hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John C. Grady
John Cadwalader Grady (October 8, 1847 – March 5, 1916) was an American lawyer and politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 7th district from 1877 to 1903 including as President Pro Tempore from 1887 to 1890.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Huang Yihang
Huang Yihang (simplified Chinese: 黄一航; traditional Chinese: 黃一航; pinyin: Huáng Yīháng; born May 30, 2002) is a Chinese pair skater. With his skating partner Zhang Jiaxuan, he is the 2024 Chinese national champion, the 2024–25 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and a two-time ISU Junior Grand Prix gold medalist.

With former skating partner, Wang Yuchen, he is the 2020 Cup of China silver medalist, the 2020 Chinese junior national champion, and placed in the top eight at the 2020 World Junior Championships.

2020 Chinese Figure Skating Championships
The 2020 Chinese Figure Skating Championships (Chinese: 2019/2020年度全国花样滑冰锦标赛) were held from September 14–16, 2019 in Changchun, Jilin. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior and junior levels.

Athletes will compete again at the 2020 National Winter Games held in February in Inner Mongolia.
Maha bint Mishari Al Saud
Maha bint Mishari Al Saud (Arabic: مها بنت مشاري بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود) is an academic at Alfaisal University's College of Medicine and a physician at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. She is a member of the Saudi royal family, one of the grandchildren of Saudi's founder King Abdulaziz.

King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre
The King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (Arabic: مستشفى الملك فيصل التخصصي ومركز الأبحاث) (KFSHRC) is a non-profit tertiary healthcare institution headquartered in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Antonis Giorgallidis
Antonis Giorgallidis (Greek: Αντώνης Γιωργαλλίδης; born January 30, 1982, in Cyprus) is a Cypriot retired football goalkeeper who played for the Cypriot National Team. He also played for six years for Anorthosis and one year for Platanias in Greece. On 21 April 2014, Antonis Giorgallidis returned to Omonia and signed a two-year contract.

Anorthosis Famagusta FC
Anorthosis Famagusta (Greek: Ανόρθωση Αμμοχώστου, romanized: Anorthosi Ammochostou) is a Cypriot football club, part of the Famagusta multi-sport club founded in 1911 in Varosha, Famagusta.

Anorthosis was one of the founding clubs of the Cyprus Football Association in 1934. After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, they were forced to relocate to Larnaca where they now play their home matches at the Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium. The club's original stadium, GSE, has been abandoned since 1974 and is in poor condition.

One of the most successful clubs in Cypriot football, Anorthosis have won 13 National Championships, 11 cups and 6 Super Cups. Anorthosis is one of three Cypriot clubs never to have been relegated to the second division, was the first Cypriot club to participate in the Champions League group stage, and the second Cypriot club to qualify for the Europa Conference League group stage.
Varizone
Varizone is a fully digital public address system technology developed and produced and by Klotz Digital.

In contrast to traditional public address systems using analogue 70 or 100 volt speaker systems Varizone is a fully digital system that transmits the audio digitally to the speaker, where it is amplified by small, distributed programmable amplifier modules.

The system combines voice evacuation system features with digital public address, intercom, and background music functionality by adjusting the volume for each speaker individually depending on the application.

Constant-voltage speaker system
Constant-voltage speaker systems refer to networks of loudspeakers which are connected to an audio amplifier using step-up and step-down transformers to simplify impedance calculations and to minimize power loss over the speaker cables. They are more appropriately called high-voltage audio distribution systems. The voltage is constant only in the sense that at full power, the voltage in the system does not depend on the number of speakers driven (as long the amplifier's maximum power is not exceeded). Constant-voltage speaker systems are also commonly referred to as 25-, 70-, 70.7-,  100 or 210-volt speaker systems; distributed speaker systems; or high-impedance speaker systems.  In Canada and the US, they are most commonly referred to as 70-volt speakers. In Europe, the 100 V system is the most widespread, with amplifier and speaker products being simply labeled with 100 V.
Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc.
Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc. 688 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2012) is a copyright lawsuit where the court determined if the publication of previously unpublished photographs in a celebrity gossip magazine constitutes fair use. Latin American celebrities singer Noelia Lorenzo and music producer Jorge Reynoso claimed that Maya Publishing Group, LLC and Maya Magazines, Inc. infringed their copyrights by publishing previously unpublished photos of their secret wedding in their celebrity gossip magazine "TVNotas".

Noelia
Noelia Lorenzo (née Monge; born August 31, 1979) mostly known as Noelia, is a Puerto Rican and Mexican singer, songwriter and entrepreneur who rose to fame in 1999.

Her self-titled debut album was certified as a RIAA gold album in the United States. During her career, she has had 10 Latin Billboard top 40 hits and five top 40 Billboard Dance/Club Play Songs chart hits. She is a Latin Billboard Award winner.
Nottinghamshire Oaks
The Nottinghamshire Oaks is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to mares and fillies aged four years or older.
It is run at Nottingham over a distance of 1 mile 2 furlongs and 50 yards (2,057 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late April.

The race was run as the Warwickshire Oaks at Warwick over 11 furlongs between 2006 and 2013.
It was run at Nottingham in 2014 after a horse had been killed in an accident at a Warwick flat meeting in May.
The race was moved permanently, and renamed, from 2015 after Warwick had closed for flat racing. Prior to 2021 the race was run in late May or early June.

Nottingham Racecourse
Nottingham Racecourse is a thoroughbred horse racing venue located in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England. It is situated at Colwick Park, close to the River Trent and about 3 km east of the city centre.
Panzer AG
Panzer AG is the name of an aggrotech/industrial rock side-project by Norwegian Andy LaPlegua, the founder of futurepop band Icon of Coil. Formed in 2004, Panzer AG's sound combines Power noise, Industrial, Trance, Rock and other genres to create a caustic but danceable form of music.

Electro-industrial
Electro-industrial is a subgenre of post-industrial music that emerged in the early 1980s. It was originally pioneered by acts such as Front 242, Cabaret Voltaire, Front Line Assembly, Klinik, Numb, as well as groups from Canada, United States and the Benelux.

Other influential acts included Canadian band Skinny Puppy, who signed to label Nettwerk, which served as a central hub that helped proliferate the style. By the early 1990s, electro-industrial spawned the dark electro genre, and later the aggrotech offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.
Sindhi clothing
Sindhi clothing are a part of the Sindhi culture. Sindhi women and men wear the Shalwar Qameez or the Kurta with Pyjama. Women also wear Sari or ghagra. However, before the adoption of the Shalwar kameez, kurta, the Sari as well as other articles of clothing, Sindhis had their own traditional costumes.

Pajamas
Pajamas (American English) or pyjamas (Commonwealth English), sometimes colloquially shortened to PJs, jammies, jim-jams, or in South Asia, night suits, are several related types of clothing worn as nightwear or while lounging. Pajamas are soft garments derived from the Indian and Iranian bottom-wear, the pyjamas, which were adopted in the Western world as nightwear.
Dynamite!! 2010
Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!! 2009, with the official commentator Nozomi Sasaki, the event aired on TBS in Japan and HDNet in North America.

Dream (mixed martial arts)
Dream (styled DREAM in capitals) was a Japanese mixed martial arts (MMA) organization promoted by former PRIDE FC executives and K-1 promoter Fighting and Entertainment Group (FEG).

Dream replaced FEG's previous-run mixed martial arts fight series, Hero's. It retained many of the stylistic flourishes and personnel from Pride FC broadcasts, including fight introducer Lenne Hardt.

They promoted over 20 shows highlighting Japanese and international talent, establishing or enhancing the careers of fighters such as Shinya Aoki, Gesias Cavalcante, Tatsuya Kawajiri, Ronaldo Jacaré, Eddie Alvarez, Jason Miller, Kazushi Sakuraba, Gegard Mousasi and Alistair Overeem.

Dream became defunct as FEG went bankupt in 2012, ending with a final New Year's Eve event later that year. In 2015, most of the old personnel from both Pride FC and Dream founded Rizin Fighting Federation as a successor.
IRAP PhD Program
International relativistic astrophysics PhD program, or IRAP PhD program is the international joint doctorate program in relativistic astrophysics initiated and co-sponsored by ICRANet. During 2010-2017 IRAP PhD takes part in the Erasmus Mundus program of the European Commission. For the first time in Europe the IRAP PhD program grants a joint PhD degree among the participating institutions.

Erasmus Mundus
The European Union's Erasmus Mundus programme (named after Erasmus, the Renaissance scholar) aims to enhance quality in higher education through scholarships and academic co-operation between the EU and the rest of the world. The three main objectives of the programme are linked to the internationalisation of students, staff, curricula and research; ensure an influence on the development of practice in Special Education Needs and inclusive education; and to develop international collaborative networks, projects and research.

Erasmus Mundus comprises three actions:

Joint programmes

Partnerships

Attractiveness projects
Palmitoleoylation
Palmitoleoylation is type of protein lipidation where the monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid is covalently attached to serine or threonine residues of proteins. Palmitoleoylation appears to play a significant role in trafficking and targeting and function of Wnt proteins.

O-Palmitoleoylation of Wnt proteins is catalysed by PORCN. The inverse reaction is done by NOTUM.

Protein targeting
Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside the cell. Proteins can be targeted to the inner space of an organelle, different intracellular membranes, the plasma membrane, or to the exterior of the cell via secretion. Information contained in the protein itself directs this delivery process. Correct sorting is crucial for the cell; errors or dysfunction in sorting have been linked to multiple diseases.
Mitoshiro Kofun
The Mitoshiro Kofun (御年代古墳)  is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Hongō neighborhood of the city of Mihara, Hiroshima in the San'yō region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1933.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
Megarian school
The Megarian school of philosophy, which flourished in the 4th century BC, was founded by Euclides of Megara, one of the pupils of Socrates. Its ethical teachings were derived from Socrates, recognizing a single good, which was apparently combined with the Eleatic doctrine of Unity. Some of Euclides' successors developed logic to such an extent that they became a separate school, known as the Dialectical school. Their work on modal logic, logical conditionals, and propositional logic played an important role in the development of logic in antiquity.

Material conditional
The material conditional (also known as material implication) is a binary operation commonly used in logic. When the conditional symbol  is interpreted as material implication, a formula  is true unless  is true and  is false.

Material implication is used in all the basic systems of classical logic as well as some nonclassical logics. It is assumed as a model of correct conditional reasoning within mathematics and serves as the basis for commands in many programming languages. However, many logics replace material implication with other operators such as the strict conditional and the variably strict conditional. Due to the paradoxes of material implication and related problems, material implication is not generally considered a viable analysis of conditional sentences in natural language.
Vermont Air National Guard
The Vermont Air National Guard (VT ANG) is the aerial militia of the State of Vermont, United States of America. It is a reserve of the United States Air Force and  along with the Vermont Army National Guard  an element of the Vermont National Guard of the larger United States National Guard Bureau. The 158th Fighter Wing is its sole unit. It is under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Vermont through the office of the Vermont Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Vermont Air National Guard is headquartered at Burlington Air National Guard Base. As of 2019, the Vermont Air National Guard is the first Air National Guard unit to be assigned the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II.

National Guard Bureau
The National Guard Bureau (NGB) is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the National Guard established by the United States Congress as a joint bureau of the Department of the Army and the Department of the Air Force. It was created by the Militia Act of 1903. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, elevated the National Guard to a joint function of the Department of Defense. The 2007 NDAA, from the previous year, elevated the chief of the National Guard Bureau from a lieutenant general to a four-star general.
Ritu Rani
Ritu Rani (born 29 December 1991) is an Indian former field hockey player, who represented the India women's national field hockey team. She also served as the captain of the national team. She plays as a halfback. Rani has led the team to medal winning performances most notably the bronze at the 2014 Asian Games. Also under her captaincy the team qualified for the Olympics after 36 years after finishing fifth in the 2014–15 Women's FIH Hockey World League Semifinals.

2014–15 Women's FIH Hockey World League Semifinals
The 2014–15 Women's FIH Hockey World League Semifinals took place in June and July 2015. A total of 20 teams competed in 2 events in this round of the tournament playing for 7 berths in the Final, played between 21 and 29 November 2015 in Rosario, Argentina.

This round also served as a qualifier for the 2016 Summer Olympics as the 7 highest placed teams apart from the five continental champions qualified.
M. Justin Herman
M. Justin Herman (August 4, 1909 – August 30, 1971) was an American public administrator. From 1951 to 1959, he was head of the regional office of the Housing and Home Finance Agency in San Francisco, California.: 18  From 1959 until his death in 1971, he was the Executive Director of the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency. Under his administration, large areas of the city were redeveloped; thousands of residents, many of them poor and non-white, were forced to leave their homes and businesses.: 132

San Francisco Redevelopment Agency
The San Francisco Redevelopment Agency (SFRA) was an urban renewal agency active from 1948 until 2012, with purpose to improve the urban landscape through "redesign, redevelopment, and rehabilitation" of specific areas of the city.

SFRA demolished over 14,000 housing units in San Francisco between 1948 and 1976, claiming the agency was working on slum clearance and addressing urban "blight". They replaced the demolished units with newly built affordable housing, but was only able to replace a portion. It was succeeded by the San Francisco Office of Community Investment and Infrastructure (OCII).
Crossed product
In mathematics, a crossed product
is a basic method of constructing a new von Neumann algebra from 
a von Neumann algebra acted on by a group. It is related to 
the semidirect product construction for groups. (Roughly speaking, crossed product is the expected structure for a group ring of a semidirect product group. Therefore crossed products have a ring theory aspect also. This article concentrates on an important case, where they appear in functional analysis.)

Group ring
In algebra, a group ring is a free module and at the same time a ring, constructed in a natural way from any given ring and any given group. As a free module, its ring of scalars is the given ring, and its basis is the set of elements of the given group. As a ring, its addition law is that of the free module and its multiplication extends "by linearity" the given group law on the basis. Less formally, a group ring is a generalization of a given group, by attaching to each element of the group a "weighting factor" from a given ring.

If the ring is commutative then the group ring is also referred to as a group algebra, for it is indeed an algebra over the given ring. A group algebra over a field has a further structure of a Hopf algebra; in this case, it is thus called a group Hopf algebra.

The apparatus of group rings is especially useful in the theory of group representations.
Mark Weir
Mark Weir (19 September 1967) is an English retired mixed martial artist usually fighting in the middleweight division at 185 lbs. He has fought in the UFC, the WEC, PRIDE, Cage Rage, UCMMA, Pancrase, and BodogFIGHT. He is the former Cage Rage British Middleweight Champion.

World Extreme Cagefighting
World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) was an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion founded in 2001. It was purchased by Zuffa, LLC, the parent company of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), in 2006.  In its final incarnation, it was made up of 3 weight classes: 135 lb (61 kg), 145 lb (66 kg) and 155 lb (70 kg). To accommodate the smaller fighters, WEC's cage was 25 feet (7.6 m) in diameter—5 feet (1.5 m) smaller than the standard UFC cage.  The smaller cage is now used by UFC for selected events.
Yixing ware
Yixing clay (simplified Chinese: 宜兴泥; traditional Chinese: 宜興泥; pinyin: Yíxīng ní; Wade–Giles: I-Hsing ni) is a type of clay from the region near the city of Yixing in Jiangsu Province, China, used in Chinese pottery since the Song dynasty (960–1279) when Yixing clay was first mined around China's Lake Tai. From the 17th century on, Yixing wares were commonly exported to Europe. The finished stoneware, which is used for teaware and other small items, is usually red or brown in colour. Also known as zisha (宜興紫砂) ware, they are typically left unglazed and use clays that are very cohesive and can form coils, slabs and most commonly slip casts. These clays can also be formed by throwing. The best known wares made from Yixing clay are Yixing clay teapots, tea pets, and other teaware.

Slip casting
Slip casting, or slipcasting, is a ceramic forming technique, and is widely used in industry and by craft potters to make ceramic forms. This technique is typically used to form complicated shapes like figurative ceramics that would be difficult to be reproduced by hand or other forming techniques. The technique involves a clay body slip, usually prepared in a blunger, being poured into plaster moulds and allowed to form a layer, the cast, on the internal walls of the mould.

It is suited for the consistent and precise shaping of complex shapes. It is the standard shaping technique for sanitaryware, such as toilets and basins, and is commonly used for smaller pieces like figurines and teapots.
The Don CeSar
The Don CeSar is a hotel located in St. Pete Beach, Florida. Developed by Thomas Rowe and opened in 1928, it gained renown as the Gulf playground for America's pampered rich at the height of the Jazz Age. The hotel was designed by Henry H. Dupont. The Don CeSar is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

National Trust for Historic Preservation
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America’s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy.
2010–11 in Spanish football
The 2010–11 season was the 107th season of competitive football in Spain.

The season began on 8 August 2010 for the Copa Federación, 25 August 2010 for the Copa del Rey and 28 August for La Liga and the other three divisions. The season ended on 21 May 2011 for La Liga, on 18 June 2011 for Segunda División and on 26 June for the other two divisions.

2010–11 Copa del Rey
The 2010–11 Copa del Rey was the 109th staging of the Copa del Rey (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The competition began on 21 August 2010 and ended on 20 April 2011 with the final, held at the Estadio Mestalla in Valencia, in which Real Madrid lifted the trophy for the eighteenth time in their history with a 1–0 victory over Barcelona in extra time. Sevilla were the defending champions, but they were defeated by Real Madrid in the semi-finals.
Sakae Station (Okayama)
Sakae Station (栄駅, Sakae-eki) is a train station in the city of Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. It is on the Mizushima Main Line, operated by the Mizushima Rinkai Railway. Currently, all services stop at this station.

Mizushima Main Line
Mizushima Main Line (水島本線, Mizushima-honsen) is a 11.2 km railway line owned by the Mizushima Rinkai Railway, serving Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The line branches southward from the San'yō Main Line, owned by JR West, at Kurashiki-shi Station, ending in the industrial district of Mizushima.

Originally an industrial railway for the military in Mizushima, passenger services began in 1948. The line switched hands three times before being owned and operated by the Mizushima Rinkai Railway.