hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hahn series
In mathematics, Hahn series (sometimes also known as Hahn–Mal'cev–Neumann series) are a type of formal infinite series. They are a generalization of Puiseux series (themselves a generalization of formal power series) and were first introduced by Hans Hahn in 1907 (and then further generalized by Anatoly Maltsev and Bernhard Neumann to a non-commutative setting). They allow for arbitrary exponents of the indeterminate so long as the set supporting them forms a well-ordered subset of the value group (typically  or ). Hahn series were first introduced, as groups, in the course of the proof of the Hahn embedding theorem and then studied by him in relation to Hilbert's second problem.

Hans Hahn (mathematician)
Hans Hahn (/hɑːn/; German: [haːn]; 27 September 1879 – 24 July 1934) was an Austrian mathematician and philosopher who made contributions to functional analysis, topology, set theory, the calculus of variations, real analysis, and order theory. In philosophy he was among the main logical positivists of the Vienna Circle.
Antoine Meatchi
Antoine Idrissou Meatchi (15 September 1915 – 26 March 1984) was a Togolese politician. He was Vice President of Togo under Nicolas Grunitzky following the 1963 coup which overthrew Sylvanus Olympio. Additionally he served as minister of finance from 1963 to 1966. He was deposed in January 1967 in the coup organized by Étienne Eyadéma.

Vice President of Togo
Vice President of Togo (French: Vice-président de la République togolaise) is a former political position in Togo.

The Constitution of Togo of May 1963 established an executive branch of a President of Togo and a vice president. The National Assembly was left with weak powers. The Vice President was elected with universal suffrage. A constitutional amendment in December 1966 abolished the vice presidency.
The Generation Essentials Group
The Generation Essentials Group is a French media and entertainment company. It is the parent company of the fashion magazines L'Officiel, L'Officiel Hommes, and London/New York City based The Art Newspaper. The group also owns hospitality companies, alongside producing and investing films in a partnership with Alibaba Pictures.

The Art Newspaper
The Art Newspaper is a monthly print publication, with daily updates online, founded in 1990 and based in London and New York City. It covers news of the visual arts as they are affected by international politics and economics, developments in law, tax, the art market, the environment, and official cultural policy.
Mount St Mary's College, Spinkhill
Mount St Mary's College was a private, co-educational, day and boarding school situated at Spinkhill, Derbyshire, England. It was founded in 1842 by the Society of Jesus (better known as the Jesuits), and has buildings designed by notable architects such as Joseph Hansom, Henry Clutter and Adrian Gilbert Scott. The school was a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the Catholic Independent Schools Conference.

Its affiliated preparatory school was Barlborough Hall School, which is 2.2 miles away by road. In 2025, both the college and school closed after 183 years.

Joseph Hansom
Joseph Aloysius Hansom (26 October 1803 – 29 June 1882) was an English architect working principally in the Gothic Revival style.  He invented the Hansom cab and founded the eminent architectural journal The Builder in 1843.
Ch. Surender Singh Memorial Herbal Park, Kairu
Ch. Surender Singh Memorial Herbal Park, Kairu is a herbal and medicinal plant park in Kairu village between the cities of Bahal and Bhiwani in the Tosham tehsil of the Indian state of Haryana.
It is also the location of a Chinkara Breeding Centre run by the Forests Department of the state government.

Kairu
Kairu is a block located in district Bhiwani, Haryana. Positioned in rural area of Bhiwani district of Haryana. The people are from different castes and communities. Agriculture is the main profession of residents of Kairu block. Kairu block is still waiting for Mega Industrial development. Located between the cities of Bahal and Bhiwani, it is the home of maharana pratap Memorial Herbal Park, Kairu and Chinkara Breeding Centre Kairu, Bhiwani run by Forests Department, Haryana of Government of Haryana.
Jon Rudkin
Jonathan Rudkin (born 13 January 1968) was an English association football academy coach until 2014. Since 14 December 2014, he has been the Director of Football at Leicester City. Since 12 June 2017, he is a board member at Oud-Heverlee Leuven. Both clubs are owned by the King Power International Group.

King Power
The King Power International Group (Thai: กลุ่มบริษัท คิง เพาเวอร์ อินเตอร์เนชันแนล) is a Thai travel retail group, based in Bangkok. The chairman and CEO was Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha until his death in October 2018. He was succeeded as chairman by his son, Aiyawatt Srivaddhanaprabha.

King Power's cash cow is the proprietary concession of Thailand's duty-free business." The company is the largest duty-free retailer in Thailand. Its duty free shopping mall in Bangkok's central business district covers over 12,000 square metres (130,000 sq ft) and it has branches at Suvarnabhumi Airport and Thailand's other major airports. In 2015, King Power launched  an online site selling duty-free and duty-paid items.
Little Spangle Lake
Little Spangle Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lake located at the intersection of Sawtooth National Forest trails 460, 462, and 463 just downstream of Spangle Lake.

Spangle Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries.

Sawtooth Range (Idaho)
The Sawtooth Range is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains in central Idaho, United States, reaching a maximum elevation of 10,751 feet (3,277 m) at the summit of Thompson Peak. It encompasses an area of 678 square miles (1,756 km2) spanning parts of Custer, Boise, Blaine, and Elmore counties, and is bordered to the east by the Sawtooth Valley. Much of the mountain range is within the Sawtooth Wilderness, part of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area and Sawtooth National Forest.

The mountains were named for their jagged peaks.
Kiril Lazarov
Kiril "Kire" Lazarov (Macedonian: Кирил „Кире“ Лазаров, born 10 May 1980) is a Macedonian former professional handball player and current coach of the North Macedonia national handball team and RK Alkaloid. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time and won over forty titles playing for clubs in North Macedonia, Croatia, Hungary, and Spain.

Lazarov holds the record for most goals scored in a single World Men's Handball Championship (92). He is also the all-time top scorer in the EHF Champions League and the only player to have scored more than 1,400 goals. He is third on the all-time list of players by number of international goals scored and has the highest ratio of goals scored per match.

EHF Champions League
The EHF Champions League is the most important club handball competition for men's teams in Europe and involves the leading teams from the top European nations. The competition is organised every year by EHF. The official name for the men's competition is the EHF Champions League Men.

The EHF coefficient rank decides which teams have access and in which stage they enter.
Kaleva (airplane)
Kaleva was a civilian Junkers Ju 52 passenger airplane belonging to the Finnish carrier Aero O/Y. On June 14, 1940, as Flight 1631 from Tallinn in Estonia to Helsinki in Finland, it was shot down over the Gulf of Finland by two combat aircraft of Soviet Naval Aviation and downed near the Estonian island of Keri, killing all nine on board. The incident occurred during the Interim Peace between the Soviet Union and Finland, and at the outset of the Soviet occupation of Estonia.

The airplane's wreck was found on June 5, 2024, by Estonian unmanned underwater vehicles near the Keri lighthouse in Estonian territorial waters. The wreck is located at a depth of 71 to 76 metres (233 to 249 ft).

Unmanned underwater vehicle
Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV), also known as underwater drones, or unmanned submarines, are submersible vehicles that can operate underwater without a human occupant, either remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROUVs) or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).
Maria Cristina Ferro
Maria Cristina Ferro de Carrasquilla (1947–2015)  was a Colombian microbiologist and Leishmaniasis researcher who worked for more than forty years at the National Health Institute of Colombia. Most of her research was focused on sandflies (Phlebotominae subfamily), which are Leishmaniasis vectors, contributing with the description of three new species: Lutzomyia torvida, Lutzomyia falcata, and Lutzomyia tolimensis. Given her research contributions, a sandfly species was named after her: Lutzomyia ferroae (Young & Morales 1987). Ferro also worked with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and received the Emeritus Researcher award from the National Health Institute of Colombia in 2007.

Phlebotominae
The Phlebotominae are a subfamily of the family Psychodidae. In several countries, their common name is sandfly, but that name is also applied to other flies. The Phlebotominae include many genera of blood-feeding (hematophagous) flies, including the primary vectors of leishmaniasis, bartonellosis, and pappataci fever.

Sandflies are small; a body size of about 3 mm in length is typical for many species, which aids them in escaping notice. Their bite is not always felt, but leaves a small, round, reddish bump that starts itching hours or days later.  Use of insect repellent is recommended in areas where sandflies are present.
Baseri Assembly constituency
Baseri Assembly constituency is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India. It comprises Baseri tehsil and parts of Bari tehsil, both in Dholpur district, and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes. As of 2023, it is represented by Sanjay Kumar Jatav of the Indian National Congress party.

Dholpur district
Dholpur district is a district of eastern Rajasthan state in Northern India. The town of Dholpur is the district headquarters. Dholpur District is a part of Bharatpur Divisional Commissionerate. It was carved out from the erstwhile Bharatpur District on 15 April 1982.

Dholpur District has an area of 3084 km2. The Chambal River forms the southern boundary of the district, across which lies the state of Madhya Pradesh. The district is bounded by the state of Uttar Pradesh on the east and northeast, by Bharatpur District of Rajasthan on the northwest, and Karauli District of Rajasthan on the west. All along the bank of the Chambal River the district is deeply intersected by ravines; low ranges of hills in the western portion of the district supply quarries of fine-grained and easily worked red sandstone.
Homeric Minimum
The Homeric Minimum is a grand solar minimum that started about ca. 800 BC and lasted around 200 years. It appears to coincide with, and have been the cause of, a phase of climate change at that time, which involved a wetter Western  Europe and drier eastern Europe. This had far-reaching effects on human civilization, some of which may be recorded in Greek mythology and the Old Testament.

Solar minimum
Solar minimum is the regular period of least solar activity in the Sun's 11-year solar cycle. During solar minimum, sunspot and solar flare activity diminishes, and often does not occur for days at a time. On average, the solar cycle takes about 11 years to go from one solar minimum to the next, with duration observed varying from 9 to 14 years. The date of the minimum is described by a smoothed average over 12 months of sunspot activity, so identifying the date of the solar minimum usually can only happen 6 months after the minimum takes place.

Solar minimum is contrasted with the solar maximum, when hundreds of sunspots may occur.
Amélie of Leuchtenberg
Amélie of Leuchtenberg (Portuguese: Amélia Augusta Eugénia Napoleona de Beauharnais; French: Amélie Auguste Eugénie Napoléonne de Beauharnais; 31 July 1812 – 26 January 1873) was Empress of Brazil as the wife of Pedro I of Brazil.

She was the granddaughter of Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of the French. Her father, Eugène de Beauharnais, was the only son of Empress Josephine and her first husband Alexandre, Viscount of Beauharnais. He thus became a stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte when his mother married the future emperor. The mother of Empress Amélie was Princess Augusta, daughter of Maximilian I, King of Bavaria.

Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
Maximilian I Joseph (German: Maximilian I. Josef; 27 May 1756 – 13 October 1825) was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1795 to 1799, prince-elector of Bavaria (as Maximilian IV Joseph) from 1799 to 1806, then King of Bavaria (as Maximilian I Joseph) from 1806 to 1825. He was a member of the House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach.
Anne Kirkbride
Anne Kirkbride (21 June 1954 – 19 January 2015) was an English actress,  best known for her long-running role as Deirdre Barlow in the ITV soap Coronation Street, which she played for 42 years from 1972 to 2014. For this role, she posthumously received the Outstanding Achievement Award at the 2015 British Soap Awards.

British Soap Award for Outstanding Achievement
The British Soap Award for Outstanding Achievement is an award presented annually by  The British Soap Awards, formerly known as the Lifetime Achievement award until 2013. The winner is decided by a panel and celebrates the soap career and achievements of each recipient. Coronation Street is the most awarded soaps in the category, holding nine wins. Brookside, Hollyoaks and Emmerdale have also won once. It is currently held by Coronation Street actor David Neilson, who portrays Roy Cropper in the soap.
Fabula palliata
Fabula palliata is a genre of Roman drama that consists largely of Romanized versions of Greek plays. The name palliata comes from pallium, the Latin word for a Greek-style cloak (himation). It is possible that the term fabula palliata indicates that the actors who performed wore such cloaks. Another possibility is that the fabula itself is metaphorically "cloaked" in a Greek style. As in all Roman drama, the actors wore masks that easily identified which of the stock characters they represented.

Theatre of ancient Greece
A theatrical culture flourished in ancient Greece from 700 BC. At its centre was the city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and religious place during this period, and the theatre was institutionalised there as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honoured the god Dionysus. Tragedy (late 500 BC), comedy (490 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres emerged there. Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies. Modern Western theatre comes, in large measure, from the theatre of ancient Greece, from which it borrows technical terminology, classification into genres, and many of its themes, stock characters, and plot elements.
Pietro Paolo Virdis
Antonio Pietro Paolo Virdis (born 26 June 1957) is an Italian football manager and former player, who played as a forward. Throughout his career, he played for Nuorese, before playing in Serie A with Cagliari Calcio, Juventus, Udinese Calcio, and AC Milan; he ended his career with Lecce. Known for his eye for goal, with Juventus, he won two league titles and a Coppa Italia; with Milan, he was the league's top scorer in 1987, also winning a league title and the Supercoppa Italiana in 1988, and was part of the club's European Cup victory in 1989. At international level, he represented Italy at the 1988 Summer Olympics, helping the team to a fourth-place finish.

Udinese Calcio
Udinese Calcio (Italian pronunciation: [udiˈneːze ˈkaltʃo, -eːse -]; "Udinese Football") is a professional football club based in Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. The team currently competes in the Serie A, the first tier of Italian football. It was founded on 30 November 1896 as a sports club, and on 5 July 1911 as a football club.

The traditional team home kit is black and white striped shirt, black shorts, and white socks. The club broadcasts on channel 110 (Udinese Channel) on digital terrestrial television in the north-east of Italy. It has many fans in Friuli and the surrounding areas.
Singdam Kiatmuu9
Uthid Kodprakhon (Thai: อุทิศ โกรธประโคน; born January 1, 1984), known professionally as Singdam Kiatmuu9 (Thai: สิงห์ดำ เกียรติหมู่9), is a Thai former professional Muay Thai fighter and kickboxer. He is former four-time Lumpinee Stadium champion across three divisions, as well as the 2002 Sports Writers Association of Thailand Fighter of the Year, who was famous in the 2000s and 2010s. Nicknamed "Fierce Tiger of Khmer", he was especially known for his powerful right kicks and is now often regarded amongst the greatest fighters in the history of Muay Thai.

Fighter of the Year (Muay Thai)
There are three major "Fighter of the Year" awards presented yearly. The Sports Writers Association of Thailand announces the winner in March or April, the Sports Authority of Thailand decides the winner at the end of December, and the Siam Kela award was given in March annually before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nicholas Biddle (naval officer)
Captain Nicholas Biddle (September 10, 1750 – March 7, 1778) was a Continental Navy officer who served in the American Revolutionary War. Born in Philadelphia, Biddle began his career at sea in 1763 and joined the Royal Navy at the age of 20. In 1773, he participated in an exploratory voyage to the Arctic with Constantine Phipps and Horatio Nelson. After the Revolutionary War broke out in 1775, Biddle joined the Continental Navy as one of its first five captains, commanding both the USS Andrew Doria and USS Randolph. In 1778, Randolph confronted HMS Yarmouth in the Battle off Barbados. After a twenty-minute battle, Biddle's ship Randolph suddenly exploded, killing him and most of his men. Four ships of the United States Navy have been named in his honor.

Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave
Captain Constantine John Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave, PC, FRS (30 May 1744 – 10 October 1792) was a Royal Navy officer, explorer and politician. He served during the Seven Years' War and the American War of Independence, seeing action in a number of battles and engagements. Inheriting a title, he also went on to have a successful career in Parliament and occupied a number of political offices during his later years.
Bolton-by-Bowland
Bolton-by-Bowland is a village and civil parish in the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire, England.  Before 1974, the village was part of Bowland Rural District in the West Riding of Yorkshire. According to the census of 2001, the parish had a population of just 498, rising marginally to 499 at the census of 2011.

Bowland Rural District
53°54′47″N 2°29′24″W﻿ / ﻿53.913°N 2.490°W﻿ / 53.913; -2.490

Bowland was a rural district in the West Riding of Yorkshire from 1894 to 1974.  It was named after the Forest of Bowland, which it included.

It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from that part of the Clitheroe rural sanitary district which was in Yorkshire (the rest becoming the Clitheroe Rural District in Lancashire).

The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972.  It was united with the Clitheroe Rural District (and some other territory), as part of the Ribble Valley district in the non-metropolitan county of Lancashire.
Landeros v. Flood
Landeros v. Flood was a 1976 court case in the state of California involving child abuse and alleged medical malpractice.

In 1971, Gita Landeros, a minor, was seen in the emergency room by Dr. A. J. Flood for injuries inflicted by her mother and the mother's common law husband. Dr. Flood failed to diagnose "battered child syndrome" and also did not report the injuries to proper civil authorities in violation of California law. The child was released to the custody of her mother and the mother's common law husband, where she experienced further injury at their hands. The parents fled the state, but were apprehended and convicted of criminal child abuse. Gita Landeros brought a civil suit in tort for damages against Dr. Flood. The trial court dismissed her case as a matter of law. The case was appealed and decided in 1976 by the California Supreme Court.

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.
Veisinia Mahutariki-Fakalelu
Veisinia Mahutariki-Fakalelu (born 24 November 2004) is a New Zealand rugby union player. She plays at Prop for New Zealand internationally. She also plays for Chiefs Manawa in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition and provincially for Waikato.

New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.
Sack of Baltimore
The sack of Baltimore took place on 20 June 1631, when the village of Baltimore in West Cork, Ireland, was attacked by pirates from the Barbary Coast of North Africa – the raiders included Dutchmen, Moroccans, Algerians and Ottoman Turks. The attack was the largest by Barbary slave traders on Ireland.

The attack was led by a Dutch captain from Haarlem, Murad Reis the Younger, who had been enslaved by the Barbary pirates and set free following his conversion to Islam. Murad's force of the regency of Algiers was led to the village by an Irish Catholic fisherman of Old English descent named John Hackett – the captain of a fishing boat that had been captured shortly before the raid – purportedly in exchange for his release, although dark conspiracy theories regarding Hackett, Sir Walter Coppinger, and Murad persist. Hackett was subsequently hanged from the cliff-top outside the village for conspiracy.

Conversion to Islam
Conversion to Islam, also known within Islam as reversion, is adopting Islam as a religion or faith. Conversion requires a formal statement of the shahādah, the credo of Islam, whereby the prospective convert must state that "there is none worthy of worship in truth except Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah". Proselytism of the faith is referred to as "dawah", and missionary efforts have been promoted since the dawn of the religion in the 7th century.