hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Styllou Christofi
Styllou Pantopiou Christofi (Greek: Στυλλού Χριστοφή; 1900 – 15 December 1954) was a Greek Cypriot woman hanged in Britain for murdering her daughter-in-law. She was the penultimate woman to be executed in Britain, followed in 1955 by Ruth Ellis.

Ruth Ellis
Ruth Ellis (née Neilson; 9 October 1926 – 13 July 1955) was a Welsh-born nightclub hostess and convicted murderer who became the last woman to be executed in the United Kingdom following the fatal shooting of her lover, David Blakely.

Ellis was abused by her father from the age of 11 and entered the world of nightclub hostessing as a teen, which led to a chaotic life that included various relationships with men. One of these men was Blakely, a racing driver engaged to another woman. On Easter Sunday, 10 April 1955, Ellis shot Blakely dead outside The Magdala public house in Hampstead, London. She was immediately arrested by an off-duty policeman. At her trial in June 1955, Ellis was found guilty of premeditated murder and was sentenced to death; on 13 July she was hanged at Holloway Prison.
Dungeons & Dragons: Wrath of the Dragon God
Dungeons & Dragons: Wrath of the Dragon God is a 2005 direct-to-video American fantasy adventure film directed by Gerry Lively and written by Brian Rudnick and Robert Kimmel. The second instalment in the Dungeons & Dragons film series, it serves as a stand-alone sequel to Dungeons & Dragons (2000), which in turn was based on role-playing game of the same name. The only returning actor is Bruce Payne, reprising his role as Damodar.

The film premiered at the Sci-Fi Channel on October 10, 2005. It was released in theaters in Europe as well as some parts of North America and Latin America, and released on DVD on February 7, 2006.

Dungeons & Dragons: Wrath of the Dragon God was followed by Dungeons & Dragons 3: The Book of Vile Darkness, released direct-to-DVD in the United Kingdom on August 9, 2012.

Dungeons & Dragons 3: The Book of Vile Darkness
Dungeons & Dragons 3: The Book of Vile Darkness is a 2012 direct-to-video British dark fantasy adventure film directed by Gerry Lively. It is the third installment in the Dungeons & Dragons film series. Shot in Bulgaria in 2011, it was released direct-to-DVD in the United Kingdom on 9 August 2012 and premiered in the United States as a Syfy Original Movie on 24 November 2012.
Melaniya Vytvytska
Melaniya Vytvytska (December 31, 1887 – September 9, 1963, née Stelmah) was a Ukrainian public figure. The wife of the second President of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile, Stepan Vytvytskyi, she was also an activist of the Ukrainian women's movement.

In 1910 she married Stepan Vytvytskyi. In 1912, they had a son, Ihor Vytvitskyi.

From July 16, 1935, she was a member of the social assistance committee of the magistrate staff of the city of Drohobych.

On October 11, 1936, she was elected a member of the secretary of the Ukrainian National Society for the Protection of Children and guardianship of young people.

She worked in the Committee on Assistance to Political Prisoners, who were often sentenced by Polish courts for a long time, and in the Committee on Assistance to Military Persons with Disabilities.

She died on September 28, 1963, after a long and serious illness.

On October 2, 1963, she was buried at the Evergreen Cemetery in New Jersey.

Stepan Vytvytskyi
Stepan Porfyrovych Vytvytskyi (Ukrainian: Степан Порфирович Витвицький; 13 March 1884 – 9 October 1965), also known as Dr. Stepan Wytwycky, was a Ukrainian politician, diplomat, and journalist. He was the President of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile (1954–1965).
Demesne
A demesne (/dɪˈmeɪn, -ˈmiːn/ di-MAYN, -⁠MEEN) or domain was all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor under the feudal system for his own use, occupation, or support. This distinguished it from land subinfeudated by him to others as sub-tenants. In contrast, the entire territory controlled by a monarch both directly and indirectly via their tenant lords would typically be referred to as their realm. The concept originated in the Kingdom of France and found its way to foreign lands influenced by it or its fiefdoms.

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, royal demesne is the land held by the Crown, and ancient demesne is the legal term for the land held by the king at the time of the Domesday Book in 1086.

Subinfeudation
In English law, subinfeudation is the practice by which tenants, holding land under the king or other superior lord, carved out new and distinct tenures in their turn by sub-letting or alienating a part of their lands.

The tenants were termed mesne lords, with regard to those holding from them, the immediate tenant being tenant in capite. The lowest tenant of all was the freeholder, or, as he was sometimes termed, tenant paravail. The Crown, who in theory owned all lands, was lord paramount.

The great lords looked with dissatisfaction on the increase of such subtenures. Accordingly, in 1290 a statute was passed, Quia Emptores, which allowed the tenant to alienate whenever he pleased, but the person to whom he granted the land was to hold it for the same immediate lord, and by the same services as the alienor held it before.
Georgia State Route 236
State Route 236 is a 10.30-mile (16.58 km) long state highway in Fulton County and DeKalb County, Georgia. The route begins at Piedmont Road (SR 237) in south Buckhead and ends at Lawrenceville Highway (US 29/SR 8) in Tucker.  It is signed as Lindbergh Drive in Fulton County, and LaVista Road in DeKalb County.

Georgia State Route 8
State Route 8 (SR 8) is a 183-mile-long (295 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Haralson, Carroll, Douglas, Cobb, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Clarke, Oconee, Madison, Franklin, and Hart counties, bisecting the northern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway travels from its western terminus at US 78 and SR 4 at the Alabama state line west of Tallapoosa to its eastern terminus at US 29 at the South Carolina state line at the south end of Lake Hartwell. This was also the proposed State Route 808 (SR 808). The highway is concurrent with either US 29 or US 78 for its entire length.
Disappearance of Cherrie Mahan
Cherrie Ann Mahan (August 14, 1976 – disappeared February 22, 1985; declared legally dead November 5, 1998) was an eight-year-old American girl who disappeared on February 22, 1985, after disembarking a school bus approximately fifty feet from the base of the driveway to her home in rural Winfield Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania. She was declared legally dead in November 1998. Mahan's abduction is strongly believed not to have been committed by a family member.

Mahan's disappearance is one of the most infamous unsolved missing child cases in the United States. The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children featured Mahan as the first missing child to be depicted upon postcards distributed nationwide alongside a headline reading, "Have You Seen Me?" Efforts to locate Mahan, alive or deceased, are ongoing.

Butler County, Pennsylvania
40°55′N 79°55′W﻿ / ﻿40.91°N 79.91°W﻿ / 40.91; -79.91

Butler County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 193,763. Its county seat is Butler. Butler County was created on March 12, 1800, from part of Allegheny County and named in honor of General Richard Butler, a hero of the American Revolution. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.
AJ Tracey
Ché Wolton Grant (born 4 March 1994), known professionally as AJ Tracey, is a British rapper and record producer from Ladbroke Grove, London. Tracey rose to popularity in 2016 and was listed by The Guardian in a list of "best new acts to catch at festivals in 2016".

Tracey's fifth extended play, Secure the Bag! (2017), became his first entry on the UK Albums Chart, at number 13. His 2018 single, "Butterflies" (featuring Not3s), became his commercial breakthrough, peaking within the top 20 of the UK Singles Chart. His self-titled debut album (2019) was met with critical acclaim and peaked at number three on the UK Albums Chart. Its lead single, "Ladbroke Grove", peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the BPI.

AJ Tracey has released songs with recording artists such as Aitch, Dave, D-Block Europe, Digga D, Giggs, Mabel, Mahalia, MoStack, Skepta, Nelly Furtado, and his cousin Big Zuu.

Not3s
Lukman Olanrewaju Odunaikelistenⓘ (born 17 April 1998), better known by his stage name Not3s (pronounced Notes), is an English rapper and singer from Hackney, London. His songs include "My Lover" and "Fine Line", both of which are collaborations with Mabel.

His breakthrough song, "Addison Lee", has been described as a viral hit, achieving 17 million views on GRM Daily and has achieved much publicity for the singer. The song, which takes its name from the London-based ride sharing firm, achieved such popularity that Not3s was invited to the firm's Christmas party in KOKO to perform the song.

He was nominated for the BBC Sound of 2018.
Corday Productions
Corday Productions is an American production company. The company was founded by Ted and Betty Corday in 1965. The company produces the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives which they have produced since 1965. They are based in Burbank, California. The company is currently run by Ted and Betty Corday's son Ken Corday.

Betty Corday
Betty Corday (born Elizabeth Shay; March 21, 1912 – November 17, 1987) was a Broadway dramatic actress and long-time American television producer. She co-created and executive produced the long running NBC drama Days of Our Lives from 1966 until her death in 1987.
Actv
Actv S.p.A. (Azienda del Consorzio Trasporti Veneziano) is a public company responsible for public transportation in Venice and Chioggia municipalities and for interurban bus services in province of Venice. ACTV is not responsible for Venice People Mover (managed by AVM) or waterbus routes between airport and the lagoon area (managed by Alilaguna). Connections by bus with Venice airport are managed by ACTV and by ATVO.

Venice Marco Polo Airport
Venice Marco Polo Airport (IATA: VCE, ICAO: LIPZ) is the international airport of Venice, Italy. It is located on the mainland near the village of Tessera, a frazione of the comune of Venice located about 4.1 nautical miles (7.6 kilometres; 4.7 miles) east of Mestre (on the mainland) and around the same distance north of Venice proper. Due to the importance of Venice as a leisure destination, it features flights to many European metropolitan areas as well as some partly seasonal long-haul routes to the United States, Canada, South Korea and the Middle East. The airport handled 11,184,608 passengers in 2018, making it the fourth-busiest airport in Italy. The airport is named after Marco Polo and serves as a base for Volotea, Ryanair, Wizz Air and easyJet.

Another airport located in the Venice area, Treviso Airport, is sometimes unofficially labelled Venice – Treviso and serves low-cost airlines Ryanair and Wizz Air.
Museum of the History of Medicine, Paris
The Museum of the History of Medicine (French: Musée d'histoire de la médecine [myze distwaʁ də la medsin]) is a medical museum in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is located at 12 rue de l'École de Médecine, on the second floor of the historic École de Médecine building, nowadays part of Paris Cité University.

Since 1971, the headquarters of Paris Cité University (formerly Paris Descartes University) have been located in the former premises of the Medical School founded in 1803, and situated in the buildings of the Academy of Surgery.

The Museum of the History of Medicine is housed on the second floor of the building, in a room built in 1905.

Its collections, the oldest in Europe, were put together by the dean Lafaye in the 18th century, then a considerable collection of pieces covering the different branches of operating art until the end of the 19th century was added. One can also discover several rare medical and surgical bags as well as physiology tools.

École de Médecine (building)
The École de Médecine (French pronunciation: [ekɔl də medəsin], "School of Medicine"), or formerly the École de Chirurgie ([-ʃiʁyʁʒi], "Academy of Surgery"), is an academic and historic building of the Paris Cité University, located on the Latin Quarter campus, at 10–12 rue de l'École-de-Médecine in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. The building was the headquarters and main campus of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris from 1795 to 1971. Today it is the head office of the Paris Cité University.

The building gave its name to the current rue de l'École-de-Médecine, formerly rue des Cordeliers.
Pond5
Pond5 is a New York–based online marketplace for royalty-free media. The company licenses stock footage, stock music, stock photography, sound effects, Adobe After Effects templates, and 3D models. Pond5 claims to have the world's largest collection of stock footage, and that they host more than 44 million clips as of January 2025.

The company originally focused on selling video clips, but began to expand into other asset types following its 2013 acquisition of Pixmac, a stock photography site based in the Czech Republic. The acquisition added Pixmac’s 6,000+ photographers and support for 17 languages to the Pond5 marketplace.

Stock footage
Stock footage, and similarly, archive footage, library pictures, and file footage is film or video footage that can be used again in other films. Stock footage is beneficial to filmmakers as it saves shooting new material. A single piece of stock footage is called a "stock shot" or a "library shot". Stock footage may have appeared in previous productions but may also be outtakes, footage shot for previous productions and not used, or shot in order to be sold. Examples of stock footage that might be utilized are moving images of cities and landmarks, wildlife in their natural environments, and historical footage. Suppliers of stock footage may be either rights managed or royalty-free. Many websites offer direct downloads of clips in various formats.
Edinburgh Comedy Festival
Edinburgh Comedy Festival was a short-lived festival of comedy shows which operated during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in August 2008 and 2009. Effectively a marketing campaign for the "Big Four" venues at the Fringe - Assembly, Gilded Balloon, Pleasance and Underbelly - the designation was quietly dropped after widespread media and industry criticism.

Underbelly (events promoter)
Underbelly is a live events producer and venue operator, known as one of the "Big Four" venue operators at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. From its roots as a Fringe venue, the company has expanded to include a festival on London's South Bank and seasonal events in Edinburgh and elsewhere.
Peat pulp bath
A peat pulp bath, a form of peloid therapy, is a bath prepared of peat pulp from wetlands. Balneotherapy in form of peat pulp baths is offered in many health resorts. Its therapeutic principle is based on thermal and/or biochemical effects of peloid application on the human body.

Balneotherapy
Balneotherapy (Latin: balneum "bath") is a pseudoscientific method of treating diseases by bathing, a traditional medicine technique usually practiced at spas. Since ancient times, humans have used hot springs, public baths and thermal medicine for therapeutic effects. While it is considered distinct from hydrotherapy, there are some overlaps in practice and in underlying principles. Balneotherapy may involve hot or cold water, massage through moving water, relaxation, or stimulation. Many mineral waters at spas are rich in particular minerals such as silica, sulfur, selenium, and radium. Medicinal clays are also widely used, a practice known as 'fangotherapy'.
Arsenio Climaco
Arsenio Veloso Climaco (Toledo, June 24, 1870– Cebu City, November 15, 1952), the son of Valeriano (sibling of former governor Juan Clímaco) and Gliceria Veloso, was born on June 24, 1870 and grandson of Juan F. Climaco. Arsenio Climaco, who married Juanita Osmeña, was the Governor of Cebu province, Philippines from 1923 until 1930, succeeding Manuel Roa. The Great Depression began during his tenure, and he worked on repairing infrastructure damaged by a typhoon. He died on November 15, 1952. On September 10, 1968, the Cebu City Council renamed Orchid Street as Gov. Arsenio Climaco Street.

Juan Clímaco
General Juan Clímaco y Faller (December 24, 1859 – July 16, 1907) was the second governor of Cebu, Philippines, the first governor elected to the position, and a Cebu revolutionary during the Philippine–American War.
Asim Ahmed Khan
Asim Ahmed Khan is an Indian politician (Delhi State), and former minister of Food and Civil Supply, Environment and Forest, Minority Affairs and Election in the Delhi government. He was a member of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and represented Matia Mahal (Assembly constituency) in the 6th Delhi Assembly.

He left the AAP on 23 December 2024 and joined the Indian National Congress.

6th Delhi Assembly
The Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi was constituted on 14 February 2015 after the 2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly elections were concluded earlier that month. Second Kejriwal ministry was the cabinet during the term of 6th Delhi Assembly.
Scale-space axioms
In image processing and computer vision, a scale space framework can be used to represent an image as a family of gradually smoothed images.  This framework is very general and a variety of scale space representations exist.  A typical approach for choosing a particular type of scale space representation is to establish a set of scale-space axioms, describing basic properties of the desired scale-space representation and often chosen so as to make the representation useful in practical applications. Once established, the axioms narrow the possible scale-space representations to a smaller class, typically with only a few free parameters.

A set of standard scale space axioms, discussed below, leads to the linear Gaussian scale-space, which is the most common type of scale space used in image processing and computer vision.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
1959 Targa Florio
The 43° Targa Florio was a motor race for sportscars held on 24 May 1959 on the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, Sicily, Italy. It was the second round of the 1959 F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship and the 43rd running of the Targa Florio. Early that year, the event founder, Vincenzo Florio died and his nephew Vincent Paladion promised to keep alive Florio's Targa. “The Targa must continue... Promise me!..”

The race was won by Edgar Barth and Wolfgang Seidel driving a Porsche 718 RSK entered by Porsche KG.

1959 World Sportscar Championship
The 1959 World Sportscar Championship was the seventh FIA World Sportscar Championship.  It was a series for sportscars that ran in many worldwide endurance events.  It ran from 21 March 1959 to 5 September 1959, and comprised five races, following the 1000 km Buenos Aires being removed from the calendar, although the race did return in 1960.

The championship was won by Aston Martin.
Spatial memory
In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is a form of memory responsible for the recording and recovery of information needed to plan a course to a location and to recall the location of an object or the occurrence of an event. Spatial memory is necessary for orientation in space. Spatial memory can also be divided into egocentric and allocentric spatial memory. A person's spatial memory is required to navigate in a familiar city. A rat's spatial memory is needed to learn the location of food at the end of a maze. In both humans and animals, spatial memories are summarized as a cognitive map.

Spatial memory has representations within working, short-term memory and long-term memory. Research indicates that there are specific areas of the brain associated with spatial memory. Many methods are used for measuring spatial memory in children, adults, and animals.

Cognitive map
A cognitive map is a type of mental representation used by an individual to order their personal store of  information about their everyday or metaphorical spatial environment, and the relationship of its component parts. The concept was introduced by Edward Tolman in 1948. He tried to explain the behavior of rats that appeared to learn the spatial layout of a maze, and subsequently the concept was applied to other animals, including humans. The term was later generalized by some researchers, especially in the field of operations research, to refer to a kind of semantic network representing an individual's personal knowledge or schemas.
Outline of electrical engineering
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to electrical engineering.

Electrical engineering – field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical power supply. It now covers a range of subtopics including power, electronics, control systems, signal processing and telecommunications.

Power engineering
Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electric power, and the electrical apparatus connected to such systems. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power – the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world – a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks. Power engineering draws the majority of its theoretical base from electrical engineering and mechanical engineering.