hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Henry Elliott-Smith
Air Commodore Charles Henry Elliott-Smith AFC (1889–1994) was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force who served in World War I and World War II.  He was awarded the Air Force Cross in 1919, and was made a Commander of the Order of George I, by the King of Greece, in 1944.

Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
The Air Force Cross (AFC) is a military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 other ranks, of the British Armed Forces, and formerly also to officers of the other Commonwealth countries. It is granted for "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry while flying, though not in active operations against the enemy". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders who are awarded a further AFC.
European Helicopter Safety Team
The European Helicopter Safety Team (EHEST) was a European aviation safety improvement initiative focusing on improving helicopter safety in Europe and worldwide. It was established in 2006 as part of the European Strategic Safety Initiative (ESSI) of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The goal of the European Helicopter Safety Team was to contribute to reducing the worldwide helicopter accident rate by 80% in the time-span 2006-2016, which was set as a goal by the International Helicopter Safety Team (IHST) in 2006. Focusing on European helicopter operators and manufacturers, the European Helicopter Safety Team conducted helicopter accident analyses, provided technology potential studies, and published safety management and training documents.

Aviation safety improvement initiatives
The Aviation Safety Improvement Initiatives are aviation safety partnership between Regulators, manufacturers, operators and professional unions, research organisations, international organisations to further enhance safety.

The major Safety initiatives worldwide are:

Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) in the US,

International Helicopter Safety Team (IHST),

European Strategic Safety Initiative (ESSI) in Europe.
Animal welfare and rights in Canada
Animal welfare and rights in Canada is about the laws concerning and treatment of nonhuman animals in Canada. Canada has been considered to have weak animal welfare protections by the organization World Animal Protection. The vast majority of Canadians are for further animal protections, according to a poll conducted on behalf of Mercy for Animals.

Mercy for Animals
Mercy For Animals (MFA) is an international nonprofit animal protection organization founded in 1999 by Milo Runkle. MFA's mission is to "prevent cruelty to farmed animals and promote compassionate food choices and policies."
Captain D'Agoust
Louis-Fouquet de Vincens de Saint-Michel, marquis d'Agoult (Saint-Michel, 5 December 1737 – London, 19 February 1813) was an officer of the Gardes Françaises, described by Thomas Carlyle in his classic recounting of the French Revolution, as a "cast-iron" individual.

Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire
Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ miʃɛl lɔpsɛʁvatwaʁ]; Occitan: Sant Miquèu de l'Observatòri) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France. It was the death place of 18th-century botanist Jean-Paul de Rome d'Ardène and Taos Amrouche, the French-speaking Algerian writer, singer of Kabyle music, and activist for women's causes.
Andy Tompkins
John Andrew Tompkins (born November 16, 1947) is an American educator in Kansas. Prior to his previous post at Wichita State University, he served as interim president at Fort Hays State, as well as the president of the Kansas Board of Regents from 2010 to 2015. Tompkins was a professor and dean at Pittsburg State University two different times, and served as a superintendent of three different Kansas school districts. Tompkins is also the former Commissioner of the Kansas State Department of Education, serving from June 1, 1996 to June 30, 2005.

Kansas State Department of Education
The Kansas State Department of Education (KSDE) is a state agency responsible for administration of the state's K-12 education system. It is governed by a ten-member board, the State Board of Education, which appoints the Commissioner of Education.  The Board helps determine educational policy for the state's primary and secondary schools.
Caleb Francis
Caleb Francis (born 8 February 1968) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He was born in Mauritius, and spent most of his career at Kongsvinger, Bryne and Ull/Kisa. After retiring as an active player he has worked as both a football commentator and coach.

Kongsvinger IL
Kongsvinger Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from the city of Kongsvinger which is located in Kongsvinger Municipality in Innlandet county. It was founded in 1892. Its men's football team is well-known, and it has teams for several other sports.
Lollicup Coffee & Tea
Lollicup Coffee & Tea (Chinese: 樂立杯; pinyin: lè lì bēi), rebranded as Lollicup fresh, is a Taiwanese American chain of tea shops founded by Lollicup USA, Inc., with headquarters in Chino, California. Founded in 2000 by Alan Yu and Marvin Cheng, the company now has dozens of locations and franchises in the United States and China. Formerly known as Lollicup Tea Zone, the fast food chain specializes in bubble tea and coffee.

The company manufactures and distributes edible products including "tea leves, drink powders, jellies, syrups, sweeteners, [and] frozen yogurt toppings". As of 2015, the Los Angeles Times reported that Lollicup was distributing 70% of all boba in the United States.  Its subsidiary Karat also produces disposable branded plastic and paper cups it sells to other businesses.

Bubble tea
Bubble tea (also known as pearl milk tea, bubble milk tea, tapioca milk tea, boba tea, or boba; Chinese: 珍珠奶茶; pinyin: zhēnzhū nǎichá, 波霸奶茶; bōbà nǎichá) is a tea-based drink most often containing chewy tapioca balls, milk, and flavouring. It originated in Taiwan in the 1980s and spread to other countries where there is a large East Asian diaspora population.

Bubble tea is most commonly made with tapioca pearls (also known as "boba" or "balls"), but it can be made with other toppings as well, such as grass jelly, aloe vera, red bean, and popping boba. It has many varieties and flavours, but the two most popular varieties are pearl black milk tea and pearl green milk tea ("pearl" for the tapioca balls at the bottom).
Quilandy Assembly constituency
Quilandy State Assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Vatakara Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is Kanathil Jameela of Communist Party of India (Marxist).

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Ingenheim (Billigheim-Ingenheim)
Ingenheim is a village belonging to the municipality of Billigheim-Ingenheim in the district Südliche Weinstraße (Southern Wine Route) in the Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Up to 1969, Ingenheim had been an autonomous borough.

Südliche Weinstraße
Südliche Weinstraße (German: [ˌzyːtlɪçə ˈvaɪnˌʃtʁaːsə]; Palatine German: Siedlischi Woischdrooß; lit. 'Southern Wine Route') is a district (Kreis) in the south of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Südwestpfalz, Bad Dürkheim, the district-free city Neustadt (Weinstraße), Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, Germersheim, and the French département Bas-Rhin. The district-free city Landau is surrounded by the district.
Víðarr
In Norse mythology, Víðarr (Old Norse: [ˈwiːðɑrː], possibly "wide ruler", sometimes anglicized as Vidar /ˈviːdɑːr/, Vithar, Vidarr, and Vitharr) is a god among the Æsir associated with vengeance. Víðarr is described as the son of Odin and the jötunn Gríðr and is foretold to avenge his father's death by killing the wolf Fenrir at Ragnarök, a conflict he is described as surviving. Víðarr is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and is interpreted as depicted with Fenrir on the Gosforth Cross. A number of theories surround the figure, including theories around potential ritual silence and a Proto-Indo-European basis.

Snorri Sturluson
Snorri Sturluson (Old Norse: [ˈsnorːe ˈsturloˌson]; Icelandic: [ˈstnɔrːɪ ˈstʏ(r)tlʏˌsɔːn]; 1179 – 23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, knight, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker of the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He is commonly thought to have authored or compiled portions of the Prose Edda, which is a major source for what is today known about Norse mythology and alliterative verse, and Heimskringla, a history of the Norse kings that begins with legendary material in Ynglinga saga and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of Egil's Saga. He was assassinated in 1241 by men claiming to be agents of the King of Norway.
Ure (missile)
The Ure (Hangul: 우레; English: Thunder), or often called KTSSM (Korean Tactical Surface-to-Surface Missile; Korean: 한국형 전술 지대지 유도탄; Hanja: 韓國型戰術地對地誘導彈; RR: Hangukhyeong Jeonsul Jidaeji Yudotan) is a short-range tactical surface-to-surface missile (SSM) developed through the Lightning Project (Korean: 번개사업; RR: Beongae Saeop) that began as a countermeasure against North Korea's conventional artillery raised in the wake of the Bombardment of Yeonpyong Island.

The Block 1 for fixed launcher platform, which was developed in 2019, was jointly developed with Hanwha Group under the leadership of Agency for Defense Development (ADD) and is currently developing an improved Block 2 version to operate on various transporter erector launcher (TEL) platforms.

Block 1 has been deployed to the Republic of Korea Armed Forces since February 2025.

Hanwha Group
Hanwha Group (Korean: 한화그룹) is a South Korean business conglomerate (chaebol). Founded in 1952 as Korea Explosives Co. (한국화약주식회사; 韓國火藥株式會社), the group has grown into a large multi-profile business conglomerate, with diversified holdings stretching from explosives—their original business—to energy, materials, aerospace, mechatronics, finance, retail, and lifestyle services. In 1992, the company adopted its abbreviation as its new name: "Hanwha".
Maquis Ventoux
The Maquis Ventoux was one of the principal French Resistance groups active in the Provence region during the Second World War. It operated as part of the R2 resistance network, a codename used to designate resistance efforts in southeastern France. The group's strategic significance stemmed from its location in the Mont Ventoux massif within the Rhône Valley, a region that offered natural protection and proximity to key transport routes. Its development was also facilitated by the presence of numerous draft evaders who sought refuge in the area between 1939 and 1940, as well as by widespread support from the local population.

Vallée du Rhône (France)
The Vallée du Rhône (French pronunciation: [vale dy ʁon]; Occitan: Vall del Ròne) of Rhône Valley is a region located on either side of the Rhône, downstream from Lyon, in the south-east of France. The city of Valence in Drôme is considered the heart of the valley.
Oliver Mark
Oliver Mark (born 20 February 1963 in Gelsenkirchen) is a German photographer and artist. He lives and works in Berlin. His work focuses in particular on portrait photography as well as serial, conceptual projects in the context of fine art.

Karl Otto Götz
Karl Otto Götz (22 February 1914 – 19 August 2017), often simply called K.O. Götz, was a German artist, filmmaker, draughtsman, printmaker, writer and professor of art at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. He was one of the oldest living and active artists older than 100 years of age and is best remembered for his explosive and complex abstract forms. His powerful, surrealist-inspired works earned him international recognition in exhibitions like documenta II in 1959. Götz never confined himself to one specific style or artistic field. He also explored generated abstract forms through television art. Götz is one of the most important members of the German Art Informel movement. His works and teachings influenced future artists such as Sigmar Polke, Nam June Paik and Gerhard Richter. He lived in Wolfenacker from 1975 until his death.
Narwar Fort
Narwar Fort is situated atop a hill, at Narwar in Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh, about 500 feet above ground level spread over an area of 8 km2, which stands on a steep scarp of the Vindhya Range. Kushwaha are said to have built (or rebuilt) the fort when they occupied Narwar in the 10th century.  Kachwaha Rajput, Pratihara Rajput, and Tomara Rajputs held Narwar successively from 12th century onwards, until its capture by the Malwa Sultanate in the 14th century, and later served as feudal state till 1808. The fort's layout spans nearly 8 km² and features a network of palaces, courtyards, and religious structures, many of which showcase Rajput and Mughal architectural influences. Among its notable features is the Chhip Mahal, which incorporates reused temple pillars and remains a symbol of layered historical legacies.

Kachhwaha
The Kachhwaha is a Rajput clan found primarily in India. They claim to be descendants of Kusha, hence from the Suryavanshi (Solar) dynasty. The Kachhwahas ruled the Kingdom of Amber in present-day Rajasthan, India.
Clebsch graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Clebsch graph is either of two complementary graphs on 16 vertices, a 5-regular graph with 40 edges and a 10-regular graph with 80 edges. The 80-edge graph is the dimension-5 halved cube graph; it was called the Clebsch graph by Seidel (1968) because of its relation to the configuration of 16 lines on the quartic surface discovered in 1868 by the German mathematician Alfred Clebsch. The 40-edge version is the dimension-5 folded cube graph; it is also known as the Greenwood–Gleason graph after the work of Robert E. Greenwood and Andrew M. Gleason (1955), who used it to evaluate the Ramsey number R(3,3,3) = 17.

Complement graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the complement or inverse of a graph G is a graph H on the same vertices such that two distinct vertices are adjacent in H if and only if they are not adjacent in G. That is, to generate the complement of a graph, one fills in all the missing edges required to form a complete graph, and removes all the edges that were previously there.

The complement of the graph is not the set complement of the graph: only the edges are complemented.
DZYB
DZYB (102.3 FM) is a radio station owned by Nation Broadcasting Corporation and operated by Philippine Collective Media Corporation. It currently serves as a relay station of FM Radio 92.3 in Manila. The station's transmitter is located at Mt. Sto. Tomas, Tuba, Benguet.

DWFM
DWFM (92.3 FM), broadcasting as FM Radio 92.3, is a radio station owned by Nation Broadcasting Corporation and operated by Philippine Collective Media Corporation. It serves as the flagship station of FM Radio Philippines. The station's studio is located at 5th Floor, The Ignacia Place, 62 Sgt. Esguerra Ave corner Mother Ignacia Ave., Barangay South Triangle, Diliman, Quezon City; its transmitter is located at NBC compound, Block 3, Emerald Hills, Sumulong Highway, Antipolo.
Baldeo Das Birla
Baldeo Das Birla (1863–1956) was an Indian industrialist and philanthropist. He contributed to the establishment of the Medical College Calcutta, and also built the Laxminarayan Temple, Delhi, also known as Birla Mandir, which was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1939.

Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata
Medical College, Kolkata, also known as Calcutta Medical College, is a public medical college and hospital in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Established in 1835 by Lord William Bentinck, it is one of the oldest medical colleges to teach modern medicine in Asia.
Artwork (album)
Artwork is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Used, released through Reprise in the United States and the United Kingdom on August 31, 2009. This is the band's last studio album with Reprise Records before moving to Hopeless Records.

Reprise Records
Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Lindsey Buckingham, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, Never Shout Never, and Billy Strings.
Qutebrowser
qutebrowser (pronounced "cute browser") is a web browser for the operating systems Linux, Windows, and macOS, with vim-style key bindings and a minimal graphical user interface (GUI). It is keyboard-driven and is inspired by similar software such as Vimperator and dwb. It is developed by Florian Bruhin.

Qutebrowser is free and open-source software released under the GNU General Public License, and is included in the native repositories of Linux distributions such as Fedora and Arch Linux.

Qutebrowser can use two layout or browser engines: QtWebEngine by default, or WebKit optionally instead. It uses DuckDuckGo as the default search engine.

Minimalism (computing)
In computing, minimalism refers to the application of minimalist philosophies and principles in the design and use of hardware and software. Minimalism, in this sense, means designing systems that use the least hardware and software resources possible.
Bohemian Embassy
The Bohemian Embassy was a coffeehouse and cultural venue in Toronto, Canada, that opened in June 1960 and operated continually in different sites and formats until the early 1990s. Comedian and actor Don Cullen was associated with the establishment throughout its existence. Various aspects of culture were showcased, including jazz and folk music, poetry and theatre. The venue hosted performances by artists such as Milton Acorn, Margaret Atwood, sean o huigan, Sylvia Tyson, Gwendolyn MacEwen, David Essig, Martin Bronstein, Michael Boncoeur and Paul K. Willis. The legacy of the venue was examined in Bravo!'s 2010 documentary Behind the Bohemian Embassy. The "Bohemian Embassy" name has been appropriated by a condominium building in the Queen Street West area of Toronto, and a new wave rock group.

Queen Street (Toronto)
Queen Street is a major east–west thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It extends from Roncesvalles Avenue and King Street in the west to Victoria Park Avenue in the east. Queen Street was the cartographic baseline for the original east–west avenues of Toronto's and York County's grid pattern of major roads. The western section of Queen (sometimes simply referred to as "Queen West") is a centre for Canadian broadcasting, music, fashion, performance, and the visual arts.
Radivoj of Bosnia
Radivoj of Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Radivoj Ostojić/Радивој Остојић; died in late May or early June 1463) was anti-king of Bosnia from 1432 until 1435, when he lost all control over the kingdom but did not relinquish the title, and again from 1443 until 1446, when he abandoned his claim. He was recognized as king by the Ottoman Empire and the Despotate of Serbia, as well as by the Bosnian noble houses of Kosača and Pavlović, but never by the West. Radivoj is thus seldom included in the list of rulers of Bosnia.

Pavlović noble family
The House of Pavlović, also Radinović or Radenović[a], or Radinović-Pavlović, was Bosnian noble family who got their name after Radin Jablanić. Radin's father, Jablan, was a founder of Jablanić house, an earlier branch of this medieval Bosnian clan. Jablan's estate was in Jablan village (also Jablanovo, near Lukavica). Later, family extended their feudal possessions from the Middle and Upper Drina river in the eastern parts of medieval Bosnia, known as Pavlovića zemlja, to south-southeastern regions of the Bosnian realm in Hum and Konavle at the Adriatic coast.
The family official residence and seat was at Borač and later Pavlovac, above the Prača river canyon, between present-day Prača, Rogatica and Goražde in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Nangangamba
"Nangangamba" (lit. 'Afraid') is a song by Filipino singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Zack Tabudlo. It was released by Island Philippines and UMG Philippines as a digital single on August 7, 2020. Written and produced by Tabudlo, it is a pop and R&B track that inspires a failed romance, where the person felt like someone they loved was playing too hard to get.

The song was a sleeper hit nearly a year later and has since positioned on several Spotify charts abroad. It debuted at number 18 at the Billboard Philippines Songs where the chart had first launched on February 19, 2022, and peaked at number 16 on April 16.

UMG Philippines
UMG Philippines Inc. is a record label based in the Philippines and served as its regional branch of the multinational music corporation, Universal Music Group. Formerly known as MCA Music, the record label previously retained the now-discontinued MCA name on legal purposes because of a trademark dispute with an unrelated label known as Universal Records, which preempted the rights to the word "Universal" for recorded music in the Philippines. However, the company adopted the moniker "MCA/Universal", much like Universal Pictures' home video unit from 1990 to 1997, to simplify identification, even though no formal "Universal" branding is exercised. Despite the naming, the label is known outside the Philippines as Universal Music Philippines.

The record label then changed to its current name on November 3, 2021.
Yordanov Island
Yordanov Island (Bulgarian: Йорданов остров, romanized: Yordanov ostrov, IPA: [jordɐˈnɔf ˈɔstrof]) is the 600 m long in west–east direction and 300 m wide rocky island with surface area of 11 hectares (27 acres) whose north extremity Foul Point forms the east entrance to Ommanney Bay on the north coast of Coronation Island in the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. It is separated from the main island by a passage narrowing to just 30 m at points. The island is named after Captain Yordan Yordanov (1932-2012), commander of the ocean fishing trawler Sagita of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas during its fishing trip to Antarctic waters off South Georgia from December 1979 to June 1980. A designated onboard team of marine biologists undertook fisheries research in the process. The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.

Ommanney Bay (Coronation Island)
Ommanney Bay (60°33′S 45°32′W﻿ / ﻿60.550°S 45.533°W﻿ / -60.550; -45.533) is a bay 2 mi (3.2 km) wide between Prong Point and Foul Point on the north coast of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. Like much of Coronation Island and its surrounding features, it was first seen and roughly charted by Captain George Powell and Captain Nathaniel Palmer in 1821. It was recharted in 1933 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II and named for Francis D. Ommanney, zoologist on the staff of the Discovery Committee.

Prong Point is a narrow protruding headland forming the west side of the entrance to Ommanney Bay. After being charted by Powell and Palmer in 1821, it was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1956–58. The United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) named it in 1959.