hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German Democratic Legion
The German Democratic Legion was a volunteer unit formed by exiled German craftsmen and other emigrants in Paris under the leadership of the socialist poet Georg Herwegh, which set out for the Grand Duchy of Baden at the beginning of the German Revolution of 1848 to support the radical democratic Hecker uprising against the Baden government. A week after the military defeat of the uprising, the German Democratic Legion was also defeated and wiped out by Württemberg troops on April 27, 1848 in the battle of Dossenbach.

Hecker uprising
The Hecker uprising was an attempt in April 1848 by Baden revolutionary leaders Friedrich Hecker, Gustav von Struve, and several other radical democrats to overthrow the Baden monarchy and establish a republic in the Grand Duchy of Baden.  The uprising was the first major clash in the Baden Revolution and among the first in the March Revolution in Germany, part of the broader Revolutions of 1848 across Europe.  The main action of the uprising consisted of an armed civilian militia under the leadership of Friedrich Hecker moving from Konstanz on the Swiss border in the direction of Karlsruhe, the ducal capital, with the intention of joining with another armed group under the leadership of revolutionary poet Georg Herwegh there to topple the government.  The two groups were halted independently by the troops of the German Confederation before they could combine forces.
F. J. Foakes-Jackson
Frederick John Foakes-Jackson (10 August 1855 – 1 December 1941) was a Church historian.  For thirty-four years he taught at Jesus College, Cambridge, serving as dean from 1895 to 1916.  Then, at the age of 61, he became the Briggs Professor of Christian Institutions at Union Theological Seminary, New York City, finally becoming emeritus in 1933.  He is probably best known for the massive five volume work The Beginnings of Christianity—an edition, translation, commentary, and study of the Acts of Apostles—that he conceived and edited with Kirsopp Lake.

Charles Augustus Briggs
Charles Augustus Briggs (January 15, 1841 – June 8, 1913), American Presbyterian (and later Episcopalian) scholar and theologian, was born in New York City, the son of Alanson Briggs and Sarah Mead Berrian. He was excommunicated from the Presbyterian Church for heresy due to his liberal theology regarding the Bible.
13th Minnesota Infantry Regiment
The 13th Minnesota Infantry Regiment was a United States volunteer infantry regiment active during the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War. It's most well known for the role it played during the Battle of Manila as well as its efforts against Filipino resistance throughout 1899. It was one of four Minnesota regiments raised for the Spanish-American War and the only one to see combat.

United States Volunteers
United States Volunteers (also called U.S. Volunteers, U.S. Volunteer Army, among other variations) were military volunteers called upon during wartime to help the United States Army. They were separate from the Regular Army and the militia.

Until the Militia Act of 1903, the land forces of the United States were divided into three organizations:

The Regular Army, which was the permanent military establishment of the United States in peace and war.

The militia of states and territories, when called into the service of the United States.

Volunteer forces that the Congress of the United States authorized to be organized for a limited time period as an adjunct to the Regular Army in time of emergencies.
Ingrid Thulin
Ingrid Lilian Thulin (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɪ̌ŋːrɪd tɵˈliːn]; 27 January 1926 – 7 January 2004) was a Swedish actress and director who collaborated with filmmaker Ingmar Bergman. She was often cast as harrowing and desperate characters, and earned acclaim from both Swedish and international critics. She won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for her performance in Brink of Life (1958) and the inaugural Guldbagge Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for The Silence (1963), and was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress BAFTA for Cries and Whispers (1972).

Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress
The Best Actress Award (French: Prix d'interprétation féminine) is an award presented at the Cannes Film Festival since 1946. It is given to an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance and chosen by the jury from the films in official competition slate at the festival.

At the 1946 Cannes Film Festival, Michèle Morgan was the inaugural winner of the award for Pastoral Symphony. While Nadia Melliti is the most recent winner for The Little Sister at the 2025 Cannes Film Festival.
Málaga (Parliament of Andalusia constituency)
Málaga is one of the eight constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Parliament of Andalusia, the regional legislature of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. The constituency currently elects 17 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Málaga. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Province of Málaga
The Province of Málaga (Spanish: Provincia de Málaga [ˈmalaɣa]) is located in Andalusia, Spain. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and by the provinces of Cádiz to the west, Seville to the northwest, Córdoba to the north, and Granada to the east.

The province is subject to extreme water stress in the wake of the proliferation of avocado plantations in the Axarquía region, with the arid local climate being unsuitable to the plant's large water demands.
NR Vulpeculae
NR Vulpeculae is a red supergiant and irregular variable star in the constellation Vulpecula. It has an apparent magnitude varying between 9.13 and 9.61, which is too faint to be seen to the naked eye.

Slow irregular variable
A slow irregular variable (ascribed the GCVS types L, LB and LC) is a variable star that exhibit no or very poorly defined periodicity in their slowly changing light emissions. These stars have often been little-studied, and once more is learnt about them, they are reclassified into other categories such as semiregular variables.
Android lawn statues
The Android lawn statues are a series of large foam statues near the Googleplex (Google's headquarters) in Mountain View, California, currently located at Charleston Rd & Huff Ave. They are based on the code names for versions of Google's Android mobile operating system, which were named after desserts and sweet treats. Google used to commission a statue for each new Android version, a tradition that ended in 2019 with the release of Android 10. Starting with Android 11, the statues are created as virtual 3D models.

These statues were originally located in front of Building 44, where the Android development team had its offices, before being moved to their present location a few blocks away next to the Google Visitor Center Beta. The area is open to Google employees and their guests, and visitors are encouraged to take photos.

Up to 2013's KitKat, all the sculptures were made by the company Themendous, previously known as Custom Creations.

Android version history
The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the public release of its first beta on November 5, 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released on September 23, 2008. The operating system has been developed by Google on a yearly schedule since at least 2011.  New major releases are usually announced at Google I/O in May, along with beta testing, with the stable version released to the public between August and October. The most recent exception has been Android 16 with its release in June 2025.
Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 166
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 166 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Blair and Huntingdon Counties in Pennsylvania in the United States providing hunting, trapping, bird watching, and other activities.

Pennsylvania State Game Lands
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands (SGL) are lands managed by the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) for hunting, trapping, and fishing. These lands, often not usable for farming or development, are donated to the PGC or purchased by the PGC with hunting license money.

The Pennsylvania Game Commission runs a monthly publication called the Pennsylvania Game News. This publication features financial and legislative updates from the PGC, stories, and monthly Field Notes submitted by the Wildlife Conservation Officers of the Pennsylvania Game Commission.
Volume integral
In mathematics (particularly multivariable calculus), a volume integral (∭) is an integral over a 3-dimensional domain; that is, it is a special case of multiple integrals. Volume integrals are especially important in physics for many applications, for example, to calculate flux densities, or to calculate mass from a corresponding density function.

Multiple integral
In mathematics (specifically multivariable calculus), a multiple integral is a definite integral of a function of several real variables, for instance, f(x, y) or f(x, y, z).

Integrals of a function of two variables over a region in  (the real-number plane) are called double integrals, and integrals of a function of three variables over a region in  (real-number 3D space) are called triple integrals.
Cantellated 7-cubes
In seven-dimensional geometry, a cantellated 7-cube is a convex uniform 7-polytope, being a cantellation of the regular 7-cube.

There are 10 degrees of cantellation for the 7-cube, including truncations. 4 are most simply constructible from the dual 7-orthoplex.

Uniform 7-polytope
In seven-dimensional geometry, a 7-polytope is a polytope contained by 6-polytope facets. Each 5-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 6-polytope facets.

A uniform 7-polytope is one whose symmetry group is transitive on vertices and whose facets are uniform 6-polytopes.
Gobindapur, Bhangar
Gobindapur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Bhangar police station in the Bhangar I CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Bhangar Raghunathpur
Bhangar Raghunathpur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Bhangar police station in the Bhangar I CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Muramatsu Domain
Muramatsu Domain (村松藩, Muramatsu-han) was a tozama feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It was located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Muramatsu Jin'ya (later renamed Muramatsu Castle), located in what is now part of the city of Gosen in Niigata Prefecture.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Phumtham Wechayachai
Phumtham Wechayachai MPCh MVM (Thai: ภูมิธรรม เวชยชัย, RTGS: Phumtham Wetchayachai, pronounced [pʰūːm.tʰām wêːt.tɕʰá.já.tɕʰāj]; born 5 December 1953) is a Thai politician who served as the acting Prime Minister of Thailand from the suspension of Paetongtarn Shinawatra in July to the appointment of Anutin Charnvirakul in September 2025 as well as from 14 to 16 August 2024 from the dismissal of Srettha Thavisin to the appointment of Paetongtarn. He served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Commerce of Thailand in the Srettha cabinet, and in the Paetongtarn cabinet he served as Minister of Defence. He is the concurrent Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior.

Srettha Thavisin
Srettha Thavisin (born 15 February 1962) is a Thai businessman and former politician who served as the 30th prime minister of Thailand from 2023 until his removal from office in 2024. In 1988, he co-founded Sansiri, a venture that propelled him to become a billionaire and a leading real estate tycoon within his country.

During his almost one-year premiership, Srettha oversaw economic policies aimed at stimulating the Thai economy, particularly in Thailand's tourism sector by promoting Thai soft power. He also attempted to implement the digital wallet scheme and his international visits were aimed at attracting investors. Srettha was however labelled as a "puppet" under the control of powers behind the throne by critics. His appointment of Pichit Chuenban to his cabinet led to his dismissal by the courts in August 2024.
SensoMotoric Instruments
SensoMotoric Instruments (SMI) was a German provider of dedicated computer vision applications focusing on eye-tracking technology. SMI was founded in 1991 as a spin-off from academic and medical research at the Free University of Berlin. The company has its headquarters in Teltow near Berlin, Germany, with additional offices in Boston, Massachusetts, and San Francisco, California, in the United States, and a worldwide distributor and partner network.

SMI provided eye tracking systems for scientific research, professional services, and OEM applications. These eye trackers could be combined with motion tracking systems, EEG, and other biometric data. They can be integrated into virtual reality CAVEs, head-mounted displays – such as Google Glass or Oculus Rift, simulators, cars, or computers as a measurement or interaction modality.

Eye tracking
Eye tracking is the process of measuring either the point of gaze (where one is looking) or the motion of an eye relative to the head.  An eye tracker is a device for measuring eye positions and eye movement.  Eye trackers are used in research on the visual system, in psychology, in psycholinguistics, marketing, as an input device for human-computer interaction, and in product design. In addition, eye trackers are increasingly being used for assistive and rehabilitative applications such as controlling wheelchairs, robotic arms, and prostheses. Recently, eye tracking has been examined as a tool for the early detection of autism spectrum disorder. There are several methods for measuring eye movement, with the most popular variant using video images to extract eye position.  Other methods use search coils or are based on the electrooculogram.
2022 Gwynedd Council election
The 2022 Gwynedd Council election took place on 5 May 2022 to elect 69 members from 65 wards to Gwynedd Council. On the same day, elections were held to the other 21 local authorities and to community councils in Wales as part of the 2022 Welsh local elections. The previous Gwynedd all-council election took place in May 2017 and future elections will take place every five years.

The election saw the amount of councillors elected to Gwynedd Council reduced, from 75 to 69, as part of boundary changes to the council carried out by the Local Democracy and Boundary Commission for Wales. 28 councillors were elected unopposed, an increase from the 2017 Gwynedd Council election which saw 21 councillors elected unopposed, despite the reduction in the total number of seats.

2017 Gwynedd Council election
The 2017 Gwynedd Council election took place on 4 May 2017 to elect members of Gwynedd Council in Wales. Seventy five council seats were up for re-election. In twenty one seats, the candidates were elected unopposed.

The Gwynedd election was on the same day as other 2017 Welsh local elections.

The May 2017 election in the Hendre ward resulted in a "historic" tie, with the Plaid Cymru and Independent candidates each winning 132 votes. The Independent candidate was declared the winner after a name was drawn from a pot by the returning officer.
Jay Tarses
Michael Jay Tarses (born July 3, 1939) is an American screenwriter, producer and actor. He created and produced The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd  and The Slap Maxwell Story, co-created Buffalo Bill (with Tom Patchett), and was an executive producer for The Bob Newhart Show.

Tarses was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He graduated from Williams College in 1961. He was co-creator and co-writer (with Andy Hamilton) of BBC Radio 4's situation comedy Revolting People, which was set in colonial-era Baltimore; he played the role of sour shopkeeper Samuel Oliphant to Hamilton's cheerfully corrupt British soldier Sergeant McGurk. His most notable acting role was as Coach Bobby Finstock in the 1980s teen comedy Teen Wolf (1985). He also co-starred with Jim Carrey on the sitcom The Duck Factory in 1984. In 1990, he received an exclusive deal with NBC.

Tom Patchett
Tom Patchett is an American film director, screenwriter, actor and producer who is best known as the co-creator of ALF. He co-wrote the films Up the Academy, The Great Muppet Caper, The Muppets Take Manhattan, and Project ALF. He also wrote episodes of The Bob Newhart Show, We've Got Each Other, The Tony Randall Show, The Carol Burnett Show, and Buffalo Bill. Patchett founded the contemporary art gallery, Track 16, in 1994.
Bride of the Monster
Bride of the Monster is a 1955 American independent science fiction horror film, co-written, produced and directed by Edward D. Wood Jr., and starring Bela Lugosi and Tor Johnson with a supporting cast featuring Tony McCoy and Loretta King.

The film is considered to have Wood's biggest budget ($70,000). Production commenced in 1954 but, due to further financial problems, was not completed until 1955. It was released in May 1955, initially on a double bill with Macumba. In February 1956, it played (retitled Bride of the Monster) at drive-ins on a double feature with The Beast with a Million Eyes.

The Beast with a Million Eyes
The Beast with a Million Eyes is a 1955 independently made American black-and-white science fiction film, produced and directed by David Kramarsky, that stars Paul Birch, Lorna Thayer, and Dona Cole. Some film sources have said that the film was co-directed by Lou Place. The film was co-produced by Roger Corman and Samuel Z. Arkoff. It was released  on June 15, 1955 on a double feature with King Dinosaur, by American Releasing Corporation, which later became American International Pictures.

The film's storyline concerns a space alien that is able to see through the eyes of a large array of Earth life that it can also mentally control, part of its plan to conquer the Earth.
Simple Loop Prevention Protocol
Simple Loop Prevention Protocol (SLPP) in computer networking is a data link layer protocol developed by Nortel (previously acquired by Avaya, now a part of Extreme Networks) to protect against Layer 2 network loops. SLPP uses a small hello packet to detect network loops. The SLPP protocol checks packets from the originating switch and the peer switch in a SMLT configuration. Sending hello packets on a per VLAN basis allows SLPP to detect VLAN based network loops for un-tagged as well as tagged IEEE 802.1Q VLAN link configurations. If a loop is detected, the associated port is shut down.

Avaya
Avaya LLC(/əˈvaɪ.ə/), formerly Avaya Inc., is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Morristown, New Jersey, that provides cloud communications and workstream collaboration services. The company's platform includes unified communications and contact center services. In 2019, the company provided services to 220,000 customer locations in 190 countries.
Twisting Rook
The Twisting Rook (ひねり飛車 hineribisha) opening strategy is characterized by first playing a Static Rook opening, which then switches to a Ranging Rook strategy with the rook positioned in front of one's camp.

Twisting Rook is related to the Rook On Pawn opening (縦歩取り tate fudori), which often transitions into Twisting Rook.

One possible aim of Twisting Rook is to achieve an offensive structure similar to the attacking formation used in an Ishida opening.

Ranging Rook
Ranging Rook or Swinging Rook (振り飛車 furibisha) openings in shogi position the rook to the center or left of the player's board to support an attack there.

Ranging Rook strategies used in Ranging Rook vs Static Rook are among the oldest of shogi strategies attested in the historical documents that first describe the rules of shogi around 1600.
Pascual Echagüe
Pascual Echagüe, (16 May 1797 – 2 June 1867) was an Argentine soldier and politician. He served as Governor of  Entre Ríos and Santa Fe provinces and Minister of War and Navy during the governments of Urquiza and Derqui. He participated in the Argentine Civil Wars and the Uruguayan Civil War.

Justo José de Urquiza
Justo José de Urquiza y García (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxusto xoˈse ðe wɾˈkisa]; October 18, 1801 – April 11, 1870) was an Argentine general and politician who served as president of the Argentine Confederation from 1854 to 1860.
Barry Hutchinson
James Barry Hutchinson (27 January 1936 – 12 June 2005), known as Barry Hutchinson, was an English professional footballer who scored 116 goals from 367 appearances in the Football League playing for Chesterfield, Derby County, Lincoln City, Darlington, Halifax Town and Rochdale. He was a member of Frank O'Farrell's Weymouth team that won the Southern League title in 1964–65 and of the Darlington team promoted from the Fourth Division the following season. He played as a wing half in the early part of his career, later as a forward.

Frank O'Farrell
Francis O'Farrell (9 October 1927 – 6 March 2022) was an Irish football player and manager. He played as a wing half for Cork United, West Ham United and Preston North End. He made over 300 appearances in the Football League before joining Weymouth as player-manager. He went on to manage Torquay United (three stints), Leicester City, Manchester United, Cardiff City, Iran and Al-Shaab. He played for the Republic of Ireland national team, making nine appearances between 1952 and 1959.
Sabatinca aurantissima
Sabatinca aurantissima is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand and is found in the Nelson and Buller regions close to the coast and at lower altitudes. In appearance, the larvae has a distinctive pinkish-brown colour and at maturity can reach 8 mm in length. The adults are larger than many endemic species within the Sabatinca genus and have forewings that are highly reflective. These two features ensures it can be distinguished from S. aurella,  a related species that is similar in appearance. The larvae feed on bryophytes.

Sabatinca aurella
Sabatinca aurella is a species of moth of the family Micropterigidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. The larvae of this species are variable in appearance but tend to be coloured yellow-green with greyish patches. The adults of the species have a pale golden appearance with silver or purple coloured bars on the forewings. The moth has an approximate wingspan of around 1 cm. This species is found from the Coromandel Peninsula to the Fox Glacier and is on the wing from September to January. A larval host species is the liverwort Heteroscyphus lingulatus. The preferred habitat of this species is at higher altitudes than other New Zealand endemic species in this genus; and the moth tends to prefer forest or subalpine grass or scrubland.
Indian Hills, Kentucky
Indian Hills is a home rule-class city along the Ohio River in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 2,860 as of the 2020 census. Indian Hills and the nearby cities of Mockingbird Valley, Glenview, and Anchorage have been cited as Louisville's most prosperous suburbs since the mid-20th century. Indian Hills was among the nation's highest-income places as of the 2000 U.S. census.

Jefferson County, Kentucky
Jefferson County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 782,969. It is the most populous county in the commonwealth (with more than twice the population of second ranked Fayette County).

Since a city-county merger in 2003, the county's territory, population and government have been coextensive with the city of Louisville, which also serves as county seat. The administrative entity created by this merger is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, abbreviated to Louisville Metro.

Jefferson County is the anchor of the Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, locally referred to as Kentuckiana.