hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arkansas Highway 72
Arkansas Highway 72 (AR 72) is a designation for two east–west state highways in Benton County, Arkansas. One segment of 26.32 miles (42.36 km) runs from Highway 43 at Maysville east to Walton Boulevard in Bentonville. A second segment of 12.67 miles (20.39 km) runs from Interstate 49 (I-49) in Bentonville east to U.S. Route 62 (US 62) north of Avoca. The route is one of the original Arkansas state highways.

U.S. Route 62 in Arkansas
U.S. Route 62 (US 62) is a U.S. highway running from El Paso, Texas northeast to Niagara Falls, New York. In the U.S. state of Arkansas, the route runs 329.9 miles from the Oklahoma border near Summers east to the Missouri border in St. Francis, serving the northern portion of the state. The route passes through several cities and towns, including Fayetteville, Springdale, Bentonville, Harrison, Mountain Home, Pocahontas, and also Piggott. US 62 runs concurrent with several highways in Arkansas including Interstate 49 and U.S. Route 71 between Fayetteville and Bentonville, U.S. Route 412 through much of the state, U.S. Route 65 in the Harrison area, and with U.S. Route 63 and U.S. Route 67 in northeast Arkansas.
Aldo Leão Ramírez
Aldo Leao Ramírez Sierra (born 18 April 1981) is a Colombian footballer. He also holds Mexican citizenship.

Ramírez made his debut with Santa Fe of his home country of Colombia and also played for Atlético Nacional where he helped the team capture back-to-back league titles. In 2008 Leão moved to Mexican club Monarcas Morelia, the club where he has spent for the majority of his career. Ramírez has helped Morelia win the 2010 North American SuperLiga and the Apertura 2013 Copa MX. After the departure of goalkeeper Federico Vilar before the Clausura 2014 season, Ramírez was named captain of Morelia by then manager Carlos Bustos.

Ramírez has represented Colombia both at youth and senior level. Ramírez made his debut for the Colombia national team in 2002 in a friendly against Honduras. Ramírez first goal for Colombia came in a 3–2 loss against England in 2005.

Federico Vilar
Federico Vilar Baudena (born 30 May 1977) is an Argentine football manager and former player who played as a goalkeeper.

Vilar played the majority of his career in Mexico where played for five different clubs. He also won four different titles and scored four goals all by free kicks. Vilar was known for his great reflexes and established himself as one of Mexico's best goalkeepers, his charisma and leadership ability has also earned him the title of team captain throughout his career.
Copper in Africa
Copper is one of the world's most important industrial minerals, and Africa is an important world producer.  While output is traditionally dominated by Zambia, South Africa and Katanga Province in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, many African nations contribute to copper production, and many African nations have undeveloped ore resources.

Cobalt, another important industrial metal, is often mined in conjunction with copper.

Copper extraction
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper.

Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted.
Fragrance extraction
Fragrance extraction refers to the separation process of aromatic compounds from raw materials, using methods such as distillation, solvent extraction, expression, sieving, or enfleurage. The results of the extracts are either essential oils, absolutes, concretes, or butters, depending on the amount of waxes in the extracted product.

To a certain extent, all of these techniques tend to produce an extract with an aroma that differs from the aroma of the raw materials. Heat, chemical solvents, or exposure to oxygen in the extraction process may denature some aromatic compounds, either changing their odour character or rendering them odourless, and the proportion of each aromatic component that is extracted can differ.

Enfleurage
Enfleurage is a process that uses odorless fats that are solid at room temperature to capture the fragrant compounds, such as volatile oils, produced by plants. The process can be "cold" enfleurage or "hot" enfleurage. The method was formed in the 17th–18th centuries in connection with the development of the perfume craft in the French city of Grasse.
Eldad Reef
Eldad Reef (Tagalog: Bahura ng Malvar); Én Đất Reef (Vietnamese: Đá Én Đất);  Mandarin Chinese: 安达礁; pinyin: Āndá Jiāo, is a reef on the northeastern part of the Tizard Bank of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. Eldad Reef is located about 36 km (22 mi) from Taiping Island to the west, and about 54 km (34 mi) from the Gaven Reefs to the southeast. There are sandbars formed on the reefs. It is currently under the administration of Sansha, Hainan, China. The government of Taiwan, Vietnam and the Philippines also claim sovereignty over the reef.

Gaven Reefs
The Gaven Reefs, also known as the Burgos Reefs (Filipino: Mga Bahura ng Burgos, lit. 'Reefs of Burgos'), is a group of two reefs in the Tizard Bank of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. The two individual reefs are known as 南薰礁; Nánxūn Jiāo and 西南礁; Xīnán Jiāo in Mandarin, and Đá Ga Ven and Đá Lạc in Vietnamese).

They are occupied and controlled by China (PRC) as part of Sansha, and claimed by Taiwan (ROC), the Philippines and Vietnam. They have a supply platform and a reef fortress.

The northern reef (Nánxūn Jiāo) comprises 86 hectares (210 acres) and its highest point is 1.9 meters (6 feet 3 inches) above sea level. The southern reef (Xīnán Jiāo) comprises 67 ha (170 acres). Since 2014, north reef has been subject to significant reclamation activities.
Little River (Ochlockonee River tributary)
The Little River is a minor river in the Florida Big Bend. A tributary of the Ochlockonee River, it is approximately 14 miles (23 km) in length and is located entirely within Gadsden County.

Forming at the confluence of Attapulgus Creek and Willacoochee Creek which drain part of southwestern Georgia, the river flows south through Gadsden County east of Quincy, draining part of the Red Hills before entering Lake Talquin State Park before reaching its terminus, flowing into Lake Talquin, a reservoir on the Ochlockonee River.

The river flows through Little River Conservation Area, a 2,119-acre (858 ha) tract purchased by the State of Florida using Florida Forever funds for the protection of wildlife habitat and floodplain forest along the middle river.

Ochlockonee River
The Ochlockonee River ( /oʊˈklɒknɪ/ o-KLOK-nee) is a fast running river, except where it has been dammed to form Lake Talquin in Florida, originating in Georgia and flowing for 206 miles (332 km) before terminating in Florida.
Prince Edward Island Route 154
46°52′14.20″N 64°2′9.70″W﻿ / ﻿46.8706111°N 64.0360278°W﻿ / 46.8706111; -64.0360278

Pridham Road, labelled Route 154, is a 2-lane collector highway in western Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is near the town of Alberton. Its maximum speed limit is 80 km/h (50 mph).

The highway runs from Route 152 (Union Road) to Route 12, the Lady Slipper Drive, passing through the communities of Montrose and Central Kildare.

Prince Edward Island Route 12
Route 12 is a 112 km (70 mi), two-lane, uncontrolled-access, secondary highway in western Prince Edward Island, Canada. Its southern terminus is at Route 11 in Miscouche and its northern terminus is at the North Cape Hiking Trail in Tignish. The route parallels Route 2 as it travels toward the North Cape.
Emigrant Trail in Wyoming
The Emigrant Trail in Wyoming, which is the path followed by Western pioneers using the Oregon, California, and Mormon Trails (collectively referred to as the Emigrant Trails), spans 400 miles (640 km) through the U.S. state of Wyoming. The trail entered from Nebraska on the eastern border of the state near the present day town of Torrington and exited on the western border near the towns of Cokeville and Afton. An estimated 350,000 to 400,000 settlers traveled on the trail through Wyoming between 1841 and 1868. All three trails follow the same path through most of the state. The Mormon Trail splits at Fort Bridger and enters Utah, while the Oregon and California Trails continue to Idaho.

Fort Bridger
Fort Bridger was originally a 19th-century fur trading outpost established in 1842, on Blacks Fork of the Green River, in what is now Uinta County, Wyoming, United States and was then part of Mexico. It became a vital resupply point for wagon trains on the Oregon, California, and Mormon Trails. The US Army established a military post here in 1858 during the Utah War, until it was finally closed in 1890. A small town, Fort Bridger, Wyoming, remains near the fort and takes its name from it.
Melaleuca leucadendra
Melaleuca leucadendra, commonly known as weeping paperbark, long-leaved paperbark or white paperbark is a species of woody plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, and is widespread in northern Australia, New Guinea and parts of Indonesia. It grows as a tree to more than 20 m (70 ft) with a trunk covered with thick, white, papery bark and weeping thinner branches. It has a long flowering season, can flower at almost any time of the year and is often grown as a tree in parks and on roadsides. It was the first melaleuca to be described and was described from a specimen growing in Indonesia.

Myrtus
Myrtus (commonly called   myrtle) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. It was first described by Swedish botanist Linnaeus in 1753.

Over 600 names have been proposed in the genus, but nearly all have either been moved to other genera or been regarded as synonyms. Two species are currently accepted:

Myrtus communis L. – Common myrtle; native to the Mediterranean region in southern Europe

Myrtus nivellei Batt. & Trab. – Saharan myrtle; native to the Saharan mountains of northern Africa
D26 road (Croatia)
D26 is a state road in central Croatia connecting the D5 in Daruvar and the D10 expressway near Vrbovec (Dubrava interchange), comprising a connection to the planned but cancelled A12 motorway route. The road is 88.5 km (55.0 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state owned company.

D10 road (Croatia)
The D10 expressway is a partially built expressway in central Croatia northeast from Zagreb extending towards the city of Križevci. It is currently executed as a 35 km (14 mi) long expressway that spans from the A4 motorway Sveta Helena interchange via Vrbovec, to the city of Križevci. The D10 expressway represents the western arm of the so-called Podravina Y, as the eastern arm is planned to be the D12 expressway.

In 2008 the expressway was planned to be upgraded to a motorway called the A12 and extended northward to Križevci, Koprivnica and Gola, Koprivnica-Križevci County border crossing to Hungary. The motorway was criticised by media as an election campaign stunt. After suffering three years of construction works delays caused by complete absence of funding, Hrvatske autoceste announced cancellation of the motorway construction in May 2012. The 12.5-kilometre (7.8 mi) section between the Gradec interchange and the Križevci interchange opened in September 2016.
Phi Kappa Alpha
Phi Kappa Alpha (ΦΚΑ) was an American college literary society and social fraternity. It was established in 1870 at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. It had a second chapter at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. The society went inactive when it merged with Beta Theta Pi in 1880.

College literary societies
College literary societies in American higher education are a particular kind of social organization, distinct from literary societies generally, and they were often the precursors of college fraternities and sororities. In the period from the late 18th century to the Civil War, collegiate literary societies were an important part of campus social life. These societies are often called Latin literary societies because they typically have compound Latinate names.
Delebat
Delebat (also read Dilbat) was the most commonly used name of the planet Venus in Mesopotamian astronomy. The etymology of this term is unknown. Information about the Mesopotamian perception of Venus is available from sources such as astronomical texts, for example MUL.APIN, or astrological omen compendiums, such as Enūma Anu Enlil (in particular its sixty-third tablet, the Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa). One of the Mandaic names of Venus, Libat, is a loanword derived from Delebat.

Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa
The Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa (Enuma Anu Enlil Tablet 63) is the record of astronomical positions for Venus, as preserved in numerous cuneiform tablets dating from the first millennium BC. Scholars believe that this astronomical record was first compiled during the reign of King Ammisaduqa (or Ammizaduga), the fourth ruler after Hammurabi. Thus, the origins of this text could probably be dated to around the mid-seventeenth century BC (according to the Middle Chronology) despite allowing two possible dates.

The tablet gives the rise times of Venus and its first and last visibility on the horizon before or after sunrise and sunset (the heliacal risings and settings of Venus) in the form of lunar dates. These positions are given for a period of 21 years.
Centre Street, Hong Kong
Centre Street (Chinese: 正街) is a street in the Sai Ying Pun area of Hong Kong. It is the focal point of the most active traditional market in the Western District of Hong Kong Island. The street was amongst the first to have been planned during early development of the area.

With a 1:4 gradient, Centre Street is one of the steepest roads in Hong Kong, earning it the nickname Long Life Slope. It is used by approximately 10,000 pedestrians per day.

The section north of Queen's Road West and south of Victoria Harbour is a flat road that was originally reclaimed from the sea.

Queen's Road, Hong Kong
Queen's Road is a collection of roads along the northern coast of Hong Kong Island, in Hong Kong, within the limit of Victoria City. It was the first road in Hong Kong, constructed by the British between 1841 and 1843, spanning across Victoria City from Shek Tong Tsui to Wan Chai.

At various points along the route, Queen's Road marks the original shoreline before land reclamation projects permanently extended land into Victoria Harbour.

The four sections of the roads are, from west to east: Queen's Road West (Chinese: 皇后大道西; Jyutping: wong4 hau6 daai6 dou6 sai1), Queen's Road Central (皇后大道中; wong4 hau6 daai6 dou6 zung1), Queensway (金鐘道; gam1 zung1 dou6), and Queen's Road East (皇后大道東; wong4 hau6 daai6 dou6 dung1).
R. K. Shekhar
R. K. Shekhar (7 November 1933 – 30 September 1976) was an Indian music composer who worked primarily for Malayalam cinema and served as music conductor for more than 100 films. He is the father of A. R. Rahman and A. R. Reihana.

His grandchildren A. R. Ameen, Khatija Rahman, G. V. Prakash Kumar, and Bhavani Sre are involved in the music and film industries.

His debut song as a music director was "Chotta Muthal Chudala Vare" ("from cradle to grave"), which was a big hit in Kerala. This was composed for the film Pazhassi Raja (1964).

G. V. Prakash Kumar
G. V. Prakash Kumar (born 13 June 1987) is an Indian music composer, playback singer, actor, and film producer who works mainly in Tamil cinema.

He made his debut as a composer with S Pictures' Veyil (2006), and rose to prominence in the early 2010s. He made his acting debut in 2015 with Darling. He has won two National Film Awards, three Filmfare Awards, and three SIIMA Awards.
James Guthrie (artist)
Sir James Guthrie PPRSA  (10 June 1859 – 6 September 1930) was a Scottish painter, associated with the Glasgow Boys. He is best known in his own lifetime for his portraiture, although today more generally regarded as a painter of Scottish Realism.

Royal Scottish Academy
The Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) is the country's national academy of art. It promotes contemporary Scottish art.

The Academy was founded in 1826 by eleven artists meeting in Edinburgh. Originally named the Scottish Academy, it became the Royal Scottish Academy on being granted a royal charter in 1838.

The RSA maintains a unique position in the country as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and architects to promote and support the creation, understanding, and enjoyment of visual arts through exhibitions and related educational events.
Aladdin al-Droubi
Alaa al-Din Pasha bin Abdul Hamid Pasha al-Droubi (Arabic: علاء الدين باشا بن عبد الحميد باشا الدروبي; 1870 – 21 August 1920) was a Syrian politician who served as Prime Minister of Syria for a month before his assassination in 1920.

Prime Minister of Syria
The prime minister of Syria (Arabic: رئيس وزراء سوريا, romanized: Raʾīs wuzarāʾ Sūriyā), officially the president of the Council of Ministers of the Syrian Arab Republic, was the head of government of Syria from 1920 to 2025. After the fall of the Assad regime, the prime minister of Syria was the head of the Syrian caretaker government.
Gandhidham–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Sarvodaya Express
The 12473 / 12474 Gandhidham-Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Sarvodaya Express is an express train of the Indian Railways connecting Gandhidham Junction in Gujarat and Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra of Jammu and Kashmir. It is currently being operated with 12473/12474 train numbers on a weekly basis.

Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra railway station (station code: SVDK) is a railway station on the Jammu Udhampur Srinagar Baramulla Railway Link in Reasi district in the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It mainly serves the town of Katra where the major Hindu Shri Mata Vaishno Devi temple is situated. The temple is visited by millions of travellers per month via this station and its frequent special trains connectivity from all over India. The station belongs to the newly created Jammu division of Northern Railway zone in Jammu and Kashmir.
Nagata ring
In commutative algebra, an N-1 ring is an integral domain  whose integral closure in its quotient field is a finitely generated -module. It is called a Japanese ring (or an N-2 ring) if for every finite extension  of its quotient field , the integral closure of  in  is a finitely generated -module (or equivalently a finite -algebra). A ring is called universally Japanese if every finitely generated integral domain over it is Japanese, and is called a Nagata ring, named for Masayoshi Nagata, or a pseudo-geometric ring if it is Noetherian and universally Japanese (or, which turns out to be the same, if it is Noetherian and all of its quotients by a prime ideal are N-2 rings). A ring is called geometric if it is the local ring of an algebraic variety or a completion of such a local ring, but this concept is not used much.

Field of fractions
In abstract algebra, the field of fractions of an integral domain is the smallest field in which it can be embedded. The construction of the field of fractions is modeled on the relationship between the integral domain of integers and the field of rational numbers. Intuitively, it consists of ratios between integral domain elements.

The field of fractions of an integral domain  is sometimes denoted by  or , and the construction is sometimes also called the fraction field, field of quotients, or quotient field of .  All four are in common usage, but are not to be confused with the quotient of a ring by an ideal, which is a quite different concept. For a commutative ring that is not an integral domain, the analogous construction is called the localization or ring of quotients.
Area codes 559 and 357
Area codes 559 and 357 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan for the central San Joaquin Valley in central California. The numbering plan area includes the counties of Fresno, Madera, Kings, and Tulare, an area largely coextensive with the Fresno and Visalia-Porterville metropolitan areas. Area code 559 was placed in service in 1998, when its services area was split from that of area code 209. 357 was added to form an overlay complex in 2025.

Fresno County, California
Fresno County (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ ⓘ), officially the County of Fresno, is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-most populous city in California. Fresno County comprises the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security.
2004 Qamishli riots
The 2004 Qamishli riots were riots of Syrian Kurds in the northeastern city of Qamishli on 12 March 2004, followed by deadly suppression by the Ba'athist Syrian military forces.

Relations between the Arabs who settled in Qamishli during the Arab Belt programme and Kurdish inhabitants had been tense for decades. In March 2004, clashes broke out between Arab and Kurdish audiences during a chaotic football match. The Ba'ath Party local office was burned down by Kurdish demonstrators, who went on to destroy the statue of Hafez al-Assad in Qamishli city, echoing the toppling of Firdos Square statue in 2003.

The Syrian military swiftly responded; deploying troops backed by tanks and helicopters, and launching an extensive crackdown. At least 30 Kurds were killed and 160 wounded as the security forces re-asserted control over the city. As a result of the crackdown, thousands of Syrian Kurds fled to Iraqi Kurdistan.

Arab Belt project
The Arab Belt (Arabic: الحزام العربي, romanized: al-hizām al-ʿarabī; Kurdish: که‌مبه‌را عه‌ره‌بی, romanized: Kembera Erebî) was a project undertaken by Ba'athist Syria, which aimed to Arabize the northern areas of the Al-Hasakah Governorate, to the detriment of other ethnic groups, particularly the Kurds.

It primarily involved the expulsion of Kurds from public land used as pasture, and the settlement of Arabs, in their place. The program was implemented in 1973; deporting around 140,000 Kurds and confiscating their lands around a 180-mile strip. Thousands of Arabs—around 4,000 families who were displaced by the creation of Euphrates Lake in Raqqa—were then granted these lands to establish settlements.
Metal Max (video game)
Metal Max is a role-playing video game developed by Crea-Tech and Data East and published by Data East for the Famicom. It is the first game in the Metal Max series.

Metal Max is set in a futuristic post-apocalyptic world, where the surviving humans cluster in underground villages and ruins while "monster hunters" fight the monsters and outlaws outside. The game got a sequel, Metal Max 2, and was remade for the Super Famicom as Metal Max Returns. A direct sequel Metal Saga: Season of Steel was published in 2006 for Nintendo DS.

Metal Max 2
Metal Max 2 (メタルマックス2) is the second entry in the Metal Max series. It is a vehicle combat RPG published in Japan by Data East in 1993 for the Super Famicom. Ten years later, the game was ported to the Game Boy Advance with a few new bounties by Now Production under the title Metal Max 2 Kai. In December 2011, a full remake with upgraded graphics in the vein of Metal Max 3 and using its game engine was released in Japan for the Nintendo DS and titled Metal Max 2 Reloaded.