hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
38th (Welsh) Divisional Artillery
The 38th (Welsh) Divisional Artillery (38th (W) DA) was a Royal Field Artillery (RFA) force raised as part of 'Kitchener's Army' in early 1915. Recruited in Wales, the units served with the 'Pals battalions' of the 38th (Welsh) Division on the Western Front for three years. They also supported other formations when 38th (W) Division was out of the line. The batteries saw action at the Somme and at Ypres. During the German Spring Offensive of 1918 they operated independently of 38th (W) Division during the Battle of the Lys, and then returned to their parent division for the victorious Allied Hundred Days Offensive, in which they played a prominent part.

Pals battalion
The pals battalions of World War I were specially constituted battalions of the British Army comprising men who enlisted together in local recruiting drives, with the promise that they would be able to serve alongside their friends, neighbours and colleagues, rather than being arbitrarily allocated to battalions.

While initially popular as a means to appeal to volunteers, heavy casualties to several pals battalions would devastate local communities throughout Britain; this became particularly apparent during the Battle of the Somme. With the introduction of conscription in 1916, the remaining pals battalions were either dissolved, reorganized with other forces, or reinforced by a regionally diverse group of conscripts, ending their local character.
Buffalo Grove Lime Kiln
Buffalo Grove Lime Kiln is one of two old lime kilns in Illinois listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  The other is the Griggsville Landing Lime Kiln in Pike County.  Buffalo Grove Lime Kiln is located near the Ogle County city of Polo.  When in use, the kiln would have produced raw quicklime.  The lime kiln was added to the National Register in 2002.

Lime kiln
A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2

This reaction can take place at anywhere above 840 °C (1,540 °F), but is generally considered to occur at 900 °C (1,650 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 1 atmosphere), but a temperature around 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 3.8 atmospheres) is usually used to make the reaction proceed quickly. Excessive temperature is avoided because it produces unreactive, "dead-burned" lime.

Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) can be formed by mixing quicklime with water.
Salesianum Zug
47°09′18″N 8°30′41″E﻿ / ﻿47.154910°N 8.511475°E﻿ / 47.154910; 8.511475

The Salesianum,  also known as the "Pearl of Zug" or St. Karlshof, is a historic estate and mansion, located in the southernmost part of the town of Zug, Switzerland along the lake, in the direction of Oberwil.

Built in several stages Salesianum comprises the St. Karl Borromäus chapel (built 1615/1637), the baroque inspired Herrenhaus (built 1750) and the French-style inspired Mittelbau (built 1750-1769). The building has undergone several modifications since 1750 continuing until the present. A number of auxiliary buildings of varying age, not directly connected to the main buildings, make up the remainder of the complex as it stands today.

Zug
Zug (Standard German: [tsuːk] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [tsuːɡ̊]; French: Zoug; Italian: Zugo; Romansh: Zug; Neo-Latin: Tugium) is the largest town and capital of the Swiss canton of Zug. Zug is renowned as a hub for some of the wealthiest individuals in the world and is known for its high concentration of wealth.

The municipality had a total population of 30,934 on 31 December 2020. The official language of Zug is the Swiss variety of Standard German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Flag of Kyrgyzstan
The State Flag of the Kyrgyz Republic consists of a red field charged with a yellow sun that contains a depiction of a tündük, the opening in the center of the roof of a yurt (traditional nomadic tent). Adopted in 1992, just over seven months after the country's independence was declared, to replace the flag of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, it has been the flag of Kyrgyzstan since that year. The red on the flag is said to be inspired by the pennant lifted by Manas, the country's folk hero.

Folk hero
A folk hero or national hero is a type of hero – real, fictional or mythological – with their name, personality and deeds embedded in the popular consciousness of a people, mentioned frequently in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore; and with modern trope status in literature, art and films.
Unmasked (Pretty Little Liars)
"Unmasked" is the season finale and the twenty-fifth episode of the second season of Pretty Little Liars, which premiered on ABC Family on March 19, 2012. The forty-seventh episode overall, it was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by series creator and showrunner I. Marlene King. The episode yielded 3.69 million viewers and a 1.6 demo rating, an increase from the previous episode. It received widespread acclaim from critics, with many noting the satisfying reveal and climactic final scenes, and is often noted as one of the best episodes of the series. In particular, the performances of Janel Parrish and Shay Mitchell received critical praise.

Set chronologically in April 2011, the episode revolves around the Liars approaching to the truth of who's behind "A"'s mask, while the identity of the stalker shocks the girls and a dead body is found.

A (Pretty Little Liars)
"A" is a fictional character in the Pretty Little Liars franchise. Created by author Sara Shepard in 2006, the character serves as the main antagonist in both the television and book series. "A" has also appeared in the web series Pretty Dirty Secrets (2012).

Working as an anonymous figure, "A" is a stalker who blackmails, manipulates and tortures the main characters of the franchise. In the novel and television series, "A" has been revealed as multiple characters.
1995 CCHA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1995 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 24th CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 9 and March 18, 1995. Opening round play-in and quarterfinal games were played at campus sites, while the Finals play-in and 'final four' games were played at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. By winning the tournament, Lake Superior State received the Central Collegiate Hockey Association's automatic bid to the 1995 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

1995 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament
The 1995 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament involved 12 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's  NCAA Division I college ice hockey. It began on March 24, 1995, and ended with the championship game on April 1. A total of 11 games were played.  The top 2 seeds in each region received a bye into the tournament quarterfinals.
Joseph Ishill
Joseph Ishill (February 11, 1888 – March 14, 1966) was a Romanian-born Jewish anarchist typesetter and bookbinder who worked with The Modern School. A commercial typesetter for most of his life, Ishill is most well known for his work with The Oriole Press, which he and his wife, Rose Florence Freeman founded in 1926.

Typesetting
Typesetting is the composition of text for publication, display, or distribution by means of arranging physical type (or sort) in mechanical systems or glyphs in digital systems representing characters (letters and other symbols). Stored types are retrieved and ordered according to a language's orthography for visual display. Typesetting requires one or more fonts (which are widely but erroneously confused with and substituted for typefaces).

One significant effect of typesetting was that authorship of works could be spotted more easily, making it difficult for copiers who have not gained permission.
KwaZulu-Natal Coastal women's cricket team
The KwaZulu-Natal Coastal women's cricket team, also known as Hollywoodbets Dolphins and previously known as Natal women's cricket team and KwaZulu-Natal women's cricket team, is the women's representative cricket team for part of the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal, based primarily in Durban. They compete in the CSA Women's One-Day Cup and the CSA Women's T20 Challenge. They won the one-day competition in the 2009–10 season.

CSA Women's T20 Challenge
The CSA Women's T20 Challenge, previously known as the CSA Women's Provincial T20 Competition, is a women's domestic Twenty20 cricket competition organised by Cricket South Africa. The tournament began in the 2012–13 season, and currently sees sixteen teams competing.

Western Province are the most successful side in the history of the competition, with seven title wins. Central Gauteng are the current holders, winning the 2022–23 tournament.
Chang Ruo
Chang Ruo (Chinese: 昌若; pinyin: Chāng Ruò) was the fourth ruler of Predynastic Shang. His family name is Zi (子). He is not attested in oracle bone inscriptions at all, only being mentioned in post-Shang texts, particularly Records of the Grand Historian.

Predynastic Shang
Predynastic Shang or Proto-Shang (/ʃæŋ/; Chinese: 先商) was the tribal Shang dynasty chiefdom situated within the Xia dynasty prior the overthrow of their ruler, Jie of Xia, in traditional Chinese historiography. The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project identifies the end of Predynastic Shang as c. 1600 B.C., with the founding of the Erligang culture, which is traditionally considered to be the rough date of the Battle of Mingtiao.
Volkswagen Golf Mk1
The Volkswagen Golf Mk1 is the first generation of a small family car manufactured and marketed by Volkswagen. It was noteworthy for signalling Volkswagen's shift of its major car lines from rear-wheel drive and rear-mounted air-cooled engines to front-wheel drive with front-mounted, water-cooled engines that were often transversely-mounted.

Successor to Volkswagen's Beetle, the first generation Golf debuted in Europe in May 1974 with styling by Giorgetto Giugiaro's Italdesign.

C-segment
The C-segment is the 3rd category of the European segments for passenger cars and is described as "medium cars". It is equivalent to the Euro NCAP "small family car" size class, and the compact car category in the United States.

In 2024, the C-segment had a European market share of 13.9%.
More Perfect Union (media organization)
More Perfect Union is a progressive non-profit news media organization founded in February 2021 by Faiz Shakir. The outlet, named after a phrase in the U.S. Constitution, specializes in video reporting and opinion coverage about the American labor movement, economic policy, and corporate accountability. The aim of the news outlet is "building power for the working class."

It received the Sidney Award in 2021 for coverage of the Frito-Lay strike, and its explainer series The Class Room won a Hillman Prize in 2023 for opinion journalism. In June 2025, More Perfect Union won an Emmy Award for Outstanding News Discussion & Analysis.

The Sidney Hillman Foundation
The Sidney Hillman Foundation is an American charitable foundation that awards prizes to journalists who investigate issues related to social and economic justice and public policy. The foundation, founded in 1946, is named for Sidney Hillman, who was the founding president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America and founder of the Congress of Industrial Organizations. The foundation awards the annual Hillman Prize in the United States and Canada, and the monthly Sidney Awards. The Foundation is headed by Bruce S. Raynor, former Executive Vice President of the SEIU.
May 1994 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, May 25, 1994, with an umbral magnitude of 0.2432. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring only about 23.5 hours after perigee (on May 24, 1994, at 3:55 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Chico Banks
Chico Banks (March 7, 1962 – December 3, 2008) was an American Chicago blues guitarist and singer. He released one album, in 1997 on Evidence Music, produced by Larry Hoffman. Banks was both a band leader and sideman, having played with Chicago's blues musicians from his late teens until his death at the age of 46. He is best known for his tracks "Your Fine" and "Candy Lickin' Man". He was the son of the guitarist Jessie Banks, who played backing for the Mighty Clouds of Joy.

One commentator noted that Banks "focuses on good-time, upbeat blues". He was an influence on the guitarist and singer Reggie Sears.

Evidence Music
Evidence Music is an American jazz and blues record label founded in 1991 by Howard Rosen and Jerry Gordon. The label's name comes from the song "Evidence" by Thelonious Monk.

The label's first releases were reissues of Sun Ra albums from the catalog of the Saturn label. The catalogue also includes Nat Adderley, Art Blakey, Gil Evans, Pharoah Sanders, and blues musicians Buddy Guy, Otis Rush, and Big Joe Turner.

Evidence has reissued recordings originally recorded and issued by the Bethlehem, Black & Blue, and Theresa labels.
Keelmen
In British history, Keelmen were men who worked aboard keels ferrying coal along the rivers Tyne and Wear to collier ships moored out to sea. Keels were large barge-like vessels which were needed because the shallowness of both rivers barred access to larger vessels. The keelmen formed a close-knit and colourful community until their eventual demise late in the nineteenth century.

River Wear
The River Wear (/ˈwɪər/ ⓘ, WEER) in Northern England rises in the Pennines and flows eastwards, mostly through County Durham, to the North Sea in the City of Sunderland. At 60 mi (97 km) long, it is one of the region's longest rivers. The Wear wends in a steep valley through the cathedral city of Durham and gives its name to Weardale in its upper reach and Wearside by its mouth.
6615 Plutarchos
6615 Plutarchos, provisional designation 9512 P-L, is a Florian asteroid and suspected binary from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.1 kilometers in diameter. Discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey in 1960, the asteroid was later named after the Greek philosopher Plutarch. Its minor-planet moon was discovered in 2007.

Minor-planet moon
A minor-planet moon is an astronomical object that orbits a minor planet as its natural satellite. As of January 2022, there are 457 minor planets known or suspected to have moons. Discoveries of minor-planet moons (and binary objects, in general) are important because the determination of their orbits provides estimates on the mass and density of the primary, allowing insights into their physical properties that are generally not otherwise accessible.

Several of the moons are quite large compared to their primaries: 90 Antiope, Mors–Somnus and Sila–Nunam (95%), Patroclus–Menoetius, Altjira and Lempo–Hiisi (90%, with Lempo–Paha at 50%). The largest known minor-planet moon in absolute size is Pluto's moon Charon, which has about half the diameter of Pluto.

There are also several known ring systems around distant objects (see: Rings of Chariklo and Chiron).
John Wendell MacLean
John Wendell MacLean CV from Inverness, Nova Scotia, was posthumously awarded the Cross of Valour, Canada's highest civilian decoration for bravery on October 30, 1992 after saving his wife, son and grandson from a burning house trailer in Inverness County, Nova Scotia.

Canadian Bravery Decorations
The Canadian Bravery Decorations are a group of three Canadian decorations that are awarded for bravery. They were established in 1972 and are part of the Canadian Honours System that was created in 1967.

The Canadian Bravery Decorations recognize courageous acts in all situations not in the presence of an armed enemy. They are different from the Canada Bravery Awards, which are administered by the Royal Canadian Humane Association.

The three Canadian Bravery Decorations are as follows, in order of precedence:

Cross of Valour

Star of Courage

Medal of Bravery
Dominion 6.11 in Osaka-jo Hall
Dominion 6.11 in Osaka-jo Hall was a professional wrestling event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on June 11, 2017, in Osaka, Osaka, at the Osaka-jō Hall and was the ninth event under the Dominion name and third in a row to take place at the Osaka-jō Hall.

The event was NJPW's biggest between January's Wrestle Kingdom 11 in Tokyo Dome and July–August's G1 Climax and three of its four top matches were rematches from the January show; Hiromu Takahashi defended the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship against the 2017 Best of the Super Juniors winner Kushida, Tetsuya Naito defended the IWGP Intercontinental Championship against Hiroshi Tanahashi and in the main event Kazuchika Okada defended the IWGP Heavyweight Championship against Kenny Omega. The NEVER Openweight Championship, NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship, IWGP Tag Team Championship and IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship were also defended as part of the ten-match card.

Best of the Super Juniors
The Best of the Super Juniors (stylized as the BEST OF THE SUPER Jr. and often abbreviated BOSJ) is an annual professional wrestling tournament held by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), typically in May or June. Originally known as Top of the Super Juniors, the first tournament was held in 1988 with annual tournaments taking place since 1991. The wrestlers in the tournament are typically junior heavyweight wrestlers from promotions all over the world. NJPW has held 29 Super Juniors tournaments. Hiromu Takahashi holds the record for most tournament wins with four. Takahashi is also the only wrestler to have won three consecutive tournaments. Kanemoto holds the record for the most final appearances, having wrestled eight finals between 1997 and 2009. Liger has participated in the most tournaments, competing in all tournaments except 1995 and 2000 until his 26th and final Super Junior tournament in 2017.
Central Region Army Group
The Central Region Army Group, Spanish: Grupo de Ejércitos de la Región Central (GERC), was a military formation of the Spanish Republican Army during the last phase of the Spanish Civil War. It gathered the most powerful section of the republican military and would endure until the 1939 surrender. The GERC was under the command of general José Miaja Menant, the Defence of Madrid hero.

Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War
The final offensive of the Spanish Civil War took place between 26 March and 1 April 1939, towards the end of the Spanish Civil War. On 5 March 1939, the Republican Army, led by Colonel Segismundo Casado and the politician Julián Besteiro, rose against the socialist prime minister Juan Negrín, and formed a military junta, the National Defence Council (Consejo Nacional de Defensa or CND) to negotiate a peace deal. Negrín fled to France but the communist troops around Madrid rose against the junta, starting a civil war within the civil war. Casado defeated them and started peace negotiations with the Nationalists. Francisco Franco, however, was willing to accept only an unconditional surrender. On 26 March, the Nationalists started a general offensive and by 31 March, they controlled all of Spanish territory. Hundreds of thousands of Republicans were arrested and interned in concentration camps.
Baker v. Vermont
Baker v. Vermont, 744 A.2d 864 (Vt. 1999), was a lawsuit decided by Vermont Supreme Court on December 20, 1999.  It was one of the first judicial affirmations of the right of same-sex couples to treatment equivalent to that afforded different-sex couples. The decision held that the state's prohibition on same-sex marriage denied rights granted by the Vermont Constitution. The court ordered the Vermont legislature to either allow same-sex marriages or implement an alternative legal mechanism according similar rights to same-sex couples.

Constitution of Vermont
The Constitution of the State of Vermont is the fundamental body of law of the U.S. state of Vermont, describing and framing its government. It was adopted in 1793 following Vermont's admission to the Union in 1791 and is largely based upon the 1777 Constitution of the Vermont Republic which was drafted at Windsor in the Old Constitution House and amended in 1786. At 8,295 words, it is the shortest U.S. state constitution. Largely unchanged since 1777, Vermont's Constitution is the only active constitutional document to have been drafted and ratified outside of the United States.
German submarine UA
Two submarines of Germany have borne the name UA:

SM UA, a Norwegian A-class submarine launched in May 1914 as HNoMS A-5 and seized by Germany in August 1914. She was surrendered at the end of World War I and sold for scrap but sank en route to the breakers.

German submarine UA (1939) an Ay-class submarine launched in 1938 as TCG Batiray she was seized and renamed UA by Germany in 1939. She was scuttled in 1945

Norwegian A-class submarine
The A-class submarines were a class of three vessels of German design built by the Krupp Germania naval shipyard in Kiel, Germany from 1913 to 1914 and deployed by the Royal Norwegian Navy.

The Norwegian government purchased four submarines that were almost completed in 1913 and received three of these before World War I. The fourth, A-5, was seized by German authorities at the outbreak of war and commissioned as SM UA. It was used for coastal protection and from 1916 as a training vessel in the Baltic Sea.
Freilassing station
Freilassing station is located in the Upper Bavarian district of Berchtesgaden. It is the last German station on the railway line from Munich to Salzburg, a border station to Austria and the only station in the town of Freilassing.

The station is the junction between the Rosenheim–Salzburg, Salzburg–Berchtesgaden and Salzburg–Mühldorf lines and is used daily by about 160 trains operated by Deutsche Bahn, the Austrian Federal Railways and the Berchtesgadener Land Bahn.

Salzburg Hauptbahnhof
Salzburg Hauptbahnhof (German for Salzburg main station; abbreviated Salzburg Hbf and occasionally translated as Central Station) is the main railway station in Salzburg, capital of the federal state of Salzburg in Austria. It is the most important station in the agglomeration of Salzburg, and a major transportation hub in western Austria.
Dmitry Khovratovich
Dmitry Khovratovich is a Russian cryptographer, currently a Lead Cryptographer for the Dusk Network, researcher for the Ethereum Foundation, and member of the International Association for Cryptologic Research.

International Association for Cryptologic Research
The International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR) is a non-profit scientific organization that furthers research in cryptology and related fields. The IACR was organized at the initiative of David Chaum at the CRYPTO '82 conference.