hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pinnated bittern
The pinnated bittern (Botaurus pinnatus), also known as the South American bittern, is a large member of the heron family (Ardeidae) found in the New World tropics.  Like the other Botaurus bitterns, its plumage is mostly buffy-brown and cryptically patterned. Though it is a widespread species, it is rarely seen – presumably due to its skulking habits – and much about its life history remains little known.

Bittern
Bitterns are birds belonging to the subfamily Botaurinae of the heron family Ardeidae. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more secretive than other members of the family. They were called hæferblæte and various iterations of raredumla in Old English; the word "bittern" came to English from Old French butor, itself from Gallo-Roman butitaurus, a compound of Latin būtiō (buzzard) and taurus (bull).

Bitterns usually frequent reed beds and similar marshy areas and feed on amphibians, reptiles, insects, and fish.

Bitterns, like herons, egrets, and pelicans, fly with their necks retracted, unlike the cranes, storks, ibises, spoonbills, and geese which fly with necks extended and outstretched. The genus Ixobrychus was recently found to be paraphyletic with the Botaurus genus, and Ixobrychus was then merged into Botaurus.
Isabella Jones and Ira Junius Johnson
In the Canadian town of Oakville, Ontario, on 28 February 1930, 75 members of the Ku Klux Klan attempted to prevent the marriage of a white woman, Isabella Jones, to Ira Junius Johnson, a man presumed to be Black.

After burning a cross in the middle of a street in Oakville, the Klansmen searched for Johnson and Jones; they abducted Jones and threatened Johnson.  Newspapers were sympathetic to the Klan at first, but the efforts of the Black community in Toronto turned public opinion against them; Johnson told the press that he was not Black, but of mixed white and Cherokee descent.  Three Klansmen were brought to court.  At first, only one was found guilty and fined $50; when he appealed, the court gave him a three-month sentence.  Johnson and Jones married a month after the incident.

Ku Klux Klan in Canada
The Canadian branch of the Ku Klux Klan was an expansion of the second Ku Klux Klan established in the United States in 1915. It operated as a fraternity, with chapters established in parts of Canada throughout the 1920s and early 1930s. The first registered provincial chapter was registered in Toronto in 1925 by two Americans and a Canadian. The organization was most successful in Saskatchewan, where it briefly influenced political activity and where its membership included a member of Parliament, Walter Davy Cowan.
Multivariate map
A bivariate map or multivariate map is a type of thematic map that displays two or more variables on a single map by combining different sets of symbols. Each of the variables is represented using a standard thematic map technique, such as choropleth, cartogram, or proportional symbols. They may be the same type or different types, and they may be on separate layers of the map, or they may be combined into a single multivariate symbol.

The typical objective of a multivariate map is to visualize any statistical or geographic relationship between the variables. It has potential to reveal relationships between variables more effectively than a side-by-side comparison of the corresponding univariate maps, but also has the danger of Cognitive overload when the symbols and patterns are too complex to easily understand.: 331

Choropleth map
A choropleth map (from Ancient Greek  χῶρος (khôros) 'area, region' and  πλῆθος (plêthos) 'multitude') is a type of statistical thematic map that uses pseudocolor, meaning color corresponding with an aggregate summary of a geographic characteristic within spatial enumeration units, such as population density or per-capita income.

Choropleth maps provide an easy way to visualize how a variable varies across a geographic area or show the level of variability within a region. A heat map or isarithmic map is similar but uses regions drawn according to the pattern of the variable, rather than the a priori geographic areas of choropleth maps. The choropleth is likely the most common type of thematic map because published statistical data (from government or other sources) is generally aggregated into well-known geographic units, such as countries, states, provinces, and counties, and thus they are relatively easy to create using GIS, spreadsheets, or other software tools.
C. V. Wedgwood
Dame Cicely Veronica Wedgwood, OM, DBE, FBA, FRHistS (20 July 1910 – 9 March 1997) was an English historian who published under the name C. V. Wedgwood. Specializing in the history of 17th-century England and continental Europe, her biographies and narrative histories are said to have provided a clear, entertaining middle ground between popular and scholarly works.

Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (French: Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by Edward VII, admission into the order remains the personal gift of its Sovereign—currently Edward VII's great-great-grandson Charles III—and is restricted to a maximum of 24 living recipients from the Commonwealth realms, plus honorary members. While all members are awarded the right to use the post-nominal letters OM and wear the badge of the order, the Order of Merit's precedence among other honours differs between countries.
1952 Moses Lake C-124 crash
The 1952 Moses Lake C-124 crash was an accident in which a United States Air Force Douglas C-124 Globemaster II military transport aircraft crashed near Moses Lake, Washington on December 20, 1952. Of the 115 people on board, 87 died and 28 survived. The crash was the world's deadliest aviation disaster at the time, surpassing the Llandow air disaster, which killed 80 people. The death toll would not be surpassed until the Tachikawa air disaster, which also involved a Douglas C-124A-DL Globemaster II, killed 129 people. The crash remains the deadliest in Washington state history.

Tachikawa air disaster
The Tachikawa air disaster (Japanese: 立川基地グローブマスター機墜落事故, Hepburn: Tachikawa kichi Gurōbumasutā-ki tsuiraku jiko) occurred on the afternoon of Thursday, June 18, 1953, when a United States Air Force (USAF) Douglas C-124 Globemaster II aircraft crashed three minutes after takeoff from Tachikawa, Japan, killing all 129 people on board.  At the time, the crash was the deadliest in aviation history.
Flag of Connecticut
The flag of the U.S. state of Connecticut is a white baroque shield with three grapevines, each bearing three bunches of purple grapes on a field of royal blue. The banner below the shield reads "Qui Transtulit Sustinet," Latin for "He who transplanted sustains," Connecticut's state motto. The flag dimensions are 5.5 feet (1.7 m) in length and 4.33 feet (1.32 m) in width.

Seal of Connecticut
The Great Seal of the State of Connecticut has been the coat of arms of the U.S. state of Connecticut since May 1784. It depicts three grapevines and a ribbon below with the Latin motto: Qui Transtulit Sustinet (English:  He who transplanted sustains), with SIGILLUM REIPUBLICÆ CONNECTICUTENSIS (English: Seal of the State of Connecticut) in the border.
Gading Serpong
Gading Serpong is a planned township at Kelapa Dua and Pagedangan districts of Tangerang Regency, Banten, Indonesia, 21 km west of the capital city Jakarta. With a total area of 1,500 hectares, Gading Serpong is one of the elite planned satellite cities in Western Greater Jakarta (South Tangerang and Tangerang Regency), adjacent to Lippo Karawaci to the west, BSD City to the south, and Alam Sutera to the east.

Since the township is co-developed, Gading Serpong consists of two main area, Summarecon Serpong (for area developed by PT Summarecon Agung Tbk) and Paramount Serpong (for area developed by PT Paramount Enterprise International or Paramount Land). However, it is often still refereed as Gading Serpong or shortened to GS.

Alam Sutera
Alam Sutera is a mixed township at South Tangerang City and Tangerang City of Banten province in Indonesia. It is located south-west of capital Jakarta and within Jabodetabek metro area. The township has a land area of about 800 hectares. Most of the area are located in North Serpong, South Tangerang City, while some area, especially the CBD, are in Pinang sub-district, Tangerang City. It is generally suited for upper middle income household along with many other satellite cities in the province.
Duchesses (women's cricket)
Duchesses, previously known as M van der Merwe XI, are a South African women's cricket team that competed in the Women's T20 Super League. The team has no geographical base, and was instead made up of some of the best players from across South Africa. Their best T20 Super League finish came in the first edition of the tournament, 2019, when they were runners-up. For the 2022–23 Women's T20 Super League, they were replaced by a South Africa Under-19 team in the competition.

2019 Women's T20 Super League
The 2019 Women's T20 Super League was the inaugural Women's T20 Super League competition that took place in South Africa. It took place in September 2019, with 4 teams taking part made up of the best players in South Africa. Devnarain XI won the competition by topping the round-robin group.
Robert van 't Hoff
Robert van 't Hoff (November 5, 1887 – April 25, 1979), born Robbert van 't Hoff, was a Dutch architect and furniture designer. His Villa Henny, designed in 1914, was one of the earliest modernist houses and one of the first to be built out of reinforced concrete. From 1917 he was an influential member of the De Stijl movement.

Although he was born to a comfortable middle-class background, married a wealthy heiress, and for a while was able to subsidise the publication of the De Stijl journal, van 't Hoff was a member of the Communist Party of the Netherlands in the years following World War I. Following the failure of Pieter Jelles Troelstra's call for a socialist revolution in the Netherlands in 1919, van 't Hoff split from De Stijl's founder Theo van Doesburg and withdrew from artistic activity, declaring himself an "ex-architect" in 1922, and spending much of the rest of his life promoting experimental anarchist communities.

Theo van Doesburg
Theo van Doesburg (Dutch: [ˈteːjoː vɑn ˈduzbʏr(ə)x]; born Christian Emil Marie Küpper; 30 August 1883 – 7 March 1931) was a Dutch painter, writer, poet, and architect. He is best known as the founder and leader of De Stijl.
Martin Geertsen
Martin Raahauge Borreskov Geertsen (born 16 March 1970 in Sakskøbing) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Venstre political party. He entered parliament in 2018 after Søren Pind resigned his seat. He was previously a member of parliament between 2011 and 2015. He is a former mayor of the Culture Committee in Copenhagen and former political leader of the Venstre party in Copenhagen.

Søren Pind
Søren Pind (born 20 November 1969) is a Danish lawyer and former politician. He served as Danish Minister of Justice from 2015 to 2016, and as Minister of Science, Technology, Information and Higher Education from 2016 to May 2018, whereupon he retired from politics.

Pind was born in Herning. He served as councillor in the Copenhagen City Council from 1994 to 2005, and has taught at the University of Copenhagen.

Pind is considered more liberal than most other members of his party. In 2003, he was part of a group of party members who issued the "ten liberal theses", a document unsuccessfully challenging the direction the party was taking under Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen.
German submarine U-2361
German submarine U-2361 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 20 September 1944, and was laid down on 12 November 1944 at Deutsche Werft AG, Hamburg, as yard number 515. She was launched on 3 January 1945 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Heinz von Henning on 3 February 1945.

Type XXIII submarine
German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboote ("electric boats") to become operational. They were small coastal submarines designed to operate in the shallow waters of the North Sea, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, where larger Type XXI electric boats were at risk in World War II. They were so small they could carry only two torpedoes, which had to be loaded externally. As with their far larger sisters—the Type XXI—they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats, due to the improved streamlining of their shape, batteries with larger capacity and the snorkel, which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged. The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design. Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II, but most of these were either cancelled, scrapped incomplete, or only projected.
Academic grading in the United States
In the United States, academic grading commonly takes on the form of five, six or seven letter grades. Traditionally, the grades are A+, A, A−, B+, B, B−, C+, C, C−, D+, D, D− and F, with A+ being the highest and F being lowest. In some cases, grades can also be numerical. Numeric-to-letter-grade conversions generally vary from system to system and between disciplines and status.

Grading in education
Grading in education is the application of standardized measurements to evaluate different levels of student achievement in a course. Grades can be expressed as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), percentages, or as numbers out of a possible total (often out of 100). The exact system that is used varies worldwide.
Calixte Duguay
Calixte Duguay CM ONB (born July 15, 1939) is a multi-disciplinarian Canadian artist born in Ste-Marie-St-Raphaël, on Lamèque Island.

In 2009, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada "for the impact he has had on the Acadian and Canadian music scene as a writer, composer and singer".

In 2010 he was awarded the Lieutenant-Governor's Award for High Achievement in the Arts for his music. In 2012, he was made a member of the Order of New Brunswick.

Order of New Brunswick
The Order of New Brunswick is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Established by the Order of New Brunswick Act, which was granted royal assent on 20 December 2000, it is the highest honour conferred by the New Brunswick Crown. The order is intended to honour current or former New Brunswick residents who have demonstrated a high level of individual excellence and achievement. The lieutenant governor is Chancellor of the order and is responsible for inducting new members.
1 Bank of America Center
1 Bank of America Center is a 484-foot (148 m) tall office high-rise in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. It is the 9th-tallest building in North Carolina and was completed in 2010 with 32 stories. With 746,152 square feet (69,319.8 m2) of leasable space, it is the 10th largest office building in Charlotte. It shares a second-story atrium with the adjacent Ritz-Carlton Hotel and is connected to the Bank of America Corporate Center by two skybridges, as part of the Overstreet Mall.

Bank of America Corporate Center
The Bank of America Corporate Center is an 871 ft (265 m) skyscraper in Uptown Charlotte, North Carolina.  Designed by Argentine architect César Pelli and HKS Architects, and best known as the headquarters of the namesake Bank of America, it has been the tallest building in North Carolina since its 1992 construction, the 51st-tallest building in the United States, and the 174th-tallest building in the world.

Sometimes locally referred to as the "Taj McColl" after former Bank of America CEO Hugh McColl, who was responsible for the tower's construction, on a clear day the tower is visible to the naked eye from 35 miles (56 km) away.
Ducati 125 Scrambler
The Ducati 125 Scrambler is an on/off-road 124 cc (7.6 cu in) single cylinder bevel drive SOHC motorcycle produced by the Italian manufacturer Ducati in 1971 and 1972. Although Ducati had stopped production of the 'narrow case' singles in 1967, the Scrambler used a narrow case engine made by MotoTrans in Spain. The model was not a sales success with less than 200 sold worldwide and was soon taken out of production.

Ducati singles
The Ducati singles were single cylinder motorcycles, made by Ducati from 1950 to 1974. Chief Engineer Fabio Taglioni developed a desmodromic valve system in these years, a system that opens and closes the valves using the camshaft, without the need for valve springs. This valve system has become a trademark feature of Ducati motorcycles.

In 1926, the brothers Adriano and Marcello Ducati founded Societa Scientifica Radio Brevetti Ducati, a company in Bologna producing tubes, condensers and other radio components. On June 1, 1935, the cornerstone of a factory in Borgo Panigale was laid. By 1940, the company was engaged in the manufacture of electronic equipment for the military, making the factory a target for Allied bombing. The Ducati factory at Borgo Panigale was hit badly more than once, but maintained production.
Northumbria (modern)
Northumbria, in modern contexts, usually refers to the region of England between the Tees and Tweed, including the historic counties of Northumberland and Durham, but it is often taken to be a synonymous with North East England. The area corresponds to the Viking-age rump of the Kingdom of Northumbria to the north of the Tyne, alongside the Patrimony of St Cuthbert, which lay between the Tyne and Tees. It further corresponds to the Norman-era county of Northumberland, or Comitatus Northumbriae, which originally encompassed the entire area between the Tweed to the Tees. A provincial flag of Northumbria has been registered.

North East England
North East England, often referred to as simply the North East within England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and part of North Yorkshire. With 2.6 million residents in 2022, it is the least populous region of England. Its largest settlements include Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Gateshead, Darlington and Hartlepool. The North East is covered by two mayoral combined authorities: North East Combined Authority and Tees Valley Combined Authority. It is one of three regions, the other two being North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Patricia Marcia Crawford
Patricia Marcia Crawford FRHistS, FAHA, FASSA (31 January 1941 – 28 April 2009) was an Australian historian of women. She featured in a conference, London's Women Historians, held at the Institute of Historical Research in 2017.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
2019 PBA All-Star Weekend
The 2019 PBA All-Star Weekend was the annual all-star weekend of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA)'s 2019 season. The events were held at the Calasiao Sports Complex in Calasiao, Pangasinan. Highlighting the weekend will be the return of the North vs. South format of the All-Star game.

PBA All-Star Weekend
The Philippine Basketball Association All-Star Weekend is a series of events hosted by the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). Held in the middle of the PBA season, usually before or during the second conference, it consists of a variety of basketball events, exhibitions, and performances culminating in the All-Star Game held on Sunday night. No regular games are held during this period, which is also known as the All-Star break. Since 2017, the All-Star festivities were extended for a week, instead of starting it on a Friday.
Indic computing
Indic Computing means "computing in Indic", i.e., Indian Scripts and Languages. It involves developing software in Indic Scripts/languages, Input methods, Localization of computer applications, web development, Database Management, Spell checkers, Speech to Text and Text to Speech applications and OCR in Indian languages.

Unicode standard version 15.0 specifies codes for 9 Indic scripts in Chapter 12 titled "South and Central Asia-I, Official Scripts of India". The 9 scripts are Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil and Telugu.

A lot of Indic Computing projects are going on. They involve some government sector companies, some volunteer groups and individual people.

Input method
An input method (or input method editor, commonly abbreviated IME) is an operating system component or program that enables users to generate characters not natively available on their input devices by using sequences of characters (or mouse operations) that are available to them. Using an input method is usually necessary for languages that have more graphemes than there are keys on the keyboard.

For instance, on the computer, this allows the user of Latin keyboards to input Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Indic characters. On hand-held devices, it enables the user to type on the numeric keypad to enter Latin alphabet characters (or any other alphabet characters) or touch a screen display to input text. On some operating systems, an input method is also used to define the behavior of the dead keys.
Masturi Assembly constituency
Masturi is one of the 90 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh state in India. It is in Bilaspur district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes. It is also part of Bilaspur Lok Sabha constituency.

Previously, Masturi was part of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly until the state of Chhattisgarh was created in 2000.

Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh
Bilaspur district is a district of the Chhattisgarh state of India. Bilaspur city is the headquarters of the district. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Chhattisgarh (out of 27), after Raipur.
College of Medicine, University of Lagos
College of Medicine, University of Lagos (CMUL) also known as Medilag is the medical school affiliated with the University of Lagos in Nigeria. It is located in Idi-Araba, Lagos beside its sister institution, the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. The college has a total staff of 1,850 in 32 departments.

University of Lagos
The University of Lagos (UNILAG) is a public research university located in Lagos, Nigeria, which was founded in 1962. UNILAG is one of the first generation universities in Nigeria and is ranked among the top universities in Africa in major education publications. The university presently has three campuses in the mainland of Lagos. Whereas two of its campuses are located at Yaba (the main campus in Akoka and the recently created campus at the former school of radiography), its college of medicine is located at Idi-Araba, Surulere. Its main campus is largely surrounded by the Lagos Lagoon and has 802 acres of land. As of 2024, the University of Lagos admits around 8,500 undergraduate students annually and enrolls over 57,000 students.