hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dental compomer
Dental compomers, also known as polyacid-modified resin composite, are used in dentistry as a filling material. They were introduced in the early 1990s as a hybrid of two other dental materials, dental composites and glass ionomer cement, in an effort to combine their desirable properties: aesthetics for dental composites (they are white and closely mimic tooth tissue, so can camouflage into a tooth very well) and the fluoride releasing ability for glass ionomer cements (helps to prevent further tooth decay).

Dental material
Dental products are specially fabricated materials, designed for use in dentistry. There are many different types of dental products, and their characteristics vary according to their intended purpose.
Arkansas Highway 148
Highway 148 (AR 148, Ark. 148, and Hwy. 148) is a designation for three east–west state highways in the Upper Arkansas Delta. One route of 4.61 miles (7.42 km) begins at Highway 239 and runs east to a Mississippi River levee. A second route of 8.81 miles (14.18 km) begins at Highway 181 and runs east to US Highway 61 (US 61) in Burdette. A third route of 3.53 miles (5.68 km) begins at Highway 135 in Black Oak and runs east to Highway 139. All routes are maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).

Arkansas Highway 139
Highway 139 (AR 139, Ark. 139, and Hwy. 139) is a designation for two north–south state highways in the Upper Arkansas Delta. One route of 17.65 miles (28.40 km) begins at Highway 158 in Caraway and runs north to Missouri Supplemental Route F at the Missouri state line. A second route of 34.86 miles (56.10 km) runs from US Highway 412 (US 412) to Missouri Route 51 at the Missouri state line. Both routes are maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).
CECPQ2
In cryptography, Combined Elliptic-Curve and Post-Quantum 2 (CECPQ2) is a quantum-secure modification to Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3 developed by Google. It is intended to be used experimentally, to help evaluate the performance of post-quantum key-exchange algorithms on actual users' devices.

Key exchange
Key exchange (also key establishment) is a method in cryptography by which cryptographic keys are exchanged between two parties, allowing use of a cryptographic algorithm.

If the sender and receiver wish to exchange encrypted messages, each must be equipped to encrypt messages to be sent and decrypt messages received. The nature of the equipping they require depends on the encryption technique they might use. If they use a code, both will require a copy of the same codebook. If they use a cipher, they will need appropriate keys. If the cipher is a symmetric key cipher, both will need a copy of the same key. If it is an asymmetric key cipher with the public/private key property, both will need the other's public key.
Duncan Maskell
Duncan John Maskell, FMedSci (born 30 May 1961) is a British and Australian biochemist, academic, and academic administrator, who specialises in molecular microbiology and bacterial infectious diseases. He was vice-chancellor of the University of Melbourne, Australia from 2018 to 2025.
He previously taught at the University of Cambridge, England.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Cerro Las Piñas
Cerro Las Piñas (Spanish for "pineapples hill") is a mountain of the Sierra de Cayey located in the boundary between the municipalities of Caguas and Cayey in central Puerto Rico. The summit is located at 2,425 feet (739 m) above sea level, in the barrios Beatriz of Caguas, and Beatriz and Guavate of Cayey. The summit offers panoramic views of the Valley of Caguas and Cayey.

Caguas Valley
The Caguas Valley (Spanish: Valle de Caguas), or the Caguas-Juncos Valley, and popularly referred to as the Turabo Valley (Valle del Turabo), is a large valley lying between two mountain subranges of the Cordillera Central, Sierra de Cayey and Sierra de Luquillo, in the eastern region of the main island of Puerto Rico. From west to east, the valley is concentrated in the municipalities of Caguas, Gurabo, San Lorenzo, Juncos, Las Piedras, and Humacao.
CJMO-FM
CJMO-FM is a Canadian FM radio station broadcasting at 103.1 MHz in Moncton, New Brunswick. The station airs a classic/active rock format branded as Q103. CJMO's studios are located on Arsenault Court, in the Moncton Industrial Park while its transmitter is located on Caledonia Mountain. The station is owned by the Stingray Group which also owns sister station CJXL-FM.

CJXL-FM
CJXL-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 96.9 FM in Moncton, New Brunswick serving the Greater Moncton area. The station currently broadcasts a country format branded on-air as New Country 96.9 and is owned by the Stingray Group.
Kangwon Province, North Korea
Kangwon Province (Kangwŏndo; Korean pronunciation: [kaŋ.wʌn.do]) is a province of North Korea, with its capital at Wŏnsan. Before the division of Korea in 1945, Kangwŏn Province and its South Korean neighbour Gangwon Province  (also spelled Kangwon Province sometimes) formed a single province that excluded Wŏnsan.

Gangwon Province, South Korea
Gangwon Province (Korean: 강원도; RR: Gangwon-do), officially Gangwon State (강원특별자치도; lit. Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province), is a Special Self-Governing Province of South Korea. It is known as the largest and least densely populated subdivision of South Korea. Gangwon is one of the three provinces in South Korea with special self-governing status, the others being Jeju Province and Jeonbuk State. Gangwon is bordered on the east by the East Sea(Or Sea of Japan), it borders Gyeonggi Province to the west, North Gyeongsang Province and North Chungcheong Province to the south, and the Military Demarcation Line to the north, separating it from North Korea. In the 1945 division of Korea, the historical Gangwon Province was divided in half, and remains so to this day.

Pyeongchang County in Gangwon hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Paralympics. Gangwon also hosted the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics.
P-CAD
P-CAD was the brand name of Personal CAD Systems, Inc., a California-based manufacturer of electronic design automation (EDA) software. It manufactured a CAD software available for personal computers. The company was divested into ACCEL Technologies, which was purchased by Altium in 2000. The last release of the software was in 2006, before it was retired in favor of the Altium Designer product.

Altium
Altium Limited is an American multinational software company that provides electronic design automation software to engineers who design printed circuit boards. Founded as Protel Systems Pty Ltd in Australia in 1985, the company has regional  headquarters in the United States, Australia, China, Europe, and Japan. Its products are designed for use in a Microsoft Windows environment and used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, defence and telecommunications. Its flagship solutions are Altium Discover, Altium Develop, and Altium Agile. The latter two include Altium Designer, a software for unified electronics design, and Altium 365, a platform that connects stakeholders and centralises data. Since August 2024, Altium is a subsidiary of Renesas Electronics.
2019 CHA women's ice hockey tournament
The 2019 College Hockey America Women's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 17th tournament in league history played between March 6 and March 8, 2019, at the LECOM Harborcenter in Buffalo, New York. Syracuse won their first tournament and earned College Hockey America's automatic bid into the 2019 NCAA National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Tournament

2019 NCAA National Collegiate women's ice hockey tournament
The 2019 NCAA National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women's NCAA Division I college ice hockey. The quarterfinals was played at the campuses of the seeded teams on Saturday, March 16, 2019. The Frozen Four was played on March 22 and 24, 2019 at People's United Center in Hamden, Connecticut. Quinnipiac University hosted the tournament, the second time that it and People's United Center hosted the Frozen Four. It was the third year that the Big Ten Network aired the championship game live and the second year the semifinals was aired live on BTN.
Oliver Morton Dickerson
Oliver Morton Dickerson (September 8, 1875 – November 26, 1966) was an American historian, author, and educator. Like his fellow historians Charles McLean Andrews and Lawrence Henry Gipson, Dickerson was a proponent of the "Imperial school" of historians who believed that the American colonies could not be studied or understood except as part of the British Empire. Among his publications were works on the British Board of Trade, the Navigation Acts, and Boston under military rule.

Lawrence H. Gipson
Lawrence Henry Gipson (December 7, 1880 – September 26, 1971) was an American historian, who won the 1950 Bancroft Prize and the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for History for volumes of his magnum opus, the fifteen-volume history of "The British Empire Before the American Revolution", published 1936–70.  He was a leader of the "Imperial school" of historians who studied the British Empire from the perspective of London, and generally praised the administrative efficiency and political fairness of the Empire.
Internet as a source of prior art
In the context of patent law, using the Internet as a source of prior art when assessing whether an invention is novel and inventive (two conditions for patentability), may be problematic if it is difficult to ascertain precisely when information on websites became available to the public.

Novelty (patent)
Novelty is one of the patentability requirements for a patent claim, whose purpose is to prevent issuing patents on known things, i.e. to prevent public knowledge from being taken away from the public domain.

An invention is anticipated (i.e. not new) and therefore not patentable if it was known to the public before the priority date of the patent application. Although the concept of "novelty" in patent law appears simple and self-explanatory, this view is very far from reality. Some of the most contentious questions of novelty comprise:

inventor's own prior disclosures (only a few countries provide a grace period, most notably, 1 year in the US);

new uses of known things, such as pharmaceuticals;

a broader question of (2) is inherent anticipation;

patenting things, which are newly discovered in (or isolated from) nature (see Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.) This question overlaps with patentable subject matter.
Government of the Northern Cape
The Northern Cape province of South Africa is governed in a parliamentary system in which the people

elect the provincial legislature and the legislature, in turn, elects the Premier as head of the executive. The Premier leads an Executive Council consisting of members who oversee various executive departments. The structure of the provincial government is defined by chapter six of the Constitution of South Africa.

Premier of the Northern Cape
The premier of the Northern Cape is the  head of government of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The current premier of the Northern Cape is Zamani Saul, a member of the African National Congress, who was elected in the 2019 election. He took office on 22 May 2019.
Copper Branch (Deep River tributary)
Copper Branch is a 1.50 mi (2.41 km) long 1st order tributary to the Deep River in Guilford County, North Carolina.  This branch flows through a lot of mined areas and could be the reason for the name.

Deep River (North Carolina)
Deep River is a tributary of the Cape Fear River, approximately 125 miles (201 km) long, in north central North Carolina in the United States. Deep River is a translation of the Indian name sapponah, "deep river".

Paddling is popular on the river. Deep River is flanked by the planned Deep River State Trail and several other parks and preservation areas including Carbonton Dam Park, House in the Horseshoe Historic Site, Deep River Park and Deep River Camelback Truss Bridge, Endor Iron Furnace, White Pines Nature Preserve, Lockville Dam, Canal and Powerhouse, and Mermaid Point.

There river is habitat to two federally-endangered species, the Cape Fear shiner, a critically endangered minnow, and the Atlantic Pigtoe, an endangered mussel.
Hulusi Akar
Hulusi Akar (born 12 March 1952) is a retired four-star Turkish Armed Forces general who served as the Minister of National Defense from 2018 to 2023. He previously served as the 29th chief of the Turkish General Staff. Akar also served as a brigade commander in various NATO engagements including the International Security Assistance Force against the Taliban insurgency, Operation Deliberate Force during the Bosnian War, the Kosovo Force during the Kosovo War, as well as overseeing much of the Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War.

In the 2023 Turkish parliamentary election he was elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey from Kayseri representing the Justice and Development Party.

Chief of the Turkish General Staff
The Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Genelkurmay Başkanı) is the chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri). He is appointed by the President of Turkey, who is the commander-in-chief. The position dates to the period of the Government of the Grand National Assembly and the Turkish War of Independence. The post has its own rank insignia, which is the OF-9 (full General or Admiral of the Turkish Armed Forces) rank of the Chief of Staff's personal service branch surrounded by laurel wreaths. In practice, the position has always been held by a Turkish Land Forces officer.

The current Chief of the General Staff is General Selçuk Bayraktaroğlu, since 5 August 2025.
John Pendry
Sir John Brian Pendry, FRS HonFInstP (born 4 July 1943) is an English theoretical physicist known for his research into metamaterials and creation of the first practical "Invisibility Cloak". He is a professor of theoretical solid state physics at Imperial College London where he was head of the department of physics (1998–2001) and principal of the faculty of physical sciences (2001–2002). He is an honorary fellow of Downing College, Cambridge, (where he was an undergraduate) and an IEEE fellow. He received the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience "for transformative contributions to the field of nano-optics that have broken long-held beliefs about the limitations of the resolution limits of optical microscopy and imaging.", together with Stefan Hell, and Thomas Ebbesen, in 2014.

Stefan Hell
Stefan Walter Hell (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtɛfan ˈhɛl] ⓘ: born 23 December 1962) is a Romanian-German physicist and one of the directors of the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences in Göttingen, and of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, both of which are in Germany. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014 "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy", together with Eric Betzig and William Moerner.
Lugné-Poe
Aurélien-Marie Lugné (27 December 1869 –  19 June 1940), known by his stage and pen name Lugné-Poe, was a French actor, theatre director, and scenic designer. He founded the landmark Paris theatre company, the Théâtre de l'Œuvre, which produced experimental work by French Symbolist writers and painters at the end of the nineteenth century.  Like his contemporary, theatre pioneer André Antoine, he gave the French premieres of works by the leading Scandinavian playwrights Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg, and Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson.

André Antoine
André Antoine (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe ɑ̃twan]; 31 January 1858 – 23 October 1943) was a French actor, theatre manager, film director, author, and critic who is considered the father of modern mise en scène in France.
Galactic coordinate system
The galactic coordinate system (GCS) is a celestial coordinate system in spherical coordinates, with the Sun as its center, the primary direction aligned with the approximate center of the Milky Way Galaxy, and the fundamental plane parallel to an approximation of the galactic plane but offset to its north. It uses the right-handed convention, meaning that coordinates are positive toward the north and toward the east in the fundamental plane.

Right-hand rule
In mathematics and physics, the right-hand rule is a convention and a mnemonic, utilized to define the orientation of axes in three-dimensional space and to determine the direction of the cross product of two vectors, as well as to establish the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

The various right- and left-hand rules arise from the fact that the three axes of three-dimensional space have two possible orientations. This can be seen by holding your hands together with palms up and fingers curled. If the curl of the fingers represents a movement from the first or x-axis to the second or y-axis, then the third or z-axis can point along either right thumb or left thumb.
Samuel Hammersmark
Samuel Tellefson Hammersmark (February 13, 1872 – 1957) was an American book publisher, trade union organizer, political activist, and Communist Party functionary. Hammersmark is best remembered as a political lieutenant of William Z. Foster in the Chicago anarcho-syndicalist and communist movements of the 1910s through the 1930s and as a candidate of the Communist Party for public office.

William Z. Foster
William Z. Foster (born William Edward Foster; February 25, 1881 – September 1, 1961) was a radical American labor organizer and Communist politician, whose career included serving as  General Secretary of the Communist Party USA from 1945 to 1957. He was previously a member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World, leading the drive to organize packinghouse industry workers during World War I and the steel strike of 1919.
2002–03 Australian bushfire season
A particularly extensive bushfire season in Australia, ran predominantly from December 2002 to March 2003 and involved over 3,000 separate fires in Victoria alone. The 2003 Canberra bushfires were also particularly severe.

The developing drought in Australia and well below-average rainfall through winter and spring of 2002 established conditions conducive to above-average bushfire potential. During the 2002–03 season, there were 5,999 bushfires attended by the relevant agency Australia-wide and 7 fatalities, 4 of those from the January Canberra fires.

Perhaps the most well known fire of the season was the Eastern Victorian alpine bushfires that burnt in north-eastern Victoria, the Victorian Alps and Gippsland. This fire was ignited in several locations by multiple lightning strikes and burnt 1.12 million hectares of land over the course of 2 months. Over 15,000 personnel were directly engaged with this fire complex.

2003 Canberra bushfires
The 2003 Canberra bushfires caused severe damage to the suburbs and outer areas of Canberra, the capital city of Australia, during 18–22 January 2003. Almost 70% of the Australian Capital Territory's (ACT) pastures, pine plantations, and nature parks were severely damaged, and most of the Mount Stromlo Observatory was destroyed. After burning for a week around the edges of the ACT, the fires entered the suburbs of Canberra on 18 January 2003. Over the next ten hours, four people died, over 490 were injured, and more than 500 homes were destroyed or severely damaged, requiring a significant relief and reconstruction effort.
South Moreton
South Moreton is a village and civil parish in South Oxfordshire, England, about 3 miles (5 km) east of Didcot, 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Wallingford, and 7 miles (11 km) south of Abingdon. It is only separated by the Great Western Railway cutting from its twin village of North Moreton, a quarter of a mile to the north. Mortune took its name in the Domesday Book from the houses on the ridge above the moor of Hakka's Brook (now known as the Hagbourne or Hadden Marsh), and was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes. The 2011 census recorded the parish population as 420.

North Moreton
North Moreton is a village and civil parish about 2 miles (3 km) east of Didcot. It was part of Wallingford Rural District in Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to the new South Oxfordshire District of Oxfordshire. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 328.
Gail Asper
Gail Sheryl Asper OC OM (born 1960) is a Canadian heiress, philanthropist, and corporate lawyer. Daughter of the media magnate Izzy Asper, she serves as the president and a trustee of the Asper Foundation.

She is known for bringing to Winnipeg, Manitoba, the $351-million Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR)—the first national museum in Canada to be established outside of the capital region, and whose image now adorns Canada's $10 bill as of 2018. The Asper Foundation itself is the private charitable organization that spearheaded the establishment of the CMHR. On 26 August 2008, the Harper government appointed Asper to the board of trustees of the CMHR.

She was associated with the Liberal Party of Canada and the Manitoba Liberal Party. In 2021 she contributed $3,000 to the campaign of Manitoba conservative Heather Stefanson.

Order of Manitoba
The Order of Manitoba is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Instituted in 1999 when Lieutenant Governor Peter Liba granted royal assent to the Order of Manitoba Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Manitoba residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Manitoba Crown.
Maude Frazier
Maude Frazier (April 4, 1881 – June 20, 1963) was an American educator and politician who served as the 22nd lieutenant governor of Nevada. A member of the Democratic Party, Frazier was a member of the Nevada Assembly, elected to represent Clark County from 1950 to 1962.

Before running for office, Frazier was a Nevada deputy superintendent of public instruction over Southern Nevada from 1921 to 1927. For the following twenty years, from 1927 to 1947, she served as principal of Las Vegas High School and superintendent of the Las Vegas Union School District, which in 1956 became the Clark County School District.

As an assemblywoman, Frazier was a vocal proponent of establishing a public university in Southern Nevada. As chair of the education committee and a member of the ways and means committee, she secured the legislature’s support to establish the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Lieutenant Governor of Nevada
The lieutenant governor of Nevada is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Nevada. The lieutenant governor maintains an office in Carson City, Nevada at the Nevada State Capitol and is elected separately from the Governor, and may therefore be from a different party than the Governor. The incumbent lieutenant governor is Stavros Anthony, a Republican. He was sworn in in January 2023. The governor has the authority to appoint a replacement to fill the balance of the term in any vacant constitutional office, including that of the lieutenant governor, subject to Senate confirmation.