hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.

Radiant energy
In physics, and in particular as measured by radiometry, radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic and gravitational radiation. As energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux (or power) with respect to time. The symbol Qe is often used throughout literature to denote radiant energy ("e" for "energetic", to avoid confusion with photometric quantities). In branches of physics other than radiometry, electromagnetic energy is referred to using E or W. The term is used particularly when electromagnetic radiation is emitted by a source into the surrounding environment. This radiation may be visible or invisible to the human eye.
Trichobilharzia regenti
Trichobilharzia regenti is a neuropathogenic parasitic flatworm of birds which also causes cercarial dermatitis in humans. The species was originally described in 1998 in the Czech Republic and afterwards it was detected also in other European countries, e.g. Denmark, Belgium, Germany, France, Iceland, Poland, Switzerland, or Russia, and even in Iran. For its unique neurotropic behaviour in vertebrate hosts, the host-parasite interactions are extensively studied in terms of molecular biology, biochemistry and immunology.

Schistosoma
Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes. They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed schistosomiasis, which is considered by the World Health Organization to be the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria), infecting millions worldwide.

Adult flatworms parasitize blood capillaries of either the mesenteries or plexus of the bladder, depending on the infecting species. They are unique among trematodes and any other flatworms in that they are dioecious with distinct sexual dimorphism between male and female. Thousands of eggs are released and reach either the bladder or the intestine (according to the infecting species), and these are then excreted in urine or feces to fresh water. Larvae must then pass through an intermediate snail host before the next larval stage of the parasite emerges that can infect a new mammalian host by directly penetrating the skin.
Maite Pagazaurtundúa
María Teresa "Maite" Pagazaurtundúa Ruiz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmajte paɣaθawɾtunˈdu.a]; born 11 February 1965), also known as Maite Pagaza, is a Spanish politician, activist and writer. For ten years, she was an MEP in the European Parliament, where she was a member of the political groups Renew Europe (2019–2024, as an independent member of Citizens) and ALDE (2014–2019, as a member of UPyD).

Her work has been focused on the defense of the Rule of Law and fundamental rights, as well as the fight against terrorism, foreign interference and harmful disinformation aimed at overthrowing democratic systems.

Renew Europe
Renew Europe (or simply Renew) is a liberal, centrist to centre-right, pro-European political group of the European Parliament founded for the ninth European Parliament term. The group is the successor to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group which existed during the sixth, seventh and eighth terms from 2004 to 2019, and under a variety of other names in earlier Parliaments.

The group announced the adoption of its new name on 12 June 2019, after forming an alliance with the French party La République En Marche!, which wanted to avoid the word liberal in the name. The group continues to be known as the Liberal Group outside France.
William Axton Stokes
William Axton Stokes (1814 – May 3, 1877) was an attorney born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who lived for a time in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, where he served as legal counsel for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. He went on to serve as an American Civil War major who contributed notes and references to an American edition of Mathew Hale's Historia placitorum coronae (History of the pleas of the crown) published by R. H. Small of Philadelphia in 1847. Between January 1863 and August 1864, he owned The Republican, one of the first local newspapers in Greensburg, Pennsylvania. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1872.

Greensburg, Pennsylvania
Greensburg is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 14,976 at the 2020 census. Located 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Pittsburgh, Greensburg is a part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The city lies within the Laurel Highlands and the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau. The city is named after Nathanael Greene, a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War.
Vivi Vajda
Vivi Vajda is a Swedish palaeontologist. She is Professor and head of palaeobiology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History.

Through the study of microscopic fossils such as pollen, plankton, algae, and fungi, Vajda's research focuses on past vegetation changes, plant communities, and mass extinctions. She has also contributed to the understanding of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction. She is a member of the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund.

Royal Physiographic Society in Lund
The Royal Physiographic Society in Lund (Swedish: Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund), is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden. It was founded in Lund, on December 2, 1772, and received a Royal Charter by Gustav III, on March 6, 1778.
Southern Cross Hotel
The Southern Cross Hotel was a hotel in Melbourne, Australia. It was opened by Prime Minister Robert Menzies on 24 August 1962 as Australia's first modern 'International' hotel, heralding the arrival of American-style glamour, the jet-set and international tourism. It occupied a large site on Bourke Street in central Melbourne, formerly occupied by the grand Eastern Market, and was the premier hotel in the city into the early 1980s. The Southern Cross was the preferred hotel for celebrities in this period, most famously The Beatles in 1964, and the ballroom was the preferred location for locally and nationally important events.

Closed on 1 April 1995 and partly demolished, the hotel tower remained standing and vacant until its demolition in 2003.

Bourke Street
Bourke Street is one of the main streets in the Melbourne central business district and a core feature of the Hoddle Grid. It was traditionally the entertainment hub of inner-city Melbourne, and is now also a popular tourist destination and tram thoroughfare.

During the Marvellous Melbourne era, Bourke Street was the location of many of the city's theatres and cinemas. Today it continues as a major retail shopping precinct with the Bourke Street Mall running between Elizabeth and Swanston Streets, numerous offices to the west end and restaurants to the east. Its liveliness and activity has often been contrasted with the sobering formality of nearby Collins Street. For this reason, "Busier than Bourke Street" is a popular colloquialism denoting a crowded or busy environment.

Bourke Street is named for Irish-born British Army officer Sir Richard Bourke, who served as the Governor of New South Wales from 1831 and 1837 during the drafting of the Hoddle Grid.
2020 Welsh Open (snooker)
The 2020 Welsh Open (officially the 2020 ManBetX Welsh Open) was a professional snooker tournament which took place from 10 to 16 February 2020 at the Motorpoint Arena in Cardiff, Wales. It was the 12th ranking event of the 2019–20 snooker season, and the final tournament of the season's Home Nations Series. It was the 29th edition of the Welsh Open, first held in 1992. The event featured a prize fund of £405,000 with the winner receiving £70,000.

Neil Robertson was the defending champion, having beaten Stuart Bingham 9–7 in the 2019 final, but he lost in the quarter-finals to Kyren Wilson. Shaun Murphy won the event, with a 9–1 win over Kyren Wilson in the final. There were a total of 77 century breaks at the event, the highest made by Wilson, a maximum break of 147 in the first frame of his first-round match with Jackson Page.

Home Nations Series
The Home Nations Series (officially the BetVictor Home Nations Series for sponsorship reasons) is a series of ranking snooker tournaments organised by the World Snooker Tour, held throughout the season in each of the four home nations in the United Kingdom under the names of English Open, Welsh Open, Scottish Open and Northern Ireland Open. The series was devised in 2015 by Barry Hearn, the chairman of the tour at the time, and started its first edition during the 2016–17 snooker season.

The series features an inclusion of two wildcard spots for the local amateur players in each event, selected by the respective national governing bodies. The best-performing player of the series is entitled to the Home Nations Bonus (BetVictor Bonus), a £150,000 bonus prize awarded on top of the player's winnings. Jack Lisowski is the current series champion.
Scope clause
A scope clause is part of a contract between a major airline and the trade union of its pilots that limits the number and size of aircraft that may be flown by the airline's regional airline affiliate.

Major airlines of the United States
The United States Department of Transportation defines a major carrier or major airline carrier as a U.S.-based airline that posts more than $1 billion in operating revenue during a fiscal year, grouped accordingly as "Group III".
Leipzig Land 4
Leipzig Land 4 is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Landtag of Saxony. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 24. It is within the district of Leipzig.

Leipzig (district)
Leipzig (official name: Landkreis Leipzig) is a district (Kreis) in the Free State of Saxony in eastern Germany. It is named after the city of Leipzig, which borders onto the district, but the city is not part of the district. Leipzig district has borders with (from the west and clockwise) the state of Saxony-Anhalt, the urban district of Leipzig, the districts of Nordsachsen and Mittelsachsen, and the state of Thuringia.
Virtual High School (Ontario)
Virtual High School (VHS) is a private online high school based in Bayfield, Ontario that offers accredited online courses towards an Ontario Secondary School Diploma. Its founder and principal is Stephen Baker.

Ontario Secondary School Diploma
The Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) is a diploma granted to secondary school graduates in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is part of the publicly funded province-wide school system. It is awarded to all students who complete the Ontario education curriculum, including students in Special Education, the TOPS program, MaCS program, IB Program, and other focused secondary school programs.

Adults who did not complete an Ontario Secondary School Diploma may take the Canadian Adult Education Credential battery of high school equivalency tests to receive an Ontario High School Equivalency Certificate.
Andersonglossum virginianum
Andersonglossum virginianum, known as southern wild comfrey, is a flowering plant in the borage family native to North America. It is also sometimes called blue houndstongue.

Formerly placed in the genus Cynoglossum, it was transferred to the genus Andersonglossum in 2015.

Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, has two significantly different circumscriptions as of December 2025. In the narrower circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu stricto is one of 11 families placed in the order Boraginales and includes about 90–120 genera. This approach was developed by the Boraginales Working Group. In the older, broader circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu lato is the only family in the order Boraginales, and includes about 155 genera.
Los Angeles Lashings
The Los Angeles Lashings (formerly the SoCal Lashings) are an American professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Los Angeles, California, that competes in Minor League Cricket (MiLC). Los Angeles Lashings was named in 2020 as part of the 24 original teams to compete in Minor League Cricket USA. The franchise is co-owned by Abhimanyu Rajp and Deepak Gosain.

The team's current home ground is the Leo Magnus Cricket Complex, located in the neighborhood of Van Nuys. Dale Phillips currently helms responsibility as captain, with Elmore Hutchinson standing by as vice-captain.

Minor League Cricket
Minor League Cricket (MiLC) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in the United States that serves as the developmental league for Major League Cricket (MLC). The league comprises 26 teams, divided between the Atlantic Conference and the Pacific Conference. Beginning play in 2021, the Silicon Valley Strikers won the inaugural tournament. Due to financial issues and general public disinterest, the 2024 season was shortened to eight matches per side, taking place in the fall, and was won by the Chicago Kingsmen. The league’s title sponsor is YASH Technologies, having previously been Sunoco and Toyota.
Kostas Missas
Konstantinos "Kostas" Missas (alternate spelling: Constandinos, Costas) (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος "Κώστας" Μίσσας; born August 15, 1953, in Greece) is a Greek former professional basketball player, and current professional basketball coach. He was the head coach of Olympiacos women basketball team. He also coached the Greece men's national basketball team at the 2017 FIBA EuroBasket. During his playing career, he was nicknamed "The General".

Coach (basketball)
Basketball coaching is the act of directing and strategizing the behavior of a basketball team or individual basketball player. Basketball coaching typically encompasses the improvement of individual and team offensive and defensive skills, as well as overall physical conditioning. Coaches also have the responsibility to improve their team by player development, strategy, and in-game management. Coaches also teach and inspire their team to be their best.

Coaching is usually performed by a single person, often with the help of one or more assistants.
1975–76 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy
The 1975–76 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy was the eleventh occasion on which the BBC2 Floodlit Trophy competition had been held.

St. Helens won the trophy by beating Dewsbury by the score of 22-2
The match was played at Knowsley Road, Eccleston, St Helens, Merseyside. The attendance was 3,858, and the  receipts were £1,747

BBC2 Floodlit Trophy
The BBC2 Floodlit Trophy (also known as the BBC2 Television Trophy) was an annual knockout competition for British rugby league clubs. Organised by the Rugby Football League (RFL), the competition was open to all professional clubs with floodlights installed.

First held in 1965–66, games were typically played during the middle of the week, and were broadcast on BBC television. Eight teams competed during the first season, but the tournament was quickly expanded as more teams erected floodlights at their grounds.

The competition's most successful club was Castleford, who won the trophy four times, including the inaugural tournament. The last staging of the competition was in 1979–80, won by Hull, before the competition was cancelled due to financial cutbacks by the BBC.
Mike Parker Pearson
Michael Parker Pearson, FSA, FSA Scot, FBA (born 26 June 1957) is an English archaeologist specialising in the study of the Neolithic British Isles, Madagascar and the archaeology of death and burial. A professor at the UCL Institute of Archaeology, he previously worked for 25 years as a professor at the University of Sheffield in England, and was the director of the Stonehenge Riverside Project. A prolific author, he has also written a variety of books on the subject.

A media personality, Parker Pearson has appeared several times in the Channel 4 show Time Team in particular in one looking at the excavation of Durrington Walls in Wiltshire. He also appeared in the National Geographic Channel documentary Stonehenge Decoded, along with the PBS programme Nova: Secrets of Stonehenge.

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is the senior antiquarian body of Scotland, with its headquarters in the National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh. The Society's aim is to promote the cultural heritage of Scotland.

The usual style of post-nominal letters for fellows is FSAScot.
Tennessee's 8th congressional district
The 8th congressional district of Tennessee is a congressional district in West Tennessee. It has been represented by Republican David Kustoff since January 2017. The district appears rural on a map, but the bulk of its vote is cast in the suburban and exurban areas around Memphis, such as Germantown, Bartlett, and Collierville, as well as Fayette and Tipton counties. This area boasts some of the highest median incomes in the state.

The rest of the district is composed mostly of small towns and farming communities. The district already had a strong social conservative tint which grew even more pronounced when eastern Memphis was added to the district; many of the state's most politically active churches are located here.

According to the 2010 census, the five largest cities located mostly with the district are: Jackson (65,211), Bartlett (54,613), Collierville (43,965), Germantown (38,844), and Dyersburg (17,145). Of these, only Jackson and Dyersburg are not in Shelby County

Fayette County, Tennessee
Fayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 41,990. Its county seat is Somerville. The county was named after the Marquis de la Fayette, French hero of the American Revolution. A part of the Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metropolitan Statistical Area, Fayette County is culturally alike to the Mississippi Delta and was a major area of cotton plantations dependent on slave labor in the nineteenth century.
Mormont
Le Mormont  is a hill in the Swiss canton of Vaud, rising to an elevation of 605 metres, with a prominence of about 115 metres. It is part of the Éclépens municipality between lakes Neuchatel and Geneva. The name is first recorded in AD 814, as Mauromonte. It is derived from the Roman-era personal name Maurus.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
1994 Merton London Borough Council election
Elections for the London Borough of Merton were held on 5 May 1994 to elect members of Merton London Borough Council in London, England. This was on the same day as other local elections in England.

The whole council was up for election. As a result of changes in authority boundaries between Merton, Lambeth and Wandsworth, there were some minor ward boundary changes.

London Borough of Merton
The London Borough of Merton (/ˈmɜːrtən/ ⓘ) is a London borough in London, England. The borough was formed under the London Government Act 1963 in 1965 by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Mitcham, the Municipal Borough of Wimbledon and the Merton and Morden Urban District, all, apart from Wimbledon, were formerly within Surrey.

The main commercial centres in Merton are Mitcham, Morden and Wimbledon, of which Wimbledon is the largest. Other smaller centres include Raynes Park, Colliers Wood, South Wimbledon and Wimbledon Park. The borough is the host of the Wimbledon tournament, one of tennis's Grand Slam competitions.

The borough derives its name from the historic parish of Merton which was centred on the area now known as South Wimbledon. The local authority is Merton London Borough Council, which is based in Morden.
Lars Kaufmann
Lars Kaufmann (born February 25, 1982) is a German former team handball player. He is World champion from 2007 with the German national team. He participated on the German team that finished 4th at the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship.

2007 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2007 World Men's Handball Championship was the 20th edition of the tournament that took place from 19 January to 4 February 2007 in Germany. 24 national teams played in 12 German cities. It was the 20th edition of the World Championship in team handball and was won by the hosts.
Peasant Character Studies (Van Gogh series)
Peasant Character Studies is a series of works that Vincent van Gogh made between 1881 and 1885.

Van Gogh had a particular attachment and sympathy for peasants and other working class people that was fueled in several ways. He was particularly fond of the peasant genre work of Jean-François Millet and others.  He found the subjects noble and important in the development of modern art.  Van Gogh had seen the changing landscape in the Netherlands as industrialization encroached on once pastoral settings and the livelihoods of the working poor with little opportunity to change vocation.

Van Gogh had a particular interest in creating character studies of working men and women in the Netherlands and Belgium, such as farmers, weavers, and fishermen.  Making up a large body of Van Gogh's work during this period, the character studies were an important, foundational component in his artistic development.

Jean-François Millet
Jean-François Millet (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa milɛ]; 4 October 1814 – 20 January 1875) was a French artist and one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. Millet is noted for his paintings of peasant farmers and can be categorized as part of the Realism art movement. Toward the end of his career, he became increasingly interested in painting pure landscapes. He is known best for his oil paintings but is also noted for his pastels, Conté crayon drawings, and etchings.
Alan Hunter (VJ)
Alan Caldwell Hunter (born February 14, 1957) is one of the original five video jockeys (VJs) on MTV from 1981 to 1987 (along with Nina Blackwood, Mark Goodman, J. J. Jackson and Martha Quinn). He is a host on SiriusXM Radio's The 80s on 8 channel and on the Classic Rewind channel.

He co-owns the production company Hunter Films with his brother Hugh. He, Hugh and two other brothers also founded WorkPlay, a multipurpose office, studio and entertainment facility in Birmingham, Alabama. He also hosted the reality show Looking for Stars on the Starz cable television channel as well as the Encore series Big 80s Weekend.

Video jockey
A video jockey (abbreviated VJ or sometimes veejay) is an announcer or host who introduces music videos and live performances on commercial music television channels such as MTV, VH1, MuchMusic and Channel V.
4-Ethynylbenzaldehyde
4-Ethynylbenzaldehyde,  or p-ethynylbenzaldehyde, is an organic compound with the formula HC2C6H4COH. It is an ethynyl derivative of benzaldehyde, or may also be viewed as a formylated derivative of phenylacetylene.

Aldehyde
In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ˈældɪhaɪd/) (lat. alcohol dehydrogenatum, dehydrogenated alcohol) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group. Aldehydes are a common motif in many chemicals important in technology and biology.