hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Workers' Hymn
The Workers' Hymn (Italian: L'Inno dei Lavoratori) or Workers' Song (Il Canto dei Lavoratori), also known as the Hymn of the Italian Workers' Party (L'Inno del Partito Operaio Italiano), is an Italian socialist anthem written by Filippo Turati, and set to music by Amintore Galli.

Published in March 1886, the song was composed for the Italian Workers' Party, led by Costantino Lazzari. It quickly became popular, and is considered one of the most significant historic songs of the Italian workers' movement, alongside Bandiera Rossa, The Internationale, and the Hymn of the First of May . It was censored by successive governments of the Kingdom of Italy, including during the First World War and under Fascist Italy.

Despite the anthem's popularity, its authors were ashamed of their work. Turati later declared the poem "a juvenile poetic sin", while Galli kept his authorship of the music unknown, and was tormented by fear and stress in his later life due to its popularity and censorship.

Socialism in Italy
Socialism in Italy is a political movement that developed during the Industrial Revolution over a course of 120 years, which came to a head during the Revolutions of 1848. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were a growing number of social changes. The outbreak of the First World War accelerated economic differentiation causing a wider wealth gap. This is seen as one of the key factors that triggered the emergence of Italian socialism.

The socialist movement has played a significant role in shaping Italy's identity. The Italian Socialist Party (PSI) was one of the first modern democratic organizations in Italy. As a main political party in twentieth-century Italy, the PSI not only significantly influenced Italy's development, but also contributed to the democratic process on a national scale.
Fairmount, North Dakota
Fairmount is a city in Richland County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 343 at the 2020 census. Fairmount was founded in 1884. It is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

In July 1884, a tornado destroyed the schoolhouse in Fairmount. Fifteen students were injured, and the teacher's leg was fractured.

Wahpeton, North Dakota
Wahpeton (/ˈwɑːpɪtən/ WAH-pit-ən) is a city in Richland County, in southeast North Dakota along the Bois de Sioux River at its confluence with the Otter Tail River, which forms the Red River of the North. Wahpeton is the county seat of Richland County. The population was 8,007 at the 2020 census.

Wahpeton was founded in 1869 and is the principal city of the Wahpeton Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Richland County, North Dakota and Wilkin County, Minnesota. Wahpeton's twin city is Breckenridge, Minnesota, on the other side of the river. The Bois de Sioux River and the Otter Tail River join at Wahpeton and Breckenridge to form the Red River of the North.

The North Dakota State College of Science is in Wahpeton. The local newspaper is the Wahpeton Daily News. Wahpeton is also home to the Chahinkapa Zoo, the first zoo built in North Dakota.
Kilingi-Nõmme
Kilingi-Nõmme is a town in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Saarde Parish. It is located on the intersection of Valga–Uulu (Valga–Pärnu, no. 6) and Tartu–Viljandi–Kilingi-Nõmme (no. 92) roads, about 11 km (7 mi) from the Estonian border with Latvia.

Valga, Estonia
Valga (German: Walk; Latvian: Valka) is a town in southern Estonia and the capital of Valga County and Valga Parish. Until their separation in 1920, Valga and the town of Valka in northern Latvia were one town. They are now twin-towns. The area of Valga is 16.5 square kilometres (6.4 square miles). The population is 12,261. On 21 December 2007 all border-crossing points were removed and roads and fences opened between the two countries with both countries joining the Schengen Agreement.
Pancreatic disease
Pancreatic diseases are diseases that affect the pancreas, an organ in most vertebrates and in humans and other mammals located in the abdomen. The pancreas plays a role in the digestive and endocrine system, producing enzymes which aid the digestion process and the hormone insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. The most common pancreatic disease is pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas which could come in acute or chronic form. Other pancreatic diseases include diabetes mellitus, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, cystic fibrosis, pseudocysts, cysts, congenital malformations, tumors including pancreatic cancer, and hemosuccus pancreaticus.

Pancreatic tumor
A pancreatic tumor is an abnormal growth in the pancreas. In adults, almost 90% are pancreatic cancer and a few are benign. Pancreatic tumors are rare in children.

Classification is based on cellular differentiation (ductal, acinar, neuroendocrine, other) and gross appearance (intraductal, cystic, solid). Each different type of pancreatic tumor has a different appearance when examined under a microscope. These unique microscopic features and genetic markers are what allow for proper diagnosis and treatments in patients with pancreatic cancers.
Phoenix Marketcity (Mumbai)
Phoenix Marketcity is situated in Kurla, Mumbai. It is developed by The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd., and has a total retail space area of 1.14 million square feet. It houses 311 stores with domestic and foreign brands, including PVR Cinemas, which has 14 movie screens, and 70 restaurants. Its sister mall in Mumbai is High Street Phoenix, located in Lower Parel.

The nearest railway stations are Kurla railway station and Vidyavihar railway station. The nearest bus stop is Kamani.

High Street Phoenix
High Street Phoenix, formerly known as Phoenix Mall, is one of the largest shopping malls in India, situated in Lower Parel, Mumbai. Its gross floor area is 3,300,000 square feet (310,000 m2). In addition to the mall, the compound hosts a five-star hotel, a multiplex, commercial space and a residential tower.

The mall consists of SkyZone and Grand Galleria. South Asia's largest 20 lane bowling concourse was first started here in the year 1996. India's first Hyper market concept Big Bazaar was introduced in 2001 at High Street Phoenix.
Solly Shoke
General Solly Zacharia Shoke, OMBG, SBS, MMS, OMS (born 15 August 1956) is a South African military commander. He joined uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the military wing of the African National Congress, in the 1970s, and served as a field commander fighting against the South African government in the 1980s. He transferred to the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) when MK was incorporated into it in 1994, and  served as Chief of the South African National Defence Force 2011 to 30 May 2021.

Order of Mendi for Bravery
The Order of Mendi for Bravery is a South African civilian honour awarded to South Africans who have performed acts of bravery in attempts to save lives or property. It is granted by the President of South Africa for acts performed by South African citizens anywhere in the world. Instituted on 30 November 2003, it was originally called the Mendi Decoration for Bravery and was renamed as an order on 22 October 2004.

The order is named after a World War I troopship, the SS Mendi, which sank after a collision in 1917, killing more than 600 black South African troops. Although it is a civilian honour, it has been awarded to military units, including units involved in rescuing the victims of the 1991 MTS Oceanos wreck and the 2000 Mozambican floods.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) insensitivity also known as Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic and endocrine syndrome which is characterized by inactivating mutations of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) and thus an insensitivity of the receptor to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), resulting in a partial or complete loss of the ability of the gonads to synthesize the sex hormones. The condition manifests itself as isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), presenting with symptoms such as delayed, reduced, or absent puberty, low or complete lack of libido, and infertility, and is the predominant cause of IHH when it does not present alongside anosmia.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is a tropic peptide hormone synthesized and released from GnRH neurons within the hypothalamus. GnRH is inhibited by testosterone. The peptide belongs to gonadotropin-releasing hormone family. It constitutes the initial step in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.
Sierra Nevada National Park (Venezuela)
The Sierra Nevada National Park (SNNP) is a National Park of Venezuela located between the states of Mérida and Barinas in western Venezuela. It was created on May 2, 1952, by decree of President Germán Suárez Flamerich in an attempt to protect the Sierra Nevada de Mérida in the Andes.

It was declared a national park 15 years after the creation of Henri Pittier National Park, which was the first Venezuelan national park to be created.

The park includes many of the tallest mountains in the Venezuelan Andes, including Pico Bolívar, the highest peak in Venezuela at 4,978 m (16,332 ft).

Pico Bolívar
Pico Bolívar is the highest mountain in Venezuela, at 4,978 metres (16,332 ft). Located in Mérida State. It can be reached only by walking; the Mérida cable car, which was the highest and longest cable car in the world when it was built, only reaches Pico Espejo. From there it is possible to climb to Pico Bolívar. The peak is named after the Venezuelan independence hero Simón Bolívar.

The Pico Bolívar is located on the mountain previously called La Columna, next to El León (4,743 m) and El Toro (4,695 m). The new name was suggested by Tulio Febres Cordero in 1925. It was officially renamed on December 30, 1934.
Salami slicing tactics (politics)
Salami slicing tactics, also known as salami slicing, salami tactics, the salami-slice strategy, or salami attacks is a term used to describe a divide and conquer process of threats and alliances to overcome opposition.

Divide and conquer
The term divide and conquer in politics refers to an entity gaining and maintaining political power by using divisive measures. This includes the exploitation of existing divisions within a political group by its political opponents, and also the deliberate creation or strengthening of such divisions.
Primary Colours (Magic! album)
Primary Colours is the second full-length studio album by Canadian reggae fusion band MAGIC! The album was released on July 1, 2016, through Latium and RCA Records worldwide. It serves as the follow-up to the band's debut studio album, Don't Kill the Magic (2014). The album was led by the single "Lay You Down Easy", featuring Sean Paul.

Don't Kill the Magic
Don't Kill the Magic is the debut studio album by Canadian reggae fusion band Magic!. It was released on 30 June 2014, through Latium Entertainment and RCA Records. The production on the album was primarily handled by Adam Messinger along with the other members of the band. The album was preceded by the single "Rude" which peaked at number six in Canada and became a chart-topper in the United States and the United Kingdom and top ten hit in Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden.

Don't Kill the Magic also spawned three other singles: "Don't Kill the Magic", "Let Your Hair Down" and "No Way No". The album received generally positive reviews from music critics and was a moderate commercial success. It debuted at number six on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 36,000 copies in its first week.
Pietro Scalia
Pietro Scalia (born March 17, 1960) is an Italian-American film editor and producer, best known for his work with directors Ridley Scott, Gus Van Sant and Oliver Stone. He has won two Academy Awards for Best Film Editing, for Stone's JFK (1991) and Black Hawk Down (2001), out of four total nominations. His other accolades include two American Cinema Editors Awards, two BAFTA Awards, and a Satellite Award.

American Cinema Editors
Founded in 1950, American Cinema Editors (ACE) is an honorary society of film editors who are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements, their education of others, and their dedication to editing. Members use the post-nominal letters "ACE". The organization's "Eddie Awards" are routinely covered in trade magazines such as The Hollywood Reporter and Variety. The society is not an industry union, such as the I.A.T.S.E. (specifically the Motion Picture Editors Guild or MPEG), to which an editor might also belong. The current president of ACE is Kevin Tent, who was elected in 2020.
Canon A series
Canon’s A series is Canon's amateur series of manual focus 35 mm single lens reflex cameras.  The first camera, the AE-1, was introduced in April 1976 while the final camera, the AL-1, was released in March 1982.  All have a Canon FD lens mount compatible with Canon's extensive range of manual-focus lenses.

Canon AE-1 (April 1976)

Canon AT-1 (December 1976)

Canon A-1 (April 1978)

Canon AV-1 (May 1979)

Canon AE-1 Program (April 1981)

Canon AL-1 (March 1982)

Canon AL-1
The Canon AL-1 was an FD mount, 35mm single-lens reflex camera introduced in March 1982.  Its main feature was the "Quick Focus" focus-assist system that was aimed at those who had trouble focusing through the viewfinder—either novices, or those with poor eyesight—and was intended to head off competition from the first full-autofocus cameras from other manufacturers, such as the Pentax ME F.
Cleo (magazine)
Cleo was an Australian monthly women's magazine. The magazine was founded in 1972 in Australia; the Australia and New Zealand editions were discontinued in February 2016. Aimed at an older audience than the teenage-focused  Australian magazine Dolly, Cleo was published by Bauer Media Group in Sydney and was known for its Cleo Bachelor of the Year award. In June 2020, Cleo was acquired by the Sydney investment firm Mercury Capital.

Cleo was founded  by Ita Buttrose, and Kerry Packer (heir to Australian Consolidated Press). The magazine was modelled off of Cosmopolitan following ACP's loss of the bid for an Australian licence.

The magazine was a monthly publication, published twelve times per year.

Dolly (magazine)
Dolly (stylised in all-caps) was an Australian bimonthly teen magazine started in 1970 by Fairfax Ltd. in Australia and New Zealand, and purchased by ACP in 1988. The magazine produced over 400 issues and had a readership of 505,000 in 2007. The print edition ceased in December 2016, at which point the magazine became online only. In June 2020, the magazine was purchased from the Bauer Media Group by Mercury Capital. As of September 2023, the Dolly website ceased and now redirects to the website for Girlfriend.

Dolly was the basis and inspiration for Sassy Magazine (1987–1996) in the United States. The magazine was aimed at girls aged 13–17 and covered celebrity news and gossip, fashion and beauty and various feature articles aimed at or dealing with issues faced by teenage girls.
His Hare-Raising Tale
His Hare-Raising Tale is a 1951 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes short, directed by Friz Freleng and written by Warren Foster. The short was released on August 11, 1951, and stars Bugs Bunny and his nephew Clyde Bunny.

This cartoon consists primarily of clips from five previous cartoons:  Baseball Bugs (1946); Stage Door Cartoon (1944); Rabbit Punch (1948); Falling Hare (1943); and Haredevil Hare (1948).

Haredevil Hare
Haredevil Hare is a 1948 Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Chuck Jones. It stars Bugs Bunny and it is the debut for Marvin the Martian — who is unnamed in this film — along with his Martian dog, K-9. It is the last pre-August 1948 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoon whose distribution rights were sold to Associated Artists Productions.
HMS Myngs (1914)
HMS Myngs was an Admiralty M-class destroyer which served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M-class ships were an improvement on those of the preceding L class, capable of higher speeds. Myngs, the first ship to enter Royal Navy service to be named after Vice-Admiral Sir Christopher Myngs, was launched in 1914. initially serving as part of the Grand Fleet, the vessel was involved in escorting troop ships like RMS Mauretania  before being transferred to the Harwich Force in 1915. Placed within the Dover Patrol, the destroyer continued to operate as an escort, as well as taking part in sorties against German warships. The vessel formed part of the cover for monitors including Erebus and Terror for an attack on Zeebrugge in 1918. Towards the end of the war, Myngs sank the monitor Glatton, which was alight following an internal explosion, with a single torpedo. After the Armistice, the destroyer was placed in reserve and subsequently sold to be broken up in 1921.

Admiralty M-class destroyer
The M class, more properly known as the Admiralty M class, were a class of 85 destroyers built for the Royal Navy of United Kingdom that saw service during World War I. All ships were built to an identical – Admiralty – design, hence the class name. Eighteen other vessels which were officially included within the 'M' class were built to variant designs by three specialist builders – 10 by Yarrow, 6 by Thornycroft (who also built another 6 to the standard Admiralty design), and 2 by Hawthorn Leslie; these are covered in other articles.

The Admiralty design was based on the preceding L class but modified to produce an increase in speed by approximately 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph). All ships built to the Admiralty design had three identical narrow, circular funnels (this did not apply to the 18 ships built by the specialist yards).
Spring Garden Street station
Spring Garden Street station was a train station in the Poplar neighborhood of Philadelphia, United States. It was built by the Reading Railroad and located on the Reading Viaduct. Service to Spring Garden Street ended in 1984 with the opening of the Center City Commuter Connection, which bypassed the Reading Terminal, and the building was demolished in 2021.

Reading Terminal
The Reading Terminal (/ˈrɛdɪŋ/ RED-ing) is a complex of buildings that includes the former Reading Company main station located in the Market East section of Center City in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It comprises the Reading Terminal Headhouse, Trainshed, and Market.
Edward Gaylord
Edward Lewis Gaylord  (May 28, 1919 – April 27, 2003) was an American billionaire businessman, media mogul and philanthropist. He was the founder of the Gaylord Entertainment Company that included The Oklahoman newspaper, Oklahoma Publishing Co., Gaylord Hotels, the Nashville Network TV Channel (later renamed SpikeTV, Spike, and Paramount Network after being sold off); the Grand Ole Opry, and the Country Music Television Channel (CMT) as well as the defunct Opryland USA theme park and a bankrupt airline, Western Pacific Airlines.

TNN (American TV channel)
TNN (originally The Nashville Network; later known as The National Network and The New TNN) was an American country music-oriented cable television network. Programming included music videos, taped concerts, movies, game shows, syndicated programs, and numerous talk shows. On September 25, 2000, after an attempt to attract younger viewers failed, TNN's country music format was changed and the network was renamed The National Network, and eventually became Spike TV in 2003 and Paramount Network in 2018.
KCB Bank Rwanda Limited
KCB Bank Rwanda was a commercial bank in Rwanda and a subsidiary of Kenyan KCB Group. It was one of the banks licensed by the National Bank of Rwanda, the country's banking regulator.

As of June 2015, KCB Rwanda was a medium-sized financial service provider, with estimated total assets of about US$190.2 million (RWF:140 billion) and shareholders' equity of approximately US$16.3 million (RWF:12 billion).

National Bank of Rwanda
The National Bank of Rwanda (Kinyarwanda: Banki Nkuru Y'u Rwanda, French: Banque Nationale du Rwanda) is the central bank of Rwanda.
The bank was founded in 1964. The current governor of the bank is Soraya Munyana Hakuziyaremye.
Nandakhani
Nandakhani is a mountain of the Kumaun Himalaya in Uttarakhand India. The elevation of Nandakhani is 6,029 metres (19,780 ft) and its prominence is 69 metres (226 ft). It is 169th highest located entirely within the Uttrakhand. Nanda Devi, is the highest mountain in this category. It lies .932 km SE of Nanda Bhanar 6,236 metres (20,459 ft) its nearest higher neighbor. Dangthal 6,050 metres (19,849 ft) lies 4.6 km SSE and it is 2.2 km SSE of Nanda Kot 6,861 metres (22,510 ft). It lies 19.2 km east of Maiktoli 6,803 metres (22,320 ft).

Nanda Kot
Nanda Kot ( Kumaoni-नन्दा कोट) is a mountain peak of the Himalaya range located in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand state in India. It lies in the Kumaon Himalaya, just outside the ring of peaks enclosing the Nanda Devi Sanctuary, 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Nanda Devi itself. The name Nanda Kot literally means "Nanda's Fortress" and refers to the abode of one of the sacred forms of the Hindu Goddess Parvati who in legend has made her sanctuary amongst the ring of lofty mountains in the region.
Sanguisorbic acid
Sanguisorbic acid is a constituent of some ellagitannins. It is constituted by a hexahydroxydiphenic acid unit linked by an O-C bond to a gallic acid. The differences with its isomers, valoneic acid and nonahydroxytriphenic acid, are that the hydroxyl that links the hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) group to the galloyl group belongs to the galloyl group in valoneic acid, while in nonahydroxytriphenic acid, the hexahydroxydiphenic acid unit is linked by a C-C bond to gallic acid.

It is found in 2,3-O-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-4,6-O-sanguisorboyl-(α/β)-glucose, an ellagitannin found in Rubus sanctus. It is also found in lambertianin A, B, C and D, all ellagitannins found in Rubus lambertianus.

Gallic acid
Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C6H2(OH)3CO2H. It is classified as a phenolic acid. It is found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. It is a white solid, although samples are typically brown owing to partial oxidation.  Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed "gallates".

Its name is derived from oak galls, which were historically used to prepare tannic acid. Despite the name, gallic acid does not contain gallium.
Iyo-Matsuyama Domain
Iyo-Matsuyama Domain (伊予松山藩, Iyo-Matsuyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now central Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It was centered around Matsuyama Castle, and was ruled throughout most of its history by the shinpan daimyō Hisamatsu-Matsudaira clan. Iyo-Matsuyama Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Ehime Prefecture.

Ehime Prefecture
Ehime Prefecture (愛媛県, Ehime-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [eꜜ.çi.me, e.çi.meꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,334,841 and a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the northeast, Tokushima Prefecture to the east, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southeast. Ehime Prefecture also borders Hiroshima Prefecture for 74 metres (243 ft) on Hyōtanjima.

Matsuyama is the capital and largest city of Ehime Prefecture and the largest city on Shikoku, with other major cities including Imabari, Niihama, and Saijō.

Notable past Ehime residents include three Nobel Prize winners: Kenzaburo Oe (1994 Nobel Prize in Literature), Shuji Nakamura (2014 Nobel Prize in Physics), and Syukuro Manabe (2021 Nobel Prize in Physics).