hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jawad Rafique Malik
Jawad Rafique Malik (Urdu: جواد رفیق ملک) is a retired officer of Pakistani civil service, PAS.Who served in BPS-22 grade as Chief Secretary Punjab and Federal Secretary of the Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit-Baltistan Division. Hailing from Lahore, Malik belongs to the Pakistan Administrative Service and is batchmates with Fawad Hasan Fawad, Rizwan Ahmed, Sikandar Sultan Raja and Shoaib Mir Memon.

Sikandar Sultan Raja
Sikandar Sultan Raja is a retired Pakistani civil servant who is the current Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan since January 2020. He is the son-in-law of the former Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of Pakistan and Chief Secretary Sindh Saeed Mehdi. As a civil servant, Raja belonged to the Pakistan Administrative Service.

Raja retired from civil service in BPS-22 grade in 2019, having worked in senior bureaucratic positions such as the Railways Secretary, Petroleum Secretary, SAFRON Secretary, Federal Secretary Aviation and Chief Secretary of both Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Raja was appointed as the chief election commissioner by President Arif Alvi in January 2020. His tenure as chief election commissioner ended in 8 January 2025, however he has continued to server the position as a caretaker, until the appointment of his successor.
Marty Jackley
Martin Jacob Jackley (born October 13, 1970) is an American attorney and politician who is serving as the Attorney General of South Dakota since 2023, having previously served from 2009 to 2019. He assumed office as Attorney General again in 2023 after winning the 2022 election unopposed. He previously served as the 39th United States Attorney for the District of South Dakota.  He ran unsuccessfully for Governor of South Dakota in 2018, losing the Republican primary to Kristi Noem.

United States District Court for the District of South Dakota
The United States District Court for the District of South Dakota (in case citations, D.S.D.) is the United States District Court or the Federal district court, whose jurisdiction for issues pertaining to federal law or diversity for the state of South Dakota.  The court is based in Sioux Falls with other courthouses in Rapid City, Pierre, and Aberdeen.  The district was created in 1889, when the Dakota Territory was divided into North and South Dakota.

Appeals from the District of South Dakota are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of South Dakota represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of April 22, 2022 the  United States Attorney for the District of South Dakota is Allison J. Ramsdell.
Mustafa Râkim
Mustafa Râkim (Ottoman Turkish: مصطفى رآقم; Modern Turkish: Mustafa Râkım) (1757–1826), was an Ottoman calligrapher. He extended and reformed Hâfiz Osman's style, placing greater emphasis on technical perfection, which broadened the calligraphic art to encompass the Sülüs script as well as the Nesih script.

Hâfiz Osman
Hâfiz Osman (Ottoman Turkish: حافظ عثمان Modern Turkish: Hâfız Osman) (1642–1698) was an Ottoman calligrapher noted for improving the script and for developing a layout template for the hilye which became the classical approach to page design.
25th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Hunyadi (1st Hungarian)
The 25th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS "Hunyadi" (1st Hungarian) was a short-lived infantry division of the Waffen-SS, an armed branch of the German Nazi Party that served alongside but was never formally part of the Wehrmacht during World War II. Established in November 1944 following the German overthrow of the Hungarian regime of Miklós Horthy, it consisted mainly of troops drawn from the Royal Hungarian Army's 13th Honvéd Division. It was never properly formed, trained, or equipped, and after being evacuated from its training camp in the face of the advancing Soviet Red Army, it surrendered to the United States Army in Austria in May 1945.

Royal Hungarian Army
The Royal Hungarian Army (Hungarian: Magyar Királyi Honvédség, German: Königlich Ungarische Armee) was the name given to the land forces of the Kingdom of Hungary in the period from 1922 to 1945. Its name was inherited from the Royal Hungarian Honvéd which went under the same Hungarian title of Magyar Királyi Honvédség from 1867 to 1918. Initially restricted by the Treaty of Trianon to 35,000 men, the army was steadily upgraded during the 1930s and fought on the side of the Axis powers during World War II.
Abbas Amir-Entezam
Abbas Amir-Entezam (Persian: عباس امیرانتظام, 18 August 1932 – 12 July 2018) was an Iranian politician who served as deputy prime minister in the Interim Cabinet of Mehdi Bazargan in 1979. In 1981 he was sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of spying for the U.S., a charge critics suggest was a cover for retaliation against his early opposition to theocratic government in Iran. He was "the longest-held political prisoner in the Islamic Republic of Iran". According to Fariba Amini, as of 2006, he had "been in jail for 17 years." In July 2018, he died while serving his life sentence, serving more than 38 years as a political prisoner.

Mehdi Bazargan
Mehdi Bazargan (Persian: مهدی بازرگان; 1 September 1907 – 20 January 1995) was an Iranian scholar, academic, long-time pro-democracy activist and head of Iran's interim government.

One of the leading figures of Iranian Revolution of 1979, he was appointed prime minister in February 1979 by Ayatollah Khomeini, making him Iran's first prime minister after the revolution. He resigned his position in November of the same year, in protest at the takeover of the U.S. Embassy in Iran and as an acknowledgement of his government's failure in preventing it.

He was the head of the first engineering department of University of Tehran.
KKDD
KKDD (1290 AM) is a radio station in San Bernardino, California. The station is owned by Relevant Radio, Inc. It airs a Catholic talk format for the Inland Empire region of Southern California including Riverside and San Bernardino.

Relevant Radio
Relevant Radio (corporate name Relevant Radio, Inc.) is a radio network in the United States, mainly broadcasting talk radio and religious programming involving the Catholic Church. Relevant Radio broadcasts "talk radio for Catholic life" over a network of 205 stations. Relevant Radio owns and operates 132 stations, and distributes programs to an additional 73 affiliates.

Relevant Radio is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization headquartered in Lincolnshire, Illinois, with additional studios in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

The network airs a variety of programming aimed at Catholics and others interested in the Catholic Church.
Peebles Railway
The Peebles Railway was a railway company that built a line connecting the town of Peebles in Peeblesshire, Scotland, with Edinburgh. It opened on 4 July 1855, and it worked its own trains.

The friendly North British Railway later promoted a line, at first identified as the Galashiels, Innerleithen and Peebles Railway, from Peebles to Galashiels, making a connection with the Peebles Railway there, and also with the Caledonian Railway which had its own line at Peebles. The GI&PR line was built by the North British Railway and opened on 1 October 1864.

In 1860 the Peebles Railway company leased its line to the North British Railway, which operated the Galashiels and Edinburgh sections as a continuous through route.

Road transport of goods and passengers provided fierce competition in the 1950s and the line closed in 1962.  No railway use is now made of the former lines.

Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway (CR) was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was formed in 1845 with the objective of forming a link between English railways and Glasgow. It progressively extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen, with a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Many of its principal routes are still used, and the original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is in use as part of the West Coast Main Line railway (with a modified entry into Glasgow itself).
Suncheon Junction
Suncheon Junction (Korean: 순천 분기점; Hanja: 順天分岐點), shortly Suncheon JC, is a junction located in Seo-myeon, Suncheon, South Jeolla, South Korea. Namhae Expressway (No. 10) and Suncheon–Wanju Expressway (No. 27) meet here. The type of junction is deleted turbine.

Suncheon
Suncheon (Korean: 순천; Korean pronunciation: [sʰun.tɕʰʌn]) is the largest city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea, with a population of 280,719 as of 2022. It is located in the southeast of the province and is a scenic agricultural and industrial city, known for tourist attractions, such as Suncheon Bay. The port city of Yeosu is around forty minutes south of Suncheon and Gwangyang twenty minutes to the east of the city.

It is currently experiencing strong development due to being included as part of the Gwangyang Bay Free Economic Zone, one of three newly created Free Economic Zones (FEZs) in South Korea due to open within the next decade. As of October 14, 2007 plans are being set up and a referendum is being planned for a merging of the cities of Yeosu, Suncheon and Gwangyang into a new metropolitan city, taking advantage of the Gwangyang Bay Free Economic Zone, Yeosu's Expo 2012 bid and port facilities, Suncheon's educational institutes and Gwangyang's POSCO plant.
Luxor 5th Passage
Luxor 5th Passage, known as Luxor 5, is the sequel to Luxor, Luxor 2, Luxor 3, and Luxor: Quest for the Afterlife. It was developed by Absolutist and published by MumboJumbo in the 5th anniversary of the creation of Luxor, the first installment in the series.

Luxor 3
Luxor 3  is an action-puzzle computer game released by MumboJumbo and a sequel to Luxor and Luxor 2. As with the other Luxor games, it maintains an Egyptian theme and revolves around Egyptian deities, involving a main gameplay goal of matching groups of three or more like-colored spheres to remove them from a train of said spheres rolling down a defined path, and preventing the spheres from entering a pyramid at the end of said path.
Obama Domain
The Obama Domain (小浜藩, Obama-han) was a Fudai feudal domain of the Edo period of Japan. It is located in Wakasa Province, in the Hokuriku region of the island Honshū. The domain was centered at Obama Castle, located in the center of what is now the city of Obama in Fukui Prefecture.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Estádio Presidente Vargas (Ceará)
The Estádio Presidente Vargas, nicknamed PV, is a multi-purpose stadium located in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. It is currently used mostly for association football matches and also sometimes for American football matches. The venue is the home of América Football Club (CE), Fortaleza, Ferroviário Atlético Clube and Associação Esportiva Tiradentes. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 and it was built in 1941. The stadium is owned by the Fortaleza City Hall and it is named after Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas.

The stadium was the largest stadium in Fortaleza until 1973 when the Castelão stadium was inaugurated.

Ferroviário Atlético Clube (CE)
Ferroviário Atlético Clube, commonly referred to as Ferroviário, is a Brazilian professional club based in Fortaleza, Ceará founded on 9 May 1933. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Cearense, the top flight of the Ceará state football league.
Battle of Sourton Down
The Battle of Sourton Down took place on 25 April 1643, near Sourton, in Devon, during the First English Civil War. A Parliamentarian force under James Chudleigh defeated a Royalist army under Sir Ralph Hopton. Casualties on both sides were light, and the result had little impact on the strategic position in the West Country.

Hoping to surprise their opponents, the Royalist army undertook a night march on the Parliamentarian base in Okehampton. However, they in turn were ambushed by a small force of cavalry led by Chudleigh, and routed.
Hopton was forced to abandon most of his baggage and supplies, but won a decisive battle at Stratton three weeks later.

Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton
Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton KB, JP, DL, MP (1596 – 28 September 1652) was an English politician, military officer and peer. During the First English Civil War, he served as Royalist commander in the West Country, and was made Baron Hopton of Stratton in 1643.

Along with his close friend Sir Edward Hyde (later the Earl of Clarendon), he was made advisor to the future Charles II, when he was appointed to rule the West in early 1644. He commanded the last significant Royalist field army, and followed Charles into exile after surrendering in March 1646. A devout supporter of the Church of England, his personal opposition to Catholicism and Presbyterianism meant he took no further part in the 1638 to 1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. He died in Bruges in 1652.

In his stated account of the war, Clarendon described him as 'a man of great honour, integrity, and piety, of great courage and industry, and an excellent officer for any command but the supreme, to which he was not equal'.
6ter
6ter (French: [sistɛʁ]) is a French television network which is available free-to-air through digital terrestrial television, satellite and DSL, owned by Groupe M6.

The name's wordplay represents its positioning as M6's little "sister", and (via the ter suffix) as Groupe M6's third free-to-air entertainment channel (after M6 itself and W9).

M6 (TV channel)
M6 (French: [ɛm sis]), also known as Métropole Télévision, is the most profitable private national French television channel and the third most watched television network in the French-speaking world. M6 is the head channel of the M6 Group media empire that owns several TV channels, magazines, publications, movie production companies, and media-related firms. It is owned by RTL Group.

On 20 May 2021, it was announced that M6 Group, owners of the channel, has proposed a merger with TF1 Group, which owns competing commercial network TF1. On 16 September 2022, it was announced that the merger was officially abandoned, citing concerns from French antitrust regulator, the Autorité de la concurrence, regarding competition in the advertising sector; the combined entity was likely to have been required to sell either primary channel (M6 or TF1) for the merger to proceed.
Vincent C. Gray
Vincent Condol Gray (born November 8, 1942) is an American politician who served on the Council of the District of Columbia representing Ward 7 from 2017 to 2025. He was the mayor of the District of Columbia from 2011 to 2015.

He served as mayor for one term, losing his bid for reelection in the Democratic primary to D.C. Council member Muriel Bowser in the 2014 election. Prior to his inauguration as mayor in January 2011, Gray served as chairman of the Council of the District of Columbia, and as councilmember for Ward 7. In the 1990s he also served as director of the DC Department of Human Services. In June 2016, he defeated incumbent Yvette Alexander in the Democratic primary for the council seat he previously held in Ward 7.

Council of the District of Columbia
The Council of the District of Columbia (or simply D.C. Council) is the legislative branch of the government of the District of Columbia. As permitted in the United States Constitution, the district is not part of any U.S. state and is overseen directly by the federal government.

Since 1975, the United States Congress has devolved to the Council certain powers that are typically exercised by city councils elsewhere in the country, as well as many powers normally held by state legislatures. However, the Constitution vests Congress with ultimate authority over the federal district, and therefore all acts of the council are subject to congressional review. They may be overturned by Congress and the president. Congress also has the power to legislate for the district and even revoke the home rule charter altogether.

The council meets in the John A. Wilson Building in downtown Washington, D.C.
Kvinneby amulet
The Kvinneby amulet (Öl SAS1989;43) is an 11th-century runic amulet found in the mid-1950s buried in the village of Södra Kvinneby in Öland, Sweden. The amulet is believed to date from roughly 1050-1130 CE.  The amulet is a square copper plate measuring approximately 5 cm on each side. Near one edge there is a small hole, presumably used for hanging it around the neck.

Runic magic
There is some evidence that, in addition to being a writing system, runes historically served purposes of magic. This is the case from the earliest epigraphic evidence of the Roman to the Germanic Iron Age, with non-linguistic inscriptions and the alu word. An erilaz appears to have been a person versed in runes, including their magic applications.

In medieval sources, notably the Poetic Edda, the Sigrdrífumál mentions "victory runes" to be carved on a sword, "some on the grasp and some on the inlay, and name Tyr twice."

In the early modern period and modern history, related folklore and superstition is recorded in the form of the Icelandic magical staves. In the early 20th century, Germanic mysticism coined new forms of "runic magic", some of which were continued or developed further by contemporary adherents of Germanic Neopaganism. Modern systems of runic divination are based on Hermeticism, classical occultism, and the I Ching.
Hummay
Hummay was mai (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in the late 11th century, ruling approximately 1085–1097. Later tradition records Hummay as the founder of the Sayfawa dynasty, which went on to rule the empire for over seven centuries. Hummay is sometimes erroneously referred to as the first Muslim ruler of the empire, a distinction that belongs to the earlier mai Hu. The nature of Hummay's rise to the throne and the fall of the preceding Duguwa dynasty is unclear since most sources identify the last Duguwa mai, Selema I, as Hummay's father.

Hu of Kanem
Hu or Hawwa (Hū, Ḥawwāʽ) was the legendary tenth mai (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, ruling in the 11th century. As the earliest ruler associated with Islam in the empire's royal chronicle (the girgam), Hu is generally identified as the first Muslim ruler of the empire. Some elements in the source material suggest that Hu might have been a woman, notably that Hawwa is a feminine name.
Pulp mill
A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber sources into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical, or fully chemical methods. The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the fiber source, be it chips, stems or other plant parts, into the constituent fibers. Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading the lignin and hemicellulose into small, water-soluble molecules that can be washed away from the cellulose fibers without depolymerizing the cellulose fibers.

The earliest known methods for preparing pulp for paper making were water-powered, in 8th-century Samarkand, Abbasid Caliphate. Fibre source must be prepared before milling, which may occur in mechanical pulp mills, chemical pulp mills, or chemi-mechanical pulp mills.

Paper mill
A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt, all paper in a paper mill was made by hand, one sheet at a time, by specialized laborers.
BKK Radnički
Beogradski košarkaški klub Radnički (Serbian Cyrillic: Београдски кошаркашки клуб Раднички), commonly referred to as Radnički Beograd, is a men's basketball club based in Belgrade, Serbia. The club plays in the 3rd-tier First Regional League of Serbia. Their home arena is the SC Šumice.

CCS Šumice
Šumice Center for Culture and Sports (Šumice CCS; Serbian: Центар за културу и спорт Шумице (ЦКС Шумице), romanized: Centar za kulturu i sport Šumice (CKS Šumice)) is an indoor sports arena located in Voždovac, Belgrade, Serbia.

The hall is used for basketball, handball, indoor football, volleyball, and other sports.

The venue was opened on 24 May 1974 and was originally known as the Voždovac Home of Pioneers and Youth (Serbian: Дом пионира и омладине Вождовац (ДПО Вождовац), romanized: Dom pionira i omladine Voždovac (DPO Voždovac)). It has a total floor area of 5,814 m2 (62,580 sq ft) and includes a sports hall with 2,000 seats and a hall with the stage with 350 seats. Due to the lack of funds and bad maintenance, the venue has been in bad financial situation since the late 1980s and especially since the 2000s.

The venue was partially reconstructed (congress hall, press hall, roof) in September–November 2017.
Moishe Goldblatt
Moishe Goldblatt (Yiddish: משה גאָלדבלאַט, romanized: Moyshe Goldblat; Russian: Моисей Исаакович Гольдблат; Romanian: Moisei Goldblat; 16 December 1896, Herța, Dorohoi County, Romania – 1974, Haifa, Israel) was a Jewish actor and director in a Yiddish theatre, as well as in Russian and Romani theatre. He was the founder and first artistic director of the Moscow Romani Theatre Romen (1931–1937).

Romen Theatre
Romen Theatre (Russian: Московский музыкально-драматический театр "Ромэн") in Moscow, Russia, is the oldest and the most famous of Romani theatres in the world. The theatre is a key object of Romani culture in Russia, and from the moment of its foundation in 1931, it has been a centre of attraction for Romani artists in Russia.
Northeast Coast campaign (1723)
The Northeast Coast campaign (1723) occurred during Dummer's War from April 19, 1723 – January 28, 1724. In response to the previous year, in which New England attacked the Wabanaki Confederacy at Norridgewock and Penobscot, the Wabanaki Confederacy retaliated by attacking the coast of present-day Maine that was below the Kennebec River, the border of Acadia. They attacked English settlements on the coast of present-day Maine between Berwick and Mount Desert Island.
Casco (also known as Falmouth and Portland) was the principal settlement. The 1723 campaign was so successful along the Maine frontier that Dummer ordered its evacuation to the blockhouses in the spring of 1724.

Mount Desert Island
Mount Desert Island (MDI; French: Île des Monts Déserts; Malecite-Passamaquoddy: Pesamkuk) is the largest island of Maine, United States. Lying in Hancock County off the north-central coast, it has an area of 108 square miles (280 km2), making it the sixth-largest island in the contiguous United States, and the second-largest island on the Eastern Seaboard, behind Long Island and ahead of Martha's Vineyard. According to the 2010 census, the island has a year-round population of 10,615. In 2017, an estimated 3.5 million tourists visited Acadia National Park on MDI. The island is home to numerous well-known summer colonies such as Northeast Harbor and Bar Harbor.