hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 East Java earthquake
On 11 October 2018, an earthquake struck off the coast of East Java, Indonesia, with the epicentre located off the coast of Situbondo Regency. The earthquake, which struck at dawn, killed four people in addition to destroying or damaging hundreds of houses, mostly on the small island of Sapudi.

Sapudi Islands
Sapudi Islands are a group of 14 islands that lie between Madura Island and the Kangean islands of Indonesia. It is part of the Greater Sunda Islands and is located in the Java Sea. The Sapudi Islands are administered as three kecamatan (districts) of Sumenep Regency in the province of East Java. The land area is 167.38 km2, and there was a population of 82,024 at the 2010 Census and 85,284 at the 2020 Census, but the official estimate for mid 2022 showed a decline to 77,153. The Sapudi dialect of the Madurese language is spoken on the islands.

Nonggunong District includes the northern half of Sapudi Island (Pulau Sapedi) and the small offshore islands of Manok and Payangan. Gayam District includes the southern half of Sapudi Island. Raas District comprises 11 islands further east, of which the main are Raas, Ketupat and Tonduk. The main settlement on Sapudi Island (Nonggunong District) is Sonok, while on Raas Island, the main settlement is at Brakas in the east.
Virginia State Route 114
State Route 114 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  Known as Peppers Ferry Road, the state highway runs 10.32 miles (16.61 km) from U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in Fairlawn east to US 460 in Christiansburg.  SR 114 is the northernmost of three east–west highways between Radford and Christiansburg and the most direct highway between Radford and Blacksburg.  The state highway also connects those cities with the Radford Army Ammunition Plant.

Virginia State Route 8
State Route 8 (SR 8) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 55.88 miles (89.93 km) from the North Carolina state line near Palmetto, where the highway continues south as North Carolina Highway 8 (NC 8), north to U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in Christiansburg. SR 8 is part of a 151-mile (243 km) two-state highway 8 system and is the main north–south highway of Patrick County, Floyd County, and southern Montgomery County, connecting their respective county seats of Stuart, Floyd, and Christiansburg with each other and with the Blue Ridge Parkway. The state highway also links the New River Valley region of Virginia with Southside Virginia via US 58 and the Piedmont Triad of North Carolina via NC 8.
Oscarberg
The Oscarberg, called by the Zulus Shiyane ("The Eyebrow"), is the name given by the Reverend Otto Witt to a large hill 350 yards to the southeast (and rear) of the two buildings which formed the trading post at the Battle of Rorke's Drift (1879). The post was established by the British in 1845, was sold to the Norwegian Missionary Society in 1878, and renamed by the Swedish missionary Witt "Oscarberg" (or sometimes "Oskarsberg") after the reigning King Oscar II of the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway.

The location and elevation of the hill did not enable the untrained Zulu to take full advantage to inflict British casualties at Rorke's Drift.

The Oscarberg is the subject in the famous painting of the battle, The Defence of Rorke's Drift (1880), by Alphonse Marie de Neuville.

Zulu people
Zulu people (/ˈzuːluː/; Zulu: amaZulu) are a native people of Southern Africa of the Nguni. The Zulu people are the largest ethnic group and nation in South Africa, living mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.

They originated from Nguni communities who took part in the Bantu migrations over millennia. As the clans integrated, the rulership of Shaka brought success to the Zulu nation due to his improved military tactics and organization.

Zulus take pride in their ceremonies such as the Umhlanga, or Reed Dance, and their various forms of beadwork.

The art and skill of beadwork take part in the identification of Zulu people and act as a form of communication and dedication to the nation and specific traditions. Today, the Zulu people are predominantly Christian, but have created a syncretic religion that is combined with the Zulu's prior belief systems.
Mana Expedition to Easter Island
The Mana Expedition to Easter Island (Polynesian: mana means "good luck") occurred between March 1913 and August 1915. It was the first archaeological expedition to Easter Island which was privately organized and funded, preceding the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island of Thor Heyerdahl by more than 40 years. The Mana Expedition was led by Katherine and William Scoresby Routledge. The expedition and its ship, the Mana, bore the same name. The ship left Falmouth, England on 13 March 1913 with a crew of twelve, including a surveyor, geologist, sailing master, navigator, engineer, cook, seamen, a cabin boy and the Routledges. They arrived on the southern coast of the island at Hanga Roa Bay, by way of the Strait of Magellan, on 29 March 1914, setting up their first camp at Mataveri, on the island's southwest corner. The English archaeologist O. G. S. Crawford referred to the expedition as "an archaeological fiasco".

Katherine Routledge
Katherine Maria Routledge (/ˈraʊtlɛdʒ/ ROWT-lej; née Pease; 11 August 1866 – 13 December 1935) was an English archaeologist and anthropologist who, in 1914, initiated and carried out much of the first true survey of Easter Island.

She was the second child of Kate and Gurney Pease, and was born into a wealthy Quaker family in Darlington, County Durham, northern England. She graduated from Somerville Hall (now Somerville College, Oxford), with Honours in Modern History in 1895, and for a while taught courses through the Extension Division and at Darlington Training College. After the Second Boer War, she traveled to South Africa with a committee to investigate the resettlement of single working women from England to South Africa. In 1906 she married William Scoresby Routledge. The couple went to live among the Kikuyu people of what was then British East Africa, and in 1910 jointly published a book of their research entitled With A Prehistoric People.
Glenn Archer
Glenn Archer (born 24 March 1973) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played his entire career with the North Melbourne Football Club.

Archer had a reputation as one of the most courageous players ever to play the game. The AFL Players Association awarded him the Robert Rose Award for Most Courageous Player six times in nine years between 1998 and 2006, the most of any player in the award's history. In recognition as one of the best players in the AFL, Archer achieved All-Australian selection three times and also represented Victoria in State of Origin.

Archer is one of the North Melbourne Football Club's greatest players, a dual-premiership and Norm Smith Medallist, he holds the third most games record for North Melbourne, is a member of the North Melbourne Team of the Century and is recognised with the title the "Shinboner of the Century" as the North Melbourne player who most embodies the Shinboner spirit.

AFL Players Association
The AFL Players Association (AFLPA, also simply known as AFL Players) is the representative body for all current and past professional Australian Football League (AFL) and AFL Women's (AFLW) players.

The AFLPA promotes and protects its members through initiatives including workplace relations, advocacy, career development, and various community events.

Players' welfare is the primary function of AFLPA, and it aims to ensure the sustainability and integrity of the game by investing in the personal development of past, present, and future AFL footballers.

Established in its current form in 1974, the AFL Players Association provides a means for the AFL and Clubs to consult with players, lobby for players, and collaborate on rules and other issues affecting AFL players.

The current CEO of the AFLPA is Paul Marsh and current President is Darcy Moore.
Debi Prasad Mishra
Debi Prasad Mishra is an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a six time elected Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from 1995, representing Kendrapara Assembly constituency as a Member of the Janata Dal and from 2000, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019 representing the same constituency as a member of Biju Janata Dal.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
Charles Bruzon
Charles Arthur Bruzon (10 June 1938 – 16 April 2013) was a Gibraltarian politician and former Roman Catholic priest. He was affiliated with the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP). In the general elections of 2011, he was elected to the Gibraltar Parliament and appointed Minister for Housing and the Elderly.

2011 Gibraltar general election
General elections were held in Gibraltar on 8 December 2011. Two parties, the Gibraltar Social Democrats (GSD) and the Progressive Democrative Party (PDP) and an alliance of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP) and the Liberal Party of Gibraltar (LPG) each presented a full slate of ten candidates each, making a total of thirty candidates standing for seventeen seats in the Gibraltar Parliament. Members of Parliament in Gibraltar are elected "at-large" in a single electoral area covering the whole territory.

Several pre-election polls gave the GSLP an advantage of up to 9% over the governing party, the GSD, while one (that of the Spanish newspaper Area, which published no details and was widely thought to be politically motivated) predicted a GSD win.
Beres Hammond
Hugh Beresford Hammond OJ (born 28 August 1955, in Annotto Bay, Saint Mary, Jamaica) is a Jamaican reggae singer, known in particular for his lovers rock music.  While his career began in the 1970s, he reached his greatest success in the 1990s.

Order of Jamaica
The Order of Jamaica is the fifth of the six orders in the Jamaican honours system. The Order was established in 1969, and it is considered the equivalent of a knighthood in the British honours system.

Membership in the Order can be conferred upon any Jamaican citizen of outstanding distinction. Honorary membership in the Order can be conferred upon any distinguished citizen of a country other than Jamaica.

Members and Honorary Members are entitled to:

wear the insignia of the Order as a decoration,

be styled "The Honourable",

use the post-nominal letters "OJ" (for Members) or "OJ (Hon.)" (for Honorary Members).

The motto of the Order is "For a covenant of the people".
Jaan Lippmaa
Jaan Lippmaa (30 March 1942 – 16 November 2021) was an Estonian engineer and politician. He was a member of the August 20 Club.

Lippmaa graduated from the Institute of Automation of Tallinn University of Technology in 1968 with a degree in automation and telemechanics. He worked in a dairy factory from 1968 to 1978 before working as  a fisherman from 1978 to 1990. From 1990 to 1992, he served on the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (renamed the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia in 1990). On 20 August 1991, he voted in favor of Estonian Restoration of Independence.

Estonian Restoration of Independence
Estonian Restoration of Independence, legally defined as the Restoration of the Republic of Estonia, was proclaimed on 20 August 1991. On that day at 23:02 local time, the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia, in agreement with the Estonian Committee (the executive organ of the Congress of Estonia), declared the illegal Soviet occupation and annexation of the country terminated, and proclaimed the full restoration of the independence of Estonia.
Finnish–Novgorodian wars
The Finnish–Novgorodian wars were a series of conflicts between Finnic tribes in eastern Fennoscandia and the Republic of Novgorod from the 11th or 12th century to the early 14th century.

The terms used in Russian chronicles to refer to Novgorod's enemy, the Yem' (Емь, also transcribed as Em') or Yam' (Ямь), are unclear and probably referred to several different groups. Etymologically, they derive from the Finnish word Häme, which means Tavastia. Some of the groups identified as Yem may have been the inhabitants of Tavastland in south-central Finland, the West Finns in general, or a sub-group of Karelians on the northern coast of the Ladoga who descended from western Finns who had moved to the area earlier.

Lake Ladoga
Lake Ladoga is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg.

It is the largest lake located entirely in Europe, the second largest lake in Russia after Lake Baikal, and the 14th largest lake by area in the world. It is comparable in size to Lake Ontario. Ladoga Lacus, a methane lake on Saturn's moon Titan, is named after the lake.
2-4-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-4-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and no trailing wheels. In most of North America it became known as a Porter.

The notation 2-4-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, on which its water and fuel is carried on board the engine itself, rather than in an attached tender. A subset is 2-4-0WT, a configuration in which the water is under the bolier in a well tank.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Caledonian Union
The Caledonian Union (French: Union calédonienne, UC) is a pro-independence and the oldest political party in New Caledonia. In the latest legislative elections of May 10, 2009, the party won around 11.65% of the popular vote, and 9 out of 54 seats in the Territorial Congress.

Congress of New Caledonia
The Congress of New Caledonia (French: Congrès de la Nouvelle-Calédonie), a "territorial congress" (congrès territorial or congrès du territoire), is the legislature of New Caledonia. The congress is headquartered at 1 Boulevard Vauban in downtown Noumea. Local media in New Caledonia refer to the congress as "boulevard Vauban" when referencing it.
Otoe
The Otoe (Chiwere: Jiwére) are a Native American people of the Midwestern United States. The Otoe language, Chiwere, is part of the Siouan family and closely related to that of the related Iowa, Missouria, and Ho-Chunk tribes.

Historically, the Otoe tribe lived as a semi-nomadic people on the Central Plains along the bank of the Missouri River in Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri. They lived in elm-bark lodges while they farmed, and used tipis while traveling, like many other Plains tribes. They often left their villages to hunt buffalo.

In the early 19th century, many of their villages were destroyed due to warfare with other tribes. European-American encroachment and disease also played a role in their decline. Today, Otoe people belong to the federally recognized tribe, the Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, headquartered in Red Rock, Oklahoma.

Red Rock, Oklahoma
Red Rock (Iowa-Oto: Chína Ino Šúje pronounced ĩꜜno suꜜdʒɛ, meaning "Rock Red town") is a town in northern Noble County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Red Rock had a population of 245. The headquarters of the Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians is located in Red Rock.
Northwest Columbus (Ohio)
Northwest Columbus is a region in Franklin County, Ohio.  It has about 45,000 residents, according to the 2010 U.S. census.

Northwest Columbus is bounded by the Scioto River on the west, the Olentangy River on the east, State Route 161 on the north, and Highland Drive and Henderson Road on the south.

The region includes parts of Perry Township, Sharon Township, the City of Dublin, and the City of Worthington.

Worthington, Ohio
Worthington is a city in Franklin County, Ohio, United States, and is a northern suburb of Columbus. The population in the 2020 census was 14,786. The city was founded in 1803 by the Scioto Company led by James Kilbourne, who was later elected to the United States House of Representatives, and named in honor of Thomas Worthington, who later became governor of Ohio.
Pairot Eiammak
Pairot Eiammak (Thai: ไพโรจน์ เอี่ยมมาก, born 25 February 1992), or simply known as Art (Thai: อาร์ต), is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Thai League 2 club Chiangmai United.

Thai League 2
Thai League 2 (Thai: ไทยลีก 2), commonly known as the T2, formally called Thai Division 1 League, is the second-tier professional league in the Thai football league system. Seasons typically run from August to May, with each team playing 34 games : two against each other team, one home and one away. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Seal 5 League II. Champion, runner up and teams ranked 3rd – 6th qualified in play off for last spot in top tier promoted to Thai League 1 at the end of the season, whilst three are relegated to Thai League 3.
Grand Falls Andcos
The Grand Falls Andcos were a senior ice hockey team based in Grand Falls, Newfoundland and Labrador in the Newfoundland Senior Hockey League that won six Herder Memorial championships in seven years as all-Newfoundland champions. With the support of the Anglo-Newfoundland Development Company (A.N.D. Co.), owners of the town's pulp and paper mill and the builder of a new state-of-the-art stadium in 1947, the team that later became known as the Andcos built a strong roster with imported players and dominated Newfoundland senior hockey during the 1950s.

Herder Memorial Trophy
The Herder Memorial Trophy, colloquially known as the Herder,  is the championship trophy awarded annually to the senior ice hockey champions of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The original cast silver trophy was donated in 1935 by The Evening Telegram newspaper, on behalf of the Herder family, as a memorial to five brothers who played hockey in St. John's.

First presented in 1935, the Herder Memorial Trophy has been awarded 86 times. The Herder was not awarded in 1942, 1943, 1991, 2020 and 2021. The first winner of the Herder trophy was a team from Corner Brook that won the inaugural all-Newfoundland ice hockey championship on March 22, 1935. The record of most Herder wins belongs to the teams from St. John's that won the trophy a total of 20 times. The 2025 Herder was awarded on April 5, 2025 to the Deer Lake Red Wings.
Devin Sweetney
Devin Antonio Sweetney (born October 23, 1987) is an American professional basketball player for Zob Ahan Isfahan BC of the Iranian Basketball Super League. He played college basketball for Saint Francis University and won the NBL Canada Most Valuable Player Award in 2013 after leading the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL) in scoring with the Moncton Miracles.

Saint Francis Red Flash men's basketball
The Saint Francis Red Flash men's basketball team represents Saint Francis University (SFU) in Loretto, Pennsylvania, United States.  The school's team currently competes in the NCAA Division I Northeast Conference (NEC). They play their home games at DeGol Arena. The Red Flash have appeared in the NCAA tournament twice, most recently in 2025.

The 2025–26 season will be SFU's last in Division I. In March 2025, SFU announced it would start reclassification to NCAA Division III that July. After the 2025–26 season, SFU will join the D-III Presidents' Athletic Conference.
Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation
Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation is a 2007 epic film on the Namibian independence struggle against South African occupation as seen through the life of Sam Nujoma, the leader of the South West Africa People's Organisation and the first president of the Republic of Namibia. The film was written and directed by Charles Burnett and stars Carl Lumbly and Danny Glover. The Namibian government financed the production. Music composed by Stephen James Taylor won the award for Best African Film at the Kuala Lumpur International Film Festival.

The film also won for Best Music Score and Best Director.

The film's dialogue is in English, Afrikaans, Oshiwambo, Otjiherero, and German.

SWAPO
The South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO /ˈswɑːpoʊ/; Afrikaans: Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volks Organisasie, SWAVO; German: Südwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO), officially known as the SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia (formerly South West Africa). Founded in 1960, it has been the governing party in Namibia since the country achieved independence in 1990. The party continues to be dominated in number and influence by the Ovambo ethnic group.

SWAPO held a two-thirds majority in parliament from 1994 to 2019. In the general election held in November 2019, the party won 65.5% of the popular vote and 63 out of the 104 seats in the National Assembly. It also holds 28 out of the 42 seats in the National Council. From November 2017 until his death in February 2024, Namibian President Hage Geingob remained the president of SWAPO after being elected to the position at the party's electoral congress.
Pulaski riot
The Pulaski riot was a race riot that occurred in Pulaski, Tennessee, on January 7, 1868. While the riot appeared to be based in a trade dispute of the previous summer between Calvin Lamberth, a white man, and Calvin Carter, an African American, it was provoked when Lamberth shot a friend of Carter's over rumored comments about the former's black mistress.

After Lamberth shot Carter's friend, Whitlock Fields, numerous other armed whites came from nearby houses and attacked Carter and seven other black men at a nearby black-owned grocery store. Although the constable arranged a ceasefire, after the freedmen gathered at the door of the store, some eighteen whites rushed and shot at them at close range. They murdered one man, mortally wounded another, and injured four. No whites was injured or prosecuted. The incident was investigated by the Freedmen's Bureau office of Nashville, Tennessee.

Freedmen's Bureau
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, usually referred to as simply the Freedmen's Bureau, was a U.S. government agency of early post American Civil War Reconstruction, assisting freedmen (i.e., former enslaved people) in the South. It was established on March 3, 1865, and operated briefly as a federal agency after the War, from 1865 to November 1872, to direct provisions, clothing, and fuel for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children.