hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calvin Graves
Calvin Graves (January 3, 1804 – February 11, 1877) was an American politician. He was a house member of the North Carolina House of Commons and a member of the North Carolina State Senate. He was the son of Azariah Graves.

Graves studied at the Bingham School, University of North Carolina, and with Leonard Henderson, before establishing a law practice in Yanceyville, and entering politics as a delegate from Caswell County to the 1835 state constitutional convention.

He supported railway expansion and the North Carolina Railroad, supported the establishment of an insane asylum, and was a trustee at Wake Forest University. He opposed voting rights for African Americans. His vote for a railroad as Senate president broke a tie.

He and his wife had two sons and two daughters. A historical marker is at the site of his birthplace.

North Carolina Railroad
The North Carolina Railroad (reporting mark NCRR) is a 317-mile (510 km) state-owned rail corridor extending from Morehead City, North Carolina, to Charlotte. The railroad carries over 70 freight trains (operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway) and ten passenger trains (Amtrak's Carolinian and Piedmont) daily. The railroad works with the North Carolina Department of Commerce and the North Carolina Department of Transportation on capital-improvement projects.
Ethylene episulfoxide
Ethylene episulfoxide is the organosulfur compound with the formula C2H4SO.  A colorless liquid, it is one of the simplest sulfoxides.  Because it is a strained ring, ethylene sulfoxide is a highly reactive molecule, decomposing thermally to sulfur monoxide and ethylene.  It is prepared by oxidation of ethylene sulfide with periodate.

Sulfur monoxide
Sulfur monoxide is an inorganic compound with formula SO. It is only found as a dilute gas phase.  When concentrated or condensed, it converts to S2O2 (disulfur dioxide). It has been detected in space but is rarely encountered intact otherwise.
2017 Q School
The 2017 Q School was a series of two snooker tournaments held at the start of the 2017–18 snooker season. An event for amateur players, it served as a qualification event for a place on the professional World Snooker Tour for the following two seasons. The events took place in May 2017 at the Guild Hall in Preston, Lancashire, England with a total 12 players qualifying via the two tournaments and the Order of Merit.

Martin O'Donnell (snooker player)
Martin O'Donnell (born 4 June 1986) is an English professional snooker player. He gained a two-year place on the main snooker tour by coming through the 2012 Q School. He finished with the most points during the Q Tour of the 2022–23 season and gained a two-year tour card as a result. He is known as "The Minister of Defence" because his initials spell out "MoD", in what is jocularly taken as a reference to the UK government body responsible for the Armed Forces.
V. Somanna
Veeranna Somanna is an Indian politician currently serving as Union Minister of State (MoS) in Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India. He was the minister of housing and Infrastructure Development department of Karnataka  from 4 August 2021 to 13 May 2023. He was Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Govindraj Nagara constituency from May 2018 to 13 May 2023.

On 10 June 2016, he was re-elected to the Karnataka Legislative Council. He secured 31 votes of BJP MLAs. In March 2024, he was announced as the BJP candidate for the Tumkur constituency in the 2024 General Elections. He went on to win the Lok Sabha election from Tumkur and was subsequently appointed the Minister of State of Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Jal Shakti.

Ministry of Railways (India)
The Ministry of Railways is a ministry in the Government of India, responsible for the country's rail transport. The Indian Railways is the rail network operated and administered by the Railway Board constituted by the ministry. The ministry along with the Railway Board is housed inside Rail Bhawan in New Delhi. It is headed by the Minister of Railways. With more than 1.2 million employees, it is one of the world's largest employers.
2019–20 V.League Division 1 Women's
The Volleyball 2019–20 V.League Division 1 Women's was the 26th tournament year and the 2nd top level women's tournament of the newly branded and reorganized V.League (Japan). It was held from October 12, 2019 – January 26, 2020.

Neriman Özsoy
Neriman Özsoy (born 13 July 1988 in Razgrad, Bulgaria) is a Turkish volleyball player. She is 188 cm (6.17 ft) tall 76 kg (168 lb) who recently last played as an outside hitter in Indonesia for Jakarta Popsivo Polwan.
Ōsu
Ōsu (Japanese: 大須) is an area located in the Naka ward of Nagoya, central Japan.

Ōsu is a historic area which has many small shops offering everything from Japanese traditional food to handicrafts. A large department store is OSU301. It is popular amongst fashionable young people as well.

The Ōsu Street Performer's Festival (大須大道町人祭, Ōsu Daido-chonin Matsuri) is held every year in October. The highlight is the parade of the oiran.

There are a number of temples and shrines and religious institutions in this area. The most important ones are Ōsu Kannon (大須観音) and Banshō-ji (万松寺) and not far away is Hongan-ji Betsuin temple (本願寺派名古屋別院).

Ōsu Kannon Station is located at Ōsu.

Naka-ku, Nagoya
Naka Ward (中区, Naka-ku; "Middle Ward") is one of the 16 wards of the city of Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the ward has an estimated population of 90,918 and a population density of 9,693 persons per km2. The total area is 9.38 km2.
Marquess Daeryeong
Marquess Daeryeong (Korean: 대령후; Hanja: 大寧侯; b. 1130), personal name Wang Kyŏng (왕경; 王暻) was a Goryeo Royal Prince as the second son of King Injong and Queen Gongye, also the older brother of Myeongjong and Sinjong. His mother always preferred him and wanted to pass the crown prince title to him instead of his brothers, but his father never agreed to it. Due to this, he had conflicts with King Uijong after his ascension.

He was married to Wang On, Duke Gangneung (강릉공 왕온)'s second daughter.

Injong of Goryeo
Injong (29 October 1109 – 10 April 1146), personal name Wang Hae, was the 17th monarch of the Korean Goryeo dynasty. He was the eldest son of King Yejong and Queen Sundeok, the daughter of Yi Cha-gyŏm. His reign saw two major internal crises that nearly ended the Goryeo dynasty, the collapse of the Northern Song dynasty, and the establishment of the Jin dynasty as the dominant power in East Asia.
Euro IV Ever
Euro IV Ever is the fourth studio album by the Swedish eurodance artist E-Type, which was released in 2001. It contains the singles "Life", "Africa" and "Campione 2000", the last of which was made as the official tie-in song of the 2000 UEFA European Football Championship.

E-Type (musician)
Bo Martin Erik Erikson (born 27 August 1965), better known by his stage name E-Type, is a Swedish Eurodance musician, songwriter and record producer, and former heavy metal drummer. His professional name is based on the Jaguar E-Type sports car.
Astrophile (TV series)
Astrophile (Thai: คืนนับดาว lit. 'Night Counting Star'), starring Davika Hoorne (Mai), Vachirawit Chivaaree (Bright) and Jumpol Adulkittiporn (Off), is a light hearted romantic Thai series about a simple girl who reunites with a junior from her university after a long time; initially, she fails to recognise him. Based on an original plot by pseudonymous writer "Duangmaan", selected through a competition, the series is produced by GMMTV and directed by Koo Ekkasit Trakulkasemsuk. On 1 December 2021, it was announced by GMMTV during the "BORDERLESS" event. The series officially premiered on 1 June 2022 on GMM 25.

Kanaphan Puitrakul
Kanaphan Puitrakul (Thai: คณพันธ์ ปุ้ยตระกูล; born 3 September 1998), nicknamed First (Thai: เฟิร์ส), is a Thai actor, singer and television host under GMMTV. He is best known for his roles in the series Not Me (2021), The Eclipse (2022), Only Friends (2023) and The Heart Killers (2024).
Mill Road, Cambridge
Mill Road is a two-lane road in southeast Cambridge, England. It runs southeast from near to Parker's Piece, at the junction with Gonville Place, East Road, and Parkside. It crosses the main railway line and links to the city's ring road (the A1134). It passes through the wards of Petersfield and Romsey, which are divided by the railway line. It is a busy road containing many independent businesses, churches, hospital and Cambridge Central Mosque.

Near the northwestern end to the south in Mortimer Road off Mill Road is Hughes Hall. Behind Hughes Hall is Fenner's, the cricket ground of the University of Cambridge, which has hosted first-class cricket since 1848. To the north is Anglia Ruskin University, formerly Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology (CCAT).

East Road, Cambridge
East Road is a dual-carriageway road in the east of Cambridge, England. It is designated the A603 and forms part of Cambridge's inner ring road. The southwest end of East Road is next to Parker's Piece, at the junction with Parkside, Mill Road, and Gonville Place. At the northeast end there is a roundabout that links with Elizabeth Way (part of the A1134, continuing the inner ring road north) and Newmarket Road (also part of the A1134, leading east out of the city).

The Cambridge campus of Anglia Ruskin University is on East Road, north of Mill Road. The Ruskin Gallery, open to the public, is part of the Cambridge School of Art on the Anglia Ruskin University East Road campus.

The Cambridge County Court is on East Road. The distinctively round Cambridge Crown Court is also on East Road, at No 83, since 2004.
Walworth County, Wisconsin
Walworth County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 106,478. Its county seat is Elkhorn. The county was created in 1836 from Wisconsin Territory and organized in 1839. It is named for Reuben H. Walworth. Walworth County comprises the Whitewater-Elkhorn, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI Combined Statistical Area. The University of Wisconsin-Whitewater is located in Walworth County.

Walworth County features several major tourist destinations: Lake Geneva, Alpine Valley Resort, and Alpine Valley Music Theatre. Tourism is a large contributor to Walworth County's economy. It is Wisconsin's fifteenth largest county in population, but it is the sixth largest in terms of economic impact from tourism (nearly $1 billion in 2023).

Reuben H. Walworth
Reuben Hyde Walworth (October 26, 1788 – November 27, 1867) was an American lawyer, jurist and politician. Although nominated three times to the United States Supreme Court by President John Tyler in 1844, the U.S. Senate never attempted a confirmation vote. Known for his simplification of equity law in the United States, Walworth served as a chancery judge in New York for more than three decades, including nearly two decades as Chancellor of New York (1828 to 1847) before a new state constitution abolished that highest statewide judicial office. Walworth also ran unsuccessfully for Governor of New York in 1848, and received a commission from the U.S. Supreme Court in 1850 concerning the Wheeling Suspension Bridge.
Electoral district of Ashburton
Ashburton was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 1901 and again from 1989 to 1996.

The district was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election. It was located in the remote north-west of the state. In 1898, the district's main settlement was the town of Onslow; it also included various pastoral leases along the Fortescue River. The seat was abolished ahead of the 1901 election.

Revived for the 1989 election, Ashburton was won by Labor candidate Pam Buchanan, previously the member for Pilbara. Buchanan, by this time an independent, resigned the seat in 1991 due to ill-health, triggering a by-election won by Labor candidate Fred Riebeling. The district was abolished ahead of the 1996 election and Riebeling shifted to the new seat of Burrup at that election.

Pam Buchanan
Pamela Ann Buchanan (née Slocombe; 6 February 1937 – 31 March 1992) was an Australian politician who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia between 1983 and 1992. She represented the Labor Party for the majority of her time in parliament, and was a minister in the Lawrence government, but resigned to sit as an independent in 1991.
Limansky clashes
In 2005 the village of Yandyki in the Limansky District of the Astrakhan Oblast became the center of a series of clashes between local Russians and Chechen migrant workers which culminated in a pogrom against the Chechens, after the death of a Kalmyk.

Yandyki
Yandyki (Russian: Яндыки) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Yandykovsky Selsoviet, Limansky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 3,135 as of 2010. There are 15 streets.
Is Spiritualism a Fraud?
Is Spiritualism a Fraud? (AKA: The Medium Exposed) is a 1906 British silent trick film directed by Walter R. Booth (also credited to J.H. Martin), featuring a medium exposed as a fake during a séance.

The film is "one of the last films made by  R.W. Paul in collaboration with the trick-film specialist W.R. Booth," and according to Michael Brooke of BFI Screenonline, "combines elements of the previous year's The Unfortunate Policeman with a special effects sequence.  However, unlike Booth and Paul's other work, here the mechanisms are deliberately revealed," "the crucial difference between his illusions and those of a medium is that Booth's audience knew that they were being deceived, but were happy to go along with the charade for the sake of both entertainment and the pleasure of working out how it was done."

Walter R. Booth
Walter Robert Booth (12 July 1869 – 8 May 1938) was a British magician and early pioneer of British film. Collaborating with Robert W. Paul and then Charles Urban mostly on "trick" films, he pioneered techniques that led to what has been described as the first British animated film, The Hand of the Artist (1906). Booth is also notable for making the earliest film adaptation of A Christmas Carol with the silent film Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost (1901).
Daniel Norber
Daniel J. Norber (born October 14, 1979) is an American politician serving in the New York State Assembly for the 16th district. His district includes the northwestern Nassau County communities of Great Neck, Manhasset, Port Washington, Roslyn, and several other communities along the county's border with Queens.

In 2024, he became the first Republican elected to a New York State Assembly seat in the Town of North Hempstead in over half a century by unseating Democrat Gina L. Sillitti.

Port Washington, New York
Port Washington is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) on the Cow Neck Peninsula in the Town of North Hempstead, in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The hamlet is the anchor community of the Greater Port Washington area. The population was 16,753 at the time of the 2020 census.
Jim Carroll
James Dennis Carroll (August 1, 1949 – September 11, 2009) was an American author, poet, and punk musician. Carroll was best known for his 1978 autobiographical work The Basketball Diaries, which inspired a 1995 film of the same title that starred Leonardo DiCaprio as Carroll, and his 1980 song "People Who Died" with the Jim Carroll Band.

Tuff Turf
Tuff Turf is a 1985 American drama film directed by Fritz Kiersch and starring James Spader and Kim Richards. The film was released in the United States on January 11, 1985.

Producer Donald Borchers later said the film was a personal favorite of his. "That's Donald P. Borchers on a plate", he said. "That's what happens when I get to make a movie and nobody stands in my way."
Atopia
Atopia was a production company and film distributor based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The company was founded in 2000 by Pascal Maeder. During the following decade, the company produced and released a string of critically acclaimed and award-winning feature films including Daniel Cross' S.P.I.T.: Squeegee Punks in Traffic, Federico Hidalgo's A Silent Love, Simon Sauve's Jimmywork, Noel Mitrani's Sur la trace d'Igor Rizzi, Laura Bari's Antoine Jephté Bastien's Sortie 67 as well as André Forcier's Je me souviens.

Initially launched as an online film studio with the development of 39 episodic web films in 2001, Atopia became the first Canadian distributor to release its feature films online through early platforms such as Jaman.

Jaman
Jaman was a company that offered users a movie discovery site, allowing them to browse viewing options offered across the internet.

In its previous iteration, Jaman was one of the first sites to offer views on demand of media on the internet. It allowed viewing on a variety of platforms via a downloadable P2P client, specializing in foreign and independent films.

The company was founded by Gaurav Dhillon, who was  the Chief Executive Officer of Informatica (NASDAQ: INFA), a Silicon Valley company that he co-founded in 1992.
Quentin Summerfield
Quentin Summerfield is a British psychologist, specialising in hearing. He joined the Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) Institute of Hearing Research
 in 1977 and served as its deputy director from 1993 to 2004, before moving on to a chair in psychology at The University of York. He served as head of the Psychology department from 2011 to 2017 and retired in 2018, becoming an emeritus professor. 
From 2013 to 2018, he was a member of the University of York's Finance & Policy Committee. From 2015 to 2018, he was a member of York University's governing body, the Council.

Summerfield was awarded an MBE in the 2019 New Year Honours, for services to psychology and people with hearing loss.

2019 New Year Honours
The 2019 New Year Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The New Year Honours are awarded as part of the New Year celebrations at the start of January and were officially announced in The London Gazette at 22:30 on 28 December 2018. Australia, an independent Realm, has a separate honours system and its first honours of the year, the 2019 Australia Day Honours, coincide with Australia Day on 26 January.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by the country whose ministers advised The Queen on the appointments, then by the honour and by the honour's grade (e.g. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc.), and then by divisions (i.e. Civil, Diplomatic, and Military), as appropriate.
Master of Naval Ordnance
The  Master of Naval Ordnance was an English Navy appointment created in 1546 the office holder was one of the Chief Officers of the Admiralty and a member of the Council of the Marine and a member of the Office of Ordnance until the post was abolished in 1589. He was responsible for the supply of naval ordnance for the navy.

Board of Ordnance
The Board of Ordnance was a British government body. Established in the Tudor period, it had its headquarters in the Tower of London. Its primary responsibilities were 'to act as custodian of the lands, depots and forts required for the defence of the realm and its overseas possessions, and as the supplier of munitions and equipment to both the Army and the Navy'. The Board also maintained and directed the Artillery and Engineer corps, which it founded in the 18th century. By the 19th century, the Board of Ordnance was second in size only to HM Treasury among government departments. The Board lasted until 1855, at which point (tarnished by poor performance in supplying the Army in Crimea) it was disbanded.
Thanks! (GAM song)
"Thanks!" is the debut single of Hello! Project duo GAM. It is also the ending theme for the movie Sukeban Deka: Codename = Asamiya Saki, starring Aya Matsuura. The b-side, Shinkirō Romance (蜃気楼ロマンス), was also used as a filler track in the same movie.

The single was released on the Hachama label September 13, 2006 with a catalog entry of HKCN-50037. It debuted on the Oricon Daily Ranking singles chart at number 2, and finished with the weekly rank of number 5.

The Single V DVD containing the music video was released on September 20, 2006, with a catalog number of HKBN-50073.

GAM (group)
GAM (ギャム, Gyamu) was a Japanese pop unit under the Hello! Project umbrella consisting of Aya Matsuura and former Morning Musume member Miki Fujimoto. This pairing was announced mid-June 2006. Previously, Matsuura and Fujimoto worked together in the one-off group Gomattou with Maki Goto.

According to Hello! Project producer Tsunku, the term GAM stands for "Great Aya and Miki." After GAM's debut, Tsunku decided to keep the group permanent instead of a one-time deal. However, with Fujimoto and Matsuura graduating from Hello! Project in March 2009, the group subsequently disbanded.
Wading River (Massachusetts)
The Wading River is a 13.1-mile-long (21.1 km) river in southeastern Massachusetts in the United States. It rises from Lake Miramichi in the town of Foxborough and flows southeast through Mansfield into the town of Norton, where it turns east, flows through Barrowsville Pond, and continues to its confluence with the Rumford River, forming the Three Mile River. The river is part of the Taunton River watershed.

Norton, Massachusetts
Norton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States, and contains the villages of Norton Center and Chartley. The population was 19,202 at the 2020 census. Home of Wheaton College, Norton hosted the Dell Technologies Championship, a tournament of the PGA Tour held annually on the Labor Day holiday weekend at the TPC Boston golf club until 2018.
Hardy–Ramanujan theorem
In mathematics, the Hardy–Ramanujan theorem, proved by Ramanujan and checked by Hardy states  that the normal order of the number  of distinct prime factors of a number  is .

Roughly speaking, this means that most numbers have about this number of distinct prime factors.

Normal order of an arithmetic function
In number theory, a normal order of an arithmetic function is some simpler or better-understood function which "usually" takes the same or closely approximate values.

Let f be a function on the natural numbers.  We say that g is a normal order of f if for every ε > 0, the inequalities

hold for almost all n: that is, if the proportion of n ≤ x for which this does not hold tends to 0 as x tends to infinity.

It is conventional to assume that the approximating function g is continuous and monotone.
PFA Merit Award
The Professional Footballers' Association Merit Award (often called the PFA Merit Award, or simply the Merit Award) is an award given by the Professional Footballers' Association (the PFA) for meritorious service to football.

The award was first given in 1974, and was won (jointly) by Bobby Charlton and Cliff Lloyd. The first woman to win the award was Steph Houghton in 2019. In 2022, the award was separated into two: women's and men's.

The most recent winners of the award are Sir Gareth Southgate and Emma Hayes.

Emma Hayes
Emma Carol Hayes OBE (born 18 October 1976) is an English professional football manager who is the head coach of the United States women's national team. She was previously manager of Chelsea Women from 2012 to 2024, winning seven Women's Super League titles, including five consecutively from 2020 to 2024. In 2024, she led the United States to a gold medal at the Paris Olympics. She was awarded the inaugural Women's Johan Cruyff Trophy that year as the best coach in the women's game.