hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Victims' rights
Victims' rights are generally defined as legal entitlements afforded to victims of crime. They vary according to the legal jurisdiction within which they are applied and are dependent on several variants including societal, cultural, political, socio-economic and geographical. Victims's rights belong to the public law sphere, and relate to criminal justice proceedings, constitutional law and restorative justice. Victims' rights must be aligned with international human rights law and in particular the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Examples include the right to restitution, the right to a victims' advocate, and the right not to be excluded from criminal justice proceedings. A key principle underlying victims' rights is the need to avoid secondary victimisation in their implementation particularly when victims' are called to take a role in criminal justice proceedings.

Victimology
Victimology is the study of victimization, including the psychological effects on victims, the relationship between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system—that is, the police and courts, and corrections officials—and the connections between victims and other social groups and institutions, such as the media, businesses, and social movements.
Munged password
A munged password (pronounced /ˈmʌndʒd/) refers to the practice of creating a password with common replacement strategies such as replacing 'S' with '$' or '5'. This can be seen as an application of leet speak.

There is a perception that munged passwords are more secure, but modern password cracking tools include rules to account for character substitutions. Mungeing or leet speak has a minimal effect on password security when uncommon ("low-frequency") substitutions are used, but may decrease password security by providing a false sense of complexity.

"Munge" is sometimes backronymmed as Modify Until Not Guessed Easily. The usage differs significantly from "mung" (Mash Until No Good), as munging implies destruction of data, whereas mungeing implies that the original data can be reconstructed.

Leet
Leet (or "1337"), also known as eleet, leetspeak, or simply hacker speech, is a system of modified spellings used primarily on the Internet. It often uses character replacements in ways that play on the similarity of their glyphs via reflection or other resemblance. Additionally, it modifies certain words on the basis of a system of suffixes and alternative meanings. There are many dialects or linguistic varieties in different online communities.

The term "leet" is derived from the word elite, used as an adjective to describe skill or accomplishment, especially in the fields of online gaming and computer hacking. The leet lexicon includes spellings of the word as 1337 or leet.
Tsai Chuen-horng
Tsai Chuen-horng (traditional Chinese: 蔡春鴻; simplified Chinese: 蔡春鸿; pinyin: Cài Chūnhóng; born 11 March 1950) is a Taiwanese nuclear engineer. He was the Minister and Chairman of the Atomic Energy Council of the Executive Yuan from 2008 to 2016.

Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with designing and applying systems that utilize the energy released by nuclear processes.
The most prominent application of nuclear engineering is the generation of electricity. Worldwide, some 439 nuclear reactors in 31 countries generate 10 percent of the world's energy through nuclear fission. In the future, it is expected that nuclear fusion will add another nuclear means of generating energy. Both reactions make use of the nuclear binding energy released when atomic nucleons are either separated (fission) or brought together (fusion). The energy available is given by the binding energy curve, and the amount generated is much greater than that generated through chemical reactions. Fission of 1 gram of uranium yields as much energy as burning 3 tons of coal or 600 gallons of fuel oil, without adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Castle Freak (2020 film)
Castle Freak is a 2020 American horror film that was directed by Tate Steinsiek. It is a remake of the 1995 Stuart Gordon film by the same name, which is a loose adaptation of the stories "The Outsider" and "The Dunwich Horror" by H.P. Lovecraft.

The Dunwich Horror
"The Dunwich Horror" is a cosmic horror short story by American writer H. P. Lovecraft. Written in 1928, it was first published in the April 1929 issue of Weird Tales (pp. 481–508). It takes place in Dunwich, a fictional town in Massachusetts. It is considered one of the core stories of the Cthulhu Mythos.
Willem Louw
Lieutenant-General Willem Petrus Louw SSA SM (Bloemhof,: 255  24 November 1920 – 4 July 1980) was a South African military commander.  He joined the South African Army in the Special Service Battalion in 1938,: 94  and served in Italy in World War II.

Star of South Africa (1952)
The Star of South Africa, post-nominal letters SSA, is a military decoration for merit which was instituted by the Union of South Africa from 1952 to 1975. It was awarded to general and flag officers of the South African Defence Force for exceptionally meritorious service. The Star of South Africa was discontinued on 1 July 1975, when a new set of orders, decorations and medals was instituted.
Athens-Clarke County Library
The Athens-Clarke County Library is the headquarters and main branch of the Athens Regional Library System. It is located in Athens-Clarke County, Georgia . The structure contains two stories that are open to the public. It contains a YA Department, Children's Department, and Heritage Room, which maintains a local archival collection about Clarke and surrounding counties.

Athens Regional Library System
The Athens Regional Library System (ARLS) is a consortium of 11 public libraries across five counties, comprising the Athens – Clarke County metropolitan area as well as Franklin County in northeast Georgia, United States.

The ARLS is a member of PINES, a statewide public library that includes, as of 2017, 300 member libraries covering 146 counties in Georgia. Any member of the ARLS will receive a PINES library card which grants them access to over 8 million books in the PINES circulation. The library is also a member of the Georgia Library Learning Online (GALILEO) which is a resource with over 100 databases for active members to view thousands of journals and scholarly articles. In 2008, the library began to offer patrons access to downloadable audiobooks through the Georgia Download Destination. This service expanded to eBooks in 2011.
Henry Aguda
Henry Rhoel Aguda is a Filipino business executive who has served as the fourth secretary of information and communications technology since 2025.   A graduate of the University of the Philippines Diliman, Aguda began his career in the private sector, having held senior roles in Meralco and the UnionDigital Bank. As secretary, he has cited the expansion National Broadband Plan and the acceleration of the Free Wi-Fi for All Program as his key priorities.

UnionBank (Philippines)
Union Bank of the Philippines, Inc., more commonly known as UnionBank, is one of the universal banks in the Philippines and the ninth largest bank in the country by assets.

UnionBank is a joint consortium among the Aboitiz Group, Insular Life, and the Social Security System. It started operations in 1981 and became a commercial bank on January 19, 1982. In July 1992, UnionBank was granted the license to operate as a universal bank.
2024 West Sumatra gubernatorial election
The 2024 West Sumatra gubernatorial election was held on 27 November 2024 as part of nationwide local elections to elect the governor and vice governor of West Sumatra for a five-year term. The previous election was held in 2020. Incumbent Governor Mahyeldi Ansharullah of the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) won re-election in a landslide with 77% of the vote. His sole opponent, former Solok Regent Epyardi Asda of the National Mandate Party (PAN), received 22%.

National Mandate Party
The National Mandate Party (Indonesian: Partai Amanat Nasional), frequently abbreviated to PAN, is a non-sectarian, religion-based political party in Indonesia.

It was founded by the modernist strand of Muslim society in Indonesia, including Amien Rais, the chairman of the Muhammadiyah organization, during the Indonesian Revolution. The party contested the 2009 elections under the chairmanship of Sutrisno Bachir. It is described as a nationalist Muslim party. It also upholds the Pancasila doctrine.

In 2014, the party obtained 7.59 percent of the popular vote, which is an increase from 6.03 percent in 2009 and 6.44 percent in 2004.
Jinsei
Jinsei (人生; literally "(Human) Life"), subtitled La Bonne Vie (The Good Life in French), is a Japanese light novel series written by Ougyo Kawagishi and illustrated by Meruchi Nanase. Ten volumes were published by Shogakukan from January 2012 to March 2015 under their Gagaga Bunko imprint. A manga adaptation was serialized in Shogakukan's Monthly Sunday Gene-X magazine from February 2014 to March 2015, and was collected into three tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Feel aired from July to September 2014 under the title Life Counselling TV Animation "Jinsei" (人生相談テレビアニメーション「人生」, Jinsei Sōdan Terebi Animēshon "Jinsei"). Funimation licensed the series under the English title Jinsei - Life Consulting.

Feel (animation studio)
Feel, Inc. (有限会社フィール, Yūgen-gaisha Fiiru; stylized as feel.) is a Japanese animation studio founded in 2002. The studio is a subsidiary of Fun-Media, a Holdings company, who also owns animation studios Assez Finaud Fabric and Zexcs, which are also located in the same building as Feel.
Samyukt Kisan Morcha
Samyukta Kisan Morcha (SKM) (lit. 'Joint Farmers' Force'  or 'United Farmers Front'), formed in November 2020, is a coalition of over forty Indian farmers' unions to coordinate satyagraha (non-violent resistance) against the three farm acts initiated by the central government in September of the same year.

In opposing the three farm laws, the SKM asserted that laws were an unwelcome imposition on the farmers, violated the constitution, were anti-farmer and pro-big business.

All India Kisan Sabha
All India Kisan Sabha (abbr. AIKS; lit. All India Farmers Union, also known as the Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha) is the peasant or farmers' wing of the Communist Party of India, an important peasant movement formed by Sahajanand Saraswati in 1936.
CoreCard Corporation
CoreCard Corporation is an American financial technology company based in Norcross, Georgia. Before 2021, it was named Intelligent Systems Corporation and once sold portable computers, video terminals, expansion cards, and other peripherals through a variety of manufacturing subsidiaries.

Founded in 1973, the firm restructured as a master limited partnership in 1987, becoming Intelligent Systems Master Limited Partnership. In the 1990s, Intelligent Systems pivoted into providing venture capital for start-up technology firms, changing its name back to Intelligent Systems Corporation.

In 2021, the company changed its name to CoreCard Corporation, following another pivot to fintech. On October 30, 2025, Euronet Worldwide completed the purchase of the Georgia-based firm for approximately $260 million.

Financial technology
Financial technology (abbreviated as fintech) refers to the application of innovative technologies to products and services in the financial industry. This broad term encompasses a wide array of technological advances in financial services, including mobile banking, online lending platforms, digital payment systems, robo-advisors, and blockchain-based applications such as cryptocurrencies. Financial technology companies include both startups and established technology and financial firms that aim to improve, complement, or replace traditional financial services.
Aspidorhynchidae
Aspidorhynchidae (from Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís), meaning "shield", and ῥύγχος (rhúnkos), meaning "snout") is an extinct family of ray-finned fish from the Mesozoic Era. It is the only member of the monotypic order Aspidorhynchiformes. Members of the group are noted for their elongated, conical rostrums, of varying length, formed from fused premaxillae. The range of the group extends from the Middle Jurassic to the end of the Maastrichtian, with a potential record from the Late Paleocene. The family and order were described by Pieter Bleeker in 1859.

Premaxilla
The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammals has been usually termed as the incisive bone. Other terms used for this structure include premaxillary bone or os premaxillare, intermaxillary bone or os intermaxillare, and Goethe's bone.
Elizabeth Clarke
Elizabeth Clarke (c. 1565–1645), alias Bedinfield, was the first woman persecuted by the Witchfinder General, Matthew Hopkins in 1645 in Essex, England. At 80 years old, she was accused of witchcraft by local tailor John Rivet. Hopkins and John Stearne took on the role of investigators, stating that they had seen familiars while watching her. During the process, she was deprived of sleep for multiple nights before confessing and implicating other women in the local area. She was tried at Chelmsford assizes, before being hanged for witchcraft.

John Stearne (witch-hunter)
John Stearne (c. 1610–1670) was an associate of self-styled "Witchfinder General" Matthew Hopkins, who was active during the English Civil War. The duo's activities were heavily fictionalized in the 1968 horror film Witchfinder-General (U.S. title: The Conqueror Worm). Stearne was known at various times as the witch-hunter, and "witch pricker".

Raised in Long Melford, Suffolk, Stearne later became a land owner at Lawshall near Bury St Edmunds. He met Hopkins, who was 10 years' his junior, in Manningtree and appointed him as his assistant. As a result of Stearne's accusations, a trial was held in Chelmsford in July 1645 for 29 people accused of witchcraft and sorcery. Of these, four had died in prison prior to the trial and 15 or 16 were subsequently hanged. Nine who had been convicted of conjuring spirits were reprieved.

Within a year of the death of Matthew Hopkins, John Stearne retired to his farm and wrote A Confirmation and Discovery of Witchcraft.
Daniel Gravius
Daniel Gravius (1616–1681) was a Dutch missionary to Formosa. He was a gifted linguist, who translated portions of the Bible and other Christian texts into the Siraya language. After falling out with Governor of Formosa Nicolas Verburg, he was accused of libel and censured.  Later he was completely exonerated and returned to his native Netherlands with his reputation intact.

Governor of Formosa
The governor of Formosa (Dutch: gouverneur van Formosa; Chinese: 台灣長官) was the head of government of Taiwan during the Dutch colonial period, which lasted from 1624 to 1662. Appointed by the governor-general of the Dutch East Indies in Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia), the governor of Formosa was empowered to legislate, collect taxes, wage war and declare peace on behalf of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and therefore by extension the Dutch state.

The governor's residence was in Fort Zeelandia on Tayouan.
Jon Stryker
Jon Lloyd Stryker (born c. 1958) is an American architect, philanthropist, and billionaire heir to the Stryker Corporation medical technology company fortune. Stryker is the founder and president of the Arcus Foundation, which primarily supports great ape conservation efforts and LGBT social justice, and has awarded over $500 million in grants. The threatened colobine species Rhinopithecus strykeri is named after him. According to Forbes, Stryker's net worth is estimated at $5.3 billion.

Stryker Corporation
Stryker Corporation is an American multinational medical technologies corporation based in Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States. The company's products are used for medical surgery and neurotechnology (60% of 2024 revenues), which include surgical equipment, patient and caregiver safety technologies, endoscopy systems, and patient handling, emergency medical equipment, and intensive care disposable products, as well as neurosurgical, neurovascular and oral and maxillofacial surgery implant products; and orthopedic surgery (40% of 2024 revenues), which includes implants used in total joint replacements, such as hip, knee and shoulder, and trauma and extremities surgeries. Stryker's products are sold in over 75 countries and are used by 150 million patients annually. In 2024, 75% of the company's revenues came from the United States.

The company is ranked 195th on the Fortune 500 and 331st on the Forbes Global 2000.
Atil, Sonora
Atil (also Átil) is a small town in Atil Municipality in the northwest of the Mexican state of Sonora.  The total area is 400.43 km² and the population of the municipality was 734 in 2005, of whom 699 lived in the municipal seat (2000).  Neighboring municipalities are Tubutama, Trincheras, Oquitoa, and Altar.

Tubutama
Tubutama is a town in the north-west of the Mexican state of Sonora. It serves as the seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name.

The municipal area is 1,351.60 km2 (521.86 sq mi), and the population was 1,798 in 2005.  The main economic activities are cattle raising (11,000 head in 2005) and subsistence farming.

Eusebio Kino, SJ, founded Mission San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama in 1691.  Tubutama was the headquarters of religious administration for the entire Pimería Alta during much of the Jesuit and Franciscan period of Spanish colonial rule.
2018 PGA Tour of Australasia
The 2018 PGA Tour of Australasia, titled as the 2018 ISPS Handa PGA Tour of Australasia for sponsorship reasons, was the 45th season on the PGA Tour of Australasia, the main professional golf tour in Australia and New Zealand since it was formed in 1973.

PGA Tour of Australasia
The PGA Tour of Australasia, currently titled as the Challenger PGA Tour of Australasia for sponsorship reasons, is a professional golf tour for men, owned and operated by the PGA of Australia. Official events on the tour count for World Golf Ranking points.
Ernest Black Struthers
Ernest Black Struthers (April 28, 1886 – May 22, 1977) was a Canadian physician, researcher, educator and medical missionary who worked in the Far East. Specifically, he accomplished most of his work in the Alice Memorial Hospital in Hong Kong, Cheeloo University in Jinan, China, and Severance Union Medical College in Seoul, Korea.  Additionally, he is known for his contributions to the treatment of kala-azar, including his published chapter in Cecil's Textbook of Medicine. He is described as a remarkable man, and a kind, outgoing, and endearing intellectual.

Severance Hospital
Severance Hospital is a teaching hospital located in Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun District, South Korea. It is one of the oldest and biggest university hospitals in South Korea. It has 2,437 beds and treats approximately 2,500,000 outpatients and 840,000 inpatients annually.

The hospital was founded as a royal hospital in 1885 by Horace N. Allen which was then restructured as Severance Hospital by Oliver R. Avison, a Canadian Christian medical missionary with the advisory of Underwood, his role model and financial assistance from Louis H. Severance. On September 23, 1904, Avison's hospital, Severance Hospital and College, first opened its doors. Since 1957 it has been affiliated with Yonsei University College of Medicine, and is part of the Yonsei University Health System.
2025 Santa Cruz, Laguna, local elections
Local elections were held in Santa Cruz, Laguna, on Monday, May 12, 2025, as part of the Philippine general election. The electorate will elect a town mayor, a town vice mayor, eight members of the Sangguniang Bayan, as well as two members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, a governor, a vice governor and a representative for the province's fourth congressional district to the House of Representatives. The officials who will be elected in the election will assume their respective offices on June 30, 2025, for a three-year term.

Laguna Provincial Board
The Laguna Provincial Board (Filipino: Sangguniang Panlalawigan ng Laguna) is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Laguna.

The members are elected via plurality-at-large voting: the province is divided into four legislative districts, the first and the second sending three members each and the third and fourth sending two members each; the number of the members the electorate votes depends on the number of members their district sends. The candidates with the highest number of votes in each district, depending on the number of members the district sends, are elected.

The districts used in appropriation of members is coextensive with the four legislative districts of Laguna, as well as the lone congressional districts of Biñan, Calamba, and Santa Rosa since 2025.
2019 World Beach Games
The 2019 World Beach Games, (Arabic: 2019 ألعاب شاطئ العالم) officially known as the ANOC World Beach Games Qatar 2019 and commonly known as Qatar 2019, was the inaugural edition of the international beach and water multi-sport event organized by the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC). It was held for five days from 11 to 16 October 2019, in Doha, Qatar, with 110 medals contested across 14 disciplines.

It had originally been scheduled to be hosted in San Diego, United States in 2017. However, after first being postponed to 2019, the Games were then relocated as the city had not generated sufficient private funds needed to stage the event. In June 2019, Doha was announced as the last-minute replacement host city.

Spain were the best performing nation, claiming seven gold medals ahead of Brazil's five; hosts Qatar finished with one medal (silver). ANOC declared the event a success; a survey of the participating NOCs rated the Games an average of 8.65 out of 10.

Association of National Olympic Committees
The Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) is an international organization that affiliates the current 206 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Every two years, it gathers all its members at the ANOC General Assembly, in which the ANOC Awards are awarded to NOCs and their athletes since 2014. The association organises the ANOC World Beach Games, a multi-sport event held every two years.
Weetwood
53°50′20″N 1°35′17″W﻿ / ﻿53.839°N 1.588°W﻿ / 53.839; -1.588

Weetwood is an area between Headingley and Meanwood in north-west Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.  It is bounded on the north by the A6120 (Outer Ring Road), on the west by the A660 (Otley Road), on the east by Meanwood Beck and to the south by Hollin Lane.  Weetwood Lane runs north and south through it.

The area lends its name to and sits in the Weetwood ward of Leeds City Council, which is also part of Leeds Central and Headingley parliamentary constituency.

Leeds City Council
Leeds City Council is the local authority of the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. Leeds has had a council since 1626, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 it has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the second most populous local government district in the United Kingdom with approximately 800,000 inhabitants living within its area; only Birmingham City Council has more. Since 1 April 2014, it has been a constituent council of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2011. It meets at Leeds Civic Hall and has its main offices at Merrion House.