hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernst-Wiggo Sandbakk
Ernst-Wiggo Sandbakk (born 28 September 1957) is a Norwegian jazz musician (drums) and music teacher. Known from a series of concerts, festival performances and records with the likes of DumDum Boys, Thorgeir Stubø, Frode Alnæs, Palle Mikkelborg, Terje Bjørklund, Vigleik Storaas, Bjørn Alterhaug, Nils Petter Molvær, Knut Riisnæs, John Pål Inderberg, Sondre Meisfjord, Jan Gunnar Hoff, Kjersti Stubø and Henning Sommerro.

John Pål Inderberg
John Pål Inderberg (born 6 August 1950 Steinkjer, Norway) is a versatile saxophonist and one of the leading traditional musicians in Norway. His playing synthethises many different styles, not least when in partnership with Norwegian and American jazz musicians - players as contrasting as Gil Evans and Lee Konitz.
Sarah Sewall
Sarah Sewall (born August 21, 1961) is Executive Vice President for Policy at In-Q-Tel, a strategic investor for the national security community. A national security expert whose career spans government service and academia, she most recently served as Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, where she was the key architect of the Obama administration's preventive approach to combatting violent extremism abroad. At both the Pentagon and State Department, she built and led organizations that integrated security and human rights in their policy and operational work. She spent ten years as a professor at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, where she directed the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy. In partnership with U.S. military leaders, she helped revise U.S. counterinsurgency doctrine, led groundbreaking field assessments of U.S. civilian casualty mitigation efforts, and created new operational concepts for halting mass atrocities.

Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights
The under secretary for civilian security, democracy, and human rights is a position within the U.S. Department of State that leads the State Department's efforts to prevent and counter threats to civilian security. The under secretary oversees the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, the Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, the Bureau of Global Health Security and Diplomacy, the Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, the Office of Global Criminal Justice, and the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons.

Previously known as the under secretary for democracy and global affairs, the position was renamed in 2012, during the Obama administration.

On April 22, 2025, Secretary of State Marco Rubio said that the position will be abolished.
South Dakota Highway 17
South Dakota Highway 17 (SD 17) is a 1-mile-long (1.6 km) state highway in southeastern South Dakota, United States. It runs along the eastern edge of Lennox. SD 17 formerly continued south to what is now SD 46 near Centerville, and north to SD 42 west of Sioux Falls.

South Dakota Highway 46
South Dakota Highway 46 is a 105.535-mile (169.842 km) state highway in South Dakota, United States, that runs west to east across the southeastern part of the state. It begins at the junction of U.S. Highway 18 and U.S. Highway 281 in Pickstown, and runs due east to nearly the Iowa border, before curving south to cross the border and meeting Iowa Highway 10.
History of the United States Coast Guard
The history of the United States Coast Guard goes back to the United States Revenue Cutter Service, which was founded on 4 August 1790 as part of the Department of the Treasury. The Revenue Cutter Service and the United States Life-Saving Service were merged to become the Coast Guard per 14 U.S.C. § 101 which states: "The Coast Guard as established January 28, 1915, shall be a military service and a branch of the armed forces of the United States at all times." In 1939 the United States Lighthouse Service was merged into the Coast Guard. The Coast Guard itself was moved to the Department of Transportation in 1967, and on 1 March 2003 it became part of the Department of Homeland Security. However, under 14 U.S.C. § 3 as amended by section 211 of the Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act of 2006, upon the declaration of war and when Congress so directs in the declaration, or when the president directs, the Coast Guard operates as a service in the Department of the Navy.

United States Life-Saving Service
The United States Life-Saving Service was a United States government agency that grew out of private and local humanitarian efforts to save the lives of shipwrecked mariners and passengers. It began in 1848 and ultimately merged with the Revenue Cutter Service to form the United States Coast Guard in 1915.
Gastrolobium praemorsum
Gastrolobium praemorsum is a scrambling shrub which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a member of the family Fabaceae and produces red pea-flowers from late winter to early summer (August to December in Australia). It is not known whether this species shares the toxic properties of many other members of the genus Gastrolobium.

Gastrolobium
Gastrolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia.

A significant number of the species accumulate monofluoroacetate (the key ingredient of the poison known commonly as 1080), which caused introduced/non native animal deaths from the 1840s in Western Australia. The controversy over the cause of the stock poisoning in that time involved the botanist James Drummond in a series of tests to ascertain the cause of the poisoning, which was determined to be caused primarily by the plants York Road poison (G. calycinum) and Champion Bay poison (G. oxylobioides).

In the 1930s and 1940s C.A. Gardner and H.W. Bennetts identified other species in Western Australia, leading to the publication of The Toxic Plants of Western Australia in 1956.

The base chromosome number of Gastrolobium is 2n = 16.
Washington State Route 181
State Route 181 (SR 181, named the Valley Highway) is a 6.05-mile-long (9.74 km) state highway serving King County in the U.S. state of Washington. The highway, travelling north parallel to the Green River, begins at SR 516 in Kent and ends at an interchange with Interstate 405 (I-405) in Tukwila. The highway primarily serves as an alternate route to the SR 167 freeway, which travels east parallel to SR 181.

The original route, between Auburn and Rainier Valley in Seattle, was originally established in 1931 as a branch of Primary State Highway 1 (PSH 1) and in 1937 as Secondary State Highway 5M (SSH 5M). SSH 5M was renumbered to SSH 2M in 1959 and became SR 181 after the 1964 highway renumbering. SR 181 was shortened twice in the 1970s from Seattle to Tukwila and once more in 1991 from Auburn to Kent to form its present route, no longer connected to parent route SR 18.

1964 state highway renumbering (Washington)
The 1964 state highway renumbering was a reorganization of state highways in the U.S. state of Washington. The new system, based on sign routes (SR, later changed to state routes), replaced the primary and secondary highway system implemented in 1937. It was first signed in January 1964 and codified into the Revised Code of Washington in 1970.
Crowmarsh Gifford
Crowmarsh Gifford, commonly known as Crowmarsh, is a village in the civil parish of Crowmarsh, in the South Oxfordshire district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. It is beside the River Thames opposite the market town of Wallingford, the two linked by Wallingford Bridge. Crowmarsh parish also includes the hamlet of Newnham Murren, which is now merged with the village; the hamlet of Mongewell, and the village of North Stoke 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south.

North Stoke, Oxfordshire
North Stoke is a small village beside the River Thames in the civil parish of Crowmarsh, in the South Oxfordshire district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the market town of Wallingford. Its 'Church of St Mary' is a Grade I listed building. In 1931 the parish had a population of 190. On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished to form Crowmarsh. The town currently holds a population of 227.
Parga
Parga (Greek: Πάργα, Párga, pronounced [ˈpaɾɣa]) is a town and municipality located in the northwestern part of the regional unit of Preveza in Epirus, northwestern Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Kanallaki. Parga lies on the Ionian coast between the cities of Preveza and Igoumenitsa. It is a resort town known for its natural environment.

Preveza
Preveza (Greek: Πρέβεζα, pronounced [ˈpreveza]) is a city in the region of Epirus, northwestern Greece, located on the northern peninsula of the mouth of the Ambracian Gulf. It is the capital of the regional unit of Preveza, which comprises the southern part of Epirus. Preveza is connected to Aktio in Central Greece by the Aktio-Preveza Immersed Tunnel, the only undersea tunnel in Greece. The ruins of the ancient city of Nicopolis lie 7 kilometres (4 miles) north of Preveza.
KAIA (FM)
KAIA (95.9 FM) is an noncommercial radio station that is licensed to La Mirada, California, and serves Orange County and southern Los Angeles County. The station is owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF). KAIA broadcasts a contemporary worship music via EMF's nationwide Air1 network.

Air1
Air1 is an American Christian radio network owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), a non-profit Christian ministry. It primarily broadcasts contemporary worship music, and is a sister to the EMF's K-Love network.
Brightkite
Brightkite was a location-based social networking website. Users were able to "check in" at places by using text messaging or one of the mobile applications and they were able to see who is nearby and who has been there before. The service was created in 2007 by Brady Becker, Martin May, and Alan Seideman who previously founded the SMS notification service Loopnote. In April 2009 Brightkite was acquired by mobile social network Limbo.

By December 2011, all Brightkite apps had been pulled from app stores and the Brightkite website was replaced with a message stating, "This is not goodbye...we're just moving on to something better".

By April 2012, the Brightkite website no longer appeared to be in operation.

Geosocial networking
Geosocial networking is a type of social networking in which geographic services and capabilities such as geocoding and geotagging are used to enable additional social dynamics.  User-submitted location data or geolocation techniques can allow social networks to connect and coordinate users with local people or events that match their interests. Geolocation on web-based social network services can be IP-based or use hotspot trilateration. For mobile social networks, texted location information or mobile phone tracking can enable location-based services to enrich social networking.
Shigeichi Negishi
Shigeichi Negishi (November 29, 1923 – January 26, 2024) was a Japanese engineer who invented the earliest prototype of the karaoke machine. Using a speaker, a microphone, and a tape deck, he was able to simultaneously amplify his voice and play an instrumental backing track. Although Daisuke Inoue receives more international recognition for a similar invention, the All-Japan Karaoke Industrialist Association recognizes Negishi as the first among five independent inventors of the karaoke machine.

Daisuke Inoue
Daisuke Inoue (井上 大佑, Inoue Daisuke; born May 10, 1940) is a Japanese businessman best known as an inventor of the karaoke machine. Inoue, a musician in his youth employed in backing businesspeople who wanted to sing in bars, invented the machine as a means of allowing them to sing without live back-up. He did not patent the machine and so did not directly profit, but he continued to work in the industry it generated, including patenting a protective pesticide for karaoke machines. Named one of Time magazine's "Most Influential Asians of the Century" in 1999, he was awarded the Ig Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 and in 2005 was the subject of the Japanese biographical film Karaoke.

Recent studies have revealed the existence of several people who invented and commercialized karaoke machines prior to Inoue.
Michael Dokeianos
Michael Dokeianos (Greek: Μιχαήλ Δοκειανός), erroneously called Doukeianos by some modern writers, was a Byzantine nobleman and military leader, who married into the Komnenos family. He was active in Sicily under George Maniakes before going to Southern Italy as Catepan of Italy in 1040–41. He was recalled after being twice defeated in battle during the Lombard-Norman revolt of 1041, a decisive moment in the eventual Norman conquest of southern Italy. He is next recorded in 1050, fighting against a Pecheneg raid in Thrace. He was captured during battle but managed to maim the Pecheneg leader, after which he was put to death and mutilated.

George Maniakes
George Maniakes (Greek: Γεώργιος Μανιάκης; Italian: Giorgio Maniace; died 1043) was a prominent general of the Byzantine Empire during the 11th century. He was the catepan of Italy in 1042. He is known as Gyrgir in Scandinavian sagas. He is popularly said to have been extremely tall and well built, almost a giant.
Stray FM
Stray FM was an Independent Local Radio station serving the western half of North Yorkshire, and sections of West Yorkshire, to the north of Leeds and Bradford, England. The original licence covered the towns of Harrogate and Ripon and the surrounding areas.. From 1 February 2012 the station expanded to cover the Yorkshire Dales.

As part of a rebrand, the station was folded into Greatest Hits Radio Harrogate & The Yorkshire Dales on 1 September 2020.

Greatest Hits Radio
Greatest Hits Radio (GHR) is a classic hits radio network in the United Kingdom, owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK. It currently includes 18 local and regional radio stations operating over 50 FM and DAB licences in England, Scotland and Wales, as well as a national DAB station in areas not served by a local Bauer-owned licence.

The GHR brand launched on 7 January 2019 as an "older" companion to Hits Radio, which Bauer had launched in 2018. It is a rebranding of the former Bauer City 2 Network (launched on 5 January 2015) due to the success of Radio City 2 in Liverpool on FM. All GHR stations are networked and include localised opt-outs for news, weather, travel and advertising. Until 31 October 2024, the stations aired a three-hour regional afternoon show on weekdays.

According to RAJAR data, the GHR stations have a combined weekly reach of 7.5 million people as of September 2024.
Operation Almenrausch
Operation Almenrausch was a counter-resistance operation in occupied Norway, planned and carried out by the Wehrmacht and the Nazi-controlled Norwegian Statspolitiet on 13 June 1944. It was named after the Almenrausch, an "Alpine Rose" growing in continental Europe.

Norwegian resistance movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: Motstandsbevegelsen) to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms:

Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's military administration

The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture

The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government

Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation

Civil disobedience and unarmed resistance
Measurement tower
A measurement tower or measurement mast, also known as meteorological tower or meteorological mast (met tower or met mast), is a free standing tower or a removed mast, which carries measuring instruments with meteorological instruments, such as thermometers and instruments to measure wind speed. Measurement towers are an essential component of rocket launching sites, since one must know exact wind conditions for an execution of a rocket launch. Met masts are crucial in the development of wind farms, as precise knowledge of the wind speed is necessary to know how much energy will be produced, and whether the turbines will survive on the site. Measurement towers are also used in other contexts, for instance near nuclear power stations, and by ASOS stations.

Anemometer
In meteorology, an anemometer (from Ancient Greek  άνεμος (ánemos) 'wind' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure') is a device that measures wind speed and direction. It is a common instrument used in weather stations. The earliest known description of an anemometer was by Italian architect and author Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472) in 1450.
Antonio Cafiero
Antonio Francisco Cafiero (12 September 1922 – 13 October 2014) was an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. Cafiero held a number of important posts throughout his career, including, most notably, the governorship of Buenos Aires Province from 1987 to 1991, the Cabinet Chief's Office under interim president Eduardo Camaño from 2001 to 2002, and a seat in the Senate of the Nation from 1993 to 2005.

Eduardo Camaño
Eduardo Oscar Camaño (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈðwaɾðo kaˈmaɲo] ⓘ; born 17 June 1946) is an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. He was in charge of the executive branch in a caretaker capacity, effectively acting as president, for two days between 31 December 2001, and 1 January 2002.
Thiocarboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, thiocarboxylic acids or carbothioic acids are organosulfur compounds related to carboxylic acids by replacement of one of the oxygen atoms with a sulfur atom. Two tautomers are possible: a thione form (RC(S)OH) and a thiol form (RC(O)SH). These are sometimes also referred to as "carbothioic O-acid" and "carbothioic S-acid" respectively. Of these the thiol form is most common (e.g. thioacetic acid).

Thiocarboxylic acids are rare in nature, however the biosynthetic components for producing them appear widespread in bacteria. Examples include pyridine-2,6-dicarbothioic acid, and thioquinolobactin.

2,6-Pyridinedicarbothioic acid
2,6-Pyridinedicarbothioic acid (PDTC) is an organosulfur compound that is produced by some bacteria. It functions as a siderophore, a low molecular weight compound that scavenges iron. Siderophores solubilize compounds by forming strong complexes. PDTC is secreted by the soil bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas putida.
Decré
Decré, named after the large family of merchants who founded it, is the first department store in the city of Nantes. When its new building opened in 1931 it was the largest in Europe. This store, rebuilt after the Second World War, today bears the Galeries Lafayette brand.

Galeries Lafayette
Galeries Lafayette  (French pronunciation: [ɡalʁi lafajɛt]) is an upmarket French department store chain. The flagship store is located on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. It is part of Groupe Galeries Lafayette and has been a member of the International Association of Department Stores since 1960.

As of 2025, Galeries Lafayette operates 50 stores in France (including five in Greater Paris, and 12 outlet stores), alongside ten international locations (predominantly in Asia). Galeries Lafayette is the largest European upmarket department store chain by store count.
Angelo La Barbera
Angelo La Barbera (Italian: [ˈandʒelo la barˈbɛːra]; 3 July 1924 – 28 October 1975) was a powerful member of the Sicilian Mafia. Together with his brother Salvatore La Barbera he ruled the Mafia family of Palermo Centro. Salvatore La Barbera sat on the first Sicilian Mafia Commission that was set up in 1958 as the capo mandamento, or district head, for Mafia families of Borgo Vecchio, Porta Nuova and Palermo Centro.

Gaia Servadio, an English/Italian journalist who wrote a biography on Angelo La Barbera, described him as the symbol of the quick, clever gangster – the new post-war mafioso who in the end became the victim of the many politicians he himself had built. He represented the proletariat who tried to become mafioso, middle class, and ultimately did not succeed.

Sicilian Mafia Commission
The Sicilian Mafia Commission (Italian: Commissione provinciale), known as Commissione or Cupola, is a body of leading Sicilian Mafia members who decide on important questions concerning the actions of, and settling disputes within the Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra. It is composed of representatives of a mandamento (a district of three geographically contiguous Mafia families) who are called capo mandamento or rappresentante. The Commission is not a central government of the Mafia, but a representative mechanism for consultation of independent Mafia families who decide by consensus. Its primary role is to keep the use of violence among families within limits tolerable to the public and political authorities.
Pavlo Burlakov
Pavlo Mykolaiyovych Burlakov (Ukrainian: Павло Миколайович Бурлаков; Russian: Павел Николаевич Бурлаков; born June 19, 1963) is a Russian politician and miner who has been serving as Deputy Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Sevastopol branch of United Russia in the Russian-occupied Republic of Crimea since 2019, a territory internationally recognised as part of Ukraine.

From 2010 to 2014, he served as the First Vice Prime Minister of Crimea and ex officio served as Prime Minister of Crimea upon the abrupt death of Vasyl Dzharty.

Vasyl Dzharty
Vasyl Heorhiyovych Dzharty (Ukrainian: Василь Георгійович Джарти; 3 June 1958 – 17 August 2011) was a Ukrainian politician who served as Prime Minister of Crimea from 17 March 2010 until his death in August 2011.
Cuban Rural Guard
The Cuban Rural Guard (Spanish: Guardia Rural Cubana) or the Rural Guard of the Island of Cuba was a republican paramilitary organization in Cuba established by the Provisional Government of Cuba during the 1890s.

Military Government of Cuba
The Military Government of Cuba (Spanish: Gobierno Militar de Cuba) was a provisional military government in Cuba that was established in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War in 1898 when Spain ceded Cuba to the United States.

This period was also referred to as the First occupation of Cuba, to distinguish it from a second occupation from 1906 to 1909. United States Army forces involved in the garrisoning of the island during this time were honored with the Army of Cuban Occupation Medal after its establishment in 1915.
Case Histories
Case Histories (2004) is a detective novel by British author Kate Atkinson and is set in Cambridge, England. It introduces Jackson Brodie, a former police inspector and now private investigator. The plot revolves around three seemingly unconnected family tragedies – the disappearance of a three-year-old girl from a garden; the murder of a husband by his wife with an axe; and the apparently motiveless murder of a solicitor's daughter. Case Histories has been described as Atkinson's breakthrough, and she has since published five additional novels featuring Brodie: One Good Turn (2006), When Will There Be Good News? (2008), Started Early, Took My Dog (2010), Big Sky (2019) and Death at the Sign of the Rook (2024).

When Will There Be Good News?
When Will There Be Good News? is a 2008 crime novel by Kate Atkinson and won the 2009 Richard & Judy Best Read of the Year at the British Book Awards. It is the third to involve retired private detective Jackson Brodie and is set in and around Edinburgh. It begins in Devon where six-year-old Joanna witnesses the brutal murder of her mother, sister and brother and barely escapes with her own life.