hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abdollah Najafi
Abdullah Najafi (Persian: عبدالله نجفی; born 1951) is a Brigadier General of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, who was the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Army Ground Forces from May 8, 1991, to November 2, 1994.

He entered the Army's Ground Forces Officers' Academy in 1967. After the 1979 Revolution, Najafi became a member of the Military Committee and the Office of Military Advisor to Ruhollah Khomeini. He headed the Presidential Military Working Group from 1988 to 1998. Between 1998 and 1991, Najafi served as Deputy Coordinator of the Army's Ground Forces, Deputy Coordinator of the Army's Joint Staff, and Deputy Coordinator of the Army's Ground Forces. In 1991, he was appointed Commander of the Army's Ground Forces, a position he held until 1994. He served as head of the General Office for Information Protection of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1994 to 1997 before being replaced by Hesam Hashemi.

Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces
The Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces (Persian: نیروی زمینی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Niruye Zaminiye Arteše Jomhuriye Eslâmiye Irân) (Persian: نزاجا, NEZAJA) are the conventional ground forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces (Artesh). In Iran, it is also called Artesh, (ارتش) which is Persian for "army."

In 2025, the Central Intelligence Agency estimated that the regular Iranian Army ground forces had 350,000 personnel. Conscripts serve for 21 months as of 2015. Iran has two parallel land forces with some integration at the command level: the regular Artesh (Army), and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, also known as the Sepâh (IRGC). Thus the IRGC Ground Forces parallel the Artesh's regular ground forces.
Heinrich Detering
Heinrich Detering (born 1 November 1959 in Neumünster) is a poet, writer, and Professor in the fields of Literary Studies and Comparative literature Studies, mainly at the University of Göttingen. He was the president of the German Academy for Language and Literature from 2011 to 2017 and was awarded the german order of merit, the Pour le Mérite.

Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung
The Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung (in English German Academy for Language and Literature) was founded on 28 August 1949, on the 200th birthday of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, in the Paulskirche in Frankfurt. It is seated in Darmstadt, since 1971 in the Glückert House at the Darmstadt Artists' Colony. It is a society of writers and scholars on matters pertaining to German language and literature in the Deutsche sprachraum, or Germanosphere.
Atmah
Atmah (1908 – after 1915) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She failed to win as a two-year-old but showed considerable promise on her final start when she ran third in the Dewhurst Stakes. In the following year she contested four of the five British Classic Races, recording her biggest success when taking the 1000 Guineas. She made no impact as a broodmare.

Dewhurst Stakes
The Dewhurst Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in October.

It is Britain's most prestigious race for juvenile horses. The leading participants usually become major contenders for the following season's Classics.
Muffin rings
Muffin rings are metal cookware used for oven-baking or griddle-cooking muffins or English muffins. Muffin rings are circle-shaped objects made of thin metal. The rings are about one inch high. Batter is poured into the rings, which are placed on a griddle. The griddle is then baked in an oven. The muffins and the ring are turned over midway through the baking to bake the other side of the muffin.

Muffin
A muffin is a type of individual-sized baked good. It is often a small, sweet quickbread or cake in a cup-shaped container. It may be named for additional ingredients, e.g., "blueberry muffin".

While quickbread "American" muffins are often sweetened, there are savory varieties made with ingredients such as cornbread muffins and cheese muffins, and less sweet varieties such as traditional bran muffins. The quickbread muffin originated in North America during the 19th century.
2010 cash for influence scandal
The 2010 cash for influence scandal was a political scandal in the United Kingdom. It was brought to public and widespread media attention by a March 2010 documentary by Dispatches in which a journalistic sting operation recorded and revealed Members of Parliament and Lords offering to work for a fictitious political lobbying firm for fees of £3,000 to £5,000 per day.

As a result of the scandal, Labour MPs Patricia Hewitt, Geoff Hoon, Margaret Moran and Stephen Byers were all suspended from the party. Hoon, Byers and Richard Caborn later also received bans from Parliament.

Stephen Byers
Stephen John Byers (born 13 April 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wallsend between 1992 and 1997, and  North Tyneside from 1997 to 2010. He served in the Cabinet from 1998 to 2002, and was implicated in the MP expenses scandal and retired from politics in 2010.

During Byers' ministerial career, he was Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, and Secretary of State for Transport, Local Government and the Regions in the Cabinet.
Pizza in China
The presence of pizza restaurant chains has contributed to a significant increase in pizza consumption in mainland China and Hong Kong. This also had an effect of introducing cheese as a culinary ingredient and everyday food in China, which was relatively uncommon in Chinese cuisine prior to the emergence of pizza chains. Pizza Hut opened its first store in China in 1990, and several pizza restaurant chains exist in China today.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Ronny J
Ronald Oneil Spence Jr., professionally known as Ronny J (formerly stylized as RONNYJLI$TENUP), is an American record producer and rapper. Since the mid-2010s, he has been credited with production work for several music industry artists, including Kanye West, Eminem, Denzel Curry, XXXTentacion, Token, Smokepurpp, Lil Pump, Bhad Bhabie, Juice Wrld, Sfera Ebbasta, 6ix9ine, Ski Mask the Slump God, Machine Gun Kelly, and Iggy Azalea.

Smokepurpp
Omar Jeffery Pineiro (born May 15, 1997), known professionally as Smokepurpp, is an American rapper. He released his commercial debut single, "Audi", in 2017; it would go on to receive platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In March of that year, he signed with Alamo and Interscope Records to release the song and his debut mixtape for which it served as the lead single, Deadstar (2017). It peaked at number 42 on the Billboard 200, while his debut studio album and the mixtape's sequel, Deadstar 2 (2019), narrowly entered the chart. His second album, Florida Jit (2020), failed to chart in any territory and served as his final album on the label.
World Bowl '91
World Bowl '91 (also referred to as World Bowl I) was the first annual World Bowl, the championship game of the World League of American Football. It took place on June 9, 1991 at London's Wembley Stadium. The game featured a matchup between the Barcelona Dragons and the London Monarchs. The Monarchs won 21–0 in front of 61,108 fans.

World Bowl
The World Bowl was the annual American football championship game of the World League of American Football, later called NFL Europe. The World Bowl was played each year from 1991 to 2007 (except 1993 and 1994).

The first World Bowl was played in 1991 in London. With the 1995 relaunch of the World League with the North American teams removed, all subsequent World Bowls were played in Europe between European clubs. The only World Bowl to take place outside Europe was World Bowl '92 in Montreal, Canada.

The World Bowl trophy was a globe made of glass measuring 35.5 cm (14 inches) in diameter and weighing 18.6 kg (41 lbs).
Amshan Kumar
Amshan Kumar is an Indian filmmaker and writer. He has won a National Film Award for his documentary film Yazhpanan Thedchanamoorthy - Music beyond boundaries in the year 2015. This is a lone Tamil non-fiction film to win a National Award in the past 17 years prior to this award  He is also a writer on films, his book Cinema Rasanai on film appreciation is being used as a textbook in many universities. His debut feature film Oruththi was selected for the 2003 International Film Festival of India and was screened in the Indian Panorama section. His second feature film Manusangada was screened in the 39th Cairo International Film Festival and also in the 48th International Film Festival of India (2017) in the Indian Panorama section. He lives in Chennai.

International Film Festival of India
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI), founded in 1952, is an annual film festival currently held in Goa, on the western coast of India. The festival aims at providing a common platform for the cinemas of the world to project the excellence of the film art; contributing to the understanding and appreciation of film cultures of different nations in the context of their social and cultural ethos, and promoting friendship and cooperation among people of the world. The festival is conducted jointly by the National Film Development Corporation of India (under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting) and the state Government of Goa.
Southern constituency (Dagestan)
The Southern constituency (No.12) is a Russian legislative constituency in Republic of Dagestan. The constituency covers western and south-western Dagestan, mostly populated by Avars, Dargins and Lezgins. The present day Southern constituency was created in 2015 from most parts of former Buynaksk constituency and mountainous south-west of former Derbent constituency.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Dzhamaladin Gasanov, former State Duma member elected as LDPR candidate in 2007 and A Just Russia candidate 2011, who won the open seat, defeating one-term United Russia incumbent Abdulmazhid Magramov in the primary.

Avars (Caucasus)
The Avars (/ˈævɑːrz/), also known as Maharuls' (Avar: магӀарулал, romanized: maⱨarulal, lit. 'mountaineers'), are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group. The Avars are the largest of several ethnic groups living in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The Avars reside in the North Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Alongside other ethnic groups in the North Caucasus region, the Avars live in ancient villages located approximately 2,000 meters above sea level. The Avar language spoken by the Caucasian Avars belongs to the family of Avar–Andic languages. Sunni Islam has been the prevailing religion of the Avars since the 14th century.
Nollaí
Nollaí (Welsh: Nolig) is a short Irish and Welsh animated Christmas film. Nollaig ("Nollaí" for short) is just an ordinary reindeer. Maybe he's a bit taller than the other reindeer but he's always been told he's just big-boned. Nollaí has a great life on the farm with his human family, until he finds out that there's a chance he is actually an Irish Elk! This sends Nollaí on an adventure of discovery to find out about his origins.

This is the first animated Christmas film ever to have been jointly commissioned by TG4, BBC NI, and S4C. It is a result of cultural collaboration between Ireland and Wales. Nollaí was first released on the same day by Cúla4, TG4, BBC 2 NI and S4C.

TG4
TG4 (/ˌtiː dʒiː ˈkæhər/; Irish: TG Ceathair, pronounced [ˌtʲeːɟeː ˈcahəɾʲ]) is an Irish free-to-air public service television channel. It launched on 31 October 1996 and is available online and through its on-demand service TG4 Player in Ireland and beyond.

TG4 was initially known as Teilifís na Gaeilge (TnaG), before being renamed in 1999. It was the third national station to be launched in Ireland, after RTÉ One in 1961 (as Teilifís Éireann) and RTÉ Two in 1978. It was followed by a fourth channel, TV3 (now called Virgin Media One), in 1998.

On average 1.2m people watch TG4 in the Republic of Ireland every week. 650,000 viewers tune into the channel each day. It has a 2% share of the national television market in the Republic of Ireland and 3% of the national television market in Northern Ireland. The daily Irish-language programme schedule is its core service: seven hours of programming in Irish supported by a wide range of material in other languages, mostly English and French.
Kadawedduwe Jinavamsa Mahathera
Most Ven. Kaḍaveddūve Shrī Jinavaṁsa Mahāthera (1 April 1907 – 13 July 2003) (Pali: Siri Jinavaṃsa, sometimes spelled Jinawansa, Sinhala: අති පූජ්‍ය කඩවැද්දූවේ ශ්‍රී ජිනවංශ මහා ථේර) was a Sri Lankan (Sinhalese) Bhikkhu (Buddhist monk). He was the founder of Sri Kalyani Yogasrama Samstha, a reform movement within the Sri Lankan Rāmañña Nikāya.

Rāmañña Nikāya
Rāmañña Nikāya (රාමඤ්ඤ නිකාය, also spelled Ramanya Nikaya) was one of the three major Buddhist orders in Sri Lanka. It was founded in 1864 when Ambagahawatte Saranankara, returned to Sri Lanka after being ordained by the Neyyadhamma Munivara Sangharaja of Ratnapunna Vihara in Burma. It was one of three Sri Lankan orthodox Buddhist monastic orders, along with Siam Nikaya and Amarapura Nikaya. On 16 August 2019, the Amarapura and Rammana Nikaya were unified as the Amarapura–Rāmañña Nikāya, making it the largest Buddhist fraternity in Sri Lanka.
Masaaki Koyama
Masaaki Koyama (小山 正明, Koyama Masaaki, July 28, 1934 – April 18, 2025) was a Japanese professional baseball pitcher in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He played for the Osaka / Hanshin Tigers from 1953 to 1963, the Tokyo / Lotte Orions from 1964 to 1972, and the Taiyo Whales in 1973. He is a member of the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame.

A right-handed pitcher, Koyama threw hard and was known for his effective slider and pinpoint control. He ranks third all-time in the NPB in wins (320), strikeouts (3,159), innings pitched (4,899), and shutouts (74). He won 20 or more games 7 separate times, was selected to eleven All-Star teams, and won the 1962 Eiji Sawamura Award.

Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame
The Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (野球体育博物館, Yakyū Taiiku Hakubutsukan), commonly known outside of Japan as the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame, is a hall of fame and museum in Tokyo dedicated to professional baseball, with a prominent focus on professional baseball in Japan. The Hall is intended to honor and commemorate inducted players, executives, umpires, and other individuals who developed and/or made a significant impact towards the sport of baseball in Japan.
Camp Takota
Camp Takota is a 2014 comedy-drama film starring YouTube personalities Grace Helbig, Hannah Hart and Mamrie Hart. The film is directed by Nick Riedell and Chris Riedell, also known as The Brothers Riedell, and produced by Michael Goldfine. The film, produced by RockStream Studios, was released on February 14, 2014.

Internet Icon
Internet Icon is an online video-making talent competition (described as "American Idol-esque") that premiered on the YOMYOMF YouTube channel on June 12, 2012. The show was a competition between groups to see who can be "the next internet icon" or be able to run their own YouTube channel while sustaining an audience. Internet Icon was hosted by Chester See in season one and Chris Riedell in season two, and judged mainly by Ryan Higa and Christine Lakin in season one, with the addition of Timothy DeLaGhetto in the second season. Nick Riedell was also included as a mentor of the contestants in the second season. Additionally, there is also a guest judge who appears on the show each elimination episode. The contestants complete challenges at the Los Angeles Center Studios, where the show is also shot. The series is one of YOMYOMF's most popular. After two seasons, Internet Icon was cancelled, due to funding issues.
Tandhah
Tandhah (Arabic: تَنْدَحَة) is a settlement belonging to the Khamis Mushait Governorate in the Asir region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is located about 20 kilometers east of the city of Khamis Mushait, connected to Khamis Mushait - Riyadh.

Khamis Mushait
Khamis Mushayt or Khamis Mushait (Arabic: خميس مشيط, Ḫamīs Mušayṭ Arabic pronunciation: [xamiːs muʃajtˤ], locally: [xamiːs‿ɪmʃeːtˤ]) is a city in south-west Saudi Arabia, located east of Abha, the provincial seat of the Asir Province 884 kilometres (549 mi) from the national capital of Riyadh. It is the capital of the Shahran tribe in the Asir region.
It is the fifth-largest city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca and Medina, with an estimated metro population of 1,353,000 as of 2017. Khamis Mushayt is noted for being the fourth largest trading centre in Saudi Arabia, and its military airbase.
1991 Intercontinental Cup
The 1991 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 8 December 1991 between Red Star Belgrade of SFR Yugoslavia, winners of the 1990–91 European Cup, and Colo-Colo of Chile, winners of the 1991 Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the neutral venue of the National Stadium in Tokyo in front of 60,000 fans. Vladimir Jugović was named as man of the match.

1991 Copa Libertadores
The 1991 Copa Libertadores was won by Colo-Colo of Chile after defeating Olimpia of Paraguay with a 3–0 aggregate score in the finals. The championship would mark a first for a Chilean club team in an international tournament. Twenty-one clubs from all South American countries within Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL) participated.
Leopold Taburyanskyi
Leopold Ivanovych Taburyanskyi (Ukrainian: Леопольд Іванович Табурянський; born 22 July 1940) is a Ukrainian politician who served as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from Dnipropetrovsk Oblast from 1990 to 1994. He was a candidate in the 1991 Ukrainian presidential election, where he gathered 0.57% of the vote.

1991 Ukrainian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 1 December 1991, the first direct presidential elections in the country's history. Leonid Kravchuk, the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada and de facto acting president, ran as an independent candidate and was elected for a five-year term with 62% of the vote.

An independence referendum held on the same day saw 92% of voters voting to secede from the Soviet Union. All six presidential candidates supported independence and had campaigned for a "yes" vote in the referendum.
April 1995 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Saturday, April 15, 1995, with an umbral magnitude of 0.1114. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 1.9 days before perigee (on April 17, 1995, at 9:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

It occurred on Easter Sunday (Gregorian only) the first for a lunar eclipse since March 1940.: 152

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Solar eclipse of February 28, 2044
An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, February 28, 2044, with a magnitude of 0.96. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 6.7 days after apogee (on February 22, 2044, at 5:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be smaller.

While the path of annularity will be not visible from any land areas, a partial solar eclipse will be visible for parts of Antarctica and much of South America. This will be the last of 55 umbral eclipses in Solar Saros 121.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Jairam Ramesh
Jairam Ramesh (born 9 April 1954) is a senior Indian politician to the Indian National Congress. He is a Member of Parliament representing Karnataka state in the Rajya Sabha. In July 2011, Jairam was elevated to the Union Council of Ministers of India and appointed Minister of Rural Development and Minister (additional charge) of the new Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. However, in the cabinet reshuffle in October 2012, he was divested of the portfolio of Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. He was previously the Indian Minister of State (Independent Charge) at the Ministry of Environment and Forests from May 2009 to July 2011.

Ministry of Rural Development (India)
The Ministry of Rural Development, a branch of the Government of India, is entrusted with the task of accelerating the socio-economic development of rural India.  Its focus is on special rural grants for health and education, piped filtered drinking water programs, public and affordable housing programs, public work programs and grants for rural roads and infrastructure. It also provides special grants to rural local bodies.

The current minister is Shivraj Singh Chouhan who has been in office since 10 June 2024, while the ministers of state are Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani and Kamlesh Paswan.
Donna Yates (professor)
Donna Yates is an archaeologist and Associate Professor in the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology at Maastricht University. Her research considers transnational illicit trade in cultural objects, art and heritage crime including Looted art and the Antiquities trade, and white collar crime.

Antiquities trade
The antiquities trade is the exchange of antiquities and archaeological artifacts from around the world. This trade may be illicit or completely legal. The legal antiquities trade abides by national regulations, allowing for extraction of artifacts for scientific study whilst maintaining archaeological and anthropological context. The illicit antiquities trade involves non-scientific extraction that ignores the archaeological and anthropological context from the artifacts.