hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paradox of radiation of charged particles in a gravitational field
The paradox of a charge in a gravitational field is an apparent physical paradox in the context of general relativity. A charged particle at rest in a gravitational field, such as on the surface of the Earth, must be supported by a force to prevent it from falling. According to the equivalence principle, it should be indistinguishable from a particle in flat spacetime being accelerated by a force. Maxwell's equations say that an accelerated charge should radiate electromagnetic waves, yet such radiation is not observed for stationary particles in gravitational fields.

One of the first to study this problem was Max Born in his 1909 paper about the consequences of a charge in uniformly accelerated frame. Earlier concerns and possible solutions were raised by Wolfgang Pauli (1918), Max von Laue (1919), and others, but the most recognized work on the subject is the resolution of Thomas Fulton and Fritz Rohrlich in 1960.

Equivalence principle
The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature. The weak form, known for centuries, relates to masses of any composition in free fall taking the same trajectories and landing at identical times. The extended form by Albert Einstein requires special relativity to also hold in free fall and requires the weak equivalence to be valid everywhere. This form was a critical input for the development of the theory of general relativity. The strong form requires Einstein's form to work for stellar objects. Highly precise experimental tests of the principle limit possible deviations from equivalence to be very small.
Ewa Pajor
Ewa Barbara Pajor (Polish: [ˈɛva ˈpajɔr]; born 3 December 1996) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a striker for Liga F club Barcelona and captains the Poland national team.

Starting her senior career with Medyk Konin, she won two Ekstraliga titles and three national cups with Medyk in three years. In 2015, she transferred to VfL Wolfsburg, where she won five Frauen-Bundesliga titles, nine consecutive DFB-Pokals, two league top goalscorer awards, and featured in three UEFA Women's Champions League finals. In 2024, she moved to Barcelona. In her first season, she was the club's top scorer in all competitions as they won a domestic triple and finished the 2024–25 UEFA Women's Champions League as runners-up.

She was named Polish Women's Player of the Year six times by the Piłka Nożna weekly, won the Women's Gerd Müller Trophy in 2025, and placed 8th in that year's Ballon d'Or.

2025 Ballon d'Or
The 2025 Ballon d'Or was the 69th annual ceremony of the Ballon d'Or, presented by France Football, recognising the best footballers in the world in the 2024–25 season. For the fourth time in the history of the award, it was awarded based on the results of the season instead of the calendar year. This was the period from 1 August 2024 to 13 July 2025 (final of the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup) for the men's award, and to 2 August 2025 (final of the 2025 Copa América Femenina) for the women's award. The ceremony took place on 22 September 2025, with the nominees having been announced on 7 August 2025.
Rafiq Al-Natsheh
Rafiq Al-Natsheh (born 1934) is a Palestinian politician who served as the speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) from 3 November 2003 to 10 March 2004.

He has a political science degree from Cairo University.
He is a member of Fatah, and was in its central committee. He became a member of the Palestinian National Council in 1964. 
He was the PLO representative in Saudi Arabia from 1979 to 1990.  
He was elected to the Palestinian Legislative Council in the 1996 elections. 
He was appointed as minister of labor of the Palestinian Authority from 1998 to 2002. 
He was appointed as minister of agriculture from 2002 until his election as speaker. 
He served as Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council from 3 November 2003 to 10 March 2004. Later he was appointed as the head of Palestinian Anti-Corruption Commission.

Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council
The Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council (Arabic: رئيس المجلس التشريعي الفلسطيني) is the chairman of the Palestinian Legislative Council, the unicameral legislature of Palestine. As Chairman, the Speaker acts as interim President of the Palestinian National Authority if the latter is unable to perform his or her duties. Under Palestinian law, the interim President holds the role for sixty days until an election is held.

Since 18 February 2006, the Speaker has been Aziz Dweik, of Hamas, though the Palestinian Legislative Council has not met since 2007.
Salar Ignorado
Salar Ignorado is a salar (salt flat) in the Andes of Chile's Atacama Region at 4,250 metres (13,940 ft) elevation. Located just south of Cerro Bayo volcano, it comprises 0.7 square kilometres (0.27 sq mi) of salt flats, sand dunes and numerous pools of open water. The waters of Salar Ignorado, unlike these of other salt flats in the central Andes, are acidic owing to the input of sulfuric acid from hydrothermal water and the weathering of volcanic rocks.

The salt flat is located in a harsh climate with strong winds, large temperature fluctuations, intense insolation and aridity. Gypsum crystals develop in the pools of water and are redeposited by wind to form the dunes. Liquids and microorganisms are occasionally trapped within the crystals. The environment of Salar Ignorado has drawn comparisons to early Earth.

Hydrothermal circulation
Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water (Ancient Greek ὕδωρ, water, and θέρμη, heat ). Hydrothermal circulation occurs most often in the vicinity of sources of heat within the Earth's crust. In general, this occurs near volcanic activity, but can occur in the shallow to mid crust along deeply penetrating fault irregularities or in the deep crust related to the intrusion of granite, or as the result of orogeny or metamorphism. Hydrothermal circulation often results in hydrothermal mineral deposits.
Paul Teal
Paul Joseph Teal (July 18, 1989 – November 15, 2024) was an American actor of film, television and theatre, from Wilmington, North Carolina. He was best known for portraying Josh Avery in the American drama One Tree Hill, in its seventh season. A graduate of the William Esper Studio and the T. Schreiber Studio, Teal debuted in acting with One Tree Hill in 2010 and had minor and recurring roles in productions until his death in 2024.

One Tree Hill season 7
The seventh season of One Tree Hill premiered on September 14, 2009. This is the first season not to include the show's original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. After successful ratings for the first three episodes, The CW gave the series a full-season order of 22 episodes.

The season premiere was seen by 2.45 million viewers and achieved a 1.2 rating in Adults 18–49. Episode 7 achieved season highs with 2.67 million viewers and a 1.3 rating in Adults 18–49. The season averaged 2.28 million viewers and a 1.1 rating placing it at #115 in the 2009–10 season.
Robert Runcie
Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie, Baron Runcie, MC, PC (2 October 1921 – 11 July 2000) was an English Anglican bishop. He was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1980 to 1991, having previously been Bishop of St Albans. He travelled the world widely to spread ecumenicism and worked to foster relations with both Protestant and Catholic churches across Europe. He was a leader of the Liberal Anglo-Catholicism movement. He came under attack for expressing compassion towards bereaved Argentines after the Falklands War of 1982, and generated controversy by supporting women's ordination.

Biographer Adrian Hastings argues that Runcie was not a distinguished writer or thinker, but was a good administrator who made shrewd appointments, demanded quality, and recognised good performances.

Liberal Anglo-Catholicism
The terms liberal Anglo-Catholicism, liberal Anglo-Catholic or simply liberal Catholic, refer to people, beliefs, and practices within Anglicanism that affirm liberal Christian perspectives while maintaining various traditions associated with Anglo-Catholicism.
Santos FC (women)
Santos Futebol Clube, commonly known as Santos or Sereias da Vila, is a Brazilian women's association football club, based in the city of Santos, São Paulo state, Brazil. They won the Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino once, the Copa do Brasil twice and the Copa Libertadores Femenina twice.

Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino Série A1
The Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino (Brazilian Women's National Championship), also known as Brasileirão Feminino, is an annual Brazilian women's club football tournament organized by the Confederação Brasileira de Futebol, or CBF. It is the country's premier women's football competition and the first professional women's league in the country.
Narharpur, Chhattisgarh
Narharpur is a Nagar Panchayat (Notified Area Council) city in the Kanker district (North Baster) of Chhattisgarh state, central India. The 2011 Census of India recorded 4,509 inhabitants in this town.

Kanker district
Uttar Bastar Kanker district is located in the southern region of the state of Chhattisgarh, India within the latitudes 20.6-20.24 and longitudes 80.48-81.48. The total area of the district is 6432 square kilometers. The population is 748,941.

The district's headquarters, Kanker town, is situated on the National Highway 30 almost halfway between Chhattisgarh's two major cities - Raipur, the state capital, and Jagdalpur, the second biggest city and headquarters of the neighbouring Bastar district and Bastar Division.
Yehuda Danon
Yehuda Danon (Hebrew: יהודה דנון; born 1940) is an Israeli doctor who has been the Surgeon General of the Israel Defense Forces, the Director General of Beilinson Medical Center, and - since 2012 - the President of Ariel University.

Rabin Medical Center
Rabin Medical Center (Hebrew: מרכז רפואי רבין) is a large general hospital located in Petah Tikva, Israel. It is owned and operated by Clalit Health Services, Israel's largest health maintenance organization. In January 1996, Beilinson Hospital and Hasharon Hospital were merged and renamed Rabin Medical Center. It has a capacity of 1,300 beds.
Charles Taylor Master Mechanic Award
The Charles Taylor Master Mechanic Award is an honor presented by the United States Federal Aviation Administration  in honor of Charles Taylor, the first aviation mechanic in powered flight. The award recognizes the lifetime accomplishments of senior aviation mechanics. Taylor served as the Wright brothers' mechanic and is credited with designing and building the engine for their first successful aircraft.

To be eligible for the award, a person must:

Have 50 years in aviation maintenance as an accredited mechanic or repairman

Be an FAA-certificated mechanic or repairman for a minimum of 30 years

Aircraft maintenance
Aircraft maintenance is the performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft or aircraft part, including overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of modifications, compliance with airworthiness directives and repair.
Mary Snell Rundle
Mary Snell Rundle RRC (1874 – 13 March 1937) was a British nursing reformer. She was the first ever Secretary of the Royal College of Nursing (founded in 1916) and co-ordinated the college's work for over 17 years.

Royal Red Cross
The Royal Red Cross (RRC) is a military decoration awarded in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth for exceptional services in military nursing. It was created in 1883, and the first two awards were to Florence Nightingale and Jane Cecilia Deeble. Deeble had served in Zulu Kingdom and the Colony of Natal during the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879, and she had noted that the work of the nurses was not recognised officially.
Eric Flint
Eric Flint (February 6, 1947 – July 17, 2022) was an American author, editor, and e-publisher. The majority of his works are alternate history science fiction, but he also wrote humorous fantasy adventures. His works have been listed on The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and Locus magazine best-seller lists. He was a co-founder and editor of the Baen Free Library.

Locus (magazine)
Locus: The Magazine of The Science Fiction & Fantasy Field, founded in 1968, is an American magazine published monthly in Oakland, California. It is the news organ and trade journal for the English-language science fiction and fantasy fields. It also publishes comprehensive listings of all new books published in the genres (excluding self-published). The magazine also presents the annual Locus Awards. Locus Online was launched in April 1997, as a semi-autonomous web version of Locus Magazine.
Fauna of Connecticut
The fauna of Connecticut comprise a variety of animal species.

The state bird is the American robin.

The state insect is the European mantis.

The state animal is the sperm whale.

The state shellfish is the eastern oyster.

The state fish is the American shad.

The state fossil is the Eubrontes giganteus.

Eubrontes
Eubrontes is the name of fossilised dinosaur footprints dating from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. They have been identified from France, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Australia (Queensland), US, India, China and Brazil (South).

Eubrontes is the name of the footprints, identified by their shape, and not of the genus or genera that made them, which is as yet unknown but is presumed to be similar to Coelophysis or Dilophosaurus. They are most famous for their discovery in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts in the early 19th century. They, among other footprints, were the first known non-avian dinosaur tracks to be discovered in North America, though they were initially thought to have been made by large birds.
Camera interface
The Camera Interface block or CAMIF is the hardware block that interfaces with different image sensor interfaces and provides a standard output that can be used for subsequent image processing.

A typical Camera Interface would support at least a parallel interface although these days many camera interfaces are beginning to support the Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI) Camera Serial Interface (CSI) interface.

Camera Serial Interface
The Camera Serial Interface (CSI) is a specification of the Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI) Alliance. It defines an interface between a camera and a host processor.

The latest active interface specifications are: CSI-2 v4.2 (Dec 2025), CSI-3 v1.1 (March 2014), and CCS v1.1.1 (April 2023).
John Dowd (motorcyclist)
John Dowd (born August 10, 1965), also known as "the Junk Yard Dog", is an American former professional motocross racer. He competed in the AMA Supercross and Motocross Championships from 1987 to 2013.

AMA Supercross Championship
The AMA Supercross Championship (commercially known as Monster Energy AMA Supercross) is an American motorcycle racing series. Founded by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) in 1974, the AMA Supercross Championship races are held from January through early May. Supercross is a variant of motocross which involves off-road motorcycles on a constructed dirt track consisting of steep jumps and obstacles; the tracks are usually constructed inside a sports stadium. The easy accessibility and comfort of these stadium venues helped supercross surpass off-road motocross as a spectator attraction in the United States by the late 1970s.

From 2002 until 2021, the series was the World Championship of the sport. After not renewing its contract with the FIM, the series, along with the AMA Motocross Championship, formed the SuperMotocross World Championship from 2023.
Fiat 28-40 HP
The  Fiat 28-40 HP, also known as the Fiat Targa Florio Corsa, is a Grand Prix racing car manufactured by Fiat in 1906 and 1907. From 1907 through 1910, the design evolved into commercial production vehicles, including cars, light trucks, and buses.

Grand Prix motor racing
Grand Prix motor racing, a form of motorsport competition, has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as early as 1894. It quickly evolved from simple road races from one town to the next, to endurance tests for car and driver. Innovation and the drive of competition soon saw speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), but because early races took place on open roads, accidents occurred frequently, resulting in deaths both of drivers and of spectators. A common abbreviation used for Grand Prix racing is "GP" or "GP racing".

The Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus, founded in Paris, on 20 June 1904, reorganised as Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), in 1947, headquartered in Paris. Each event of the Formula One World Championships is still called a Grand Prix; Formula One is also referred to as "Grand Prix racing". Some IndyCar championship races are also called "Grands Prix".
Husayn Burujardi
Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Ali Tabatabaei Borujerdi (Luri/Persian: آیت الله العظمی سید حسین طباطبایی بروجردی; 23 March 1875 – 30 March 1961) was an Iranian Twelver Shia cleric and marja' of Iran from 1947 to his death in 1961. He was a major proponent for the elimination of Baha'is in Iran.

Marja'
Marja' (Arabic: مرجع, romanized: marjiʿ ; plural marājiʿ ; lit. 'source to follow'  or 'religious reference') is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia religious cleric, with the authority given by a hawzah (a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated) to make legal decisions within the confines of Islamic law for followers and clerics below him in rank. The highest ranking marjiʿ is known as the marja al-mutlaq or marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq. A marji' is usually also a grand ayatollah.

Sources differ as to when the institution of the marja' emerged, with Murtadha al-Ansari (died 1864) and Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (died 940 or 941) both being called the first marja'.

As of 2023, there are more than 50 living maraji, almost all residing in Iran or Iraq.
Coming Apart (film)
Coming Apart is a 1969 American found footage psychological drama film written and directed by Milton Moses Ginsberg, and starring Rip Torn, Sally Kirkland, and Viveca Lindfors. The film follows a mentally disturbed psychiatrist (Torn) who surreptitiously films his encounters with women in a secretly rented apartment. The film was shot using one static camera setup, in a manner simulating a non-constructed "fake documentary" style, influenced by Jim McBride's David Holzman's Diary (1967). The film was rated X for its sexually explicit scenes.

In its original cut, the film featured the music of Jefferson Airplane. However, due to rights issues, the film was re-scored by Ginsberg and Francis Xavier for its home media releases.

X rating
An X rating is a film rating that indicates that the film contains content that is considered to be suitable only for adults. Films with an X rating may have scenes of graphic violence or explicit sexual acts that may be disturbing or offensive to some viewers. The X rating is used in different ways by different countries, and it may have legal or commercial implications for the distribution and exhibition of such films. For example, some countries may ban or restrict the sale or rental of X-rated films, while others may allow them only in specific theaters or with special taxes. Some countries may also have different criteria or definitions for what constitutes an X-rated film, and some may consider the artistic merit of the film as a factor in classification. The X rating has been renamed or replaced by other ratings in some countries over time.
Nichole Millage
Nichole Millage Faust (born March 27, 1977) is a former American Paralympic volleyballist (she retired in 2021 after the Tokyo Paralympics) and an Environmental Sustainability Specialist at the City of Champaign.

Champaign, Illinois
Champaign (/ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/ sham-PAYN) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population was 88,302 at the 2020 census. It is the tenth-most populous municipality in Illinois and the fourth most populous city in the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020.

Champaign shares the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Urbana, and is also home to Parkland College, which gives the city a large student population during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of technology startup companies, it is often referred to as a hub of the Illinois Silicon Prairie. Champaign houses offices for the Fortune 500 companies Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Caterpillar, John Deere, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, and State Farm. Champaign also serves as the headquarters for several companies, including Jimmy John's.
Salacca affinis
Salacca affinis, also known as red salak, red snakefruit salak, red snakefruit, buah ridan salak, buah ridan, linsum, salak hutan, buah manau, kelubi, buah rotan, and ridan, is a flowering shrub in the family Arecaceae. The specific epithet (affinis) comes from Latin "ad finis", meaning "at the boundary", and refers to its resemblance with the congener species Salacca zalacca.

Salak
Salak (Salacca zalacca) is a species of palm tree (family Arecaceae) native to Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. It is cultivated in other regions of Indonesia as a food crop or snack, and popularly grown in Bali, Lombok, Timor, Maluku, Sulawesi and Papua.
Director General of the European Union Military Staff
The Director General of the European Union Military Staff (abbr.  DGEUMS) is the head of the European Union Military Staff (EUMS) who also serves as Director of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (abbr.  Dir MPCC). This position, which was established in 2001, is held by a three-star general. The current holder is lieutenant general Michiel van der Laan, occupying the position since June 2023.

European Union Military Committee
The Military Committee of the European Union (EUMC) is the body of the European Union's (EU) Common Security and Defence Policy that is composed of member states' Chiefs of Defence (CHOD). These national CHODs are regularly represented in the EUMC in Brussels by their permanent Military Representatives (MilRep), who often are two- or three-star flag officers.

The EUMC is under the authority of the EU's High Representative (HR) and the Political and Security Committee (PSC).
Judith Matloff
Judith Matloff (born March 25, 1958) is an American writer, journalism professor and media safety advocate. Her books are How to Drag a Body and Other Safety Tips You Hope to Never Need (2020), No Friends but the Mountains (2017), Home Girl (2008), and Fragments of a Forgotten War (1997).

She teaches conflict reporting at the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism and previously served as the Africa and Moscow bureau chief for the Christian Science Monitor. Her writing has appeared in the New York Times Magazine and Book Review, The Economist, the Financial Times, Newsweek, the Sunday Telegraph, the Dallas Morning News and Columbia Journalism Review, among other places.

The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition. It was founded in 1908 as a daily newspaper by Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the new religious movement Christian Science, Church of Christ, Scientist.

Since its founding, the newspaper has been based in Boston. Over its existence, seven Monitor journalists have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, including Edmund Stevens  (1950), John Hughes (1968), Howard James (1968), Robert Cahn (1969), Richard Strout (1978), David S. Rohde (1996), and Clay Bennett (2002).