hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dosso Reserve
The Dosso Partial Faunal Reserve is a nature reserve in the southwest Dosso Region of Niger. It is a Partial Faunal Reserve IUCN type IV, established 1 January 1962.  The reserve covers 3,065 square kilometres in the mouth of Dallol Bosso valley, a seasonal wash and ancient riverbed running from the Azawagh region, near where it reaches the Niger River valley. It is situated near the W du Niger National Park.

W National Park
The W National Park (French: Parc national du W) or W Regional Park (French: W du Niger) is a major national park in West Africa around a meander in the Niger River shaped like the letter W (French: double v). The park includes areas of the three countries Niger, Benin and Burkina Faso, and is governed by the three governments. Until 2008, the implementation of a regional management was supported by the EU-funded project ECOPAS (Protected Ecosystems in Sudano-Sahelian Africa, French: Écosystèmes protégés en Afrique soudano-sahélienne). The three national parks operate under the name W Transborder Park (French: Parc régional W). The section of W National Park lying in Benin, measuring over 8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi), came under the full management of African Parks in June 2020. In Benin, W National Park is contiguous with Pendjari National Park which is also under the management of African Parks.
Ratliff Boon
Ratliff Boon (January 18, 1781 – November 20, 1844) was an American politician who briefly served as the second Governor of Indiana — taking office following the resignation of Governor Jonathan Jennings, whom he served as lieutenant governor under, after his election to Congress, and subsequently serving again as lieutenant governor under Governor William Hendricks — and a six-term member of the United States House of Representatives. A prominent politician in the state, Boon was instrumental in the formation of the state Democratic Party, and he supported President Andrew Jackson's policies while in the House.

William Hendricks
William Hendricks (November 12, 1782 – May 16, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1822, the third governor of Indiana from 1822 to 1825, and an Anti-Jacksonian member of the U.S. Senate from 1825 to 1837. He led much of his family into politics and founded one of the largest political families in Indiana. He was the uncle of Thomas Andrews Hendricks, who  was also Governor of Indiana and Vice President of the United States. Hendricks County was named in his honor. His term as governor was spent repairing the state's finances to later enable large scale internal improvements. The establishment of the basic framework of the state's public school system and the transfer of the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis also occurred during his term.
Tatsama
Tatsama (Sanskrit: तत्सम IPA: [tɐtsɐmɐ], lit. 'same as that') are Sanskrit loanwords in modern Indo-Aryan languages like Assamese, Bengali, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Hindi, Gujarati, and Sinhala and in Dravidian languages like Tamil, Kannada and Telugu. They generally belong to a higher and more erudite register than common words, many of which are (in modern Indo-Aryan languages) directly inherited from Old Indo-Aryan (tadbhava). The tatsama register can be compared to the use of loan words of Greek or Latin origin in English (e.g. hubris).

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
WALI
WALI (1280 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Dayton, the county seat of Rhea County, Tennessee. Established in 1957, the station's broadcast license is held by Beverly Broadcasting Company, LLC. The station broadcasts a soft adult contemporary format and is known as "Alive 96.9, Cleveland's Lite Rock", named for its FM translator, W245DZ 96.9 FM, which has its transmitter in Cleveland, Tennessee.

Dayton, Tennessee
Dayton is a city in and the county seat of Rhea County, Tennessee, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the city population was 7,065. The Dayton Urban Cluster includes developed areas adjacent to the city and extends south to Graysville.

Dayton was the site of the Scopes trial in 1925 dealing with the rejection of evolution by religious groups.
Kekoo Gandhy
Kekoo Gandhy (2 February 1920 – 10 November 2012) was an Indian art gallerist, art collector and art connoisseur, who pioneered the promotion of Indian modern art from the 1940s. He established Chemould Frames, a frame manufacturing business in 1941, soon he started displaying works of young modern artists K. H. Ara, S. H. Raza, K. K. Hebbar and M. F. Husain in his showroom windows. This led to gradual rise of modern art movement and post-colonial art in India. Eventually Gallery Chemould, India's first commercial art gallery, was opened in 1963 on the first floor of the Jehangir Art Gallery.

He was awarded the Padma Shri by Government of India in 2008.

S. H. Raza
Sayed Haider Raza LH (22 February 1922 – 23 July 2016) was an Indian painter who lived and worked in France for most of his career. He moved to France in 1950, marrying the French artist Janine Mongillat in 1959. Following her death from cancer in 2002, Raza returned to India in 2010, where he would live until his death.

Having maintained strong ties with India throughout his career, Raza was an acclaimed for his art both there and in France. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1981, Fellowship of the Lalit Kala Academi in 1984, Padma Bhushan in 2007, and Padma Vibhushan in 2013. He was conferred with the Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur (Legion of Honour) on 14 July 2015.

His seminal work Saurashtra sold for ₹16.42 crore ($3,486,965) at a Christie's auction in 2010.
Church involvement in Fiji coups
Fiji's four coups in the past two decades have had church involvement. At the center of each coup lies the tension between the ethnic Fijians and Indian Fijians. Religion plays a significant role, as the majority of ethnic Fijians belong to the Methodist church while the majority of Indian Fijians are Hindu.

In each of the four coups, one of the sides sought to reduce rights for Indian Fijians, whereas the other side sought to grant equality to Indian Fijians. The coup by Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka in 1987 led to a constitution that ensured Indian Fijians could only have less than half of all seats in parliament and banned Indians from the post of prime minister. The coup of 2000, by George Speight, removed the elected Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudry, who is a Hindu of Indian origin.

Persecution of Hindus
Hindus have experienced both historical and ongoing religious persecution and systematic violence, in the form of forced conversions, documented massacres, genocides, demolition and desecration of temples, as well as the destruction of educational centres.
Tokugawa Ietsugu
Tokugawa Ietsugu; 徳川 家継 (8 August 1709 – 19 June 1716) was the seventh shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1713 until his death in 1716. He was the son of Tokugawa Ienobu, thus making him the grandson of Tokugawa Tsunashige, daimyō of Kofu, great-grandson of Tokugawa Iemitsu, great-great grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and finally the great-great-great grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Tokugawa Iemitsu
Tokugawa Iemitsu (徳川 家光; 12 August 1604 – 8 June 1651) was a Japanese samurai, daimyo and the third shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada with Oeyo, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lady Kasuga was his wet nurse, who acted as his political adviser and was at the forefront of shogunate negotiations with the Imperial court. Iemitsu ruled from 1623 to 1651; during this period he crucified Christians, expelled all Europeans from Japan and closed the borders of the country, a foreign policy that continued for over 200 years after its institution.
Coti
Roberto Fidel Ernesto Sorokin Esparza (born June 14, 1973), known professionally as Coti, is an Argentine singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best known for collaborations with other Spanish-language artists like Andrés Calamaro, Julieta Venegas, Natalia Oreiro and Luis Miguel in his last album. His 2005 release, Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos went gold in both Argentina and Mexico, while going double platinum in Spain.

Andrés Calamaro
Andrés Calamaro (August 22, 1961) is an Argentine musician, composer and Latin Grammy winner. He is considered one of the greatest and most influential rock artists in Spanish. He is also one of the most complete artists for his wide range of musical styles, including funk, reggae, ballads, boleros, tangos and jazz. His former band Los Rodríguez was a major success in Spain and throughout Latin America mainly during the 1990s. He is multi-instrumentalist and became one of the main icons of Argentine rock, selling over 1.3 million records to date.
Raskit
Raskit is the sixth studio album by English rapper Dizzee Rascal. It was released on 21 July 2017 by Dirtee Stank Recordings and Island Records. It is his first studio album in four years since The Fifth (2013). It was produced entirely by Dizzee Rascal alongside notable producers such as Cardo, Donae'o, Salva, Teddy Samba, The Arcade, The HeavyTrackerz and Valentino Khan, among others.

The Fifth (Dizzee Rascal album)
The Fifth studio album by English rapper Dizzee Rascal was released on 30 September 2013 under Dirtee Stank Recordings and Island Records. The Fifth is Dizzee Rascal's first release since he signed with Universal. It succeeds his fourth studio album Tongue n' Cheek (2009) and features production from RedOne, Nick Marsh, M.J. Cole, Baptiste, Goldstein, Andrew "Pop" Wansel, and Teddy Sky, among others. The album features guest appearances from singers Jessie J, Robbie Williams, Sean Kingston, Angel, and rappers Tinie Tempah, Bun B, Trae tha Truth, and Will.i.am. The album's track listing was confirmed when it was made available to pre-order via the iTunes Store.
Polling system
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a polling system or polling model is a system where a single server visits a set of queues in some order. The model has applications in computer networks and telecommunications, manufacturing and road traffic management. The term polling system was coined at least as early as 1968 and the earliest study of such a system in 1957 where a single repairman servicing machines in the British cotton industry was modelled.

Typically it is assumed that the server visits the different queues in a cyclic manner. Exact results exist for waiting times, marginal queue lengths and joint queue lengths at polling epochs in certain models. Mean value analysis techniques can be applied to compute average quantities.

In a fluid limit, where a very large number of small jobs arrive the individual nodes can be viewed to behave similarly to fluid queues (with a two state process).

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
Imitation pearl
Imitation pearls are man-made faux pearls. They are not to be confused with cultured pearls, which are real pearls created through human intervention.

Materials used to create imitation pearls include glass, plastic, and mollusc shells. As an alternative, some plastic beads are coated with a pearlescent substance to imitate the natural iridescence of nacre or mother of pearl.

Nacre
Nacre (/ˈneɪkər/ NAY-kər, also /ˈnækrə/ NAK-rə), also known as mother-of-pearl, is an organic–inorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer. It is also the material of which pearls are composed. It is strong, resilient, and iridescent.

Nacre is found in some of the most ancient lineages of bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. However, the inner layer in the great majority of mollusc shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, and this usually results in a non-iridescent shine, or more rarely in non-nacreous iridescence such as flame structure as is found in conch pearls.

The outer layer of cultured pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Other mollusc families that have a nacreous inner shell layer include marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae.
Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament – Group C
Group C of the men's football tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was played from 24 to 30 July 2024. The group consisted of the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Spain and Uzbekistan. The top two teams, Egypt and Spain, advanced to the knockout stage.

Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament – Knockout stage
The knockout stage of the men's football tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was played from 2 to 9 August 2024. The top two teams from each group in the group stage qualified for the knockout stage.
Tetraroginae
Tetraroginae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes, commonly known as waspfishes or sailback scorpionfishes, belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. These fishes are native to the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific. As their name suggests, waspfishes are often venomous; having poison glands on their spines. They are bottom-dwelling fish, living at depths to 300 metres (980 ft). These creatures usually live in hiding places on the sea bottom.

Scorpaenidae
The Scorpaenidae (also known as scorpionfish) are a family of mostly marine fish that includes many of the world's most venomous species. As their name suggests, scorpionfish have a type of "sting" in the form of sharp spines coated with venomous mucus. They are widespread in tropical and temperate seas, especially in the Indo-Pacific region. They should not be confused with the cabezones, of the genus Scorpaenichthys, which belong to a separate, though related, family, Cottidae.
Stenaelurillus mirabilis
Stenaelurillus mirabilis is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Stenaelurillus that lives in Kenya and Tanzania. It lives in forests and grassland, including woodland of Acacia senegal trees, and is particularly abundant in the Mkomazi National Park.  The spider is medium-sized, with a dark brown front section, or carapace, between 1.75 and 2.7 mm (0.069 and 0.106 in) in length that has two white stripes across its length and, behind that, a black abdomen between 1.9 and 2.8 mm (0.075 and 0.110 in) long. The female abdomen has orange sides and a white marking of a single stripe interrupted by other marks. The male abdomen has a white cross shape formed of five spors. It is distinguished from other members of the genus by its copulatory organs, in particular the male's long, thin palpal bulb and the female's flat epigyne with its short and slightly bent insemination ducts. The species was first described in 2000 by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith.

Stenaelurillus
Stenaelurillus is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1886. Most species live in Africa, with some species found in Asia, including China. All species have two white longitudinal stripes on the carapace, and both sexes show strong bristles around the eyes.

The name is a combination of the Greek sten- "narrow" and the salticid genus Aelurillus.
John Kid
John Kid was an outlawed minister of the Covenant. He was seized by Claverhouse among the insurgents after the affair at Drumclog. He was released by the insurgents but recaptured in a bog a few miles from Bothwell Bridge with a sword in his belt. Kid was taken to Edinburgh along with another preacher named John King. They were each subjected to torture, by the boots, condemned to death, and executed. Following his death Kid's head and limbs were displayed at the Netherbow Port on Edinburgh's Royal Mile  beside James Guthrie's skull.

Battle of Bothwell Bridge
The Battle of Bothwell Bridge, or Bothwell Brig' took place on 22 June 1679. It was fought between government troops and militant Presbyterian Covenanters, and signalled the end of their brief rebellion. The battle took place at the bridge over the River Clyde between Hamilton and Bothwell in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The battlefield has been included in the  Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011.
Asqar Mamin
Asqar Ūzaqbaiūly Mamin (born 23 October 1965) is a Kazakh politician and economist who served as the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2022, resigning due to pressure from the 2022 Kazakh unrest. He served as First Deputy Prime Minister from 9 September 2016 to 21 February 2019. Previously, he was the president of the Kazakhstan Temir Zholy, the national railway company of Kazakhstan. He also serves as the president of the Kazakhstan Ice Hockey Federation, a position he assumed in 2008.

A member of the ruling Kazakhstan's political party Nur Otan, Mamin previously served as äkim of Astana from 2006 to 2008, and as Minister of Transport and Communication in Daniyal Akhmetov Cabinet from 2005 to 2006, and as First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2016 to 2019 and Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2022.

Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
The prime minister of Kazakhstan is the head of government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the holder of its fourth highest office, after the president of Kazakhstan, the chairman of the Senate, and the chairman of the Majilis. The prime minister heads the cabinet and advises the president in the every day execution of the functions of the Parliament of Kazakhstan. The incumbent prime minister is Oljas Bektenov, who replaced acting Prime Minister Roman Sklyar on 6 February 2024 after the previous government's resignation.
Aldehyde deformylating oxygenase
Aldehyde deformylating oxygenases (ADO) (EC 4.1.99.5) are a family of enzymes which catalyze the oxygenation of medium and long chain aldehydes to alkanes via the removal of a carbonyl group as formate.

n-aldehyde + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ →  (n-1)-alkane + formate + H2O + 2 NADP+

Aldehyde deformylating oxygenases are found in cyanobacteria as part of the alkane biosynthesis pathway. Their substrates are medium- to long-chain aldehydes formed from acyl-ACP by acyl-ACP reductases (EC 1.2.1.80), commonly of 16 and 18 carbons, but potentially as short as 9 carbons and 10 carbons. Compared to other aldehyde decarbonylases, such as insect or plant aldehyde decarbonylase, cyanobacterial ADO is unusual in evolving formate rather than CO or CO2 and for residing in the cytosol. It is also enzymatically unusual in catalyzing an formally hydrolytic and redox-neutral oxygenation of the substrate.

Oxygenase
An oxygenase is any enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring the oxygen from molecular oxygen O2 (as in air) to it. The oxygenases form a class of oxidoreductases; their EC number is EC 1.13 or EC 1.14.
Jonathan Morgan (politician)
Jonathan Morgan, (born 12 November 1974) is a Welsh Conservative politician, who served as a Conservative Assembly Member (AM) for South Wales Central from 1999 to 2007 and AM for Cardiff North from 2007 to 2011. In the National Assembly elections in 2011 he was beaten by Labour's candidate Julie Morgan, wife of former First Minister Rhodri Morgan. He is currently chair of Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board and Chairman of the Welsh NHS Confederation.

Julie Morgan
Julie Morgan (née Edwards; 2 November 1944) is a Welsh Labour Party politician, who has been a Member of the Senedd for Cardiff North seat in the Senedd since the 2011 election. She was previously Member of Parliament (MP) for Cardiff North from 1997 until 2010.

She was married to former First Minister of Wales Rhodri Morgan until his death in 2017.
Woody Woodpecker Racing (Game Boy Color video game)
Woody Woodpecker Racing is a 2000 kart racing game developed and published by Konami for the Game Boy Color. It showcases characters from the Woody Woodpecker cartoon series and offers a variety of gameplay modes and tracks. The game, as well as its PlayStation and PC counterpart, was the result of a partnership between Konami and Universal Interactive that allowed Konami to distribute and market video games based on Universal Studios franchises. It received mixed reviews, with some praise going to its depth and polish, mixed assessments of its difficulty and criticism toward its slow pace.

Woody Woodpecker (franchise)
Woody Woodpecker is an American media franchise that originally started in 1940 with the release of the short film Knock Knock. The franchise was created by Walter Lantz and produced by Walter Lantz Productions. It is distributed by Universal Pictures.

The franchise revolves around about the humorous adventures and interactions of the title character and his friends like Winnie Woodpecker, enemies like Buzz Buzzard and other characters. The stories revolve around Woody's cheeky and often chaotic pranks, his attempts to solve problems, and his interactions with other characters such as Andy Panda, Chilly Willy, Winnie Woodpecker, Knothead, Splinter, Buzz Buzzard and others.
Kawakami Inu
The Kawakami Inu (Japanese: 川上犬) is a small, Japanese dog breed originating in Kawakami Village, Minamisaku District, Nagano Prefecture. It is considered to be a type of Shiba Inu and is designated as a natural monument of Nagano Prefecture.

The legend of the Kawakami Inu's origin tells how hunters tamed the wild wolves of the Chichibu Mountains, and all Kawakami Inu are thus related to the now extinct Japanese wolf. Because of this, it is believed that a Kawakami Inu will confront an opponent larger than itself. One story tells of a Kawakami Inu that protected its owner from a bear.

Shiba Inu
The Shiba Inu (Japanese: 柴犬; Japanese pronunciation: [ɕi.ba.i.nɯ]) is a breed of hunting dog from Japan. A small-to-medium breed, it is the smallest of the six original dog breeds native to Japan. The Shiba Inu was originally bred for hunting. Its name literally translates to "brushwood dog", as it is used to flush game.

The Shiba Inu is a small, alert, and agile dog that copes  well with mountainous terrain and hiking trails. Its appearance is similar to other Japanese dog breeds such as the Akita Inu or Hokkaido, but the Shiba Inu is a different breed with a distinct bloodline, temperament, and smaller size than other Japanese dog breeds.