hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Porta Asinaria
The Porta Asinaria is a gate in the Aurelian Walls of Rome. Dominated by two protruding tower blocks and associated guard rooms, it was built between 271 and 275 AD, at the same time as the Wall itself. Unlike most of the other gates, it was not rebuilt or fortified by Honorius or restored by Theodoric.

It is through this gate that East Roman troops under General Belisarius entered the city in 536, reclaiming the city for the Byzantine Empire from the Ostrogoths.

By the 16th century it had become overwhelmed by traffic. A new breach in the walls was made nearby to create the Porta San Giovanni. At this point, the Porta Asinaria was closed to traffic.

Aurelian Walls
The Aurelian Walls (Italian: Mura aureliane) are a line of city walls built between 271 AD and 275 AD in Rome, Italy, during the reign of the Roman Emperor Aurelian. They superseded the earlier Servian Wall built during the 4th century BC.

The walls enclosed all the seven hills of Rome plus the Campus Martius and, on the right bank of the Tiber, the Trastevere district. The river banks within the city limits appear to have been left unfortified, although they were fortified along the Campus Martius. The size of the entire enclosed area is 1,400 hectares (3,500 acres). The wall cut through populated areas: in reality the city at the time embraced 2,400 hectares (5,900 acres). Pliny the Elder in the first century AD suggested that the densely populated areas, extrema tectorum ("the limits of the roofed areas") extended 2.8 kilometres (1.7 mi) from the Golden Milestone in the Forum (Natural History 3.67).
Liberato (album)
Liberato is the debut studio album by Italian singer Liberato. It was released on 9 May 2019. It contains five previously released singles, five new tracks and an acoustic cover of the single "Gaiola portafortuna".

Liberato (singer)
Liberato (Neapolitan: [libeˈrɑːtə], Italian: [libeˈraːto]) is an Italian singer and songwriter whose identity is unknown.
The main language of his lyrics is Neapolitan, although he tends to include words or entire sentences in Italian, English, French and Spanish.
2014–15 Sultan Qaboos Cup
The 2014–15 Sultan Qaboos Cup was the 42nd edition of the Sultan Qaboos Cup (Arabic: كأس السلطان قابوس), the premier knockout tournament for football teams in Oman.

The competition began on 9 October 2014 with the qualification round. Fanja SC were the defending champions, having won their ninth title in 2014. On Friday, 22 May 2015, Al-Oruba SC were crowned the champions of the 2014–15 Sultan Qaboos Cup when they defeated fierce domestic rivals Sur SC 2-0, hence winning the title for the fourth time.

Sultan Qaboos Cup
The Sultan Qaboos Cup (Arabic: كأس السلطان قابوس), also known as the HM's Cup, is Oman's premier knockout tournament for men's football. It was officially founded in 1972 and the champions of that first edition were Al-Ahli. It was briefly known as Oman Cup. The most successful club in the Cup competition is Dhofar with a total of eleven titles to their name, with the latest win at the 2023–24 season.
Shlomo Gur
Shlomo Gur (Gerzovsky) (Hebrew: שלמה גור; 1913–2000), founding member of Kibbutz Tel Amal, designed and managed the construction of 57 homa u'migal (tower and stockade settlements) during the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine. After the establishment of the State of Israel, he was project manager of the Hebrew University, the National Library and the Knesset.

In summer 1936, the expanding Arab revolt endangered the Jewish population of Beit She'an Valley. Concerned with safety and security, Shlomo Gur and other members of Kibbutz Tel Amal built the first homa u'migal settlement. Subsequently, Shlomo Gur consulted Jerusalem architect Yohanan Ratner and was provided with blueprints for the other settlements.

Shlomo Gur was the first director of Israel's Military research department.

Tower and Stockade
Tower and Stockade (Hebrew: חוֹמָה וּמִגְדָּל, romanized: Ḥoma u'migdal, lit. 'wall and tower') was a settlement method used by Zionist settlers in Mandatory Palestine during the 1936–39 Arab Revolt. The establishment of new Jewish settlements was legally restricted by the Mandatory authorities, but the British generally gave their tacit accord to the Tower and Stockade actions as a means of countering Arab rioters. During the course of the Tower and Stockade campaign, some 57 Jewish settlements including 52 kibbutzim and several moshavim were established throughout the country. The legal base was a Turkish Ottoman law that was still in effect during the Mandate period, which stated that buildings erected in one night didn't require a building permit and couldn't be demolished by authorities.
S v Nkondo
In S v Nkondo (2000), an important case in South African criminal procedure, Nkondo had appeared before a regional court and was convicted of rape and robbery. The case was then sent to the high court for sentencing where it was held that N had not been thoroughly apprised of his right to legal representation and had elected to appear in person.

The court held that when courts explain the right to legal representation to accused persons and an accused person facing a serious charge elects to remain unrepresented, the magistrate should ask the accused why he or she wanted to appear in person and if it appeared that the accused was under some or other misunderstanding that has to be put right.

The High Court set aside the convictions of robbery and rape and remitted the matter to the regional court in order that the matter could be re-tried.

Criminal procedure in South Africa
Criminal procedure in South Africa refers to the adjudication process of that country's criminal law. It forms part of procedural or adjectival law, and describes the means by which its substantive counterpart, South African criminal law, is applied. It has its basis mainly in English law.
Chełmno Voivodeship
The Chełmno Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo chełmińskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland since 1454/1466 until the Partitions of Poland in 1772/1793. Its capital was at Chełmno.

Together with the Pomeranian and Malbork Voivodeships and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia it formed the province of Royal Prussia, and with several other voivodeships it formed the Greater Poland Province.

Kowalewo Pomorskie
Kowalewo Pomorskie [kɔvaˈlɛvɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] is a town in north-central Poland, in Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the capital of the Gmina Kowalewo Pomorskie.

According to data from December 31, 2004, Kowalewo Pomorskie had 4,130 inhabitants.
The Nameless One (song)
"The Nameless One" is the debut solo single from former Transvision Vamp lead singer Wendy James. It was released in the first quarter of 1993 as the lead single from James' debut solo album Now Ain't the Time for Your Tears. Written by Elvis Costello, the song marked a more alternative direction in sound, slightly different from the pop/rock stylings of Transvision Vamp. The single met with limited success, only peaking at number thirty-four on the UK Singles Chart and spending just three weeks in the top one-hundred.

Wendy James
Wendy Patricia James (born 21 January 1966) is an English singer and songwriter most notable as the lead singer of the pop rock band Transvision Vamp, and for her collaborations with Elvis Costello, James Williamson from Iggy and the Stooges, Lenny Kaye from the Patti Smith Group and James Sclavunos from Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. She has released 10 albums from 1988 until 2024.
Ion Horațiu Crișan
Ion Horaţiu Crişan (1928–1994) was a Romanian historian and archaeologist. He conducted research in South-Eastern and Central Europe, focusing on Geto-Dacians and Celts.

He has been was very involved with the research at the archaeological site called Şanţul Mare (The Big Ditch), 7 km from Pecica, Arad County, Romania. He placed the Dacian settlement Ziridava, mentioned by Ptolemy in his Geographia, at this location with a high degree of certainty. He wrote a book named Ziridava - The digs from "Șanțul Mare" from 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, focused on the archaeological digs performed in 1960s at this ancient city.

Dacians
The Dacians (/ˈdeɪ.ʃən/, DAY-shən; Latin: Daci [ˈdaːkiː]; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, Δάοι, Δάκαι) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often considered a subgroup of the Thracians. This area includes mainly the present-day countries of Romania and Moldova, as well as parts of Ukraine, Eastern Serbia, Northern Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary and Southern Poland. The Dacians and the related Getae spoke the Dacian language, which has a debated relationship with the neighbouring Thracian language and may be a subgroup of it. Dacians were somewhat culturally influenced by the neighbouring Scythians and by the Celtic invaders of the 4th century BC.
Bellamy Mansion
The Bellamy Mansion, built between 1859 and 1861,  is a mixture of Neoclassical architectural styles, including Greek Revival and Italianate, and is located at 503 Market Street in the heart of  downtown Wilmington, North Carolina. It is one of North Carolina’s finest examples of historic antebellum architecture.  It is a contributing building in the Wilmington Historic District.

William B. Gould
William Benjamin Gould Sr. (November 18, 1837 – May 25, 1923)  was a former enslaved person and veteran of the American Civil War, serving in the U.S. Navy. His diary is one of only a few written during the Civil War by a formerly enslaved person that  has survived, and the only one by a formerly enslaved sailor. The story of his life has been chronicled by his great-grandson in his book Diary of a Contraband:The Civil War Passage of a Black Sailor (2002) which annotates the diary and includes five additional chapters on the life and accomplishments of Gould.
La Nation française
La Nation française ("The French Nation") was a French monarchist weekly magazine influenced by Charles Maurras, the founder of the Action française movement. It was founded in 1955 as an offshoot of Aspects de la France, another monarchist review founded in June 1947 by Maurice Pujo and Georges Calzant, former members of the Action Française who continued to support the nationalist monarchist current. Directed by journalist Pierre Boutang, others writers include: Jean de La Varende, Antoine Blondin, Roger Nimier, Philippe Ariès or Gabriel Matzneff. La Nation française supported Henri of Orléans, "count of Paris." After having defended French Algeria during the Algerian War (1954–62), it dissolved itself, on disagreements in particular concerning Boutang's "compromission" with Charles de Gaulle. The magazine ceased publication in 1967.

Philippe Ariès
Philippe Ariès (French: [filip aʁjɛs]; 21 July 1914 – 8 February 1984) was a French medievalist and historian of the family and childhood, in the style of Georges Duby. He wrote many books on common daily life. His most prominent works concerned the change in western attitudes towards death.
Sudbury Town tube station
Sudbury Town (/ˈsʌdbəri/) is a London Underground station. It is located on the border between the London Boroughs of Brent and Ealing, with its main entrance on Station Approach in Sudbury. The station is on the Uxbridge branch of the Piccadilly line, between Sudbury Hill and Alperton stations. The forecourt of the station is known as Station Crescent. The station serves Sudbury, which forms the western part of Wembley. It is in London fare zone 4.

Sudbury & Harrow Road National Rail station is located around 350 metres to the north, while Wembley Central station is around 1 km to the east.

London Borough of Brent
Brent (/brɛnt/ ⓘ) is a borough in west and north-west London, England; it forms part of Outer London. It is known for landmarks such as Wembley Stadium, the Swaminarayan Temple and the Kiln Theatre. It also contains the Welsh Harp reservoir and the Park Royal commercial estate. The local authority is Brent London Borough Council.

Brent's population was estimated to be 339,800 as at 2021. Major districts are Kenton, Kilburn, Willesden, Wembley and Harlesden, with sub-districts Stonebridge, Kingsbury, Kensal Green, Neasden, and Queen's Park. Brent has a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land. It includes many districts of inner-city character in the east and a more distinct suburban character in the west, part of which formed part of the early 20th century Metroland developments.
Live at Roseland Ballroom
Live at Roseland Ballroom is the first live album by American jam band Gov't Mule. It was taken from their performance on New Year's Eve 1995, opening for Blues Traveler. It was recorded at the Roseland Ballroom in Manhattan, New York City.

The album was out of print for over a decade and used CD copies sold for over US$30 on Amazon.com at one point. The album was reissued in 2007 on Evil Teen Records, the record label of Warren Haynes and his wife/manager Stephanie Scarmado. The reissue featured a cover of "Voodoo Chile" recorded after the death of bassist Allen Woody. In the reissue's liner notes, Haynes relates that he chose to include this track, rather than a track featuring the original lineup with Woody, due to the audio quality of the recordings available to him at the time.

Gov't Mule
Gov't Mule (pronounced "Government Mule") is an American Southern rock jam band, formed in 1994 by guitarist Warren Haynes, bassist Allen Woody (both of The Allman Brothers Band at the time) and drummer Matt Abts (whom Haynes had worked with in the Dickey Betts Band.)

The band released their debut album, Gov't Mule in 1995, and have since released nine studio albums, plus numerous EPs and live releases.
Jim Cunningham (politician)
James Dolan Cunningham (born 4 February 1941) is a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.  He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Coventry South, previously Coventry South East, from 1992 to 2019.

Coventry South
Coventry South is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Zarah Sultana, representing the Labour Party until her suspension and whip withdrawal on 23 July 2024 for voting against the two-child benefit cap. She resigned her party membership in June 2025 and joined Your Party in November 2025.
Stephanie Freid-Perenchio
Stephanie Freid-Perenchio is an independent documentary photographer known for her work highlighting humanitarian causes and wartime. She is best known for her documentary work on the Navy SEALs, both in her publication SEAL: The Unspoken Sacrifice and subsequent work.  Her work has been exhibited at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library and 
the Sun Valley Center for the Arts.

Pritzker Military Museum & Library
The Pritzker Military Museum & Library (formerly Pritzker Military Library) is a non-profit museum and research library for the study of military history located in a state-of-the art facility in Kenosha, WI. The institution was founded in 2003, and its specialist collections include material relating to Winston Churchill and war-related sheet music.
Lipskya
Lipskya is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. It only contains one known species, Lipskya insignis. It is also in tribe Pyramidoptereae.

Its native range is Central Asia. It is found in the countries of Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

The genus name of Lipskya is in honour of Vladimir Lipsky (1863–1937), a Ukrainian scientist, botanist as well as a member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (in 1922–1928, its President) and corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the Director of the Botanical Gardens of the Odessa University. The Latin specific epithet of insignis means significant.
Both genus and species were first described and published in Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Series 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. Vol.4 on pages 271-272 in 1937.

Vladimir Lipsky
Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky or Volodymyr Ipolytovych Lypsky (Russian: Владимир Ипполитович Липский; Ukrainian: Володимир Іполитович Липський; 11 March 1863 – 24 February 1937) was a Ukrainian scientist, botanist; a member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (in 1922–1928, its president) and corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the director of the Botanical Gardens of the Odessa University.
In Thugz We Trust
In Thugz We Trust is the debut collaboration album by American rappers C-Bo and Yukmouth (together known as the supergroup Thug Lordz). The album was released March 30, 2004, on West Coast Mafia Records and Smoke-A-Lot Records. It peaked at number 63 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and at number 47 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers. The album features guest performances by Silverback Guerillaz, Eastwood, Killa Tay and also Spice 1, who would later join the group on their second album, Thug Lordz Trilogy.

Smoke-a-Lot Records
Smoke-a-Lot Records, distributed by Rap-a-Lot Records, is a record label founded and owned by rapper Yukmouth and manager Kat Gaynor. The name comes from Yukmouth's Luniz nickname, "Smoke-a-Lot". The label itself is home to artists including Luniz, Dru Down, Thug Lordz (Yukmouth & C-Bo), The Regime, and Yukmouth himself. It is also home to newcomers Ampichino, Nyce, Young Dru, and Marc Shyst.  Attached to the label as in-house DJ is former Cali Untouchable DJ, DJ Fingaz.
Northeast Coast campaign (1750)
The Northeast Coast campaign of 1750  occurred during Father Le Loutre's War from 11 September to December 1750. The Norridgewock as well as the Abenaki from St. Francois and Trois-Rivières, Quebec raided British settlements along the Acadia/ New England border in present-day Maine.

Abenaki
The Abenaki (Abenaki: Wôbanaki) are an Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands of Canada and the United States. They are an Algonquian-speaking people and part of the Wabanaki Confederacy. The Eastern Abenaki language was predominantly spoken in Maine, while the Western Abenaki language was spoken in Quebec, Vermont, and New Hampshire.

While Abenaki peoples share cultural traits, they historically did not have a centralized government. They came together as a post-contact community after their original tribes were decimated by colonization, disease, and warfare.
Elliott J. Clawson
Elliott J. Clawson (January 19, 1883 – July 21, 1942) was an American screenwriter. He wrote for more than 80 films between 1913 and 1929. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, and died in Vista, California. At the 2nd Academy Awards in 1930, four of his films were nominated for Best Writing: The Cop, Sal of Singapore, Skyscraper, and The Leatherneck.

Sal of Singapore
Sal of Singapore is a 1928 American sound part-talkie drama film directed by Howard Higgin. In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles. The film's sets were designed by the art director Edward C. Jewell. Complete prints of the film exist.

At the 2nd Academy Awards in 1930, Elliott J. Clawson was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Writing (Adapted Screenplay).
Talent Associates
Talent Associates, Ltd. (also known as Talent Associates-Paramount, Ltd. and Talent Associates-Norton Simon, Inc.), was a production company headed by David Susskind, later joined by Daniel Melnick, Leonard Stern and Ron Gilbert.

Daniel Melnick
Daniel Melnick (April 21, 1932 – October 13, 2009) was an American film producer. He began his career in Hollywood as a teenager in television and later became the producer of such films as All That Jazz, Altered States and Straw Dogs. Melnick's films won more than 20 Academy Awards out of some 80 nominations.
Wojkowiec
Wojkowiec [vɔi̯ˈkɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chęciny, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south of Chęciny and 19 km (12 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Chęciny
Gmina Chęciny is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Chęciny, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 127.57 square kilometres (49.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 14,715 (out of which the population of Chęciny amounts to 4,252, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 10,463).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Chęciny-Kielce Landscape Park.
Ajantrik
Ajantrik (known internationally as The Unmechanical, The Mechanical Man or The Pathetic Fallacy) is a 1958 Indian Bengali film written and directed by revered parallel filmmaker Ritwik Ghatak. The film is adapted from a Bengali short story of the same name written by Subodh Ghosh.

A comedy-drama film, Ajantrik is one of the earliest Indian films to portray an inanimate object, in this case an automobile, as a character in the story. It achieves this through the use of sounds recorded post-production to emphasize the car's bodily functions and movements.

The film was considered for a special entry in the Venice Film Festival in 1959.

Parallel cinema
Parallel cinema, or New Indian Cinema, is a film movement in Indian cinema that originated in the state of West Bengal in the 1950s as an alternative to the mainstream commercial Indian cinema.

Inspired by Italian Neorealism, Parallel Cinema began just before the French New Wave and Japanese New Wave, and was a precursor to the Indian New Wave of the 1960s. The movement was initially led by Bengali cinema and produced internationally acclaimed filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Ritwik Ghatak, Tapan Sinha and others. It later gained prominence in other film industries of India.

It is known for its serious content, realism and naturalism, symbolic elements with a keen eye on the sociopolitical climate of the times, and the general rejection of inserted song-and-dance routines that are typical of mainstream Indian films.
Xiangyun County
Xiangyun County (simplified Chinese: 祥云县; traditional Chinese: 祥雲縣; pinyin: Xiángyún Xiàn; Bai: Piel-dant) is a county in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in the west-central part of Yunnan province, China. It borders Dayao County, Yao'an County and Nanhua County to the east, Midu County to the south, Dali City to the west, and Binchuan County to the north.

Dayao County
Dayao County (simplified Chinese: 大姚县; traditional Chinese: 大姚縣; pinyin: Dàyáo Xiàn; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA：/di33 ʑi33 bu33/) is a county of northwestern Yunnan province, People's Republic of China, under the administration of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture.
Perennial candidate
A perennial candidate is a term for a political candidate who frequently runs for elected office and rarely, if ever, wins. Perennial candidates are most common where there is no limit on the number of times that a person can run for office and little cost to register as a candidate.

Candidate
A candidate, or nominee, is a prospective recipient of an award or honor, or a person seeking or being considered for some kind of position. For example, one can be a candidate for membership in a group or election to an office, in which case a candidate selection occurs.

"Nomination" is part of the process of selecting a candidate for either election to an office by a political party, or the bestowing of an honor or award. This person is called a "nominee", though "nominee" is often used interchangeably with "candidate". A presumptive nominee is a person or organization whose nomination is considered inevitable or highly likely. The phenomenon of being a candidate in a race for either a party nomination or for electoral office is called "candidacy". The term "presumptive candidate" may be used to describe someone who is predicted to be a formal candidate.