hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Léopold Sabatier
Léopold Sabatier (died c. 1929) was a French colonial administrator in the province of Darlac (now Đắk Lắk Province). He was province chief and later résident of the province from 1914 to 1926, after serving temporarily in Kontum.
Sabatier died soon after his return to France in 1929.

Đắk Lắk province
Đắk Lắk (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ʔɗǎk lǎk]) is a mountainous province in the Central Highlands region of Central Vietnam. It borders Gia Lai to the north, Khánh Hòa to the east, Lâm Đồng to the south, and Mondulkiri of Cambodia to the west.

Đăk Lăk is home to several indigenous ethnic minorities, such as the Rade, the Jarai and the Mnong, among others.

On June 12, 2025, the National Assembly passed Resolution No. 202/2025/QH15, which took effect the same day, merging Phú Yên Province into Đắk Lắk Province.
Cabrakan
Cabrakan (also known as Caprakan, Cabracan, and Kab'raqan) was a Maya god of earthquakes and mountains. Cabrakan is a son of Vucub-Caquix and the brother of Zipacna. He serves as a minor character in the Popol Vuh, where the Maya Hero Twins defeat him.

He has been called the Maya equivalent to Tepēyōllōtl.

Maya Hero Twins
The Maya Hero Twins are the central figures of a narrative included within the colonial Kʼicheʼ document called Popol Vuh, and constituting the oldest Maya myth to have been preserved in its entirety. Called Hunahpu [hunaxˈpu] and Xbalanque [ʃɓalaŋˈke] in the Kʼicheʼ language, the Twins have also been identified in the art of the Classic Mayas (200–900 AD). The twins are often portrayed as complementary forces.

The Twin motif recurs in many Native American mythologies; the Maya Twins, in particular, could be considered as mythical ancestors to the Maya ruling lineages.
Oklahoma State Highway 58
State Highway 58 (abbreviated SH-58) is the name of two state highways in Oklahoma. One of them runs for 72.7 miles (117.0 km) from Medicine Park to the Blaine–Custer County line near Hydro, and the other connects US-270/281/SH-3/33 to the Kansas state line, a length of 105.9 mi (170.4 km). The northern section has one lettered spur route, SH-58A.

SH-58 was originally a part of US-164. When US-164 was decommissioned in 1930, a section of the road in Major County that was left without a designation became SH-58. Since then, the highway has grown toward both the north and the south. With the designation and extension of the southern section of the highway, SH-58 is present in five counties in the western part of the state.

Oklahoma State Highway 3
State Highway 3, also abbreviated as SH-3 or OK-3, is a highway maintained by the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Traveling diagonally through Oklahoma, from the Panhandle to the far southeastern corner of the state, SH-3 is the longest state highway in the Oklahoma road system, at a total length of 615 miles (990 km) via SH-3E (see below).
Arkansas Highway 117
Arkansas Highway 117 (AR 117, Hwy. 117) is a north–south state highway in Lawrence County, Arkansas. The route of 16.54 miles (26.62 km) runs from a junction of Highway 25 and Highway 230 in Strawberry north across US Route 63/US 412 (US 63/US 412) to 3rd Street in Black Rock.

U.S. Route 63 in Arkansas
U.S. Route 63 (US 63) is a north-south U.S. highway that begins in Ruston, LA. In the US state of Arkansas the highway enters the state from Louisiana concurrent with US 167 in Junction City. The highway runs north through the eastern part of the state, serving rural areas of South Arkansas and the Arkansas Delta, as well as Pine Bluff and Jonesboro. The highway exits the state at Mammoth Spring traveling into Missouri.
Eddy Liew
Eddy Foo Yew Liew (Chinese: 刘富友) OBE FRS FMedSci FRSE FRCPath is a Malaysian-born British immunologist and Emeritus Professor of Immunology at the University of Glasgow. He is known for his contributions to the understanding of CD4+ T cell heterogeneity, the role of nitric oxide in immune regulation, and the discovery of key cytokine pathways involved in inflammatory disease. Liew is a Fellow of the Royal Society and the Academy of Medical Sciences and was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 2018 for services to science.

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
K-144 (Kansas highway)
K-144 is a 16.825-mile-long (27.077 km) east–west state highway in the U.S. state of Kansas. K-144's western terminus is at a diamond interchange with U.S. Route 83 (US-83) and US-160 north-northwest of the City of Sublette and the eastern terminus is at US-56 northeast of the City of Copeland. K-144 travels through flat rural farmlands and is a two-lane road its entire length.

In a May 9, 1956 meeting, it was approved to add K-144 to the state highway system as soon as Haskell and Gray counties had brought the road up to state highway standards. By late 1957, required projects were complete and on September 25, 1957, K-144 was designated as a state highway. Between 2016 and 2017, the junction with US-83 and US-160 was converted to a diamond interchange as part of a project to expand US-83.

U.S. Route 83 in Kansas
U.S. Route 83 (US-83) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from the Veterans International Bridge in Brownsville, Texas north to the Canadian border, north of Westhope, North Dakota, where it continues as Manitoba Highway 83. In the U.S. state of Kansas, US-83 is a main north–south highway that runs from the Oklahoma border north to the Nebraska border.

In 1926, the highway that first became known as US-83 was established as K-22. Then between 1930 and 1931, US-83 was extended into Kansas along K-22, which was decommissioned. Then between 1941 and 1944, US-83 and US-183 were swapped within Nebraska and a small portion into Kansas. US-83 was changed to turn north just northeast of Selden and the former alignment of US-83 from northeast of Selden to US-183 east of Woodruff became US-383, now K-383.
Obock Region
The Obock Region (Afar: Rakaakay Obock, Arabic: إقليم أوبوخ, Somali: Gobolka Obokh) is a region in northern Djibouti. Covering an area of 4,700 square kilometres (1,800 sq mi), it had an estimated population of 37,856 as of 2009.The region borders the Red Sea, Bab-el-Mandeb, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Tadjoura, and includes the Seven Brothers, Doumeira Islands, and the coastal city of Obock. It also shares a section of Djibouti’s northern border with Eritrea. Geographically, Oblock is larger than Cape Verde but smaller than Trinidad and Tobago, featuring a mix of highland and coastal plains.

Obock
Obock (also Obok, Arabic: أبخ, Hayyú) is a small port town in Djibouti. It is located on the Northern shore of the Gulf of Tadjoura, where it opens out into the Gulf of Aden.  The town is home to an airstrip and has ferries to Djibouti City. The French form Obock derives from Arabic "Oboh", which is a deformation of Oboki, a name given to a local wadi.
'Mantšebo
'Mantšebo (in full: 'Mantšebo Amelia 'Matšaba; 1902–1964) was the ruler of Basutoland (present-day Lesotho) from 1941 to 1960, as the regent for her stepson, the future Moshoeshoe II.

'Mantšebo was the first of the three wives of Seeiso, who was paramount chief from 1939 to 1940. She was elected regent a month after his death, becoming the only female ruler during Lesotho's colonial period. Her early years in power were marked by disputes over both the legitimacy of her rule and her guardianship of her stepson (Seeiso's heir). However, 'Mantšebo retained the regency for over 19 years, and laid the foundations for Lesotho's current constitutional monarchy.

Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho
Moshoeshoe II (2 May 1938 – 15 January 1996), previously known as Constantine Bereng Seeiso, was the Paramount Chief of Basutoland, succeeding paramount chief Seeiso from 1960 until the country gained full independence from Britain in 1966. He was King of Lesotho from 1966 until his exile in 1990, and from 1995 until his death in 1996.
Durgiana Express
The 12357 / 12358 Durgiana Express is a Superfast train of the Indian Railways connecting Kolkata in West Bengal and Amritsar Junction of Punjab. It is currently being operated with 12357/12358 train numbers on a twice a week basis.

Amritsar Junction railway station
Amritsar Central Railway Station (station code: ASR) is a railway located in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab and serves Amritsar. It is the largest and busiest railway station of Punjab.
Bowling ball
A bowling ball is a hard spherical ball used to knock down bowling pins in the sport of bowling.

Balls used in ten-pin bowling and American nine-pin bowling traditionally have holes for two fingers and the thumb. Balls used in five-pin bowling, candlepin bowling, duckpin bowling, and European nine-pin bowling have no holes, and are small enough to be held in the palm of the hand.

Nine-pin bowling
Nine-pin bowling (also known as ninepin bowling, nine-pin,  kegel, or kegeln) is a bowling game played primarily in Europe. European championships are held each year. In Europe overall, there are some 130,000 players. Nine-pin bowling lanes are mostly found in Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Estonia, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Poland, North Macedonia, Hungary, France, Brazil and Liechtenstein.

In English-speaking countries, where tenpin bowling is dominant, facilities for nine-pin bowling are relatively uncommon, though it remains popular in areas such as the Barossa Valley in South Australia where many German people settled in the 19th century. A modified version is played in the US state of Texas.
De fato
De Fato (English: "Concerning Fate") is a partially lost philosophical treatise written by the Roman orator Cicero in 44 BC. Only two-thirds of the work exists; the beginning and ending are missing. It takes the form of a dialogue, although it reads more like an exposition,  whose interlocutors are Cicero and his friend Aulus Hirtius.

In the work, Cicero analyzes the concept of Fate, and suggests that free will is a condition of Fate. Cicero, however, does not consciously deal with the distinction between fatalism and determinism.

It appears that De Fato is an appendix to the treatise on theology formed by the three books of De Natura Deorum and the two books of De Divinatione. These three books provide important information regarding Stoic cosmology and theology.

De Natura Deorum
De Natura Deorum (On the Nature of the Gods) is a philosophical dialogue by Roman Academic Skeptic philosopher Cicero written in 45 BC. It is laid out in three books that discuss the theological views of the Hellenistic philosophies of Epicureanism, Stoicism, and Academic Skepticism.
Gilbert L. Laws
Gilbert Lafayette Laws (March 11, 1838 – April 25, 1907) was an American politician, newspaper publisher and businessman. He served as the Nebraska secretary of state and as a member of the United States House of Representatives during the 1800s.

Secretary of State of Nebraska
The secretary of state of Nebraska is one of the constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Nebraska. In Nebraska, the secretary of state is elected for a four-year term. Vacancies are filled by appointment by the governor of Nebraska.

The current officeholder is Bob Evnen, who took office in 2019.
Tianzi Mountain
Tianzi Mountain (Chinese: 天子山) is a mountain in Zhangjiajie in the Hunan Province of China, close to the Suoxi Valley in South Central China. Before the Ming Dynasty, Tianzi Mountain was known as "Qingyan Mountain" because of its green stones. The mountain is named after the early Ming dynasty farmer Xiang Dakun of the Tujia ethnic group, who led a successful local farmers' revolt and called himself "Xiang Wang Tianzi", meaning son of Heaven and which is the traditional epithet of the Chinese emperor.

The highest pillar of Tianzi Mountain is Kunlun Peak with an elevation of 1,262.5 metres (4,142 ft 1 in) and the lowest pillar is Shilanyu with an elevation of 534 metres (1,752 ft). Tianzi Mountain is a part of the Wulingyuan Scenic Area and was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1992.

Zhangjiajie
Zhangjiajie (simplified Chinese: 张家界; traditional Chinese: 張家界; pinyin: Zhāngjiājiè; Tujia: Zanxjiaxgaif /tsán tɕá kǎi/) is a prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Hunan Province, China. It comprises the district of Yongding, Wulingyuan and counties of Cili and Sangzhi. It contains the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, part of the Wulingyuan Scenic Area which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.
Four flush
A four flush (also flush draw) is a poker draw or non-standard poker hand that is one card short of being a full flush. Four flushing refers to empty boasting
or unsuccessful bluffing,
and a four flusher is a person who makes empty boasts or bluffs when holding a four flush.
Four flusher can also refer to a welcher, piker, or braggart.
This pejorative term originated in the 19th century when bluffing poker players misrepresented that they had a flush—a poker hand with five cards all of one suit—when they only had four cards of one suit.
Optimal strategies for bluffing or folding when holding a four flush have been explored extensively in poker strategy books.

Draw (poker)
A poker player is drawing if they have a hand that is incomplete and needs further cards to become valuable. The hand itself is called a draw or drawing hand. For example, in seven-card stud, if four of a player's first five cards are all spades, but the hand is otherwise weak, they are drawing to a flush. In contrast, a made hand already has value and does not necessarily need to draw to win. A made starting hand with no help can lose to an inferior starting hand with a favorable draw. If an opponent has a made hand that will beat the player's draw, then the player is drawing dead; even if they make their desired hand, they will lose. Not only draws benefit from additional cards; many made hands can be improved by catching an out – and may have to in order to win.
Sheet intrusion
A sheet intrusion, or tabular intrusion, is a planar sheet of roughly the same thickness, that forms inside a pre-existing rock. When it cuts into another unlayered mass, or across layers, it is called a dike. When it is formed between layers in a layered rock mass, it is called a sill.

An igneous sheet intrusion is formed where a mass of molten magma takes advantage of a pre-existing linear feature in a host rock, such as a long rupture or fault, and forces its way into these spaces. Thus the magma, intruded between existing rocks, solidifies into large thin sheets of igneous rock. They are among the most extensive igneous features on Earth, in the form of dikes, laccoliths, cone sheets and sills.

When limestone or other precipitate forms in a fault space, it is a sedimentary sheet intrusion.

Igneous rock
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin  igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in a terrestrial planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust.
Mark Nicholls (rugby union)
Marcus Frederick Nicholls (13 July 1901 – 10 June 1972), generally known as Mark Nicholls, was a New Zealand rugby union player and selector. He played for New Zealand—the All Blacks—as well as Wellington and the North Island. A member of the legendary 1924–25 All Black "Invincibles", Nicholls was best known as a first five-eighth though he actually played many games, including Tests, at either second-five eighth or centre. Hugely influential in his day, he has largely become forgotten in modern times although George Nēpia and Bert Cooke, two of his better-remembered contemporaries, acknowledged the significance of his role in assisting their success.

Bert Cooke (rugby)
Albert Edward Cooke (5 October 1901 – 29 September 1977) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby footballer of the 1920s and 1930s, who represented for New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league.
Digimon Tamers
Digimon Tamers (Japanese: デジモンテイマーズ, Hepburn: Dejimon Teimāzu) is a Japanese anime television series and the third television series in the Digimon franchise, produced by Toei Animation. The series takes place in a new setting separate from the preceding series, Digimon Adventure and Digimon Adventure 02, where the characters utilize cards from the collectible card games. The series aired in Japan from April 2001 to March 2002.

The series was originally licensed in North America by Saban Entertainment, aired in the US from September 2001 to June 2002 as the third season of  Digimon: Digital Monsters. A Hong Kong manhua adaptation of the series, by Yu Yuen-wong, was serialized from April to October 2004.

Digimon Adventure 02
Digimon Adventure 02 (デジモンアドベンチャー02, Dejimon Adobenchā Zero Tsū), originally released as Digimon: Digital Monsters Season 2 in English-speaking territories, is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation. It is the sequel to Digimon Adventure, and the second anime series in the Digimon franchise. The series aired in Japan from April 2000 to March 2001. It was originally licensed in North America by Saban Entertainment and aired in the US from August 2000 to May 2001.

Adventure 02 was followed by the film series Digimon Adventure tri., which was released between 2015 and 2018.
Polysilicon depletion effect
Polysilicon depletion effect is the phenomenon in which unwanted variation of threshold voltage of the MOSFET devices using polysilicon as gate material is observed, leading to unpredicted behavior of the electronic circuit. Because of this variation High-k Dielectric Metal Gates (HKMG) were introduced to solve the issue.

Polycrystalline silicon, also called polysilicon, is a material consisting of small silicon crystals. The latter differs from monocrystalline silicon used for semiconductor electronics and solar cells, and from amorphous silicon, used for thin film devices and solar cells.

Threshold voltage
The threshold voltage, commonly abbreviated as Vth or VGS(th), of a field-effect transistor (FET) is the minimum gate-to-source voltage (VGS) that is needed to create a conducting path between the source and drain terminals. It is an important scaling factor to maintain power efficiency.

When referring to a junction field-effect transistor (JFET), the threshold voltage is often called pinch-off voltage instead. This is somewhat confusing since pinch off applied to insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET) refers to the channel pinching that leads to current saturation behavior under high source–drain bias, even though the current is never off. Unlike pinch off, the term threshold voltage is unambiguous and refers to the same concept in any field-effect transistor.
Quaid Road
Southedge-Wangetti Road Corridor (formerly and unofficially Quaid Road) is a 32-kilometre-long (20 mi) stretch of road in Far North Queensland. It links the Captain Cook Highway at Wangetti on the coast just north of Cairns, to the Mulligan Highway at Southedge, just south of Mount Molloy. In November 1983 George Quaid wanted to legally build the road corridor with the approval of the Queensland Government, which was granted.  In April 1988 the Australian Government made a regulation under the World Heritage Properties Conservation Act 1983 to prevent the road opening. However, the road was completed in early 1989 through some rainforest areas that were later declared Wet Tropics World Heritage Area in late 1989.

Captain Cook Highway
The Captain Cook Highway is a short, regional highway in Queensland that originates in Cairns and terminates in Mossman, where it joins Mossman-Daintree Road, continuing to Daintree. It is a state-controlled regional road (number 20A).

The highway is used to connect the CBD of Cairns to the Northern Beaches, a collection of suburbs that comprise the northern section of Cairns. It is also used by many tourists travelling to  the town of Port Douglas, north of Cairns. Apart from being a link between two tourist locations, the Captain Cook Highway is a scenic highway that winds alongside the coast of the tropical seaside rainforest heading towards Port Douglas and Daintree National Park.
West Virginia Route 93
West Virginia Route 93 is an east–west state highway located in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. WV 93 runs from U.S. Route 48 and West Virginia Route 32 in Davis in Tucker County to U.S. Route 220 near Keyser in Mineral County.

West Virginia Route 32
West Virginia Route 32 is a north–south state highway connecting Randolph County and Tucker County in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of West Virginia. The southern terminus is at U.S. Route 33 and West Virginia Route 55 in Harman. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 219 in Thomas. The highway was originally numbered WV 40.
Causeway End railway station
Causeway End (NX 42047 59602) or Causwayend was a railway station on the Wigtownshire Railway branch line, from Newton Stewart to Whithorn, of the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway. It served a very rural area in Wigtownshire. The station closed in 1885, however it remained open to goods as Causeway End Siding.

Newton Stewart railway station
Newton Stewart railway station served the town of Newton Stewart, in the historic county of Wigtownshire in the administrative area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland from 1861 to 1965 on the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway.
Shute Harbour
Shute Harbour is a coastal locality and harbour in the Whitsunday Region of Queensland, Australia. It has port facilities and transport options for people seeking to access the Whitsunday Islands and holiday destinations.

In the 2021 census, Shute Harbour had a population of 113 people.

Whitsunday Region
The Whitsunday Region is a local government area located in North Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by two previous local government areas with a history extending back to the establishment of regional local government in Queensland in 1879.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$48.8m.

In the 2021 census, the Whitsunday Region had a population of 37,152 people.
Ida Willis
Lizzie Ida Grace Willis OBE ARRC ED (29 December 1881 – 7 March 1968) was a notable New Zealand civilian and military nurse, hospital inspector, matron, army nursing administrator. She was part of the New Zealand Army Nursing Service Corps and the Samoan Expeditionary Forces in 1914.

Willis was born in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1881 to mother Amelia Annie Nicolson and father Alexander James Willis. She attended Johnsonville School, Fitzherbert Terrace School and Wellington Girl's High School. Willis trained as a nurse at Wellington Hospital from 1907 to 1910.

New Zealand Army Nursing Service
The New Zealand Army Nursing Service (NZANS) formally came into being in early 1915, when the Army Council in London accepted an offer of nurses to help in the war effort during the First World War from the New Zealand Government. The heavy losses experienced in the Gallipoli campaign cemented the need for the service.