hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Civil code
A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations.

A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some jurisdictions with a civil code, a number of the core areas of private law that would otherwise typically be codified in a civil code may instead be codified in a commercial code.

Law of obligations
The law of obligations is one branch of private law under the civil law legal system and so-called "mixed" legal systems. It is the body of rules that organizes and regulates the rights and duties arising between individuals. The specific rights and duties are referred to as obligations, and this area of law deals with their creation, effects and extinction.

An obligation is a legal bond (vinculum iuris) by which one or more parties (obligants) are bound to act or refrain from acting. An obligation thus imposes on the obligor a duty to perform, and simultaneously creates a corresponding right to demand performance by the obligee to whom performance is to be tendered.
Nicholas Lindsay
Nicholas Lindsay (born September 3, 1992) is a former Canadian soccer player who played as a forward.

He began his career at the academy level with TFC Academy in the Canadian Soccer League (CSL) in 2009. He successfully transitioned to the professional level in 2010 after securing a contract with Toronto FC in Major League Soccer (MLS). After three years in the MLS, he returned to the regional CSL in 2013, where he won a CSL Championship in 2015.

Canadian Soccer League championship final
The Canadian Soccer League championship final, or CSL Championship, is the post-season match of the Canadian Soccer League (CSL) and is the successor to the CNSL Championship. The winner is crowned champion as in other North American sports leagues (i.e. via a playoff following a regular season). This differs from other top soccer leagues, which consider the club with the most points at the end of the season to be the sole champion. It is a Non-FIFA championship match that was previously sanctioned by the Canadian Soccer Association (CSA) but is now affiliated with the Soccer Federation of Canada (SFC).

The league hosted its inaugural championship on October 14, 1998. The CSL Championship is traditionally held in early October. Toronto Croatia is the most successful team, winning a record sixth cup in 2015.

Throughout its history, the championship has had several title sponsors, from the Primus Cup in 2000, the Rogers Cup from 2001 to 2009, and the Givova Cup from 2010 onwards.
Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia
MRT Retail Sdn. Bhd., doing business as Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia (KR1M) (unofficial English title: 1Malaysia Grocery Stores) is a government-owned chain of convenience stores in Malaysia. It was established as part of the national campaign of 1Malaysia. Due to declining turnout rates and support from the public, it has closed all locations in 2017.

1Malaysia
1Malaysia (pronounced One Malaysia in English and Satu Malaysia in Malay) was a political slogan coined by former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak in 2009. The Initiative aimed to promote ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance. Over time, the concept became the subject of public debate and controversy.

After the 2018 Malaysian general election, in which the long-standing Barisan Nasional's government collapsed and was defeated by Pakatan Harapan, which emerged as the new ruling government, along with the ousting of Najib, the concept was abolished and replaced with Sayangi Malaysiaku, a concept created by Mahathir Mohamad, alongside other significant changes made by his government during his premiership.
Krampenes
Krampenes (Norwegian), Ganešnjárga (Northern Sami), or Kramppinen (Kven) is a village in Vadsø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located on the northern shore of the Varangerfjorden on the eastern shore of the Varanger Peninsula. It lies along the European route E75 highway, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Valen and Ekkerøy. The small island of Lille Ekkerøy lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) off the coast of Krampenes.

The majority of the village population is Norwegian as well as some Sami residents. The Sami reindeer herders on the Varanger Peninsula bring their reindeer to the slaughtering facilities in Krampenes each year, and they recruit their labour force for the slaughtering plant from the Norwegians in Krampenes.

Varanger Peninsula
The Varanger Peninsula (Norwegian: Varangerhalvøya; Northern Sami: Várnjárga; Kven: Varenkinniemi) is a peninsula in Finnmark county, Norway.  It is located in the northeasternmost part of Norway, along the Barents Sea.  The peninsula has the Tanafjorden to the west, the Varangerfjorden to the south, and the Barents Sea to the north and east. The municipalities of Vadsø, Båtsfjord, Berlevåg, Vardø, Tana, and Nesseby share the 2,069-square-kilometre (799 sq mi) peninsula. Nesseby and Tana are only partially on the peninsula, with the rest being entirely on the peninsula. The Varangerhalvøya National Park protects most of the land on the peninsula.
Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe
Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe (21 August 1704 – 25 February 1774), also called Johann Georg of Saxony, was a Saxon Field Marshal and Governor of Dresden.

He was an illegitimate son of August the Strong, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and Elector of Saxony, and Ursula Katharina of Altenbockum, divorced Princess Lubomirska, since August 1704 Imperial Princess (Reichsfürstin) of Teschen.

Generalfeldmarschall
Generalfeldmarschall (German: [ɡenəʁaːlˈfɛltmaʁʃal] ⓘ; from Old High German marahscalc, "marshal, stable master, groom"; English: general field marshal, field marshal general, or field marshal; often abbreviated to Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire, (Reichsgeneralfeldmarschall); in the Habsburg monarchy, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, the rank Feldmarschall was used. The rank was the equivalent to Großadmiral (English: Grand Admiral) in the Kaiserliche Marine and Kriegsmarine, a five-star rank, comparable to OF-10 in today's NATO naval forces.
Belize at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Belize competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France, which were held from 26 July to 11 August 2024. The country's participation in Paris marked its fourteenth appearance at the Summer Olympics since its debut in 1968, and after boycotting the 1980 Summer Olympics.

The Belizean athlete delegation consisted of one competitor, sprinter Shaun Gill, which tied for the smallest athlete delegation of a country at these Games. Gill qualified through a universality slot given by World Athletics. He was the flagbearer for the nation at the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony. He competed in the men's 100 metres event in athletics and did not advance further from the heats. Thus, Belize has yet to win an Olympic medal.

Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place on 3 August and 4 August at the Stade de France in Paris. Noah Lyles won the gold medal, setting a new personal best in the 100m and giving the United States its first victory in the event since 2004. Jamaican Kishane Thompson finished in second, taking the silver medal. The winning time of 9.79 was achieved by both Lyles and Thompson, but Lyles crossed the line 5 ms sooner to take gold. Lyles' teammate Fred Kerley finished third in 9.81, winning bronze.
Kenneth Althaus
Kenneth George Althaus Sr. (June 13, 1895 – June 9, 1987) was a Brigadier general in the United States Army during World War II. A veteran of several campaigns of World War I, he was first involved with armored forces of the United States Army from late 1920s and later commanded several early tank units including 759th Tank Battalion or 11th Armored Regiment.

Althaus rose to the general's rank and distinguished himself as Commander, Combat Command A, 10th Armored Division during Battle of Metz within Lorraine campaign. He was relieved of command due to medical reasons in mid-December 1944 and returned to the United States for training assignment. Althaus completed his career as Commandant, Tank Destroyer School, Camp Hood, Texas.

Battle of Metz
The Battle of Metz was fought during World War II at the French city of Metz, then part of Nazi Germany, from late September 1944 through mid-December as part of the Lorraine Campaign between the U.S. Third Army commanded by Lieutenant General George Patton and the German Army commanded by General Otto von Knobelsdorff. Strong German resistance resulted in heavy casualties for both sides. The city was captured by U.S. forces and hostilities formally ceased on 22 November; the last of the forts defending Metz surrendered on 13 December.
Khezhakeno
Khezhakeno is a village in the Phek District of the Indian state of Nagaland. It is a historical village of the Nagas and is located in the region 25.30°N 94.12°E at an elevation of 1660 meters above sea level and shares its border with the state of Manipur in the south. The village is 48 km from the state capital Kohima via NEC Viswema-Kidima-Zuketsa road and is 23 km away from its Sub-divisional headquarter Pfütsero. It falls under the Administrative Circle of Khezhakeno HQ headed by an Extra Assistant Commissioner.

The village is inhabited by Khezha people belonging to a sub-tribe of Chakhesang Naga. Its natives, however, refer to the village and themselves as Kozabomi, meaning ‘the native people of Koza’, which is derived from their chief's name ‘Koza’, who founded the village.

Naga people
Nagas are various Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups native to northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. The groups have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority of population in the Indian state of Nagaland and Naga Self-Administered Zone of Myanmar (Burma); with significant populations in Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in India, and Sagaing Region and Kachin State in Myanmar.

The Nagas are divided into various Naga ethnic groups whose numbers and populations are unclear. They each speak distinct Naga languages often unintelligible to the others, but all are loosely connected to each other.
Peter Van Brugh Livingston
Peter Van Brugh Livingston (bp. November 3, 1710 Albany, New York – December 28, 1792 Elizabethtown, Union County, New Jersey) was a Patriot during the American Revolution who was a wealthy merchant and who served as the 1st New York State Treasurer from 1776 to 1778.

Elizabeth Township, New Jersey
Elizabeth Township, also called Elizabethtown, was a township that existed in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, from 1664 until 1855. The town served as the first capital of New Jersey.

The area was initially part of the Elizabethtown Tract, purchased from the Lenape on October 28, 1664.

Elizabeth-Town Township was formed on October 31, 1693, while the area was still within Essex County. Elizabeth was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships by the Township Act of 1798 Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. Portions of the township were taken to form Westfield Township (January 27, 1794), Springfield Township (April 14, 1794), Rahway Township (February 27, 1804) and Clinton Township (April 14, 1834).

On March 13, 1855, the City of Elizabeth was created, combining and replacing both Elizabeth Township and Elizabeth Borough. With the creation of the City of Elizabeth, Elizabeth Township was dissolved.
Gil Hayes
Gilbert Lee Hayes (October 20, 1939 – July 28, 2022) was a Canadian professional wrestler who competed in North American promotions during the 1960s and 1970s including All-Star Wrestling and Stampede Wrestling where he remained a mainstay for the majority of his 17-year career. One of the first Canadian professional wrestlers to compete in Puerto Rico, he also frequently toured Japan with International Wrestling Enterprise during the mid-to-late 1970s.

He was also the first man to simultaneously hold two Canadian wrestling championships, the Stampede North American Heavyweight and International Tag Team Championship, at one time.

Archie Gouldie
Archibald Edward Gouldie (November 22, 1936 – January 23, 2016) was a Canadian professional wrestler. He wrestled for Stampede Wrestling for decades as Archie "The Stomper" Gouldie, with the nickname coming from the wrestler's reputation of "stomping" on his opponents, when they were down, with his black cowboy boots. He was also known by the ring name The Mongolian Stomper.
Super Rugby AUS
The Super Rugby AUS is a men's rugby union round-robin competition organised by Rugby Australia (RA). Established in 2025, it is the second-highest level of professional rugby in the country, behind Super Rugby.

Rugby Australia
Rugby Australia Ltd, previously named Australian Rugby Union Limited and Australian Rugby Football Union Limited, is an Australian company operating the premier rugby union competition in Australia and teams. It has its origins in 1949. It is a member of World Rugby. Rugby Australia has eight member unions, representing each state and the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory. It also manages national representative rugby union teams, including the Wallabies and the Wallaroos.
Helene Rothländer
Helene Rothländer (23 December 1890 – 1 July 1976) was a German teacher and politician (Catholic Centre Party, CDU). Directly before the cancellation of German democracy she served briefly as a member of the Prussian parliament.

She was released from the schools service in November 1933 because of her "political unreliability".  Towards the end of 1944, she spent seven weeks in prison in Koblenz as a victim of "Aktion Gitter". She returned to regional politics after the war ended, and also undertook various senior roles in connection with the education system in the newly created federal state of Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate).

Enabling Act of 1933
The Enabling Act of 1933 (German: Ermächtigungsgesetz, officially titled Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich lit. 'Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich') was a law that gave the German Cabinet—most importantly, the chancellor, Adolf Hitler—the power to make and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or President Paul von Hindenburg. By allowing the chancellor to override the checks and balances in the constitution, the Enabling Act of 1933 was a pivotal step in the transition from the democratic Weimar Republic to the totalitarian dictatorship of Nazi Germany.
Insignificance (film)
Insignificance  is a 1985 British alternative history comedy drama film directed by Nicolas Roeg, and starring Gary Busey, Michael Emil, Theresa Russell, Tony Curtis, and Will Sampson. Adapted by Terry Johnson from his 1982 play of the same name, the film follows four famous characters who converge in a New York City hotel one night in 1954: The Ballplayer (Busey), The Professor (Emil), The Actress (Russell), and The Senator (Curtis), inspired by Joe DiMaggio, Albert Einstein, Marilyn Monroe, and Joseph McCarthy, respectively.

Johnson completed the screenplay for Insignificance in mid-1984, and the film was shot on location in New York City and at Lee Studios in Wembley, England. The film premiered at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or and won the Technical Grand Prize. It was released theatrically in the United Kingdom by Palace Pictures on 2 August 1985. It received largely favorable reviews from film critics.

The Seven Year Itch
The Seven Year Itch is a 1955 American romantic comedy film directed by Billy Wilder, who co-wrote the screenplay with George Axelrod. Based on Axelrod's 1952 play, the film stars Marilyn Monroe and Tom Ewell, with the latter reprising his stage role. It contains one of the most iconic pop culture images of the 20th century, in the form of Monroe standing on a subway grate as her white dress is blown upwards by a passing train. The titular phrase, which refers to waning interest in a monogamous relationship after seven years of marriage, has been used by psychologists.
Schulschiff Deutschland
53°32′48″N 8°34′19″E﻿ / ﻿53.54674°N 8.572059°E﻿ / 53.54674; 8.572059

Schulschiff Deutschland (Training ship Germany/School ship Germany) is a German full-rigged sail training ship, maintained as a historical monument and museum ship. She was employed as a school ship for the merchant marine beginning in 1927. The ship is moored at the Neuer Hafen in Bremerhaven, in the Federal State of Bremen, Germany. Since the name Deutschland was at the time of its construction already assigned to an unbuilt naval warship (a pocket battleship, later renamed the Lützow), its official name is Schulschiff Deutschland.

The ship carries 25 sails with a total sail area of 1950 square meters.

The top speed on engine is 12 knots, and on sail 18.2 knots.

Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven (German pronunciation: [ˌbʁeːmɐˈhaːfn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Bremerhoben) is a city on the east bank of the Weser estuary in northern Germany. It forms an exclave of the city-state of Bremen. The River Geeste flows through the city before emptying into the Weser.

Bremerhaven was founded in 1827 as a seaport for Bremen, and it remains one of the busiest ports in the country. It was historically rivalled by Geestemünde [de] on the opposite side of the Geeste, which belonged to Hanover (and later Prussia). Geestemünde united with neighbouring Lehe [de] to form the city of Wesermünde [de] in 1924, and Bremerhaven was itself annexed to Wesermünde in 1939, but the entire conurbation was restored to Bremen in 1947.
Jeremy Borash
Jeremy Borash (born July 19, 1974) is an American professional wrestling play-by-play commentator, announcer, ring announcer, booker, interviewer, and producer, working for WWE as Vice President of Content and Development. He is best known for his tenure in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he worked as a multifaceted staff member from the company's inception in 2002 until his departure in 2018. In March 2017, he was appointed as the lead play-by-play commentator for Impact Wrestling after being mentored by Mike Tenay for many years.

Borash was involved in the now-defunct World Championship Wrestling and World Wrestling All-Stars promotions. His most recent title was being a member of the TNA Wrestling broadcast team, as well as a backstage interviewer and member of the Impact creative team. He has also been the host of Impact Wrestling online content such as TNA Today in 2012 and TNA Xplosion in the UK on Challenge TV from 2011 to 2017.

TNA Impact!
TNA Impact!, also known as TNA Thursday Night Impact! or simply Impact! (stylized as iMPACT!), is an American professional wrestling television program produced by the American promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) that debuted on June 4, 2004. It also features wrestlers from WWE's NXT brand due to the working relationship between the two companies.

The series currently airs every Thursday at 9 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) on AMC as well as streaming on AMC+ in the United States and TNA+ internationally, owned by its parent company Anthem Sports & Entertainment. It premiered on AMC on January 15, 2026.
Maurizio Bolognini
Maurizio Bolognini (born 27 July 1952) is a post-conceptual media artist. His installations are mainly concerned with the aesthetics of machines, and are based on the minimal and abstract activation of technological processes that are beyond the artist's control, at the intersection of generative art, public art and e-democracy.

E-democracy
E-democracy (a blend of the terms electronic and democracy), also known as digital democracy or Internet democracy, uses information and communication technology (ICT) in political and governance processes. While offering new tools for transparency and participation, e-democracy also faces growing challenges such as misinformation, bias in algorithms, and the concentration of power in private platforms. The term is commonly attributed to digital activist Steven Clift. By using 21st-century ICT, e-democracy seeks to enhance democracy, including aspects like civic technology and E-government.
Music of Angola
The music of Angola has been shaped both by wider musical trends and by the political history of the country. while Angolan music has also influenced the music of the other Lusophone countries and Latin American countries. In turn, the music of Angola was instrumental in creating and reinforcing "angolanidade", the Angolan national identity.  The capital and largest city of Angola — Luanda — is home to a diverse group of styles including  kazukuta,  semba, kizomba and kuduro. Just off the coast of Luanda is Ilha do Cabo, home to an accordion and harmonica-based style of music called rebita.

Kuduro
Kuduro (or kuduru) is a type of music and dance born in Angola. It is characterized as uptempo, energetic, and danceable. Kuduro was developed in Luanda, Angola, in the late 1980s. Producers sampled traditional carnival music like soca and zouk béton ("hard" zouk) from the Caribbean to Angola, house and techno playing from Europe.

The kuduro is similar to semba. Its rhythm is laid out on a fast four-to-the-floor beat bass drum and some other instrument (snare drum, sidestick, etc.) performing the first two hits of the tresillo pattern.
Niesslia
Niesslia is a genus of fungi in the family Niessliaceae. It was circumscribed by German mycologist Bernhard Auerswald in 1869, with Niesslia chaetomium assigned as the type species.

These organisms, which are barely visible to the naked eye, are found in decaying plant matter and are parasites of lichens, other fungi, or nematode eggs.  They belong to the ascomycetes and in their teleomorphic (sexual) stage they form distinctive dark brown shiny fruiting bodies with spines.  The fruiting body structures are a flask-shaped type called perithecia  where the spores escape through ostioles.  The asexual anamorphic stage was given the genus name Monocillium, now considered a synonym.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Blagodat (mountain)
Blagodat (Russian: Благода́ть), is a mountain in Sverdlovsk Oblast in Russia, on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains within the city limits of Kushva. It became famous due to a large deposit of magnetic ironstone discovered here in 1735.

Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердловская область, romanized: Sverdlovskaya oblast, [ʹsvʲɪrdˈlofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as "Sverdlovsk". Its population is 4,268,998 (according to the 2021 Census).
H2BK5ac
H2BK5ac  is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H2B. It is a mark that indicates the acetylation at the 5th lysine residue of the histone H2B protein. H2BK5ac is involved in maintaining stem cells and colon cancer.

Acetylation
Salicylic acid is acetylated with acetic anhydride to form aspirin and acetic acid as a byproduct

In chemistry, acetylation  is an organic esterification reaction with acetic acid. It introduces an acetyl group into a chemical compound. Such compounds are termed acetate esters or simply acetates. Deacetylation is the opposite reaction, the removal of an acetyl group from a chemical compound.