hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Felice Napoleone Canevaro
Felice Napoleone Canevaro (7 July 1838 – 30 December 1926) was an Italian admiral and politician and a senator of the Kingdom of Italy. He served as both Minister of the Navy and Minister of Foreign Affairs and was a recipient of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus. In his naval career, he was best known for his actions during the Italian Wars of Independence and later as commander of the International Squadron off Crete in 1897–1898.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Italy)
The minister of foreign affairs is the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Italy. The office was one of the positions which Italy inherited from the Kingdom of Sardinia where it was the most ancient ministry of the government: this origin gives to the office a ceremonial primacy in the Italian cabinet.

The current minister is Antonio Tajani, a member of Forza Italia, who is serving in the government of Giorgia Meloni since 22 October 2022.
Hugh Burns (musician)
Hugh Burns is a London-based Scottish guitarist and prolific recording artist. His guitar playing can be heard on many famous recordings, including Gerry Rafferty's "Baker Street" (1978) and "Careless Whisper" (1984) by George Michael/Wham!.

Burns has played on albums by:

Joan Armatrading

Teresa Brewer

Jack Bruce

Mutya Buena

Tony Coe

Randy Crawford

Doris Day

Anne Dudley

Albert Hammond

Roy Harper

Mick Karn

Ute Lemper

Paul McCartney

Alison Moyet

Oliver Nelson

Mike Oldfield

Elaine Paige

Pet Shop Boys

Gerry Rafferty

Scott Walker

Stealers Wheel

Wham!

Gerry Rafferty
Gerald Rafferty (16 April 1947 – 4 January 2011) was a Scottish singer-songwriter. He was a founding member of Stealers Wheel, whose biggest hit was "Stuck in the Middle with You" in 1973. His solo hits in the late 1970s included "Baker Street", "Right Down the Line" and "Night Owl".

Rafferty was born into a working-class family in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. His mother taught him both Irish and Scottish folk songs when he was a boy; later, he was influenced by the music of the Beatles and Bob Dylan. He joined the folk-pop group the Humblebums (of which Billy Connolly was a member) in 1969. After they disbanded in 1971, he recorded his first solo album, Can I Have My Money Back? Rafferty and Joe Egan formed the group Stealers Wheel in 1972. In 1978, he recorded his second solo album, City to City. A heavy drinker for much of his life, Rafferty died from liver failure in 2011.
Voiced retroflex plosive
A voiced retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ ɖ ⟩. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of a d, the letter that is used for the corresponding alveolar consonant. Many South Asian languages, such as Hindi and Urdu, have a two-way contrast between plain and murmured (breathy voice) [ ɖ ].

Retroflex consonant
A retroflex (/ˈrɛtrəflɛks, -roʊ-/ ⓘ) consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants—especially in Indology. Other terms are domal and cacuminal (/kəˈkjuːmɪnəl/ ⓘ), though in rare cases either word can mean palatal consonants more broadly.

The Latin-derived word retroflex means "bent back"; some retroflex consonants are pronounced with the tongue fully curled back so that articulation involves the underside of the tongue tip (subapical). These sounds are sometimes described as "true" retroflex consonants. However, retroflexes are commonly taken to include other consonants having a similar place of articulation without such extreme curling of the tongue; these may be articulated with the tongue tip (apical) or the tongue blade (laminal). When apical, they have been called apico-domal or apico-palatal consonants.
Mewstone
Mewstone is an unpopulated island, composed of muscovite granite, located close to the south coast of Tasmania, Australia. The 13.1-hectare (32-acre) island has steep cliffs and a small flat summit and is part of the Pedra Branca group, lying 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of Maatsuyker Island, and 22 kilometres (14 mi) off the south coast of Tasmania. Mewstone comprises part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site.

The highest point of the island is approximately 150 metres (490 ft) above sea level. Mewstone has abundant bird life and has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports over 1% of the world populations of shy albatrosses and fairy prions.

Pedra Branca (Tasmania)
Pedra Branca is a rock islet in the Southern Ocean, off the southern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is situated approximately 26 km (16 mi) south southeast of South East Cape and is contained within the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. An erosional remnant of the Tasmanian mainland, the island is approximately 270 m (890 ft) long, 100 m (330 ft) wide, with an elevation of 60 m (200 ft) above sea level. The island is estimated to have separated from the Tasmanian mainland at least 15,000 years ago.
Atom (order theory)
In the mathematical field of order theory, an element a of a partially ordered set with least element 0 is an atom if 0 < a and there is no x such that 0 < x < a.

Equivalently, one may define an atom to be an element that is minimal among the non-zero elements, or alternatively an element that covers the least element 0.

Covering relation
In mathematics, especially order theory, the covering relation of a partially ordered set is the binary relation which holds between comparable elements that are immediate neighbours. The covering relation is commonly used to graphically express the partial order by means of the Hasse diagram.
Uthralikavu Pooram
10°40′21″N 76°15′48″E﻿ / ﻿10.67251°N 76.263195°E﻿ / 10.67251; 76.263195

Uthralikkavu Pooram (ഉത്രാളിക്കാവ്) is a festival held at Shri Rudhiramahakalikav (ശ്രീ രുധിരമഹാകാളികാവ്) temple situated at Wadakkanchery in Thalappilly taluk of Thrissur district in Kerala, South India. The temple is famed for its Pooram festival held during February / March every year. It is considered as the second highest crowded pooram after Thrissur Pooram

Thrissur Pooram
The Thrissur Pooram is an annual Hindu temple festival held in Thrissur, Kerala, India. It is held at the Vadakkunnathan Temple in Thrissur every year on the Pooram day—the day when the moon rises with the Pooram star in the Malayalam Calendar month of Medam. It is the largest and most famous of all poorams in India. Thrissur pooram is also one of the largest festivals in Asia with more than 1 million visitors. The Thrissur Pooram Exhibition is conducted over a period of 40 to 50 days during the Thrissur Pooram.
Kosher restaurant
A kosher restaurant or kosher deli is an establishment that serves food that complies with Jewish dietary laws (kashrut). These businesses, which also include diners, cafés, pizzerias, fast food, and cafeterias, and are frequently in listings together with kosher bakeries, butchers, caterers, and other similar places, differ from kosher-style businesses in that they operate under rabbinical supervision, which requires the observance of the laws of kashrut, as well as certain other Jewish laws, including the separation of meat and dairy.

Such locations must be closed during Shabbat and Jewish holidays if under Jewish ownership. In most cases, a kosher establishment is limited to serving exclusively either dairy (milchig) or meat (fleishig) foods.

Some types of businesses, such as delicatessens, frequently serve both, kept in separate areas. Vegetarian (pareve) kosher restaurants serve only vegetarian fare.

Delicatessen
A delicatessen or deli is a grocery store that sells a selection of fine, exotic, or foreign prepared foods. Delicatessens originated in Germany (contemporary spelling: Delikatessen) during the 18th century and spread to Canada and the United States in the mid-19th century. European immigrants to Canada and the United States, especially Ashkenazi Jews, popularized the delicatessen in North American culture beginning in the late 19th century. Today, many large retail stores like supermarkets have deli sections.
Procainamide
Procainamide (PCA) is a medication of the antiarrhythmic class used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. It is a sodium channel blocker of cardiomyocytes; thus it is classified by the Vaughan Williams classification system as class Ia. In addition to blocking the INa current, it inhibits the IKr rectifier K+ current. Procainamide is also known to induce a voltage-dependent open channel block on the batrachotoxin (BTX)-activated sodium channels in cardiomyocytes.

Antiarrhythmic agent
Antiarrhythmic agents, also known as cardiac dysrhythmia medications, are a class of drugs that are used to suppress abnormal heart rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia.

Many attempts have been made to classify antiarrhythmic agents. Many of the antiarrhythmic agents have multiple modes of action, which makes any classification imprecise.
Wolstonian Stage
The Wolstonian Stage is a middle Pleistocene stage of the geological history of Earth from approximately 374,000 until 130,000 years ago. It precedes the Last Interglacial (also called the Eemian Stage) and follows the Hoxnian Stage in the British Isles.

It is also approximately analogous to the Warthe and Saalian stages in northern Europe; the Riss glaciation in the Alps; and the Illinoian Stage in North America. The colder last part from around 194,000 years ago is called the Penultimate Glacial Period.

It is equivalent to Marine isotope stages (MIS) 10 through 6. MIS 10, 8  and 6 were glacial periods and 9 and 7 were interglacials.

It is named after Wolston in the English county of Warwickshire.

Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.
Santi Kolk
Santiago Torti "Santi" Kolk (born 2 October 1981) is a Dutch former professional footballer. He currently works as a football agent. He mostly played as a forward during his career.

Kolk emerged as a talent from the ADO Den Haag academy in 1999, scoring in his senior debut. He signed with Heerenveen the following year, where he made his European debut, but soon saw himself loaned out to second-tier clubs. After a stint with Feyenoord, where he made no appearances, he returned to ADO where he experienced a breakout season, scoring 12 goals in 30 games which facilitated a move to Vitesse. Three successful seasons prompted him to join German 2. Bundesliga club Union Berlin. Injuries hindered him during his time there, and he retired as part of ADO in November 2013.

After his retirement, Kolk has worked as an agent for Juzzt Football, representing Denzel Dumfries among others.

Denzel Dumfries
Denzel Justus Morris Dumfries (born 18 April 1996) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a right-back or right wing-back for Serie A club Inter Milan and the Netherlands national team.

Dumfries began his senior career in 2014 at Sparta Rotterdam, helping them gain promotion to the Eredivisie in 2016 as the Eerste Divisie Talent of the Year. In 2017, he joined Heerenveen, before moving to PSV the following year, eventually becoming the club captain. In 2021, Dumfries joined Serie A side Inter Milan, winning the league title in his third season.

Born in the Netherlands to an Aruban father, Dumfries initially represented Aruba internationally in 2014, before switching allegiance to the Netherlands. He made his senior debut in 2018, and represented the Netherlands at UEFA Euro 2020, the 2022 FIFA World Cup and Euro 2024.
Ayrshire Cup
The Ayrshire Cup was an annual association football regional competition in Scotland. The cup competition was a knockout tournament between football clubs in the historic county of Ayrshire. The Ayrshire Cup was first held in 1877–78, the trophy being a solid silver vase, 30 inches high, and valued at £100, designed by Messrs John Cameron & Son.  The first winners were Mauchline.

The competition was most recently held in the 1997–98 season, when it was won by Kilmarnock. Although the Cup has not been competed for since, discussions have taken place between all the major participating clubs (Ayr United, Girvan and Kilmarnock) who have stated that they would welcome the return of the Ayrshire Cup.

Girvan F.C.
Girvan Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Girvan, South Ayrshire. Nicknamed the Seasiders, they were formed in 1947 and play at Hamilton Park. They currently compete in the West of Scotland League Third Division.
Oxtotitlán
Oxtotitlán is a natural rock shelter and archaeological site in Chilapa de Álvarez, Mexican state of Guerrero that contains murals linked to the Olmec motifs and iconography.  Along with the nearby Juxtlahuaca cave, the Oxtotitlán rock paintings represent the "earliest sophisticated painted art known in Mesoamerica", thus far. Unlike Juxtlahuaca, however, the Oxtotitlán paintings are not deep in a cave system but rather occupy two shallow grottos on a cliff face.

The paintings have been variously dated to perhaps 900 years BCE. It is not known what group or society painted them.  It is also not known how Olmec-influenced art came to be painted hundreds of kilometers (or miles) from the Olmec heartland, although caves are prominent on many Olmec-style monuments, including La Venta Altars 4 and 5.

La Venta
La Venta is a pre-Columbian archaeological site of the Olmec civilization located in the present-day Mexican state of Tabasco. Some of the artifacts have been moved to the museum Parque-Meseo La Venta, which is in nearby Villahermosa, the capital of Tabasco.
Port of Istanbul
The Port of Istanbul is a passenger terminal for cruise liners, which is situated in the Karaköy neighborhood of the Beyoğlu district in Istanbul, Turkey. It consists of two adjoining piers, the Galata Pier and the Salıpazarı Pier, extending from the Galata Bridge on the Golden Horn to Salıpazarı on the west coast of the Bosporus. It is owned and operated by the state-owned Turkish Maritime Organization (TDİ). The terminal is now integrated into the 400,000-square-metre (4,300,000 sq ft) Galataport mixed-use development which also includes 250 shops and restaurants, hotels, the Istanbul Modern art museum, and other cultural and entertainment facilities; and hosts festivals.

Galataport
Galataport is a 400,000-square-metre (4,300,000 sq ft) mixed-use development located along 1.2 km (0.75 mi) of shore in the Karaköy (formerly called Galata) neighbourhood of Istanbul, Turkey on the European shore of the Bosporus strait near its confluence with the Golden Horn right in the heart of the city. It includes the city's cruise ship terminal, around 250 shops and restaurants, a Peninsula hotel, the Istanbul Modern art museum, and other cultural and entertainment facilities; the complex also hosts festivals.
Gangster Disciples–Black Disciples conflict
The Gangster Disciples–Black Disciples conflict is an ongoing feud between the Gangster Disciples (GD) and the Black Disciples (BD), two African American street gangs in Chicago. Ignited in 1974 by the split of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation (BGDN) after the death of BD co-founder David "King David" Barksdale, the rivalry has raged over drug territories and personal grudges, primarily in Chicago's South Side neighborhoods like Englewood and Roseland. Hundreds have died, including drill rappers FBG Duck and King Von. The 2010s rise of drill music, with its raw lyrics and social media taunts, has amplified the conflict, turning gang disputes into public spectacles. Despite federal RICO crackdowns, the feud persists as of 2026.

Gangster Disciples
The Gangster Disciple Nation (often abbreviated as the GDs; formerly GDN, or simply Gangster Disciples), also known as Growth & Development, is an African-American street-gang and prison-gang founded by Larry Hoover (born 1950) in 1960. In 1968, he and his ex-rival David Barksdale (1947–1974), founder of the Black Disciples, came together to form the Black Gangster Disciple Nation (BGDN).

Post-1989, following growing tension between its component parts, the BGDN split into two new factions: Larry Hoover's Gangster Disciple Nation (GDN) and the Black Disciple Nation (BDN). As of 2022, following Hoover's departure, the GDN has no full-time gang leader.
Drill
A drill is a tool used for making round holes or driving fasteners. It is fitted with a drill bit for making holes, or a screwdriver bit for securing fasteners. Historically, they were powered by hand, and later mains power, but cordless battery-powered drills are proliferating due to increased efficiency and ease of use.

Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, construction, machine tool fabrication, and utility projects. Specially designed versions are made for surgery, dentistry, miniatures, and other applications.

Drill bit
A drill bit is a cutting tool used with a drill to remove material and create holes, typically with a circular cross-section. Drill bits are available in various sizes and shapes, designed to produce different types of holes in a wide range of materials. To function, drill bits are usually mounted in a drill, which provides the rotational force needed to cut into the workpiece. The drill will grasp the upper end of a bit called the shank in the chuck.

Drills come in standardized drill bit sizes. A comprehensive drill bit and tap size chart lists metric and imperial sized drills alongside the required screw tap sizes.  There are also certain specialized drill bits that can create holes with a non-circular cross-section.
Giry monad
In mathematics, the Giry monad is a construction that assigns to a measurable space a space of probability measures over it, equipped with a canonical sigma-algebra. It is one of the main examples of a probability monad.

It is implicitly used in probability theory whenever one considers probability measures which depend measurably on a parameter (giving rise to Markov kernels), or when one has probability measures over probability measures (such as in de Finetti's theorem).

Like many iterable constructions, it has the category-theoretic structure of a monad, on the category of measurable spaces.

Measurable space
In mathematics, a measurable space or Borel space is a basic object in measure theory. It consists of a set and a σ-algebra, which defines the subsets that will be measured.

It captures and generalises intuitive notions such as length, area, and volume with a set  of 'points' in the space, but regions of the space are the elements of the σ-algebra, since the intuitive measures are not usually defined for points. The algebra also captures the relationships that might be expected of regions: that a region can be defined as an intersection of other regions, a union of other regions, or the space with the exception of another region.
Louise Madison
Louise Madison (1911–1970) was an American tap dancer. Little about her life and career are known. She was born and raised in Philadelphia, and frequently praised by other tap dancers of her time, who described her tap style as "like a man". She often performed in nontraditional clothing for a female tap dancer at the time, such as low-heeled shoes and "white tails".

Madison performed at the Apollo Theater in New York City from 1933 to 1934 in the first run of the musical Blackbirds of 1933 and during the late 1940s alongside tap dancer LaVaughn Robinson; she also performed in the revival of Blackbirds of 1933 in London.

LaVaughn Robinson
LaVaughn Robinson (born LaVaughn Evett) (February 9, 1927 – January 22, 2008) was an American tap dancer, choreographer, and teacher.

A virtuoso tap dancer, Robinson perfected a high speed, low to the ground, a cappella style of dance that was characterized by elegance, precision, and clarity of sound. In a career spanning over 70 years, he started performing on the street, then in nightclubs, and finally in national and international tap festivals.  He was recognized by the National Endowment of the Arts as a "Living National Treasure", received a NEA National Heritage Fellowship in 1989, a lifetime honor, and a 1992 Pew Fellowship in the Arts.
Karl Schranz
Karl Schranz (born 18 November 1938) is a former champion alpine ski racer from Austria, one of the best of the 1960s and early 1970s.

Born and raised in St. Anton, Tyrol, Schranz had a lengthy ski racing career, from 1957 to 1972. He won twenty major downhills, many major giant slalom races and several major slaloms. Late in his career he was the successor to Jean-Claude Killy as the World Cup overall champion; Schranz won the title at age 30 in the third World Cup season of 1969, and repeated in 1970. He was also the downhill champion for those two seasons and was the giant slalom season champion in 1969.  Schranz won both the "classic downhills" four times each: the Hahnenkamm at Kitzbühel, Austria (1966, 1969, 1972, 1972), and the Lauberhorn at Wengen, Switzerland (1959, 1963, 1966, 1969). He also excelled at the legendary Arlberg-Kandahar events, winning nine times, from 1957 (Chamonix) to 1970 (Garmisch-Partenkirchen).

Jean-Claude Killy
Jean-Claude Killy (born 30 August 1943) is a French former World Cup alpine ski racer. He dominated the sport in the late 1960s, and was a triple Olympic champion, winning the three alpine events at the 1968 Winter Olympics, becoming the most successful athlete there. He also won the first two World Cup titles, in 1967 and 1968.
Censor bars
Censor bars, also known as black bars, are a basic form of text, photography, and video censorship in which "sensitive" information or images are occluded by black, gray, or white rectangular boxes. These bars have been used to censor various parts of images. Since the creation of digital editing software which can apply less obtrusive effects such as pixelization and blurring, censor bars are typically used for satire, although they remain in contemporary use to address privacy concerns. Censor bars are also used in art forms such as blackout poetry.

Censor bars may also have the words "censored", "redacted", "private information", "sensitive information", etc. to indicate their presence.

Sometimes, censor bars are replaced by images or fig leaves instead of just bars.

Fig leaf
In culture, a "fig leaf" is a literal or figurative method of obscuring an act or object considered embarrassing or distasteful with something of innocuous appearance. The use of an actual fig leaf for the purpose originates in Western painting and sculpture, where leaves would be used by artists themselves or by later censors in order to hide the genitalia of a subject. Use of the fig plant in particular came about as a Biblical reference to the Book of Genesis, in which Adam and Eve used fig leaves to cover their nudity after eating the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

A "fig-leaf edition" of a work is known as an expurgation or Bowdlerization.