hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów
The Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów (Polish: Cmentarz Obrońców Lwowa, Cmentarz Orląt Lwowskich,  Cemetery of the Lwów Eaglets, Orlat Cemetery) is a memorial and a burial place for the Poles and their allies who died in Lwów (Ukrainian: Lviv) during the hostilities of the Polish-Ukrainian War and Polish-Soviet War between 1918 and 1920.

The complex is a part of the city's historic Lychakiv Cemetery. There are about 3000 graves in that part of the cemetery; some from the Lwów Eaglets young militia volunteers, after whom that part of the cemetery is named. It was one of the most famous necropolises of the interwar Poland.

Initially neglected during Soviet times, much of the cemetery was destroyed in 1971. Following the Revolutions of 1989, the cemetery remained neglected until improvements in Polish-Ukrainian relations that resulted in its rebuilding and refurbishment, leading to it becoming one of the principal tourist attractions of Lviv.

Lychakiv Cemetery
The Lychakiv Cemetery (Ukrainian: Личаківський цвинтар, romanized: Lychakivskyi tsvyntar; Polish: Cmentarz Łyczakowski we Lwowie), officially titled State History and Culture Museum-Reserve "Lychakiv Cemetery" (Ukrainian: Державний історико-культурний музей-заповідник «Личаківський цвинтар»), is a historic cemetery in Lviv, Ukraine.
Manitoba Arts Council
The Manitoba Arts Council (MAC) is a provincial crown corporation whose purpose is to promote the arts. The Council awards grants to professional artists and arts organizations in Manitoba in all art forms; it also provides related creative activity such as arts education.

The Council was founded in 1965 with the passage of An Act to Establish The Manitoba Arts Council and incorporated in 1967. (It now operates under the terms of The Arts Council Act.) Remaining at arm’s-length from the Government of Manitoba, it is funded by the Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage and reports annually to the Provincial Legislature through the Minister of Sport, Culture and Heritage in its annual report.

Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage
Manitoba Sport, Culture, Heritage and Tourism (French: Sport, Culture, et Patrimoine; formerly Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage and Manitoba Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport) is the department of the Government of Manitoba responsible for managing government programs and services that support the sport, art, culture, and heritage of the province, through developing, supporting, promoting, and celebrating the identity and well-being of Manitoba and its communities.

More specifically, sport refers both to the fitness and well-being for individuals as well as to the uniting of people in the spirit of competition and community pride; culture reflects the "societal values and shared humanity" within Manitoba; and heritage represents the history of Manitoba and its relation to the province's present and future.

The department is overseen by the Minister of Sport, Culture, Heritage and Tourism, who has been Glen Simard since his appointment in October 2023.
Sámi orthography
Sámi orthography refers to the various orthographies used by the eight Sámi languages that have their own literary language: Southern Sámi, Ume Sámi, Pite Sámi, Lule Sámi, Northern Sámi, Inari Sámi, Skolt Sámi, and Kildin Sámi.

Lule Sámi
Lule Sámi (Lule Sami: julevsámegiella, Norwegian: lulesamisk, Swedish: lulesamiska) is a Uralic-Sámi language spoken around the Lule River in Sweden and in the northern parts of Nordland county in Norway. In Norway it is especially seen in Hamarøy Municipality (formerly Tysfjord Municipality), where Lule Sámi is one of the official languages. It is written in the Latin script, having an official alphabet.
Cártel del Noreste
The Cártel del Noreste (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾtel ðel noˈɾeste], Northeast Cartel) is a Mexican criminal organization and U.S.-designated Foreign Terrorist Organization that splintered from Los Zetas, following the capture of the latter's last absolute leader Omar Treviño Morales. Their main criminal activities are kidnapping, extortion, vehicle theft, human trafficking, drug trafficking, money laundering, as well as the control of local activities such as prostitution, and illegal human trafficking, among others. They have total control of the city of Nuevo Laredo, its main base. They are said to have an operational presence in the United States, Guatemala, Honduras and Colombia. In the latter, it is believed that they took away the cocaine purchasing business from Los Zetas, after their disappearance as a criminal group.

Omar Treviño Morales
Óscar Omar Treviño Morales (born January 26, 1974) is a Mexican convicted drug lord and former leader of Los Zetas, a criminal organization. He was one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords. His brother is Miguel Treviño Morales, a former leader of the group. The authorities believe he was the successor of his brother, who was arrested on July 15, 2013. On February 27, 2025, Morales and his brother would be extradited to the United States.
Caritas Bulgaria
Caritas Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Каритас България) or officially the National Catholic Federation Caritas - Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Национална Католическа Федерация Каритас - България) is a not-for-profit social welfare organisation in Bulgaria. It implements social activities in support of vulnerable people in society and is a service of the Bulgarian Catholic Church.

The main objectives of Caritas Bulgaria are to coordinate and support the activities of its regional organisations (also named "Caritas"), represent Caritas before the Bulgarian State and maintain relations with partners from abroad. Caritas Bulgaria is a member of both Caritas Europa and Caritas Internationalis.

Caritas Internationalis
Caritas Internationalis (Latin pronunciation: [kaː.ri.t̪as in̪.t̪er.nat̪.t̪͡s̪iˈɔː.na.lis]; lit. 'Charity International') is a confederation of 162 national Catholic relief, development, and social service organisations operating in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. The name Caritas Internationalis refers to both the global network of Caritas organisations and to its general secretariat based in Vatican City.

Collectively and individually, their missions are "to serve the poor and to promote charity and justice throughout the world". Caritas Internationalis is the second-largest international humanitarian aid network in the world after the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
Milutin Tower, Hilandar
Milutin Tower (Serbian: кула Милутина, romanized: kula Milutina, Greek: Πύργος του Μιλούτιν) or Tower of the Horseman (Greek: Πύργος του Καβαλλαρέως) is a medieval defensive structure dedicated to Stefan Milutin, located in Serbian Orthodox Hilandar Monastery in Mount Athos, Greece.

Stefan Milutin
Stefan Uroš II Milutin (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Урош II Милутин, romanized: Stefan Uroš II Milutin; c. 1253 – 29 October 1321), known posthumously as "the Holy King" (Свети краљ), was the King of Serbia between 1282–1321, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. He was one of the most powerful rulers of Serbia in the Middle Ages and one of the most prominent European monarchs of his time. Milutin is credited with strongly resisting the efforts of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos to impose Roman Catholicism on the Balkans after the Union of Lyons in 1274. During his reign, Serbian economic power grew rapidly, mostly due to the development of mining. He founded Novo Brdo, which became an internationally important silver mining site. As most of the Nemanjić monarchs, he was proclaimed a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church with a feast day on October 30.
Allylescaline
Allylescaline (AL), or allylmescaline, also known as 4-allyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is taken orally.

The drug acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. It is closely related to other scalines including mescaline, escaline, and proscaline, among others.

Allylescaline was first described in the scientific literature by Otakar Leminger in 1972. Subsequently, it was further described by Alexander Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). It was encountered as a novel designer drug in 2013.

PiHKAL
PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story, also known as Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved, is a book by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin published in 1991. The subject of the work is psychoactive phenethylamine chemical derivatives, notably those that act as psychedelics and/or entactogens. The book has two halves, with the second part containing detailed entries on 179 phenethylamines. PiHKAL was followed by TiHKAL: The Continuation (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved) (1997).
Dudleya crassifolia
Dudleya crassifolia is a species of drought deciduous, corm-forming succulent plant known by common name as the thick-leaf dudleya. It is an incredibly rare and cryptic plant native to one small locale less than a hectare in area on the Colonet peninsula in Baja California. It is threatened by urban development, including a proposed seaport. It is characterized by white, spreading flowers with leaf bases that are persistent on the stem. Although it did not receive as much media attention as the neighboring Dudleya hendrixii, it has been noted that the plant has several similarities to cryptic succulents like Anacampseros.

Dudleya hendrixii
Dudleya hendrixii is a species of succulent plant known by the common name Hendrix's liveforever. It is a rare endemic restricted to undisturbed habitat near in the vicinity of Punta Colonet, Baja California, Mexico. The species is a small succulent that grows from an underground stem, producing small flowers in late spring to early summer before becoming summer deciduous and dormant. It was discovered in late 2016 by researchers from San Diego State University and the University of California, Santa Cruz, and is named in honor of the late musician Jimi Hendrix.
Inch per second
The inch per second is a unit of speed or velocity. It expresses the distance in inches (in) traveled or displaced, divided by time in seconds (s). The corresponding coherent SI unit is the metre per second.

Abbreviations include in/s, ips, and less frequently, in⋅s−1.

Metre per second
The metre per second  is the unit of both speed (a scalar quantity) and velocity (a vector quantity, which has direction and magnitude) in the International System of Units (SI), equal to the speed of a body covering a distance of one metre in a time of one second. As the base unit for speed in the SI, it is commonly used in physics, mechanics, and engineering contexts. It represents both scalar speed and vector velocity, depending on context. According to the definition of metre, 1 m/s is exactly ⁠1/299792458⁠ of the speed of light.

The SI unit symbols are m/s, m·s−1, m s−1, or ⁠m/s⁠.
Azzun Atma
'Azzun 'Atma (Arabic: عزون عتمة) is a Palestinian village in the Qalqilya Governorate in the western West Bank, located 5 kilometers South-east of Qalqilya. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 'Azzun 'Atma had a population of 2,068 inhabitants in 2017. 3.9% of the population of 'Azzun 'Atma were refugees in 1997. The healthcare facilities for 'Azzun 'Atma are designated as MOH level 2.

Qalqilya
Qalqilya or Qalqiliya (Arabic: قلقيلية, romanized: Qalqīlyaḧ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, which serves as the administrative center of the Qalqilya Governorate. The city had a population of 51,683 in 2017. Qalqilya is surrounded by the Israeli West Bank wall, with a narrow gap in the east controlled by the Israeli military and a tunnel to the Palestinian town of Hableh. Qalqilya is under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority (as part of Area A), while remaining under Israeli military occupation.

According to Edward Henry Palmer, the name came from "a type of pomegranate", or "gurgling of water". Qalqilya was known as Calecailes in the Roman period, and Calcelie in the Frankish sources from the early Medieval times. The word "Qalqilya" might be derived from a Canaanite term which means "rounded stones or hills".
Danazol
Danazol, sold as Danocrine and other brand names, is an oral medication used in the treatment of endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease, hereditary angioedema and other conditions.

The use of danazol is limited by masculinizing side effects such as acne, excessive hair growth, and voice deepening. Danazol has a complex mechanism of action, and is characterized as a weak androgen and anabolic steroid, a weak progestogen, a weak antigonadotropin, a weak steroidogenesis inhibitor, and a functional antiestrogen.

Danazol was discovered in 1963 and was introduced for medical use in 1971. Due to their improved side-effect profiles, particularly their lack of masculinizing side effects, danazol has largely been replaced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH analogues) in the treatment of endometriosis.

Virilization
Virilization or masculinization is the biological development of adult male characteristics in young males or females. Most of the changes of virilization are produced by androgens.

Virilization is a medical term commonly used in three medical and biology of sex contexts: prenatal biological sexual differentiation, the postnatal changes of typical chromosomal male (46, XY) puberty, and excessive androgen effects in typical chromosomal females (46, XX). It is also the intended result of androgen replacement therapy in males with delayed puberty and low testosterone.
George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon
George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon (12 January 1800 – 27 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the Villiers family. He served a succession of Whig and Liberal administrations. This included as Viceroy in famine-stricken Ireland and, on the first of three occasions as Foreign Secretary, as the United Kingdom's chief representative at the Congress of Paris which ended the Crimean War.

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (UK: /lɛfˈtɛnənt/), or more formally Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland, was the title of the chief governor of Ireland from the Williamite Wars of 1690 until the Partition of Ireland in 1922. This spanned the Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1800) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922). The office, under its various names, was often more generally known as the viceroy, and his wife was known as the vicereine. The government of Ireland in practice was usually in the hands of the Lord Deputy up to the 17th century, and later of the Chief Secretary for Ireland.
Women's EuroHockey Indoor Championship
The Women's EuroHockey Indoor Championship is an international women's indoor hockey competition organized by the European Hockey Federation. The winning team becomes the champion of Europe. The tournament serves as a qualification tournament for the Women's Indoor Hockey World Cup.

The tournament is part of the EuroHockey Indoor Championships and is the highest level in the women's competition. The lowest two teams each year are relegated to the EuroHockey Indoor Championship II and replaced by the highest two teams from that competition. From 2024 onwards the tournament is played with ten instead of eight teams.

The tournament has been won by five different teams: Germany has the most titles with eighteen, the Netherlands has two titles and England, Ukraine and Belarus have won the tournament once. The most recent edition was held in Prague, Czech Republicand was won by Germany. The next edition will be held in 2028.

EuroHockey Indoor Championships
The EuroHockey Nations Championships are a European indoor field hockey competition organized by the European Hockey Federation (EHF). The tournament was started in 1974 for both men's competition and the women's competition.

In the men's competition, Germany is the most successful team, having won the tournament 12 times out of 13 between 1974 and 2008. For women, Germany is also the most successful team, having won all titles but one between 1974 and 2008. The only national team beside Germany to win the men's competition between 1974 and 2008 is Russia, having done so in 2008 by defeating Germany in the gold medal game. The only team beside Germany to win the women's competition between 1974 and 2008 is England, having done so in 1996 by defeating Germany in the gold medal game. The 2010 edition of the men's tournament is the first to not feature Germany in the top four.
Momma Dee
Deborah Bryant (née Gaither; born September 21, 1963), better known as Momma Dee, is an actress, singer and reality television personality, best known for her appearances in the VH1 hit reality show Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta. She is the mother of rapper and fellow Love & Hip Hop cast member Lil Scrappy.

Lil Scrappy
Darryl Raynard Richardson III (born January 19, 1984), professionally known as Lil Scrappy, is an American rapper.

Richardson was discovered by producer and performer Lil Jon while performing at a strip club in their respective hometown of Maryland. Along with labelmates Trillville, Lil Scrappy was one of the first signings to Lil Jon's BME Recordings. Richardson has built a strong reputation and eager following throughout the Atlanta hip hop scene and throughout the Southeastern United States through various mixtape releases.
LMT R-20 Rahe
The LMT R-20 Rahe (Literally "Hail" in Estonian) is an assault rifle chambered for the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge. It is specially designed and manufactured for the needs of the Estonian Defense Forces (EDF) by Lewis Machine & Tool Company (LMT).

The R-20 Rahe replaced the IMI Galil and Automatkarbin 4 rifles in the EDF, the latter rifles being stored for reserve use.

IWI Galil
The IWI Galil (Hebrew: גליל) is a family of Israeli-made automatic rifles chambered for the 5.56×45mm NATO and 7.62×51mm NATO cartridges. Originally designed by Yisrael Galili and Yakov Lior in the late 1960s, the Galil was first produced by the state-owned Israel Military Industries and is now exported by the privatized Israel Weapon Industries.

The first Galil rifle was manufactured using RK 62 receivers. Moreover, the Galil design is largely based on the Finnish rifle RK 62 (a derivative of the AK-47).

The Israeli Army initially deployed the 5.56×45mm NATO Galil in three basic configurations; the automatic rifle machine-gun (ARM), the automatic rifle (AR), and the short automatic rifle (SAR). A modernised, redesigned version of the Galil is produced since 2008, known as the Galil ACE.
Presidential state car (Russia)
The Russian presidential state car is the official state car of the President of Russia.

The current presidential state car is an Aurus Senat limousine, which replaced a Mercedes-Benz S 600 Guard Pullman.  The car is equipped with many life-saving, offensive, and defensive measures, and is built to the Federal Protective Service's standards.

The Aurus Senat was developed in Russia by the NAMI as part of the "Kortezh" project. The Senat was publicly presented for the first time at the Fourth inauguration of Vladimir Putin in 2018.

Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W221)
The Mercedes-Benz W221 is a chassis code of the fifth generation S-Class, produced from August 2005 until June 2013. The W221 S-Class was unveiled at the 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show as the successor of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220) and the predecessor of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222).
Offenbach Ost station
Offenbach (Main) Ost station is the second most important station after Offenbach Hauptbahnhof in Offenbach am Main in the German state of Hesse. It is served exclusively by the Rhine-Main S-Bahn. Although Offenbach Hauptbahnhof is served by some Regional-Express services and a few intercity services each day, it is rated as a category 4 station, while Offenbach Ost station is rated as a category 3 station.

Offenbach (Main) Hauptbahnhof
Offenbach am Main Hauptbahnhof is a railway station serving the German city of Offenbach am Main. It is located on the Frankfurt–Göttingen railway between Frankfurt and Hanau on the south bank of the Main. It is also the starting point of the Rodgau Railway, via Obertshausen, Rodgau and Ober-Roden to Dieburg (originally to Reinheim).
Bad Idea (Dove Cameron song)
"Bad Idea" is a song recorded by American singer Dove Cameron released by Disruptor and Columbia Records on October 28, 2022. Cameron has stated that the song was inspired by an intense late-night text message that she knew was a bad idea but secretly wanted to act on. She has clarified that she did not act on it and instead wrote the song from the fictional lens of someone that got back with an ex. The song was produced by frequent collaborator Evan Blair, who also worked with Cameron on previous singles "Boyfriend" and "Breakfast".

Boyfriend (Dove Cameron song)
"Boyfriend" is a song by American singer Dove Cameron, it was released on February 11, 2022, via Disruptor Records and Columbia Records as the lead single from her debut EP, Alchemical: Volume 1 (2023). The song was written by Cameron, Delacey, Evan Blair and Skyler Stonestreet, and produced by Evan Blair.
Cotati, California
Cotati (/koʊˈtɑːtiː/, /kə-/; Miwok: Kota’ti) is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located approximately 45 mi (70 km) north of San Francisco in the 101 corridor between Rohnert Park and Petaluma. Cotati's population as of the 2020 Census was 7,584, making it the least populous incorporated community in Sonoma County.

Like the rest of Sonoma County, Cotati is included in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the North Coast. Located in the Sonoma Coast AVA, Cotati can also be considered part of Wine Country. E & J Gallo Winery operates a 400-acre (160 ha) vineyard called Two Rock Vineyard in the hills west of town. Cotati's hexagonal downtown plaza, one of only two hexagonal town layouts in the United States, is California Historical Landmark number 879. The other U.S. city with a hexagonal layout is Detroit, Michigan.

Petaluma, California
Petaluma is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Its population was 59,776 according to the 2020 census.

Petaluma's name comes from the Miwok village named Péta Lúuma that was located on the banks of the Petaluma River.  The modern city originates in Rancho Petaluma, granted in 1834 to famed Californio statesman Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, considered to be the founder of Petaluma. Today, Petaluma is known for its well-preserved historic center and as a local hub for the Petaluma Valley region of Sonoma County.
Adelphian Society
The Adelphian Society was a college literary society established in 1840 at the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution (now Colgate University) in Hamilton, New York. It merged into Beta Theta Pi fraternity in 1880.

Colgate University
Colgate University is a private college in Hamilton, New York, United States. A liberal arts college, it was founded in 1819 as the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York and operated under that name until 1823, when it was renamed Hamilton Theological and Literary Institution, often called Hamilton College (1823–1846), then Madison College (1846–1890), and its present name since 1890.

Colgate enrolls approximately 3,200 students in 56 undergraduate majors that culminate in a Bachelor of Arts degree. The student body is 54% female and 46% male. Students participate in over 200 clubs and organizations. While Colgate offers an almost entirely undergraduate program, it also has a small graduate program leading to the Master of Arts in Teaching. The college competes in NCAA Division I sports and is part of the Patriot League athletic conference and ECAC Hockey.