hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coudé Spectrograph
The Coudé Spectrograph was an instrument attached to the coudé focus of the ESO 1.52-metre telescope (coudé is the French word for elbow). Three cameras equipped with photographic plates as detectors were available. It has two cameras working at f/6 and f/14. Dispersions from 1A/mm to 18a/mm are available with a selection of three gratings, each with ruled areas of 20 x 30 cm.

The Coudé Spectrograph was installed at the coudé focus of the ESO 1.52-metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory in May 1969. It was decommissioned from the ESO 1.52-metre telescope in mid 1980s.

La Silla Observatory
La Silla Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Chile with three telescopes built and operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Several other telescopes are also located at the site and are partly maintained by ESO. The observatory is one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and was the first in Chile to be used by ESO.

The La Silla telescopes and instruments are located in the North of the Coquimbo region, 150 km northeast of La Serena, on the outskirts of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest and most remote areas in the world. Like other observatories in this region, La Silla is far from sources of light pollution and, like the Paranal Observatory—home to the Very Large Telescope—it has some of the darkest night skies on Earth.
Mike Gorman
Mike Gorman (born November 24, 1947) is an American former sports commentator. After returning from the United States Navy in the 1970s, he began working at radio and television stations in Massachusetts and Rhode Island with the help of fellow commentator Gil Santos. Starting in 1981, Gorman began providing play-by-play commentary for local television broadcasts of the Boston Celtics, doing so alongside color commentator and Celtics legend Tom Heinsohn. The duo called games together until 2020, with Gorman later retiring from broadcasting in 2024.

Outside of the Celtics, Gorman also worked with CBS, ESPN, NBC, and TBS, providing play-by-play for events like Big East basketball games, NCAA basketball tournament games, the NBA playoffs, and the Summer Olympic Games. Gorman was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2021 as a recipient of the Curt Gowdy Award.

Gil Santos
Gilbert A. Santos (April 19, 1938 – April 19, 2018) was an American radio play-by-play announcer based in the Boston area.  He called games for the New England Patriots of the National Football League and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association, served as the morning sports reporter for WBZ radio in Boston. He was an inductee of the Massachusetts Broadcasters Hall of Fame.

He retired from WBZ radio in January 2009, and was inducted into the WBZ Radio Hall of Fame on July 9, 2009. The Patriots 2012 season was his final season of radio play-by-play.
116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 116th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment (116th LAA Rgt) was a Welsh mobile air defence unit of the British Army's Royal Artillery (RA) during World War II. It served with the 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division in the campaign in North West Europe.

53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division
The 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that fought in both the First and Second World Wars. Originally raised in 1908 as the Welsh Division, part of the Territorial Force (TF), the division saw service in First World War, being designated 53rd (Welsh) Division in mid-1915, and fought in the Gallipoli Campaign and in the Middle East. Remaining active in the Territorial Army (TA) during the interwar period as a peacetime formation, the division again saw action in Second World War, fighting in North-western Europe from June 1944 until May 1945.

The 53rd Division was temporarily disbanded at the end of the war, but was reactivated in 1947 when the Territorial Army was reformed and reorganised. In 1968 the division was finally deactivated, but its 160th Brigade remains in service today. As the name suggests, the division recruited mainly in Wales, but also in Herefordshire, Shropshire and Cheshire.
2018 Franco-Ontarian Black Thursday
The 2018 Franco-Ontarian Black Thursday (French: Jeudi noir des Franco-Ontariens de 2018) occurred on 15 November 2018, when the government of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, announced a number of cuts to Franco-Ontarian institutions in the province, notably the elimination of the office of the French Language Services Commissioner and of the soon-to-be-opened Université de l'Ontario français. The cuts provoked a significant backlash from the Franco-Ontarian community, leading to the largest mass mobilisations in Franco-Ontarian history, surpassing those of S.O.S. Montfort two decades earlier, and leading to the government of Ontario mostly backing down from the cuts.

S.O.S. Montfort
S.O.S. Montfort was a Franco-Ontarian movement that fought to save Montfort Hospital, the only primarily francophone hospital in Ontario, after the Mike Harris government announced it would be shutting down the hospital in 1997. One of the largest mass movements in Franco-Ontarian history, the level of mobilisation it saw and the ultimate success of the campaign has been noted as a significant moment in the struggle for French-language rights in Ontario and in the wider Canada.
Sugiol
Sugiol is a phenolic abietane derivative of ferruginol and can be used as a biomarker for specific families of conifers. The presence of sugiol can be used to identify the Cupressaceae s.1., podocarpaceae, and Araucaraiaceae families of conifers. The polar terpenoids are among the most resistant molecules to degradation besides n-alkanes and fatty acids, affording them high viability as biomarkers due to their longevity in the sedimentary record. Significant amounts of sugiol has been detected in fossil wood dated to the Eocene and Miocene periods, as well as a sample of Protopodocarpoxylon dated to the middle Jurassic.

Abietane
Abietane is an organic compound with the formula C20H36.  It is a tricyclic, saturated hydrocarbon with an elaborate stereochemistry. It is a colorless solid.  It is of little biochemical interest except as a reference structure of the abietanes.
Chrysilla guineensis
Chrysilla guineensis is a species of jumping spider that is endemic to Guinea. It was described in 2013 based on specimens collected from the Nimba Mountains. Originally named Phintella guineensis, it was given its current name in 2018. The spider is medium-sized and typically between 4.2 and 5.6 mm (0.17 and 0.22 in) long, the female being shorter than the male. The male is generally brown and greyish-brown on its upper surfaces with yellowish patches on its abdomen. The female is light brown and yellowish grey with darker patches, although one female example is darker with a brownish-grey abdomen. The spider's reproductive system is similar to others in the genus. The male has a thin straight embolus and the female's copulatory openings are hidden in pockets formed by a groove in its epigyne, the external visible part of its copulatory organs.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Mongeperipatus
Mongeperipatus is a genus of velvet worms in the family Peripatidae from Costa Rica. The biologists José Pablo Barquero-González, Steven Sánchez-Vargas, and Bernal Morera-Brenes introduced this genus in 2020 to contain the newly discovered type species, M. kekoldi, together with another species, M. solorzanoi. A phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences placed these two species in their own monophyletic clade. Furthermore, these two species share morphological characters that indicate that these species do not belong in the other genera and instead belong together in a separate genus. The genus Mongeperipatus is named in honor of the Costa Rican biologist Julián Monge-Nájera.

Mongeperipatus kekoldi
Mongeperipatus kekoldi is a large species of velvet worm in the Peripatidae family. Males of this species have 32 or 33 pairs of legs and females have 37 to 39, but these numbers are based on only a few specimens. The large known specimen, an adult female, was 18 cm (7.1 in) long. This species is endemic to Costa Rica where it lives near streams in forests and semi-altered habitats.
Notre Dame of Marbel University
Notre Dame of Marbel University, also known by its acronym NDMU, is a private Catholic educational institution run by the Marist Brothers in City of Koronadal, South Cotabato, Philippines. It was founded in 1945 and offers pre-school, elementary, high school, college and postgraduate courses. It is the only university in Koronadal and considered the premier university in South Cotabato, with NDMU Library being one of largest in southern Mindanao. It became the first Marist university in the country in 1992, and is a member of the Notre Dame Educational Association, a network of Notre Dame schools in the Philippines under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Marist Brothers
The Marist Brothers of the Schools, commonly known as simply the Marist Brothers, is an international community of Catholic religious institute of brothers. In 1817, Marcellin Champagnat, a Marist priest from France, founded the Marist Brothers with the goal of educating young people, especially those most neglected. While most of the brothers minister in school settings, others work with young people in parishes, religious retreats, spiritual accompaniment, at-risk youth settings, young adult ministry, and overseas missions. Since the 2010s, several instances of sexual abuse within Marist-run institutions have been reported in Chile, Australia, and New Zealand.
Quirinius
Publius Sulpicius Quirinius (c. 51 BC – AD 21), also translated as Cyrenius, was a Roman aristocrat. After the banishment of the ethnarch Herod Archelaus from the tetrarchy of Judea in AD 6, Quirinius was appointed legate governor of Syria, to which the province of Judaea had been added for census purposes.

Herod Archelaus
Herod Archelaus (Ancient Greek: Ἡρῴδης Ἀρχέλαος, Hērōidēs Archelaos; 23 BC – c. AD 18) was the ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, including the cities Caesarea and Jaffa, for nine years (c. 4 BC to AD 6). As a ruler, he was part of what's known as the Herodian tetrarchy, created after the death of Herod the Great. Herod Archelaus was the son of Herod the Great and Malthace the Samaritan, brother of Herod Antipas, and half-brother of Herod II. Archelaus (a name meaning "leading the people") came to power after the death of his father Herod the Great in 4 BC, and ruled over one-half of the territorial dominion of his father. Archelaus was removed by the Roman emperor Augustus when Judaea province was formed under direct Roman rule, at the time of the Census of Quirinius.
Naomikong Point Site
The Naomikong Point Site, also known as 20CH2, is a Late Woodland period Laurel site archaeological site located in Bay Mills Township, Michigan.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

Laurel complex
The Laurel complex or Laurel tradition is an archaeological culture which was present in what is now southern Quebec, southern and northwestern Ontario and east-central Manitoba in Canada, and northern Michigan, northwestern Wisconsin, and northern Minnesota in the United States. They were the first pottery using people of Ontario north of the Trent–Severn Waterway. The complex is named after the former unincorporated community of Laurel, Minnesota. It was first defined by Lloyd Wilford in 1941.
José Manuel Pinto
José Manuel Pinto Colorado (born 8 November 1975) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

After making a name for himself at Celta, with which he made his La Liga debut, he signed for Barcelona in 2008, going on to act as backup for Víctor Valdés for the vast majority of his spell and being part of squads that won numerous titles, including three national championships and two Champions Leagues.

Pinto appeared in 160 top-flight games over 16 seasons, also representing Real Betis.

Víctor Valdés
Víctor Valdés Arribas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbiɣtoɾ βalˈdes aˈriβas]; born 14 January 1982) is a Spanish football coach and former professional player who played as a goalkeeper.

He spent most of his professional career with Barcelona in La Liga appearing in 535 official games whilst winning 21 major titles. Valdés won the Ricardo Zamora Trophy for the league's least scored-against goalkeeper five times, four of which consecutively. After leaving Barcelona in 2014, he played for Manchester United, Standard Liège and Middlesbrough before retiring in 2017.

Valdés played 20 games for Spain between 2010 and 2014, with most of his international career being as a back-up to Iker Casillas and Pepe Reina. He was part of the Barcelona team that defeated Real Madrid 6–2 and 5–0, respectively, in 2009 and 2010.
Alfred Lyttelton
Alfred Lyttelton KC (7 February 1857 – 5 July 1913) was a British politician and sportsman from the Lyttelton family who excelled at both football and cricket. During his time at university he participated in Varsity Matches in five sports: cricket (1876–79), football (1876–78), athletics (1876; selected to throw the hammer), rackets (1877–79) and real tennis (1877–79), displaying an ability that made him arguably the pre-eminent sportsman of his generation; his only rival in terms of versatility was Oxford's Cuthbert Ottaway. He was, among numerous other achievements, the first man to represent England at both football and cricket. Lyttelton was also a successful politician and served as Secretary of State for the Colonies between 1903 and 1905.

Secretary of State for the Colonies
The secretary of state for the colonies or colonial secretary was the Cabinet of the United Kingdom's minister in charge of managing certain parts of the British Empire.

The colonial secretary never had responsibility for the provinces and princely states of India, which had its own secretary of state.

From 1768 until 1966, the secretary of state was supported by an under-secretary of state for the colonies (at times an under-secretary of state for war and the colonies), and latterly by a minister of state.
K-147 (Kansas highway)
K-147 is an approximately 26-mile-long (42 km) north–south state highway in west-central Kansas. It runs from K-4 east of Brownell to Ogallah, just north of the junction with Interstate 70 (I-70) and U.S. Route 40 (US-40). K-147 serves Cedar Bluff State Park via locally maintained CC Road. The highway south of I-70 and US-40 is part of the Smoky Valley Scenic Byway. The highway travels through a mix of flat farmlands and rolling hills covered with grasslands. K-147 is a two-lane highway its entire length.

K-147 was first established on August 1, 1956, from the Trego County line north to US-40; on June 12, 1957, it was extended south to K-4. Then by 1960, I-70 was complete from south of Collyer to southeast of Ogallah. At that time, US-40 was re-routed along I-70, and K-147 was extended east along old US-40 to its present northern terminus.

U.S. Route 40 in Kansas
U.S. Route 40 (US-40) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Interstate 80 (I-80) and US-189 in Silver Summit, Utah east to US-322 and Ocean Drive in Atlantic City, New Jersey. In the U.S. state of Kansas, US-40 is a main east–west highway that runs from the Colorado border east to the Missouri border. The highway is concurrent with Interstate 70 (I-70) from Oakley to Topeka, and again through Kansas City.
Muhammad Muchlas Rowi
Muhammad Muchlas Rowi (born August 31, 1972) is the Chairman of the Indonesia Traditional Karate Federation (INATKF) as well as the Secretary General of the International Traditional Karate Federation (ITKF) for the Asia and Oceania region. Muchlas served as a delegate representing ITKF at the 28th World Congress of The Association for International Sports for All (TAFISA) held in Dusseldorf, Germany, in November 2023. TAFISA is an organization overseeing sports in 170 countries and is a partner of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), UNESCO, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Association for Sports and Leisure Facilities (IAKS). Muchlas Rowi is also an activist within Muhammadiyah and serves as an Independent Commissioner of PT Jaminan Kredit Indonesia (Jamkrindo).

International Traditional Karate Federation
The International Traditional Karate Federation (国際伝統空手連盟, Kokusai Dentō Karate Renmei) or ITKF is the international governing body for Traditional Karate. This organisation was founded by Hidetaka Nishiyama. In the early 1990s, Nishiyama's refusal to align his ITKF organization with the World Union of Karate-Do Organizations (WUKO) caused the International Olympic Committee to suspend its recognition of WUKO as amateur karate's international governing body. 
According to the IOC decision 101 from 1993 the ITKF and WUKO had been due to merge and form a unified karate organization under the IOC suggested name of WKF. The IOC further indicated its intention to recognize the merged WKF should ITKF and WUKO successfully fulfill the IOC 101 decision guidelines, but this did not eventuate. The WUKO eventually became the World Union of Karate-Do Federations in late 2008.
Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1968
Yugoslavia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1968 with the song "Jedan dan", composed by Đelo Jusić and Stipica Kalogjera, with lyrics by Stijepo Stražičić, and performed by Luci Capurso and Hamo Hajdarhodžić. The Yugoslav participating broadcaster, Jugoslavenska radiotelevizija (JRT), selected its entry through Jugovizija 1968.

Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest
Yugoslavia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 27 times, debuting in 1961 and competing every year until its last appearance in 1992, with the exceptions of 1977–1980, and 1985. The Yugoslavian participating broadcaster in the contest was Yugoslav Radio Television (JRT), which usually selected its entrant with a national final. Yugoslavia won the 1989 contest and hosted the 1990 contest.

"Neke davne zvezde" performed by Ljiljana Petrović was Yugoslavia's first entrant in the contest in 1961 and placed eighth. In the 1962 contest, "Ne pali svetla u sumrak" by Lola Novaković gave the country its first top five result, finishing fourth. This would remain Yugoslavia's only top five result until the 1983 contest, when "Džuli" by Danijel finished fourth. "Ja sam za ples" by Novi Fosili also finished fourth in the 1987 contest. In 1989, the country achieved its only victory in the contest, when "Rock Me" by Riva won.
Waggoner Ranch
The Waggoner Ranch is a historic ranch located 13 miles south of Vernon, Texas, in north Texas near the Red River and Oklahoma border. Founded in 1852 by Daniel Waggoner, it is the largest ranch within one fence in the United States. The land has been used to raise crops, beef cattle, and horses and to produce oil.

In February 2016, it was acquired by Stan Kroenke, husband of Ann Walton (niece of Sam Walton).

Ann Walton Kroenke
Ann Walton Kroenke (born December 20, 1948) is an American billionaire. Heiress to the Walmart fortune, Ann and her sister, Nancy Walton Laurie, inherited stock from their father, Bud Walton, who was the brother and an early business partner of Walmart founder Sam Walton. She is the owner of the Denver Nuggets of the NBA and Colorado Avalanche of the NHL.

Her husband, Stan Kroenke, is the majority owner and CEO of the Los Angeles Rams (NFL), Arsenal (Premier League), Colorado Rapids (Major League Soccer), and Colorado Mammoth (National Lacrosse League).

As of 2024, her net worth is estimated to be around US$10 billion, according to Forbes.
Republicanism in Barbados
On 30 November 2021, Barbados transitioned from a parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the hereditary monarch of Barbados (Queen Elizabeth II) to a parliamentary republic with a ceremonial indirectly elected president as head of state. The prime minister remained head of government while the last governor-general, Dame Sandra Mason, was elected as the country's first president on 20 October 2021, and took office on 30 November 2021.

President of Barbados
The president of Barbados is the head of state of Barbados and the commander-in-chief of the Barbados Defence Force. The office was established when the country became a parliamentary republic on 30 November 2021. Prior to that date, the head of state was Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados, who was represented on the island by a governor-general. The final person to hold that position, Dame Sandra Mason, served as Barbados' first president from 2021 to 2025, and was then succeeded by the current president, Jeffrey Bostic.
Damn Vulnerable Linux
Damn Vulnerable Linux (DVL) is a discontinued SLAX-based Linux distribution geared towards computer security students. It functions as a tool for observing and studying vulnerabilities in the Linux kernel and popular user space software. It is available as a live CD, and can be run through a virtual machine within the host operating system.

Slax
Slax is a LiveCD Linux distribution developed by Tomáš Matějíček and based on upstream customizable Linux distributions. Packages can be added by apt package manager or can be prepared as modules. The tagline for Slax refers to itself as "your pocket operating system".
Robert Nazaryan
Robert Nazaryan (Armenian: Ռոբերտ Նիկոլայի Նազարյան; 26 June 1956 – 26 January 2026) was an Armenian politician who was mayor of Yerevan from 2001 to 2003. From 2012, Nazaryan worked as the chief of the Public Services Regulatory Commission of Armenia. Nazaryan was a deputy energy minister from 1997 to 2000, minister of transport and communications (2000). As of 2018, he was the chief of Public Services Regulatory Commission.

In July 2013, President Serzh Sargsyan re-appointed him as chief of Public Services Regulatory Commission for another 5 years.

Nazaryan died on 26 January 2026, at the age of 69.

Mayor of Yerevan
The Mayor of Yerevan (Armenian: Երևանի քաղաքապետ, romanized: Yerevani k'aghak'apet) is head of the executive branch of Yerevan's government. The mayor is elected by the Yerevan City Council. Recent city council elections took place in 2018, 2017 and 2013.
Kornwestheim station
Kornwestheim station is located in the Ludwigsburg district of Kornwestheim in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Franconia Railway (German: Frankenbahn) and is a station on the network of the Stuttgart S-Bahn. It is near the junction of the Untertürkheim–Kornwestheim line (Schusterbahn) freight bypass. Kornwestheim passenger station was the site of a Deutsche Bahn car train loading facility until December 2007.

Franconia Railway
The Franconia Railway (German: Frankenbahn) is a 180-kilometre-long (110 mi) railway line in the north of the German state of Baden-Württemberg and the Bavarian province of  Lower Franconia that links Stuttgart and Würzburg. Its name comes from the fact that the majority of the line runs through Franconia. The first section of the line was opened in 1848 and is one of the oldest lines in Germany. The main line is now electrified and has been almost entirely upgraded to double-tracks.