hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
OHCHR report on 2024 protests in Bangladesh
The OHCHR Fact-Finding Report: Human Rights Violations and Abuses related to the Protests of July and August 2024 in Bangladesh was prepared by the UN fact-finding team on Bangladesh. It is the result of an independent investigation by Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) into human rights violations that occurred in the country between 1 July and 15 August 2024. The investigation focused on the government's handling of the July Revolution during this period, including allegations of extrajudicial killings, arbitrary arrests, detention and torture and the suppression of free speech. The mission sought to gather facts, identify responsible parties and propose recommendations to prevent future violations.

United Nations fact-finding mission
A United Nations fact-finding mission, also called a United Nations commission of inquiry, is a United Nations mission carried out with the intention to discover facts. Fact-finding missions have been sent by the UN to a number of conflict areas over the past 50 years, on a case-by-case basis. There are legal and political parameters for fact-finding, which provide a basis for a more comprehensive use of this tool, particularly by the Secretary-General.
Gallery of Montparnasse
The Gallery of Montparnasse (French: Galerie du Montparnasse) is a public contemporary art gallery in Paris, France. Located in the Montparnasse area, it is run by the city council of the 14th arrondissement of Paris. The gallery was the first to introduce abstract expressionism in France in the 1940s, exhibiting famous artists such as de Kooning, Picabia or Pollock.

Willem de Kooning
Willem de Kooning (/də ˈkuːnɪŋ/ də KOO-ning, Dutch: [ˈʋɪləm də ˈkoːnɪŋ]; April 24, 1904 – March 19, 1997) was a Dutch-American abstract expressionist artist. Born in Rotterdam, in the Netherlands, he moved to the United States in 1926, becoming a U.S. citizen in 1962. In 1943, he married painter Elaine Fried.

In the years after World War II, De Kooning painted in a style that came to be referred to as abstract expressionism or "action painting", and was part of a group of artists that came to be known as the New York School. Other painters in this group included Jackson Pollock, Elaine de Kooning, Lee Krasner, Franz Kline, Arshile Gorky, Mark Rothko, Hans Hofmann, John Ferren, Nell Blaine, Conrad Marca-Relli, James Brooks, Adolph Gottlieb, Jack Tworkov, Norman Lewis, Anne Ryan, Robert Motherwell, Philip Guston, Clyfford Still, and Richard Pousette-Dart. De Kooning's retrospective held at MoMA in 2011–2012 rendered him one of the best-known artists of the 20th century.
IRiver H10 series
The H10 is a series of portable audio players developed by iRiver, coming in multiple capacities and sizes. The player first went on sale in South Korea in December 2004 and rolled out internationally soon afterwards. The H10 series are hard disk based players coming in a 20 gigabyte form, along with smaller variants of 5 or 6 gigabytes. All versions come with a colour screen as well as voice recording and FM radio. Unlike most other iRiver products, the H10 series does not play Ogg Vorbis. However, the device works well with the Rockbox alternative firmware which does play Ogg Vorbis.

Rockbox
Rockbox is a free and open-source software replacement for the OEM firmware in various forms of digital audio players (DAPs) with an original kernel. It offers an alternative to the player's operating system, in many cases without removing the original firmware, which provides a plug-in architecture for adding various enhancements and functions. Enhancements include personal digital assistant (PDA) functions, applications, utilities, and games. Rockbox can also retrofit video playback functions on players first released in mid-2000. Rockbox includes a voice-driven user-interface suitable for operation by visually impaired users.

Rockbox runs on a wide variety of devices with very different hardware abilities: from early Archos players with 1-bit character cell-based displays, to modern players with high resolution color displays, digital optical audio hardware and advanced recording abilities.
Battle of Sand Butte
The Battle of Sand Butte between the Modoc Indians and the United States Army was a part of the Modoc War in California. On April 26, 1873, a force of ~70 Army soldiers and ~12 Warm Springs Indians scouts went looking for a group of Modoc who had escaped a previous assault attempt by the Army. Mid-day, the Army and Warm Springs Indians were ambushed at the base of Sand Butte, and nearly wiped out by 20 Modoc warriors. The Modoc victory lead to further public calls for their extermination.

Modoc people
The Modoc are an Indigenous American people who historically lived in the area which is now northeastern California and central Southern Oregon. Currently, they include two federally recognized tribes, the Klamath Tribes in Oregon and the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma, now known as the Modoc Nation.
Margaret of Ravensberg
Margaret of Ravensberg (c. 1320 – 13 February 1389) was the daughter and heiress of Otto IV, Count of Ravensberg and Margaret of Berg-Windeck.

Margaret's father, Otto, had no sons, so at his death in 1328, the County of Ravensberg went to his younger brother Bernhard.  However, when Bernhard died in 1346 without issue, Margaret became the heiress of Ravensberg, her elder sister and only sibling, Hedwig, having died in 1336.  Then, when Margaret's uncle, Adolf IX of Berg, died in 1348 without issue, Margaret also inherited Berg by right of her mother, since Margaret was Adolf's only surviving niece.

As a result of her marriage to Gerhard VI of Jülich, Berg and Ravensberg passed into the house of Jülich where they remained until 1511 when they passed into the house of Cleves.

County of Ravensberg
The County of Ravensberg (German: Grafschaft Ravensberg) was a historical county of the Holy Roman Empire. Its territory was in present-day eastern Westphalia, Germany, at the foot of the Osning or Teutoburg Forest.
Luke Arscott
Luke Arscott (born 7 July 1984 in Plymouth, Devon) is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the RFU Championship.

His position of choice is as a full-back. He previously played for Plymouth Albion in National League 1, before joining Bristol for the 2006–07 season. In February 2010, Arscott extended his contract at Bristol  However, he signed for Exeter Chiefs in June 2010, following Bristol's loss (to Exeter Chiefs) in the Championship final.

Arscott first started playing rugby for Devonport Services RFC in Plymouth before joining the Exeter Chiefs colts teams in 2000. He made his first team debut for Exeter Chiefs as a replacement in 2002. He went on to make four further appearances that season before joining Plymouth Albion.

On 3 June 2014 Luke joined Bath Rugby after leaving Exeter Chiefs. He was subsequently on loan from Bath Rugby to Bristol Rugby for the 2015–2016 season and rejoined Bristol on a permanent basis in the summer of 2016 on a 1-year contract.

Bristol Bears
Bristol Bears (officially Bristol Rugby Club or Bristol Rugby) are a professional men's rugby union club based in Bristol, England.  They play in the Gallagher PREM, England's top division of rugby.

The club was founded as "Bristol Football Club" in 1888; between 1921 and 2014, home matches were played at the Memorial Ground, and have since been played at Ashton Gate Stadium in the south-west of the city.  The current head coach Pat Lam was appointed in 2017.  In the 2024–25 season Bristol finished 4th, losing in the play off semi-finals, entitling them to compete in the 2025-26 European Rugby Champions Cup.

In 2018, the club rebranded as "Bristol Bears"; between 2001 and 2005 the club were known as "Bristol Shoguns" due to a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi.

Bristol won the 1983 John Player Cup and have also won England's second division four times, most recently in 2017–18. In 2019–2020, Bristol won The European Challenge Cup for the first time.
2025 Premier Lacrosse League season
The 2025 Premier Lacrosse League season was the 7th season of the Premier Lacrosse League (PLL). The regular season began on May 30 and ran through August 9. The playoffs ran from August 22 through September 14. The New York Atlas defeated the Denver Outlaws 14–13 in the championship game.

Premier Lacrosse League
The Premier Lacrosse League (PLL) is a professional field lacrosse league in the United States. The league comprises eight teams. Its inaugural season debuted on June 1, 2019, and included a 14-week tour-based schedule taking place in 12 major-market cities. The league was founded by the American professional lacrosse player Paul Rabil and his brother Mike Rabil. Investors include the Chernin Group, the Raine Group and Joseph Tsai.
Infundibulicybe mediterranea
Infundibulicybe mediterranea is a species of mushroom-forming fungus that was first scientifically described in 2011. It is characterized by its funnel-shaped, dark chestnut to brown cap, white decurrent gills, and tear-shaped spores that contain several oil droplets. This edible fungus grows on leaf litter and humus beneath broadleaf trees, especially cork oak and holm oak, often forming arc patterns or small tufts. Originally found in Sardinia (Italy), it has been recorded across the Mediterranean region including southern France, Corsica, Morocco, and Cyprus.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Olympia Odos
Olympia Odos is a toll motorway system on the Peloponnese in Greece. Starting from Eleusis in the Athens metropolitan area, the Olympia Odos motorways follow the Gulf of Corinth to the Rio–Antirrio bridge and the city of Patras, and along the Ionian Sea coastline, in future down to Tsakona (near Meligalas) in the southwestern Peloponnese where it will intersect with the A7 motorway.

Olympia Odos consists of two motorways:

The A8 (Athens – Patras), constructed in 1962–1973 as National Road 8α. During the 1990s the Elefsina – Corinth section was upgraded to motorway standards. The Corinth – Patras upgrade to motorway standards was completed in April 2017.

The southern part of the A5 (Patras – Pyrgos), which passes by the namesake ancient city of Olympia. This motorway is currently under construction.

The 210 km (130 mi) motorway is a toll-road linking Athens to Patras and, in the future, will extend a further 163 km to Tsakona in the south-west of the Peloponnese.

Elefsina
Elefsina (Greek: Ελευσίνα, romanized: Elefsína) or Eleusis (/ɛˈljuːsɪs/ eh-LEW-siss; Ancient Greek: Ἐλευσίς, romanized: Eleusís) is a suburban city and a municipality within the Athens metropolitan area in Attica, Greece. It is located in the Thriasio Plain, at the northernmost end of the Saronic Gulf, in the regional unit of West Attica. North of Elefsina are the towns of Mandra and Magoula, while Aspropyrgos is to the northeast.

It is the site of the Eleusinian Mysteries and the birthplace of Aeschylus.  Today, Elefsina is a major industrial centre, with the largest oil refinery in Greece as well as the home of the Aeschylia Festival, the longest-lived arts event in the Attica Region. On 11 November 2016, Elefsina was named the European Capital of Culture for 2021, which became effective in 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic postponement.
1998 in Fighting Network Rings
The year 1998 is the fourth year in the history of Fighting Network Rings, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan. In 1998 Fighting Network Rings held nine events beginning with, Rings: Battle Dimensions Tournament 1997 Final.

Fighting Network Rings
Fighting Network Rings, trademarked as RINGS, is a Japanese combat sport promotion that has lived three distinct periods: shoot style puroresu promotion from its inauguration to 1995, mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion from 1995 to its 2002 disestablishment, and a revived MMA promotion from 2008 onward.
Marjorie Sherlock
Marjorie Sherlock (1897-1973) was a British painter and etcher. Three books of her etchings were published between 1925 and 1932. Her painting Liverpool Street Station, now in the Government Art Collection, was first shown at the Royal Academy in 1917 and in 1987 was at 10 Downing Street when Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

She studied at the Westminster Technical Institute, a pupil of Walter Sickert and Harold Gilman; at the Slade School of Fine Art; and the Royal College of Art. In Paris, she studied and worked with André Dunoyer de Segonzac and André Lhote. She was influenced by the Camden Town Group. Her works were exhibited at the Royal Academy for 50 years. She was a friend and travelling companion of Orovida Pissarro, the daughter of Lucien Pissarro.

Lucien Pissarro
Lucien Pissarro (20 February 1863 – 10 July 1944) was a French landscape painter, printmaker, wood engraver, designer, and printer of fine books. His landscape paintings employ techniques of Impressionism and Neo-Impressionism, but he also exhibited with Les XX. Apart from his landscapes, he painted a few still lifes and family portraits. Until 1890 he worked in France, but thereafter was based in Great Britain. He was the oldest son of the French Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro and his wife Julie (née Vellay).
Eburna lienardii
Eburna lienardii, previously known as Ancilla lienardii (during the 20th century) and commonly known as Lienardi's ancilla, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ancillariidae. It occurs in the Western Atlantic. In the past, it belonged to the Olividae, within the subfamily Ancillinae Cossmann, 1899.

Ancillariidae
The Ancillariidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Olivoidea. They are gastropods, which belong to the larger group of mollusks. This family is part of the superfamily Cypraeoidea, which includes cowries, a well-known group of sea snails.
Union Turnpike (New York)
Union Turnpike is a thoroughfare stretching across part of Long Island in southern New York state, mostly within central and eastern Queens in New York City. It runs from the Jackie Robinson Parkway in Glendale, Queens to Marcus Avenue in North New Hyde Park, Nassau County, about 1 mile (1.6 km) outside the New York City border.

Union Turnpike from Myrtle Avenue to the Nassau County border is 9.2 miles (15 km) long. The turnpike crosses into Nassau County at the city's easternmost point on Langdale Street, two blocks past the city's highest-numbered street (271st Street). North of the turnpike at this point is Glen Oaks and south of it is Floral Park. It then enters the hamlet of North New Hyde Park.

Glendale, Queens
Glendale is a neighborhood in the west-central portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It is bounded by Forest Hills to the east, Ridgewood to the west, Woodhaven to the south, and Middle Village to the north.

Glendale was built on a swampy area previously called Fresh Pond. The neighborhood was later developed into an industrial area, though it is now a more residential neighborhood. Glendale's land area is long on its east-west axis and narrow on its north-south axis. The area is surrounded mainly by cemeteries, although the neighborhood also contains several large parks, including part of Forest Park.

Glendale is located in Queens Community District 5 and its ZIP Code is 11385. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 104th Precinct. Politically, Glendale is represented by the New York City Council's 30th District.
Waldsieversdorf
Waldsieversdorf is a municipality in the district Märkisch-Oderland of Brandenburg (a Land of the Federal Republic of Germany). As a government-recognized health and holiday resort, Waldsieversdorf is a part of the administrative division Amt Märkische Schweiz, of which Buckow is the seat of regional administration.

Buckow
Buckow (German pronunciation: [ˈbʊkoː] or [ˈbuːkoː] ⓘ; Polish: Buków) is a town in the Märkisch-Oderland district, in Brandenburg, Germany. The water cure resort is the administrative seat of the Amt (municipal association) Märkische Schweiz and located in the centre of the eponymous hill range, which has been part of the Märkische Schweiz Nature Park protected area since 1990.
Huaridelphis
Huaridelphis is an extinct genus of river dolphins from the Early Miocene (Deseadan to Friasian in the SALMA classification). The type species is H. raimondii, found in the Chilcatay Formation of the Pisco Basin.

Chilcatay Formation
The Chilcatay Formation is a geologic formation located in Peru. The formation was deposited in the Pisco Basin, during the Early Miocene, roughly from 19.2 to 18.0 Ma. Fossil remains of baleen whales, sharks, and rays have been found in the formation.
Henri Hekking
Henri Hekking (1902/03–1994) was a Dutch medical officer with the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) noted for his service in Japanese prisoner-of-war camps during the Second World War.

Hekking was born and grew up in the Dutch East Indies.  He attended the medical school at Leiden University in the Netherlands before entering service with the KNIL.  He worked in Batavia and then on Celebes.  By the time of the 1941 Japanese invasion Hekking was a captain stationed in Timor.  Captured, he was separated from his wife and shipped to work with other prisoners of war on the Death Railway between Siam and Burma. Hekking was stationed in a camp of American prisoners and used herbalist techniques to treat medical conditions.  He is credited with saving hundreds of lives during his captivity.  After the war he lived in the Netherlands.

Dutch East Indies campaign
The Dutch East Indies campaign of 1941–1942 was the conquest of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) by forces of the Empire of Japan in the early days of the Pacific campaign of World War II. Allied forces attempted unsuccessfully to defend the islands. The East Indies were targeted by the Japanese for their rich oil resources which would become a vital asset during the war. The campaign and subsequent three-and-a-half-year Japanese occupation was also a major factor in the end of Dutch colonial rule in the region.
Italian basketball league system
The Italian basketball league system or Italian basketball league pyramid, is a series of interconnected competitions for professional basketball clubs in Italy. The system has a hierarchical format with a promotion and demotion system between competitions at different levels. There are currently nine different competitions on the pyramid: the 1st-tier Lega Basket Serie A (LBA), the 2nd-tier Serie A2 Basket, the 3rd-tier Serie B Basket, the 4th-tier Serie C Gold Basket, the 5th-tier Serie C Regionale, the 6th-tier Serie D Regionale, the 7th-tier Promozione, the 8th-tier Prima Divisione, and the 9th-tier Seconda Divisione.

League system
A league system is a hierarchy of leagues in a sport. They are often called pyramids, due to their tendency to split into an increasing number of regional divisions further down the system. League systems of some sort are used in many sports in many countries.
Delray Rawlins
Delray Millard Wendell Rawlins (born 14 September 1997) is a Bermudian cricketer who captains the Bermuda national cricket team and also played for Sussex in English county cricket.

Rawlins made his senior debut for Bermuda at the age of 15 in 2013. He also played for the England under-19 cricket team, qualifying by attending an English boarding school. On 14 April 2017, he made his first-class cricket debut for Sussex in the 2017 County Championship. On 19 May 2017, he made his List A debut for Sussex during South Africa's tour of England.

England under-19 cricket team
The England Under-19 cricket team represents England and Wales in international cricket,  have been playing official Under-19 Test matches since 1974. Prior to 1991/92 they were known as England Young Cricketers.

Former captains include Mike Atherton, Michael Vaughan, Alastair Cook and Andrew Flintoff, who have all gone on to captain the senior national team in Test matches after playing for this team.
Lim Teck Yin
Lim Teck Yin PPA(P) PPA(E) (Chinese: 林德仁; pinyin: Lín Dérén; born 24 December 1962) is a Singaporean public servant and former brigadier-general who served as the chief executive officer of Sport Singapore from 2011 - 2023.

Throughout his career, Lim has been involved in competitive sports as he sought to further his primary job in the army. Lim is also a former national water polo player with seven Southeast Asian Games medals, and a recipient of the Singapore National Olympic Council Team of the Year Award for 1986, 1989 and 1991.

Lim was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Military) (Silver) in 2006, and the Public Administration Medal (Gold) in 2015 for his contributions to Singapore's sports sector.

Pingat Pentadbiran Awam
The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (English: Public Administration Medal) is a Singaporean decoration instituted in 1963 and has three grades:

Emas (Gold)

Perak (Silver)

Gangsa (Bronze)

The medal may be awarded to any of the following persons for outstanding efficiency, competence and industry:

any person who is or has been a public officer.

any person who is or has been an officer employed by any statutory authority (other than a Town Council).

any person who is or has been in the service of any organisation, association or body rendering services in the field of education.

any person who is or has been employed in any company which is wholly owned by the Government and which is carrying on business mainly as an agent or instrumentality of the Government.

Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PPA, and may include the grade in brackets - e.g.: PPA(E).

The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (Tentera) is the Singapore Armed Forces equivalent award.
Jakob Sporrenberg
Jakob Sporrenberg (16 September 1902 – 6 December 1952) was a German Nazi Party politician and member of the SS. He rose to the rank of SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei and held several major commands. During the Second World War, he was the SS and Police Leader (SSPF) in Minsk and in Lublin. He was responsible for overseeing and implementing Operation Harvest Festival, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 40,000 to 43,000 Jews. After the war, Sporrenberg stood trial in Poland, was convicted in 1950 of war crimes and sentenced to death. He was executed in December 1952.

Gruppenführer
Gruppenführer ([ˈɡʁʊpm̩fyːʁɐ], lit. 'Group leader') was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), first created in 1925 as a senior rank of the SA. Since then, the term Gruppenführer is also used for leaders of groups/teams of the police, fire departments, military and several other organizations.