hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spreewerk
Metallwarenfabrik Spreewerk GmbH was a German weapons manufacturing company. Spreewerk produced a number of important weapons and components before and during World War II including 280,880 of the Walther P.38 pistol which was the standard service pistol of the German Heer, and the famous 8.8 cm Flak anti-aircraft gun.

Walther P38
The Walther P38 (originally written Walther P.38) is a 9 mm semi-automatic pistol that was developed by Carl Walther GmbH as the service pistol of the Wehrmacht at the beginning of World War II. It was intended to replace the comparatively complex and expensive to produce Luger P08. Moving the production lines to the more easily mass producible P38 once World War II started took longer than expected, leading to the P08 remaining in production until September 1942 and copies remained in service until the end of the war.
Wiener sausage
In the mathematical field of probability, the Wiener sausage is a neighborhood of the trace of a Brownian motion up to a time t, given by taking all points within a fixed distance of  Brownian motion. It can be visualized as a sausage of fixed radius whose centerline is Brownian motion. The Wiener sausage was named after Norbert Wiener  by M. D. Donsker and S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan (1975) because of its relation to the Wiener process; the name is also a pun on Vienna sausage, as "Wiener" is German for "Viennese".

The Wiener sausage is one of the simplest non-Markovian functionals of Brownian motion. Its applications include stochastic phenomena including heat conduction. It was first described  by Frank Spitzer (1964), and it was used  by Mark Kac and Joaquin Mazdak Luttinger (1973, 1974) to explain results of a Bose–Einstein condensate, with proofs published by M. D. Donsker and S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan (1975).

S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
Sathamangalam Ranga Iyengar Srinivasa Varadhan, FRS (born 2 January 1940) is an Indian American mathematician and statistician. He is known for his fundamental contributions to probability theory and in particular for creating a unified theory of large deviations. He is regarded as one of the fundamental contributors to the theory of diffusion processes with an orientation towards the refinement and further development of Itô’s stochastic calculus. In the year 2007, he became the first Asian to win the Abel Prize.
Jörg Stohler
Jörg Stohler (born 27 August 1949) is a Swiss former international footballer who played as a defender during the 1970s and 1980s. He played over 300 League Championship matches and won the Swiss League Championship four times. He also won the Swiss Cup, the Swiss League Cup and Coppa delle Alpi once. Stohler played ten games for the Swiss national team.

Cup of the Alps
Coppa delle Alpi (translated as Cup of the Alps) was an official football tournament, first organized by the Italian national league in 1960, aided by the Swiss League from 1962, running from 1960 until 1987.

In the 1960s and 1961 editions ranking was compiled by adding the points of the Italian and Swiss teams. The tournament was won by the Italian federation in both editions, and the teams that represented it was given a cup of reduced dimensions (A.S. Roma, Catania Calcio, Hellas Verona F.C., Catanzaro Calcio, Triestina, U.S. Città di Palermo, Napoli Calcio and Alessandria Calcio in the 1960 and S.S. Lazio, Fiorentina, A.C. Monza Brianza 1912, Pro Patria Calcio, A.C. Reggiana 1919, Parma F.C., Lecco Calcio and Brescia Calcio in the 1961).
Vadacurry
Vadacurry is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language comedy thriller film written and directed by debutant Saravana Rajan. The film stars Jai and Swathi Reddy and was produced by Dayanidhi Azhagiri's Meeka Entertainment. The film has cinematography by Venkatesh and the technical crew includes editing by Praveen K. L. and N. B. Srikanth and art direction by Ramalingam, while the costumes were designed by Anusha Dayanidhi. The film started filming on 19 August 2013, and was released on 19 June 2014.

Swathi Reddy
Swathi Reddy (born 19 April 1987) is a former Indian actress and television presenter who predominantly worked in Telugu films, along with Tamil and Malayalam films. She has acted in over 29 movies. Her nickname Colours Swathi comes from her stint in the Telugu television show Colours, which was telecast on Maa TV.

After playing supporting roles, she made her debut as a lead actress in the Tamil film Subramaniapuram (2008). Her role in the Telugu film Ashta Chamma (2008) earned her the Filmfare Award and Nandi Award for Best Actress. She also worked as a dubbing artist, and a playback singer in a few films. Her other notable films include Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule (2007), Swamy Ra Ra (2013), Amen (2013), and Karthikeya (2014).
Reduction (computability theory)
In computability theory, many reducibility relations (also called reductions, reducibilities, and notions of reducibility) are studied. They are motivated by the question: given sets  and  of natural numbers, is it possible to effectively convert a method for deciding membership in  into a method for deciding membership in ?  If the answer to this question is affirmative then  is said to be reducible to .

The study of reducibility notions is motivated by the study of decision problems. For many notions of reducibility, if any noncomputable set is reducible to a set  then  must also be noncomputable.  This gives a powerful technique for proving that many sets are noncomputable.

Computable set
In computability theory, a set of natural numbers is computable (or decidable or recursive) if there is an algorithm that computes the membership of every natural number in a finite number of steps. A set is noncomputable (or undecidable) if it is not computable.
Like Weezy
"Like Weezy" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper Playboi Carti. It was released through AWGE and Interscope Records as the twenty-fifth track from Carti's third studio album, Music, on March 14, 2025. The song was written by Playboi Carti, alongside producers Ojivolta and Kelvin Krash. The song contains a sample of "Bend Over" by Rich Kidz.

Kelvin Krash
Kelvin Krash is a British music producer. He is known for his work with American rapper ASAP Rocky and creating the instrumentals for some of his singles. He has previously worked with Swedish House Mafia as a featured producer.
This Little Light of Mine
"This Little Light of Mine" is an American gospel song that originated in the 1920s, when it was first sung in Christian churches and penitentiaries. The hymn is often attributed to evangelist Harry Dixon Loes who is said to have written it for children, using the biblical passage about the lamp under a bushel as inspiration. However, researchers at the Moody Bible Institute said they found no evidence that he wrote it, though they noted that Loes did create the popular arrangement of the hymn in the 1940s. The gospel song became popular among African-American Christians, and it was later adapted by Zilphia Horton, amongst many other activists, in connection with the civil rights movement. "This Little Light of Mine" is printed in the hymnals of various Christian denominations.

Lamp under a bushel
The parable of the lamp under a bushel (also known as the lamp under a bowl) is one of the parables of Jesus. It appears in Matthew 5:14–15, Mark 4:21–25 and Luke 8:16–18. In Matthew, the parable is a continuation of the discourse on salt and light in Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, whereas in Mark and Luke, it is connected with Jesus' explanation of the Parable of the Sower. The parable also appears in the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas as saying 33.
Chevereșu Mare
Chevereșu Mare (Hungarian: Nagykövéres; German: Großkeweresch; Serbian: Велики Кевереш, romanized: Veliki Kevereš; Slovene: Kovači) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Chevereșu Mare (commune seat), Dragșina and Vucova.

Moșnița Nouă
Moșnița Nouă (Hungarian: Mosnicatelep or Újmosnica; German: Neumoschnitz; Serbian: Нова Мошница, romanized: Nova Mošnica) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Albina, Moșnița Nouă (commune seat), Moșnița Veche, Rudicica and Urseni.
Itziar Castro
Itziar Castro i Rivadulla (14 February 1977 – 8 December 2023) was a Spanish actress known mainly for her role as Gоya Fernández in Locked Up and participating in films such as Champions or Skins, for which she was nominated to the Goya Award for Best New Actress.

Champions (2018 film)
Champions (Spanish: Campeones) is a 2018 Spanish sports comedy-drama film directed by Javier Fesser and written by Fesser and David Marqués. It was selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.
Three Men in a Boat (1975 film)
Three Men in a Boat is a 1975 BBC comedy film adapted by Tom Stoppard, directed by Stephen Frears and starring Tim Curry, Michael Palin, and Stephen Moore. It is based on the 1889 novel Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome.

Michael Palin appeared in this film just as he was establishing his post-Monty Python career, and the film has "glints of Python-like silliness throughout".

Jerome K. Jerome
Jerome Klapka Jerome (2 May 1859 – 14 June 1927) was an English writer and humorist, best known for the comic travelogue Three Men in a Boat (1889). Other works include the essay collections Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow (1886) and Second Thoughts of an Idle Fellow; Three Men on the Bummel, a sequel to Three Men in a Boat; and several other novels.

Jerome was born in Walsall, England, and, although he was able to attend grammar school, his family suffered from poverty at times, as did he as a young man trying to earn a living in various occupations. In his twenties, he was able to publish some work, and success followed. He married in 1888, and the honeymoon was spent on a boat on the River Thames; he published Three Men in a Boat soon afterwards. He continued to write fiction, non-fiction and plays over the next few decades, though never with the same level of success.
E. E. Cammack
Edmund Ernest Cammack FAIA FCAS (7 December 1881 – 17 December 1958) was an English actuary who was an early figure in the Aetna Life Insurance company and a founder member of the Casualty Actuarial Society of America.

Cammack made several contributions to actuarial journals and, as a renowned actuary, he was regularly asked to contribute to US Governmental debates.  In 1926, he founded a graduate school that continues to this day at Aetna Life Insurance.

Casualty Actuarial Society
The Casualty Actuarial Society (CAS) is a leading international professional society of actuaries, based in North America, and specializing in property and casualty insurance.

There are three classes of CAS membership: Associate (ACAS), Fellow (FCAS), and Affiliate. Requirements for the first two classes include a comprehensive series of exams. Topics covered in the exams include statistics, mathematics, finance, economics, insurance, enterprise risk management, and actuarial science. The third class of CAS membership, Affiliate, includes qualified actuaries who practice in property-casualty insurance but do not meet the qualifications to become an Associate or Fellow.
Kwun Tong Bypass
The Kwun Tong Bypass (also spelt Kwun Tong By-pass) is an elevated expressway between Lam Tin and Kowloon Bay in Kwun Tong District, Kowloon East, Hong Kong, with three lanes in each direction and a posted speed limit of 70–80 kilometres per hour (43–50 mph). It is part of Route 2 and has links to Route 5 and Route 7. It bypasses the industrial township of Kwun Tong and passes next to the boundary of the Kai Tak Airport.

Constructed mainly along the seaward frontage of Kwun Tong Business Area, the 5.2-kilometre (3.2 mi) bypass was built to alleviate traffic congestion on Kwun Tong Road of Route 7, to which it is parallel. It bridges Eastern Harbour Crossing (Route 2) and Tseung Kwan O Tunnel (Route 7) at its southeastern end with Tate's Cairn Tunnel (Route 2) and Kai Tak Tunnel (Route 5) at its northwestern end, providing a fast connection across eastern New Kowloon.

Kai Tak Tunnel
Kai Tak Tunnel, formerly known as the Airport Tunnel, is a tunnel in New Kowloon, Hong Kong, which connects the Kowloon Bay and Ma Tau Kok areas by going beneath the former Hong Kong International Airport (Kai Tak Airport). It is part of Route 5.

The tunnel provides a quick link between the two ends of the tunnel, as before the construction of the tunnel vehicles had to detour through Kowloon City to reach the other end. Kai Tak Tunnel is currently managed by Greater Lucky (H.K.) Company Limited.
Robert Sheaffer
Robert Sheaffer (born 1949) is an American freelance writer and UFO skeptic. He is a paranormal investigator of unidentified flying objects, having researched many sightings and written critiques of the hypothesis that UFOs are alien spacecraft. In addition to UFOs, his writings cover topics such as Christianity, academic feminism, the scientific theory of evolution, and creationism. He is the author of six books.

Sheaffer wrote for Skeptical Inquirer (where he contributed the regular "Psychic Vibrations" column), 1977–2017, Fate Magazine, and Spaceflight. He was a founding member (with Philip J. Klass and James Oberg) of the UFO Subcommittee of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, and is a former fellow of that organization. He is a graduate of Northwestern University and a member of Mensa.

Mensa International
Mensa International is the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world. It is a non-profit organization open to people who score at the 98th percentile or higher on a standardised, supervised IQ or other approved intelligence test. Mensa formally comprises national groups and the umbrella organisation Mensa International, with a registered office in Caythorpe, Lincolnshire, England, which is separate from the British Mensa office in Wolverhampton.
F. J. Duarte
Francisco Javier "Frank" Duarte (born c. 1954) is a laser physicist and author/editor of several books on tunable lasers.

His research on physical optics and laser development has won several awards, including an Engineering Excellence Award in 1995 for the invention of the N-slit laser interferometer.

Ronald Ernest Aitchison
Ronald Ernest Aitchison (29 December 1921 – 9 March 1996) was an Australian physicist and electronics engineer who contributed to a range of fields and technologies from solid-state devices to satellite imaging. He was born in Hurstville, New South Wales, Australia on 29 December 1921.
William W. Mackall
William Whann Mackall (January 18, 1817 – August 12, 1891) was a Seminole Wars veteran, Mexican–American War veteran and Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War. He was a United States Army officer for 24 years before he resigned his commission in order to join the Confederate Army. After the Civil War, he was a farmer in Fairfax County, Virginia.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Julio Velázquez
Julio Velázquez Santiago (born 5 October 1981) is a Spanish football manager, currently in charge of Bulgarian First League club Levski Sofia.

He began coaching at 15, and was the youngest ever Segunda División manager with Villarreal B at 30. He managed four other teams in that league, and Alavés in La Liga.

Abroad, Velázquez spent several years in Portugal's Primeira Liga with Belenenses, Vitória de Setúbal and Marítimo. He also had a brief spell in the Italian Serie A at Udinese, and the Dutch Eredivisie with Fortuna Sittard.

Udinese Calcio
Udinese Calcio (Italian pronunciation: [udiˈneːze ˈkaltʃo, -eːse -]; "Udinese Football") is a professional football club based in Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. The team currently competes in the Serie A, the first tier of Italian football. It was founded on 30 November 1896 as a sports club, and on 5 July 1911 as a football club.

The traditional team home kit is black and white striped shirt, black shorts, and white socks. The club broadcasts on channel 110 (Udinese Channel) on digital terrestrial television in the north-east of Italy. It has many fans in Friuli and the surrounding areas.
Hit Me Off
"Hit Me Off" is a song by American R&B group New Edition, released in July 1996, by MCA Records, as the first single from the group's sixth studio album, Home Again (1996), as well as their first single in seven years. Featuring lead vocals from all six New Edition members, it samples "Storm King" by Bob James, "I Got Cha Opin" by Black Moon, and "One Nation Under a Groove" by Funkadelic.

"Hit Me Off" debuted and peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 while topping the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart for three weeks, their fifth number-one hit on the listing. It sold 600,000 copies domestically and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. It was also certified gold in New Zealand, where it reached number two.

Black Moon (group)
Black Moon (backronymed as Brothers Lyrically Acting Combining Kicking Music Out On Nations) is an American underground hip hop group from Brooklyn, New York. Formed in 1992 by East Coast rappers Buckshot and 5ft and record producer DJ Evil Dee, they debuted in 1992 with the release of the single "Who Got da Props". The group was most notable for their debut album Enta da Stage, and their affiliation with the Boot Camp Clik. As of 2024, the group has released four studio albums.
Rhode Island Route 1A
Route 1A, largely signed as Scenic 1A, is a 33.3-mile (53.6 km) long numbered state highway located in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The route, which parallels U.S. Route 1 (US 1) for its entire length, has four distinct sections connected by US 1, two of which require median u-turn ramps to cross US 1. It travels through five towns in Washington County: Westerly, Charlestown, South Kingstown, Narragansett, and North Kingstown.

Route 1A should not be confused with U.S. Route 1A, which exists north of Route 1A in Providence County, beginning in Warwick and crossing into Massachusetts in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Not helping matters is the presence of Route 1A shields on US 1A.

Charlestown, Rhode Island
Charlestown, nicknamed C-Town by locals, is a town on the southern coastline of Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. Charlestown is bordered by Westerly to the west, Richmond to the north divided by the Pawcatuck River, and South Kingstown to the east, with the Block Island Sound to the south. Charlestown, similarly to Westerly, Rhode Island, is a tourist destination during the months of May through October for destinations such as the Charlestown Breachway, East Beach, and more.
1989 in Michigan
Events from the year 1989 in Michigan included the murder of the DeLisle children; the battle against the crack cocaine epidemic in Detroit; the Detroit Pistons sweeping the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1989 NBA Finals to win their first NBA championship; interim head coach Steve Fisher leading Michigan to the national championship in the NCAA tournament; Barry Sanders signing with the Detroit Lions; and Madonna's album Like a Prayer and the single of the "same name" both reaching No. 1 on the charts.

Murder of the DeLisle children
In August 1989, Lawrence John DeLisle (born September 6, 1960)  killed his four children by driving the family station wagon into the Detroit River in Wyandotte, Michigan. A jury found DeLisle guilty of four counts of first-degree murder after a trial in June 1990. In year-end polls of Associated Press newspapers, the DeLisle case ranked as the No. 7 news story in Michigan in 1989 and the No. 6 story of 1990.
Gurinder Singh
Gurinder Singh Dhillon, also known as Baba Ji to his followers, is the spiritual head of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB). He succeeded Charan Singh, his uncle, in 1990. The headquarters of this spiritual community, called Dera Baba Jaimal Singh, is located beside the river Beas near the town of Beas, Punjab, in northern India, and have been a centre for Satsang since 1891. RSSB has centres located worldwide.

Beas City
Beas is a riverside city in the Amritsar district of the Indian state of Punjab, 43 km from Amritsar city, the district headquarters. It has a population of 55,295: 28,921 male and 26,374 female. Beas lies on the banks of the Beas River.

Beas town is mostly located in revenue boundary of Budha Theh with parts in villages Dholo Nangal and Wazir Bhullar. Beas falls in Amritsar district. The size of the area is about 68.75 square kilometer. Budha Theh is a census town in Baba Bakala tehsil of Amritsar district.
Press club
A press club is an organization for journalists and others who are professionally engaged in the production and dissemination of news. A press club whose membership is defined by the press of a given country may be known as a National Press Club of that country.

Press clubs for foreign correspondents are called Foreign Correspondents' Clubs.

Foreign Correspondents' Club
Foreign Correspondents' Club is a group of clubs for foreign correspondents and other journalists. Some clubs are members only, and some are open to the public.

In 1883 the first associations of foreign correspondents were founded in Paris: Syndicat de la Presse Étrangère à Paris : 10 rue Lentonnet, Paris 9; f . 1883; Pres . Elisabeth Dmitrieff; Sec . - Gen . Sylvain Krainik, avocat à la Cour et jour naliste; Mme SOPHIA Dimonte. and Vienna.
In 1888 the Foreign Press Association was founded in London.
David Matamoros Batson
David Andres Matamoros Batson (born 17 July 1956) is a Honduran lawyer and politician. He was a Magistrate and the President of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Honduras from 2010-2011 and again from 2013-2014.

He was also deputy of the National Congress of Honduras representing the National Party of Honduras for Francisco Morazán during the 1994–98 and 2006–10 periods, also was General Secretary of the National Party (2002-2004) and President of the National Telecommunications Commission (2004-2005).

In 2009, he was appointed a magistrate of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal and served as its president during the 2010-11 period and again during the 2013-14 period.

National Electoral Council (Honduras)
The National Electoral Council (Spanish: Consejo Nacional Electoral) is the highest electoral authority, both at the administrative and jurisdictional level in the Republic of Honduras. It was created through constitutional reforms in January 2019, supplanting the previous Supreme Electoral Tribunal (Spanish: Tribunal Supremo Electoral).

The Council alongside the Electoral Justice Tribunal (Spanish: Tribunal de Justicia Electoral) deal with everything related to electoral acts and procedures. Integration, organization and operation are governed by the precepts of the Constitution of Honduras and the Electoral and Political Organizations.