hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Catellani reaction
The Catellani reaction was discovered by Marta Catellani (Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy) and co-workers in 1997. The reaction uses aryl iodides to perform bi- or tri-functionalization, including C-H functionalization of the unsubstituted ortho position(s), followed a terminating cross-coupling reaction at the ipso position. This cross-coupling cascade reaction depends on the ortho-directing transient mediator, norbornene.

Cross-coupling reaction
In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this:

R, R' = organic fragments, usually aryl;
M = main group center such as Li or Mg;
X = halide

These reactions are used to form carbon–carbon bonds but also carbon-heteroatom bonds.  Cross-coupling reaction are a subset of coupling reactions.

Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.
Claremont Cottage
Claremont Cottage is a heritage-listed residence at Claremont Crescent, Windsor, New South Wales, an outer suburb of Sydney, Australia. It was built from 1807 to 1822. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Windsor, New South Wales
Windsor is a historic town in north-western Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. It is the council seat of the Hawkesbury local government area. The town sits on the Hawkesbury River, enveloped by farmland and Australian bush. Many of the oldest surviving European buildings in Australia are located at Windsor. It is 56 km (35 mi) north-west of the Sydney CBD, on the fringes of urban sprawl.
Andrew McLachlan
Andrew Lockhart McLachlan CSC (born 14 January 1966) is an Australian politician who has been a Senator for South Australia since 6 February 2020, representing the Liberal Party of Australia. He was previously a member of the South Australian Legislative Council, having been elected at the 2014 state election, and was subsequently elected President of the South Australian Legislative Council in May 2018. He resigned as president and member of the Legislative Council in February 2020, to take up the vacant seat in the Senate caused by the resignation of Cory Bernardi. He was re-elected in 2022, with his term expiring in 2028.

Prior to entering state parliament, McLachlan was a lawyer, army officer and a businessman working in the financial services industry.

President of the South Australian Legislative Council
The President of the South Australian Legislative Council is the presiding officer of the South Australian Legislative Council, the upper house of the Parliament of South Australia. The other presiding officer is the speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly.
George Mitchell (Chesterhall) Ltd v Finney Lock Seeds Ltd
George Mitchell (Chesterhall) Ltd v Finney Lock Seeds Ltd is a case concerning the sale of goods and exclusion clauses. It was decided under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 and the Sale of Goods Act 1979.

Sale of Goods Act 1979
The Sale of Goods Act 1979 (c. 4) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which regulated English contract law and UK commercial law in respect of goods that are sold and bought. The Act consolidated the original Sale of Goods Act 1893 and subsequent legislation, which in turn had codified and consolidated the law. Since 1979, there have been numerous minor statutory amendments and additions to the 1979 act. It was replaced for some aspects of consumer contracts from 1 October 2015 by the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c 22) but remains the primary legislation underpinning business-to-business transactions involving selling or buying goods.

The act applies to contracts where property in 'goods' is transferred or agreed to be transferred for a monetary consideration, in other words: where property (ownerstop) in personal chattels is sold.
Haras National d'Hennebont
The Haras National d'Hennebont (English: Hennebont National Stud) is one of five equestrian centers in the French region of Brittany. It was created in 1856 in Hennebont, Morbihan, around the former Abbey of La Joie, as a result of an exchange with the Abbey of Notre-Dame de Langonnet. Inaugurated by Napoleon III on August 15, 1858, it was classified as a historic monument in 1995.

The Haras National d'Hennebont has a long tradition of public stallion breeding, acquiring and making available stallions, mainly of the Breton breed, to breeders in its district. This historic function gradually came to an end between 2007 and 2016, with the transition from state management to that of a Syndicat Mixte. The national equestrian society housed there, founded in 1964, will cease operations in 2019.

Now mainly devoted to tourism, the Haras National features a horse discovery area and a driving school, and organizes numerous shows and events throughout the year, including a Christmas market.

Breton horse
The Trait Breton is a French breed of draught horse. It originated in Brittany, in north-west France, from cross-breeding of local horses with various other breeds. It is strong and muscular, and often has a chestnut coat.

There are two principal subtypes: the Postier Breton is an agile harness and light draught breed; the Trait Breton is heavier, and best suited to agricultural work. The Breton was used as a working animal for agricultural and military purposes; in the twenty-first century it is reared principally for horsemeat. A stud book was started in 1909.
Insular Italy
Insular Italy (Italian: Italia insulare or just isole, lit. 'Islands') is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Insular Italy encompasses two of the country's 20 regions:

Sardinia

Sicily

Italian National Institute of Statistics
The Italian National Institute of Statistics (Italian: Istituto nazionale di statistica; Istat) is the primary source of official statistics in Italy. The institute conducts a variety of activities, including the census of population, economic censuses, and numerous social, economic, and environmental surveys and analyses. Istat is the largest producer of statistical information in Italy and is actively involved in the European Statistical System, which is overseen by Eurostat.
Antoine Winfield Jr.
Antoine Duane Winfield Jr. (born August 16, 1998) is an American professional football safety for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers, earning unanimous All-American honors. Winfield was selected by the Buccaneers in the second round of the 2020 NFL draft.

Minnesota Golden Gophers football
The Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represents the University of Minnesota in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Founded in 1882, Minnesota has been a member of the Big Ten Conference since its inception in 1896 as the Western Conference. The Golden Gophers claim seven national championships, including four (1936, 1940, 1941, and 1960) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll.

Since 2009, the Golden Gophers have played all their home games at Huntington Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The team is currently coached by P. J. Fleck.
Mimi Kalinda
Mimi Kalinda, originally from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda and raised in South Africa, is the Group CEO and co-founder of Africa Communications Media Group, (ACG), a Pan-African public relations and communications agency based in Johannesburg, South Africa.

She also works with the Bezos Earth Fund as Senior Communications Lead.

Through her company, Storytelling and Leadership, she has developed courses for organizations like Absa Bank, the Obama Foundation, and the Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS). She regularly delivers masterclasses and workshops on storytelling, including recent sessions at the Vodacom Africa Rising Conference and MultiChoice Women in Technology Conference.

Additionally, she is an adjunct professor at IE University, where she teaches storytelling and public speaking.

Obama Foundation
The Barack Obama Foundation is a Chicago-based nonprofit organization founded in 2014. It oversees the creation of the Barack Obama Presidential Center, runs the My Brother's Keeper Alliance (a program Barack Obama began while he was president), and operates a scholarship program through the University of Chicago's Harris School of Public Policy.
Alison Limerick
Alison T. Limerick (born 1959, Stepney) is a British singer-songwriter who scored success in the 1990s with the club anthem "Where Love Lives", which was her solo debut and a No. 3 hit on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play in 1991.

Anthem
An anthem is a musical composition of celebration, usually used as a symbol for a distinct group, particularly the national anthems of countries. Originally, and in music theory and religious contexts, it also refers more particularly to short sacred choral work (still frequently seen in Sacred Harp and other types of shape note singing) and still more particularly to a specific form of liturgical music. In this sense, its use began c. 1550 in English-speaking churches; it uses English language words, in contrast to the originally Roman Catholic 'motet' which sets a Latin text.
61st Air Base Wing
The 61st Air Base Wing is an inactive wing of the United States Air Force, last stationed at Los Angeles Air Force Base, El Segundo, California. The 61st was the host unit at Los Angeles Air Force Base, and commanded all the Air Force support groups and units assigned to the base. When active. the wing is entitled to temporary bestowal of the history and honors stems of the 61st Troop Carrier Group.

Its mission was to provide base operating support to Los Angeles Air Force Base customers.

Los Angeles Air Force Base
Los Angeles Air Force Base (LAAFB) is a United States Space Force base located in El Segundo, California.  Los Angeles Air Force Base houses and supports the headquarters of the Space Systems Command field command of the United States Space Force, which was established on August 13, 2021. The center manages research, development and acquisition of military space systems.
Ramariopsis kunzei
Ramariopsis kunzei is an edible species of coral fungi in the family Clavariaceae, and the type species of the genus Ramariopsis. It is commonly known as white coral because of the branched structure of the fruit bodies that resemble marine coral.

The fruit bodies are up to 5 cm (2 in) tall by 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) wide, with numerous branches originating from a short rudimentary stem. The branches are one to two millimeters thick, smooth, and white, sometimes with yellowish tips in age.

Ramariopsis kunzei has a widespread distribution, and is found in North America, Eurasia, and Australia.

Clavarioid fungi
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.

Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Clavaria ("clavarioid" means Clavaria-like), but it is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers.
Muzaffar Shah III
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III was the last sultan of the Muzaffarid dynasty who nominally reigned over the Gujarat Sultanate, a late medieval kingdom in India from 1561 to 1573 though true powers were exerted by his nobles. Mughal Emperor Akbar annexed Gujarat into his empire in 1573. Muzaffar Shah III was taken prisoner to Agra. In 1583, he escaped from the prison and with the help of the nobles succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's general Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana in January 1584. He fled and finally took asylum under Jam Sataji of Nawanagar State. The Battle of Bhuchar Mori was fought between the Mughal forces led by Mirza Aziz Koka and the combined Kathiawar forces in 1591 to protect him. He finally committed suicide in 1592 when he was surrendered to the Mughal by the ruler of Cutch State.

Cutch State
Cutch State, also spelled Kutch or Kachchh and also historically known as the Kingdom of Kutch, was a kingdom in the Kutch region from 1147 to 1819 and a princely state under British rule from 1819 to 1947. Its territories covered the present day Kutch region of Gujarat north of the Gulf of Kutch. Bordered by Sindh in the north, Cutch State was one of the few princely states with a coastline.

The state had an area of 7,616 square miles (19,725 km2) and a population estimated at 488,022 in 1901. During the British Raj, the state was part of the Cutch Agency and later the Western India States Agency within the Bombay Presidency.
The rulers maintained an army of 354 cavalry, 1,412 infantry and 164 guns.
Resistance (psychoanalysis)
In psychoanalysis, resistance is the individual's efforts to prevent repressed drives, feelings or thoughts from being integrated into conscious awareness.

Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalytic theory, developed the concept of resistance as he worked with patients who suddenly developed uncooperative behaviors during the analytic session. Freud reasoned that an individual that is suffering from a psychological affliction, which in psychoanalytic theory is derived from the presence of repressed illicit impulses or thoughts, may engage in efforts to impede attempts to confront such unconscious impulses or thoughts.

Repetition compulsion
Repetition compulsion is the unconscious tendency of a person to repeat a traumatic event or its circumstances. This may take the form of symbolically or literally re-enacting the event, or putting oneself in situations where the event is likely to occur again. Repetition compulsion can also take the form of dreams in which memories and feelings of what happened are repeated, and in cases of psychosis, may even be hallucinated.

As a "key component in Freud's understanding of mental life, 'repetition compulsion' ... describes the pattern whereby people endlessly repeat patterns of behaviour which were difficult or distressing in earlier life".
David Philipson
David Philipson (August 9, 1862 – June 29, 1949) was an American Reform rabbi, orator, and author.

The son of German-Jewish immigrants, he was a member of the first graduating class of the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. As an adult, he was one of the leaders of American Reform Judaism and a philanthropic leader in his adopted hometown of Cincinnati. In addition to English, he spoke Hebrew, German, Arabic, Aramaic, and Amharic.

Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion
The Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC-JIR; also known as Hebrew Union College or HUC) is an institution of higher Jewish education and the academic, spiritual, and professional leadership development center of Reform Judaism. It has three locations in the United States and one location in Jerusalem. It is the oldest extant Jewish seminary in the Americas and the main seminary for training rabbis, cantors, educators and communal workers in Reform Judaism. Hebrew Union College has campuses in Cincinnati, Ohio, New York City, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem. The Jerusalem campus is the only seminary in Israel for training Reform Jewish clergy.
Raymond, Wisconsin
Raymond is a village in Racine County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,926 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated communities of Kneeland and Raymond are located in the town, as was the ghost town of Raymond Center. The unincorporated communities of North Cape and Union Church are also located partially in the town.

Administrative divisions of Wisconsin
The administrative divisions of Wisconsin include counties, cities, villages and towns. In Wisconsin, all of these are units of general-purpose local government. There are also a number of special-purpose districts formed to handle regional concerns, such as school districts.

Whether a community is a city, village or town is not strictly dependent on the community's population or area, but on the form of government selected by the residents and approved by the Wisconsin State Legislature. Cities and villages can overlap county boundaries; for example, the city of Whitewater is located in Walworth and Jefferson counties.
Results of the 1917 Victorian state election (Legislative Assembly)
This is a list of electoral district results for the 1917 Victorian state election.

While the Nationalist party was split into the Ministerialist Peacock and Economy Bowser factions, statistical records show the Nationalist vote combined. The affiliation of each Nationalist candidate is present on the Candidates page.

Election was conducted in 65 single-member districts using First past the post where only two candidates were in the running and instant-runoff voting where more than two candidates were in the running.

1917 Victorian state election
The 1917 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Thursday 15 November 1917 for the state's Legislative Assembly. 51 of the 65 Legislative Assembly seats were contested.
AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey is a free and open-source custom scripting language for Microsoft Windows, primarily designed to provide easy keyboard shortcuts or hotkeys, fast macro-creation and software automation to allow users of most computer skill levels to automate repetitive tasks in any Windows application. It can easily extend or modify user interfaces (for example, overriding the default Windows control key commands with their Emacs equivalents). The installation package includes an extensive help file; web-based documentation is also available.

Keyboard shortcut
In computing, a keyboard shortcut (also hotkey/hot key or key binding) is a software-based assignment of an action to one or more keys on a computer keyboard. Most operating systems and applications come with a default set of keyboard shortcuts, some of which may be modified by the user in the settings.

Keyboard configuration software allows users to create and assign macros to key combinations which can perform more complex sequences of actions. Some older keyboards had a physical macro key specifically for this purpose.
Albano Sorbelli
Albano Sorbelli (Fanano, 2 May 1875 – Pavullo nel Frignano, 22 March 1944) was an Italian historian, bibliographer and librarian. He was the director of the Biblioteca Comunale of the Archiginnasio of Bologna from 1904 until 1943.

Archiginnasio of Bologna
The Archiginnasio of Bologna is one of the most important buildings in the city of Bologna; once the main building of the University of Bologna, it currently houses the Archiginnasio Municipal Library and the Anatomical Theatre.

In the heart of the palace is the university Chapel of Santa Maria dei Bulgari, a reflection of history.
2023 Islamabad United season
Islamabad United is a franchise cricket team that represents Islamabad in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). They were one of the six teams that competed in the 2023 PSL season. The team was coached by Azhar Mahmood, and captained by Shadab Khan.

2023 Pakistan Super League
The 2023 Pakistan Super League (referred to as HBL PSL 8 for sponsorship reasons) was the eighth season of the Pakistan Super League, a franchise Twenty20 cricket league which was established by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) in 2015. Then PCB chairman Ramiz Raja had hinted at an auction-based system to replace the draft for the 2023 season but a draft was retained. The draft for the tournament was held on 15 December in Karachi. A total of 36 foreign players were picked alongside local players. Lahore Qalandars were the defending champions.

The tournament was to be played between 13 February to 19 March 2023, However, on 16 March 2023, PCB moved forward the final by a day to 18 March 2023 due to bad weather forecast predicted in Lahore, with 19 and 20 March set as reserve days.

In the final, Lahore Qalandars defeated Multan Sultans by a minor margin of 1 run to become the first team in the PSL to defend their title.
Mandy Minella
Mandy Carla Minella (born 22 November 1985) is a Luxembourgish politician and former professional tennis player. Having made her debut on the WTA Tour in 2001, she peaked at No. 66 in the WTA singles rankings in September 2012, and No. 47 in doubles in April 2013.

Minella won two doubles tournaments on the WTA Tour, as well as one singles title and three doubles events of WTA 125 tournaments. She also won 16 singles and ten doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Minella was coached by Norbert Palmier from May 2008 until 2011, and later by Tim Sommer, her husband, from October 2014 until she retired.

After her retirement in 2022, she began a career in national politics, joining the Democratic Party and being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 2023.

WTA 125 tournaments
WTA 125 tournaments are an international series of professional women's tennis tournaments organized by the Women's Tennis Association since 2012.
Also called the WTA Challengers (analogous to the trademarked men's ATP Challenger Tour), the WTA 125 is the second highest level of women's competition, below the top-tier WTA Tour, and above the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments.

Players who succeed in the WTA 125 tournaments earn sufficient overall WTA ranking points to become eligible for the main draw or qualifying draw entry of WTA Tour tournaments. Results such as titles won at a WTA 125 event are separately counted from the same player's achievements at WTA Tour level tournaments. However match results from WTA 125 events are counted and added into WTA players' overall head-to-head win/loss statistics.
Cody Snyder
Cody Snyder (born 1962 or 1963) is a Canadian former professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding. He is currently a bull-riding event producer. In 1983, Snyder became the first Canadian to win the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) bull riding world championship. He holds the highest-scored bull ride in the Canadian Professional Rodeo Association (CPRA), scoring 95 points in 1983. He is an inductee of the Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame, Professional Bull Riders (PBR) Ring of Honor, Alberta Sports Hall of Fame and the Bull Riding Hall of Fame. Since his athletic retirement in 1993, Snyder has produced over 400 bull-riding events under his company Bullbustin' Inc. He has also appeared as a colour commentator for televised rodeo events including the Calgary Stampede.

Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame
The Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame (CPRHF) was founded in 1979 to honour and distinguish outstanding contestants, builders, and animals in the Canadian rodeo arena. Inductees are qualified by the Canadian Rodeo Historical Association.

The CPRHF, located at the Calnash Ag Events Centre in Ponoka, Alberta, displays artifacts of the history of professional rodeo in Canada. There are currently 203 inductees in the Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame since the 2019 inductees added eight new members.
New York Chapbook Fellowship
The Poetry Society of America's New York Chapbook Fellowship is awarded once a year to two New York poets under 30 years of age who have yet to publish a first book of poems. Two renowned poets select and introduce a winning manuscript for publication. Each winner receives an additional $1000 prize.

Poetry Society of America
The Poetry Society of America is a literary organization founded in 1910 by poets, editors, and artists. It is the oldest poetry organization in the United States. Past members of the society have included such renowned poets as Witter Bynner, Robert Frost, Langston Hughes, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Marianne Moore, and Wallace Stevens.