hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ducal Museum Gotha
The Ducal Museum Gotha (German: Herzogliches Museum Gotha) is a museum in the German city of Gotha, located in the Schlosspark to the south of the Schloss Friedenstein. Its collection was the art collection of the former Duchy of Saxe-Gotha, consisting of Egyptian and Greco-Roman antiquities, Renaissance paintings such as The Lovers, Chinese and Japanese art, and sculptures from various eras.

Reopening in 2013, it is housed in a 19th-century Neo-Renaissance building owned by the city, whilst the museum itself and its collections are managed by the Friedenstein Castle Foundation Gotha (Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha), founded in 2004. Martin Eberle has been the Foundation's director since 2007.

Friedenstein Palace
Friedenstein Palace (German: Schloss Friedenstein) is an early Baroque palace in the city of Gotha, built in the mid-17th century by Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha at Gotha, Thuringia, Germany. In Germany, Friedenstein was one of the largest palaces of its time and one of the first Baroque palaces ever built. Friedenstein served as the main seat of the Dukes of Saxe-Gotha and later as one of the residences of the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, closely linked with the royal family of Great Britain through the marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The final two ruling Dukes were both princes of the United Kingdom.

The palace complex today houses several museums. It is also notable for hosting the Ekhof-Theater, one of the oldest theatres in operation in Germany, still featuring the original Baroque machinery for changing the scenery.
Ring of symmetric functions
In algebra and in particular in algebraic combinatorics, the ring of symmetric functions is a specific limit of the rings of symmetric polynomials in n indeterminates, as n goes to infinity. This ring serves as universal structure in which relations between symmetric polynomials can be expressed in a way independent of the number n of indeterminates (but its elements are neither polynomials nor functions). Among other things, this ring plays an important role in the representation theory of the symmetric group.

The ring of symmetric functions can be given a coproduct and a bilinear form making it into a positive selfadjoint graded Hopf algebra that is both commutative and cocommutative.

Schur polynomial
In mathematics, Schur polynomials, named after Issai Schur, are certain symmetric polynomials in n variables, indexed by partitions, that generalize the elementary symmetric polynomials and the complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials.  In representation theory  they are the characters of polynomial irreducible representations of the general linear groups. The Schur polynomials form a linear basis for the space of all symmetric polynomials.  Any product of Schur polynomials can be written as a linear combination of Schur polynomials with non-negative integral coefficients; the values of these coefficients is given combinatorially by the Littlewood–Richardson rule. More generally, skew Schur polynomials  are associated with pairs of partitions and have similar properties to Schur polynomials.
Williams Aircraft Design Company
The Williams Aircraft Design Company was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Northridge, California and run by Art Williams. The company specialized in the design of racing aircraft.

Several of Williams products were the result of collaboration with other designers. For instance the Williams-Cangie WC-1 Sundancer was designed with Carl Cangie and won first place at the 1973 Reno Air Races Formula One Class.

The Williams W-17 Stinger design captured second place at the 1973 Reno Air Races in the biplane class.

Reno Air Races
The Reno Air Races, or Roswell Air Races, officially known as the National Championship Air Races, are a multi-day event tailored to the aviation community that took place each September at the Reno Stead Airport a few miles north of Reno, Nevada, with the last races held in 2023. The Reno Air Racing Association plans to resume racing at a new venue in Roswell, 2025. Air racing is billed as "the world's fastest motor sport" and Reno was one of the few remaining venues. The event includes races in six classes and demonstrations by airshow pilots.
William J. Abbott
William J. "Bill" Abbott (born April 25, 1962) is an American businessman who is the president and CEO of GAC Media since 2021.  He is the former president and CEO of Crown Media Family Networks, the parent of Hallmark Channel and Hallmark Movies & Mysteries. When he became Crown Media CEO in 2009, he spearheaded the addition of scripted series for primetime, including Cedar Cove and When Calls the Heart, as well as the launch of the yearly special Kitten Bowl. Abbott has been featured in the Cablefax 100 list of top power players every year from 2009 through 2016. He also received the Diversity Partner Award from the T. Howard Foundation in 2016.

Hallmark Mystery
Hallmark Mystery (formerly known as Hallmark Movie Channel (HMC) and Hallmark Movies & Mysteries (HMM)) is an American digital cable and satellite television channel owned by Hallmark Media, a subsidiary of Hallmark Cards. The channel was spun off from sister network Hallmark Channel, and airs family-oriented feature and television films along with a limited number of murder- and mystery-themed television series.

As of February 2015, Hallmark Movies & Mysteries is available to approximately 55,827,000 pay television households (48% of households with television) in the United States.
Domhnall of Islay
Domhnall Mac Domhnaill (died 1318?), also known as Domhnall of Islay and Domhnall of the Isles, was a fourteenth-century Scottish nobleman. He appears to have been a member of Clann Domhnaill. First attested in the first decade of the fourteenth century, Domhnall appears to be last recorded in the second decade upon his death. Domhnall's attestations suggest that he was a claimant to the chiefship of Clann Domhnaill, and may have possessed the chiefship.

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas
The Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas (lit. 'Alliance for a New Philippines') was an electoral alliance formed to field candidates for the 2025 Philippine general election. Formed by allies of the administration of President Bongbong Marcos, the alliance includes the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP), Lakas–CMD, NUP, NPC, and the Nacionalista Party.

National Unity Party (Philippines)
The National Unity Party (NUP; Filipino: Partido ng Pambansang Pagkakaisa) is a political party in the Philippines. The party was formed in 2010 by former members of Lakas–Kampi who broke away after internal discontent within the party. From 2016 to 2022, the party was part of the PDP–Laban-led coalition in the House of Representatives, the Coalition for Change.

The party was accredited by the Commission of Elections as a national party in a resolution dated October 5, 2011.

On September 26, 2012, the party held its first national convention where they announced support for Team PNoy for the 2013 elections, however most NUP members ultimately supported the United Nationalist Alliance, especially Garcia.
Execution of Sambhaji
Sambhaji, the second Maratha king, was put to death by order of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in the 17th century. The conflicts between the Mughals and the Deccan Sultanates, which resulted in the downfall of the Sultanates, paved the way for tensions between the Marathas and the Mughals. During the Deccan Wars, Aurangzeb was drawn to southern India due to the Maratha attack on Burhanpur and his rebellious son Muhammad Akbar who sought support from the Maratha monarch, Sambhaji. After some battles and skirmishes, the Mughal commander Muqarrab Khan captured Sambhaji along with some of his officers. They were executed by the command of Aurangzeb at Tulapur in modern-day Maharashtra.

Muhammad Akbar (Mughal prince)
Mirza Muhammad Akbar  (11 September 1657 – 31 March 1706) was a Mughal prince and the fourth son of Emperor Aurangzeb and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum. He went into exile in Safavid Persia after a failed rebellion against his father in the Deccan.

He was the father of Neku Siyar, a pretender to the Mughal throne for a few months in 1719.
Algaita
The algaita (also spelled alghaita, algayta or algheita) is a double reed wind instrument from the Sahelian region of West-Central Africa that is used by the Bamum, Hausa and Kanuri peoples in Cameroon and Nigeria. Its construction is similar to the oboe-like rhaita and the zurna. The algaita is distinguished from these other instruments by its larger, trumpet-like bell. Instead of keys, it has open holes for fingering, similar to the zurna.

Rhaita
The rhaita or ghaita (Arabic: غيطة, romanized: ghayṭa) is a double reed instrument from West North Africa, specifically Morocco, Algeria, Libya, and Mauritania. It is nearly identical in construction to the Arabic mizmar and the Turkish zurna. The distinctive name owes to a medieval Gothic-Iberian influence. In southern Iberia, various sorts of wind instruments, including the related shawm, are known as gaitas, but in northern Iberia gaita refers only to bagpipes.

The rhaita was featured in The Lord of the Rings soundtracks by Howard Shore, specifically in the Mordor theme. American composer John Corigliano calls one of the movements of his 1975 Concerto for Oboe and Orchestra "Rhaita Dance", asking the oboist to imitate a rhaita by pushing the reed further into their mouth. In 1981 while composing the soundtrack to Altered States Corigliano again called for oboists to mimic the rhaita sound during Three Hallucinations.
Shure SM58
The Shure SM58 is a professional cardioid dynamic microphone, commonly used in live vocal applications. Produced since 1966 by Shure Incorporated, it has built a reputation among musicians for its durability and sound, and is still the industry standard for live vocal performance microphones. The SM58 is the most popular live vocal microphone in the world. It is a development of the SM57 microphone, which is another industry standard for both live and recorded music. In both cases, SM stands for studio microphone.

Microphone
A microphone, colloquially called a mic (/maɪk/), or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in telecommunication, sound recording, broadcasting, and consumer electronics, including telephones, hearing aids, and mobile devices.

Several types of microphone are used today, which employ different methods to convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal. The most common are the dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field; the condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate; and the contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. Microphones typically need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced.
Al-Mastumah
Al-Mastumah or Al Mastoume (Arabic: المسطومة) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of Idlib Governorate, located 7 kilometers south of Idlib and 60 kilometers southwest of Aleppo. Nearby localities include Faylun to the west, Qmenas to the northeast, al-Nayrab to the east and Ariha to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Mastumah had a population of 6,243 in the 2004 census.

Idlib
Idlib (Arabic: إِدْلِب, romanized: ʾIdlib, pronounced [ʔid.lib]; also spelt Idleb or Edlib) is a city in northwestern Syria, and is the capital of the Idlib Governorate. It has an elevation of nearly 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level, and is 59 kilometers (37 mi) southwest of Aleppo. It is located near the border with Turkey.
Shriya Pilgaonkar
Shriya Pilgaonkar (born 25 April 1989) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Hindi films and web series. Born to actors Sachin Pilgaonkar and Supriya Pilgaonkar, she made her acting debut with the Marathi film Ekulti Ek (2013), for which she earned the Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Debut.

Following her Hindi film debut with Fan (2016), Pilgaonkar went onto establish herself with successful web series such as Mirzapur (2018), Guilty Minds (2022), The Broken News (2022) and Taaza Khabar (2023). For Guilty Minds and the film Ishq-e-Nadaan (2023), she received nominations at the Filmfare OTT Awards. She has also acted in and directed various plays.

Maharashtra State Film Awards
Maharashtra State Film Awards, one of the prestigious awards of Marathi cinema, are awarded by the Government of Maharashtra to Marathi language films and artists. They were first awarded in 1963.

The Maharashtra State Film Awards are adjudicated by an independent jury jointly formed by the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Maharashtra. The jury typically comprises eminent personalities from the film industry. A separate jury is constituted for the awards recognizing literature on cinema. Films are invited for consideration annually, and the jury evaluates the submissions to select the winners. The awards aim to promote artistic excellence in cinema and incentivize filmmakers, technicians, and producers. The Minister for Cultural Affairs announces the awardees, who are presented with the prizes by the Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
Robbie Rochow
Robbie Rochow (born 22 August 1990) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a second-row forward in the 2010s.

He previously played for the Melbourne Storm in two spells, the Newcastle Knights, South Sydney Rabbitohs and the Wests Tigers in the NRL. He played for New South Wales Country in 2014.

Wests Tigers
The Wests Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team, based in the Inner West of Sydney and South Western Sydney. The Tigers have competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since being formed at the end of the 1999 NRL season as a joint-venture club between the Balmain Tigers and the Western Suburbs Magpies.

The Wests Tigers started playing in the 2000 NRL season and they won their maiden premiership in 2005. The club also won the final edition of the World Sevens in 2004. The club has only qualified for three finals series since their inception (2005, 2010 and 2011).

The Wests Tigers play home games at two grounds: Leichhardt Oval (the home ground of Balmain) and Campbelltown Stadium (the home ground of Western Suburbs). They are currently coached by Benji Marshall.

The interim CEO is currently Shaun Mielekamp.
Lovlina Borgohain
Lovlina Borgohain (born 2 October 1997) is an Indian boxer. She won a bronze medal at the 2020 Olympic Games in the women's welterweight event, becoming only the third Indian boxer to win a medal at the Olympics. She won gold medal at 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships and bronze medals at the 2018 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships and the 2019 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships.  Borgohain is the first female athlete and the second boxer from Assam to represent the state in the Olympics. In 2020, she became the sixth person from Assam to receive Arjuna Award.

2018 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships
The 2018 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships was held at KD Jadav Indoor Stadium at New Delhi, India and took place between 15 and 24 November 2018.

In the finals of the light flyweight category Mary Kom of India beat Ukrainian boxer Hana Okhota to win the gold, creating history by becoming the first woman boxer to win six gold medals in the IBA World Boxing Championships.
Burmese phonology
The phonology of Burmese is fairly typical of a Southeast Asian language, involving phonemic tone or register, a contrast between major and minor syllables, and strict limitations on consonant clusters.

Register (phonology)
In phonology, a register, or pitch register, is a prosodic feature of syllables in certain languages in which tone, vowel phonation, glottalization or similar features depend upon one another.

It occurs in Bai, Burmese, Vietnamese, Wu Chinese and Zulu.
Mohammad Enad Al-Fayez
Mohammad Enad Al-Fayez (Arabic: محمد عناد الفايز) (born 18 March 1968 in Amman) is a Jordanian politician and former member of the Jordanian Parliament who was dismissed from parliament following his message to Prince Mohammed Bin Salman that requested that he suspend aid to Jordan until more anti-corruption measures were in place.

Parliament of Jordan
The Parliament of Jordan (Arabic: مجلس الأمة Majlis Al-Umma) is the bicameral Jordanian national assembly. Established by the 1952 Constitution, the legislature consists of two houses: the  Senate (Arabic: مجلس الأعيان Majlis Al-Aayan) and the House of Representatives (Arabic: مجلس النواب Majlis Al-Nuwaab).

The Senate has 69 members, all of whom are directly appointed by the king, while the House of Representatives has 138 elected members, with nine seats reserved for Christians, three for Chechen and Circassian minorities, and fifteen for women. The members of both houses serve for four-year terms.
Adalbert (bishop of Passau)
Adalbert (died 15 June 970) was the 17th Bishop of Passau from 946 to 970.

In his reign was the fateful battle on the Lechfeld of 955, in which Emperor Otto I defeated the Hungarians. For the Diocese of Passau, this meant that it was now again able to exert its effectiveness in the land below the Enns (i.e. Lower Austria).

Diocese of Passau
The Diocese of Passau (Latin: Diœcesis Passaviensis; German: Bistum Passau) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Germany that is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. The Prince-Bishopric of Passau was an ecclesiastical principality that existed for centuries until it was secularized in 1803. The diocese covers an area of 5,442 km².
Central Fells
The Central Fells  are a part of the Cumbrian Mountains in the Lake District of England. Reaching their highest point at High Raise (2,500 ft or 762 metres), they occupy a broad area to the east of Borrowdale. The Central Fells are generally lower than the surrounding hills, the Lake District's dome-like structure having a slight dip in the middle. The range extends from the boggy ridge between Derwentwater and Thirlmere in the north, to the rock peaks of the Langdale Pikes in the south.

Great Langdale
Great Langdale is a valley in the Lake District National Park in North West England, the epithet "Great" distinguishing it from the neighbouring valley of Little Langdale. Langdale is also the name of a valley in the Howgill Fells, elsewhere in Cumbria.

It is a popular location for hikers, climbers, fell-runners and other outdoor enthusiasts who are attracted by the many fells ringing the head of the valley. Among the best-known features of Great Langdale are the Langdale Pikes, a group of peaks on the northern side of the dale. England's highest mountain, Scafell Pike, can be climbed by a route from Langdale. Langdale has views of, in particular, Dungeon Ghyll Force waterfall, Harrison Stickle and Pike of Stickle.

Great Langdale was an important site during the Neolithic period for producing stone axes and, later, was also one of the centres of the Lakeland slate industry.
Ray Stewart (Scottish footballer)
Raymond Struan McDonald Stewart (born 7 September 1959) is a Scottish former footballer, who played as a defender for Dundee United, West Ham United, St Johnstone and Stirling Albion. During his career, he won the 1980 FA Cup with West Ham and played in 10 full internationals for Scotland. Nicknamed Tonka, Stewart was renowned for his shooting, which meant that he scored 70 league goals during his career (mostly from penalties). After his playing career ended, he managed Livingston, Stirling Albion and Forfar Athletic.

1980 FA Cup final
The 1980 FA Cup final was contested by West Ham United and Arsenal at Wembley. West Ham won by a single goal, scored by Trevor Brooking. To date, it is the last time a team from outside the top flight has won the FA Cup. It was West Ham's third FA Cup triumph and the last time that they had won a major trophy until their UEFA Europa Conference League victory in 2023.
Styopa Safaryan
Styopa (Stepan) Seryozhayi Safaryan (Armenian: Ստյոպա Սերյոժայի Սաֆարյան; born 7 October 1973) is an Armenian politician and former member of the National Assembly of Armenia. From 2009 to 2012 he was the head of the parliamentary faction of Heritage Party and served as the party's general secretary from 2012 until his departure from the party in 2014. Since 2019 he has served as the chairman of the Public Council of Armenia.

National Assembly (Armenia)
The National Assembly of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Ազգային ժողով, Hayastani Hanrapetyut'yan Azgayin zhoghov or simply Ազգային ժողով, ԱԺ, Azgayin Zhoghov, AZh), also informally referred to as the Parliament of Armenia (խորհրդարան, khorhrdaran) is the legislative branch of the government of Armenia.
Judith Shapiro
Judith R. Shapiro (born January 24, 1942) is a former President of Barnard College, a liberal arts college for women at Columbia University. Prior to her role at Barnard, she had a teaching career as a cultural anthropologist at Bryn Mawr College and The University of Chicago. She served as president of the Teagle Foundation from 2013 to 2018.

Bryn Mawr College
Bryn Mawr College (/brɪn ˈmɑːr/ brin MAR, Welsh: [brɨn ˈmaur]) is a private women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885, Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges, a group of historically women's colleges in the United States. The college has an enrollment of about 1,350 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students. It was one of the first women's colleges in the United States to offer graduate education through a PhD.
Ty'Son Williams
Ty'Son Williams (born September 4, 1996) is an American professional football running back. He played college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels, South Carolina Gamecocks and BYU Cougars. He went undrafted in the 2020 NFL draft.

BYU Cougars football
The BYU Cougars football team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922, and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984.

The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history, from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022, they competed as an FBS Independent.  On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application to the conference. BYU officially joined the Big 12 on July 1, 2023.

The team plays home games at the 62,073 seat LaVell Edwards Stadium, named after head coach LaVell Edwards who won 19 conference championships, seven bowl games, and one national championship (1984) while coaching at BYU.