hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aida Desta
Princess Aida Desta of Ethiopia (8 April 1927 – 15 January 2013), baptismal name Bisrate Gabriel, was the eldest granddaughter of Emperor Haile Selassie, eldest child and daughter of Ras Desta Damtew and Princess Tenagnework.  She was the wife of Leul Ras Mengesha Seyoum, Prince of Tigray, son of Seyoum Mengesha, and great-grandson of Emperor Yohannes IV. Her godmother was Empress Zewditu of Ethiopia.

Desta Damtew
Ras Desta Damtew KBE (Amharic: ደስታ ዳምጠው; c. 1892 – 24 February 1937) was an Ethiopian noble, army commander and a son-in-law of Emperor Haile Selassie I. He is known for his leadership in the Ethiopian Army during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. He was executed on 24 February 1937, by the Italian Armed Forces shortly after Ethiopia's loss in the war.
Common ground (linguistics)
In semantics, pragmatics, and philosophy of language, the common ground of a conversation is the set of propositions that the interlocutors have agreed to treat as true. For a proposition to be in the common ground, it must be common knowledge in the conversational context. The set of possible worlds compatible with the common ground is often called the context set.

The concept is fundamental to many theories of discourse. In such theories, the speech act of assertion is often analyzed as a proposal to add an additional proposition to the common ground. Similarly, presuppositions are taken to be licensed when they are already established in the common ground. While such approaches are typically construed as pragmatic, the framework of dynamic semantics treats the semantic denotations of sentences as functions which update the common ground. In many theories, the common ground is one of several elements of the conversational scoreboard.

Possible world
A possible world is a complete and consistent way the world is or could have been. Possible worlds are widely used as a formal device in logic, philosophy, and linguistics in order to provide a semantics for intensional and modal logic. Their metaphysical status has been a subject of controversy in philosophy, with modal realists such as David Lewis arguing that there are literally existing alternate realities, and others such as Robert Stalnaker arguing that alternate realities do not exist.
2025–26 Botswana Premier League
The 2025–26 FNB Botswana Premier League season is the 48th season of the Botswana Premier League, the top-tier football league in Botswana, since its establishment in 1966. The season started on 15 August 2025. Gaborone United were the 2024-25 champions.

This season was the second of FNB's three year sponsorship of the league. At the end of the season, three teams will be relegated into either the Botswana First Division North or the Botswana First Division South.

Botswana Premier League
The Botswana Premier League is the highest level football league in Botswana. Organised by the Botswana Football Association, the league was formed in 1978 to replace the pre-independence Bechuanaland Union African Soccer League, which was regional. Participants in the first edition of the league included Tlokweng Pirates, Notwane, Black Peril, Queens Park Rangers and a team from Ngwaketse district.

The league has been dominated by teams from the southern part of the country. In the 2006–07 season, Ecco City Greens became the first team from the north to lift the competition.
1st Battalion, 120th Field Artillery Regiment
The 1st Battalion, 120th Field Artillery Regiment, also known as the "Red Fox" Battalion came into being on 22 September 1917 at Camp MacArthur, Waco, Texas, as part of the 57th Field Artillery Brigade, better known as the Iron Brigade. The 120th Field Artillery Regiment previously had been the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry. The history of the 1st Wisconsin Volunteer Cavalry Regiment goes back the American Civil War days.

Today, the 1–120th FAB (1-120th Field Artillery Battalion) is part of the 32nd IBCT (32nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team) and is headquartered in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, and has five corresponding batteries: Alpha Battery is located in Marshfield, Wisconsin; Bravo Battery is located in Stevens Point, Wisconsin; Charlie Battery, located in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin; Delta Battery, located in Berlin, Wisconsin; and Headquarters Battery which is located in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin.

157th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade
The 157th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, also known as the Iron Brigade, is based out of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was formerly known as the 57th Field Artillery Brigade, at which time its subordinate organizations included the 1st Battalion, 126th Field Artillery Regiment and the 1st Battalion, 121st Field Artillery Regiment from the Wisconsin Army National Guard, plus the 1st Battalion, 182nd Field Artillery Regiment of the Michigan Army National Guard. Not to be confused with the famous "Iron Brigade" of the Civil War, its nickname was traditionally given to crack artillery units in the Civil War. It was during World War I that the 57th Field Artillery Brigade earned its nickname as it spent many hours at the front and fired more artillery rounds than any brigade in the American Army.
1978 British Army Gazelle downing
On 17 February 1978, a British Army Gazelle helicopter, serial number XX404, went down near Jonesborough, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, after being fired at by a Provisional IRA unit from the South Armagh Brigade. The IRA unit was involved at the time in a gun battle with a Green Jackets observation post deployed in the area, and the helicopter was sent in to support the ground troops. The helicopter crashed after the pilot lost control of the aircraft whilst evading ground fire.

Lieutenant-Colonel Ian Douglas Corden-Lloyd, 2nd Battalion Green Jackets commanding officer, died in the crash. The incident was overshadowed in the press by the La Mon restaurant bombing, which took place just hours later near Belfast.

La Mon restaurant bombing
On 17 February 1978, the Provisional IRA's Belfast Brigade left a large incendiary bomb outside the La Mon House hotel and restaurant in Comber, County Down, near Belfast. The attack, commonly known as the La Mon restaurant bombing, has been described as one of the worst atrocities of the Troubles.

The bomb, containing a napalm-like substance, was left outside one of the restaurant's windows. At the time of the attack, 450 diners, hotel staff, and guests were inside of the building. The IRA stated they tried to send a warning from a public telephone, but were unable to do so until nine minutes before the bomb detonated. The blast created a fireball, killing 12 people and injuring 30 more, many of whom were severely burnt. Many of the injured were treated in the Ulster Hospital in nearby Dundonald.

A Belfast native, Robert Murphy, received twelve life sentences in 1981 for the manslaughter of those who were killed. Murphy was freed from prison on licence in 1995.
Text roulette
Text roulette or SMS roulette is a game played chiefly by schoolchildren, in which they compose a text message on their mobile phone then send it to one of their contacts or a made-up number at random.

Text messaging
Text messaging, or texting, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of mobile phones, tablet computers, smartwatches, desktops/laptops, or another type of compatible computer. Text messages may be sent over a cellular network or may also be sent via satellite or Internet connection.

The term originally referred to messages sent using the Short Message Service (SMS) on mobile devices. It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages using the Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and Rich Communication Services (RCS), which can contain digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as ideograms known as emoji (happy faces, sad faces, and other icons), and on various instant messaging apps. Text messaging has been an extremely popular medium of communication since the turn of the century and has also influenced changes in society.
1997 Alberta general election
The 1997 Alberta general election was held on March 11, 1997, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.

The Progressive Conservative government led by Premier Ralph Klein won its eighth consecutive mandate going back to 1971, increasing its share of votes and seats in the Legislature relative to the previous election in 1993. The Liberal Party retained Official Opposition status, though it lost nearly half its seats. After an electoral wipeout in 1993, the NDP returned to the Legislature by winning two seats.

1993 Alberta general election
The 1993 Alberta general election was held on June 15, 1993, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The Conservative government was re-elected, taking 51 seats out of 83 (61 percent of the seats) but only having support of 45 percent of voters.

It is notable because it was seen by some as a contest between the former mayors of Calgary and Edmonton, Ralph Klein and Laurence Decore, respectively.

Until the government's defeat in 2015, this election was the closest the Progressive Conservatives came to losing since coming to power in 1971.
Sikkim Aakraman SC
Sikkim Aakraman Sporting Club is an Indian professional football club based in Gangtok, Sikkim. The club currently competes in the SFA "A" Division S-League, the top local division, and the Sikkim Premier League, the franchise league in Sikkim. It is part of the same-named multi-sports. Founded in 2010, The club won the inaugural edition of the Sikkim Premier League in 2023.

Sikkim Football League
The Sikkim Football League is a group of state-level football leagues in the Indian state of Sikkim, organised by the Sikkim Football Association. It was founded in 2012 as the Sikkim Premier Division League. The SFA "A" Division S-League is the premier state-level football league in Sikkim. United Sikkim is the most successful team with three league titles.
2025 Donegal Senior Football Championship
The 2025 Donegal Senior Football Championship was the 103th official edition of Donegal GAA's premier Gaelic football tournament for senior graded clubs in County Donegal. 16 teams competed, with the winner representing Donegal in the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship.

The defending champion from 2024 was St Eunan's. That title made St Eunan's the most successful club in Donegal. The competition began on the weekend of 8–10 August, shortly after Donegal's appearance in the 2025 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final.

Naomh Conaill advanced to the 2025 final, where – despite not leading in any part of normal time – the club came from behind to defeat Gaoth Dobhair after extra time.

2024 Donegal Senior Football Championship
The 2024 Donegal Senior Football Championship was the 102nd official edition of Donegal GAA's premier Gaelic football tournament for senior graded clubs in County Donegal. 16 teams competed, with the winner representing Donegal in the 2024 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship.

The favourite to take the Donegal SFC title was two-time defending champion, bidding for a third consecutive title, Naomh Conaill.

St Eunan's ultimately won the title.
Moel y Cerrig Duon
Moel y Cerrig Duon is a subsidiary summit of Esgeiriau Gwynion in Gwynedd in north Wales.

Moel y Cerrig Duon tops the eastern end of a long peat bog plateau along with Llechwedd Du. Its summit has a conical shape, rising suddenly from the bog. The summit itself is grassy, marked by a small cairn and a stake. To the north-east is Foel y Geifr, to the east Cyrniau Nod and to the west is Llechwedd Du, Esgeiriau Gwynion, and Aran Fawddwy.

Its otherwise unremarkable SW top Foel y Groes(582m) forms the watershed between the Dee, Severn and Dyfi catchments.

The Aran range continues south from Moel y Cerrig Duon forming a large area of high moorland to the west of Lake Vyrnwy, crowned by Mynydd Coch. To the north it continues to Foel y Geifr, the eastern outpost of the Aran Fawddwy range.

Aran Fawddwy
Aran Fawddwy is a mountain in southern Snowdonia, Wales. It is the highest point (county top) of the historic county of Merionethshire (for local government purposes, it lies within the current council area of Gwynedd). It is the highest peak in the Aran mountain range, the only peak in Wales outside North Snowdonia above 900m, and higher than anywhere in the United Kingdom south of Northern Snowdonia. The nearest small settlements to the mountain are Dinas Mawddwy to the south, Llanymawddwy to the southeast, Llanuwchllyn on the shores of Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake) to the north, and Rhydymain to the west. 
The nearest settlements with around 2,000 people are Bala and Dolgellau. On the eastern slopes of Aran Fawddwy is the small lake named Creiglyn Dyfi, the source of the River Dyfi. Its sister peak is Aran Benllyn at 885 metres (2,904 ft). There is also a middle peak: Erw y Ddafad-ddu.
North Weald Bassett
North Weald Bassett, or simply North Weald (/ˈwiːld/ WEELD), is a village and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 6,448 and the built up area had a population of 4,348.

A market is held every Saturday and Bank Holiday Monday at North Weald Airfield. The market used to be the largest open air market in the country but reduced its size over the years.

Epping Forest District
Epping Forest District is a local government district in Essex, England. It is named after the ancient woodland of Epping Forest, a large part of which lies within the district. The district covers northeastern parts of the urban area of London, including the suburban towns of Epping, Loughton, Waltham Abbey, Chigwell, and Buckhurst Hill, as well as rural areas beyond it. The district is situated in the west of the county, bordering north-eastern Greater London.

The administrative headquarters of Epping Forest District Council are in the town of Epping. Neighbouring districts are Brentwood, Broxbourne, Chelmsford, East Hertfordshire, Enfield, Harlow, Havering, Redbridge, Uttlesford and Waltham Forest. In 2021 it had a population of 134,909.
STEM School Highlands Ranch shooting
On May 7, 2019, a school shooting occurred at STEM School Highlands Ranch, a charter school located in Douglas County, Colorado, United States, in the Denver suburb of Highlands Ranch. One student, Kendrick Castillo, was killed and eight others were injured. Two students, 16-year-old Alec McKinney and 18-year-old Devon Erickson, were convicted on dozens of charges and sentenced to life imprisonment.

Douglas County, Colorado
Douglas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 357,978. The county is named in honor of U.S. Senator Stephen A. Douglas. The county seat is Castle Rock.

Douglas County is part of the Denver metropolitan area. It is located midway between Colorado's two largest cities, Denver and Colorado Springs, and contains a portion of Aurora, the state's third-largest city. Douglas County has the highest median household income of any Colorado county or statistical equivalent. It is ranked seventh nationally in that category.
Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic country where the indigenous ethnic group, Kazakhs, comprise the majority of the population. As of 2025, ethnic Kazakhs are about 71.3% of the population and ethnic Russians are in the second place with 14.6%. These are the two dominant ethnic groups in the country with a wide array of other groups represented, including Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Uyghurs, Germans, Tatars, Azerbaijanis, Koreans, Turks, Dungans, Belarusians, Tajiks, and Kurds. Turkic peoples make up to 79% of the population while European and Caucasian peoples make up to 19%.

Ukrainians in Kazakhstan
Ukrainians of Kazakhstani (Kazakh: Қазақстандағы украиндар, romanized: Qazaqstandağy ukraindar; Ukrainian: Українці в Казахстані, romanized: Ukrayintsi v Kazakhstani) are an ethnic minority in Kazakhstan that according to the 1989 census numbered 896,000 people, or 5.4% of the population. Due to subsequent emigration to Russia and Ukraine, this number had declined to 796,000 by 1998 and 456,997 in the 2009 census.

Ukrainians occasionally called the lands in Northern Kazakhstan and Western Siberia as Grey Ukraine (Ukrainian: Сірий Клин, romanized: Siryy Klyn).
Marugame Seimen
Marugame Seimen (丸亀製麺), also known as Marugame Udon outside of Japan, is a Japanese fast-casual restaurant chain specializing in udon. The chain is operated by Toridoll Holdings Corporation  based in Kobe.

In April 2023 Toridoll agreed to buy Franco Manca and The Real Greek from Fulham Shore for £93.4m.

Udon
Udon (うどん or 饂飩) is a thick noodle made from wheat flour, used in Japanese cuisine. There are a variety of ways it is prepared and served. Its simplest form is in a soup as kake udon with a mild broth called kakejiru made from dashi, soy sauce, and mirin. It is usually topped with thinly chopped scallions. Other common toppings include prawn tempura, kakiage (mixed tempura fritter), abura-age (sweet, deep-fried tofu pouches), kamaboko (sliced fish cake), and shichimi spice added to taste.

Standard broth differs by region. Dark (koikuchi) soy sauce is added in eastern Japan, while light (usukuchi) soy sauce is added in the west. Instant noodles are often sold in two (or more) versions accordingly.

More unusual variants include stir-fried yaki udon and curry udon made with Japanese curry. Udon is often used as the final dish in shabu shabu or Japanese hot pot.
Smuxi
Smuxi is a cross-platform IRC client for the GNOME desktop inspired by Irssi. It pioneered the concept of separating the frontend client from the backend engine which manages connections to IRC servers inside a single graphical application.

Irssi
Irssi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈirsːi] (listen)) is an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client program for Linux, FreeBSD, macOS and Microsoft Windows. It was originally written by Timo Sirainen, and released under the terms of the GNU GPL-2.0-or-later in January 1999.

The program has a text-based user interface written from scratch using C. It may be customized by editing its config files or by installing plugins and Perl scripts. Though initially developed for Unix-like operating systems, it has been successfully ported to both Windows and macOS.
Thembisa
Thembisa, formerly Tembisa, is a large township situated to the north of Kempton Park on the East Rand, Gauteng, South Africa. It was established in 1957 when black people were resettled from Alexandra and other areas in Edenvale, Kempton Park, Midrand and Germiston.

Germiston
Germiston, also known as kwaDukathole, is a city in the East Rand region of Gauteng, South Africa, administratively forming part of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality since the latter's establishment in 2000. It functions as the municipal seat of Ekurhuleni, hosting the municipal council and administration.

Originally a mining town established in 1886 at the start of the Witwatersrand Gold Rush, Germiston has since developed into one of the largest manufacturing, trucking and railway hubs in Africa, and is a major centre of the South African steel industry.
Same-sex marriage in New Hampshire
Same-sex marriage has been legal in New Hampshire since January 1, 2010, based on legislation signed into law by Governor John Lynch on June 3, 2009. Following much discussion, a same-sex marriage bill was approved 14–10 by the Senate and 198–176 by the House of Representatives in May 2009. The law provided that civil unions, which the state had established on January 1, 2008, would be converted to marriages on January 1, 2011, unless dissolved, annulled, or converted before that date. Efforts to repeal the law were defeated in the House in March 2012. Polling suggests that a large majority of New Hampshire residents support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage, with a 2024 Public Religion Research Institute poll showing that 74% of respondents supported same-sex marriage.

New Hampshire was the fourth state in New England and the fifth in the country, after Massachusetts, Connecticut, Iowa and Vermont, to legalize same-sex marriage.

Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts
Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in Massachusetts since May 17, 2004, as a result of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health that it was unconstitutional under the Constitution of Massachusetts to allow only opposite-sex couples to marry. Massachusetts was the sixth jurisdiction in the world to legalize same-sex marriage after the Netherlands, Belgium, Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec. It was the first U.S. state to open marriage to same-sex couples.
2014 Varsity Shield
The 2014 Varsity Shield was contested from 27 January to 31 March 2014. The tournament (also known as the FNB Varsity Shield presented by Steinhoff International for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth season of the Varsity Shield, an annual second-tier inter-university rugby union competition featuring five South African universities.

The tournament was won by CUT Ixias for the second consecutive time and third time overall; they beat UKZN Impi 35–26 in the final played on 31 March 2015. CUT Ixias were automatically promoted to the top-tier Varsity Cup competition for 2015, but UKZN Impi lost their promotion play-off match against UJ to remain in the Varsity Shield for 2015. Bottom side TUT Vikings won their relegation play-off match against challengers NWU Vaal Triangle to also remain in the Varsity Shield for 2015.

2015 Varsity Shield
The 2015 Varsity Shield was contested from 2 February to 6 April 2015. The tournament (also known as the FNB Varsity Shield presented by Steinhoff International for sponsorship reasons) was the fifth season of the Varsity Shield, an annual second-tier inter-university rugby union competition featuring five South African universities.

The tournament was won by UKZN Impi for the first time; they beat Wits 29–24 in the final played on 6 April 2015. No team was promoted to the top-tier Varsity Cup competition for 2016.
Philippe Njoni
Philippe Njoni (1953-2017) was a Burundian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2007 by the former president of Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on 14 November 2007.

Council of Ministers (Burundi)
The Council of Ministers of Burundi are the  senior level of the executive branch of Burundi and consists of the Prime Minister of Burundi and various Ministers. The 2018 constitution, which enshrines ethnically based power-sharing, requires that at most 60% of ministers come from the ethnic Hutu majority and at most 40% hail from the Tutsi minority. At least 30% of government ministers must be women. The members of the council are directly appointed by the President in consultation with the Vice-President and Prime minister.

The current council of ministers commenced on 8 September 2024 and is President Évariste Ndayishimiye's second cabinet (with a couple of minister changed of the course of 2024).
Steelfab
Steelfab was a Cardiff, Wales-based engineering firm that built the "Steelfab Digger", a competitor to the HyMac and JCB excavators in the 1960s. The company also built the Horndraulic brand of front loaders for fitting to agricultural tractors.

JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)
J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited, commonly known as JCB, is a British multinational manufacturer of equipment for construction, agriculture, waste handling, and demolition. It was founded in 1945 and is based in Rocester, Staffordshire, England.

The word "JCB" is also often used colloquially as a generic description for mechanical diggers and excavators, and the word appears in the Oxford English Dictionary, although it is still held as a trademark.