hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicotine vaccine
Nicotine vaccine is a novel immunological strategy for treating nicotine addiction. Nicotine vaccine uses active immunization as the methodology to create polyclonal antibodies to the antigens, which is then used to treat drug abuse. The immune system is then able to identify nicotine as a foreign substance and initiate an immune reaction targeting the drug. As a result, the quantity of nicotine that enters the brain would decrease after receiving the vaccine. In preclinical studies, nicotine vaccines have demonstrated the ability to combat the negative effects of nicotine abuse, but none of the developed vaccines has been authorized for use in clinical trials as a smoking cessation strategy. Theoretically, the decrease of nicotine's rewarding effects should result in smoking cessation. Some companies have tested candidate vaccines in clinical trials, but evidence failed to show the adequate antibody responses or exhibit superior efficacy to factors concerning placebo.

Polyclonal antibodies
Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) are antibodies that are secreted by different B cell lineages within the body (whereas monoclonal antibodies come from a single cell lineage). They are a collection of immunoglobulin molecules that react against a specific antigen, each identifying a different epitope.
2024 West Java gubernatorial election
The 2024 West Java gubernatorial election was held on 27 November 2024 as part of nationwide local elections to elect the Governor of West Java for the 2025 to 2030 term. The election was held as part of local elections for governors, regents, and mayors across 36 other provinces in Indonesia.

Ridwan Kamil, the previous governor-elect, was eligible to run for a second term, but he chose to run in Jakarta gubernatorial election because he was supported by parties supporting President Prabowo Subianto from the Advanced Indonesia Coalition Plus (KIM Plus). Finally, there were four candidates who participated in the election, the KIM Plus candidate in West Java Dedi Mulyadi-Erwan Setiawan, the PKS and NasDem candidates Ahmad Syaikhu-Ilham Habibie, the PKB candidate, Acep Adang-Gitalis and the PDI-P candidate Jeje Wiradinata-Ronal Surapradja.

The Dedi-Erwan pair emerged victorious, winning 62.22% of the vote. The pair also won all districts and cities.

NasDem Party
The NasDem Party (Indonesian: Partai NasDem), or the National Democratic Party (Indonesian: Partai Nasional Demokrat, lit. 'National Democrats Party') is an Indonesian political party. Centre-left and progressive this party carries the theme of change and restoration of the Indonesian nation. It is partly funded by media baron Surya Paloh who founded the similarly named organization, National Democrats (Indonesian: Nasional Demokrat). Despite this, and logo similarity, Nasional Demokrat has insisted that it is not linked with the party.
Travel pack
A travel pack is a specialized type of rucksack developed for adventurers, and popular with backpackers. Much like ordinary rucksacks in appearance, travel packs have the added benefit of being able to zip shoulder straps, hip belts and shoulder harnesses out of sight. Additionally, many travel packs, being internal frame packs, have concealed parallel stays designed to offer added support.
Travel packs offer a good fit due to their extensive use of straps, webbing and frame. Many travel packs have additional loops and straps for sleeping bags and other items.

A personal travel pack should consist of a few important things like paper, soap, hair oil, face cream, toothbrush, comb, towel and handkerchief that will help make travel a pleasurable experience. Nowadays, many companies are planning to launch products with special travel cases. For example, the Burst electric toothbrush comes with its own travel case so that you can carry it without any problem.

Backpacking (travel)
Backpacking is a form of low-cost, independent travel, which often includes staying in inexpensive lodgings and carrying all necessary possessions in a backpack. Once seen as a marginal form of travel undertaken only through necessity, it has become a mainstream form of tourism.

While backpacker tourism is generally a form of youth travel, primarily undertaken by young people during gap years, it is also undertaken by older people during holidays, a career break, or at retirement, or by digital nomads, as part of a minimalist lifestyle. As such, backpackers can be of any age, but are typically aged 18 to 30.
Flora of Singapore
Singapore has a wide variety of flora. Plants are mainly used to beautify the landscape of Singapore. The national flower is a hybrid orchid, Vanda Miss Joaquim.

As in any tropical rainforest Singapore is home to a number of very large trees from the families Apocynaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae and others. A number of these thrive reasonably, but for the large Shorea gratissima there is a problem - its seeds will not germinate, and the reason for this is not known.

There is also a fair number of palm species. In the forest understorey is found a number of common houseplants such as Epipremnum aureum, Monstera and Dieffenbachia.

On the many large trees are found many epiphytes, including several types of ferns like Asplenium, and many orchids such as Dendrobium crumenatum.

Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim
Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim, also known as the Singapore orchid, the Princess Aloha orchid, and commonly known by its original name Vanda Miss Joaquim, is a hybrid orchid (a grex) that is the national flower of Singapore. For its resilience and year-round blooming quality, it was chosen on 15 April 1981 to represent Singapore's uniqueness and hybrid culture. This orchid is the first registered plant hybrid from Singapore.
1946 La Paz riots
The 1946 La Paz riots were a series of increasingly violent strikes and protests which culminated in the lynching and hanging of then president of Bolivia, Gualberto Villarroel, and the complete collapse of his government. The riots occurred in La Paz between 8 and 21 July 1946. What started as teachers' strikes demanding increased wages quickly escalated as university students, organized labor workers, and civilians clashed with municipal police and armed, pro-government civilians. By the end, interim control of the country was handed to a junta of representatives of the three striking groups chaired by independent magistrates of the Superior Court of Justice of the judicial district of La Paz.

Gualberto Villarroel
Gualberto Villarroel López (15 December 1908 – 21 July 1946) was a Bolivian military officer who served as the 39th president of Bolivia from 1943 to 1946. A reformist, sometimes compared with Argentina's Juan Perón, he is nonetheless remembered for his alleged fascist sympathies and his violent demise.
Otchahoi
Otchahoi (Japanese: オッチャホイ) is a type of local food found in Shibata, Niigata, Japan. This dish was first introduced by a local restaurant called Singapore Shokudo (Japanese: シンガポール食堂). Although this dish is relatively unknown in Singapore, otchahoi is considered to be Singaporean cuisine by the Japanese.

Shibata, Niigata
Shibata (新発田市, Shibata-shi) is a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of 96,236 in 37,017 households, and a population density of 179 persons per km². The total area of the city was 533.10 square kilometres (205.83 sq mi).
Travis Boak
Travis Alexander Boak (born 1 August 1988) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Boak captained the club from 2013 to 2018, and is a three-time All-Australian, dual John Cahill Medallist and three-time Showdown Medallist. He is also the club's games record holder with 387 games.

VFL/AFL games records
This page is a collection of VFL/AFL games records. The Australian Football League (AFL), known as the Victorian Football League (VFL) until 1990, is the elite national competition in men's Australian rules football. This list only includes home-and-away matches and finals; representative games (i.e. State of Origin or international rules), pre-season and night series games are excluded from the totals.
Carita Doggett Corse
Carita Doggett Corse (March 15, 1891 – May 23, 1978) was a Florida historian and writer who served as the Florida director of the Federal Writers’ Project. Her most well-known books are Dr. Andrew Turnbull and the New Smyrna Colony of Florida and The Key to the Golden Islands. Corse, an early suffragette, became the director of Florida's chapter of the newly created Planned Parenthood. In 1978, she was recognized for her work as a historian by the Florida Historical Society, and, in 1997, was posthumously inducted into the Florida Women's Hall of Fame, an honor roll recognizing women who have "made significant contributions to the improvement of life for women and all Florida citizens".

Federal Writers' Project
The Federal Writers' Project (FWP) was a federal government project in the United States created to provide jobs for out-of-work writers and to develop a history and overview of the United States, by state, cities and other jurisdictions. It was launched in 1935 during the Great Depression. It was part of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a New Deal program. It was one of a group of New Deal arts programs known collectively as Federal Project Number One or Federal One.

FWP employed thousands of people and produced hundreds of publications, including state guides, city guides, local histories, oral histories, ethnographies, and children's books. In addition to writers, the project provided jobs to unemployed librarians, clerks, researchers, editors, and historians.
Homotopy category of an ∞-category
In mathematics, especially category theory, the homotopy category of an ∞-category C is the category where the objects are those in C but the hom-set from x to y is the quotient of the set of morphisms from x to y in C by an appropriate equivalence relation.

If an ∞-category is defined as a weak Kan complex (usual definition), then the construction is due to Boardman and Vogt, who also gave the definition of an ∞-category as a weak Kan complex. In this case, the homotopy category of an ∞-category C is equivalent to , where  is a left adjoint of the nerve functor.

For example, the singular complex of a (reasonable) topological space X is a Kan complex and the homotopy category of it is the fundamental groupoid of X.

Quasi-category
In mathematics, more specifically category theory, a quasi-category (also called quasicategory, weak Kan complex,  inner Kan complex, infinity category, ∞-category, Boardman complex, quategory) is  a generalization of the notion of a category. The study of such generalizations is known as higher category theory.
HMS Dryad (1893)
HMS Dryad was the name ship of the Dryad-class torpedo gunboats.  She was launched at Chatham Dockyard on 22 November 1893, the first of the class to be completed.  She served as a minesweeper during World War I and was broken up in 1920.

Chatham Dockyard
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham; at its most extensive (in the early 20th century) two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham, one-third in Chatham.

It came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, leading to a requirement for additional defences. Over 414 years Chatham Royal Dockyard provided more than 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km2). Chatham dockyard closed in 1984, and 84 acres (34 ha) of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as the Chatham Historic Dockyard visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
Danegeld
Danegeld (/ˈdeɪnɡɛld/; literally "Dane yield") was a tax raised to pay tribute or protection money to the Viking raiders to save a land from being ravaged.  It was called the geld or gafol in eleventh-century sources.  It was characteristic of royal policy in both England and Francia during the ninth through eleventh centuries, collected both as tributary, to buy off the attackers, and as stipendiary, to pay the defensive forces. The term Danegeld did not appear until the late eleventh century. In Anglo-Saxon England tribute payments to the Danes was known as gafol and the levy raised to support the standing army, for the defence of the realm, was known as heregeld (army-tax).

Tribute
A tribute (/ˈtrɪbjuːt/; from Latin tributum, "contribution") is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance or respect. Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of lands which the state conquered. In the case of alliances, lesser parties may pay tribute to more powerful parties as a sign of allegiance. Tributes are different from taxes, as they are not collected in the same regularly routine manner that taxes are. Further, with tributes, a recognition of political submission by the payer to the payee is uniquely required.
Peter Arrell Browne Widener II
Peter Arrell Browne Widener II (June 25, 1895 – April 20, 1948) was a prominent American racehorse owner and breeder. He inherited a fortune from his father, Joseph E. Widener, a founding benefactor of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. (and younger son of the extremely wealthy business magnate Peter Arrell Browne Widener). His father was also a major figure in Thoroughbred horse racing, being President of Belmont Park racetrack from 1925 to 1939, and builder of the 1932 Hialeah Park racetrack in Miami, Florida.

Peter Arrell Browne Widener
Peter Arrell Browne Widener (November 13, 1834 – November 6, 1915) was an American businessman, art collector, and patriarch of the wealthy Widener family. He began his career as a butcher, ran a successful chain of meat stores, and won a lucrative contract to supply mutton to Union army troops during the American Civil War. He partnered with William Lukens Elkins and William H. Kemble to found the Philadelphia Traction Company and established electric trolley systems in several major cities in the United States.

He was one of the founding organizers of American Tobacco Company, International Mercantile Marine Company, and U.S. Steel, and held significant investments in railroads, oil, and natural gas. He assembled a vast art collection valued between $15 and $50 million that he displayed at his Lynnewood Hall estate. Widener is on the American Heritage list of the forty richest Americans in history.
Boys Will Be Boys (1935 film)
Boys Will Be Boys is a 1935 British comedy film directed by William Beaudine which stars Will Hay, Gordon Harker and Jimmy Hanley. The film is set at Narkover School, where headmaster Doctor Alec Smart (Will Hay)  becomes involved in the disappearance of a valuable necklace.

The setting is loosely based on the works of Beachcomber, where Narkover is a school specializing in gambling and extortion, and the headmaster is a "Dr Smart-Allick".

The Ghost of St. Michael's
The Ghost of St. Michael's is a 1941 British comedy-thriller film, produced by Ealing Studios.

Will Hay, the film's star, replaced his sidekicks, Graham Moffatt and Moore Marriott, from his previous film Where's That Fire? with comedian Claude Hulbert. Hay and Hulbert would act together again in My Learned Friend two years later.

Typical of comedies made during the war, it has an anti-Nazi plot.
XM1111 Mid-Range Munition
The XM1111 Mid-Range Munition (MRM) is a 120 mm precision guided munition developed for the Rheinmetall Rh-120 120mm gun (named the M256 in the US military) used by several Western tanks. It was also intended to fulfill a requirement for Future Combat Systems (canceled) for a long-range, beyond line of sight (BLOS) tank munition.

The U.S. Army awarded two contracts in a competition to validate the requirement, one for a kinetic energy penetrator round (MRM-KE) and one for a chemical energy high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead round (MRM-CE).

In December 2007, Raytheon's CE-based concept was awarded the system-design-and-development contract to develop the round. Valued at $232.3 million, the 63-month contract covered system design and development.

The Mid-Range Munition was cancelled in 2009 along with Future Combat Systems.

Kinetic energy penetrator
A kinetic energy penetrator (KEP), also known as long-rod penetrator (LRP), is a type of ammunition designed to penetrate vehicle armour using a flechette-like, high-sectional density projectile. Like a bullet or kinetic energy weapon, this type of ammunition does not contain explosive payloads and uses purely kinetic energy to penetrate the target. Modern KEP munitions are typically of the armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) type.
Wings of Desire (horse)
Wings of Desire (foaled 20 February 2013) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse. Unraced as a juvenile he made a considerable impact in the spring of 2016 by winning the Dante Stakes on his third appearance. He finished fourth when second favourite for the 2016 Epsom Derby. This was followed by a second place in the King George VI & Queen Elizabeth Stakes

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile 3 furlongs and 211 yards (2,406 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

It is Britain's most prestigious open-age flat race, and its roll of honour features some of the most highly acclaimed horses of the sport's recent history. The 1975 running, which involved a hard-fought battle to the finish between Grundy and Bustino, is frequently described as the "race of the century". Many of its winners subsequently compete in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, and a number go on to have a successful career at stud. The race is often informally referred to as the "King George".
Steve Martin (Tasmanian politician)
Steven Leigh Martin OAM (born 3 October 1960) is an Australian politician who was a Senator for Tasmania from February 2018 to June 2019, when he lost his seat at the 2019 federal election. Martin was declared elected to the Senate on a recount when Jacqui Lambie was caught up in the parliamentary eligibility crisis. He took his seat as an independent, before joining the National Party in May 2018 as its first Tasmanian member since the 1920s. He was previously the mayor of the City of Devonport from 2011 to 2018.

City of Devonport
Devonport City Council (or City of Devonport) is a local government body located in the city and surrounds of Devonport in northern Tasmania. The Devonport local government area is classified as urban and has a population of 25,415, which also encompasses Lillico, Tugrah and part of Spreyton.
Kristen Spours
Kristen Spours (married name: Reeds; born 11 April 2000) is an English figure skater. She is a two-time British national champion (2025-26), has won 15 senior international medals, and competed at the 2026 Winter Olympics and three World Championships (2016, 2023, 2025). Spours also competed in the final segment at three World Junior Championships (2017, 2018, 2019).

2023 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2023 World Figure Skating Championships were held from March 22 to 26, 2023, at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. Sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), the World Championships are considered the most prestigious event in figure skating. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each skating federation at the 2024 World Championships. Shoma Uno and Kaori Sakamoto, both of Japan, won the men's and women's events, respectively. Riku Miura and Ryuichi Kihara of Japan won the pairs event, and Madison Chock and Evan Bates of the United States won the ice dance event.
Endoscopic foreign body retrieval
Endoscopic foreign body retrieval refers to the removal of ingested objects from the esophagus, stomach and duodenum by endoscopic techniques.  It does not involve surgery, but rather encompasses a variety of techniques employed through the gastroscope for grasping foreign bodies, manipulating them, and removing them while protecting the esophagus and trachea.  It is of particular importance with children, people with mental illness, and prison inmates as these groups have a high rate of foreign body ingestion.

Commonly swallowed objects include coins, buttons, batteries, and small bones (such as fish bones), but can include more complex objects, such as eyeglasses, spoons, and toothbrushes (see image).

Endoscopy
An endoscopy is a procedure used in medicine to look inside the body. The endoscopy procedure uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ.

There are many types of endoscopies. Depending on the site in the body and type of procedure, an endoscopy may be performed by a doctor or a surgeon. During the procedure, a patient may be fully conscious or anaesthetised. Most often, the term endoscopy is used to refer to an examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Similar instruments are called borescopes for nonmedical use.
Álvaro Delgado (politician)
Álvaro Luis Delgado Ceretta (born 11 March 1969) is a Uruguayan veterinarian and politician of the National Party (PN), who served as the 18th Secretary of the Presidency of the Republic from 2020 to 2023. He also previously served as National Representative from 2005 to 2015, as well as Senator from 2015 to 2020. He was a candidate for president of Uruguay in the 2024 general election.

Born in Montevideo and graduated from the University of the Republic in 1995 with the degree of Doctor of Veterinary and Veterinary Technology, Delgado has a postgraduate degree in Agroindustrial Management in the School of Management and International Studies of the ORT University of Uruguay. After graduating he started working as a rural producer and was a veterinary advisor in agricultural establishments.

Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay
The Chamber of Representatives (Spanish: Cámara de Representantes) is the lower house of the General Assembly of Uruguay (Asamblea General de Uruguay). The Chamber has 99 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation with at least two members per department.

The composition and powers of the Chamber of Representatives are established by Article Ninety of the Uruguayan Constitution. It also requires that members must be aged at least 25 and have been a citizen of Uruguay for five years. It is the competence of the Chamber of Representatives to accuse in the Senate members of both houses, the President and Vice President of the Republic, the Ministers of State, the members of the Supreme Court, the Administrative Litigation Court, the Court of Accounts and the Electoral Court, either for violating the Constitution or other serious crimes.