hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nadezhda Bantle
Nadezhda Antonovna Bantle (Russian: Надежда Антоновна Бантле; 1851–1934) was a Belarusian physician. After graduating from the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, she worked as a doctor in Novgorod and Saratov, as well as in Kherson during the Russo-Turkish War. During the late 1870s, Bantle began collaborating with the Narodniks, for which she was arrested and exiled to the Vologda province of the Russian North, where she became the region's first woman doctor. In the small village of Nikolskoye, she took over the local hospital and oversaw the establishment of a smallpox vaccine program and a maternity ward, making it the most advanced hospital in the province. For her efforts, Bantle was awarded the title of Hero of Labour by the Soviet government. After 48 years of working in Nikolskoye, she returned to Belarus, where she died from old age.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Storming of Pleret
The siege and storming of Pleret was a siege and storming that occurred in Pleret during the Java War. It was the first time that Diponegoro didn't avoid a pitched battle and it resulted in Dutch victory.

Diponegoro
Prince Diponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, romanized: Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; later Bendara Raden Mas Antawirya, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November 1785 – 8 January 1855), also known as Dipanegara and Dipa Negara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial rule. The eldest son of the Yogyakarta Sultan Hamengkubuwono III, he played an important role in the Java War between 1825 and 1830. After his defeat and capture, he was exiled to Makassar, where he died at 69 years old.

His five-year struggle against the Dutch control of Java has become celebrated by Indonesians throughout the years, acting as a source of inspiration for the fighters in the Indonesian National Revolution and nationalism in modern-day Indonesia among others. He is a national hero in Indonesia.
Saint-Alexis, Quebec
Saint-Alexis (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿alɛksi]) is a municipality located in Quebec's Lanaudière region, part of the Montcalm Regional County Municipality, Canada.  It was formed by the amalgamation on December 19, 2012, of the former village municipality and the former parish municipality of the same name. Saint-Alexis is generally considered one of the four municipalities of Nouvelle-Acadie.

The name "Saint-Alexis" commemorates Canon Alexis-Frédéric Truteau (1808-1872). The latter was ordained in 1830 and occupied the post of Chancellor of the Bishop of Montreal, Mgr Ignace Bourget, during the creation of the canonical erection of the parish, in 1851. Truteau became famous during the “Guibord case”, when he refused Christian burial to Joseph Guibord following a Roman decree obtained by the bishop condemning the Canadian Institute.

Montcalm Regional County Municipality
Montcalm (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃kalm]) is a regional county municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada. Its seat is Sainte-Julienne.

The population according to the 2021 Canadian Census was 58,680
Baade's Window
Baade's Window is an area of the sky with relatively low amounts of interstellar dust along the line of sight from Earth.  This area is considered an observational "window" as the normally obscured Galactic Center of the Milky Way is visible in this direction. This makes the apparent Large Sagittarius Star Cloud visible.

It is named for astronomer Walter Baade, who first recognized its significance. This area corresponds to one of the brightest visible patches of the Milky Way. It is centered at a galactic longitude (l) of 1.02° and a galactic latitude (b) of -3.92°, which corresponds to a right ascension of 18h 03m 32.14s and a declination of -30d 02m 06.96s, in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius.

Galactic coordinate system
The galactic coordinate system (GCS) is a celestial coordinate system in spherical coordinates, with the Sun as its center, the primary direction aligned with the approximate center of the Milky Way Galaxy, and the fundamental plane parallel to an approximation of the galactic plane but offset to its north. It uses the right-handed convention, meaning that coordinates are positive toward the north and toward the east in the fundamental plane.
Display size
On 2D displays, such as computer monitors and TVs, display size or viewable image size (VIS) refers to the physical size of the area where pictures and videos are displayed. The size of a screen is usually described by the length of its diagonal, which is the distance between opposite corners, typically measured in inches. It is also sometimes called the physical image size to distinguish it from the "logical image size", which describes a screen's display resolution and is measured in pixels.

Display device
A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual or tactile form (the latter used for example in tactile electronic displays for blind people). When the input information that is supplied has an electrical signal the display is called an electronic display.

Common applications for electronic visual displays are television sets or computer monitors.
Operation Firewood
Operation Firewood was a 1987 cross-border military operation conducted by the South African Defence Force (SADF) against the armed wing of SWAPO, the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), during the later phases of the South African Border War.

South African Defence Force
The South African Defence Force (SADF) (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag) comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1957 until 1994. Shortly before the state reconstituted itself as a republic in 1961, the former Union Defence Force was officially succeeded by the SADF, which was established by the Defence Act (No. 44) of 1957. The SADF, in turn, was superseded by the South African National Defence Force in 1994.
Shingo Nishiyama
Shingo Nishiyama (西山 真瑚, Nishiyama Shingo; born January 24, 2002) is a Japanese ice dancer. He and former partner Azusa Tanaka are the 2025 Asian Winter Games bronze medalists and two-time Japanese national silver medalists (2023–24, 2024–25).

With his other former skating partner, Utana Yoshida, he was a two-time Japanese national junior ice dance champion (2019–20, 2020–21) and a 2020 Winter Youth Olympics champion in the team event. He also competed for one season with Ayumi Takanami, winning the bronze medal at the 2021–22 Japan Championships.

2019–20 Japan Figure Skating Championships
The 2019–20 Japan Figure Skating Championships were held in Shibuya, Tokyo from December 18–22, 2019. It was the 88th edition of the event. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The results were part of the Japanese selection criteria for the 2020 World Championships, the 2020 Four Continents Championships, and the 2020 World Junior Championships.
Kreuzberg Group
The Kreuzberg Group is a small range of low mountains in northern Bavaria, Germany, which is named after its highest peak, the Kreuzberg (928 m). The group is part of the Southern High Rhön, which is in turn part of the High Rhön, a mountain region within the East Hesse Highlands. The natural region is drained by the Sinn in the west, the Brend in the east and the Schmalwasserbach and Kellersbach in the south. The mountains form part of the Central Upland range known as the Rhön Mountains.

Sinn (river)
The Sinn (German pronunciation: [zɪn] ⓘ) is a river that flows through the state of Hesse and the Bavarian province of Lower Franconia in southern Germany. It is about 69 kilometres (43 mi) long and is a right, northerly tributary of the Franconian Saale.
Golden Checkerboard
Golden Checkerboard (1965) is a book by Ed Ainsworth about the mid-20th century economic conditions of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of Palm Springs, California and the history of the 99-year lease law, which enabled them to commercially develop tribal-owned lands. It focuses on Indio Superior Court Judge Hilton McCabe, who is described as "The Little White Father of the Indians of Palm Springs" and recalls the steps taken by McCabe to set up conservatorships and leases that would give the tribe investment opportunities and economic self-sufficiency.

The title of the book refers to the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians' reservation checkerboard pattern, originating from land grants to the Southern Pacific Railroad as an incentive to build rail lines through the region,: 29  when President Ulysses S. Grant signed an Executive Order granting "San Bernardino Base and Meridian, Township 4 South, Range 4 East, Section 14" to the Agua Caliente Indians.

Conservatorship
Under U.S. law, a conservatorship results from the appointment of a guardian or a protector by a judge to manage the personal or financial affairs of another person who is incapable of fully managing their own affairs due to age or physical or mental limitations. A person under conservatorship is a "conservatee", a term that can refer to an adult. A person under guardianship is a "ward", a term that can also refer to a minor child. Conservatorship may also apply to corporations and organizations.

The conservator may be only of the "estate" (financial affairs) but may be also of the "person", wherein the conservator takes charge of overseeing the daily activities, such as healthcare or living arrangements of the conservatee. A conservator of the person is more typically called a legal guardian. In 2021, an estimated 1.3 million people in the U.S. were under conservatorship.
Anna Ohmiya
Anna Ohmiya (近江谷 杏菜, Ōmiya Anna; born October 12, 1989 in Kitami) is a Japanese curler from Sapporo, Hokkaido. She is the lead on the FORTIUS curling team, which won the Japan Curling Championships in 2015, 2021 and 2025. She also won the national championship in 2008, 2009 and 2010 as a member of Team Aomori. She competed for Japan at two Olympics; the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada, and the 2026 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. Also at the international level, she has represented Japan at five World Women's Curling Championship (2008, 2010, 2015, 2021, 2025) and six Pacific-Asia Curling Championships in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014 and 2021, winning the gold medal in 2021.

2007 Pacific Curling Championships
The 2007 Pacific Curling Championships were held from November 19 to 24 at the C.S.O. Curling Club in Huairou, Beijing, China.  The top 2 teams in each gender qualified for the 2007 World Curling Championships.
Rodolfo Vieira
Rodolfo Vieira (born September 25, 1989) is a Brazilian submission grappler, mixed martial artist and Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) practitioner.

A four-time Brazilian Jiu Jitsu World Champion, seven-time Abu Dhabi World Pro champion, two-time Pan American and European Champion as well as ADCC Submission Grappling World Champion, Vieira is regarded as one of the best heavyweight BJJ competitors of his generation. His sister is 4 x BJJ World champion Ana Carolina Vieira.

Having transitioned to MMA in 2015, Vieira joined the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2019 where he competes in the middleweight division.

European IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship
The European IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship (also: European Championship or European Open) is the most prestigious and largest Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu tournament held in Europe by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF). The tournament is an open championship accepting competitors from all countries and is considered one of the most important competitions in the lead-up to the Worlds.
Obbligato
In Western classical music, obbligato (Italian pronunciation: [obbliˈɡaːto], also spelled obligato, plural obbligati or obligati) usually describes a musical line that is in some way indispensable in performance. Its opposite is the marking ad libitum. It can also be used, more specifically, to indicate that a passage of music was to be played exactly as written, or only by the specified instrument, without changes or omissions. The word is borrowed from Italian (an adjective meaning mandatory; from Latin obligatus p.p. of obligare, to oblige); the spelling obligato is not acceptable in British English, but it is often used as an alternative spelling in the US. The word can stand on its own, in English, as a noun, or appear as a modifier in a noun phrase (e.g. organ obbligato).

The term has also come to refer to a countermelody.

Ad libitum
In music and other performing arts, the phrase ad libitum (/æd ˈlɪbɪtəm/; Latin for 'at one's pleasure' or 'as you desire'), often shortened to "ad lib" (as an adjective or adverb) or "ad-lib" (as a verb or noun), refers to various forms of improvisation.

The roughly synonymous phrase a bene placito ('in accordance with [one's] good pleasure') is less common but, in its Italian form a piacere, has entered the musical lingua franca (see below).

The phrase "at liberty" is often associated mnemonically (because of the alliteration of the lib- syllable), although it is not the translation (there is no cognation between libitum and liber). Libido is the etymologically closer cognate known in English.

In biology and nutrition, the phrase is used to describe feeding without restriction.
Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980
The Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 (c. 62) is an act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. Most of the act's provisions were merely a consolidation of already existing legislation, and as such subject to little controversy, with the notable exception was section 80, which partially decriminalised private homosexual acts between consenting adults in Scotland.

Subject to the provisions of this section, a homosexual act in private shall not be an offence provided that the parties consent thereto and have attained the age of twenty-one years. — Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980, section 80(1)

The homosexual age of consent fixed by the Act (21) was much higher than the heterosexual age of consent in the United Kingdom, which had been set at 16 since the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885. The ages of consent for homosexual and heterosexual acts in Scotland were eventually equalised twenty years later with the passage of the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000.

Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000
The Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000 (c. 44) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  It set the age of consent for male homosexual sexual activities and for heterosexual anal sex at 16 (17 in Northern Ireland), which had long been the age of consent for all other types of sexual activities, such as vaginal sex or lesbian sex. As such, it made the age of consent for all types of sexual acts equal, without discriminating on the basis of the type of act or of the sexes of those involved in the act. It also introduced the new offence of 'having sexual intercourse or engaging in any other sexual activity with a person under 18 if in a position of trust in relation to that person'.
Cholmondeley Islet
Cholmondeley Islet (/ˈtʃʌmli/ CHUM-lee) is a small island in the Boydong cays Shelburne Bay in far north Queensland, Australia about 105 km north of Cape Grenville, Cape York Peninsula in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Queensland, Australia.

It is a part of the East Islands group about 30 km northeast of Captain Billy Landing.

11°22′26″S 143°03′29″E﻿ / ﻿11.374°S 143.058°E﻿ / -11.374; 143.058

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park protects a large part of Australia's Great Barrier Reef from damaging activities. It is a vast multiple-use Marine Park which supports a wide range of uses, including commercial marine tourism, fishing, ports and shipping, recreation, scientific research and Indigenous traditional use. Fishing and the removal of artefacts or wildlife (fish, coral, seashells, etc.) is strictly regulated, and commercial shipping traffic must stick to certain specific defined shipping routes that avoid the most sensitive areas of the park. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest and best known coral reef ecosystem in the world. Its reefs, almost 3000 in total, represent about 10 per cent of all the coral reef areas in the world. It supports an amazing variety of biodiversity, providing a home to thousands of coral and other invertebrate species, bony fish, sharks, rays, marine mammals, marine turtles, sea snakes, as well as algae and other marine plants.
Bishop Hafey High School
Bishop Hafey High School was a Roman Catholic high school of the Diocese of Scranton, located in Hazleton, Pennsylvania.  By order of Bishop Martino, the high school was closed in June 2007. The school's mascot was the Viking. The school's colors were gold and white.

Joseph Martino
Joseph Francis Martino (born May 1, 1946) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as bishop of the Diocese of Scranton in Pennsylvania from 2003 to 2009.  He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia from 1996 to 2003.
Television in the Cook Islands
Television in the Cook Islands was introduced in 1989. For over 20 years, Cook Islands Television, formerly a government-owned company, held a virtual television monopoly. This was broken in 2010 with the launch of Vaka Television. There is no pan-national TV channel, as CITV ruled out satellite equipment for its signal due to prohibitive costs. Pay TV services are also available.

Vaka Television
Vaka Television, better known as Vaka TV, is a private television network in the Cook Islands. As of 2025, it operates a multi-channel network of four channels, which includes channels available for rental to individual groups. The main channel, Vaka TV, is the former analogue service; Vaka TV 2 broadcasts PacificAus TV's output and Vaka TV 3 is a sports channel.
Liénard equation
In mathematics, more specifically in the study of dynamical systems and differential equations, a Liénard equation is a type of second-order ordinary differential equation named after the French physicist Alfred-Marie Liénard.

During the development of radio and vacuum tube technology, Liénard equations were intensely studied as they can be used to model oscillating circuits. Under certain additional assumptions Liénard's theorem guarantees the uniqueness and existence of a limit cycle for such a system. A Liénard system with piecewise-linear functions can also contain homoclinic orbits.

Limit cycle
In mathematics, in the study of dynamical systems with two-dimensional phase space, a limit cycle is a closed trajectory in phase space having the property that at least one other trajectory spirals into it either as time approaches infinity or as time approaches negative infinity. Such behavior is exhibited in some nonlinear systems. Limit cycles have been used to model the behavior of many real-world oscillatory systems.   The study of limit cycles was initiated by Henri Poincaré (1854–1912).
Nardoni
Nardoni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandre Nardoni (born 1978), Brazilian convicted murderer

Juan Nardoni (born 2002), Argentine footballer

Mauro Nardoni (born 1945), Italian footballer

Christopher Nardoni (born 1923), noble and aristocrat

Isabella Nardoni (born 2002), Brazilian murder victim

Murder of Isabella Nardoni
The murder of Isabella de Oliveira Nardoni was a widely publicized infanticide case in Brazil. On the night of 29 March 2008, five-year-old Isabella died from severe injuries after being thrown from the sixth floor of a building in North São Paulo, where her father, Alexandre Alves Nardoni, her stepmother, Anna Carolina Trotta Peixoto Jatobá, and her newborn half-siblings lived. Investigations concluded that Isabella had been physically abused by her father and stepmother, and both were convicted of intentional homicide.

The case received extensive media coverage in Brazil, with continuous reporting across major outlets. A survey indicated that more than 98% of Brazilians were aware of her death, the highest percentage ever recorded in Brazilian media coverage research.
Mahādvāra Nikāya
Dhammānudhamma Mahādvāra Nikāya Gaing (Burmese: ဓမ္မာနုဓမ္မမဟာဒွါရနိကာယဂိုဏ်း, also known as Mahā Dwāya Gaing or Mahādvāra Nikāya, is a monastic order of monks in Myanmar (Burma), primarily in Lower Myanmar. This order is very conservative with respect to Vinaya regulations. It is one of the nine legally sanctioned monastic orders in the country, under the 1990 Law Concerning Sangha Organizations.

Lower Myanmar
Lower Myanmar (Burmese: အောက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Lower Burma) is a geographic region of Myanmar and includes the low-lying Irrawaddy Delta (Ayeyarwady, Bago and Yangon Regions), as well as coastal regions of the country (Rakhine, Kayin and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region).

In the Burmese language, people originating from Upper Myanmar are typically called a-nya-tha for men and a-nya-thu for women, whereas those from Lower Myanmar are called auk tha (အောက်သား) for men and auk thu for women.

Green represents Upper Myanmar and Yellow represents Lower Myanmar
Col d'Allos
Col d'Allos (elevation 2,250 m (7,380 ft)) is a high mountain pass in the Alps in the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence in France. It connects Barcelonnette in the Ubaye Valley and Colmars.

It lies parallel to the Col de la Cayolle and Col de la Bonette west of the Parc National du Mercantour. The source of the Verdon River is near the pass.

Between 1911 and 1939, the Col d'Allos barely missed a year in the Tour de France (one of the most popular cols). François Faber was the first rider to cross the pass in 1911 and since then, it has been part of the route 33 times. It was last part of the 2000 Tour, (13th stage) when Pascal Hervé was the first to summit, in 2015 the mountain was again visited by Tour de France at Stage 17 this was won by Simon Geschke. Currently closed due to road works!! Planning is to open before summer 2025.

Barcelonnette
Barcelonnette (French pronunciation: [baʁsəlɔnɛt] ⓘ; Occitan: Barciloneta de Provença, also Barcilona; obsolete Italian: Barcellonetta) is a commune of France and a subprefecture in the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It is located in the southern French Alps, at the crossroads between Provence, Piedmont and the Dauphiné, and is the largest town in the Ubaye Valley. The town's inhabitants are known as Barcelonnettes.
New Farm State School
New Farm State School is a heritage-listed state school on the corner of James & Heal Streets, New Farm, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Department of Public Works (Queensland) and built from 1901 to 1939. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 April 2017.

Department of Housing and Public Works
The Department of Housing and Public Works is a ministerial department within the Queensland Government, tasked with providing housing, sport, digital technology, and urban design and architecture services Both Smart Service Queensland (SSQ) and Queensland Shared Services (QSS) sit within Housing and Public Works, providing whole-of-government services including HR, payroll, procurement, infrastructure, and state-wide contact centre solutions.

The department was previously called the Department of Housing, Local Government, Planning and Public Works prior to the November 2024 machinery of government changes.