hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brooks Steam Motors
Brooks Steam Motors, Ltd. was a Canadian manufacturer of steam cars established in March 1923. Its cars more closely resembled the Stanley Steamers in terms of engineering rather than the more sophisticated Doble steam cars. The company was formed from the defunct Detroit Steam Motors Corporation.

Stanley Motor Carriage Company
The Stanley Motor Carriage Company was an American manufacturer of steam cars that operated from 1902 to 1924, going defunct after it failed to adapt to competition from rapidly improving internal combustion engine vehicles. The cars made by the company were colloquially called Stanley Steamers although several different models were produced.
Theoretical computer science
Theoretical computer science is a subfield of computer science and mathematics that focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computation.

It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT) provides the following description:

TCS covers a wide variety of topics including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program semantics and verification, algorithmic game theory, machine learning, computational biology, computational economics, computational geometry, and computational number theory and algebra. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor.

Computation
A computation is any type of arithmetic or non-arithmetic calculation that is well-defined. Common examples of computation are mathematical equation solving and the execution of computer algorithms.

Mechanical or electronic devices (or, historically, people) that perform computations are known as computers. Computer science is an academic field that involves the study of computation.
Lorong Halus
Lorong Halus is an area in Pasir Ris surrounding a road of the same name. The road leads to industrial buildings and farms in Pasir Ris Farmway. It starts from the Tampines Expressway (TPE) and ends at a pier. There is a road from Lorong Halus that leads to the Lorong Halus Wetland. The wetland treats the water flowing through it, which was a former landfill.

The nearest MRT station to Lorong Halus is Pasir Ris MRT station while the nearest LRT station is Riviera LRT station.

Pasir Ris
Pasir Ris (IPA: /ˌpɑːsər ˈrɪs, -seɪ-/ pah-sir RISS or pah-say RISS) is a planning area and residential town located in the East Region of Singapore. It is bordered by Tampines and Paya Lebar to the south, Sengkang to the southwest and Changi to the east. The planning area also shares riverine boundary with Punggol to the west, separated by the Serangoon River, as well as having a maritime boundary with the North-Eastern Islands planning area, across the Straits of Johor.

Like other new towns, public transport facilities were factored into the development of Pasir Ris. Pasir Ris is easily accessible via bus services at Pasir Ris Bus Interchange and the Mass Rapid Transit at Pasir Ris MRT station. Today, landmarks in the area include the NTUC Downtown East, Pasir Ris Beach Park and White Sands Shopping Mall.
Gomory–Hu tree
In combinatorial optimization, the Gomory–Hu tree of an undirected graph with capacities is a weighted tree that represents the minimum s-t cuts for all s-t pairs in the graph. The Gomory–Hu tree can be constructed in |V| − 1 maximum flow computations. It is named for Ralph E. Gomory and T. C. Hu.

Maximum flow problem
In optimization theory, maximum flow problems involve finding a feasible flow through a flow network that obtains the maximum possible flow rate.

The maximum flow problem can be seen as a special case of more complex network flow problems, such as the circulation problem. The maximum value of an s-t flow (i.e., flow from source s to sink t) is equal to the minimum capacity of an s-t cut (i.e., cut severing s from t) in the network, as stated in the max-flow min-cut theorem.
A67 road
The A67 is a road in England that links Bowes in County Durham with Crathorne in North Yorkshire. The road from Middlesbrough to Darlington was previously the A66 road, the road also starts and ends on the A66.

A66 road
The A66 is a major road in Northern England, which in part follows the course of the Roman road from Scotch Corner to Penrith. It runs from east of Middlesbrough in North Yorkshire to Workington in Cumbria. The road has been progressively improved with dual carriageway sections, but with stretches of single carriageway road. The road is set to be completely dualled between Scotch Corner and Penrith, with a £1.3 billion scheme being announced in March 2024.
Kazal domain
The Kazal domain  is an evolutionary conserved protein domain usually indicative of serine protease inhibitors. However, kazal-like domains are also seen in the extracellular part of agrins, which are not known to be protease inhibitors.

In animals, serine protease inhibitors that act via their Kazal domain are grouped under the MEROPS inhibitor family I1, clan IA.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
EarthScope Consortium
EarthScope Consortium is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit geophysical science support organization. EarthScope Consortium operates two of the National Science Foundation's (NSF) major research facilities, the NSF Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (NSF GAGE) and the NSF Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (NSF SAGE), which provide geophysical instrumentation, data access, and services to support geoscience research and education.

EarthScope Consortium's corporate headquarters are located in Washington, D.C., and an instrument facility is located in Socorro, New Mexico.

Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience
The U.S. National Science Foundation's Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (NSF SAGE) is a distributed, multi-user national facility that provides support for state of-the-art seismic research. It is operated by EarthScope Consortium. Its previous operator was the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), until its merger with UNAVCO to become EarthScope Consortium. NSF SAGE is one of the two premier geophysical facilities in support of geoscience and geoscience education of the National Science Foundation (NSF). The other premiere geophysical facility is NSF GAGE, the Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience.

The services of the facility include support for the Global Seismographic Network (GSN), Data Services, and instrument support via the EarthScope Primary Instrument Center (EPIC), including magnetotelluric (MT) geophysical research.
Global Observing Satellite for Greenhouse gases and Water cycle
Global Observing Satellite for Greenhouse gases and Water cycle (GOSAT-GW), also called Ibuki GW, is a Japanese Earth observation satellite for observing the global water cycle and greenhouse gas monitoring. It is a successor to the GCOM-W and the GOSAT-2 satellites. GOSAT-GW was jointly developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ministry of the Environment, and the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). GOSAT-GW was launched on 28 June 2025, on the last launch of JAXA’s workhorse H-IIA rocket.

Global Change Observation Mission
GCOM (Global Change Observation Mission), is a JAXA project of long-term observation of Earth environmental changes. As a part of Japan's contributions to GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems), GCOM will be continued for 10 to 15 years with observation and utilization of global geophysical data such as precipitation, snow, water vapor, aerosol, for climate change prediction, water management, and food security. On May 18, 2012, the first satellite "GCOM-W" (nickname "Shizuku") was launched. On December 23, 2017, the second satellite "GCOM-C1" (nickname "Shikisai") was launched.
HMH-772
Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 772 (HMH-772) is a United States Marine Corps helicopter squadron consisting of CH-53E Super Stallion transport helicopters. The squadron, known as the Flying Armadillos with the Radio Callsign "Hustler", is based at McGuire AFB, New Jersey and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 49 (MAG-49) and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing (4th MAW).

4th Marine Aircraft Wing
The 4th Marine Aircraft Wing is the reserve airwing of the United States Marine Corps.  It is headquartered in New Orleans, Louisiana but its subordinate units are scattered throughout the United States.
Kwazi Mshengu
Kwazikwenkosi Innocent Mshengu (born 10 November 1984) is a South African lawyer and African National Congress politician who served as the Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Education in KwaZulu-Natal until 11 August 2022 when he was replaced with Mbali Frazer by the new KwaZulu-Natal Premier Nomusa Dube-Ncube. He served as a member of the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature from May 2019 until February 2023. Mshengu is the provincial chairperson of the African National Congress Youth League.

Nomusa Dube-Ncube
Nomusa Dube-Ncube is a South African politician and former diplomat who was the 9th Premier of KwaZulu-Natal from August 2022 to June 2024. She currently serves as Deputy Minister of Higher Education and Training since 22 July 2025. A member of the African National Congress, she is the first woman to hold the office of being the Premier of KwaZulu-Natal. She was succeeded by Thami Ntuli.

Previously, she served as the Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs from July 2009 to May 2019, as the MEC for Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs from May 2019 until November 2020, and as the MEC for Finance from November 2020 until her appointment as premier in August 2022. Prior to serving in the legislature, she was South Africa's ambassador to the Czech Republic.
Sound Fantasy
Sound Fantasy (Japanese: サウンドファンタジー, Hepburn: Saundofantajī), titled Sound Factory during development, is an unreleased music video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It was a collaboration between Nintendo and artist Toshio Iwai. who was inspired by his earlier interactive installation art piece titled Music Insects. Development spanned between 1993 and 1994, but it was never released by Nintendo for unknown reasons. The game's key elements were later developed into Maxis's 1996 PC game  SimTunes.

Music video game
A music video game, also commonly known as a music game, is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player's interactions with a musical score or individual songs. Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of "rhythmically generated puzzles".

Music video games are distinct from purely audio games (e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound: Kaze no Regret) in that they feature a visual feedback, to lead the player through the game's soundtrack, although eidetic music games can fall under both categories.
Azores Summit
The Azores Summit was a meeting held on 16 March 2003 at Lajes Air Base on Terceira Island in the Azores, Portugal, between the heads of government of the United States (George W. Bush), the United Kingdom (Tony Blair), Spain (José María Aznar), and Portugal (José Manuel Durão Barroso, who also served as the host).

At the Azores Summit, the decision was made to issue a 24-hour ultimatum to the Iraqi regime headed by Saddam Hussein for disarmament under threat of a declaration of war.

In Spain, the Azores Summit was widely criticized and, according to some experts, it was a turning point that marked the beginning of the fall of the People's Party, which would be further accentuated by the 2004 Madrid train bombings.

The ultimatum finally led to the 2003 invasion of Iraq by an international coalition of countries, without the explicit backing of the United Nations, although they relied on United Nations Security Council resolutions (UNSCR) 1441, 1483, and 1511.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1511
United Nations Security Council resolution 1511 was adopted unanimously on 16 October 2003, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq, particularly 1483 (2003), 1500 (2003), and Resolution 1373 (2001) on terrorism. The council urged countries to contribute towards a multinational force to maintain security and called for power to be returned to the Iraqi people as soon as possible.

During discussions prior to the adoption of Resolution 1511, Council members were presented with a choice of ending the occupation sooner or approving a longer, temporary occupation; they eventually chose the latter option, effectively authorising the international presence in Iraq. The resolution was drafted by the United States and sponsored by Cameroon, Spain and the United Kingdom.
Brightmoor, Detroit
Brightmoor is a neighborhood located in Detroit, Michigan, near the northwest border of the city. Brightmoor is defined by the Brightmoor Alliance as being bordered by Puritan Avenue to the north, the CSX railway to the south, Evergreen Road to the east, and West Outer Drive, Dacosta Street, and Telegraph Road to the west. However, the demographics given here for the neighborhood are the city's statistical Master Plan Neighborhood area, which consists of eight census tracts that includes some areas outside of the Alliance's boundaries, but does not include some areas within its boundaries.

Master Plan Neighborhood areas in Detroit
Master Plan Neighborhood areas in Detroit are statistical divisions created by the City of Detroit Planning & Development Department and used for urban planning purposes by the city and statistical agencies, charities, non-profits, and other local organizations.  The city is divided into 55 neighborhood areas which are further grouped into 10 neighborhood clusters.  The neighborhood areas are composed of and based on census tracts.

The master plan neighborhood areas were created with the adoption of the city's current master plan in July 2009, which was a revision of the 1992 master plan.  While they are formally and officially referred to, and described as "master plan neighborhoods", the statistical divisions would more accurately be described as neighborhood groups, since they generally include multiple traditional city neighborhoods.  The "neighborhood clusters" would more accurately be described as regions, as they were drawn to roughly cover 100,000 residents apiece.
Fabian Wiede
Fabian Wiede (born 8 February 1994) is a German handball player for Füchse Berlin and the German national team. He has played his entire senior career at the club.

He was part of the German team that won the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship.

Germany men's national handball team
The Germany national handball team is the country's national men's handball team and represents Germany in international tournaments in men's handball and is one of the most successful handball teams in the world, having won three World Championships and two European Championship.
Superfamily database
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, structural, and evolutionary units that form proteins. Domains of common Ancestry are grouped into superfamilies. The domains and domain superfamilies are defined and described in SCOP. Superfamilies are groups of proteins which have structural evidence to support a common evolutionary ancestor but may not have detectable sequence homology.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Slava Raškaj
Slava Raškaj (pronounced [slǎːʋa rǎʃkaj]; 2 January 1877 – 29 March 1906) was a Croatian painter, considered to be the greatest Croatian watercolorist of the late 19th and early 20th century. Deaf since birth, Raškaj was schooled in Vienna and Zagreb, where her mentor was the renowned Croatian painter Bela Čikoš Sesija. In the 1890s her works were exhibited around Europe, including at the 1900 Expo in Paris. In her twenties Raškaj was diagnosed with acute depression and was institutionalised for the last three years of her life before dying in 1906 from tuberculosis in Zagreb. The value of her work was largely overlooked by art historians in the following decades, but in the late 1990s and early 2000s interest in her work was revived.

Bela Čikoš Sesija
Bela Čikoš Sesija (born Adalbert Csikos Sessia; 27 January 1864 in Osijek – 11 February 1931 in Zagreb) was a Croatian Symbolist painter, art teacher and one of the founders of the Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb.
Anatoly Grigoriev
Anatoly Ivanovich Grigoriev (Russian: Анатолий Иванович Григорьев; 23 March 1943 – 11 February 2023) was a Soviet and Russian physiologist. He was a Doctor of Sciences (1980), Professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation (1996). Laureate of the 1989 USSR State Prize and winner of the 2001 State Prize of the Russian Federation. Disciple of Oleg Gazenko, Grigoriev was one of the leading scientists in bioastronautics and space flight medicine.

Oleg Gazenko
Oleg Georgievich Gazenko (Russian: Олег Георгиевич Газенко; 12 December 1918 – 17 November 2007) was a Russian military officer in the former Soviet Air Force and a program manager in the Soviet space program.

He headed the Institute of Biomedical Problems in Moscow and was leading a Soviet mission  to train animals in space. Gazenko selected and trained Laika, the dog who flew on the 1957 Sputnik 2 mission.
Avenida Marginal (Mindelo)
Avenida Marginal is an important street in Mindelo, São Vicente island, Cape Verde. It runs along the coast of the Porto Grande Bay, connecting the city centre with the northwestern outskirts (Matiota). Its southern end is the intersection with Rua Libertadores de África (the former Rua Lisboa) and Rua da Praia, that continues south along the coast. Avenida Marginal runs along the port of Mindelo, below Fortim d'El-Rei and along Praia da Laginha in Matiota.

Notable structures along the avenue:

the former customs house (1858-1861), current Centro Cultural do Mindelo

Parque Nhô Roque, named after writer António Aurélio Gonçalves

the former British consulate (1853)

Avenida Marginal lent its name to an album of singer Bana and a song of singer Cesária Évora in her 2006 album Rogamar.

Porto Grande Bay
Porto Grande Bay (Portuguese: Baía do Porto Grande), also Mindelo Bay, is a bay on the north coast of the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde. The main city of São Vicente, Mindelo, is situated at the bay. The Porto Grande Bay is a natural harbour. It stretches between the headlands Ponta João Ribeiro in the northeast and Ponta do Morro Branco in the west. To the northwest it opens towards the Canal de São Vicente, the channel between the islands São Vicente and Santo Antão. The small rocky islet Ilhéu dos Pássaros lies north of the bay.
Butterfly network
A butterfly network is a technique to link multiple computers into a high-speed network. This form of multistage interconnection network topology can be used to connect different nodes in a multiprocessor system.

Multistage interconnection networks
Multistage interconnection networks (MINs) are a class of high-speed computer networks usually composed of processing elements (PEs) on one end of the network and memory elements (MEs) on the other end, connected by switching elements (SEs).  The switching elements themselves are usually connected to each other in stages, hence the name.

MINs are typically used in high-performance or parallel computing as a low-latency interconnection (as opposed to traditional packet switching networks), though they could be implemented on top of a packet switching network.  Though the network is typically used for routing purposes, it could also be used as a co-processor to the actual processors for such uses as sorting; cyclic shifting, as in a perfect shuffle network; and bitonic sorting.
OSCE Minsk Group
The OSCE Minsk Group was created in 1992 by the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), now Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), to encourage a peaceful, negotiated resolution to the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh.

The OSCE Minsk Group was formally closed on 1 September 2025 by unanimous decision of the OSCE Ministerial Council, following a joint appeal for its dissolution by Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) was a key element of the détente process during the Cold War. Although it did not have the force of a treaty, it recognized the boundaries of postwar Europe and established a mechanism for minimizing political and military tensions between East and West and improving human rights in the Communist Bloc. The first phase was the Meeting of Foreign Ministers in Helsinki in 1973, the second negotiations held in Geneva from 1973 to 1975, and the third the Helsinki summit in 1975. The final document was signed in Helsinki, Finland on August 1, 1975, by 33 European nations, the United States and Canada. It is often called the Helsinki Agreement. In 1994, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) was established as a successor to CSCE.