hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Simon Schaffer
Simon J. Schaffer (born 1 January 1955) is a historian of science, previously a professor of the history and philosophy of science at the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge and was editor of The British Journal for the History of Science from 2004 to 2009.

The British Journal for the History of Science
The British Journal for the History of Science (BJHS) is an international academic journal published quarterly by Cambridge University Press in association with the British Society for the History of Science. It was founded under its present title in 1962 but was preceded by the Bulletin of the British Society for the History of Science which was itself founded in 1949. The journal publishes papers and reviews on the subject of the history of science. The journal is currently edited by Doctor Amanda Rees, who works at the University of York.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 0.7. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Clarivate, Scopus, and ProQuest.
Cisa Pass
The Cisa Pass or La Cisa Pass is a mountain pass in Italy that marks the division between the Ligurian and Tuscan Apennines. It is located on the border between northern Tuscany (Province of Massa-Carrara) and Emilia-Romagna (Province of Parma), near the source of the Magra River at an altitude of 1,040 meters (3,414 feet) above sea level.

Province of Parma
The province of Parma (Italian: provincia di Parma) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its largest town and capital is the city of Parma.

It is made up of 47 comuni (sg.: comune). It has an area of 3,449 square kilometres (1,332 sq mi) and a total population of around 450,000.

The province is bordered by the province of Reggio Emilia to the east, the Piacenza to the west, Lombardy's provinces of Cremona and Mantua to the north and by Liguria's provinces of La Spezia and Genoa and Tuscany's Province of Massa-Carrara to the south.
Duke of Inverness
The Dukedom of Inverness was first created a title in the Jacobite Peerage of Great Britain, and as such was not recognised by the government or monarch or Great Britain. Its only holder was John Hay of Cromlix.

In 1840 Lady Cecilia Underwood was created the Duchess of Inverness in her own right. She was the second wife of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, Earl of Inverness, the sixth son of King George III. Their marriage was deemed illegal because of the Royal Marriages Act 1772, so Cecilia was never recognized as Duchess of Sussex or a British princess. Instead, Queen Victoria created Cecilia Duchess of Inverness with remainder to the heirs male of her body lawfully begotten. The title became extinct upon her death in 1873.

Cecilia Underwood, Duchess of Inverness
Cecilia Underwood, Duchess of Inverness (née Gore and formerly Buggin; c. 1789 – 1 August 1873) was the second wife of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (sixth son of King George III). Despite marrying, like the Prince's first marriage, their union was in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act 1772 and as such was considered legally void. Consequently, she could not be styled either as the Duchess of Sussex nor a Princess. She was created Duchess of Inverness, in her own right, by Queen Victoria, on 10 April 1840.
HiveColab
HiveColab is an innovation hub and startup incubator in Kampala, Uganda. The space was founded in 2010  and is noted as being one of Africa's first innovation hubs of note along with the IHub.   HiveColab was founded by African technologist and Appfrica CEO Jon Gosier, Senegalese Born, British Businesswoman Marieme Jamme, Daniel Stern, Teddy Ruge and supported by Director Barbara Birungi. The space is funded by Appfrica, IndigoTrust  and Dutch NGO Hivos. HiveColab is one of the founding members of Afrilabs a network of African innovation hubs across the continent. Barbara Birungi has stated she's passionate about how technology can change the future of Africa, for women in particular.

Barbara Birungi
Barbara (Birungi) Mutabazi (born 7 August 1986) is a Ugandan technologist, entrepreneur, and mentor. She is a co-founder and founding manager of HiveColab in Kampala, Uganda. She is the founder of Women in Technology Uganda, an initiative aimed at helping women and girls pursue technology careers. Prior to Hive Colab, Mutabazi was a member of staff at the African technology firm Appfrica.
Stadiametric rangefinding
Stadiametric rangefinding, or the stadia method / stadiametry, is a technique of measuring distances with a telescopic instrument. The term stadia comes from a Greek unit of length Stadion (equal to 600 Greek feet, pous) which was the typical length of a sports stadium of the time. Stadiametric rangefinding is used for surveying and in the telescopic sights of firearms, artillery pieces, or tank guns, as well as some binoculars and other optics.  It is still widely used in long-range military sniping, but in many professional applications it is being replaced with microwave, infrared, or laser rangefinding methods.  Although much easier to use, electronic rangefinders can give away the shooter's position to a well-equipped adversary, and the need for accurate range estimation has existed for much longer than electronic rangefinders small and rugged enough to be suitable for military use.

Tank gun
A tank gun or tank cannon is the main armament of a tank. Modern tank guns are high-velocity, large-caliber artillery capable of firing kinetic energy penetrators, high-explosive anti-tank, and cannon-launched guided projectiles. Additional weapons, such as anti-aircraft guns, heavy machine guns and rocket launchers can also be mounted to tanks.

As the tank's primary armament, they are almost always employed in a direct fire mode to defeat a variety of ground targets at all ranges, including dug-in infantry, lightly armored vehicles, and especially other heavily armored tanks. They must provide accuracy, range, penetration, and rapid fire in a package that is as compact and lightweight as possible, to allow mounting in the cramped confines of an armored gun turret. Tank guns generally use self-contained ammunition, allowing rapid loading (or use of an autoloader). They often display a bulge in the barrel, which is a bore evacuator, or a device on the muzzle, which is a muzzle brake.
Dreams in Colour
Dreams in Colour is the third solo album released by Portuguese pop rock singer David Fonseca. It was released in Portugal on 8 October 2007, to critical and commercial acclaim. Previously, the single "Superstars" had been released.The second single was "Rocket Man (I Think It's Going to Be a Long, Long Time)", a cover of the Elton John song. The video went out on 17 November. The third single, "Kiss Me, Oh Kiss Me" received a considerable airplay on Portuguese radio stations.

David Fonseca
David Fonseca (Portuguese pronunciation: [dɐˈvið fõˈsekɐ], born on 14 June 1973, in Leiria) is a Portuguese musician, singer-songwriter, and photographer. As a musician, he plays several instruments, including acoustic guitar and organ. He is recognized for his successful music career as a member of Silence 4 and, since 2003, as a solo artist. He is also responsible for the graphic design of his album covers and the art direction on his video clips. Between 2004 and 2006, he was also part of the Humanos tribute project.
Korneliya Ninova
Korneliya Petrova Ninova (Bulgarian: Корнелия Петрова Нинова [korˈnɛlijɐ ˈninova]) is a Bulgarian politician, a former leader and MP of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). She was chairwoman of BSP from 2016 to 2024. She currently leads Nepokorna Bulgaria, a centre-left political movement.

Bulgarian Socialist Party
The Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), also known as The Centenarian, is a centre-left, social democratic political party in Bulgaria. The BSP is a member of the Socialist International, Party of European Socialists, and Progressive Alliance. Although founded in 1990 in its modern form, it traces its political heritage back to the founding of the BRSDP in 1891. It is also Bulgaria's largest party by membership numbers.
Grindlay family
The Grindlay family (Old English: [compound] Grēne/Grynde + Leāh/Leā) is an Anglo-Scottish knightly family of medieval origin.

Among the oldest landed families in Great Britain, it now has two primary branches, one in the English Midlands and the other in the former Scottish Marches, with a small presence in Ireland, North America, Australasia, and South Africa. The family established themselves as landed lords, knights, and gentry, but more recently were prominent British bankers (see Grindlays Bank), officials, industrialists, soldiers, and freemasons during the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.

As an armigerous family whose position arose from feudal manorial lordships and knightly service, the Grindlay family rank among the British minor nobility or noblesse d'épée.

Derwent Island House
Derwent Island House (often called Derwent Isle House) is a Grade II listed 18th-century Italianate house situated on the seven-acre (three-hectare) Derwent Island, Derwent Water, Keswick, Cumbria, and in the ownership of the National Trust. It is leased as a private home, but is open to the public five days a year. The interior is neoclassical in style.
Poverty's No Crime
Poverty's No Crime is a German progressive metal band founded in 1991 by Volker Walsemann, Marco Ahrens, Andreas Tegeler, Christian Scheele, and Marcello Maniscalco.  Their first two albums, Symbiosis and The Autumn Years were released under their old record company, Noise Records.  Their subsequent albums were released under the InsideOut record company.  Their albums have received positive attention from the German magazine, Rock Hard.

Inside Out Music
InsideOutMusic is a progressive rock record label originally based in Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, dedicated to releasing progressive rock, progressive metal and related styles. In 2009, it formed a partnership with Century Media Records and moved its base of operations to Dortmund, also in North Rhine-Westphalia. In August 2016, Century Media and InsideOutMusic were acquired by Sony Music Entertainment and moved their operations to Berlin.
Drinkin' Songs
"Drinkin' Songs" is a song recorded by Canadian country artist MacKenzie Porter. The song was co-written by Griffen Palmer and Lucas Nord. It was the fourth single from Porter's extended play Drinkin' Songs: The Collection.

MacKenzie Porter
MacKenzie Lea Porter (born January 29, 1990) is a Canadian country singer, songwriter, and actress. She has released two albums (MacKenzie Porter and Nobody's Born with a Broken Heart) and achieved four Canada Country number ones with "About You", "These Days", "Seeing Other People", and "Pickup". She was featured on Dustin Lynch's number one Country Airplay hit "Thinking 'Bout You". She is also one-half of Thelma and James, a musical duo with her husband Jake Etheridge. As an actor, she is best known for her leading role as a future-sent medic in the television series Travelers.
This One's Gonna Hurt You (For a Long, Long Time)
"This One's Gonna Hurt You (For a Long, Long Time)" is a song written by American country music artist Marty Stuart, who recorded the song as a duet with Travis Tritt. It was released in June 1992 as the first single from Stuart's album This One's Gonna Hurt You.  It peaked at #7 in the United States, and #6 Canada.

This One's Gonna Hurt You
This One's Gonna Hurt You is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Marty Stuart, released on July 7, 1992, by MCA Nashville. It peaked at #12 on the Top Country Albums chart, and #6 on the Canadian albums chart. Four singles were released from it, "This One's Gonna Hurt You (For a Long, Long Time)", "Now That's Country", "High on a Mountain Top" and "Hey Baby". The album was certified Gold by the RIAA in the United States, and was certified Platinum in Canada. "Honky Tonk Crowd" was later released as a single by Rick Trevino from his self-titled album.
Christopher Segesman
Christopher Roberts "Chris" Segesman (born 17 June 1979) is an American male water polo player. He was a member of the United States men's national water polo team, playing as a center back. He was a part of the  team at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Chris Segesman went on to coach Mater Dei Women's and Men's Water Polo for twelve seasons. He most recently resigned in December 2017 to Mater Dei's dismay. He created a dynasty at Mater Dei and captured 7 CIF championships in 10 years. On club level he played for Los Angeles Water Polo Club in United States.

United States men's national water polo team
The United States men's national water polo team represents the United States of America internationally in men's water polo.

They are the only squad outside of Europe to medal in the men's Olympic water polo tournament, having done so most recently during the 2024 Summer Olympics, winning bronze against Hungary in a penalty shootout.

On May 7, 2013, USA Water Polo named Serbian Dejan Udovičić the head coach of the United States men's senior national team. Udovičić was the former head coach of the Serbian men's national team.
Kris Yenbamroong
Kris Yenbamroong (Thai: คริส เย็นบำรุง) is a Thai-American chef and cookbook author. Yenbamroong owns the 3 Night + Market restaurants in Los Angeles and 1 in Las Vegas, serving Thai cuisine in the style of kap klaem, the Thai term for "drinking food".

Born and raised in Los Angeles, Yenbamroong studied film at New York University Tisch School of the Arts. He took over his parents' Thai restaurant, Talésai, before opening the first Night + Market on West Hollywood's Sunset Strip in 2010. He was named Food & Wine Magazine's Best New Chef in 2016.

Kap klaem
Kap klaem (Thai: กับแกล้ม, pronounced [kàp klɛ̂ːm]), also known as ahan kap klaem (Thai: อาหารกับแกล้ม, [ʔāː.hǎːn kàp klɛ̂ːm]) or ahan klaem lao (Thai: อาหารแกล้มเหล้า, [ʔāː.hǎːn klɛ̂ːm lâw]), is the Thai term for "drinking food": foods commonly eaten while drinking. The term kap klaem can also refer to Thai drinking culture.
Eau Claire Express
The Eau Claire Express is a collegiate summer baseball team playing in the Northwoods League. Their home games are played at historic Carson Park in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.

As of 2025, 20 former Express players have gone on to appear in Major League Baseball, including Jordan Zimmermann, Kole Calhoun, Alex Call, Griffin Jax and Daulton Varsho.

Jordan Zimmermann
Jordan M. Zimmermann (born May 23, 1986) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Nationals, Detroit Tigers, and Milwaukee Brewers. Zimmermann was a two-time MLB All-Star, and co-led the National League in wins in 2013. In 2014, Zimmermann pitched the first no-hitter in Washington Nationals history.
Greatfields Park
Greatfields Park, in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, east London, is a public park of just under 6 hectares. It lies just north of the A13 road (Alfreds Way, Barking bypass trunk road), and is bounded on other sides by Greatfields Road, Movers Lane, and Perth Road.

It contains tennis courts, playgrounds, flower gardens, and grass areas for football and other games.

The park was officially opened in 1926, but had already existed for five years as the Movers Lane Playing Field.

London Borough of Barking and Dagenham
The London Borough of Barking and Dagenham (pronunciationⓘ) is a London borough in East London. The borough was created in 1965 as the London Borough of Barking; the name was changed in 1980. It is an Outer London borough and the south is within the London Riverside section of the Thames Gateway, an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration. At the 2011 census it had a population of 187,000. The borough's three main towns are Barking, Chadwell Heath, and Dagenham. The local authority is the Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council. Barking and Dagenham was one of six London boroughs to host the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Communes of the Gard department
This is a list of the 350 communes of the Gard department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):

CA Alès Agglomération

Communauté d'agglomération du Gard Rhodanien

Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Avignon (partly)

Communauté d'agglomération Nîmes Métropole

Communauté de communes Beaucaire Terre d'Argence

Communauté de communes Causses Aigoual Cévennes

Communauté de communes des Cévennes Gangeoises et Suménoises (partly)

Communauté de communes de Cèze Cévennes (partly)

Communauté de communes Mont Lozère (partly)

Communauté de communes du Pays de Sommières

Communauté de communes Pays d'Uzès

Communauté de communes du Pays Viganais

Communauté de communes de Petite-Camargue

Communauté de communes du Piémont Cévenol

Communauté de communes du Pont du Gard

Communauté de communes Rhôny, Vistre, Vidourle

Communauté de communes Terre de Camargue

Gard
Gard (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ] ⓘ) is a department in Southern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It had a population of 748,437 as of 2019; its prefecture is Nîmes.

The department is named after the river Gardon. In recent decades of the twenty-first century, local administration and French speakers have returned to the original Occitan name of the river, Gard (Occitan pronunciation: [gaɾ]). It is part of a revival of Occitan culture.
Kakkothikkavile Appooppan Thaadikal
Kakkothikkavile Appooppan Thaadikal (English:  transl. Woolly pods of Kakkothikkavu) is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language drama film produced jointly by Ousepachan Vaalakuzhy and Fazil, directed by Kamal and written by Fazil. The film is heroine-oriented, in which Revathi and Ambika play the lead roles. It features original songs composed by Ouseppachan, and the cinematography is done by Vipin Mohan.

The film is pictured in rural locations, such as Pandalam, Kudassanad, and Venmony. It includes many sequences in school settings and of gypsy life. The film was a sleeper hit at the box office. Revathi won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance in this film. The movie wasn't a commercial success when it was released, but it got a huge fan following after becoming available on Cassette / CD and when it came on TV.

Kamal (director)
Kamaluddin Mohammed Majeed, mononymously known as Kamal, is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and producer who predominantly works in the Malayalam cinema. He was the former chairman of Kerala State Chalachitra Academy. Kamal made his directorial debut with the 1986 film Mizhineerppovukal. In a career spanning over three decades, Kamal has directed over forty films. His films have won various National Film Awards and Kerala State Film Awards, including for films such as Kakkothi Kaavile Appoppan Thaadikal (1988), Ulladakkam (1991), Mazhayethum Munpe (1995), Niram (1999), Madhuranombarakkattu (2000),  Meghamalhar (2001), Nammal (2002), Perumazhakkalam (2004), Karutha Pakshikal (2006), and Celluloid (2013).
Emboldened Navigator
The Emboldened Navigator is an EP by Frog Eyes containing what is notable as the earliest recorded material from the band. The line-up is Carey Mercer, Melanie Campbell, Michael Rak and Spencer Krug. All four songs have been released as bonus tracks on the 2006 reissue of The Golden River, some under different titles. "World Featuring Men and Knuckles" as "Shots", "Only to Come Across Pleasant Meadows and Madames" as "Meadows and Madames and So Forth" (later re-done on Blackout Beach's Light Flows the Putrid Dawn as "Meadows and Pleasant Madames or Something of the Sort"), and "They Did Not Notice the Rushing Rapids" as "American Waltz for the Good Americans".

Frog Eyes
Frog Eyes are an indie rock band from Victoria, British Columbia, Canada fronted by Carey Mercer. Their 2010 album Paul's Tomb: A Triumph was a longlisted nominee for the 2010 Polaris Music Prize. They have released ten albums and two EPs and are noted for their collaboration with Dan Bejar of Destroyer.
Mottainai Bāsan
Mottainai Bāsan (もったいないばあさん; English-Japanese and English-Hindi bilingual editions published under the translated title Mottainai Grandma, and also known as The Waste-Not-Want-Not Grandmother or No-Waste Grandma) is the first book from the "Mottainai Grandma" series written by Japanese author Mariko Shinju. The book was published in 2004. The Japanese word mottainai means "don't be wasteful" or "what a waste!"

On January 13, 2018, it was released in Hindi and English translation in New Delhi, India, by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. An earlier Japanese-English bilingual edition (pictured) was published by Kodansha in November 2005.

Shinju started having ideas about writing the book while trying to explain wastefulness to her child.

Mottainai
Mottainai (Japanese: もったいない or 勿体無い) is a Japanese phrase conveying a sense of regret over waste, or to state that one does not deserve something because it is too good. The term can be translated to English as "What a waste!" or the old saying, "Waste not, want not."
Birger Vestermo
Birger Olaus Vestermo (27 February 1930 – 5 April 2025) was a Norwegian cross-country skier from Salangen Municipality. He competed in 50 km at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo.

He was the first winner of Reistadløpet, in 1958.

Salangen Municipality
Salangen is a municipality in Troms county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sjøvegan, where most of the people in the municipality live. Other villages include Elvenes, Laberget, Salangsverket, and Seljeskogen.

The municipality is situated along the Sagfjorden in south central Troms county. The municipality is mostly coastal areas around the fjord as well as some inland valleys. Salangen is home to the world's northernmost bat population.

The 458-square-kilometre (177 sq mi) municipality is the 217th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Salangen is the 278th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,069. The municipality's population density is 4.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (12/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Howard Vollum Award
The Howard Vollum Award for Distinguished Accomplishment in Science and Technology is an annual award that was created by Reed College and endowed in 1975 by a grant from the Millicent Foundation, now a part of the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust.

The award was created as a tribute to the late C. Howard Vollum, a 1936 Reed graduate and lifelong friend of the college. For his senior thesis project, Vollum built an oscilloscope; he later went on to co-found Tektronix, which revolutionized oscilloscope design and became a world leader in test, measurement, and monitoring technology. The award "recognizes and celebrates the exceptional achievement of one or more members of the scientific and technical community of the Northwest." Winners are selected for "the perseverance, creative imagination, ability to work with people, and fresh approach to problem solving that characterized Howard Vollum's career." Past recipients include Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, and Leroy Hood.

Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc., historically widely known as Tek, is an American company best known for manufacturing test and measurement devices such as oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and video and mobile test protocol equipment.  Originally an independent company, it is now a subsidiary of Ralliant, a spinoff from Fortive.
Corfu Slide
The Corfu Slide  is a geological feature located on the north slope of the Saddle Mountains above Crab Creek near the Columbia River in eastern Washington. It consists of 24 separate slides that cover approximately 18-20 square kilometers (7 to 8 miles²) and contains a volume of material of about 1 cubic kilometer.

Saddle Mountains
The Saddle Mountains consists of an upfolded anticline ridge of basalt in Grant County of central Washington state. The ridge, reaching to 2,700 feet, terminates in the east south of Othello, Washington near the foot of the Drumheller Channels. It continues to the west where it is broken at Sentinel Gap (a water gap through which the Columbia River passes) before ending in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains.