hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
L-infinity
In mathematics, , the (real or complex) vector space of bounded sequences with the supremum norm, and , the vector space of essentially bounded measurable functions with the essential supremum norm, are two closely related Banach spaces. In fact the former is a special case of the latter.  As a Banach space they are, respectively, the continuous dual of the Banach spaces  of absolutely summable sequences, and   of absolutely integrable measurable functions (if the measure space fulfills the conditions of being localizable and therefore semifinite). Pointwise multiplication gives them the structure of a Banach algebra, and in fact they are the standard examples of abelian Von Neumann algebras.

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.
1945 Rose Bowl
The 1945 Rose Bowl was the 31st edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Monday, January 1. The USC Trojans of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) defeated the Tennessee Volunteers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), 25–0.

1944 USC Trojans football team
The 1944 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1944 college football season. In their third year under head coach Jeff Cravath, the Trojans compiled an 8–0–2 record (3–0–2 against conference opponents), won the Pacific Coast Conference championship, defeated Tennessee in the 1945 Rose Bowl, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 240 to 73.
2021 Buffalo Bulls football team
The 2021 Buffalo Bulls football team represented the University at Buffalo as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by first-year head coach Maurice Linguist, the Bulls compiled an overall record of 4–8 with a mark of 2–6 in conference play, tying for fourth place in the MAC's East Division. The team played home games at University at Buffalo Stadium in Amherst, New York.

2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the 152nd season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at its highest level of competition, the Football Bowl Subdivision. The regular season began on August 28, 2021, and ended on December 11, 2021. The postseason began on December 17, with the main games ending on January 10, 2022, with the College Football Playoff National Championship at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, and the all-star portion of the post-season concluding with the inaugural HBCU Legacy Bowl on February 19, 2022. It was the eighth season of the College Football Playoff (CFP) system.  It was the first time since 2016 that no major team finished the season undefeated as the Cincinnati Bearcats, the season's last undefeated team, were defeated in the 2021 Cotton Bowl Classic. The season's Heisman Trophy winner was Alabama Crimson Tide quarterback Bryce Young.
Prince René of Bourbon-Parma
Prince René of Bourbon-Parma (17 October 1894 – 30 July 1962) was the seventh surviving son of Robert I, Duke of Parma, and his second wife, Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal. In 1921, he married Princess Margaret of Denmark. They had four children including Anne, the wife of Michael I, former King of Romania.

Robert I, Duke of Parma
Robert I (Italian: Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria, French: Robert Charles Louis Marie, 9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907) was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 until 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the Risorgimento. He was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma and descended from Philip, Duke of Parma, the third son of King Philip V of Spain and Queen Elisabeth Farnese.
John Fiscalini
John Alvin Fiscalini (February 25, 1925 – December 17, 1982) was an American college and minor league baseball outfielder.

Following a standout baseball career at San Bernardino High School, Fiscalini joined the United States Air Force upon his graduation in 1943. After the conclusion of World War II, Fiscalini attended the University of California at Berkeley, where he was a member of the Cal Golden Bears baseball team from 1946 to 1948.

In 1947, Fiscalini led the Golden Bears in hitting, earning First-Team All-American honors and leading Cal to the inaugural 1947 College World Series, where they defeated the Yale Bulldogs in the championship game. In 1948, Fiscalini signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates, spending time with the New Orleans Pelicans, Waco Pirates, Davenport Pirates, Charleston Rebels, and Albany Senators before retiring after the 1950 season.

Fiscalini Field in San Bernardino is named in his honor.

1947 California Golden Bears baseball team
The 1947 California Golden Bears baseball team represented the University of California in the 1947 NCAA baseball season. The Golden Bears played their home games at Evans Diamond. The team was coached by Clint Evans in his 18th season at California.

The Golden Bears won the inaugural College World Series, defeating the Yale Bulldogs two games to none in the best of three championship series.
2021–present Madagascar famine
In mid-2021, a severe drought in southern Madagascar caused hundreds of thousands of people, with some estimating more than 1 million people including nearly 460,000 children, to suffer from food insecurity or Kere (famine). Some organizations have attributed the situation to the impact of climate change and the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.

As of 2025, the famine is considered as an ongoing disaster.

COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar
The COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 20 March 2020, the first case in Madagascar was confirmed in Antananarivo.
2018 SMU Mustangs football team
The 2018 SMU Mustangs football team represented Southern Methodist University in the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Mustangs played their home games at Gerald J. Ford Stadium in Dallas, Texas and competed in the West Division of the American Athletic Conference. They were led by first-year coach Sonny Dykes and finished the season 5–7, 4–4 in American Athletic play to finish in fourth place in the West Division.

2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season  was the 149th season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at its highest level of competition, the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The regular season began on August 25, 2018, and ended on December 8, 2018. The postseason began on December 15, and aside from any all-star games that were scheduled, concluded on January 7, 2019, with the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California. The Clemson Tigers won the title game over the Alabama Crimson Tide, the school's third national title and second in three years, and also becoming the first team since the 1897 Penn Quakers to have a perfect 15-0 season.
Mangrullo Formation
The Mangrullo Formation is an Early Permian (Artinskian) fossiliferous geological formation in northeastern Uruguay. Some authors alternatively group it together with the Paso Aguiar Formation and the Frayle Muerto Formation as the three subdivisions of the Melo Formation, in which case it is referred to as the Mangrullo Member. Like the correlated formations of Irati and Whitehill, it is known for its abundant mesosaur fossils. It also contains the oldest known Konservat-Lagerstätte in South America, as well as the oldest known fossils of amniote embryos.

Irati Formation
Irati Formation is the name of a geological formation of the Paraná Basin in Brazil. It has previously been dated as Late Permian using palynomorphs, but is now dated as Early Permian using zircon ages obtained from bentonite layers. The base of the formation has been dated at 278.4 ± 2.2 Ma. Exposures of the Irati Formation are to be found in the South (Geopark of Paleorrota), southeastern Brazil and in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso do Sul. The formation is part of the Passa Dios Group, underlying the Serra Alta Formation and overlying the Palermo Formation. The formation has been deposited in a restricted marine environment. The Irati Formation, with a maximum thickness of 80 metres (260 ft), was defined and named by White in 1908.
Boise Hawks
The Boise Hawks are an independent baseball team of the Pioneer League, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball (MLB) but is an MLB Partner League. Home games are played at Memorial Stadium in unincorporated Ada County, Idaho, near Boise.

From their establishment in 1987 through 2020, the Hawks were members of the Class A Short Season Northwest League. In conjunction with a contraction of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the team shifted to the Pioneer League, which was converted from an MLB-affiliated rookie league to an independent baseball league and granted status as an MLB Partner League.

Class A Short Season
Class A Short Season (officially Short-Season A) was a level of play in Minor League Baseball in the United States from 1965 through 2020. In the hierarchy of minor league classifications, it was below Triple-A, Double-A, Class A-Advanced (created in 1990), and Class A. Teams in Class A Short Season played about 75 to 80 games per season, compared to the 130- to 140-game seasons of most professional baseball minor leagues.

As part of the 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues, Class A Short Season was eliminated along with its two leagues, the New York–Penn League and Northwest League. Nine of the 22 active short-season teams were organized into new leagues at the High-A classification level.
Bloomingdale's flagship store
The Bloomingdale's flagship store is a department store between Third and Lexington Avenues, and 59th and 60th Streets on the border of the Upper East Side and Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It was designed by Herman J. Schwarzmann and Albert Buchman for Joseph B. and Lyman Bloomingdale, and opened in 1886; it was expanded in 1893 and 1930. The store spans 815,000 square feet (75,700 m2), of which 555,000 square feet (51,600 m2) is selling space, and occupies nearly an entire city block. It remains the flagship store and headquarters of the Bloomingdale's department store chain, founded in 1861 and owned by Macy's, Inc. since 1930.

Lexington Avenue
Lexington Avenue, often colloquially abbreviated as "Lex", is an avenue on the East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The avenue carries southbound one-way traffic from East 131st Street to Gramercy Park at East 21st Street. Along its 5.5-mile (8.9-kilometer), 110-block route, Lexington Avenue runs through Harlem, Carnegie Hill, the Upper East Side, Midtown, and Murray Hill to a point of origin that is centered on Gramercy Park. South of Gramercy Park, the axis continues as Irving Place from 20th Street to East 14th Street.

Lexington Avenue was not one of the streets included in the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 street grid, so the addresses for cross streets do not start at an even hundred number, as they do with avenues that were originally part of the plan.
Ed Finlay
Edward Finlay was a college football player and referee. He played at the University of Virginia and Sewanee: The University of the South, a member of the latter's 1909 team. He played as an end, opposite Silas Williams.

1909 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1909 Sewanee Tigers football team represented Sewanee: The University of the South during the 1909 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season.  The team was coached by Harris G. Cope in his 1st year as head coach, compiling a record of 6–1 (5–0 SIAA) and outscoring opponents 160 to 42 to win the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association title. Sewanee beat the previous season's champions LSU and Auburn, and upset rival Vanderbilt, handing the school its first loss to a Southern team in six years.
2009–10 George Mason Patriots men's basketball team
The 2009–10 George Mason Patriots men's basketball team represented George Mason University during the 2009–10 college basketball season. The Patriots, led by head coach Jim Larranaga, are members of the Colonial Athletic Association and played their home games at the Patriot Center. They finished the season 17–15, 12–6 in CAA play and lost in the quarterfinals of the 2010 CAA men's basketball tournament to VCU. They were invited to play in the 2010 CollegeInsider.com Tournament where they lost in the first round to Fairfield.

EagleBank Arena
EagleBank Arena (originally the Patriot Center) is an indoor arena on the campus of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, United States. Opened 41 years ago in 1985, it is the home of Patriot men's & women's basketball, and is a venue for concerts and family shows, with 17,000 square feet (1,600 m2) of space. EagleBank Arena has a capacity of 10,000.

In 2010, the EagleBank Arena was ranked seventh nationwide and twelfth worldwide according to ticket sales for venues with capacities between 10,001 and 15,000 by trade publication Venues Today. Also in 2010, the Patriot Center was ranked No. 8 nationwide and No. 18 worldwide according to top grossing venues with a capacity between 10,001 and 15,000 by Billboard magazine.

In July 2015, it was renamed the EagleBank Arena. The arena is operated by Monumental Sports & Entertainment.
Badzhui people
The Badzhui (Bajuwi) are a subgroup of the Shughni group of Pamiris, although sometimes considered to be a distinct ethnographic group. They are primarily Sunni Muslim, unlike the Shughni who are Ismaili. The Badzhui are also known under the generic term Pamir people. They live in the Rushon District of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajikistan.

Pamiris
The Pamiris, also known as Badakhshanis are an Eastern Iranian ethnic group, native to Central Asia, living primarily in Tajikistan (Gorno-Badakhshan), Afghanistan (Badakhshan), Siachen, Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, Chitral) and China (Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County). They speak a variety of different languages, amongst which languages of the Eastern Iranian Pamir language group stand out. The languages of the Shughni-Rushani group, alongside Wakhi, are the most widely spoken Pamiri languages.
1977 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1977 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented California State University, Fresno as a member of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association (PCAA) during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. Led by second-year head coach Jim Sweeney, Fresno State compiled an overall record of 9–2 with a mark of 4–0 in conference play, winning the PCAA title. The Bulldogs played their home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California.

Jim Sweeney (American football, born 1929)
James Joseph Sweeney (September 1, 1929 – February 8, 2013) was an American college football coach who was the head coach at Montana State University (1963–1967), Washington State University (1968–1975), and California State University, Fresno (1976–1977, 1980–1996), compiling a career college football record of 201–153–4 (.567). Sweeney's 144 wins at Fresno State are the most in the program's history. He was also an assistant coach in the National Football League (NFL). He played in college as an end for the Portland Pilots.
1979 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team
The 1979 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team represented Mississippi State University as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by first-year head coach Emory Bellard, the Bulldogs compiled an overall record of 3–8, with a mark of 2–4 in conference play, and finished eighth in the SEC.

This was the first season at Mississippi State for head coach Emory Bellard, the creator of the wishbone offense.

Wishbone formation
The wishbone formation, also known simply as the bone, is an offensive formation in American football. The style of attack to which it gives rise is known as the wishbone offense. Like the spread offense in the 2000s to the present, the wishbone was considered to be the most productive and innovative offensive scheme in college football during the 1970s and 1980s.
Embassy of Cuba, Lima
The Embassy of Cuba in Peru represents the represents the permanent diplomatic mission of the Republic of Cuba to the Republic of Peru. The chancery is located at Calle Choquehuanca 135, El Olivar, San Isidro District, Lima.

The current ambassador of Cuba to Peru since 2025 is Argelio Labrada Cruz, Chargé d'affaires (a.i.).

El Olivar, Peru
El Olivar is a public park located in the neighbourhood of the same name in San Isidro District, Lima, Peru. Named after the olive trees located there since their introduction in 1560, it is part of the cultural heritage of Peru.
2008–09 Penn State Nittany Lions basketball team
The 2008–09 Penn State Nittany Lions basketball team represented Pennsylvania State University and completed the season by winning the 2009 National Invitation Tournament over the Baylor Bears at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Head Coach, Ed DeChellis, coached his sixth season with the team. The team played its home games in University Park, Pennsylvania at the Bryce Jordan Center, which has a capacity of 15,261, for the twelfth consecutive season. The season marked the team's sixteenth consecutive season as a member of the Big Ten Conference.

2009 National Invitation Tournament
The 2009 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2009 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament.  The 72nd annual tournament began on March 17 on campus sites and ended on April 2 at Madison Square Garden in New York City, with Penn State winning the final 69–63 over Baylor.
Arkansas Highway 45
Arkansas Highway 45 (AR 45) is a designation for three state highways in Northwest Arkansas. One segment of 26.97 miles (43.40 km) runs from Highway 96 north to Interstate 540 (I-540) in Fort Smith. A second segment of 10.64 miles (17.12 km) runs from Highway 59 north of Dutch Mills north to U.S. Route 62 (US 62) east of Lincoln. A third segment of 25.42 miles (40.91 km) runs from College Avenue in Fayetteville north to Highway 12 west of Clifty. These routes were formerly connected until a portion of approximately 50 miles (80 km) was redesignated Highway 59 and many United States highways were rerouted through Fayetteville.

Arkansas Highway 59
Arkansas Highway 59 is a north–south state highway in Northwest Arkansas. The route runs 93.24 miles (150.06 km) from Arkansas Highway 22 in Barling north to the Missouri state line through Van Buren, the county seat of Crawford County. Highway 59 parallels US 59 (in Oklahoma) between Siloam Springs and Fort Smith.
Rheged
Rheged (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈr̥ɛɡɛd]) was one of the kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd ('Old North'), the Brittonic-speaking region of what is now Northern England and southern Scotland, during the post-Roman era and Early Middle Ages. It is recorded in several poetic and bardic sources, although its borders are not described in any of them.  Archaeological work from 2012 onwards on a site in Galloway in Scotland is interpreted by the excavators as showing that it is a royal centre of Rheged. Rheged possibly extended into Lancashire and other parts of northern England. In some sources, Rheged is intimately associated with the king Urien Rheged and his family. Its inhabitants spoke Cumbric, a Brittonic dialect closely related to Old Welsh.

Cumbric
Cumbric is an extinct Celtic Brythonic language or dialect that was spoken during the Early Middle Ages in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North", in what is now Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands.  Place-name evidence suggests Cumbric may also have been spoken as far south as Pendle and the Yorkshire Dales. The prevailing view is that it became extinct in the 12th century, around the incorporation of the Kingdom of Strathclyde into the Kingdom of Scotland.

Linguists are undecided as to whether to classify Cumbric as a dialect of Old Welsh or as a separate language. Koch calls it a dialect but goes on to say that some of the place names in the Cumbric region "clearly reflect a developed medieval language, much like Welsh, Cornish or Breton".
1927–28 Primera Fuerza season
The 1927–28 season was the 6th edition of the amateur league called Campeonato de Primera Fuerza and the first edition organized by the current Federación Mexicana de Fútbol (FMF), which was established in 1927 and replacing the Federación Central de Fútbol.
It had 8 participating clubs and all from Mexico City.

Mexican Football Federation
The Mexican Football Federation (Spanish: Federación Mexicana de Fútbol Asociación, A.C.), abbreviated as FMF, is the official governing body of football in Mexico. It administers the men's and women's national teams with all the youth teams, the national teams of futsal and beach soccer, the Liga MX with all the professional promotion divisions, all affiliated amateur sectors, and controls promoting, organizing, directing, expanding, and supervising competitive football in Mexico.

The FMF was established on 23 August 1927 to replace the Federación Central de Fútbol, the first president was Humberto Garza Ramos. It is an affiliate member of FIFA since 1929, and an affiliate founding member of CONCACAF since 1961. Subject to policies, statutes, objectives and ideals of those international governing bodies. Its headquarters are located in Toluca, State of Mexico.
1935 Delaware State Hornets football team
The 1935 Delaware State Hornets football team represented the State College for Colored Students—now known as Delaware State University—as a member of the Middle Atlantic Athletic Association (MAAA) during  the 1935 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Edward L. Jackson, Delaware State compiled an overall record of 7–1 with a mark of 5–0 in conference play, winning the MAAA title for the second consecutive season.

Middle Atlantic Athletic Association
The Middle Atlantic Athletic Association (MAAA or M3A) formation date is unknown (circa early 1930s). An article suggests the M3A was formed in 1931–32.  This association or what now are known as "conferences" was able to bring together several historically black colleges from middle eastern states to compete for titles in all sports.  The Baltimore Afro-American, an African American newspaper features several articles with the teams from the M3A.  It includes scores, championship and information pertaining to the schools. The schools that made up this conference were:

Bowie Normal School (Bulldogs)

Bordentown School

Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural School (Downies)

Princess Anne Academy (Trojans)

Delaware State College (Hornets)

Cheyney State Normal School (Wolves)

Storer College (Golden Tornadoes)