hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Davis Mountains State Park
Davis Mountains State Park is a 2,709-acre (1,096 ha) state park located in the Davis Mountains in Jeff Davis County, Texas, United States. The closest town is Fort Davis, Texas. The park is a "sky island" with an elevation between 5,000 and 6,000 ft (1,500 and 1,800 m) above sea level, and as such, gets more rainfall and cooler temperatures than the surrounding Chihuahuan Desert.

Original improvements including Indian Lodge, a full-service hotel, were accomplished by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in 1933. After this federal investment, the park was opened to the public around 1938. Indian Lodge was expanded and campground facilities were added by the state in 1967. The park and lodge are managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.

Jeff Davis County, Texas
Jeff Davis County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,996. Its county seat is Fort Davis. The county is named for Jefferson Davis, who served as the 23rd United States Secretary of War in the 1850s, and as Confederate president.

Jeff Davis County is recognizable for its unique shape; it is a pentagon that has no north–south nor east–west boundaries, save for a six-mile line serving as its southern boundary. It is the only county in the United States that touches a foreign country (Mexico) at a single point. Jeff Davis is one of the nine counties that compose the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas.

The county contains the 270,000-acre (1,100 km2) Texas Davis Mountains American Viticultural Area. About 50 acres (0.2 km2) are "under vine". The McDonald Observatory, owned by the University of Texas at Austin, is located near Fort Davis.
Walden Head
Walden Head is a hamlet in the Yorkshire Dales, North Yorkshire. It lies 5 miles (8 km) of Aysgarth and to the north is a similar village Walden. The village lies in the civil parish of Burton-cum-Walden.

The hamlet is bisected by Walden Beck which runs for 9 miles (14.3 km) from the watershed on Buckden Pike to Bishopdale Beck just before it flows under the A684 road in the valley. The road from West Burton peters out just south of the hamlet, but an old packhorse track goes over Buckden Pike and ends in the village of Starbotton.

Walden Head, like the other small settlements in the Walden Valley, have changed little over modern times. The Walden Valley is sometimes referred to as Waldendale, but this is not common. The name Walden means 'Valley of the Welsh'.

West Burton, North Yorkshire
West Burton is a village in Bishopdale, a side valley of Wensleydale, in the Yorkshire Dales, North Yorkshire, England. It lies 6.2 miles (10 km) south-west of Leyburn and 22.3 miles (35.9 km) west of the county town of Northallerton. It is the largest settlement in the civil parish of Burton-cum-Walden.
Ernst Schneider (communist)
Ernst Schneider (23 July 1883, Königsberg- 1963, Southend) was a German sailor who played an active part in the German Revolution of November 1918 and who participated in the Hamburg Uprising of October 1923. He remained active in the German Workers' movement until being arrested by the Gestapo in 1935. In 1939, he reached England, where he joined the Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation.

Schneider started worker as a harbourman, working on launches and lighters which did not leave the harbour. He joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), but soon moved on to become involved with anarcho-syndicalism, editing Der Kampf, the journal of the Hamburg Anarchist Federation.

Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation
The Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation (APCF) was a communist group in the United Kingdom. It was founded by the group around Guy Aldred's Spur newspaper – mostly former Communist League members – in 1921. They included John McGovern.
Lynchburg, Missouri
Lynchburg  is an unincorporated community in southeastern Laclede County, Missouri, United States. It is located at the intersection of Missouri routes 32 and 95, approximately 30 miles southeast of Lebanon.

A post office called Lynchburg was established in 1897, and remained in operation until 1996. The community has the name of David and R. D. Lynch, early settlers.

Laclede County, Missouri
Laclede County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,039. Its county seat is Lebanon. The county was organized February 24, 1849, and was named after Pierre Laclède, founder of St. Louis.

Laclede County comprises the Lebanon, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
TRACE (computer program)
TRACE is a high-precision orbit determination and orbit propagation program.  It was developed by The Aerospace Corporation in El Segundo, California. An early version  ran on the IBM 7090 computer in 1964.  The Fortran source code can be compiled for any platform with a Fortran compiler.

When Satellite Tool Kit's high-precision orbit propagator and parameter and coordinate frame transformations underwent an Independent Verification and Validation effort in 2000, TRACE v2.4.9 was the standard against which STK was compared.

As of 2013, TRACE is still used by the U.S. Government and some of its technical contractors.

The Aerospace Corporation
The Aerospace Corporation is an American nonprofit corporation that operates a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) providing independent technical oversight and objective analysis for U.S. national security space programs. The corporation provides technical guidance and advice on all aspects of space missions to military, civil, and commercial customers. Aerospace works closely with organizations such as the United States Space Force (USSF) and the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) to provide "objective technical analyses and assessments for space programs that serve the national interest". Although the USSF and NRO are primary customers, Aerospace performs work for civil agencies such as NASA and NOAA as well as international organizations and governments in the national interest. Aerospace, as part of its charter, also provides expertise to commercial entities, both established companies and startups, domestically and abroad.
2015 Aden car bombing
On 6 December 2015, a car bomb attack killed Aden governor, Major General Jaafar Mohammed Saad, and his entourage. Saad's caravan was traveling to his office in a western district of Aden.

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Yemen branch claimed responsibility for the car bomb. They described Saad as an oppressor and infidel and threatened further attacks in Yemen. The group stated that they detonated the bomb as Saad's convoy passed where the car was parked.

The explosion was powerful and was heard from 10 km away. Six bodyguards of Saad were killed and several people injured. Medics stated the victims bodies were unrecognizable. Photographs, supposedly of the attack, showed a burning, wrecked car.

The Islamic State released a video under Aden-Abyan Province media, which the bombing was part of it.

Islamic State – Yemen Province
The Islamic State – Yemen Province (IS-YP; Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية اليَمَن, romanized: ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah – Wilayat al-Yaman) is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State (IS), active in Yemen. IS announced the group's formation on 13 November 2014.
Cohesion Fund
The Cohesion Fund, one of the five European Structural and Investment Funds of the European Union, provides support to Member States with a gross national income per capita below 90% EU-27 average to strengthen the economic, social and territorial cohesion of the EU. Common regulatory provisions apply to the five ESIF funds, along with the Just Transition Fund, the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund, the Internal Security Fund and the Instrument for Financial Support for Border Management and Visa Policy.: Article 1

The fund's purpose includes support for investments in the environmental field and on Trans-European Networks in the area of transport infrastructure (TEN-T).: Preamble 22

European Structural and Investment Funds
The European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI Funds, ESIFs) are financial tools governed by a common rulebook, set up to implement the regional policy of the European Union, as well as the structural policy pillars of the Common Agricultural Policy and the Common Fisheries Policy. They aim to reduce regional disparities in income, wealth and opportunities. Europe's poorer regions receive most of the support, but all European regions are eligible for funding under the policy's various funds and programmes. The current framework is set for a period of seven years, from 2021 to 2027.
Bad Wildbad
Bad Wildbad (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈvɪltbaːt] ⓘ) is a town in Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located in the government district (Regierungsbezirk) of Karlsruhe and in the district (Landkreis) of Calw.  The current town of Bad Wildbad is an amalgamation of several communities brought together under local government reform in 1974. The member communities are Wildbad, Calmbach, Sprollenhaus, Nonnenmiß and Aichelberg, along with the hamlets of Hünerberg und Meistern. The town was named only Wildbad until 1991, when it was given its current name. "Bad" is German for "bath", a reference to the town's status as a spa town.

Spa town
A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons may visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits.

Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of the hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water. This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after.

The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy, which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths, and comes from the Belgian town Spa.
1964 NFL season
The 1964 NFL season was the 45th regular season of the National Football League. Before the season started, NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle reinstated Green Bay Packers running back Paul Hornung and Detroit Lions defensive tackle Alex Karras, who had been suspended for the 1963 season due to gambling.

Beginning this season, the home team in each game was allowed the option of wearing their white jerseys.  Since 1957, league rules had mandated that the visiting team wear white, and the home team wear colored jerseys.  The NFL also increased the regular season roster limit from 37 to 40 active players, which would remain unchanged for a decade.

The season ended when the Cleveland Browns shut out the Baltimore Colts 27–0 in the NFL Championship Game.

1963 NFL season
The 1963 NFL season was the 44th regular season of the National Football League.

On April 17, NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle suspended Green Bay Packers running back Paul Hornung and Detroit Lions defensive tackle Alex Karras indefinitely for gambling on their own teams, as well as other NFL games; Hornung and Karras would miss the entire season, while five of Karras' teammates were fined $2,000 each for placing bets on a game in which they did not participate.

This was the final season of the 37-man roster; it was expanded to forty for 1964.

The season ended with the Chicago Bears defeating the New York Giants at Wrigley Field in the NFL Championship Game.
Siddheshwar Prasad
Siddheshwar Prasad (19 January 1929 – 22 January 2023) was an Indian politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Nalanda Constituency of Bihar in the 1962, 1967, and 1971 general elections. He was earlier a Professor at Nalanda College in Bihar. He was the Governor of Tripura from June 1995 to June 2000.

Prasad has spotlighted the Kurmi community to which the Bihar Chief Minister belongs.

Prasad died in Patna, Bihar on 22 January 2023, three days after his 94th birthday.

Nalanda College, Biharsharif
Nalanda College, Biharsharif is a college in Bihar Sharif, the district headquarters of Nalanda District in Bihar state, India. It is a constituent unit of Patliputra University. It was established in 1870, and is one of the oldest colleges of north India. Its catchment area includes nearby villages and small towns in Bihar Sharif. The Government of India issued stamps with its picture in 1970 to mark its centenary. This college offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in science, commerce and arts.
Partition of a set
In mathematics, a partition of a set is a grouping of its elements into non-empty subsets, in such a way that every element is included in exactly one subset.

Every equivalence relation on a set defines a partition of this set, and every partition defines an equivalence relation. A set equipped with an equivalence relation or a partition is sometimes called a setoid, typically in type theory and proof theory.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Long Melford–Bury St Edmunds branch line
The Long Melford–Bury St Edmunds branch line was a railway between Long Melford on the Stour Valley Railway and Bury St Edmunds on the Ipswich to Ely Line.  The line opened on 9 August 1865 and closed to passengers on 10 April 1961 and freight on 19 April 1965.

Long Melford
Long Melford, colloquially and historically also referred to as Melford, is a large village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is on Suffolk's border with Essex, which is marked by the River Stour, 3 miles (4.8 km) from Sudbury, approximately 16 miles (26 km) from Colchester and 14 miles (23 km) from Bury St Edmunds. It is one of Suffolk's "wool towns" and is a former market town. The parish also includes the hamlets of Bridge Street and Cuckoo Tye. In 2011 the parish had a population of 3918.

Its name is derived from the nature of the village's layout (originally concentrated along a 3-mile stretch of a single road) and the Mill ford crossing the Chad Brook (a tributary of the River Stour).
Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers
The Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers is a peer-reviewed annual academic journal covering education and research in geography. It is an official journal of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers (APCG) and was established in 1935. It has been published  annually except during the war years of 1943–1946. Its first editor-in-chief was Otis Willard Freeman (Eastern Washington University; vols. 1–5, 1935–1940). Its longest-serving editor was Darrick Danta (California State University, Northridge; vols. 59–68, 1997–2006). The current editor is James Craine (California State University, Northridge).

From 1965 through 1996 (vols. 27–58) the yearbook was published by Oregon State University Press, from 1997 through 1999 (vols. 59–61) by the APCG, and since 2000 (vol. 62) by the University of Hawaiʻi Press. Its first electronic edition appeared in 2004 on Project MUSE.

University of Hawaiʻi Press
The University of Hawaiʻi Press is a university press that is part of the University of Hawaiʻi.

The University of Hawaiʻi Press was founded in 1947, publishing research in all disciplines of the humanities and natural and social sciences in the regions of Asia and the Pacific. In addition to scholarly monographs, the press publishes educational materials and reference works such as dictionaries, language texts, classroom readers, atlases, and encyclopedias.

The press is currently a member of the Association of University Presses.
Josiah Quincy House
The Josiah Quincy House /ˈkwɪnzi/, located at 20 Muirhead Street in the Wollaston neighborhood of Quincy, Massachusetts, was the country home of Revolutionary War soldier Colonel Josiah Quincy I, the first in a line of six men named Josiah Quincy that included three Boston mayors and a president of Harvard University.

Wollaston (Quincy, Massachusetts)
42°16′00″N 71°00′52″W﻿ / ﻿42.26667°N 71.01444°W﻿ / 42.26667; -71.01444

Wollaston, Massachusetts, is a neighborhood in the city of Quincy, Massachusetts. Divided by Hancock Street or Route 3A, the Wollaston Beach side is known as Wollaston Park, while the Wollaston Hill side is known as Wollaston Heights.

It is bordered by North Quincy to the north, Quincy Bay to the east, Merrymount and Quincy Center to the southeast and south, and Milton, Massachusetts, to the west. Wollaston is served by the Wollaston Station on the B branch of the MBTA Red Line, which runs north-south from Cambridge, Massachusetts (Alewife), to Braintree, Massachusetts (Train Station).

Mount Wollaston, a similar-sounding 17th-century designation for Quincy, is now associated with a cemetery in the current neighborhood of Merrymount in Quincy.
1906–07 American Cup
The 1907 American Cup was the sixteenth edition of the soccer tournament organized by the American Football Association. The Clark Athletic Association won the final match against the Scottish Americans.

Clark A.A.
Clark Athletic Association, also known as East Newark Clark A.A., was a U.S. soccer team sponsored by the Clark Mile End Spool Cotton Company.  It spent two seasons in the National Association Football League where it was co-champion in 1909.
Infamous (Abandon All Ships album)
Infamous is the second studio album by Canadian electronicore band Abandon All Ships. It was released on July 3, 2012, through Rise Records. Infamous debuted at number 142 on the Billboard 200, selling more than 3,500 copies within its first week of release, while also reaching number 54 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

Abandon All Ships
Abandon All Ships was a Canadian post-hardcore band from Toronto, Ontario. Formed in 2006, it was signed domestically to Universal Music Canada via Underground Operations, along with an American deal to Rise Records and its imprint Velocity Records.
Al Khor Towers
25°41.303′N 51°30.371′E﻿ / ﻿25.688383°N 51.506183°E﻿ / 25.688383; 51.506183

The Al Khor Towers are three historical watchtowers found on Qatar's eastern coast, in the city of Al Khor. Having been built overlooking the Al Khor Harbour, their purpose was defensive; not only keeping watch over incoming ships, but also positioned to observe the Ain Hleetan Well. This particular well, believed to confer magical properties unto those who nourished themselves with its water, was the primary lifeline for settlement at Al Khor.

Al Khor (city)
Al Khor (Arabic: الخور, romanised: Al Khawr) is a coastal city in northeast Qatar, located 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the capital Doha. Considered one of Qatar's largest cities, it is the capital of the municipality of Al Khor and Al Thakhira. Dating back to the 18th century, it is one of Qatar's oldest settlements. The name of the city, meaning creek in Arabic, emerged because the original settlement was built on a creek. Until the mid-1900s, it was known as Khor Al Shaqiq.

Originally a fishing and pearling village, much of Al Khor's recent growth has been due to its proximity to Qatar's northern oil and natural gas fields and to Ras Laffan Industrial City. Along with the neighbouring Al Khor Community, it hosts a large number of oil workers. Al Khor Island, an important archaeological and tourist site, is northeast of the city. It was also the venue for the opening game of the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Redlands United FC
Redlands United Football Club is an association football club based in Cleveland, Brisbane, Queensland. The club, formed in 1918, is one of the oldest soccer clubs in Queensland. It re-entered the top tier, Brisbane Premier League (BPL), in 2010 after merging with former Queensland State League (QSL) side Redland City Devils. In 2013 Redlands United gained a five-year licence for the new National Premier Leagues (NPL) competition which was renewed in 2018. Redlands United currently competes in the Queensland Premier League in 2025.

Cleveland, Queensland
Cleveland is a coastal and central locality in the City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Cleveland had a population of 15,850 people.

Its location makes it a transport hub for islands in Moreton Bay.
Fox Point, Providence, Rhode Island
Fox Point is a neighborhood in the East Side of Providence, Rhode Island.  It is bounded by the Providence and Seekonk rivers, Interstate 195 and the College Hill and Wayland neighborhoods. Fox Point is the southernmost neighborhood in the East Side area of Providence.

Fox Point retains much of its historical character, with housing stock dating from the 18th and 19th centuries in much of the neighborhood. Vernacular interpretations of the Federal, Greek Revival, and Italianate architectural styles are well represented West of Governor Street, while somewhat more recent construction dominates on Ives and Gano Streets.

Wayland Square
41°49′48″N 71°23′16″W﻿ / ﻿41.830106°N 71.387779°W﻿ / 41.830106; -71.387779

Wayland Square or simply Wayland is a neighborhood on the East Side of Providence, Rhode Island United States near Brown University and the Rhode Island School of Design.

The neighborhood's boundaries are Lloyd Avenue on the north, Seekonk River on the east, Pitman Street on the south, and Arlington Avenue and Governor Street on the west. It includes the Wayland Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, as well as the Blackstone Park Conservation District. It borders Blackstone, Fox Point, and College Hill neighborhoods.
The Life of Joseph W. McVey
The Life of Joseph W. McVey is the eighth studio album by American rapper Z-Ro. It was released on February 24, 2004, through Rap-A-Lot 4 Life/J. Prince Entertainment with distribution via Asylum Records. Recording sessions took place at Dean's List House of Hits in New York City, at Noddfactor Studios in Denton, and at M.A.D. Studios in Houston. Production was handled by Mike Dean, Mr. Lee, Bigg Tyme, Sean "Solo" Jemison and Tone Capone. The album features guest appearances from Trae tha Truth, Scarface and Tanya Herron. 
It peaked at number 170 on the Billboard 200 in the United States.

The track "I Hate U Bitch" was released as a single and reached number 75 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

Rap-A-Lot Records
Rap-A-Lot is a hip hop record label co-founded by James Prince and Cliff Blodget in 1986. Smoke-a-Lot Records is a subsidiary.

Rap-A-Lot was first distributed by A&M Records with the release of Raheem's 1988 debut The Vigilante. The label was distributed through the 1990s by EMI's Priority Records (1991–1994), Noo Trybe Records (1994-1998), and Virgin Records (1998–2002). In the 2000s, it was distributed by Asylum Records and then Fontana Distribution.

On August 22, 2013, Rap-A-Lot announced a distribution deal with RED Distribution.