hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Podophyllotoxin
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is the active ingredient in Podofilox, a medical cream used to treat genital warts and molluscum contagiosum. It is not recommended for HPV infections without external warts. It can be applied either by a healthcare provider or the patient themselves.

Podophyllotoxin is a non-alkaloid lignan extracted from the roots and rhizomes of plants of the genus Podophyllum. A less refined form known as podophyllum resin is also available, but has greater side effects.

Podophyllotoxin was first isolated in pure form in 1880 by Valerian Podwyssotzki (1818 – 28 January 1892), a Polish-Russian privatdozent at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) and assistant at the Pharmacological Institute there.

PPT is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Podophyllum
Podophyllum is a genus of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, native from Afghanistan to China, and from southeast Canada to the central and eastern United States. The genus was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.
USS Racine (LST-1191)
USS Racine (LST-1191) was the thirteenth of twenty Newport-class tank landing ships of the United States Navy (USN) which replaced the traditional bow door-design tank landing ships (LSTs). The second ship named after the city in Wisconsin, the ship was constructed by National Steel and Shipbuilding Company of San Diego, California. The LST was launched in 1970 and was commissioned in 1971. Racine was assigned to the United States west coast and deployed to the western Pacific Ocean during the Vietnam War. The ship was transferred to the Naval Reserve Force in 1981. The LST was decommissioned in 1993 and placed in reserve. Racine was struck from the Naval Vessel Register in 2008 and after an attempted sale to Peru failed, was discarded as a target ship during a sinking exercise in July 2018.

Newport-class tank landing ship
Newport-class tank landing ships were an improved class of tank landing ship (LST) designed for and employed by the United States Navy from 1969 to 2002. The ships were intended to provide substantial advantages over their World War II-era predecessors. Larger and faster than any previous LST design, they carried a ramp over the bow that allowed them to surpass 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), a goal of the United States amphibious forces. 27 were planned of which twenty were completed, the high number due to the demands of US force projection estimates. However, the arrival of the air-cushioned landing craft which allowed for over-the-horizon attacks made the class obsolete in the eyes of the United States Navy. Placed in reserve, twelve were eventually sold to foreign navies, while the remaining eight have since been decommissioned.
Letitia Elizabeth Landon
Letitia Elizabeth Landon (14 August 1802 – 15 October 1838) was an English poet and novelist, better known by her initials L.E.L. Her first major breakthrough came with The Improvisatrice and she developed the metrical romance towards the Victorian ideal of the Victorian monologue, influencing fellow English writers such as Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning, Alfred Tennyson and Christina Rossetti. Her influence can also be found in the United States, where she was very popular. Edgar Allan Poe regarded her genius as self-evident.

In spite of her wide influence, due to the perceived immorality of Landon's lifestyle, her works were largely ignored or misrepresented after her death. Landon's writings are emblematic of the transition from Romanticism to Victorian literature.

Christina Rossetti
Christina Georgina Rossetti (5 December 1830 – 29 December 1894) was an English writer of romantic, devotional and children's poems, including "Goblin Market" and "Remember". She also wrote the words of two Christmas carols well known in Britain: "In the Bleak Midwinter", later set by Gustav Holst, Katherine Kennicott Davis, and Harold Darke, and "Love Came Down at Christmas", also set by Darke and other composers. She was a sister of the artist and poet Dante Gabriel Rossetti and features in several of his paintings, including Ecce Ancilla Domini! (1850). Some of her early poetry, such as "Goblin Market", was influenced by the Pre-Raphaelite movement.
Bolesław Taborski
Bolesław Taborski (7 May 1927 – 6 December 2010) was a Polish poet, literary and drama theoretician, essayist, prolific translator of English and Polish, and a long serving BBC Polish Section editor and presenter. He chronicled and translated into English the work of some of the most notable Poles of the Post-war era of the 20th century, such as Lech Wałęsa, Jan Kott, and Jerzy Grotowski. His undoubted influence on modern theatre has yet to be assessed in detail. He had a personal friendship with Pope John Paul II which grew out of their shared interest in literature and the fact that Taborski was his literary translator into English.

Jan Kott
Jan Kott (October 27, 1914 – December 22, 2001) was a Polish political activist, critic and theoretician of the theatre. A leading proponent of Stalinism in Poland for nearly a decade after the Soviet takeover, Kott renounced his Communist Party membership in 1957 following the anti-Stalinist Polish October of 1956. He defected to the United States in 1965. He is regarded as having considerable influence upon Western productions of Shakespeare in the second half of the 20th century.
Austin Appleby
Austin Michael Appleby (born June 4, 1993) is an American football coach and former quarterback. He was most recently the wide receivers coach for UAB. He played college football at Purdue University from 2012 to 2015 for coaches Danny Hope and Darrell Hazell, before graduate transferring to the University of Florida where here he played for coach Jim McElwain in 2016 and played in the Alliance of American Football in 2019. He was a consensus 3-star high school prospect as a senior.

Jim McElwain
James Frank McElwain (born March 1, 1962) is an American former football coach. He was the head football coach at Central Michigan University, a position he held from 2019 to 2024. He announced his retirement at the end of the 2024 season and remained at CMU within the athletics department.  McElwain served as the head football coach at the University of Florida from 2015 to 2017, and Colorado State University from 2012 to 2014, where he was named the Mountain West Conference Coach of the Year in 2014. He was the offensive coordinator at the University of Alabama from 2008 to 2011.
Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen
Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen (French: Charles-Henri-Othon de Nassau-Siegen; 5 January 1743 – 10 April 1808), was a French-born fortune-seeker and adventurer active in Spain, Poland and the Russian Empire. A controversial figure, he was best known as Catherine II's least successful naval commander.

Charles Henry, in Catherine II's own words, "had everywhere the reputation of a crazy fellow". He sailed around the world with Bougainville, "fought tigers bare-handed" in Central Africa and reportedly seduced the Queen of Tahiti. His tiger hunt is the subject of a vast canvas by Francesco Casanova.

Louis Antoine de Bougainville
Louis-Antoine, Comte de Bougainville (French: [buɡɛ̃vil]; 12 November 1729 – 31 August 1811) was a French military officer and explorer. After having served in the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War, Bougainville later gained fame for his expeditions, including a circumnavigation of the globe in a scientific expedition in 1763, the first recorded settlement on the Falkland Islands, and voyages into the Pacific Ocean. Bougainville Island of Papua New Guinea as well as the flowering plant Bougainvillea are named in his honour.
Ronald Bladen
Ronald Bladen  (July 13, 1918 – February 3, 1988) was a Canadian-born American painter and sculptor. He is particularly known for his large-scale sculptures. His artistic stance, was influenced by European Constructivism, American Hard-Edge Painting, and sculptors such as Isamu Noguchi and David Smith. Bladen in turn had stimulating effect on a circle of younger artists including Carl Andre, Donald Judd, Sol LeWitt and others, who repeatedly referred to him as one of the 'father figures' of Minimal Art.

Sol LeWitt
Solomon "Sol" LeWitt (September 9, 1928 – April 8, 2007) was an American artist linked to various movements, including conceptual art and minimalism.

LeWitt came to fame in the late 1960s with his wall drawings and "structures" (a term he preferred to "sculptures") but was prolific in a wide range of media including drawing, printmaking, photography, painting, installation, and artist's books. He has been the subject of hundreds of solo exhibitions in museums and galleries around the world since 1965. The first biography of the artist, Sol LeWitt: A Life of Ideas, by Lary Bloom, was published by Wesleyan University Press in the spring of 2019.
Naphthylpropylaminopentane
1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-propylaminopentane (NPAP), also known as 2-naphthyl-α,N-dipropylphenethylamine, is a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE) of the α-propylphenethylamine and naphthylaminopropane families related to phenylpropylaminopentane (PPAP). It is the analogue of PPAP in which the phenyl ring has been replaced with a naphthalene ring. MAEs are agents that enhance the action potential-mediated release of monoamine neurotransmitters. NPAP is a MAE of norepinephrine and dopamine but not of serotonin. Its potency is similar to that of PPAP. As with PPAP, the (–)-enantiomer of NPAP is more potent as a MAE. Like PPAP, it is inactive as a classical monoamine releasing agent. NPAP was developed by József Knoll and colleagues and was first described in 2001.

Α-Propylphenethylamine
α-Propylphenethylamine (APPEA or α-Pr-PEA), also known as 1-phenyl-2-aminopentane, is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families. It is the analogue of the β-phenethylamine (PEA) derivatives amphetamine (α-methylphenethylamine; "AMPEA") and phenylisobutylamine (α-ethylphenethylamine; AEPEA) in which the α-alkyl chain has been further lengthened to be a propyl group.
Divided (American game show)
Divided is an American television game show broadcast by Game Show Network (GSN) based on the British series of the same name. Each episode consists of four contestants playing as one team who must agree on answers to questions they are given. The longer it takes the team to come to an agreement, the less money the team earns for each question. The series, hosted by Mike Richards, premiered January 19, 2017, and concluded May 8, 2018.

Some critics believed that the show's name and timing were appropriate given the tumultuous preceding presidential election and its premiere date coming the day before the inauguration of Donald Trump.

Divided (British game show)
Divided is a British game show that aired on ITV from 18 May 2009 to 7 May 2010. It was hosted by Andrew Castle with Charlotte Hudson as the Question Master for Series 1 and Rachel Pierman as the Question Master for Series 2.
Thomson EF936x
The Thomson EF936x series is a type of Graphic Display Processor (GDP) by Thomson-EFCIS. The chip could draw at 1 million pixels per second, which was relatively advanced for the time of its release (1982 or earlier). There are various versions of the chip with slightly different capabilities.

The first version, EF9364 CRT Processor, was introduced in 1981.

In 1982 Commodore released a "High Resolution Graphics" board for the PET based on the EF9365 and EF9366 chips, allowing it to display 512 × 512 or 512 × 256 resolution graphics. The EF9366 was also used on the SMP-E353 graphic card for the Siemens SICOMP computer series and on the NDR-Klein-Computer introduced in 1984.

Version EF9369, introduced in 1984, was used on computers such as the Thomson MO5NR, MO6, TO8, TO9 and TO9+, and from 1985 to 1989 on the DAI Personal Computer.

Thomson TO9
The Thomson TO9 is a home computer introduced by French company Thomson SA in 1985.

It's based on the Thomson TO7/70 with new features. It included a built-in 320 Kb 3.5" floppy drive unit, and inputs for light pen, joystick, and mouse. The ROM included some utilities like: two BASIC versions (BASIC 1.0 and BASIC 128), a word processor (Paragraphe) and a database program (Fiche & Dossiers).

The machine was compatible with the previous TO7 and TO7/70 models.

Introduced in October 1985, the Thomson TO9 was quickly replaced with the Thomson TO9+ that came out in 1986. Ten games were released for the TO9.
Colette Freedman
Colette Freedman (born November 19, 1969) is a playwright, screenwriter, novelist, and actress. She wrote the internationally produced and acclaimed play Sister Cities, which starred Jill Gascoine in its 2008 run at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. She adapted this play into both a novel and a film of the same name, Sister Cities (2016), featuring Jacki Weaver, Alfred Molina, Stana Katic, Troian Bellisario, Michelle Trachtenberg, Amy Smart  and Jess Weixler. She is known for writing indie movies including And Then There Was Eve (2017), which won The Los Angeles Film Festival, and 7,000 Miles (2023) starring Wendie Malick and Juliet Mills.

Stana Katic
Stana Katić (/ˈstɑːnə ˈkætɪk/; born (1978-04-26)April 26, 1978) is a Canadian and American actress. She played Kate Beckett on the ABC television romantic crime series Castle (2009–2016) and FBI Special Agent Emily Byrne in the psychological thriller series Absentia (2017–2020).
Haviryaga
The Haviryaga (ISO: Haviryāga) or Haviryagna  (Sanskrit: हविर्यज्ञ, romanized: Haviryajña) is a Hindu ritual. It is a type of Yajna associated with the Vedic sacrifices of uncooked offering, and regarded to achieve various spiritual and material benefits.

The term "Haviryaga" means "a sacrifice in which havis, i.e. uncooked food is used" . Unlike other types of sacrifices, such as Somayajna, which involve the offering of soma juice, a Haviryaga utilizes food materials such as rice, barley, ghee, and milk. The main purpose of such sacrifices is to invoke blessings and ensure material prosperity and happiness in life.

Somayajna
The Somayajna (Sanskrit: सोमयज्ञ, romanized: Somayajña) or Somayaga (ISO: Sōmayāga) or Soma sacrifice is a Hindu ritual. It is a type of Yajna associated with the lunar cycle, and regarded to be performed for the maintenance of the cosmic order.

This ritual is based on methods described in the Vedas. Soma is used as the main offering in this Yajna, regarded to be able to propitiate deities. It is prescribed to be performed only by the Brahmanas. A priest who performs this Yajna is termed as a Somayaji.
Strikeout looking
In baseball or softball, a strikeout looking is a strikeout in which a batter, having incurred two strikes already, does not swing on their third strike called by the umpire — meaning the batter does not attempt to hit a pitch called as being within the strike zone. In scorekeeping, strikeouts are a statistic often denoted by the letter "K", with strikeouts looking being sometimes denoted by a reversed K ("ꓘ"). Though the pitcher records a strikeout looking, it can also be said that the batter was "caught looking" when struck out in this manner.

Strike zone
In baseball, the strike zone is the area of space through which a pitch must pass in order to be called a strike even if the batter does not swing. The strike zone is defined as the volume of space above home plate and between the batter's knees and the midpoint of his torso. Whether a pitch passes through the zone is decided by an umpire, who is generally positioned behind the catcher.

Strikes are desirable for the pitcher and the fielding team, as three strikes result in a strikeout of that batter. A pitch that misses the strike zone is called a ball if the batter does not swing at it. Balls are desirable for the batter and the batting team, as four balls allow the batter to take a "walk" to first base as a base on balls.
Doone Kennedy
Lorna Doone Pleasance Kennedy AO (10 May 1927 – 30 August 2014) was an Australian politician and civic leader who served as the Lord Mayor of Hobart, the capital of Tasmania, from 1986 until 1996. Kennedy was the first woman to be elected Lord Mayor of Hobart and remained the city's only female mayor until the election of Sue Hickey in 2014.

Sue Hickey
Susanne Lynnette Hickey (born 25 July 1958) is an Australian politician. She represented the electorate of Denison (later re-named Clark) from the 2018 state election until her defeat at the 2021 election, sitting with the Liberal Party until March 2021, when she quit the party and became an independent. Hickey is currently Mayor of the City of Glenorchy.

At the time of the election Hickey had been Speaker of the Tasmanian House of Assembly since May 2018, having unexpectedly won the Speaker position with the support of the opposition Labor and Greens parties over the Liberal government's nominee Rene Hidding. She previously served as Lord Mayor of Hobart from 2014 until 2018.
Czech studies
Bohemistics, also known as Czech studies, is the field of humanities that researches, documents and disseminates Czech language and literature in both its historic and present-day forms. The common Czech name for the field is bohemistika. A researcher in the field is usually called a "Bohemist".

Czech literature
Czech literature can refer to literature written in Czech, in the Czech Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia, earlier the Lands of the Bohemian Crown), or by Czech people. Most literature in the Czech Republic is now written in Czech, but historically, a considerable part of Czech literary output was written in other languages as well, including Latin and German.
Apple pie
An apple pie is a pie in which the principal filling is apples. It is often served with whipped cream, ice cream ("apple pie à la mode"), custard or cheddar cheese. It is generally double-crusted, with pastry both above and below the filling; the upper crust may be solid or latticed (woven of crosswise strips). The bottom crust may be baked separately ("blind") to prevent it from getting soggy. Tarte Tatin is baked with the crust on top, but served with it on the bottom.

Originating in the 14th century in England, apple pie recipes are now a standard part of cuisines in many countries where apples grow. Apple pie is a significant dessert in many countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden, Norway, Australia, Germany, New Zealand, and the United States.

Custard
Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency from a thin pouring sauce (crème anglaise) to the thick pastry cream (crème pâtissière) used to fill éclairs. The most common custards are used in custard desserts or dessert sauces and typically include sugar and vanilla; however, savory custards are also found, e.g., in quiche.
Cincinnati, Arkansas
Cincinnati is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in northwestern Washington County, Arkansas, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 306.

Cincinnati receives mail delivery from Summers. It is part of the Northwest Arkansas region.

Summers, Arkansas
Summers is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in far western Washington County, Arkansas, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 166.

The community has a postal designation (ZIP code 72769). It is part of the Northwest Arkansas region.
Jagjit Singh Aurora
Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora (or Arora), PVSM (13 February 1916 – 3 May 2005) was an Indian senior military officer who was the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) Eastern Command during the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He organised and led the ground forces campaign in the Eastern Front of the war, which led to an overwhelming defeat of the combined Pakistan Armed Forces in East-Pakistan that led to the creation of Bangladesh.

As the General commanding the Indian and Bangladesh Forces in the Eastern theater, Gen Aurora received the surrender from the Governor of East Pakistan and Commander of the Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army, Lt Gen A. A. K. Niazi.

After retirement from the Indian Army, he joined Akali Dal and served as a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Isabella of Savoy
Isabella of Savoy (2 March 1591 – 28 August 1626) was the daughter of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and Catherine Michelle of Spain. Her maternal grandparents were Philip II of Spain and Elisabeth of Valois, and her paternal grandparents were Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, and Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry. She was a Hereditary Princess of Modena who died before her husband became Duke of Modena in 1628.

Elisabeth of Valois
Elisabeth of France, or Elisabeth of Valois (Spanish: Isabel de Valois; French: Élisabeth de Valois; 2 April 1546 – 3 October 1568), was Queen of Spain as the third wife of Philip II of Spain. She was the eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.
Vladimir Bogos
Vladimir Bogos (born 1 April 1893, Boldureşti; died 1950) was a physician, journalist and Romanian politician who was part of the Bessarabian Parliament. On 27 March 1918 Vladimir Bogos voted the Union of Bessarabia with Romania.

Sfatul Țării
Sfatul Țării ("Council of the Country"; Romanian pronunciation: [ˈsfatul ˈt͡sərij]) was a council of political, public, cultural, and professional organizations in the Governorate of Bessarabia in Tsarist Russia.  This became a legislative body which established the Moldavian Democratic Republic as part of the Russian Federative Republic in December 1917. and then union with Romania in April [O.S. March] 1918.
Arkansas Highway 168
Arkansas Highway 168 (AR 168 and Hwy. 168) is an east–west state highway in Greene County, Arkansas. The route of 8.59 miles (13.82 km) runs from Highway 228 east through Crowley's Ridge State Park to US Route 412 (US 412). A segment of the route composes the Crowley's Ridge Parkway.

Arkansas Highway 228
Highway 228 (AR 228, Ark. 228, and Hwy. 228) is a designation for two state highways in Northeast Arkansas. One route of 4.50 miles (7.24 km) begins at County Road 534 (CR 534) at Clover Bend and runs east to Highway 367 in Minturn. A second route of 15.84 miles (25.49 km) begins at Highway 91 and runs northeast to US Highway 412 (US 412) at Light. Both routes are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).
Jaswinder Singh Sandhu (general)
Lieutenant General Jaswinder Singh Sandhu, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, VSM was the Military Secretary of the Indian Army and assumed office on 01 February 2018. He was the 46th Commander, XV Corps of the Indian Army and was in office from 1 November 2016 to 31 January 2018. He assumed the post from Lt General Satish Dua and was succeeded by Lt General Anil Kumar Bhatt.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.