hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamilton Ward Sr.
Hamilton Ward Sr. (July 3, 1829– December 28, 1898) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a judge on the Supreme Court of New York, the attorney general of New York, and a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Inozemtsev model
In quantum statistical physics, the Inozemtsev model is a spin chain, defined on a one-dimensional, periodic lattice. Unlike the prototypical Heisenberg spin chain, which only includes interactions between neighboring sites of the lattice, the Inozemtsev model has long-range interactions, that is, interactions between any pair of sites, regardless of the distance between them.

It was introduced in 1990 by Vladimir Inozemtsev as a model which interpolates between the Heisenberg XXX model and the Haldane–Shastry model. Like those spin chains, the Inozemtsev model is exactly solvable.

Quantum Heisenberg model
The quantum Heisenberg model, developed by Werner Heisenberg, is a statistical mechanical model used in the study of critical points and phase transitions of magnetic systems, in which the spins of the magnetic systems are treated quantum mechanically. It is related to the prototypical Ising model, where at each site of a lattice, a spin  represents a microscopic magnetic dipole to which the magnetic moment is either up or down. Except the coupling between magnetic dipole moments, there is also a multipolar version of Heisenberg model called the multipolar exchange interaction.
Andrew McMaster (songwriter)
Andrew McMaster (born 27 July 1941) is a Scottish songwriter.  He was a member of the band The Motors and wrote the lyrics and music of their hit songs "Dancing the Night Away", "Airport" and "Forget About You" with Nick Garvey. He also wrote works that were recorded and released by Anita Harris, Alex Harvey, Ducks Deluxe (a band he was previously a member of), and James Dewar.

Alex Harvey (musician)
Alexander James Harvey (5 February 1935 – 4 February 1982) was a Scottish rock and blues musician. Although his career spanned almost three decades, he is best remembered as the frontman of the Sensational Alex Harvey Band, with whom he built a reputation as an exciting live performer during the era of glam rock in the 1970s.
Louisiana Highway 181
Louisiana Highway 181 (LA 181) is a state highway located in central Louisiana.  It runs 4.22 miles (6.79 km) in a north–south direction from LA 115 in Lone Pine to U.S. Highway 71 (US 71) in Cheneyville.

The route connects the small town of Cheneyville in southeastern Rapides Parish with Interstate 49 (I-49) and points along rural LA 115.

U.S. Route 71 in Louisiana
U.S. Route 71 is a major north-south United States highway than runs from US 190 near Krotz Springs, Louisiana to Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge in International Falls, Minnesota at the Canada–United States border. In the U.S. state of Louisiana, US 71 begins at an interchange with US 190 west of Krotz Springs, then travels in a mostly northwestern direction to the Arkansas state line just north of Ida, serving the major cities of Alexandria, Bossier City, and Shreveport.

With the advent of the Interstate Highway System, US 71 in Louisiana has been largely superseded by I-49, with most of US 71 running parallel to I-49. US 71 intersects I-49 three times in Louisiana: twice in Alexandria and once near Hosston. Additionally, US 71 briefly overlaps I-20 through Bossier City and Shreveport. The section of US 71 from LA 170 in Gilliam to LA 2 east in Hosston forms part of the Boom or Bust Byway, a Louisiana Scenic Byway.
Burger King Corporation v Hungry Jack's Pty Ltd
Burger King Corporation v Hungry Jack's (2001) 69 NSWLR 558 was an Australian court case decided in the New South Wales Court of Appeal on 21 June 2001, concerning a dispute between United States–based fast food chain Burger King, and its Australian franchisee Hungry Jack's. It related to the breach of a business development agreement between the two companies, and the resulting attempts of Burger King to terminate the contract. The Court of Appeal decided that Burger King could not terminate the contract, for several reasons, one of which was that it was in breach of an implied term of good faith, having taken steps to engineer the breach of the contract.

The case is significant in Australian contract law as one of the most expansive characterisations yet of an implied term of good faith, particularly as it operates to limit parties exercising their contractual rights.

Hungry Jack's
Hungry Jack's Pty Ltd. is an Australian fast food franchise of the Burger King Corporation. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Competitive Foods Australia, with licensing from Restaurant Brands International, a privately held company owned by Jack Cowin. Hungry Jack's owns and operates or sub-licenses all of the Burger King/Hungry Jack's restaurants in Australia.

As the master franchise for Australia, the company is responsible for licensing new operators, opening its own stores and performing standards oversight of franchised locations in Australia. With over 400 locations across Australia, Hungry Jack's is the second-largest franchise of Burger King in the world, second to Carrols Corporation, which is now owned by Restaurant Brands International.
Chartham
Chartham is a village and civil parish in the Canterbury district of Kent, England. It is situated on the Ashford side of the city, and is in the North Downs area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, 2.3 mi (4 km) south west of Canterbury, England. The Great Stour Way path passes through the village. A paper mill in the village that had specialised in the production of tracing paper since 1938 has in 2022 closed down. There are numerous arable farms and orchards in the parish. The village has an unstaffed station, Chartham, and has recently upgraded its staffed level crossing to an automatic barrier.  It has an outlying locality sharing in many of the community resources, Chartham Hatch. Its current Lord Mayor is Gary Dodd.

Nearby communities are Harbledown and Rough Common, Blean, and to the north Thanington.

City of Canterbury
Canterbury (/ˈkæntərbəri/), also known as the City of Canterbury, is a local government district with city status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Canterbury, where the council is based. The district also includes the towns of Fordwich, Herne Bay and Whitstable, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Parts of the district lie within the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from east) are Thanet, Dover, Folkestone and Hythe, Ashford and Swale, all of which are also in Kent. To the north the district has a coast onto the North Sea.
Polarimeter
A polarimeter is a scientific instrument used to measure optical rotation: the angle of rotation caused by passing linearly polarized light through an optically active substance.

Some chemical substances are optically active, and linearly polarized (uni-directional) light will rotate either to the left (counter-clockwise) or right (clockwise) when passed through these substances.  The amount by which the light is rotated is known as the angle of rotation. The direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) and magnitude of the rotation reveals information about the sample's chiral properties such as the relative concentration of enantiomers present in the sample.

Linear polarization
In electrodynamics, linear polarization or plane polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a confinement of the electric field vector or magnetic field vector to a given plane along the direction of propagation. The term linear polarization (French: polarisation rectiligne) was coined by Augustin-Jean Fresnel in 1822. See polarization and plane of polarization for more information.

The orientation of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is defined by the direction of the electric field vector.  For example, if the electric field vector is vertical (alternately up and down as the wave travels) the radiation is said to be vertically polarized.
Ezka
The Ezka river (in Spanish: Esca) is a tributary of the Aragon river that flows along 51 kilometers, mainly through the region of Navarra and to a lesser extent (14 kilometers) through Aragon (province of Zaragoza). It rises at the junction of the Belagua and Uztárroz rivers in the Navarre town of Isaba (Roncal Valley) and flows south through the valley to its mouth at the Yesa Reservoir, downstream from the Aragonese town of Sigüés (La Jacetania).

Aragón (river)
The Aragón (Spanish: Río Aragón; Basque: Aragon Ibaia) is a river in northern Spain, one of the left-hand tributaries of the river Ebro. It rises at Astún (province of Huesca) in the central Pyrenees Mountains, passes southwest through Jaca and Sangüesa (Navarre), and joins the Ebro at Milagro (Navarre), near Tudela. The name Aragón is related to the birth area of the former kingdom, which corresponds to the modern autonomous community of Aragón in Spain.
Chen Ta-ching
Chen Ta-ching (traditional Chinese: 陳大慶; simplified Chinese: 陈大庆; pinyin: Chén Dàqìng; 8 October 1904 - 22 August 1973) was a Chinese National Revolutionary Army general during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. After the Republic of China government withdrew to Taiwan, he served as Governor of Taiwan Province  1969 to 1972 and the Minister of National Defense from 1972 to 1973 before retiring due to health reasons.

Ministry of National Defense (Taiwan)
The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China (MND; Chinese: 中華民國國防部; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guófángbù) is the ministry of the Republic of China (ROC), which is now based primarily in the Taiwan Area but formerly governed Mainland China prior to 1949. It is responsible for all defense and military affairs of Taiwan and surrounding area. The MND has been headed by Minister Wellington Koo since 2024.
Jumana Ghunaimat
Jumana Ghunaimat (Arabic: جمانة غنيمات; born 4 December 1973) is a Jordanian journalist and media figure, and is the former Minister of State for Media Affairs and Government Spokesperson in Prime Minister Omar Al-Razzaz's cabinet on 14 June 2018. She currently occupies the position of Jordan's ambassador to Morocco.

Omar Razzaz
Omar Razzaz (Arabic: عمر الرزاز; born 17 May 1961) is a Jordanian politician who served as the 42nd Prime Minister of Jordan from June 14, 2018 to October 12, 2020. He formed a new government on 5 June 2018 after his predecessor resigned as a result of widespread protests against IMF-backed austerity measures in the country.

Born in Al-Salt, Razzaz began his schooling in Amman, later continuing his studies abroad. He was director of several national and international institutions. He was Minister of Education in Hani Al-Mulki's government since 4 January 2017, before his designation as prime minister and he served as Minister of Defense from 14 June 2018 to October 12  2020.
Antojito
Mexican street food, called antojitos (literally "little cravings"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in Mexico. Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles, fajitas, tortas, even hamburgers and hot dogs, as well as fresh fruits, vegetables, beverages and soups such as menudo, pozole and pancita. Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day. Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and Forbes named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities in the world in which to eat on the street.

Street vendors in Mexico City
The presence of street vendors in Mexico City (known locally in Mexican Spanish as ambulantes) dates back to pre-Hispanic era and over the centuries the government has struggled to control it, with most recently a clearing of downtown streets of vendors in 2007, but despite this there is a persistent presence of many thousands illegally. Even after oscillating between  the realms of legality and illegality, street vending in Mexico and even in other parts of the world, is not the exception but rather has been a norm when it comes to commercial activities. In 2003, it was estimated that there were 199,328 street vendors in Mexico City.
Cranosauruses
The Cranosauruses (Polish: Dźwigozaury; German: Kranosaurier) are three historical small container cranes in Szczecin, Poland, placed at a waterfront promenade of Łasztownia island, at 6 Tadeusza Apolinarego Wendy Street, within the neighbourhood of Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka. They were originally constructed in the 1930s, and remained in use until the early 2000s. Currently a property of the National Museum in Szczecin, they were renovated between 2016 and 2017, and are now seen as a recognizable symbol of the city.

National Museum in Szczecin
The National Museum in Szczecin (Polish: Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie) is a national museum in Szczecin, Poland, established on 1 August 1945. The museum features ancient and modern art, archaeological, historical, numismatic, nautical and ethnographic collections and is divided into six branches, five located in Szczecin and one in Gryfice.
Bulusan National Vocational Technical School
Bulusan National Vocational Technical School (also known as Voc-Tec) is a public vocational and technical school at the entrance of San Jose, Bulusan, Sorsogon. It was founded through the effort of the local government and the first administrator, Jose Geñorga, TESDA Vocational School Administrator II (VSA II), approved 1995 by the Philippine Congress. At present, it is run by Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) of Department of Labor and Employment.

It was approved under Republic Act No. 8073: An act establishing a National Vocational-Technical School in the Municipality of Bulusan.

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA [ˈtɛsda]; Filipino: Pangasiwaan sa Edukasyong Teknikal at Pagpapaunlad ng Kasanayan) serves as the technical vocational education and training (TVET) authority of the Philippines. As a government agency, TESDA's goals are to develop the Filipino workforce with "world-class competence and positive work values" and to manage, supervise, and provide quality technical-educational and skills development through its direction, policies, and programs.
Warpath (video game)
Warpath is a 2006 first-person shooter video game developed by Digital Extremes. The game was originally being developed as a sequel to Pariah, but since Pariah was a commercial flop, Warpath continued development as a whole new game. However, the similarities between the gameplay of both games are very apparent.

Pariah (video game)
Pariah is a first-person shooter video game developed by Digital Extremes. It was released in May 2005 for Microsoft Windows and Xbox. It uses a modified version of the Unreal Engine 2 and the Havok physics engine. A PlayStation 2 version was also in development but cancelled.
Gates in Aurangabad
The Gates of Aurangabad distinguish it from several other medieval cities in India. Each of the 52 gates have a local history or had individuals linked with it.

Out of the 52, only four main and nine subordinate gates have survived, the most famous, oldest and biggest of them being the Bhadkal Gate near the Naukhanda Palace of Nizams.

Bhadkal Gate
19°53′19″N 75°19′18″E﻿ / ﻿19.888733°N 75.321676°E﻿ / 19.888733; 75.321676

Bhadkal Gate is a structure in Aurangabad City in Maharashtra, India. This gate is the biggest in the city. It was built by Ahamadnagar's Murtaza Nizamshah's vizier Malik Ambar to commemorate the victory against the Mughals in 1612. It is also known as Victory Gate.

The monument is listed under State Protected Monuments of Maharashtra as compiled by Archaeological Survey of India.
Kim Yong-won
Kim Yong-won (Korean: 김용원; born 1966) is a South Korean serial killer and rapist who killed two women and a child around various cities in North Chungcheong Province from March to June 2005, in addition to being suspected, but never charged with, the 1994 murder of a man during an argument. He was convicted and sentenced to death for the latter crimes, which were compared to the more infamous Yoo Young-chul's murders due to their sheer brutality.

Yoo Young-chul
Yoo Young-chul (Korean: 유영철; born 18 April 1970), also known as the Raincoat Killer or Raincoat Man, is a South Korean serial killer, sex offender, and self-confessed cannibal. After he admitted to the murders of multiple people, mostly prostitutes and wealthy old couples, the Seoul Central District Court convicted him of 20 murders, although one case was dismissed when it turned out that the crime had been committed by another serial killer, Jeong Nam-gyu. Yoo burned three and mutilated at least 11 of his victims and admitted that he ate the livers of some of his victims. He committed his crimes between September 2003 and July 2004 and was apprehended on 15 July 2004. Yoo explained his motives in front of a TV camera saying "Women shouldn't be sluts, and the rich should know what they've done."
New Mexico State Road 192
State Road 192 (NM 192) is a 2.367-mile-long (3.809 km), paved, two-lane state highway in Doña Ana County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. NM 192's western terminus is near San Miguel at the road's junction with NM 28. The road's eastern terminus is near Mesquite at the road's junction with NM 478. The road continues as NM 228 from the junction. NM 192 is also known as Mesquite Drive.

New Mexico State Road 28
New Mexico State Road 28 (NM 28) is a 30.346-mile-long (48.837 km) paved, two-lane state highway in Doña Ana County, in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It travels south-to-north roughly paralleling the Rio Grande.

The southern terminus of NM 28 is at the Texas state line west of Canutillo where Farm to Market Road 259 (FM 259; Canutillo La Union Avenue) ends. The northern terminus is in Las Cruces where it intersects NM 478. It also has an interchange with Interstate 10 (I-10) in Las Cruces, shortly before its terminus.
Law enforcement in Denmark
Law enforcement in Denmark is handled by a number of organisations, under the responsibility of various ministries:

Ministry of Justice:
Police of Denmark, common law enforcement
Rigspolitiet, specialised police enforcement
Politiets Aktionsstyrke, police special response unit
Politiets Efterretningstjeneste, national security and intelligence service

Tax Ministry:
SKAT, tax, customs and border authority

Ministry of Defence:
Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste, military intelligence and foreign intelligence service
Danish Military Police, police enforcement within Danish military
Danish Home Guard Police Branch, simple enforcement on behalf of either the Police of Denmark or Danish Military Police

Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries:
The Danish Food Administration, inspection of food handling companies
The Danish Fisheries Directorate, inspection of fishing vessels in Danish waters

Police of Denmark
The Police of Denmark (Danish: Politiet; Faroese: Løgreglan; Greenlandic: Politiit) is the national police force and the internal part of the Danish security forces (the Danish Defence being the external) in the Danish Realm (Denmark proper, Greenland and Faroe Islands). The police are empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order, as well as being responsible for border control.
Ghulam Rasool Hazarvi
Ghulām Rasool Hazārvi (1854–1918; also known as Ghulām Rasool Bafvi) was an Indian Islamic scholar and one of the earliest teachers of Darul Uloom Deoband. He served as a teacher in Darul Uloom Deoband for about thirty one years. His teachers included Syed Ahmad Dehlavi and Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. His students included Abdur Rahim Popalzai, Anwar Shah Kashmiri, Asghar Hussain Deobandi, Hussain Ahmad Madani, Izaz Ali Amrohi, Kifayatullah Dehlawi, Manazir Ahsan Gilani, Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri, Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi, and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.

Manazir Ahsan Gilani
Manazir Ahsan Gilani (1 October 1892 – 5 June 1956) was an Indian Sunni Islamic scholar and former Dean of the Faculty of Theology at Osmania University. Some of his notable works include Tadwin-e-Hadith, Muqaddama Tadwin-e-Fiqh, Sawanih-e-Abu Dharr Ghifari, and Sawanih-e-Qasmi. Muhammad Hamidullah,  a historian and hadith researcher, was among his students.
Wanaparthy district
Wanaparthy district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. Its headquarters is Wanaparthy. The district shares boundaries with Gadwal, Mahabubnagar, Narayanpet, Nagarkurnool districts, as well as the state boundary of Andhra Pradesh.

Nagarkurnool district
Nagarkurnool district  is a district in the southern region of the Indian state of Telangana. The town of Nagarkurnool is the district headquarters.The district shares boundaries with Nalgonda, Rangareddy, Mahabubnagar, Wanaparthy districts and with the state boundary of Andhra Pradesh.
Adeyemo Alakija
Oloye Sir Adeyemo Alakija, Listenⓘ KBE (25 May 1884 – 10 May 1952) was a Nigerian lawyer, politician and businessman. He served as a member of the Nigerian legislative council for nine years starting in 1933. In 1942, he became a member of the governor's Executive Council. Alakija was president of Egbe Omo Oduduwa from 1948 until his death in 1952.

Alakija's collaboration with Herbert Macaulay and Egerton Shyngle early in his political career brought him prominence but after falling out with Macaulay and because of his moderate political views, his popularity began to wane until the early 1950s when he had begun to develop favour in the eyes of the public. Alakija developed close relationships with many organizations and communities among whom were the Lebanese and Syrian community in Nigeria, he was decorated with a medal of the cedars after his visit to Lebanon in 1949.

He held the chieftaincy titles of the Lisa of Egbaland and the Woje Ileri of Ile-Ife.

Herbert Macaulay
Olayinka Herbert Samuel Heelas Badmus Macaulay // ⓘ (14 November 1864 – 7 May 1946) was a Nigerian nationalist, politician, surveyor, engineer, architect, journalist, and musician. Macaulay is considered by many as founder of Nigerian nationalism.
Petrinja
Petrinja (pronounced [pětriːɲa]) is a town in central Croatia near Sisak in the historic region of Banovina. It is administratively located in Sisak-Moslavina County.

On December 29, 2020, the town was hit by a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 Mw, causing significant damage to the town.

Sisak
Sisak (pronounced [sǐːsak]; also known by other alternative names) is a city in central Croatia, spanning the confluence of the Kupa, Sava and Odra rivers, 57 km (35 mi) southeast of the Croatian capital Zagreb, and is usually considered to be where the Posavina (Sava basin) begins, with an elevation of 99 m. The city's total population in 2021 was 40,185 of which 27,886 live in the urban settlement (naselje).

Sisak is the administrative centre of the Sisak-Moslavina County, Croatia's biggest river port and a centre of river shipping industry (Dunavski Lloyd). It lies on the D36 state road and the Zagreb-Sisak-Novska railway. Sisak is a regional economic, cultural and historical center. The largest oil refinery in Croatia is located in Sisak.