hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Covert prestige
In sociolinguistics, covert prestige is the high social prestige with which certain nonstandard languages or dialects are regarded within a speech community, though usually only by their own speakers. This is in contrast to the typical case of standard varieties holding widespread and often consciously acknowledged high prestige—that is, overt prestige—within a speech community.

The concept of covert prestige was first introduced by linguist William Labov, when he observed speakers preferring to use a nonstandard dialect, even though the speakers considered that dialect to be inferior. Labov proposed an explanation for the continued usage of the nonstandard dialect: to form a sense of group identity in informal speech situations.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Ghemon
Giovanni Luca Picariello (born in Avellino, 1 April 1982), known professionally as Ghemon (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɡɛːmon]), is an Italian rapper, singer-songwriter, and comedian.

He is also known as Ghemon Scienz and Gilmar. He was part of the Blue Nox and Unlimited Struggle collectives.

His stage name is a tribute to the character Ishikawa Goemon XIII from Monkey Punch's manga series Lupin the Third. His debut album La rivincita dei buoni was released in 2007. In 2017 his single "Adesso sono qui" was included in the soundtrack of the videogame NBA 2K17.

Ghemon participated at the Sanremo Music Festival 2019 with the song "Rose viola" and at the Sanremo Music Festival 2021 with "Momento perfetto".

Sanremo Music Festival 2021
The Sanremo Music Festival 2021 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2021), officially the 71st Italian Song Festival (71º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 71st edition of the annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held in the Teatro Ariston of Sanremo, organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was held between 2 and 6 March 2021. The show was presented by Amadeus, who also served as the artistic director for the competition. Fiorello returned as co-host after appearing as a regular guest in the previous edition.

The festival was won by Måneskin with the song "Zitti e buoni"; their victory earned them the right to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021, which they went on to win as well. Gaudiano won the Newcomers' section with "Polvere da sparo".
Brettanomyces claussenii
Brettanomyces claussenii (anamorph of Dekkera claussenii) is a wild yeast of the genus Brettanomyces which has a negative Pasteur effect. It and Brettanomyces anomalus share identical mtDNA. In the wild, it is found on the skins of fruit. It has been shown to be useful for wine and beer fermentation as well as ethanol production.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Fedor Kanareykin
Fedor Leonidovich Kanareykin (Russian: Фёдор Леонидович Канарейкин; 29 May 1955, USSR) is a Soviet ice hockey player, Russian hockey coach.  Honored coach of Russia.

In 1973 in the Junior team of the USSR won the gold medal in the European championship in 1974, repeated success in the youth team at the world championship. However, in the adult national team of the USSR never got there.

In 1976 it became the champion of the USSR in the HC Spartak Moscow.

Coaching Kanareykin started in the 90s.

On 25 September 2006 Kanareykin succeeded as head coach of Metallurg Magnitogorsk the Canadian coach Dave King, who Fedor before that worked as an assistant.

Also coached hockey clubs Atlant Moscow Oblast, Spartak Moscow, Avangard Omsk.

HC Spartak Moscow
HC Spartak Moscow (Russian: ХК Спартак Москва, English: Spartak Moskva) is a professional ice hockey club based in Moscow, Russia. It is a member of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The club played in the Tarasov Division of the KHL during the 2013–14 season. However, the team did not participate in the KHL league in the 2014–15 season, because of financial issues, but rejoined the league prior for the 2015–16 season as a member of the Bobrov Division.
Wisconsin Highway 167
State Trunk Highway 167 (often called Highway 167, STH-167 or WIS 167) is a 24.96-mile (40.17 km) state highway in southern Washington and Ozaukee counties in the US state of Wisconsin. It runs east–west in the southeastern part of the state from Hartford to Mequon and runs concurrently with Interstate 41/US Highway 41/US Highway 45 (I-41/US 41/US 45) in Germantown. The highway was first numbered west of then-US 41 between 1939 and 1944 then extended to Mequon between 1948 and 1956. It initially had a concurrency with WIS 145 but was rerouted to its current one with I-41/US 41/US 45 in 1983.

U.S. Route 45 in Wisconsin
U.S. Highway 45 (US 45) runs north–south through the eastern and northern portions of the state of Wisconsin. Also called Highway 45, it runs from the state line with Illinois near the village of Bristol in Kenosha County to the Michigan state line at the town of Land O' Lakes in Vilas County, a total of about 305 miles (491 km).
There'll Be Some Changes Made
"There'll Be Some Changes Made" ("Changes") is a popular song by Benton Overstreet (composer) and Billy Higgins  (lyricist). Published in 1921, the song has flourished in several genres, particularly jazz. The song has endured for as many years as a jazz standard. According to the online The Jazz Discography (an index of jazz-only recordings), "Changes" had been recorded 404 times as of May 2018. The song and its record debut were revolutionary, in that the songwriters (Overstreet and Higgins, the original copyright publisher, Harry Herbert Pace, the vocalist to first record it (Ethel Waters), the owners of Black Swan (the record label), the opera singer (Elizabeth Greenfield) for whom the label was named, and the musicians on the recording led by Fletcher Henderson, were all African American. The production is identified by historians as a notable part of the Harlem Renaissance.

Fletcher Henderson
James Fletcher Hamilton Henderson (December 18, 1897 – December 29, 1952) was an American pianist, bandleader, arranger and composer, important in the development of big band jazz and swing music. He was one of the most prolific black musical arrangers and, along with Duke Ellington, is considered one of the most influential arrangers and bandleaders in jazz history. Henderson's influence was vast. He helped bridge the gap between the Dixieland and the swing eras. He was often known as "Smack" Henderson (because of smacking sounds he made with his lips).
Winnie Kiiza
Winifred Kiiza (born 26 November 1972) is a Ugandan teacher and politician, who served as the Leader of Opposition in the Ugandan Parliament, from May 2016 until August 2018. She was replaced as Leader of Opposition by Betty Aol Ochan.

She was also the Member of Parliament representing the Kasese District Women in the 10th Ugandan Parliament (2016 to 2021).

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
William H. Leder
William Henry Leder (May 5, 1918 – September 5, 1943) was a fighter pilot with the United States Naval Reserve (USNR) during World War II. He is credited with scoring multiple victories during the conflict flying a Grumman F4F Wildcat. For actions during the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands he was awarded the Air Medal.

Air Medal
The Air Medal (AM) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. It was created in 1942 and is awarded for single acts of heroism or meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight.
Onaji Jikyū de Hataraku Tomodachi no Bijin Mama
"Onaji Jikyū de Hataraku Tomodachi no Bijin Mama" (同じ時給で働く友達の美人ママ) is the 3rd major single by the Japanese girl idol group S/mileage. It was released in Japan on September 29, 2010 on the label Hachama.

The physical CD single debuted at number 4 in the Oricon daily singles chart.

In the Oricon weekly chart, it debuted at number 5.

Angerme
Angerme (アンジュルム, Anjurumu), formerly Smileage (スマイレージ, Sumairēji; stylized as S/mileage, from 2009–2015), is a Japanese idol girl group from the musical collective Hello! Project, which originally consisted of four former Hello! Pro Egg (Hello! Project trainees) members that left Egg in 2010 and became full-time members of Hello! Project. In 2010, they won the Japan Record Award for Best New Artist. In 2011, five new girls were added to the group as part of the second generation, with two being former Egg members and three new girls. In 2014, three new members joined the group as third generation members.

Since the formation of Angerme, there have been twelve generations and seventeen departures. As of August 16, 2025, the total number of members of the group stands at nine members.
Gerald O'Collins
Gerald Glynn O'Collins SJ AC (2 July 1931 – 22 August 2024) was an Australian Jesuit priest and academic. He was a research professor and writer-in-residence at the Jesuit Theological College (JTC) in Parkville, Victoria, and a research professor in theology at St Mary's University College in Twickenham. For more than three decades, he was professor of systematic and fundamental theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University (Rome).

In 2006, O'Collins was made a Companion of the General Division of the Order of Australia (AC), in recognition of his outstanding commitment to theological scholarship and ecumenical initiatives.

Pontifical Gregorian University
Pontifical Gregorian University (Italian: Pontificia Università Gregoriana; also known as the Gregorian or Gregoriana), is a private pontifical university in Rome, Italy.

The Gregorian originated as a part of the Roman College, founded in 1551 by Ignatius of Loyola, and included all grades of schooling. Its chairs of philosophy and theology received Papal approval in 1556, making it the first institution founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 1584, the Roman College was given a new home by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom it was renamed the Gregorian University. It had distinguished scholars in ecclesiastical fields as well as in natural science and mathematics. Only the theology and philosophy departments of the Gregorian survived the political turmoil in Italy after 1870.

Today the Gregorian has an international faculty and around 2750 students from over 150 countries.
Eraly Togjanov
Eraly Lūqpanūly Toğjanov (Kazakh: Ералы Лұқпанұлы Тоғжанов; born 13 May 1963) is a Kazakh politician, who's currently serving as an Advisor to the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan since May 2024.

Previously, Togjanov served as the controversial Äkim of Aktobe Region from August 2022 to September 2023, Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 2020 to 2022, Äkim of Mangystau Region from 2017 to 2019 and Chairman of the Federation of Trade Unions of Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2020.

Known as a "representative" of the "Old Kazakhstan", Togjanov is one of the most controversial veteran politicians of the country. He is especially known for insisting not to answer when asked on his salary in 2022, his 2023 controversial interview with Ashat Niyazov and his fellow politician and younger brother, who swore at his employees.

Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
The Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Премьер-Министрдің орынбасары, romanized: Premer-Ministrdıñ orynbasary) is a member in the Government of Kazakhstan. The post is usually led by multiple people who carry out their activities in accordance with the policies established by the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan and are appointed by the President of Kazakhstan who are approved by the Parliament of Kazakhstan.
Donnelly Drive
Donnelly Drive (Ottawa Road #2) is a rural road in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

The road runs along the western bank of the Rideau River from Burritts Rapids to Reevecraig Road South. Between these two points, Donnelly Drive passes through Becketts Landing and passes by Rideau River Provincial Park.

The eastern portion of Donnelly Drive was originally part of Ontario Highway 16. It runs along the Rideau Canal waterway, which was a major trade route in the early 1800s. It also runs close to the border of the city of Ottawa and the United Counties of Leeds And Grenville, which is the Rideau River.

Donnelly Drive turns into Heritage Road once it reaches Burritts Rapids.

Burritts Rapids
Burritts Rapids is a small village located on the Rideau River in eastern Ontario.

The hamlet was named after Stephen Burritt, whose family was the first to settle in this area. At one time, the hamlet prospered due to its location on the Rideau Canal. The community straddles the river, so part is located in the Rideau-Jock Ward of Ottawa, and part in North Grenville Township.

There is a lock on the canal to bypass rapids here, the Burritts Rapids Bridge which crosses the canal and a stationary bridge which crosses the river.
Nepenthes beccariana
Nepenthes beccariana /nɪˈpɛnθiːz bɛˌkæriˈɑːnə/ is a tropical pitcher plant. The species was described in 1908 by John Muirhead Macfarlane based on a specimen collected from the island of Nias, which lies off the western coast of Sumatra. It appears to be closely related to both N. longifolia and N. sumatrana, and the former is possibly a heterotypic synonym of this taxon.

Nepenthes mirabilis
Nepenthes mirabilis (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz mɪˈræbɪlɪs/; from Latin mirabilis "wonderful") is a species of carnivorous plant in the family Nepenthaceae. It is sometimes referred to by the common names common swamp pitcher-plant and tropical pitcher plant,.

By far the most widespread of all Nepenthes, its range covers continental Southeast Asia and all major islands of the Malay Archipelago (minus the Lesser Sunda Islands and northern Philippines), stretching from China in the north to Australia in the south. The species exhibits great variability throughout its range. One of the more notable varieties, N. mirabilis var. echinostoma, is endemic to Borneo and possesses an extremely wide peristome.

The conservation status of N. mirabilis is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. In Hong Kong, it is a protected species under Forestry Regulations Cap. 96A.

According to Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek, the pitchers of N. mirabilis are used as toy phallocrypts in New Guinea.
Piazza Arringo
The Piazza Arringo, also known as the piazza dell'Arengo, is the oldest monumental piazza in the city of Ascoli Piceno.

Rectangular in form, numerous important monuments face the piazza including: the palazzo Fonzi, the palazzo dell'Arengo from the 13th century (also known as the palatium Aringhi), the Bishop's residence, the Cathedral of Saint Emygdius, the baptistery of Saint John, the diocesan museum, and the palazzo Panichi.

Ascoli Piceno Cathedral
Ascoli Piceno Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Ascoli Piceno; Cattedrale di Sant'Emidio) is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to Saint Emygdius in Ascoli Piceno, Marche, Italy. It is the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Ascoli Piceno.
Humberto Schiavoni
Humberto Schiavoni (born 10 July 1958) is an Argentine lawyer and politician. He is National Senator for Misiones province and he leads Republican Proposal in the upper house of 
National Congress of Argentina.

Misiones Province
Misiones (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈsjones], Missions) is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes Province of Argentina to the southwest.

This was an early area of Roman Catholic missionary activity by the Jesuits in what was then called the province of Paraguay, beginning in the early 17th century. In 1984, the ruins of four mission sites in Argentina were designated World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
Hero (Charlotte Perrelli song)
"Hero" is a 2008 pop song performed by the Swedish singer Charlotte Perrelli, written by Fredrik Kempe and Bobby Ljunggren. It was entered into the Melodifestivalen 2008, winning at the Globen arena on 15 March 2008. Due to this, it represented Sweden at the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade, Serbia.

The single "Hero" was released on 12 March 2008. It topped the Swedish Singles chart, and was certified Gold, in recognition of 10,000 copies sold. After the contest, it was certified Platinum, as 40,000 copies sold. The song entered the 3rd place at Svensktoppen on 13 April 2008, and it stayed on the chart for eight weeks until 1 June 2008 peaking at #3. The Swedish single top 100, she peaked at #1 for 5 weeks, and left the charts after 19 weeks. Her position in the 'best of all time' is #503 with 769 points.

Avicii Arena
Avicii Arena, originally known as the Stockholm Globe Arena and previously as the Ericsson Globe, but commonly referred to in Swedish simply as Globen (Swedish: [ˈɡlǔːbɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'the Globe'), is an indoor arena located in Stockholm Globe City, Johanneshov district of Stockholm, Sweden. Despite the name changes, the local metro station is still named Globen metro station.

The arena represents the Sun in the Sweden Solar System, the world's largest scale model of the Solar System.
Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency
Deeg-Kumher Assembly constituency is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India. It was established in 2008 after the delimitation of assembly constituencies. Dr. Digamber Singh was the inaugural Member of the Legislative Assembly from the constituency in 2008. Followed by Vishvendra Singh, King of the erstwhile Bharatpur State, for two terms in 2013 & 2018. Dr. Shailesh Singh, son of Dr. Digamber Singh, is the current Legislator from the constituency, serving since 3 December 2023. The constituency is part of the Deeg district.

Bharatpur State
Bharatpur was a princely state under British suzerainty. It was ruled by the Sinsinwar clan of the Hindu Jats. The state was founded by Maharaja Badan Singh in 1722. Suraj Mal played an important role in the development and expansion of the state. During Suraj Mal's reign  (1755–1763), the annual revenue of the state was 17,500,000 gold coins.

Under Suraj Mal leadership, the major architecture of this state include the Lohagarh Fort, Deeg Palace and the Keoladeo National Park, a royal hunting reserve, is a World Heritage Site.
Paul Tiulana
Paul Tiulana (June 20, 1921 – July 17, 1994) was an Iñupiaq artist and dancer from Alaska. Originally from King Island, Tiulana was drafted in World War II and injured; his leg was broken and eventually amputated. He relocated to Nome during the 1950s and Anchorage in the 1960s, where he founded a dance group specializing in Iñupiat dancing. During the 1980s, he was made a Citizen of the Year by the Alaska Federation of Natives, given a National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts for his work in dance and art, and wrote a book about his life in Alaska.

Alaska Federation of Natives
The Alaska Federation of Natives (AFN) is a Native organization in the state of Alaska, United States. Through legal and legislative processes, its mission is to enhance and promote the cultural, economic and political voice of the entire Alaska Native community.

As of October 1, 2024, Benjamin Mallott is the president of AFN, having replaced Julie Kitka after a 34-year tenure.
Märchen (album)
Märchen is the seventh story CD, released by the fantasy symphonic rock band Sound Horizon on December 15, 2010, through King Records. The normal edition debuted No. 3 and peaked No. 2 on the Oricon weekly albums chart. A limited edition sold over 40,000 copies in its first two days, 24,816 copies on the first day and 15,833 copies on the next.

Sound Horizon
Sound Horizon is a Japanese symphonic rock musical group with composer Revo (Japanese pronunciation: [ɾebo]) as the leader and only permanent member. They describe themselves as a "fantasy band" and have released works that closely resemble classical suites. Their songs often revolve around historical events and classic fairytales. When creating music based on other people's stories, the band uses the name Linked Horizon.
Edmund William Cole
Colonel Edmund William "King" Cole (July 19, 1827 – May 25, 1899) was an American Confederate veteran and businessman. He was the president of the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway, and the founder of the American National Bank.

Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway
The Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway (reporting mark NC&StL) was a railway company that operated in the U.S. states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. It began as the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, chartered in Nashville on December 11, 1845, built to 5 ft (1,524 mm) gauge and was the first railway to operate in the state of Tennessee.
By the turn of the twentieth century, the NC&StL grew into one of the most important railway systems in the southern United States.: iii, Dedication