hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dorset Trained Bands
The Dorset Trained Bands were a part-time militia force recruited from Dorsetshire in South West England, first organised in 1558. They were periodically embodied for home defence and internal security, including the Spanish Armada campaign in 1588, and saw active service during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. They were reformed into the Dorset Militia in 1661.

Militia (England)
The English Militia was the principal military reserve force of the Kingdom of England. Militia units were repeatedly raised in England from the Anglo-Saxon period onwards for internal security duties and to defend against external invasions. One of the first militia units in England were the fyrd, which were raised from freemen to defend the estate of their local Shire's lord or accompany the housecarls on offensive expeditions. During the Middle Ages, English militia units continued to be raised for service in various conflicts such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War and the Wars of the Roses. Militia troops continued to see service in Tudor and Stuart periods, most prominently in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Following the Acts of Union 1707, the English Militia was transformed into the British Militia.
Syrian campaigns of John Tzimiskes
The Syrian campaigns of John Tzimiskes were a series of campaigns undertaken by the Byzantine emperor John I Tzimiskes against the Fatimid Caliphate in the Levant and against the Abbasid Caliphate in Syria. Following the weakening and collapse of the Hamdanid Dynasty of Aleppo, much of the Near East lay open to Byzantium, and, following the assassination of Nikephoros II Phokas, the new emperor, John Tzimiskes, was quick to engage the newly successful Fatimid Dynasty over control of the near east and its important cities, namely Antioch, Aleppo, and Caesarea. He also engaged the  Hamdanid Emir of Mosul, who was de jure under the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad and his Buyid overlords, over control of parts of Upper Mesopotamia (Jazira).

Nikephoros II Phokas
Nikephoros II Phokas (Greek: Νικηφόρος Φωκᾶς, romanized: Nikēphóros Phōkâs; c. 912 – 11 December 969), Latinized Nicephorus II Phocas, was Byzantine emperor from 963 to 969. His career, not uniformly successful in matters of statecraft or of war, nonetheless greatly contributed to the resurgence of the Byzantine Empire during the 10th century. In the east, Nikephoros completed the conquest of Cilicia and retook the islands of Crete and Cyprus, opening the path for subsequent Byzantine incursions reaching as far as Upper Mesopotamia and the Levant; these campaigns earned him the sobriquet "pale death of the Saracens."
919 Ilsebill
919 Ilsebill (prov. designation: A918 UD or 1918 EQ) is a dark background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 30 October 1918, by astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 5.0 hours and measures approximately 33 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter. It was named after "Ilsebill", a character in the fairy tale The Fisherman and his Wife by the Brothers Grimm.

C-type asteroid
C-type (carbonaceous /ˌkɑːrbəˈneɪʃəs/) asteroids are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about 1.7 g/cm3.

They lie most often at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 au (520 million km; 330 million mi) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence less detectable) than most other asteroid types, except for D-types and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn
Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn (1737 – 21 January 1808) was a British politician who represented Petersfield and Liverpool in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1761 to 1790. He was the owner of Penrhyn Castle, an estate on the outskirts on Bangor, North Wales. Pennant was also an absentee owner of six sugar plantations and slaves in Jamaica. In Parliament, Pennant opposed the British abolitionist movement. In Wales, Pennant was a major figure in the development of the Welsh slate industry. He received an Irish peerage from George III in 1783, and died in 1808, leaving his estates to George Hay Dawkins.

Colony of Jamaica
The Crown Colony of Jamaica and Dependencies was a Crown colony of the British Empire from 1655 to 1962. English forces launched an invasion of Jamaica in 1655, capturing the existing Spanish colony. Jamaica was primarily used for exporting sugarcane from plantations operated by African slaves, and experienced several rebellions over the course of British rule. The colony was granted independence in 1962.
2020 General Tire 200
The 2020 General Tire 200 was the third stock car race of the 2020 ARCA Menards Series and the 59th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, June 20, in Lincoln, Alabama at Talladega Superspeedway, a 2.66 miles (4.28 km) permanent triangle-shaped superspeedway. The race took the scheduled 76 laps to complete. At race's end, Drew Dollar of Venturini Motorsports would take advantage of a spinning Michael Self with two to go to take his first ever ARCA Menards Series career win and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Ryan Repko of Venturini Motorsports and Bret Holmes of Bret Holmes Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

The race was the return of the ARCA Menards Series, after a 107-day delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Lincoln, Alabama
Lincoln is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1911. At the 2020 census, the population was 6,845. It was named for Major General Benjamin Lincoln, who served in the American army during the Revolutionary War.

The Talladega Superspeedway, the International Motorsports Hall of Fame and the Talladega Municipal Airport are all located in Lincoln.
Dadar, Raigad district
Dadar is a Census Town situated in Pen taluka Raigad district of Maharashtra, India. The Pen railway station serves as the nearest railway station and is located approximately 14 kilometers away from Dadar.

Pen, India
Pen (Marathi pronunciation: [peːɳ]) is a town and taluka in Raigad district of Indian state of Maharashtra. It is well known for world class Ganesh idols. It is the geographical and cultural center of Raigad district. Pen is also known for Salt cultivation by Aagri and Koli community.
Indore–Bikaner Mahamana Express
The 19333 / 19334 Indore - Bikaner Mahamana Express is an express train belonging to Western Railway zone that runs between Indore Junction and Bikaner Junction in India.

It is currently being operated with 19333/19334 train numbers on a weekly basis.

Indore Junction railway station
Indore Junction (station code: INDB) is one of the Railway junctions in Madhya Pradesh and serves Indore, the commercial capital of Central India. The railway station of Indore Junction BG (future Indore Central) falls under the administrative control of Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. It consists of six main railway platforms. The Ujjain–Indore route and Indore Junction was electrified in 2011. The Station is located 1 km away from the city centre. It is one of the ISO Certified Railway Stations of India. Currently the railway station has six platforms, where the first four platforms are situated in the main station and platforms 5 and 6 is situated 1.5 km away near Kamla Nehru Park, Indore.
Salas, Asturias
Salas (also known as San Martin de Salas)  is a town and concejo (municipality) in the Principality of Asturias. It lies on the road from San Sebastián to Santiago de Compostela, and on a small subtributary of the river Narcea. It is bordered on the north by Valdés, Cudillero and Pravia, to south by Belmonte de Miranda, to the east by Pravia, Candamo and Grado, and to the west by Tineo and Valdés.

Salas is a mountainous region in which coal-mining and agriculture are the principal industries. The products of this region are sent for export to Cudillero, a small harbour on the Bay of Biscay. Salas is well known as a tourist point and as the birthplace of Fernando de Valdés y Salas.

Cudillero
Cudillero (Asturian: Cuideiru) is a municipality in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. Nowadays, Cudillero's main economic activities are related to tourism, but it is also known for its fishing industry. A legend says that it was founded by the Vikings. In addition to Castillian some locals still speak a dialect called Pixueto.

Cudillero is often described in the Spanish media as one of the country's most beautiful villages.
Outline of Mars
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mars:

Mars – fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury. Named after the Roman god of war, it is often referred to as the "Red Planet" because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.

Mars surface color
The surface color of the planet Mars appears reddish from a distance because of rusty atmospheric dust. From close up, it looks more of a butterscotch, and other common surface colors include golden, brown, tan, and greenish, depending on minerals.

The apparent colour of the Martian surface enabled humans to distinguish it from other planets early in human history and motivated them to weave fables of war in association with Mars. One of its earliest recorded names, Har decher, literally meant "Red One" in Egyptian. Its color may have also contributed to a malignant association in Indian astrology, as it was given the names Angaraka and Lohitanga, both reflecting the distinctively red color of Mars as seen by the naked eye.
Miroslav Kadlec
Miroslav Kadlec (born 22 June 1964) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a defender. Either side of an eight-year spell playing in Germany for Kaiserslautern, Kadlec played for four Czech clubs. In an international career spanning from 1987 to 1997, Kadlec made 64 international appearances split between Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic.

Czech Republic national football team
The Czech Republic men's national football team (Czech: Česká mužská fotbalová reprezentace), recognised by FIFA as Czechia, represents the Czech Republic in men's international football. The team is controlled by the Football Association of the Czech Republic (FAČR). Historically, the team participated in FIFA and UEFA competitions as Bohemia and Czechoslovakia.

Following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the first international competition of the Czech Republic was UEFA Euro 1996, where they finished runners-up. They have taken part at every European Championship since. Following the separation, they have featured at one FIFA World Cup, the 2006 tournament.
Tolleshunt Major
Tolleshunt Major (/ˈtoʊlzhʌnt/ TOHLZ-hunt) is a village and civil parish in the Maldon District of Essex, England. It lies 5 miles (8 km) north-east of the town of Maldon on the northern bank of the River Blackwater. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 729.

Maldon
Maldon (/ˈmɔːldən/, locally /ˈmɒldən/) is a town and civil parish on the Blackwater Estuary in Essex, England. It is the seat of the Maldon District and starting point of the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation. It is known for Maldon Sea Salt which is produced in the area. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 14,938, and the Maldon built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics, which extends beyond the parish boundary to also take in Heybridge to the north, had a population of 23,380.
Todd Stroger
Todd H. Stroger (born January 14, 1963) is the former president of the Cook County, Illinois Board and a former alderman for the 8th ward in Chicago. Stroger is a member of the Democratic Party. In 2001, he was appointed to the Chicago City Council by Richard M. Daley. He is the son of John Stroger, who  himself had served as Cook County Board president for 12 years until his death.

On February 2, 2010, Stroger finished last in the Democratic primary for President of the Cook County Board behind Dorothy A. Brown, Terrence J. O'Brien and Toni Preckwinkle (who won the primary), putting him in a lame duck stage for the remainder of his board presidency. Preckwinkle would go on to win the general election and assume office on December 6, 2010.

In 2021, Stroger served as village administrator of Robbins, Illinois.

City manager
A city manager is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city in the council–manager form of city government. Local officials serving in this position are referred to as the chief executive officer (CEO) or chief administrative officer (CAO) in some municipalities.
Death and state funeral of Norodom Sihanouk
On 15 October 2012, former Cambodian King and Prime Minister Norodom Sihanouk died at the age of 89, in Beijing, China, after suffering health issues. His death was announced by Deputy Prime Minister Nhek Bun Chhay. His body was brought back on 17 October 2012 by King Norodom Sihamoni and Prime Minister Hun Sen. State flags flew at half mast, and the government announced a 7-day mourning period for the former king.

Norodom Sihamoni
Norodom Sihamoni (Khmer: នរោត្តម សីហមុនី, [nɔˈroːɗɑm səjˈhamoniː]; born 14 May 1953) is King of Cambodia.

A member of the House of Norodom, Sihamoni is the eldest son of King Norodom Sihanouk and Queen Norodom Monineath. He was educated in Czechoslovakia and gained recognition for his work as a cultural ambassador in Europe and as a classical ballet instructor during his princely years. Before his election as king, he served as Cambodia's ambassador to the United Nations and UNESCO.

He ascended to the throne on 14 October 2004, a week after the abdication of his father, Norodom Sihanouk. During his reign, Sihamoni has continued his cultural advocacy while supporting various philanthropic initiatives, balancing his role as a constitutional monarch amid Cambodia's political developments.
Northamptonshire Police
Northamptonshire Police (colloquially known as Northants Police) is the territorial police force responsible for policing the county of Northamptonshire in the East Midlands of England, in the United Kingdom.

The Northamptonshire police area includes Brackley, Burton Latimer, Corby, Daventry, Desborough, Higham Ferrers, Irthlingborough, Kettering, Northampton, Oundle, Raunds, Rothwell, Rushden, Towcester, Thrapston and Wellingborough across 914 square miles (2,370 km2) with a resident population of 710,000.  It responds to more than one million phone calls a year, with more than 120,000 of these being emergency 999.

Oundle
Oundle (/ˈaʊndəl/) is a market town and civil parish on the left bank of the River Nene in North Northamptonshire, England, which had a population of 6,254 at the time of the 2021 census. It is 69 miles (111 kilometres) north of London and 12 mi (19 km) south-west of Peterborough. The town is home to Oundle School.
Negativity (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, negativity is a measure of quantum entanglement which is easy to compute. It is a measure deriving from the PPT criterion for separability. It has been shown to be an entanglement monotone and hence a proper measure of entanglement.

Peres–Horodecki criterion
The Peres–Horodecki criterion is a necessary condition, for the joint density matrix  of two quantum mechanical systems  and , to be separable. It is also called the PPT criterion, for positive partial transpose. In the 2×2 and 2×3 dimensional cases the condition is also sufficient. It is used to decide the separability of mixed states, where the Schmidt decomposition does not apply. The theorem was discovered in 1996 by Asher Peres and the Horodecki family (Michał, Paweł, and Ryszard)

In higher dimensions, the test is inconclusive, and one should supplement it with more advanced tests, such as those based on entanglement witnesses.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 8th Plymouth district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 8th Plymouth district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers parts of Bristol County and Plymouth County. Republican Angelo D'Emilia of Bridgewater has represented the district from 2011 to 2025. Upon D'Emilia's retirement, Democrat Dennis Gallagher defeated Republican Sandra Wright in the 2024 election, becoming the first Democrat to hold the seat since 2010.

Angelo D'Emilia
Angelo D'Emilia is an American politician. He is the former representative for the 8th Plymouth district in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, which includes Bridgewater, Raynham, and precinct 6 of Easton.
Lungotevere degli Alberteschi
Lungotevere degli Alberteschi is the stretch of Lungotevere that links Piazza Castellani to Lungotevere degli Anguillara in Rome (Italy, in the Rione Trastevere.

The Lungotevere takes its name from the powerful House of Alberteschi, that had erected its towers in the area, between Ponte Santa Maria and Ponte Quattro Capi.

The Alberteschi Tower, the last one of the noble house, rose nearly in front of Ponte Rotto, close to the former family residence: it was demolished at the end of the 19th century, during the construction of the Lungotevere.

Pons Aemilius
The Pons Aemilius (Latin for the "Aemilian Bridge"; Italian: Ponte Emilio) is the oldest Roman stone bridge in Rome. Preceded by a wooden version, it was rebuilt in stone in the 2nd century BC. It once spanned the Tiber, connecting the Forum Boarium, the Roman cattle market, on the east with Trastevere on the west. A single arch in mid-river is all that remains today, lending the bridge its name Ponte Rotto (Italian for the "Broken Bridge").
Nur al-Din al-Sabuni
Nur al-Din al-Sabuni also written as Nuraddin as-Sabuni (Arabic: نور الدين الصابوني), was a 12th century theologian within the Maturidite school of Sunni Islam, and author of Al-Bidayah min al-Kifayah fi al-Hidayah fi Usul al-Din (Arabic: البداية من الكفاية في الهداية في أصول الدين), a summary of Islamic creed (aqida or kalam) of his more comprehensive work al-Kifayah.

Abu Mansur al-Maturidi
Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (Arabic: أبو منصور الماتريدي, romanized: Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī; 853–944) was a Hanafi jurist and theologian who is the eponym of the Maturidi school of kalam in Sunnism. He got his nisba from Māturīd, a district in Samarkand. His works include Tafsir al-Maturidi, a classic exegesis of the Qur'an, and Kitab al-Tawhid.

His doctrinal school remains amongst the three main schools of theology alongside Ash'arism and Atharism.
Grant's Law
Grant's Law is a resolution that was passed on October 4, 2007, and took effect on February 1, 2008. It required heightened safety measures for gas station and store employees working alone. It was first tabled in 2006 by the Minister of Labour Olga IIich of the British Columbia Legislature.

It established British Columbia as the first province in Canada where drivers have to pay before they pump gas and must include provisions to add barriers between customers. An employee working between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. must be accompanied by another employee between said time. The law introduced the pre-payment system combined with new training and education services for gas station workers.

The Law was named for Grant De Patie, a gas station worker who was killed in 2005 by an underage drunken driver.

Lone worker
A lone worker (LW) is an employee who performs an activity that is carried out in isolation from other workers without close or direct supervision. Such staff may be exposed to risk because there is no-one to assist them and so a risk assessment may be required. Lone workers are now often supported by cloud-based automated monitoring systems and specialised monitoring call centres - often referred to as an 'Alarm Receiving Centre' or 'ARC' in the UK, or 'Emergency Dispatch Center' or 'EDC' in the US.
Ramdas Adak
Ramdas Adak (Bengali: রামদাস আদক; c. 1635–1708) was a famous 17th-century Bengali and Sanskrit court poet and song composer. He composed a Dharmamangal kavya named Anadimangal. He was one of the most significant poets of the Dharmamangal Kavya. He was the only "non-Brahmin" poet of Dharmamangal. He was one of the earliest known composers of the Dharmamangal Kavya. He was the "Swavakobi" of Raja Pratapnarayan of Bhurishrestha.

Bhurshut
Bhurshut (Bengali: ভুরশুট, romanized: Bhurśut) or Bhurishreshtha (Bengali: ভূরিশ্রেষ্ঠ, romanized: Bhūriśreṣṭha) was a medieval Bengali Hindu kingdom spread across what is now Howrah and Hooghly districts in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Governor of Van
The Governor of Van (Turkish: Van Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Van. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Van is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Van. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Van provincial police force and the Van Gendarmerie.

Government of Turkey
The Government of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükûmeti) is the national government of Turkey. It is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative democracy and a constitutional republic within a pluriform multi-party system. The term government can mean either the collective set of institutions (the executive, legislative, and judicial branches) or specifically the Cabinet (the executive).
Chevez Goodwin
Chevez Brandford Goodwin (born February 27, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for Kolossos Rodou of the Greek Basketball League. He played college basketball with the USC Trojans of the Pac-12 Conference, as well as for the College of Charleston Cougars and the Wofford Terriers.

Wofford Terriers men's basketball
The Wofford Terriers men's basketball team represents Wofford College in Spartanburg, South Carolina, United States, in Division I of the NCAA. The school's team competes in the Southern Conference. Wofford is currently coached by Kevin Giltner, who was hired after previous head coach Dwight Perry was let go in September 2025. Wofford plays its home games at Jerry Richardson Indoor Stadium, opened for the 2017–18 season as the replacement for Benjamin Johnson Arena. The Terriers have appeared six times in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, most recently in 2025.