions and boycotts (including a threatened boycott of the London 2012 Olympics) have been created to ban the practice. The FEI moved to ban the practice following the release of video of Swedish dressage rider Patrik Kittel using rollkur during a competition warm-up, where the horse's tongue appeared to turn blue as a result of the manoeuvre.
California Volcano Observatory
The California Volcano Observatory (CalVO) is the volcano observatory that monitors the volcanic and geologic activity of California and Nevada. It is a part of the Volcano Hazards Program of the United States Geological Survey, a scientific agency of the United States government.

Originally, the volcano observatory was known as the Long Valley Observatory which monitored volcanic activity east of the Sierra Nevada in Mono County, California which included Long Valley Caldera, Mammoth Mountain, and the Mono–Inyo Craters.

In 2012, the Long Valley Observatory was integrated into the new California Volcano Observatory based in Menlo Park, California which covers the entire states of California and Nevada, this includes the southern Cascade Range volcanoes in the state of California which were previously under the jurisdiction of the Cascades Volcano Observatory.

Long Valley Caldera
Long Valley Caldera is a volcanic caldera in eastern California that is adjacent to Mammoth Mountain. The valley is one of the Earth's largest calderas, measuring about 20 miles (32 km) long (east-west), 11 miles (18 km) wide (north-south), and up to 3,000 feet (910 m) deep.

Long Valley was formed 760,000 years ago when a very large eruption released hot ash that later cooled to form the Bishop tuff that is common to the area. The eruption emptied the magma chamber under the area to the point of collapse. The second phase of the eruption released pyroclastic flows that burned and buried thousands of square miles. Ash from this eruption blanketed much of the western part of what is now the United States.
Viv Solomon-Otabor
Viv Efosa Solomon-Otabor (born 2 January 1996) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for Ningbo Professional.

He joined Birmingham City as a 16-year-old, and made his senior debut while on loan at Conference North club Oxford City in 2014. He first played for Birmingham in the League Cup in August 2015, and spent time on loan to League One clubs Bolton Wanderers in 2016–17, Blackpool for the 2017–18 season, and Portsmouth in 2018–19. He made 33 appearances in the Championship for Birmingham, and turned down their offer of a new contract in 2019. He spent the 2019–20 season with Bulgarian First League club CSKA Sofia before returning to England for a season with another League One club, Wigan Athletic.

Solomon-Otabor was born in England to Nigerian parents, and was an unused substitute for the Nigerian national team in October 2019.

Nigeria national football team
The Nigeria national football team represents Nigeria in international men's football. Governed by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF), they are three-time Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) winners, with their most recent title in 2013. In February 2024, the Nigerian national football team was ranked 28th in the FIFA rankings. The team has qualified for six of the last nine FIFA World Cups, missing only the 2006, 2022 and 2026 tournaments. They have reached the round of 16 on three occasions. Their first World Cup appearance was in the 1994 edition. The team is a member of FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
History of Djibouti
Djibouti is a country in the Horn of Africa bordered by Somalia to the east, Eritrea to west and the Red Sea to the north, Ethiopia to the west and south, and the Gulf of Aden to the east.

In antiquity, the territory was part of the Land of Punt. Djibouti gained its independence on June 27, 1977. The Djibouti area, along with other localities in the Horn region, was later the seat of the medieval Adal and Ifat Sultanates. In the late 19th century, the colony of French Somaliland was established following treaties signed by the ruling Somali and Afar Sultans with the French. It was subsequently renamed to the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas in 1967. A decade later, the Djiboutian people voted for independence, officially marking the establishment of the Republic of Djibouti.

Sultanate of Ifat
The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, or the Kingdom of Zeila was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century.  It was formed in present-day Ethiopia around eastern Shewa in Ifat. Led by the Walashma dynasty, the polity stretched from Zequalla to the port city of Zeila. The kingdom ruled over parts of what are now Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somaliland, Somalia.
Walls of Fire
Walls of Fire is a 1971 American documentary film directed by Herbert Kline and Edmund Penney. Narrated by Ricardo Montalbán, this documentary examines the history of Mexican murals and their artists. Among the works examined are those by José Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The documentary was also won a Golden Globe award for Best Documentary Film in 1972.

José Clemente Orozco
José Clemente Orozco (November 23, 1883 – September 7, 1949) was a Mexican caricaturist and painter, who specialized in political murals that established the Mexican Mural Renaissance together with murals by Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and others.  Orozco was the most complex of the Mexican muralists, fond of the theme of human suffering, but less realistic and more fascinated by machines than Rivera. Mostly influenced by Symbolism, he was also a genre painter and lithographer. Between 1922 and 1948, Orozco painted murals in Mexico City; Orizaba; Claremont, California; New York City; Hanover, New Hampshire; Guadalajara, Jalisco; and Jiquilpan, Michoacán.
Rivière Pot au Beurre (île d'Orléans)
The Pot au Beurre River flows through the municipalities of Sainte-Famille-de-l'Île-d'Orléans and Saint-Pierre-de-l'Île-d'Orléans, in the L'Île-d'Orléans Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province from Quebec, to Canada.

The lower part of this small valley is served by Chemin Royale (route 368) which runs along the northwest shore of Île d'Orléans. Forestry is the main economic activity in the upper part of this valley; and agriculture in the middle and lower part.

The surface of the Pot au Beurre River is generally frozen from the beginning of December until the end of March, except the rapids; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March. The water level of the river varies with the seasons and the precipitation; the spring flood occurs in March or April.

Saint-Pierre-de-l'Île-d'Orléans
Saint-Pierre-de-l'Île-d'Orléans (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ də lil dɔʁleɑ̃], lit. 'Saint-Pierre of the Orléans Island') is a municipality in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada, part of the L'Île-d'Orléans Regional County Municipality. It is situated on the west side of Orléans Island, and accessible by Quebec Route 368 and the Île d'Orléans Bridge which connects Saint-Pierre with the Beauport borough of Quebec City. Until 1997, it was known simply as Saint-Pierre.

The Quebec poet and songwriter Félix Leclerc (1914-1988) is buried in this town, having lived there from 1958 to his death.
Bev Desjarlais
Beverly Faye Desjarlais (née Nowoselsky; August 19, 1955 – March 15, 2018) was a Canadian politician. She represented the Manitoba electoral district of Churchill in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2006, initially as a New Democrat and later as an Independent after losing her party's nomination in late 2005. She had lost the confidence of the NDP after she voted against the Civil Marriage Act, legalizing same-sex marriage in Canada. She later worked as a departmental aide to Conservative Veterans Affairs Minister Greg Thompson.

Her ex-husband, Bob Desjarlais, was a prominent labour leader in northern Manitoba, who campaigned for Mayor of Thompson in 2006.

Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)
The minister of veterans affairs (French: ministre des anciens combattants) is a member of the Cabinet of Canada and the minister of the Crown responsible for Veterans Affairs Canada (VAC). Since 2015, the minister has concurrently been appointed the associate minister of national defence.

VAC is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for administering benefits for members and veterans of the Canadian Armed Forces, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and their family members and caregivers.
Abdul Hameed Shoman
Abdel Hamid Shoman (Arabic: عبد الحميد شومان; born in 1888 – died on September 12, 1974) was a prominent Palestinian businessman, philanthropist, and banker. He is best known as the founder of the Arab Bank (Arabic: البنك العربي), which became one of the largest financial institutions in the Middle East. Shoman's contributions to the region's banking sector and his philanthropic efforts have left a lasting legacy.

Arab Bank
Arab Bank is a Jordanian bank that is one of the largest financial institutions in the Middle East.  It is headquartered today in Amman, Jordan, and operates as a universal bank that serves clients in more than 600 branches spanning five continents. Arab Bank is a publicly held shareholding company listed on the Amman Stock Exchange.

The bank is a major economic engine in Jordan and throughout the Middle East and North Africa region, providing banking services and capital, and facilitating development and trade throughout the region. According to its website in 2018, the bank was the highest-ranked by market capitalization, and represented approximately 25% of the Amman Stock Exchange.

U.S. appellate courts have ruled in the bank's favor in several lawsuits filed in the 2000s alleging its involvement in facilitating the funding of terrorist organizations.