hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ArXiv
arXiv (pronounced as "archive"—the X represents the Greek letter chi ⟨χ⟩) is an open-access repository of electronic preprints and postprints (known as e-prints) approved for posting after moderation, but not peer reviewed. It consists of scientific papers in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, electrical engineering, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics, mathematical finance, and economics, which can be accessed online. In many fields of mathematics and physics, almost all scientific papers are self-archived on the arXiv repository before publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Some publishers also grant permission for authors to archive the peer-reviewed postprint. Begun on August 14, 1991, arXiv.org passed the half-million-article milestone on October 3, 2008. By the end of 2014, it had surpassed one million articles, and it reached two million by the end of 2021. As of November 2024, the submission rate is about 24,000 articles per month.

Eprint
In academic publishing, an eprint or e-print is a digital version of a research document (usually a journal article, but could also be a thesis, conference paper, book chapter, or a book) that is accessible online, usually as green open access, whether from a local institutional or 
a central digital repository.

When applied to journal articles, the term "eprints" covers both preprints (before peer review) and postprints (after peer review).

Digital versions of materials other than research documents are not usually called e-prints, but some other name, such as e-books.
Charles Rosher
Charles G. Rosher, A.S.C. (17 November 1885 – 15 January 1974) was an English-born cinematographer who worked from the early days of silent films through the 1950s.

He was Mary Pickford's favourite cinematographer and a personal friend, shooting all of the films in which she starred from 1918 to 1927, before they had a falling-out during production of Coquette (1929). He was the first cinematographer to receive an Academy Award, along with Karl Struss, for Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), and won again for The Yearling (1946), with Leonard Smith and Arthur Arling. He was also nominated four times.

American Society of Cinematographers
The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC), founded in Hollywood in 1919, is a cultural, educational, and professional organization that is neither a labor union nor a guild. The society was organized to advance the science and art of cinematography and gather a wide range of cinematographers to discuss techniques and ideas and to advocate for motion pictures as a type of art form. Currently, the president of the ASC is Mandy Walker.

Members use the post-nominal letters "ASC". On the 1920 film titled Sand!, cinematographer Joseph H. August, who was an original member of the ASC, became the first individual to have the "ASC" appear after his name on the onscreen credit.

Only cinematographers and special effect supervisors can become ASC members. Basic requirements include being a director of photography for a minimum five out of the last eight years, having a high professional reputation and being recommended by three active or retired ASC members.
Savannah River Plant
The Savannah River Plant (SRP) facilities were built in the 1950s to produce materials used in the fabrication of nuclear weapons, primarily tritium and plutonium-239, by irradiating target materials with neutrons in nuclear reactor. Five heavy water reactors were built on the site. Other facilities at the plant included two chemical separation plants, a heavy water extraction plant, a nuclear fuel and target fabrication facility and waste management facilities. Production of nuclear materials for military use ceased in 1988.

Plutonium-239
Plutonium-239 (239Pu or Pu-239) is an isotope of plutonium. Plutonium-239 is the primary fissile isotope used for the production of nuclear weapons, although uranium-235 is also used for that purpose. Plutonium-239 is also one of the three isotopes that have been demonstrated to be usable as fuel in thermal spectrum nuclear reactors, along with uranium-235 and uranium-233. Plutonium-239 has a half-life of 24,110 years.
Bochner space
In mathematics, Bochner spaces are a generalization of the concept of  spaces to functions whose values lie in a Banach space which is not necessarily the space  or  of real or complex numbers.

The space  consists of (equivalence classes of) all Bochner measurable functions  with values in the Banach space  whose norm  lies in the standard  space. Thus, if  is the set of complex numbers, it is the standard Lebesgue  space.

Almost all standard results on  spaces do hold on Bochner spaces too; in particular, the Bochner spaces  are Banach spaces for

Bochner spaces are named for the mathematician Salomon Bochner.

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.
Rhondda Transport Company
The Rhondda Tramways Company was incorporated on 14 April 1906 as a subsidiary of the National Electric Construction Company.  The NECC was acquired, with all its subsidiary businesses, by British Electric Traction Company (BET) in 1931 In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the BET was a major operator of tramways in the UK, and later became one of the biggest operators of motor buses in the UK.

British Electric Traction
British Electric Traction Company Limited, renamed BET plc in 1985, was a large British industrial conglomerate.  It was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but was acquired by Rentokil in 1996, and the merged company is now known as Rentokil Initial.
University of North Bengal
The University of North Bengal (also North Bengal University, abbreviated as NBU) is a public state university in the North Bengal region of West Bengal, India. Its main campus is located in Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri, Darjeeling district, in the Indian state of West Bengal. Its second campus is located in Danguajhar, Jalpaiguri in Jalpaiguri district and the third campus is located in Salt Lake, Kolkata. The university was established in 1962 by the Government of West Bengal. North Bengal University offers degrees in undergraduate, post-graduate, doctoral and post-doctoral programmes. It is accredited by NAAC with B++ grade.

Bidhannagar
Bidhannagar, also known as Salt Lake City, is a city and a municipal corporation of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Bidhannagar subdivision. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) and is located on the north-eastern side of Kolkata.

Bidhannagar's Salt lake is a planned region of Kolkata. It was planned and developed between 1958 and 1965 to accommodate the burgeoning population of Kolkata. Bidhannagar (including Salt lake) in Kolkata metropolitan area is under the administration of Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation. Keeping with its original name, it is commonly referred to as Salt Lake City.

The city is considered the main IT hub of Eastern India and Kolkata, West Bengal. The Nabadiganta Industrial area of Bidhannagar has always played a key role in the economic health of the city area. As of April 2019, Sector V of Bidhannagar had approximately 1,500 companies.
North Carolina Highway 124
North Carolina Highway 124 (NC 124) is a 9.2-mile-long (14.8 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Entirely in Edgecombe County, it travels east from NC 42 near Bridgersville through Macclesfield to NC 42 and NC 43 near Old Sparta. NC 124 is a two-lane road which primarily runs through a rural area of Eastern North Carolina. It provides access from Macclesfield to Wilson and Greenville using NC 42 and U.S. Route 258 (US 258).

NC 124 first appeared on North Carolina state transportation maps in 1933, travelling from its current western terminus at NC 42 northeast of Bridgersville to US 258 and NC 12 in Crisp. By 1935, NC 12 was removed from its routing along US 258. The highway maintained the same routing until sometime between 1963 and 1964 when it was extended northeast from US 258 to its current eastern terminus at NC 42 and NC 43 southwest of Old Sparta.

North Carolina Highway 12
North Carolina Highway 12 (NC 12) is a 148.0-mile-long (238.2 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina, linking the peninsulas and islands of the northern Outer Banks. Most sections of NC 12 are two lanes wide, and there are also two North Carolina Ferry System routes which maintain continuity of the route as it traverses the Outer Banks region. NC 12 is part of the Outer Banks Scenic Byway, a National Scenic Byway. The first NC 12 appeared on the 1924 North Carolina Official Map and at its greatest length ran from NC 30 in Pollocksville to NC 48 near Murfreesboro. Over time it was replaced by both U.S. Route 258 (US 258) and NC 58 and ceased to exist in 1958. The current NC 12 first appeared on the 1964 state highway map running from US 158 in Nags Head to Ocracoke. In 1976 NC 12 was extended to US 70 on the mainland and in 1987 was extended north to Corolla.
1976 Music City USA 420
The 1976 Music City USA 420 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race that took place on May 8, 1976, at Nashville Speedway (now Fairgrounds Speedway) in Nashville, Tennessee.

The five drivers that dominated the 1976 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season were David Pearson (average finish of 7th place), Cale Yarborough (average finish of 8th place), Richard Petty (average finish of 9th place), Benny Parsons (average finish of 10th place), and Bobby Allison (average finish 12th place).

Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway
Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway is a 0.596 mi (0.959 km) motorsport racetrack located at the Nashville Fairgrounds near downtown Nashville, Tennessee. The track is the second-oldest continually operating track in the United States. The track held NASCAR Grand National/Winston Cup (now NASCAR Cup Series) races from 1958 to 1984.
Thompson/Center Contender
The Thompson/Center Contender is a break-action single-shot pistol or rifle that was introduced in 1967 by Thompson/Center Arms. It can be chambered in cartridges from .17 Bumble Bee to .45-70 Government.

Wildcat cartridge
A wildcat cartridge, often shortened to wildcat, is a custom-made cartridge for which ammunition and/or firearms are not mass-produced. These cartridges are often created as experimental variants to optimize a certain ballistic performance characteristic (such as the power, size, or efficiency) of an existing commercial cartridge, or may merely be intended as novelty items.

Developing and using wildcat cartridges does not generally serve a purpose in military or law enforcement; it is more a hobby for serious sport shooting, hunting, gunsmithing and handloading enthusiasts, particularly in the United States. There are potentially endless varieties of wildcat cartridge: one source of gunsmithing equipment has a library of over 6,000 different wildcat cartridges for which they produce equipment such as chamber reamers.
Benjamina Karić
Benjamina Karić (née Londrc; born 8 April 1991) is a Bosnian politician serving as the municipal mayor of Novo Sarajevo since November 2024. She previously served as the 39th mayor of Sarajevo from 2021 to 2024. She has been a member of the Social Democratic Party since 2009.

Karić was born in Sarajevo in 1991. She graduated from the University of Sarajevo and earned her doctorate from the University of Zenica. Karić later worked as an assistant at the Faculty of Law at the University of Travnik and in Kiseljak. Following the 2020 municipal elections, she became mayor of Sarajevo in 2021 as a replacement for Bogić Bogićević, who decided to pull out of the candidacy for mayor shortly before.

Karić served as mayor until November 2024, having been elected municipal mayor of Novo Sarajevo a month prior in the 2024 municipal elections.

2020 Bosnian municipal elections
Municipal elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 15 November 2020 to elect mayors and assemblies in 145 municipalities and cities. Originally scheduled for 4 October, they were postponed due to a lack of funds.

Occurring under the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, they came less than a year following the delayed formation of the state government. National coalition partners and the hegemonic Bosniak, Serb and Croat political parties, the Party of Democratic Action (SDA), Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) and Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), respectively, each defended the most number of positions.

A total of 3,283,194 citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina were registered to vote – almost on par with the total population of the country, 3,531,159 at the 2013 census – pointing to issues of outdated data in the voters' registry.

Out of 425 mayoral candidates, 29 were women. Only 4 women were elected mayors, down from 7.
Thy Slaughter
Thy Slaughter is a British musical duo formed in 2014 that consists of producers A. G. Cook and Finn Keane (formerly Easyfun) under Cook's label PC Music. In 2014, the duo released only one original song, "Bronze", which appeared in the label's debut compilation album the next year. They did not release any new music until their 2023 debut album, Soft Rock, less than a month prior to the label switching to archival releases only.

The project was described by Stereogum as "faux-metal" in 2015. Clash said in 2023 that Thy Slaughter "revels in lawless pop futurism, embodying a truly boundary-less approach to neon-tinted sonic art," with "rock and pop aspects". Cook has cited rock bands such as Pixies, Nirvana, and The Strokes as influences for the project as well as Prince and Daft Punk.

PC Music Volume 1
PC Music Volume 1 is the first compilation album by British record label PC Music, released on 2 May 2015 as a paid download. The album consists of remastered versions of the label's earlier work.

The compilation was met with polarising, yet mostly positive reviews from critics upon its release. Some reviewers praised its innovative sound while others found the overall concept of the label to be wearing thin and the music to be shallow.
Petz
Petz is a series of single-player video games dating back to 1995, in which the player can adopt, raise, care for and breed their own virtual pets. Developed by PF.Magic, original Petz (Dogz and Catz) has sold over 1.5 million copies worldwide. The series has grown to over 22 million copies as of 2011 since coming under Ubisoft.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
Serge Lourie
Alexander Serge Lourie CF (22 February 1946 – 10 September 2024) was Leader of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, and was a local government councillor there from 1982 to 2010. He was Chairman of the United Kingdom Housing Trust, Kingston Hospital NHS Trust and Sanctuary Housing Association. He had also been the General Secretary of Help the Aged and a board member of the London Pensions Fund Authority and the Notting Hill Housing Trust.

Winston Churchill Memorial Trusts
Winston Churchill Memorial Trusts (WCMT) are three independent but related living memorials to Sir Winston Churchill, based in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. They exist for the purpose of administering Churchill Fellowships, also known as Churchill Travelling Fellowships, to provide an opportunity for applicants to travel overseas to conduct research in their chosen fields.

The Trusts were established in 1965, after the death of Churchill, by a combination of public subscription and government contributions.

The operating name of the UK Trust is The Churchill Fellowship.
Ibrahim Basha
Ibrahim Basha Iddris also called Mallam Basha or Sheikh Bayaan, is a Ghanaian Islamic preacher, and one of the campaigners of the Sunni Islamic movement in Ghana. He founded Nuriyya Islamic Institute in Tamale in 1969 and is the leader of Masjidul Bayaan in Tamale.

He is widely considered to have been the initiator in transforming the traditional madrasas into Anglo-Arabic schooling and the pioneer of the creation of Ghana Islamic Education Unit.

Yusuf Soalih Ajura
Yusuf Soalih also called Afa Ajura (1890-2004), was a Ghanaian Islamic scholar, a preacher, political activist, and the founder and leader of a sect in Ghana. Afa Ajura was a proponent of Sunni Islam shunning pre-Islamic pagan practices, and whom some have referred to as a precursor to Wahhabi reformism in Ghana. He established the Anbariyya Islamic Institute in Tamale in the 1940s. He died in Tamale on December 22, 2004. He was succeeded by Saeed Abubakr Zakaria in 2007 as leader of the Anbariya Sunni Community.
Formignana
Formignana (Ferrarese: Furmgnàna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Ferrara. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,898 and an area of 22.3 square kilometres (8.6 sq mi).

Formignana borders the following municipalities: Copparo, Ferrara, Jolanda di Savoia, Tresigallo.

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Wisconsin Valley Library Service
The Wisconsin Valley Library Service (WVLS) is a library system made up of 25 public libraries and hundreds of non-public libraries across seven counties in north-central Wisconsin. These include the counties of Clark, Forest, Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, and Taylor. The WVLS offices are located in the headquarters of the Marathon County Public Library in Wausau, Wisconsin.

Marathon County, Wisconsin
Marathon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 138,013. Its county seat is Wausau. It was founded in 1850, created from a portion of Portage County. At that time the county stretched to the northern border with the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It is named after the battlefield at Marathon, Greece.

Marathon County comprises the Wausau, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau–Stevens Point–Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Jaju Fernandes
Joaquim João "Jaju" Fernandes (29 September 1960 – 11 April 2023), also mononymously known as Jaju or Dada (transl. Father), was an Indian actor and singer known for his work in Konkani films and tiatr (theatre) productions. He made his professional debut in the 1980 tiatr Thapott (Slap) by his elder brother, Roseferns. Following this, he became known for playing both serious and comedic main characters, traditionally those of a father, antagonist, or police officer. In his later years, he took on the role of a football agent during his son Brandon Fernandes's early football career.

Roseferns
Antonio Rosario Fernandes (born 21 September 1954), known professionally as Roseferns,  is an Indian playwright, theatre director, and actor known for his work in Konkani films and tiatr productions. He popularly goes under the sobriquet "King of centuries". Fernandes wrote his first tiatr Bolidan (Sacrifice) in 1972, while still a student for a school function. As of April 2013, Fernandes' tiatr Thapott (Slap) is his best production with 230 shows.
Robert Bloet
Robert Bloet (sometimes Robert Bloett; died 1123) was Bishop of Lincoln 1093–1123 and Chancellor of England. Born into a noble Norman family, he became a royal clerk under King William I. Under William I's son and successor King William II, Bloet was first named chancellor then appointed to the See of Lincoln. Continuing to serve the king while bishop, Bloet remained a close royal councillor to William II's successor, King Henry I. He did much to embellish Lincoln Cathedral, and gave generously to his cathedral and other religious houses. He educated a number of noblemen, including illegitimate children of Henry I. He also was the patron of the medieval chronicler Henry of Huntingdon, and was an early patron of Gilbert of Sempringham, the founder of the Gilbertine monastic order.

Gilbertine Order
The Gilbertine Order was a Catholic religious institute of canons regular founded around 1130 by Gilbert of Sempringham in Sempringham, Lincolnshire, where Gilbert was the parish priest. It was the only completely English religious order and came to an end in the 16th century at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Modest Gilbertine revivals have taken place in the late 20th and early 21st centuries on three continents.
Karnail Singh
Karnail Singh (born 1968) is an Indian politician from Delhi, who is serving as a member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly from Shakur Basti Assembly constituency in North Delhi district. He won the 2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Shakur Basti Assembly constituency
Shakur Basti Assembly constituency is one of the seventy Delhi assembly constituencies of Delhi in northern India.
Shakur Basti assembly constituency is a part of Chandni Chowk (Lok Sabha constituency).