hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buena Vista, Oregon
Buena Vista /ˈbjuːnə ˈvɪstə/ is an unincorporated community in Polk County, Oregon, United States. It is located on the Willamette River, and is the western landing for the Buena Vista Ferry. It is approximately 7 miles (11 km) south-southeast of Independence.

Independence, Oregon
Independence is a city in Polk County, Oregon, United States, on the west bank of the Willamette River along Oregon Route 51, and east of nearby Monmouth.  It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thirty square blocks of the oldest part of Independence form the National Register of Historic Places-listed Independence Historic District.

The population was 9,828 at the 2020 census.
Alona Tal Franco
Alona Tal Franco (Hebrew: אלונה טל פרנקו; born 7 March 2009) is an Israeli rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2023 Junior World champion with the hoop and a silver medalist in the team event and the 2024 Junior European silver medalist in the hoop and with the team. She won a gold medal in the team event at the 2022 Junior European Championships. On national level, she is the 2022 Israeli Junior all-around champion.

2023 Junior World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships
The 2023 Rhythmic Gymnastics Junior World Championships was the second edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics Junior World Championships. They were held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, from 6 July to 9 July 2023.
Zain Imam
Zain Imam is an Indian actor who predominantly works in Hindi television. He is best known for his portrayal of Neil Khanna in Star Plus show Naamkaran  and Yuvraj Luthra in Zee TV's Tashan-E-Ishq which earned him Gold Awards for Best Actor in Negative Role. He is also known for his role as Agastya Raichand in Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan. In 2019, Imam participated in Colors TV's stunt-based reality show Khatron Ke Khiladi 9.

Khatron Ke Khiladi 9
Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi, Jigar Pe Trigger is the ninth season of Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi, an Indian reality and stunt television series premiered on 5 January 2019 and aired on Colors TV. The series was produced by Endemol Shine India. Filmed in Argentina, it was hosted by Rohit Shetty. For the first time, the finale was broadcast live on 10 March 2019 to promote Rising Star 3 and Akshay Kumar's Kesari. The season ended on 10 March 2019 with Punit Pathak declared the winner while Aditya Narayan became the 1st runner up.
Potassium bisulfite
Potassium bisulfite (or potassium hydrogen sulfite) is a chemical mixture with the approximately correctly mentioned formula chemical formula KHSO3. Potassium bisulfite in fact is not an actual compound, but a mixture of salts that dissolve in water to give solutions composed of potassium ions and bisulfite ions.  It is a white solid with an odor of sulfur dioxide. Attempts to crystallize potassium bisulfite yield potassium metabisulfite, K2S2O5.

Potassium bisulfite is used as a sterilising agent in the production of alcoholic beverages.   This additive is classified as E number E228 under the current EU-approved food additive legislation.

Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of metals refining and the burning of sulfur-bearing hydrocarbon fuels.

Sulfur dioxide is somewhat toxic to humans, although only when inhaled in relatively large quantities for a period of several minutes or more. It was known to medieval alchemists as "volatile spirit of sulfur".
The Orchard Residences
The Orchard Residences, a 56-storey, 218 m (715 ft), high-rise residential condominium, completed in 2010 is the residential component of an integrated retail and residential development by Orchard Turn Developments Pte Ltd, a joint venture between CapitaLand and Sun Hung Kai Properties.

Located along the prime shopping district of Singapore on Orchard Road.  The tower is the tallest building along the shopping district, and has 175 residential units from the ninth to the 54th floor, with four penthouse apartments. During the first phase of the sale, 98 units were sold for an average of S$3213 per sq ft.

ION Orchard shopping mall, the retail component completed together with the project, has 335 food and retail outlets.

Orchard Road
Orchard Road, often known colloquially as simply Orchard, is a major 2.5 km (1.6 mi)-long road in the Central Area of Singapore. A famous tourist attraction, it is an upscale shopping area, with numerous department stores, shopping malls, restaurants, and coffeehouses located in its vicinity. It has been described as a popular hotspot in Singapore, especially at night, attracting urban youth.

The Orchard Planning Area is a planning area as specified by the Urban Redevelopment Authority. It is part of the Central Area located within the Central Region. Orchard is bordered by Newton in the east and north, Tanglin in the west, River Valley in the south and Museum to the southeast. It consists of three subzones, Orchard, Somerset and Tanglin (not to be confused with its neighbouring planning area).
Louis R. Harlan
Louis Rudolph Harlan (July 13, 1922 – January 22, 2010) was an American academic historian who wrote a two-volume biography of the African-American educator and social leader Booker T. Washington and edited several volumes of Washington materials. He won the Bancroft Prize in 1973 and 1984, once for each volume, and the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for the second volume.

Pulitzer Prize for Biography
The Pulitzer Prize for Biography is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. The award honors "a distinguished and appropriately documented biography by an American author." Award winners receive US$15,000.

From 1917 to 2022, this prize was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and was awarded to a distinguished biography, autobiography or memoir by an American author or co-authors, published during the preceding calendar year. It is one of the original Pulitzers. The program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year.
Roger Williams (Wisconsin politician)
Roger Williams (January 21, 1836 – December 20, 1916) was an American merchant, farmer, and Republican politician.  He served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly (1879) and served ten years as chairman of the town of Hillsboro, Wisconsin.

Hillsboro (town), Wisconsin
Hillsboro is a town in Vernon County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 766 at the 2000 census. The City of Hillsboro is located within the town. The unincorporated community of Trippville is also located in the town.
SmugMug
SmugMug is a paid image sharing, image hosting service, and online video platform on which users can upload photos and videos. The company also facilitates the sale of digital and print media for amateur and professional photographers. In 2018, SmugMug purchased Flickr.

Image hosting service
An image hosting service allows individuals to upload images to an Internet website. The image host will then store the image onto its server, and show the individual different types of code to allow others to view that image. Some examples are Flickr, Imgur, and Photobucket.
Yamal-401
Yamal-401 (Russian: Ямал-401) is a Russian geostationary communications satellite operated by Gazprom Space Systems. It was built by ISS Reshetnev and is based on the Ekspress-2000 satellite bus. It is equipped with 17 C-band and 36 Ku-band transponders. It has a design life of 15 years.

Ekspress (satellite bus)
The Ekspress (Russian: Экспресс) is a highly flexible satellite bus designed and manufactured by ISS Reshetnev. It is an unpressurized bus originally designed for GEO, but that has been adapted for medium Earth orbit and to highly elliptical orbit. It has different versions and has been used from civilian communications to satellite navigation.
Shoalhaven Scheme
The Shoalhaven Scheme is a dual-purpose water supply and Pumped-storage Hydroelectricity scheme located on the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

The Scheme was built as a joint project between the Electricity Commission of NSW and the NSW Metropolitan Water Sewerage and Drainage Board. Management has subsequently passed to Origin Energy and the Sydney Catchment Authority.

Electricity Commission of New South Wales
The Electricity Commission of New South Wales, sometimes called Elcom, was a statutory authority responsible for electricity generation and its bulk transmission throughout New South Wales, Australia. The commission was established on 22 May 1950 by the Electricity Commission Act 1950 to take control of power generation in the State. The commission acquired the power stations and main transmission lines of the four major supply authorities: Southern Electricity Supply, Sydney County Council, the Department of Railways and the Electric Light and Power Supply Corporation Ltd, also known as the Balmain Electric Light Company, the owner and operator of Balmain Power Station. The commission was responsible for the centralised co-ordination of electricity generation and transmission in the State, and some local councils continued to be distributors of electricity only.
Syed Aqeel-ul-Gharavi
Aqeel-ul-Gharavi also known as  Ayatullah Aqeel-ul-Gharavi  (Arabic: آيت الله السيد عقيل الغروى; born 2 February 1964) is a leading Indian Twelver Shia scholar, writer, and a mujtahid.

He is described as a senior Shia scholar from the Indian subcontinent. He was the principal of Hawza-e-Ilmia Jamia-tus-Saqalain, Delhi and is the chairman of Safinatul Hidaya Trust, India. He is the vice-President of All India Muslim Majlis-e-Mushawarat and member of All India Muslim Personal Law Board.  He is patron of Imamia Islamic University, Delhi and secretary of Forum of Philosophers, India.

Allama Aqeel ul Gharavi is the representative of Majma Taghrib by Ayatullah Sheikh Mohsen Araki for the Indian sub-continent.

He is the supervisor of monthly published magazine Adabi Kainat. Adabi Kainat was founded in 1971, and is published in Urdu.

Mohsen Araki
Mohsen Araki (Persian: محسن اراکی; Arabic: محسن الأراكي; born 1955) is an Iranian scholar, cleric, university lecturer and politician. He is currently a member of the Assembly of Experts and also a member of the Expediency Discernment Council. He is a prominent Iranian scholar and one of the students of the Islamic thinker Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr.

In 2022, during 2021–2022 Iranian protests, he advocated for the death penalty for protestors. He argued those who participate in the protests should be found guilty of "corruption on earth".
James Patrick (British Army officer)
Major James Henry Luxmoore Patrick MVO, was equerry to The Queen 1992–1995.

He obtained a BSC(Hons) at university, and joined the Irish Guards. Patrick was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Territorial Army in 1986. He was promoted to captain on 13 April 1991. He was acting major when equerry to the Queen, and from 15 March 1996.

He was made MVO in 1995. He retired in 1998.

Equerry
An equerry (/ɪˈkwɛri, ˈɛkwəri/; from French écurie 'stable', and related to écuyer 'squire') is an officer of honour. Historically, it was a senior attendant with responsibilities for the horses of a person of rank. In contemporary use, it is a personal attendant, usually upon a sovereign, a member of a royal family, or a national representative. The role is equivalent to an aide-de-camp, but the term is prevalent only among some members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Nélson Marcos
Nélson Augusto Tomar Marcos (born 10 June 1983), known simply as Nélson, is a former footballer who played as a right-back.

After making a name for himself at Benfica, appearing in 101 official games over three seasons, he went on to spend the vast majority of his career in Spain, representing Betis, Osasuna, Almería and Alcorcón. He also competed professionally in Italy and Cyprus.

Born in Cape Verde, Nélson won four caps for the Portugal national team in three years.

UD Almería
Unión Deportiva Almería, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [uˈnjon depoɾˈtiβ(a) almeˈɾi.a]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded on 26 July 1989 and known as Almería Club de Fútbol until 2001, when it was renamed Unión Deportiva Almería. The club currently plays in the Segunda División, and plays their home games at the 17,400-seat capacity UD Almería Stadium.
Utana Yoshida
Utana Yoshida (吉田 唄菜, Yoshida Utana; born September 6, 2003) is a Japanese ice dancer, who currently competes with Masaya Morita. Together, they are the 2025 Asian Winter Games champions, two-time Japanese national champions (2024–25, 2025–26), and the 2023–24 Japanese national bronze medalists.

With her former skating partner, Shingo Nishiyama, she was a two-time Japanese national junior ice dance champion (2019–20, 2020–21) and a 2020 Winter Youth Olympics champion in the team event.

2023–24 Japan Figure Skating Championships
The 2023–24 Japan Figure Skating Championships were held in Nagano, Nagano on December 20–24, 2023. It was the 92nd edition of the event. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, pairs, and ice dance. The results were part of the Japanese selection criteria for the 2024 Four Continents Championships and the 2024 World Championships.
Jackson Whistle
Jackson Whistle (born 9 June 1995) is a Canadian-born British professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Belfast Giants of the Elite Ice Hockey League and the British national team. He represented Great Britain at the 2019 IIHF World Championship, 2021 IIHF World Championship,2022 IIHF World Championship and 2024 IIHF World Championship.

Whistle previously played for the Belfast Giants during an earlier spell between 2016 and 2018, before spending one season with both the Sheffield Steelers and Nottingham Panthers.

Great Britain men's national ice hockey team
The Great Britain men's national ice hockey team (also known as Team GB) is the national ice hockey team that represents the United Kingdom. A founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 1908, the team is controlled by Ice Hockey UK.
Chapman Commission
The Chapman Commission or the Technical Commission of Inquiry into the Prevalence of Miners' Phthisis and Pneumoconiosis in the Metalliferous Mines at Broken Hill was an extensive government medical inquiry that took place between 1919 and 1921. The inquiry established the cause and extent of the industrial disease pneumoconiosis among miners in the city of Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. It found abundant evidence of the disease and in doing so disproved an earlier royal commission which had concluded it was not present. The prevalence of lead poisoning was also investigated.

The Commission played an important role in ending the Big Strike and the introduction of safety and occupational reforms to the mines. As a result of the inquiry various acts of parliament were introduced to provide, for the first time, compensation for those suffering from dust disease.

Pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconiosis is the general term for a class of interstitial lung disease where inhalation of dust (for example, ash dust, lead particles, pollen grains etc) has caused interstitial fibrosis. The three most common types are asbestosis, silicosis, and black lung disease. Pneumoconiosis often causes restrictive impairment, although diagnosable pneumoconiosis can occur without measurable impairment of lung function. Depending on extent and severity, it may cause death within months or years, or it may never produce symptoms. It is usually an occupational lung disease, typically from years of dust exposure during work in mining; textile milling; shipbuilding, ship repairing, and/or shipbreaking; sandblasting; industrial tasks; rock drilling (subways or building pilings); or agriculture. It is one of the most common occupational diseases in the world.
Martin Sandberger
Martin Sandberger (17 August 1911 – 30 March 2010) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era and a convicted Holocaust perpetrator. He was the commander of Sonderkommando 1a of Einsatzgruppe A, as well as of the Sicherheitspolizei and SD at the time of Nazi German occupation of Estonia during World War II. Sandberger perpetrated mass murder of the Jews in German-occupied Latvia and Estonia.  As the Gestapo chief in Verona, he was also responsible for the arrest of Jews in Italy, and their deportation to Auschwitz concentration camp. Sandberger was the second-highest official of the Einsatzgruppe A to be tried and convicted. He was also the last-surviving defendant from the Nuremberg Military Tribunals.

Franz Walter Stahlecker
Franz Walter Stahlecker (10 October 1900 – 23 March 1942) was commander of the SS security forces, the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), for the Reichskommissariat Ostland in 1941–42. Stahlecker commanded Einsatzgruppe A, the most murderous of the four Einsatzgruppen (death squads during the Holocaust) active in German-occupied Eastern Europe. He was fatally wounded in action by Soviet partisans and was replaced by Heinz Jost.
Emanuele Birarelli
Emanuele Birarelli (born 8 February 1981) is an Italian volleyball player, a member of Italy men's national volleyball team and Italian club Sir Safety Perugia, silver medalist of 2016 Summer Olympics, bronze medalist of 2012 Summer Olympics and participant of the Olympic Games 2008 Summer Olympics, World League (2013, 2014) and silver medalist of European Championship (2011, 2013).

Italy men's national volleyball team
The Italy men's national volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches. The national team is controlled by the Italian Volleyball Federation, the governing body for Volleyball in Italy. It is one of the most successful national teams in the history of volleyball, having won five World Championships (1990, 1994, 1998, 2022 and 2025), seven European Championships (1989, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2005, and 2021), one World Cup (1995), and eight World Leagues (1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, and 2000). Italy is the reigning world champion, having won the 2025 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship on 28 September 2025. Italy equaled a record previously held by the USSR by becoming world volleyball champions in both men’s and women’s competitions — a feat the Soviet Union had achieved in 1952 and 1960.
Makhmud Esambayev
Makhmud Ḣelasoltiyn voḣ Esambayev (15 July 1924 – 7 January 2000) was a Soviet and Chechen dancer, ballet master, choreographer and actor. Makhmud was regarded as one of the most famous dancers of the Soviet Union. People's Artist of the USSR (1974) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1984).

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
John Paul Phelan
John Paul Phelan (born 27 September 1978) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency from 2011 to 2024. He previously served as Minister of State for Local Government and Electoral Reform from 2017 to 2020. He also served as a Senator for the Labour Panel from 2002 to 2011.

Minister of State at the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage
The Minister of State at the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage of the Government of Ireland who may perform functions delegated by the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage. A Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank.

There are currently three Ministers of State:

John Cummins, TD – Minister of State for local government and planning

Christopher O'Sullivan, TD – Minister of State for nature, heritage and biodiversity

Kieran O'Donnell, TD – Minister of State for housing
German submarine U-483
German submarine U-483 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She carried out two patrols. She caused one warship to be declared a total loss.

She surrendered on 9 May 1945; she was sunk as part of Operation Deadlight on 16 December 1945.

Operation Deadlight
Operation Deadlight was the code name for the Royal Navy operation of November 1945 – February 1946 to scuttle German U-boats surrendered to the Allies after the defeat of Germany near the end of World War II. After the surrender, political discussions continued between the Allies concerning the final disposal of the surviving German naval vessels, the result of which was an agreement to retain 30 U-boats in total, to be divided equally between the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union. The remainder would be scuttled.
Fu Yuehua
Fu Yuehua (Chinese: 傅月華; born c. 1945) was a Chinese construction worker and dissident who participated in the Democracy Wall Movement. She was detained after helping organize a demonstration in Tiananmen Square in 1979 and charged with violating public order and libel, for alleging that she was raped by a Communist Party official. She was sentenced to two years in prison.

Democracy Wall
From November 1978 to December 1979, thousands of people put up "big character posters" on a long brick wall of Xidan Street, Xicheng District of Beijing, to protest about the political and social issues of China; the wall became known as the Democracy Wall of Xidan (Chinese: 西单民主墙; pinyin: Xīdān mínzhǔ qiáng). Under acquiescence of the Chinese government, other kinds of protest activities, such as unofficial journals, petitions, and demonstrations, were also soon spreading out in major cities of China. This movement can be seen as the beginning of the Chinese Democracy Movement. It is also known as the "Democracy Wall Movement". This short period of political liberation was known as the Beijing Spring.
Old Swansea Central Library
The old Swansea Central Library in Swansea, Wales, was a public lending and reference library in Alexandra Road, in the city centre.  The former library, a late 19th-century Grade II listed building, is now occupied by Swansea Metropolitan University's Welsh School of Architectural Glass.

Welsh School of Architectural Glass
The Welsh School of Architectural Glass is a department of Swansea Metropolitan University which offers BAs and MA courses in architectural stained glass.

The school was founded in 1935, when Howard Martin, who ran a glass company was invited by the Swansea Art College to run an evening class.  The school has  graduates working on cathedrals, theatres and public buildings all over the world.