hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Integrated geography
Integrated geography (also referred to as integrative geography, environmental geography or human–environment geography) is where the branches of human geography and physical geography overlap to describe and explain the spatial aspects of interactions between human individuals or societies and their natural environment, these interactions being called coupled human–environment system.

Human geography
Human geography, also known as anthropogeography, is a branch of geography that studies how people interact with places. It focuses on the spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, people, lifestyle and their environments.  Examples include patterns like urban sprawl and urban redevelopment. It looks at how social interactions connect with the environment using both qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical) methods. This multidisciplinary field draws from sociology, anthropology, economics, and environmental science, helping build a more complete understanding of how human activity shapes the spaces we live in.
Anza, California
Anza is a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, in the Anza Valley, a semi-arid region at a mean elevation of 3,921 feet (1,195 m) above sea level. It is located 13 miles (21 km) south of Idyllwild, 32 miles (51 km) east-northeast of Temecula, 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Palm Springs, and 90 miles (140 km) northeast of San Diego, being traversed by State Route 371.  Anza is on the Pacific Crest Trail and the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail.  The population was 3,075 at the 2020 census.

Locally, Anza and several other mountain communities (including Garner Valley, Idyllwild, Pinyon Pines and Aguanga) are collectively referred to as "the Hill."

The ZIP code is 92539, and the community is inside area code 951.

Idyllwild–Pine Cove, California
Idyllwild, Pine Cove, and Fern Valley are three adjacent unincorporated communities in the San Jacinto Mountains in Riverside County, California, United States. Idyllwild has the largest population of the three. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Idyllwild–Pine Cove as a census-designated place (CDP). The CDP's population was 4,163 at the 2020 census, up from 3,874 at the 2010 census.

Idyllwild is adjacent to the Pacific Crest Trail.

"Mile-high Idyllwild" is a mountain resort about one-mile (1,600 m) in altitude. Idyllwild is flanked by two large rock formations, Tahquitz Peak  and Suicide Rock, which are famous in Southern California rock-climbing circles. It offers no skiing, so "the Hill" has been minimally developed over the years and remains a center for hiking, mountain and rock climbing, mountain biking, and horseback riding.
Congeneric reliability
In statistical models applied to psychometrics, congeneric reliability  ("rho C")  a single-administration test score reliability (i.e., the reliability of persons over items holding occasion fixed) coefficient, commonly referred to as composite reliability, construct reliability, and coefficient omega. 
 is a structural equation model (SEM)-based reliability coefficients and is obtained from a unidimensional model. 
 is the second most commonly used reliability factor after Cronbach's alpha), and is often recommended as its alternative.

Cronbach's alpha
Cronbach's alpha (Cronbach's ) or coefficient alpha (coefficient ), is a reliability coefficient and a measure of the internal consistency of tests and measures. It was devised by the American psychometrician Lee Cronbach. Today it enjoys such wide-spread usage that numerous studies warn against using Cronbach's alpha uncritically.
Marianela Salazar
Marianela Salazar Guillén (born c. 1978), is a Panamanian model and beauty pageant contestant. She is the winner of the title Señorita Panamá-Miss Asia Pacific 1999 in the contest Señorita Panamá 1999 and first Runner-Up in the Miss Asia Pacific 2000.

Señorita Panamá
The Señorita Panamá is a national beauty pageant in Panama. As of the 2024 edition, Señorita Panamá winners represent Panamá in Miss Universe. The Miss Panama brand started in 1952, when the Panamanian Institute of Tourism received an invitation from Miss Universe to send a representative. In 1975, the Señorita Panamá name was used for the first time, reverting to Miss Panama in 1976.  In 1982, Señorita Panamá was created by RPC Channel 4 as an alternative to send its winners to the Miss World contest in London. These pageants, along with smaller pageants such as Miss International Panamá and Miss World Panamá celebrated to select delegates for international representations.
Michelozzo
Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi (Italian: [mikeˈlɔttso di bartoloˈmɛːo mikeˈlɔttsi]; c. 1396 – 7 October 1472), known mononymously as Michelozzo, was an Italian architect and sculptor. Considered one of the great pioneers of architecture during the Renaissance, Michelozzo was a favored Medici architect who was extensively employed by Cosimo de' Medici. He was a pupil of Lorenzo Ghiberti in his early years, and later collaborated with Donatello.

Known primarily for designing Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence, he is often overshadowed by his contemporaries Donatello in sculpture and Brunelleschi in architecture.

Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo di ser Brunellesco di Lippo Lapi (1377 – 15 April 1446), commonly known as Filippo Brunelleschi (/ˌbruːnəˈlɛski/ BROO-nə-LESK-ee; Italian: [fiˈlippo brunelˈleski]) and also nicknamed Pippo by Leon Battista Alberti, was an Italian architect, designer, goldsmith, and sculptor. He is considered to be a founding father of Renaissance architecture. He is recognized as the first modern engineer, planner, and sole construction supervisor. In 1421, Brunelleschi became the first person to receive a patent in the Western world. He is most famous for designing the dome of the Florence Cathedral, and for the mathematical technique of linear perspective in art which governed pictorial depictions of space until the late 19th century and influenced the rise of modern science. His accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering, and ship design. Most surviving works can be found in Florence.
Orange Belt Stages
Orange Belt Stages was a bus company based in Visalia, California, affiliated with the Trailways Transportation System. The company was incorporated on November 30, 1935, and operated scheduled service in California as well as charter services. The company ceased operations in 2020 as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism.

Trailways Transportation System
The Trailways Transportation System is a public transport bus service  in the United States. It operates a network of approximately 70 independent bus companies. The company is headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia.
Pnei Kedem
Pnei Kedem (Hebrew: פְּנֵי קֶדֶם) is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. It is located next to the Palestinian city of Si'ir and is formally connected to the Israeli settlement of Metzad, in the southeastern part of the Gush Etzion settlement bloc, in the eastern Judean Mountains facing Nahal Arugot (Arugot Stream). Pnei Kedem stands at an elevation of 930 metres above sea level, 14.5 km east of the Green Line, on the Palestinian side of the Separation Barrier.

The international community considers all Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, illegal under international law.

Metzad
Metzad (Hebrew: מיצד), also known as Asfar (אַסְפָר), is an Israeli settlement organised as a community settlement in the Gush Etzion settlement bloc in the West Bank.  Established as by ultra-orthodox Jews in 1984, it is located south of Bethlehem in the eastern Judean Mountains, 14.5 km from the Green Line, outside the Separation Barrier. In January 2022 its population was 1110, up 35% from five years earlier. It falls under the municipal jurisdiction of the Gush Etzion Regional Council.
2013 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes
The 2013 Black-Eyed Susan Stakes was the 89th running of the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes. The race took place on May 17, 2013, and was televised in the United States on the NBC Sports Network. Ridden by jockey Joel Rosario, Fiftyshadesofhay won the race by a scant neck over runner-up Marathon Lady. Approximate post time on the Friday evening before the Preakness Stakes was 4:47 p.m. Eastern Time. The Maryland Jockey Club raised the purse to $500,000 for the 89th running. This made The Black-Eyed-Susan Stakes the third highest payout for a race restricted to three-year-old fillies. The race was run over a fast track in a final time of 1:52.73.  The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 39,957. The attendance at Pimlico Race Course that day was a record crowd for Black-Eyed Susan Stakes Day.

George E. Mitchell Black-Eyed Susan Stakes
The George E. Mitchell Black-Eyed Susan Stakes (known as the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes from 1952 through 2019 and first run as the Pimlico Oaks) is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies run over a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles on the dirt  annually at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. The event currently offers a purse of $300,000.
Dreger Clock
The Dreger Clock is a large town clock with 19 different dials and displays which tell the local (California) time, the time in 12 international cities (New York, Liverpool, Paris, Berlin, Saint Petersburg, Melbourne, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Rome and Mexico City), the phase of the moon, the date and the day of the week. It was built between 1928 and 1933 by Andrew Dreger, Sr., a German immigrant to the United States, who was a blacksmith and watchmaker. The clock stood in front of his home in Long Beach, California for almost 20 years, until his death. It was then moved to Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California, where it remained for over 50 years. The clock underwent restoration during 2008 and 2009 and on September 25, 2009, the clock was installed in the Buena Park Historical District in front of the Whitaker-Jaynes house.

Buena Park, California
Buena Park (BWAY-nuh; buena, Spanish for "good") is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census its population was 84,034. It is the location of several tourist attractions, including Knott's Berry Farm. It is about 12 miles (19 km) northwest of downtown Santa Ana, the county seat, and is within the Los Angeles metropolitan area.
Agaonidae
The family Agaonidae is a group of pollinating fig wasps. They spend their larval stage inside the fruits of figs. The pollinating wasps (Agaoninae, Kradibiinae, and Tetrapusiinae) are the mutualistic partners of the fig trees. Extinct forms from the Eocene and Miocene are nearly identical to modern forms, suggesting that the niche has been stable over geologic time.

Females emerge from ripe figs and fly to another fig tree with developing syconia (which contain the flowers). They enter the syconium via the ostiole, pollinate the flowers, and lay their eggs in some of the ovules. The ovules containing eggs develop into galls that support the growth of the wasp larvae. Prior to the final ripening of the fig, wingless males emerge from the galls they developed in. The males enter the galls of their winged sibling females, mate with them and die within the fruit. The newly hatched females then make their way out of the fruit continuing this cycle.

Tetrapus
Tetrapus is a genus of fig wasp native to the Americas.  Fig wasps have an obligate mutualism with the fig species they pollinate.  Tetrapus pollinates figs in the subgenus Pharmacosycea.

Tetrapus appears to be the sole genus of the subfamily Tetrapusiinae and a basal clade among the fig-pollinating wasps.

The genus is estimated to be 87.5 million years old using cytochrome oxidase nucleotide sequences, and more than 34.5 million years old based on a fossil from Florissant, Colorado in the United States.
2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the state of Iowa, one from each of the state's four congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including governor of Iowa and United States Senate. Primary elections were held on June 4, 2014. As no candidate won more than 35% of the vote in the 3rd district Republican primary, that nomination was decided at a party convention on June 21.

2014 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 2014 Iowa gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 2014. Republican incumbent Terry Branstad ran for reelection to a sixth overall and second consecutive four-year term. Branstad went on to win a historic sixth term as governor by defeating Democratic challenger and State Senator Jack Hatch, and on December 14, 2015, he became the longest-serving governor in American history. He won 59.1% of the popular vote to Hatch's 37.3%, and carried every county in the state except Johnson, home to Iowa City and the University of Iowa. This was one of the nine Republican-held governorships up for election in a state that Barack Obama won in the 2012 presidential election.
PineTab
The PineTab is a low-cost tablet computer developed by Hong Kong–based computer manufacturer Pine64. The PineTab was announced in May 2020, with shipping beginning in September 2020. It is based on the platform of the existing Pine A64 single board computer, with the platform being used in related devices, such as the Pinebook and PinePhone.

PinePhone
The PinePhone is a smartphone developed by Hong Kong–based computer manufacturer Pine64, designed to provide users with full control over the device. This is achieved through the use of mainline Linux-based mobile operating systems, assembly of the phone using screws, and facilitating simplified disassembly for repairs and upgrades. The 2G-4GLTE modem, GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and both cameras can be physically switched off. The PinePhone currently ships with the Manjaro Linux operating system using the Plasma Mobile graphic interface, although previously other distributions were shipped, which can still be installed by users.
Tennessee State Route 163
State Route 163 (SR 163) is an east-west state highway in McMinn and Polk counties of East Tennessee. It connects Calhoun and Delano, along with serving as the main access road between Interstate 75 (I-75) and Calhoun.

Interstate 75 in Tennessee
Interstate 75 (I-75) in the US state of Tennessee runs from Chattanooga to Jellico by way of Knoxville. I-75 enters the East Tennessee region from Georgia, following the Tennessee Valley all the way through Knoxville to near Rocky Top, then climbs into the Cumberland Mountains before crossing over into Kentucky at Jellico.

Of the six states that I-75 traverses, the segment in Tennessee is the shortest, at 161.86 miles (260.49 km). Between Chattanooga and Knoxville, I-75 follows the route of U.S. Route 11 (US 11), and, from Knoxville into Kentucky, it follows the route of US 25W. Beginning in Chattanooga, I-75 follows the route of US 41 for the rest of the length to its southern terminus in Miami, Florida.
Sphodrias
Sphodrias (Greek: Σφοδρίας) (d. 371 BC) was a Spartan general during the Spartan Hegemony over Greece. As governor of Thespiai in 378 BC, he made an unsuccessful attack against Athens without any order from Sparta. He was put on trial for this act, but unexpectedly acquitted, thanks to the support of the two Spartan kings, Cleombrotus I and Agesilaus II. This acquittal greatly upset Athens which rapidly concluded an alliance with Thebes against Sparta as a result.

Sphodrias later died at the battle of Leuctra against Thebes in 371 BC.

Cleombrotus I
Cleombrotus I (Greek: Κλεόμβροτος Kleombrotos; died 6 July 371 BC) was a Spartan king of the Agiad line, reigning from 380 BC until 371 BC. Little is known of Cleombrotus' early life.  Son of Pausanias, he became king of Sparta after the death of his brother Agesipolis I in 380 BC, and led the allied Spartan-Peloponnesian army against the Thebans under Epaminondas in the Battle of Leuctra. His death and the utter defeat of his army led to the end of Spartan dominance in ancient Greece. Cleombrotus was succeeded by his son Agesipolis II. His other son was Cleomenes II.

Many historians cite Cleombrotus as having pro-Theban tendencies, unlike his fellow king, Agesilaus II. He was blamed for the humiliating defeat at Leuctra by his contemporaries for being biased towards the enemy, though some modern historians do not believe that he was actually pro-Theban. He was the first Spartan king to die in battle since Leonidas at the Battle of Thermopylae.
M. Butterfly (film)
M. Butterfly is a 1993 American romantic drama film directed by David Cronenberg and written by David Henry Hwang based on his 1988 play. The film stars Jeremy Irons and John Lone, with Ian Richardson, Barbara Sukowa, and Annabel Leventon. The story is loosely based on true events which involved French diplomat Bernard Boursicot and Chinese opera singer Shi Pei Pu.

M. Butterfly
M. Butterfly is a play by David Henry Hwang. The story, while entwined with that of the opera Madama Butterfly, is based most directly on the relationship between French diplomat Bernard Boursicot and Shi Pei Pu, a Beijing opera singer. The play premiered on Broadway in 1988 and won the 1988 Tony Award for Best Play. In addition to this, it was a Pulitzer Prize for Drama finalist in 1989.
Democratic and Social Action
The Democratic and Social Action (French: Action démocratique et sociale, ADS) was a French parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies of France during the French Third Republic between 1928 and 1932. The group was formed by the right-wing (bourgeois and industrialist wing according to André Siegfried) of the Democratic Republican Alliance, later Democratic Alliance. A number of ADS deputies were formerly members of the most left-wing faction of the Republican Federation, the main conservative party in France which they had left due to the Federation's evolution to the right.

The ADS was resurrected in 1949 by members of the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR) who joined the Gaullist Rally of the French People (RPF).

Republican Federation
The Republican Federation (French: Fédération républicaine, FR) was the largest conservative party during the French Third Republic, gathering together the Progressive Republicans and the Orléanists rallied to the Republic.

Founded in November 1903, the party competed with the more secular and centrist Alliance démocratique (Democratic Alliance). Later, most deputies of the Fédération républicaine and of Action libérale (which included Catholics rallied to the Republic) joined the Entente républicaine démocratique right-wing parliamentary group.
Wolseleyidea
Wolseleyidea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. It consists of six species. The genus was established in 2019 based on DNA analysis that showed these species form a distinct evolutionary lineage separate from the related genus Phyllopsora. Species are characterised by thin, granular thalli with a distinctive reddish-brown prothallus border, small brown disc-shaped fruiting bodies, and a chemical profile that includes methyl 2,7-dichloropsoromate and related compounds. The genus is named in honour of the British lichenologist Pat Wolseley for her contributions to tropical lichen taxonomy, and its species grow primarily on bark in montane and coastal rainforests across the Americas and other tropical regions.

Phyllopsora
Phyllopsora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.

The characteristics of a fossilized Phyllopsora, P. dominicana, found in Dominican amber, suggests that the main distinguishing features of the genus have remained unchanged for tens of millions of years.
Lok Fu
Lok Fu (Chinese: 樂富; Cantonese Yale: Lohk Fu) is a place in Wong Tai Sin District, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is located to the east of Kowloon Tsai, the west of Wong Tai Sin and the north of Kowloon City. It geographically includes nearby Wang Tau Hom.

Wong Tai Sin, Hong Kong
Wong Tai Sin is an area in Wong Tai Sin District, New Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area was named after the Wong Tai Sin Temple.

The area was previously known as Chuk Yuen or Chuk Un, prior to the intake of two Wong Tai Sin Estates. The populace of the estates, the prosperity of Wong Tai Sin Temple and the completion of Wong Tai Sin MTR station gradually eclipses its former name.
Wilma Alanoca
Antonia Wilma Alanoca Mamani (born 5 July 1978) is a Bolivian journalist, politician, and television presenter who served as minister of cultures and tourism from 2017 to 2019. A member of the Movement for Socialism, she previously served an El Alto municipal councilor from 2015 to 2017, a position she returned to in 2021.

Ministry of Cultures (Bolivia)
The Ministry of Cultures, Decolonization, and Depatriarchalization (Spanish: Ministerio de Culturas, Descolonización, y Despatriarcalización) is the ministry of the government of Bolivia that provides for the preservation and protection of the cultures and artistic expressions of the indigenous peoples of Bolivia as well as promotes the country's tourism sector and process of decolonization and depatriarchalization.
Clovis Transit
Clovis Transit is the public transportation agency which provides fixed intra-city routes (branded Clovis Transit Stageline) and dial-a-ride service (as Clovis Transit Round Up) for Clovis, the second-largest city in Fresno County, California after the neighboring city and county seat, Fresno. Public transportation in Clovis was provided by Fresno Area Express (FAX) until 1979–80, when Clovis began developing its own transportation services. Stageline riders can transfer to FAX, which provides service connecting to Fresno.

Fresno Area Express
Fresno Area Express (FAX) is a public transportation operator in Fresno, California. As of August 2025, the system had 19 routes, over 100 buses, and over 1,600 bus stops. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 10,476,400, or about 40,100 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025. FAX fixed routes run as far south as Malaga to Valley Children's Hospital in the north. Lines also run as far east as Fowler Avenue and as far west as Hayes Avenue near Highway 99 in western Fresno.

FAX has paratransit operations called Handy Ride, operated by a private contractor. FAX offers free transfers as well as wheelchair lifts and bike racks on all buses.
Te Awaatu Channel (The Gut) Marine Reserve
Te Awaatu Channel (The Gut) Marine Reserve is a marine reserve covering an area of 93 hectares (230 acres) in Fiordland on New Zealand's South Island. It was established in 1993 and is administered by the Department of Conservation.

It is the smallest marine reserve in Fiordland and one of the oldest.

Marine reserves of New Zealand
New Zealand has 44 marine reserves (as of August 2020) that are spread around the North, the South Island, and neighbouring islands, and on outlying island groups. They are governed by the Marine Reserves Act 1971 and administered by the Department of Conservation with assistance from the Ministry for Primary Industries (formally the Ministry of Fisheries), New Zealand Customs Service and the New Zealand Defence Forces.