hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David R. Leeper
David Rohrer Leeper (January 12, 1832 – November 27, 1900) was a politician, writer and miner from Indiana. He served in the Indiana House of Representatives from 1874 to 1877 and Indiana Senate in 1878. He served as Mayor of South Bend from 1892 to 1894 and police commissioner of South Bend.

Indiana House of Representatives
The Indiana House of Representatives is the lower house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Indiana. The House is composed of 100 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. House members serve two-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 U.S. census, each State House district contains an average of 64,838 people.

The House convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis.
Hasan İpek
Hasan İpek (born 1959) is a Turkish bureaucrat who served as the 11th Governor of Şırnak from 2013 to 2015, having been appointed by President Abdullah Gül on the recommendation of the Turkish Government. He previously served as the 9th Governor of Bayburt from 2011 to 2013. He is a former advisor to the Prime Minister of Turkey. He is a former Kaymakam (Sub-Governor of a district).

Governor of Bayburt
The Governor of Bayburt (Turkish: Bayburt Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Bayburt. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Bayburt is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Bayburt. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Bayburt provincial police force and the Bayburt Gendarmerie.
30th Kuvendi
The Thirtieth Legislature of Albania (Albanian: Legjislatura e tridhjetë e Shqipërisë), officially known as the IX Pluralist Legislature of Albania (Albanian: Legjislatura e IX Pluraliste e Shqipërisë), is the legislature of Albania following the 2017 general election of Members of Parliament (MPs) to the Albanian Parliament. The party of the Prime Minister Edi Rama, PS, obtained an absolute majority of 74 deputies, alongside its ally, the Social Democratic Party (PSD), which secured 1 seat and Party for Justice, Integration and Unity (PDIU) 3 seats.

Social Democratic Party of Albania
The Social Democratic Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Socialdemokrate e Shqipërisë, PSD or PSDSH) is a minor social democratic political party in Albania. Its founder is Skënder Gjinushi, a former Minister of Education (1987–1991) and Speaker of Parliament (1997–2001). Its current chairman is Deputy Tom Doshi.
Kate Martin
Kate Marie Martin (born June 5, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Valkyries of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and for the Breeze of Unrivaled. She played college basketball for the Iowa Hawkeyes. She was selected in the second round (18th overall) by the Las Vegas Aces in the 2024 WNBA draft.

Martin attended Edwardsville High School in her hometown of Edwardsville, Illinois. Martin captained the Iowa Hawkeyes for four seasons, playing alongside two-time national player of the year, Caitlin Clark. She helped lead Iowa to their first national championship game as a senior in 2023 and helped Iowa return to the national title game the following year.

Iowa Hawkeyes women's basketball
The Iowa Hawkeyes Women's basketball team represents the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. The team is a member of the Big Ten Conference as well as the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The team plays its regular season games at 15,400-seat Carver-Hawkeye Arena, along with men's basketball and wrestling teams.
Electronic City Elevated Expressway
The Electronic City Elevated Expressway is a 9.985 km (6.204 mi) long elevated highway from Silk Board junction to Electronic City in Bengaluru, India. The project was part of the BETL (Bengaluru Elevated Tollways Ltd), project as part of the National Highways Development Project and the Elevated Highways Project. It was initiated in early 2006, and was inaugurated on 22 January 2010. Operating at a height of 17 m (56 ft), it was Bangalore's tallest flyover at the time of its opening.

The elevated expressway has helped to reduce the commute time to the tech hub of Electronic City greatly. 
The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike and Bangalore Development Authority had planned a series of flyovers and underpasses to make this arterial Hosur Road signal free.

Overpass
An overpass, called an overbridge or flyover (for a road only) in the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth countries, is a bridge, road, railway or similar structure that is over another road or railway. An overpass and underpass together form a grade separation. Stack interchanges are made up of several overpasses.
A684 road
The A684 is an A road that runs through Cumbria and North Yorkshire, starting at Kendal, Cumbria and ending at Ellerbeck and the A19 road in North Yorkshire. It crosses the full width of the Yorkshire Dales, passing through Garsdale and the full length of Wensleydale.

Flooding can be a problem after heavy rain, especially at Appersett, near Hawes, and heavy snow can close the road temporarily at the Black Horse hill and in Garsdale.

A19 road
The A19 is a major road in England running approximately parallel to and east of the A1 road. Although the two roads meet at the northern end of the A19, the two roads originally met at the southern end of the A19 in Doncaster, but the old route of the A1 was changed to the A638. From Sunderland northwards, the route was formerly the A1018. In the past the route was known as the East of Snaith-York-Thirsk-Stockton-on-Tees-Sunderland Trunk Road. Most traffic joins the A19, heading for Teesside, from the A168 at Dishforth Interchange.
Battle of Arcadiopolis (970)
The Battle of Arcadiopolis was fought in 970 between a Byzantine army under Bardas Skleros and a Rus' army, the latter also including allied Bulgarian, Pecheneg, and Hungarian (Magyar) contingents. In the preceding years, the Rus' ruler Sviatoslav had conquered northern Bulgaria, and was now menacing Byzantium as well. The Rus' force had been advancing through Thrace towards Constantinople when it was met by Skleros' force. Having fewer men than the Rus', Skleros prepared an ambush and attacked the Rus' army with a portion of his force. The Byzantines then feigned retreat, and succeeded in drawing off the Pecheneg contingent into the ambush, routing it. The remainder of the Rus' army then suffered heavy casualties from the pursuing Byzantines. The battle was important as it bought time for the Byzantine emperor John I Tzimiskes to settle his internal problems and assemble a large expedition, which eventually defeated Sviatoslav the next year.

Pechenegs
The Pechenegs (/ˈpɛtʃənɛɡ/) or Patzinaks, also known as Pecheneg Turks, were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia who spoke the Pecheneg language. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Pechenegs controlled much of the steppes of southeast Europe and the Crimean Peninsula. In the 9th century, the Pechenegs began a period of wars against Rus', and for more than two centuries launched raids into the lands of Rus', which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars.
Stacey Gabriel (actress)
Stacey Gabriel (born 24 August 1997) is a Filipino actress, beauty pageant titleholder, model, and entrepreneur. As representative for Cainta, Gabriel competed in Miss Universe Philippines 2024, where she finished 1st Runner-Up. She is also known for her role as Master Sgt. Tricia Almario on the hit Philippine action drama series FPJ's Ang Probinsyano.

Ang Probinsyano
FPJ's Ang Probinsyano (international title: Brothers; lit. '"FPJ's The Provincial Man"') is a Philippine television drama action series broadcast by ABS-CBN and the Kapamilya Channel. The series is based on the 1996 Filipino film of the same title. Directed by Malu L. Sevilla, Avel E. Sunpongco, and Toto Natividad, it stars Coco Martin in the lead role.

The series aired on the network's Primetime Bida evening block and worldwide via The Filipino Channel (TFC) on September 28, 2015. The series concluded on August 12, 2022, with a total of nine seasons and 1,696 episodes. It is considered the longest-running drama series in ABS-CBN history.
Guar gum
Guar gum, also called guaran, is a galactomannan polysaccharide extracted from guar beans that has thickening and stabilizing properties useful in food, feed, and industrial applications. The guar seeds are mechanically dehusked, hydrated, milled and screened according to application. It is typically produced as a free-flowing, off-white powder.

Xanthan gum
Xanthan gum (/ˈzænθən/) is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating. It can be produced from simple sugars by fermentation and derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris.
FC Mauerwerk
Fußballclub Mauerwerk is an Austrian association football club from the capital city of Vienna.  From September 2014 to June 2018, the club played under the name FC Karabakh Wien. Currently playing in the Regionalliga Ost and plays their home games at the Rudolf-Tonn-Stadion in Schwechat.

Austrian Regionalliga East
The Austrian Regional League East (German: Regionalliga Ost) is a third-tier division of Austrian football re-introduced in the 1984–85 season. It covers the Austrian states of Burgenland, Lower Austria and Vienna and is one of three leagues at this level.
Treaty of Tübingen
The Treaty of Tübingen was a treaty signed in the Duchy of Württemberg between its Duke, Ulrich, and the Estates of Württemberg. The treaty concluded the Poor Conrad revolt against Ulrich and annulled his recent taxes on the populace of the Duchy, while the Estates of his realm agreed to liquidate his substantial debts.

Poor Conrad
The Poor Conrad (German: Armer Konrad, also Armer Kunz) was the name of several secret peasants' leagues, which in 1514 revolted against the rule of Duke Ulrich of Württemberg. The rebels adopted the term used by the nobility to mock them, meaning "poor fellow" or "poor devil". The battle flag of the rebels depicted a farmer lying in front of a cross, under the words Der arme Conrad.
Great Mosque of Fes el-Jdid
The Great Mosque of Fes el-Jdid (Arabic: الجامع الكبير) is the historic main Friday mosque of Fes el-Jdid, the royal city and Marinid-era citadel of Fez, Morocco. It is believed to have been founded in 1276, around the same time that the city itself was founded, making it the oldest mosque in Fes el-Jdid. It was likely redecorated at a later period. The mosque follows the usual layout of North African mosques with a hypostyle prayer hall, internal courtyard, and ornate minaret. Its annexes include a mausoleum containing several tombs, one of which is commonly believed to be that of Sultan Abu Inan, although this is not confirmed by any inscriptions.

Sahn
A sahn (Arabic: صَحْن, ṣaḥn), is a courtyard in Islamic architecture, especially the formal courtyard of a mosque. Most traditional mosques have a large central sahn, which is surrounded by a riwaq or arcade on all sides.
Abdopus capricornicus
Abdopus capricornicus is a species of octopus in the family Octopodidae, and is often also referred to as Octopus capricornicus.   This octopus is native to the Great Barrier Reef and is often found throughout the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. There are six other species of octopuses within the subgenus Abdopus with a large number of organisms not yet described. This octopus is notable for its unique body patterning through which it can change. The likely uses for this characteristic are camouflage or intraspecific communication. Other organisms in the Abdopus genus include A. horridus, A. abaculus, A. aculeatus, and A. tonganus.  Individuals are capable of autotomy, sacrificing a writhing arm to a predator to distract it while making an escape.

Autotomy
Autotomy ('self-amputation', from the Greek auto-, "self-" and tome, "severing") is the behaviour whereby an animal sheds or discards an appendage, usually as a self-defense mechanism to elude a predator's grasp or to distract the predator and thereby allow escape. Some animals are able to regenerate the lost body part later. Autotomy is thought to have evolved independently at least nine times. The term was coined in 1883 by Leon Fredericq.
Thomas Atcitty
Thomas Atcitty (November 1, 1933 – October 11, 2020) was an American politician and educator who served in the New Mexico House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party, 2nd Vice President of the Navajo Nation, and briefly served as the 3rd President of the Navajo Nation. He was a member of the Navajo Nation.

President of the Navajo Nation
The president of the Navajo Nation is the executive branch of the Navajo Nation. The office succeeded the tribal chairman, being created during the 1991 restructuring of the Navajo national government. The president and vice president are elected every four years. The Navajo Nation president shall serve no more than two consecutive terms.

As outlined in the Navajo Nation Code §1001-1006, until 2016, office holders had to be fluent in the Navajo language among other declared qualifications.  Presently, fluency is to be determined by the Navajo voters when they cast ballots.
The Joykiller
The Joykiller was an American punk rock supergroup from Huntington Beach, California, United States. The Joykiller were formed in 1995 by Jack Grisham of T.S.O.L., Billy Persons (The Weirdos/Gun Club) and Ronnie King. After the formation of the band Jack recruited his ex-T.S.O.L. bandmate Ron Emory on guitar and added Chris Lagerborg on drums. This original line-up recorded one album on Epitaph Records, The Joykiller, before Emory was replaced in 1996.

The next line-up saw the addition of songwriter Sean Greaves on guitar. They recorded two albums on the Epitaph label, Static and Three, and toured the U.S., Canada, and Europe.

The Joykiller released their fifth record, Music for Break-Ups, in January 2015.

The Weirdos
The Weirdos are an American punk rock band from Los Angeles. They formed in 1975, split-up in 1981, re-grouped in 1986 and have remained semi-active ever since. Critic Mark Deming calls them "quite simply, one of the best and brightest American bands of punk's first wave."
Samed Yeşil
Samed Yeşil (Turkish pronunciation: [samed jeʃil], born 25 May 1994) is a German footballer who plays as a striker for ATS Krefeld.

Formed at Bayer Leverkusen, he moved as a teenager to Liverpool in 2012. In 2015, he was loaned to FC Luzern.

Yeşil has represented Germany up to under-19 level. He was particularly successful in their under-17 team, whom he helped become runners-up in the European Championship and third place at the World Cup in 2011, finishing as top scorer of the former and second top at the latter.

FC Luzern
Fussball-Club Luzern (German pronunciation: [ɛf ˈt͡seː luˈtsɛrn]), or simply abbreviated to FCL, is a Swiss sports club based in Lucerne (German: Luzern). It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Super League, the top tier of the Swiss football league system, and has won the national title once and the national cup three times.

The club colours are blue and white, derived from the City of Lucerne and Canton of Lucerne coats of arms. The club plays its home games at Swissporarena which was newly built in 2011 at the place of the old Stadion Allmend.

FC Luzern was founded in 1901. It has non-professional departments for women's football, volleyball, boccia and gymnastics.
Plutonium-242
Plutonium-242 (242Pu or Pu-242) is the second longest-lived isotope of plutonium, with a half-life of 375,000 years. The half-life of 242Pu is about 15 times that of 239Pu; so it is one-fifteenth as radioactive, and not one of the larger contributors to nuclear waste radioactivity. 242Pu's gamma ray emissions are also weaker than those of the other isotopes. As the direct parent of uranium-238 it is part of the uranium series decay chain.

It is not fissile (but it is fissionable by fast neutrons), and its neutron capture cross section is low. Like the other even isotopes of plutonium it has a significant rate of spontaneous fission.

Fissile material
In nuclear engineering, fissile material is material that can undergo nuclear fission when struck by a neutron of low energy. A self-sustaining thermal chain reaction can only be achieved with fissile material. The predominant neutron energy in a system may be typified by either slow neutrons (i.e., a thermal system) or fast neutrons. Fissile material can be used to fuel thermal-neutron reactors, fast-neutron reactors and nuclear explosives.
Chambord (liqueur)
Chambord (French: [ʃɑ̃.bɔʁ]) is a 16.5% abv raspberry liqueur modelled after a liqueur produced in the Loire Valley of France during the late 17th century. The Chambord product brand has been owned and produced by the Brown-Forman Corporation since 2006.

Chambord is made from red and black raspberries, Madagascar vanilla, Moroccan citrus peel, honey and XO cognac.

Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a common measure of the amount of alcohol contained in a given alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the volume the ethanol in the liquid would take if separated from the rest of the solution, divided by the volume of the solution, both at 20 °C (68 °F). Pure ethanol is lighter than water, with a density of 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz; 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz; 0.45633 oz/cu in). The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.

In some countries, e.g. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 °C (59 °F).
Flueggea anatolica
Flueggea anatolica is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae, endemic to Turkey. The species exists in only three small, disjunct populations in southern Turkey, at elevations ranging from 300 to 970 metres. It produces small seeds with an active ballistic dispersal mechanism, which show physiological dormancy requiring about 10 weeks of cold stratification to germinate successfully. The plant primarily regenerates through sprouts rather than seeds in the wild, contributing to its vulnerable conservation status. F. anatolica's wood structure features a semi-ring porous pattern with predominantly single vessels that have spiral thickenings and alternately arranged pits, displaying the "Glochidion-type" wood characteristics common in Phyllanthaceae. Conservation efforts focus on seed collection and storage techniques, as the species requires protection due to its extremely restricted range.

Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore. The term is applied to the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm, the growth of a sporeling from a spore, such as the spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain of a seed plant.
Laughing owl
The laughing owl (Ninox albifacies), also known as whēkau, the laughing jackass, or the white-faced owl, is an extinct species of owl that was endemic to New Zealand. Plentiful when European settlers arrived in New Zealand, its scientific description was published in 1845, but it was largely or completely extinct by 1914. The species was traditionally considered to belong to the monotypic genus Sceloglaux Kaup, 1848 ("scoundrel owl", probably because of the mischievous-sounding calls), although recent genetic studies indicate that it belongs with the boobook owls in the genus Ninox.

Johann Jakob Kaup
Johann Jakob von Kaup (10 April 1803 – 4 July 1873) was a German naturalist. A proponent of natural philosophy, he believed in an innate mathematical order in nature and he attempted biological classifications based on the Quinarian system. Kaup is also known for having coined popular prehistoric taxa like Pterosauria, Machairodus, Deinotherium, Dorcatherium, and Chalicotherium.
Vera Shatalina
Vera Nikolaevna Shatalina (Russian: Вера Николаевна Шаталина; born 27 May 1966) is a Russian Rhythmic gymnastics coach. She is an Honored Coach of Russia and has worked with world and Olympic champions, including Alina Kabaeva, Yulia Barsukova, Olga Kapranova, Diana Borisova, and twin sisters Arina and Dina Averina.

Yulia Barsukova
Yulia Vladimirovna Barsukova (Russian: Ю́лия Влади́мировна Барсуко́ва, born 31 December 1978) is a Russian retired individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2000 Olympic champion in the All-Around, the 2000 Grand Prix Final All-around champion, the 1999 World All-around bronze medalist, 2000 European All-around bronze medalist and 1999 Grand Prix Final All-around bronze medalist.
Ryu Hanaoka
Ryu Hanaoka (Japanese: 花岡 竜, Hanaoka Ryu; born November 30, 2003) is a Japanese kickboxer. A professional competitor since 2019, Hanaoka is a former KNOCK OUT Black Super Flyweight champion and RISE Super Flyweight Champion

As of August 2023, he is the #3 ranked strawweight kickboxer in the world according to Combat Press. Hanaoka first entered the divisional rankings in July 2022.

RISE (kickboxing)
Extreme Fight Game RISE, known simply as RISE, is a Japanese kickboxing promotion company based in Tokyo. Their name is an abbreviation of "Real Impact Sports Entertainment".

Its main roster showcases ten male and three female weight classes. They also hold the KAMINARIMON events, which are exclusively open to amateur fighters.
Utilities in Azerbaijan
Utilities in Azerbaijan cover the topic of public utility services in the territory of Azerbaijani Republic. The utilities of Azerbaijan are provided by the government owned public utilities: “Azersu” for the water supply and waste management, “Azerishiq” and “Azerenerji” for electricity, “Azerigaz” for natural gas, “Azeristiliktechizat” for district heating.

District heating
District heating (also known as heat networks) is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location through a system of insulated pipes for residential and commercial heating requirements such as space heating and water heating. The heat is often obtained from a cogeneration plant burning fossil fuels or biomass, but heat-only boiler stations, geothermal heating, heat pumps and central solar heating are also used, as well as heat waste from factories and nuclear power electricity generation. District heating plants can provide higher efficiencies and better pollution control than localized boilers. According to some research, district heating with combined heat and power (CHPDH) is the cheapest method of cutting carbon emissions, and has one of the lowest carbon footprints of all fossil generation plants.

District heating is ranked number 27 in Project Drawdown's 100 solutions to global warming.
The Sciences (album)
The Sciences is the fourth studio album by American stoner/doom metal band Sleep. The album was released with little warning on April 20, 2018, through Third Man Records. It was the band's first full-length album since Dopesmoker (2003).

Just a month after the release of The Sciences, Sleep released the non-album song "Leagues Beneath" through Adult Swim's 2018 weekly single series.

Stoner rock
Stoner rock, also known as stoner metal or stoner doom, is a rock music fusion genre that combines elements of doom metal with psychedelic rock and acid rock. The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by Kyuss and Sleep.