hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Task Force Barker
Task Force Barker was a United States Army task force under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Frank A. Barker during the Vietnam War. While a part of Task Force Barker, U.S. Army soldiers from Company C of the 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade of the 23rd (Americal) Infantry Division committed the My Lai Massacre in 1968.

On 16 March 1968, Task Force Barker, an American combat task force of the 23rd Infantry Division, assaulted the Son My village complex in the Quang Ngai province of South Vietnam. Members of the task force proceeded to destroy most of the homes in the village, kill domestic animals, rape female civilians, and in-discriminately murder hundreds of civilian children, women, and elderly people.

11th Infantry Brigade (United States)
The 11th Infantry Brigade is an inactive infantry brigade of the United States Army. It was first formed as part of the 6th Division during World War I. It is best known for its service with the 23rd Infantry Division from 1967 through 1971 in the Vietnam War as a light infantry brigade.  The brigade is known for its responsibility in the My Lai Massacre.
New York State Route 327
New York State Route 327 (NY 327) is a state highway located within Tompkins County, New York, in the United States. It extends for 7.11 miles (11.44 km) in a northwest–southeast direction from an intersection with the concurrent routes of NY 13, NY 34, and NY 96 in the town of Ithaca to a junction with NY 79 in the town of Enfield. NY 327 runs along the northern edge of Robert H. Treman State Park as it passes from Ithaca to Enfield. The route was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York.

New York State Route 34
New York State Route 34 (NY 34) is a north–south New York state route located in Central New York. Its southern terminus is at the Pennsylvania state line in the village of Waverly, where it connects to Pennsylvania Route 199 and meets Interstate 86 (I-86). Its northern terminus is at NY 104, outside the village of Hannibal.
Saundersfoot railway station
Saundersfoot railway station is 1 mile (1.6 km) from Saundersfoot, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is managed by Transport for Wales Rail. It is usually a request stop apart from the limited-stop Great Western Railway Pembroke Dock services which make a scheduled stop here.

The station is just off of the B4316 road in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. The Pembrokeshire Coast Path is approximately  1 mile (1.6 km)  mile down the lane at St Issell's church.

A tunnel at King's Moor, which formed part of the old Saundersfoot Railway's second line running from the harbour to Thomas Chapel colliery near Begelly passes beneath the GWR station. The route of this old line now forms part of the Miners Walk.

Pembroke Dock railway station
Pembroke Dock railway station serves the town of Pembroke Dock in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is the terminus of the Pembroke Dock branch of West Wales Lines from Swansea, 27+1⁄4 miles (44 km) southwest of Whitland.
Mond Crucifixion
The Mond Crucifixion or Gavari Altarpiece is an oil on poplar panel dated to 1502–1503, making it one of the earliest works by Italian Renaissance artist Raphael, perhaps the second after the c.1499-1500 Baronci Altarpiece.  It originally comprised four elements, of which three survive, now all separated: a main panel of the Crucified Christ with the Virgin Mary, Saints and Angels which was bequeathed to the National Gallery, London, by Ludwig Mond, and a three-panel predella from which one panel is lost; the two surviving panels are Eusebius of Cremona raising Three Men from the Dead with Saint Jerome's Cloak in the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, in Lisbon, and Saint Jerome saving Silvanus and punishing the Heretic Sabinianus in the North Carolina Museum of Art.

Baronci Altarpiece
The Baronci Altarpiece was a painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Raphael. His first recorded commission, it was made for Andrea Baronci's chapel in the church of Sant'Agostino in Città di Castello, near Urbino. The altarpiece was seriously damaged during an earthquake in 1789, and since 1849 fragments of the original painting have been part of different collections.
Blue duck
The blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) or whio is a member of the duck, goose and swan family Anatidae endemic to New Zealand. It is the only member of the genus Hymenolaimus. Its exact taxonomic status is still unresolved, but it appears to be most closely related to the tribe Anatini, the dabbling ducks.

The whio is depicted on the reverse side of the New Zealand $10 banknote.

Anatinae
The Anatinae are a subfamily of the family Anatidae (swans, geese, and ducks). Its surviving members are the dabbling ducks, which feed mainly at the surface rather than by diving. The other members of the Anatinae are the extinct moa-nalo, a young but highly apomorphic lineage derived from the dabbling ducks.

Much debate exists about the systematical status and which ducks belong to the Anatinae. Some taxonomic authorities only include the dabbling ducks and their close relatives, the extinct moa-nalos. Alternatively, the Anatinae are considered to include most "ducks", and the dabbling ducks to form a tribe Anatini within these. The classification as presented here more appropriately reflects the remaining uncertainty about the interrelationships of the major lineages of Anatidae (waterfowl).
Halobacterium salinarum
Halobacterium salinarum, formerly known as Halobacterium cutirubrum or Halobacterium halobium, is an extremely halophilic marine obligate aerobic archaeon.  Despite its name, this is not a bacterium, but a member of the domain Archaea.  It is found in salted fish, hides, hypersaline lakes, and salterns. As these salterns reach the minimum salinity limits for extreme halophiles, their waters become purple or reddish color due to the high densities of halophilic Archaea. H. salinarum has also been found in high-salt food such as salt pork, marine fish, and sausages. The ability of H. salinarum to live at such high salt concentrations has led to its classification as an extremophile.

Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.

While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin.

Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Lake Urmia in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.
Let expression
In computer science, a "let" expression associates a function definition with a restricted scope.

The "let" expression may also be defined in mathematics, where it associates a Boolean condition with a restricted scope.

The "let" expression may be considered as a lambda abstraction applied to a value.  Within mathematics, a let expression may also be considered as a conjunction of expressions, within an existential quantifier which restricts the scope of the variable.

The let expression is present in many functional languages to allow the local definition of expression, for use in defining another expression.  The let-expression is present in some functional languages in two forms; let or "let rec". Let rec is an extension of the simple let expression which uses the fixed-point combinator to implement recursion.

Lambda calculus
In mathematical logic, the lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. Untyped lambda calculus, the topic of this article, is a universal machine, i.e. a model of computation that can be used to simulate any Turing machine (and vice versa). It was introduced by the mathematician Alonzo Church in the 1930s as part of his research into the foundations of mathematics. In 1936, Church found a formulation which was logically consistent, and documented it in 1940.
Nirupama Sanjeev
Nirupama Sanjeev (née Vaidyanathan; born 8 December 1976) is an Indian former professional tennis player. In the 1998 Australian Open, Sanjeev became the second Indian woman (after Nirupama Mankad) in the Open era to feature in a major main draw, the first one in singles, and the first to win a major match, defeating Gloria Pizzichini. She also won the bronze medal at the 1998 Bangkok Asian Games in mixed doubles, partnering Mahesh Bhupathi. Sanjeev was the first Indian woman to enter the top 200 of the rankings in singles. She founded Nirus Tennis Academy in 2004 and now does consultations about tennis on https://tennisconsultation.com. She also wrote her memoir "The Moonballer" which was released by tennis legend Vijay Amritraj in 2013 https://www.amazon.com/s?k=the+moonballer&crid=23XAD8E1KYPAY&sprefix=the+moonballer%2Caps%2C182&ref=nb_sb_noss

Mahesh Bhupathi
Mahesh Shrinivas Bhupathi (born 7 June 1974) is an Indian former doubles world No. 1 tennis player. In 1997, he became the first Indian to win a major tournament (with Rika Hiraki). With his win at the 2006 Australian Open mixed doubles, he joined the elite group of eight tennis players who have achieved a career Grand Slam in mixed doubles. He is also the founder of International Premier Tennis League. In December 2016, Bhupathi was appointed as India's next non-playing Davis Cup captain and took over the reins from Anand Amritraj in February 2017.
History of Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in March 1919 and located in Dumfries. Queen of the South are officially nicknamed The Doonhamers, but usually referred to as Queens or QoS (as listed on the club badge). Their home ground since formation has been Palmerston Park. They joined the Scottish Football League at the start of the 1923–24 season.

The club's national honours include winning the Division B Championship in season 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in the 2001–02 and 2012–13 seasons and also the Scottish Challenge Cup in the 2002–03 and 2012–13 season. Queens led Scotland's top division up until New Year in season 1953–54 and Queens highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in season 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers.

Palmerston Park
Palmerston Park is a football stadium on Terregles Street in Dumfries, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.  It is the home ground of Scottish League One club Queen of the South, who have played there since 1919. South of Scotland League club Heston Rovers have shared Palmerston since 2013. The stadium has a capacity of 8,690 of which 3,377 are seats.
Jacques Martin (comics)
Jacques Martin (French pronunciation: [ʒak maʁtɛ̃]; 25 September 1921 – 21 January 2010) was a French comics artist and comic book creator. He was one of the classic artists of Tintin magazine, alongside Edgar P. Jacobs and Hergé, of whom he was a longtime collaborator. He is best known for his series Alix. He was born in Strasbourg.

Edgar P. Jacobs
Edgard Félix Pierre Jacobs (30 March 1904 – 20 February 1987), better known under his pen name Edgar P. Jacobs, was a Belgian comic book creator (writer and artist), born in Brussels, Belgium. He was one of the founding fathers of the Franco-Belgian comics movement, through his collaborations with Hergé and the graphic novel series that made him famous, Blake and Mortimer.
55 Central Park West
55 Central Park West is a 19-floor housing cooperative on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Built in 1929, it was designed by the architectural firm Schwartz & Gross. The building is a contributing property within the Central Park West Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building was popularized by the 1984 film Ghostbusters, whose storyline revolves heavily around it.

Central Park West Historic District
The Central Park West Historic District is located along Central Park West, between 61st and 97th Streets, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 1982. The district encompasses a portion of the Upper West Side-Central Park West Historic District as designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, and contains a number of prominent New York City designated landmarks, including the Dakota, a National Historic Landmark. The buildings date from the late 19th century to the early 1940s and exhibit a variety of architectural styles. The majority of the district's buildings are of neo-Italian Renaissance style, but Art Deco is a popular theme as well.
Radio Borders
Radio Borders was an Independent Local Radio station, originally based in Tweedbank before moving into studios at St James Quarter, Edinburgh, in October 2022. The station was owned and operated by Bauer as part of the Hits Radio Network. It broadcast to the Scottish Borders and north Northumberland.

As of December 2022, the station had a weekly audience of 45,000 listeners according to RAJAR.

On 3 April 2023, Radio Borders was replaced with Greatest Hits Radio Scottish Borders and North Northumberland.

Hits Radio
Hits Radio is a network of 26 contemporary hit radio stations in the United Kingdom, owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK. The network launched in 2018 with the rebranding of Bauer's Manchester station Key 103 and its merger with The Hits, and since then various other local stations have been rebranded under the Hits Radio banner.

As of December 2024, the network has a combined reach of 7.1 million weekly listeners according to RAJAR.
Airtel-Vodafone
Airtel-Vodafone Limited is a mobile network operator located in Jersey and Guernsey (Channel Islands), and regulated by the Channel Islands Competition and Regulatory Authorities. Until 2024, it was a joint venture between Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Group Plc.

In March 2008, nine months after first launching in Jersey, Airtel-Vodafone expanded operations to Guernsey. In November 2024, the firm was acquired by Sure, a subsidiary of Beyon located in the Channel Islands.

Vodafone
Vodafone Group Public Limited Company (/ˈvoʊdəfoʊn/) is a British multinational telecommunications company. Its registered office and global headquarters are in Newbury, Berkshire, England. It predominantly operates services in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania.

As of January 2025, Vodafone owns and operates networks in 15 countries, with partner networks in 46 further countries.

Vodafone has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. The company has a secondary listing on the NASDAQ as American depositary receipts (ADRs).
2001–02 FA Cup qualifying rounds
The 2001–02 FA Cup qualifying rounds opened the 121st season of competition in England for 'The Football Association Challenge Cup' (FA Cup), the world's oldest association football single knockout competition. A total of 596 clubs were accepted for the competition, down six from the previous season’s 602.

The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down (Levels 5 through 10) in the English football pyramid meant that the competition started with six rounds of preliminary (2) and qualifying (4) knockouts for these non-League teams. Somerset Senior League and South Western Football League were the only level 10 leagues represented in the Cup, three clubs from the leagues were the lowest-ranked clubs in competition. The 32 winning teams from fourth round Qualifying progressed to the First round proper, where League teams tiered at Levels 3 and 4 entered the competition.

2001–02 FA Cup
The 2001–02 FA Cup (known as The FA Cup sponsored by AXA for sponsorship reasons) was the 121st season of the world's oldest knockout football competition, the FA Cup. The competition was won by Arsenal with a 2–0 win against Chelsea, courtesy of goals from Ray Parlour and Freddie Ljungberg in the final 20 minutes of the game, completing a domestic Double for Arsenal.
Golden Crown of Bilge Qaghan
The Crown of Bilge Qaghan is a golden crown dating to between the 6th and 8th centuries that was unearthed at the complex of Bilge Khan in Khöshöö-Tsaidam, Orkhon Valley, Mongolia. It was created at the time of the Central Asian Second Turkic Khaganate, and is thought to have been manufactured by a local artist. The diadem bears a resemblance to the headgear of the Bust of Kul Tigin.

Orkhon Valley
The Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape sprawls along the banks of the Orkhon River in Central Mongolia, some 320 km west from the capital Ulaanbaatar. It was inscribed by UNESCO in the World Heritage List as representing the development of nomadic pastoral traditions spanning more than two millennia.
Pambeguwa
Pambeguwa is a town located in Kubau LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. It is situated approximately 93 kilometers (58 miles) away from the state capital, Kaduna, and about 199 kilometers (124 miles) from Nigeria's capital, Abuja. With population of 317,357 in 2025 census. Pambeguwa is recognized for its agricultural prominence, linguistic diversity, and dynamic marketplaces. The town is nestled among scenic mountains and blends traditional practices with modern commerce, education, and healthcare infrastructure.

Kaduna
Kaduna Listenⓘ is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern states of Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.

The population of Kaduna was put at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census. Rapid urbanization since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, and as of 2024, the city has an estimated population of 1.2 million people.
Sekai Shindokyo
Sekai Shindokyo (世界心道教, Sekai Shindōkyō) is a Japanese new religion derived from Tenrikyo. It was founded by Hide Aida (会田 ヒデ, Aida Hide) (1898–1973). It is headquartered at 101 Suwa 2-chōme, Toyokawa, Aichi, Japan.

Tenrikyo
Tenrikyo (天 理 教, Tenrikyō) is a Japanese new religion which is neither strictly monotheistic nor pantheistic, originating from the teachings of a 19th-century woman named Nakayama Miki, known to her followers as "Oyasama". Followers of Tenrikyo believe that God of Origin, God in Truth, known by several names including "Tsukihi," "Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto" and "Oyagamisama" revealed divine intent through Miki Nakayama as the Shrine of God and to a lesser extent the roles of the Honseki Izo Iburi and other leaders. Tenrikyo's worldly aim is to teach and promote the Joyous Life, which is cultivated through acts of charity and mindfulness called hinokishin.

The primary operations of Tenrikyo today are located at Tenrikyo Church Headquarters, which supports 16,833 locally managed churches in Japan, the construction and maintenance of the oyasato-yakata and various community-focused organisations. It has 1.75 million followers in Japan and is estimated to have over 2 million worldwide.
Theodore Criley
Theodore Criley (March 26, 1880 - October 5, 1930) was an American hotel manager and landscape artist. He joined the art colony in Carmel-by-the-Sea, where he was a watercolorist, portrait painter, and wood engraver.  His artwork was well received by fellow artists Jennie V. Cannon and Percy Gray, as well as art critics for the San Francisco Chronicle and the Oakland Tribune. His work can be seen at the Mills College Art Museum in Oakland, California.

Percy Gray
Percy Gray (October 3, 1869 – October 10, 1952) was an American painter. At the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition he won a bronze medal for his watercolor Out of the Desert, Oregon. Gray's artwork is held in the permanent online collections of several museums, including the Monterey Museum of Art.
Quantale
In mathematics, quantales are certain partially ordered algebraic structures that generalize locales (point free topologies) as well as various multiplicative lattices of ideals from ring theory and functional analysis (C*-algebras, von Neumann algebras). Quantales are sometimes referred to as complete residuated semigroups.

Complete Heyting algebra
In mathematics, especially in order theory, a complete Heyting algebra is a Heyting algebra that is complete as a lattice. Complete Heyting algebras are the objects of three different categories; the category CHey, the category Loc of locales, and its opposite, the category Frm of frames. Although these three categories contain the same  objects, they differ in their morphisms, and thus get distinct names. Only the morphisms of CHey are homomorphisms of complete Heyting algebras.

Locales and frames form the foundation of pointless topology, which, instead of building on point-set topology, recasts the ideas of general topology in categorical terms, as statements on frames and locales.
Pedernales, Texas
Pedernales was an early settlement of German immigrants in Gillespie County, Texas, United States, and was part of the Adelsverein colonization of Texas. No trace of the settlement remains today. It was located 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Fredericksburg near what is now Texas State Highway 16. The Pedernales school received a Texas Historical Commission Subject Marker in 1993, Marker number 10095.

Fredericksburg, Texas
Fredericksburg is a city in and the county seat of Gillespie County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 Census, this city had a population of 10,875.

Fredericksburg was founded in 1846 and named after Prince Frederick of Prussia. Old-time German residents often referred to Fredericksburg as Fritztown, a nickname that is still used in some businesses. It is located 70 miles northwest of San Antonio, and approximately 80 miles west of Austin. This city is also notable as the center of Texas German, a dialect spoken by the first generations of German settlers who initially refused to learn English. Fredericksburg shares many cultural characteristics with New Braunfels, which had been established by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels the previous year. Fredericksburg is the birthplace of Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz. It is the sister city of Montabaur, Germany. On October 14, 1970, the Fredericksburg Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas.
Muller Hill
Muller Hill is a state forest and historic site near Georgetown in Madison County, New York, United States. In the early 19th century, a wealthy Frenchman who went by the name of "Louis Anathe Muller" lived on the site for several years. Muller constructed a house and developed a hamlet nearby, known as Bronder's Hollow. After he left the region in 1814, the house and hamlet fell into disrepair; Muller's home burnt down in the early 20th century and Bronder's Hollow all but disappeared. Muller's true identity was a popular subject of discussion in upstate New York for decades following his disappearance.

In the 1930s, the land was purchased by New York State, and it has since been a state forest. It was the site of a juvenile prison, Camp Georgetown, from 1960 to 2011.

New York State Forests
New York State Forests are public lands administered by the Division of Lands and Forests of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). New York State Forests are designated as reforestation, multiple use, and unique areas; and state nature and historic preserves, with approximately 600,000 acres (2,400 km2) classified as reforestation areas and approximately 9,000 acres (36 km2) classified as multiple use lands. Land within the Adirondack Park or the Catskill Park is not included as part of the State Forest system.