hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
J. M. Wedderburn
J. M. Wedderburn (fl. before 1812) was an English songwriter from Newcastle, who, according to the information given by John Bell in his Rhymes of Northern Bards published in 1812, has the song "Nanny of the Tyne" attributed to this name.

The song was set to music by J Aldridge (Junior) of Newcastle. It is not written in Geordie dialect but has a strong Northern connection.

However, in The Tyne Songster, produced by W & T Fordyce in 1840, "Nanny of the Tyne" is attributed to "Gibson" (with no first name).

The same song, "Nanny of the Tyne", appears on page 334 of Songs of the Bards of the Tyne produced by P. France & Co. c. 1850, again attributed to "J. Gibson"  - and  also on page 17 of Volume 7 of The Songs of the Tyne produced by John Ross c. 1846, but in this book it is not attributed to any writer.

Nothing more appears to be known of this person, not even the first name, or their sex.

The Songs of the Tyne by Ross
The Songs of the Tyne is a chapbook of Geordie dialect songs, consisting of ten small volumes, and published c. 1846. It was the first in what became a series of publications; a second series of just three chapbooks was published c. 1850 by William R Walker.
Bobby Donaldson
Robert Stanley "Bobby" Donaldson (November 29, 1922, Boston – 1971) was an American jazz and R&B drummer.

After playing locally in the early 1940s, Donaldson played with Russell Procope while serving in the Army in New York City. In 1946–47 Donaldson worked with Cat Anderson, and following this played with Edmond Hall, Andy Kirk, Lucky Millinder, Buck Clayton, Red Norvo, and Sy Oliver/Louis Armstrong. He was a prolific session musician for much of the 1950s and 1960s, playing with Helen Merrill, Ruby Braff, Mel Powell, Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Bobby Jaspar, Herbie Mann, André Hodeir, Kenny Burrell, Lonnie Johnson, Frank Wess, Willis Jackson, and Johnny Hodges.

Early in his career he played with the Boston Symphony.

Herbie Mann
Herbert Jay Solomon (April 16, 1930 – July 1, 2003), known by his stage name Herbie Mann, was an American jazz flute player and important early practitioner of world music. Early in his career, he also played tenor saxophone and clarinet (including bass clarinet), but Mann was among the first jazz musicians to specialize on the flute. His most popular single was "Hi-Jack", which was a Billboard No. 1 dance hit for three weeks in 1975.

Mann emphasized the groove approach in his music. Mann felt that from his repertoire, the "epitome of a groove record" was Memphis Underground or Push Push, because the "rhythm section locked all in one perception."
History of South Africa (1994–present)
South Africa since 1994 transitioned from the system of apartheid to one of majority rule. The election of 1994 resulted in a change in government with the African National Congress (ANC) coming to power. The ANC retained power after subsequent elections in 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019, However, in 2024, they officially lost the National Majority and had to form a Government of National Unity with other  political parties, including the former official opposition, the Democratic Alliance (DA).

1999 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 2 June 1999. The result was a landslide victory for the governing African National Congress (ANC), which gained fourteen seats. Incumbent president Nelson Mandela declined to seek re-election as president on grounds of his age. This election was notable for the sharp decline of the New National Party, previously the National Party (NP), which without former State President F. W. de Klerk lost more than half of their former support base. The liberal Democratic Party became the largest opposition party, after being the fifth largest party in the previous elections in 1994. The number of parties represented in the National Assembly increased to thirteen, with the United Democratic Movement, jointly headed by former National Party member Roelf Meyer, and former ANC member Bantu Holomisa, being the most successful of the newcomers with fourteen seats.
Kuriyama, Tochigi
Kuriyama (栗山村, Kuriyama-mura) was a village located in Shioya District, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 2,068 and a density of 4.84 persons per km2. The total area was 427.37 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Kuriyama, along with the city of Imaichi, the town of Ashio (from Kamitsuga District), and the town of Fujihara (also from Shioya District), was merged into the expanded city of Nikkō. As a result of the merger, no villages remain in Tochigi Prefecture.

Tochigi Prefecture
Tochigi Prefecture (栃木県, Tochigi-ken) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 (1 June 2023) and has a geographic area of 6,408 km2 (2,474 sq mi). Tochigi Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the west, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the southeast.

Utsunomiya is the capital and largest city of Tochigi Prefecture, with other major cities including Oyama, Tochigi, and Ashikaga. Tochigi Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures and its mountainous northern region is a popular tourist region in Japan. The Nasu area is known for its onsens, local sake, and ski resorts, the villa of the Imperial Family, and the Nasushiobara station of the Shinkansen railway line. The city of Nikkō, with its ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Misagh Bahadoran
Misagh Medina Bahadoran (Persian: میثاق بهادران, romanized: Mithāq Bahāderan; born January 10, 1987) is a Filipino professional footballer who most recently played as a winger or forward for One Taguig of the Philippines Football League and previously the Philippines national team. He has also played for the Philippines national futsal team.

One Taguig F.C.
One Taguig Football Club is a professional football club based in Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. The club currently plays in the Philippines Football League, the top-flight league of football in the Philippines.
Gautam Buddh Nagar Police Commissionerate
The Gautam Buddha Nagar Police Commissionerate (GBNPC) (Hindi: गौतम बुद्ध नगर पुलिस आयुक्तालय) is the police department of the Gautam Buddha Nagar District, Uttar Pradesh. It is a part of Uttar Pradesh Police and has the primary responsibilities of law enforcement and investigation in Gautam Buddha Nagar.

Gautam Buddha Nagar Police Commissionerate is also known as Noida Police Commissionerate or (Noida Police).

It is headed by an IPS officer of the rank of Additional Director General of Police (ADGP) as its Commissioner of Police, who is appointed by the Home Minister of Uttar Pradesh.

The current police commissioner of Noida is 2000 batch IPS officer Laxmi Singh who is of IG rank and serving since 29 November 2022. She is the first female police commissioner in the state since the start of Commissionerate system.

Gautam Buddha Nagar district
Gautam Buddha Nagar district is a district of Uttar Pradesh, named after Gautama Buddha. It is a part of Delhi National Capital Region and is divided into 3 sub-divisions (Tehsils) of Noida, Dadri and Jewar. Greater Noida is the administrative headquarters of Gautam Buddha Nagar district. Noida, Greater Noida, Dadri, Jewar, YEIDA City and Dankaur fall under this district.
Aleksandr Zarkhi
Aleksandr Grigoryevich Zarkhi (Russian: Александр Григорьевич Зархи; 18 February 1908 – 27 January 1997) was a Soviet and Russian film director and screenwriter. People's Artist of the USSR (1969). Hero of Socialist Labour (1978).

His film Twenty Six Days from the Life of Dostoyevsky was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 31st Berlin International Film Festival in 1981.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Petit lac Jacques-Cartier
The Petit lac Jacques-Cartier is a freshwater body that flows into the rivière Jacques-Cartier Sud, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in province from Quebec, in Canada.

Petit lac Jacques-Cartier is located in the Jacques-Cartier National Park.

This small valley is served by some secondary roads serving this area for the needs of forestry, recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of Petit Lac Jacques-Cartier is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.

Lac-Jacques-Cartier, Quebec
Lac-Jacques-Cartier (French pronunciation: [lak ʒak kaʁtje]) is a large unorganized territory in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, making up more than 85% of this regional county. It is unpopulated and undeveloped, almost entirely part of the Jacques-Cartier National Park and the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.

Quebec Route 175 bisects the territory, and passes on the western shore of Jacques-Cartier Lake, after which the territory is named and source of the Jacques-Cartier River.
5 21 honeycomb
In geometry, the 521 honeycomb is a uniform tessellation of 8-dimensional Euclidean space. The symbol 521 is from Coxeter, named for the length of the 3 branches of its Coxeter-Dynkin diagram.

By putting spheres at its vertices one obtains the densest-possible packing of spheres in 8 dimensions. This was proven by Maryna Viazovska in 2016 using the theory of modular forms. Viazovska was awarded the Fields Medal for this work in 2022.

This honeycomb was first studied by Gosset who called it a 9-ic semi-regular figure (Gosset regarded honeycombs in n dimensions as degenerate n+1 polytopes).

Each vertex of the 521 honeycomb is surrounded by 2160 8-orthoplexes and 17280 8-simplicies.

The vertex figure of Gosset's honeycomb is the semiregular 421 polytope. It is the final figure in the k21 family.

This honeycomb is highly regular in the sense that its symmetry group (the affine  Weyl group) acts transitively on the k-faces for k ≤ 6. All of the k-faces for k ≤ 7 are simplices.

Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter
Harold Scott MacDonald "Donald" Coxeter ([ˈkoksɛtɛr], [ˈkɒksətər]) CC FRS FRSC (9 February 1907 – 31 March 2003) was a British-Canadian geometer and mathematician. He is regarded as one of the greatest geometers of the 20th century.

Coxeter was born in England and educated at the University of Cambridge, with student visits to Princeton University. He worked for 60 years at the University of Toronto in Canada, from 1936 until his retirement in 1996, becoming a full professor there in 1948. His many honours included membership in the Royal Society of Canada, the Royal Society, and the Order of Canada.

He was an author of 12 books, including The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra (1938) and Regular Polytopes (1947). Many concepts in geometry and group theory are named after him, including the Coxeter graph, Coxeter groups, Coxeter's loxodromic sequence of tangent circles, Coxeter–Dynkin diagrams, and the Todd–Coxeter algorithm.
Sheng Hua Tang
Sheng Hua Tang (simplified Chinese: 生化汤; traditional Chinese: 生化湯; pinyin: shēng huà tāng) is a Chinese classic herbal formula that stimulates blood flow and relieves pain. The herbal formula is widely used by Chinese women who after giving birth will use the formula to improve blood flow. According to the Taoist Center, this formula is the most popular post-partum formula to restore blood flow.

Chinese classic herbal formula
Chinese classic herbal formulas (simplified Chinese: 经方; traditional Chinese: 經方) are combinations of herbs used in Chinese herbology for supposed greater efficiency in comparison to individual herbs. They are the basic herbal formulas that students of Traditional Chinese medicine learn. Later these students will adapt these classic formulas to match the needs of each patient.
Laney Rouse
Elaine Marie Rouse (born August 31, 2002) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a right back for the Kansas City Current of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She played college soccer for the Virginia Cavaliers, earning fourth-team All-American honors in 2025. She represented the United States at the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.

United States women's national under-20 soccer team
The United States U-20 women's national soccer team is a youth soccer team operated under the auspices of U.S. Soccer.  Its primary role is the development of players in preparation for the senior women's national team.  The team most recently appeared in the 2024 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Colombia, where they placed third. The team competes in a variety of competitions, including the biennial FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, which is the top competition for this age group.
Brebes Sundanese
Brebes Sundanese (Sundanese: Basa Sunda Brebes, Sundanese pronunciation: [basa sʊnda brəbəs], in Sundanese script: ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮢᮨᮘᮨᮞ᮪) is the dialect of Sundanese language used by some people in Brebes Regency, Central Java, especially in the southern, central, and southwestern parts of the region. The area of Brebes Regency is one of the districts in Central Java which borders the West Java region.

Brebes Regency
Brebes (Indonesian pronunciation: [brə'bəs], Javanese: ꦧꦽꦧꦼꦱ꧀, Sundanese: ᮘᮢᮨᮘᮨᮞ᮪) is a regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) in the northwestern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,769.62 km2, and it had a population of 1,733,869 at the 2010 Census and 1,978,759 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 2,065,501 (comprising 1,046,978 males and 1,018,523 females). Its capital is the large town of Brebes in the northeast corner of the regency, immediately adjacent to the neighbouring city of Tegal.

It is bordered to the north by the Java Sea, to the east by Tegal city and Tegal Regency, to the southeast by Banyumas Regency, to the south by Cilacap Regency, and to the west by West Java Province (Kuningan Regency and Cirebon Regency).
Nora Cornolle
Nora Cornolle (born December 6, 1989) is a French professional mixed martial artist and Muay Thai fighter who competes in the women's Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As a Muay Thai fighter, she was the French national professional champion and she won a silver medal at the 2022 World Games. As of February 24, 2026, she is #13 in the UFC women's bantamweight rankings.

2022 World Games
The 2022 World Games, also known as Birmingham 2022,  were an international multi-sport event held from July 7 to 17, 2022, in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. They were the 11th World Games, a multi-sport event featuring disciplines of Olympic sports and other competitions that are not currently contested at the Olympic Games; the Games featured 3,457 athletes competing in 223 medal events over 34 total sports.

They were originally scheduled to be held from July 29 to August 8, 2021, but were postponed by one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo to 2021. They were the second edition of the World Games to be hosted by the United States since their inaugural edition in 1981.
Whitefield–KSR Bengaluru City MEMU
Whitefield–KSR Bengaluru City MEMU is a MEMU train of the Indian Railways, which runs between Whitefield railway station and Bangalore City railway station in Karnataka. It is currently being operated with 66541UP/66542DN train numbers on Daily basis.

Bengaluru City railway station
Bengaluru City Railway Station, officially Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna Bengaluru Station pronunciationⓘ, also known as Bangalore City Railway Station, KSR Bengaluru Station, or Majestic Railway station (station code: SBC), is the main railway station of Bengaluru, serving the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is the busiest railway station in the South Western Railway zone of Indian Railways, and is the only NSG1 category railway station in the South Western zone.

It is located across the Kempegowda Bus Station. The station has 10 platforms and three entrances.
Dry port
A dry port (sometimes referred to as an inland port) is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected by road or rail to a seaport, operating as a centre for the transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations.

In addition to their role in cargo transshipment, dry ports may also include facilities for storage and consolidation of goods, maintenance for road or rail cargo carriers and customs clearance services. The location of these facilities at a dry port relieves competition for storage and customs space at the seaport itself.

A dry inland port can speed up the flow of cargo between ships and major land transportation networks, creating a more central distribution point. Inland ports can improve the movement of imports and exports, moving the time-consuming sorting and processing of containers inland, away from congested seaports.

Intermodal freight transport
Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation (e.g., rail, ship, aircraft, and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes. The method reduces cargo handling, and so improves security, reduces damage and loss, and allows freight to be transported faster. Reduced costs over road trucking is the key benefit for inter-continental use. This may be offset by reduced timings for road transport over shorter distances.
1st Derbyshire Militia
The Derbyshire Militia, later the 1st Derbyshire Militia was an auxiliary regiment from the county of Derbyshire in the North Midlands of England. Reformed from earlier precursors in 1773, it carried out internal security and home defence duties in most of Britain's major wars, relieving regular troops from routine garrison duties, and acting as a source of trained officers and men for the Regular Army. It later became a battalion of the Sherwood Foresters, but was disbanded and merged into another battalion in 1891.

Royal Denbigh Rifles
The Denbighshire Militia, later the Royal Denbighshire Rifles was an auxiliary regiment reorganised in the Welsh county of Denbighshire during the 18th Century from earlier precursor units. Primarily intended for home defence, it provided a contingent for service in France in the closing stages of the Napoleonic War. After a series of short-lived mergers with other Welsh militia regiments it became part of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, It served as a Special Reserve training unit in World War I. After 1921 the militia had only a shadowy existence until its final abolition in 1953.
Naveen Daries
Naveen Natascha Daries OLY (born 29 October 2001) is a South African artistic gymnast who represented her country at the 2017, 2018 and 2019 World Championships, as well as the 2018 Commonwealth Games. She took the bronze medal in the all-around at the 2021 African Championships, earning a continental berth to the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held in Stuttgart, Germany from October 4–13, 2019. The championships took place at the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle, and was the third time the city of Stuttgart hosted the event following the 1989 and 2007 editions, and the fifth time Germany hosted it.

As of October 2, 92 federations registered gymnasts for the event with a total of 288 men and 259 women.

Sam Mikulak of the United States and Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos of France won the Longines Prize for Elegance. Both mark a first for their respective countries: de Jesus dos Santos is the first gymnast from France to win this prize, and Mikulak is the first male gymnast from the United States to win one.
Japanese patent law
Japanese patent law is based on the first-to-file principle and is mainly given force by the Patent Act (特許法, Tokkyohō) of Japan.  Article 2 defines an invention as "the highly advanced creation of technical ideas utilizing the law of nature".

First to file and first to invent
First to file and first to invent are legal concepts that define who has the right to the grant of a patent for an invention. Since March 16, 2013, after the United States abandoned its "first to invent/document" system, all countries have operated under the "first-to-file" patent priority requirement.
Dependence relation
In mathematics, a dependence relation is a binary relation which generalizes the relation of linear dependence.

Let  be a set. A (binary) relation  between an element  of  and a subset  of  is called a dependence relation, written , if it satisfies the following properties:

if , then ;

if , then there is a finite subset  of , such that  ;

if  is a subset of  such that  implies , then  implies ;

if  but   for some , then  .

Given a dependence relation  on , a subset  of  is said to be independent if   for all  If  , then  is said to span  if  for every   is said to be a basis of  if  is independent and  spans

If  is a non-empty set with a dependence relation , then  always has a basis with respect to  Furthermore, any two bases of  have the same cardinality.

If  and , then , using property 3. and 1.

Linear independence
In linear algebra,  a set of vectors is said to be linearly independent if there exists no vector in the set that is equal to a linear combination of the other vectors in the set. If such a vector exists, then the vectors are said to be linearly dependent. Linear independence is part of the definition of linear basis.

A vector space can be of finite dimension or infinite dimension depending on the maximum number of linearly independent vectors.  The definition of linear dependence and the ability to determine whether a subset of vectors in a vector space is linearly dependent are central to determining the dimension of a vector space.
1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteers
The 1st Monmouthshire Artillery Volunteer Corps was a unit of Britain's Volunteer Force raised in 1860 from Monmouthshire in the Welsh borders. After transfer to the Territorial Force it served with the 53rd (Welsh) Division in Palestine in World War I and in North West Europe in World War II. Its successors serve with today's Army Reserve.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.