hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jane Freedman
Jane Freedman (born 21 September 1968 in London) is a British–French sociologist and international relations scholar. She is known for her research on issues relating to gender, violence, conflict and migration, including sexual and gender-based violence in armed conflicts and against migrants and refugees. Her research has focused e.g. on violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the refugees of the Syrian Civil War. She "examines women's experiences of forced migration, the insecurities they face and the obstacles that exist to providing full protection of women."

She held the Marie Curie Chair of Politics and International Relations at the Pantheon-Sorbonne University from 2006 to 2009 and then became Professor of Politics at the Paris 8 University. She is affiliated with the Centre de recherches sociologiques et politiques de Paris, a joint centre of the CNRS and the Paris 8 University. She has also served as an expert to several United Nations agencies.

International migration
International migration occurs when people cross state boundaries and reside outside their country of nationality or birth. This encompasses individuals moving both permanently and temporarily, regardless of their legal status. Migration occurs for many reasons. Many people leave their home countries in order to look for economic opportunities in another country. Others migrate to be with family members who have migrated previously or because of political conditions in their countries. Education is another reason for international migration, as students pursue their studies abroad, although this migration is sometimes temporary, with a return to the home country after the studies are completed.

International migration is generally contrasted with internal migration.
FinTS
FinTS (Financial Transaction Services), formerly known as HBCI (Home Banking Computer Interface), is a bank-independent protocol for online banking, developed and used by German banks.

HBCI was originally designed by Germany's three banking "pillar" networks, namely the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, German Cooperative Financial Group, and Association of German Banks. The result of this effort was an open protocol specification, which is publicly available. The standardisation effort was necessary to replace the huge number of deprecated homemade software clients and servers (some of them still using BTX emulation).
While IFX (Interactive Financial Exchange), OFX (Open Financial Exchange) and SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) are tailored for the North American market, HBCI is designed to meet the requirements of the European market.

The FinTS-specification is publicly available on a website run by the ZKA (Central Credit Committee).

Transaction authentication number
A transaction authentication number (TAN) is used by some online banking services as a form of single use one-time passwords (OTPs) to authorize financial transactions.  TANs are a second layer of security above and beyond the traditional single-password authentication.

TANs provide additional security because they act as a form of two-factor authentication (2FA). If the physical document or token containing the TANs is stolen, it will be useless without the password. Conversely, if the login data are obtained, no transactions can be performed without a valid TAN.
Fuerteventura (Senate constituency)
Fuerteventura is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects one senator. Its boundaries correspond to those of the island of Fuerteventura. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties.

Limited voting
Limited voting (also known as partial block voting) is a voting system in which electors have fewer votes than there are positions available. The positions are awarded to the candidates who receive the most votes.  In the special case in which the voter may vote for only one candidate and there are two or more posts, this system is called the single non-transferable vote or sometimes the strictly limited vote.
Miyoshi clan
Miyoshi clan (三好氏, Miyoshi-shi) is a Japanese family descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and the Minamoto clan (Seiwa-Genji). They are a cadet branch of the Ogasawara clan and the Takeda clan.

At the beginning of the 14th century AD, Ogasawara Nagafusa settled in Shikoku. His eighth generation descendant Yoshinaga settled in the district of Miyoshi (Awa province) and took the name of the place. They were vassals of the Hosokawa clan, then powerful in Shikoku.

During the Sengoku period, they controlled several provinces, including Settsu and Awa. Though they would fade from prominence, the Ogasawara, a clan closely related to them, would continue as a major political force throughout the Edo period.

Among the retainers to the clan were Matsunaga Danjo Hisahide and his son Hisamichi from the Matsunaga clan during the Sengoku period.

Hosokawa clan
The Hosokawa clan (細川氏, Hosokawa-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ho.so.ka.wa(ꜜ.ɕi), -soꜜ.ka.wa(.ɕi)]) is a Japanese samurai kin group or clan. The clan descends from the Seiwa Genji, a branch of the Minamoto clan, and ultimately from Emperor Seiwa, through the Ashikaga clan. It produced many prominent officials in the Ashikaga shogunate's administration. In the Edo period, the clan was one of the largest landholding daimyo families in Japan. The current clan head Morihiro Hosokawa served as Prime Minister of Japan.
Claude François Ferey
Claude François Ferey, baron de Rozengath (21 September 1771 – 24 July 1812) was a French Army officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. During the War of the First Coalition, he fought in the siege of Mainz and the War in the Vendée. After being promoted to command an infantry regiment, he led his unit at the battles of Neuwied, Montebello, and Marengo.

Ferey led a French brigade at Austerlitz during the War of the Third Coalition and Jena, Lübeck, Bergfried, Eylau, Lomitten, and Heilsberg during the War of the Fourth Coalition. While fighting in the Peninsular War, he led a brigade at Bussaco and a division at Fuentes de Oñoro and Salamanca. At the end of the latter battle, his division delayed the victorious Anglo-Portuguese forces while the rest of the French army withdrew; Ferey was killed by a round shot during the engagement. His surname is one of the Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 38.

Battle of Neuwied (1797)
The Battle of Neuwied (18 April 1797) saw Lazare Hoche lead part of the French Army of Sambre-et-Meuse against Franz von Werneck's Austrian army. The French attack surprised their enemies and broke through their lines. Aside from 1,000 men killed and wounded, Austrian losses included at least 3,000 prisoners, 24 artillery pieces, 60 vehicles, and five colors. For their part, the French lost 2,000 men killed, wounded, and captured. The losses were in vain because Napoleon Bonaparte signed the Preliminaries of Leoben with Austria the same day. The armistice halted the fighting so that both sides could negotiate a peace. The action occurred during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.
Soubise (The Bear)
"Soubise" is the second episode of the fourth season of the American comedy-drama television series The Bear. It is the 30th overall episode of the series and was written by Catherine Schetina and directed by series creator Christopher Storer and Duccio Fabbri. It was released on Hulu on June 25, 2025, along with the rest of the season.

The series follows Carmy Berzatto (Jeremy Allen White), an award-winning New York City chef de cuisine, who returns to his hometown of Chicago to run his late brother Michael's failing Italian beef sandwich shop. With the financial backing of his uncle Jimmy (Oliver Platt) and help from his cousin Richie (Ebon Moss-Bachrach), sister Sugar (Abby Elliott), and chef Sydney (Ayo Edebiri), Carmy attempts to remodel the dingy Beef into a warm and hospitable fine-dining destination called the Bear.

The Bear season 4
The fourth season of the American comedy-drama television series The Bear premiered with all 10 episodes on June 25, 2025, on FX on Hulu. Christopher Storer and Joanna Calo return as showrunners for the season. Jeremy Allen White reprises his role as Carmy Berzatto, an award-winning chef who returns to his hometown of Chicago to manage the chaotic kitchen at his deceased brother's sandwich shop.

Ebon Moss-Bachrach, Ayo Edebiri, Lionel Boyce, Liza Colón-Zayas, Abby Elliott, Matty Matheson, and Edwin Lee Gibson return from the previous season as the supporting cast. In March 2024, FX renewed The Bear for a fourth season, which began filming with the third season in February 2024, and was completed in early 2025. The season premiered to positive reviews from critics, though reception was more muted than prior seasons.
Yang Jian (footballer)
Yang Jian (simplified Chinese: 杨健; traditional Chinese: 楊健; pinyin: Yáng Jiàn; born 4 October 1988, in Shenyang) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for China League One side Liaoning Tieren as a defensive midfielder.

Liaoning Tieren F.C.
Liaoning Tieren Football Club (Chinese: 辽宁铁人足球俱乐部; pinyin: Liáoníng Tiěrén Zúqiú Jùlèbù; lit. 'Liaoning Iron Men F.C.'), currently known as Liaoning Tieren Rural Commercial Bank (Chinese: 辽宁铁人农商银行) for sponsorship reasons, is a Chinese professional football club based in Shenyang, Liaoning, that competes in the Chinese Super League, the top tier of Chinese football. Liaoning Tieren plays its home matches at the Tiexi Stadium, located within Tiexi District.
Agustín Loser
Agustín Loser (born 12 October 1997) is an Argentine professional volleyball player who plays as a middle blocker for Sir Safety Perugia and the Argentina national team. He won a bronze medal in the men's tournament at the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020.

Umbria Volley Perugia
Umbria Volley Perugia, known as Sir Safety Umbria Volley Perugia due to sponsorship from Sir Safety System, is a professional Italian volleyball club based in Perugia. It plays in the highest level of the Italian Volleyball League. In the Italian Volleyball League, the team is known as Sir Safety Susa Perugia, while in the international competitions the official name is Sir Sicoma Monini Perugia. They laureated world champions three times in the history, including last time at 2025 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship.
Atmosphères
Atmosphères is a piece for orchestra, composed by György Ligeti in 1961. It is noted for eschewing conventional melody and metre in favor of dense sound textures. After Apparitions, it was the second piece Ligeti wrote to exploit what he called a "micropolyphonic" texture. It gained further exposure after being used in Stanley Kubrick's film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
William Kovacic
William Evan Kovacic (born 1952) is an American legal scholar who was a commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) from 2006 to 2011, including as its chairman from 2008 to 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party. Kovacic is known for his studies of antitrust law. He is a professor at George Washington University Law School, where he serves as director of their Competition Law Center.

George Washington University Law School
The George Washington University Law School (GW Law) is the law school of George Washington University, a private research university in Washington, D.C. Established in 1865, GW Law is the oldest law school in Washington, D.C.

GW Law has an alumni network that includes notable people within the fields of law and government, including the former U.S. Attorney General, the former U.S. Secretary of the Interior, foreign heads of state, judges of the International Court of Justice, ministers of foreign affairs, a Director-General of the World Intellectual Property Organization, a Director of the CIA, members of U.S. Congress, U.S. State Governors, four Directors of the FBI, and numerous Federal judges.
Chökyi Drönma
Chökyi Drönma (Tibetan: ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྒྲོན་མེ, Wylie: chos-kyi sgron-me, 1422-1455) was a Tibetan princess and Buddhist leader. She was the main consort of Thang Tong Gyalpo, who recognized her as an emanation of Machig Labdrön through the lineage of Vajravārāhī and appointed her as the first Samding Dorje Phagmo.

Karmamudrā
Karmamudrā (Sanskrit; "action seal," Tibetan: las-kyi phyag-rgya; commonly misspelled as: kāmamudrā or "desire seal") is a Vajrayana Buddhist technique which makes use of sexual union with a physical or visualized consort as well as the practice of inner heat (tummo) to achieve a non-dual state of bliss and insight into emptiness. In Tibetan Buddhism, proficiency in inner heat yoga is generally seen as a prerequisite to the practice of karmamudrā.

Karmamudrā also specifically refers to the female yogini who engages in such a practice. When the partner is a visualised one (i.e. imagined by a single yogi in Tibetan tantric practice), it is known as a jñanamudra ("wisdom seal").
Andreea Cacovean
Andreea Cacovean (born 15 September 1978) is a former Romanian artistic gymnast who competed between 1991 and 1996. She is the 1995 World Champion with the team and the 1993 World bronze medalist on uneven bars. She also won a gold medal with the Romanian team at the 1996 European Championships.

1993 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 1993 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Birmingham, Great Britain. There was no team competition at this meet; gymnasts competed in the all-around and event finals only.

The opening ceremony took place on 12 April at the National Indoor Arena, and the competition took place from 13–18 April at the National Exhibition Centre. Fifty-seven nations participated, more than at any previous edition of the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. The member states of the Soviet Union competed under their own flags for the first time.

This was the first world championships to allow only 24 gymnasts in the all-around final, with 2 gymnasts per nation instead of 3. This format returned at the 2003 World Championships and has remained ever since.
2016–17 Hyderabad C.A. season
The 2016–17 season is Hyderabad cricket team's 83rd competitive season. The Hyderabad cricket team and Hyderabad women's cricket team are senior men's and women's domestic cricket teams based in the city of Hyderabad, India, run by the Hyderabad Cricket Association. They represent the state of Telangana in domestic competitions.

Hyderabad Cricket Association
Hyderabad Cricket Association is the governing body of cricket activities in Hyderabad and other districts in the state of Telangana in India and the Hyderabad cricket team. It is an affiliated member of the Board of Control for Cricket in India. The association was founded in 1934 and has been affiliated to the BCCI ever since.

The HCA operates the Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium in Hyderabad, which hosts International level Test, ODI and T20 cricket matches.
ESPN Zone
ESPN Zone was a theme restaurant and entertainment center chain in the United States that included arcades, TV studios, and radio studios, operated by the Disney Regional Entertainment subsidiary of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts using the Disney-owned ESPN brand. ESPN Zone was founded by Art Levitt on July 11, 1998 and became defunct on June 2, 2018. While the ESPN Zone name is no longer used, the similar ESPN Grill at ESPN Wide World of Sports is located within the Walt Disney World complex in Bay Lake, Florida with counter service and light theming. ESPN Club at Disney's BoardWalk Resort closed in 2022.

Disney's BoardWalk Resort
Disney's BoardWalk is a hotel and entertainment complex at the Walt Disney World resort in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando. First opened in 1996, the BoardWalk Resort is located in the Epcot Resort Area, alongside Crescent Lake, between Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios. The resort is owned and operated by Disney Experiences. The Inn and the villas share a common lobby with the rest of the resort. The Inn, Atlantic Dance Hall, and other features of the boardwalk were designed by Robert A.M. Stern Architects.
Wolfgang von Graben
Wolfgang von Graben, also Wolfgang de Groben (de Gröben) and Wolfgang Grabenski (died 11 December 1521) was born in Kornberg castle, Styria and a member of the Austrian nobility. He held the titles as a Lord of Graben,  Kornberg, the Lordship Marburg with Obermarburg and Maribor Castle, Radkersburg, Neudenstein, Weinberg and Burggrave (Viscount) of Saldenhofen.

Together with his son Peter, he went to Holland in the entourage of Archduke Maximilian I of Austria, where his son became the progenitor of the dutch (De) Graeff family. Later, Wolfgang von Graben also acted as a major captain of Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich III of Austria and as an advisor to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I of Austria.

Burgrave
Burgrave, also rendered as burggrave (from German: Burggraf [ˈbʊʁkˌɡʁaːf] ⓘ, Latin: burgravius, burggravius, burcgravius, burgicomes, also praefectus), was since the medieval period in Europe (mainly Germany) the official title for the ruler of a castle, especially a royal or episcopal castle, and its territory called a Burgraviate or Burgravate (German Burggrafschaft also Burggrafthum, Latin praefectura).

The burgrave was a "count" in rank (German Graf, Latin comes) equipped with judicial powers, under the direct authority of the emperor or king, or of a territorial imperial state—a prince-bishop or territorial lord. The responsibilities were administrative, military and jurisdictional.

In time the position came to be a purely administrative position held by middle or high ranking civil servants.

A burgrave, who ruled over a substantially large territory, might also have possessed the regality of coinage, and could mint his own regional coins (see silver bracteates).
Grand Slam of Ultrarunning
The Grand Slam of Ultrarunning is a set of four of the five most prestigious and oldest 100-mile races contested in the United States, comprising the Old Dominion 100 Mile Endurance Run in Virginia, the Western States 100 in California, the Vermont 100 Mile Endurance Run in Vermont, the Leadville Trail 100 in Colorado, and the Wasatch Front 100 Mile Endurance Run in Utah. A small number of people manage to complete four in one calendar year.

Wasatch Front 100 Mile Endurance Run
The Wasatch Front 100 Mile Endurance Run (Wasatch) is a 100 mile ultramarathon held annually on the first Friday after Labor Day in the Wasatch Front mountain range of Utah. The slogan of the Wasatch Run is "One Hundred Miles of Heaven and Hell", and it is known for its challenging terrain.
Suffolk Traction Company
The Suffolk Traction Company is a former streetcar system in Suffolk County, New York. It operated primarily between Patchogue and Holtsville, but also included a route that served Blue Point, Bayport, and Sayville. It was opened in 1909 and ceased operations in 1919.

Patchogue, New York
Patchogue (/ˈpætʃɒɡ/ PATCH-og) is a village located within the Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 12,408 at the time of the 2020 census.

The Incorporated Village of Patchogue is located approximately 60 miles (100 km) east of Manhattan, along the shore of Patchogue Bay – itself part of the Great South Bay.
José Galisteo
José Antonio Galisteo García (born 24 February 1977 in Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish singer. He was a contestant in the fifth season of the Spanish reality television series Operación Triunfo, where he placed finalist. He has since gone on to record a 2007 best-selling disc, Remember and a follow-up album in 2009 called Luces y Sombras, Wish (2013) and "I Believe in You" (2014)

Operación Triunfo series 5
Operación Triunfo is a Spanish reality television music competition to find new singing talent. The fifth series, also known as Operación Triunfo 2006, aired on Telecinco from 8 October 2006 to 26 January 2007, presented by Jesús Vázquez.

Lorena Gómez was the winner of the series.
Lilly King
Lillia Camille King (born February 10, 1997) is an American former competitive swimmer who specialized in breaststroke. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she won the gold medal in the 100-meter breaststroke competition and also won a gold medal in the 4x100 meter medley relay, in which she swam the breaststroke leg. At the 2020 Summer Olympics, King won a silver medal in the 4x100 meter medley relay for her efforts in the prelims, the silver medal in the 200-meter breaststroke, and the bronze medal in the 100-meter breaststroke. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, she won a gold medal in the 4x100 meter medley relay, where she swam the breaststroke leg.  She is the current world record holder in the long course 100-meter breaststroke.

King retired from competitive swimming after the 2025 World Aquatics Championships in Singapore.

World record progression 100 metres breaststroke
This is a listing of the history of the World Record in the 100 breaststroke swimming event.

The first world record in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognized by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1961, while the women's world record times were officially acknowledged in 1958. In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body has recognized world records since 3 March 1991.
Noah Bowlus
Noah Bowlus (1830 – August 9, 1904) was an American politician from Maryland. He represented Frederick County in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1868 to 1872 and in the Maryland Senate from 1884 to 1888.

Frederick County, Maryland
Frederick County is located in Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 271,717. The county seat is Frederick. The county is part of the Capital region of the state.

Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area, Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase since the 1980s. It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia.

Catoctin Mountain Park in the county is the location of Camp David, a U.S. presidential retreat, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army base.
William B. Sheldon
William Billings Sheldon (1805 – October 20, 1847) was an American lawyer and Wisconsin pioneer. He was an early settler of Janesville, Wisconsin, and served in the Legislature of the Wisconsin Territory.  He was Speaker of the Assembly during the Special Session of the 1st Legislature.

Janesville, Wisconsin
Janesville is a city in and the county seat of Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 65,615 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 66,428 in 2024, making it the tenth-most populous city in Wisconsin. The Janesville–Beloit Metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Rock County, has an estimated 165,461 residents in the 2024 estimate. It is located along the Rock River in southern Wisconsin.