hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parabiaugmented dodecahedron
In geometry, the parabiaugmented dodecahedron is one of the Johnson solids (J59). It can be seen as a dodecahedron with two pentagonal pyramids (J2) attached to opposite faces. When pyramids are attached to a dodecahedron in other ways, they may result in an augmented dodecahedron (J58), a metabiaugmented dodecahedron (J60), a triaugmented dodecahedron (J61), or even a pentakis dodecahedron if the faces are made to be irregular.

A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that are composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.

Johnson solid
In geometry, a Johnson solid, sometimes also known as a Johnson–Zalgaller solid, is a convex polyhedron whose faces are regular polygons. They are sometimes defined to exclude the uniform polyhedra. There are 92  solids with such a property: the first solids are the pyramids, cupolas, and a rotunda; some of the solids may be constructed by attaching with those previous solids, whereas others may not.
Culture Vannin
Culture Vannin is the trading name for the Manx Heritage Foundation, established in 1982 by the Isle of Man Government to promote Manx culture, heritage and language. It was rebranded in February 2014, having previously been known as the "Manx Heritage Foundation" (Manx: Undinys Eiraght Vannin), since the former title "held connotations more towards the cultural history of the island" which were not felt to be accurate to the organisation's progressive approach to invigorating Manx culture. Culture Vannin's motto is "Taking our culture forward".

Isle of Man Government
The Isle of Man Government (Manx: Reiltys Ellan Vannin) is the government of the Isle of Man. The formal head of the Isle of Man Government is the Lieutenant Governor, the personal representative of the Lord of Mann (currently Charles III). The executive head is the Chief Minister.

Douglas, the capital city in the Isle of Man, home to the seat of government, is where most Government offices and the parliament chambers (Tynwald) are located.

The Civil Service has more than 2,000 employees and the total number of public sector employees including civil servants, teachers, nurses, police, etc. was 7,413 full-time equivalent on 31 March 2019. This is just under 10% of the population of the Island and 21% of the working population. This does not include any military forces, as defence is the constitutional responsibility of the United Kingdom.
Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria
Arnulf II (birth unknown; died 14 July 937), also known as  the Bad (German: der Schlimme), the Evil (der Böse) or the Wicked, a member of the Luitpolding dynasty, held the title of Duke of Bavaria from about 907 until his death in 937. He is numbered in succession to Arnulf of Carinthia, counted as Arnulf I.

Arnulf of Carinthia
Arnulf of Carinthia (c. 850 – 8 December 899) was the duke of Carinthia who overthrew his uncle Emperor Charles the Fat to become the Carolingian king of East Francia from 887, the disputed king of Italy from 894, and the disputed emperor from 22 February 896 until his rival Lambert's death in late 898. He died on 8 December 899 at Ratisbon just a year later, in Bavaria. He was the last member of the Carolingian dynasty from the male line to rule in Italy as both King and Emperor, despite his rule being contested by his rivals Lambert of Italy and his cousin Berengar I of Italy.
Natasha Johnson
Natasha Johnson (born 1977/1978) is an American politician and businesswoman who has served in the California State Assembly from the 63rd district since September 2025, after winning a special election to replace Bill Essayli. She previously served on the city council of Lake Elsinore, California, including three terms as mayor, from 2012 to 2025.

Bill Essayli
Bilal Ali "Bill" Essayli (born November 24, 1985) is an American lawyer and politician who currently serves as the First Assistant United States Attorney for the Central District of California. He previously served as the interim United States attorney for the Central District of California from April to July 2025. A federal judge ruled that he had illegally served as the acting US Attorney. Essayli was disqualified from holding the position because he stayed on beyond the initial interim period without having received official congressional approval, and was immediately reassigned to the First Assistant United States Attorney role.

Essayli served as a member of the California State Assembly from 2022 until 2025. A Republican, he was the first Muslim elected to the California State Assembly, where he represented the 63rd district, which includes Canyon Lake, Corona, Eastvale, Lake Elsinore, Menifee, Norco, Riverside, Temescal Valley, and Woodcrest.
The Dark Tower: The Drawing of the Three - Lady of Shadows
The Dark Tower: The Drawing of the Three - Lady of Shadows is a five-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics. It is the thirteenth comic book miniseries based on Stephen King's The Dark Tower series of novels. It is plotted by Robin Furth, scripted by Peter David, and illustrated by Jonathan Marks and Lee Loughridge, with covers by Nimit Malavia. Stephen King is the Creative and Executive Director of the project. The first issue was published on September 2, 2015.

The Dark Tower (comics)
The Dark Tower, first published in 2007, is a series of comic books (originally published by Marvel Comics and later republished by Gallery 13) based on Stephen King's The Dark Tower series of novels. Overall, it is plotted by Robin Furth and scripted by Peter David. Stephen King serves as Creative and Executive Director of the project.
Dano-Dutch colonial conflict on the Gold Coast
The Dano-Dutch colonial conflict on the Gold Coast (Danish: Dansk-Hollandske kolonikonflikt på Guldkysten, Dutch: Deens-Nederlands koloniaal conflict aan de Goudkust) was a colonial conflict between the Danes and Dutch over the control of European fortifications on the Gold Coast. Denmark-Norway, assisted by England, defeated the Dutch in various places, although Michiel de Ruyter retaliated against the English by recapturing all forts but Cape Coast. This forced the Royal African Company into bankruptcy, an event which started the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

Second Anglo-Dutch War
The Second Anglo-Dutch War began on 4 March 1665 and concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Breda on 31 July 1667. It was one in a series of naval wars between England and the Dutch Republic, driven largely by commercial disputes.

Despite several major battles, neither side was able to score a decisive victory, and by the end of 1666 the war had reached stalemate. Peace talks made little progress until the Dutch Raid on the Medway in June 1667 forced Charles II to agree to the Treaty of Breda.

By eliminating a number of long-standing issues, the terms eventually made it possible for England and the Dutch Republic to unite against the expansionist policies pursued by Louis XIV of France. In the short-term however, Charles's desire to avenge this setback led to the Third Anglo-Dutch War in 1672.
Sovereign's Prize
The Sovereign's Prize, referred to as the Queen's Prize or the King's Prize depending on the incumbent British monarch, is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious prizes in the sport globally. Founded in 1860, it was originally held annually on Wimbledon Common in London. The competition later moved to the purpose-built Bisley Camp where it is still held today.

The winner receives a gold medal and £250. Strictly, the "Queen's Prize" refers to the £250 cash prize, which was originally the personal gift of Queen Victoria. The gold medal is awarded by the Association. As of 2024, the Prize has been contested 155 times, breaking only for the World Wars. Although contested on an open basis, it has only been won three times by women (in 1930, 2000 and 2022). Six people have won it three times.

National Shooting Centre
The National Shooting Centre, commonly referred to as Bisley, is the UK's largest shooting sports complex, comprising several shooting ranges as well as the large Bisley Camp complex of accommodation, clubhouses and support services. The centre is located between the villages of Bisley (from which it takes it colloquial name) and Brookwood in Surrey. The site is wholly owned by the National Rifle Association (NRA).
Spanky DeBrest
Jimmy "Spanky" DeBrest (April 24, 1937 in Philadelphia – March 2, 1973 in Philadelphia) was an American jazz bassist.

DeBrest played with Lee Morgan in his early years in Philadelphia. In 1957 he was a member of Ray Draper's Quintet, Jackie McLean, pianist Mal Waldron, and drummer Ben Dixon.

He played with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers until 1958 which included Bill Hardman on trumpet and certain sessions with Thelonious Monk on piano. Other credits include work with John Coltrane, Clifford Jordan, Ray Draper, Lee Morgan, and J. J. Johnson. His last recordings were made in 1971.

Lee Morgan
Edward Lee Morgan (July 10, 1938 – February 19, 1972) was an American jazz trumpeter and composer. One of the key hard bop musicians of the 1960s and a cornerstone of the Blue Note label, Morgan came to prominence in his late teens, recording with bandleaders like John Coltrane, Curtis Fuller, Dizzy Gillespie, Hank Mobley and Wayne Shorter, and playing in Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers.

Morgan stayed with Blakey until 1961 and started to record as leader in the late '50s. Morgan's solo recordings often alternated between conventional hard bop sessions and more adventurous post-bop and avant-garde experiments, many of which did not see release during his lifetime. His composition "The Sidewinder", on the album of the same name, became a surprise crossover hit on the pop and R&B charts in 1964. After a second stint in Blakey's band, Morgan continued to work prolifically as both a leader and a sideman until his death in 1972.
Chittagong Division cricket team
Chattogram Division cricket team represents the Chittagong Division, one of the eight administrative regions in Bangladesh. The team was founded in 1999 to compete in the National Cricket League (NCL) and plays first-class cricket. For the short-lived National Cricket League Twenty20 in 2010, the team adopted the name Cyclones of Chittagong. The equivalent team in the Bangladesh Premier League is the Chittagong Kings.

Chittagong Division play most of their home games at the Bir Shrestho Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman Cricket Stadium (BSFLMRCS) in the port city of Chittagong. The BSFLMRCS has superseded the older District Stadium, Chottogram (DSC) as Chittagong's main cricket venue. The District Stadium is now used primarily for football.

National Cricket League
The National Cricket League (Bengali: জাতীয় ক্রিকেট লিগ) is the oldest domestic first-class cricket competition in Bangladesh. It is contested by teams representing eight regional divisions of Bangladesh.
Bad Harzburg station
Bad Harzburg railway station (German: Bahnhof Bad Harzburg) serves the spa town of Bad Harzburg in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the southern terminus of the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway, one of the oldest lines in Germany, and the eastern terminus of a branch line to nearby Oker station. Regional rail services are operated by Deutsche Bahn AG and Erixx GmbH.

Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway
The Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway is a 47 km long German main line railway in the northern foothills of the Harz. It is one of the oldest lines in Germany and the first government-owned railway in Germany.
Jørn Øien
Jørn Øien (born 19 January 1968 in Narvik) is a Norwegian jazz pianist and keyboard player. He is known from a number of festival performances and record releases, and cooperations with the likes of Thorgeir Stubø, Kjersti Stubø, Ernst-Wiggo Sandbakk, John Pål Inderberg, Tore Brunborg, Knut Værnes, Kjell Karlsen, Terje Gewelt, Roger Johansen, Paal Nilssen-Love, Per Zanussi and Torstein Lofthus.

Kjell Karlsen
Kjell Oddvar Karlsen (29 July 1931 – 5 May 2020) was a Norwegian band leader, composer, arranger, jazz pianist and organist, and a Nestor of Norwegian music and show business, with a career spanning more than 60 years. He was the father of the singer Webe Karlsen.
The Old Dame and her Hen
"The Old Dame and her Hen" is the English title given by Dasent to the Norwegian folk tale, Asbjørnsen and Moe’s number 35.

The tale's original title, "Høna tripper i berget" is more accurately rendered "The Hen is Tripping in the Mountain", as given in Reidar Thoralf Christiansen's translation.

The tale is categorized as Aarne-Thompson type 311, "Rescue by the Sister."

Norwegian Folktales
Norwegian Folktales (Norwegian: Norske folkeeventyr) is a collection of Norwegian folktales and legends by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe.  It is also known as Asbjørnsen and Moe, after the collectors.
Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Sukhumi
The Sukhumi massacre took place on 27 September 1993, during and after the fall of Sukhumi into separatist hands in the course of the War in Abkhazia. It was perpetrated against Georgian civilians of Sukhumi, mainly by militia forces of Abkhaz separatists and North Caucasian allies. It became part of a violent ethnic cleansing campaign carried out by the separatists.

Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
The Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (CMPC; Russian: Конфедерация горских народов Кавказа (КГНК); until 1991 known as Assembly of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus) was a militarised political organisation in the North Caucasus, active around the time of before the dissolution of the Soviet Union and after, between 1989 and 2000. It played a decisive role in the 1992–1993 war between Abkhazia and Georgia, rallying militants from the North Caucasian republics. Its forces have been accused by Georgia of committing war crimes, including the ethnic cleansing of Georgians. The Confederation has been inactive since the assassination of its second leader, Yusup Soslanbekov, in 2000.
BVD
BVD is a brand of men's underwear, which are commonly referred to as "BVDs". The brand was founded in 1876 and named after the last initials of the three founders of the New York City firm: Joseph W. Bradley, Luther C. Voorhees, and Lyman H. Day. The BVD brand, originally produced for men and women, in the United States is now produced solely for men by Fruit of the Loom. The BVD brand is also sold in Japan.

Fruit of the Loom
Fruit of the Loom is an American company that manufactures clothing, particularly casual wear and underwear. The company's world headquarters are located in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Since 2002, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway.

Products manufactured by Fruit of the Loom itself and through its subsidiaries include clothing (t-shirts, hoodies, jackets, sweatpants, shorts and lingerie), and sports equipment (softballs and basketballs) manufactured and commercialized by Spalding.
H. W. Amarasuriya
Henry Woodward Amarasuriya (14 October 1904 – 6 March 1981) was a Ceylonese plantation owner, politician, educationist and philanthropist. He was the Minister for Trade and Commerce in the cabinet of D. S. Senanayake. A former member of the Ceylon state council, H. W. Amarasuriya was a founding member and the first general secretary of the United National Party. He also held the position of Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees in the first parliament of Ceylon. A member of the first Education Executive Committee of the state council and a former general manager of the Buddhist schools, he did a great service to improve the education in Ceylon.

Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
The Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees is a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (and its predecessors the National State Assembly, the House of Representatives and the State Council) who presides over sittings of Parliament in the absence of the Speaker. The current deputy speaker and chairman of committees is Rizvie Salih.
Magic: The Gathering Pro Tour season 2008
The 2008 Pro Tour season was the thirteenth season of the Magic: The Gathering Pro Tour. It began on 15 December 2007, with Grand Prix Stuttgart, and ended on 14 December 2008, with the 2008 World Championship in Memphis. The season consisted of twenty-one Grand Prixs, and four Pro Tours, located in Kuala Lumpur, Hollywood, Berlin, and Memphis. The Grand Prixs from June until August were designated Summer Series Grand Prixs, awarding more prizes and additional Pro Points. At the end of the season, Shuhei Nakamura became the fourth consecutive Japanese player to win Pro Player of the year. Dirk Baberowski, Michael Turian, Jelger Wiegersma, Olivier Ruel, and Ben Rubin were inducted into the Hall of Fame.

Magic: The Gathering Players Tour
The Players Tour (PT) is a competitive international league for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game, culminating in the World Championship. It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world, each requiring an invitation to participate. The Players Tour permanently replaced the Pro Tour in the 2020 season. Every PT awards a total of $250,000 in cash prizes, with $50,000 going to the winner. The Players Tour is split into three regions: Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Each region hosts three events, resulting in nine Players Tour events per season.
Switzer Canyon
Switzer Canyon is a canyon in San Diego, California.  It is situated to the east of Balboa Park and serves as the boundary between the neighborhoods of North Park and South Park.  Switzer Canyon remains an oasis of natural vegetation between some of the city's most urban neighborhoods and is a prime example of San Diego county's unique canyon-laced topography.

Balboa Park (San Diego)
Balboa Park is a 1,200-acre (490 ha) historic urban cultural park in San Diego, California. Placed in reserve in 1835, the park's site is one of the oldest in the United States dedicated to public recreational use. The park hosts various museums, theaters, restaurants, and the San Diego Zoo. It is managed and maintained by the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of San Diego.

Balboa Park hosted the 1915–16 Panama–California Exposition and 1935–36 California Pacific International Exposition, both of which left architectural landmarks. The park and its historic exposition buildings were declared a National Historic Landmark and National Historic Landmark District in 1977, and placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Shona Laing
Shona Laing (born 9 October 1955) is a New Zealand musician. She was raised in Eastbourne, a suburb of Lower Hutt, and was a student at Hutt Valley High School when her musical talents first came to public notice. Laing had several folk hits in her native country and in the 1980s became internationally popular for her alternative music, most notably "(Glad I'm) Not a Kennedy" and "Soviet Snow" which was based on the Chernobyl disaster. Various alternative radio stations in the US such as WLIR played songs from her "South" album and she became internationally known.  Laing contributed to Manfred Mann's Earth Band album Somewhere in Afrika and contributed music to, and appeared in, the 1985 action film Shaker Run.

Manfred Mann's Earth Band
Manfred Mann's Earth Band are  an English rock band formed by South African musician Manfred Mann. Their hits include covers of Bruce Springsteen's "For You", "Blinded by the Light" and "Spirit in the Night". After forming in 1971 and with a short hiatus in the late 1980s/early 1990s, the Earth Band continues to perform and tour, as of 2024.
Vikramsinh Patankar
Vikramsinh Ranjitsinh Patankar (born 27 December 1943) is an Indian politician from Maharashtra, who was a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA), representing the Patan (Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha constituency) for five terms since 1983 to 2014,  winning 1983, 1985, 1990, 1995, 1999 and 2009 elections. He is a senior leader of the Nationalist Congress Party.

He served as the Minister of  Public works in the cabinet of Vilasrao Deshmukh from 1999 to 2004. In July 2004, he was given additional charge of Tourism Ministry in the Sushilkumar Shinde's cabinet.

Sushilkumar Shinde
Sushilkumar Sambhaji Shinde (born 4 September 1941) is an Indian former police officer and statesman from the state of Maharashtra. He was the Minister of Home Affairs, Minister of Power in the Manmohan Singh government, and the Leader of the House in Lok Sabha. He previously served as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra from 18 January 2003 to 4 November 2004. He also served as Governor of Andhra Pradesh prior to serving as central minister.
Mathematical Optimization Society
The Mathematical Optimization Society (MOS), known as the Mathematical Programming Society (MPS) until 2010, is an international association of researchers active in  optimization. The MOS encourages the research, development, and use of optimization—including mathematical theory, software implementation, and practical applications (operations research).

Founded in 1973 (1973), the MOS has several activities: Publishing journals and a newsletter, organizing and cosponsoring conferences, and awarding prizes.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Kubota Domain
Kubota Domain (久保田藩, Kubota han) was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province (modern-day Akita Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Kubota Castle in what is now the city of Akita and was thus also known as the Akita Domain (秋田藩, Akita han). It was governed for the whole of its history by the Satake clan. During its rule over Kubota, the Satake clan was ranked as a Province-holding daimyō (国持ち大名, kunimochi daimyō) family, and as such, had the privilege of shogunal audiences in the Great Hall (Ohiroma) of Edo Castle.

In the Boshin War of 1868–69, the domain joined the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei, the alliance of northern domains supporting the Tokugawa shogunate, but then later defected to the imperial side. As with all other domains, it was disbanded in 1871.

Abolition of the han system
The abolition of the han system (廃藩置県, haihan-chiken) in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (大名, daimyō, feudal lords) were required to return their authority to the Emperor Meiji and his house. The process was accomplished in several stages, resulting in a new centralized government of Meiji Japan and the replacement of the old feudal system with a new oligarchy.