hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicholas Carew (died 1311)
Nicholas Carew (died 1311), Lord of Moulsford, was a baron of medieval England who took part in the Wars of Scottish Independence.

He was feudal lord of Carew Castle in Pembrokeshire, feudal lord of Odrone (mod. Idrone, County Carlow) in Ireland and lord of the manor of Moulsford in Berkshire (since 1974 in Oxfordshire), was a soldier. He was the first of the Carew family to form a connection with the English county of Devon, where his descendants became very prominent until modern times. His descendants obtained three Carew baronetcies and four peerage titles, namely Baron Carew (1605) in the Peerage of England (for Sir George Carew (1555–1629), created in 1626 Earl of Totnes) and Baron Carew (1834) in the Peerage of Ireland and Baron Carew (1838) of Castle Boro in the County of Wexford, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (both for Robert Shapland Carew (1787–1856)).

George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes
George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes (29 May 1555 – 27 March 1629), known as Sir George Carew between 1586 and 1605 and as The Lord Carew between 1605 and 1626, served under Elizabeth I during the Tudor conquest of Ireland and was appointed President of Munster. He was an authority on heraldry and the author of Carew's Scroll of Arms 1588, Collected from Churches in Devonshire etc., with Additions from Joseph Holland's Collection of Arms 1579.
Bird flight
Bird flight is the primary mode of locomotion used by most bird species in which birds take off and fly. Flight assists birds with feeding, breeding, avoiding predators, and migrating.

Bird flight includes multiple types of motion, including hovering, taking off, and landing, involving many complex movements. As different bird species adapted over millions of years through evolution for specific environments, prey, predators, and other needs, they developed specializations in their wings, and acquired different forms of flight.

Various theories exist about how bird flight evolved, including flight from falling or gliding (the trees down hypothesis), from running or leaping (the ground up hypothesis), from wing-assisted incline running or from  proavis (pouncing) behavior.

Generalist and specialist species
A generalist species is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources (for example, a heterotroph with a varied diet). A specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet. Most organisms do not all fit neatly into either group, however. Some species are highly specialized (the most extreme case being monophagous, eating one specific type of food), others less so, and some can tolerate many different environments. In other words, there is a continuum from highly specialized to broadly generalist species.
Navroze Contractor
Navroze Contractor (1944–2023), fondly known as ‘NC’, was an Indian filmmaker, cinematographer, and motorbike enthusiast. He was involved in India's parallel cinema movement and is best known for his work in Duvidha, Devi Ahilya Bai, Percy, Hun Hunshi Hunshilal, and Lalach.He shot more than 50 documentary films, many of them in collaboration with his wife and well-known filmmaker Deepa Dhanraj.

He was the only male member of Yugantar, India's first feminist collective founded in 1980 by Deepa, Abha Bhaiya, and Meera Rao.

His photos of jazz musicians are displayed at the Smithsonian Museum. Certain other photos are part of the collection at London's Tate Modern art gallery.

Mani Kaul
Mani Kaul (25 December 1944 – 6 July 2011) was an Indian director of Hindi films and a figure in Indian parallel cinema. He graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) where he was a student of Ritwik Ghatak and later became a teacher. Starting his career with Uski Roti (1969), which won him the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie, he went on to win four of them in all. He won the National Film Award for Best Direction in 1974 for Duvidha and later the National Film Award for his documentary film Siddheshwari in 1989.
American Heart (film)
American Heart is a 1992 drama film directed by Martin Bell and starring Jeff Bridges and Edward Furlong. It was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award in a number of categories and won in the Best Male Lead category.

9th Independent Spirit Awards
The 9th Independent Spirit Awards, honoring the best in independent filmmaking for 1993, were announced on March 19, 1994 at the Hollywood Palladium. The nominations were announced on January 14, 1994. Actor and director Robert Townsend hosted the ceremony, which was previously a position held on to for eight consecutive years by Buck Henry.
Hongzhou school
The Hongzhou school (Chinese: 洪州宗; pinyin: Hóngzhōu Zōng) was a Chinese school of Chan of the Tang period (618–907), which started with Mazu Daoyi and included key figures Dazhu Huihai, Baizhang Huaihai, his student Huangbo Xiyun, Nanquan Puyuan and his student Zhaozhou Congshen.

The name Hongzhou refers to the Tang dynasty province that was located in the northern part of present-day Jiangxi province (the area around Nanchang). Mazu taught here during his last years and some of his disciples also taught in this region.

During the Song dynasty (960–1279), many texts were written which constructed encounter dialogues that included Hongzhou school masters as the main characters. These texts present them as iconoclastic and antinomian figures. However, modern scholars do not consider these later Song sources as reliable depictions of these historical figures.

Nanquan Puyuan
Nanquan Puyuan (Chinese: 南泉普願; Wade-Giles: Nan-ch’üan P’u-yüan; Pinyin: Nánquán Pǔyuàn; Japanese: Nansen Fugan; Korean: 남천보원 Namcheon Bowon) (c. 749 – c. 835) was a Chan (Zen) Buddhist master in China during the Tang dynasty. He was a student and Dharma successor of Master Mazu Daoyi (709–788).
Amy Williams (rugby union)
Amy Williams (born 15 December 1986) is a female rugby union player. She represented New Zealand and Hawke's Bay.

Williams made her provincial debut for Hawke's Bay in 2003 while attending Karamu High School. In 2004, she played touch rugby for New Zealand's under 19 team. She has played for the Aotearoa Māori Sevens team.

Williams made her international debut as an 18 year old for the Black Ferns on 29 June 2005 against Scotland at Ottawa. She was in the squad that won their third Rugby World Cup title at the 2006 tournament in Canada.

In 2015, Williams began a 10-month stint with Bologna in Italy's Serie A competition and coached their under-16 girls team as well.

New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.
Legislature XVII of Italy
The Legislature XVII of Italy (Italian: XVII Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) started on 15 March 2013 and ended on 22 March 2018. Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 24–25 February 2013, called after the dissolution of the houses of Parliament announced by President Giorgio Napolitano on 22 December 2012.

The Parliament was dismissed after its term was completed, when President Sergio Mattarella dissolved the houses on 28 December 2017.

At the time of its foundation, this legislature had the lowest average age (48 years) and highest percentage of female MPs (31%) in Italian history.

President of Italy
The  president of Italy, officially titled President of the Italian Republic (Italian: Presidente della Repubblica Italiana), is the head of state of Italy. In that role, the president represents national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Italian Armed Forces and chairs the High Council of the Judiciary. The president serves a seven-year term, with no term limits. The incumbent president is former constitutional judge Sergio Mattarella, who was elected on 31 January 2015, and re-elected on 29 January 2022.
Ruffin McNeill
Ruffin Horne McNeill Jr. (born October 8, 1958) is an American football coach and former player who currently serves as the special assistant to the head coach at NC State University. He previously served as the assistant head coach and outside linebackers coach at the University of Oklahoma and the assistant head coach and defensive line coach at the University of Virginia. McNeill also served as the head coach of the East Carolina Pirates from 2010 to 2015. Before being named head coach of the Pirates, McNeill served the Texas Tech Red Raiders as an interim head coach, assistant head coach, special teams coordinator, and linebackers coach.  On December 28, 2009, he was named interim head coach of the Red Raiders following the suspension and later firing of head coach Mike Leach. He served in the position until the hiring of Tommy Tuberville, who subsequently released him as defensive coordinator.

NC State Wolfpack football
The NC State Wolfpack football team represents North Carolina State University in the sport of American football. The Wolfpack competes in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Prior to joining the ACC in 1953, the Wolfpack were a member of the Southern Conference. As a founding member of the ACC, the Wolfpack has won seven conference championships and participated in 34 bowl games, of which the team has won 17. NC State is coached by Dave Doeren.

Since 1966, the Wolfpack has played its home games at Carter–Finley Stadium, the largest college football stadium in North Carolina. On September 16, 2010, NC State restored the tradition of having a live mascot on the field.  A wolf-like Tamaskan Dog named
"Tuffy" was on the sidelines for the Cincinnati game that day in Raleigh and Tuffy has not missed a Wolfpack football game in Carter–Finley Stadium since.
Rosemiro
Rosemiro Correia de Souza (born 22 February 1954), known as Rosemiro, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a right-back. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics and won a gold medal in football at the 1975 Pan American Games.

Football at the 1975 Pan American Games
The seventh edition of the football tournament at the Pan American Games was held in four cities in Mexico: Mexico City (main city of the Games), Guadalajara, Toluca, and Puebla, from 13 October to 25 October 1975. Thirteen teams competed in a round-robin competition, with Argentina defending the title. After the preliminary round there was a second round, followed by a knock-out stage.
8mm Remington Magnum
The 8mm Remington Magnum belted rifle cartridge was introduced by Remington Arms Company in 1978 as a new chambering for the model 700 BDL rifle.  The 8mm Remington Magnum's parent case is the .375 H&H Magnum. It is a very long and powerful cartridge that cannot be used in standard length actions, such as those that accommodate the .30-06 Springfield.

Rim (firearms)
A rim is an external flange that is machined, cast, molded, stamped, or pressed around the bottom of a firearms cartridge. Thus, rimmed cartridges are sometimes called "flanged" cartridges. Almost all cartridges feature an extractor or headspacing rim, in spite of the fact that some cartridges are known as "rimless cartridges". The rim may serve a number of purposes, including providing a lip for the extractor to engage, and sometimes serving to headspace the cartridge.
United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance
The Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance is a subcommittee within the House Judiciary Committee. It was previously known as the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security.

United States House Committee on the Judiciary
The United States House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the federal courts, federal administrative agencies, and federal law enforcement entities. The Judiciary Committee is often involved in the impeachment process against federal officials. Because of the legal nature of its oversight, committee members usually have a legal background, but this is not required.

In the 119th Congress, the chair of the committee is Republican Jim Jordan of Ohio, and the ranking minority member is Democrat Jamie Raskin of Maryland.
Prince A. Jackson Jr.
Prince Albert Jackson Jr. (March 17, 1925 – September 21, 2010) served as president of Savannah State College (1971–1978).  During the 1970s, he collaborated with the University System of Georgia and Armstrong State College in Savannah to develop an integration plan between the formerly all-white Armstrong State and (then) Georgia State, a historically black college (HBCU).  The plan eliminated redundancy in the teaching and business degree programs in both colleges.

Georgia Southern University–Armstrong Campus
Georgia Southern University–Armstrong Campus, formerly Armstrong State University, is one of four campuses of Georgia Southern University, a public university in the U.S. state of Georgia. Occupying a 268-acre (1.08 km2) area on the residential southside of Savannah, Georgia, the school became one of three campuses of Georgia Southern University in 2018. The university's flagship campus is in Statesboro, 50 miles (80 km) west of Savannah. The Armstrong campus is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) from downtown Savannah and 25 miles (40 km) from Tybee Island. Armstrong offers undergraduate and graduate degrees; it has a total student enrollment of approximately 5,000 students.
Nicholas Pettas
Nicholas Pettas (born January 23, 1973) is a Greek karateka, former heavyweight kickboxer and actor, who fought out of Team Spirit Tokyo, Japan. Pettas mainly competed in the promotion K-1 between 1998 and 2007, and was the winner of the K-1 Japan Grand Prix 2001.

Although an undersized heavyweight, Pettas is known for his powerful low kicks and holds notable victories over Yusuke Fujimoto, Nobu Hayashi, Musashi, Gökhan Saki and Péter Varga.

Yusuke Fujimoto
Yusuke Fujimoto (Japanese: 藤本祐介 [ɸɯʑiꜜmoto juꜜːsɯ̥ke]; born July 22, 1975) is a Japanese former heavyweight kickboxer who competed in K-1 and was the K-1 World GP 2007 in Hong Kong tournament champion. He is nicknamed "Bun Bun Maru" because of his tendency to throw big, swinging punches, and is distinguishable by his bald head and lack of eyebrows. He holds notable victories over Musashi, Dewey Cooper, and Francois Botha.
Alice Kennion
Alice Marion Kennion (née Kenyon-Stow, 6 August 1876 – 5 April 1952) was an English amateur golfer. She was a surprise winner of the 1906 Womens Amateur Championship at Burnham & Berrow Golf Club. She was the first married woman to win the championship.

Burnham & Berrow Golf Club
Burnham & Berrow Golf Club is a 27-hole members golf club in Somerset, England which has hosted many of the leading amateur golf tournaments in Britain, including the Brabazon Trophy and English Amateur.
Persiku Kudus
Persatuan Sepak Bola Indonesia Kudus (lit. 'Indonesian Football Association of Kudus'), simply known as Persiku Kudus is an Indonesian professional football club based in Kudus Regency, Central Java. Persiku is currently competing in the Championship. It has the nicknames Macan Muria and Laskar Telingsing, and its supporters are known as the SMM (Suporter Macan Muria). Persiku is headquartered at the Wergu Wetan Stadium.

Persiku's best achievement was in 2005 Liga Indonesia Second Division, as they managed to become champions in a 2–1 victory over Perserang Serang. Persiku's player Agus Santiko was the top scorer with 16 goals.

Championship (Indonesia)
The Championship, officially known as the Pegadaian Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia, organized by the I-League. The competition started in 2017 after PSSI changed the previous competition Liga Indonesia Premier Division (Indonesian: Divisi Utama Liga Indonesia).

Originally, the Premier Division was the top-tier division when it was first established in 1994 and only became the second tier in 2008 when its place in the top flight was replaced by the newly formed Indonesia Super League. The competition is usually divided into several groups because of factors in terms of geography and number of participants.
Buddhism in Bangladesh
Buddhism is the third-largest religious affiliation and formed about 0.63% of the population of Bangladesh. It is said that Buddha once in his life came to this region of East Bengal to spread his teachings and he was successful in converting the local people to Buddhism, specially in the Chittagong Division and later on Pala empire propagate and patronized Buddhist religion throughout the Bengal territory.

About 1 million people in Bangladesh adhere to the Theravada school of Buddhism, while a smaller portion are Mahayana Buddhists. Vajrayana Buddhism was once more prevalent in Bangladesh, but its following has now declined to almost none. Over 65% of the Buddhist population is concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region, where it is the predominant faith of the Rakhine, Chakma, Marma, Tanchangya, Jumma people and the Barua. The remaining 35% are Bengali Buddhists. Buddhist communities are also present in the urban centers of Bangladesh, particularly Chittagong and Dhaka.

Tanchangya people
The Tanchangya people, Tonchonga, Tanchangyas or Tonchongyas (/ˈtɒntʃɒŋɛ/) are an Chinwin valley origin ethnic group living in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh, Indian states of Tripura and Mizoram, and Rakhine state of Myanmar.

According to the 2022 census, there are 45,972 Tanchangyas in Bangladesh.
Darren Kramer
Darren Kramer (born November 19, 1991) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played in the American Hockey League (AHL). He was drafted 156th overall by the Ottawa Senators in 2011 NHL Entry Draft.

2011 NHL entry draft
The 2011 NHL entry draft was the 49th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 24–25, 2011, at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It was the first time the draft was held in the state of Minnesota since the Minnesota North Stars hosted the 1989 NHL entry draft. The top three selections were Ryan Nugent-Hopkins by the Edmonton Oilers, Gabriel Landeskog by the Colorado Avalanche, and Jonathan Huberdeau by the Florida Panthers.

The draft was also noteworthy as the venue at which the recently relocated Atlanta Thrashers franchise announced that they would be known as the Winnipeg Jets, making the announcement as they drafted Mark Scheifele with their first pick.

As of 2025 there are 42 active NHL players from this draft.
Eshmun
Eshmun (or Eshmoun, less accurately Esmun or Esmoun; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤔𐤌𐤍 ʾšmn; Akkadian: 𒅀𒋢𒈬𒉡 Yasumunu) was a Phoenician god of healing and the tutelary god of Sidon. His name, which means "eighth," may reference his status as the eighth son of the god Sydyk.

Sydyk
Sydyk (Συδυκ, in some manuscripts Sydek or Sedek) was the name of a deity appearing in a theogony provided by Roman-era Phoenician writer Philo of Byblos in an account preserved by Eusebius in his Praeparatio evangelica and attributed to the still earlier Sanchuniathon.
K. A. Manoharan
Dr. K. A. Manoharan (born 21 February 1951) is an Indian politician and was elected in as a Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Hosur constituency. He has also served as the President of the Hosur municipality in 1978. He is the eldest son of late K. Appavu Pillai. He is currently the Working President of Tamilnadu INTUC  and National Secretary of Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC).

Indian National Trade Union Congress
The Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) is a national trade union centre in India. Founded on 3 May 1947, it is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation. The INTUC claims a membership of over 30 million.
Trolleybuses in Castellón de la Plana
The Castellón trolleybus system forms part of the public transport service in Castellón de la Plana (known as Castelló de la Plana in the Valencian language), Spain, where the service is branded as the "TRAM", for Transporte Metropolitano de la Plana. The trolleybus system opened in 2008 and consists of a single route, with bus-only lanes over the entire route and optical guidance over part. An earlier trolleybus system served Castellón from 1961 to 1966.

Bus lane
A bus lane or bus-only lane is a lane restricted to buses, generally to speed up public transport that would be otherwise held up by traffic congestion. The related term busway describes a roadway completely dedicated for use by buses, whilst bus gate describes a short bus lane often used as a short cut for public transport. Bus lanes are a key component of a high-quality bus corridor (QBC) and bus rapid transit (BRT) network, improving bus travel speeds and reliability by reducing delay caused by other traffic.

A dedicated bus lane may occupy only part of a roadway which also has lanes serving general automotive traffic; in contrast to a transit mall which is a pedestrianized roadway also served by transit.
Konstantinos Tasoulas
Konstantinos Tasoulas (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Τασούλας [konstaˈdinos taˈsulas]; born 17 July 1959) is a Greek politician and lawyer who has served as the president of Greece since 13 March 2025. He previously served as President of the Hellenic Parliament from 2019 to 2025. A member of the New Democracy party, he was previously an MP for Ioannina from 2000 to 2025. He also briefly served as the Minister of Culture and Sports from 2014 to 2015 during the Antonis Samaras government.

President of the Hellenic Parliament
The president of the Hellenic Parliament is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Greece. The president's term coincides with the term of the assembly, and is chosen by a vote during the opening session, after each legislative election. Following is a list of speakers of the Hellenic Parliament or other national legislative bodies such as the Greek Senate, from the time of the Greek War of Independence till present. The official order of precedence ranks the speaker of the Hellenic Parliament in the 3rd position, after the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister.

The incumbent President is Nikitas Kaklamanis of New Democracy.
Quảng Ninh district
Quảng Ninh is a rural district in Quảng Bình province. The district capital is Quán Hàu. Quảng Ninh borders Đồng Hới to the north, Bố Trạch to the northwest, Lệ Thủy district to the south and the South China Sea to the east. Quảng Ninh has an area of 1,190.89 km2, and in 2004 the population was 90,000. The district has 25 km of coastline and a 35 km border with Laos. National Route 1, Ho Chi Minh Highway and the Hanoi–Saigon Railway crosses this district. The two main rivers are Nhật Lệ River and Long Đại River.

Quảng Ninh, Quảng Trị
Quảng Ninh is a commune in Quảng Trị Province, Vietnam. 
This is an agricultural commune.

On June 16, 2025, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly issued Resolution No. 1680/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the reorganization of commune-level administrative units in Quảng Trị Province in 2025. Accordingly, the entire natural area and population of Quán Hàu Township, Vĩnh Ninh Commune, Võ Ninh Commune, and Hàm Ninh Commune were reorganized to form a new commune named Quảng Ninh Commune.

17°23′23″N 106°39′41″E﻿ / ﻿17.38972°N 106.66139°E﻿ / 17.38972; 106.66139