hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gansu Provincial People's Government
The Gansu Provincial People's Government is the local administrative agency of Gansu. It is officially elected by the Gansu Provincial People's Congress and is formally responsible to the Gansu Provincial People's Congress and its Standing Committee. Under the country's one-party system, the governor is subordinate to the secretary of the Gansu Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. The Provincial government is headed by a governor, currently Ren Zhenhe.

Gansu Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
The Gansu Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the provincial committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Gansu, China, and the province's top authority. The CCP committee secretary is the highest ranking post in the province.
Central Institute of Socialism
The Central Institute of Socialism (CIS) is the higher education institution in China which trains cadres from the eight minor political parties and those not affiliated with political parties. A united front organ, it is organized by the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It is located in Beijing.

United Front Work Department
The United Front Work Department (UFWD) is an organ of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) responsible for conducting "united front work." It manages relations with, gathers intelligence on, and attempts to gain influence over elite individuals and organizations inside and outside mainland China, including in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and in other countries.

The UFWD focuses its work on people or entities that are outside the CCP, especially in the overseas Chinese diaspora, who hold political, commercial, religious, or academic influence, or who represent interest groups. Through its efforts, the UFWD seeks to ensure that these individuals and groups are supportive of or useful to CCP interests and that potential critics remain divided.
Nanofiltration
Nanofiltration is a membrane filtration process that uses nanometer sized pores through which particles smaller than about 1–10 nanometers pass through the membrane. Nanofiltration membranes have pore sizes of about 1–10 nanometers, smaller than those used in microfiltration and ultrafiltration, but a slightly bigger than those in reverse osmosis. Membranes used are predominantly polymer thin films. It is used to soften, disinfect, and remove impurities from water, and to purify or separate chemicals such as pharmaceuticals.

Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate (filtrate). This separation process is used in industry and research for purifying and concentrating macromolecular (103–106 Da) solutions, especially protein solutions.

Ultrafiltration is not fundamentally different from microfiltration. Both of these are separate based on size exclusion or particle capture. It is fundamentally different from membrane gas separation, which separate based on different amounts of absorption and different rates of diffusion. Ultrafiltration membranes are defined by the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the membrane used. Ultrafiltration is applied in cross-flow or dead-end mode.
Ctenophorus kartiwarru
Ctenophorus kartiwarru, commonly known as the Red-backed Sand Dragon, is a species of lizard from the family Agamidae. The species was discovered in 2023 as a split from the Mallee military dragon (Ctenophorus fordi).

Mallee military dragon
The Mallee dragon (Ctenophorus fordi), also commonly known as the Mallee dragon and the Mallee sand-dragon, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is native to the arid parts of southern Australia.
Barry Wynks
Barry Graham Wynks QSM (5 November 1952 – 10 December 2020) was a New Zealand lawn bowler.

Wynks won the silver medal, along with teammates Lynda Bennett and Mark Noble, in the Open para-sport triples event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. He won another silver medal, along with teammates Mark Noble and Bruce Wakefield, in the Open para-sport triples event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.

An accomplished table tennis player, Wynks represented the Manawatu centre for many years, and reached the last 32 in the men's singles at the New Zealand table tennis championships in 1972 and 1973. In the 1982 New Year Honours, Wynks was awarded the Queen's Service Medal for community service.

Wynks died on 10 December 2020 at the age of 68.

King's Service Medal
The King's Service Medal (created as the Queen's Service Medal in 1975 and renamed in 2024) is a medal awarded by the government of New Zealand to recognise and reward volunteer service to the community and also public service in elected or appointed public office. It was established in 1975 and is related to the King's Service Order. The QSM replaced the Imperial Service Medal as an award of New Zealand.

On 3 May 2024, the Queen's Service Medal was renamed to the King's Service Medal by Royal Warrant. Recipients of the Queen's Service Medal from 1975 until May 2024 will continue to use the 'QSM' postnominal letters with recipients of the King's Service Medal from June 2024 using the postnominal letters 'KSM'.
NGC 1190
NGC 1190 is a lenticular galaxy approximately 109 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Eridanus. It was discovered by American astronomer Francis Leavenworth on December 2, 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.

NGC 1190 is dominated by stellar light with little long wavelength emission.

Together with NGC 1189, NGC 1191, NGC 1192 and NGC 1199 it forms Hickson Compact Group 22 (HCG 22) galaxy group. Although they are considered members of this group, NGC 1191 and NGC 1192 are in fact background objects, since they are much further away compared to the other members of this group.

Eridanus (constellation)
Eridanus is a constellation which stretches along the southern celestial hemisphere. It is represented as a river. One of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is the sixth largest of the modern constellations.  The same name was later taken as a Latin name for the real Po River and also for the name of a minor river in Athens.
Alternative veterinary medicine
Alternative veterinary medicine is the use of alternative medicine in the treatment of animals. Types of alternative therapies used for veterinary treatments may include, but are not limited to, acupuncture, herbal medicine, homeopathy, ethnomedicine and chiropractic. The term includes many treatments that do not have enough evidence to support them being a standard method within many veterinary practices.

Veterinary acupuncture
Veterinary acupuncture is a form of traditional Chinese medicine and a pseudoscientific practice of performing acupuncture on animals. The best studies of the effects of animal acupuncture have produced consistently negative results.
Leonard Pozner
Leonard Pozner (born 1967) is the father of a Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting victim, Noah Pozner. He is the founder of the HONR Network, a nonprofit organization that supports victims of mass violence who experience hate speech and harassment online.

HONR Network
HONR Network is an advocacy organization focused on combating online harassment, misinformation, and digital abuse. The organization has received investigative media coverage for its public voice in discussions around conspiracy-driven harassment and accountability in online activism. Its efforts have led to significant policy changes at Facebook, WordPress, YouTube and other major online platforms to protect victims of harassment.
1950 United States Senate election in Washington
The 1950 United States Senate election in Washington was held on November 7, 1950. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Warren Magnuson won a second term in office, defeating Republican nominee W. Walter Williams.

Warren Magnuson
Warren Grant Magnuson (April 12, 1905 – May 20, 1989) was an American lawyer and politician who represented the state of Washington in Congress for 44 years, first as a representative from 1937 to 1944, and then as a senator from 1944 to 1981. Magnuson was a member of the Democratic Party. He was Washington state's longest-serving senator, serving over 36 years. During his final two years in office, he was the most senior senator and president pro tempore. Magnuson was the longest-serving member of Congress to end his career by being defeated for reelection.
Desert Lights
Desert Lights is the fifth studio album by Australian band, Something for Kate, released on 1 June 2006. It peaked at No. 1 on the ARIA Charts – their second studio album to do so after The Official Fiction (August 2003). Desert Lights was accredited gold by ARIA for shipment of 35,000 copies by the end of 2006.

The Official Fiction
The Official Fiction was the fourth studio album by Australian band Something for Kate. The album debuted at Number 1 on the ARIA charts and earned platinum status for sales exceeding 70,000 units. It earned the band four ARIA Music Award nominations (Album of the Year, Best Rock Album, Best Group, Best Cover Art) and took out Rolling Stone's Album of the Year and Single of the Year for "Déjà Vu". The first single from the album, "Déjà Vu", remains a staple of their live sets.  It was followed by two other singles, "Song for a Sleepwalker" and "Moving Right Along".
Playa de la Cocina
Playa de la Cocina is a beach on La Graciosa island, part of the municipality of Teguise in Lanzarote, Spain. It is situated near the southwestern point of the island, in a little bay at the foot of the Montaña Amarilla. It is a 10 minutes walk from Playa Francesa in the southwest of the Caleta de Sebo village. The beach's average width is 10 meters and length is 100 metres.

The beach is used for swimming, snorkeling and sunbathing. Playa de la Cocina is accessible by about an hours walk from Caleta del Sebo. Along with Playa de las Conchas Playa de la Cocina is known as one of the "most beautiful beaches in the Canary Islands".

Playa de la Cocina is part of a marked coastal hiking route described by Spain’s National Parks Network (Red de Parques Nacionales), which connects several southern beaches of La Graciosa, including Playa del Salado and Playa Francesa.

Caleta de Sebo
Caleta de Sebo (or Caleta del Sebo) is the main settlement and capital community of La Graciosa (Canary Islands, Spain).

With a population of 730 (INE, 2018), Caleta de Sebo, together with the rest of the island of La Graciosa, is included in the municipality of Teguise on Lanzarote.

Tourism is the main industry along with fishing. Every year, tourists visit the island for its temperate climate and its sandy volcanic coasts. The island has a school, a lyceum, a post office, supermarkets, a port, beaches, the only bank on the island (a Bankia bank branch reported as being in danger of closing in September 2013) and a square (plaza) where bicycles can be hired.

The town is the only port of entry to the island, offering regular ferry services to Órzola, Lanzarote.
Pirjo Ala-Kapee-Hakulinen
Pirjo Anneli Ala-Kapee-Hakulinen (born 25 March 1944) is a Finnish politician who was the minister of education in the fourth cabinet of prime minister Kalevi Sorsa from 1986 to 1987. A member of the Social Democratic Party, she was also a member of the Finnish Parliament from 1979 to 1989.

Kalevi Sorsa
Taisto Kalevi Sorsa (21 December 1930 – 16 January 2004) was a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland three times: 1972–1975, 1977–1979 and 1982–1987. At the time of his death he still held the record for most days of incumbency as Finnish prime minister. He was also a long-time leader of the Social Democratic Party of Finland.
NRP Bérrio
NRP Bérrio (A5210) was a fleet support tanker of the Portuguese Navy. She was built by Swan Hunter in 1969 at Hebburn, England as RFA Blue Rover (A270) of the Rover-class and from 1970 to 1993 was part of the British Royal Fleet Auxiliary. In 1982 during her British service she participated in the Falklands War.

In 1993, she was sold to the Portuguese Navy who renamed her Bérrio. She participated in Operation Crocodile (Operação Crocodilo) in 1998, as part of the Portuguese naval task force that rescued foreign nationals caught up in the civil conflicts in Guinea-Bissau and then supported the mediators of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries in the peace talks between the parties in the conflict.

The vessel was decommissioned on 1 June 2020.

Rover-class tanker
The Rover class is a British ship class of five small fleet tankers, active from 1970 to 2017 with the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA), the naval auxiliary fleet of the United Kingdom. One remains in service, having been sold to Indonesia; the rest have been scrapped or are awaiting disposal, including the one sold to Portugal. They are tasked with the replenishment at sea (RAS) of naval warships with fuel oils and with limited supplies of other naval stores. For RAS tasking, they can refuel a vessel on either beam and a third trailing astern and have a large flight deck to allow vertical replenishment with helicopters.
International Protein Index
The International Protein Index (IPI) is a defunct protein database launched in 2001 by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), and closed in 2011. Its purpose was to provide the proteomics community with a resource that enables

accession numbers from a variety of bioinformatics databases to be mapped

a complete set of proteins for a species i.e. a reference set

In its last version, the IPI contained the complete reference sets for six animal species: Homo sapiens (human), Mus musculus (mouse), Rattus norvegicus (rat), Bos taurus (cattle), Gallus gallus (chicken) and Danio rerio (zebrafish); and one plant species: Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). The human, mouse and rat datasets were the first to be developed, combining information taken from the Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL, Ensembl and RefSeq databases.

Ensembl genome database project
Ensembl genome database project is a scientific project at the European Bioinformatics Institute, which provides a centralized resource for geneticists, molecular biologists and other researchers studying the genomes of our own species and other vertebrates and model organisms. Ensembl is one of several well known genome browsers for the retrieval of genomic information.

Similar databases and browsers are found at NCBI and the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC).
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis (rockcress) is a genus of small flowering plants in the cabbage and mustard family, Brassicaceae. Arabidopsis species are native to temperate and subarctic Eurasia and North America, North Africa, and the mountains of eastern tropical Africa. This genus is of great interest since it contains thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of the model organisms used for studying plant biology and the first plant to have its entire genome sequenced. Changes in thale cress are easily observed, making it a very useful model.

Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small plant from the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and Africa. Commonly found along the shoulders of roads and in disturbed land, it is generally considered a weed.

A winter annual with a relatively short lifecycle, A. thaliana is a popular model organism in plant biology and genetics. For a complex multicellular eukaryote, A. thaliana has a relatively small genome of around 135 megabase pairs. It was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, and is an important tool for understanding the molecular biology of many plant traits, including flower development and light sensing.
Niaz Ahmed (musician)
Niaz Ahmed (3 December 1946 – 28 May 2019) was a Pakistani television, radio, and film musician. He is known for composing classical, semi-classical, and patriotic songs for Radio Pakistan and Pakistan Television.

His popular melodies include Itne Baray Jeevan Saagar Mein Tu Ne Pakistan Dia (singer: Allan Faqir), Dekh Tera Kiya Rang Kar Dia Hai (singer: Alamgir), Mera Inaam Pakistan (singer: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan), and many others. He has over 2000 music compositions to his credit.

Alamgir (singer)
Alamgir Haq (born 11 August 1955) is a Pakistani singer-songwriter, guitarist, and one of the pioneers of pop music in Pakistan also widely well-known in Bangladesh. His style of singing is inspired by playback singer Ahmed Rushdi and Elvis Presley. He is known as "Elvis of the East".
Regression testing
Regression testing (rarely, non-regression testing) is re-running functional and non-functional tests to ensure that previously developed and tested software still performs as expected after a change. If not, that would be called a regression.

Changes that may require regression testing include bug fixes, software enhancements, configuration changes, and even substitution of electronic components (hardware). As regression test suites tend to grow with each found defect, test automation is frequently involved. Sometimes a change impact analysis is performed to determine an appropriate subset of tests (non-regression analysis).

Functional testing
In software development, functional testing is a form of software testing that verifies whether a system meets its functional requirements.

Generally, functional testing is black-box, meaning the internal program structure is ignored (unlike for white-box testing).

Sometimes, functional testing is a quality assurance (QA) process.

As a form of system testing, functional testing tests slices of functionality of the whole system. 
Despite similar naming, functional testing is not testing the code of a single function.

The concept of incorporating testing earlier in the delivery cycle is not restricted to functional testing.
Epsilon Cassiopeiae
Epsilon Cassiopeiae is a single star in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia. It has the proper name Segin, pronounced /ˈsɛɡɪn/; Epsilon Cassiopeiae is the Bayer designation, which is Latinized from ε Cassiopeiae and abbreviated Epsilon Cas or ε Cas. With an apparent visual magnitude of 3.4, this is one of the brightest stars in the constellation. The distance to this star has been determined directly using parallax measurements, yielding a value of around 460–430 light-years (140–130 parsecs) from the Sun. It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −8 km/s.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Heilbron (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Heilbron, known as Heilbron-Frankfort for the 1953 general election, was a constituency in the Orange Free State Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994. Named after the town of Heilbron, the seat covered a large rural area in the east of the province, bordering the Transvaal. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly.

Orange Free State (province)
The Province of the Orange Free State (Afrikaans: Provinsie Oranje-Vrystaat), commonly referred to as the Orange Free State (Afrikaans: Oranje-Vrystaat), Free State (Afrikaans: Vrystaat) or by its abbreviation OFS, was one of the four provinces of South Africa from 1910 to 1994. After 27 April 1994 it was dissolved following the first non-racial election in South Africa. It is now called the Free State Province.

Its predecessor was the Orange River Colony which in 1902 had replaced the Orange Free State, a Boer republic.

Its outside borders were the same as those of the modern Free State Province; except for the bantustans ("homelands") of QwaQwa and one part of Bophuthatswana, which were contained on land inside of the provincial Orange Free State borders.
Dudley railway station
Dudley railway station served the market town of Dudley, in the West Midlands, England. It was built where the Oxford-Worcester-Wolverhampton Line and the South Staffordshire Line diverged to Wolverhampton, and to Walsall and Lichfield respectively.

Wolverhampton Low Level railway station
Wolverhampton Low Level was a railway station on Sun Street, in Springfield, Wolverhampton, England.

It was built by the Great Western Railway (GWR), on their route from London Paddington to Birkenhead, via Birmingham Snow Hill. It was the most northerly broad-gauge station on the GWR network.
Focal and diffuse brain injury
Focal and diffuse brain injury are ways to classify brain injury: focal injury occurs in a specific location, while diffuse injury occurs over a more widespread area. It is common for both focal and diffuse damage to occur as a result of the same event; many traumatic brain injuries have aspects of both focal and diffuse injury. Focal injuries are commonly associated with an injury in which the head strikes or is struck by an object; diffuse injuries are more often found in acceleration/deceleration injuries, in which the head does not necessarily contact anything, but brain tissue is damaged because tissue types with varying densities accelerate at different rates.  In addition to physical trauma, other types of brain injury, such as stroke, can also produce focal and diffuse injuries. There may be primary and secondary brain injury processes.

Primary and secondary brain injury
Primary and secondary brain injury are ways to classify the injury processes that occur in brain injury.  In traumatic brain injury (TBI), primary brain injury occurs during the initial insult, and results from displacement of the physical structures of the brain. Secondary brain injury occurs gradually and may involve an array of cellular processes. Secondary injury, which is not caused by mechanical damage, can result from the primary injury or be independent of it.  The fact that people sometimes deteriorate after brain injury was originally taken to mean that secondary injury was occurring. It is not well understood how much of a contribution primary and secondary injuries respectively have to the clinical manifestations of TBI.

Primary and secondary injuries occur in instances other than a TBI, such as spinal cord injury and stroke.
2018 A-League finals series
The 2018 A-League finals series was the 13th annual edition of the A-League finals series, the playoffs tournament staged to determine the champion of the 2018–19 A-League season. The series was played over three weeks culminating in the 2018 A-League Grand Final, where Melbourne Victory won a fourth championship 1–0 against Newcastle Jets.

2017–18 A-League
The 2017–18 A-League was the 41st season of top-flight soccer in Australia, and the 13th since the establishment of the A-League in 2004. The season began on 6 October 2017 and ended with the Grand Final on 5 May 2018.

Sydney FC won the A-League minor premiership, while Melbourne Victory won the Championship after defeating the Newcastle Jets 1–0 in the Grand Final on 5 May 2018; this marked the first time in A-League history in which the Championship was won by a team which finished outside the top 2.