hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Eastern Orthodox theology
Eastern Orthodox Christian theology originated with the life of Jesus and the establishment the Christianity in the 1st century AD. Major events include the Chalcedonian schism of 451 with the Oriental Orthodox miaphysites, the Iconoclast controversy of the 8th and 9th centuries, the Photian schism (863-867), the Great Schism (culminating in 1054) between East and West, and the Hesychast controversy (c. 1337-1351).  The period after the end of the Second World War in 1945 saw a re-engagement with the Greek, and more recently Syriac Fathers that included a rediscovery of the theological works of St. Gregory Palamas, which has resulted in a renewal of Orthodox theology in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Hesychasm
Hesychasm (/ˈhɛsɪkæzəm, ˈhɛzɪ-/) is a contemplative monastic tradition in the Eastern Christian traditions of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches in which stillness (hēsychia) is sought through uninterrupted Jesus prayer. While rooted in early Christian monasticism, it took its definitive form in the 14th century at Mount Athos.
Thomas Marcelle
Thomas Marcelle (born 1962) is an American attorney and judge from the state of New York. He serves as a justice of the New York State Supreme Court, Third Judicial District, having been elected to his post in November 2022. Marcelle previously served as Albany County attorney and as a judge of the Cohoes, New York City Court. In 2001, Marcelle argued and won Good News Club v. Milford Central School, a religious liberty case before the U.S. Supreme Court.

Marcelle has been nominated three times to be a judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. The first two nominations expired, and the third was withdrawn by President Donald Trump at Marcelle's request due to opposition from U.S. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand.

Cohoes, New York
Cohoes (/kəˈhoʊz/ kə-HOHZ) is an incorporated city located in the northeast corner of Albany County in the U.S. state of New York. It is called the "Spindle City" because of the importance of textile manufacturing to its growth in the 19th century. The city's factories processed cotton from the Deep South.

As of the 2020 census, the city population was 18,174. The name Cohoes is believed to be derived from a Mohawk term, Kahón:ios, referring to the Cohoes Falls and meaning "Place of the Falling Canoe," an interpretation noted by Horatio Gates Spafford in his 1823 publication "A Gazetteer of the State of New York". Later historians posited that the name is derived from the Algonquian Cohoes, a place name based on a word meaning 'pine tree'.
FC Porto (roller hockey)
Futebol Clube do Porto (Portuguese pronunciation: [futɨˈβɔl ˈkluβɨ ðu ˈpoɾtu]), commonly referred to as FC Porto (or FC Porto Fidelidade, for sponsorship purposes), or simply Porto, is a professional roller hockey team based in Porto, Portugal. They compete in the Portuguese First Division, the top-tier league in the country, and dispute their home matches at the Dragão Arena.

In domestic competitions, they won 26 league titles (ten of which, conquered consecutively between the 2001–02 and 2010–11 seasons, a Portuguese roller hockey record), 19 Portuguese Cups, 23 Portuguese Super Cups and two Portuguese Elite Cups.

At international level, the team won three WSE Champions League titles, two WSE Cups, two CERH Cup Winners' Cups, two WSE Continental Cups and one Intercontinental Cup.

Portuguese Roller Hockey Cup
The Portuguese Roller Hockey Cup (Portuguese: Taça de Portugal de Hóquei em Patins) is a Portuguese roller hockey knockout competition open to all domestic clubs. Following a series of knockout rounds, the competition winner is determined in a final-four mini-tournament, held in a neutral venue at the end of the season. The winners play in the following season's edition of the WSE Cup, unless they have already qualified for the WSE Champions League via league placing.
German submarine U-532
German submarine U-532 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was laid down at the Deutsche Werft (yard) in Hamburg as yard number 347 on 7 January 1942, launched on 26 August and commissioned on 11 November with Kapitänleutnant Ottoheinrich Junker in command.

U-532 began her service career with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 11 November 1942. She was reassigned to the 2nd flotilla for operations on 1 April 1943, then the 33rd flotilla on 1 October 1944.

She carried out four patrols, sank eight ships and damaged two others. She was a member of three wolfpacks.

She surrendered on 13 May 1945 at Loch Eriboll in Scotland; she was then transferred to Loch Ryan for Operation Deadlight. She was sunk on 9 December 1945.

Operation Deadlight
Operation Deadlight was the code name for the Royal Navy operation of November 1945 – February 1946 to scuttle German U-boats surrendered to the Allies after the defeat of Germany near the end of World War II. After the surrender, political discussions continued between the Allies concerning the final disposal of the surviving German naval vessels, the result of which was an agreement to retain 30 U-boats in total, to be divided equally between the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union. The remainder would be scuttled.
Rüdiger of Bergheim
Rüdiger von Bergheim (c.1175 – 14 April 1258) was Bishop of Chiemsee from 1216 to 1233 and Bishop of Passau from 1233 to 1250. He was a constant vassal and active supporter of the Emperor Frederick II. He was deposed by the papal legate, Petrus de Collemedio, with confirmation by Pope Innocent IV.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiemsee
The Bishopric of Chiemsee was a Roman Catholic diocese. While based on the islands of the Chiemsee in Bavaria, Germany, most of its territory lay in the County of Tyrol, Austria. The bishopric ceased to be a residential see in 1808. and accordingly is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
Matt Smith (duathlete)
Matt Smith is an Australian duathlete from Perth, Western Australia. He is the 2015 Sprint (16-19) and 2016 Standard (20-24) Age Group Duathlon World Champion. He was also the Australian Duathlon Champion in 2014 and 2015 (16-19), and 4th place elite in 2016. He is currently ranked number 82 in the Powerman Duathlon world rankings.

Duathlon
Duathlon is an athletic event that consists of a running leg, followed by a cycling leg and then another running leg in a format similar to triathlons. The World Triathlon governs the sport internationally.
Jaguar F-Type
The Jaguar F-Type (X152) is a series of two-door, two-seater sports cars manufactured by British car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover under their Jaguar Cars marque from 2013 to 2024. The car's JLR D6a platform is based on a shortened version of the XK's platform. It is the so-called "spiritual successor" to the E-Type.

The car was launched initially as a 2-door soft-top convertible, with a 2-door fastback coupé version launched in 2013. The F-Type underwent a facelift for the 2021 model year. It was unveiled in December 2019, featuring a significantly restyled front end and dashboard, and simplified drivetrain options. Jaguar announced that the F-Type will be discontinued after the 2024 model year. Production ended in June 2024, by which time 87,731 examples had been built.

Coupe
A coupe or coupé (/kuːˈpeɪ/, also US: /kuːp/) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and typically with two doors.

The term coupé was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French past participle of couper, "cut".

Some coupé cars only have two seats, while some also feature rear seats. However, these rear seats are usually lower quality and much smaller than those in the front. Furthermore, "A fixed-top two-door sports car would be best and most appropriately be termed a 'sports coupe' or 'sports coupé'".
Francis Katamba
Francis X. Katamba (born 1947) is a Ugandan-born British linguist. He is currently an emeritus professor at the Department of Linguistics and English Language of Lancaster University, United Kingdom. His research focuses on Luganda phonology and morphology, English phonology and morphology, morphological theory, phonological theory, and African linguistics.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Simon II (High Priest)
Simon II was a High Priest of Israel during the Second Temple period. He was the son of Onias II, and was probably succeeded by Onias III. There are two main sources that discuss Simon II: the Book of Sirach (also known as Ecclesiasticus) and possibly 3 Maccabees. Based on the Book of Sirach, Simon II was active at some point in the 190s BCE.  If the reference to a High Priest Simon in 3 Maccabees is to the same person, then he was also active as High Priest in the 210s BCE as well.  John J. Collins estimates his reign as 219–196 BCE for example, while Elias Bickerman suggests only that he served c. 190 BCE. He was possibly the same person as Simon the Just, although the historian Josephus thought this referred to Simon I instead.

Simon I (High Priest)
Simon I, son of Onias I, (310–291 or 300–270 BCE) was High Priest in the Temple in Jerusalem during the Second Temple period.

Some writers identify him with Simeon the Just: the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) names Fränkel and Grätz as examples.
Anastasia Makarova
Anastasia R. Makarova (born 8 January 2003) is a Russian competitive swimmer. In the 100 metre breaststroke, she won the gold medal at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and silver medals at the European Junior Swimming Championships in 2018 and 2019. In the 200 metre breaststroke, she won a silver medal at the 2019 World Junior Championships, a gold medal at the 2018 European Junior Championships, and a silver medal at the 2019 European Junior Championships. In the 50 metre breaststroke, she won a bronze medal at the 2019 European Junior Championships.

European Junior Swimming Championships
The European Junior Swimming Championships  (50 m) is an annual swimming competition for European swimmers organized by the Ligue Européenne de Natation and held over five days. Up until 2015, the competitor age for females was 15 to 16 years, while for males it was 17 to 18 years. Since 2016, females between the ages of 14 to 17 years and males aged between 15 to 18 years are eligible to compete.
1910 La Laguna's 1st Philippine Assembly district special election
A special election (known elsewhere as "by-elections") for the seat of La Laguna's 1st district in the Philippine Assembly, the lower house of the Philippine Legislature of the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, was held on December 13, 1910. This was triggered due to the appointment of the incumbent delegate Potenciano Malvar as the governor of La Laguna (now called simply as Laguna). Marcos Paulino won the special election, defeating Serviliano Platon, a flip from the Nacionalista Party to the Progresista Party.

Progresista Party
The Progresista Party (Filipino and Spanish: Partido Progresista; lit. 'Progressive Party') was a political party in the Philippines during the early 20th century. Formed in 1900 as the Federalist Party (Partido Federalista), the party originally had the Philippines becoming a U.S. state as one of its original platforms, which was later rescinded.
Village banking
Village banking is a microcredit and saving methodology whereby financial services are administered locally in a community bank rather than in a centralized commercial bank. Village banking has its roots in ancient cultures and was most recently adopted for use by micro-finance institutions (MFIs) as a way to control costs. Early village banking methods were innovated by Grameen Bank and then later developed by groups such as FINCA International founder John Hatch. Among US-based non-profit agencies there are at least 31 microfinance institutions (MFIs) that have collectively created over 800 village banking programs in at least 90 countries. And in many of these countries there are host-country MFIs—sometimes dozens—that are village banking practitioners as well.
 The latest developments globally can be seen in Southeast Asia (e.g. Laos), where digitization is pacing fast to reach rural areas with hybrid on- and offline solutions.

Grameen Bank
Grameen Bank (Bengali: গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক) is a microfinance, specialized community development bank founded in Bangladesh. It provides small loans (known as microcredit or "grameencredit") to the impoverished without requiring collateral.

Grameen Bank is a statutory public authority. It is originated in 1976, in the work of Muhammad Yunus, a professor at the University of Chittagong, who launched a research project to study how to design a credit delivery system to provide banking services to the rural poor. In October 1983, the Grameen Bank was authorized by national legislation to operate as an independent bank.

In 1998, the Bank's "Low-cost Housing Program" won a World Habitat Award. In 2006, the bank and its founder, Muhammad Yunus, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

The bank's success has inspired similar projects in more than 64 countries around the world, including a World Bank initiative to finance Grameen-type lending systems.
Wisconsin Valley Library Service
The Wisconsin Valley Library Service (WVLS) is a library system made up of 25 public libraries and hundreds of non-public libraries across seven counties in north-central Wisconsin. These include the counties of Clark, Forest, Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, and Taylor. The WVLS offices are located in the headquarters of the Marathon County Public Library in Wausau, Wisconsin.

Taylor County, Wisconsin
Taylor County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,913. Its county seat is Medford. It is mostly rural, lying roughly where corn and dairy farms to the south give way to forest and swamp to the north.
Beb Guérin
Bernard "Beb" Guérin (December 22, 1941 in La Rochelle – November 14, 1980 in Paris) was a French jazz double-bassist.

Beb Guérin first began playing bass at age 23, working in the 1960s with Sonny Criss, Jacques Coursil, François Tusques, Alan Silva, and Claude Delcloo later in the decade, as well as with free jazz groups in Paris clubs. In the early 1970s he worked with Ambrose Jackson, Steve Lacy, Sunny Murray, Sonny Sharrock, Archie Shepp, Alan Shorter, and Clifford Thornton, and worked frequently with Michel Portal for most of the 1970s.

Michel Portal
Michel Portal (27 November 1935 – 12 February 2026) was a French composer, saxophonist and clarinetist. He played both jazz and classical music and is considered to be "one of the architects of modern European jazz".
Henrique de Barros Gomes
Henrique de Barros Gomes (Lisbon, 14 September 1843 – Alcanhões, Santarém, 15 November 1898), was a Portuguese politician, member of the Progressive Party, who assumed the functions of director of the Bank of Portugal, Minister of various Ministries during Regeneration Era politics and member of the Geographic Society of Lisbon, as well as diverse national and international awards of merit. He was noted for his role during the colonial crisis associated with British Ultimatum.

Lisbon Geographic Society
The Lisbon Geographic Society (Portuguese: Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa) is a Portuguese scientific society created in Lisbon in the year of 1875, aiming to "promote and assist the study and progress of geography and related sciences in Portugal."

The Society was created in the context of the European movement of exploration and colonization, having its activity particular emphasis in the exploration of the African Continent.
Where the Green Ants Dream
Where the Green Ants Dream (German: Wo die grünen Ameisen träumen) is a 1984 English-language West German film directed and co-written by Werner Herzog, made in Australia. Based on a true story about Indigenous land rights in Australia, but slated as a mixture of fact and fiction, it only got a limited release in Australia, where it was not well received by critics; the film fared a bit better in Europe and North America.

Indigenous land rights in Australia
In Australia, Indigenous land rights or Aboriginal land rights are the rights and interests in land of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander people; the term may also include the struggle for those rights. Connection to the land and waters is vital in Australian Aboriginal culture and to that of Torres Strait Islander people, and there has been a long battle to gain legal and moral recognition of ownership of the lands and waters occupied by the many peoples prior to colonisation of Australia starting in 1788, and the annexation of the Torres Strait Islands by the colony of Queensland in the 1870s.

As of 2020, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ rights and interests in land are formally recognised over around 40 per cent of Australia’s land mass, and sea rights have also been asserted in various native title cases.
Royal Oak (Thuringia)
The Royal Oak (also known as the Big Oak, Millennial Oak or Volkenroda Oak) is a natural monument on the outskirts of Volkenroda, a district of Körner, in the Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis in Thuringia, Germany. The English oak (Quercus robur) is more than 600 years old and has a trunk circumference of about 9.5 meters. The presumed age of the oak was determined by taking drill cores from the trunk and ring counts from a broken branch. It was previously assumed that the location of the oak was an old Germanic Thing site. However, more recent research suggests that the oak grew in a medieval Hutewald forest.

Nowadays, Pentecost services are held at the Royal Oak church services are held at Pentecost. It is owned by the municipality of Körner and has been professionally restored several times over the past hundred years.

Thing (assembly)
A thing, also known as a folkmoot, assembly, tribal council, and by other names, was a governing assembly in early Germanic society, made up of the free people of the community presided over by a lawspeaker. Things took place regularly, usually at prominent places accessible by travel. They provided legislative functions, as well as social events and trade opportunities. In modern usage, the meaning of this word in English and other languages has shifted to mean not just an assemblage of some sort but also simply an object of any kind. Thingstead (Old English: þingstede) or thingstow (Old English: þingstōw) is the English term for the location where a thing was held.
Cruce a Nado Internacional
Cruce a Nado Internacional is a yearly international swimming competition that takes place at Bahía de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It is the oldest open water swimming event in the Caribbean. The event generally occurs on the first Sunday of September, to coincide with the Sunday of Labor Day Weekend every year. The event is sponsored by Club Cruce a Nado, Inc. Some 100 athletes compete, swimming 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) nautical miles. The event started in 1980. The 2020 season's event did not take place due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but its 40th season took place on 5 September 2021 instead.

Ponce Grand Prix de Atletismo
The Ponce Grand Prix de Atletismo is a track and field competition held yearly in Ponce, Puerto Rico at the Francisco Montaner Stadium. The event started in 2007, after the successful hosting of the 2006 Ibero-American Championships. It was considered among the most important athletic events in the Caribbean based on the competitive and organizational quality of the event. Starting with the 2012 season, the Ponce Grand Prix joined the IAAF World Challenge competitions until 2015 and represented the only other city in the Americas, outside Kingston, Jamaica, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in the circuit. The event was relaunched in 2022 named Puerto Rico International Athletics Classic as part of the silver level scheduled World Athletics Continental Tour.
As Salamah Archipelago
The As Salamah Archipelago (Arabic: سلامة وبناتها, romanized: As Salamah wa Banatiha lit. 'Salamah and her daughters'), also known by their colonial name, the Quoin Islands Archipelago, or simply the Quion Islands, is a archipelago of three uninhabited islands in the Persian Gulf, north of the Musandam Peninsula in the Strait of Hormuz; as part of Oman (Musandam Governorate), they form the country's northernmost landmass. The archipelago is considered the entrance and exit point of the Persian Gulf. Once a ship has declared a position of "Passed Quoin Inbound" the insurance rates for the ship will increase.

Musandam Peninsula
The Musandam Peninsula or Ruus Al Jibal is a mountainous, northeastern extension of the Arabian Peninsula, lying between the Persian Gulf to the west and the Gulf of Oman to the east; the connecting Strait of Hormuz lies to the north. Political control is divided between the United Arab Emirates and Oman.
Tigray Peace Force
The Tigray Peace Force (TPF) (Tigrinya: ሓይሊ ሰላም ትግራይ, Ḥayli Selam Təgray) is a rebel group  and political organization in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The TPF emerged as a rebel splinter group formed by disgruntled former members of the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), after the deep internal division and schism formed following the Pretoria Agreement that ended the Tigray War in 2022. The TPF defines itself by a core ideology of reform, resistance to the status quo, and the push for separation of party and state in post-war Tigray.

The TPF is explicitly positioned in ideological conflict with the long-established political and military leadership of the TDF and the ruling faction of the TPLF.

Tigray Defense Forces
The Tigray Defense Forces (TDF; Tigrinya: ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ትግራይ), colloquially called the Tigray Army (ሰራዊት ትግራይ), is a paramilitary organization located in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. It was founded by former generals of the Ethiopian military in 2020 to combat federal forces enforcing national government mandates in the Tigray region, culminating in the outbreak of the Tigray War that same year. The TDF has made use of guerilla tactics and strategies. Human rights groups including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have reported that the TDF has committed war crimes against civilians including gang rape and extrajudicial killing during their occupation of both the Afar and Amhara regions. According to the Ethiopian Ministry of Justice, TDF combatants have been found liable for upwards of 540 civilians casualties. as of 28 December 2021.