hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N52 road (Ireland)
The N52 road is a national secondary road in Ireland. It links the M7 motorway from just south of Nenagh, County Tipperary to the M1 motorway north of Dundalk in County Louth. The route forms a connection between the north east of Ireland and the mid west traversing the midlands. It interchanges with the M6 at Kilbeggan and at Tyrrellspass, the N4 at Mullingar, the N3 at Kells, and the N2 at Ardee before continuing towards Dundalk.

The road is 177.694 km (110.414 mi) long.

M1 motorway (Republic of Ireland)
The M1 motorway (Irish: Mótarbhealach M1) is a motorway in Ireland. It forms the large majority of the N1 national primary road connecting Dublin towards Belfast along the east of the island of Ireland. The route heads north via Swords, Drogheda and Dundalk to the Northern Irish border just south of Newry in County Armagh, where it joins the A1 road and further on, the M1 motorway in Northern Ireland. It also forms a significant part of the road connection between Dublin and the Northern Irish cities of Newry, and Lisburn.
The route is part of European route E01.
Neftekamsk constituency
The Neftekamsk constituency (No.6) is a Russian legislative constituency in the Bashkortostan Republic. The constituency covers north-western Bashkiria, stretching from Yanaul in the north to Oktyabrsky in the south. Neftekamsk constituency was created in 2015 from parts of former Ordzhonikidzevsky (Neftekamsk and Agidel) and Sovetsky (Tuymazy and Oktyabrsky) constituencies.

The constituency has been represented since its creation by LDPR faction member Rifat Shaykhutdinov, businessman and Civic Platform party chairman, who is the only Civic Platform representative in the State Duma.

Blagoveshchensk constituency (Bashkortostan)
The Blagoveshchensk constituency (No.4) is a Russian legislative constituency in Bashkortostan. The constituency covers parts of Ufa as well as northern and north-eastern Bashkiria. The present day Blagoveshchensk constituency was created in 2015 from parts of former Ordzhonikidzevsky, Kalininsky and Sovetsky constituencies.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Rafael Mardanshin, a three-term State Duma member and businessman, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Ildar Bikbayev.
Eighty Years' War, 1599–1609
The years 1599–1609 constituted a phase in the Eighty Years' War (c. 1568–1648) between the Spanish Empire and the emerging Dutch Republic. It followed the Ten Years (1588–1598) that saw significant conquests by the Dutch States Army under the leadership of stadtholders Maurice of Nassau and William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg, and ended with the conclusion of the Twelve Years' Truce (1609–1621) on 9 April 1609. From 1599 to 1609 the conflict largely settled into a stalemate. The Battle of Nieuwpoort (1600) yielded a Dutch tactical victory without durable strategic gains. Spain recorded successes at the Siege of Ostend (1601–1604) and during Spinola's campaign of 1605–1606, while the Dutch won a naval victory at the Battle of Gibraltar (1607); Spain also went bankrupt that year, and had to suspend payments of its troops in the Low Countries. Financial pressures were among the factors that led both sides, especially Spain, to pursue a ceasefire.

Dutch States Army
The Dutch States Army (Dutch: Staatse leger) was the army of the Dutch Republic. It was usually called this, because it was formally the army of the States-General of the Netherlands, the sovereign power of that federal republic. This army was brought to such a size and state of readiness that it was able to hold its own against the armies of the major European powers of the extended 17th century, Habsburg Spain and the France of Louis XIV, despite the fact that these powers possessed far larger military resources than the Republic. It played a major role in the Eighty Years' War (opposite the Spanish Army of Flanders) and in the wars of the Grand Alliance with France after 1672.
Passive immunity
In immunology, passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies. Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially, when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin (obtained from humans, horses, or other animals) are transferred to non-immune persons through blood products that contain antibodies, such as in immunoglobulin therapy or antiserum therapy. Passive immunization is used when there is a high risk of infection and insufficient time for the body to develop its own immune response, or to reduce the symptoms of ongoing or immunosuppressive diseases. Passive immunization can be provided when people cannot synthesize antibodies, and when they have been exposed to a disease that they do not have immunity against.

Immunity (medicine)
In biology, immunity is the state of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process, especially a pathogen or infectious disease. Immunity may occur naturally or be produced by prior exposure or immunization.
Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm
Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines is one of seven operating units of the Bureau of Corrections under the Department of Justice.  Currently, it houses some 4,000 inmates.

Department of Justice (Philippines)
The Department of Justice (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Katarungan, abbreviated as DOJ) is under the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for upholding the rule of law in the Philippines. It is the government's principal law agency, serving as its legal counsel and prosecution arm. It has its headquarters at the DOJ Building in Padre Faura Street, Ermita, Manila.

The department is led by the Secretary of Justice, nominated by the president of the Philippines and confirmed by the Commission on Appointments. The secretary is a member of the Cabinet. The agency is currently held by its Acting Secretary Usec. Fredderick A. Vida.
Ormon Khan
Ormon Khan (Kyrgyz: Ормон хан; c. 1792 – 1854) was the first and only khan of the Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate, ruling from 1842 until his death in 1854. A member of the powerful Sarybagysh tribe, Ormon's reign saw a centralization of the Kyrgyz tribes, with the establishment of legal and judicial systems. Ormon was a close ally of the Russian Empire in the region, winning a series of wars against the Khanate of Kokand and defeating a Kazakh army led by Kenesary Khan, who had been rebelling against the Russians. In 1854, during a conflict with a rival Kyrgyz tribe, Ormon was captured in battle and executed. Ormon's khanate collapsed following his death, with the region falling under Russian control by 1868.

Kenesary Qasymuly
Kenesary Qasymuly,  or Kenesary Khan (Kazakh: کناشیرین خان, Кенесары хан, romanized: Kenesary xan; 1802–1847) was the last khan of the Kazakh Khanate, grandson of Ablai Khan, from the clan of Genghisid-Töre.  He fought to protect the independence of Kazakh lands and attempted to restore the traditional khanate rule.

In modern Kazakhstan, he is revered at the state level as the leader of a rebellion against the Russian Empire. In Soviet historiography, Kenesary was characterized as the leader of the reactionary feudal-monarchist movement aimed at separating Kazakhstan from Russia.
Claire L'Heureux-Dubé
Claire L'Heureux-Dubé CC GOQ KC (born September 7, 1927) is a retired Canadian judge who served as a puisne justice on the Supreme Court of Canada from 1987 to 2002. She was the first woman from Quebec and the second woman appointed to this position, after Bertha Wilson. Previously, she had been one of the first female lawyers to handle divorce cases, and was the first woman appointed as a judge to the Quebec Superior Court and the Quebec Court of Appeal.

During L'Heureux-Dubé's time on the country's top court, she earned a reputation as a steadfast feminist and supporter of minority rights. Because roughly 40 percent of the 254 judgements that she wrote were dissents, she became known as the court's "great dissenter".

Bertha Wilson
Bertha Wernham Wilson CC FRSC (September 18, 1923 – April 28, 2007) was a Canadian jurist and the first female puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. Before her ascension to Canada's highest court, she was the first female associate and partner at Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt and the first woman appointed to the Court of Appeal for Ontario. During her time at Osler, she created the first in-firm research department in the Canadian legal industry.
Island Bend Dam
Island Bend Dam is a major gated concrete gravity dam with a controlled spillway across the Snowy River in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's main purpose is for the diversion of water for generation of hydro-power and is one of the sixteen major dams that comprise the Snowy Mountains Scheme, a vast hydroelectricity and irrigation complex constructed in south-east Australia between 1949 and 1974 and now run by Snowy Hydro.

The impounded reservoir is called the Island Bend Pondage.

Snowy Hydro
Snowy Hydro Limited is an electricity generation and retailing company in Australia that owns, manages, and maintains the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Scheme that consists of nine hydro-electric power stations and sixteen large dams connected by 145 kilometres (90 mi) of tunnels and 80 kilometres (50 mi) of aqueducts located mainly in the Kosciuszko National Park. Snowy Hydro also owns and operates two gas-fired power stations in Victoria and one in New South Wales, three diesel power stations in South Australia and owns two electricity retailing businesses, Red Energy and Lumo Energy.

The company is owned by the Government of Australia and whilst not a statutory corporation, is established by the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Power Act 1949 (Cth). Prior to its incorporation under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), the company was previously known as Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Authority.
Gohana Assembly constituency
Gohana Assembly constituency is one of the 90 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Haryana state in India.

It is part of Sonipat district. As of 2024, its representative is Arvind Kumar Sharma of the Bhartiya Janata Party .

Sonipat district
Sonipat district is one of the 22 districts of Haryana state in northern India. Sonipat town is the district headquarters. It is a part of National Capital Region. It is bordered by Delhi, Panipat, Rohtak, Jind, Jhajjar and Baghpat (Uttar Pradesh).

The district borders union territory of Delhi in south, Panipat District in the north, Jind District in the north-west, Uttar Pradesh state in the east with the Yamuna River acting as a border and Rohtak District in the west.
Capital asset
A capital asset is defined as property of any kind held by an assessee. It need not be connected to the assesse’s business or profession. The term encompasses all kinds of property, movable or immovable, tangible or intangible, fixed or circulating. Land and building, plant and machinery, motorcar, furniture, jewellery, route permits, goodwill, tenancy rights, patents, trademarks, shares, debentures, mutual funds, zero-coupon bonds are some examples of what is considered capital assets.

Intangible asset
An intangible asset is an asset that lacks physical substance. Examples are patents, copyright, franchises, goodwill, trademarks, and trade names, reputation, R&D, know-how, organizational capital as well as any form of digital asset such as software and data. This is in contrast to physical assets (machinery, buildings, etc.) and financial assets (government securities, etc.).

Intangible assets are usually very difficult to value. Today, a large part of the corporate economy (in terms of net present value) consists of intangible assets, reflecting the growth of information technology (IT) and organizational capital. Specifically, each dollar of IT has been found to be associated with and increase in firm market valuation of over $10, compared with an increase of just over $1 per dollar of investment in other tangible assets. Furthermore, firms that both make organizational capital investments and have a large computer capital stock have disproportionately higher market valuations.
Dromicosuchus
Dromicosuchus (Ancient Greek, meaning "fleet or quickly walking crocodile") is an extinct genus of sphenosuchian, a type of basal crocodylomorph, the clade that comprises the crocodilians and their closest kin. It was found in Upper Triassic rocks of North Carolina, United States, and is known from a nearly complete skull and partial skeleton. This specimen is unusual in that it was found beneath the skeleton of a larger rauisuchian (Postosuchus alisonae) and has apparent bite damage, suggesting that it was attacked by the larger carnivore before both died and were buried together.

Sphenosuchia
Sphenosuchia is a grouping of basal crocodylomorphs that first appeared in the Triassic and persisted into the Jurassic. Most were small, gracile animals with an erect limb posture. Although sometimes recovered as a monophyletic group, they are now generally thought to represent various early offshoots of the lineage leading to Crocodyliformes, with some sphenosuchians more closely related to crocodyliforms than to other "sphenosuchians", rendering the group paraphyletic.
Idakka
The idakka (Malayalam: ഇടയ്ക്ക), also spelt idaykka/edaykka/edakka, is an hourglass-shaped drum from Kerala in south India, very similar to the pan-Indian damaru. While the damaru is played by rattling knotted cords against the resonators, the idakka is played with a stick. Like the damaru, the idakka's pitch may be bent by squeezing the lacing in the middle. The idakka is slung over the left shoulder and the right side of the instrument is gently beaten with a thin curve-ended stick. It is played in temples and in performances such as Kathakali and Mohiniattam classical dance.

Damaru
A damaru (Sanskrit: डमरु, IAST: ḍamaru; Tibetan ཌ་མ་རུ་ or རྔ་ཆུང) is a small two-headed drum used in Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism. In Hinduism, the damaru is known as the instrument of the Hindu deity Shiva, associated with Tantric traditions. It is said to be created by Shiva to produce spiritual sounds by which the whole universe has been created and regulated. In Tibetan Buddhism, the damaru is used as an instrument in meditation practices.
Ambuli
Ambuli (transl. Moon) is a 2012 Indian Tamil language stereoscopic science fiction horror 3D film written and directed by Hari Shankar and Hareesh Narayan, who earlier directed Orr Eravuu in 2010. The film is the first stereoscopic film to be directed. Produced by KTVR Loganathan, the film features an ensemble cast of R. Parthiban, Gokulnath, Jagan, P. S. Srijith, R. Ajay, Sanam Shetty, and Jothisha. The film released on 17 February 2012, where it ran for over 100 days and became a box office success.

Orr Eravuu
Orr Eravuu (English: One night) is a 2010 Tamil independent horror film written and directed by debutants Hari Shankar, Hareesh Narayan, and Krishna Sekhar. The film stars Sathish G and Vani Bhojan in the lead roles. The film released on 11 June 2010 to mixed reviews.

The film is about paranormal occurrences. Spirits and ghosts are believed to have a close kinship with the night. Based on this concept, Orr Eravuu was made. The entire film was shot from the protagonist's viewpoint, using shaky camerawork, reportedly the first Indian viewpoint film.
Mahalalel
Mahalalel (Hebrew: מַהֲלַלְאֵל, romanized: Mahălalʾēl, Ancient Greek: Μαλελεήλ, Maleleḗl) was an Antediluvian patriarch named in the Hebrew Bible. He is mentioned in the Sethite genealogy as the grandfather of Enoch and subsequently the ancestor of Noah.

Enoch
Enoch (/ˈiːnək/ ⓘ Hebrew: חֲנוֹךְ‎, Modern: Ḥanōḵ, Tiberian: Ḥănōḵ; Greek: Ἑνώχ Henṓkh) is a biblical figure and patriarch prior to Noah's flood. He is the son of Jared and father of Methuselah.

The text of the Book of Genesis says Enoch lived 365 years before he was taken by God. The text reads that Enoch "walked with God: and he was no more; for God took him" (Gen 5:21–24), which is interpreted as Enoch entering heaven alive in some Jewish and Christian traditions, and interpreted differently in others.

Enoch is the subject of many Jewish and Christian traditions. He was considered the author of the Book of Enoch and also called the scribe of judgement. In the New Testament, the Gospel of Luke, the Epistle to the Hebrews, and the Epistle of Jude all reference Enoch, the last of which also quotes from the Book of Enoch. In the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Oriental Orthodoxy, he is venerated as a Saint.
Mammals of New Zealand
Prior to human settlement, the mammals of New Zealand consisted entirely of several species of bat and several dozen marine mammal species. Far earlier, during the Miocene, at least one "archaic" terrestrial mammal species is known to have existed, the Saint Bathans mammal. The Māori brought the kurī (Polynesian Dog) and kiore (Polynesian rat) in about 1250 CE, and Europeans from 1769 onwards brought the pig, mice, two additional species of rats, weasels, stoats, ferrets and possums and many other species, some of which cause conservation problems for indigenous species.

Polynesian rat
The Polynesian rat, Pacific rat or little rat (Rattus exulans), or kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat. Contrary to its vernacular name, the Polynesian rat originated in Southeast Asia, and like its relatives has become widespread, migrating to most of Polynesia, including New Zealand, Easter Island, and Hawaii. It shares high adaptability with other rat species extending to many environments, from grasslands to forests. It is also closely associated with humans, who provide easy access to food. It has become a major pest in most areas of its distribution.
ArmaLite AR-18
The ArmaLite AR-18 is a gas-operated rifle chambered for 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition. The AR-18 was designed at ArmaLite in California by Arthur Miller, Eugene Stoner, George Sullivan, and Charles Dorchester in 1963 as an alternative to the Colt AR-15 design, a variant of which had just been selected by the U.S. military as the M16.

A semi-automatic version known as the AR-180 was later produced for the civilian market. While the AR-18 was never adopted as the standard service rifle of any nation, its production license was sold to companies in Japan and the United Kingdom, and it is said to have influenced many later weapons such as the British SA80, the Singaporean SAR-80 and SR-88, the Belgian FN F2000, the Japanese Howa Type 89 and the German Heckler and Koch G36.

FN F2000
The FN F2000 is a 5.56×45mm NATO bullpup rifle, designed by FN Herstal in Belgium. Its compact bullpup design includes a telescopic sight, a non-adjustable fixed notch and front blade secondary sight. The weapon has fully ambidextrous controls, allowed by a unique ejection system, ejecting spent cartridge casings forward and to the right side of the weapon, through a tube running above the barrel. The F2000 made its debut in March 2001 at the IDEX defence exhibition held in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates.
Grace A. Mapps
Grace A. Mapps (c. 1835 – June 11, 1897) was an American educator, administrator and poet, who may have been the first African-American woman to graduate with a four-year college degree. Mapps graduated from New-York Central College at McGrawville in 1852, but the type of degree she received (if any) is not recorded. As such, Mary Jane Patterson is widely regarded as the first African-American woman to graduate with a four-year bachelor's degree. Understandings of Mapps' achievements are also complicated by regular confusion with relatives Sarah Mapps Douglass and Grace Douglass, both of whom were prominent activists and educators.

Mary Jane Patterson
Mary Jane Patterson (September 12, 1840 – September 24, 1894) was an American educator born to a previously enslaved mother and a freeborn father. She is notable because she is claimed to be the first African-American woman to receive a B.A degree. In 1862, she completed the four-year 'gentlemen's course' at Oberlin College. She first taught at the Philadelphia's Institute for Colored Youth. She then went on to teach at the Preparatory High School for Colored Youth, known today as Dunbar High School, in Washington, D.C. She became its first Black principal. She was a lifelong advocate for Black education, helping to found the Colored Woman's League which later became the National Association of Colored Women. A humanitarian, Patterson also devoted time and money to Black institutions in Washington, D.C.
Robert Tappan Morris
Robert Tappan Morris (born November 8, 1965) is an American computer scientist and entrepreneur. He is best known for creating the Morris worm in 1988, considered the first computer worm on the Internet.

Morris was prosecuted for releasing the worm, and became the first person convicted under the then-new Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA).
He went on to cofound the online store Viaweb, one of the first web applications, and later the venture capital funding firm Y Combinator, both with Paul Graham, Jessica Livingston and Trevor Blackwell.

He later joined the faculty in the department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he received tenure in 2006. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2019.

Trevor Blackwell
Trevor Blackwell (born 4 November 1969, in Canada) is a Canadian-American computer programmer, engineer, entrepreneur and roboticist based in England.

Blackwell is a developer of humanoid robots. Blackwell is the founder and former CEO of Anybots and a partner at Y Combinator.
Little Dunmow
Little Dunmow is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. It lies in the valley of the River Chelmer about 3 miles (4.8 km) east-southeast of the town of Great Dunmow. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 436.

The Flitch Way, a linear country park along the route of the old Braintree to Bishop's Stortford railway, links Little Dunmow and the new settlement of Flitch Green, which was formerly in the parish of Little Dunmow but became a separate parish in 2009.

Uttlesford
Uttlesford is a local government district in Essex, England. Its council is based in the town of Saffron Walden. The district also includes the town of Great Dunmow and numerous villages, including Stansted Mountfitchet, Takeley, Elsenham,  Thaxted, and Newport. The district covers a largely rural area in the north-west of Essex. London Stansted Airport lies within the district.

The neighbouring districts are Braintree, Chelmsford, Epping Forest, East Hertfordshire, North Hertfordshire and South Cambridgeshire.
Ewu
Ewu is a Nigerian town situated in Esan Central Local Government Area in the Edo State of Nigeria. The city, an Esan tribe, lies on 200 feet in the plateau region of central Edo State, 100 kilometres north of Benin City, the capital of Edo State, Nigeria.

Ewu city comprises the communities of Eguare-Ewu, Ehanlen-Ewu, Ihenwen-Ewu, Uzogholo-Ewu, Ukhiodo-Ewu, Idunwele-Ewu, Eko-Ojeme, Oghodogbor, and Ukpeko Ori. Ewu is bounded in the north by Agbede, in the south-east by Irrua, in the south-west by Ekpoma.

Benin City
Benin City serves as the capital and largest metropolitan centre of Edo State, situated in southern Nigeria. It ranks as the fourth-most populous city in Nigeria, according to the 2006 national census, preceded by Lagos, Kano, and Ibadan.