hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stratified randomization
In statistics, stratified randomization is a method of sampling which first stratifies the whole study population into subgroups with same attributes or characteristics, known as strata, then followed by simple random sampling from the stratified groups, where each element within the same subgroup are selected unbiasedly during any stage of the sampling process, randomly and entirely by chance. Stratified randomization is considered a subdivision of stratified sampling, and should be adopted when shared attributes exist partially and vary widely between subgroups of the investigated population, so that they require special considerations or clear distinctions during sampling. This sampling method should be distinguished from cluster sampling, where a simple random sample of several entire clusters is selected to represent the whole population, or stratified systematic sampling, where a systematic sampling is carried out after the stratification process.

Simple random sample
In statistics, a simple random sample (or SRS) is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from a larger set (a population) in which a subset of individuals are chosen randomly, all with the same probability. It is a process of selecting a sample in a random way. In SRS, each subset of k individuals has the same probability of being chosen for the sample as any other subset of k individuals. Simple random sampling is a basic type of sampling and can be a component of other more complex sampling methods.
Jackson Sousa
Jackson Sousa dos Santos (born January 24, 1990) is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) and grappling competitor and instructor. A winner of several major championships in coloured belts, such as IBJJF World Championship, IBJJF European Championship and CBJJ Brazilian Nationals; Sousa is a black belt World No-Gi champion, a 2 x European champion (in Gi and No-Gi) and a 3 x Pan No-Gi champion.

A BJJ black belt under Ricardo Vieira, Sousa has competed at international grappling events, including Absolute Championship Berkut, Polaris Pro Grappling and Metamoris. Souza was considered in 2017 one of CheckMat's most prolific competitors.

Ricardo Vieira
Ricardo Alcantara Vieira commonly known as Rico Vieira or Ricardinho is a Brazilian grappler, a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Instructor, and Competitor. He was born on 9 January 1979.
He is one of the Viera brothers (Léo and Leandro), who lead and fight for Checkmat.
Elaver madera
Elaver madera is a species of spider in the spider family Clubionidae.  It was first named Clubionoides madera when circumscribed in 1966.  It is closely allied to Elaver texana and its related species, which are mostly found in the American tropics.

It is a relatively large clubionid species, about 1/2 inch (13.90 mm) in length overall.  Its carapace and appendages are pale yellowish brown, and its abdomen is gray covered with fine hairs.

The female holotype and paratype were collected at Madera Canyon, Arizona in June, 1952.

Sac spider
The sac spiders of the family Clubionidae are nocturnal, sac-building hunting spiders with a near-worldwide distribution. Their sacs, silken retreats in which they hide during the day, may be made in a variety of places, including between folded leaves or grass blades, under bark and below rocks or other ground litter.

Although formerly a much larger catch-all taxon, in its current definition the family contains less than 700 described species across 18 genera, of which Clubiona is by far most species-rich, with 528 accepted species as of November 2024.
Ragnarsdrápa
Ragnarsdrápa (Old Norse: ‘Drápa about Ragnarr’) is a skaldic poem attributed to the oldest known skald, Bragi inn gamli (‘the old’) Boddason, who lived in the 9th century. Bragi describes the myths depicted on a decorated shield given to him by a certain Ragnar.

The poem is often compared with other early Skaldic examples of ekphrasis, especially Haustlöng and Húsdrápa, which also describe artworks depicting mythological scenes. Like Haustlöng, it uses archaic and complex kennings in a manner that strains the syntax.

Haustlöng
Haustlǫng (Old Norse: 'Autumn-long'; anglicized as Haustlöng) is a skaldic poem composed around the beginning of the 10th century by the Norwegian skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir.

The poem has been preserved in the 13th-century Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson, who quotes two groups of stanzas from it and some verses to illustrate technical features of skaldic diction. Snorri also drew inspiration from Þjóðólfr to redact his own version of the myths told in Haustlöng.

The poem describes mythological scenes said by the skald to have been painted on a shield: Loki's betraying of Iðunn, the goddess who kept the Æsir eternally young - who was snatched from them by the jötunn Þjazi after he had assumed eagle form; and Thor's victorious combat against the strongest of the jötnar, Hrungnir.
1999 Luzon earthquake
On December 12, 1999, a Mw7.3 earthquake struck the northern coast of Zambales in the Philippines. It was felt in various provinces on the island of Luzon including as far north as Ilocos Norte and as far south as Quezon. This is the second earthquake with a magnitude of 7 to hit the area in 10 years with a Mw7.7  earthquake having occurred in 1990 which killed more than 2,000 people.

1990 Luzon earthquake
The 1990 Luzon earthquake occurred on July 16 at 3:26 p.m. (PST) on the densely populated island of Luzon in the Philippines. The shock had a surface-wave magnitude of 7.8 and produced a 125 km-long ground rupture that stretched from Dingalan to Kayapa. The event was a result of strike-slip movements along the Philippine Fault and the Digdig Fault within the Philippine fault system. The earthquake's epicenter was near the town of Rizal, Nueva Ecija, northeast of Cabanatuan. An estimated 1,621 people were killed, most of the fatalities located in Central Luzon and the Cordillera region.
William G. Webster
Lieutenant General William Glenn Webster (born July 3, 1951)  is a retired senior officer in the United States Army and a former commander of the Third United States Army/United States Army Central. Webster assumed command of the Third Army/Army Central on May 9, 2009 from Lieutenant General James J. Lovelace and during his tenure was responsible for moving the Third Army's headquarters from Fort McPherson, where it had resided for 62 years, to Shaw Air Force Base in 2011. Webster was succeeded as commanding officer of the Third Army upon his retirement by Lieutenant General Vincent K. Brooks on June 3, 2011. While commanding Third Army, Webster oversaw the transition towards full-spectrum operations in the Third Army from a more narrow focus on combat operations as well as the Third Army's role in sustaining United States military activity in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Vincent K. Brooks
Vincent Keith Brooks (born 24 October 1958) is a retired United States Army general who last commanded United States Forces Korea, United Nations Command, and ROK-U.S. Combined Forces Command. He previously served as the commanding general of United States Army Pacific and prior to that as the commanding general of Third Army.   Brooks was the United States Central Command Deputy Director of Operations during the War in Iraq, and frequently briefed the media, which raised his public profile. He also served as the Chief of Army Public Affairs The Pentagon. He was the deputy commander of 1st Cavalry Division in Baghdad during the 2006–2008 "surge" and upon returning to the United States became the commanding general of the same division. He later was commanding general of the 1st Infantry Division. Brooks assumed command in Korea on 30 April 2016, and was succeeded by Robert B. Abrams in November 2018, then retired on 1 January 2019.
Carat (mass)
The carat (ct) is a unit of mass equal to 200 mg (0.00705 oz; 0.00643 ozt), which is used for measuring gemstones and pearls.
The current definition, sometimes known as the metric carat, was adopted in 1907 at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures, and soon afterwards in many countries around the world. The carat is divisible into 100 points of 2 mg. Other subdivisions, and slightly different mass values, have been used in the past in different locations.

In terms of diamonds, a paragon is a flawless stone of at least 100 carats (20 g).

The ANSI X.12 EDI standard abbreviation for the carat is CD.

Ounce
The  ounce (/ˈaʊns/) is any of several different units of mass, weight, or volume and is derived almost unchanged from the uncia, an Ancient Roman unit of measurement.

The avoirdupois ounce (exactly 28.349523125 g) is 1⁄16 avoirdupois pound; this is the United States customary and British imperial ounce. It is primarily used in the United States.

Although the avoirdupois ounce is the mass measure used for most purposes, the 'troy ounce' of exactly 31.1034768 g is used instead for the mass of precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, etc.

The term 'ounce' is also used in other contexts:

The ounce-force is a measure of force (see below).

The fluid ounce is a measure of volume.

Historically, a variety of different ounces measuring mass or volume were used in different jurisdictions by different trades and at different times in history.
M&M's Break' Em
M&M's Break' Em is a 2007 puzzle video game developed by Frame Studios Interactive and published by Destination Software for the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS. The game is similar to Gem Smashers, a 2003 title by the same developer, featuring tile-breaking gameplay.

The game's story mode revolves around controlling one of five M&M's with constant vertical movement, completing various levels—by destroying crystals to free other M&M's, avoiding hazards, and fighting bosses—to defeat Mr. Runch, a rotten and dangerous peanut determined to become an M&M. In addition to this single-player campaign, the game features a local multiplayer mode, wherein two players compete to break more crystals.

M&M's Break' Em is the fifth M&M's video game, succeeding M&M's Blast!, a 2001 title for the Game Boy Advance. The game received mixed reviews from critics and was followed by M&M's Kart Racing, a kart racing game released for the Wii in 2007 and for the DS in 2008.

Gem Smashers
Gem Smashers is a puzzle video game developed in Italy by Frame Studios and published by Metro3D for the Game Boy Advance. The game was released in North America on July 1, 2003, and in Japan on November 21, 2003.
Pennsylvania Route 505
Pennsylvania Route 505 (PA 505) is a 2.8-mile-long (4.5 km) state highway located in northwest Pennsylvania. The route is a continuation of PA 97 along the Perry Highway and ends at U.S. Route 20 (US 20) in Erie as Glenwood Park Avenue.

U.S. Route 19 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 19 (US 19) in Pennsylvania is closely paralleled by Interstate 79 (I-79) for its entire length. US 19 enters Pennsylvania from the West Virginia state line in Greene County near Mount Morris. Its northern terminus is at US 20 in the city of Erie. Part of it is named for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, hero of the Battle of Lake Erie.
James Morris (golfer)
James Ogilvy Fairlie Morris (8 January 1856 – 8 April 1906) was a Scottish professional golfer. Morris had multiple top-10 finishes in The Open Championship, including a third-place finish in the 1878 event held at Prestwick Golf Club in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. He was the son of Tom Morris, Sr., also known as Old Tom Morris, and was named after James Ogilvie Fairlie, a mentor and patron of his father. He died in 1906 aged 50 of heart failure, unmarried.

Old Tom Morris
Thomas Mitchell Morris (16 June 1821 – 24 May 1908), otherwise known as Old Tom Morris, and The Grand Old Man of Golf, was a Scottish golfer. He was born in St Andrews, Fife, the "home of golf" and location of the St Andrews Links, and died there as well. Young Tom Morris (died 1875), also a golfer, was his son.
Murray Sinclair
Calvin Murray Sinclair CC KC OM MSC (Ojibwe name Mazina Giizhik; January 24, 1951 – November 4, 2024) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. On April 2, 2016, Sinclair was appointed to the Senate of Canada, serving until his resignation on January 31, 2021. Prior to his appointment to the senate, he was chair of the Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission from 2009 to 2015.

On July 1, 2021, Sinclair became the 15th Chancellor Queen's University, succeeding Jim Leech.He declined to seek reappointment, with his term expiring on June 30, 2024. Instead, he accepted a new role as the Chancellor Emeritus and Special Advisor to the Principal on Reconciliation of Queen's University.

Order of Manitoba
The Order of Manitoba is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Instituted in 1999 when Lieutenant Governor Peter Liba granted royal assent to the Order of Manitoba Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Manitoba residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Manitoba Crown.
Fahamore
Fahamore (Irish: An Fhaiche Mhór, meaning 'the big green') is a townland and small village on the Maharees peninsula in County Kerry. It consists of about 50 houses and a pub. Fahamore is located on the shore of Brandon Bay and is a centre for diving, surfing, windsurfing and sea bass fishing. It is also a centre for currach building, and currachs are still used locally, including at the local fishing harbour at Scraggane.

Scraggane
Scraggane (Irish: An Scragán) is a fishing port located on the Maharees peninsula near Castlegregory in County Kerry, Ireland.

The main local catch consists of lobster, flat-back crab, spider crab, Atlantic crayfish, Atlantic salmon and mackerel. Scraggane is home to a fleet of about twenty fishing trawlers.

Scraggane Bay is used as a flatwater windsurfing venue owing, and is also sailable in almost any conditions, regardless of wind direction.
2022 World Polo Championship
The 2022 World Polo Championship was the 12th edition of the polo tournament for national teams. Spain clinched a win in overtime against the USA, 11-10. It was held from October 26 to November 6 and featured eight teams with up to 14 goals of handicap.

It was originally scheduled to be held in October 2021 at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California. The event was postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the venue changed to the Valiente Polo Farm and International Polo Club Palm Beach in Wellington, Florida.

The previous winner Argentina and host country the United States automatically qualified with the remaining six teams competing in qualifications matches.

Wellington, Florida
Wellington is a village in Palm Beach County and 66 mi (106 km) north of Miami. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area and the fifth largest municipality in Palm Beach County by population. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 61,637 according to the U.S. Census Bureau, making it the most populous village in the state.
Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet
The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet (CSJ) are a Catholic congregation of women religious which traces its origins to the Sisters of St. Joseph founded in Le Puy-en-Velay, France, around 1650. The design of the congregation was based on the spirituality of the Society of Jesus. The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet became a separate congregation of pontifical right on May 16, 1877.

Sisters of St. Joseph
The Sisters of St. Joseph, also known as the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph, abbreviated CSJ or SSJ, is a Catholic religious congregation of women founded in Le Puy-en-Velay, France, in 1650. This congregation, named for Saint Joseph, has approximately 9,500 members worldwide: 2,584 in the United States; 2,000 in France; and are active in 50 other countries.
Valéry Inkijinoff
Valéry Ivanovitch Inkijinoff (Russian: Валерий Иванович Инкижинов, romanized: Valery Ivanovich Inkizhinov; 25 March 1895 – 26 September 1973), sometimes known mononymously as Inkijinoff, was a Russian-French actor, director, acting teacher, and theatre practitioner. Born to a Buryat family in Irkutsk, he began his career in Soviet cinema, playing the lead role in Vsevolod Pudovkin's 1928 film Storm Over Asia. He immigrated to France in the 1930s, where he became a favorite villain for exotic adventure and crime films.

Vsevolod Pudovkin
Vsevolod Illarionovich Pudovkin (Russian: Всеволод Илларионович Пудовкин, IPA: [ˈfsʲevələt ɪl(ː)ərʲɪˈonəvʲɪtɕ pʊˈdofkʲɪn]; 28 February 1893 – 30 June 1953) was a Soviet film director, screenwriter and actor who developed influential theories of montage. Pudovkin's masterpieces are often contrasted with those of his contemporary Sergei Eisenstein; Eisenstein utilized montage to glorify the power of the masses, while Pudovkin preferred to concentrate on the courage and resilience of individuals. He was granted the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1948.
Royal New Brunswick Regiment
The Royal New Brunswick Regiment (Carleton & York) (RNBR) is a reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army based in New Brunswick. It was formed in 1954 by amalgamation of the Carleton and York Regiment, the New Brunswick Scottish and the North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment as the New Brunswick Regiment. The "Royal" designation was added in 1956. The Royal New Brunswick Regiment is part of 37 Canadian Brigade Group, 5th Canadian Division. The RNBR holds 65 battle honours, mostly by perpetuation of the regiments it was formed from.

North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment
The North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army, and is part of the 5th Canadian Division's 37 Canadian Brigade Group. The regiment is headquartered in Bathurst, New Brunswick, with sub-units in Newcastle (present day Miramichi), Campbellton and Moncton.
Ghulam Haider Wyne
Ghulam Haider Wyne (1940 – 29 September 1993) was a Pakistani politician who served as the tenth chief minister of Punjab from 1990 to 1993. He was a senior leader of Islami Jamhoori Ittehad, and later the Pakistan Muslim League (N).

Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)
The chief minister of Punjab (Punjabi/Urdu: وزیرِ اعلیٰ پنجاب, romanized: Wazīr-ē-Aʿlā Panjāb) is the head of government of the Pakistani province of Punjab. Elected by the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, the chief minister leads the executive branch of the government of Punjab along with their appointed cabinet, with the governor of Punjab serving as the nominal head of executive and province. The chief minister is elected by a majority in the Punjab Assembly, where they serve as leader of the House. The office is held by virtue of the officeholder's ability to command the confidence of the Assembly, with no term limits. Maryam Nawaz Sharif is the 19th and current chief minister of Punjab.

The office of Chief Minister is located in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab province and is known as the CM Secretariat.
Philip Campose
Lieutenant General Philip Campose, PVSM, AVSM & Bar, VSM was the Vice Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army and assumed office on 1 August 2014 succeeding General Dalbir Singh. He retired on 31 July 2015 and was succeeded by Lieutenant General Man Mohan Singh Rai.

Dalbir Singh Suhag
General Dalbir Singh Suhag, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC (born 28 December 1954) is a former Indian High Commissioner to Seychelles and a former Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army. He was the 26th  COAS of the Indian Army, serving from 31 July 2014 to 31 December 2016, and Vice Chief of the Army Staff prior to that.
Toyfinity
Toyfinity is an independent toy company and artist collective. They produce figure kits compatible with Onell Design's Glyos System Series. Several are former lines previously released by Ideal Toy Company. The toys are made of interchangeable parts, and hearken back to the durable, small-scale action figures of the 1980s. The figures can be described as a cross between an Action figure and a Lego set.

Onell Design
Onell Design is an independent toy company and artist collective. They produce the Glyos System Series featuring the characters Pheyden, Exellis, Crayboth, Argen, Gobon, Armodoc, Armorvor, Noboto, Buildman, Skeleden, and various others. The toys are made of interchangeable parts, and hearken back to the durable, small-scale action figures of the 1980s, such as Adventure People.

Onell Design has collaborated with international artist Real x Head in Japan.

The Glyos System Series received the #1 Best Mini Line Toy Award 2008 from the popular toy review site Plastic and Plush.

Onell Design's interchangeable vinyl piece "The Rig" was featured in MTV's Top Ten Toys of 2010.
Matsuoka Domain
Matsuoka Domain (松岡藩, Matsuoka-han), also known as Hitachi-Matsuoka Domain (常陸松岡藩, Hitachi-Matsuoka-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Hitachi Province (modern-day Ibaraki Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Matsuoka Castle in what is now the city of Takahagi, Ibaraki.  With the exception of its first twenty years, was ruled by the Nakayama clan.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Lil Ru
Sylvester Samuel, better known by his stage name Lil Ru, also known as Boobie Samuel, is an American rapper signed to Def Jam Recordings. His debut album, 21 & Up was released on August 25, 2009. After Angie Stone helped him secure a deal with Elektra Records, he became unsigned again after the label merged with Atlantic Records.

His 2001 debut single was "Will Destroy". He then released his 2002 follow up, "Shawty What You Doin’". Both songs reached the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop charts and he was signed to Capitol Records.

In 2007 Capitol released the Don’t I Look Good, which included the single "I’m Spinnin’ It".  After touring and promoting the album, in March 2009 he was signed to the Def Jam label. He released the single "Nasty Song", then in 2011 appeared on Dirty Dave's single Fast Lane featuring Gucci Mane and Slycka Slyck. The music video was shot and directed by Yung Joc.

In 2015 Ru launched his label Presidential Music, and released his "Key Is Mind".

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Summa Theologica (Eiximenis)
Summa Theologica is a theological work written by Francesc Eiximenis in Latin possibly at the beginning of the 15th century. It belongs to the genre of the summae, that represented the highest point of the medieval theological thought.

Summa
Summa and its diminutive summula (plural summae and summulae, respectively) was a medieval didactics literary genre written in Latin, born during the 12th century, and popularized in 13th century Europe. In its simplest sense, they might be considered texts that 'sum up' knowledge in a field, such as the compendiums of theology, philosophy and canon law. Their function during the Middle Ages was largely as manuals or handbooks of necessary knowledge used by individuals who would not advance their studies any further.