hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Language model
A language model is a computational model  that predicts sequences in natural language. Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, including speech recognition, machine translation, natural language generation (generating more human-like text), optical character recognition, route optimization, handwriting recognition, grammar induction, and information retrieval.

Large language models (LLMs), currently their most advanced form as of 2019, are predominantly based on transformers trained on larger datasets (frequently using texts scraped from the public internet). They have superseded recurrent neural network-based models, which had previously superseded the purely statistical models, such as the word n-gram language model.

Word n-gram language model
A word n-gram language model is a statistical model of language which calculates the probability of the next word in a sequence from a fixed size window of previous words. If one previous word is considered, it is a bigram model; if two words, a trigram model; if n − 1 words, an n-gram model.

Special tokens are introduced to denote the start and end of a sentence  and . To prevent a zero probability being assigned to unseen words, the probability of each seen word is slightly lowered to make room for the unseen words in a given corpus. To achieve this, various smoothing methods are used, from simple "add-one" smoothing (assigning a count of 1 to unseen n-grams, as an uninformative prior) to more sophisticated techniques, such as Good–Turing discounting or back-off models.

Word n-gram models have largely been superseded by recurrent neural network–based models, which in turn have been superseded by Transformer-based models often referred to as large language models.
1966 NCAA University Division baseball tournament
The 1966 NCAA University Division baseball tournament was played at the end of the 1966 NCAA University Division baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball.  The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its twentieth year.  Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative.  These events would later become known as regionals.  Each district had its own format for selecting teams, resulting in 29 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament.  The twentieth tournament's champion was Ohio State, coached by Marty Karow.  The Most Outstanding Player was Steve Arlin of Ohio State.

1966 Ohio State Buckeyes baseball team
The 1966 Ohio State Buckeyes baseball team represented Ohio State University in the 1966 NCAA University Division baseball season. The team was coached by Marty Karow in his 16th season at Ohio State.

The Buckeyes won the College World Series, defeating the Oklahoma State Cowboys in the championship game.
Paul Ronty
Paul Ronty (July 12, 1928 – April 22, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre.  Ronty started his National Hockey League career with the Boston Bruins in 1947.  He also played for the New York Rangers and Montreal Canadiens.  He retired after the 1955 season.  Three times during his career, he finished sixth in league scoring.

Ronty died on April 22, 2020, in Newton, Massachusetts, at the age of 91.

1954–55 NHL season
The 1954–55 NHL season was the 38th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams played 70 games each. The Detroit Red Wings were the Stanley Cup champions as they defeated the Montreal Canadiens four games to three in the best-of-seven final series. The Canadiens were without star forward Maurice 'Rocket' Richard who had been suspended for the playoffs, a suspension which led to the March 17, 1955 "Richard Riot" in Montreal.
2010–11 NBB season
The 2010–11 NBB season was the third season of Novo Basquete Brasil, the Brazilian basketball league. It started on October 29, 2010, and was disputed by fourteen teams playing each other in round and runoff in the regular season. The NBB serves as a qualifying competition for international tournaments such as FIBA Americas League, Liga Sudamericana and Torneo InterLigas. As in the second edition, in the third edition of NBB, also named NBB 3, At the end of the regular season the first four teams qualify for the quarterfinals of the playoffs automatically now the team who finish between 5° and 12° positions will participate in the first round of the playoffs o define the other four teams in the quarterfinals.

Franca Basquetebol Clube
Franca Basquetebol Clube (English: Franca Basketball Club), most known as Franca, or Sesi Franca for sponsorship reasons, is a Brazilian men's professional basketball club that is based in Franca, São Paulo state.Franca is the most decorated team in Brazilian basketball history, having won 13 national championships.

The club was founded on 10 May 1959, and home games are played at the Ginásio Pedrocão. Franca won the South American Club Championship six times, the Pan American Championship four times, and has won the FIBA Intercontinental Cup in 2023.
2014 Washington Huskies football team
The 2014 Washington Huskies football team represented the University of Washington in the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Their head coach was Chris Petersen, in his first year at UW after eight seasons as head coach at Boise State. Washington was a member of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference and the Huskies played their home games on campus at Husky Stadium, in the University District of Seattle. They finished the season 8–6, 4–5 in Pac-12 play to finish in third place in the North Division. They were invited to the Cactus Bowl where they lost to Oklahoma State.

2014 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team
The 2014 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma State University in the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cowboys were led by tenth-year head coach, Mike Gundy, and played their home games at Boone Pickens Stadium in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They are a charter member of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 7–6, 4–5 in Big 12 play to place seventh. They were invited to the Cactus Bowl where they defeated Washington.
Southeast Resource Development Council
The Southeast Resource Development Council (SERDC) is a tribal council in eastern Manitoba, Canada, representing 8 First Nation communities located to the south and east of Lake Winnipeg.

Seven of the eight band governments of SERDC are signatories to Treaty 5, with one (Brokenhead) being a signatory to Treaty 1.

Brokenhead Ojibway Nation
Brokenhead Ojibway Nation (BON, Ojibwe: Baaskaandibewi-ziibiing, meaning at the brokenhead River) is an Anishinaabe (Saulteaux/Ojibwa) First Nation located approximately 64 kilometres (40 mi) northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba.

The main reserve of Brokenhead 4 is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of St. Clements, except for a small lakeshore on Lake Winnipeg.
Museum of Literature and Theater Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Museum of Literature and Theater Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Muzej književnosti i pozorišnih umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine) is a literary art museum in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was established under the name Museum of Literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1961 on the idea of then curator of literary collections in the Museum of Sarajevo, writer Razija Handžić, the future director. In 1970, the Theater Department was founded and added to the Museum of Literature.

The idea was conceived around 1955, and gained traction when prominent writer and future Nobel Prize in Literature laureate, Ivo Andrić, decided that the original manuscript of his novel The Bridge on the Drina be kept in Sarajevo. The museum is located in the Baščaršija neighborhood in the heart of Sarajevo, in the older of two Despić family house, built in the middle of the 19th century, and whose members donated it to City of Sarajevo.

Despić House
Despić House (Serbo-Croatian: Despića kuća, Деспића кућа) is an old merchant house in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina that was established in 1881 by one of the wealthiest and most prominent Serb families in Sarajevo. It is a branch of the Museum of Sarajevo.
Marc Saumier
Marc Saumier (born April 18, 1967) is a Canadian former ice hockey player. He won the Michel Brière Memorial Trophy as the Most Valuable Player in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League for his outstanding play with the Hull Olympiques during the 1987–88 QMJHL season.

1987–88 QMJHL season
The 1987–88 QMJHL season was the 19th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. Ten teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Patrice Lefebvre of the Shawinigan Cataractes becomes the last player in Canadian Hockey League history to record a 200-point season. The Hull Olympiques finished first overall in the regular season, winning their second Jean Rougeau Trophy, and won their second President's Cup, defeating the Drummondville Voltigeurs in the finals.
2008–09 SIJHL season
The 2008–09 SIJHL season is the 8th season of the Superior International Junior Hockey League (SIJHL). The six teams of the SIJHL will play 50-game schedules.

Come February, the top teams of the league will play down for the Bill Salonen Cup, the SIJHL championship.  The winner of the Bill Salonen Cup will compete in the Central Canadian Junior "A" championship, the Dudley Hewitt Cup.  If successful against the winners of the Ontario Junior Hockey League and Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League, the champion would then move on to play in the Canadian Junior Hockey League championship, the 2009 Royal Bank Cup.

Sioux Lookout Bombers
The Sioux Lookout Bombers is a junior ice hockey franchise of the Superior International Junior Hockey League (SIJHL) based in Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada. It debuted as an expansion franchise in the 2022–23 SIJHL season.
1957 Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1957 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 21st edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, on Tuesday, January 1. Part of the 1956–57 bowl game season, it matched the independent and eighth-ranked Syracuse Orangemen and No. 14 TCU Horned Frogs of the Southwest Conference (SWC). Favored TCU held on to win by a point, 28–27.

1956 TCU Horned Frogs football team
The 1956 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1956 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 8–3 overall and 5–1 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his fourth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Cotton Bowl Classic where they won against Syracuse by a score of 28–27.

Following the 1955 season, TCU expanded Amon G. Carter stadium with the addition of a two-level press box and upper deck area. The upper deck area introduced a large, block-letter stylization of the TCU logo on the seats, which measured approximately 60' x 120' feet in design. The design is visible to the opposing stands, as well as to planes descending into the DFW International Airport. Upon completion of the expansion, the official seating capacity of the stadium was raised from 37,000 to 46,083.
Henry Panion
Henry Panion, III is an American composer, arranger, conductor, educator, and Professor in the Department of Music at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Panion has produced, arranged  and conducted for a number of noted artists, such as Stevie Wonder, The Winans, Chet Atkins, Ellis Marsalis, Jr. with the SuperJazz Big Band, Eugenia Zukerman, Aretha Franklin, The Blind Boys of Alabama, Chaka Khan, the Lionel Hampton Orchestra, and American Idol winners Carrie Underwood and Ruben Studdard.

Panion founded the UAB Recording Studio, where award-winning recordings by such groups as the UAB Gospel Choir and the UAB Jazz Ensemble have been produced.

Panion received the Civic and Cultural Advancement Award from the Congressional Black Caucus Sept. 25, 2009 at the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center in Washington, D.C.source

Ellis Marsalis Jr.
Ellis Louis Marsalis Jr. (November 14, 1934 – April 1, 2020) was an American jazz pianist and educator. Active since the late 1940s, Marsalis came to greater attention in the 1980s and 1990s as the patriarch of the Marsalis musical family, when sons Branford and Wynton became popular jazz musicians.
Hassan Dahir Afqurac
Hassan Dahir Mohamoud 'Afqurac' (Somali Xasan Daahir Maxamuud Af-Qurac; d. January 21, 2013 Arabic حسن طاهر محمود افقرع) was a former Vice President of Puntland from 8 January 2005 to 8 January 2009 and was succeeded by Abdisamad Ali Shire. In 2013, he died of liver disease in Nairobi.

Abdisamad Ali Shire
Abdisamad Ali Shire (Somali: Cabdisamad Cali Shiire, Arabic: عبد الصمد علي شيري) was a Somali politician and military officer who served as the Vice President of Puntland from January 8, 2009, to January 8, 2014.
1955 NFL season
The 1955 NFL season was the 36th regular season of the National Football League. NBC paid $100,000 to replace DuMont as the national television network for the NFL Championship Game. The season ended when the Cleveland Browns defeated the Los Angeles Rams 38–14 in the title game.

1955 Los Angeles Rams season
The 1955 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 18th year with the National Football League and the tenth season in Los Angeles. The Rams won the Western Conference title and hosted the NFL championship game, but lost to the Cleveland Browns, 38–14.

The Rams did not reach another NFL title game until 24 years later, in Super Bowl XIV in January 1980.
Manish Khanna (air marshal)
Air Marshal Manish Khanna, UYSM, AVSM, VM is a serving officer of the Indian Air Force. He is currently serving as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Air Command. He was previously serving as the Senior Air Staff Officer, South Western Air Command.

Vayu Sena Medal
The Vayu Sena Medal (lit. 'Air Force Medal') is a military decoration, usually awarded in peacetime for a job well done in the Indian Air Force. However, it has been granted during times of conflict for acts of gallantry in the face of enemy, though not in the same numbers as the Vir Chakra.

Posthumous awards may be made and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Vayu Sena Medal.

The VM was established on 17 June 1960 by the President of India and awards have been made from 1961 onwards. Awards over the past decade or more have been classified into two categories. One is Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) and the other for Vayu Sena Medal (Devotion to Duty).
Design 414N tankers
414N Russian: 414Н is a river tank ship class, developed in Russia in 1962. The class 414 is one of the classes of the SPN ship project.
These tankers have capacity of 600 tons and are used for oil transportation on the superficial rivers of Siberia (basically Lena River).

Tanker (ship)
A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk.  Major types of tanker ship include the oil tanker (or petroleum tanker), the chemical tanker, cargo ships, and a gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, citrus juice, molasses, and wine.

In the United States Navy and Military Sealift Command, a tanker used to refuel other ships is called an oiler (or replenishment oiler if it can also supply dry stores) but many other navies use the terms tanker and replenishment tanker.

Tankers were first developed in the late 19th century as iron and steel hulls and pumping systems were developed. As of 2005, there were just over 4,000 tankers and supertankers 10,000 LT DWT or greater operating worldwide.
2004 Air Force Falcons football team
The 2004 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW) during the 2004 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by 21st-year head coach Fisher DeBerry, the Falcons compiled an overall record of 5–6 with a mark of 3–4 in conference play, placing in a three-way tie for fourth in the MW. The team played home games at Falcon Stadium in Colorado Springs, Colorado

Falcon Stadium
Falcon Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in the western United States, on the campus of the U.S. Air Force Academy near Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is the home field of the Air Force Falcons football and lacrosse teams of the Mountain West Conference, and also holds the academy's graduation ceremonies each spring.
2022 North Dakota State Bison baseball team
The 2022 North Dakota State Bison baseball team represented North Dakota State University during the 2022 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Bison played their home games at Newman Outdoor Field adjacent to NDSU's campus. The team was coached by Tyler Oakes in his 1st season as head coach at NDSU. Oakes had been associated with NDSU Baseball since December 2013. The Bison claimed their first Summit League Regular season title during the season, winning every conference series played.
The Bison entered the Summit League tournament as the No. 1 overall seed. They lost to Omaha to start the tournament, then beat South Dakota State to advance to the semifinals, before falling to Omaha yet again to be eliminated from the tournament. NDSU finished the season with a 31-19 record and a 17-5 record in the Summit League, the second of which is their best for the program since entering Division I.

Tyler Oakes
Tyler Oakes (born November 8, 1986) is an American college baseball coach, head coach of the NCAA Division I Summit League's North Dakota State Bison. He was the pitching coach, recruiting coordinator and associate head coach at North Dakota State from 2014 to 2021. Prior to North Dakota State, Oakes was an assistant for South Dakota State and Minnesota.
XPInstall
XPInstall (Cross-Platform Install) was a technology used by the Mozilla Application Suite, SeaMonkey, Mozilla Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird and other XUL-based applications for installing Mozilla extensions that add functionality to the main application. Support for XPInstall was removed from Firefox in November 2017 with the release of Firefox 57.

Add-on (Mozilla)
For Mozilla software, an add-on is a software component that extends the functionality of the Firefox web browser and related applications – although most are browser extensions. Mozilla provides add-ons to users via its official add-on website.

In 2017, Mozilla enacted major changes to the application programming interface (API) for extensions in Firefox, replacing the long-standing XPCOM-based add-on APIs with the WebExtensions API that is modeled after Google Chrome's API. Thus add-ons that remain compatible with Firefox are now largely compatible with Chrome as well. As of January 2026, there are more than 74,000 add-ons and over 511,000 themes available for Firefox.
2021 Houston Cougars football team
The 2021 Houston Cougars football team represented the University of Houston in the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cougars played their home games at TDECU Stadium in Houston, Texas, competing in the American Athletic Conference. They were led by third-year head coach Dana Holgorsen.

2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the 152nd season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at its highest level of competition, the Football Bowl Subdivision. The regular season began on August 28, 2021, and ended on December 11, 2021. The postseason began on December 17, with the main games ending on January 10, 2022, with the College Football Playoff National Championship at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, and the all-star portion of the post-season concluding with the inaugural HBCU Legacy Bowl on February 19, 2022. It was the eighth season of the College Football Playoff (CFP) system.  It was the first time since 2016 that no major team finished the season undefeated as the Cincinnati Bearcats, the season's last undefeated team, were defeated in the 2021 Cotton Bowl Classic. The season's Heisman Trophy winner was Alabama Crimson Tide quarterback Bryce Young.
2000 Super 12 season
The 2000 Super 12 season was the fifth season of the Super 12, an annual rugby union competition contested by teams from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The season ran from February to May 2000, with each team playing all the others once. At the end of the regular season, the top four teams entered the playoff semi finals, with the first placed team playing the fourth and the second placed team playing the third. The winner of each semi final qualified for the final, which was contested by the Crusaders and the Brumbies at Bruce Stadium, Canberra. The Crusaders won 20–19 to win their third consecutive Super 12 title.

Canberra Stadium
Canberra Stadium, commercially known as GIO Stadium Canberra, is a facility primarily used for rugby league and rugby union games, located adjacent to the Australian Institute of Sport in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is the largest sports venue by capacity in Canberra. The Canberra Stadium was previously known as the Bruce Stadium and the National Athletics Stadium before its current name.
Bjørnør Municipality
Bjørnør is a former municipality in the old Sør-Trøndelag county in Norway. The 865-square-kilometre (334 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until 1892 in what was at that time the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway. It encompassed the area of what is now Osen Municipality and part of Åfjord Municipality, much of the western part of the Fosen peninsula in Trøndelag county. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Roan where Roan Church is located.

Bjørnør Municipality bordered Aafjord Municipality to the south and Nordre Trondhjem county to the north and west. Prior to its dissolution in 1892, the 865-square-kilometre (334 sq mi) municipality had a population of about 4,766.

Åfjord Municipality
Åfjord is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Fosen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Årnes. Other villages in the municipality include Revsnes, Roan, Bessaker, Harsvika, and By. Åfjord is located on the northwestern side of the Fosen peninsula, northwest of the city of Trondheim.

The 1,329-square-kilometre (513 sq mi) municipality is the 74th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Åfjord Municipality is the 197th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,339. The municipality's population density is 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.5/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.6% over the previous 10-year period.
Symphony No. 52 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 52 in C minor is one of the last Sturm und Drang symphonies composed by the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn while the composer was in residence at Esterházy in 1771 or 1772.

It is one of a number of minor-key symphonies that Haydn composed in the late 1760s and early 1770s, the others being Symphonies Nos. 39, 44, 45, and 49. The symphony was described by H. C. Robbins Landon as  "the grandfather of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, also created with mathematical precision and in extreme conciseness."

Symphony No. 45 (Haydn)
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 45 in F♯ minor, known as the "Farewell" Symphony (German: Abschieds-Symphonie; modern orthography: Abschiedssinfonie), is a symphony dated 1772 on the autograph score. A typical performance of the symphony lasts around twenty-five minutes.

The autograph manuscript of the symphony is preserved in the National Széchényi Library in Budapest, and was published in facsimile editions in 1959 (Verlag der Ungarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften) and 2010 (Laaber-Verlag).