hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wichaichan
Wichaichan (Thai: วิไชยชาญ) (6 April 1838 – 28 August 1885) was a Siamese prince and member of the Chakri dynasty. He was the eldest son of Viceroy Pinklao and Princess Aim, and thus nephew to King Mongkut (Rama IV). Wichaichan succeeded his father by being appointed the Front Palace and Viceroy of Siam in 1868, during the reign of his cousin King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). During his tenure the office of Front Palace was extremely powerful and rivalled that of the monarch's own. Inevitably the two forces clashed in the Front Palace crisis. Wichaichan was defeated and the power of the Front Palace was greatly diminished. After his death in 1885, the last vestiges of the title were abolished in favour of a crown prince.
Notably, he is the only Front Palace that was elected by the council, not appointed by the king in accordance with the royal tradition, which is still considered as controversial and unorthodox practice to this day.

Monarchy of Thailand
The monarchy of Thailand is the constitutional form of government of Thailand (formerly Siam). The king of Thailand (Thai: พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, historically, king of Siam; Thai: พระเจ้ากรุงสยาม) is the head of state and head of the ruling Chakri dynasty.

Although the current Chakri dynasty was created in 1782, the existence of the institution of monarchy in Thailand is traditionally considered to have its roots in the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238, with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to the accession of Taksin in the 18th century. The institution was transformed into a constitutional monarchy in 1932 after the bloodless socialist-leaning Siamese Revolution of 1932. The monarchy's official ceremonial residence is the Grand Palace in Bangkok, while the private residence has been at the Dusit Palace. 
The king of Thailand is head of state, Highest Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, adherent of Buddhism and upholder of religions.
Al Scott (politician)
Al Scott (born 1947) is an American retired politician and businessman who served as Commissioner of the Georgia Department of Labor from 1991 to 1992. He was the African American to hold a non-judicial Constitutional Office in Georgia history. Scott is a Democrat from Savannah. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1976 to 1982 and Georgia Senate from 1982 to 1990.

Georgia State Senate
The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The Georgia State Senate and the lower house of the General Assembly, the Georgia House of Representatives, comprise the bicameral legislature of the state. Combined, the Senate and the House maintain authority under Article III. of the 1983 Constitution of Georgia to enact laws "necessary and proper for the welfare of the state", although state law is subordinate to the state constitution, the United States Constitution, and federal law.

Like most upper houses in the United States, the Senate has the exclusive power to confirm various appointments made by the governor of Georgia, and to try cases of impeachment brought by the House. The Senate is often considered a springboard for those ultimately seeking higher office; all of the state's most recent governors have served in the State Senate.
2011 Men's World Team Squash Championships
The 2011 Men's World Team Squash Championships is the men's edition of the 2011 World Team Squash Championships organized by the World Squash Federation, which serves as the world team championship for squash players. The event were held in Paderborn, Germany and took place from August 21 to August 27, 2011. The tournament was organized by the World Squash Federation and the German Squash Association. The Egypt team won his third World Team Championships beating the English team in the final.

World Squash Team Championships
The World Squash Team Championships are an international squash competition organised by the World Squash Federation and played between teams representing different nations. Countries enter teams of three or four players to represent them in the championships. In each round of the competition, teams face each other in a best-of-three singles matches contest. The competition is held once every two years, with the venue changing each time. Normally the men's and women's events are held in different years in two locations. Australia have won the championship a record eight times, followed by Pakistan, which have been champions on six occasions.
Princess Joanna of Courland
Johanna Katharina von Biron, Princess of Courland and Duchess of Acerenza (24 June 1783 – 11 April 1876) was a German princess from the ruling family of Courland and Semigallia (today part of Latvia) and a Duchess of Acerenza as the third daughter of Peter von Biron and Dorothea von Medem and the wife of Prince Francis Pignatelli Belmonte, Duke of Acerenza, she was mainly known for a scandalous relationship with Arnoldi, a musician from Italy.

Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia was a duchy in the Baltic region, then known as Livonia, that existed from 1561 to 1569 as a nominal vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently made part of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom from 1569 to 1726 and incorporated into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1726. On October 24, 1795, it was annexed by the Russian Empire in the Third Partition of Poland.
Caranavi Province
Caranavi Province is one of the twenty provinces of the Bolivian La Paz Department and is situated in the department's eastern parts. The province was created by Law 1401 on 16 December 1992 from a portion of what was then Nor Yungas Province. The creation of the province had been a local cause embraced by Ramiro Revuelta, a Deputy in the national legislature who was assassinated on November 28, 1992.

Nor Yungas Province
Nor Yungas is a province in the Yungas area of the Bolivian department of La Paz. During the presidency of José Manuel Pando the Yungas Province was divided into two parts, the Nor Yungas and the Sud Yungas Province, by law of January 12, 1899. Its administrative seat is the town of Coroico.
Coat of arms of Belgium
The coat of arms of Belgium bears a lion or, known as Leo Belgicus (Latin for the Belgian lion), as its charge. This is in accordance with article 193 (originally 125) of the Belgian Constitution: The Belgian nation takes red, yellow and black as colours, and as state coat of arms the Belgian lion with the motto UNITY MAKES STRENGTH. A royal decree of 17 March 1837 determines the achievement to be used in the greater and the lesser version, respectively.

Lion (heraldry)
The lion is a common charge in heraldry. It traditionally symbolises courage, nobility, royalty, strength, stateliness and valour, because historically the lion has been regarded as the "king of beasts". The lion also carries Judeo-Christian symbolism. The Lion of Judah stands in the coat of arms of Jerusalem. Similar-looking lions can be found elsewhere, such as in the coat of arms of the Swedish royal House of Bjälbo, from there in turn derived into the coat of arms of Finland, formerly belonging to Sweden.
Kombatan
Kombatan is a Filipino martial arts system. The founder of the system was GGM Ernesto Amador Presas (10th DAN). The current head of the system is Ernesto Presas Jr. The style is known for its double stick techniques, but it features other stick and blade techniques, as well as empty-hand methods.

Arnis
Arnis, also known as kali or eskrima/escrima, is the national martial art of the Philippines. These three terms are, sometimes, interchangeable in referring to traditional martial arts of the Philippines ("Filipino Martial Arts", or FMA), which emphasize weapon-based fighting with sticks, knives, bladed weapons, and various improvised weapons, as well as "open hand" techniques without weapons.

There were campaigns for arnis along with other Philippine martial arts to be nominated in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists; and as of 2018, UNESCO has inscribed nine martial-arts-related intangible heritages.
Josef Ferstl
Josef Ferstl (born 29 December 1988) is a retired German World Cup alpine ski racer, focusing on the speed events of Downhill and Super-G. He has competed in three World Championships and the 2018 Winter Olympics. Ferstl made his World Cup debut in 2007 and has two victories, both in Super-G.

His father is West German alpine racer Sepp Ferstl, who won the Hahnenkamm downhill in Kitzbühel in 1978 and 1979. Forty years later in 2019, the younger Ferstl became the first German to win a Super-G at Kitzbühel, and the trophy was presented to him by his father.

Downhill (ski competition)
Downhill is a form of alpine skiing competition. Whereas the other alpine skiing events (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and combined) emphasize turning and technique, downhill emphasizes "the six components of technique, courage, speed, risk, physical condition and judgement", according to the FIS "International Ski Competition Rules (ICR)". Speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph) are common in international competition. Athletes must have an aerodynamically efficient tuck position to minimize drag and increase speed.

The term, "downhill skiing", is also used as a synonym for alpine skiing as a recreational activity.
Julio Lamas
Julio César Lamas (born June 9, 1964) is an Argentine professional basketball coach. He was head coach of the Japan men's national team from 2017 to 2021. He has also been the head coach of the Argentina men's national team.

Japan men's national basketball team
The Japan men's national basketball team, also known as Akatsuki Japan (Japanese: アカツキジャパン) represents Japan in international basketball competitions, and is administered by the Japan Basketball Association (JBA), (Japanese: 日本バスケットボール協会, Nihon Basukettobōru Kyōkai). Japan became a FIBA member in 1936, and has one of Asia's longest basketball traditions.

Japan is one of the most successful basketball teams in Asia. It has won the FIBA Asia Cup twice and is the second leading nation in qualifications to the event. On the global stage, Japan has qualified for the FIBA World Cup six times and competed at the Olympic Games on eight occasions.
October–December 1590 conclave
The October to December 1590 papal conclave (8 October – 5 December) was the second conclave of 1590, and the one during which Gregory XIV was elected as the successor of Urban VII. This conclave was marked by unprecedented royal interference from Philip II of Spain.

Pope Gregory XIV
Pope Gregory XIV (Latin: Gregorius XIV; Italian: Gregorio XIV; 11 February 1535 – 16 October 1591), born Niccolò Sfondrato or Sfondrati, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 December 1590 to his death, in October 1591.
Department of Psychology (Harvard University)
The Department of Psychology is an academic department within the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

This department offers Bachelor's, Master's and Doctorate degrees in Psychology. Current research at the department focuses on clinical, cognitive, developmental, and social psychology.  Notable psychologists that have been affiliated with the department include William James, B. F. Skinner, Gordon Allport, Jerome Bruner, George Miller, and Henry Murray, among others included.

Jerome Bruner
Jerome Seymour Bruner (October 1, 1915 – June 5, 2016) was an American psychologist who made significant contributions to human cognitive psychology and cognitive learning theory in educational psychology. Bruner was a senior research fellow at the New York University School of Law. He received a BA in 1937 from Duke University and a PhD from Harvard University in 1941. He taught and conducted research at Harvard University, the University of Oxford, and New York University.  A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Bruner as the 28th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Engineering Drawing (book)
Engineering Drawing by Thomas Ewing French (1871-1944), Mech. Eng., OSU 1895, also known as A Manual of Engineering Drawing for Students and Draftsman, was first published in 1911 by McGraw-Hill Book Company. It appeared in fourteen editions and was last published in 1993. The title and author remained the same through the first six editions. French died during the publication years of the Sixth Edition, so the Seventh Edition was revised by his colleague at Ohio State University, Charles J. Vierck. The Eighth through Tenth editions had the same title and were also authored by Charles J. Vierck. For the Eleventh and Twelfth editions, the book title changed to Engineering Drawing and Graphic Technology. Following the death of Vierck in 1980, the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Editions were additionally authored by Robert J. Foster, Penn State University.

In North America, this textbook was widely used for education of drafters, engineers, and architects.

S&P Global
S&P Global Inc. (prior to 2016, McGraw Hill Financial, Inc., and prior to 2013, The McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc.) is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Manhattan, New York. Its primary areas of business are financial information, analytics, and energy and commodities intelligence. It is the parent company of S&P Global Ratings, S&P Global Energy, S&P Global Market Intelligence, S&P Global Mobility, and the Indian credit rating agency CRISIL. It is also the majority owner of the S&P Dow Jones Indices joint venture. "S&P" is a shortening of "Standard and Poor's".
Leonardo Severi
Leonardo Severi (Fano, 31 December 1882 – 28 May 1958) was an Italian politician and civil servant, who served as Minister of National Education of the Kingdom of Italy of the Badoglio I Cabinet, the first after the fall of the Fascist regime, and as president of the Council of State in 1951–1952.

Ministry of Public Education (Italy)
The Ministry of Education and Merit (Italian: Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito, or MIM) is the government body of Italy devoted to the administration of the national education system.

It was active in three separate periods (1861–1929; 1944–2001; 2006–2008), before being merged with the Ministry of Universities and Research to create the Ministry of Education, University and Research.

The two ministries were re-instated in January 2020.
Chuck Harmison
Charles Robert Harmison (born February 24, 1958) is an American-Australian former professional basketball player who played 15 seasons in the Australian National Basketball League (NBL). He played college basketball for the Iowa State Cyclones between 1976 and 1980. He moved to Australia in 1982 to play for the Nunawading Spectres and later played for the Coburg Giants and West Sydney Westars before playing nine seasons with the Illawarra Hawks between 1988 and 1996. His No. 4 jersey was retired by the Illawarra Hawks. After retiring, Harmison entered sports administration, where he served as general manager of both the Hawks and the NBL.

Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball
The Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represents Iowa State University (ISU) and competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I. The Cyclones play their home games at Hilton Coliseum on Iowa State's campus.
Air Fighting Development Unit RAF
The Air Fighting Development Unit (AFDU) was an air technical intelligence part of the Royal Air Force which developed tactics and tested captured enemy aircraft.  It was based at Royal Air Force Stations Northolt, Duxford and Wittering.

The AFDU was under the control of RAF Fighter Command and the Air Ministry; the AFDU performed comparative trials, developed and promulgated tactics effective against opposing aircraft types. Also sharing Wittering with the AFDU was the Naval Air Fighting Development Unit. These units also carried out tests and evaluations on a wide range of fighter aircraft, aircraft modifications and new equipment prior to entering Allied service.

The AFDU was formed as the Air Fighting Development Establishment at Northolt on 20 October 1934; being re-named the Air Fighting Development Unit in July 1940. The units were absorbed into the Central Fighter Establishment and moved to RAF Tangmere in 1945.

Central Fighter Establishment
The Central Fighter Establishment was a Royal Air Force formation that dealt with the development of fighter aircraft tactics which was formed on 4 September 1944 as a nucleus at RAF Tangmere. It also tested new fighter aircraft and equipment, and with the training of squadron and flight commanders. It was officially formed on 16 October 1944 at RAF Wittering as part of No. 12 Group RAF, and was disbanded on 1 February 1966 while at RAF Binbrook.
Colossal Order
Colossal Order is a Finnish video game development studio known for its business simulation game series Cities in Motion and for its city-builder series Cities: Skylines. The company was founded in Tampere, Finland in 2009. The CEO of Colossal Order is Mariina Hallikainen.

City-building game
A city-building game, citybuilder or town-building game, is a genre of simulation video game where players act as the overall planner and leader of a city or town, looking down on it from above, and being responsible for its growth and management strategy. Players choose building placement and city management features such as salaries and work priorities, and the city develops accordingly.

City-building games such as SimCity, Cities XXL or Cities: Skylines are considered a type of construction and management simulation.
Tonopah Air Force Base
Tonopah Air Force Base (Tonopah Army Air Field in World War II) is a Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) in the USA that was a Tonopah Basin military installation until shortly after it was designated an Air Force Base in 1948.  Two of the runways still in use are maintained by Nye County, Nevada; and World War II building foundations and three hangars of the base remain at the municipal Tonopah Airport.

Air base
An airbase or air base, sometimes referred to as a military airbase, military airfield, military airport, air station, naval air station, air force station, or air force base, is an aerodrome or airport used as a military base by a military force for operating military aircraft.
DR Class 52.80
The Rekolokomotives of DR Class 52.80 first appeared in 1960 in service with Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany as extensive rebuilds of the wartime locomotives or Kriegslokomotiven of DRB Class 52 built by Nazi Germany. This modernisation, described as 'reconstruction' (Rekonstruktion, hence Rekolokomotive), extended to almost all of the components and systems on the engine.

Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)
Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR; German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈʁaɪçsˌbaːn], lit. 'German Realm Railways') was the state-owned railways in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1949 and 1990, and the New States after German reunification until 1 January 1994. It was operated by the Ministry for Transport and was the largest employer in East Germany.

The DR was formed from Deutsche Reichsbahn assets in the Soviet occupation zone as a separate entity from the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) in West Germany. It was responsible for passenger and freight railway services in East Germany and certain locations in West Berlin. Both DR and DB continued as separate entities in reunified Germany until 1994, when they merged to form Deutsche Bahn.
Asabenkei Daikichi
Asabenkei Daikichi (Japanese 朝弁慶 大吉, born February 12, 1989, as Yasunobu Sakai) is a Japanese retired sumo wrestler (rikishi) from Kanagawa. He debuted in March 2007 and he reached his highest rank of juryo 7 in July 2016. He wrestled for Takasago stable and has won one yusho in the sandanme division. He retired in July 2024.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
46th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival
The 46th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival took place from 1 to 9 July 2011. The Crystal Globe was won by Restoration, an Israeli drama film directed by Yossi Madmoni. The second prize, the Special Jury Prize was won by Gypsy, a Slovakian drama film directed by Martin Šulík. Hungarian film director, screenwriter, and opera director István Szabó was the Grand Jury President of the festival.

Special Jury Prize (Karlovy Vary IFF)
The Special Jury Prize is one of the main awards of the Feature Film Competition at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. It is the second highest award of the festival started since 1952; after the Crystal Globe.
Jeremiah Morrow
Jeremiah Morrow (October 6, 1771 – March 22, 1852) was a Democratic-Republican Party politician from Ohio. He served as the ninth governor of Ohio, and was the last Democratic-Republican to hold that office. He also served as a United States Senator and a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. He also served in the Ohio Senate.

Ohio Senate
The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly, the lower house being the Ohio House of Representatives. The State Senate, which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, first convened in 1803. Senators are elected for four year terms, staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years. The president of the Ohio Senate presides over the body when in session, and is currently Rob McColley.

Currently, the Senate consists of 24 Republicans and 9 Democrats, with the Republicans controlling two more seats than the 22 required for a supermajority vote. Senators are limited to two consecutive terms. Each senator represents approximately 349,000 Ohioans, and each Senate district encompasses three corresponding Ohio House of Representatives districts.
Dukes Duford
Wilfred Joseph "Dukes" Duford (June 11, 1898 – May 8, 1981) was an American college football player, coach, and university athletic director. He was the head football coach at Saint Louis University, Saint Ambrose University, and the University of Saint Mary (Kansas).

University of Saint Mary
The University of Saint Mary (USM) is a private Catholic university in Leavenworth, Kansas, United States. It is sponsored by the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth, who established it in 1923 as Saint Mary College. Though it was originally a school for women, the school is now coeducational. The mother house of the order is also on the premises. The university offers 26 bachelor's degree programs and six master's degree programs.