hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manilla, New South Wales
Manilla is a small town in New South Wales, Australia, located on Fossickers Way 45 kilometres northwest of the regional city of Tamworth and 27 kilometres northeast of the historic village Somerton. Manilla is famous for its setting as a fishing, paragliding, and mountain biking area. The name Manilla comes from the Gamilaraay word 'Maneela', which is said to mean 'meeting of the rivers'.

The township of Manilla was established in 1853 at the junction of the Namoi River and the Manilla River. It was formerly the centre of Manilla Shire local government area, but this was amalgamated with Tamworth City Council and portions of Parry, Barraba and Nundle Shire Councils to form Tamworth Regional Council in 2004.  It lies next to the Bundarra-Barraba Important Bird Area which is important for the conservation of the critically endangered regent honeyeater.  Manilla is also well known for Split Rock Dam on the Manilla River and Lake Keepit on the Namoi River.

Namoi River
The Namoi River, a major perennial river that is part of the Barwon catchment of the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Northern Tablelands and North West Slopes districts of New South Wales, Australia.

The Namoi River rises on the western slopes of the Moonbi Range and Great Dividing Range, near Niangala, at the convergence of the Macdonald River and Boundary Creek, and flows generally west, joined by twenty-seven tributaries, including the Peel, Manilla and Mooki rivers, before reaching its confluence with the Barwon River, near Walgett.

The Namoi River descends 578 metres (1,896 ft) over its 708 kilometres (440 mi) course; passing near the towns of Gunnedah, Boggabri, Narrabri, Wee Waa and Walgett. The flow of the river is impounded by Lake Keepit and Baraneal Lagoon.
History of the Pakistan Super League
Pakistan Super League (PSL) is the highest level of domestic Twenty20 cricket in Pakistan. The league is owned by the Pakistan Cricket Board and its first season was played in 2016. The league, when it started, included five teams: Karachi Kings, Quetta Gladiators, Peshawar Zalmi, Islamabad United, and Lahore Qalandars. The third season of the league in 2018 saw the inclusion of Multan Sultans as the sixth team to compete in the tournament. The league has been organized every year since its first season and all the teams have won the trophy at least once. The first season of the PSL was won by Islamabad United, who were captained by Misbah ul Haq, who was also the captain of the Pakistan national cricket team at that time. Lahore Qalandars are the current champions of the PSL.

Pakistan Super League
The Pakistan Super League (PSL), also known as HBL PSL for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Pakistan, organised by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB).

Founded by the PCB in 2015, the league currently features (since 2018 PSL) six city-based franchise teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by the investors.

Each team plays the group-stage matches in a double round-robin format and the top four teams with the most points qualify for the playoffs, culminating in the final.

As of 2025, there have been ten seasons of the league. Islamabad United and Lahore Qalandars are the most successful teams, both winning three titles each.
Men's United States Open (squash) 2013
The Men's United States Squash Open 2013 was the men's edition of the 2013 United States Open (squash), which is a PSA World Series event Gold(Prize money: $115,000). The event took place at the Daskalakis Athletic Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States from the 13th of October to the 18th October. Grégory Gaultier won his second US Open trophy, beating Nick Matthew in the final.

2013 PSA World Series
The PSA World Series 2013 is a series of men's squash tournaments which are part of the Professional Squash Association (PSA) World Tour for the 2013 squash season. The PSA World Series tournaments are some of the most prestigious events on the men's tour. The best-performing players in the World Series events qualify for the annual 2013 PSA World Series Finals tournament. Ramy Ashour won his first PSA World Series Squash Finals trophy, beating Mohamed El Shorbagy in the final.
Poles in Germany
Poles in Germany (German: Polen) are the second largest Polish diaspora (Polonia) in the world and the biggest in Europe. Estimates of the number of Poles living in Germany vary from 2 million to about 3 million people living that might be of Polish descent. Their number has quickly decreased over the years, and according to the latest census, there are approximately 866,690 Poles in Germany. The main Polonia organisations in Germany are the Union of Poles in Germany and Congress of Polonia in Germany. Polish surnames are relatively common in Germany, especially in the Ruhr area (Ruhr Poles).

Ruhrpolen
Ruhrpolen (German: [ˈʁuːɐ̯ˌpoːlən], “Ruhr Poles”) is a German umbrella term for the Polish migrants and their descendants who lived in the Ruhr area in western Germany since the 19th century. The Poles (including Masurians, Kashubians, Silesians, and other groups) migrated to the rapidly industrializing region from Polish-speaking areas of the German Empire.
Ortiz Column
The Ortiz Column (Spanish: Columna Ortiz), later known as the South Ebro Column (Spanish: Columna Sur-Ebro), was a column of the confederal militias that fought in the Spanish Civil War. It was the second militia column established by anarchists in Catalonia that was sent to fight on the Aragon front. Led by Antoni Ortiz, the column quickly captured Casp and Quinto on the south bank of the Ebro river. They then besieged Belchit, but were unable to capture the town from the Nationalists. The front lines held by the column remained largely stagnant, until the outbreak of the Battle of Belchit in 1937. During this time, the column published its own newspaper and magazine, and participated in the establishment of the Regional Defence Council of Aragon. In early 1937, the column was militarised into the 25th Division of the Popular Army of the Republic. Ortiz came into conflict with his superior command and was later transferred to the 24th Division.

Regional Defence Council of Aragon
The Regional Defence Council of Aragon was an administrative entity created by the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) in the context of the Spanish Revolution, during the Spanish Civil War. Until its dissolution, the CRDA controlled and administered the eastern half of Aragon. The price of goods was centrally controlled to mitigate inflation.

The Council of Aragon was the first autonomous government of Aragon since 1707, becoming a government of its own within the Second Spanish Republic. It was established in its first stage (October to December 1936) by anarchist members of the CNT, with eventual representation of all the anti-fascist forces of the Popular Front from December 1936 until its dissolution. Its life was ephemeral since its activities lasted less than a year until it was dissolved by the republican authorities, pressured by the Communist Party of Spain, in August 1937. During its brief lifespan, it implemented some progressive and revolutionary policies.
Photographic developer
In the processing of photographic films, plates or papers, the photographic developer (or just developer) is one or more chemicals that convert the latent image to a visible image. Developing agents achieve this conversion by reducing the silver halides, which are pale-colored, into silver metal, which is black when in the form of fine particles. The conversion occurs within the gelatine matrix. The special feature of photography is that the developer acts more quickly on those particles of silver halide that have been exposed to light. When left in developer, all the silver halides will eventually be reduced and turn black. Generally, the longer a developer is allowed to work, the darker the image.

Silver halide
A silver halide (or silver salt) is one of the chemical compounds that can form between the element silver (Ag) and one of the halogens. In particular, bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), iodine (I) and fluorine (F) may each combine with silver to produce silver bromide (AgBr), silver chloride (AgCl), silver iodide (AgI), and four forms of silver fluoride, respectively.

As a group, they are often referred to as the silver halides, and are often given the pseudo-chemical notation AgX. Although most silver halides involve silver atoms with oxidation states of +1 (Ag+), silver halides in which the silver atoms have oxidation states of +2 (Ag2+) are known, of which silver(II) fluoride is the only known stable one.

Silver halides are light-sensitive chemicals, and are commonly used in photographic film and paper.
Isotopy of loops
In the mathematical field of abstract algebra, isotopy is an equivalence relation used to classify the algebraic notion of loop.

Isotopy for loops and quasigroups was introduced by Albert (1943), based on his slightly earlier definition of isotopy for algebras, which was in turn inspired by work of Steenrod.

Quasigroup
In mathematics, especially in abstract algebra, a quasigroup is an algebraic structure that resembles a group in the sense that "division" is always possible. Quasigroups differ from groups mainly in that the associative and identity element properties are optional. In fact, a nonempty associative quasigroup is a group.

A quasigroup that has an identity element is called a loop.
Mark Lowry
Mark Alan Lowry (born June 24, 1958) is an American singer, comedian, minister, and songwriter. He is best known for co-writing the song "Mary, Did You Know?" and being a member of the Gaither Vocal Band from 1988 to 2001, and 2009 to 2013, along with Michael English, Guy Penrod, David Phelps, and Bill Gaither. Lowry has recorded 12 albums, both music and comedy.

Michael English (American singer)
Michael English (born April 12, 1962) is an American Christian singer and record producer. Initially, he was a member of his family's singing group, and later a member of The Gaither Vocal Band. During his solo career, he recorded eight studio albums. English's highest-charting solo single was "Your Love Amazes Me", which reached No. 10 on the Adult Contemporary chart in 1996.
1943 King's Lynn by-election
The King's Lynn by-election, 1943 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of King's Lynn in Norfolk on 12 February 1943.  The seat had become vacant when the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Somerset Maxwell had died in December 1942 from wounds received at the Battle of El Alamein.

King's Lynn (UK Parliament constituency)
King's Lynn was a constituency in Norfolk which was represented continuously in the House of Commons of England from 1298 to 1707, in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 until it was abolished for the February 1974 general election.
Larry Wade
Larry Wade (born November 22, 1974) is an American former track and field athlete who specialized in the 110 metres hurdles. His personal best is a time of 13.01 seconds, achieved in July 1999 in Lausanne, which made him the seventh fastest man in the history of the event. He was inducted into the Texas A&M University Hall of Fame after winning the NCAA National Championship in the 55m and 110m hurdles.

He later became one of the leading strength and conditioning coaches in the sport of boxing by winning 14 world titles. He has worked with professional boxers such as Shawn Porter, Badou Jack, Caleb Plant, and Youtube stars Jake Paul and Olajide Olatunji. He is a sports commentator for networks including ESPN and Fox Sports.

Shawn Porter
Shawn Christian Porter (born October 27, 1987) is an American sports commentator and former professional boxer who competed from 2008 to 2021. He was a two-time welterweight world champion, having held the IBF title from 2013 to 2014 and the WBC title from 2018 to 2019. Porter was particularly known for his aggressive pressure fighting style, physical strength, chin, and high workrate.
Icelandic Women's Basketball Supercup
The Icelandic Women's Basketball Supercup (Icelandic: Meistarakeppni kvenna) is a basketball super cup competition that opposes the latest winners of the Úrvalsdeild kvenna – the top-tier Icelandic national women's domestic league – and the winners of the Icelandic Women's Basketball Cup, the top-tier national women's cup competition in Iceland. Created in 1995, it is organised by the Icelandic Basketball Federation – who run the Úrvalsdeild and the Icelandic Cup, and it traditionally opens the season.

Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild kvenna (English: Women's Premier League), known as Bónus deild kvenna for sponsorship reasons, is the highest basketball competition among women's clubs in Iceland. It is administered by the Icelandic Basketball Federation. It was founded in 1952 and, until 2007, it was known as 1. deild kvenna (English: Women's First division).

The league was known as the Subway deild kvenna from 2021 to 2024. In July 2024, supermarket chain Bónus became the primary sponsor.
Dorchester Sports F.C.
Dorchester Sports Football Club is a football club based in Dorchester, Dorset, England. They are currently members of the Dorset Premier League and play at The Avenue Stadium, groundsharing with Dorchester Town.

Dorchester Town F.C.
Dorchester Town Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Dorchester, Dorset, England, currently playing in the Southern League Premier Division South.

The club is an FA chartered standard club affiliated with the Dorset County Football Association. The home venue is the Avenue Stadium, on land owned by the Duchy of Cornwall. The club was a founder member of the Conference South in 2004, from which it was relegated in 2014.
Lewis B. Schwellenbach
Lewis Baxter Schwellenbach (September 20, 1894 – June 10, 1948) was a United States senator from Washington, a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington and the 5th U.S. secretary of labor.

United States Secretary of Labor
The United States secretary of labor is a member of the Cabinet of the United States, and as the head of the United States Department of Labor, controls the department, and enforces and suggests laws involving unions, the workplace, and all other issues involving any form of business-person controversies.

Formerly, there was a Department of Commerce and Labor. That department split into two in 1913. The Department of Commerce is headed by the secretary of commerce.

Secretary of labor is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule, thus earning a salary of $221,400 as of January 2021.

Lori Chavez-DeRemer has been appointed as secretary since March 11, 2025 by President Donald Trump.
4-Chloromethcathinone
4-Chloromethcathinone (also known as 4-CMC and clephedrone) is a stimulant drug of the cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug.

4-CMC produces similar effects to mephedrone, and has been sold as an alternative in countries where mephedrone was scheduled.

Substituted cathinone
Substituted cathinones, or simply cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug.

Substituted cathinones act as monoamine releasing agents and/or monoamine reuptake inhibitors, including of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. In contrast to substituted amphetamines, most substituted cathinones do not act as agonists of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). This may potentiate their stimulating and addictive effects. In addition, β-keto-substituted phenethylamines, such as βk-2C-B, appear to show dramatically reduced potency and efficacy as serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists compared to their non-β-keto-substituted counterparts.
Belconnen United FC
Belconnen United Football Club (formerly Belconnen Blue Devils) is an Australian semi-professional association football club based in the northern Canberra region of Belconnen, ACT. The Men's and Women's First Grade team currently competes in the National Premier Leagues Capital Football.

National Premier Leagues Capital Football
The National Premier Leagues Capital Football (also known as NPL ACT 1 or simply NPL1) is a soccer competition contested by clubs affiliated to Capital Football. The league is the highest level (level 1) competition in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) region. It is a subdivision of the National Premier Leagues and sits in Level 2 in the overall Australian league system.
UC Browser
UC Browser is a  web browser developed by mobile internet company UCWeb, a subsidiary of the Alibaba Group. It was the most popular mobile browser in India, Indonesia, and Mali, as well as the second-most popular one in China as of 2017. Its world-wide browser share as of November 2025 is 0.59% (and 1.07% on smartphones) according to StatCounter.

Originally launched in April 2004 as a Java-only application, it was subsequently made available on a number of platforms including Android, iOS, BlackBerry OS, Java ME, Symbian, Windows Phone, and Microsoft Windows. As of 2020, Android is the only operating system still supported by the browser.

Shortly after the China–India skirmishes started, the browser became the subject of privacy and security controversies and was banned in India on 29 June 2020.

Java Platform, Micro Edition
Java Platform, Micro Edition or Java ME is a computing platform for development and deployment of portable code for embedded and mobile devices (micro-controllers, sensors, gateways, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, TV set-top boxes, printers). Java ME was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition or J2ME.

The platform uses the object-oriented Java programming language, and is part of the Java software-platform family. It was designed by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle Corporation) and replaced a similar technology, PersonalJava.

In 2013, with more than three billion Java ME–enabled mobile phones in the market, the platform was in continued decline as smartphones have overtaken feature phones.
Emulsion stabilization using polyelectrolytes
Polyelectrolytes are charged polymers capable of stabilizing (or destabilizing) colloidal emulsions through electrostatic interactions. Their effectiveness can be dependent on molecular weight, pH, solvent polarity, ionic strength, and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Stabilized emulsions are useful in many industrial processes, including deflocculation, drug delivery, petroleum waste treatment, and food technology.

Flocculation
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of  floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended, under the form of a stable dispersion (where the internal phase (solid) is dispersed throughout the external phase (fluid) through mechanical agitation) and are not truly dissolved in solution.

Coagulation and flocculation are important processes in fermentation and water treatment with coagulation aimed to destabilize and aggregate particles through chemical interactions between the coagulant and colloids, and flocculation to sediment the destabilized particles by causing their aggregation into floc.
Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense
Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense, aired in the United States as Fox Mystery Theater, is a British mystery anthology television series produced in Britain in 1984 by Hammer Film Productions. Though similar in format to the 1980 series Hammer House of Horror, the Mystery and Suspense series had feature-length episodes, usually running around 70 minutes without commercials.

The series was a co-production by Hammer Film Productions with 20th Century Fox Television (as was the 1968 anthology series Journey to the Unknown). It was first aired in the UK by ITV in 1984, though it was shown in different timeslots (and a different running order) throughout the various ITV regions. The Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense series was the last production undertaken by the Hammer film company.

Hammer House of Horror
Hammer House of Horror is a British horror anthology television series produced in Britain in 1980. Created by Hammer Films in association with Cinema Arts International and ITC Entertainment, it consists of 13 hour-long episodes, originally aired on ITV.

Each self-contained episode features a different kind of horror. These vary from witches, werewolves and ghosts to devil-worship and voodoo, but also include non-supernatural horror themes such as cannibalism, confinement and serial killers. In 2003 Channel 4 placed Hammer House of Horror at No. 50 in its "100 Scariest Moments" show. The clip shown was the children's party scene in "The House That Bled to Death".

Episodes were directed by Alan Gibson, Peter Sasdy and Tom Clegg, among others, and the story editor was Anthony Read. Hammer regular Peter Cushing appears in his final Hammer production in episode 7, titled "The Silent Scream".
2013 Meeting Areva
The 2013 Meeting Areva was the 29th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Saint-Denis, France. Held on 6 July at Stade de France, it was the ninth leg of the 2013 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.

2013 Diamond League
The 2013 IAAF Diamond League was the fourth edition of the Diamond League, an annual series of fourteen one-day track and field meetings.

The series began on 10 May in Doha, Qatar and ended on 6 September in Brussels, Belgium.
Ernie Preate
Ernest D. Preate, Jr. (born November 22, 1940) is a former Republican Pennsylvania Attorney General. As Attorney General, he argued before the United States Supreme Court in the landmark case, Planned Parenthood of Southeast Pennsylvania v. Casey on behalf of Robert P. Casey, then governor of Pennsylvania. Preate also successfully argued another landmark case, Blystone v. Pennsylvania in the United States Supreme Court addressing the death penalty.

Prior to serving as Attorney General, Preate was elected Lackawanna County District Attorney. He ran for Governor of Pennsylvania in 1994, but came in second for the Republican nomination behind then-congressman Tom Ridge, who won the general election.

In 1995, Preate went to jail after pleading guilty to mail fraud charges.

Pennsylvania Attorney General
The Pennsylvania attorney general is the chief law enforcement officer of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It became an elected office in 1980. The current attorney general is Republican Dave Sunday.

On August 15, 2016, then-attorney general Kathleen Kane was convicted of criminal charges, including conspiracy, perjury, and obstruction of justice, and announced her resignation the following day, effective August 17. Consequently, as the solicitor general, Bruce Castor assumed the office as acting attorney general. Governor Tom Wolf nominated Bruce Beemer to serve out the remaining balance of Kane's term, which expired in January 2017. Democrat Josh Shapiro succeeded Beemer. Shapiro was elected governor in 2022, and appointed Michelle Henry as his successor in 2023. The Pennsylvania Senate confirmed Henry in her own right later that year.