hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
California v. Ciraolo
California v. Ciraolo, 476 U.S. 207 (1986), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that aerial observation of a person's backyard by police, even if done without a search warrant, does not violate the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

In the case, police in Santa Clara, California flew a private airplane over the property of Dante Ciraolo and took aerial photographs of his backyard after receiving an anonymous tip that he was growing marijuana plants.

Some legal scholars have called this case "the demise of private property" and that it contradicts prior case law such as Katz v. United States stating that, "Distinguishing ground level observation from aerial observation for purposes of interpreting the Fourth Amendment signals a return to the analysis adhered to in pre-Katz cases, namely a reliance upon the physical position of the observer rather than upon the privacy interests of the observed."

Katz v. United States
Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967), is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court redefined what constitutes a "search" or "seizure" with regard to the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The ruling expanded the Fourth Amendment's protections from an individual's "persons, houses, papers, and effects," as specified in the Constitution's text, to include any areas where a person has a "reasonable expectation of privacy." The reasonable expectation of privacy standard, now known as the Katz test, was formulated in a concurring opinion by Justice John Marshall Harlan II.

The Katz test has since been used in numerous cases, particularly because of technological advances that create new questions about privacy norms and government surveillance of personal data.
Carion the Egyptian
Carion the Egyptian was an Egyptian Christian monk who lived during the 4th century in Scetis, Lower Egypt. He was one of the Desert Fathers.

Carion left his wife and two children to become a monk in Scetis. His son was Zacharias the Recluse (also known as Zacharias of Scetis), who was sent to Scetis to become a monk with his father during a famine.

Wadi El Natrun
Wadi El Natrun (Arabic: وادي النطرون, lit. 'Valley of Natron'; Coptic: Ϣⲓϩⲏⲧ, romanized: Šihēt, lit. 'measure of the heart') is a depression in northern Egypt that is located 23 m (75 ft) below sea level and 38 m (125 ft) below the Nile River level. The valley contains several alkaline lakes, natron-rich salt deposits, salt marshes and freshwater marshes.

In Christian literature it is usually known as Scetis (Σκήτις  in Hellenistic Greek) or  Skete (Σκήτη, plural Σκήτες in ecclesiastical Greek). 
It is one of the three early Christian monastic centers located in the Nitrian Desert of the northwestern Nile Delta. The other two monastic centers are Nitria and Kellia. Scetis, now called Wadi El Natrun, is best known today because its ancient monasteries remain in use, unlike Nitria and Kellia which have only archaeological remains. The desertified valley around Scetis in particular may be called the Desert of Scetis.
Santorín (horse)
Santorín (4 August 1970-19 December 1993) was a Peruvian Thoroughbred racehorse who was the first to win the Peruvian Quadruple Crown and is known as 'Salvador de la Hípica Peruana'. He went on to win the Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini on 4 November 1973 by 13 lengths, a victory that is stated to have saved Peruvian horse racing. Santorín is regarded as the most important racehorse in Peruvian history and has a monument and race named after him at the Hipódromo de Monterrico. Santorín died on 19 December 1993, and he was buried at his owner's Haras Barlovento, where there now stands a museum dedicated to him.

The Clásico Santorín is a Group 3 race named after Santorín, run over 2800 meters on turf for horses three years old or older at Hipódromo de Monterrico.

A life size bronze statue of Santorín stands at Hipódromo de Monterrico, made in 1981 by Miguel Baca Rossi. In September, 2017, the statue moved to the paddock.

Hipódromo de Monterrico
The Hipódromo de Monterrico, also known as El Coloso de Surco, is a Thoroughbred horse racing facility opened in 1960 in Santiago de Surco District, Lima, Peru. Operated by the Jockey Club del Perú, it has a one and one-eight mile dirt racetrack with a one-mile inside track for turf racing.
2/3rd Anti-Tank Regiment (Australia)
The 2/3rd Anti-Tank Regiment was an Australian Army anti-tank artillery regiment that was raised for service during the Second World War as part of the all volunteer Second Australian Imperial Force. It was formed in July 1940, and was assigned to the 8th Division, but was later reassigned to the 9th Division. With this formation, the regiment took part in the Siege of Tobruk in 1941 and then the First and Second Battles of El Alamein in 1942. After returning to Australia in early 1943, the regiment became a corps-assigned unit, and its individual batteries served in New Guinea in 1943–1944, and then Borneo against the Japanese in 1945.

First Battle of El Alamein
The First Battle of El Alamein (1–27 July 1942) was a battle of the Western Desert campaign of World War II, fought in Egypt between Axis (German and Italian) forces of the Panzer Army Africa—which included the Afrika Korps under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel—and Allied (British Empire and Commonwealth) forces of the Eighth Army under General Claude Auchinleck.

In this battle the British halted a second advance by the Axis forces into Egypt. Axis positions near El Alamein, only 106 km (66 mi) from Alexandria, were dangerously close to the ports and cities of Egypt, the base facilities of the Commonwealth forces and the Suez Canal. However, the Axis forces were too far from their base at Tripoli in Libya to remain at El Alamein indefinitely, which led both sides to accumulate supplies for more offensives, against the constraints of time and distance.
Gerald R. Weeks
Gerald R. Weeks is an American author and lecturer. In 2017, he became Professor Emeritus as he retired from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Weeks received his PhD in Clinical Psychology. Since 1979, Weeks served in a number of professional positions, including Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of North Carolina, Program Director at the Council for Relationships, and later Clinical Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. He also served as President of the American Board of Family Psychology from 1988-1989.

He was a Professor and Chair of the Marriage and Family Therapy Program at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas from 1999-2013, becoming professor in 2013.

University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The 332-acre (134 ha) campus is about 1.6 mi (2.6 km) east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. It includes the Shadow Lane Campus, just east of the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, which houses the School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. UNLV's law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is the only law school in the state.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, UNLV spent $83 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 165th in the nation.
Belén Arrojo
María Belén Arrojo Jiménez (born 8 January 1995) is a Spanish basketball player who plays for Lointek Gernika Bizkaia and the Spanish national team. She is considered one of the most promising young players of Spanish basketball.

Spain women's national basketball team
The Spain women's national basketball team (Spanish: Selección Española de Baloncesto Femenina) represents Spain in international women's basketball competition and are regulated by the Spanish Basketball Federation, the governing body for basketball in Spain. Spain has one of the most successful women's national teams in the world, being the current FIBA Women's EuroBasket 2023 silver medallists.
Offa of Angel
Offa (nickname for Wulf) is a semi-legendary king of the Angles in the genealogy of the kings of Mercia presented in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. He is the son of Wermund and the father of Angeltheow.
His name is also mentioned in the Old English poem Widsith. He has been identified with Uffo (also Uffe, Uffi of Jutland), a legendary Danish king in the Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus, and the Gesta Danorum på danskæ.

Widsith
"Widsith" (Old English: Wīdsīþ, "far-traveller", lit. "wide-journey"), also known as "The Traveller's Song", is an Old English poem of 143 lines. It survives only in the Exeter Book (pages 84v–87r), a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the late-10th century, which contains approximately one-sixth of all surviving Old English poetry. "Widsith" is located between the poems "Vainglory" and "The Fortunes of Men". Since the donation of the Exeter Book in 1076, it has been housed in Exeter Cathedral in southwestern England. The poem is for the most part a survey of the people, kings, and heroes of Europe in the Heroic Age of Northern Europe.
Richard Freeman (bridge)
Richard A. Freeman (July 21, 1933 – June 29, 2009) was a world champion American bridge player holding the title of World Grand Master, the highest title of the World Bridge Federation. He won the Bermuda Bowl world team championship and won many national championships. Freeman was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 2001. At the time of his death he held 17,880 masterpoints.

North American Bridge Championships
North American Bridge Championships (NABC) are three annual bridge tournaments sponsored by the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL). The "Spring", "Summer", and "Fall" NABCs are usually scheduled in March, July, and November for about eleven days. They comprise both championship and side contests of different kinds (e.g. matchpoint pairs and knockout teams, one-day and two-day) in many classes of competition (e.g. open/women/senior or defined by masterpoints). Host cities in the United States and Canada are selected several years in advance.
Battle of Longeau
The Battle of Longeau, was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War on 16 December 1870 in Longeau-Percey, near Dijon, France. The fighting lasted about three hours, and ended in a French retreat. Victory went to the Prussian Infantry Brigade under Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz and the German XIV Corps infantry under the command of Lieutenant General August von Werder, over French troops commanded by General Pierre Arbellot de Vacqueur, semt from Langres to Longeau. The French suffered significant losses of both manpower and equipment.

XIV Corps (German Empire)
The XIV Army Corps / XIV AK (German: XIV. Armee-Korps) was a corps level command of the German Army before and during World War I. It was, effectively, also the army of the Grand Duchy of Baden, which, in 1871, had been integrated into the Prussian Army command structure, as had the armies of most German states. Both divisions and the bulk of the corps' support units were from the grand duchy. The corps was established in 1870, after the Siege of Strasbourg.

It was assigned to the V Army Inspectorate, which became the 7th Army at the start of the First World War. It was still in existence at the end of the war as part of the 18th Army, Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz on the Western Front.
Felipe Kitadai
Felipe Kitadai (born July 28, 1989) is a judoka from Brazil. He won a bronze medal at the 2012 Olympics and a gold at the 2011 Pan American Games. He also won gold medals six consecutive times in the Pan American Games Judo Championships: at 2011 Guadalaraja, 2012 Montreal, 2013 San José, 2014 Guayaquil, 2015 Edmonton and 2016 Havana.

2011 Pan American Judo Championships
The 2011 Pan American Judo Championships was held in Guadalajara, Mexico at the CODE II Gymnasium from April 1–2, 2011. The event is being held as a test event for the 2011 Pan American Games. Also this event is one of the qualification event for the judo events at the 2011 Pan American Games.
Neodymium compounds
Neodymium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal neodymium (Nd). In these compounds, neodymium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as NdCl3, Nd2(SO4)3 and Nd(CH3COO)3. Compounds with neodymium in the +2 oxidation state are also known, such as NdCl2 and NdI2. Some neodymium compounds have colors that vary based upon the type of lighting.

Neodymium compounds in fluorescent tube light—from left to right, the sulfate, nitrate, and chloride

Neodymium compounds in compact fluorescent lamp light

Neodymium compounds in normal daylight

Neodymium(III) chloride
Neodymium(III) chloride or neodymium trichloride is a chemical compound of neodymium and chlorine with the formula NdCl3.  This anhydrous compound is a mauve-colored solid that rapidly absorbs water on exposure to air to form a purple-colored hexahydrate, NdCl3·6H2O. Neodymium(III) chloride is produced from minerals monazite and bastnäsite using a complex multistage extraction process. The chloride has several important applications as an intermediate chemical for production of neodymium metal and neodymium-based lasers and optical fibers. Other applications include a catalyst in organic synthesis and in decomposition of waste water contamination, corrosion protection of aluminium and its alloys, and fluorescent labeling of organic molecules (DNA).
Queen's Gaels football
The Queen's Gaels football team represents Queen's University in the sport of Canadian football. The Gaels compete at the U Sports football level, within the Ontario University Athletics (OUA) conference. Queen's began competing in intercollegiate football in 1882. The Gaels play in the Richardson Memorial Stadium in Kingston, which has a capacity of 8,000.

Since its inception, the team has won 23 Yates Cup championships and four Vanier Cup championships, the most recent being in 2009. Unique to only two Canadian universities (the other being University of Toronto Varsity Blues), Queen's has also won three Grey Cup championships (1922, 1923, 1924).

The program has had three Hec Crighton Trophy winners, Larry Mohr and Tommy Denison, who won it twice.

45th Vanier Cup
The 45th Vanier Cup was played on November 28, 2009, at PEPS Stadium in Quebec City, Quebec, and decided the CIS Football champion for the 2009 season. In the first Vanier Cup game played in the province of Quebec, the Queen's Golden Gaels came from behind to defeat the Calgary Dinos 33-31. The Gaels, who were down by 18 points at halftime, scored 25 unanswered points in what was the biggest overcome deficit in Vanier Cup history.

Queen's quarterback Danny Brannagan, in his last CIS game, was named the Ted Morris Memorial Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the game. Queen's linebacker Chris Smith received the Bruce Coulter Award as the Most Outstanding Defensive Player of the game.
Eugeniusz Okoń
Eugeniusz Okoń (25 December 1881 – 19 January 1949) was a Polish priest, activist, and politician. Elected to the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria and the Legislative Sejm of the Second Polish Republic, he was a founder of the Radical Peasant Party (ChSR), and the co-founder of the Republic of Tarnobrzeg, which was established during a popular uprising on 6 November 1918.

Legislative Sejm (Second Polish Republic)
The Legislative Sejm or Constituent Sejm (Polish: Sejm Ustawodawczy) was the first national parliament (Sejm), and simultaneously Constituent Assembly of the newly independent Poland, sitting from 1919 to 1922. It was elected in the 1919 Polish legislative election.
Tony Ronaldson
Anthony Dean Ronaldson (born 25 May 1972) is an Australian former professional basketball player who played the majority of his career in the Australian National Basketball League (NBL). Known as "The Bear", Ronaldson played for the Eastside Spectres, South East Melbourne Magic, Victoria Titans, Perth Wildcats and New Zealand Breakers in the NBL. He played in seven NBL Grand Final series and won two championships, both with the Magic in 1992 and 1996. He also represented Australia at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta and again in 2004 in Athens

Nunawading Spectres
Nunawading Spectres is a NBL1 South club based in Melbourne, Victoria. The club fields a team in both the Men's and Women's NBL1 South. The club is a division of Melbourne East Basketball Association (MEBA), the major administrative basketball organisation in the City of Whitehorse. The Spectres play their home games at Nunawading Basketball Centre.
Larry Conjar
Lawrence Wayne Conjar (born October 28, 1945) is an American former professional football running back who played four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Cleveland Browns, Philadelphia Eagles and Baltimore Colts. He was selected by the Browns in the second round of the 1967 NFL/AFL draft after playing college football at the University of Notre Dame.

1967 NFL/AFL draft
The 1967 NFL/AFL draft was conducted March 14–15, 1967, at the Gotham Hotel in New York City. It was the first common draft between the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL), part of the AFL–NFL merger agreement of June 1966.

This draft was delayed as new guidelines were established; redshirt (or "future") players were no longer eligible. It began on a Tuesday in mid-March (first five rounds); the previous two years the leagues held their separate drafts on the final Saturday of November, immediately following the college football regular season.

The expansion New Orleans Saints initially had the first overall pick; a week before the draft, they traded it to the Baltimore Colts, who selected defensive end Bubba Smith of Michigan State.
INSAS rifle
The INSAS, or Indian Small Arms System, is a family of infantry arms consisting of an assault rifle and a light machine gun (LMG). These weapons were developed in India by the Armament Research and Development Establishment and manufactured by the Ordnance Factories Board at its various factories. It was the standard infantry weapon of the Indian Armed Forces for almost three decades.

Light machine gun
A light machine gun (LMG) is a light-weight machine gun designed to be operated by a single infantryman, with or without an assistant, as an infantry support weapon. LMGs firing cartridges of the same caliber as the other riflemen of the same combat unit are often referred to as squad automatic weapons. Unlike submachine guns, LMGs do not use pistol cartridges.
Ocellate river stingray
The ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro), also known as the peacock-eye stingray or black river stingray, is a species of freshwater stingray in the family Potamotrygonidae. It was the first species to be described in the family and is also the most widespread, ranging throughout much of the Río de la Plata, Amazon, Mearim and Orinoco basins in tropical and subtropical South America. It is sometimes kept in aquaria.

Mearim River
The Mearim River (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [meaˈɾĩ]) is a river in Maranhão state of northern Brazil. The river originates in the southern part of Maranhão, and drains north into the Baía de São Marcos, an estuary that also receives the Pindaré and Grajaú rivers, which are sometimes considered tributaries of the Mearim. The lower Mearim is known for its pororoca, or tidal bore.

The Mearim is approximately 800 kilometers long, flowing through the marshlands of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. It meets the Atlantic Ocean at the Sao Marcos Bay, where it forms a common estuary with another river, Pindare. The Mearim's primary source of water is rain. The river's upper and middle courses are characterized by rapids. Only the lower sections of the Mearim are suitable for navigation.
The river defines the southern boundary of the Tocantins–Araguaia–Maranhão moist forests ecoregion.
A.R.C. (album)
A.R.C. is an album by American jazz pianist Chick Corea, British jazz bassist Dave Holland and American jazz drummer Barry Altschul, recorded over January 11–13, 1971 and released on ECM later that year.

Dave Holland (bassist)
David Holland (born 1 October 1946) is an English double bassist, bass guitarist, cellist, composer and bandleader who has been performing and recording for five decades. He has lived in the United States since the early 1970s.

His extensive discography ranges from solo performances to pieces for big band. Holland runs his own independent record label, Dare2, which he launched in 2005.
Curtis Jones (basketball)
Curtis Jalen Jones (born October 4, 2001) is an American professional basketball player for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Grand Rapids Gold of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Indian Hills Warriors, Buffalo Bulls and Iowa State Cyclones.

Indian Hills Community College
Indian Hills Community College (IHCC) is a public community college in Iowa with campuses in Ottumwa and Centerville. IHCC serves both traditional residential students and commuter students, primarily from a ten-county area in southeast Iowa as well as portions of northern Missouri. This regional service area includes the cities of Ottumwa, Centerville, Oskalossa, Fairfield, Albia, Bloomfield, and Chariton. IHCC is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
VTuber Legend
VTuber Legend: How I Went Viral After Forgetting to Turn Off My Stream, or VDen for short, is a Japanese light novel series written by Nana Nanato and illustrated by Siokazunoko. The series originated on the novel posting websites Hameln and Kakuyomu in 2020, before being published in ten volumes under Fujimi Shobo's Fujimi Fantasia Bunko light novel imprint from May 2021 to February 2025. The series is licensed in English by J-Novel Club. A manga adaptation by Roto Fujisaki began serialization in Kadokawa Shoten's Comp Ace magazine in August 2023. An anime television series adaptation produced by TNK aired from July to September 2024.

TNK (company)
TNK Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社ティー・エヌ・ケー, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Tii Enu Kee) is a Japanese animation studio located in Nerima, Tokyo Prefecture. It was established on January 29, 1999 by Nagateru Kato, a former producer from Tatsunoko Production. They have produced a number of series to date, most notably their adaptations of School Days and High School DxD, among others such as Hand Maid May, I My Me! Strawberry Eggs, UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie, and Kannazuki no Miko.