hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Playing company
In Renaissance-era London, playing company was the usual term for a company of actors. These companies were organised around a group of ten or so shareholders (or "sharers"), who performed in the plays but were also responsible for management. The sharers employed "hired men" –  that is, the minor actors and the workers behind the scenes. The major companies were based at specific theatres in London; the most successful of them, William Shakespeare's company the King's Men, had the open-air Globe Theatre for summer seasons and the enclosed Blackfriars Theatre in the winters. The Admiral's Men occupied the Rose Theatre in the 1590s, and the Fortune Theatre in the early 17th century.

Less fortunate companies spent most of their existences touring the provinces; when Worcester's Men gained official permission to perform in London in 1602, they were, in a manner of speaking, "coming in from the cold" of a life of constant touring.

Blackfriars Theatre
Blackfriars Theatre was the name given to two separate theatres located in the former Blackfriars Dominican priory in the City of London during the Renaissance. The first theatre began as a venue for the Children of the Chapel Royal, child actors associated with the Queen's chapel choirs, and who from 1576 to 1584 staged plays in the vast hall of the former monastery. The second theatre dates from the purchase of the upper part of the priory and another building by James Burbage in 1596, which included the Parliament Chamber on the upper floor that was converted into the playhouse. The Children of the Chapel played in the theatre beginning in the autumn of 1600 until the King's Men took over in 1608. They successfully used it as their winter playhouse until all the theatres were closed in 1642 when the English Civil War began.  In 1666, the entire area was destroyed in the Great Fire of London.
Wake turbulence
Wake turbulence is a disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. It is primarily associated with trailing vortices generated as the aircraft produces lift, most notably wingtip vortices.

Wake turbulence is especially hazardous in the region behind an aircraft in the takeoff or landing phases of flight. During takeoff and landing, an aircraft operates at a high angle of attack. This flight attitude maximizes the formation of strong vortices. In the vicinity of an airport, there can be multiple aircraft, all operating at low speed and low altitude; this provides an extra risk of wake turbulence with a reduced height from which to recover from any upset.

Takeoff
Takeoff or take-off is the phase of flight during which an aerial vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For space vehicles that launch vertically, this is known as liftoff.

For fixed-wing aircraft that take off horizontally (conventional takeoff), this usually involves an accelerating ground run (known as the roll) on a runway to build up speed so the wings can generate enough lift. For aerostats (balloons and airships), helicopters, tiltrotors (e.g. the V-22 Osprey) and thrust-vectoring STOVL fixed-wing aircraft (e.g. the Harrier jump jet and F-35B), a helipad/STOLport is sufficient and no runway is needed.
Giacomo Bonaventura
Giacomo "Jack" Bonaventura (Italian: [ˈdʒaːkomo ˈdʒɛk bonavenˈtuːra, - ˌbɔ-]; born 22 August 1989) is an Italian professional footballer.

Bonaventura started his senior career at Atalanta in the Serie A in 2007; his impressive performances earned him a €7 million transfer to AC Milan in 2014, where he spent six seasons. He then joined Fiorentina in 2020, before leaving Italy to join Saudi club Al-Shabab in 2024.

Bonaventura became a youth international in 2008, first playing for the Italy under-19s and later the under-20s. He made his senior international debut on 31 May 2013, in a friendly match against San Marino.

Italy national under-19 football team
The Italy national under-19 football team is the national under-19 football team of Italy and is controlled by the Italian Football Federation.

The team competes in the UEFA European Under-19 Championship, held every year.
Surabhi Singh
Surabhi Singh (born 1985) is an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh. She is an MLA from Kaimganj Assembly constituency which is reserved for Scheduled Castes in Farrukhabad district. She represents Apna Dal (Soneylal) Party, which is an ally of the Bharatiya Janata Party. She won the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.

Kaimganj Assembly constituency
Kaimganj is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Kaimganj in the Farrukhabad district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Kaimganj is one of five assembly constituencies in the Farrukhabad Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 192 amongst 403 constituencies.
Defterevon Sifnios
Defterevon Sifnios (Greek: Δευτερεύων Σίφνου, 1750 – 1829), also known as Agapios Prokos (Greek: Αγάπιος Πρόκος) and Defterevon of Sifnos.  He was a painter, educator, and monk.  He was from the island Sifnos, one of the Cyclades.  He was one of the few Greek painters not active on the Ionian Islands.  Other Greek painters associated with the Cyclades were Christodoulos Kalergis and Emmanuel Skordilis.  He was affiliated with Mount Athos, another painter at the monastery complex around the same period was Makarios.  Defterevon is a member of the Neo-Hellenikos Diafotismos in art and the Greek Neoclassical and Romantic period.  His work leads Greek painting into the Modern Greek art period.  His works are predominantly on the Cyclades.  The islands are  Serifos, Kimolos, Sifnos, and Kythnos.  According to the Institute of Neohellenic Research, fifty-four of his paintings survived and two frescos.

Sifnos
Sifnos (Greek: Σίφνος) is an island municipality in the Cyclades island group in Greece. The main town, near the center, known as Apollonia (pop. 918 as of 2021), is home of the island's folklore museum and library. The town's name is thought to come from an ancient temple of Apollo on the site of the church of Panayia Yeraniofora.  The second-largest town is Artemonas, thought to be named after an ancient temple of Apollo's sister Artemis, located at the site of the church of Panayia Kokhi.  The village of Kastro, was the capital of the island during ancient times until 1836. It is built on top of a high cliff on the island's east shore and today has extensive medieval remains and is the location of the island's archeological museum. The port settlement, on the west coast of the island is known as Kamares.
CSS Alabama
CSS Alabama was a screw sloop-of-war built in 1862 for the Confederate States Navy. She was built in Birkenhead on the River Mersey opposite Liverpool, England, by John Laird Sons and Company. Launched as Enrica, she was fitted out as a cruiser and commissioned as CSS Alabama on August 24, 1862. Under Captain Raphael Semmes, Alabama served as a successful commerce raider, attacking, capturing, and burning Union merchant and naval ships in the North Atlantic, as well as intercepting American grain ships bound for Europe. The Alabama continued through the West Indies and further into the East Indies, destroying over seven ships before returning to Europe. On June 11, 1864, the Alabama arrived at Cherbourg, France, where she was overhauled.  Shortly after, a Union sloop-of-war, USS Kearsarge, arrived; and on June 19,  the Battle of Cherbourg commenced outside the port of Cherbourg, France, whereby the Kearsarge sank the Alabama in approximately one hour after the Alabama's opening shot.

Commerce raiding
Commerce raiding is a form of naval warfare used to destroy or disrupt logistics of the enemy on the open sea by attacking its merchant shipping, rather than engaging its combatants or enforcing a blockade against them. Privateering is a form of commerce raiding conducted by independent operators.
Han Xianchu
Han Xianchu (Chinese: 韩先楚; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hân Sian-chhó; 1913–1986) was a Chinese general in the People's Liberation Army. He participated in various wars and battles such as Battle of Pingxingguan in the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Liaoshen, Pingjin, Hainan campaigns in the Chinese Civil War and the Korean War. In 1955, he was among the first group of military leaders to be awarded the Shang Jiang (Senior General) rank.

Battle of Hainan Island
The Battle of Hainan Island (simplified Chinese: 海南岛战役; traditional Chinese: 海南島戰役) occurred in 1950, during the final phase of the Chinese Civil War. The People's Republic of China (PRC) conducted an amphibious assault on Hainan Island on 16 April, assisted by the Hainan communist movement which controlled much of the island's interior, while the Republic of China (ROC) controlled the coast; their forces were concentrated in the north near Haikou and were forced to retreat south after the landings. The communists secured Hainan's southern cities by the end of the month and declared victory on 1 May.
Saeed Blacknall
Saeed Raashad Blacknall (born March 17, 1996) is an American coach and former professional football player who was a wide receiver for the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
Timeline of Fauquier County, Virginia, in the American Civil War
Timeline of Fauquier County, Virginia in the Civil War

Fauquier County was the site of many American Civil War battles. These battles included (in order) the First Battle of Rappahannock Station, the Battle of Thoroughfare Gap, the Battle of Kelly's Ford, the Battle of Aldie, the Battle of Middleburg, the Battle of Upperville, the First and Second Battle of Auburn, the Battle of Buckland Mills, and the Second Battle of Rappahannock Station.

Second Battle of Auburn
The Second Battle of Auburn was fought on October 14, 1863, in Fauquier County, Virginia, between Union and Confederate forces in the American Civil War. Confederate forces led by Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell led a sortie to extricate Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry command, trapped between two Union columns and clashed with the rearguard  of the Federal II Corps under Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren. Stuart was successfully extricated but the Federal wagon train avoided Confederate capture in the inconclusive fight.
Gabriel Aubry (racing driver)
Gabriel Aubry (born 3 April 1998) is a French racing driver who last competed in the World Endurance Championship for Vector Sport. He is a stalwart of the LMP2 category, having taken a runner-up spot for Jackie Chan DC Racing in the 2018–19 WEC season before competing in the IMSA SportsCar Championship and the European Le Mans Series.

2018–19 FIA World Endurance Championship
The 2018–19 FIA World Endurance Championship was the seventh season of the FIA World Endurance Championship, an auto racing series co-organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). The series is open to Le Mans Prototypes and grand tourer-style racing cars divided into four categories. The season marked the first move to a winter schedule for the championship, with the season starting at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in May 2018 and concluding at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in June 2019.  World championship titles were awarded for LMP drivers, GTE drivers, LMP1 teams and GTE manufacturers.
Norwood New Town
Norwood New Town is a largely residential, former working-class enclave within the larger district of Upper Norwood in South London. It is within the London Borough of Croydon. In common with the neighbouring districts of West Norwood, South Norwood and Upper Norwood, it is named after the contraction of the Great North Wood, which once occupied this area.

West Norwood
West Norwood is a largely residential area of south London within the London Borough of Lambeth, located 5.4 miles (8.7 km) south south-east of Charing Cross.  The centre of West Norwood sits in a bowl surrounded by hillsides on its east, west and south sides.  From many parts of the area, distant views can be seen, of places such as the City of London, Canary Wharf and Crystal Palace.

West Norwood includes some or all of three wards of the London Borough of Lambeth – Gipsy Hill, Knights Hill and West Dulwich. On Lambeth Council, Gipsy Hill and West Dulwich are represented by two councillors each, whilst Knights Hill is represented by three councillors.
Almaric de St Amand, 1st Baron Saint Amand
Almaric de St. Amand (born 1268 or 1269; died 1310), also known as Amauri de St Amand, Lord of Widehaye was an English noble. He fought in the wars in Gascony and Scotland. He was a signatory of the Baron's Letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301.

Barons' Letter of 1301
The Barons' Letter of 1301 was written by 103 English, Scottish, Norman and Welsh, earls and barons loyal to King Edward I. The letter was addressed to Pope Boniface VIII as a repudiation of his claim of feudal overlordship of Scotland (expressed in the Bull Scimus Fili), and as a defence of the rights of King Edward I of England as overlord of Scotland. The letter survives in two copies, known as A and B, both held in the National Archives at Kew under the reference E 26. Historically they were held amongst the documents in the Exchequer, Treasury of the Receipt department.
Bruce Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape
Admiral of the Fleet Bruce Austin Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape, GCB, KBE (5 February 1888 – 12 February 1981) was a senior Royal Navy officer. He served in the First World War, saw action during the Gallipoli Campaign and took part in the internment of the German High Seas Fleet at the end of the war. He also served in the Second World War initially as Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy and then as second-in-command and afterwards as commander of the Home Fleet, leading the force that destroyed the German battleship Scharnhorst. He went on to be First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff in which role he assisted in establishing NATO and agreed to the principle that the Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic should be an American admiral, in the face of fierce British opposition.

Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)
Admiral of the Fleet (ADMF) is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Royal Navy, formally established in 1688. The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10, equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a marshal of the Royal Air Force.  Apart from honorary appointments, no new admirals of the fleet have been named since 1995, and no honorary appointments have been made since 2014.
Relic of an Emissary
Relic of an Emissary (Chinese: 洪武三十二; literally "Hongwu 32") is a 2011 Hong Kong historical fiction television drama serial produced by TVB.

The 30-episode drama premiered 4 April 2011 on Hong Kong's TVB Jade and TVB HD Jade channels, airing five days a week. Wong Wai-sing, who produced TVB's The Academy trilogy series, serves as the drama's executive producer.

The drama is loosely based on the Jingnan campaign of the Ming Dynasty, a coup d'état that ended the Jianwen Emperor's brief four-year reign over Ming China. The Chinese title of the drama literally means "Hongwu 32", the 32nd year of the Hongwu Emperor's reign.

The Academy (Hong Kong TV series)
The Academy (Traditional Chinese: 學警雄心) is a TVB modern drama series broadcast in June 2005.

The series follows the lives of a group of new Hong Kong Police recruits as they proceed through training at the Hong Kong Police training school (PTS). Within these 27 weeks, each of them learned their lessons, each of them become more mature, each of them become a better person as the relationship between the students and the teachers grows stronger and stronger.

A direct sequel, On the First Beat (學警出更) was produced and broadcast in 2007 continued with Ron Ng and Sammul Chan, alongside Joey Yung, Sonija Kwok and Michael Tao. Another sequel, E.U. (學警狙擊) was produced and released in 2009 continued with Ron Ng and Sammul Chan, alongside Michael Miu, Kathy Chow, Elanne Kong, and Michael Tse. Michael Miu reprises a new role as a triad boss in E.U., which is unrelated to his role in The Academy.
Stipatosteus
Stipatosteus is an extinct genus of phlyctaeniid arthrodire from the Lower Devonian of Belarus. The genus is only known from one species, being S. svidunovitchi from the Lepel Beds. Stipatosteus was the first Phlyctaenioideid to be found in the Devonian of Berlarus with only one other, Valentinaspis, being described since.

Arthrodira
Arthrodira (Greek for "jointed neck") is an order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years and penetrating most marine ecological niches. Arthrodires were the largest and most diverse of all groups of placoderms.
2021 America East Conference women's soccer tournament
The 2021 America East Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the America East Conference held from October 31 through November 7, 2021. The five-match tournament took place at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Stony Brook Seawolves, who were unable to defend their title after not qualifying for the tournament. Vermont won their first tournament in program history after a 1–0 victory in the final.  It was the first victory for eleventh year head coach Kristi Huizenga. As tournament champions, Vermont earned the America East's automatic berth into the 2021 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.

Stony Brook Seawolves
The Stony Brook Seawolves are the intercollegiate athletics teams that represent Stony Brook University (SBU) in Stony Brook, New York. The Seawolves play as members of the Coastal Athletic Association (formerly known as the Colonial Athletic Association), which competes at the NCAA Division I level. Stony Brook had previously been a part of the America East Conference from 2001 to 2022, though has competed in CAA Football since 2013. The university's mascot is Wolfie the Seawolf, and the official colors of the Seawolves are red, grey, and blue.

The Seawolves currently field 18 varsity sports, including football and baseball for men only; softball, swimming and diving, tennis, and volleyball for women only; and basketball, cross country, lacrosse, soccer, and track and field for both genders. The most recent change to Stony Brook's roster of varsity sports was the discontinuation of men's tennis at the end of the 2016–17 school year.
Damien Fitzpatrick
Damien Nicholas Fitzpatrick (born 8 June 1989) is an Australia professional rugby union player of Irish descent. He currently plays for the New South Wales Waratahs in Super Rugby. He was captain of the Sydney Rays team in the National Rugby Championship in 2017 and 2018. His position of choice is Hooker.

New South Wales Waratahs
The New South Wales Waratahs (/ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/;), often referred to as the Waratahs, are an Australian professional rugby union team based in Sydney that represents the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby Pacific competition. The Waratahs play their home games at the new Sydney Football Stadium.
MV Agusta 175 series
The MV Agusta 175 were a series of motorcycles produced by the Italian manufacturer MV Agusta from 1953 to 1960. The series included touring, GT  (Gran Turismo), sports and supersports models. There were also two racing variants. Because of the shape of the petrol tank, the sports and supersport models became known as the Disco Volante (Flying Saucer). The series was MV's best seller.

Touring motorcycle
A touring motorcycle is a type of motorcycle designed for touring. Although almost any motorcycle can be used for this purpose, manufacturers have developed specific models designed to address the particular needs of these riders. Touring motorcycles commonly have large displacement fairings and windshields that offer a high degree of weather and wind protection, large-capacity fuel tanks for long-distance riding, engines with a great deal of low-end horsepower, and a more relaxed, upright seating position than sport bikes.

Particularly in the US, touring motorcycles may be given names such as bagger, full bagger, full dresser, full dress tourer, or dresser. These monikers (often used disparagingly or jocularly) originally applied to cruisers with full sets of saddlebags or panniers such as Harley-Davidsons; but these terms may now refer to any touring motorcycle.
Sima Samar
Sima Samar (Dari: سیما سمر; born 3 February 1957) is a human rights advocate, activist and medical doctor within national and international forums, who served as Vice President of Afghanistan in the interim government of Hamid Karzai Minister for Women's Affairs from December 2001 to 2003.

She is the former Chairperson of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) and, from 2005 to 2009, United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Sudan. In 2012, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for "her longstanding and courageous dedication to human rights, especially the rights of women, in one of the most complex and dangerous regions in the world."

Ministry of Women's Affairs (Afghanistan)
The Afghan Ministry of Women's Affairs (MOWA) (Dari: وزارت امور زنان, Pashto: د ښځو چارو وزارت) was a ministry in the Afghan government which was established in late 2001 by the Afghan Interim Administration.

MOWA was the lead agency for promoting women's rights and advancement in Afghanistan. MOWA had a major shift in its strategy from welfare oriented, direct implementing approach to a policy influencing body by 2002.

The last minister of Women's Affairs, appointed in 2015, was Delbar Nazari.

With the announcement by the newly established Taliban government of the Cabinet of Afghanistan on 7 September 2021, the Ministry of Women's Affairs was dissolved and was replaced by the Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice.
Geranylfarnesol
Geranylfarnesol is a naturally occurring irregular, long-chain, acyclic isoprenoid alcohol. This is a C25 compound, positioned between the ubiquitous C15 farnesol and the C30 triterpenoid squalene in the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. Its chemical formula is C25H42O. Geranylfarnesol has garnered scientific interest primarily due to its role as a key biosynthetic intermediate and its potent biological activity as an inducer of apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Squalene
Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpene with the formula C30H50. It is a colourless oil, although impure samples appear yellow. It was originally obtained from shark liver oil (hence its name, as Squalus is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12% of bodily squalene in humans is found in sebum. Squalene has a role in topical skin lubrication and protection.

Most plants, fungi, and animals produce squalene as biochemical precursor in sterol biosynthesis, including cholesterol and steroid hormones in the human body. It is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hopanoids in many bacteria.

Squalene is an important ingredient in some vaccine adjuvants: The Novartis and GlaxoSmithKline adjuvants are called MF59 and AS03, respectively.