hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Damastes (spider)
Damastes is a genus of East African huntsman spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1880. It is classified under the family Sparassidae, though its subfamilial classification remains unclear. The subspecies Damastes coquereli affinis is a nomen dubium.

Eugène Simon
Eugène Louis Simon (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn lwi simɔ̃]; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4,000 species.
Robertson Bay
Robertson Bay (71°25′S 170°00′E﻿ / ﻿71.417°S 170.000°E﻿ / -71.417; 170.000) is a large, roughly triangular bay that indents the north coast of Victoria Land between Cape Barrow and Cape Adare. Discovered in 1841 by Captain James Clark Ross, Royal Navy, who named it for Dr. John Robertson, surgeon on HMS Terror.

Cape Adare
Cape Adare is a prominent cape of black basalt forming the northern tip of the Adare Peninsula and the north-easternmost extremity of Victoria Land, East Antarctica.

It is the site of the first confirmed landing on the Antarctic mainland—undertaken from Antarctic in 1895—and the first base on the Antarctic mainland—established by Southern Cross in 1899. On both occasions an important role was played by Carstens Borchgrevink.
Joseph Garnett Wood
Joseph Garnett Wood (2 September 1900 – 8 December 1959) was an Australian professor of botany and a president of the Royal Society of South Australia.

Wood was born in Adelaide, South Australia and educated at Unley High School, the South Australian School of Mines and Industries and the University of Adelaide, where he was awarded D.Sc. in 1933.

For much of Wood's career, his research was in the areas of stomatal physiology and the biochemistry of native plants under water stress.

Wood contributed reviews on the biochemistry of nitrogen and sulphur metabolism in pasture plants to three international journals: Chronica Botanica in 1942, Annual Review of Biochemistry in 1945 and Annual Review of Plant Physiology in 1953.

Royal Society of South Australia
The Royal Society of South Australia (RSSA) is a learned society whose interest is in science, particularly, but not only, of South Australia. The major aim of the society is the promotion and diffusion of scientific knowledge, particularly in relation to natural sciences. The society was originally the Adelaide Philosophical Society, founded on 10 January 1853. The title "Royal" was granted by Queen Victoria in October 1880 and the society changed its name to its present name at this time. It was incorporated in 1883. It also operates under the banner Science South Australia.
Jens Fønsskov Olsen
Jens Fønsskov Olsen (born 30 May 1975) is a Danish professional football manager and former player who is head coach of FC Nordsjælland in the Danish Superliga. A defender in his playing days, he spent his senior career with NFA in the Danish 2nd Division before moving into coaching in 1999.

Nykøbing FC
Nykøbing FC is a Danish professional association football club based in Nykøbing Falster on Falster. The club competes in Danish 3rd Division, the fourth tier of the Danish football league system, and plays its home games at the Lollands Bank Park.
Daniel Smith (rugby league)
Daniel Smith (born 20 March 1993) is a professional rugby league footballer who last played as a prop and loose forward for Bradford Bulls in the RFL Championship.

Smith is a Leeds Rhinos academy graduate. He previously played for Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, Huddersfield Giants and Castleford Tigers in the Super League, and South Sydney Rabbitohs in the NRL. He has spent time at Oldham, Featherstone Rovers and Halifax Panthers on dual registration from Leeds, Wakefield and Castleford respectively. He has also spent time at Oldham on loan from Huddersfield, and at Featherstone on loan from both Huddersfield and Castleford.

Featherstone Rovers
Featherstone Rovers is a professional rugby league club in Featherstone, West Yorkshire, England. The club last competed in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league, but were not granted RFL membership for the 2026 season due to the club's financial difficulties.

Featherstone Rovers won the League Championship once and Challenge Cup three times.

The club played home games at Post Office Road. Their local rivals were Castleford and Wakefield Trinity, and in the Championship, Halifax. The club's traditional home colours were white with blue hoops.
Wilbur Ware
Wilbur Bernard Ware (September 8, 1923 – September 9, 1979) was an American jazz double bassist. He was a regular bassist for the Riverside record label in the 1950s, and recorded regularly in that decade with Johnny Griffin, Kenny Dorham, Kenny Drew, and Thelonious Monk. He also appeared on records released by J.R. Monterose, Toots Thielemans, Sonny Clark, Tina Brooks, Zoot Sims, Archie Shepp and Grant Green, among others.

Kenny Dorham
McKinley Howard "Kenny" Dorham (August 30, 1924 – December 5, 1972) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and occasional singer. Dorham's talent is frequently lauded by critics and other musicians, but he never received the kind of attention or public recognition from the jazz establishment that many of his peers did. For this reason, writer Gary Giddins said that Dorham's name has become "virtually synonymous with 'underrated'."

Dorham also composed the bossa nova jazz standard "Blue Bossa", which was first recorded by his associate Joe Henderson.
Vinaya Vidheya Rama
Vinaya Vidheya Rama (transl. The Obedient and Loyal Rama) is a 2019 Indian Telugu-language action drama film co-written and directed by Boyapati Srinu and produced by D. V. V. Danayya. The film stars Ram Charan, Vivek Oberoi, Kiara Advani and Prashanth. The music was composed by Devi Sri Prasad. The film revolves around Konidela Ram Charan, an angry young man who sets out to destroy a dictator in Bihar, after the lives of his loved ones are threatened and his elder brother gets killed.

The film was released on 11 January 2019 along with dubbed versions in Tamil and Malayalam. The film was panned by critics and audience alike and ended up a box-office bomb. Following the commercial failure of the film, Charan penned an apology letter to his fans.

Legend (2014 film)
Legend is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by Boyapati Srinu and produced by 14 Reels Entertainment and Varahi Chalana Chitram. The film stars Nandamuri Balakrishna in a dual role, alongside Jagapathi Babu, Sonal Chauhan and Radhika Apte. The music was composed by Devi Sri Prasad, while the cinematography and editing were handled by C. Ram Prasad and Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao

Legend was released on 28 March 2014 worldwide to positive reviews from critics and became the fourth-highest-grossing Telugu film of 2014, grossing over ₹70 crore worldwide. It became the second film to run for over 1000 days in South India.
Passenger Fatty-Seven
"Passenger Fatty-Seven" is the tenth episode of the fifteenth season of the animated sitcom Family Guy, and the 279th episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 8, 2017, and is written by Alex Carter and directed by Greg Colton. The story follows Quagmire flying his friends to San Francisco, and as they go home, they are soon ambushed by a group of Eastern European terrorists hijacking their plane, causing Quagmire to put his ex-Navy piloting skills to the test.

This episode was dedicated in memory of cast member Carrie Fisher, who died on December 27, 2016, after going into cardiac arrest while on a flight to Los Angeles on December 23, 2016. A slide showing her picture with the words "In Loving Memory" on top and "Carrie Fisher 1956–2016" below was shown before the start of the episode.

Glenn Quagmire
Glenn Quagmire, who is usually referred to by his surname, is a fictional character from the American adult animated sitcom Family Guy. He is a neighbor and friend of the Griffin family and is best known for his hypersexuality and his catchphrase, "Giggity Giggity". The show's creator and voice actor Seth MacFarlane describes him as "an appalling human being who is still caught in the Rat Pack era" based on anachronistic 1950s party-animal clichés. The episode "Tiegs for Two" revealed that the surname Quagmire was originally the Polish surname Quagglechek or Quaggleczyk, the suffix -czyk indicating a diminutive in the Polish language.
Hiromi Tsuchida
Hiromi Tsuchida (土田ヒロミ, Tsuchida Hiromi, born 1939) is a Japanese photographer. His creative photo career is over 40 years long. Tsuchida has produced several collections of photographs of the aftermath of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. He has produced many photo books such as Zokushin, Counting Grains of Sand, New Counting Grains of Sand and The Berlin Wall. There is also a retrospective of his life's work titled, Hiromi Tsuchida's Japan. Tsuchida has received the Nobuo Ina Award and the Ken Domon Award.

Domon Ken Award
The Domon Ken Award (土門拳賞, Domon-Ken-shō) is one of Japan's photographic awards.

The award was started in 1981 by the Mainichi Newspapers to mark the 110th birthday of the Mainichi Shimbun, its daily newspaper and main publication, in honor of the photographer Ken Domon. It has been awarded every year since 1982.

The Domon Ken Award is given to a single established photographer for a published book of documentary photographs. Together with sample photographs, an announcement is made in Sunday Mainichi (and previously in Camera Mainichi as well). Award-winning works are shown in the Ginza Nikon Salon and the Domon Ken Photography Museum.

The major rival to this award for attention in the mass media is the Kimura Ihei Award, given annually to one or more newcomers.
Glendale Galleria
The Glendale Galleria is a large three-story regional shopping center and office complex located in downtown Glendale, California, United States. Opened in 1976 with 1,600,000-square-foot (150,000 m2) of retail space, it is the third-largest mall in Los Angeles County after Lakewood Center and Del Amo Fashion Center.

The mall is owned and managed by Brookfield Properties since 2002. It has been consistently ranked as one of the highest-grossing shopping centers in the United States.

The mall features the traditional retailers   Target, Dick's Sporting Goods, JCPenney, Macy's, and Bloomingdale's.

Brookfield Properties
Brookfield Properties is a North American subsidiary of commercial real estate firm Brookfield Property Partners, which itself is a subsidiary of alternative asset management company Brookfield Corporation. It is responsible for the asset management of the company's real estate portfolio, including office, multi-family residential, retail, hospitality, and logistics buildings.

The assets of shopping mall operator GGP were integrated into Brookfield Properties after its acquisition by Brookfield Property Partners in 2018. Brookfield reverted to the GGP brand for its American retail business in 2026, thus, GGP is considered a subsidiary of Brookfield Properties. As of 2024, Brookfield Properties operates corporate offices in nine countries around the world, including China, India, Germany and the U.S.
Oleg Tsaryov
Oleg Anatolyevich Tsaryov (Russian: Олег Анатольевич Царёв; Ukrainian: Олег Анатолійович Царьов, romanized: Oleh Anatoliiovych Tsariov; born 2 June 1970) is a Ukrainian and Russian businessman, politician and former separatist official in eastern Ukraine.

Tsaryov is a former People's Deputy of Ukraine elected for the Party of Regions in 2002, who was expelled from the party on 7 April 2014.

On 26 July 2014, he became the speaker of the Parliament of Novorossiya, a confederation that included the separatist Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics, and served until its dissolution on 18 May 2015. He has been wanted by Ukrainian police since June 2014 for promoting separatism and violence.

Eastern Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine or East Ukraine (Ukrainian: Східна Україна, romanized: Skhidna Ukrayina; Russian: Восточная Украина, romanized: Vostochnaya Ukraina) is primarily the territory of Ukraine east of the Dnipro (or Dnieper) river, particularly Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts (provinces). Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts are often also regarded as "eastern Ukraine".

Almost a third of the country's population lives in the region, which includes several cities with population of around a million. Within Ukraine, the region is the most highly urbanized, particularly portions of central Kharkiv Oblast, south-western Luhansk Oblast, central, northern and eastern areas of Donetsk Oblast.
Richard Butson
Colonel Arthur Richard Cecil Butson, GC, OMM, CD (24 October 1922 – 24 March 2015) was born of British parents in China, and later emigrated to Canada.

A medical student during the Second World War, he then joined the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1946, and for rescuing another Antarctic explorer from a crevasse in 1947 was awarded the Albert Medal, then, with the George Cross, the highest award for civilian gallantry for British and Commonwealth citizens.  Later, all holders of the Albert Medal were invited to exchange that medal for the George Cross.

From 1948 he undertook postgraduate medical research in London before moving to Canada where he continued his medical career, both in civilian practice and with the Canadian Militia.

Canadian Forces' Decoration
The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the governor general of Canada upon their appointment, which includes the title of Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada. The decoration is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service.

The first governor general to receive the CD was Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1951. The medal was initially awarded to all members of the Royal Family who served in the Canadian Forces, even without completion of twelve years of service; this has, however, not been automatic since 1953.
Montreux
Montreux (UK: /mɒ̃ˈtrɜː/, US: /mɒ̃ˈtroʊ/; French: [mɔ̃tʁø] ⓘ; Arpitan: Montrolx) is a Swiss municipality and town on the shoreline of Lake Geneva at the foot of the Alps. It belongs to the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud, having a population of nearly 27,000 with about 85,000 in the Vevey-Montreux agglomeration as of 2019.

Located in the centre of a region named the Vaud or Swiss Riviera (French: Riviera vaudoise), Montreux has been an important tourist destination since the 19th century due to its mild climate. The region includes numerous Belle Époque palaces and hotels near the shores of Lake Geneva. Montreux railway station is a stop on the Simplon Railway and is a mountain railway hub.

Simplon Railway
The Simplon Railway is a line that links Lausanne in Switzerland and Domodossola in Italy, via Brig. The 20 km (12 mi)-long Simplon Tunnel (opened in 1906) is a major part of it. The line between Lausanne and Vallorbe is sometimes considered to form part of the line, making it 233 km (145 mi) long.

Together with the Lötschberg Railway to its north, it forms the second most important trans-Alpine railway line in Switzerland after the Gotthard Railway, which lies to its east and is about 240 km (150 mi) long.

ETCS level 2 is expected to be installed on the line between Lausanne and Brig before 2022.
Guam Shipyard
Guam Shipyard  is a professional association football club that currently plays in the Guam Soccer League in the United States territory of Guam. The team have won three national cups and hold the record for the most league championships.

Guam Soccer League
The Budweiser G-League or formerly Soccer League is the men's top level professional football league of the Guam Football Association in the United States territory of Guam. Previously, the then GSL was divided into Spring and Fall seasons. When the champions of both seasons were different, a one-off match was played to decide the year's overall champion.
Recursively enumerable language
In mathematics, logic and computer science, a formal language is called recursively enumerable (also recognizable, partially decidable, semidecidable, Turing-acceptable or Turing-recognizable) if it is a recursively enumerable subset in the set of all possible words over the alphabet of the language, i.e., if there exists a Turing machine which will enumerate all valid strings of the language.

Recursively enumerable languages are known as type-0 languages in the Chomsky hierarchy of formal languages. All regular, context-free, context-sensitive and recursive languages are recursively enumerable.

The class of all recursively enumerable languages is called RE.

RE (complexity)
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, RE (recursively enumerable) is the class of decision problems for which a 'yes' answer can be verified by a Turing machine in a finite amount of time. Informally, it means that if the answer to a problem instance is 'yes', then there is some procedure that takes finite time to determine this, and this procedure never falsely reports 'yes' when the true answer is 'no'. However, when the true answer is 'no', the procedure is not required to halt; it may go into an "infinite loop" for some 'no' cases. Such a procedure is sometimes called a semi-algorithm, to distinguish it from an algorithm, defined as a complete solution to a decision problem.

Similarly, co-RE is the set of all languages that are complements of a language in RE.  In a sense, co-RE contains languages of which membership can be disproved in a finite amount of time, but proving membership might take forever.
Rigid panel
Rigid panel insulation, also referred to as continuous insulation, can be made from foam plastics such as polyurethane (PUR), polyisocyanurate (PIR), and polystyrene, or from fibrous materials such as fiberglass, rock and slag wool. Rigid panel continuous insulation is often used to provide a thermal break in the building envelope, thus reducing thermal bridging.

Polyisocyanurate
Polyisocyanurate (/ˌpɒlɪˌaɪsoʊsaɪˈænjʊəreɪt/), also referred to as PIR, polyol, or ISO, is a thermoset plastic typically produced as a foam and used as rigid thermal insulation. The starting materials are similar to those used in polyurethane (PUR) except that the proportion of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is higher and a polyester-derived polyol is used in the reaction instead of a polyether polyol. The resulting chemical structure is significantly different, with the isocyanate groups on the MDI trimerising to form isocyanurate groups which the polyols link together, giving a complex polymeric structure.
House demolition in Ethiopia (2019–present)
Many buildings have been demolished by the government of Ethiopia under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed since early 2019, with 12,000 homes planned to be demolished for the purpose of rebuilding smart city. The project was targeted toward Addis Ababa and Oromia, in the towns of Sebeta, Buraryu, Lagatafo Lagadadi, Sululta, Ermojo, and Gelan. Residents have criticized the government demolition, claiming they paid taxes to the government properties, and the government is illegally taking undue advantage to confiscate for the Oromia government.

The house destruction has led to violence and protests in some areas. The Amhara Association of America claims that Oromia authorities have used house demolition to displace, assault and detain ethnic Amharas between 9 January and 31 January 2023.

Galan (town)
Galan  (Oromo: Galaan) is a town located in the Akaki district of the Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfine and 25 km South East from Addis Ababa Addis Ababa-Adama highway crossing galan town.

In 2020 it attracted attention for being the site of the murder of Oromo musician Hachalu Hundessa, whose death sparked a series of intense rioting across Oromia.
George Guthrie (songwriter)
George Guthrie  (born 1842, in Newcastle) moved away from the town eastwards towards the coast, and worked as a blacksmith in Wallsend and Sunderland.

He came to the attention of Joe Wilson, the great Music Hall performer, who said that many of Guthrie’s songs had considerable merit, and were much to be admired.

One of his songs "Heh ye seen wor Cuddy" sung to the tune of  "The King of the Cannibal Islands" appears on page 13 of J. W. Swanston’s The Tyneside Songster and page 518 of Thomas Allan’s illustrated edition of Tyneside Songs and Readings.

J. W. Swanston
J. W. Swanston was a Newcastle printer, and publisher of many chapbooks. The premises were in St Andrews Street, off Gallowgate, quite near what is now St James' Park football stadium, the home of Newcastle United F.C., although this ground was not built until 1892.

Swanston was responsible for the publication and printing of numerous chapbooks, of which one noted version was The Tyneside Songster.

He was also a member of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club.

His published and printed works include :-

Nine Hours’ Movement; A History of the engineers’ strike in Newcastle and Gateshead

Social Science and the Liquor Traffic: The Judgment of Science, of Philanthropy, and of Intellect, an 8-page pamphlet printed in 1870

Several pamphlets for the Northern Reform League for James McKendrick

Several Chapbooks including The Tyneside Songster
Strines railway station
Strines railway station serves the village of Strines and the hamlet of Turf Lea in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England.   Until boundary changes in 1994, the station itself lay over the border in Derbyshire.

New Mills Central railway station
New Mills Central railway station serves the town of New Mills in Derbyshire, England. It is on the Hope Valley Line between Manchester Piccadilly and Sheffield, 12+3⁄4 miles (20.5 km) east of the former. The town is also served by New Mills Newtown station, which is on the Buxton to Stockport and Manchester line.
Uttar, Tank
Uttar is an administrative unit, known as Union council, of Tank District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Tank has 1 Tehsils i.e. Tank. Each tehsil comprises certain numbers of union councils. There are 16 union councils in district Tank.

Tank District
Tank District (Pashto: ټانک ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع ٹانک ṭāṅk; Saraiki: ٹاک ṭāk) is a district in the Dera Ismail Khan Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

The city of Tank is the headquarter of the district, which consists of Union Council City I and Union Council City II. There are sixteen Union councils in the district Tank. Until 1992, Tank was a tehsil within Dera Ismail Khan district.: 1  Tank is bordered with the district of Lakki Marwat in the northeast, Dera Ismail Khan in the east, FR Tank in the north and the South Waziristan district in the west. The temperature of Tank reaches 110–120 °F in summer. However, in the winter, it is normal. People of the mountainous regions of the west usually come to Tank to avoid cold weather and then return during the summer.
Sunehre Din
Sunehre Din (transl. Golden days) is a 1949 Indian Hindi-language romance film directed by Satish Nigam and produced by Madan Lal Mehrotr. The film stars Raj Kapoor, Roop Kamal, Nigar Sultana and Rehana, with Ramesh Sinha, Indumati, Heera, Kamalakant and Mahendra in supporting roles. The soundtrack was composed by Gyan Dutt. The film was based on a story written by Satish Nigam.

Nigar Sultana (actress)
Nigar Sultana (21 June 1932 – 21 April 2000) was an Indian actress who worked in Hindi films. She appeared in Aag (1948), Patanga (1949), Sheesh Mahal (1950), Mirza Ghalib (1954), Yahudi (1958), Do Kaliyaan (1968) but is most notably remembered for playing the role of Bahar Begum in the historical epic film Mughal-e-Azam (1960). She was the wife of filmmaker K. Asif.