hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Force Crater
Joseph Force Crater (January 5, 1889 – disappeared August 6, 1930; declared legally dead June 6, 1939) was an American lawyer who served as a New York State Supreme Court justice and mysteriously vanished shortly after the state began an investigation into corruption in New York City. Despite massive publicity, the missing persons case was never solved and was officially closed forty years after Crater was declared dead.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Nicholas Metropolis
Nicholas Constantine Metropolis (Greek: Νικόλαος Μητρόπουλος; June 11, 1915 – October 17, 1999) was a Greek-American physicist.

Metropolis received his BSc (1937) and PhD in physics (1941, with Robert Mulliken) at the University of Chicago. Shortly afterwards, Robert Oppenheimer recruited him from Chicago, where he was collaborating with Enrico Fermi and Edward Teller on the first nuclear reactors, to the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

He arrived in Los Alamos in April 1943, as a member of the original staff of fifty scientists. He came back to Los Alamos in 1948 to lead the group in the Theoretical Division that designed and built the MANIAC I computer in 1952 that was modeled on the IAS machine, and the MANIAC II in 1957.

Robert S. Mulliken
Robert Sanderson Mulliken ForMemRS (June 7, 1896 – October 31, 1986) was an American physical chemist, primarily responsible for the early development of molecular orbital theory, i.e. the elaboration of the molecular orbital method of computing the structure of molecules.  Mulliken received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1966 and the Priestley Medal in 1983.
Cryphonectria
Cryphonectria is a fungal genus in the order Diaporthales. The most well-known and well-studied species in the genus is Cryphonectria parasitica, the species which causes chestnut blight. The genus was, for a time, considered synonymous with Endothia, but the two are now recognised as distinct. Taxonomic studies in 2006 limited the genus to four species, but a fifth, Cryphonectria naterciae, was described in 2011 from Portugal.

Chestnut blight
The pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly Endothia parasitica) is a member of the Ascomycota (sac fungi). This necrotrophic fungus is native to East Asia and South East Asia and was introduced into Europe and North America in the early 1900s. Strains of the fungus spread more or less rapidly and caused significant tree loss in both regions.  Strains of the fungus can be more or less virulent.
Amarjeet Singh Bedi
Lieutenant General Amarjeet Singh Bedi PVSM UYSM, YSM, VSM is a former Commander of the IV Corps of the Indian Army and assumed office on 25 November 2016. He assumed the post from Lt General Devraj Anbu.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Sarah, Plain and Tall
Sarah, Plain and Tall is a children's book written by Patricia MacLachlan and the winner of the 1986 Newbery Medal, the 1986 Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction, and the 1986 Golden Kite Award. It explores themes of loneliness, abandonment, and coping with change.

The book was adapted as both a television film in 1991 and a one-act children's musical that was performed Off-Broadway in 2002. It was followed by four sequels exploring the Witting family after Sarah's arrival called Skylark, Caleb's Story, More Perfect Than the Moon, and Grandfather's Dance.

Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction
The Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction is an annual American children's book award that recognizes historical fiction. It was established in 1982 by Scott O'Dell, author of Island of the Blue Dolphins and 25 other children's books, in hopes of increasing young readers' interest in the history that shaped their nation and their world. Eligibility for the award requires that a book be written in English for children or young adults, published by an American publisher, and the author must be a United States citizen. The award is recognized in the United States by publishers of children's literature and young adult literature, the American Library Association, and the Assembly for Literature of Adolescents.
John G. Hannink
John G. Hannink (born 1962) is a retired United States Navy officer. He last served as the 44th Judge Advocate General (JAG) of the United States Navy. He assumed the position on September 12, 2018 following the retirement of Vice Admiral James W. Crawford, III and relinquished it on August 18, 2021 to Darse Crandall.

Darse Crandall
Darse Earle Crandall Jr. (born 1962) is a retired United States Navy vice admiral who served as the 45th Judge Advocate General of the Navy from 2021 to 2024. He served as the Deputy Judge Advocate General of the Navy and Commander of the Naval Legal Service Command from  2018 to 2021.
(V)
[V] was an Australian music television channel that was owned and operated by Foxtel. It was available on Foxtel Digital and Optus's digital services.

In 2016, Foxtel decided to close Channel [V] Australia and refocus [V] Hits as its main channel. However, in 2017 [V] Hits was re-positioned as [V] and [V] Hits +2 was rebranded as [V]+2; a timeshift channel.

In May 2020, it was announced that Foxtel would cease operations of [V] at the end of June. The channel was replaced by an Australian version of NickMusic as part of a deal with ViacomCBS Networks UK & Australia.

NickMusic EMEA
NickMusic (formerly Nick Hits until 2017) was a specialised music video channel owned by Paramount Networks EMEAA that was the international version of the US NickMusic. The channel mainly featured modern pop music, but aimed at younger people.
Ofakim
Ofakim (Hebrew: אופקים, lit. 'Horizons')  is a city in the Southern District of Israel, 20 kilometers (12.4 mi) west of Beersheba. It achieved municipal status in 1955. It has an area of 10,000 dunams (~3.9 sq mi; 10 km2). In 2023 it had a population of 37,837.

Ofakim was established as a development town in 1955. For many years it was a major textile manufacturing center until outsourcing led to the closure of factories. As a result,  Ofakim suffered from poverty and unemployment. Since the 2000s, new businesses have opened, improving the economic outlook.

During the October 7 attacks in 2023, Ofakim was attacked by Hamas militants who infiltrated the city and killed 47 residents.

Development town
Development towns (Hebrew: עיירת פיתוח, Ayarat Pitu'ah) were new settlements built in Israel during the 1950s in order to provide permanent housing for a large influx of Jewish immigrants from Arab countries, Holocaust survivors from Europe and other new immigrants, who arrived to the newly established State of Israel.

The towns were designed to expand the population of the country's peripheral areas while easing pressure on the crowded centre. Most of them were built in the Galilee in the north of Israel, and in the northern Negev desert in the south. In addition to the new towns, Jerusalem was also given development town status in the 1960s.

In the context of the Arab–Israeli conflict, Jewish refugees from Arab states were initially resettled in refugee camps, known variously as immigrant camps, ma'abarot and development towns. Development towns were subsequently considered by some to be places of relegation and marginalisation.
Toxicodendron
Toxicodendron is a genus of flowering plants in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. It contains trees, shrubs and woody vines, including poison ivy, poison oak, and the lacquer tree. The best-known members of the genus in North America are eastern poison ivy (T. radicans) and western poison oak (T. diversilobum), both ubiquitous throughout much of their respective region.

All members of the genus produce the skin-irritating oil urushiol, which can cause a severe allergic reaction known as urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. The resins of certain species native to Japan, China and other Asian countries, such as lacquer tree (T. vernicifluum) and wax tree (T. succedaneum), are used to make lacquer, and, as a byproduct of lacquer manufacture, their berries are used to make japan wax.

Toxicodendron radicans
Toxicodendron radicans, commonly known as eastern poison ivy or poison ivy, is a species of allergenic flowering plant. It has numerous subtaxons and forms both vines and shrubs. Despite its common name, it is not a true ivy, but rather a member of the cashew and sumac family, Anacardiaceae. It is different from western poison ivy, Toxicodendron rydbergii, and resembles a number of species.

The species is found in North America. Although commonly eaten by animals, with birds consuming the seeds, T. radicans is considered a noxious weed. As a poison ivy, it causes urushiol-induced contact dermatitis in most people who touch it, producing an itchy, irritating, and sometimes painful rash.
Jaguar AJ6 engine
The AJ6 (Advanced Jaguar 6-cylinder), and the similar AJ16, are inline-6 piston engines used by Jaguar cars in the 1980s and 1990s. The AJ6 was designed to replace the successful and long-used Jaguar XK6 engine, and was introduced in 1984. It was only the third all-new engine ever designed by the company. The AJ16 evolution was replaced in 1996 with the Jaguar developed AJ-V8 engine.

Jaguar had considered cutting their existing V12 in half to build a V6, or possibly a V8, but chose instead to develop a new inline six. The cylinders are inclined, as in a slant-6, by 22 degrees. It uses an aluminium block to reduce weight, and has an optional DOHC head for higher efficiency and power.

Jaguar XK engine
The Jaguar XK is an inline 6-cylinder dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) engine produced by Jaguar Cars between 1949 and 1992. Introduced as a 3.4-litre, it earned fame on both the road and track, being produced in five hemispherical head displacements between 2.4 and 4.2-litres for Jaguar passenger cars, with other sizes being made by Jaguar and privateers for racing. A de-rated version was also used in certain military vehicles built by Alvis and Daimler.
Truro Central School
Truro School System is a school district operating a single elementary school, Truro Central School, in Truro, Massachusetts.

Commonly students, after graduating from Truro Central School, attend Nauset Middle School and Nauset Regional High School, both operated by Nauset Public Schools. Truro residents may also enter the middle school program at Provincetown School District. Formerly Truro residents had the option of going to Provincetown High School. Provincetown High School ended operations after 2013.

Nauset Public Schools
Nauset Public Schools, or the Nauset Regional School District, is a school district headquartered in Orleans, Massachusetts. In addition to Orleans its attendance area includes Brewster, Eastham, and Wellfleet.

It also takes middle and high school students from Truro, and since 2012 high school students from Provincetown. The Provincetown Schools district in 2010 agreed to close Provincetown High School and send its high school students to Nauset.

In 1993 the school district had 3,207 students. Expensive housing and a decline in births resulted in enrollment declines, with enrollment at 2,361 in 2020. In 2020 all of its schools except for Eastham Elementary lost students.

Michael Gradone was superintendent until his 2009 retirement.
East Perth Eagles
East Perth Eagles is an NBL1 West club based in Perth, Western Australia. The club fields a team in both the Men's and Women's NBL1 West. The club is a division of East Perth District Basketball Association (EPDBA), the major administrative basketball organisation in Perth's north eastern suburbs. The Eagles play their home games at Morley Sport and Recreation Centre.

NBL1 West
NBL1 West, formerly the State Basketball League (SBL), is a semi-professional basketball league in Western Australia, comprising both a men's and women's competition. In 2020, Basketball Western Australia partnered with the National Basketball League (NBL) to bring NBL1 to Western Australia. NBL1 replaced the former SBL to create more professional pathways and opportunities for males and females playing basketball in Western Australia. As a result, the SBL became the west conference of NBL1.
Fluctuation–dissipation theorem
The fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT) or fluctuation–dissipation relation (FDR) is a powerful tool in statistical physics for predicting the behavior of systems that obey detailed balance. Given that a system obeys detailed balance, the theorem is a proof that thermodynamic fluctuations in a physical variable  predict the response quantified by the admittance or impedance (in their general sense, not only in electromagnetic terms) of the same physical variable (like voltage, temperature difference, etc.), and vice versa. The fluctuation–dissipation theorem applies both to classical and quantum mechanical systems.

The fluctuation–dissipation theorem was proven by Herbert Callen and Theodore Welton in 1951
and expanded by Ryogo Kubo. There are antecedents to the general theorem, including Einstein's explanation of Brownian motion
during his annus mirabilis and Harry Nyquist's explanation in 1928 of Johnson noise in electrical resistors.

Detailed balance
In thermodynamics, the principle of detailed balance says that every process of energy transfer in one direction must also allow energy transfer in the opposite direction, and in equilibrium, the flux in both directions must be equal. For example, the principle can be used in kinetic systems which are decomposed into elementary processes (collisions, or steps, or elementary reactions). It states that at equilibrium, each elementary process is in equilibrium with its reverse process.
Area codes 559 and 357
Area codes 559 and 357 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan for the central San Joaquin Valley in central California. The numbering plan area includes the counties of Fresno, Madera, Kings, and Tulare, an area largely coextensive with the Fresno and Visalia-Porterville metropolitan areas. Area code 559 was placed in service in 1998, when its services area was split from that of area code 209. 357 was added to form an overlay complex in 2025.

Tulare County, California
Tulare County (/tʊˈlɛəri/ ⓘ tuu-LAIR-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117. The county seat is Visalia. The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located south of Fresno, spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is located in the county, as is part of Kings Canyon National Park, in its northeast corner (shared with Fresno County), and part of Mount Whitney, on its eastern border (shared with Inyo County). As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117, up from 442,179 at the 2010 census.
Theatre Royal and Metropole Hotel
The Theatre Royal and Metropole Hotel is a heritage-listed building in Perth, Western Australia, located at 637–645 Hay Street. Both the hotel (also known as Hotel Metropole) and the theatre were built by businessman Thomas Molloy, completed in 1893 (1893) and 1897 (1897) respectively.

Hay Street, Perth
Hay Street is a major road through the Perth central business district, Western Australia and adjacent suburbs. The street was named after Robert Hay, the Permanent Under Secretary for Colonies. Sections of the road were called Howick Street and Twiss Street until 1897. One block in the central business section is now a pedestrian mall with extremely limited vehicular traffic, so that it is necessary to make a significant detour in order to drive the entire length of Hay Street.
Leonore Semler
Leonore Semler (19 March 1921, in Hanover – 19 October 2016, in Munich) was a German philanthropist and founder in 1963 of the German branch of the African Medical and Research Foundation (now known as Amref Health Africa). She headed the organization until 2009 and raised millions of euros on its behalf.

Amref Health Africa
Amref Health Africa is a Kenyan-based non-governmental organization focused on providing community and environmental healthcare to countries in Africa. It is considered one of the most prominent health NGOs in Africa.
Hunter's Run and Slate Belt Railroad
The Hunter's Run and Slate Belt Railroad was a railway line from the Hunter's Run junction of the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway that ran southwestward along the south side of Mountain Creek to the Pine Grove Iron Works.  The line serviced facilities for mining (e.g., Henry Clay iron mine), for manufacturing (Crane's Siding clay refining plant), and for recreation (Pine Grove Park for excursions).  Portions of the railbed are a section of the Appalachian Trail as well as the majority of the Cumberland County Biker/Hiker Trail and the entire "Old Railroad Bed Road" that is the southeast border of Pine Grove Furnace State Park.

Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway
The Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway was a Pennsylvania line from near Carlisle southward to Gettysburg operated by a subsidiary of the Reading Company. The line also included the Round Top Branch over the Gettysburg Battlefield to Round Top, Pennsylvania until c. 1942.
Tukey's B method
Tukey's B method, also known as the Tukey-Kramer B procedure, or Tukey's Wholly Significant Difference (WSD) is a post-hoc multiple comparison statistical test used to identify which specific group means differ significantly from each other after a statistically significant result has been obtained from an analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is considered a compromise between two other popular multiple comparison procedures: Tukey's range test and the Newman-Keuls method.

The primary purpose of post-hoc tests like Tukey's B is to control the family-wise error rate (FWER) when performing multiple comparisons. Without such control, the probability of making at least one Type I error increases with the number of comparisons made.

Newman–Keuls method
The Newman–Keuls or Student–Newman–Keuls (SNK) method is a stepwise multiple comparisons procedure used to identify sample means that are significantly different from each other. It was named after Student (1927), D. Newman, and M. Keuls. This procedure is often used as a post-hoc test whenever a significant difference between three or more sample means has been revealed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Newman–Keuls method is similar to Tukey's range test as both procedures use studentized range statistics. Unlike Tukey's range test, the Newman–Keuls method uses different critical values for different pairs of mean comparisons. Thus, the procedure is more likely to reveal significant differences between group means and to commit type I errors by incorrectly rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true. In other words, the Neuman-Keuls procedure is more powerful but less conservative than Tukey's range test.
DZRJ-DTV
DZRJ-DTV (channel 29) is a commercial independent digital-only television station based in Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines. The station is the flagship TV property of Rajah Broadcasting Network, Inc., a broadcast company owned by long-time guitarist/musician Ramon "RJ" Jacinto. The station's broadcast facilities, shared with its AM and FM radio sisters, are located at the Ventures I Bldg., Makati Ave. cor. Gen. Luna St., Brgy. Poblacion, Makati; DZRJ-DTV's transmitter facility is located at Merano Street, Brgy. San Roque, Antipolo City, Rizal (sharing facilities with sister station 100.3 RJ FM).

DZRJ-DTV began in 1993 as DZRJ-TV which operated on UHF Channel 29 using the analog NTSC-M system from 1993 to 2018.

Rajah Broadcasting Network
Rajah Broadcasting Network, Inc. (which stands for RAmon JAcinto Holdings) is a Philippine television and radio network owned by guitarist-singer-businessman Ramon "RJ" Jacinto. The network's studio headquarters is located at Ventures I Building, Makati Avenue cor. General Luna Street, Makati, Metro Manila.
An American Girl: Grace Stirs Up Success
An American Girl: Grace Stirs Up Success is a 2015 family comedy-drama direct-to-video film starring Olivia Rodrigo in the title role, Virginia Madsen, Eloise Webb, Caitlin Carmichael, Notlim Taylor, Lili Bordán, Fabrice Michel, Roxane Bret, Krisztina Peremartoni and András Bálint in supporting roles, along with an appearance from restaurateur Joe Bastianich as himself. As with the previous films, Grace was directed by Vince Marcello, with screenplay by Jessica O'Toole and Amy Rardin.

The film focuses on 2015 Girl of the Year Grace Thomas, as she takes an unexpected trip to Paris and finds a way to save her grandparents' ailing bakery by joining in a season of MasterChef Junior.

MasterChef Junior (American TV series)
MasterChef Junior is an American cooking competition involving children from the ages of 8–13 that aired on Fox from September 27, 2013 to May 20, 2024. It is based on the format of the British series Junior MasterChef.

A ninth season was aired March–May 2024, with Gordon Ramsay, Aarón Sánchez, and Daphne Oz as returning judges, along with new judge Tilly Ramsay.