hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2016 Arizona House of Representatives election
The 2016 Arizona House of Representatives election took place on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, with the primary election held on Tuesday, August 30, 2016. Arizona voters elected all 60 members of the Arizona House of Representatives in multi-member districts to serve two-year terms.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Arizona state elections, including U.S. president, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and Arizona Senate.

Following the previous election in 2014, Republicans held a 36-to-24-seat majority over Democrats. Republicans maintained their majority in 2016, though the GOP majority narrowed to 35 seats. At 25 members, Democrats experienced a net gain of one seat. The newly elected members served in the 53rd Arizona State Legislature, during which Republican J.D. Mesnard was elected as Speaker of the Arizona House.

2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona were held on November 8, 2016, to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the state of Arizona, one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on August 30.
Zephyr (artist)
ZEPHYR, born Andrew Witten, is a graffiti artist, lecturer and author from New York City. He began writing graffiti in 1975 using the name "Zephyr" in 1977. He is considered a graffiti "elder", who along with Futura 2000, Blade, PHASE 2, CRASH, Lady Pink and TAKI 183 invented styles and standards which are still in use.

Futura (graffiti artist)
Leonard Hilton McGurr (born November 17, 1955), known as Futura, and formerly known as Futura 2000, is an American artist.

Futura began painting graffiti as a teenager in the 1970s in New York and crossed over into the early 1980s art boom.  Known for his distinctive style, a fusion of graffiti and abstract expressionism, Futura painted backdrops live on-stage for British punk rock band The Clash's Combat Rock tour. More recently, he is a successful graphic designer and gallery artist.
Gbcast
Gbcast (also known as group broadcast) is a reliable multicast protocol that provides ordered, fault-tolerant (all-or-none) message delivery in a group of receivers within a network of machines that experience crash failure. The protocol is capable of solving consensus in a network of unreliable processors, and can be used to implement state machine replication. Gbcast can be used in a standalone manner, or can support the virtual synchrony execution model, in which case Gbcast is normally used for group membership management while other, faster, protocols are often favored for routine communication tasks.

Consensus (computer science)
A fundamental problem in distributed computing and multi-agent systems is to achieve overall system reliability in the presence of a number of faulty processes. This often requires coordinating processes to reach consensus, or agree on some data value that is needed during computation. Example applications of consensus include agreeing on what transactions to commit to a database in which order, state machine replication, and atomic broadcasts. Real-world applications often requiring consensus include cloud computing, clock synchronization, PageRank, opinion formation, smart power grids, state estimation, control of UAVs (and multiple robots/agents in general), load balancing, blockchain, and others.
Brianyoungite
Brianyoungite is a secondary zinc carbonate mineral. The Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) classifies it as a carbonate with the formula Zn3(CO3)(OH)4, but sulfate groups SO4 also occupy the carbonate CO3 positions, in the ratio of about one sulfate to three carbonates, so other sources give the formula as Zn3(CO3,SO4)(OH)4, and Gaines et al. classify the mineral as a compound carbonate.  It is 
similar in appearance to hydrozincite, another zinc carbonate.  It was discovered in 1991 and designated IMA1991-053.  In 1993 it was named "brianyoungite" after Brian Young (born 1947), a field geologist with the British Geological Survey, who provided the first specimens.

Hydrozincite
Hydrozincite, also known as zinc bloom or marionite, is a white carbonate mineral consisting of Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6. It is usually found in massive rather than crystalline form.

It occurs as an oxidation product of zinc ores and as post mine incrustations. It occurs associated with smithsonite, hemimorphite, willemite, cerussite, aurichalcite, calcite and limonite.

It was first described in 1853 for an occurrence in Bad Bleiberg, Carinthia, Austria and named for its chemical content.
German submarine U-4707
German submarine U-4707 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 7 July 1944, and was laid down on 5 December 1944 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft AG, Kiel, as yard number 949. She was launched on 25 January 1945 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Joachim Leder on 20 February 1945.

Type XXIII submarine
German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboote ("electric boats") to become operational. They were small coastal submarines designed to operate in the shallow waters of the North Sea, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, where larger Type XXI electric boats were at risk in World War II. They were so small they could carry only two torpedoes, which had to be loaded externally. As with their far larger sisters—the Type XXI—they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats, due to the improved streamlining of their shape, batteries with larger capacity and the snorkel, which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged. The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design. Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II, but most of these were either cancelled, scrapped incomplete, or only projected.
History of Dubuque, Iowa
The city of Dubuque, Iowa stretches back over 200 years, when Julien Dubuque first settled in the area in the late 18th century. Within the modern era, the city has focused on subjects such as flooding, racial issues, and redevelopment.

Dubuque, Iowa
Dubuque (/dəˈbjuːk/ ⓘ, dəb-YOOK) is a city in Dubuque County, Iowa, United States, and its county seat. The population was 59,667 at the 2020 census. The city lies along the Mississippi River at the junction of Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin, a region locally known as the Tri-State Area. It serves as the main commercial, industrial, educational, and cultural center for the area. Geographically, it is part of the Driftless Area, a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsin Glaciation, resulting in a hilly topography unlike most of the Midwestern United States.

Dubuque is a regional tourist destination featuring the city's architecture, casinos, and riverside location. It is home to five institutions of higher education. While Dubuque has historically been a center of manufacturing, the local economy also includes health care, publishing, and financial service sectors.
James E. McPherson
James Edwin McPherson (born January 20, 1953) is an American government official and retired United States Navy rear admiral. He served as the General Counsel of the Army from January 2, 2018, to March 24, 2020. He served as the United States Under Secretary of the Army from March 25, 2020, to January 20, 2021, and in acting capacity from July 23, 2019, to March 24, 2020. He served as Acting United States Secretary of the Navy from April 7, 2020, to May 29, 2020, following the resignation of Thomas Modly.

Thomas Modly
Thomas B. Modly (born December 15, 1960) is an American businessman and former government official who served as acting United States Secretary of the Navy from November 24, 2019, to April 7, 2020.

Modly resigned as acting secretary amid wide criticism after firing the captain of the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt. He relieved Captain Brett Crozier for allegedly going outside the chain of command in calling for help with a COVID-19 outbreak, then flew to Guam and addressed Crozier's former crew in a manner that was perceived as disrespectful.

Modly had earlier served as Under Secretary of the Navy from December 4, 2017. He temporarily performed the duties of the Secretary of the Navy from July 15, 2019, to July 31, 2019, while Richard V. Spencer served as acting Secretary of Defense and acting Deputy Secretary of Defense.
Use of camite during the 2024–2026 Georgian protests
According to a BBC News investigation published in November 2025, α-bromobenzyl cyanide, a World War I-era tear gas also known as camite, was used against protestors by Georgian law enforcement during the 2024–2026 Georgian protests. The BBC investigation found evidence that the camite appeared to have been added to the water in the water cannons used against protesters. The evidence included reports and testimony from protesters, medical reports, statements from police insiders, journalists, and human rights organizations. The reports suggested that the camite caused health problems that lasted much longer than is normal for riot-control substances. An observational medical survey found that the use of the water cannon against the protestors "was associated with significant ECG changes, indicating potential cardiopulmonary effects". Amnesty International called for an international investigation under the Chemical Weapons Convention.

Bromobenzyl cyanide
Bromobenzyl cyanide (BBC), also known in the military idiom as camite, is an obsolete lachrymatory agent introduced in World War I by the Allied Powers, being a standard agent, along with chloroacetophenone, adopted by the Chemical Warfare Service. It was thought to have been phased out in the 1930s, but has allegedly seen use in 2024, when authorities in the Republic of Georgia are said to have used it to quell anti-government protests.

When implemented in World War I, it revolutionized the use of tear agents due to its extreme potency and great persistence. Bromobenzyl cyanide has been described as too toxic for use as a non-lethal crowd control agent.
Venceslau de Lima
Venceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima, ComTe, GCTE, ComSE, GCSE, ComC, GCC, ComNSC, GCNSC (15 November 1858 in Porto – 24 December 1919 in Lisbon), also known as Venceslau de Lima and anglicized as Wenceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima or Wenceslau de Lima, was a Portuguese geologist, paleontologist, viticulturist, and politician who, among other functions, served as a member of Parliament, a minister, and as President of the Council of Ministers (now Prime Minister). He was a member of the Sciences Academy of Lisbon.

Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.

There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have been exceptions over the years.
Gary Breit
Gary Breit (June 18, 1960) is a Canadian keyboardist and vocalist best known for his collaboration with singer/songwriter Bryan Adams. He has also recorded with acts such as Amanda Marshall, Cassandra Wilson, Corey Hart, Amy Sky, Long John Baldry, Damhnait Doyle and has toured with Kim Mitchell and Bryan Adams. He has also released an album entitled Breit Bros with his brothers Kevin and Garth.

Breit played keyboards on Adams' 2004 album Room Service after the departure of Adams' former keyboardist, Tommy Mandel. He has subsequently toured continuously with Adams and his band.

Corey Hart (singer)
Corey Mitchell Hart (born May 31, 1962) is a Canadian singer, musician and songwriter known for his hit singles "Sunglasses at Night", "Never Surrender" and "It Ain't Enough". He has sold over 16 million records worldwide and recorded nine US Billboard Top 40 hits. In Canada, 30 of Hart's recordings have been Top 40 hits, including 11 in the Top 10, over the course of over 35 years in the music industry. Nominated for the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1984, Hart is an inductee of both Canadian Music Hall of Fame and Canada's Walk of Fame, and is also a multiple Juno award nominee and winner, including the Diamond Award for his best-selling album Boy in the Box. He has also been honoured by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) and the Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada (SOCAN).
Allison J35
The General Electric/Allison J35 was the United States Air Force's first axial-flow (straight-through airflow) compressor jet engine. Originally developed by General Electric (GE company designation TG-180) in parallel with the Whittle-based centrifugal-flow J33, the J35 was a fairly simple turbojet, consisting of an eleven-stage axial-flow compressor and a single-stage turbine. With the afterburner, which most models carried, it produced a thrust of 7,400 lbf (33 kN).

Like the J33, the design of the J35 originated at General Electric, but major production was by the Allison Engine Company.

Allison J33
The General Electric/Allison J33 is an American centrifugal-flow jet engine, a development of the General Electric J31, enlarged to produce significantly greater thrust, starting at 4,000 lbf (18 kN) and ending at 4,600 lbf (20 kN) with an additional low-altitude boost to 5,400 lbf (24 kN) with water-alcohol injection.
Coke Studio Pakistan season 15
The fifteenth season of the Pakistani music television series Coke Studio Pakistan aired from 14 April to 4 July 2024 and was produced and curated by Xulfi. Maintaining the format of the previous season, this season featured 11 original compositions released as individual singles, each accompanied by a dedicated music video.

Coke Studio Pakistan season 14
The fourteenth season of the Pakistani music television series Coke Studio Pakistan was produced by Zulfiqar Jabbar Khan (popularly known as Xulfi) after Rohail Hyatt stepped down from the role. Coca-Cola Pakistan was the executive producer of the show. Season 14 featured 13 original songs, each with its own visuals, and ran from 14 January 2022 to 22 March 2022.
Alexander Wendt
Alexander Wendt (born 12 June 1958) is an American political scientist and a founding figure of social constructivism in the field of international relations, and a key contributor to quantum social science. Wendt and academics such as Nicholas Onuf, Peter J. Katzenstein, Emanuel Adler, Michael Barnett, Kathryn Sikkink, John Ruggie, Martha Finnemore and others have, within a relatively short period, established constructivism as one of the major schools of thought in the field.

A 2017 Teaching, Research, and International Policy (TRIP) survey of 1,400 international relations scholars worldwide ranked Wendt as the most influential scholar in the field over the past 20 years. Earlier TRIP surveys in 2006 and 2011 also recognized his work as among the most impactful in the discipline. Wendt’s scholarship has garnered over 50,000 citations on Google Scholar, making him one of the most cited researchers in international relations, alongside figures like Joseph Nye and James Fearon.

Nicholas Onuf
Nicholas Onuf (born 1941) is an American scholar. Onuf is currently Professor Emeritus of International Relations at Florida International University and is on the editorial boards of International Political Sociology, Cooperation and Conflict, and Contexto Internacional. He is a constructivist scholar of international relations. He has been credited with coining the term "Constructivism."
Republican Party of India (Kamble)
The Republican Party of India (Kamble) is a political party in India, a splinter group of the old Ambedkarite Republican Party of India. The leader of the party is B. C. Kamble. Its presence is limited to Maharashtra among Dalits.

Recently, all factions of RPI except Prakash Ambedkar's Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha attempted to reunite and form a united "Republican Party of India".

Republican Party of India
The Republican Party of India (RPI, often called the Republican Party or simply Republican) was a political party in India. It had its roots in the All-India Scheduled Castes Federation led by N. Sivaraj and B. R. Ambedkar. The party established by Ambedkar in 1956 was to serve as an entry point to the Republican Party of India (RPI).
Andrew Zwicker
Andrew P. Zwicker (born May 17, 1964) is an American physicist and politician who has served in the New Jersey Senate from the 16th Legislative District since 2022. He previously served in the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 16th District from 2016 to 2022. Zwicker was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives in New Jersey's 12th congressional district in 2014.

He is a member of the Democratic Party as well as the head of the Science Education Department of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. He has been described as a  protégé of former Representative Rush Holt Jr.

Rush Holt Jr.
Rush Dew Holt Jr. (born October 15, 1948) is an American scientist and politician who served as the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 12th congressional district from 1999 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party and son of former West Virginia U.S. Senator Rush D. Holt Sr. He worked as a professor of public policy and physics, and during his tenure in Congress he was one of two physicists and the only Quaker there.

Holt sought the Democratic nomination in the 2013 special primary election to fill the seat of U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg, who died in office on June 3, 2013. He lost the nomination to Newark Mayor Cory Booker. Holt announced on February 18, 2014 that he would not seek re-election to the U.S. House that year.

In February 2015, Holt became chief executive officer of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and executive publisher of the Science family of journals.  He served in that role until his retirement in September 2019.
Median rhomboid glossitis
Median rhomboid glossitis  is a condition characterized by an area of redness and loss of lingual papillae on the central dorsum of the tongue, sometimes including lesions of the tongue and palate. It is seen in patients using inhaled steroids and smokers, and is usually a kind of chronic atrophic oral candidiasis, but hematinic deficiency and diabetes should be excluded.

Oral candidiasis
Oral candidiasis (Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis), also known as oral thrush, is candidiasis that occurs in the mouth. That is, oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast/fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth.

Candida albicans is the most commonly implicated organism in this condition. C. albicans is carried in the mouths of about 50% of the world's population as a normal component of the oral microbiota. This candidal carriage state is not considered a disease, but when Candida species become pathogenic and invade host tissues, oral candidiasis can occur. This change usually constitutes an opportunistic infection by normally harmless micro-organisms because of local (i.e., mucosal) or systemic factors altering host immunity.
Paris sewers
Although the Romans built a small number of sewer lines on the Left Bank, the development of the sewers of Paris dates back to the year 1370, when the first underground system was built under Rue Montmartre. Consecutive French governments enlarged the system to cover the city's population, including modernization and expansions under Louis XIV and Napoleon III. These were followed by modernisation programs in the 1990s under Mayor Jacques Chirac. Paris's sewer system has featured in popular culture throughout its existence, including  Victor Hugo's 1862 novel, Les Misérables, and H. L. Humes's 1958 novel The Underground City.

Sanitary sewer
A sanitary sewer is an underground pipe or tunnel system for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings (but not stormwater) to a sewage treatment plant or disposal.

Sanitary sewers are a type of gravity sewer and are part of an overall system called a "sewage system" or sewerage. Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas may also carry industrial wastewater. In municipalities served by sanitary sewers, separate storm drains may convey surface runoff directly to surface waters. An advantage of sanitary sewer systems is that they avoid combined sewer overflows. Sanitary sewers are typically much smaller in diameter than combined sewers which also transport urban runoff. Backups of raw sewage can occur if excessive stormwater inflow or groundwater infiltration occurs due to leaking joints, defective pipes etc. in aging infrastructure.
Bluestone
Bluestone is a cultural or commercial name for a number of natural dimension or building stone varieties, including:

basalt in Victoria, Australia, and in New Zealand

dolerites in Tasmania, Australia; and in Britain (including Stonehenge)

feldspathic sandstone in the US and Canada

limestone in the Shenandoah Valley in the US, from the Hainaut quarries in Soignies, Belgium, and from quarries in County Carlow, County Galway and County Kilkenny in Ireland

slate in South Australia

It is unrelated to human-made blue brick.

Feldspar
Feldspar (/ˈfɛl(d).ˌspɑːr/ FEL(D)-spar; sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the plagioclase (sodium-calcium) feldspars and the alkali (potassium-sodium) feldspars. Feldspars make up about 60% of the Earth's crust and 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight.

Feldspars crystallize from magma as both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock. Rock formed almost entirely of calcic plagioclase feldspar is known as anorthosite. Feldspars are also found in many types of sedimentary rocks.
Quercus look
Quercus look, the look oak or Mount Hermon oak,  is a species of oak in subgenus Cerris, section Cerris, native to the Levant region of Western Asia, including northern Israel, Lebanon, and Syria. Of the local oak species, it prefers to grow at the highest altitudes, for instance at c. 1800 m on Mount Hermon.

Quercus subg. Cerris
Quercus subgenus Cerris is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Quercus). It contains about 140 species divided among three sections. It may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade; all species are native to Eurasia and North Africa.