hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pescennius Niger
Gaius Pescennius Niger (c. 135 – 194) was a Roman usurper from 193 to 194 during the Year of the Five Emperors. He claimed the imperial throne in response to the murder of Pertinax and the elevation of Didius Julianus, but was defeated by a rival claimant, Septimius Severus, and killed while attempting to flee from Antioch.

Pertinax
Publius Helvius Pertinax (/ˈpɜːrtɪnæks/ PER-tin-ax; 1 August 126 – 28 March 193) was Roman emperor for the first three months of 193, succeeding Commodus and becoming the first ruler of the turbulent Year of the Five Emperors.

The son of a freedman, Pertinax rose from modest origins through a military career. He distinguished himself in the Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 and went on to hold a succession of governorships and senior commands. He also sat in the Roman Senate, where he was a contemporary of the historian Cassius Dio.

After the assassination of Commodus, Pertinax was chosen emperor. He aimed at restoring army discipline and imperial financial stability, but his reforms angered the Praetorian Guard, who killed him after just 87 days. He was later deified by Septimius Severus, who promoted his memory as part of his own rise to power. Ancient and modern assessments generally view Pertinax as a capable and conscientious ruler undone by circumstances.
Partnership (Hong Kong)
A partnership in Hong Kong is a business entity formed by the Partnerships Ordinance, which defines a partnership as "the relation between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profit" and is not a joint stock company or an incorporated company.  If the business entity registers with the Registrar of Companies it takes the form of a limited partnership defined in the Limited Partnerships Ordinance.  However, if this business entity fails to register with the Registrar of Companies, then it becomes a general partnership as a default.

Partnership
A partnership is an agreement where parties agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations, schools, governments or combinations. Organizations may partner to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission and to amplify their reach. A partnership may result in issuing and holding equity or may be only governed by a contract.
Aunt Sally
Aunt Sally is a traditional English game usually played in pub gardens and fairgrounds, in which players throw sticks or battens at a ball, known as a 'dolly', balanced on top of a stick; traditionally, a model of an old woman's head was sometimes used.  Leagues of pub teams still play the game, throughout the spring and summer months, mainly in Oxfordshire and some bordering counties. In France, the game is called jeu de massacre ("game of carnage").

The term Aunt Sally is also used for an argument or idea that is easily refutable and set up to invite criticism, equivalent to "straw man."

Pub game
A pub game is one which is traditionally played inside or outside a pub. Most pub games date back centuries and are rooted in village culture. Many derive from older outdoor sports.

Pub games can be loosely grouped into throwing games, dice games, card games, board games, slot games, cue and ball games, bat and ball games,  coin pushing/throwing games, and drinking games.
2008 Pan American Thomas & Uber Cup Preliminaries
The 2008 Pan American Thomas & Uber Cup Preliminaries was a continental badminton tournament held to determine the teams qualified for the 2008 Thomas & Uber Cup in Pan America. The event was held in Campinas, Brazil from 16 to 18 February 2008.

2008 Thomas & Uber Cup
The 2008 Thomas & Uber Cup was the 25th tournament of the Thomas Cup and 22nd tournament of the Uber Cup, the men's and women's team competition in badminton, respectively. It was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, from May 11 to May 18, 2008.
Battle of Pago
The Battle of Pago was a military operation that took place in 1520, in which Portuguese forces successfully attacked Pago, where the former Sultan of Malacca Mahmud Shah had built a fortified camp to harass Portuguese Malacca.

Portuguese Malacca
Portuguese control of Malacca—a city on the Malay Peninsula—spanned a 130 year period from 1511 to 1641 as a possession of the Portuguese East Indies. It was captured from the Malacca Sultanate as part of Portuguese attempts to gain control of trade in the region. Although multiple attempts to conquer it were repulsed, the city was eventually lost to an alliance of Dutch and regional forces, thus beginning a period of Dutch rule.
Gwen Buck
Gwen Buck BEM (1929–13 February 2005) was a British Paralympic athlete who competed in several sporting disciplines. She won gold medals in table tennis, lawn bowls, and swimming, and entered several athletics events across four Paralympic Games.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Rancho San Rafael
Rancho San Rafael was a 36,403-acre (147.32 km2) Spanish land grant in the San Rafael Hills, bordering the Los Angeles River and the Arroyo Seco in present-day Los Angeles County, southern California, given in 1784 to Jose Maria Verdugo.

Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)
The Arroyo Seco, meaning "dry stream" in Spanish, is a 24.9-mile-long (40.1 km) seasonal river, canyon, watershed, and cultural area in Los Angeles County, California. The area was explored by Gaspar de Portolà, who named the stream Arroyo Seco because its canyon had the least water of any he had seen. During this exploration, he met the Chief Hahamog-na (Hahamongna) of the Tongva Indians.
Chapelton railway station
Chapelton railway station serves the hamlet of Chapelton, part of the civil parish of Tawstock in the English county of Devon. It is a rural station on the Tarka Line to Barnstaple,  35 miles 52 chains (57.4 km) from Exeter Central at milepost 207 from London Waterloo.

It is the least used station in Devon in most year's government statistics, for example it had just 186 passengers recorded in the 2023-24 year.

Barnstaple railway station
Barnstaple railway station is the northern terminus of the Tarka Line and serves the town of Barnstaple, Devon. It is 39 miles 75 chains (64.3 km) from Exeter Central and 211.25 miles (339.97 km) from London Waterloo. It is managed by Great Western Railway, which also operates the passenger service.

It opened in 1854 but, from 1874 until 1970, it was known as Barnstaple Junction railway station, as it was the junction between lines to Ilfracombe, Bideford, Taunton and Exeter.
2010 Ohio State Auditor election
The 2010 Ohio State Auditor election was held on November 2, 2010, to elect the Ohio State Auditor, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor, and other state and local elections. Primary elections were held on May 4, 2010.

Incumbent Republican state auditor Mary Taylor originally announced she would seek re-election, but instead was the successful Republican nominee for lieutenant governor after being picked by John Kasich as his running mate in January 2010. Delaware County prosecutor Dave Yost won the Republican primary against state representative Seth Morgan, and Hamilton County commissioner David Pepper won the Democratic primary unopposed. Yost would go on to win the general election.

2010 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 2010 Ohio gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 2010. Incumbent Democratic Governor Ted Strickland ran for a second term and was opposed by former U.S. Representative John Kasich; both Strickland and Kasich won their respective primaries uncontested. Ultimately, Kasich defeated Strickland by a 2% margin.

Strickland's defeat was widely attributed to the decline of Ohio's economy, as well as the loss of 400,000 jobs since the beginning of his term. The policies of the then-president Barack Obama proved to be a hot topic among voters, with Strickland voicing his support for the healthcare overhauls initiated by Obama's administration, contrary to Kasich, who opposed the policies. As of 2025, this is the last time the Ohio Governor's office changed partisan control, and the last Ohio gubernatorial election where the incumbent was defeated.
Driscoll Expressway
The Driscoll Expressway was a proposed 38-mile-long (61 km) tolled limited-access highway that would have connected the New Jersey Turnpike with the Garden State Parkway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The road was proposed in 1971 to alleviate traffic in the area and was named for former Governor Alfred E. Driscoll, who as chairman of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA) would push for construction of the road. By the mid-1970s, mounting opposition from area residents and Governor Brendan Byrne led to the cancellation of the road.

New Jersey Turnpike Authority
The New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA) is a state agency responsible for maintaining the New Jersey Turnpike and the Garden State Parkway, which are two toll roads in the U.S. state of New Jersey.  The agency is headquartered in Woodbridge Township, New Jersey.

The NJTA was created in 1949 to oversee construction and maintenance of the New Jersey Turnpike. In 2003, the authority assumed control of the Garden State Parkway, which had previously been maintained by an agency known as the New Jersey Highway Authority (NJHA).
Odaiba
Odaiba (お台場) is a large artificial island in Tokyo Bay, Japan, across the Rainbow Bridge from central Tokyo. Odaiba was initially built for defensive purposes in the 1850s. The land was dramatically expanded during the late 20th century as a seaport district, and was redeveloped in the 1990s into a major commercial, residential and leisure area. Odaiba, along with Minato Mirai 21 in Yokohama, is one of the few manmade seashores in Tokyo Bay where the waterfront is accessible and not blocked by industry and harbor areas.

The majority of the island is located in Tokyo's Kōtō ward, with the north and northwest of the island in Minato and Shinagawa wards. Daiba (台場) formally refers to one district of the island located in Minato. Governor Shintaro Ishihara used Odaiba to refer to the entire Tokyo Waterfront Secondary City Center (東京臨海副都心, Tōkyō Rinkai Fukutoshin), which includes the Ariake and Aomi districts of Kōtō Ward and the Higashi-Yashio district of Shinagawa Ward.

Aomi
Aomi (青海) is an area in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan. Its subdivisions consist of Aomi 1, 2, 3 and 4 chome. Aomi is part of Tokyo Bay Landfill #13 and Tokyo Rinkai Satellite City Center.

Many important facilities are located in Aomi, such as the Miraikan scientific museum, the Palette Town (including VenusFort shopping mall, the 115-metre (377 ft) Daikanransha Ferris wheel, Zepp Tokyo music hall, Megaweb - the exhibition hall of Toyota), a National Institute of Technology. There is a large seaport facility area of the Port of Tokyo (Aomi dock) and Aomi container terminal. More than a half of the Aomi 2 chome area is dedicated to the port and cargo storage.

The land of whole Aomi area had been reclaimed from the sea after 1946, thus all trees have been planted and there are no large animals except for stray cats. Several kinds of wild birds and fishes can be observed.
G.8201
In Optical Transport Networks, G.8201 is an international standard that defines error performance parameters and objectives for multi-operator international paths.

G.8201 is defined by the International Telecommunications Union's Standardization sector (ITU-T).

Optical transport network
An optical transport network (OTN) is a digital wrapper that encapsulates frames of data, to allow multiple data sources to be sent on the same channel. This creates an optical virtual private network for each client signal.

ITU-T defines an optical transport network as a set of optical network elements (ONE) connected by optical fiber links, able to provide functionality of transport, multiplexing, switching, management, supervision and survivability of optical channels carrying client signals. An ONE may re-time, re-Amplify, re-shape (3R) but it does not have to be 3R –  it can be purely photonic. Unless connected by optical fibre links, it shall not be OTN. Mere functionality of switching, management, supervision shall not make it OTN, unless the signals are carried through optical fibre. Unlike SONET/SDH, OTN provides a mechanism to manage multiplexed wavelengths in a DWDM system.
Kill Them All and Come Back Alone
Kill Them All and Come Back Alone (Italian: Ammazzali tutti e torna solo; Spanish: Mátalos y vuelve) is a 1968 Italian–Spanish Western film directed by Enzo G. Castellari. Chuck Connors headlines an ensemble cast that also includes Frank Wolff, Franco Citti, Leo Anchóriz, Giovanni Cianfriglia, Alberto Dell'Acqua and Hercules Cortez. No woman is seen in the entire movie.

The story centers around a gang of robbers, whose boss (Connors) is tasked by a Confederate captain (Wolff) with stealing gold from a Union fort, before wiping out all of his men to save on their share of the booty. The film has earned notice as one of the genre's most action-oriented examples. It is a spiritual successor to Vado... l'ammazzo e torno (lit. 'I Go... I Kill Him and I Come Back'), another heist-themed Western made the previous year by Castellari, writer Tito Carpi and producer Edmondo Amati.

Any Gun Can Play
Any Gun Can Play (Italian: Vado... l'ammazzo e torno) is a 1967 spaghetti Western starring Gilbert Roland, Edd Byrnes and George Hilton. The film is directed by Enzo G. Castellari. The film revolves around a group of cowboys in search of gold, leading to double-crosses as they continually change allegiances and gain the upper hand, only to be thwarted by fellow outlaws, mysterious insurance investigators, and each other.
Ohio State Route 312
State Route 312 (SR 312) is a north–south state highway located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  SR 312 runs from its southern terminus at a T-intersection with SR 93 approximately 4.25 miles (6.84 km) northeast of Logan to its northern terminus at a T-intersection with SR 664 nearly 1.25 miles (2.01 km) south of Bremen.

SR 312 was created in the early 1930s.  Its generally maintained its same routing for the entirety of its history, excepting the first five years of its existence when it continued north along SR 664 a short distance through Bremen before coming to an end at SR 37.  This two-lane highway traverses rural territory for its entire length.

Ohio State Route 37
State Route 37 (SR 37) is a northwest–southeast highway (signed east–west) in Ohio.  It is the ninth longest state route in Ohio.  Its western terminus is at U.S. Route 224 and SR 12 in Findlay, and its eastern terminus is at SR 60 and SR 78 in McConnelsville.
Andromède
Andromède (Andromeda) is a French verse play in a prologue and five acts by Pierre Corneille, first performed on 1 February 1650 by the Troupe Royale de l'Hôtel de Bourgogne at the Théâtre Royal de Bourbon in Paris. The story is taken from Books IV and V of Ovid's Metamorphoses and concerns the transformation of Perseus and Andromeda.
The play has rarely been revived and is mostly remembered today for the set of six engravings by François Chauveau depicting the elaborate Baroque set designs of Giacomo Torelli.

Perseus
In Greek mythology, Perseus (US: /ˈpɜːr.si.əs/ ⓘ, UK: /ˈpɜː.sjuːs/; Greek: Περσεύς, translit. Perseús) is the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty. He was, alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon, the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles. He beheaded the Gorgon Medusa for Polydectes and saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus. He was a demigod, being the son of Zeus and the mortal Danaë, as well as the half-brother and great-grandfather of Heracles (as they were both children of Zeus, and Heracles's mother was Perseus's granddaughter).
Academia Argentina de Letras
The Academia Argentina de Letras is the academy in charge of studying and prescribing the use of the Spanish language in Argentina. Since its establishment, on August 13, 1931, it has maintained ties with the Royal Spanish Academy and the other Spanish-language academies that are members of the Association of Spanish Language Academies. Since 1999, it has officially been a correspondent academy of the Royal Spanish Academy.

It currently includes two dozen full members, chosen for having distinguished themselves in academic study related to language or literature. They make up the directing body of the academy, and they select honorary and correspondent academic members.

Royal Spanish Academy
The Royal Spanish Academy (Spanish: Real Academia Española, pronounced [reˈal akaˈðemja espaˈɲola]; RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other Hispanophone nations through the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language.

The RAE dedicates itself to language planning by applying linguistic prescription aimed at promoting linguistic unity within and between various territories, to ensure a common standard. The proposed language guidelines are shown in a number of works.
Kevin Carter
Kevin Carter (13 September 1960 – 27 July 1994) was a South African photojournalist and member of the Bang-Bang Club. He was the recipient in 1994 of a Pulitzer Prize for his photograph depicting the 1993 famine in Sudan; he died by suicide less than four months afterwards, at the age of 33. His story is depicted in the book The Bang-Bang Club, written by Greg Marinovich and João Silva and published in 2000.

Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography
The Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography is one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It recognizes a distinguished example of feature photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs, a sequence or an album.

The Feature Photography prize was inaugurated in 1968 when the single Pulitzer Prize for Photography was replaced by the Feature prize and "Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography", renamed for "Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography" in 2000.
Bow Brickhill railway station
Bow Brickhill railway station is a railway station that serves the civil parishes of Bow Brickhill and Walton in the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. It is on the Bletchley — Bedford Marston Vale line, about 2 miles (3.25 km) east of Bletchley.

The station is served by London Northwestern Railway local services from Bletchley to Bedford. Services are operated using Class 150 multiple units. This station is one of the seven stations serving the Milton Keynes urban area.

Bedford railway station
Bedford railway station (formerly Bedford Midland Road and historically referred to on some signage as Bedford Midland) is the larger of two railway stations in the town of Bedford, in Bedfordshire, England. It is on the Midland Main Line, which connects London St Pancras with the East Midlands, and is the terminus of the Marston Vale line between Bletchley and Bedford St Johns.
The Square (1994 film)
The Square is a 1994 Chinese documentary film directed by Zhang Yuan. It is Zhang's first true documentary film, after two documentary-influenced fiction films: Mama and Beijing Bastards.

Filmed in black and white, The Square documents a day in the life of Tiananmen Square a few years after the events of 1989.

Mama (1990 film)
Mama is a 1990 Chinese film directed by Zhang Yuan. Zhang Yuan's directorial debut, Mama is now considered a seminal film in the history of Chinese independent cinema, and by extension, as a pioneering film of the Sixth Generation of which Zhang is a member. Shot on a very low budget within Zhang Yuan's apartment, Mama follows the story of a mother and her mentally challenged adult son.
Chorleywood House Estate
Chorleywood House Estate is a 64.3 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Chorleywood in Hertfordshire. It is owned and managed by Three Rivers District Council, and the declaring authority is Hertfordshire County Council.

It was designated a Local Nature Reserve in 2007.

The River Chess runs through the estate which has formal parkland, meadows and mature woodland. Protected species include coralroot bittercress. Chorleywood Dell is a key neutral grassland site in the Biodiversity Action Plan for Hertfordshire. The gardens surround the 200-year-old manor house and summer house.

There is access from Common Road.

Three Rivers District
Three Rivers is a local government district in south-west Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in Rickmansworth. The district borders Hertsmere, Watford, St Albans, Dacorum, Buckinghamshire, and the London boroughs of Hillingdon and Harrow.
Hartmann's mountain zebra
Hartmann's mountain zebra (Equus zebra hartmannae) is a subspecies of the mountain zebra found in far south-western Angola and western Namibia, easily distinguished from other similar zebra species by its dewlap as well as the lack of stripes on its belly.

Mountain zebra
The mountain zebra (Equus zebra) is a zebra species in the family Equidae, native to southwestern Africa. There are two subspecies, the Cape mountain zebra (E. z. zebra) found in South Africa and Hartmann's mountain zebra (E. z. hartmannae) found in south-western Angola and Namibia.
Laurence Waddell
Lieutenant Colonel Laurence Austine Waddell, CB, CIE, F.L.S., L.L.D, M.Ch., I.M.S. RAI, F.R.A.S (29 May 1854 – 19 September 1938) was a Scottish explorer, Professor of Tibetan, Professor of Chemistry and Pathology, Indian Army surgeon, collector in Tibet, and amateur archaeologist. Waddell also studied Sumerian and Sanskrit; he made various translations of seals and other inscriptions. His reputation as an Assyriologist gained little to no academic recognition and his books on the history of civilization have caused controversy. Some of his book publications however were popular with the public, and he is regarded by some today to have been a real-life precursor of the fictional character Indiana Jones.

Indian Medical Service
The Indian Medical Service (IMS) was a military medical service in British India, which also had some civilian functions. Originating during the East India Company's period of rule, it was organised into a single unified service in 1896, served during the two World Wars, and remained in existence until the independence of India in 1947.

Many of its officers, who were both British and Indian, served in civilian hospitals. Among its notable ranks, the IMS had Sir Ronald Ross, a Nobel Prize winner, Sir Benjamin Franklin, later honorary physician to three British monarchs and Henry Vandyke Carter, best known for his illustrations in the anatomy textbook Gray's Anatomy.