hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
14th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
The 14th Secretariat, formally the Secretariat of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was nominated by the 14th Politburo Standing Committee and approved by the first plenary session of the 14th Central Committee on 19 October 1992, in the aftermath of the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This electoral term was preceded by the 13th Secretariat and succeeded by the 15th in 1997.

14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was in session from 1992 to 1997. It held seven plenary sessions. It was preceded by the 13th Central Committee. It was elected by the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and in turn elected the 14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party.
2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak
A COVID-19 outbreak in the city of Shanghai, China began on February 28, 2022, and ended on August 7, 2022. The outbreak was caused by the Omicron variant and became the most widespread in Shanghai since the pandemic began two years prior. Authorities responded with mass COVID-19 testing and a strict lockdown of the city in an effort to uphold China's zero-COVID policy; the latter marked the largest one in the country since the lockdown of Hubei in early 2020. The outbreak caused substantial economic and social disruption across Shanghai with consequences felt elsewhere, and led to the spread of COVID-19 to other parts of China, including Beijing, Guangdong, and Hunan.

COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai
The COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai is a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first confirmed in Shanghai on 20 January 2020. As of 14 October 2022, 65,641 confirmed cases cumulatively occurred in the city, of which 3,045 cases were imported from abroad. Of the 96 active hospitalized cases ending at midnight, 94 were in stable condition and 1 was in critical condition; 61,600 had cumulatively recovered and been discharged, and 595 died.
Privolzhskaya Lesostep Nature Reserve
Privolzhskaya Lesostep Nature Reserve (Russian: Государственный природный заповедник «Приволжская лесостепь», "Cis-Volga Forest steppe Nature Reserve") is a Russian zapovednik (strict ecological reserve) situated in the watershed midway between the Volga River and the Don River.  The reserve is divided into 5 sectors, all in the western part of the Volga Uplands.   Three of the sectors are steppe terrain, and two are forests.  Rivers with upper reaches in the reserve flow into both the Don and the Volga.  Administratively, the reserve is situated in the Kuznetsky District of Penza Oblast.  The reserve was formally established in 1989 with the stated purpose of protecting representative habitat of the northern steppes, and the transition zone from steppe to forest.  Some sections of the reserve, however, have been protected since 1919.  In all, the reserve sectors cover an area of 8,373 ha (32.33 sq mi), and has additional buffer zones out to 1 km from the reserve borders.

Zapovednik
A zapovednik is an established term on the territory of the former Soviet Union for a protected area which is kept "forever wild". It is the highest degree of environmental protection for the assigned areas, which are strictly protected. Access to the public is restricted.
2004 Louisville Cardinals football team
The 2004 Louisville Cardinals football team represented the University of Louisville in the 2004 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team, led by Bobby Petrino in his second year at the school, played their home games in Papa John's Cardinal Stadium. They finished 11–1 and were the Conference USA champions with a perfect 8–0 conference record in their last season before leaving to join the Big East Conference. They were invited to and won the Liberty Bowl, defeating Western Athletic Conference champion Boise State 44–40.

2004 NCAA Division I-A football season
The 2004 NCAA Division I-A football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The regular season began on August 28, 2004 and ended on December 4, 2004. The postseason concluded on January 4, 2005 with the Orange Bowl, which served as the season's Bowl Championship Series (BCS) National Championship Game.

USC defeated Oklahoma in the Orange Bowl by a score of 55–19, which earned the Trojans their second consecutive AP title and first-ever BCS title. The Orange Bowl win and accompanying BCS title were later vacated as part of the sanctions levied against USC following an NCAA investigation. The Coaches Poll and FWAA titles were also vacated. USC appealed the decision but was denied by the NCAA, and the 2004 BCS title was officially vacated on June 6, 2011. 2004 is the only season in the BCS era not to have a national champion.
Mazda Biante
The Mazda Biante (Japanese: マツダ・ビアンテ, Hepburn: Matsuda Biante) is an 8-seater minivan introduced for the Japanese market in 2008 by Mazda, replacing the Bongo Friendee. The car fits between the Premacy and MPV in Mazda's range. The Biante is primarily aimed at younger families with small children.

The name ‘Biante’ was coined from the English word, ‘ambient,’ to create the impression of a unified interior space that contributes to a comfortable in-car experience.

Mazda MPV
The Mazda MPV (Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicle) is a minivan manufactured by Mazda. Introduced in 1988 as a rear-wheel-drive model with optional selectable four-wheel drive, this was replaced in 1999 with a front-wheel-drive version with optional all-wheel-drive in some markets. Over one million MPV models have been produced since its introduction.
1991–92 Birmingham City F.C. season
The 1991–92 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 89th season in the Football League and 3rd in the Third Division. They finished in second place in the 24-team division, so were promoted back to the second tier for the 1992–93 season. They entered the 1991–92 FA Cup in the first round proper and lost in that round to Torquay United, eliminated Exeter City and Luton Town from the League Cup before losing to Crystal Palace after two replays, and failed to progress past the preliminary round of the Associate Members' Cup.

Nigel Gleghorn was the club's top goalscorer, with 17 goals in the league, and 22 in all competitions.

After Lou Macari had quit as manager at the end of the 1990–91 season, and caretaker Bill Coldwell had persuaded all the out-of-contract players apart from Vince Overson to renew, Terry Cooper was appointed manager in August, only a week before the playing season started.

Terry Cooper (footballer, born 1944)
Terence Cooper (12 July 1944 – 31 July 2021) was an English football player and manager. He was a left back in the Leeds United team of the 1960s and 1970s, and featured for England at the 1970 Mexico World Cup. He later went on to manage both of Bristol's football teams, Birmingham City and was twice manager of Exeter City.
History, Labour, and Freedom
History, Labour, and Freedom: Themes from Marx is a 1988 book by the philosopher G. A. Cohen. This is a revision and expansion of Cohen's earlier Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence (1978). The work reprints several papers published in the 1970s and 1980s that challenged the idea that libertarianism advances freedom.

Karl Marx's Theory of History
Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence is a 1978 book by the philosopher G. A. Cohen, the culmination of his attempts to reformulate Karl Marx's theory of alienation, exploitation, and historical materialism. Cohen, who interprets Marxism as a scientific theory of history, applies the techniques of analytic philosophy to the elucidation and defence of Marx's materialist conception of history.

The work for which Cohen is best known, Karl Marx's Theory of History helped to establish analytical Marxism and was awarded the Isaac Deutscher memorial prize. Cohen's interpretation of Marx runs counter to most forms of twentieth-century Marxism, and has been criticised as a form of technological determinism.
2016 Idaho Vandals football team
The 2016 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the Sun Belt Conference during the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Paul Petrino, the Vandals played their home games on campus at the Kibbie Dome in Moscow, Idaho. A football-only member of the Sun Belt, Idaho finished the regular season at 8–4 (6–2 in Sun Belt, third).

The Vandals were invited to the Famous Idaho Potato Bowl in Boise and defeated Colorado State 61–50 to finish at 9–4. It was the program's final bowl game as an FBS team and last winning season for six years.

Paul Petrino
Paul Vincent Petrino (born May 25, 1967) is an American college football coach. He is currently a senior offensive assistant coach at Louisville. He was previously the head coach at the University of Idaho in Moscow, with an overall record of 34–66 (.340) over nine seasons.
2009 Scottish Cup final
The 2009 Scottish Cup Final was the final of the 124th season of the main domestic football cup competition in Scotland, the Scottish Cup. The final was played at Hampden Park in Glasgow on 30 May 2009. The match was contested by Rangers, who were defending the trophy having won the 2008 final, and Falkirk who last won the Cup in 1957.

Falkirk were contesting a Scottish Cup final for only the fourth time in their history, while it was Rangers' 51st appearance (winning 32 times and losing 17, with one final (1909) resulting in the cup being withheld). It was Rangers' second cup final of the season, having lost to Celtic in the League Cup Final on 15 March 2009.

2008 Scottish Cup final
The 2008 Scottish Cup Final was a football match which took place at Hampden Park in Glasgow on 24 May 2008. The match was the final of the 123rd Scottish Cup and was contested by Queen of the South and Rangers. Rangers won the match 3–2.

Queen of the South beat Aberdeen 4–3 in their semi-final, Rangers beat St Johnstone 4–3 on penalties after the match had ended 1–1 after extra time.

First Division Queen of the South were contesting a Scottish Cup final for the first time in their history. The final was four weeks after the end of Queens' league season, meaning the First Division side had not played a competitive game in that time. This was Rangers' 50th appearance in the final, winning 31 times and losing 17, with one final (1909) resulting in the cup being withheld  It was Rangers' third cup final of the season, having won in the League Cup Final and lost in the UEFA Cup Final.
Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's Rebellion
Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's Rebellion, or the Second Rebellion in Shouchun, was a punitive uprising led by Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin, two generals from the state of Cao Wei, against the regent Sima Shi and his clan. This was the second of a series of three rebellions that all took place in Shouchun (壽春; present-day Shou County, Lu'an, Anhui) in the 250s during the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history.

Three Rebellions in Shouchun
The Three Rebellions in Shouchun (also known as the Three Rebellions in Huainan) were a series of revolts that occurred in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. The rebellions broke out in the later years of Wei when the Sima clan, headed by Sima Yi, usurped state power. The military governors of Shouchun (present-day Shou County, Anhui) rose in revolt thrice in the name of a rebellion to oust the Sima clan from power. The respective leaders of the three rebellions were Wang Ling, Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin, and Zhuge Dan. All the revolts were eventually suppressed.
2006–07 AHL season
The 2006–07 AHL season was the 71st season of the American Hockey League. Twenty-seven teams played 80 games each in the schedule. The Hamilton Bulldogs won their first Calder Cup, defeating the defending champions, the Hershey Bears in the finals.

Lowell Devils
The Lowell Devils were a minor league ice hockey team in the American Hockey League playing in Lowell, Massachusetts, at the Tsongas Center. As their name implied, they were the top minor league affiliate of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League. The team was founded in 1998 as the Lowell Lock Monsters and was purchased by the Devils in 2006.

After the 2009–10 season, the Devils agreed to move the Lowell franchise to Albany, New York, where their previous AHL affiliate, the Albany River Rats, had played. The new team then became the Albany Devils.
2007 Denver Broncos season
The 2007 season was the Denver Broncos' 38th in the National Football League (NFL) and their 48th overall. A loss to the Houston Texans in Week 15 and a win by the San Diego Chargers the following Sunday knocked them out of playoff contention, marking the second year in a row they failed to make the playoffs. The Broncos' 7–9 record was their worst since 1999, their last losing season (when they went 6–10).

2007 NFL season
The 2007 NFL season was the 88th regular season of the National Football League (NFL).

Regular-season play was held from September 6 to December 30. The campaign kicked off with the defending Super Bowl XLI champion Indianapolis Colts defeating the New Orleans Saints in the NFL Kickoff Game.

The New England Patriots became the first team to complete the regular season undefeated since the league expanded to a 16-game regular season in 1978. Four weeks after the playoffs began on January 5, 2008, the Patriots' bid for a perfect season was dashed when they lost to the New York Giants 17–14 in Super Bowl XLII, the league championship game at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, on February 3.

For the first time, two divisions (the NFC East and the AFC South) had no team finish with a losing record.
1907 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1907 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1907 college football season. The Crimson finished with a 7–3 record under first-year head coach Joshua Crane. Walter Camp selected only one Harvard player, halfback Jack Wendell, as a first-team player on his 1907 College Football All-America Team.  Caspar Whitney selected two Harvard players as first-team members of his All-America team: Wendell and center Patrick Grant.

Joshua Crane
Joshua Crane (October 24, 1869 – December 7, 1964) was an American athlete who participated in a number of sports, including court tennis, golf, and polo. He was a four time United States court tennis champion and was on the team that made the finals of the 1904 U.S. Open Polo Championship.
Tatyana Mikhailovna of Russia
Tatyana  Mikhailovna of Russia (Russian: Татьяна Михайловна; 5 January 1636 – 23 August 1706) was a Russian Tsarevna. She was heavily involved with the politics of the Romanov court during the reigns of her brother Alexis and the regency of her niece Sophia.

Alexis of Russia
Alexei Mikhailovich (Russian: Алексей Михайлович, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ]; 19 March [O.S. 9 March] 1629 – 8 February [O.S. 29 January] 1676), also known as Alexis, was Tsar of all Russia from 1645 until his death in 1676. He was the second Russian tsar from the House of Romanov.

He was the first tsar to sign laws on his own authority and his council passed the Sobornoye Ulozheniye of 1649, which strengthened the bonds between autocracy and the lower nobility. In religious matters, he sided closely with Patriarch Nikon during the schism in the Russian Orthodox Church which saw unpopular liturgical reforms.

While finding success in foreign affairs, his reign saw several wars with Iran, Poland (from whom left-bank Ukraine and Smolensk were annexed) and Sweden, as well as internal instabilities such as the Salt Riot in Moscow and the Cossack revolt of Stenka Razin in southern Russia. At the time of his death, Russia spanned almost 8.1 million km2 (3.1 million sq mi).
RBS TV Santa Rosa
RBS TV Santa Rosa (channel 6) is a television station in Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, affiliated with TV Globo, member of RBS TV and owned by Grupo RBS. RBS TV Santa Rosa's studios and transmitter are located on Benvenuto de Conti Street, in Alto do Parque district

RBS TV
RBS TV is a Southern Brazilian television network owned by Grupo RBS, and one of the oldest Rede Globo affiliates. The acronym originally stood for Rede Brasil Sul de Televisão (English: "Brazil South Television Network"), but currently the network never uses its full name on-air.

RBS TV owns 12 television stations in Rio Grande do Sul. RBS TV Porto Alegre is the flagship station.

RBS TV stations produce an average amount of local and regional programming, composed mainly of news, but also drama series, documentaries, sports, variety and youth programming.
1921 Auckland Rugby League season
The 1921 season of Auckland Rugby League was its 13th. Seventy two teams played across its six main grades.

The first grade competition featured seven teams, City Rovers, Marist Old Boys, Maritime, Devonport, Fire Brigade (formerly Grafton Athletic), Newton Rangers, and Ponsonby United. City Rovers comfortably won the senior championship for the 4th time with a 8 win, 1 draw, 0 loss record ahead of Maritime who were unable to repeat their title win from the previous season. City had previously won the title in 1910, 1911, and 1916. This was to be the first of 3 consecutive titles for them. They also won the Roope Rooster knockout competition for the 3rd time after previous wins in 1916 and 1918.

Arthur Singe
Arthur Percy Singe (7 July 1898 — 5 January 1936) was a New Zealand rugby league player who represented the national side in 1925, becoming Kiwi number 179 in the process. Prior to this he played for the New Zealand Army rugby team in 1919 in Great Britain and South Africa following the end of World War I where he fought. When he returned to New Zealand he played for the Marist rugby club, and then the Marist rugby league club along with several representative sides in both codes.
1968 American Football League season
The 1968 AFL season was the ninth regular season of the American Football League, and its penultimate season prior to the AFL–NFL merger.

The season ended when the New York Jets (11–3) defeated the Oakland Raiders (12–2) in the AFL championship game on December 29 at Shea Stadium in New York City. Two weeks later, the Jets defeated the National Football League's Baltimore Colts in Super Bowl III in one of the biggest sports upsets in history.

The season was also notable as the inaugural season of the Cincinnati Bengals, which expanded the AFL to ten teams.

In anticipation of the merger, all AFL on-field officials wore uniforms similar to those used in the NFL.

AFL–NFL merger
The AFL–NFL merger was the merger of the two major professional American football leagues in the United States at the time: the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL). It paved the way for the combined league, which retained the "National Football League" name and logo, to become the most popular sports league in the United States. The merger was announced on the evening of June 8, 1966.

Under the merger agreement, the leagues maintained separate regular-season schedules for the next four seasons—from 1966 through 1969 with a final championship game which would become known as the Super Bowl—and then officially merged before the 1970 season to form one league with two conferences.
2023 Fordham Rams football team
The 2023 Fordham Rams football team represented Fordham University  as a member of the Patriot League during the 2023 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by sixth-year head coach Joe Conlin, the Rams played home games at Coffey Field in The Bronx.

2023 NCAA Division I FCS football season
The 2023 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, was organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. The regular season began on August 26 and ended in November. The postseason began in November and ended on January 7, 2024, with the 2024 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game at Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas. South Dakota State repeated as champions, defeating Montana, 23–3.
2015 Crawley Borough Council election
The 2015 Crawley Borough Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect a third of the members of Crawley Borough Council in West Sussex, England as part of the English local elections coinciding with the 2015 General Election. The seats up for election were last contested in 2011.

2011 Crawley Borough Council election
The 2011 Crawley Borough Council election took place on 5 May 2011 to elect members of Crawley District Council in West Sussex, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 24

Labour 13
Amanullinic acid
Amanullinic acid is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide. It is an amatoxin, all of which are found in several members of the mushroom genus Amanita. Amanullinic acid is relatively non-toxic( oral LD50 >20 mg/kg in mice).

Amatoxin
Amatoxins are a subgroup of at least nine related cyclic peptide toxins found in three genera of deadly poisonous mushrooms (Amanita, Galerina and Lepiota) and one species of the genus Pholiotina. Amatoxins are very potent, as little as half a mushroom cap can cause severe liver injury if swallowed.
German Agency for Quality in Medicine
The German Agency for Quality in Medicine (AEZQ) (German: Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin, ÄZQ), established in 1995 and located in Berlin, co-ordinates healthcare quality programmes with special focus on evidence-based medicine, medical guidelines, patient empowerment, patient safety programs, and quality management.

AEZQ is a non-profit organization owned by the German Medical Association and the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians.

Patient safety
Patient safety is a specialized field focused on enhancing healthcare quality through the systematic prevention, reduction, reporting, and analysis of medical errors and preventable harm that can lead to negative patient outcomes. Although healthcare risks have long existed, patient safety only gained formal recognition in the 1990s following reports of alarming rates of medical error-related injuries in many countries. The urgency of the issue was underscored when the World Health Organization (WHO) identified that 1 in 10 patients globally experience harm due to healthcare errors, declaring patient safety an "endemic concern" in modern medicine.

Today, patient safety is a distinct healthcare discipline, supported by an ever evolving scientific framework. It is underpinned by a robust transdisciplinary body of theoretical and empirical research, with emerging technologies, such as mobile health applications, playing a pivotal role in its advancement.