hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glacial refugium
A glacial refugium (plural glacial refugia) is a geographic region which made possible the survival of flora and fauna during ice ages and allowed for post-glacial re-colonization. Different types of glacial refugia can be distinguished, namely nunatak, peripheral, and lowland. Glacial refugia have been suggested as a major cause of floral and faunal distribution patterns in both temperate and tropical latitudes. With respect to disjunct populations of modern-day species, especially in birds, doubt has been cast on the validity of such inferences, as much of the differentiation between populations observed today may have occurred before or after their restriction to refugia. In contrast, isolated geographic locales that host one or more critically endangered species (regarded as paleoendemics or glacial relicts) are generally uncontested as bona fide glacial refugia.

Disjunct distribution
In biology, a taxon with a disjunct distribution is one that has two or more groups that are related but considerably separated from each other geographically. The causes are varied and might demonstrate either the expansion or contraction of a species' range.
Outline of logic
Logic  is the formal science of using reason and is considered a branch of both philosophy and mathematics and to a lesser extent computer science. Logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of formal systems of inference and the study of arguments in natural language. The scope of logic can therefore be very large, ranging from core topics such as the study of fallacies and paradoxes, to specialized analyses of reasoning such as probability, correct reasoning, and arguments involving causality. One of the aims of logic is to identify the correct (or valid) and incorrect (or fallacious) inferences. Logicians study the criteria for the evaluation of arguments.

Validity (logic)
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, but to have premises that, if they were true, would guarantee the truth of the argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by means of sentences called well-formed formulas (also called wffs or simply formulas).

The validity of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its logical form.
Mukesh Mahaling
Dr. Mukesh Mahaling (born 11 July 1973) is an Indian politician and cabinet minister in the government of Odisha. A senior member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), he holds the portfolios of Health and Family Welfare, Parliamentary Affairs, and Electronics and Information Technology in the council of ministers led by Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi . He represents the Loisingha (SC) constituency in the Odisha Legislative Assembly first elected in 2019 and re-elected in the 2024 state legislature elections.

On 12 June 2024 he took oath along with Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi at Janata Maidan, Bhubaneswar. Governor Raghubar Das administered their oath. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Home Minister Amit Shah, Defense Minister Rajnath Singh, along with Chief Ministers of 10 BJP-ruled states were present.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
Aleksandar Stijović
Aleksandar Stijović (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Стијовић; born 27 January 1981) is a Montenegrin forestry engineer and politician. He served as Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management in the Government of Montenegro and the cabinet of Zdravko Krivokapić from 2020 to 2022.

Krivokapić Cabinet
The Krivokapić Cabinet was the 42nd cabinet of Montenegro. It was elected on 4 December 2020 by a majority vote in the parliament. The technocratic government was composed of URA, independents, NDCG(ZBCG) and was supported by the three parliamentary groups; Democratic Front/For the Future of Montenegro (NSD, DNP, PzP, PCG, UCG and RP), Peace is Our Nation (DCG and Demos), Socialist People's Party.
Mike Daly (Canadian football)
Michael Daly (born May 30, 1990) is a Canadian former professional football defensive back and is currently the special teams assistant coach for the Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks of U Sports football. He spent nine years with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

U Sports football
U Sports football is the highest level of amateur play of Canadian football and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Twenty-seven teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. At the end of every season, the champions of each conference advance to semifinal bowl games; the winners of these meet in the Vanier Cup national championship.
Train a Comin'
Train a Comin' is the fifth studio album by Steve Earle (his first in five years), released in 1995. In addition to Earle, it features Peter Rowan, Norman Blake, Roy Huskey, and Emmylou Harris.  The album was nominated for a Grammy for Best Contemporary Folk Album.

Roy Huskey Jr.
Roy Milton Huskey (December 17, 1956 – September 6, 1997), known professionally as Roy Huskey Jr., was a prominent American upright bass player in country music from Nashville, Tennessee.  Huskey performed alongside musicians such as Chet Atkins, Garth Brooks, Johnny Cash, Vince Gill, George Jones, Steve Earle, Doc Watson and many others. His father, Roy Madison "Junior" Huskey, was also a notable bass player.
Wilkinson Memorial Trail
The Wilkinson Memorial Trail is a public footpath in the Hudson Highlands region of the U.S. state of New York. It generally follows the Dutchess–Putnam county line along the latter's northwest corner, from the banks of the Hudson River near Breakneck Ridge to North Highland, just south of the county line in Philipstown. At 9.5 miles (15.3 km) in length it is the longest trail in the Hudson Highlands State Park system; although parts of the trail are on other public and private parcels in the area.

It is rarely hiked in its entirety. Portions are used as part of common loop routes in the area, such as Breakneck Ridge near its west end and Fishkill Ridge at its east. Popular destinations served by the trail include Sugarloaf Mountain, a 900-foot (270 m) peak near the western end that offers panoramic views over the river and surrounding peaks, and Scofield Ridge, at 1,540 feet (470 m) not only the highest point along the trail but also in all of Putnam County, near the east end.

Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911. The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie. The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties, and later organized in 1713. Dutchess County is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
George Francis Atkinson
George Francis Atkinson (January 26, 1854 – November 14, 1918) was an American botanist and mycologist.: 6–8

He was born on January 26, 1854, in Raisinville, Michigan, and died on November 14, 1918. He was the son of Joseph and Josephine Atkinson (née Fish). He studied at Olivet College from 1878 to 1883 and obtained his bachelor's degree from Cornell University in 1885. He is best known for his contributions to the fields of mycology and botany.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Battle of Punnaikayal
The Battle of Punnaikayal (1553) was a conflict between the Portuguese and a combined force of Ottomans, Kingdom of Calicut and Vijayanagara troops. Seeking to end Portuguese dominance over the Coromandel Coast and its pearl fisheries, Vitthala of Vijayanagar allied with the Ottoman-Calicut Muslim fleet under Irapali. The Muslim forces attacked by sea while Vishwanatha Nayak’s troops advanced by land. Despite fierce resistance from a small Portuguese garrison led by Captain Manoel Rodrigues Coutinho, the outnumbered defenders were eventually forced to retreat. However, they were captured by Vitthala’s forces before reaching safety. The victorious forces burned down churches, imprisoned Portuguese soldiers and priests, and proclaimed the end of Portuguese rule forcing locals to convert to Islam or face execution.

Coromandel Coast
13°22′00″N 80°20′00″E﻿ / ﻿13.3667°N 80.3333°E﻿ / 13.3667; 80.3333

The Coromandel Coast is a coastal region along the southeastern front of the Indian peninsula. Its delimitations are numerous, but generally admitted to be bounded by the Krishna river mouth to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Point Calimere cape to the south, and the Eastern Ghats to the west. Some may define its northern boundaries up to Ganjam. This region can be extending over an area of about 22,800 square kilometres. The coast has an average elevation of 80 metres and is backed by the Eastern Ghats, a chain of low lying and flat-topped hills.

The land of the Chola dynasty was called Cholamandalam in Tamil, literally translated as "the realm of the Cholas", from which Coromandel is derived.

In historical Muslim sources from the 12th century onward, the Coromandel Coast was notably called as Maʿbar Coast.
Hesperoyucca peninsularis
Hesperoyucca peninsularis, the peninsular candle or lechuguilla, is a plant species endemic to the Baja California peninsula. It is a perennial forming a rosette. It is semelparous (flowering once then dying).

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Say It Live and Loud: Live in Dallas 08.26.68
Say It Live and Loud: Live in Dallas 08.26.68 is a live album by James Brown released in 1998. Taped at Dallas Memorial Auditorium soon after "Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud" had been released to the airwaves, it includes one of the only live recordings of the song, with the arena crowd shouting the call and response portions. Village Voice critic Robert Christgau deemed it the second best live recording from Brown's "crucial" 1967–71 period, behind 1970's Sex Machine. Following the 50th anniversary of the recording, the entire performance, including never before released live performances of "That's Life" and "The Popcorn", was released on vinyl by Republic Records on October 12, 2018.

Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud
"Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud" is a funk song performed by James Brown, and written with his bandleader Alfred "Pee Wee" Ellis in 1968. It was released as a two-part single, which held the number-one spot on the R&B singles chart for six weeks, and peaked at number ten on the Billboard Hot 100. Both parts of the single were included on James Brown's 1968 album A Soulful Christmas and on his 1969 album sharing the title of the song. The song became an unofficial anthem of the Black Power movement.

"Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud" was Brown's first recording to feature trombonist Fred Wesley.
Commanderies of the Order of Saint John
The Order of Saint John (Knights of Malta, Knights Hospitaller) was organised in a system of  commanderies during the high medieval to early modern periods, to some extent surviving as the organisational structure of the several descended orders that formed after the Reformation.

In the Late Middle Ages, the bulk of possessions of the order were in the Holy Roman Empire, France, Castile, Aragon and Portugal, but they extended into Poland, Hungary, southern Italy, England and Denmark, with individual outliers in Ireland, Scotland, Sweden and Greece (the main seat of the order was in Rhodes from 1310 until 1522, and in Malta from 1530 until 1798).

French occupation of Malta
The island of Malta was occupied by France from 1798 to 1800. The Knights Hospitaller surrendered to Napoleon Bonaparte following the French landing in June 1798. In Malta, the French established a constitutional tradition in Maltese history (as part of the French First Republic), granted free education for all, and theoretically established freedom of the press, although only the pro-French newspaper Journal de Malte was actually published during the occupation.

The French abolished nobility, slavery, the feudal system, and the inquisition. The only remaining architectural reminder of the French occupation is probably the defacement of most coats of arms on the façades of buildings of the knights. The Maltese soon rebelled against the French and drove the French garrison into Valletta and the Grand Harbour fortifications where they were besieged for more than two years. The French surrendered Malta when their food supplies were about to run out.
2012 Eliteserien promotion/relegation play-offs
The 2012 Eliteserien promotion/relegation play-offs was the 39th time a spot in the Norwegian top flight was decided by play-off matches between top tier and second-level clubs.

At the end of the 2012 season, Fredrikstad and Stabæk were relegated directly to the 2013 1. divisjon, and was replaced by Start and Sarpsborg 08 who were directly promoted.

2013 Norwegian First Division
The 2013 1. divisjon (referred to as Adeccoligaen for sponsorship reasons) was a Norwegian second-tier football league season. The season began on 6 April 2013 and was concluded on 3 November 2013. The league was contested by 16 teams. The top two teams were promoted to the Tippeligaen, while the teams placed from third to sixth place played a promotion-playoff against the 14th-placed team in Tippeligaen to win promotion. The bottom four teams were relegated to the 2. divisjon.
Wilberforce Kisamba Mugerwa
Wilberforce Kisamba Mugerwa, also Wilberforce Kisamba-Mugerwa, (5 July 1945 –  7 January 2021) was a Ugandan agricultural economist, politician and academic, who served as the chairman of the Uganda Microfinance Support Center, a government-owned company established in 2001, that manages micro credit programs in Uganda, funded by the African Development Bank, Islamic Development Bank and the Ugandan government. Immediately prior to his last position, for the ten years between 2008 and 2018, he served as the chairman of the National Planning Authority of Uganda.

Agricultural economics
Agricultural economics is an applied field of economics concerned with the application of economic theory in optimizing the production and distribution of food and fiber products. 
Agricultural economics began as a branch of economics that specifically dealt with land usage. It focused on maximizing the crop yield while maintaining a good soil ecosystem.  Throughout the 20th century the discipline expanded and the current scope of the discipline is much broader.  Agricultural economics today includes a variety of applied areas, having considerable overlap with conventional economics. Agricultural economists have made substantial contributions to research in economics, econometrics, development economics, and environmental economics.  Agricultural economics influences food policy, agricultural policy, and environmental policy.
Alexander Morten
Alexander Morten (some sources say "Alec Morten") (15 November 1831 – 24 February 1900) was a footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He captained the England team in its second official international, played against Scotland on 8 March 1873. He had previously played for the Scotland team in 1870 at representative level, before switching to England three years later.

England v Scotland representative football matches (1870–1872)
Between 1870 and 1872, the Football Association (FA) organised five representative association football matches between teams representing England and Scotland, all held in London. The first of these matches was held at The Oval on 5 March 1870, and the fifth was on 21 February 1872. The matches, which were organised by Charles W. Alcock, are the precursors to modern international football and were referred to as internationals at the time. They are not recognised, however, as full internationals by FIFA as the players competing in the Scotland team were drawn only from London-based Scottish players. They were followed by the 1872 match in Glasgow between Scotland and England which is recognised as the first international match.
Kainourgia Ego
Kainourgia ego (Greek: Καινούργια εγώ; English: A new me) is the 16th studio album by Greek singer Katy Garbi. It was released on 22 December 2008 by Sony BMG Greece and was her first studio album since the 2006 release of Pos Allazei O Kairos.

Sony BMG
Sony BMG Music Entertainment was an American record company owned as a 50–50 joint venture between Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann. The venture's successor, the revived Sony Music, is wholly owned by Sony, following their buyout of the remaining 50% held by Bertelsmann. BMG was instead rebuilt as BMG Rights Management on the basis of the remaining 200 artists.
Orville Redenbacher
Orville Clarence Redenbacher (July 16, 1907 – September 19, 1995) was an American food scientist and businessman most often associated with the brand of popcorn that bears his name which is now owned by Conagra Brands. The New York Times described him as "the agricultural visionary who all but single-handedly revolutionized the American popcorn industry".

Conagra Brands
Conagra Brands, Inc. (formerly ConAgra Foods) is an American consumer packaged goods holding company that makes and sells products under various brand names that are available in supermarkets, restaurants, and food service establishments. Based on its 2021 revenue, the company ranked 331st on the 2022 Fortune 500. Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, Conagra was founded in Nebraska in 1919 and was originally called Nebraska Consolidated Mills.
Histamenon
Histamenon (Greek: ἱστάμενον [νόμισμα], histámenon [nómisma] lit. 'standard coin') was the name given to the gold Byzantine solidus when the slightly lighter tetarteron was introduced in the 960s. To distinguish the two, the histamenon was changed in form from the original solidus, becoming wider and thinner, as well as concave (scyphate) in form. Later usually shortened to stamenon (Greek: στάμενον), it was discontinued after 1092. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the name stamenon came to be applied to the concave billon and copper trachea coins.

Trachy (coin)
The term trachy (Greek: τραχύ), plural trachea (τραχέα), meaning "rough" or "uneven", was used to describe the cup-shaped (incorrectly often called "scyphate") Byzantine coins struck in the 11th–14th centuries. The term was properly applied to coins of electrum, billon, or copper, but not to the gold hyperpyra. The coin was devalued as the alloy mixture had less silver over time.

During the short lifespan of the feudal Crusader state, the Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204–1261) also used the trachy.
Abisso Bonetti
Abisso Bonetti ("Bonetti Abyss") is a Karst cave in the municipality of Doberdò del Lago (Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy), 1 km (0.62 mi) SE from the small village of Bonetti, near Slovenian border (village of Nova vas). The cave is one of the most famous cavities in the Gorizia Karst. Anyway, due to its dangerous pit opening, entry is allowed only to expert cavers with the necessary equipment for single-rope descend.

Province of Gorizia
The province of Gorizia (Italian: provincia di Gorizia; Slovene: Goriška pokrajina; Friulian: provincie di Gurize) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Initially disbanded on 30 September 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Gorizia (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Gorizia; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Gorica; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Gurize), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020.
My Matchmaking Partner Is My Student and a Troublemaker
My Matchmaking Partner Is My Student and a Troublemaker (お見合い相手は教え子、強気な、問題児。, Omiai Aite wa Oshiego, Tsuyoki na, Mondaiji.) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Sigma Torai. It was serialized on Screamo's ComicFesta service from November 2015 to March 2019. A short-form anime television series adaptation produced by Seven aired from October to December 2017.

Seven (animation studio)
Animation Studio Seven Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社アニメーションスタジオ・セブン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Animēshon Sutajio Sebun; stylized as Animation StudiO SeVen), known simply as Seven, is a Japanese animation studio that produces anime and hentai.
D. J. Burns
Dwight Keith Burns Jr. (born October 13, 2000) is an American professional basketball player who plays for Bnei Herzliya in the Israeli Basketball Premier League. He previously played for the NC State Wolfpack of the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Winthrop Eagles of the Big South Conference.

NC State Wolfpack men's basketball
The NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team represents North Carolina State University in NCAA Division I men's basketball competition. NC State is one of the seven founding members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.  Prior to joining the ACC in 1954, the Wolfpack were members of the Southern Conference, where they won seven conference championships. As a member of the ACC, the Wolfpack has won 11 conference championships, as well as two national championships in 1974 and 1983.

Since 1999, the Pack has played most of its home games at Lenovo Center, which is also where the NCAA championship trophies are kept. Prior to 1999, they played at Reynolds Coliseum.