hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guide to information sources
A Guide to information sources (or a bibliographic guide, a literature guide, a guide to reference materials, a subject gateway, etc.) is a kind of metabibliography. Ideally it is not just a listing of bibliographies, reference works and other source texts, but more like a textbook introducing users to the information sources in a given field (in general).

Such guides may have many different forms: Comprehensive or highly selective, printed or electronic sources, annotated listings or written chapters etc.

Source text
A source text is a text (sometimes oral) from which information or ideas are derived. In translation, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language.

More generally, source material or symbolic sources are objects meant to communicate information, either publicly or privately, to some person, known or unknown. Typical symbolic sources include written documents such as letters, notes, receipts, ledgers, manuscripts, reports, or public signage, or graphic art, etc. Symbolic sources exclude, for example, bits of broken pottery or scraps of food excavated from a midden—and this regardless of how much information can be extracted from an ancient trash heap, or how little can be extracted from a written document.
Mamba APC
The Mamba is a South African infantry mobility vehicle designed for internal security purposes. It was developed during the late 1980s to replace the Buffel in service with the South African military and security forces. The first models were built on a 4X2 Toyota Dyna chassis, which was subsequently replaced in production around 1994 by a more reliable Unimog chassis. All marks of the Mamba were designed to be mine-resistant and blastproof.

Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle
Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle (MRAPV), also known as MRAP vehicle, is a type of armoured personnel carrier that is designed specifically to withstand the impact of land mines, improvised explosive device (IED) attacks, and ambushes to save troops' lives. Most modern infantry mobility vehicles also have a certain level of MRAP capabilities.
Nawrahta of Salin
Nawrahta of Salin (Burmese: စလင်း နော်ရထာ, pronounced [səlɪ́ɴ nɔ̀jətʰà]; also known as Bya Kun) was governor of Salin from 1390 to 1426. A member of the Hanthawaddy royal family, he fled his native Myaungmya in 1390 after his father Laukpya was defeated by King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy. After finding refuge in the northern Ava Kingdom, Nawrahta became a key military commander in the Ava military, and fought against Hanthawaddy in the Forty Years' War. He also served as a minister at the Ava court from 1408 to 1425. After the 1425–1426 succession crisis at Ava, he submitted, albeit belatedly, to the new king Thado. He apparently lost all his positions as he is not mentioned in the royal chronicles again.

Kingdom of Ava
The Ava Kingdom (Burmese: အင်းဝပြည်, pronounced [ʔɪ́ɰ̃wa̰ kʰɪʔ]; INN-wa pyi) also known as Inwa Kingdom or Kingdom of Ava was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma (Myanmar) from 1365 to 1555. Founded in 1365, the kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms of Myinsaing, Pinya and Sagaing that had ruled central Burma since the collapse of the Pagan Kingdom in the late 13th century.

Like the small kingdoms that preceded it, Ava may have been led by Bamarised Shan kings who claimed descent from the kings of Pagan. Scholars debate that the Shan ethnicity of Avan kings comes from mistranslation, particularly from a record of the Avan kings' ancestors ruling a Shan village in central Burma prior to their rise or prominence.
Byrnestown
Byrnestown is a rural locality in the North Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was established as one of the first communes in Queensland. In the 2021 census, Byrnestown had a population of 27 people.

North Burnett Region
The North Burnett Region is a local government area in Queensland, Australia in the northern catchment of the Burnett River. Established in 2008, it was preceded by several previous local government areas with histories extending back to the early 1900s.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$32  million.

In the 2021 census, the North Burnett Region had a population of 10,068 people.
Hunsonby
Hunsonby is a village and civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England, 7 miles (11 km) north east of Penrith. The parish is located 28 miles (45 km) south east of the city of Carlisle. Within the parish is the ancient stone circle of Long Meg and Her Daughters but not the nearby standing stone of Little Meg which is located near Langwathby. In 2011 the Census reported the parish to have a total population of 388.

In 1870–72, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Hunsonby (and Winskill) as:

"Hunsonby and Winskel, a township in Addingham parish, Cumberland; on a branch of the river Eden, 4 miles SSE of Kirkoswald. Real property, £1,690. Pop., 208. Houses, 38. There is a Wesleyan chapel."

Langwathby
Langwathby is a village and civil parish in northern Cumbria, and in the historic English county of Cumberland, about 5 miles (8 km) north east of Penrith on the A686 road. The village lies on the east bank of the River Eden. At the 2001 census the parish had a population of 748, increasing to 866 at the 2011 Census.

The village is centred on a large village green next to which stands St Peter's church, the village pub, the shop & post office, and the village hall.  There is a primary school on the road to Little Salkeld and there are two garages.

Langwathby is the base of the 'Pride of Cumbria', one of the helicopters run by the Great North Air Ambulance Service
Hallopus
Hallopus is an extinct genus of small "sphenosuchian" crocodylomorph, known from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of North America. The only known species Hallopus victor was originally named in 1877 as a species of the dinosaur Nanosaurus, and was moved into its own genus by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1881. It was a quite small animal, reaching a length of 1 m (3.3ft) with long and slender limbs. Macelognathus, a similarly slender-proportioned crocodylomorph to Hallopus, may be synonymous with it.

Sphenosuchia
Sphenosuchia is a grouping of basal crocodylomorphs that first appeared in the Triassic and persisted into the Jurassic. Most were small, gracile animals with an erect limb posture. Although sometimes recovered as a monophyletic group, they are now generally thought to represent various early offshoots of the lineage leading to Crocodyliformes, with some sphenosuchians more closely related to crocodyliforms than to other "sphenosuchians", rendering the group paraphyletic.
Foreign relations of Venezuela
The foreign relations of Venezuela had since the early twentieth century been particularly strong with the United States. However, since the election of Hugo Chávez as President of Venezuela in 1998, Venezuela's foreign policy differed substantially from that of previous Venezuelan governments. This change in foreign policy direction continues during the tenure of President Nicolás Maduro.

Foreign policy of the Hugo Chávez administration
The foreign policy of the Hugo Chávez administration concerns the policy initiatives made by Venezuela under its former President, Hugo Chávez, towards other states. Chávez's foreign policy may be roughly divided into that concerned with United States-Venezuela relations and that concerned with Venezuela's relations with other states, particularly those in Latin America and developing countries on other continents. In many respects the policies of the Chávez government were substantially different from the previous administrations that governed Venezuela.
Iowa Highway 192
Iowa Highway 192 (Iowa 192) was a north–south highway within the city limits of Council Bluffs, Iowa.  It had a length of 5 miles (8.0 km).  It began and an interchange with Interstate 29 (I-29) and I-80 in the southern part of the city.  It briefly overlapped U.S. Highway 6 (US 6) near downtown.  It ended at another interchange with I-29 just south of the northern city limits.   It was designated in 1980 and turned over to the city of Council Bluffs in stages; the northern half in 2016 and the southern half in 2017.

Iowa 192 existed from the 1930s to the 1970s in a route similar to this route.  That route served as an access road from downtown Council Bluffs to Lake Manawa State Park.

Interstate 29 in Iowa
In the US state of Iowa, Interstate 29 (I-29) is a north–south Interstate Highway, which closely parallels the Missouri River. I-29 enters Iowa from Missouri near Hamburg and heads to the north-northwest through the Omaha–Council Bluffs and the Sioux City areas. It exits the state by crossing the Big Sioux River into South Dakota. For its entire distance through the state, I-29 runs on the flat land between the Missouri River and the Loess Hills, and is also part of the Lewis and Clark Trail.

I-29 was built in sections over a period of 15 years. When there was a shortage of male workers, female workers stepped in to build a 20-mile (32 km) section near Missouri Valley. Between Council Bluffs and Sioux City, I-29 replaced U.S. Highway 75 (US 75) as the major route in western Iowa. As a result of I-29's creation, US 75 south of Sioux City was relocated into Nebraska.
Callie Khouri
Carolyn Ann "Callie" Khouri (born November 27, 1957) is an American film and television screenwriter, producer, and director. She is best known for writing Thelma & Louise, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Thelma & Louise has since grown to be considered a classic, and was inducted into the Library of Congress National Film Registry in December 2016.

Her other films include Mad Money (2008) and the  Aretha Franklin biopic Respect (2021). She also created the series Nashville, which premiered on ABC in 2012 to strong reviews, and ran for six seasons.

Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award (also known as an Oscar) for the best screenplay not based upon previously published material; writers with "written by", "screenplay" or "story" credits are all collectively recognized as recipients for each nomination.

The category was created in 1940, and has always existed concurrently with the Best Adapted Screenplay category (conversely for films based on pre-existing intellectual properties); originally, it also co-existed with a third writing category, Best Story, which had been active since the original Academy Awards ceremony in 1929; this latter award was meant to reward specifically writers who originated a film's plot and characters rather than those who wrote the dialogue and final screenplay, although Best Story would later be merged into Best Original Screenplay in 1956.
Wen Zhong (Investiture of the Gods)
Wen Zhong (Chinese: 闻仲; pinyin: Wén Zhòng) is a character in the classic Chinese novel Fengshen Yanyi. He was the Grand Preceptor (Taishi) of Di Xin. Wen Zhong and Huang Feihu were both renowned as the two most powerful military figures of the Shang dynasty. They played a crucial role in defending the territories of these dynasties, almost single-handedly.

Huang Feihu
Huang Feihu is a fictional character in the Chinese epic fantasy novel Fengshen Bang. Originally known as Prince Wucheng (Chinese: 武成王; pinyin: Wǔchéng Wáng) of the Shang dynasty, he defects to Xiqi (西岐; the precursor to the Zhou dynasty), a vassal state under Shang, after the tyrannical Di Xin caused the death of his wife. He brings along his two younger brothers, three sons, four close friends, and hundreds of followers loyal to him. Huang Feihu later participates in the campaign led by King Wu of the Zhou dynasty to overthrow Di Xin. He is killed in action during a battle against the Shang general Zhang Kui (張奎).
Tafilocaris
Tafilocaris (Tafilalt shrimp) is an extinct genus of emucaridid nektapsid arthropod known from the Upper Ordovician (Sandbian) Tafilalt biota of Morocco. It is notable due to its giant size (being the largest known nektaspid) and extremely young age in contrast to other emucaridids.

Nektaspida
Nektaspida (also called Naraoiida, Nektaspia and Nectaspida) is an extinct order of non-mineralised artiopodan arthropods. They are known from the lower-Cambrian to the upper Silurian. Originally classified as trilobites, which they superficially resemble, they are now placed as close relatives as members of the Trilobitomorpha within Artiopoda. The order is divided into three major families; Emucarididae, Liwiidae, and Naraoiidae.
Porta Santo Spirito
Porta Santo Spirito is one of the gates of the Leonine walls in Rome (Italy). It rises on the back side of the Hospital of the same name, in Via dei Penitenzieri, close to the crossing with Piazza della Rovere.

Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia
The Hospital of the Holy Spirit (Italian: L'Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia) is the oldest hospital in Europe, located in Rome, Italy. It now serves as a convention center. The complex lies in rione Borgo, east of Vatican City and next to the modern Ospedale di Santo Spirito (which continues its tradition). The hospital was established on the site of the former Schola Saxonum, a part of the complex houses the Museo Storico.
Banu Asad
Banu Asad (Arabic: بَنُو أَسَدْ) is an Arab tribe, descended from Asad ibn Khuzayma. They are Adnanite Arabs, powerful and one of the most famous and influential tribes. They are widely respected by many Arab tribes, respected by Shia Muslims because they have buried the body of Husayn ibn Ali, his family (Ahl al-Bayt) and  companions with the help of Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, the son of Husayn, and many martyrs from the Battle of Karbala are from the tribe. Today, many members of the tribe live in the Iraqi cities of Basra, Najaf, Kufa, Karbala, Nasiriyah, Amarah, Kut, Hillah, Diyala and Baghdad. There is a branch from the Banu Assad in Northern Sudan called Banu Kahil who have migrated from the Hijaz to Sudan. There are also members of Bani Assad tribe in Ahvaz in the Khuzestan of Iran located with neighboring tribes of Banu Tamim, Bani Malik, Banu Kaab and other notable Arab tribes.

Banu Tamim
The Banū Tamīm (Arabic: بَنُو تَمِيم) are an Arab tribe that originated in Najd and Hejaz in the Arabian Peninsula. They are mainly present in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the UAE, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Jordan and Lebanon, and have a strong presence in Algeria, and Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia, and Libya. They are also present in many other parts of the Middle East and North Africa region such as Egypt and Khuzestan in Iran. The word Tamim in Arabic means strong and solid. It can also mean those who strive for perfection.
AmeriKKKant
AmeriKKKant is the fourteenth studio album by industrial metal band Ministry, which was released on March 9, 2018. It is their first release on Nuclear Blast, and marked the longest gap between studio albums in the group's entire career; at five years, following From Beer to Eternity (2013). AmeriKKKant is also the first Ministry album without guitarist Mike Scaccia since The Last Sucker (2007); Scaccia died in 2012 but appeared posthumously on From Beer to Eternity.

Much like the band's previous Anti-George W. Bush Trilogy (Houses of the Molé, Rio Grande Blood, and The Last Sucker), AmeriKKKant is a concept album about then-US President Donald Trump. The majority of the tracks on the album contains audio samples of Trump.

The Last Sucker
The Last Sucker is the eleventh studio album by industrial metal band Ministry, released in 2007 through 13th Planet Records. For three years until their reformation in 2011, it was the band's last studio album featuring new material.

The album is the third and final part of the band's anti-George W. Bush trilogy, preceded by 2004's Houses of the Molé and 2006's Rio Grande Blood.
William E. Dodge Jr.
William Earl Dodge Jr. (February 15, 1832 – August 9, 1903) was an American businessman, activist, and philanthropist. For many years, he was one of two controlling partners in the Phelps Dodge Corporation, one of the largest copper mining corporations in the United States.

Phelps Dodge
Phelps Dodge Corporation was an American mining company founded in 1834 as an import-export firm by Anson Greene Phelps and his two sons-in-law William Earle Dodge, Sr. and Daniel James. The latter two ran Phelps, James & Co., the part of the organization based in Liverpool, England. The import-export firm at first exported United States cotton from the Deep South to England and imported various metals to the US needed for industrialization. With the expansion of the Western frontier in North America, the corporation acquired mines and mining companies, including the Copper Queen Mine in Cochise County, Arizona and the Dawson, New Mexico coal mines. It operated its own mines and acquired railroads to carry its products. By the late 19th century, it was known as a mining company.

On March 19, 2007, Freeport-McMoRan completed a $25.9 billion acquisition of Phelps Dodge Corporation.
B1 Preliminary
B1 Preliminary, previously known as Cambridge English: Preliminary and the Preliminary English Test (PET), is an English language examination provided by Cambridge Assessment English, one of the examinations in the Cambridge English Qualifications.

B1 Preliminary is an intermediate-level qualification and is designed for learners who have mastered the basic of English and now have practical language skills for everyday use. It is targeted at Level B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).

B1 Preliminary is offered in two versions: B1 Preliminary for Schools, for school-aged learners, and B1 Preliminary, for general and higher education adult learners.

Cambridge Assessment English
Cambridge Assessment English or Cambridge English develops and produces Cambridge English Qualifications and the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). The organisation contributed to the development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the standard used around the world to benchmark language skills, and its qualifications and tests are aligned with CEFR levels.

Cambridge Assessment English is part of Cambridge Assessment, a non-teaching department of the University of Cambridge which merged with Cambridge University Press to form Cambridge University Press & Assessment in August 2021.
Pagans in recovery
Pagans in recovery is a phrase, which is frequently used within the recovery community, to describe the collective efforts of Neopagans as well as Indigenous, Hindu, Buddhist, and other like-minded groups, to achieve abstinence or the remission of compulsive/addictive behaviors through twelve-step programs and other programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous, Al-Anon/Alateen, etc. These efforts generally focus on modifying or adapting the twelve steps to accommodate the Pagan world-view as well as creating Pagan-friendly twelve step meetings either as part of a preexisting twelve-step program or as independent entities.

Narcotics Anonymous
Narcotics Anonymous (NA), founded in 1953, describes itself as a "nonprofit fellowship or society of men and women for whom drugs had become a major problem." Narcotics Anonymous uses a 12-step model developed for people with varied substance use disorders and is the second-largest 12-step organization, after 12-step pioneer Alcoholics Anonymous.

As of 2024, there were 77,000 NA meetings in 145 countries each week.
Zach Staenberg
Zach S. Staenberg, A.C.E. (born August 1951) is an American film editor and producer, best known for his work on action films and the Matrix Trilogy. Staenberg won an Academy Award and two ACE Eddie Award for the editing of The Matrix (1999) and for HBO's Gotti (1996) for which he was also nominated for an Emmy. The Matrix films were written and directed by the Wachowskis, with whom Staenberg has had an extended collaboration dating from 1996. He also works with directors Andrew Niccol, Robert Harmon, and John Woo.

Staenberg has been elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors.

American Cinema Editors
Founded in 1950, American Cinema Editors (ACE) is an honorary society of film editors who are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements, their education of others, and their dedication to editing. Members use the post-nominal letters "ACE". The organization's "Eddie Awards" are routinely covered in trade magazines such as The Hollywood Reporter and Variety. The society is not an industry union, such as the I.A.T.S.E. (specifically the Motion Picture Editors Guild or MPEG), to which an editor might also belong. The current president of ACE is Kevin Tent, who was elected in 2020.
East Preston F.C.
East Preston Football Club is a football club based in East Preston, near Littlehampton, West Sussex, England. They are currently members of the Southern Combination Division One and play at the Lashmar.

Southern Combination Football League
The Southern Combination Football League (named Premier Sports Southern Combination Football League) is a football league broadly covering the counties of East Sussex, West Sussex, Surrey and South West London, England. The league consists of eight divisions – three for first teams (Premier Division, Division One and Division Two), two for Under 23 teams (East Division and West Division) and three for Under 18 teams (East Division, Central Division and West Division).
Trypanocidal agent
A trypanocidal agent is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon trypanosome parasites.

Examples include:

Aminoquinuride

benzonidazole

blasticidin S

DAPI

diminazene

diminazene aceturate

eflornithine

ethidium

isometamidium chloride

lonidamine

melaminylthioarsenate

melarsoprol

nifurtimox

pentamidine

posaconazole

puromycin

quinapyramine

salicylhydroxamic acid

suramin

tetraphenylporphine sulfonate

Diminazene
Diminazene (INN; also known as diminazen) is an anti-infective medication for animals that is sold under a variety of brand names. It is effective against certain protozoa such as Babesia, Trypanosoma, and Cytauxzoon. The drug may also be effective against certain bacteria including Brucella and Streptococcus.

Chemically it is a di-amidine and it is formulated as its aceturate salt, diminazene aceturate.

The mechanism is not well understood; it probably inhibits DNA replication, but also has affinity to RNA.
Swedish overseas colonies
Sweden controlled a small number of colonies outside Europe between 1638 and 1878, most of which were short-lived.

In the Americas, Sweden founded the colony of New Sweden (1638–1655) along the Delaware River, and briefly controlled Esequibo (1732–1739) and Tobago (1733). Sweden also governed the island of Saint Barthélemy for nearly a century (1784–1878). Sweden made Saint Barthélemy a free port and it served as a hub in the Atlantic slave trade. The island of Guadeloupe was a personal possession of King Charles XIV John from 1813 to 1814.

In West Africa, Sweden held several forts on the Swedish Gold Coast from 1650 to 1663. In South Asia, the Swedish East India Company founded a trading post at Porto Novo in 1733, but it was destroyed a month later by French and British forces.

New Sweden
New Sweden (Swedish: Nya Sverige) was a colony of the Swedish Empire between 1638 and 1655 along the lower reaches of the Delaware River in what is now Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.  Established during the Thirty Years' War when Sweden was a great power, New Sweden was part of the Swedish efforts to colonize the Americas.

Settlements were established on both sides of the Delaware River. Fort Christina, located in what is now Wilmington, Delaware, was the first settlement, named after Christina, Queen of Sweden. The settlers were mostly Swedes, Finns, a number of Dutch, and some Germans. New Sweden was conquered by the Dutch Republic in 1655 and incorporated into the Dutch colony of New Netherland.