hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ambisonic UHJ format
Ambisonic UHJ format is a development of the Ambisonic surround sound system designed to be compatible with mono and stereo media. It is a hierarchy of systems in which the recorded soundfield will be reproduced with a degree of accuracy that varies according to the available channels. Although UHJ permits the use of up to four channels (carrying full-sphere with-height surround), only the 2-channel variant is in current use (as it is compatible with currently-available 2-channel media). In Ambisonics, UHJ is also known as "C-Format".

Stereophonic sound
Stereophonic sound, commonly shortened to stereo, is a method of sound reproduction that recreates a multi-directional, 3-dimensional audible perspective. This is usually achieved by using two independent audio channels through a configuration of two loudspeakers (or stereo headphones) in such a way as to create the impression of sound heard from various directions, as in natural hearing.

Because the multi-dimensional perspective is the crucial aspect, the term stereophonic also applies to systems with more than two channels or speakers, such as quadraphonic and surround sound. Binaural sound systems are also stereophonic.

Stereo sound has been in common use since the 1970s in entertainment media such as broadcast radio, recorded music, television, video cameras, cinema, computer audio, and the Internet.
Oey Khe Tay
Oey Khe Tay, Kapitein der Chinezen (died in 1897) was a Chinese-Indonesian bureaucrat and landlord, best known for his role as Kapitein der Chinezen of Tangerang and Landheer of Karawatji. In the former capacity, he acted as the head of the Chinese civil administration in Tangerang as part of the Dutch colonial system of ‘indirect rule’.

Kapitan Cina
Kapitan Cina (lit. 'Captain of the Chinese'; Chinese: 華人甲必丹; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hôa-jîn Kap-pit-tan; pinyin: Huárén Jiǎbìdān; Dutch: Kapitein der Chinezen; Spanish: Capitán Chino), was a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaya, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines. Office holders exercised varying degrees of power and influence: from near-sovereign political and legal jurisdiction over local Chinese communities, to ceremonial precedence for community leaders. Corresponding posts existed for other ethnic groups, such as Kapitan Arab and Kapitan Keling for the local Arab and Indian communities respectively.
Agricultural research in Israel
Agricultural research in Israel is based on close cooperation and interaction between scientists, consultants, farmers and agriculture-related industries. Israel's climate ranges from Mediterranean (Csa) to semi-arid and arid. Shortage of irrigation water and inadequate precipitation in some parts of the country are major constraints facing Israeli agriculture. Through extensive greenhouses production, vegetables, fruits and flowers are grown for export to the European markets during the winter off-season.

The Agricultural Experiment Station established in 1921 developed into the Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), widely known as the Volcani Institute. The Faculty of Agriculture of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv University, Bar Ilan University, Ben Gurion University of the Negev and  the Weizmann Institute of Science also engage in agricultural research.

Bar-Ilan University
Bar-Ilan University (BIU, Hebrew: אוניברסיטת בר-אילן, Universitat Bar-Ilan) is a public research university in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel. Established in 1955, Bar Ilan is Israel's second-largest academic university institution. It has 20,000 students and 1,350 faculty members.

Bar-Ilan's mission is to "blend Jewish tradition with modern technologies and scholarship and the university endeavors to ... teach the Jewish heritage to all its students while providing [an] academic education." The university is among the best in the Middle East in the fields of computer science, engineering, engineering physics and applied physics. In 2024, the university was donated $260 million, one of the biggest donations to a university in Israeli history, for investment in science. The donor wished to remain anonymous.
2007 Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid
The 2007 Madrid Masters (also known as the Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 6th edition of the Madrid Masters, and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2007 ATP Tour. It took place at the Madrid Arena in Madrid, Spain, from October 15 through October 21, 2007.

The announced field was led by world No. 1, Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open winner and defending champion Roger Federer, ATP No. 2 and French Open winner Rafael Nadal, and US Open runner-up and Vienna titlist Novak Djokovic. Other top players were US Open semifinalist and Moscow winner Nikolay Davydenko, Australian Open runner up and Beijing titlist Fernando González, James Blake, David Ferrer and Tommy Robredo.

2007 ATP Tour
The 2007 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2007 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals. The ATP Tour includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.
Ostheim Fortress Church
Ostheim Fortress Church is a fortress church located in the Lower Franconian town of Ostheim vor der Rhön in the Rhön-Grabfeld district. The church building of St. Michael there is located within a double ring wall built between 1400 and 1450 with a zwinger in between. The double ring wall has five defense towers and is reinforced with six bastions halfway along the wall. The Protestant church, built in the Renaissance style on the foundations of a predecessor church, dates from 1615 to 1619. Within the fortifications there are 66 vaulted cellars with 72 lofts, which served as protective dwellings in times of war and in which the local inhabitants kept their belongings safe in times of crisis. With a floor area of 75 by 75 meters, it is considered the largest and best-preserved fortress church in Germany. Some of the vaulted cellars are used by the local population as storage cellars.

Bastion
A bastion is a structure projecting outward from the curtain wall of a fortification, most commonly angular in shape and positioned at the corners of the fort. The fully developed bastion consists of two faces and two flanks, with fire from the flanks being able to protect the curtain wall and the adjacent bastions. Compared with the medieval fortified towers they replaced, bastion fortifications offered a greater degree of passive resistance and more scope for ranged defence in the age of gunpowder artillery. As military architecture, the bastion is one element in the style of fortification dominant from the mid 16th to mid 19th centuries.
Dysganus
Dysganus (dis-GANN-us) (meaning "rough enamel") is a dubious genus of ceratopsian dinosaur from the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. The fossil teeth referred to Dysganus were first collected by Charles Sternberg from the Judith River Formation of Montana and later described by Edward Drinker Cope. All of the species are now seen as dubious ceratopsians, though referred material from tyrannosaurids and hadrosaurids were found in New Mexico.

Ceratopsia
Ceratopsia or Ceratopia (/ˌsɛrəˈtɒpsiə/ or /ˌsɛrəˈtoʊpiə/; Greek: "horned faces") is a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America, Asia and Europe, during the Cretaceous Period, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the Late Jurassic of Asia. The earliest known ceratopsian, Yinlong downsi, lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago. The last ceratopsian species, Triceratops prorsus, became extinct during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, 66 million years ago.

Triceratops is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public. It is traditional for ceratopsian genus names to end in "-ceratops", although this is not always the case. One of the first named genera was Ceratops itself, which lent its name to the group, although it is considered a nomen dubium today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characteristics that are not also found in other ceratopsians.
Mark Van Ameyde
Mark Van Ameyde is a college baseball coach who is currently the pitching coach for the Michigan State Spartans baseball team. He previously served as the head baseball coach of the Eastern Michigan Eagles baseball program. He was named to that position prior to the 2015 season.

Michigan State Spartans baseball
The Michigan State Spartans baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball team of Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and are members of the Big Ten Conference.

Beginning play in 1884, the Spartans have made the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship 5 times, advancing to the College World Series once, in 1954, with a third-place finish. The team has won 4 Big Ten conference championships and 5 Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association titles. The team played in the MIAA until 1907 and played as an independent until the university joined the Big Ten in 1949 and the Spartan baseball team began Big Ten play in 1951.
Kyustendil dialect
The Kyustendil dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Kyustendil in central western Bulgaria. It borders on the Transitional dialects to the north, the Dupnitsa dialect to the east and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect to the south. It is closely related to the Dupnitsa dialect.

Dupnitsa dialect
The Dupnitsa dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the Southwestern Bulgarian dialects, which is spoken in the region of Dupnitsa in central western Bulgaria. It is transitional between the Samokov dialect to the east and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect to the south.
Our Lady's College, Hong Kong
Our Lady's College (Chinese: 聖母書院) is an aided girls' secondary school in Wong Tai Sin, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was founded in 1953 and is sponsored by the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians. It uses English as the medium of instruction.

Education in Hong Kong
Education in Hong Kong used to be largely modelled on that of the United Kingdom, particularly the English system. Since 2012, the overhaul of secondary school diploma has introduced changes to the number of school years as well as the two-tier general examinations. The DSE has replaced the old HKCEE (similar to the UK's GCSE) and the A-levels. Education policy in Hong Kong is overseen by the Education Bureau and the Social Welfare Department.

The academic year begins mid-year, usually starting in September.
Wham Paymaster robbery
The Wham Paymaster robbery (/ˈhwɑːm/ WHAHM) was an armed robbery of a United States Army paymaster and his escort on May 11, 1889, in the Arizona Territory. Major Joseph W. Wham was transporting a payroll consisting of more than US$28,000 (equivalent to $979,900 in 2024) in gold and silver coins from Fort Grant to Fort Thomas when he and his escort of eleven Buffalo Soldiers were ambushed. During the attack, the bandits wounded eight of the soldiers, forced them to retreat to cover, and stole the payroll.

As a result of their actions under fire, Sergeant Benjamin Brown and Corporal Isaiah Mays were awarded the Medal of Honor while eight other soldiers received a Certificate of Merit. Eleven men, most from the nearby Mormon community of Pima, were arrested, with eight of them ultimately tried on charges of robbery. All of the accused were acquitted, and the stolen money was never recovered.

Pima, Arizona
Pima is a town in Graham County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2020 census, Pima had a population of 2,847. Pima is part of the Safford Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Despite its name, it is not located in nearby Pima County.
Rafael Ábalos
Rafael Ábalos (born 12 October 1956) is a Spanish author of the bestseller book Grimpow: The Invisible Road (ISBN 0385733747) published in 2007. The children's fantasy novel was about a boy finding a mysterious amulet in France who becomes a focus of a "centuries-old mission" to enlighten humanity. According to a review in Publishers Weekly, Ábalos "blends the grand-scale storytelling prowess and epic quest element of Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings with the cryptographic intrigue of Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code", and gave it a positive review. The book was published by Random House.

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Vitalina Batsarashkina
Vitalina Igorevna Batsarashkina (Russian: Виталина Игоревна Бацарашкина, IPA: [vʲɪtɐˈlʲinə bətsɐˈraʂkʲɪnə]; born 1 October 1996) is a Russian sports shooter. She is a two-times Olympic champion and two-times Olympic silver medalist. At the 2020 Summer Olympics she became the first female shooter to win three medals at the same Olympic Games. At the previous Olympic Games she was placed second in 10 m air pistol. Besides that, she also won gold, silver and bronze medals at the 2018 World Championships. She is a Merited Master of Sports of Russia.

Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre air pistol
The Women's 10 metre air pistol event at the 2016 Olympic Games took place on 7 August 2016 at the National Shooting Center.

The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 40 shots with an air pistol at 10 metres distance. Scores for each shot were in increments of 1, with a maximum score of 10.

The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round. There, they fired an additional 20 shots. These shots scored in increments of .1, with a maximum score of 10.9.

The medals were presented by Barbara Kendall, IOC member, New Zealand and Gary Anderson, Vice President of the International Shooting Sport Federation.
Maurice Bradley
Maurice Bradley (born 5 April 1954) is a Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) politician, serving as a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLA) for East Londonderry since 2016. Bradley is the DUP's policing spokesperson. 
He was previously a Coleraine Councillor for the Coleraine East DEA from 1994 to 2014.

2016 Northern Ireland Assembly election
The 2016 Northern Ireland Assembly election was held on Thursday, 5 May 2016. It was the fifth election to take place since the devolved assembly was established in 1998. 1,281,595 individuals were registered to vote in the election (representing an increase of 5.9% compared to the previous Assembly election). Turnout in the 2016 Assembly election was 703,744 (54.9%), a decline of less than one percentage point from the previous Assembly Election in 2011, but down 15 percentage points from the first election to the Assembly held in 1998.

As in the 2007 and 2011 elections, the Democratic Unionist Party and Sinn Féin won the most seats, with the DUP winning 38 and Sinn Féin winning 28 of the available 108 seats. The Ulster Unionist Party won 16 seats, the Social Democratic and Labour Party 12 and the Alliance 8, while two seats were won by the Green Party and People Before Profit. The Traditional Unionist Voice and an independent candidate each won one seat.
Lavrinhas
Lavrinhas is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is formed by the neighborhoods of Jardim Mavisou, Pinheiros, Capela do Jacu, Village Campestre and Centro, where its seat is located. The municipality is crossed by many rivers, creeks etc; the main ones being Jacu River, Braço River and Paraíba do Sul River, this being its main river. It is a historical town, wherein events of the 1932 Paulista Revolution took place. As for its economy, most of it is based on agriculture, cattle raising, in addition to being known for having mineral water spring and crystal clear waters, which attract tourists from all over the country; therefore, it is recognized as a Municipality of Tourist Interest.

Paraíba do Sul
The Paraíba do Sul (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁi.u paɾaˈibɐ du ˈsuw]), or simply Paraíba, is a river in southeast Brazil. It flows 1,137 km (706 mi) west to northeast from its farthest source at the source of the river Paraitinga to the sea near Campos dos Goytacazes. The river receives its name when it meets the river Paraibuna at the Paraibuna dam.

Its main tributaries are the rivers Jaguari, Buquira, Paraibuna, Preto, Pomba and Muriaé. These last two are the longest and join the main river 140 km (87 mi) and 50 km (31 mi) from the mouth respectively .

The valley of the Paraíba do Sul ranges from the latitudes 20°26' and 23°39'S and the longitudes of 41° and 46°30'W and covers an area of about 57,000 km2 (22,000 mi2) distributed over three states. The main economic activities are industry and cattle raising.
Val (given name)
Val is a variant of the feminine names Valerie, Valeria, Valmai, Valentina, or Valene; as well as the masculine names Valeri, Valentine, Valen, Valentino, or Valens.

Val is also a variant of the Old Norse names Vald and Valdr.

Valery
Valery (French: [valeri]) is a male given name and occasional surname. It is derived from the Latin name Valerius. The Slavic given name Valeriy or Valeri is prevalent in Russia and derives directly from the Latin.
2007 Dazhou protests
Following a week of protests, on January 17, 2007, rioters in Dazhou, Sichuan of Dazhu County stormed the Nest Business Hotel and set it alight, owing to the alleged cover-up of a 16-year-old waitress's murder by government officials. The hotel was heavily damaged in the incident.

Dazhou
Dazhou (simplified Chinese: 达州; traditional Chinese: 達州; pinyin: Dázhōu; Wade–Giles: Ta-chou) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of Sichuan province, China, bordering Shaanxi to the north and Chongqing to the east and south. At the end of 2024 and the beginning of 2025, the resident population will be 5,304,300, the urbanization rate is 52.72%, the urban population is 2.794 million, and the rural population is 2.506 million        live in the built-up (or metro) area made of 2 urban districts.
Group extension
In mathematics, a group extension is a general means of describing a group in terms of a particular normal subgroup and quotient group.  If  and  are two groups, then  is an extension of  by  if there is a short exact sequence

If  is an extension of  by , then  is a group,  is a normal subgroup of  and the quotient group  is isomorphic to the group .  Group extensions arise in the context of the extension problem, where the groups  and  are known and the properties of  are to be determined. Note that the phrasing " is an extension of  by " is also used by some.

Since any finite group  possesses a maximal normal subgroup  with simple factor group , all finite groups may be constructed as a series of extensions with finite simple groups. This fact was a motivation for completing the classification of finite simple groups.

An extension is called a central extension if the subgroup  lies in the center of .

Center (group theory)
In abstract algebra, the center of a group G is the set of elements that commute with every element of G. It is denoted Z(G), from German Zentrum, meaning center. In set-builder notation,

Z(G) = {z ∈ G | ∀g ∈ G, zg = gz}.

The center is a normal subgroup, , and also a characteristic subgroup, but is not necessarily fully characteristic. The quotient group, G / Z(G), is isomorphic to the inner automorphism group, Inn(G).

A group G is abelian if and only if Z(G) = G. At the other extreme, a group is said to be centerless if Z(G) is trivial; i.e., consists only of the identity element.

The elements of the center are central elements.
Asemonea murphyae
Asemonea murphyae is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Asemonea that lives in Kenya and South Africa. First defined in 1980 by Fred Wanless, the spider is named after the British arachnologist Frances Murphy. Asemonea murphyae thrives in a wide range of environments, particularly by the side of rivers, streams and tracks. A small spider, with a carapace that is between 1.48 and 2.00 mm (1⁄16 and 1⁄16 in) long and an abdomen between 2.4 mm (1⁄8 in) long, it is generally yellow with a green tint that enables it to blend into its environment. The female is smaller than the male. The species can be distinguished from other spiders in the same genus by the design of the female's epigyne and the male pedipalp, particularly the male's forked spike on the palpal tibia.

Pedipalp
Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the secondary pair of forward appendages among chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") and anterior to the first pair of walking legs.
Percy George Bentham
Percy George Bentham (1883–1936) was a British sculptor whose works include portrait busts, statues and several war memorials. He was a member of the Royal Society of British Sculptors, and a member of the Art Workers' Guild.

He was born in Fulham in 1883. He studied at City and Guilds of London School of Art under William Silver Frith, the Royal Academy School, and in Paris. In 1907 he was awarded a first prize of £20 and a silver medal, for a set of four models of a figure from the life. He was a pupil of Alfred Drury R.A., and assistant to Albert Bruce-Joy and also in the studio of William Robert Colton.

Royal Society of Sculptors
The Royal Society of Sculptors (RSS) is a British charity established in 1905, which promotes excellence in the art and practice of sculpture. Its headquarters are a centre for contemporary sculpture on Old Brompton Road in South Kensington, London. It is the oldest and largest organisation dedicated to sculpture in the UK. Until 2017, it was known as the Royal British Society of Sculptors.

The Royal Society of Sculptors is a registered charity with a selective membership of around 700 professional sculptors. It aims to inspire, inform and engage people of all ages and backgrounds with sculpture, and to support sculptors' development of their practice to the highest professional standards.
Esplanade Mansions, Kolkata
The Esplanade Mansions is a heritage building located in the Indian city of Kolkata, on the Esplanade Row and Marx Engels Beethi Road crossing, opposite to the Raj Bhavan. It was one of the buildings owned by Jewish businessman David Elias Ezra. The residential building was built in the Art Nouveau architecture style. Today it is owned by Life Insurance Corporation and houses commercial, railways and other government offices.

Raj Bhavan, Kolkata
Raj Bhavan, officially known as Lok Bhavan and formerly as Government House (1803–1950) is the official residence of the Governor of West Bengal, C. V. Ananda Bose, located in Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal.

Built in 1803 during the Company rule in India, it became the official residence of the Viceroy of India in 1858 after the transfer of power from the Company to the British Crown. With the shifting of the Indian capital from then-Calcutta to New Delhi in 1911, it became the official residence of the Governor of Bengal (now West Bengal) and has served the same purpose since.