hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank Ross (Scottish politician)
Frank Ross (born 1959) is a Scottish politician who served as Lord Provost of Edinburgh from April 2017 until May 2022. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), he has been a councillor for the Corstorphine/Murrayfield ward in the City of Edinburgh Council since 2012.

Born in London, England, Ross moved to Glasgow before attending school in Edinburgh. He attended the Edinburgh Napier University, earning a BA in Business Studies. He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. In the 2012 Scottish local elections, he was elected to represent the Corstorphine/Murrayfield ward. Ross served as Deputy Leader of the council before being elected as Lord Provost in April 2017.

2012 Scottish local elections
The 2012 Scottish local elections were held on 3 May 2012 in all 32 local authorities. The Scottish National Party (SNP) overtook Labour to win the highest share of the vote, and retained and strengthened its position as the party with most councillors. Labour also made gains, while the Liberal Democrats experienced meltdown, losing over half their seats and falling behind the Conservatives.  For the first time since the introduction of the Single Transferable Vote system, the SNP won majority control of 2 councils, from no overall control. Labour also won majority control of 2 councils from no overall control, while retaining majority control over 2 councils.

Independent councillors retained majority control over the 3 island councils.  The 23 other councils remained under no overall control.
Kylie Leuluai
Kylie Leuluai (born 29 March 1978) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer. A New Zealand Māori and Samoa international representative prop, he most notably played at club level for the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League. He also played club football in Australia for National Rugby League clubs; the Balmain Tigers, Wests Tigers, Sydney Roosters, Parramatta Eels, and the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles.

Leuluai was a massive part of the Leeds Rhinos success during his nine seasons at the club, winning a total of six Grand Finals, two World Club Challenges and two Challenge Cups in that time to make him the most successful overseas player in the club's history.

World Club Challenge
The World Club Challenge is an annual rugby league competition between the winners of the Australian National Rugby League and the British Super League, for the de facto club world championship of the sport.

Super League sides have won the competition 16 times with National Rugby League sides having 14 wins.

The first such match was played in 1976, although this was not an official competitive game. The first official World Club Challenge saw Widnes Vikings beat Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford on 4 October 1989, after which it became a semi-regular fixture, though was paused in the 1990s due to the Super League war. The competition has been held almost every year since 2000.

Sydney Roosters and Wigan Warriors have both won the competition 5 times, the joint highest in all formats since the competition began.

Hull KR are the most recent champions after winning the 2026 event, defeating the Brisbane Broncos 30–24 at the MKM Stadium.
Tish Collins
Patricia 'Tish' Collins (born 1953) is chief executive officer of rural women's development charity Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW).  Born in London, she studied in the UK and East Germany, and worked for the National Farmers' Union and several charities before starting with ACWW in 2014.

National Farmers' Union of England and Wales
The National Farmers' Union (NFU) is an employer association representing farming and growing businesses within England and Wales.

The NFU originated as the Lincolnshire Farmers' Union (LFU) which was founded in 1904. Over the next four years, similar farmers' organisations were established in neighbouring counties. In 1908, these organisations formed the current National Farmers' Union. Colin Campbell was its first president.

The organisation has been led by Tom Bradshaw as president since 2024.
Indymedia
The Independent Media Center, better known as Indymedia, is an open publishing network of activist journalist collectives that report on political and social issues. Following beginnings during the 1999 Carnival Against Capital and 1999 Seattle WTO protests, Indymedia became closely associated with the global justice movement. The Indymedia network extended internationally in the early 2000s with volunteer-run centers that shared software and a common format with a newswire and columns. Police raided several centers and seized computer equipment. The centers declined in the 2010s with the waning of the global justice movement.

Global justice movement
The global justice movement is a network of globalized social movements demanding global justice by opposing what is often known as the "corporate globalization" and promoting equal distribution of economic resources.
Boris Onishchenko
Boris Grigoryevich Onishchenko (Russian: Борис Григорьевич Онищенко, pronounced [bɐˈrʲiz ɡrʲɪˈɡorʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ɐnʲɪˈɕːenkə]; Ukrainian: Борис Григорович Онищенко, romanized: Borys Hryhorovych Onyshchenko, pronounced [boˈrɪz ɦrɪˈɦɔrowɪtʃ onɪˈʃtʃɛnko]; born 19 September 1937) is a former Soviet modern pentathlete who competed at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics.

He was a member of the Soviet gold medal team in the 1972 Olympics.  From 1967 to 1974, he competed in six World Modern Pentathlon Championships, winning gold five times as an individual or as part of the Soviet squad.  He is best known for his disqualification from the 1976 Summer Olympics and subsequent lifetime ban for cheating by means of an illegally modified épée that falsely registered hits.

Modern pentathlon at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The modern pentathlon at the 1968 Summer Olympics was represented by two events (both for men): Individual competition and Team competition. As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon, one competition was held and each competitor's score was included to the Individual competition event results table and was also added to his teammates' scores to be included to the Team competition event results table. This competition consisted of 5 disciplines:

Equestrian, held on October 13

Fencing, held on October 14

Shooting, held on October 15

Swimming, held on October 16

Cross-country, held on October 17
Roldani Baldwin
Roldani Baldwin (born March 16, 1996) is a Dominican professional baseball catcher for the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He signed with the Boston Red Sox as an international free agent in 2013 and played for their organization until 2022. He won the bronze medal with the Dominican Republic national baseball team in the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Baseball was featured at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in Tokyo, for the first time since the 2008 Summer Olympics. Six national teams competed in the tournament: Israel, Japan (host), Mexico, South Korea, the United States, and the Dominican Republic.

Baseball/softball was one of five optional sports that were added to the programme of the 2020 Summer Olympics. It did not return in 2024 for the Paris Summer Olympics. The tournament was originally scheduled to be held in 2020, but on 24 March 2020, the Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the games were played behind closed doors.

The medals for the competition were presented by Mr. Yasuhiro Yamashita, IOC Member and Olympic Champion from Japan, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Riccardo Fraccari, WBSC President; Italy
Walter Horsford
Walter Horsford (April 1871 – 28 June 1898) was a murderer executed in June 1898 for poisoning his cousin Annie Holmes with strychnine. He was the first person to be executed in Cambridge, England, following the end of public executions, and a dedicated building was constructed for his hanging. His conviction was notable for relying solely on circumstantial evidence. He was suspected of three other murders using the same method.

Strychnine
Strychnine (/ˈstrɪkniːn, -nɪn/, STRIK-neen, -⁠nin, US chiefly /-naɪn/ -⁠nyne) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia. While it is no longer used medicinally, it was used historically in small doses to strengthen muscle contractions, such as a heart and bowel stimulant and performance-enhancing drug. The most common source is from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree.
Baramati Airport
Dadasaheb Ajit Anantrao Pawar Airport, Baramati is located in Baramati, Pune district of Maharashtra state in India. 
This airstrip was constructed by MIDC in 1996, at a distance of 12 km from Baramati city/ Baramati railway station.
It is currently being used for general aviation and pilot training.

Pune Airport
Pune Airport (IATA: PNQ, ICAO: VAPO) is a customs airport and an Indian Air Force (IAF) base (called Lohagaon Air Force Station) serving the city of Pune and Pimpri Chinchwad, Maharashtra, India. It is located at Lohagaon, approximately 11 km (6.8 mi)  northeast of the historic centre of Pune. The airport is a civil enclave operated by the Airports Authority of India at the western side of Lohagaon Air Force Station. A name change has been proposed for the airport to Jagadguru Sant Tukaram Maharaj Airport, which has been approved by the State Government.

The airport is the ninth-busiest airport by passenger traffic in India. The airport serves both domestic and international flights. In financial year 2024-25, the airport handled over 10.4 million passengers.
Július Kozma
Július Kozma (1 June 1929 – 26 November 2009) was a Slovak chess player, International Master (IM) (1957), Czechoslovak Chess Championship winner (1967), European Team Chess Championship team and individual medalist (1957).

European Team Chess Championship
The European Team Championship (often abbreviated in texts and games databases as ETC) is an international team chess event, eligible for the participation of European nations whose chess federations are located in zones 1.1 to 1.9. This more or less accords with the wider definition of Europe used in other events such as the Eurovision Song Contest and includes Israel, Russia and the former Soviet States. The competition is run under the auspices of the European Chess Union (ECU).
Boiler (power generation)
A boiler or steam generator is a device used to create steam by applying heat energy to water.  Although the definitions are somewhat flexible, it can be said that older steam generators were commonly termed boilers and worked at low to medium pressure (7–2,000 kPa or 1–290 psi) but, at pressures above this, it is more usual to speak of a steam generator.

A boiler or steam generator is used wherever a source of steam is required. The form and size depends on the application: mobile steam engines such as steam locomotives, portable engines and steam-powered road vehicles typically use a smaller boiler that forms an integral part of the vehicle; stationary steam engines, heating plants, industrial installations and power stations will usually have a larger separate steam generating facility connected to the point-of-use by piping. A notable exception is the steam-powered fireless locomotive, where separately-generated steam is transferred to a receiver (tank) on the locomotive.

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.
Kazimierz Sakowicz
Kazimierz Sakowicz (1894 – July 5, 1944) was a Polish journalist, soldier and member of the Polish resistance against Nazism. A witness to the prolonged Ponary massacre in German-occupied Vilnius, he chronicled much of it in his diary, before being murdered in 1944. His diary, which he buried in his garden and parts of which were recovered and reconstructed after the war, was published several decades after his death under the title Ponary Diary (first, in Polish in 1999, and translated into English in 2005). It is a detailed record of that atrocity of the Second World War, in which about 100,000 Jews, Poles and Russians were murdered by Germans and Lithuanian collaborators.

Polish resistance movement in World War II
In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State.
2004 MBNA America 400
The 2004 MBNA America 400 was the 28th stock car race of the 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series season, the second race of the 2004 Chase for the Nextel Cup, and the 36th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 26, 2004, before a crowd of 140,000 in Dover, Delaware at Dover International Speedway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 400 laps to complete. At race's end, Ryan Newman of Penske-Jasper Racing would dominate to win his 11th career NASCAR Nextel Cup Series win and his second and final win of the season. To fill out the Top 3, Mark Martin of Roush Racing finished 2nd, and Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports finished 3rd.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
Paclobutrazol
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is the ISO common name for an organic compound that is used as a plant growth retardant and triazole fungicide.  It is a known antagonist of the plant hormone gibberellin, acting by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis, reducing internodal growth to give stouter stems, increasing root growth, causing early fruitset and increasing seedset in plants such as tomato and pepper. PBZ has also been shown to reduce frost sensitivity in plants. Moreover, paclobutrazol can be used as a chemical approach for reducing the risk of lodging in cereal crops. PBZ has been used by arborists to reduce shoot growth and shown to have additional positive effects on trees and shrubs. Among those are improved resistance to drought stress, darker green leaves, higher resistance against fungi and bacteria, and enhanced development of roots. Cambial growth, as well as shoot growth, has been shown to be reduced in some tree species.

Gibberellin
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, flower development, and leaf and fruit senescence. They are one of the longest-known classes of plant hormone. It is thought that the selective breeding (albeit unconscious) of crop strains that were deficient in GA synthesis was one of the key drivers of the "green revolution" in the 1960s, a revolution that is credited to have saved over a billion lives all over the world.
Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany
Ferdinando de' Medici (9 August 1663 – 31 October 1713) was the eldest son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans. Ferdinando was heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, with the title Grand Prince, from his father's accession in 1670 until his death in 1713. He is remembered today primarily as a patron of music. An excellent musician himself (sometimes called "the Orpheus of princes"), he attracted top musicians to Florence and thus made it an important musical center. Through his patronage of Bartolomeo Cristofori, Ferdinando made possible the invention of the piano.

Fortepiano
A fortepiano [ˌfɔrteˈpjaːno] is an early piano. In principle, the word "fortepiano" can designate any piano dating from the invention of the instrument by Bartolomeo Cristofori in 1700 up to the early 19th century. Most typically, however, it is used to refer to the mid-18th to early-19th century instruments, for which composers of the Classical era, such as Haydn, Mozart wrote their piano music. Sometimes the work of Beethoven and Schubert is likewise considered as fortepiano music.

Starting in the late 18th century, the fortepiano began a period of steady evolution, culminating in the late 19th century with the modern grand. The earlier fortepiano became obsolete and was absent from the musical scene for many decades. In the later 20th century, the fortepiano was revived, following the rise of interest in historically informed performance. Fortepianos are built for that purpose, in specialist workshops.
Spring Stampede (1994)
The 1994 Spring Stampede was the inaugural Spring Stampede pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). The event took place on April 17, 1994, from the Rosemont Horizon in Rosemont, Illinois (though it was billed as Chicago).

The main event was a standard wrestling match between Ric Flair and Ricky Steamboat for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. The match ended in a double-pin, resulting in Flair retaining the title. However, the Commissioner Nick Bockwinkel stripped Flair of the title and booked a rematch for the title between Flair and Steamboat on the May 14 episode of Saturday Night, which Flair won.

Other matches on the card featured Sting defeating Rick Rude to win the International World Heavyweight Championship and Big Van Vader defeated The Boss while Steve Austin and Lord Steven Regal retained the United States Heavyweight Championship and the World Television Championship respectively.

Card (sports)
In sports, a card lists the matches taking place in a title match combat-sport event. Cards include a main event match and the undercard listing the rest of the matches. The undercard may be divided into a midcard and a lower card, according to the perceived importance of the matches.  Promoters schedule matches to occur in ascending order of importance.
Harvard College v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)
Harvard College v. Canada (Commissioner of Patents) [2002] 3 S.C.R. 519, 2002 SCC 68 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada case concerning the patentability of higher life forms within the context of the Patent Act. At issue was the patentability of the Harvard oncomouse, a mouse that had its genome genetically altered by a cancer-promoting gene (oncogene).  In a 5-4 split, the Canadian Supreme Court held that the oncomouse and higher life forms in general are not patentable subject matter in Canada.

Patent Act (Canada)
The Patent Act (French: Loi sur les brevets) is Canadian federal legislation and is one of the main pieces of Canadian legislation governing patent law in Canada. It sets out the criteria for patentability, what can and cannot be patented in Canada, the process for obtaining a Canadian patent, and provides for the enforcement of Canadian patent rights.
2018 Oceania Judo Championships
The 2018 Oceania Judo Championships was not the ninth but the thirty second edition of the Oceania Judo Championships, organised by the Oceania Judo Union. It took place in Nouméa, New Caledonia from 6–8 April 2018.

Oceania Judo Championships
Oceania Judo Championships is the Judo Oceanian Championship organized by the Oceania Judo Union. From 2022 to 2025 the tournament was held together with the Pan American Judo Championships and renamed at that time to Pan American-Oceania Judo Championships.
Bergman space
In complex analysis, functional analysis and operator theory, a Bergman space, named after Stefan Bergman, is a function space of holomorphic functions in a domain D of the complex plane that are sufficiently well-behaved at the boundary and also absolutely integrable. Specifically, for 0 < p < ∞, the Bergman space Ap(D) is the space of all holomorphic functions  in D for which the p-norm is finite:

The quantity  is called the norm of the function ; it is a true norm if , thus Ap(D) is the subspace of holomorphic functions of the space Lp(D). The Bergman spaces are Banach spaces for , which is a consequence of the following estimate that is valid on compact subsets K of D:Convergence of a sequence of holomorphic functions in Lp(D) thus implies compact convergence, and so the limit function is also holomorphic.

If p = 2, then Ap(D) is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space, whose kernel is given by the Bergman kernel.

Lp space
In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p-norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue (Dunford & Schwartz 1958, III.3), although according to the Bourbaki group (Bourbaki 1987) they were first introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1910).

Lp spaces form an important class of Banach spaces in functional analysis, and of topological vector spaces. Because of their key role in the mathematical analysis of measure and probability spaces, Lebesgue spaces are used also in the theoretical discussion of problems in physics, statistics, economics, finance, engineering, and other disciplines.
Robert G. Greenler
Robert G. Greenler was an American physicist. His research centered on the optical properties of surfaces. Greenler received his B.S. from the University of Rochester and a Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University. He taught physics at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee from 1962-1992. He became professor emeritus of the same university after his retirement.

Greenler was president of the Optical Society of America in 1987. He was the recipient of the Robert A. Millikan award in 1988.

He is well known for his popular lectures on physics "The Science Bag", which he started with colleague Glenn Schmieg in 1973. "The Science Bag" is a family friendly lecture series on every Friday evening and one Sunday a month at UW-Milwaukee Physics Building. In its 30-year existence the program attracted a cumulative audience of over 140,000 people.

Optica (society)
Optica, founded as the Optical Society of America (later the Optical Society), is a professional society of individuals and companies with an interest in optics and photonics. It publishes journals, organizes conferences and exhibitions, and carries out charitable activities.