hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Undercut (manufacturing)
In manufacturing, an undercut is a special type of recessed surface that is inaccessible using a straight tool. In turning, it refers to a recess in a diameter generally on the inside diameter of the part. In milling, it refers to a feature which is not visible when the part is viewed from the spindle. In molding, it refers to a feature that cannot be molded using only a single pull mold. In printed circuit board construction, it refers to the portion of the copper that is etched away under the photoresist.

Etching (microfabrication)
Etching is used in microfabrication to chemically remove layers from the surface of a wafer during manufacturing. Etching is a critically important process module in fabrication, and every wafer undergoes many etching steps before it is complete.

For many etch steps, part of the wafer is protected from the etchant by a "masking" material which resists etching.  In some cases, the masking material is a photoresist which has been patterned using photolithography. Other situations require a more durable mask, such as silicon nitride.
Ingleton's inequality
In mathematics, Ingleton's inequality is an inequality that is satisfied by the rank function of any representable matroid. In this sense it is a necessary condition for representability of a matroid over a finite field.  For a matroid M and its rank function ρ, Ingleton's inequality states that for any subsets X1, X2, X3 and X4 in the support of M, the inequality

ρ(X1) + ρ(X2) + ρ(X1∪X2∪X3) + ρ(X1∪X2∪X4) + ρ(X3∪X4) ≤ ρ(X1∪X2) + ρ(X1∪X3) + ρ(X1∪X4) + ρ(X2∪X3) + ρ(X2∪X4)

is satisfied.

Aubrey William Ingleton, an English mathematician, wrote an important paper in 1969 in which he surveyed the representability problem in matroids.  Although the article is mainly expository, in this paper Ingleton stated and proved Ingleton's inequality, which has found interesting applications in information theory, matroid theory, and network coding.

Matroid representation
In the mathematical theory of matroids, a matroid representation is a family of vectors whose linear independence relation is the same as that of a given matroid. Matroid representations are analogous to group representations; both types of representation provide abstract algebraic structures (matroids and groups respectively) with concrete descriptions in terms of linear algebra.

A linear matroid is a matroid that has a representation, and an F-linear matroid (for a field F) is a matroid that has a representation using a vector space over F. Matroid representation theory studies the existence of representations and the properties of linear matroids.
Marine Corps Air Station New River
Marine Corps Air Station New River (ICAO: KNCA, FAA LID: NCA) is a United States Marine Corps helicopter and tilt-rotor base in Jacksonville, North Carolina, in the eastern part of the state.   In 1972, the airfield was named McCutcheon Field for General Keith B. McCutcheon, one of the fathers of Marine Corps helicopter aviation. Near Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, it shares some facilities with Camp Geiger.

Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point
Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point or MCAS Cherry Point (*34°54′03″N 76°52′51″W﻿ / ﻿34.9009°N 76.8807°W﻿ / 34.9009; -76.8807) (ICAO: KNKT, FAA LID: NKT) is a United States Marine Corps airfield located in Havelock, North Carolina, United States, in the eastern part of the state. It was built in 1941, and was commissioned in 1942 and is currently home to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.
Descendants: The Rise of Red (soundtrack)
Descendants: The Rise of Red is a soundtrack album by the cast of the film of the same name, released on July 12, 2024, by Walt Disney Records. The soundtrack was announced on April 26, 2024, with the release of the lead single, "What's My Name (Red Version)." Another single, "Red," was released on June 21, 2024.

What's My Name (Descendants song)
"What's My Name" is a song performed by China Anne McClain, Thomas Doherty, and Dylan Playfair that was released as a single on June 2, 2017, by Walt Disney Records. The song is featured in the musical fantasy television film Descendants 2.
1919–20 FA Cup qualifying rounds
The 1919–20 FA Cup was the 45th season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup), and the first since the cancellation of all football competitions owing to the First World War.

The qualifying phase of the competition, in which a total of 384 clubs competed, comprised eight rounds: an extra preliminary, preliminary and six sequentially numbered qualifying rounds. Twelve teams progressed from the last of these to the first round proper

1919–20 FA Cup
The 1919–20 FA Cup was the 45th season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup), and the first since the cancellation of all football competitions due to the First World War. Aston Villa won the competition, beating Huddersfield Town 1–0 in the final at Stamford Bridge, London.

Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.
2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Gujarat from 1 to 5 December 2022 in two phases, to elect 182 members of 15th Gujarat Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 8 December 2022.

The Bharatiya Janata Party won a landslide victory  of 156 seats, the most ever won by any party in Gujarat's history. No other political party could win enough seats to be recognised as official opposition in the state. The Indian National Congress fell to its lowest count in the state for 3 decades, and the Aam Aadmi Party gained five seats.

Gujarat Legislative Assembly
The Gujarat Legislative Assembly (ISO: Gujārāt Vidhān Sabhā), is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat, in the state capital Gandhinagar. Presently, 182 members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected from single-member constituencies (seats). It has a term of 5 years unless it is dissolved sooner. 13 constituencies are reserved for scheduled castes and 27 constituencies for scheduled tribes.  From its majority party group or by way of a grand coalition cabinet of its prominent members, the state's Executive namely the Government of Gujarat is formed.

Since 1995, the Gujarat Legislative Assembly has been controlled by the Bharatiya Janata Party with an absolute majority in the House.
Sisters of the Child Jesus
The Sisters of the Child Jesus (French: Soeurs de l'Enfant-Jésus) are religious sisters founded in 1676 in Le Puy-en-Velay, France, by Anne-Marie Martel (1644–1673) to care for those in need. Divided among various independent religious congregations following the same spirit and tradition, they serve around the world. Since 1903, they have used the postnominal initials of R.E.J..

Le Puy-en-Velay
Le Puy-en-Velay (French pronunciation: [lə pɥi ɑ̃ vəlɛ] ⓘ, lit. 'Le Puy in Velay'; Occitan: Lo Puèi de Velai [lu ˈpœj ðə vəˈlaj], before 1988: Le Puy) is the prefecture of the Haute-Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France.

Located near the river Loire, the city is famous for its cathedral, for a kind of lentil, for its lace-making, as well as for being the origin of the Chemin du Puy, one of the principal origin points of the pilgrimage route of Santiago de Compostela in France. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 18,540.
Eastern Orthodoxy in Vietnam
Eastern Orthodoxy in Vietnam is represented by 3 parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church: one in Vung Tau, named after the icon of Our Lady of Kazan, where there are many Russian-speaking employees of the Russian-Vietnamese joint venture "Vietsovpetro", and also parish of Xenia of Saint Petersburg in Hanoi and parish of Protection of Our Most Holy Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary in Ho Chi Minh City.

The earliest parish in Vung Tau was opened in 2002 with the blessing of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, which had been given in Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra.

Xenia of Saint Petersburg
Xenia of St. Petersburg (Russian: Святая блаженная Ксения Петербургская, born as Xenia Grigoryevna Petrova (Russian: Ксения Григорьевна Петрова), c. 1719–1730 – c. 1803) is a patron saint of St. Petersburg, who according to tradition, gave all her possessions to the poor after her husband died.
Deiniolen
Deiniolen (/deɪnɪˈɒlɛn/; Welsh: [dɛinɪˈɔlɛn]; Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village in Gwynedd, Wales, at the foot of Elidir Fawr, in Llanddeiniolen Community. Deiniolen has views over Caernarfon (7 miles (11 km) away) and on a clear day, Holyhead Mountain and occasionally the Wicklow Mountains in Ireland, can be seen. The population of the electoral ward was 1,909 as of 2011, including nearby Dinorwig, with 81.2% of the population speaking Welsh. The community, Llanddeiniolen, has a population of 5,072 as of the 2011 census, the third-largest in Gwynedd.

Ysgol Gynradd Gwaun Gynfi provides Welsh-medium education for children between 3 and 11 years in the village.

The slate industry was an important employer in Deiniolen until the closure of Dinorwig Quarry in 1969.

Dinorwic quarry
Dinorwic quarry (/dɪˈnɔːrwɪɡ/ din-OR-wig; Welsh: [dɪˈnɔrwɪɡ]; also known as Dinorwig quarry) is a large former slate quarry, now home to the Welsh National Slate Museum, located between the villages of Llanberis and Dinorwig (formerly Dinorwic) in Wales. At its height at the start of the 20th century, it was the second largest slate quarry in Wales (and thus, the world), after the neighbouring Penrhyn quarry near Bethesda.  Dinorwic covered 700 acres (283 ha) consisting of two main quarry sections with 20 galleries in each. Extensive internal tramway systems connected the quarries using inclines to transport slate between galleries. Since its closure in 1969, the quarry has become the site of the National Slate Museum, a regular film location, hiking location, and an extreme rock climbing destination.
Ashram College
The Ashram College is a Dutch high school located in Alphen aan den Rijn and Nieuwkoop. It was established in 1929. The school offers VWO excluding or including the classical languages Latin and Greek, HAVO and VMBO-T. Ashram College is a Catholic school.

Nieuwkoop
Nieuwkoop (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈniukoːp] ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality was enlarged on 1 January 2007, through the amalgamation of Liemeer and Ter Aar. The municipality now covers an area of 91.16 km2 (35.20 sq mi) of which 13.11 km2 (5.06 sq mi) is water. Its population was 29,151 in 2021.

On May 3, 2008, the Dutch newspaper Algemeen Dagblad published an article which stated that Nieuwkoop is the safest municipality of the Netherlands.

The municipality of Nieuwkoop includes the following communities:
Angkor Village Apsara Theatre
The Apsara Theater is Siem Reap’s oldest Theatre, opened 1997 opposite the Angkor Village Hotel, with the revival of the royal Angkorian Apsara dance, Reamker (Ramayana), and other Khmer Traditional Dances like Apsara Ballet and the stories of workers life, like the fishermen's dance. This unique dance style was once reserved only for the royal family and their honoured guests to admire.

Dance in Cambodia
Dance in Cambodia (Khmer: របាំ robam) consists of three main categories: classical dance of the royal court, folk dance which portrays cultural traditions, and social dances performed in social gatherings.
2016 Democratic Party (HK) primaries
The 2016 Democratic Party pre-election primaries are to select the Democratic Party's candidates for the 2016 Legislative Council election. The candidacy was decided 60% by opinion polling, 20% by party's district branches and 20% by each district's district councillors and finalised in a voting in the special party congress on 24 April 2016. Seven candidate lists were decided in which James To, Helena Wong and Wu Chi-wai would seek for re-election in their respective constituencies, while chairwoman Emily Lau, Albert Ho and Sin Chung-kai would retire and succeeded by new faces Lam Cheuk-ting, Roy Kwong, Ted Hui and Andrew Wan.

Helena Wong (politician)
Helena Wong Pik-wan (Chinese: 黃碧雲, born 21 March 1959) is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for Kowloon West constituency. She is also an academic staff member at Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Stanislav Tecl
Stanislav Tecl (born 1 September 1990) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a forward. He played in the Czech First League for Slavia Prague, Jihlava, Viktoria Plzeň and Jablonec, winning two championships with Viktoria Plzeň and a further four with Slavia Prague. Tecl played internationally for the Czech Republic, making ten appearances for his nation between 2013 and 2022.

Czech Republic national football team
The Czech Republic men's national football team (Czech: Česká mužská fotbalová reprezentace), recognised by FIFA as Czechia, represents the Czech Republic in men's international football. The team is controlled by the Football Association of the Czech Republic (FAČR). Historically, the team participated in FIFA and UEFA competitions as Bohemia and Czechoslovakia.

Following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the first international competition of the Czech Republic was UEFA Euro 1996, where they finished runners-up. They have taken part at every European Championship since. Following the separation, they have featured at one FIFA World Cup, the 2006 tournament.
Matilda De Angelis
Matilda De Angelis (Italian pronunciation: [maˈtilda de ˈandʒelis]; born 11 September 1995) is an Italian actress and singer. She made her film debut in Matteo Rovere’s Italian Race (2016), which earned her nomination for David di Donatello for Best actress. She also appeared in Alessandro Gassman’s The Prize (2017), Youtopia (2018), and in Sydney Sibilia’s  Rose Island (2020), in which the latter, she won a David di Donatello and a Nastri d'Argento. In 2025, she portrayed a vampire in Luc Besson's Dracula.

On television, she is known for her roles in the Netflix series The Law According to Lidia Poët (2023–2024) and the HBO miniseries The Undoing (2020). She has also sung in soundtracks and recorded solo singles, including the collaboration "Litoranea" with Elisa.

David di Donatello for Best Actress
The David di Donatello Award for Best Actress (Italian: David di Donatello per la migliore attrice protagonista) is a film award presented annually by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (ACI, Academy of Italian Cinema) to recognize the outstanding performance in a leading role of an actress who has worked within the Italian film industry during the year preceding the ceremony. Nominees and winner are selected via run-off voting by all the members of the Accademia.

The award was first given in 1956. Sophia Loren is the record holder in this category, with seven awards, followed by Margherita Buy and Monica Vitti, with five awards each.
Masunoyama Tomoharu
Masunoyama Tomoharu (Japanese: 舛乃山 大晴; born November 1, 1990 as Tomoharu Kato (加藤 大晴)) is a Japanese former professional sumo wrestler from Sakae, Chiba. He turned professional in July 2006 and was the first wrestler born in the Heisei era to become a sekitori when he was promoted to the jūryō division in November 2010, alongside Takayasu. He reached the top makuuchi division in September 2011. He was injured in his top division debut and fell back to jūryō, but he returned in July 2012 and scored eleven wins, winning the Fighting Spirit Award. A serious knee injury sustained in 2015 resulted in him falling greatly in rank, and he was not able to return to sekitori status. He retired in May 2021.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
Red Line (Namibia)
The Red Line, also referred to as the veterinary cordon fence, is a pest-exclusion fence separating northern Namibia from the central and southern regions. It encases several northern regions: Oshana Region, Kavango East Region, Omusati Region, Zambezi Region, Omaheke Region, Kunene Region, and parts of the Khomas and Oshikoto Regions. Most of these farms are fenced in and are accessible by constructed farm roads. South of the fence today are commercial farms where the farmers, many of whom are white, own the land. North of the line, on the other hand, all farm land is communal and operated mostly by black farmers. Livestock is not constrained by fences and often ventures onto roads. The red line is a highly guarded line which has roadblocks to check every vehicle which passes. The red line is the reason for Namibia's unique status to export meat across the European Union.

Oshikoto Region
Oshikoto is one of the fourteen regions of Namibia, named after Lake Otjikoto. Its capital is Omuthiya. Further major settlements in the region are Tsumeb, Otjikoto's capital until 2008, and Oniipa. As of 2020, Oshikoto had 112,170 registered voters.
Jarrett Park
Jarrett Park is a multi-use stadium in the city of Montego Bay, Jamaica. It has a capacity of 4,000 people.

In 1976 it hosted the first ever Women's Test match played by the West Indies Women, against Australia Women.

It was used by the local football club Seba United. The stadium has also been used by the Jamaica national football team, latest in the 2008 Caribbean Championship. And was also one of the venues of the 2011 CONCACAF U-17 Championship

2008 Caribbean Cup
The 2008 Caribbean Cup (known as the Digicel Caribbean Cup for sponsorship reasons) is the 2008 edition of the Caribbean Championship, an international football championship for national teams affiliated with the Caribbean Football Union (CFU) of the CONCACAF region. The finals were held in Jamaica from 3–14 December 2008. The four semifinalists – Jamaica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, and Cuba – all qualified for the 2009 edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, although Cuba later withdrew and was replaced by Haiti.

Qualifying began in July 2008. The qualifying rounds were used to qualify a total of six teams to the final round of the tournament to join the hosts, Jamaica, and the reigning champions, Haiti, who were given direct entry to the final group stage. The name was changed this year from Digicel Caribbean Cup to Digicel Caribbean Championship.
Teresa Luisa Gardi
Teresa Luisa Gardi (22 October 1769 – 1 January 1837) was an Italian Roman Catholic and a member of the Secular Franciscan Order. She devoted her life to the examples of the great saints John of the Cross and Teresa of Avila. She recorded a journal of experiences but such a journal did not reveal the details – she remained guarded on strong religious experiences.

Gardi was declared to be venerable in 2015 after Pope Francis recognized that she had lived a model life of heroic virtue.

John of the Cross
St. John of the Cross OCD (Spanish: Juan de la Cruz; Latin: Ioannes a Cruce; né Juan de Yepes y Álvarez; 24 June 1542 – 14 December 1591) was a Spanish Catholic priest, mystic, and Carmelite friar. He is a major figure of the Counter-Reformation in Spain, and he is one of the 38 Doctors of the Church.

John of the Cross is known for his writings. He was mentored by and corresponded with the older Carmelite nun Teresa of Ávila. Both his poetry and his studies on the development of the soul, particularly his Noche Obscura, are considered the summit of mystical Christian literature and among the greatest works of all Spanish literature. He was canonized by Pope Benedict XIII in 1726. In 1926, he was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XI, and is also known as the "mystical doctor".
Eleazar
Eleazar (/ɛliˈeɪzər/; Hebrew: אֶלְעָזָר, Modern: ʾElʿazar, Tiberian: ʾElʿāzār, "El has helped") or Elazar was a priest in the Hebrew Bible, the second High Priest, succeeding his father Aaron after he died. He was a nephew of Moses.

Kohen
Kohen (Hebrew: כֹּהֵן, romanized: kōhēn, pronounced [koˈ(h)en]; pl. כֹּהֲנִים, kōhănīm, [ko(h)aˈnim]) is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. They are traditionally believed, and halakhically required, to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron (also Aharon), brother of Moses, and thus belong to the Tribe of Levi.

During the existence of the Temple in Jerusalem (and previously the Tabernacle), kohanim performed the Temple sacrificial offerings, which were only permitted to be offered by them. Following its destruction, it seems that most of them joined the Synagogal Jewish movement before adopting gradually Rabbinic Judaism, other types of Judaism, Christianity or Islam. Today, kohanim retain a lesser though distinct status within Rabbinic and Karaite Judaism, including certain honors and restrictions.

In the Samaritan community, the kohanim have remained the primary religious leaders.
Channel 8 virtual TV stations in Mexico
The following television stations operate on virtual channel 8 in Mexico:

XHBZC-TDT in La Paz, Baja California Sur

XHTX-TDT in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas

XHJCI-TDT in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua

XHFAMX-TDT in Mexico City

XHRCG-TDT in Saltillo, Coahuila

XHUNES-TDT in Durango, Durango

XHGSM-TDT in San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato

XEDK-TDT in Guadalajara, Jalisco

XHCNL-TDT in Monterrey, Nuevo León

XHOXO-TDT (Nu9ve subchannel) in Oaxaca, Oaxaca

XHCCU-TDT in Cancún, Quintana Roo

XHVSL-TDT in Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí

XHSLT-TDT (Nu9ve subchannel) in San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí

XHUS-TDT in Hermosillo, Sonora

XHNSS-TDT in Nogales, Sonora

XHLL-TDT in Villahermosa, Tabasco

XHAB-TDT in Matamoros, Tamaulipas

XHAI-TDT in Veracruz, Veracruz

XHY-TDT in Mérida, Yucatán

Canal 5 (Mexican TV channel)
Canal 5 (stylized as 5*) is a Mexican free-to-air television network owned by TelevisaUnivision. It traces its origins to the foundation of Channel 5 in Mexico City in 1952 (also known by its identification code XHGC-TDT). Canal 5's program lineup is generally targeted at a younger audience and includes cartoons, foreign series and movies, along with a limited number of sporting events such as NFL games, boxing, the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games.

Canal 5 is mainly aimed at children and youth audiences, airing a significant amount of programs from Paramount Global Content Distribution and other companies, although in late hours it usually targets general audiences with television series, movies, and reality shows. The channel also broadcasts series produced by the company TelevisaUnivision, which owns the channel. In programming, its main national competitor in open television has historically been Azteca 7 of TV Azteca.