hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Pale King
The Pale King is an unfinished novel by David Foster Wallace, published posthumously on April 15, 2011. It was planned as Wallace's third novel, and the first since Infinite Jest in 1996, but it was not completed at the time of his death. Before his suicide in 2008, Wallace organized the manuscript and associated computer files in a place where they would be found by his widow, Karen Green, and his agent, Bonnie Nadell. That material was compiled by his friend and editor Michael Pietsch into the form that was eventually published. Wallace had been working on the novel for over a decade. Even incomplete, The Pale King is a long work, with 50 chapters of varying length totaling over 500 pages.

The novel was one of the three finalists for the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, but no award was given that year.

Infinite Jest
Infinite Jest is a 1996 novel by American writer David Foster Wallace. Categorized as an encyclopedic novel, Infinite Jest is featured in Time magazine's list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005.

The novel has an unconventional narrative structure and includes hundreds of extensive endnotes, some with footnotes of their own.

A literary fiction bestseller after having sold 44,000 hardcover copies in its first year of publication, the novel has since sold more than a million copies worldwide.
Arkansas Highway 149
Highway 149 (AR 149, Ark. 149, and Hwy. 149) is a north–south state highway in northeast Arkansas. The route of about 41.28 miles (66.43 km) runs from Highway 38 in Hughes north across Interstate 40 (I-40) and I-555 to AR 140/AR 75/AR 14 in Marked Tree.

Interstate 555
Interstate 555 (I-555) is an Interstate Highway connecting I-55 in Turrell with Highway 91 in Jonesboro. It provides a complete freeway corridor between Jonesboro, Arkansas' fifth-largest city, and Memphis, Tennessee. Formerly known as U.S. Route 63 (US 63), the highway was converted in the early 2000s to Interstate Highway standards. I-555 was dedicated in March 2016.
Marc Benjamin
Marc Benjamin Latupapua (born 16 January 1990) is a Dutch DJ and music producer. He is known for his remix work and collaborations with Afrojack, Zedd, Fedde Le Grand, Benny Benassi, Laidback Luke and his releases on Spinnin' Records, Mixmash Records, Ultra Records, Universal Music Group, and Axtone Records. In 2020 he ranked at number 27 as new entry in the top 101 producer list of 1001tracklist. In 2014, he performed at Ministry of Sound London and made his Tomorrowland debut on the second mainstage. Tomorrowland Belgium is marked as one of the biggest electronic music festivals in the world.

Fedde Le Grand
Fedde Le Grand (/lə ˈɡrænd/, Dutch pronunciation: [ˈfɛdə lə ˈɡrɑ̃ː]; born 7 September 1977) is a Dutch house DJ, record producer and remixer.

In 2006, his single  "Put Your Hands Up 4 Detroit" reached the top five on the Dutch Top 40, number one on the UK Singles Chart and stayed on the chart for 30 weeks, and spent five weeks on the dance charts in Spain.
Govinda IV
Govinda IV (reigned c. 930–936 CE) was the younger brother of Amoghavarsha II. He became the Rashtrakuta emperor in 930 as described in the Kalasa record of Chikmagalur. He was a very unpopular ruler who indulged in licentious acts. Control over Kannauj was lost during his rule. The Chalukyas of Vengi defeated him and much territory was lost. Finally, his own vassals including King Arikesari of Vemulavada revolted against him and placed Amoghavarsha III on the throne in 935. This is known from the records of Kannada poet Adikavi Pampa, who was patronised by King Arikesari. Govinda IV patronised Kannada poet Ravinagabhatta.

Eastern Chalukyas
Eastern Chalukyas, also known as the Chalukyas of Vengi, were a dynasty that ruled parts of South India between the 7th and 12th centuries. They started out as governors of the Chalukyas of Badami in the Deccan region. Subsequently, they became a sovereign power, and ruled the Vengi region of present-day Andhra Pradesh until c. 1001 CE.

Originally, the capital of the Eastern Chalukyas was located at Pishtapura (modern-day Pitapuram). It was subsequently moved to Vengi (present-day Pedavegi, near Eluru) and then to Rajamahendravaram (now Rajahmundry).  The five centuries of the Eastern Chalukya rule of Vengi saw not only the consolidation of this region into a unified whole, but also saw the efflorescence of Telugu culture, literature, poetry and art during the later half of their rule. They had marital relationship with Cholas.
Ad hoc testing
Ad hoc testing is a commonly used term for planned software testing that is performed without initial test case documentation; however, ad hoc testing can also be applied to other scientific research and quality control efforts. Ad hoc tests are useful for adding additional confidence to a resulting product or process, as well as quickly spotting important defects or inefficiencies, but they have some disadvantages, such as having inherent uncertainties in their performance and not being as useful without proper documentation post-execution and -completion. Occasionally, ad hoc testing is compared to exploratory testing as being less rigorous, though others argue that ad hoc testing still has value as "improvised testing that deals well with verifying a specific subject."

Test case (software)
In software engineering, a test case is a specification of the inputs, execution conditions, testing procedure, and expected results that define a single test to be executed to achieve a particular software testing objective, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement. Test cases underlie testing that is methodical rather than haphazard. A battery of test cases can be built to produce the desired coverage of the software being tested. Formally defined test cases allow the same tests to be run repeatedly against successive versions of the software, allowing for effective and consistent regression testing.
MLW Open Draft
The MLW Open Draft was a draft used by the American professional wrestling promotion Major League Wrestling (MLW) to refresh its roster in preparation for the promotion's return to live touring following the COVID-19 pandemic. Wrestlers were selected by MLW's various stables (referred to by MLW as "fight teams") among eight rounds, beginning on May 20, 2021, and concluding on July 10, 2021.

Major League Wrestling
Major League Wrestling (MLW) is an American professional wrestling promotion based in New Rochelle, New York. The promotion was founded in 2002 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by former WWE writer Court Bauer. The promotion markets its product as "Hybrid Wrestling", with its roster featuring a mix of different wrestling styles.

The promotion originally ran live events until 2004, with these events seen on the television series, MLW Underground TV. MLW returned to promoting events in July 2017, and resumed weekly television programming with the premiere of MLW Fusion in April 2018.
Ivan Khutorskoy
Ivan Igorevich Khutorskoy (February 17, 1983, Moscow – November 16, 2009, Moscow) was a RASH skinhead, nicknamed "Bonecrusher," who was a prominent member of the Russian anti-fascist movement. He was murdered in his home in a suburb of Moscow.

He was shot by a pistol in his own doorway on November 16, 2009. The group Combat Organization of Russian Nationalists (BORN, Russian: Боевая организация русских националистов (БОРН)) claimed responsibility for the killing, although several media outlets have questioned the existence of that organization. There are even claims that the entire organization is "purely comic-opera character."

Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice
Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice (SHARP) are anti-racist skinheads who oppose white power skinheads, neo-fascists and racism within the skinhead community, particularly if they identify themselves as skinheads. SHARPs claim to reclaim the original multicultural identity of the original skinheads, hijacked by white power skinheads, who they sometimes deride as "boneheads".

SHARP professes no political ideology or affiliation beyond the common opposition to racism. The group stresses the importance of the black Jamaican influence in the original late-1960s skinhead movement, much akin to Trojan skinheads.
Pindwara-Abu Assembly constituency
Pindwara-Abu Assembly constituency is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India.

It is part of Sirohi district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

Sirohi district
Sirohi district is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Sirohi is the district headquarters. Abu Road is the largest city in Sirohi District in terms of area and population.

As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Rajasthan (out of 33), after Jaisalmer and Pratapgarh.
Sahachiro Hata
Sahachirō Hata (秦 佐八郎, Hata Sahachirō; March 23, 1873 – November 22, 1938) was a prominent Japanese bacteriologist who researched the bubonic plague under Kitasato Shibasaburō and assisted in developing the antisyphilitic drug arsphenamine in 1909 in the laboratory of Paul Ehrlich.

Hata received three unsuccessful nominations for the Nobel Prize, one from Swiss surgeon Emil Kocher for Chemistry in 1911 and two by Japanese colleagues Hayazo Ito and G Osawa for Physiology or Medicine in 1912 and 1913, respectively.

Kitasato Shibasaburō
Baron Kitasato Shibasaburō (北里 柴三郎; January 29 [O.S. 17 January], 1853 – June 13, 1931)  was a Japanese physician and bacteriologist. He is remembered as the co-discoverer of the infectious agent of bubonic plague in Hong Kong during an outbreak in 1894, almost simultaneously with Alexandre Yersin.

Kitasato was nominated for the first annual Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901. Kitasato and Emil von Behring, working together in Berlin in 1890, announced the discovery of diphtheria antitoxin serum. Von Behring was awarded the 1901 Nobel Prize because of this work, but Kitasato was not.
Phippen
Phippen, Saskatchewan is an unincorporated community, school site, and elevator site on the Canadian Pacific line running east–west between Wilkie, Saskatchewan and Unity, Saskatchewan.

It was thought that Phippen would be the divisional point on the Canadian Pacific Railway line west of Saskatoon, but the water supply was inadequate, so the point was moved to Wilkie, Saskatchewan.

The post office opened in 1909 and remained open until 1968.  Phippen was the site of a Saskatchewan Wheat Pool grain elevator, which was taken over by the United Grain Growers in 1975.  The elevator was torn down after 2000 C.E.

Phippen School was open from 1908 to 1959.

Wilkie, Saskatchewan
Wilkie is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, located at Section 5, Township 40, Range 19, west of the 3rd Meridian (of the Dominion Land Survey). The town is at the junctions of Highways 14, 29, and 784.

Wilkie is surrounded by the RM of Buffalo No. 409 to the north and the RM of Reford No. 379 to the south.
National Culture Award (Peru)
The National Culture Award (Premio Nacional de Cultura) is an honor presented annually by the Peruvian Ministry of Culture, with the support of Petroperú, to recognize individuals and organizations that contribute to the country's cultural development. Nominations are submitted by Peruvians in categories which have varied since the award's establishment.

Ministry of Culture (Peru)
The Ministry of Culture (Spanish: Ministerio de Cultura, MINCUL) is the government ministry of Peru in charge of the promotion of Peruvian culture and identity. It was created on 20 July 2010, during the Second presidency of Alan García. It replaced the National Institute of Culture (Spanish: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, INC), with Juan Ossio Acuña serving as its inaugural minister after his appointment on 4 September 2010.

As of 2025, the culture minister is Fabricio Valencia
Sophie Mannerheim School
Sophie Mannerheim School (Finnish: Sophie Mannerheimin koulu; formerly Aurora School, Finnish: Auroran koulu) is a primary and hospital school located in the Taka-Töölö district in Helsinki, Finland. The school has grades 1–9, and it has the special mission of hospital teaching to teach elementary school-aged children who are hospitalized at HYKS. The school is named after Sophie Mannerheim (1863–1928), a baroness nurse who founded the Children's Castle, among other things.

As of 2019, the school operates in mobile modular buildings in front of the HYKS Psychiatry Center. In addition, the school has branch office on the Stenbäckinkatu street near the New Children's Hospital. As of 2023 planning is ongoing for a move of the school to Laakso, where a new hospital is expected to house a children's ward starting from 2028.

Helsinki University Central Hospital
Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH; Finnish: Helsingin seudun yliopistollinen keskussairaala; Swedish: Helsingfors universitets centralsjukhus) is a hospital network in Finland. It is one of the largest hospitals in Europe. It encompasses 17 hospitals in Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa, and has all major medical specialties represented. The HUCH Hospital Area is one of the five hospital areas making up the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS).

HUCH hospitals in Helsinki consist of the following:

Aurora Hospital

Children's Castle

Children's Hospital

Department of Oncology

Eye and Ear Hospital

Meilahti Tower Hospital (Meilahti Hospital)

Meilahti Triangle Hospital

Psychiatrycenter

Skin and Allergy Hospital

Surgical Hospital

Women's Hospital.

HUCH hospitals in Espoo and Vantaa:

Jorvi Hospital

Peijas Hospital
National Union of Co-operative Insurance Society Employees
The National Union of Co-operative Insurance Society Employees (NUCISE) was a trade union in the United Kingdom.

The union split from the recently formed National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers in 1922.  It affiliated  with the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1933, merging in 1982.

Transport and General Workers' Union
The Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU or T&G) was one of the largest general trade unions in the United Kingdom and Ireland—where it was known as the Amalgamated Transport and General Workers' Union (ATGWU)—with 900,000 members (and was once the largest trade union in the world).

The TGWU was officially founded on 1 January 1922 with the amalgamation of 14 individual trades unions. Ernest Bevin served as the union's first and longest serving General Secretary.

In 2007, the union voted to merge with Amicus to form Unite the Union.
Weedflower
Weedflower is a 2006 American children's historical novel by Cynthia Kadohata, the author of the award-winning Kira-Kira. The cover photography of the first edition is by Kamil Vojnar. The story is set in the United States during World War II and told from the perspective of 12-year-old Japanese-American Sumiko. A 6.5-hour-long audiobook version of Weedflower, read by Kimberly Farr, has been published.

Kira-Kira
Kira-Kira is a young adult novel by Cynthia Kadohata. It received the Newbery Medal for children's literature in 2005. The book's plot is about a Japanese-American family living in Georgia. The main character and narrator of the story is a girl named Katie Takeshima, the middle child in a Japanese-American family. "Kira-Kira" (キラ キラ in katakana) means glittering or shining.
Varman dynasty (Bengal)
The Varman Dynasty was a Hindu dynasty of Indian subcontinent which ruled Bengal, and later East Bihar (Anga). The Varmans established their supremacy after replacing the Chandra Dynasty. Their capital was at Bikrampur in present-day Munshiganj District of Bangladesh.

History of Varman Dynasty is known from three copperplates and the Bhuvanesvara inscription of Bhatta Bhavadeva.

Bikrampur
Bikrampur (lit. City of Courage) was a historic region and a sub-division of Dhaka within the Bengal Presidency during the period of British India. Located along the banks of the Padma River (a major distributary of the Ganges), it was a significant cultural and political centre in both ancient and medieval Bengal. Today, the region is part of the Munshiganj District in Bangladesh.
Ahu Tongariki
Ahu Tongariki (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈa.u (ˈaxu) toŋɡaˈɾiki]) is the largest ahu on Easter Island (Rapa Nui). Its moais were toppled during the island's civil wars, and in the twentieth century the ahu was swept inland by a tsunami. It has since been restored and has fifteen moai, including one that weighs eighty-six tonnes, the heaviest ever erected on the island. Ahu Tongariki is one kilometer from Rano Raraku and Poike in the Hotu-iti area of Rapa Nui National Park.  All the moai here face sunset during the winter solstice.

Rano Raraku
Rano Raraku (Rapa Nui: [ˈɾano ɾaˈɾaku], Spanish: [ˈrano raˈɾaku]) is a volcanic crater formed of consolidated volcanic ash, or tuff, and located on the lower slopes of Terevaka in the Rapa Nui National Park on Easter Island in Chile. It was a quarry for about 500 years until the early eighteenth century, and supplied the stone from which about 95% of the island's known monolithic sculptures (moai) were carved. Rano Raraku is a visual record of moai design vocabulary and technological innovation, where 887 moai remain. Rano Raraku is in the World Heritage Site of Rapa Nui National Park and gives its name to one of the seven sections of the park.
RBC Bank
RBC Bank is the trading name of RBC Bank (Georgia), N.A., the United States–based retail banking division of the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) which is targeted toward Canadian snowbirds, expatriates, and frequent tourists. Despite its limited reach, RBC Bank is a federally chartered bank, thus its trading name bears "N.A." letters.

The brand name was originally used by RBC Bank USA (formerly RBC Centura), formed in 2001 when RBC acquired the  Rocky Mount, North Carolina–based Centura Bank. In 2012, RBC Bank USA's banking division for American clients was sold to PNC Financial Services while RBC's cross-border banking services for Canadians were transferred to the newly incorporated RBC Bank (Georgia), N.A. subsidiary. RBC then acquired Los Angeles–based City National Bank in 2015 to serve American clients.

City National Bank (California)
City National Bank (CNB) is a bank headquartered at City National Plaza in Los Angeles, California. CNB was founded in 1957, and since 2015 is a subsidiary of the Toronto-based Royal Bank of Canada. It is the 30th largest bank in the United States as of December 31, 2023.

CNB has been dubbed the "Bank to the Stars" due to its extensive relationships with numerous Hollywood entertainment industry clients, and deals with many exclusive and premier clients from various media, including television, film, theater and the arts.
Battle of Kusseri
The Battle of Kusseri between German and French forces took place from late August to 25 September 1914 in Kusseri, northeastern Kamerun during the Kamerun campaign of World War I. The action resulted in the French capture of the Kusseri fort and the German garrison's retreat to Mora.

Kamerun
Kamerun  was an African protectorate of the German Empire from 1884 to 1916 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon. Kamerun also included northern parts of Gabon and the Congo with western parts of the Central African Republic, southwestern parts of Chad and far northeastern parts of Nigeria.
Mitch Rowland
Mitchell Kristopher Rowland is an American songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, best known for his work as a touring guitarist and for co-writing songs on all three of Harry Styles's solo albums. "Watermelon Sugar", a song he co-wrote with Styles, Tyler Johnson, and Thomas Hull, was nominated for and won Best Pop Solo Performance at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2021. Rowland, along with Styles, Johnson, and Hull, also won the Brit Award for Song of the Year for "Watermelon Sugar" at the 2021 Brit Awards.

Kid Harpoon
Thomas Edward Percy Hull (born 20 April 1982), known professionally as Kid Harpoon, is a British songwriter, record producer, and musician. In 2023, he won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year and the Brit Award for Songwriter of the Year for his work on Harry's House by Harry Styles. He co-produced the best-selling global single of 2022, "As It Was" and the best-selling global single of 2023, "Flowers". The latter won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year.
Apati, Ladakh
Apati is a village in Kargil district of the Indian union territory of Ladakh. It is in the Sod Valley close to the India–Pakistan border (LOC). The village is located 19 kilometres east of Kargil, on "Kargil-Batalik Road" on the bank of the Tumel Lungpa stream. Near the village is Apati Chamba, an ancient Maitreya Buddha statue from 7th–11th centuries carved on a mountain cliff.

Batalik
Batalik is a village and military base in Ladakh, India, located in a narrow section of the Indus River valley, close to the Line of Control with Pakistan-administered Baltistan. It was a focal point of the 1999 Kargil War because of its strategic location between Kargil, Leh and Baltistan.

Batalik is 56 km from Kargil and is located in the Dah Hanu region, also known as the "Aryan Valley", populated by Brokpa people. Administratively, it is treated as a hamlet of the Silmo village.
Outline of natural language processing
Natural language processing is computer activity in which computers are entailed to analyze, understand, alter, or generate natural language.  This includes the automation of any or all linguistic forms, activities, or methods of communication, such as conversation, correspondence, reading, written composition, dictation, publishing, translation, lip reading, and so on.  Natural-language processing is also the name of the branch of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics concerned with enabling computers to engage in communication using natural language(s) in all forms, including but not limited to speech, print, writing, and signing. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to natural-language processing:

Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.
Ma Shi Chau Special Area
Ma Shi Chau Special Area (Chinese: 馬屎洲特別地區) is a Special Area of Hong Kong. It is located in Tai Po District and in Tolo Harbour, in the northeast of the New Territories.

The Special Area comprises four islands in Tolo Harbour, namely Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island, Yeung Chau and an unnamed island located about 100 metres (330 ft) northeast of the shore of Yim Tin Tsai near Sam Mun Tsai New Village.

It was designated in 1999 and covers 61 hectares.

This area is considered a geological wonder, there are rocks over 280 million years old from the Permian period.

Conservation in Hong Kong
Out of the total 1,114 km2 of land in Hong Kong, three-quarters is countryside, with various landscapes including beaches, woodlands, and mountain ranges being found within the small territory. Most of Hong Kong's parks have abundant natural diversity, usually containing over 1,000 species of plants.