hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NS 1600 (steam locomotive)
The NS 1600 was a series of steam engines of the Dutch national railways, Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), and its predecessors Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS), Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij (HSM) and Nederlandsche Rhijnspoorweg-Maatschappij (NRS).

Two locomotives of this series were involved in the train disaster at Twello (The Netherlands) in 1900.

Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij
The Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɔlɑntsə ˈɛizərə(n) ˈspoːrʋɛxmaːtsxɑˌpɛi]) or HSM (Holland Iron Railway Company) was the first railway company in the Netherlands founded on 8 August 1837 as a private company, starting operation in 1839 with a line between Amsterdam and Haarlem. The company remained operational until 1938, when it merged with the Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen (SS) to form the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS).
John Montgomery (Maryland politician)
John Montgomery (1764 – July 17, 1828) was an American lawyer from Baltimore, Maryland. He represented the sixth district of Maryland in the U.S. Congress from 1807 until 1811.  He served as the Attorney General of Maryland from 1811 to 1818 and Mayor of Baltimore from 1820 to 1822 and 1824 to 1826.

Maryland Attorney General
The Attorney General of the State of Maryland is the chief legal officer of the U.S. state of Maryland, serving as the state's primary prosecutor and legal representative.

The current attorney general is Anthony Brown, who was elected in 2022 and has served since 2023.
Inquirer 990 Television
Inquirer 990 Television was a Philippine terrestrial television news channel owned by Trans-Radio Broadcasting Corporation (a subsidiary of the Philippine Daily Inquirer). It was the television counterpart of radio news station DZIQ 990, broadcasting in the AM band and was the fifth station to simulcast its radio stream to television, after DZMM (DZMM TeleRadyo and PRTV Prime Media), DZRH (DZRH TV), DWAN (DWAN 1206 TV), DZRJ (Radyo Bandido TV), DWIZ (ALIW Channel 23 and DWIZ News TV), DZRB (Radyo Pilipinas 1 Television), DZRV (Radyo Veritas TeleRadyo), Abante Radyo 1494 (Abante TV), DZME 1530 (DZME Radyo TV) and 105.9 True FM (One PH and True TV). Originally on live streaming, it became available as a terrestrial subchannel on BEAM TV, and some programs are also available on analog free TV Channel 31.

Aside from the main programming feed from its radio counterpart, Inquirer 990 TV also aired its exclusive original programs.

Philippine Daily Inquirer
The Philippine Daily Inquirer (PDI), or simply the Inquirer, is an English-language newspaper in the Philippines. Founded in 1985, it is often regarded as the Philippines' newspaper of record. The newspaper is the most awarded broadsheet in the Philippines and the multimedia group, called The Inquirer Group, reaches 54 million people across several platforms.
Annie Lööf
Annie Marie Therése Lööf (née Johansson, [ˈǎnːɪ maˈriː tɛˈreːs ˈløːv ˈjûːanˌsɔn] ⓘ; born 16 July 1983) is a Swedish former politician and lawyer. She was Member of the Riksdag, representing her home constituency of Jönköping County, from 2006 to 2023, and leader of the Centre Party from September 2011 to February 2023. Lööf served as Minister for Enterprise from 2011 to 2014, in the Reinfeldt Cabinet.

Ministry of Climate and Enterprise (Sweden)
The Ministry of Climate and Enterprise (Swedish: Klimat- och näringsdepartementet) is a ministry in the Government of Sweden responsible for policies related to the climate, the natural environment, energy, enterprise, innovation, radiation safety, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, outdoor life and circular economy.

The ministry is currently headed by the Minister for Energy, Business and Industry Ebba Busch of the Christian Democrats. Busch is also Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden.
Santa Croce del Sannio
Santa Croce del Sannio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Naples and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Benevento.

Santa Croce del Sannio borders the municipalities of Castelpagano, Cercemaggiore, Circello and Morcone.

Benevento
Benevento (Italian: [beneˈvɛnto] ⓘ; Beneventano: Biniviento [biniˈvjendə]) is a city and comune (municipality) of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento. It is situated on a hill 130 metres (427 feet) above sea level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino (or Beneventano) and the Sabato. As of June 30, 2025, Benevento has 55,319 inhabitants. It is also the seat of a Catholic archbishop.

Benevento occupies the site of the ancient Beneventum, originally Maleventum or even earlier Maloenton. In the imperial period, its founder was deemed to have been Diomedes after the Trojan War.

Due to its artistic and cultural significance, the Santa Sofia Church in Benevento was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011, as part of a group of seven historic buildings inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.).

The patron saint of Benevento is Saint Bartholomew, the Apostle, whose relics are kept at the Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta.
Autonomous Action
Autonomous Action (Russian: Автономное действие; АД, romanized: Avtonomnoye deystviye; AD) is a Russian libertarian communist publishing group. Established in January 2002 as a federation of anarchist groups, it published the Avtonom magazine, coordinated anti-fascist patrols and organised veches as forms of popular assembly. The organisation faced repression from the Putin administration, which surveilled its members and deported one of its leading organisers. In 2013, the organisation split, with a number of members forming People's Self-Defense (NS). By the end of the 2010s, the organisation had been weakened substantially and reorganised into a small media group, focused on the Avtonom magazine and website.

Popular assembly
A popular assembly (or people's assembly) is a gathering called to address issues of importance to participants. Popular assemblies tend to be freely open to participation, in contrast to elected assemblies and randomly-selected citizens' assemblies, and are a form of direct democracy. Some popular assemblies consist of people invited from a location, while others invite them from a workplace, industry, educational establishment or protest movement. Some are called to address a specific issue, while others have a wider scope.

The term is often used to describe gatherings that address, what participants feel are, the effects of a democratic deficit in representative democratic systems. Sometimes assemblies are created to form an alternative power structure, other times they work with other forms of government.
Karen MacLeod
Karen Margaret Anne Nicolson (née MacLeod; 4 April 1958 – 8 June 2021) was a British long-distance runner. She represented Great Britain running the marathon at the 1996 Summer Olympics and 1993 World Championships in Athletics. She also represented her native Scotland in the 1994 Commonwealth Games marathon.

1994 Commonwealth Games
The 1994 Commonwealth Games (French: XVéme Jeux du Commonwealth) were held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, between 18 and 28 August 1994. It was the 15th Commonwealth Games. These were the fourth and most recent Commonwealth Games to be hosted by Canada, after Hamilton 1930, Vancouver 1954, and Edmonton 1978.

The Games featured ten sports: athletics, aquatics (diving and swimming), badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, lawn bowls, shooting, weightlifting and wrestling. Judo which had replaced wrestling in 1990 was dropped in favour of wrestling returning, the latter being dropped from the Games for the first time in 1990.
Peter J. Conradi
Peter J. Conradi FRSL (born 8 May 1945) is a British author and academic, best known for his studies of writer and philosopher, Iris Murdoch, who was a close friend. He is a Professor Emeritus of English at the University of Kingston and has been visiting fellow at Magdalen College, Oxford, and research fellow at University College London.

Royal Society of Literature
The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elected from among the best writers in any genre currently at work. Additionally, Honorary Fellows are chosen from those who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of literature, including publishers, agents, librarians, booksellers or producers. The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House. The RSL is an independent charity and relies on the support of its Members, Patrons, Fellows and friends to continue its work.
Sheetal Agashe
Sheetal Dnyaneshwar Agashe (born 17 May 1977) is an Indian businesswoman and former actress, who has been serving as the managing director of Brihans Natural Products since 2013.

A former actress, she had a recurring role from 1999 to 2003 on the sitcom Yes Boss (1999–2009), and a leading role in the independent film Minus One (2005). A self-published Hindi poet, she has also represented the interests of Indian women in business and in the healthcare industry with her appearances on the cover of the Pune edition of Femina in August 2021 and May 2022.

Women in business
The phrase women in business refers to female businesspeople who hold positions, particularly leadership in the fields of commerce, business, and entrepreneurship. It advocates for their increased participation in business.

Increased participation of women in business can be important for variation in business development, ideas, and business products. Participation also encourages the development of social networks and supports that have positive repercussions for women and for their social environment.

The status of women in business varies significantly around the world. Sometimes a lack of adequate business capital, female education, and training programs in the use of technology  can mean women are more constrained by their social and political environment than men.
FC Caracal (2004)
Fotbal Club Caracal was a Romanian professional football club from Caracal, Olt County. The club's best period was in the early 90s when Electroputere Craiova, as it was called then, played four consecutive seasons in the Romanian first league. The best ranking was obtained in the 1991–92 season when finished 3rd and qualified to UEFA Cup.

Caracal, Romania
Caracal (Romanian pronunciation: [kaˈrakal] ⓘ) is a city in Olt County, Romania, situated in the historic region of Oltenia, on the plains between the lower reaches of the Jiu and Olt rivers. The region's plains are well known for their agricultural specialty in cultivating grains and over the centuries, Caracal has been the trading center for the region's agricultural output. Caracal has a population of 27,403 and is the second largest city in the region.
Lokvičići
Lokvičići is a municipality in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, near Imotski.

Lokvičići got their name after the tribe of Lokvičići, consisting of several villages and several hamlets including Berinovac, Kljenovac, Poboj, Lokvičići, Vidulini, Dolića Draga Gornja and Dolića Draga Donja.

Situated between Biokovo and Zavelim with its hills and pastures, Lokvičići has attracted settlers for a very long time, as evidenced by numerous historical remains: tombstones from the 12th century and Roman roads. Nearby are lakes Mamic Lake (Lake Lokvičićko) Knezovic Lake, and Galipovac.

Imotski
Imotski (pronounced [ǐmɔtskiː]) is a small town on the northeastern side of the Biokovo massif in the Dalmatian Hinterland of southern Croatia, near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. The town has a generally mild Mediterranean climate which makes it a popular tourist destination.
The World Jones Made
The World Jones Made is a 1956 science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick, examining notions of precognition, humanity, and politics. It was first published by Ace Books as one half of Ace Double D-150, bound dos-à-dos with Agent of the Unknown by Margaret St. Clair.The story takes place after a nuclear war in which society is dominated by relativism, which rejects absolute truths and preaches tolerance as the highest principle. The mutant Floyd Jones, who can see into the future, plans to overthrow the system and colonise space. The story ends with the defeat of Jones, whose plans fail despite his ability to see the future due to the immutability of fate.

Mutant
In biology, and especially in genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation, which is generally an alteration of the DNA sequence of the genome or chromosome of an organism. It is a characteristic that would not be observed naturally in a specimen. The term mutant is also applied to a virus with an alteration in its nucleotide sequence whose genome is in the nuclear genome. The natural occurrence of genetic mutations is integral to the process of evolution. The study of mutants is an integral part of biology; by understanding the effect that a mutation in a gene has, it is possible to establish the normal function of that gene.
George S. Everly Jr.
George S. Everly Jr. (born May 31, 1950) is an American psychologist, academic, and author known for his work in psychological crisis intervention, disaster mental health, and human resilience. He is a co-founder of the International Critical Incident Stress Foundation (ICISF). He currently holds, or has held, academic posts as Professor in Psychology, Professor in Public Health, and associate professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Loyola University Maryland, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Established in 1893 following the construction of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Hopkins became a model for modern medical education. The school is recognized as a major center of biomedical research and is consistently ranked as one of the top medical schools in the United States.

The School of Medicine is located in Baltimore, where it shares a campus in East Baltimore with the School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, the school's primary teaching hospital. As part of the larger Johns Hopkins Medicine health system, the school is also affiliated with numerous regional hospitals and medical centers including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Suburban Hospital in Montgomery County, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C.
Jan Rutkiewicz
Jan Rutkiewicz (Polish: [ˈjan rutˈkjɛ.vit͡ʂ]; born 1944) is a Polish architect and urbanist. From 1990 to 1994, he was the mayor of the municipality of Warsaw-Downtown, one of the subdivisions of the city of Warsaw, Poland.

Śródmieście, Warsaw
Śródmieście (Polish: [ɕrudˈmjɛɕ.t͡ɕɛ]), also anglicised as Downtown, is the central district of Warsaw, the capital city of Poland. It encompasses the Old Town, the city's historic core, and is the centre of cultural, commercial and political life of the capital.
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is a charitable organisation registered in England and Wales and in Scotland. It was founded in 1889. It works to promote conservation and protection of birds and the wider environment through public awareness campaigns, petitions and through the operation of nature reserves throughout the United Kingdom.

In 2023/24 the RSPB had revenue of £169 million, 2,517 employees, 13,500 volunteers and 1.1 million members (including 195,000 youth members), making it one of the world's largest wildlife conservation organisations. The RSPB has many local groups and maintains 222 nature reserves.

Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator
The Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR; Scottish Gaelic: Oifis Riaghladair Carthannais na h-Alba) is a non-ministerial department of the Scottish Government with responsibility for the regulation of charities in Scotland.

OSCR is the independent regulator and registrar for more than 25,000 Scottish charities. OSCR is charged with developing a regulatory framework for Scottish charities, where each charity is clear about its rights and responsibilities. This framework should also foster public confidence in charities. OSCR is directly answerable to the Scottish Parliament. OSCR is based in Dundee.
Malayali diaspora
The Malayali Diaspora refers to the Malayali people who live outside their homeland of the Indian state of Kerala and the Union Territories of Mahé, India and Lakshadweep. They are predominantly found in the Persian Gulf, North America, Europe, Australia, Caribbean, Africa and other regions around the world.

Arab states of the Persian Gulf
The Arab states of the Persian Gulf (Arabic: دول الخليج الفارسي, romanized: duwal al-Khalīj al-ʿfarsi), are a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

The term has been used in different contexts to refer to a number of Arab states in the Persian Gulf region. The prominent political union of the region is the Gulf Cooperation Council, which includes all Persian Gulf states except Iraq. Most Persian Gulf states are former protectorates of the British Empire.
Konstanty Budkiewicz
Konstanty Romuald Budkiewicz (Russian: Константин Ромуальд Юлианович Будкевич; June 19, 1867, – March 31, 1923) was a Polish Catholic priest executed by the OGPU after a sham trial for "organizing nonviolent resistance against the first Soviet anti-religious campaign." His beatification process has been opened, thus giving him the title Servant of God.

Show trial
A show trial is a public trial in which the guilt or innocence of the defendant has already been determined. The purpose of holding a show trial is to present both accusation and verdict to the public, serving as an example and a warning to other would-be dissidents or transgressors.

Show trials tend to be retributive rather than corrective, and they are also conducted for propagandistic purposes. When aimed at individuals on the basis of protected classes or characteristics, show trials are examples of political persecution. The term was first recorded in 1928.
Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Gramin Aawas Yojana (lit. 'Prime Minister's Rural Housing Scheme') is a social welfare programme under the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, to provide housing for the rural poor in India. A similar scheme for urban poor was launched in 2015 as Housing for All by 2022. The scheme was officially launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 20 November 2016 from Agra.

Indira Awas Yojana was launched in 1985 by Rajiv Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India, as one of the major flagship programs of the Ministry of Rural Development to construct houses for the Below Poverty Line population in the villages.

Ministry of Rural Development (India)
The Ministry of Rural Development, a branch of the Government of India, is entrusted with the task of accelerating the socio-economic development of rural India.  Its focus is on special rural grants for health and education, piped filtered drinking water programs, public and affordable housing programs, public work programs and grants for rural roads and infrastructure. It also provides special grants to rural local bodies.

The current minister is Shivraj Singh Chouhan who has been in office since 10 June 2024, while the ministers of state are Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani and Kamlesh Paswan.
Joe S. Lawrie
Joe S. Lawrie (February 14, 1914 – February 25, 2009) was a career officer in the United States Army. He served from 1937 to 1967 and attained the rank of major general. A veteran of World War II and Operation Power Pack, Lawrie's commands included 1st Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment, 503rd Infantry Regiment, 508th Airborne Regimental Combat Team, the army section of Joint United States Military Advisory Group Thailand, and the 82nd Airborne Division, in addition to serving as acting commander of the XVIII Airborne Corps. Lawrie's awards and decorations included the Army Distinguished Service Medal, Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, and Air Medal.

Air Medal
The Air Medal (AM) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. It was created in 1942 and is awarded for single acts of heroism or meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight.
Stora Blåsjön
Stora Blåsjön (English: Big Blue Lake) is a hamlet in Frostviken, Strömsund Municipality, Jämtland, Sweden. The area is known for its wilderness and skiing opportunities. Vildmarksvägen, a 360 kilometres (220 mi) wilderness road, bypasses the hamlet. Stora Blåsjön has a moose farm and a school museum.

Jormvattnet
Jormvattnet or Jorm (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjɔrm]) is a village in Jämtland, in Strömsund Municipality, Jämtland County, Sweden. It overlooks a lake with islands, Lake Jormvattnet, and is overshadowed by a mountain, Jormliklumpen. It is a picturesque region and is used by tourists for horse riding and hiking. It had a population of 64 in 2005.
Listenbourg
Listenbourg is a fictional country created as the subject of an internet meme in October 2022, which depicts it as an extension of the Iberian Peninsula. French Twitter user Gaspard Hoelscher shared a doctored map of Europe with a red arrow pointing to the outline of a pasted country adjacent to Portugal and Spain, and joked that Americans would not be able to name the country.

The nonexistent nation went viral on social networks, with users expanding on the fictional history of the country and some major brands, national politicians, and official organisations playing along with the joke.

Photomontage
Photomontage is the process and the result of making a composite photograph by cutting, gluing, rearranging and overlapping two or more photographs into a new image. Sometimes the resulting composite image is photographed so that the final image may appear as a seamless physical print. A similar method, although one that does not use film, is realized today through image-editing software. This latter technique is referred to by professionals as "compositing", and in casual usage is often called "photoshopping" (from the name of the popular software system). A composite of related photographs to extend a view of a single scene or subject would not be labeled as a montage, but instead a stitched image or a digital image mosaic.
Samuel C. Cumming
Samuel Calvin Cumming (October 14, 1895 – January 14, 1983) was a highly decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of major general. He is most noted for his service as assistant division commander of the 4th Marine Division during Mariana Islands Campaign and previously as commanding officer of 25th Marine Regiment during Battle of Kwajalein. He was a nephew of Hugh S. Cumming, former Surgeon General of the United States.

Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.
Lemuel Cornick Shepherd Jr. (February 10, 1896 – August 6, 1990) was a General in the United States Marine Corps, 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps, Navy Cross recipient, veteran of World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.

As Commandant, he secured a place on the Joint Chiefs of Staff, gaining parity for the Marine Corps with the other military services.