hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup
The Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup is an international wheelchair rugby league tournament contested by the top national teams. The tournament was first held in Australia as part of the 2008 Festival of World Cups and was upgraded to a centrepiece event in 2021.

Wheelchair rugby league
Wheelchair rugby league is a wheelchair-based version of rugby league football, one of two recognised disability versions of the sport. It was developed in France in 2000. Unlike other wheelchair sports, people without disabilities are allowed to compete in top-level competition.
Asrael
Asrael is a leggenda or opera in four acts by composer Alberto Franchetti and librettist Ferdinando Fontana. The plot, based on German fairy tale and folklore, displays the conflict between the spirit of evil and the spirit of Christian love, represented by Asrael and Nefta respectively. The work is Franchetti's first opera and displays strong influences of Meyerbeer and Wagner, mixed with late 19th-century Italian idioms. The opera premiered at the Teatro Municipale di Reggio on 11 February 1888. The opera made its United States debut at the Metropolitan Opera on 26 November 1890 with Andreas Dippel in the title role. The cast also included soprano Marie Jahn as Nefta/Suor Clotilde and contralto Marie Ritter-Götze as Loretta.

Andreas Dippel
Andreas Dippel (30 November 1866 – 12 May 1932) was a German-born operatic tenor and impresario who from 1908 to 1910 was the joint manager (with Giulio Gatti-Casazza) of the New York Metropolitan Opera.
Nòva cançon
Nòva cançon (Occitan pronunciation: [ˈnɔβɔ kanˈsu, -ɔvɔ], also spelled Nòva chançon [ˈnɔvɔ tʃanˈsu], "New Song") is a musical renewal wave that swept through Occitania in the 1970s, and continues to the present. Its leaders are Joan Pau Verdier, Claudi Martí, Patric, Maria Roanet and Mans de Breish, most of whom are still very active singers. Nòva cançon is a phenomenon similar to Catalonia's Nova cançó. Nòva cançon is loosely defined as a song that is promoting Occitanism and the general culture. It doesn't have a specific genre, but is usually folk or pop music.

Joan Pau Verdier
Joan Pau Verdier (born Jean-Paul Verdier; 1 February 1947 – 21 June 2020) was a French singer born in Périgueux, Dordogne, who performed in both Occitan and French. He was one of the main figures of the Nòva cançon, an Occitan musical renewal wave during the 1970s.

Verdier died on 21 June 2020.
Angers (meteorite)
Angers is an L6 meteorite that hit Pays de la Loire, France in 1822. The meteor struck at 8:15 PM on 3 June. It has since been stored along with L'Aigle, another meteorite that struck France 19 years earlier, on 26 April 1803, in a room at the Muséum d’histoire naturelle d’Angers, a French natural history museum. It is classified as L6-ordinary chondrite.

Muséum d'histoire naturelle d'Angers
The Muséum des sciences naturelles d'Angers (commonly called Muséum d'Angers, as opposed to the arts museums, called Musées d'Angers) is a municipal museum in Angers (Maine-et-Loire, France). Dedicated to Natural History, the Muséum d'Angers houses in its collections about 530,000 objects, including 3,000 birds, 20,000 shells, 50,000 fossils, 80,000 insects and 350,000 herbarium samples, as well as hundreds of specimens taxidermised or in liquid, skeletons, minerals, technical instruments and Documents. The Muséum d'Angers receives annually about 20,000 visitors, as well as school groups, interns, researchers and volunteers.
Padding oracle attack
In cryptography, a padding oracle attack is an attack which uses the padding validation of a cryptographic message to decrypt the ciphertext. In cryptography, variable-length plaintext messages often have to be padded (expanded) to be compatible with the underlying cryptographic primitive. The attack relies on having a "padding oracle" which freely responds to queries about whether a message is correctly padded or not. The information could be directly given, or leaked through a side-channel.

The earliest well-known attack that uses a padding oracle is Bleichenbacher's attack of 1998, which attacks RSA with PKCS #1 v1.5 padding. The term "padding oracle" appeared in literature in 2002, after Serge Vaudenay's attack on the CBC mode decryption used within symmetric block ciphers. Variants of both attacks continue to find success more than one decade after their original publication.

Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption.

A block cipher uses blocks as an unvarying transformation. Even a secure block cipher is suitable for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated use in a secure way to achieve the other security goals of confidentiality and authenticity. However, block ciphers may also feature as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudorandom number generators.
Izdebnik, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Izdebnik (Polish pronunciation: [izˈdɛbɲik]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lanckorona, within Wadowice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The village has an approximate population of 2,000.

Gmina Lanckorona
Gmina Lanckorona is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wadowice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Lanckorona, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Wadowice and 27 km (17 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 40.61 square kilometres (15.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,819.
Coigneau
Coigneau (French pronunciation: [kwaɲo]) is a Belgian variety of hop which was massively cultivated in the Flemish Aalst-Asse area near Brussels in the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century. Because of the light bitterness the Coigneau was during a considerable period of time the favorite hop used for Lambic beer brewed in the Pajottenland region of Belgium (southwest of Brussels).
Traditional lambic brewing required aged hops but utilized fresh hops as well, preferably in a 50%/50% proportion. The addition of fresh hops was possible because the local hop variety Coigneau contained low alpha-acids and thus added little to the bitterness of the resulting brew.

Lambic
Lambic (English: /ˈlæmbɪk/ LAM-bik; French: [lɑ̃bik] ⓘ; Dutch: lambiek [lɑmˈbik] ⓘ) is a type of beer brewed in the Pajottenland region of Belgium southwest of Brussels since the 13th century. Types of lambic beer include gueuze, kriek lambic, and framboise. Lambic differs from most other beers in that it is fermented through exposure to wild yeasts and bacteria native to the Zenne valley, as opposed to exposure to carefully cultivated strains of brewer's yeast. This process gives the beer its distinctive flavour: dry, vinous, and cidery, often with a tart aftertaste.
CMT (Australian TV channel)
CMT Australia was an Australian cable and satellite music television channel owned and operated by Paramount Networks UK & Australia. It was the third, and at one point the only, country music video channel in Australia, launched following the closure of Country Music Channel and its predecessor networks.

In June 2020, the channel launched as part of a long-term agreement with Paramount Global, aiming to introduce new music networks to the Australian market. CMT Australia became a localized version of the U.S. Country Music Television (CMT) brand, broadcasting country music videos 24/7, featuring both Australian and international artists.

However, in July 2025, CMT Australia ceased broadcasting on Foxtel and was replaced by a relaunched version of Country Music Channel (CMC), marking the return of a familiar brand to the Australian country music television landscape. The channel closed on Fetch TV on 31 July 2025.

CMT (American TV channel)
Country Music Television, often abbreviated to CMT, is an American pay TV network that launched on March 5, 1983. It is currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation through the MTV Entertainment Group unit of its networks division. CMT was the first nationally available channel devoted to country music and country music videos, with its programming also including concerts, specials, and biographies of country music stars.

Over time, the network's programming expanded to incorporate original lifestyle and reality programming, and acquired sitcoms. As of December 2023, CMT is available to approximately 56 million pay television households in the United States; down from its 2011 peak of 93 million households. The channel's headquarters are located at the Paramount Pictures lot in Los Angeles, and has additional offices in Nashville, Tennessee.
Tlumach
Tlumach (Ukrainian: Тлумач, IPA: [ˈtlumɐtʃ]; Polish: Tłumacz; Yiddish: טאַלמיטש, romanized: Talmitsh), also referred to as Tovmach (Ukrainian: Товмач), is a small city in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Tlumach urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 8,689 (2022 estimate). In 2001, its population was around 8,800.

Ivano-Frankivsk Raion
Ivano-Frankivsk Raion (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківський район) is a raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. It was created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. Five abolished raions, Bohorodchany, Halych, Rohatyn, Tlumach, and Tysmenytsia raions, as well as Ivano-Frankivsk and Burshtyn Municipalities, were merged into Ivano-Frankivsk Raion. Population: 556,104 (2022 estimate).
Blacksmiths Arms, Cloughton
The Blacksmiths Arms is a historic pub in Cloughton, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.

The building was constructed in the late 17th century, and is said to have served as a pub from the mid 18th century.  It was extended in the 19th and 20th centuries to the sides and rear.  In 2010, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh ate at the pub, while visiting the area.

The pub is built of sandstone, and has a tiled roof.  Most of the windows have three lights and chamfered mullions, those in the ground floor with hood moulds, and there is also a fire window.  The doorway is in a later extension.  The building was Grade II listed in 1967.

Cloughton
Cloughton (/ˈklaʊtən/ KLAU-tən) is a small village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. The civil parish stretches over 3 miles (4.8 km) to the north of the village, 2 miles (3.2 km) to the west, 0.6 miles (0.97 km) to the south, and 1 mile (1.6 km) to the coast to the east. It includes the hamlet of Cloughton Newlands about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the main village.

Much of the civil parish, but not the village itself, lies within the North York Moors National Park. The Duchy of Lancaster, a private estate of the British sovereign, owns 2,375 acres (961 ha) of land in Cloughton, together with several businesses.

According to the 2011 UK census, the civil parish of Cloughton had a population of 687, a reduction on the 2001 UK census figure of 711. It has an area of 5.06 square miles (13.1 km2).
Spot Goes To Hollywood
Spot Goes to Hollywood is a 1995 platform game developed by Eurocom and published by Acclaim Entertainment in North America and Virgin Interactive Entertainment in Europe for the Mega Drive/Genesis as the sequel to Cool Spot. Saturn and PlayStation versions were later released with full-motion video clips and isometric graphics. The player controls Spot, the mascot of the 7 Up soft drink, as he travels to various places trying to free his friends.

The game received mixed reviews from critics, depending on the platform. Critics praised the graphics and level design, but criticized the game for its sound effects (in the Genesis version), controls, and objects being hard to see due to gaps covering them. A 32X version of the game was in development but never released.

7 Up
7 Up (stylized as 7Up) or Seven Up, is an American brand of lemon-lime–flavored non-caffeinated soft drink. The brand and formula are owned by Keurig Dr Pepper in the US, and PepsiCo in international regions, although the beverage is distributed by PepsiCo except in the UK where it is distributed by Britvic, PepsiCo's designated UK distributor.
Nick Mundy
Nick Mundy is an American singer, composer, guitarist and producer from Philadelphia. He was the lead singer of The Beck Family who had a hit in 1979 with the disco funk hit "Can't Shake the Feeling". He had a national hit with "Ain't It All Right" in 1984. He also co-wrote and produced the song "Talk to Me" for Chico DeBarge which was a hit in 1986.  He has composed and produced hits for various artists and has worked with Gina Go-Go, Franne Golde and Paul Fox. His compositions have been used in mainstream films.

Kashif (musician)
Kashif Saleem (born Michael Jones; December 26, 1956 – September 25, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, and record producer from New York City. As a teenager, Kashif joined the funk group B. T. Express. He studied Islam and changed his name from Michael Jones to Kashif. He later signed with Arista Records enjoying success as a solo artist.

Together with Stevie Wonder, he was considered a pioneer in urban music thanks to his specific synthesizer technology approach and the introduction of MIDI in his production.
John Tristan, Count of Valois
John Tristan (French: Jean Tristan; 8 April 1250 – 3 August 1270) was a French prince of the Capetian dynasty. He was jure uxoris count of Nevers from 1265 and of Auxerre and Tonnerre from 1268. He was also in his own right Count of Valois and Crépy, as an appanages of the crown, from 1268.

Appanage
An appanage, or apanage (/ˈæpənɪdʒ/; French: apanage [apanaʒ] ⓘ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a monarch, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture (where only the eldest inherits). It was common in much of Europe.

The system of appanage greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and the German states and explains why many of the former provinces of France had coats of arms which were modified versions of the king's arms.
United States Senate chamber
The United States Senate chamber is a room in the north wing of the United States Capitol that has served as the legislative chamber of the United States Senate, since January 4, 1859. The Senate first convened in its current meeting place after utilizing Federal Hall, Congress Hall, and the Old Senate Chamber in the Capitol building for the same purpose.

The chamber, designed by then-Architect of the Capitol Thomas Ustick Walter, is a rectangular two-story room with 100 individual desks, one per Senator, on a multi-tiered semicircular platform facing a central rostrum in the front of the room. The Senate floor itself is overlooked on all four sides by a gallery on the second floor. The Senate floor itself is 80 by 113 feet (24 by 34 m).

Thomas Ustick Walter
Thomas Ustick Walter (September 4, 1804 – October 30, 1887) was an American architect. He worked on more than 400 projects, including Moyamensing Prison and Girard College in Philadelphia. He served as the fourth Architect of the Capitol, and led the addition of the north and south wings and the central dome. He retired in 1865, but financial difficulties forced him back to work in the 1870s, including a job as Chief Assistant to the Architect of Philadelphia City Hall.

A founder of the American Institute of Architects, he served as its president from 1876 to 1887.
Kenneth Nance
Kenneth Robert Nance (October 1, 1941 – February 14, 2013) was an American politician, lawyer, lobbyist, and legislator.

Born in Mount Carmel, Illinois, Nance moved to Oklahoma with his family. He received his bachelors and law degrees from Oklahoma City University. He practice law and was a lobbyist.
Nance served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 1968 to 1978. He unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination to be the Oklahoma Attorney General in 1978. He died from a lung infection in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Nance had been also suffering from a brain tumor prior to his death.

Mount Carmel, Illinois
Mount Carmel is a city in and the county seat of Wabash County, Illinois, United States. At the time of the 2020 census, the population was 7,015, and it is the largest city in the county. The next largest town in Wabash County is Allendale, population 458.

Located at the confluence of the Wabash, Patoka, and White rivers, Mount Carmel borders both Gibson and Knox counties of Indiana. A small community known informally as East Mount Carmel sits near the mouth of the Patoka River on the opposite (Gibson County) side of the Wabash River from Mount Carmel. Mount Carmel is 5 miles (8.0 km) northeast of the Forest of the Wabash, a National Natural Landmark within Beall Woods State Park and about a mile north-northeast of one of its main employers, the Gibson Generating Station. Mount Carmel is also the home of Wabash Valley College, part of the Community College System of Eastern Illinois.
Evixion
Evixion is a 1986 Canadian docudrama film produced and directed by Bashar Shbib. The film is about the tenants of a dilapidated  apartment building in Montreal who receive an eviction notice and have to deal with the possibility of being homeless. The cast includes Roland Smith, Claire Nadon, Kennon Raines, Pierre Curzi, Piotr Lysak and Jean-Claude Gingras.  It was criticized for its lack of a proper plot or purpose. It was first released on 26 August 1968 at the World Film Festival in Montreal.

Pierre Curzi
Pierre Curzi (born February 11, 1946, in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian actor, screenwriter and politician in Quebec. He is a former Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA) for the riding of Borduas in the Montérégie region south of Montreal. Elected under the Parti Québécois (PQ) banner, he later sat as an independent.
Patella aspera
Patella aspera is a species of limpet, a type of sea snail in the family Patellidae. Long considered to be a subspecies of Patella ulyssiponensis, genetic evidence supports its recognition as a separate species. It is native to Macaronesia. It is known by the common name Azorean limpet, and its local name is lapa brava.

Limpet
Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, limpets are a polyphyletic group (its members descending from different immediate ancestors).

All species of Patellogastropoda are limpets, with the Patellidae family in particular often referred to as "true limpets". Examples of other clades commonly referred to as limpets include the Vetigastropoda family Fissurellidae ("keyhole limpet"), which use a siphon to pump water over their gills, and the Siphonariidae ("false limpets"), which have a pneumostome for breathing air like the majority of terrestrial Gastropoda.
Donington Grand Prix
The Donington Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Donington Park circuit in Leicestershire, England, from 1935 to 1938.

The Donington Grand Prix was held just four times, but quickly rose to prominence as one of the most important races in Europe. A fifth race was planned for 1939 but was cancelled due to the start of World War II.

Grand Prix motor racing
Grand Prix motor racing, a form of motorsport competition, has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as early as 1894. It quickly evolved from simple road races from one town to the next, to endurance tests for car and driver. Innovation and the drive of competition soon saw speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), but because early races took place on open roads, accidents occurred frequently, resulting in deaths both of drivers and of spectators. A common abbreviation used for Grand Prix racing is "GP" or "GP racing".

The Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus, founded in Paris, on 20 June 1904, reorganised as Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), in 1947, headquartered in Paris. Each event of the Formula One World Championships is still called a Grand Prix; Formula One is also referred to as "Grand Prix racing". Some IndyCar championship races are also called "Grands Prix".
Avraham Shalom
Avraham Shalom Bendor (Hebrew: אַבְרָהָם שָׁלוֹם בֵּנְדּוֹר; 7 July 1928 – 19 June 2014) was head of Shin Bet from 1981 to 1986. He resigned after being accused of ordering the killing of two Palestinian prisoners and organising the subsequent cover-up.

Shin Bet
The Israel Security Agency, better known by the acronyms Shabak or Shin Bet, is Israel's internal security and counterintelligence service. Its motto is "Magen v'lo Yera'eh" (Hebrew: מָגֵן וְלֹא יֵרָאֶה, lit. 'the unseen shield'). The Shin Bet's headquarters are located in northwest Tel Aviv, north of Yarkon Park.

It is one of three principal organizations of the Israeli Intelligence Community, alongside Aman (military intelligence) and Mossad (foreign intelligence service).
Pickerington, Ohio
Pickerington is a city in Fairfield and Franklin counties in the central region of the U.S. state of Ohio. It is a suburb of Columbus. The population was 23,094 at the 2020 census. It was founded in 1815 as Jacksonville, named after Andrew Jackson. The name was changed in 1827 in honor of its founder, Abraham Pickering. The city of Pickerington has experienced growth, mirroring the expansion of Columbus and the surrounding suburbs, driven by land annexation, development, and immigration to the area. Pickerington is home to the Motorcycle Hall of Fame, located off of Interstate 70.

The Ohio Secretary of State certified Pickerington as a city in 1991 and it was designated as the "Violet Capital of Ohio" in 1996 by the Ohio Legislature. At 11.1 sq mi (29 km2), Pickerington is the second-largest city in Fairfield County behind Lancaster. Pickerington is located just east of Columbus.

Fairfield County, Ohio
Fairfield County is located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,921. Its county seat and largest city is Lancaster. Its name is a reference to the Fairfield area of the original Lancaster. Fairfield County is part of the Columbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Freudenberg, Westphalia
Freudenberg (pronounced [ˈfʁɔʏdn̩ˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The town lies on the German-Dutch holiday road called the Orange Route, joining towns, cities and regions associated with the House of Orange.

Orange Route
The Orange Route (Dutch: Oranje-Route, German: Oranier-Route) is a holiday route, that runs from Amsterdam in the Netherlands through North and Central Germany and returns to Amsterdam. It is 2,400 kilometres long and crosses the Netherlands and nine of German federated states. The Orange Route runs through towns and regions that linked the House of Orange-Nassau for centuries.
Libava–Romny Railway
Libava–Romny Railway (Russian: Либаво-Роменская железная дорога) was a railway company that built a railway line in the Russian Empire in 1871–74 to connect Romny in Ukraine with the port in Liepāja, then named Libava in the Russian Empire, in present-day Latvia. To do so it passed through Minsk. The objective of the railway was to deliver Ukrainian exports, particularly grain, to the Baltic Sea where it could be further shipped.

Naujoji Vilnia
Naujoji Vilnia is an eldership in eastern Vilnius, Lithuania situated along the banks of the Vilnia River. According to the 2011 census, the district had a population of 31,933. This figure grew to 36,507 in 2021, when the newest census was performed. The ethnographic composition is very diverse, but is also changing because of construction boom in Pavilnys and Kalnėnai neighborhoods of Naujoji Vilnia.