hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nations in Scottish universities
Nations are student divisions at some of the ancient universities of Scotland.

Nations were a characteristic of some of the ancient universities and have gradually decreased in significance in recent times. As the newest of the ancient universities, nations never existed at the University of Edinburgh, and were abolished at St Andrews following discussions at the Royal Commission on the Universities of Scotland, which later led to the Universities (Scotland) Acts.

Student nations continued into modern times at the University of Aberdeen and the University of Glasgow for the specific purpose of electing a Rector of the university.

Ancient university governance in Scotland
The ancient university governance structure in Scotland is the organisational system imposed by a series of Acts of Parliament called the Universities (Scotland) Acts 1858 to 1966. The Acts applied to what were termed the 'older universities': the University of St Andrews, the University of Glasgow, the University of Aberdeen and the University of Edinburgh. Together these four universities are commonly referred to as the ancient universities of Scotland. Whilst the Acts do not directly apply to the University of Dundee (except insofar as section 13 of the Act of 1966 conferred a power to appoint, by Order in Council, the date for its independence from the University of St Andrews), the same governance structure was ordained for use by that institution in its royal charter.
1973 Can-Am season
The 1973 Canadian-American Challenge Cup was the eighth season of the Can-Am auto racing series. It consisted of FIA Group 7 racing cars running two-hour sprint events.

It began June 10, 1973, and ended October 28, 1973, after eight rounds. The season was dominated by two of the turbocharged Porsche 917/10 and then by the improved /30 version of Team Penske driven by Mark Donohue.

The last two races came amid the Oil Crisis, which ended interest in performance cars after an already-declining market over a several-year period. The golden age of the Trans Am Series had ended after the 1972 season, leaving Can Am and Formula 5000 as the frontrunners of the SCCA. The season was also the penultimate season of the CanAm series, which would fold after 1974 before being revived in an entirely reworked series based on F5000 a few years later.

Mark Donohue
Mark Neary Donohue Jr. (March 18, 1937 – August 19, 1975), nicknamed "Captain Nice", was an American race car driver and engineer known for his ability to develop and set up his race car as well as driving it, often to victory.

Donohue was the developer and driver of the 1500+ bhp "Can-Am Killer" Porsche 917-30. He won the 1972 Indianapolis 500. Cars that Donohue raced include: AMC Javelin, AMC Matador, Chevrolet Camaro, Eagle-Offy, Elva Courier, Ford GT40 MK IV, Ferrari 250LM, Ferrari 512, Lola T70, Lola T330, Lotus 20, McLaren M16, Porsche 911, Porsche 917/10, Porsche 917/30, Shelby Cobra, and Shelby Mustang GT350R.
Boss Film Studios
Boss Film Studios was a prominent American visual effects company, founded by visual effects veteran Richard Edlund after his departure from Industrial Light and Magic, producing visual effects for over thirty films from 1983 to 1997. Before that period Edlund had worked at ILM on films like Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and the original Star Wars trilogy (1977-1983).

Industrial Light & Magic
Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is an American motion picture visual effects, computer animation and stereo conversion digital studio founded by George Lucas on May 26, 1975. It is a division of the film production company Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded, and was created when he began production on the original Star Wars, the fourth episode of the Skywalker Saga.

ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then later moved to San Rafael in 1978, and since 2005 it has been based at the Letterman Digital Arts Center in the Presidio of San Francisco. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired ILM as part of its purchase of Lucasfilm. As of 2026, Industrial Light & Magic has won 15 Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects.
Taphrina caerulescens
Taphrina caerulescens is a species of fungus in the family Taphrinaceae. It is a pathogenic Ascomycete fungus that causes oak leaf blister disease on various species of oak trees (Quercus spp.). The associated anamorph species is Lalaria coccinea, described in 1990. This disease causes lesions and blisters on Oak leaves.  Effects of the disease are mostly cosmetic.  Although not taxonomically defined, strains of T. caerulescens have been shown to be host specific with varying ¬ascus morphology between strains. There are differences in strains' abilities to metabolize various carbon and nitrogen compounds.  This has been proposed as a method of taxonomically defining subspecies within T. caerulescens.

Taphrina caerulescens is very closely related to Taphrina deformans, which causes peach leaf curl.  These two pathogens have indistinguishable asci.  However, T. deformans infects peach tree species while T. caerulescens infects Oak tree species only.

Taphrina deformans
Taphrina deformans is a fungus and plant pathogen, and a causal agent[s] of peach leaf curl. Peach trees infected with T. deformans will experience leaf puckering and distortion, acquiring a characteristic downward and inward curl. Leaves will also undergo chlorosis, turning a pale green or yellow, and later show a red or purple tint. Fruit can either drop prematurely or show surface distortions. Severe infection can also produce lesions on the flowers. The host tree will experience defoliation if the leaves are badly diseased. If a seedling is severely infected, it may die. Almond trees display similar symptoms.
Los Angeles Ballers
The Los Angeles Ballers were a professional basketball team based in Los Angeles, California. The team competed in the Junior Basketball Association (JBA), a league created for high school and junior college players as an alternative to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). They won the championship for the league's only 2018 season.

2018 JBA season
The 2018 JBA season was the only season of the Junior Basketball Association (JBA), an American men's professional basketball league. The JBA was designed as an alternative to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), allowing high school and junior college players to immediately play professionally. The season began on June 21 and concluded with the JBA Finals on August 12, 2018. After the season concluded, the JBA selected many of its top players to take part in what was originally a 28-game international season against teams from various countries in Europe and Asia. However, an incident in Lithuania lead to a shortening of the event, with teams dropping out of matches and Asian teams cancelling their matches for late 2018 and early 2019 altogether.
1982 VFL season
The 1982 VFL season was the 86th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 20 March until 25 September, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top five clubs.

The season saw the VFL establish its first permanent interstate presence, as the South Melbourne Football Club (which was known after June just as the Swans, being renamed Sydney the following year) played all of its home games on Sunday afternoons in Sydney, New South Wales.

The premiership was won by the Carlton Football Club for the 14th time and second time consecutively, after it defeated Richmond by 18 points in the VFL grand final.

Leigh Matthews
Leigh Raymond Matthews (born 1 March 1952) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach. He played for Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and coached Collingwood and the Brisbane Lions in the VFL and renamed Australian Football League (AFL). Leigh has credited Robert Korda, his closest friend and mentor to guiding him to 3 premierships with the Lions in 2001, 2002 and 2003.

Squat, short-legged and barrel-chested, Matthews earned the iconic nickname "Lethal Leigh" due to his physical as well as skillful style of play. He is officially recognized as the "best player of the 20th century" according to the AFL, is a 'Legend' in the Australian Football Hall of Fame, named in the Hawthorn and AFL teams of the century, and is one of the most successful AFL coaches of all time. Following his coaching career, Matthews has had multiple media roles, most notably as an AFL commentator on television with the Seven Network, and on radio with 3AW.
2014–15 Svenska Cupen qualifying rounds
The 2014–15 Svenska Cupen is the 59th season of Svenska Cupen and the third season with the current format. The winners of the competition will earn a place in the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, unless they have already qualified for European competition, in which case the qualification spot will go to another team, determined by a number of factors.

A total of 96 clubs will enter the competition. IF Elfsborg are the defending champions, having beaten Helsingborgs IF 1–0 in last season's final.

The only two associations of the Swedish District Football Associations that had a qualifying tournament were Dalarnas FF and Örebro Läns FF, the other districts decided their teams by Distriktsmästerskap (District Championships) or by club ranking 2013.

2014–15 Svenska Cupen
The 2014–15 Svenska Cupen was the 59th season of Svenska Cupen and the third season with the current format. The winners of the competition earned a place in the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League. If they had already qualified for European competition, in which case the qualification spot will go to fourth placed team of the 2014 Allsvenskan.

A total of 96 clubs entered the competition. IF Elfsborg are the defending champions, having beaten Helsingborgs IF 1–0 in last season's final. The final was played on 17 May 2015. The final venue will be selected through a draw between the two finalists. This is a return to a format that was used between 2007 and 2011.

IFK Göteborg won their seventh Svenska Cupen title on 17 May 2015 after defeating Örebro SK 2–1.
2012 Stony Brook Seawolves baseball team
The 2012 Stony Brook Seawolves baseball team represented Stony Brook University in the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Seawolves were coached by 22nd-year head coach Matt Senk and played their home games at Joe Nathan Field. The Seawolves clinched their second consecutive regular season championship and their fourth America East Conference baseball tournament championship, earning the league's automatic bid to the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball tournament, their fourth appearance in school history.

In the NCAA tournament, the team went on to win the Coral Gables Regional. They then defeated LSU in the Baton Rouge Super Regional, becoming the first ever team from the America East Conference to advance to the College World Series, the first team from New York in thirty years, and the first team from the Northeast since 1986.

2012 NCAA Division I baseball season
The 2012 NCAA Division I baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began on February 17, 2012. The season progressed through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and concluded with the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball tournament and 2012 College World Series. The College World Series, consisting of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA tournament and held annually in Omaha, Nebraska, at TD Ameritrade Park concluded on June 25, 2012 with the final game of the best of three championship series. Arizona defeated two-time defending champion South Carolina two games to none to claim their fourth championship.
1975 Boise State Broncos football team
The 1975 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University during the 1975 NCAA Division II football season, the eighth season of Bronco football (at the four-year level) and the third in the newly reorganized Division II. The Broncos were in their sixth year as members of the Big Sky Conference (and NCAA) and played their home games on campus at Bronco Stadium in Boise, Idaho.

Prior to the season, the stadium was expanded with an upper deck added to the east grandstand, which increased the permanent seating capacity to 20,000. Part of the original design, it had been delayed for five years due to high costs. Attendance records for the venue were set in each of the first four home games.

Boise State University
Boise State University (BSU) is a public research university in Boise, Idaho, United States. Founded in 1932 by the Episcopal Church, it became an independent junior college in 1934 and has been awarding baccalaureate and master's degrees since 1965. It became a public institution in 1969.

Boise State offers more than 100 graduate programs, including a variety of MBA programs and the MAcc program in the College of Business and Economics; master's and PhD programs in the Colleges of Engineering, Arts & Sciences, and Education; MPA program in the School of Public Service; and the MPH program in the College of Health Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". In the 2024 fiscal year, Boise State reported total research awards exceeding $83 million and research expenditures surpassing $70 million.

The university's intercollegiate athletic teams, the Broncos, compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mountain West Conference.
2015 North Dakota Fighting Hawks football team
The 2015 North Dakota Fighting Hawks football team represented the University of North Dakota during the 2015 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by second year head coach Bubba Schweigert and played their home games at the Alerus Center.  The Fighting Hawks are a member of the Big Sky Conference.

Although playing most of the season without an official mascot, 2015 was North Dakota's first year with their new nickname as it was announced on November 18 that the university had adopted the Fighting Hawks after a public vote of students, faculty, staff and other members of the University of North Dakota community.

The Fighting Hawks finished the season 7–4, 5–3 in Big Sky play to finish in a four way tie for fourth place.

2015 NCAA Division I FCS football season
The 2015 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, was organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. The season began on August 29, 2015, and concluded with the 2016 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game played on January 9, 2016, at Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas. North Dakota State won its fifth consecutive title, defeating Jacksonville State, 37–10.
2009 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 2009 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by second-year head coach Bobby Petrino, the Razorbacks compiled an overall record of 8–5 with a mark of 3–5 in conference play, placing a three-way tie for fourth at the bottom of the standings in the SEC's Western Division. Arkansas  was invited to the Liberty Bowl, where the Razorbacks defeated East Carolina in overtime. The team played five home games at Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville, Arkansas and two home games at War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Ryan Mallett
Ryan Michael Mallett (June 5, 1988 – June 27, 2023) was an American professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the New England Patriots, Houston Texans, and Baltimore Ravens.

Mallett played college football for the Michigan Wolverines and Arkansas Razorbacks. While with Arkansas, he was a two-time, second-team all-conference selection in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). He was selected by the Patriots in the third round of the 2011 NFL draft. After his playing career, Mallett served as the head football coach at White Hall High School in White Hall, Arkansas.
2015 Washington Nationals season
The 2015 Washington Nationals season was the Nationals' 11th season as the baseball franchise of Major League Baseball in the District of Columbia, the eighth season at Nationals Park, and the 47th since the original team was started in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The team finished second in the National League East with a record of 83–79. Manager Matt Williams and the entire coaching staff were dismissed after the season.

Matt Grace
Matthew Aaron Grace (born December 14, 1988) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Nationals and Arizona Diamondbacks.
2006 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 2006 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  The team's head football coach was Lloyd Carr. The Wolverines played their home games at Michigan Stadium.

The Wolverines came into the season with lower expectations than many Michigan teams of the previous few seasons, ranked #14. They won their first 11 games and rose to No. 2 in the national rankings before losing a close battle in Columbus to top-ranked Ohio State.  Michigan concluded their schedule in the Rose Bowl against the USC Trojans. The game was tied 3–3 at half time, but USC pulled away in the second half, handing Michigan their second loss of the season.

The 2006 Michigan Wolverines finished the season with a record of 11–2, ranked No. 8 in the nation, and tied for second in the Big Ten Conference with Wisconsin, whom they defeated, 27–13, early that season.

Chad Henne
Chad Steven Henne (/ˈhɛni/; born July 2, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for 15 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan Wolverines, where he is the all-time leader in passing yards and touchdowns, with 9,715 yards and 87 touchdowns. He was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the second round of the 2008 NFL draft, and started multiple seasons over his NFL career, for both the Dolphins and Jacksonville Jaguars. He also won two Super Bowls with the Kansas City Chiefs, serving as the backup quarterback.
James J. Stoker
James Johnston Stoker (March 2, 1905 – October 19, 1992) was an American applied mathematician and engineer. He was director of the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and is considered one of the founders of the institute, Courant and Friedrichs being the others. Stoker is known for his work in differential geometry and theory of water waves. He is also the author of the now classic book Water Waves: The Mathematical Theory with Applications.

Kurt Otto Friedrichs
Kurt Otto Friedrichs (September 28, 1901 – December 31, 1982) was a German-American mathematician. He was the co-founder of the Courant Institute at New York University, and a recipient of the National Medal of Science.
Half Past Dead 2
Half Past Dead 2 is a 2007 American action film directed by Art Camacho and starring Bill Goldberg and Kurupt. It is a sequel to the 2002 film Half Past Dead. Kurupt and Tony Plana are the only actors to return from the first film. The film was released straight to video in the United States on May 15, 2007.

Half Past Dead
Half Past Dead is a 2002 American action film written and directed by Don Michael Paul in his directorial debut. It was produced by Elie Samaha, Andrew Stevens, and Steven Seagal, who also starred in the lead role. The film co-stars Morris Chestnut, Ja Rule, Tony Plana, Kurupt, and Nia Peeples.

It tells the story of a criminal who infiltrates a prison to interrogate a prisoner about the location of a fortune in gold while an undercover FBI agent has to stop him.

Distribution and copyrights were held by Columbia Pictures. Half Past Dead was released in the United States on November 15, 2002, by Screen Gems. The film was panned by critics, and only grossed $19 million worldwide against its $25 million production budget. Half Past Dead was Steven Seagal's last widely released film before he shifted to several direct-to-video films in many years until 2010.
1996 New England Patriots season
The 1996 New England Patriots season was the franchise's 27th season in the National Football League (NFL) and the 37th overall. The Patriots finished with a record of 11–5 and finished first in the AFC East division. After a disappointing 1995 season, Drew Bledsoe bounced back with 4,086 passing yards and threw 27 touchdown passes to 15 interceptions while Curtis Martin had another Pro Bowl season. The team's two playoff wins came by double-digit margins: first in the divisional playoff game and then in the AFC Championship Game, which was the franchise's first in 11 years. The Patriots would go on to lose Super Bowl XXXI to the Green Bay Packers 35–21.

Tedy Bruschi
Tedy Lacap Bruschi (/ˈbruːski/; born June 9, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for 13 seasons. He played college football for the Arizona Wildcats, where he earned two-time consensus All-American. He was selected by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 1996 NFL draft, and played his entire professional career with them. Bruschi won three Super Bowls and was a two-time second-team All-Pro selection.

He served as the senior advisor to the head coach at the University of Arizona from 2021 to 2023.
2024–25 NBL season
The 2024–25 NBL season was the 47th season of the National Basketball League since its establishment in 1979. A total of ten teams contested in the 2024–25 season.

The league extended its partnership with ESPN Australia. All games are available live on ESPN, Kayo Sports and Fetch TV. Network 10 broadcasts the marquee 2:30pm Sunday game on Network 10’s main channel followed by the second game at 4:30pm on 10 Bold and 10Play. In New Zealand, ESPN New Zealand will be the official league broadcaster.

As Australia and New Zealand participated in 2025 FIBA Asia Cup qualification, the league took a break during the FIBA international windows of 18–27 November 2024 and 17–25 February 2025.

The Illawarra Hawks won their second championship, ending a 24-year title drought, after defeating Melbourne United in the Grand Final series.

Tyrell Harrison
Tyrell Harrison (born 6 July 1999) is an Australian-New Zealand professional basketball player for the Brisbane Bullets of the National Basketball League (NBL). Born in Brisbane, he represents New Zealand in international basketball competitions.
2011 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
The 2011 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada, Reno in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Wolf Pack were led by Chris Ault in his 27th overall and 8th straight season since taking over as head coach for the third time in 2004. They played their home games at Mackay Stadium and were members of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). They finished the season 7–6 and 5–2 in WAC play to finish in a tie for second place. They were invited to their seventh straight bowl game, the Hawaii Bowl, where they lost to Southern Miss by 17 to 24.

This was the Wolf Pack's last year as a member of the WAC as they joined the Mountain West Conference for the 2012 season.

2011 Hawaii Bowl
The 2011 Sheraton Hawaii Bowl, the tenth edition of the game, was a post-season American college football bowl game, held on Christmas Eve 2011, at Aloha Stadium in Halawa, Hawaii as part of the 2011–12 NCAA Bowl season. It was telecast at 2:00 p.m. HT on ESPN and was sponsored by Sheraton Hotels and Resorts.

The game featured the Nevada Wolf Pack from the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) versus the Southern Miss Golden Eagles from Conference USA (C-USA). Southern Miss defeated Nevada, 24–17.