hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zapote Bobal
Zapote Bobal is the modern name for a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site located south of the San Pedro Martir river in the Petén department of Guatemala.  The name Zapote Bobal was coined by archaeologist Ian Graham, who discovered the site in the 1970s. It refers to the large number of Zapote Bobo (Pachira aquatica) trees, which grow near abundant sources of water in the Petén Basin.  The site languished in archaeological obscurity until 2003, when epigrapher David Stuart connected the archaeological site of Zapote Bobal with a name repeatedly mentioned in the inscriptions of sites like Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan.  That name was the toponym Hix Witz, or "Jaguar Hill" Scholars had recognized this name for over 20 years, and its connection to a real place prompted the creation of an archaeological project at Zapote Bobal in 2003, the Proyecto Peten Noroccidente (PNO). It is currently directed by James Fitzsimmons (Middlebury College) and Laura Gamez (University of Pittsburgh).

Piedras Negras (Maya site)
Piedras Negras is the modern name for an ancient, ruined city of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization located on the north bank of the Usumacinta River in the Petén department of northwestern Guatemala. The Mayan name for the city was Yo'k'ib' ([ˈjoʔkʼib]) or Yokib'. Piedras Negras was one of the most powerful of the Usumacinta ancient Maya urban centers. Occupation at Piedras Negras is known from the Late Preclassic period onward, based on dates retrieved from epigraphic information found on multiple stelae and altars at the site. Piedras Negras is a priceless archaeological site, known for its large sculptural output when compared to other ancient Maya sites. The wealth of sculpture, in conjunction with the precise chronological information associated with the lives of the settlement's elite, has allowed archaeologists to reconstruct the political history of the city's polity and its geopolitical footprint.
Hetland
Hetland is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The municipality existed from 1838 until 1965 when it was dissolved.  The municipality included the Stavanger Peninsula and the land surrounding both sides of the Gandsfjorden, but not the area around the head of the fjord.  It originally encompassed the land surrounding the city of Stavanger in the present-day municipalities of Randaberg and Stavanger (except the city of Stavanger) and part of the municipality of Sandnes.  The main church for Hetland was Hetland Church (now named "Frue Church"). Upon its dissolution in 1965, the 92-square-kilometre (36 sq mi) municipality had 24,173 residents.

Gandsfjord
Gandsfjorden or Gandafjorden is a fjord in Rogaland county, Norway. The 13-kilometre (8.1 mi) long Gandsfjorden is an arm off of the large Boknafjorden. It runs between the mainland and the Stavanger Peninsula in the western parts of the municipalities of Stavanger and Sandnes. The entire west and south side of the Gandsfjorden is highly developed and urban as this is the location of the cities of Stavanger and Sandnes, the third largest urban area in Norway. The east side of the fjord is far less developed and it has many mountains and peaks. In the outer parts of the fjord there are several islands including Uskjo, Hundvåg, Vassøy, and the Øyane islands of Stavanger.
Articulation of head of rib
The articulations of the heads of the ribs (or costocentral articulations) constitute a series of gliding or arthrodial joints, and are formed by the articulation of the heads of the typical ribs with the costal facets on the contiguous margins of the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and with the intervertebral discs between them; the first, tenth, eleventh and twelfth ribs each articulate with a single vertebra.

Two convex facets from the head attach to two adjacent vertebrae, at the inferior costal facet of the superior vertebra, and the superior costal facet of the inferior vertebra respectively. This forms the synovial planar (gliding) joint.

The ligaments of the joints are:

Intra-articular ligament of head of rib

Radiate ligament of head of rib

Plane joint
A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement.

Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces.  The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules. Based only on their shape, plane joints can allow multiple movements, including rotation. Thus plane joints can be functionally classified as multiaxial joints. Plane joints are numerous and are nearly always small, such as the acromioclavicular joint between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle. Typically, they are found in the wrists, ankles, the 2nd through 7th sternocostal joints, vertebral transverse and spinous processes.
Csaba Kőrösi
Csaba Kőrösi (Hungarian pronunciation: [tʃɒbɒ køːrøʃi]; born 1958) is a Hungarian diplomat who served as President of the 77th United Nations General Assembly. He was previously Director of Environmental Sustainability in the Office of the President of Hungary.

President of the United Nations General Assembly
The president of the United Nations General Assembly is a position voted by representatives in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on a yearly basis. The president is the chair and presiding officer of the General Assembly.
Anjwa-myeon
Anjwa-myeon (Korean: 안좌면; Hanja: 安佐面), is a myeon located in Shinan County, South Jeolla, South Korea. It has an area of 59.97 km2 and its population in March 2022 was 3,071. The myeon is composed of 63 islands, 10 inhabited and 53 uninhabited. Its largest island is Anjwa Island (안좌도; 安佐島 which comprises the majority of its land area. This island is also the largest island of Shinan County. Its northern coast is connected by a bridge to neighboring Palgeum-myeon, while to west of the island lies Bigeum-myeon. To the southwest of the myeon lies Haui-myeon, whilst Jangsan-myeon lies to its southeast.

Sinan County, South Jeolla
Sinan County (sometimes spelled Shinan) is a county in South Jeolla Province, South Korea. The county consists of 111 inhabited islands and 719 uninhabited islands. The number of islands in this county accounts for 25% of all islands in South Korea.

Big islands among them are Anjwado (45.2 km2), Aphaedo (44.3 km2), Bigeumdo (43.1 km2), Dochodo (40.3 km2), Imjado (43.2 km2), Amtaedo (38.7 km2), Jeungdo (37.2 km2), Jangsando (24.3 km2), Haui-do (16.1 km2), and Heuksando (19.7 km2). The sea area is a continental shelf with less than 15 meters in depth. Sinan County is known for its specialities of skate and cheonilyeom (천일염, a Korean type of sea salt).
Mohammed Tajo Othman
Mohammed Tajo Othmanis a Nigerian politician, academic, and a retired Assistant Comptroller-General of the Nigeria Customs Service. He is currently serving as the Commissioner for the Ministry for Local Government and Chieftancy Affairs, Kano State a position he has held since 2023. He was appointed by Abba Kabir Yusuf, the Executive Governor of Kano State, following the inauguration of the present administration.

Abba Kabir Yusuf
Abba Kabir Yusuf Listenⓘ
(born 5 January 1963) is a Nigerian politician who has served as governor of Kano State since May 2023. He served as commissioner for Works, Housing and Transport in the Kano State Executive Council from 2011 to 2015, during the administration of Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso. He decamped from the NNPP to APC in 2026, citing need for unity and delivering development to the people.
British Concession (Shanghai)
The British Concession or Settlement was a foreign enclave (a "concession") in Shanghai within the Qing Empire which existed from around 1845 until its unification with the American area, located directly north of it across Suzhou Creek to form the Shanghai International Settlement in 1863.

The settlement was bordered to the north by the right bank of Suzhou Creek at its confluence with the Huangpu River, to the east by the Huangpu itself, and to south by the former Yangjing Creek, now Yan'an Road, which would be the future boundary with the French Concession.

Shanghai French Concession
The Shanghai French Concession was a foreign concession in Shanghai, China from 1849 until 1943. For much of the 20th century, the area covered by the former French Concession remained the premier residential and retail district of Shanghai. It was also one of the centers of Catholicism in China. Despite re-development over the last few decades, the area retains a distinct character and is a popular tourist destination.
Ewhurst, Surrey
Ewhurst /ˈjuːhɜːrst/ is a rural village and civil parish in the borough of Waverley in Surrey, England. It is located 8.3 miles (13.4 km) south-east of Guildford, 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Cranleigh, and 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Shere.

The parish includes the smaller hamlets of Ellen's Green and Cox Green near the border with West Sussex. At the north is Hurt Wood, a part of the Surrey Hills AONB. The Greensand Ridge also passes through this area. The rest of the parish, apart from Ewhurst village itself, is classified as an Area of Great Landscape Value (AGLV).

Shere
Shere is a village in the Guildford district of Surrey, England 4.8 miles (7.7 km) east south-east of Guildford and 5.4 miles (8.7 km) west of Dorking, centrally bypassed by the A25. Located on the River Tillingbourne it is a small still partly agricultural village chiefly set in the wooded Vale of Holmesdale between the North Downs and Greensand Ridge. As of 2011 the village had a population of 1,032.

The village gives its name to the larger civil parish of Shere, extending to the east and south into hamlets founded in the early Middle Ages which officially, in the 19th century, were consolidated into three villages; Gomshall, Holmbury St. Mary and Peaslake. This larger entity has a total population of 3,359 and area of 24.5 square kilometres (9.5 sq mi) (as at the 2011 census).
Faganeanea
Fagane’ane’a is a small village located in Itūʻau County in the Eastern District, American Samoa. It lies adjacent to the villages of Vasaaiga and Matu‘u, featuring a rocky shoreline and a scenic backdrop of steep mountains. A small coral channel near the village is known for choppy waters during high tide, while the Avau stream flows along its eastern boundary. The village is part of a picturesque landscape combining coastal beauty with rugged terrain.

Faganeanea is a hamlet of the village community of Nuʻuuli.

Matuʻu, American Samoa
Matuʻu, meaning heron or reef heron in Samoan, is a village located in the Eastern District of American Samoa, approximately 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles) northeast of the capital, Pago Pago. Nicknamed "Yellow Town," Matuʻu is renowned for its unique tradition of adorning the entire village with soft yellow lights during the Christmas season.
Norman Garstin
Norman Garstin (28 August 1847 – 22 June 1926) was an Irish artist, teacher, art critic and journalist associated with the Newlyn School of painters. After completing his studies in Antwerp and Paris, Garstin travelled around Europe and painted some of his first professional paintings while on the journey. He later took students to Europe to some of his favourite places.

Garstin painted plein air and was influenced by Impressionism, Japanese works and James McNeill Whistler. Some of his works are at Tate and Penlee House. Garstin was a founding member of the Newlyn Art Gallery. His daughter, Alethea, was also a Newlyn School artist.

Newlyn School
The Newlyn School was an art colony of artists based in or near Newlyn, a fishing village adjacent to Penzance, on the south coast of Cornwall, from the 1880s until the early twentieth century.  The establishment of the Newlyn School was reminiscent of the Barbizon School in France, where artists fled Paris to paint in a more pure setting emphasising natural light.  These schools along with a related California movement were also known as En plein air.
Flushing hydrant
A flushing hydrant is a hydrant that is used for flushing a water line of silt, rust, debris, or stagnant water. Many water utilities use standard fire hydrants for flushing their lines. Specialized flushing hydrants are often smaller and less expensive than a fire hydrant to reduce cost where fire fighting use is not needed or practical. Many flushing hydrants are "unidirectional": they only have one outlet, in contrast to fire hydrants, which normally have two or three.

Flushing hydrants are commonly installed at the end of dead-end water lines.

Fire hydrant
A fire hydrant, fireplug, firecock (archaic), hydrant riser or Johnny Pump is a connection point by which firefighters can tap into a water supply. It is a component of active fire protection. Underground fire hydrants have been used in Europe and Asia since at least the 18th century. Above-ground pillar-type hydrants are a 19th-century invention.
Branisella
Branisella is an extinct genus of New World monkey from the Salla Formation of what is now Bolivia during the Late Oligocene, approximately 26 million years ago (Deseadan), comprising only the species Branisella boliviana. Together with the Peruvian genus Canaanimico, it is the oldest fossil New World monkey discovered.

New World monkey
New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea (/səˈbɔɪdi.ə/), the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini (/plætɪˈraɪnaɪ/).

Platyrrhini is derived from the Greek for "broad nosed", and their noses are flatter than those of other simians, with sideways-facing nostrils. Monkeys in the family Atelidae, such as the spider monkey, are the only primates to have prehensile tails. New World monkeys' closest relatives are the other simians, the Catarrhini ("down-nosed"), comprising Old World monkeys and apes. New World monkeys descend from African simians that colonized South America, a line that split off about 40 million years ago.
Agioi Theodoroi railway station
Agioi Theodoroi railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Αγίων Θεοδώρων, romanized: Sidirodromikós Stathmós Agíon Theodóron) is a train station in Agioi Theodoroi, Corinthia, Greece. It was opened on 27 September 2005 as part of the extension of the Athens Airport–Patras railway to Corinth. The station is served by the Athens Suburban Railway between Piraeus and Kiato.

Corinth railway station
Corinth railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Κορίνθου, romanized: Sidirodromikós Stathmós Korínthou) is a station in Corinth in the northern Peloponnese, Greece. It was opened on 27 September 2005, replacing an older station near the harbour. The new station is located 2.9 kilometres (1.8 mi) from the town centre on the outskirts of the city, near Examilia near the A8 motorway between Athens and Patras. The station is served by the Athens Suburban Railway between Piraeus and Kiato. It should not be confused with the now-closed station Corinth railway station, which is located northeast of the current station, closer to the coast of the Corinthian Gulf.
Bjørn Klakegg
Bjørn Klakegg (born 30 January 1958) is a Norwegian jazz musician (guitar) and composer, known from a number of recordings and cooperations with the likes of Nils Petter Molvær, Sverre Gjørvad, Ernst-Wiggo Sandbakk, Frode Alnæs, Knut Værnes, Knut Reiersrud, Hanne Hukkelberg, Tove Karoline Knutsen, Terje Gewelt and Tore Brunborg.

Tore Brunborg
Tore Brunborg (born 20 May 1960) is a Norwegian jazz musician and composer who plays saxophone. He was born in Trondheim but grew up in Voss where a jazz environment was flowering. Known from numerous appearances with international greats including Bugge Wesseltoft, Håvard Wiik, Audun Kleive, Anders Jormin, Diederik Wissels, Arild Andersen, Pat Metheny, Per Jørgensen, Geir Lysne, Misha Alperin, Bjørn Alterhaug, Jan Gunnar Hoff, Jarle Vespestad, Jon Christensen, Jon Balke, Nils Petter Molvær, Vigleik Storaas, Bo Stief, and Billy Cobham.
Copplestone railway station
Copplestone railway station is on the Tarka Line serving the village of Copplestone in Devon, England. It is on the Tarka Line to Barnstaple, 14 miles 37 chains (23.3 km) from Exeter Central at milepost 185.75 from London Waterloo. The station and trains are operated by Great Western Railway.

Exeter Central railway station
Exeter Central railway station is the most central of the stations in the city of Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom. It is 171 miles 30 chains (275.8 km) down the line from London Waterloo. The station is smaller than Exeter St Davids on the west side of the city. Great Western Railway manages the station and operates most services, with South Western Railway providing the rest. With 2.783 million entries and exits from 2023-2024, it has overtaken Exeter St Davids as the busiest station in Devon.

From 1860, when it was opened by the London and South Western Railway, until 1933, when it was rebuilt, it was known as Exeter Queen Street.
Colorado State Highway 172
State Highway 172 (SH 172) is a 24.5 mi (39.4 km) long state highway in southwestern Colorado. SH 172's southern terminus is at New Mexico State Road 511 (NM 511) at the New Mexico state line, and the northern terminus is at U.S. Route 160 (US 160) southeast of Durango.

U.S. Route 160 in Colorado
U.S. Route 160 (US 160) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from Tuba City, Arizona, to Poplar Bluff, Missouri. In the state of Colorado, US 160 starts at the New Mexico state line southwest of Cortez and ends at the Kansas state line east of Springfield.
Mo (Chinese zoology)
Mo (Chinese: 貘) was the Chinese name for the giant panda from the 3rd century BCE to the 19th century CE. In 1824, the French sinologist Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat misidentified the mò as the black-and-white Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus). Chinese woodblocks depict the mò (貘) as having an elephant trunk, rhinoceros eyes, cow tail and tiger paws, following the description of 9th-century Tang poet Bai/Bo Juyi. Abel-Rémusat's interpretation was adopted in Western zoology, and later accepted as modern scientific fact in China and Japan. In the 20th century, since mò had lost its original meaning, the giant panda was given a new Chinese name da xiongmao (大熊貓; 'large bear cat').

Malayan tapir
The Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), also called Asian tapir, Asiatic tapir, oriental tapir, Indian tapir, piebald tapir, or black-and-white tapir, is the only living tapir species outside of the Americas. It is native to Southeast Asia from the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra. It has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008, as the population is estimated to comprise fewer than 2,500 mature individuals.
James E. Rogan
James Edward Rogan (born August 21, 1957) is an American judge of the Superior Court of California, adjunct law professor, author and former Member of the United States House of Representatives from California. He also formerly served as United States Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property, Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, California State Assembly Majority Leader, a judge of the California Municipal Court, a gang murder prosecutor with the Los Angeles County District Attorney's office and a civil litigator in private law practice. In January 2007, President George W. Bush nominated Rogan to be a federal judge for the United States District Court for the Central District of California, but the Senate failed to act on the nomination before the expiration of Bush's term in office.

Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property
The under secretary of commerce for intellectual property, or USC(IP), is a senior official in the United States Department of Commerce and the principal advisor to the United States Secretary of Commerce on the intellectual property matters. In tandem, the under secretary  is also the Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office within the Commerce Department, filling dual roles.

The under secretary is appointed by the president of the United States, with the consent of the United States Senate, to serve at the pleasure of the President.
Maria Cibrario
Elisa Maria Eugenia Cibrario Cinquini (6 September 1905 – 16 May 1992) was an Italian mathematician specializing in partial differential equations and known for her research in association with Guido Fubini, Giuseppe Peano, and Francesco Tricomi.

Giuseppe Peano
Giuseppe Peano (/piˈɑːnoʊ/; Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe peˈaːno]; 27 August 1858 – 20 April 1932) was an Italian mathematician and glottologist. The author of over 200 books and papers, he was a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, to which he contributed much notation, for instance, notations of set operations. The standard axiomatization of the natural numbers is named the Peano axioms in his honor. As part of this effort, he made key contributions to the modern rigorous and systematic treatment of the method of mathematical induction. He spent most of his career teaching mathematics at the University of Turin. He also created an international auxiliary language, Latino sine flexione ("Latin without inflections"), which is a simplified version of Classical Latin. Most of his books and papers are in Latino sine flexione, while others are in Italian.
Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897 gun carriage
The Peigné-Canet-Schneider mle 1897 gun carriage was a railway gun carriage designed and built during the late 1800s.  Two types of guns were mounted on these carriages and both the French Army and US Army used them during World War I.  They were retired soon after World War I.

Railway gun
A railway gun, also called a railroad gun, is a large artillery piece, often surplus naval artillery, mounted on, transported by, and fired from a specially designed railway wagon. Many countries have built railway guns, but the best-known are the large Krupp-built pieces used by Germany in World War I and World War II. Smaller guns were often part of an armoured train.  They were only able to be moved where there were good tracks, which could be destroyed by artillery bombardment or airstrike. Railway guns were phased out after World War II.
Mistral-class cruise ship
The Mistral class is a class of cruise ships, now owned and operated by MSC Cruises and Ambassador Cruise Line. There are currently five active Mistral-class cruise ships, the lead vessel, Ambition (1999 as Mistral), MSC Armonia (2001 as European Vision), MSC Sinfonia (2002 as European Stars), MSC Lirica (2002) and MSC Opera (2003).

MSC Sinfonia
MSC Sinfonia is a cruise ship owned and operated by the Italy-based MSC Cruises. She was built in 2002 by Chantiers de l'Atlantique in Saint-Nazaire, France for the now-defunct Festival Cruises as MS European Stars. She was the last ship built for Festival Cruises.
2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the second and final stage of the competition, following the group stage. Played from 18 to 26 July, the knockout stage ended with the final, held at Giants Stadium in East Rutherford. The top two teams from each group, along with the two best-placed third teams, advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination tournament. There were 7 matches in the knockout stage.

2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the tenth edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup competition, and the twentieth soccer championship of North America, Central America and the Caribbean (CONCACAF). It was played from July 3 to 26, 2009 in the United States. This competition was the fourth tournament without guests from other confederations. Mexico won their fifth Gold Cup, and eighth CONCACAF Championship overall, after beating the United States 5–0 in the final. It was the second consecutive Gold Cup final and fourth overall to feature Mexico and the United States and the third won by Mexico.