hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Styled Layer Descriptor
In cartography, a Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) is an XML schema specified by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) for describing the appearance of map layers. It is capable of describing the rendering of vector and raster data. A typical use of SLDs is to instruct a Web Map Service (WMS) how to render a specific layer.

In August 2007 the OGC split an older SLD specification into two new OGC implementation specifications:

Symbology Encoding (SE)

Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD)

The Styled Layer Descriptor specification now only contains the protocol for communicating with a WMS about how to style a layer. The actual description of the styling is now exclusively described in the symbology encoding implementation specification.

Web Map Service
A Web Map Service (WMS) is a standard protocol developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium in 1999 for serving georeferenced map images over the Internet. These images are typically produced by a map server from data provided by a GIS database.
Alfons Verplaetse
Alfons "Fons" Remi Emiel, Viscount Verplaetse (19 February 1930 – 15 October 2020) was a Belgian economist who served as Governor of the National Bank of Belgium (NBB) from 1989 until 1999. He was one of the architects of the devaluation of the Belgian Frank in 1982 when he worked at the cabinet of Wilfried Martens in the government Martens V. As governor of the NBB, he prepared the entry of Belgium to the euro in 1999.

Wilfried Martens
Wilfried Achiel Emma Martens (Dutch: [ˈʋɪlfrit ˈmɑrtəns] ⓘ; 19 April 1936 – 9 October 2013) was a Belgian politician who served as prime minister of Belgium from 1979 to 1992, except from April to December 1981. A member of the Flemish Christian People's Party, during his premiership he oversaw the transformation of Belgium into a federal state. He was one of the founders of the European People's Party.

During his time as prime minister, Martens led a series of centre-right and centre-left cabinets.
Qayyum Chowdhury
Qayyum Chowdhury (9 March 1932 – 30 November 2014) was a Bangladeshi painter. Along with Zainul Abedin, Quamrul Hassan and Safiuddin Ahmed, he is considered as a first generation artist of Bangladesh. He was awarded the Ekushey Padak in 1984 and the Independence Day Award in 2014 by the Government of Bangladesh.

Quamrul Hassan
Quamrul Hassan (Bengali: কামরুল হাসান; 2 December 1921– 2 February 1988) was a Bangladeshi artist. Quamrul Hassan is referred to in Bangladesh as Potua, a word usually associated with folk artists, due to his down to earth style yet very modern in nature as he always added Cubism other than the folk style to his artworks. In addition to his artistic legacy, two of Quamrul Hassan's work have come to be part of Bangladesh's political history. The first of this is a monstrous rendition of Yahya Khan, the Pakistani president who ordered genocide in Bangladesh. The second was just before his death, mocking the then dictator of Bangladesh, Hossain Mohammad Ershad. This sketch was titled Desh aaj bisshobeheyar khoppre (Our land is now in the hand of the champion of shamelessness).
Cristal Bagatsing
Amanda Cristina "Cristal" L. Bagatsing sometimes misspelled as Amanda Christina "Cristal" La'O Bagatsing, is a Filipino politician serving as the officer in charge of the Department of Tourism, Culture, and Arts of Manila since 2025. She previously served as representative of Manila's 5th congressional district from 2016 until 2022. She is the daughter of former congressman of the same district Amado Bagatsing.

Amado Bagatsing
Amado Sevilla Bagatsing (born December 3, 1947) is a Filipino lawyer, businessman, politician, and philanthropist who last served as the representative of Manila's 5th district from 1987 until 1998 and from 2007 to 2016. He is also the founding president of Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran (KABAKA).
Umpaku dialect
The Umpaku dialect (雲伯方言, Unpaku hōgen) is a group of Japanese dialects spoken in central San'in. The name Unpaku (雲伯) is constructed by extracting a representative kanji from Izumo (出雲) and Hōki (伯耆), the names of former provinces of this region.

The Umpaku dialects are:

Izumo dialect (eastern Shimane Prefecture, formerly known as Izumo Province)

Yonago dialect (western Tottori Prefecture centered on Yonago)

Oki dialect (Oki islands of Shimane Prefecture)

Japanese dialects
The dialects (方言, hōgen) of the Japanese language fall into two primary clades, Eastern (including modern capital Tokyo) and Western (including old capital Kyoto), with the dialects of Kyushu and Hachijō Island often distinguished as additional branches, the latter perhaps the most divergent of all. The Ryukyuan languages of Okinawa Prefecture and the southern islands of Kagoshima Prefecture form a separate branch of the Japonic family, and are not Japanese dialects, although they are often referred to as such.

Japan with its numerous islands and mountains has the ideal setting for developing many dialects.
Ángel Canavery
Angel Mateo Canavery (1850–1916) was an Argentine military man, who participated in the Conquest of the Desert under the command of General Julio Argentino Roca. He also took part against the Montoneras of Ricardo López Jordán (Rebelión jordanista), and against Civic Union troops during the Revolution of the Park.

He performed administrative tasks in the Estado Mayor General del Ejército, and like military attache in the Italy during the presidency of Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman.

Julio Argentino Roca
Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz (July 17, 1843 – October 19, 1914) was an Argentine army general and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 1880 to 1886 and from 1898 to 1904. Roca is the most important representative of the Generation of '80 and is known for directing the Conquest of the Desert, a series of military campaigns against the indigenous peoples of Patagonia sometimes considered a genocide.

During his two terms as president, many important changes occurred, particularly major infrastructure projects of railroads and port facilities; increased foreign investment, along with immigration from Europe and particular large-scale immigration from southern Europe; expansion of the agricultural and pastoral sectors of the economy; and laicizing legislation strengthening state power.

Roca's main foreign policy concern was to set border limits with Chile, which had never been determined with precision. In 1881 Argentina gained territory by treaty with Chile.
Thiagarajar College
Thiagarajar College is an autonomous government-aided college located in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is affiliated with Madurai Kamaraj University and is ranked 15th among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2024.

Madurai Kamaraj University
Madurai Kamaraj University (MKU) is a public state university located in Madurai city, in southern Tamil Nadu, India, that was established in 1966. MKU is one of the 15 universities in India with the University with Potential for Excellence status, which was awarded by the University Grants Commission (UGC) in India. In 2021, the university was awarded an 'A++' grade from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in its 4th cycle.
Cardiff Philharmonic Orchestra
The Cardiff Philharmonic Orchestra (CPO) is an amateur philharmonic orchestra based in Cardiff, Wales. The CPO played its first concert in 1982 and subsequently played over 250 concerts, primarily in Wales but also in England, Switzerland, and France. The CPO has a wide repertoire and appears regularly at Wales' premier concert hall, St. David's Hall.

The conductor since inception is Michael Bell.

St David's Hall
St David's Hall (Welsh: Neuadd Dewi Sant) is a performing arts and conference venue in the heart of Cardiff, Wales.

St David's Hall is the National Concert Hall and Conference Centre of Wales. It hosts the annual Welsh Proms and the biennial BBC Cardiff Singer of the World competition. As well as classical music it also plays host to jazz, soul, pop, rock, dance, children's, rhythm and blues, musicals and other forms of world music, as well as light entertainment artists. The foyers in the centre are open and have regular free performances from music groups. The foyers, balconies and bar areas are also used to host art exhibitions.
Forest Row F.C.
Forest Row Football Club is a football club based in Forest Row in East Sussex, England. They are currently members of the Southern Combination Premier Division and play at Jubilee Field in Three Bridges.

Southern Combination Football League
The Southern Combination Football League (named Premier Sports Southern Combination Football League) is a football league broadly covering the counties of East Sussex, West Sussex, Surrey and South West London, England. The league consists of eight divisions – three for first teams (Premier Division, Division One and Division Two), two for Under 23 teams (East Division and West Division) and three for Under 18 teams (East Division, Central Division and West Division).
Dance Tracks Vol. 1
Dance Tracks Vol.1 is the debut studio album by Japanese singer Namie Amuro, released on 16 October 1995 as her only album with Toshiba-EMI. It features remixed material originally recorded with the idol group Super Monkey's, of which Amuro was a member at the time, as well as three original songs.

Nine days after Dance Tracks Vol.1 debuted, Amuro released her first single with Avex Trax, "Body Feels Exit", on 25 October 1995. The album reached the top position on the Oricon charts and charted for forty-four weeks.

The album is currently out of print, and is not listed in Amuro's official discography, along with her greatest hits album Original Tracks Vol. 1 (1996).

Original Tracks Vol. 1
Original Tracks Vol. 1 is the first and only compilation album released by Super Monkey's, compiling all the singles and B-sides that had been released. The album was released by Toshiba-EMI on 30 September 1996, and was certified platinum by the RIAJ for 400,000 copies shipped. The album was also marketed with the group's other name, "Namie Amuro with Super Monkey's".

This is the last album released by Super Monkey's before Amuro made her solo debut with Avex Trax in 1995, and Minako Inoue, Nanako Takushi, Reina Miyauchi, and Ritsuko Matsuda formed MAX with Avex Trax in 1995.
Adath Israel (Montreal)
Adath Israel, officially the Adath Israel–Poale Zedek–Anshei Ozeroff Congregation (Hebrew: ק״ק עדת ישראל–פועלי צדק–אנשי אזשעראוו‬), is a Modern Orthodox synagogue located in Hampstead, Quebec, a suburb of Montreal. Until 1980 it was located in the city of Outremont (now a borough of Montreal).

Hampstead, Quebec
Hampstead is an on-island suburb of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is an independent municipality bordering the municipality of Côte Saint-Luc and the Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce borough of Montreal. The municipality has the highest percentage of Jewish population of any town in Canada, at 64% of the population.
All-Asian Women's Conference
The All-Asian Women's Conference (AAWC) was a women's conference convened in Lahore in January 1931. It was the first pan-Asian women's conference of its kind. Dominated by Indian organizers, "the AAWC was a vehicle for Indian women to voice their ideas and vision of an Indian-centred Asia". Its predecessor, the All Indian Women's Conference (AIWC), aimed to examine areas of education and legislation to improve the position of women. Like the AIWC, the AAWC aimed to expand this agenda in order to include women in Asia's vision for independence.

All India Women's Conference
The All India Women's Conference (AIWC) is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) based in Delhi. It was founded in 1927 by Margaret Cousins in order to improve educational efforts for women and children and has expanded its scope to also tackle other women's rights issues. The organisation is the oldest nation-wide women's rights organization in India and has branches throughout the country. It is a member of the International Alliance of Women.
Surface Pro (11th generation)
The Surface Pro (11th generation) (also referred to as the Surface Pro 11th Edition) is a 2-in-1 detachable tablet computer developed by Microsoft to supersede the Surface Pro 9 and Surface Pro X.  It was released shortly after the Intel x86-based Surface Pro 10, and unveiled alongside the Surface Laptop (7th generation).  The Surface Pro 11 introduced the Qualcomm Snapdragon X series CPUs to the Surface Pro model line, and therefore runs Windows on ARM. It is also the first Surface device with a built-in NPU designed for generative AI, via Microsoft Copilot+.

The business version of the tablet, powered by Intel, was announced on January 30, 2025, alongside the Surface Laptop (7th generation), and was released on February 18, 2025, for the business sector. For the first time, the device will come with a NFC chip.

Surface Pro 9
The Microsoft Surface Pro 9 is a 2-in-1 detachable tablet computer developed by Microsoft to supersede the Surface Pro 8 and Surface Pro X, merging both brands. The device was announced on October 12, 2022 introducing two new colors and alongside the Surface Laptop 5 and Surface Studio 2+. The tablet is powered by the new Windows 11 operating system, and features 12th generation Intel Core processors or the ARM-based Microsoft SQ3 processor on 5G models.
Ted Leather
Sir Edwin Hartley Cameron Leather KCMG KCVO (22 May 1919 – 5 April 2005) was a Canadian-born British Conservative politician. He served as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the British colony of Bermuda from 1973 to 1977.

Leather served during World War II as an officer, first with the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion and later with the Toronto Scottish and Royal Canadian Artillery. After the war, he worked as an insurance broker in England. In 1950, he was elected to the UK Parliament as the member for North Somerset. He was a backbencher throughout the period of Conservative governments from 1951–1964. He became a UK citizen and was knighted in 1962. Poor health caused him to retire as an MP in 1964. Following the murder of Sir Richard Sharples, Leather was appointed Governor of Bermuda in 1973. He served in the post until 1977 when he retired but remained on the island.

Richard Sharples
Sir Richard Christopher Sharples, KCMG, OBE, MC (6 August 1916 – 10 March 1973) was a British politician and Governor of Bermuda who was shot dead by assassins linked to a small militant Bermudian Black Power group called the Black Beret Cadre. The former army major, who had been a Cabinet Minister, resigned his seat to take up the position of Governor of Bermuda in late 1972. His murder resulted in the last executions conducted under British rule, in 1977.
Lake Thompson (California)
Lake Thompson is a former lake in California. The name is derived from an academic who first speculated on the possibility that a lake existed in lower Antelope Valley. It occupied the area of the lower Antelope Valley and of the lakes Rogers Lake and Rosamond Lake during the Pleistocene. It dried up during the Holocene.

Rosamond Lake
Rosamond Lake is a natural dry lake bed in the Mojave Desert of Kern and Los Angeles County, California. The shores of the lake are entirely within the borders of Edwards Air Force Base, approximately 10 miles (16 km) from Lancaster.  The lake is adjacent to Rogers Dry Lake which through the Holocene, together made up one large water-body. Piute Ponds are immediately to the southwest.
Augustine's Pizza
Augustine's Italian Village, Inc. is a regional frozen food company located in New Castle, Pennsylvania, United States, part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Augustine's Frozen Pizza can be found in Grocery and convenience stores throughout western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio.

New Castle, Pennsylvania
New Castle is a city in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Shenango River at the mouth of Neshannock Creek, it is 43 miles (69 km) northwest of Pittsburgh near the Pennsylvania–Ohio border, approximately 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Youngstown, Ohio. The city had a population of 21,926 as of the 2020 census. The commercial center of a fertile agricultural region, New Castle is included in the northwestern fringes of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
Maciej Wirzbięta
Maciej Wirzbięta (alternatively Wierzbięta; (b. 1523 Kraków, d. June 1605) – Polish printer, translator and bookseller based Kraków. He printed the works of Mikołaj Rej, Jan Kochanowski, Łukasz Górnicki, and Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski, among others.

Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski
Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski (20 September 1503 – 1572), known in Latin as Andreas Fricius Modrevius, was a Polish Renaissance scholar, humanist and theologian, called "the father of Polish democracy". His book De Republica emendanda (O poprawie Rzeczypospolitej) was widely read and praised across most of Renaissance Europe, influencing thinkers such as Jean Bodin, Hugo Grotius and Johannes Althusius.
Baron Dudley
Baron Dudley is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created circa 1440 for John Sutton, a soldier who served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The title descended in the Sutton family until the 17th century when Frances Sutton, the heir apparent to the title, married Humble Ward who was granted the title Baron Ward in 1644. Their heirs inherited both titles until 1740 when the differing rules of inheritance meant that the Barony of Dudley descended on Ferdinando Dudley Lea, who became the 11th Baron whilst the Barony of Ward went to John Ward, who later became 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward. On Ferdinando's death in 1757, the title fell into abeyance. The title was revived in 1916.

John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley
John Sutton VI, 1st Baron Dudley (25 December 1400 – 30 September 1487) was an English nobleman, diplomat, and councillor of King Henry VI. He fought in several battles during the Hundred Years' War and the Wars of the Roses, as well as acted as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1428 to 1430.
Nalli (ruler)
Nalli was a Velir ruler who ruled the Kandeera country and surrounding regions in ancient Tamilakam during the Sangam period. He is extolled for his benevolence, and is mentioned as one of the kadai elu vallal (last seven great patrons) in Tamil literature.

Last seven great patrons
Last seven great patrons (Tamil: Kadai ezhu vallal) are a group of seven kings from ancient Tamilagam mentioned in the Sangam literature. These kings were noted for their generosity and charitable deeds.
Ted Tally
Ted Tally (born April 9, 1952) is an American playwright and screenwriter.  He adapted the Thomas Harris novel The Silence of the Lambs into the film of the same name, for which he received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, the Writers Guild of America Award, the Chicago Film Critics Award, and the Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America.

Thomas Harris
William Thomas Harris III (born September 22, 1940) is an American writer. He is the author of a series of suspense novels about Hannibal Lecter. The majority of his works have been adapted into films and television, including The Silence of the Lambs, which became only the third film in Academy Awards history to sweep the Oscars in all of the five major categories.

His novels have sold more than 50 million copies, with The Silence of the Lambs alone selling 10 million copies as of 2019.
Human–robot collaboration
Human-Robot Collaboration is the study of collaborative processes in human and robot agents work together to achieve shared goals. Many new applications for robots require them to work alongside people as capable members of human-robot teams. These include robots for homes, hospitals, and offices, space exploration and manufacturing. Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) is an interdisciplinary research area comprising classical robotics, human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, process design, layout planning, ergonomics, cognitive sciences, and psychology.

Industrial applications of human-robot collaboration involve Collaborative Robots, or cobots, that physically interact with humans in a shared workspace to complete tasks such as collaborative manipulation or object handovers.

Cobot
A cobot, or collaborative robot, also known as a companion robot, is a robot intended for direct human-robot interaction within a shared space, or where humans and robots are in close proximity. Cobot applications contrast with traditional industrial robot applications in which robots are isolated from human contact or the humans are protected by robotic tech vests. Cobot safety may rely on lightweight construction materials, rounded edges, and inherent limitation of speed and force, or on sensors and software that ensure safe behavior.
Genoese Gazaria
Gazaria (also Cassaria, Cacsarea, and Gasaria) was the colonial possessions of the Republic of Genoa in Crimea and around the Black Sea coasts in the territories of the modern regions of Russia, Ukraine and Romania, from the mid-13th century to the late 15th century. The Genoese rule was represented by a consul, and the capital of the Gazaria was the city of Kaffa (present-day Feodosia) in the Crimean peninsula.

The name Gazaria derives from Khazaria, though the Khazars had ceased to rule over the area well before the Genoese arrived.

Feodosia
Feodosia (Ukrainian: Феодосія, Теодосія, Feodosiia, Teodosiia; Russian: Феодосия, tr. Feodosiya), also called in English Theodosia (from Greek: Θεοδοσία), is a city on the Crimean coast of the Black Sea. Feodosia serves as the administrative center of Feodosia Municipality, one of the regions into which Crimea is divided. During much of its history, the city was a significant settlement known as Caffa (Ligurian: Cafà) or Kaffa (Old Crimean Tatar/Ottoman Turkish: کفه‎; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe). According to the 2014 census, its population was 69,145.
Livedoid vasculopathy
Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is an uncommon thrombotic dermal vasculopathy that is characterized by excruciating, recurrent ulcers on the lower limbs. Livedo racemosa, along with painful ulceration in the distal regions of the lower extremities, is the characteristic clinical appearance. It heals to form porcelain-white, atrophic scars, also known as Atrophie blanche.

Livedoid vasculopathy has been linked to various conditions that can induce hypercoagulability, including neoplasms, autoimmune connective-tissue diseases, and inherited and acquired thrombophilias.

The history, clinical findings, and histopathological analysis are combined to make the diagnosis.

Prompt and suitable intervention mitigates discomfort and averts the formation of wounds and additional complications. In addition to general supportive measures, anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications can be considered the first-line treatments.

Vasculitis
Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation. Both arteries and veins are affected. Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic vessels) is sometimes considered a type of vasculitis. Vasculitis is primarily caused by leukocyte migration and resultant damage. Although both occur in vasculitides, inflammation of veins (phlebitis) or arteries (arteritis) on their own are separate entities.
Certificate of Merit Medal
The Certificate of Merit Medal was a military decoration of the United States Army that was issued between the years of 1905 and 1918.  The Certificate of Merit Medal replaced the much older Certificate of Merit which was authorized by the United States Congress on March 3, 1847.

Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces
Various medals, service ribbons, ribbon devices, and specific badges recognize military service and personal accomplishments of members of the U.S. Armed Forces. Such awards are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a service member's career.