hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivan Uzhevych
Ivan Petrovych Uzhevych (born 1610s, perhaps North Volhynia – after 1645) was a Ruthenian grammarian.

Very little is known about his biography: From 1637 he studied at Cracow University, then in 1643 he was a student of theology at the Sorbonne, Paris. He wrote a Polish ode on the occasion of the marriage of a certain Aleksander Przyłęcki with Ewa Rupniowa, which was printed in 1641. Uzhevych is well known to East Slavic language historians as the author of the first grammar of the Ruthenian language.

He wrote his name Іωаннъ Ужевичъ Словянинъ (Ioann Uzhevych Slovyanyn), Ioannes Usevicius Sclavonus, Ioannes Ugevicius Sclavonus, Jan Użewic; in the student register of Cracow University he is written Ioannes Petri Uzewicz d. Vil., but is today best known as: Belarusian: Іван Ужэвіч (Ivan Uzhevich), Polish: Jan Użewicz, Ukrainian: Іва́н Петро́вич Уже́вич (Ivan Uzhevych).

George Shevelov
George Shevelov (born Yuri Schneider, 17 December 1908 – 12 April 2002) was a Ukrainian-American professor, linguist, philologist, essayist, literary historian, and literary critic. A longtime professor of Slavic philology at Columbia University, he challenged the prevailing notion of a unified East Slavic language from which Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian later developed, instead proposing that these languages emerged independently from one another.
Angzarr
The angzarr (⍼) is an obscure typographical symbol with a vague, unconfirmed meaning. A typographic source from the 1950s and 1960s refers to it as a mathematical symbol for azimuth, but it is not known to have ever been used in mathematics.

The symbol gained notoriety in the 2020s when researchers investigated how an unknown symbol became embedded in Unicode's character set, placing it into all modern computer systems.

The name is from an abbreviation of its ISO 9573-13 name, "Angle with Down Zig-zag Arrow", also reflected in its Unicode name, "Right Angle with Downwards Zigzag Arrow". Its HTML entity reference, originally defined in ISO 9573-13 for use in SGML, is &angzarr;. It has been included in Unicode since version 3.2.

Standard Generalized Markup Language
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates":

Declarative: Markup should describe a document's structure and other attributes rather than specify the processing that needs to be performed, because it is less likely to conflict with future developments.

Rigorous: In order to allow markup to take advantage of the techniques available for processing, markup should rigorously define objects like programs and databases.

DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are examples which used SGML tools.
Stephen Bollenbach
Stephen Frasier Bollenbach (July 14, 1942 – October 8, 2016) was a financial manager and former CEO and CFO for many hotel-related organizations. After working with financier Daniel K. Ludwig from 1968 to 1980, he oversaw mergers and acquisitions for various corporations such as the Marriott Corporation, Holiday Corporation, Harrah's Entertainment, the Trump Organization, Disney, and Hilton Hotels. He was on numerous corporate boards, including the non-executive chairman of Los Angeles-based KB Home and a member of the board of directors of Time Warner. Additionally, Bollenbach was on the board of directors for American International Group during the 2008 financial crisis, and was also a director of Harrah's Entertainment, Inc., Macy's, Inc., and the Los Angeles World Affairs Council.

Daniel K. Ludwig
Daniel Keith Ludwig (June 24, 1897 – August 27, 1992) was an American shipping businessman, who was also involved in many other industries. He pioneered the construction of super tankers in Japan, founded Exportadora de Sal, SA in Mexico and developed it as the largest salt company in the world, built a model community in association with the Jari project, which he pioneered, on the Amazon River in Brazil to produce pulp paper, and had numerous hotels around the world.

Though he was one of the wealthiest tycoons of his day, with operations spanning 23 countries, Ludwig remained completely obscure due to his reclusive lifestyle. He "avoided the press like the plague", keeping a low profile throughout his business career. He only gave one interview during his lifetime, which he granted to Dero A. Saunders of Fortune Magazine in 1957. Ludwig was #1 on the first Forbes 400 list in 1982.
Von Klingen family
The von Klingen family (and its two main lineages of von Altenklingen and von Hohenklingen) were a baronial family from Thurgau documented from the 12th to the 15th centuries. Their possessions were scattered across a wide radius around Altenklingen Castle (in Wigoltingen) northwest of the Ottenberg, along Lower Lake Constance and around Hohenklingen Castle near Stein am Rhein. The family inhabited the latter castle until the 15th century as bailiffs of the town and advocates of St. George's Abbey.

Thurgau
Thurgau (/ˈtʊərɡaʊ/ TOOR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈtuːrɡaʊ] ⓘ; French: Thurgovie; Italian: Turgovia; Romansh: Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, and formally as the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts. Its capital is Frauenfeld.

Thurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland. It is named after the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

The population, as of December 2020, is 282,909. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 resident foreigners, constituting 19.9% of the population.
Jake Flake
Franklin Lars "Jake" Flake (August 4, 1935 – June 8, 2008) was an American politician who served as a Senator in the Arizona State Legislature from 2005 until his death. Previous to his term as State Senator, he served as a Representative in the Arizona Legislature, including a stint as Speaker of the House.

Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.
Egnatia gens
The gens Egnatia was a plebeian family of equestrian rank at ancient Rome.  Only a few of the Egnatii held any magistracies, of whom the most important may have been Gnaeus Egnatius, who held the praetorship during the second century BC, and served as governor of Macedonia, shortly after its institution as a Roman province.

Praetor
Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective itself: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship. The minimum age for holding the praetorship was 39 during the Roman Republic, but it was later changed to 30 in the early Empire.
Clan Home
Clan Home (pronounced and sometimes spelt Hume) is a Scottish clan. It held immense power for much of the Middle Ages and dominated the eastern Scottish Border country. It produced no fewer than eight Wardens of the Eastern March, more than any other family.

Lord Warden of the Marches
The Lord Warden of the Marches was an office in the governments of Scotland and England. The holders were responsible for the security of the border between the two nations, and often took part in military action. They were also responsible, along with Conservators of the Truce, for administering the special type of border law known as March law.

The Marches on both sides of the border were traditionally split into West, Middle, and East, each with their own warden answerable to the Lord Warden-general. The English Western March was based on Carlisle and the Eastern March on Berwick-upon-Tweed.

The offices became unnecessary after the union of the crowns of England and Scotland under King James in 1603.
Theerthakkarai
Theerthakkarai is a holy place of Ayyavazhi. It is located 0.6 kilometres (0.37 mi) south-east of the main pathi at Muttappathi at the end  of the Muttapathi road at the rocky-shores. It is the second holiest sea-theertham according to Akilam. This is the place where the second and third Vinchais of Vaikundar took place. It was in memory of this event the Panguni Theertham is conducted.

Vinchai to Vaikundar
In the literature of Hinduism, Vinchai are proclamations and instructions to the newly born child Vaikundar, by his father Lord Narayana, also known as Vishnu, one of the three godheads in Akilathirattu Ammanai, the source of Ayyavazhi mythology. Three such Vichais took place during the period of Vaikundar; the first in Thiruchendur, immediately after his incarnation; the venue second and third Vinchais are in Muttapathi (sea), one by one between his incarnational activities.
Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Ice dance
The ice dance competition at the 2022 Winter Olympics was held on 12 and 14 February at the Capital Indoor Stadium in Beijing, China. Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron of France won the gold medals, Victoria Sinitsina and Nikita Katsalapov, representing the Russian Olympic Committee, won the silver, and Madison Hubbell and Zachary Donohue of the United States won the bronze. In addition to their gold medal victory, Papadakis and Cizeron also set new world record scores in both the rhythm dance and overall total.

Rhythm dance
The rhythm dance (RD) is the first segment of an ice dance competition. The International Skating Union (ISU) renamed the short dance to the "rhythm dance" in June 2018, prior to the 2018–2019 season. It became part of international competitions in July 2018. American ice dancers Madison Chock and Evan Bates hold the highest RD score of 93.91, which they achieved at the World Team Trophy in 2023.
2014 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2014 FIVB Women's World Championship was the seventeenth edition of the competition, contested by the 24 senior women's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. The final tournament was held from 23 September to 12 October 2014 in Italy.

The United States won their first world title, defeating China in four sets at the final. Reigning Olympic champions Brazil won the 3rd place match, defeating Italy in five sets. Kimberly Hill was selected Most Valuable Player.

Italy women's national volleyball team
The Italy women's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. As of 2025, they hold three major trophies: they are the current Olympics champions, 2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League title holders and world champions. The national team is controlled by the Federazione Italiana Pallavolo (FIPAV), the governing body for volleyball in Italy. The team's biggest victories were the gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics, the 2002 and 2025 World Championships, and the 2007 and 2011 World Cups. In 28 September 2025, with Italy equaled a record previously held by the USSR by becoming world volleyball champions in both men’s and women’s competitions — a feat the Soviet Union had achieved in 1952 and 1960.
Ahmed Bahnini
Ahmed Bahnini (Arabic: أحمد بحنيني; c. 1909 – 10 July 1971) was a Moroccan politician who served as the Prime Minister of Morocco from 1963 to 1965 under King Hassan II. He also served as President of the Supreme Court. Bahnini was killed during a failed coup attempt against Hassan II on 10 July 1971.

Hassan II of Morocco
Hassan II (Arabic: الحسن الثاني, romanized: al-Ḥasan aṯ-ṯhānī; 9 July 1929 – 23 July 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999. A member of the Alawi dynasty, he was the eldest son of King Mohammed V, and his second wife Princess Abla bint Tahar.

He was named crown prince in 1957 and was the first commander-in-chief of the Royal Armed Forces. He was enthroned as king in 1961 following his father's death. His reign was marked by the start of the Western Sahara conflict and the Sand War, as well as two failed coup attempts against him in 1971 and in 1972. Hassan's conservative approach reportedly strengthened his rule over Morocco and the Western Sahara. He was accused of authoritarian practices, as well as human rights and civil rights abuses, particularly during the Years of Lead. A truth commission was set up after his death to investigate allegations of human rights violations during his reign.
Argentina Open
The IEB+ Argentina Open or Abierto Argentino is an annual ATP men's tennis event held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The tournament is listed as an ATP 250 on the ATP Tour, and is played on outdoor clay courts at the 5,500 capacity Buenos Aires Lawn Tennis Club, in the Palermo barrio (neighborhood). Usually held in February, it includes both singles and doubles events.

The tournament was established in 1927 as the Argentina International Championships and was a combined men's and women's event from 1928 until 1987 when the women's tournament was discontinued (after 34 years the women's event resumed in 2021). Between 1970 and 1988 it was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and a Grand Prix Super Series event (1970–71). Between 1993 and 1995 it was part of the ATP World Series.

This event is not to be confused with the Argentine Championship (1918-1997), which was the open national championships of Argentina held at the Tennis Club Argentino (founded 1913) also in Buenos Aires.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Xinzhou, Wuhan
Xinzhou (Chinese: 新洲; pinyin: Xīnzhōu) is one of 13 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China, covering part of the city's northeastern suburbs and situated on the northern (left) bank of the Yangtze River. It is also the easternmost of Wuhan's districts. It borders the districts of Hongshan to the southwest and Huangpi to the west, as well as the prefecture-level cities of Huanggang to the north and east and Ezhou to the south.

The Wuhan Yangluo Airfield (武汉阳逻机场) is located in Xinzhou District.

Huanggang
Huanggang is a prefecture-level city in easternmost Hubei Province, China. It is situated to the north of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and is bounded in the north by the Dabie Mountains and is named after Mount Huanggang. It borders Henan in the north, Anhui in the east and Jiangxi in the south.

The city's administrative area covers 17,453 square kilometers (6,739 sq mi) and the total population was 5,882,719 as of the 2020 census whom 456,862 resided in the Huangzhou urban district, making it the second most populous city in the province by administrative population, after Wuhan, the provincial capital. the Ezhou – Huanggang built-up (or metro) area was home to 1,152,559 inhabitants comprising (Echeng district and Huangzhou district of Huanggang), and many of its residents work in Wuhan. In 2007, the city is named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.
Soner Cagaptay
Soner Cagaptay (Turkish: Soner Çağaptay; born in 1970) is a Turkish-American political scientist based in the United States. He is director of the Turkish Research Program at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. He specializes in Turkey–United States relations, Turkish politics, and Turkish nationalism.

The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), also known simply as The Washington Institute (TWI), is a pro-Israel American think tank based in Washington, D.C., focused on the foreign policy of the United States in the Near East.

WINEP was established in 1985 with the support of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) and the funding of many AIPAC donors, in order to provide higher quality research than AIPAC's own publications. John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt described WINEP as "part of the core" of the Israel lobby in the United States.
Czech Basketball All-Star Game
The Czech Basketball All-Star Game (or NBL All-Star Game) is an annual basketball event in Czech Republic, organised by the NBL, the country's top basketball league. It started in 1995.

Former NBA players like Tomáš Satoranský, and George Zidek have featured in the event.

Tomáš Satoranský
Tomáš Satoranský (born 30 October 1991) is a Czech professional basketball player and the team captain for FC Barcelona of the Spanish Liga ACB and the EuroLeague. Standing at 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m), he primarily plays at the point guard position, but he can also play as a shooting guard or small forward due to his height and wingspan.
DownThemAll!
DownThemAll! (DTA) is a free and open source download manager browser extension. DTA can download all or some linked files, images, or embedded objects associated with a web page. It can pause, resume, or restart downloads.

Browser extension
A browser extension is a software module for customizing a web browser. Browsers typically allow users to install a variety of extensions, including user interface modifications, cookie management, ad blocking, and the custom scripting and styling of web pages.

Browser plug-ins are a different type of module and no longer supported by the major browsers. One difference is that extensions are distributed as source code, while plug-ins are executables (i.e. object code). The most popular browser, Google Chrome, has over 200,000 extensions available but stopped supporting plug-ins in 2020.
Hannah Pfalzgraf
Hannah Pfalzgraf (born 1997) is a Swiss trade unionist and politician who has served in the Cantonal Council of Zürich since 2018 as a member of the Social Democratic Party. Taking office at the age of 20, she was the youngest-ever cantonal councillor in Zürich at the time. Pfalzgraf has also been co-president of the Trade Union Confederation of the Canton of Zurich since 2023.

Canton of Zurich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch, is commonly spoken.

The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.993) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita.
Irvin B. Nathan
Irvin Bertram Nathan (born August 4, 1943) is an American lawyer from Washington, DC. He served as the attorney general of the District of Columbia from 2011 to 2015. He was appointed in 2011 by Mayor Vincent C. Gray. He previously served as the general counsel of the United States House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011. Nathan announced his resignation the day after the November 2014 election, in which voters chose Karl Racine as the first elected attorney general of D.C.

Attorney General for the District of Columbia
The Attorney General for the District of Columbia is the chief legal officer of the District of Columbia. The position has been elected by popular vote of D.C. residents since 2015. The current attorney general is Brian Schwalb, who has served since January 2, 2023.

Due to D.C.'s unique status as a federal enclave and not part of a state, the attorney general's position is unique, and shares some similarities with other states' attorneys general, some with local prosecutors and some with municipal legal departments.

The attorney general enforces many of the district's laws, provides advice and counsel the local government and departments, and assists consumers and others in the district. He is responsible for prosecuting juvenile criminal law and some misdemeanor crimes for adults, but adult felonies and other prosecutions are handled by the U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, a federal Department of Justice official who is appointed by and reports to the president.
Herbert Giles
Herbert Allen Giles (Chinese: 翟理斯, romanized: Zhái Lǐsī; 8 December 1845 – 13 February 1935) was a British diplomat and sinologist who held the Professorship of Chinese at the University of Cambridge for 35 years. Giles was educated at Charterhouse School before becoming a British diplomat in China. He modified a Mandarin Chinese romanization system established by Thomas Wade, resulting in the widely known Wade–Giles Chinese romanization system. Among his many works were translations of the Analects of Confucius, the Lao Tzu (Tao Te Ching), the Chuang Tzu, and, in 1892, the widely published A Chinese–English Dictionary.

Charterhouse School
Charterhouse is a private school providing boarding facilities for pupils aged 13–18 in Godalming, Surrey, England. Founded by Thomas Sutton in 1611 on the site of the old Carthusian monastery in Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London, it educates over 1000 pupils, aged 13 to 18 years. Charterhouse is one of the original nine English public schools reported upon by the Clarendon Commission in 1864 leading to its regulation by the Public Schools Act 1868.

Charterhouse charges full boarders around £48,038.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026), alongside charging day pupils around £37,418.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026) . It educated the British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool and has numerous notable alumni.