hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vaughan Southgate
Vaughan Robert Southgate OBE DL FZS FRSB FLS FRSM (born 13 May 1944) is a parasitologist. He was President of the Linnean Society of London between 2009 and 2012, and was High Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 2007.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Ameera al-Taweel
Ameera bint Aidan bin Nayef al-Taweel al-Otaibi (Arabic: أميرة بنت عيدان بن نايف الطويل العصيمي العتيبي; born 6 November 1983) is a Saudi Arabian philanthropist and ex-princess. Born into the Tribe of Otaibah, she became affiliated with the House of Saud after marrying al-Waleed bin Talal al-Saud in 2008. She was the vice chairwoman of the al-Waleed bin Talal Foundation, a charity in Saudi Arabia, for the duration of her marriage, which ended in a divorce in 2013. Ameera is currently a member of the board of trustees at Silatech, a youth employment organization in Qatar. She has been a long-standing advocate for Saudi women's rights.

Women's rights in Saudi Arabia
Women in Saudi Arabia have experienced many legal reforms since 2017, after facing fundamentalist Sahwa dominance for decades. However, according to Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, Saudi women are still discriminated against in terms to marriage, family, and divorce despite the reforms, and the Saudi government continues to target and repress women's rights activists and movements. Prominent feminist campaigns include the Women to Drive Movement and the anti male-guardianship campaign, which have led to significant advances in women's rights.

Women's societal roles in Saudi Arabia are heavily affected by Islamic and local traditions of the Arabian Peninsula. Wahhabism, the official version of Sunni Islam in Saudi Arabia, as well as traditions of the Arabian Peninsula and national and local laws all impact women's rights in Saudi Arabia.
Quercus dumosa
Quercus dumosa, commonly known as Nuttall's scrub oak or coastal sage scrub oak, is a species of scrub oak belonging to the white oak group (subgenus Quercus, section Quercus). It is a shrub typically reaching heights of 1–3 m (3.3–9.8 ft), characterized by a scraggly and rounded appearance, with dense tangled reddish branches, small dark green leaves with distinct teeth, curly trichomes on the lower leaf surfaces, and narrow acute acorns.

Native to the United States and Mexico, it is a rare species found in chaparral and coastal sage scrub on sandy soils often within sight of the ocean, and is found in disjunct populations ranging from Santa Barbara County, California south to the vicinity of Punta Colonet, Baja California. It is perhaps one of the rarest and most threatened species of oak in California, as the human development of coastal southern California has left very little habitat intact.

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.
.264 Winchester Magnum
The .264 Winchester Magnum is a belted, bottlenecked rifle cartridge. Except for the .244 H&H Magnum and .257 Weatherby Magnum, it is the smallest caliber factory cartridge derived from the 2.85 in (72 mm) Holland & Holland belted magnum case. It was introduced in the late 1950s and early 1960s with the .338 Winchester Magnum and the .458 Winchester Magnum as one of a family of short-cased 2.5 in (64 mm) belted magnum cartridges developed by Winchester based on the .375 Holland & Holland parent case. It was officially introduced to the public by Winchester in 1959. After many years of dwindling use it began enjoying a mild resurgence in popularity in the mid-2000s among long range rifle enthusiasts and reloaders due to the high ballistic coefficient of the heavier 6.5mm bullets and increasing popularity of cartridges such as 6.5mm Creedmoor, .260 Remington, 6.5 Grendel, benchrest and wildcat cartridges in 6.5mm.

.244 H&H Magnum
The .244 Holland & Holland Magnum cartridge was created in 1955 in Great Britain by deerstalker and rifle-maker David Lloyd of Pipewell Hall, Northamptonshire and Glencassley in Sutherland, Scotland, and is not to be confused with the smaller-cased and much milder 6 mm (.244 in) Remington. Stalking on extremely steep deer forests such as his own at Glencassley, Lloyd was in search of a "canyon rifle" cartridge that would shoot exceptionally fast and with a very flat trajectory across deep valleys and over distances out to 300 yards (270 m) and more, to make range estimation less critical for accurate bullet placement, and to deliver a hard-hitting bullet weighing a minimum of 100 grains.  The .244 H&H Magnum easily met these criteria.
Richard Hingston
Major Richard William George Hingston MC FRGS  (17 January 1887 – 5 August 1966) was an Irish physician, explorer and naturalist who worked in India with the Indian Medical Service. He wrote several books based on his travels and natural history observations. He also served as medical officer to the 1924 British Mount Everest expedition.

Indian Medical Service
The Indian Medical Service (IMS) was a military medical service in British India, which also had some civilian functions. Originating during the East India Company's period of rule, it was organised into a single unified service in 1896, served during the two World Wars, and remained in existence until the independence of India in 1947.

Many of its officers, who were both British and Indian, served in civilian hospitals. Among its notable ranks, the IMS had Sir Ronald Ross, a Nobel Prize winner, Sir Benjamin Franklin, later honorary physician to three British monarchs and Henry Vandyke Carter, best known for his illustrations in the anatomy textbook Gray's Anatomy.
Sergei Perevezentsev
Sergei Vyacheslavovich Perevezentsev (Russian: Сергей Вячеславович Перевезенцев; born January 29, 1960, in Tuchkovo, Moscow Oblast) is a Russian historian and philosopher, writer, and conservative publicist. He is a Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor in the Political Science Department of the Moscow State University, co-chairman of the board of the Union of Writers of Russia, and a laureate of several literary awards.

MSU Faculty of Political Science
The Faculty of Political Science of Moscow State University (Russian: Факультет политологии МГУ) is a scientific and educational structural division of Moscow State University, which trains students in the speciality of political science and conflict studies, as well as trains highly qualified scientific and pedagogical personnel in political science through graduate and doctoral studies.
Architecture of Belfast
The architecture of Belfast comprises architectural styles ranging from Georgian through to modernist buildings such as the Waterfront Hall and Titanic Belfast. The city's Victorian and Edwardian buildings are notable for their display of a large number of sculptures. Many of Belfast's Victorian era landmarks, including the main Lanyon Building at Queens University, were designed by Sir Charles Lanyon.

Waterfront Hall
Belfast Waterfront is a multi-purpose conference and entertainment centre, in Belfast, Northern Ireland, designed by local architects' firm Robinson McIlwaine. The hall is located in Lanyon Place, the flagship development of the Laganside Corporation. The development is named after the architect Charles Lanyon.
Willy Wang (wushu)
Willy Reyes Wang (born November 12, 1983) is a former wushu taolu athlete from the Philippines. He is one of the most decorated Filipino wushu athletes of all time in international competition and became especially renowned after his gold medal victory at the 2008 Beijing Wushu Tournament.

2008 Beijing Wushu Tournament
The 2008 Beijing Wushu Tournament (Chinese: 北京2008武术比赛; pinyin: Běijīng 2008 wǔshù bǐsài) was a wushu competition which was held from August 21 to 24, 2008 at the Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium in Beijing, China. The tournament was organised by the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (BOCOG), the International Wushu Federation (IWUF), and the Chinese Wushu Association (CWA), and was held in tandem with the 2008 Summer Olympics.

The competition consisted of ten taolu events (5 male, 5 female), and five sanshou events (3 male, 2 female). The Chinese team dominated the competition with eight gold medals followed by Russia and Hong Kong which earned two gold medals each. Macau, Iran and the Philippines each won a single gold.
Cyber force
A cyber force is a military branch of a nation's armed forces that conducts military operations in cyberspace and cyberwarfare. The world's first independent cyber force was the People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force, which was established in 2015 and also serves as China's space force. As of 2024, the world's only independent cyber forces are the People's Liberation Army Cyberspace Force, the German Cyber and Information Domain Service, Norwegian Cyber Defence Force, and the Singapore Digital and Intelligence Service.

Most other countries organize their cyber forces into other military services or joint commands. Examples of joint cyber commands includes the United States Cyber Command

Norwegian Cyber Defence Force
The Norwegian Cyber Defence Force (Norwegian: Cyberforsvaret) is a branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces responsible for military communications and defensive cyberwarfare in Norway. The force employs 1,500 people located at more than 60 locations. The main base is at Jørstadmoen in Fåberg with a secondary base at Kolsås outside Oslo.
Felipe Alberdi
Felipe Alberdi (born 1930) is a Spanish former road cyclist. He notably won Stage 2 of the 1960 Vuelta a España and wore the leaders jersey the following stage.

Alberdi comes from the Spanish town of Amorebieta-Etxano.

1960 Vuelta a España
The 15th Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 29 April to 15 May 1960. It consisted of 17 stages covering a total of 3,567 km (2,216 mi), and was won by Frans De Mulder of the Groene Leeuw cycling team. Arthur Decabooter won the points classification and Antonio Karmany won the mountains classification.
GNOME Videos
GNOME Videos, formerly known as Totem, is a media player (audio and video) for the GNOME computer desktop environment. GNOME Videos uses the Clutter and GTK+ toolkits. It is officially included in GNOME starting from version 2.10 (released in March 2005), but de facto it was already included in most GNOME environments. Totem utilizes the GStreamer framework for playback, though until version 2.27.1, it could alternatively be configured to use the Xine libraries instead of GStreamer.

GNOME Videos is free and open-source software subject to the requirements of the GPL-2.0-or-later license.

In GNOME 49, GNOME Videos will be replaced as the default GNOME video player with a new GTK 4 & Libadwaita application called Showtime.

GNOME
GNOME (/ɡəˈnoʊm, ˈnoʊm/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It is distributed as the default desktop environment of many major Linux distributions, including Debian, Fedora Linux, Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise, and is the default in Oracle Solaris, a Unix operating system.

GNOME is developed by the GNOME Project, which is composed of both volunteers and paid contributors, the largest corporate contributor being Red Hat. It is an international project that aims to develop frameworks for software development, to program end-user applications based on these frameworks, and to coordinate efforts for the internationalization, localization, and accessibility of that software.

In 2023 and 2024, GNOME received €1,000,000 from Germany's Sovereign Tech Fund.
Vivian Green-Armytage
Vivian Bartley Green-Armytage FRCP, FRCS, FRCOG, (14 August 1882 – 11 April 1961) was a British gynaecologist. He was noted for his progressive views, his service to Indian gynaecology and obstetrics, and his distinguished service in the Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War.

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) is a professional association based in London, United Kingdom. Its members, including people with and without medical degrees, work in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology, that is, pregnancy, childbirth, and female sexual and reproductive health. The college has over 16,000 members in over 100 countries with nearly 50% of those residing outside the British Isles. Catherine, Princess of Wales became the RCOG's patron in 2018.

The college's primary object is given as "The encouragement of the study and the advancement of the science and practice of obstetrics and gynaecology", although its governing documents impose no specific restrictions on its operation. Its present offices are based in London Bridge. Previously, the offices were located near Regent's Park in Central London.
Wang Jingren
Wang Jingren (王景仁), né Wang Maozhang (王茂章, name changed 906?), was a major general during the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period Later Liang state. He was originally a general under Yang Xingmi, the Prince of Wu in the late Tang dynasty, but later got into a dispute with Yang's son and successor Yang Wo and was forced to flee to the domain of Qian Liu, who, as a Later Liang vassal, later sent Wang to Later Liang, whose Emperor Taizu (Zhu Quanzhong) was impressed with Wang's abilities and therefore made Wang a major general. Wang, however, was not successful in subsequent campaigns against either Wu or Later Liang's northern enemy Jin.

Yang Wu
Wu (吳), also referred to as Huainan (淮南), Hongnong (弘農), Southern Wu (南吳), or Yang Wu (楊吳), was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It existed from 907 to 937 with capital at Jiangdu Municipality (江都; modern-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province).

Some historians consider Wu to have begun in 902, when Yang Xingmi was named Prince of Wu by the Tang dynasty. All three rulers of Wu after 907 (when the Tang dynasty collapsed and Zhu Wen established the Later Liang dynasty) were Yang Xingmi's sons. The first ruler Yang Wo was murdered by his ministers Xu Wen and Zhang Hao, and his two brothers after him were effectively puppets dominated by Xu Wen at first, and later Xu Wen's adopted son Xu Zhigao (Li Bian) who in 937 usurped power to establish the Southern Tang dynasty. Yang Pu, the last ruler, was the only one to claim the title of emperor; the other rulers were kings or princes.
Møller–Plesset perturbation theory
Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP) is one of several quantum chemistry post-Hartree–Fock ab initio methods in the field of computational chemistry. It improves on the Hartree–Fock method by adding electron correlation effects by means of Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory (RS-PT), usually to second (MP2), third (MP3) or fourth (MP4) order.  Its main idea was published as early as 1934 by Christian Møller and Milton S. Plesset.

Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler, known system. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known (e.g. the time-independent Schrödinger equation: ) and add an additional "perturbing" Hamiltonian () representing a weak disturbance to the known system to the original Hamiltonian () of the known system (i.e. ). If the disturbance is small, the new energy levels and eigenstates of the perturbed system can be expressed as "corrections" to the known energy levels and eigenstates of the simpler system. These corrections can be made at progressively smaller orders of magnitude until an n-th order that is so small a correction that it is negligible to the accuracy of the approximation.
Shipping portal
Shipping portals are websites which allow shippers, consignees and forwarders access to multiple carriers through a single site. Portals provide bookings, track and trace, and documentation, and allow users to communicate with their carriers. In many respects, a shipping portal is to the maritime industry what a global distribution system (GDS) is to the airline industry.

Freight transport
Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commercial products and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. "Logistics", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense.
Himno de Riego
The "Himno de Riego" ("Anthem of Riego") is a song dating from the Trienio Liberal (1820–1823) of Spain and named in honour of Colonel Rafael del Riego, a figure in the respective uprising, which restored the liberal constitution of 1812. The lyrics were written by Evaristo Fernández de San Miguel, while the music is typically attributed to José Melchor Gomis.

It was declared the national anthem of Spain in 1822, remaining so until the overthrow of the liberal government the next year in 1823, and was also one of the popular anthems used in the First Spanish Republic (1873–1874) and, with much more prominence, the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). It continued to be used by the Second Republican government in exile until it was dissolved in 1977 upon the end of the Francoist Spanish State in 1975.

Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
The "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis" was the popular name for a French army mobilized in 1823 by the Bourbon King of France, Louis XVIII, to help the Spanish Bourbon royalists restore King Ferdinand VII of Spain to the absolute power of which he had been deprived during the Liberal Triennium. Despite the name, the actual number of troops was between 60,000 and 90,000.

A minor campaign, the force comprised some five army corps (the bulk of the French regular army) and was led by the Duke of Angoulême, nephew of Louis XVIII and son of future King Charles X. The French name of the conflict is l'Expédition d'Espagne ("the Expedition of Spain").
Winfried Debertin
Winfried Debertin (born 24 January 1953 in Glandorf, Osnabrück, West Germany) is a freelance producer and director known for his contributions to Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR), and as the founder of a production company, Penta TV. He has worked as a director and producer since 1988. He received the 2006 ECHO Klassik Award in the Classical Music for Children category.

Norddeutscher Rundfunk
Norddeutscher Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈnɔʁtˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "North German Broadcasting"), commonly shortened to NDR (pronounced [ˌɛndeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR broadcasts for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. NDR is a member of ARD, the joint organisation of German public broadcasters.
Kuttiady Assembly constituency
Kuttiady State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India.  It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Vatakara Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is K. P. Kunhammed Kutti of CPI (M).

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
CF Akbou
Club Football Akbou (Arabic: نادي أقبو; Tamazight: ⵛⵍⵓⴱ ⴼⵓⵜⴱⴰⵍ ⴰⵇⵠⵓ), commonly referred to as  CF Akbou is an Algerian women's professional football club based in Akbou, Béjaïa Province, Kabylia that currently plays in the Algerian Women's Championship, the top division in the Algerian female football league system.

In March 2023, The club was recognized by FIFA for its social and humanitarian action.

Algerian Women's Championship
The Algerian Women's Championship (Arabic: البطولة الجزائرية للسيدات) known as Elite National Championship is the top flight of women's association football in Algeria. It is the women's equivalent of the Ligue 1, but is not professional. The competition is run by the Ligue Nationale du Football Féminin under the auspices of the Algerian Football Federation.
Warren Fales Draper (publisher)
Warren Fales Draper (1818–1905) was a publisher in Andover, Massachusetts for nearly 50 years.  A descendant of early Roxbury settler James Draper, he was born and raised in West Dedham, Massachusetts (later named Westwood), and graduated from Phillips Academy and Amherst College.  His plans to go into the ministry did not materialize, and he became a book seller and publisher in his adopted town of Andover, in a close professional relationship with the Andover Theological Seminary.  Through frugality and industry, he and his wife, Irene (a graduate of Abbot Academy in Andover) amassed a considerable estate, and having no children they made sizable philanthropic contributions, and offered academic prizes and scholarships to aspiring students.  Draper Hall (1890) at Abbot Academy, of which he was a trustee (now a part of Phillips Academy), was donated by the Drapers, as was Draper Cottage (1892) at Phillips.

Claude Fuess
Claude Moore Fuess (January 12, 1885 – September 11, 1963) was an American author, historian, educator, and the 10th Headmaster of Phillips Academy Andover from 1933 to 1948.

After attending Amherst College and earning a PhD at Columbia University, Fuess taught English at Phillips Academy from 1908 to 1933.  As Headmaster he guided the school in a new era as it faced the Great Depression and Second World War. Concurrent with his teaching and position, Fuess led a writing career spanning several decades. He is credited as the author or editor of over 30 books and articles including biographies of Caleb Cushing, Calvin Coolidge, Rufus Choate, Daniel Webster, and Carl Schurz.
Pesma za Evroviziju '26
Pesma za Evroviziju '26 (Serbian Cyrillic: Песма за Евровизију '26; PzE '26) was the fifth edition of Pesma za Evroviziju, the national final organised by Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) to select the Serbian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2026. The selection consisted of two semi-finals held on 24 and 26 February 2026, respectively, and a final on 28 February 2026, all presented by Dragana Kosjerina and Kristina Radenković.

Pesma za Evroviziju
Pesma za Evroviziju (Serbian Cyrillic: Песма за Евровизију, lit. 'A Song for Eurovision') is a Serbian song contest organized by Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) in collaboration with SkyMusic. Since its inception in 2022, it has been used to select the Serbian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest.