hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subtract a square
Subtract-a-square (also referred to as take-a-square) is a two-player mathematical subtraction game. It is played by two people with a pile of coins (or other tokens) between them. The players take turns removing coins from the pile, always removing a non-zero square number of coins. The game is usually played as a normal play game, which means that the player who removes the last coin wins. It is an impartial game, meaning that the set of moves available from any position does not depend on whose turn it is. Solomon W. Golomb credits the invention of this game to Richard A. Epstein.

Nim
Nim is a mathematical combinatorial game in which two players take turns removing (or "nimming") objects from distinct heaps or piles. On each turn, a player must remove at least one object, and may remove any number of objects provided they all come from the same heap or pile. Depending on the version being played, the goal of the game is either to avoid taking the last object or to take the last object.

Nim is fundamental to the Sprague–Grundy theorem, which essentially says that every impartial game is equivalent (when regarded as a subgame of a larger impartial game) to a nim game with a single pile.
Moree Baths and Swimming Pool
Moree Baths and Swimming Pool is a heritage-listed swimming pool at Anne Street, Moree, New South Wales, Australia. It was the site of one of the successful protests by Aboriginal Australians for their rights during the Freedom Ride in February 1965. The site was added to the Australian National Heritage List on 6 September 2013.

National Heritage List (Australia)
The Australian National Heritage List or National Heritage List (NHL) is a heritage register, a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003. The list includes natural and historic places, including those of cultural significance to Indigenous Australians such as Aboriginal Australian sacred sites. Having been assessed against a set list of criteria, once a place is put on the National Heritage List, the provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) apply.

All places on this list can be found on the online Australian Heritage Database, along with other places on other Australian and world heritage listings.
William Henry Daniels
William Henry Daniels (June 2, 1855 – April 17, 1897) was a Hawaiian judge, lawyer, and businessman of Wailuku, Maui during the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was declined reappointment to his office as district magistrate for refusing to take an oath to the Provisional Government of Hawaii and was arrested by the Republic of Hawaii for suspected involvement in the 1895 Counter-Revolution in Hawaii.

Following his supposed involvement in the Counter-Revolution, Daniels struggled to find employment and to financially support his large family. On April 17, 1897, he committed suicide because of his economic troubles and a domestic disagreement with his wife after she had spent all of his wages. After paying the workers under his management, Daniels shot himself at his home in Kailua. He had placed his pistol in his mouth, with the ball passing through his brain and killing him instantly.

Wailuku, Hawaii
Wailuku is a census-designated place (CDP) in and county seat of Maui Island, Maui County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 17,697 at the 2020 census.

Wailuku is located just west of Kahului, at the mouth of the ʻĪao Valley. In the early 20th century, Wailuku was the main tourist destination on Maui, though it has since been eclipsed with the rise of the resort towns such as Kihei.

Historic sites in the town include Kaʻahumanu Church (named after Queen Kaʻahumanu, wife of Kamehameha I), which dates to 1876; the Wailuku Civic Center Historic District; the site of the Chee Kung Tong Society Building; and the Bailey House, a 19th-century former seminary and home that houses a history museum and the Maui Historical Society.

There are two ancient temples near Wailuku, called heiau — the Halekiʻi Heiau and the Pihanakalani Heiau. Both date back hundreds of years and were used for religious purposes by the native Hawaiians.

Wailuku is served by Kahului Airport.
José Miguel Viñuela
José Miguel Viñuela Infante (born 26 November 1974) is a Chilean television presenter and radio host.

Viñuela is known for having hosted the popular youth program Mekano (1997–2005). Similarly, he hosted the morning show Mucho gusto on Mega from 2005 to 2012, and from 2017 to 2021.

He currently hosts the TV+ program Tal cual.

Mega (Chilean TV network)
Red Televisiva Megavisión S.A., commonly known as Mega, is a Chilean free-to-air television network owned by Mega Media, a Bethia holding company. It began its transmissions on 23 October 1990 as the first private television network in the country on channel 9 in Santiago, replacing Señal 2 of Televisión Nacional de Chile. The station is a member of the Asociación Nacional de Televisión and Organización de Telecomunicaciónes de Iberoamérica, and is part of the Alianza Informativa Latinoamericana
Frank Strozier
Frank R. Strozier Jr. (born June 13, 1937) is a jazz alto saxophonist, occasional flutist and composer.

Strozier was born in Memphis, Tennessee, where he learned to play piano. In 1954, he moved to Chicago, where he performed with Harold Mabern, George Coleman, and Booker Little (like Strozier, they were from Memphis). He recorded with the MJT + 3 from 1959 to 1960 and led sessions for Vee-Jay Records.

After moving to New York, Strozier was briefly with the Miles Davis Quintet in 1963 (between the tenures of Hank Mobley and George Coleman) and also gigged with Roy Haynes. After moving to Los Angeles, he worked with Chet Baker, Shelly Manne, and the Don Ellis big band. Returning to New York in 1971, he worked with Keno Duke's Jazz Contemporaries, the New York Jazz Repertory Company, Horace Parlan, and Woody Shaw.

Woody Shaw
Woody Herman Shaw Jr.  (December 24, 1944 – May 10, 1989) was an American jazz trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, composer, arranger, band leader, and educator. Shaw is widely known as one of the 20th century's most important and influential jazz trumpeters and composers. He is often credited with revolutionizing the technical and harmonic language of modern jazz trumpet playing, and is regarded by many as one of the major innovators of the instrument. He was an acclaimed virtuoso,  mentor, and spokesperson for jazz and worked and recorded alongside many of the leading musicians of his time.
Geology of the Pyrenees
The Pyrenees are a 430-kilometre-long, roughly east–west striking, intracontinental mountain chain that divide France, Spain, and Andorra. The belt has an extended, polycyclic geological evolution dating back to the Precambrian. The chain's present configuration is due to the collision between the Iberian microcontinent and the southwestern promontory of the European plate (i.e. Southern France). The two continents were approaching each other since the onset of the Upper Cretaceous (Albian/Cenomanian) about 100 million years ago and were consequently colliding during the Paleogene (Eocene/Oligocene) 55 to 25 million years ago. After its uplift, the chain experienced intense erosion and isostatic readjustments. A cross-section through the chain shows an asymmetric flower-like structure with steeper dips on the French side. The Pyrenees are not solely the result of compressional forces, but also show an important sinistral shearing.

Albian
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.1 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian.
Embassy of the United States, Attard
The Embassy of the United States of America in Malta (Maltese: L-Ambaxxata tal-Istati Uniti tal-Amerka) is the diplomatic mission of the United States of America to the Republic of Malta. The embassy building, opened in 2011, consists of a 10 acres (40,000 m2) compound at Ta' Qali National Park in Attard, Malta.

Apart from the embassy building, there is also the official residence of the ambassador, at Villa Apap Bologna, also in Attard.

Constance J. Milstein serves as the United States ambassador to Malta since October 2022.

Attard
Attard (Maltese: Ħ'Attard) is a locality in the Northern Region of Malta. Together with Balzan and Lija, it forms part of the "Three Villages" (Maltese: It-Tliet Irħula) and has been inhabited since the Classical Period. It has a population of 12,268 as of 2021. Attard's traditional Latin motto is Florigera rosis halo ("I perfume the air with my blossoms") due to its many flower gardens and citrus orchards. Attard is abundant in public gardens. The inhabitants of Attard are known as saraċini.
Necronomicon: The Dawning of Darkness
Necronomicon: The Dawning of Darkness, also known as Necronomicon: The Gateway to Beyond and Necronomicon : L'Aube des ténèbres in French, is a 2000 video game developed by Wanadoo Edition and released for Windows and the PlayStation video game console.

Microids
Microids (formerly Microïds) is a French video game developer and publisher based in Paris. Founded in 1985 by Elliot Grassiano, it attained early success with games published through Loriciel in France and other partners (including Activision and Broderbund) in international markets. Through expanding its staff and development teams, Microïds generated funds to expand from just development to publishing and distribution and opening international offices. The company merged with MC2 in 2003 to create MC2-Microïds, whereafter it acquired publishers Wanadoo Edition and Cryo Interactive. Grassiano left MC2-Microïds in 2005; under new management, MC2-Microïds was briefly renamed MC2 before returning to the old Microïds name. It was then acquired by Anuman Interactive in 2010, which itself was renamed Microïds (then simplified to Microids) in 2019.
Mark Keane (cognitive scientist)
Mark Thomas Gerard Keane (Irish: Marcus Ó Cathain, born 3 July 1961, Dublin, Ireland) is a cognitive scientist and author of several books on human cognition and artificial intelligence, including  Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook (8 editions, with Michael Eysenck), Advances in the Psychology of Thinking (1992, with Ken Gilhooly), Novice Programming Environments (1992/2018, with Marc Eisenstadt and Tim Rajan), Advances in Case-Based Reasoning (1995, with J-P Haton and Michel Manago)., Case-Based Reasoning: Research & Development (2022, with N Wiratunga).

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Promise Land, Arkansas
Promise Land (sometimes Promised Land) is a small settlement mostly in Marion County, Arkansas.  It is close to Oakland, Arkansas, and the two are often referred to together as "Oakland–Promise Land".   The community is centered on Promise Land Road which extends across the Marion-Baxter county line.

Oakland, Arkansas
Oakland is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in northeastern Marion County, Arkansas, United States. Oakland, located on Arkansas Highway 202, is 20 miles (32 km) by road northwest of Mountain Home. Oakland has a post office with ZIP code 72661. The Oakland Campground on Bull Shoals Lake lies about three miles to the west at the end of Route 202. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census, with a population of 72.
Kimobetsu, Hokkaido
Kimobetsu (喜茂別町, Kimobetsu-chō) is a town located in Shiribeshi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

As of September 2016, the town has an estimated population of 2,286 and a population density of 12 persons per km2. The total area is 189.51 km2.

Shiribeshi Subprefecture
Shiribeshi Subprefecture (後志総合振興局, Shiribeshi-sōgō-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan.  The subprefecture's capital is Kutchan.  As of July 31, 2004, the estimated population was  256,184 and the area was 4,305.65 km2.
Curzon Wyllie
Sir William Hutt Curzon Wyllie KCIE CVO (5 October 1848 – 1 July 1909) was a British Indian army officer, and later an official of the British Indian Government. Over a career spanning three decades, Curzon Wyllie rose to be a Lieutenant Colonel in the British Indian Army and occupied a number of administrative and diplomatic posts. He was the British resident to Nepal and the Princely state of Rajputana, and later, the political aide-de-camp to the Secretary of State for India, Lord George Hamilton. Curzon Wyllie was assassinated on 1 July 1909 in London by the Indian revolutionary Madan Lal Dhingra, who was a member of India House in London.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
In the Beginning (Peter Gossage book)
In the Beginning is a 2001 New Zealand children's book by Peter Gossage, a New Zealand author. The book is a retelling of the Māori creation story and is sculpted around Māori mythology. Gossage writes about the struggle of Ranginui and Papatūānuku's children who are tired of living in the dark and trying to part their parents to allow light into Aotearoa.

Rangi and Papa
In Māori mythology the primal couple Rangi and Papa (or Ranginui and Papatūānuku) appear in a creation myth explaining the origin of the world and the Māori people (though there are many different versions). In some South Island dialects, Rangi is called Raki or Rakinui.
Samvel Shahramanyan
Samvel Sergeyi Shahramanyan (born 1 December 1978) is an Armenian politician who served as the 5th and final president of the Republic of Artsakh from 10 September 2023 to 31 December 2023. He also served as the leader of the Republic of Artsakh government in exile until 31 May 2025.

He was also State Minister from August to September 2023. He also served as Minister of Military Patriotic Upbringing, Youth, Sports and Tourism, Secretary of the Security Council of Artsakh and a Major General in the Artsakh Defence Army.

State Minister of Artsakh
The State Minister of Artsakh was a political post in the government of Republic of Artsakh. The position was introduced after constitutional amendments, which were approved in a constitutional referendum in 2017, and after the Prime Minister of Artsakh post was abolished.

Following the Azerbaijani offensive on 19 September 2023, Artsakh agreed to dissolve itself by 1 January 2024, however instead of dissolving, they established a government-in-exile in Yerevan, Armenia. The Prime Minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, has since severely opposed the government-in-exile's existence in Armenia.
Sunan al-Darimi
Sunan al-Darimi (Arabic: سنن الدارمي) or Musnad al-Darimi (Arabic: مسند الدارمي) by al-Darimi is a hadith collection considered by Sunni Muslims to be among the prominent nine collections: the Al-Kutub al-Sittah, Muwatta Malik, and Musnad Ahmad.

Despite its title as a Musnad, it is not arranged by narrator in the manner of other Musnads, such as that of Tayalisi or Ibn Hanbal. It is arranged by subject matter in the manner of a book of Sunan, like the Sunan Ibn Majah.

Al-Muwatta
Al-Muwaṭṭaʾ (Arabic: الموطأ, 'the well-trodden path') or Muwatta Imam Malik (Arabic: موطأ الإمام مالك) of Imam Malik (711–795) written in the 8th-century, is one of the earliest collections of hadith texts comprising the subjects of Islamic law, compiled by the Imam, Malik ibn Anas. It is also the earliest extant example of a musannaf, referring to a genre of hadith compilation which arranges hadith topically.

Malik's best-known work, Al-Muwatta was the first legal work to incorporate and combine hadith and fiqh.
Carolyn C. Perrucci
Carolyn Cummings Perrucci (née Cummings) is an American sociologist specializing in gender roles, family, and education, who is currently a professor of sociology at Purdue University. She joined the Purdue University College of Liberal Arts department of sociology in 1966. Perrucci headed the women's studies program from 1980 to 1981 and has published several books on the career patterns of women in STEM fields.

Women in STEM
Many scholars and policymakers have noted that the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) have remained predominantly male with historically low participation among women since the origins of these fields in the 18th century during the Age of Enlightenment.

Scholars are exploring the various reasons for the continued existence of this gender disparity in STEM fields. Those who view this disparity as resulting from discriminatory forces are also seeking ways to redress this disparity within STEM fields. STEM professions are typically construed as well-compensated, high-status professions with universal career appeal.
Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah
Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah ibni Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah (born 17 September 1995) is the heir apparent to the Pahang throne.

Tengku Hassanal was born during the reign of his grandfather, Sultan Ahmad Shah, and became heir apparent when his father, Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah acceded to the throne of Pahang in 2019. He is the second son of the Sultan of Pahang, Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah and the Tengku Ampuan of Pahang, Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah. He served as the Regent of Pahang while his father reigned as the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia from January 2019 to January 2024.

Sultan of Pahang
Sultan of Pahang (Malay: Sultan Pahang, Jawi: سلطان ڤهڠ) is the title of the hereditary constitutional head of Pahang, Malaysia. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state. Historically, the title was also used by rulers of the Pahang Sultanate.
Kim Carr
Kim John Carr (born 2 July 1955) is an Australian former politician who served as a Senator for Victoria between 1993 and 2022. Representing the Labor Party, he was a minister in the Rudd and Gillard governments.

Carr is a graduate of the University of Melbourne, and before entering politics worked as a schoolteacher and political staffer. He was appointed to the Senate in 1993, filling a casual vacancy, and was made a member of the shadow ministry after Labor's defeat at the 1996 election. Carr held a variety of portfolios in the Labor governments between 2007 and 2013. He was considered a leader of the Labor Left faction in Victoria until 2016 when he formed the Industrial Left, a breakaway mini-faction comprising nearly all of Carr's union allies. He became the most senior senator and thus father of the senate in 2019, retaining the title until his retirement in 2022.

Labor Left
The Labor Left (LL), also known as the Progressive Left, Socialist Left or simply the Left, is one of the two major political factions within the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is characterised nationally by its advocacy of socially progressive, democratic socialist policies and competes with the Labor Right faction. The ruling Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese, is a Labor Left member.

The Labor Left operates autonomously in each state and territory of Australia, and organises as a broad alliance at the national level. Its policy positions include party democratisation, economic interventionism, progressive tax reform, refugee rights, gender equality and same-sex marriage. The faction includes members with a range of political perspectives, including Keynesianism, confrontational trade unions, Fabian social democracy, New Leftism, and democratic socialism.
Thierry Darlan
Thierry Serge Darlan (born 3 February 2004) is a Central African college basketball player for the Santa Clara Broncos of the West Coast Conference. A graduate of the NBA Academy Africa in Senegal, Darlan also plays for the Central African Republic national team.

Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball
The Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team represents Santa Clara University in NCAA Division I basketball competition. The team plays home games at the Leavey Center in Santa Clara, California and have been members of the West Coast Conference since its formation in 1952. The team is currently coached by Herb Sendek, who had previously been the head coach at North Carolina State and Arizona State

Santa Clara has a long history of basketball success, having appeared in 11 NCAA Tournaments and 7 National Invitational Tournaments and producing a number of both collegiate All-Americans and NBA players. The Broncos have competed in the NIT in three of the last four seasons. In the 2022 and 2023 seasons produced a first round draft pick in the NBA draft, Jalen Williams and Brandin Podziemski.
Alexander Starovoitov
Aleksandr Sergeyevich Starovoitov (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Старовойтов; born 28 January 1972), is a Russian social and political figure. He was a deputy of the State Duma of the sixth and seventh convocations from the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia.

6th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 6th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации VI созыва) is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 6th convocation meets at the State Duma building in Moscow, having begun its term on December 21, 2011 following the last session of the 5th State Duma. The term of office expired October 5, 2016, when the next parliamentary elections.

The 6th State Duma's composition was based upon the results of the 2011 parliamentary election. Of the seven parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the 7% election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system.