hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1923 college football season
The 1923 college football season saw several teams finish their seasons unbeaten and untied. As such, numerous schools claim a national championship for the 1923 season. Illinois (coached by Bob Zuppke) and Michigan (coached by Fielding "Hurry-Up" Yost), both members of what is now the Big Ten Conference, finished with records of 8–0 and were selected as national champion by multiple selectors. Illinois featured break-out star Red Grange. Ivy League teams Yale and Cornell also had undefeated seasons. Cornell was selected as national champion by one selector.

Southern Methodist University (SMU) had a record of 9–0, thanks to coach Ray Morrison bringing the forward pass to the southwest.  Teams that had no defeats, but had been tied, were California (9–0–1), Texas (8–0–1), and Kansas (5–0–3).

In the 1924 Rose Bowl, Washington tied Navy 14–14.

1923 Texas Longhorns football team
The 1923 Texas Longhorns football team was an American football team that represented the University of Texas (now known as the University of Texas at Austin) as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1923 college football season. In their first year under head coach E. J. Stewart, the Longhorns compiled an overall record of 8–0–1 and a mark of 2–0–1 in conference play, and finished second in the SWC. Texas shutout seven of nine opponents and outscored all opponents by a collective total of 241 to 21

Texas upset a powerful Vanderbilt squad 16 to 0 at the State Fair. The highlight of the game was a run by Oscar Eckhardt, running over multiple Vanderbilt tacklers and regaining his balance with a hand on the ground at the 8-yard line.
G.N.O. Aris Nikaias
Aris Nikaias (full name Gymnastikos Athlitikos Omilos Aris Nikaias/ G.N.O. Aris Nikaias Greek: Γυμναστικός Αθλητικός Όμιλος Άρης Νικαιάς/Γ.Ν.Ο. Άρης Νικαίας) is a Greek multi-sport club based in Nikaia, Piraeus. The club was founded in 1973, when members of the club were detached from the nearby Ionikos. The club has divisions for many different sports. It has won four straight women's handball championships. Its logo is a star, and its colors are yellow and blue.

Ionikos Nikaias
Ionikos Nikaias (full name Athlitikos Omilos Ionikos Nikaias, A.O. Ionikos Nikaias / Greek: Α.Ο. Ιωνικός Νικαίας) is a Greek multi-sports club that is based in the suburban town of Nikaia within the Piraeus agglomeration. It was founded in 1965, and it has teams in football, basketball, and water polo. The club's name derives from Ionia, the birthplace of many residents of Nikaia, which came to Nikaia as refugees after the Asia Minor Disaster. The club's colours are blue and white.
2009 Minnesota Vikings season
The 2009 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 49th in the National Football League (NFL) and their fourth under head coach Brad Childress. The Vikings improved upon their 10–6 record and defended their NFC North title from 2008, their first successful defense of a divisional title since they won six NFC Central titles in a row between 1973 and 1978. They beat the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Divisional Playoff at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, but lost the NFC Championship Game 31–28 in overtime to the eventual Super Bowl champion New Orleans Saints, missing out on what would have been their first Super Bowl since Super Bowl XI in 1976. This year's NFC Championship Game is also dubbed by Roger Goodell as the "Bountygate Game" which resulted in several players and coaching staff (including head coach Sean Payton) receiving 12-month suspensions three years later. The Vikings had 10 Pro Bowlers and four All-Pros on their roster, both league-highs for the season.

Kenny Albert
Kenneth Gary Albert (born February 2, 1968) is an American sportscaster, the son of NBA sportscaster Marv Albert and nephew of sportscasters Al Albert and Steve Albert. He is the only sportscaster who currently does play-by-play for all four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada (NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL).
Mel Bridgman
Melvin John Bridgman (April 28, 1955 – November 6, 2025) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League NHL) for five teams from 1975–76 until 1988–89. He participated in two Stanley Cup Finals with the Philadelphia Flyers (1976, 1980) and was the team captain for both the Flyers and the New Jersey Devils during his career. He later would become a player agent and front office executive, serving as the first general manager of the contemporary Ottawa Senators franchise.

Bridgman was born in Trenton, Ontario, but grew up in Thunder Bay, Ontario, before moving to Victoria, British Columbia.

1988–89 NHL season
The 1988–89 NHL season was the 72nd season of the National Hockey League. The Calgary Flames won an all-Canadian Stanley Cup Finals against the Montreal Canadiens four games to two. This remains the last time two Canadian teams faced each other for the Stanley Cup.
2015–16 AHL season
The 2015–16 AHL season was the 80th season of the American Hockey League. The regular season began on October 9, 2015, and ended on April 17, 2016. The 2016 Calder Cup playoffs follow the conclusion of the regular season. An attendance record was set with a league average of 5,982 spectators per game, surpassing the record set in 2004–05.

Robbie Russo
Robbie Victor Russo (born February 15, 1993) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman for the Tucson Roadrunners of the American Hockey League (AHL). Russo was selected in the fourth round (95th overall) by the New York Islanders in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft.
1993–94 Boston Bruins season
The 1993–94 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 70th season. The season involved Cam Neely scoring 50 goals in 44 games, however, the Bruins had already played 66 games; making this an unofficial record.

The Bruins reached the second round in the Stanley Cup playoffs, beating the Montreal Canadiens before losing to the New Jersey Devils.

Cam Neely
Cameron Michael Neely (born June 6, 1965) is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player. He played right wing for the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1983 to 1996. Neely was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2005. He has been the president of the Bruins since 2010, and won the Stanley Cup in 2011.
1981 Major League Baseball season
The 1981 Major League Baseball season culminated with the Los Angeles Dodgers defeating the New York Yankees in the World Series, capturing the franchise's fifth World Series title. The season had a players' strike, which lasted from June 12 to July 31, and split the season into two halves. Teams that won their division in each half of the season advanced to the playoffs. This was the first split season in American League history, and second for the National League, which had played a split season in 1892.

The All-Star Game was originally scheduled for July 14, but was postponed due to the strike. It was ultimately played on August 9, as a prelude to the second half of the season, which began the following day.

Split season
A split season is a schedule format implemented in a variety of sports leagues. The season is divided into two parts, with the winners of both halves playing each other at the end for the overall championship.

Split seasons are usually found in sports with longer seasons, such as baseball, basketball, and association football. They are common in scholastic sports, specifically basketball, in the United States. A number of Minor League Baseball leagues also use split seasons. In Latin America, some association football leagues use a similar format known as Apertura and Clausura.
Nicholas Porter Earp
Nicholas Porter Earp (September 6, 1813 – February 12, 1907) was the father of well-known Western lawmen Virgil, Wyatt, and Morgan, and their lesser-known brothers James, Newton and Warren Earp. He was a justice of the peace, a farmer, cooper, constable, bootlegger, wagon-master, and teacher.

Warren Earp
Warren Baxter Earp (March 9, 1855 – July 6, 1900) was an American frontiersman and lawman. He was the youngest of Earp brothers, Wyatt, Morgan, Virgil, James, and Newton Earp. Although he was not present during the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, after Virgil was maimed in an ambush, Warren joined Wyatt and was in town when Morgan was assassinated. He also helped Wyatt in the hunt for the outlaws they believed responsible. Later in life, Warren developed a reputation as a bully and was killed in an argument in 1900.
2017 South Alabama Jaguars football team
The 2017 South Alabama Jaguars football team represented the University of South Alabama in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Jaguars played their home games at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, and competed in the Sun Belt Conference. They were led by ninth-year head coach Joey Jones. They finished the season 4–8, 3–5 in Sun Belt play to finish in a tie for eighth place.

On November 20 following a 52–0 loss to previously winless Georgia Southern, head coach Joey Jones, the only head coach in South Alabama football history, announced his resignation. He stayed on to coach the final game of the season and finished at South Alabama with a nine-year record of 52–50. On December 7, the school hired Steve Campbell as head coach.

2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 2017. The regular season began on August 26, 2017, and ended on December 9, 2017.

The postseason concluded on January 8, 2018 with the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship in Atlanta, the fourth iteration of the College Football Playoff championship system. In the national championship game, Alabama defeated Georgia in overtime, 26–23.

The UCF Knights also claim a national championship for this season after finishing first in the Colley Matrix poll, and are listed as "Final National Poll Leaders" in the NCAA's official record book. UCF finished the season as the only undefeated team in NCAA Division I FBS and defeated the Auburn Tigers in the Peach Bowl. Auburn had defeated College Football Playoff national champion Alabama and runner-up Georgia during the season.
Ruti, Mbarara
Ruti is a ward of Nyamitanga Division in Mbarara City (Western Region of Uganda). Its one of the busiest suburbs in Mbarara.

Next to Ruti is the famous secondary school called Nyakayojo Secondary School. Ruti is known for acting as the place where long distance trucks heading to Rwanda and Burundi park.
The area records high HIV status levels in Uganda.

Ruti forms part of the urban area elevated from municipal status to city status on 1 July 2020.

Mbarara
Mbarara City is a city in the Western Region of Uganda and the second largest city in Uganda after Kampala. The city is divided into 6 boroughs of Kakoba Division, Kamukuzi Division, Nyamitanga Division, Biharwe Division, Kakiika Division, Nyakayojo Division. It is the main commercial centre of most of south western districts of Uganda and the site of the district headquarters. In May 2019, the Uganda's cabinet granted Mbarara a city status, which started on 1 July 2020. The name of the municipality came from a colonial mispronunciation of Emburara (Hyperemia rufa), a tall grass that previously covered the whole area.
1905 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1905 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1905 Western Conference football season. The team's head football coach was Fielding H. Yost. The Wolverines played their home games at Regents Field. After winning the first 12 games of the season by a combined score of 495–0, the team lost the final game of the season by a score of 2–0 against the Chicago Maroons.

Henry Schulte
Henry Frank Schulte (February 4, 1879 – October 18, 1944) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, baseball, and track and field.  Schulte played football at Washington University in St. Louis from 1898 to 1900 and at the University of Michigan from 1903 to 1905 and later coached football and track and field at Eastern Michigan University (1906–1908), Southeast Missouri State University (1909–1911), University of Missouri (1914–1919), and University of Nebraska (1919–1938).  Schulte was often referred to by the nickname "Indian" Schulte, though he was of German rather than Native American descent.
2001–02 Czech 1. Liga season
The 2001–02 Czech 1.liga season was the ninth season of the Czech 1.liga, the second level of ice hockey in the Czech Republic. 14 teams participated in the league, and HC Bili Tygri Liberec won the championship.

HC Dukla Jihlava
HC Dukla Jihlava, founded in 1956, is an ice hockey team in the Czech Republic.  It won the Czechoslovak Extraliga title 12 times: six consecutive championships beginning in 1967, then in 1974, four consecutive championships beginning in 1982, and again in 1991. As of 2019, HC Dukla Jihlava plays in the Czech 1. liga after being relegated from the Czech Extraliga in 2017–18.

Some of its prominent players have included Jaroslav Holík, Jiří Holík, Jan Klapáč, Jan Suchý, Ladislav Šmíd senior, Miloš Podhorský, Jan Hrbatý, Josef Augusta, Milan Chalupa, Jaroslav Benák, Petr Vlk, Libor Dolana, Igor Liba, Oldřich Válek, Dominik Hašek, Jiří Crha and Bedřich Ščerban.
Hogarth's Studio in 1739
Hogarth's Studio in 1739 is an 1863 history painting by the British artist Edward Matthew Ward. It portrays the London studio of the English painter William Hogarth, then in his mid-eighteenth century heyday. Having recently completed his Portrait of Captain Thomas Coram Hogarth and Coram hide behind the large picture as visiting children from the Foundling Hospital comment on it.

The painting was displayed at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1863 at the National Gallery. Today it is in the collection of the York Art Gallery, having been acquired in 1882.

William Powell Frith, like Ward a member of The Clique, had previously displayed Hogarth Brought Before the Governor of Calais as a Spy at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1851 commemorating another notable moment from Hogarth's life.

Royal Academy Exhibition of 1863
The Royal Academy Exhibition of 1863  was the ninety fifth Summer Exhibition of the British Royal Academy of Arts. It was held at the National Gallery in London from 4 May to 25 July 1863. The former Pre-Raphaelite John Everett Millais exhibited The Eve of St Agnes.

David Roberts exhibited a number of works. These included views of the River Thames St Paul's Looking East and St Paul's Looking West. Other paintings on display included The Coronation of the King of Prussia by George Housman Thomas, commissioned by Queen Victoria.  Charles Lucy featured a depiction of the reconciliation between Gainsborough and Reynolds, founding members of the Academy and longer-term rivals. Several of the group who became known as the St John's Wood Clique displayed scenes from British history.

John Brett submitted his Pre-Raphaelite landscape painting Florence from Bellosguardo but this was rejected by the hanging committee.
1968 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1968 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. The Rebels were led by 22nd-year head coach Johnny Vaught and played their home games at Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi and Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium in Jackson. The team competed as members of the Southeastern Conference, finishing tied for sixth. After finishing the regular season with a record of 6–3–1, they were invited to the 1968 Liberty Bowl, where they defeated VPI (Virginia Tech).

1968 Virginia Tech Gobblers football team
The 1968 Virginia Tech Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute or VPI (now known as Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University or Virginia Tech) as an independent during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. Led by eighth-year head coach Jerry Claiborne the Gobblers compiled an overall record of 7–4 and with a loss against Ole Miss in the Liberty Bowl. VPI played home games at Lane Stadium in Blacksburg, Virginia.
2008–09 Real Betis season
The 2008–09 season was the 101st season of Real Betis and the club's eighth consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football. In addition to the La Liga, Real Betis participated in this season's edition of the Copa del Rey.

Real Betis
Real Betis Balompié, S.A.D., known as Real Betis (pronounced [reˈal ˈβetis]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. It plays in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football. It currently plays home games at the 70,000-seat Estadio de La Cartuja.

Real Betis won the league title in 1935 and the Copa del Rey in 1977, 2005 and 2022. Given the club's tumultuous history and many relegations, its motto is ¡Viva el Betis manque pierda! (Long live Betis even though they lose!).
Olga Briscorn
Olga Konstantinovna Strukova Briscorn (née Mavrogeni; 1776 – 1836), nicknamed The Kursk Saltychikha, was a wealthy Russian landowner and socialite, as well as torturer and serial killer of her own serfs, who operated in the Kursk, Yekaterinoslav, and Saint Petersburg Governorates. She owned households in the capital, and other estates in Pyataya Gora, Prilepy, and Khomutovka.

Darya Nikolayevna Saltykova
Darya Nikolayevna Saltykova (Russian: Да́рья Никола́евна Салтыко́ва; née Ivanova, Ива́нова; 11 March 1730 – 9 December 1801), commonly known as Saltychikha (Russian: Салтычи́ха, IPA: [səltɨˈt͡ɕixə]), was a Russian noblewoman from the Saltykov family, sadist, and serial killer from Moscow. She became notorious for torturing and killing many of her serfs, mostly women. Saltykova has been compared by many to the Hungarian "Blood Countess," Elizabeth Báthory (1560–1614), who allegedly committed similar crimes in her home, Čachtice Castle, against servant girls and local serfs, although historians debate the accuracy of these charges.
Word n-gram language model
A word n-gram language model is a statistical model of language which calculates the probability of the next word in a sequence from a fixed size window of previous words. If one previous word is considered, it is a bigram model; if two words, a trigram model; if n − 1 words, an n-gram model.

Special tokens are introduced to denote the start and end of a sentence  and . To prevent a zero probability being assigned to unseen words, the probability of each seen word is slightly lowered to make room for the unseen words in a given corpus. To achieve this, various smoothing methods are used, from simple "add-one" smoothing (assigning a count of 1 to unseen n-grams, as an uninformative prior) to more sophisticated techniques, such as Good–Turing discounting or back-off models.

Word n-gram models have largely been superseded by recurrent neural network–based models, which in turn have been superseded by Transformer-based models often referred to as large language models.

Katz's back-off model
Katz back-off is a generative n-gram language model that estimates the conditional probability of a word given its history in the n-gram. It accomplishes this estimation by backing off through progressively shorter history models under certain conditions. By doing so, the model with the most reliable information about a given history is used to provide the better results.

The model was introduced in 1987 by Slava M. Katz. Prior to that, n-gram language models were constructed by training individual models for different n-gram orders using maximum likelihood estimation and then interpolating them together.
Lewis and Harriet Hayden House
Lewis and Harriet Hayden House was the home of African-American abolitionists who had escaped from slavery in Kentucky; it is located in Beacon Hill, Boston. They maintained the home as a stop on the Underground Railroad, and the Haydens were visited by Harriet Beecher Stowe as research for her book, Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852). Lewis Hayden was an important leader in the African-American community of Boston; in addition, he lectured as an abolitionist and was a member of the Boston Vigilance Committee, which resisted the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

Boston Vigilance Committee
The Boston Vigilance Committee (1841–1861) was an abolitionist organization formed in Boston, Massachusetts, to protect escaped slaves from being kidnapped and returned to slavery in the South. The Committee aided hundreds of escapees, most of whom arrived as stowaways on coastal trading vessels and stayed a short time before moving on to Canada or England. Notably, members of the Committee provided legal and other aid to George Latimer, Ellen and William Craft, Shadrach Minkins, Thomas Sims, and Anthony Burns.

Members coordinated with donors and Underground Railroad conductors to provide escapees with funds, shelter, medical attention, legal counsel, transportation, and sometimes weapons. They kept an eye out for slave catchers, and spread the word when any came to town. Some members took part in violent rescue efforts.
Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts
The Toneelacademie Maastricht, or  Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts, is a college of dramatic arts located in the city of Maastricht in the Netherlands. It is part of the Zuyd University of Applied Sciences.

Zuyd University of Applied Sciences
Zuyd University of Applied Sciences (Dutch: Zuyd Hogeschool) is a University of Applied Sciences with campuses in Heerlen, Sittard and Maastricht in the southeastern Netherlands.

The main focus of Zuyd University is on Bachelor programmes, 37 in total, most of them in Dutch. As of 2026, there are 10 master programmes.

In the 2008 edition of the Keuzegids Hoger Onderwijs ('Higher Education Guide'), Zuyd University takes first place of the 13 larger universities of applied sciences, with an average score of 6.85.
Nick Jr. (Germany)
Nick Jr. is a German TV television channel broadcasting to children in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The current version of channel was launched on September 12, 2005 as a programming block on the relaunched version of Nickelodeon between 6am and 10am and 4:30am to 9:45am on Nick Premium. The channel now broadcasts 24/7 from March 31, 2009. Before the channel launched, some programs were broadcast on Super RTL and Disney Channel.

On 1 April 2020, Nick Jr. and Nicktoons were added to Sky Deutschland, replacing Disney Junior.

The channel also had a block on the original version of Nickelodeon Germany which lasted until 29 May 1998 between 9:30am and 11:30am, the German-input block was presented by Face (known in German as Gesicht), although the block was initially titled Zirkus Nickelodeon. On 31 March 2010, the channel rebranded into its current look.

Nickelodeon (German TV channel)
Nickelodeon is a German free-to-air television channel for children, part of the international. based on the U.S. counterpart brand originally launched in 1995, and relaunched in 2005 as Nick, Nickelodeon is based in Berlin. The channel is available on subscription services and as an unscrambled, free-to-air (FTA) satellite signal. On 31 March 2010, the channel readopted the name Nickelodeon on air and online after being shortened to Nick since its relaunch in 2005, in addition to the new Nickelodeon logo and graphical package being rolled out internationally at the time. In 2017, The Nickelodeon name was shortened again to Nick before being reversed and readopted once again when it rebranded on 1 August 2023, nearly five months after its rebrand in the U.S. Since then, the channel is also broadcast in English in addition to German on a secondary audio track. It is aimed at children between the ages of 6 and 13.