hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 499
NGC 499, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5060, IC 1686 or GC 289, is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Pisces. It is located approximately 197 million light-years from the Solar System and was discovered on 12 September, 1784 by astronomer William Herschel.

The NGC 499 Group is named after the galaxy.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Katharine Asquith
Katharine Frances Asquith (née Horner; 9 September 1885 – 9 July 1976) was an English landowner and patron of the arts. During the First World War, she served as a Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse. She was the wife of Raymond Asquith and the daughter-in-law of wartime prime minister H. H. Asquith.

Lady Diana Cooper
Diana Cooper, Viscountess Norwich (née Lady Diana Olivia Winifred Maud Manners; 29 August 1892 – 16 June 1986) was an English silent film actress and aristocrat who was a well-known social figure in London and Paris.

As a young woman, she moved in a celebrated group of intellectuals known as the Coterie, most of whom were killed in the First World War. She married one of the few survivors, Duff Cooper, later British ambassador to France.

After his death, she wrote three volumes of memoirs which reveal much about early 20th-century upper-class life.
Smin Pun-Si
Smin Pun-Si (Mon: သၟိင်ပန်စီ; Burmese: သမိန်ပွန်စည်, Burmese pronunciation: [θəmèiɰ̃ pʊ́ɰ̃ zì]; d. 1422) was a Hanthawaddy commander who fought in the first four conflicts of the Forty Years' War against the northern Kingdom of Ava. A career officer serving between 1390 and 1422, Pun-Si was executed by Prince Binnya Kyan at the onset of the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1422–1423).

Binnya Kyan of Martaban
Binnya Kyan (Mon: ဗညာကေန်; Burmese: ဗညားကျန်း, Burmese pronunciation: [bəɲá dʑáɴ]; also spelled Banya Kyan or Binya Keng; c. 1395 – 1442/43) was viceroy of Martaban from 1422 to 1442/43. A son of King Razadarit (r. 1384–1421), Kyan was also governor of Dala from 1414 to 1422, with the title of Binnya Dala.

The prince fought in the Forty Years' War against the northern Ava Kingdom between 1413 and 1418. However, after his father's death in 1421, he sought Ava's assistance during the subsequent power struggle with his elder brothers Binnya Dhammaraza and Binnya Ran. He quickly soured on the plundering Ava forces, reached a power sharing deal with his brothers, and drove back the invaders. He subsequently became viceroy of the province of Martaban where he exercised considerable autonomy. He died in 1442 (or 1443) and was succeeded by his sister.
Minamoto no Mitsunaka
Minamoto no Mitsunaka (源 満仲; April 29, 912 – October 6, 997) was a Japanese samurai and court official of the Heian period. He served as Chinjufu-shōgun and acting governor of Settsu Province. His association with the Fujiwara clan made him one of the wealthiest and most powerful courtiers of his day.

Settsu Province
Settsu Province (摂津国, Settsu no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [seꜜt.tsɯ (no kɯ.ɲi), set.tsɯꜜ-]) was a province of Japan, which today comprises the southeastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. It was also referred to as  Tsu Province (津国, Tsu no Kuni, [tsɯꜜ (no kɯ.ɲi)]) or  Sesshū (摂州).

Osaka and Osaka Castle were the main center of the province. Most of Settsu's area comprises the modern day cities of Osaka and Kōbe.
Montgreenan
Montgreenan is an estate in North Ayrshire, Parish of Kilwinning, Scotland. The Lugton Water runs through the policies and farmland of Montgreenan. Nearby are the hamlets of Torranyard and Auchentiber.

Kilwinning
Kilwinning (/kɪlˈwɪnɪŋ/, Scots: Kilwinnin; Scottish Gaelic: Cill D’Fhinnein) is a town in North Ayrshire, Scotland, located on the banks of the River Garnock in Ayrshire, about 21 miles (34 km) southwest of Glasgow. Kilwinning's neighbours are the coastal towns of Stevenston to the west and Irvine to the south, while inland lies Dalry to the north. It is known as "The Crossroads of Ayrshire". Kilwinning was also a Civil Parish. The 2001 Census recorded the town as having a population of 15,908.
According to the 2022 census, the population of Kilwinning is around 16,990.
A Prayer Before Dawn (film)
A Prayer Before Dawn is a 2017 biographical prison drama film directed by Jean-Stéphane Sauvaire and written by Jonathan Hirschbein and Nick Saltrese. The film stars Joe Cole and is based on the book A Prayer Before Dawn: My Nightmare in Thailand's Prisons by Billy Moore.

A Prayer Before Dawn had its world premiere at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival on 19 May, and was released in the United Kingdom on 20 July 2018, by Altitude, and in the United States on 10 August 2018, by A24.

Altitude Film Distribution
Altitude Film Distribution is a British film distribution company, part of the Altitude Film Entertainment group. The parent company was launched in 2012 by Optimum Releasing founder Will Clarke.  Altitude Film Entertainment is vertically integrated, with divisions that handle film production, finance and international sales, as well as UK distribution.
Kano Emirate
The Kano Emirate was a Muslim state in northern Nigeria formed in 1805 during the Fulani jihad when the Muslim Hausa-led Sultanate of Kano was deposed and replaced by a new emirate which became a vassal state of the Sokoto Caliphate. During and after the British colonial period, the powers of the emirate were steadily reduced. The emirate is preserved and integrated into modern Nigeria as the Kano Emirate Council.

Jihad of Usman dan Fodio
The  Jihad of  Usman dan Fodio (Hausa: Jihadin Usman dan Fodio; ListenⓘListenⓘ) was a religio-military conflict in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon.  The war began when Usman dan Fodio, a prominent Islamic scholar and teacher, was exiled from Gobir by King Yunfa, one of his former students.

Usman dan Fodio assembled an Islamic army to lead a jihad against Gobir and other Hausa Kingdoms of northern Nigeria.  The forces of Usman dan Fodio slowly took over more and more of the Hausa kingdoms, capturing Gobir in 1808 and executing Yunfa.  The war resulted in the creation of the Sokoto Caliphate, initially headed by Usman dan Fodio himself, which became one of the largest states in Africa in the 19th century. His success inspired similar jihads in Western Africa.
United Australia Party (1997)
The United Australia Party was a minor political party in South Australia, led by Ellis Wayland. It is not related to the former United Australia Party of 1931–1945.

It contested the 1997 election, running 16 candidates and gained 1.5% of the vote in the Lower House, and ran 3 candidates and gained 1.3% of the vote in the Upper House. None of its candidates were successful and the party was disbanded after the election.

1997 South Australian state election
State elections were held in South Australia on 11 October 1997. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal Party of Australia led by Premier of South Australia John Olsen defeated the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Mike Rann, forming a minority government with the SA Nationals and independent MPs.
Nick Rawsthorne
Nick Rawsthorne (born 30 September 1995) is an English professional rugby league footballer who most recently played as a centre or winger for Oldham RLFC in RFL League 1.

He has played for Halifax in the Championship, and on loan from 'Fax at the South Wales Scorpions in League 1. Rawsthorne has also played for Hull F.C. in the Super League, and on loan from Hull at the York City Knights and Doncaster in League 1 and the Leigh Centurions in the Super League. He has also played for the Toronto Wolfpack in the Championship, and on loan from Toronto at York in League 1.

Toronto Wolfpack
Toronto Wolfpack RLFC was a Canadian professional rugby league club based in Toronto, Ontario. The club was the first and only professional rugby league club in North America, and in 2023 competed in the self sponsored TWP Canada Cup, an invitational league for North American teams organised by Toronto Wolfpack.

The club originally competed in the British rugby league system but withdrew in the 2020 Super League season due to "overwhelming financial challenges" caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The club is the first and only North American team to play in the Rugby Football League system, making it the first transatlantic rugby league team.

As of December 2025, the Wolfpack have not played any organized matches since playing in the TWP Canada Cup in 2023.
Makobola massacre
The Makobola massacre (French: Massacre de Makobola) occurred from December 30, 1998, to January 2, 1999, in the small village of Makobola, located approximately 15 kilometers south of Uvira, on the border between Fizi Territory and Uvira Territory in the South Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The Rally for Congolese Democracy (Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie; RCD), a predominantly Tutsi Rwandan-backed armed group led by Ernest Wamba dia Wamba, killed over 800 civilians, largely belonging to the Babembe community.

Bembe people
The Bembe people (Babembe in the plural) are an ethnic group based in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Kigoma Region of Tanzania. They live mainly in the territory of Fizi in South Kivu. The Bembe are also in the province of Tanganyika in the city of Kalemie. In 1991, the Bembe population of the DRC was estimated to number 252,000 and around 1.5 million in 2005.

They are representative of many ethnic traditions, including pre-Lega, Boyo-Kunda, Hemba and Bemba.
Kevin A. Gilroy
Kevin Alfred Gilroy (June 4, 1936 – November 13, 2013) was a United States Air Force (USAF) colonel and was one of the most highly decorated Electronic Warfare Officers in the USAF. After his retirement from the Air Force, he served as the mayor of the city of Gilroy.

Electronic warfare officer
In the U.S. Air Force, an electronic warfare officer (EWO) is a trained aerial navigator who has received training in enemy threat systems, electronic warfare principles and overcoming enemy air defense systems.
Mitsuo Sawamoto
Mitsuo Sawamoto (澤本 光男 Sawamoto Mitsuo, December 12, 1954) is a Japanese chemist specializing in the field of polymer chemistry, Emeritus Professor at Kyoto University, professor at Chubu University.

He is co-recipient of the Franklin Institute Award in Chemistry in 2017 with Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, for their independent discover of Atom-transfer radical-polymerization (ATRP).

Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
Krzysztof "Kris" Matyjaszewski (Polish: [ˈkʂɨʂtɔf matɨjaˈʂɛfskʲi]; born April 8, 1950) is a Polish-American chemist. He is the J.C. Warner Professor of the Natural Sciences at the Carnegie Mellon University Matyjaszewski is best known for the discovery of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), a novel method of polymer synthesis that has revolutionized the way macromolecules are made.

Matyjaszewski was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2006 and the National Academy of Sciences in 2019 for expanding the capabilities of controlled/living polymerizations and developing ATRP, a robust catalytic process for the radical polymerization of monomers. He received the prestigious Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 2011, the Dreyfus Prize in the Chemical Sciences in 2015, and the Grand Prix de la Fondation de la Maison de la Chimie, France in 2020, and the National Academy of Sciences Award in Chemical Sciences in 2023.
Patrick Dinu
Patrick Sebastian Dinu (born 12 June 2005) is a Romanian competitive swimmer specializing in sprint freestyle events. At the 2022 World Junior Championships, he won a gold medal in the 4×100-metre freestyle relay, a silver medal in the 4×100-metre mixed freestyle relay, and placed fifth in the final of the 100-metre freestyle. He is a gold medalist in the 4×100-metre freestyle relay at the European Junior Championships in 2022 and silver medalist in 2021, as well as a silver medalist in the 4×100-metre mixed freestyle relay and in 2022.

2021 European Junior Swimming Championships
The 2021 European Junior Swimming Championships were held from 6 to 11 July 2021 in Rome, Italy at the Stadio Olimpico del Nuoto. The Championships were organized by LEN, the European Swimming League, and were held in a 50-meter pool. The Championships were for girls aged 14–17 and boys age 15–18.
Goski Alabi
Goski Alabi is a Ghanaian academic, author and entrepreneur. She was the founding Dean of the School of Graduate Studies at the University of Professional Studies, Accra. She is the President of Laweh Open University, the first accredited Open University College in Ghana, established in 2014.

University of Professional Studies
The University of Professional Studies, Accra (UPSA) formerly known as the Institute of Professional Studies (IPS), is a public university in Ghana. The main campus is located in Accra. UPSA is the first university in Ghana to provide both academic and business professional education. The University of Professional Studies Act, 2012 (Act 850) changed the name of the Institute  of Professional Studies to University of Professional Studies, Accra. UPSA is nationally and internationally accredited by the National Accreditation Board (Ghana) and the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP), respectively.

It introduced the dual qualification scheme for its students ahead of the 2019/2020 academic year. With this new system, the students will be required to complete a chartered program such as the ACCA, ICAG, CIM, CIMA, ICSA and others, by the end of their degree to improve their chances of employment.
Lin Wang
Lin Wang (Chinese: 林旺; pinyin: Lín Wàng; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄌ一ㄣˊ ㄨㄤˋ; 1917 – 26 February 2003) was an Asian elephant that served with the Chinese Expeditionary Force during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and later relocated to Taiwan with the Kuomintang forces.: 15  Lin Wang lived out most of his life in the Taipei Zoo and was the most famous animal of the zoo. Many adults and children alike affectionately called the bull elephant "Grandpa Lin Wang."

Chinese Expeditionary Force
The Chinese Expeditionary Force (traditional Chinese: 中國遠征軍; simplified Chinese: 中国远征军) was an expeditionary unit of China's National Revolutionary Army that was dispatched to Burma and India in support of the Allied efforts against the Imperial Japanese Army during the Japanese invasion and occupation of Burma in the South-East Asian theatre of the Second World War.
Sail Away (The Rasmus song)
"Sail Away" is a song by the Finnish rock band The Rasmus, originally released on the band's sixth studio album Hide from the Sun on September 2, 2005. The song was written by the lead singer Lauri Ylönen. Sail away was 2nd on the United States singles list in 2005.

The music video went #1 at MTV Latino in March 2006. It has also been a popular video on many other music channels in Europe.

The single was released on October 25, 2005 by Playground Music Scandinavia. The cover of the maxi single is different from the original version. The maxi single contains the PC-program "The Rasmus Player". The image in the adjacent box is the original cover. It is the second single from the album Hide from the Sun.

"Sail Away" is a slow, melodic song featuring the violin. The strings were arranged by Jesper Nordenström and performed by Jakob Ruthberg, Anna S. Wallgren, Roland Kress, and Christian Bergqvist.

The Rasmus
The Rasmus is a Finnish rock band that formed in 1994 in Helsinki while the band members were in upper comprehensive school. The original band members were Lauri Ylönen (founder, frontman, lead singer-songwriter), Eero Heinonen (bass), Pauli Rantasalmi (guitar) and Jarno Lahti (drums). Jarno Lahti left the year after and was replaced by Janne Heiskanen in 1995. Heiskanen quit the band in 1999 and was soon replaced by Aki Hakala. Pauli Rantasalmi left the band and was replaced by guitarist Emilia "Emppu" Suhonen in 2022. Best known for their 2003 hit single "In the Shadows", the band has sold over 5 million albums worldwide and 350,000 albums in Finland alone, and has won numerous awards, both domestic and international. The band represented Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 with the song "Jezebel".
Vitaly Minakov
Vitaly Viktorovich Minakov (Russian: Виталий Викторович Минаков; born February 6, 1985) is a Russian mixed martial artist, sambist and judoka who competed in the heavyweight division. A professional competitor from 2010 till 2021, he competed for Bellator MMA, where he is the former Bellator MMA Heavyweight World Champion, M-1 Global and Fight Nights Global.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
Dortan massacre
The Dortan massacre was a massacre in which approximately 35 French civilians  were killed by Wehrmacht volunteers in the village of Dortan, Ain during World War II. It was perpetrated by Volunteer Cossack-Stamm-Regiment 5, part of the Freiwilligen-Stamm-Division, in 12–21 July 1944 during Operation Treffenfeld. It was part of a wider German anti-partisan offensive against the French Maquis de l'Ain et du Haut-Jura, which staged a massive uprising in mid-1944 along with other French resistance groups.

Ostlegionen
Ostlegionen ("eastern legions"), Ost-Bataillone ("eastern battalions"), Osttruppen ("eastern troops"), and Osteinheiten ("eastern units")  were units in the Army of Nazi Germany during World War II made up of personnel from Eastern Europe. They were a large part of the Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts.
2021–22 PGA Tour of Australasia
The 2021–22 PGA Tour of Australasia, titled as the 2021–22 ISPS Handa PGA Tour of Australasia for sponsorship reasons, was the 48th season on the PGA Tour of Australasia, the main professional golf tour in Australia and New Zealand since it was formed in 1973.

PGA Tour of Australasia
The PGA Tour of Australasia, currently titled as the Challenger PGA Tour of Australasia for sponsorship reasons, is a professional golf tour for men, owned and operated by the PGA of Australia. Official events on the tour count for World Golf Ranking points.
Kedamangalam Ali
Kedamangalam Ali was an Indian actor in Malayalam movies during the 1960s and 1970s. Born in 1932 in Kedamangalam near North Paravur in Ernakulam District, Kerala, his popular movies are Mudiyanaaya Puthran (1961), Ninamaninja Kaalppaadukal (1963), Moodupadam (1963), Ammaye Kaanaan (1963) and Bhargaveenilayam (1964). He died on 26 April 1986.

Bhargavi Nilayam
Bhargavi Nilayam (transl. The House of Bhargavi) is a 1964 Indian Malayalam-language romantic horror film directed by A. Vincent (in his directorial debut) and written by Vaikom Muhammad Basheer based on the short story Neelavelicham. The film stars Madhu, Vijaya Nirmala, Prem Nazir and P. J. Antony.

The film depicts a compassionate relationship between a talented novelist and the spirit of a beautiful lady who had been murdered. The novelist is writing the story of this lady, into whose house he has moved in as tenant. The film mirrors in a meta-cinematic fashion the close and often symbiotic relationships between Malayalam filmmakers and writers in depicting a writer at work, collaborating with an intangible agency in the form of the eponymous Bhargavi. It was the directorial debut of A. Vincent. It is generally regarded as the first horror film in Malayalam.
Pushmataha
Pushmataha (c. 1764 – December 24, 1824; also spelled Pooshawattaha, Pooshamallaha, or Poosha Matthaw) was one of the three regional chiefs of the major divisions of the Choctaw in the 19th century. Many historians considered him the "greatest of all Choctaw chiefs". Pushmataha was highly regarded among Native Americans, Europeans, and white Americans, for his skill and cunning in both war and diplomacy.

Rejecting the offers of alliance and reconquest proffered by Tecumseh, Pushmataha led the Choctaw to fight on the side of the United States in the War of 1812. He negotiated several treaties with the United States.

In 1824, he traveled to Washington to petition the Federal government against further cessions of Choctaw land; he met with John C. Calhoun and Marquis de Lafayette, and his portrait was painted by Charles Bird King. He died in the capital city and was buried with full military honors in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

Mushulatubbee
Mushulatubbee (Choctaw Amoshulit Ʋbi, "Determined to Kill") (born c. 1765, died  1838) was the chief of the Choctaw Okla Tannap, one of the three major Choctaw divisions during the early 19th century. He led his warriors to assist General Andrew Jackson in the war against the Creek Red Sticks, known as the Creek Wars.

He also was influential in getting treaties signed with the federal government, and resisting settler encroachment on Choctaw lands. When Principal Chief Greenwood LeFlore stayed in Mississippi at the time of removal, Mushulatubbee was elected as principal chief, leading the tribe to Indian Territory.
John Bogátradvány
John from the kindred Bogátradvány (Hungarian: Bogátradvány nembeli János; died April or May 1322) was a Hungarian cleric in the first decades of the 14th century, who served as archdeacon of Küküllő from around 1300 and – simultaneously – as provost of Székesfehérvár from 1307 until his death. He was also the first vice-chancellor of a unified Hungarian royal court after the years of Interregnum.

Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
The Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Hungarian: Nagyboldogasszony-bazilika) was a basilica in Székesfehérvár (Latin: Alba Regia), Hungary. From the year 1000 until 1527, it was the site of the coronation of the Hungarian monarch. After the Ottomans occupied the city in 1543, coronations of the Hungarian monarch moved elsewhere; the building was extensively damaged in a fire in 1601. It was replaced by the Cathedral Basilica of Székesfehérvár in 1777.