hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St Michael's Church, Inveresk
St Michael’s Church, Inveresk is a Church of Scotland church serving the parish of Musselburgh: St Michael's Inveresk, in Scotland. Known as "the Visible Kirk" because of its prominent position at the top of the hill within the historic village of Inveresk, it is a Category A listed building.

Musselburgh
Musselburgh (/ˈmʌsəlbərə/; Scots: Musselburrae; Scottish Gaelic: Baile nam Feusgan) is the largest settlement in East Lothian, Scotland, on the coast of the Firth of Forth, five miles (eight kilometres) east of Edinburgh city centre. It had a population of 
21,100 as of 2020.
St. Petersburg paradox
The St. Petersburg paradox or St. Petersburg lottery is a paradox involving the game of flipping a coin where the expected payoff of the lottery game is infinite but nevertheless seems to be worth only a very small amount to the participants. The St. Petersburg paradox is a situation where a naïve decision criterion that takes only the expected value into account predicts a course of action that presumably no actual person would be willing to take. Several resolutions to the paradox have been proposed, including the impossible amount of money a casino would need to continue the game indefinitely.

The problem was invented by Nicolas Bernoulli, who stated it in a letter to Pierre Raymond de Montmort on September 9, 1713. However, the paradox takes its name from its analysis by Nicolas' cousin Daniel Bernoulli, one-time resident of Saint Petersburg, who in 1738 published his thoughts about the problem in the Commentaries of the Imperial Academy of Science of Saint Petersburg.

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
Rania Khalek
Rania Khalek (Arabic: رانيا عبد الخالق)(born May 27, 1986) is a Lebanese-American journalist, video host, and presenter. She hosts the program Dispatches on BreakThrough News and has contributed to The Nation, The Grayzone, The Intercept, Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting, The Electronic Intifada, RT, Salon, MintPress News and others.

The Grayzone
The Grayzone is an American news website and blog described as fringe and far-left by numerous sources. It was founded and is edited by American journalist Max Blumenthal. The website was initially founded as The Grayzone Project and was affiliated with AlterNet until early 2018.

Coverage of The Grayzone has focused on its misleading reporting, its criticism of American foreign policy, and its sympathetic coverage of the Russian, Chinese and former Syrian governments. The Grayzone has been accused of downplaying and defending the persecution of Uyghurs in China, of publishing conspiracy theories about Xinjiang, Syria and other regions, and of publishing pro-Russian propaganda and disinformation, especially during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Algebraic geometry code
Algebraic geometry codes, often abbreviated AG codes, are a type of linear code that generalize Reed–Solomon codes. The Russian mathematician V. D. Goppa constructed these codes for the first time in 1982.

Valery Goppa
Valery Denisovich Goppa (Russian: Вале́рий Дени́сович Го́ппа; born 1939) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician.

He discovered a relation between algebraic geometry and codes, utilizing the Riemann-Roch theorem. Today these codes are called algebraic geometry codes. In 1981 he presented his discovery at the algebra seminar of the Moscow State University.

He also constructed other classes of codes in his career, and in 1972 he won the best paper award of the IEEE Information Theory Society for his paper "A new class of linear correcting codes". It is this class of codes that bear the name of “Goppa code”.
Query flooding
Query flooding is a method to search for a resource on a peer-to-peer network. It is simple and scales very poorly and thus is rarely used. Early versions of the Gnutella protocol operated by query flooding; newer versions use more efficient search algorithms.

Gnutella
Gnutella is a peer-to-peer network protocol. Founded in 2000, it was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later networks adopting the model.

In June 2005, Gnutella's population was 1.81 million computers  increasing to over three million nodes by January 2006. In late 2007, it was the most popular file-sharing network on the Internet with an estimated market share of more than 40%.
Krøderen Line
The Krøderen Line (Norwegian: Krøderbanen) is a heritage railway line connecting the Krøderen lake in Buskerud county, Norway, to the town of Vikersund. The 26-kilometre (16 mi) line was built as a narrow gauge branch line of the Randsfjord Line by the Norwegian State Railways (NSB) and opened in 1872. Passenger services were withdrawn in 1958, and freight traffic in 1985.

As of 2011, the Krøderen Line Foundation and the Norwegian Railway Club jointly operate steam train services on the line from May to October. In addition to the termini at Vikersund and Krøderen there are intermediate stations at Snarum, Sysle, and Kløftefoss.

Vikersund Station
Vikersund Station (Norwegian: Vikersund stasjon) is a railway station located at the village of Vikersund in Modum, Norway. At Vikersund there is a junction with the Randsfjorden Line (Randsfjordbane) on which Vy Tog operates some express trains between Bergen and Oslo.
Central Cal War Angels
The Central Cal War Angels were a team of the Women's Football Alliance which began play for the 2010 season.  Based in Fresno, California, the War Angels play their home games on the campus of Fresno City College.

Women's Football Alliance
The Women's Football Alliance (WFA) is a semi-pro full-contact women's American football league in the United States. Founded in 2009, it is the largest 11-on-11 football league for women in the world, and the longest running active women's football league in the U.S. Since 2016, the league has operated with three competitive levels: Pro, Division 2 and Division 3. The league is owned and operated by Jeff King and Lisa Gibbons King of Exeter, California. Lisa King is also a wide receiver for the WFA's Cali War.

In addition to operating annual national championship seasons in the United States, the league also operates the WFA International program which organizes international competitions for its own Team United and Team World against each other and all-star teams from other nations. The program also supports international player exchanges and provides logistical support to women's tackle football leagues in Central and South America, Europe, and Africa.
Science and Innovation Park
The Science and Innovation Park is a research and cultural site at Wroughton, near Swindon, England. Part of the Science Museum Group, the 545 acres (221 ha) Park hosts a range of research and development activity, filming and photography projects, storage for culture sector partners and other commercial activity. It is the home of around 80% of the Science Museum Group's collection, largely housed in the Hawking Building.

Wroughton
Wroughton is a large village and civil parish in northeast Wiltshire, England. It is part of the Borough of Swindon and lies along the A4361 between Swindon and Avebury; the road into Swindon crosses the M4 motorway between junctions 15 and 16. The village is about 3.2 miles (5.1 km) south of Swindon town centre on the edge of the Marlborough Downs, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The town of Marlborough is about 11 miles (18 km) to the south, and the World Heritage Site at Avebury is about 7 miles (11 km) to the south.

The parish includes North Wroughton, formerly a small settlement on the road towards Swindon but now part of the built-up area; and the hamlets of Elcombe and Overtown.
The Committee (improv group)
The Committee was a San Francisco-based improvisational comedy group founded by Alan Myerson and Jessica Myerson (born as Irene Ryan and performing as Irene Riordan, later known as Latifah Taormina).  The Myersons were both alums of The Second City in Chicago.

Barbara Bosson
Barbara Bosson (November 1, 1939 – February 18, 2023) was an American actress and writer. She is best known for her roles in the television series Hill Street Blues (1981–1986) and Murder One (1995–1997), for both of which she received six Primetime Emmy Award nominations.
Kert Kingo
Kert Kingo (born 5 March 1968 in Tartu) is an Estonian politician. She served as Minister of Foreign Trade and Information Technology in the second cabinet of Jüri Ratas from 16 May 2019 to 25 October 2019. She resigned after lying over the appointment of an advisor. Kaimar Karu was appointed as her successor. She is affiliated with the Conservative People's Party of Estonia.

Jüri Ratas's second cabinet
Jüri Ratas's second cabinet, colloquially often referred to as EKREIKE, was the 50th cabinet of Estonia, in office from 29 April 2019 to 14 January 2021. It was a centre-right to right-wing coalition cabinet of the Centre Party, right-wing populist Conservative People's Party (EKRE) and conservative Isamaa.
Lose My Mind (Dean Lewis song)
"Lose My Mind" is a song by Australian singer and songwriter Dean Lewis. Released in July 2017 as the third single from his debut extended play Same Kind of Different (2017).

Lewis explained: ""Lose My Mind" could be my favourite song on the EP, it's about how you feel when you are on the verge of losing someone and you feel like you can't live without them. It's like the first night without that person who has been there for you. I remember feeling like the walls were closing in cause that person who I could always turn to was gone. That felt like losing my mind."

In August 2017, "Lose My Mind" was used in a television promotion for the Seven Network's show 800 Words. "Lose My Mind" was ARIA certified triple platinum.

An acoustic version was released on 20 October 2017.

Same Kind of Different
Same Kind of Different  is the debut extended play (EP) by Australian indie pop artist Dean Lewis. It was released on 12 May 2017.

In an interview with Stack Magazine, Lewis said "I go through phases when I'm writing songs; if I'm surging to that kind of music, I'm just keen to write songs like that. I think that there's a thread through them. But I've written 100 to 150 [songs] in the last two years so it was really tough choosing songs for the EP. And it's also hard because I don't want to give everything away too quickly. I kept the ones that I think will be better for the album. I'm really proud of the songs so I can't wait to put this EP out there."

The EP was supported with a "Lose My Mind" national tour throughout November and December 2017. The tour was announced in August 2017.
Wang Film Productions
Wang Film Productions Co., Ltd. (also known as Hong Guang Animation (宏廣) and Cuckoos' Nest Studio) is a Taiwanese animation studio that was founded in 1978. The company, based in Xindian, Taipei with offices in Los Angeles, California, is one of the oldest and most prolific animation studios in Taiwan, and has done traditional hand-drawn 2D animation and ink-and-paint for various animated TV shows and films for studios across North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific.

Leroy & Stitch
Leroy & Stitch is a 2006 American animated science fiction comedy television film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It was written by Bobs Gannaway and Jess Winfield, the latter of whom also served as producer alongside Igor Khait, and directed by Gannaway and Tony Craig. It is the fourth feature film in the Lilo & Stitch franchise and the third and final sequel feature film to the 2002 animated film Lilo & Stitch, serving as the finale of Lilo & Stitch: The Series and concluding the franchise's main continuity where Lilo Pelekai is a main character and Hawaii is the main setting. It is the last Western-animated production in the franchise to date. The film debuted on Disney Channel on June 23, 2006 and was also aired on Toon Disney on June 26, 2006.
Hermitian matrix
In mathematics, a Hermitian matrix (or self-adjoint matrix) is a  square matrix that is equal to its own conjugate transpose—that is, the element in the i-th row and j-th column is equal to the complex conjugate of the element in the j-th row and i-th column, for all indices i and j. In index form, or in matrix form:

Hermitian matrices can be understood as the complex extension of real symmetric matrices.

If the conjugate transpose of a matrix  is denoted by  then the Hermitian property can be written concisely as

Hermitian matrices are named after Charles Hermite, who demonstrated in 1855 that matrices of this form share a property with real symmetric matrices of always having real eigenvalues. Other, equivalent notations in common use are  although in quantum mechanics,  typically means the complex conjugate only, and not the conjugate transpose.

Charles Hermite
Charles Hermite (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl ɛʁˈmit]) FRS FRSE MIAS (24 December 1822 – 14 January 1901) was a French mathematician who did research concerning number theory, quadratic forms, invariant theory, orthogonal polynomials, elliptic functions, and algebra.

Hermite polynomials, Hermite interpolation, Hermite normal form, Hermitian operators (e.g. Hermitian adjoint, Hermitian matrix), and cubic Hermite splines are named in his honor.  One of his students was Henri Poincaré.

He was the first to prove that e, the base of natural logarithms, is a transcendental number.  His methods were used later by Ferdinand von Lindemann to prove that π  is transcendental.
Jaggesh
Eshwar Gowda (born 17 March 1963), known professionally as Jaggesh, is an Indian politician, film actor, director and producer, who mainly works in Kannada cinema. Known for his roles in comedy films, he is popular by the moniker Navarasa Nayaka. Considered one of the popular actors, Jaggesh has won Karnataka State Film Awards and Suvarna Film Awards for his acting.

Jaggesh started his film career by playing minor part in Ibbani Karagithu (1982) and then he essayed supporting roles in Ranadheera (1988), Ranaranga (1988), Yuddha Kaanda (1989), Rani Maharani (1990), C. B. I. Shiva (1991) among others and also worked as an assistant director for several films. His first lead role came with Bhanda Nanna Ganda in 1992 but his major breakthrough came in Tharle Nan Maga in the same year.

He is a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Karnataka since 2022 and the spokesperson of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Karnataka.

C. B. I. Shiva
C. B. I. Shiva is a 1991 Kannada action drama film directed and written by B. Ramamurthy. The film features an ensemble cast including Tiger Prabhakar, Ramesh Aravind, Sunil, Jaggesh and Shruti along with Madhuri, Sridevi and Avinash in other pivotal roles.

The film featured an original score and soundtrack composed by Upendra Kumar.
John Inskeep
John Inskeep (January 29, 1757 – December 18, 1834) was a mayor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, serving twice, from 1800 to 1801 and from 1805 to 1806.

He was born on January 28, 1757, on his family's homestead near the Marlton section of Evesham Township, New Jersey.

As a member of the New Jersey militia, he took part in the Battle of Princeton and other engagements.

On October 20, 1800, he was elected mayor of Philadelphia, succeeding Robert Wharton, who had been reelected but declined to serve. From 1802 to 1805, he served as an Associate Judge of the Common Pleas.

In 1802, he was elected a director of the Insurance Company of North America, of which he served as president from 1806, on the death of Charles Pettit, to 1831, when he retired because of ill health.

He died in Philadelphia on December 18, 1834, where he is buried in Christ Church Burial Ground.

Insurance Company of North America
Insurance Company of North America (INA) is the oldest capital stock insurance company in the United States, founded in Philadelphia in 1792. It was one of the largest American insurance companies of the 19th and 20th centuries before merging with Connecticut General Life to form CIGNA in 1982, and was acquired by global insurer ACE Limited (currently Chubb Limited) in 1999.
Raxaul–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Karmabhoomi Express
The 12545 / 46 Raxaul Junction–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Karmabhoomi Express is a Superfast express train belonging to Indian Railways East Central Zone that runs between Raxaul Junction and Lokmanya Tilak Terminus in India.

It operates as train number 12545 from Raxaul Junction to Lokmanya Tilak Terminus and as train number 12546 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh & Maharashtra.

Lokmanya Tilak Terminus
Lokmanya Tilak Terminus (also known by its former name Kurla Terminus, station code: LTT) is a railhead and a major railway terminus in the Kurla suburb of Mumbai, India. LTT is managed by the Central Railway. The Kurla and Tilak Nagar suburban railway stations are located nearby. It is one of the five railway terminals within Mumbai, the others being Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Dadar (Central) on the Central line, and Mumbai Central, Dadar (Western) and Bandra Terminus on the Western line.
The Hardest Part Tour
The Hardest Part Tour is the third concert tour by American singer Noah Cyrus, in support of her debut studio album, The Hardest Part (2022). The tour begins on October 4, 2022, in Phoenix, Arizona and ends on October 1, 2023, in Columbia, Missouri.

Noah Cyrus
Noah Lindsey Cyrus (born January 8, 2000) is an American singer and actress. As a child actress, she voiced the titular character in the English dub of the film Ponyo (2008), and appeared in minor roles on shows including  Hannah Montana and Doc. In 2016, she made her debut as a singer with the single "Make Me (Cry)" featuring Labrinth, which peaked at number 46 on the Billboard Hot 100. Cyrus has released three extended plays: Good Cry (2018), The End of Everything (2020), People Don't Change (2021). Her first full-length album The Hardest Part was released on September 16, 2022, to widespread critical acclaim. Her second studio album I Want My Loved Ones to Go with Me was released on July 11, 2025. She was nominated for Best New Artist at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards. Cyrus is the youngest child of Billy Ray Cyrus and Tish Cyrus, and the younger sister of Miley Cyrus.
Anti-Korean sentiment
Anti-Korean sentiment, also known as Koreaphobia or Koryophobia, describes negative feelings towards Korean people, or Korean culture. It differs from opposition to one of the two countries that actually exists on the Korean Peninsula (anti-South Korean or anti-North Korean sentiment).

Anti-Korean sentiment has varied by location and time. The conflicting perceptions of Koreans and Japanese about Japan's occupation of Korea often lead to dispute. In recent years, sentiment has largely been impacted by politics, military aggression, territorial disputes, disputes over claims of historical revisionism, economic competition, and culture.

Anti–North Korean sentiment
Anti-North Korean sentiment or anti-Democratic People's Republic of Korea sentiment (simply anti-DPRK sentiment) refers to opposition or hostility towards the North Korea. While anti-North Korean or anti-DPRK sentiment are distinct from "anti-Korean sentiment" related to ethnic hostilities, they may also include racist elements such as hostility towards the North Korean people.

In the 21st century, anti-North Korean sentiments stem in large part from the state's nuclear weapons program and a low human rights record.
Rock & Roll Queen
"Rock & Roll Queen" is a single from the British indie rock band The Subways, from their debut record Young for Eternity. It is the third single from the CD. It was featured on the hit drama The OC and is track 1 on Music from the OC: Mix 5. It also features in British TV advertisements for Rimmel, the movie Live Free or Die Hard, the 2008 German movie Die Welle as well as appearing on the soundtracks of EA Sports games Rugby 06 and FIFA Street 2. In 2008, the song appeared in the video games Saints Row 2, Pure and Forza Horizon. It was used in the scene to introduce Evers boys in the Netflix film The School for Good and Evil. In 2014, the song was used in the TV series Chernobyl: Zone of Exclusion. The song was also used in the trailer and nightclub scene for the film RocknRolla, in which The Subways appear performing the song.

Cash Box said of the song that it has "dance drive and the power" and that it "should bring this newcomer act into top forty form."

The Wave (2008 film)
The Wave (German: Die Welle) is a 2008 German socio-political thriller film directed by Dennis Gansel and starring Jürgen Vogel, Frederick Lau, Jennifer Ulrich and Max Riemelt in the leads. It is based on Ron Jones' social experiment The Third Wave and Todd Strasser's novel The Wave. The film was produced by Christian Becker for Rat Pack Filmproduktion. The movie was successful in German cinemas, and 2.3 million people watched it in the first ten weeks after its release.

In the  film, a history teacher starts an experiment in manipulation of the masses, while trying to teach his class about autocracy. The students unwittingly start embracing fascism.
McDonald Territory
The McDonald Territory was an extralegal, unrecognized territory of the United States that comprised all of McDonald County, Missouri and existed for a short time from 1961 to 1962. In 1961, a provisional government chose the name when they attempted to secede the county from the state of Missouri. The government of the territory was never recognized by the State of Missouri nor the United States Congress.  Described by the Neosho Daily News as a "publicity stunt", the McDonald Territory's claims to independence were rarely taken seriously by those not involved.

Noel, Missouri
Noel is a city on the Elk River and Butler and Mill creeks in McDonald County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,124 as of the 2020 census, up from 1,832 in 2010. The city is in the southwest corner of Missouri, just north of the Arkansas border.
Primary Stages
Primary Stages was founded in 1984 by Casey Childs as an Off-Broadway not-for-profit theater company. In 2004, Primary Stages moved from its 99-seat home of 17 years at 354 West 45th Street to the 199-seat theater at 59E59 Theaters. In 2014, the company moved to The Duke on 42nd Street until 2016, when the Cherry Lane Theatre became the home for all Primary Stages productions.

Dan O'Brien (playwright)
Dan O’Brien (born 1974) is an American playwright, poet, memoirist, essayist, and librettist. His most prominent works have been the play The Body of an American and the poetry collection War Reporter. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for 2015–16. His play The House in Scarsdale: A Memoir for the Stage was the winner of the 2018 PEN America Award for Drama.
Brantford Eagles
The Brantford Eagles were a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Brantford, Ontario, Canada.  They played in the Mid-Western Conference of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League.

On May 23, 2012, the Eagles were transplanted to Caledonia, Ontario, and renamed the Caledonia Corvairs, the name of the long-running Junior C team in the town.

Caledonia, Ontario
Caledonia is a community located on the Grand River in Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada. It had a population of 12,179 as of the 2021 Canadian Census. Caledonia is within Ward 3 of Haldimand County. The Councillor elected for Ward 3 is Dan Lawrence. As of 2021, there were 4,310 private dwellings in Caledonia.

Caledonia is located at the intersection of Highway 6 and Haldimand Highway 54 (within the town, these streets are called Argyle Street and Caithness Street respectively) on the Grand River.