hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Disputation of Barcelona
The Disputation of Barcelona (July 20–24, 1263) was a formal ordered medieval disputation between representatives of Christianity and Judaism regarding whether Jesus was the Jewish Messiah. It was held at the royal palace of King James I of Aragon in the presence of the King, his court, and many prominent ecclesiastical dignitaries and knights between Dominican Friar Pablo Christiani, a convert from Judaism to Christianity, and Nachmanides, a leading medieval Jewish scholar, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator.

During the Middle Ages, there were numerous ordered disputations between Christians and Jews. They were connected with burnings of the Talmud, burnings of Jews at the stake, and anti-Jewish pogroms. In Barcelona, Jews and Christians were given absolute freedom to deliver their arguments however they wanted—a freedom not then otherwise available to Jews anywhere else.

Nachmanides
Moses ben Nachman (Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה בֶּן־נָחְמָן Mōše ben-Nāḥmān, "Moses son of Nachman"; 1194–1270), commonly known as Nachmanides (/nækˈmænɪdiːz/; Greek: Ναχμανίδης Nakhmanídēs), and also referred to by the acronym Ramban (/ˌrɑːmˈbɑːn/; רמב״ן‎) and by the contemporary nickname Bonastruc ça Porta (Catalan: [ˌbɔnəsˈtɾuk sə ˈpɔrtə]; literally "Mazel Tov near the Gate", see astruc), was a leading medieval Jewish scholar, Catalan rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator. He was raised, studied, and lived for most of his life in Girona, Catalonia. He is also considered to be an important figure in the re-establishment of the Jewish community in Jerusalem following its destruction by the Crusaders in 1099.
Advanced SEAL Delivery System
The Advanced SEAL Delivery System (ASDS) was a midget submarine operated by the United States Navy and United States Special Operations Command. It provided stealthy submerged transportation for United States Navy SEALs from the decks of nuclear submarines for use as an insertion platform for covert and clandestine special operations missions. The ASDS was canceled in 2009 due to cost overruns and reliability issues, after the prototype was destroyed in a fire in 2008. The Navy replaced the ASDS with the Dry Combat Submersible (DCS) from Lockheed Martin, which is roughly half the size and became operational in 2023.

United States Navy SEALs
The United States Navy Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) Teams, commonly known as Navy SEALs, are the United States Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the United States Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEAL's main functions are conducting small-unit special operation missions in maritime, jungle, urban, arctic, mountainous, and desert environments. SEALs are typically ordered to capture or kill high-level targets, or to gather intelligence behind enemy lines.

SEAL team personnel are hand-selected, highly trained, and highly proficient in unconventional warfare (UW), direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydrographic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces. All active SEALs are members of the U.S. Navy.
Guelatao metro station
Guelatao metro station is a Mexico City Metro station in the city's borough of Iztapalapa. It is an at-grade stop that serves Line A (Purple Line) between Tepalcates and Peñón Viejo, servicing the colonias (neighborhoods) of Ejército de Oriente and Voceadores. The station provides access to the Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Zaragoza of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

Guelatao metro station is named after the town of San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca, where Benito Juárez, the 26th president of Mexico, was born. Its pictogram depicts the sculpture on top of the Museo Cabeza de Juárez, found near the station. The stop opened on 12 August 1991 providing service northwest toward Pantitlán and southeast toward La Paz. In 2025, the station had an average daily entrance of 17,178 passengers.

Tepalcates metro station
Tepalcates is a station on the Line A of the Mexico City Metro.  It is located in the Iztapalapa municipality, to the east of downtown Mexico City. In 2019, the station had an average ridership of 19,326 passengers per day.
Trailer II
Trailer II (sometimes referred to as The Trailer Tapes II) is the seventh overall album and second demo album by American country music artist Chris Knight. The album was released on September 15, 2009, via Thirty Tigers. It was co-produced by Joe Hayden and Frank Liddell.

It was released as a follow-up to his 2007 demo album The Trailer Tapes and consists of additional demo recordings Knight made in his trailer in Kentucky in 1996, before the release of his self-titled debut album in 1998. The collection features early, stripped-down renditions of songs that would later appear on his studio records, along with several previously unreleased tracks.

The Trailer Tapes
The Trailer Tapes is the fifth overall album and first demo album by American country music artist Chris Knight. The album was released on April 3, 2007, via Thirty Tigers. It was co-produced by Ray Kennedy and Frank Liddell.

The album is a collection of acoustic demo recordings originally made in 1996 at Knight's trailer in Slaughters, Kentucky, two years before his major-label debut on Decca Records. The album presents stripped-down performances that highlight Knight's songwriting and storytelling ability, with many critics praising its raw honesty and intimate portrayal of rural life.
Languages of Norway
Many languages are spoken, written and signed in Norway.

In Norway, the indigenous languages, Norwegian and Sámi, have official status. Out of them, Norwegian is the most widely spoken language in Norway. English, a foreign language, is the second most widely spoken language in Norway. As of 2013, there are 4.5 million fluent English-speakers (approximately 88% of the Norwegian population).

Sámi languages
The Sámi languages (US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee), also rendered in English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the indigenous Sámi people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including Sámi, Sami, Saami, Saame, Sámic, Samic and Saamic, as well as the exonyms Lappish and Lappic. The last two, along with the term Lapp, are now often considered pejorative.
BMW New Six
The BMW New Six (also known as the BMW E3) is a line of mid-size luxury sedans and grand tourer coupés produced by the German automaker BMW from 1968 to 1977. All models used the then-new M30 straight-6 engine. It marked BMW's return to the full-size luxury sedan market after a hiatus of 5 years and was introduced as a response to growing market segment dominated by Mercedes-Benz. It was important in establishing BMW's reputation as a maker of sporting luxury sedans.

The BMW New Six coupés (better known as the BMW E9) are built on a shortened version of the E3 platform. The E9 coupés share engines, transmissions, some  suspension and many other features with the E3 sedans.

A total of 221,991 sedans and coupés were built.

Coupe
A coupe or coupé (/kuːˈpeɪ/, also US: /kuːp/) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and typically with two doors.

The term coupé was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French past participle of couper, "cut".

Some coupé cars only have two seats, while some also feature rear seats. However, these rear seats are usually lower quality and much smaller than those in the front. Furthermore, "A fixed-top two-door sports car would be best and most appropriately be termed a 'sports coupe' or 'sports coupé'".
Belair (airline)
Belair, legally Belair Airlines AG, was a Swiss charter airline headquartered in Glattbrugg operating out of Zürich Airport and EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg. It was a subsidiary of Air Berlin and operated under the Air Berlin brand name until 31 March 2017. During the 2017 summer season, it flew on behalf of its sister company Niki and was shuttered by then-bankrupt Air Berlin on 28 October 2017.

Niki (airline)
Niki (also styled as NIKI or flyNiki, legally NIKI Luftfahrt GmbH) was an Austrian low-cost airline headquartered in Office Park I at Vienna Airport in Schwechat. It operated scheduled and charter services to European and North African leisure destinations from Vienna, Salzburg, Graz and Innsbruck and also started services from several German airports in March 2017. Niki had a variety of owners, including two stints of ownership under former car racer Niki Lauda. In January 2018, the airline was acquired by Lauda, an airline that also had ties to Niki Lauda.
Lower South Grape Creek School (Gillespie County, Texas)
Lower South Grape Creek School is located at 10273 E U.S. Highway 290 in Gillespie County, Texas. In 1960, the school was consolidated with Fredericksburg Independent School District. The building is now used as a community center. The school was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1994, Marker number 10073. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in Texas on May 6, 2005.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Gillespie County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Gillespie County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Gillespie County, Texas. There are four districts and 17 individually listed properties within the county. One district is a National Natural Landmark while another contains a National Historic Landmark that is also a State Antiquities Landmark, while the third holds a State Antiquities Landmark and multiple Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks some of which are individually listed properties. The individual properties include a National Historic Landmark that is also a State Antiquities Landmark, two additional State Antiquities Landmarks, and six Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.
Doums
Mamadou Coulibaly (born 3 March 1992), commonly known by his stage name "Doums", is a French rapper, born in Bamako, Mali. He was part of a duo called "2Fingz" from 2011 with the late rapper Népal, which was active until Népal's death in 2019, and is a member of the collective L'Entourage (lit. 'The entourage').

He is pillar member of the group and is especially close to Nekfeu, who he often appears with. After numerous appearances and a project with L'Entourage, he released three successive EPs: Pilote (2017), Pilote & Co (2019) and Pilot3 (2021).

Nekfeu
Ken Samaras (Greek: Κεν Σαμαράς, Ken Samarás; born 3 April 1990), better known by his stage name Nekfeu (French pronunciation: [nɛk.fø]), is a French rapper, actor and record producer.

He is also a member of the crew L'entourage and the bands $-Crew and 1995. He started his career as a member of $-Crew, with childhood friends Framal, Mekra, 2zer Washington and DJ Elite. He joined 1995 in 2007, participating in open mic duels around Paris.

Released in 2015, his first solo album, Feu, received extensive media coverage; for this album, he won the 2016 Victoire de l'album de musiques urbaines. His second album, Cyborg, was released in 2016, and his third, Les Étoiles vagabondes, in 2019.

Over the course of his career, he has sold over 2 million albums, and holds two diamond discs and a double diamond disc.
Cyber Danganronpa VR: The Class Trial
Cyber Danganronpa VR: The Class Trial is a free-to-play virtual reality tech demo in the Danganronpa series, developed and published by Spike Chunsoft for the PlayStation 4 for use with the PlayStation VR virtual reality headset. It was produced by Yoshinori Terasawa at Spike Chunsoft, who was inspired to create the game after playing Bandai Namco Entertainment's Summer Lesson.

The game was released in Japan on October 13, 2016, and worldwide in March 2017. The game is a tech demo where the player aims to uncover who was behind a murder in a "class trial" from the first game in the series, Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc. It was well received by critics, who enjoyed its visuals.

Summer Lesson
Summer Lesson (Japanese: サマーレッスン) is a 2016 video game developed by the Tekken Project of Bandai Namco Studios for PlayStation 4, utilizing the PlayStation VR headset. In the game, players need to play a tutor and interact with a high school girl for seven days, and the game aims for a more realistic interactive experience through the virtual reality technology.
Pansophic Learning
Pansophic Learning is a for-profit charter management organization with schools in the United States, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.  Pansophic is based in McLean, Virginia. Its Accel Schools subsidiary is the largest charter school operator in Ohio.

Charter management organization
A charter management organization (CMO) is an educational organization that operates charter schools in the United States.  Charter schools are public schools that operate independently of the local government school district.

A CMO contracts with a charter school to provide a specific service or set of services. They may not hold the charter except for in AZ.  By convention, a CMO manages at least three schools and serves at least 300 students. Additionally, they must be a separate business entity from the school.
Maslen nos
42°18′27″N 27°47′32″E﻿ / ﻿42.30750°N 27.79222°E﻿ / 42.30750; 27.79222

Maslen Nos (Bulgarian Маслен нос) is a cape in the Black Sea. Located in the southeastern part of Bulgaria, it is the furthest southern point of Burgas Bay.

The cape projects about 4 km into the Black Sea and is the furthest eastern point of the Saddle Mountain Beach. It ends as a north-south peninsula about 3 km wide. The cape features a steep, rocky coast. Viewed from the river Ropotamo, Maslen Nos recalls the outline of a lion's head.

A chapel called Sveti Nikola, is located on the cape. Two miles north from Maslen nos is Cape Karaultasch.

Map

Map2

Map3

Aerial

Ropotamo
The Ropotamo (Bulgarian: Ропотамо [ropoˈtamo], from the Ancient Greek word Ροπόταμος ropotamos meaning "border river") is a river in south-eastern Bulgaria. It takes its source from the Bosna Ridge in the Strandzha Mountains, running for 48.5 km to empty into the Black Sea near Cape Saint Demetrius between Dyuni and Primorsko.

The river is most often noted for its 30 m-wide mouth that is home to an abundance of flora species, over 100 of which endangered in the country. The lower section of the river is a protected area since 1940 and forms part of the Ropotamo Reserve. The lower Ropotamo is a popular tourist attraction because of the water lilies and the rock formations above the river, on some of which white-tailed eagles nest.

Ropotamo Glacier on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Ropotamo River.
Polonnaruwa period
The Polonnaruwa period was a period in the history of Sri Lanka from 1017, after the Chola conquest of Anuradhapura and when the center of administration was moved to Polonnaruwa, to the end of the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa in 1232.

The Kingdom of Polonnaruwa was the second major Sinhalese kingdom of Sri Lanka. It lasted from 1055 under Vijayabahu I until 1212 under the rule of Lilavati. The Kingdom of Polonnaruwa came after the Anuradhapura Kingdom, which was invaded by Chola forces under Rajaraja I. It also followed the Kingdom of Ruhuna, in which the Sinhalese Kings ruled during Chola occupation.

Principality of Ruhuna
The Principality of Ruhuna (Sinhala: රුහුණ, [ruɦuɳə]), also referred to as the Kingdom of Ruhuna, is a region of present-day Southern and Eastern Sri Lanka. It was the centre of a flourishing civilisation and the cultural and economic centres of ancient Sri Lanka. Magama, Tissamaharama and Mahanagakula (now called as Ambalantota) were established here.

The kingdom of Ruhuna was an important state in Sinhalese history as it was known for several rebellions against the superior states in Rajarata. The principality was defeated with its last de facto Queen Sugala been captured and executed by the invading army of Parakramabahu I. Following its annexing by Parakramabahu, the rebellions that arose were suppressed.
Maoilin Mac Bruideadha
Maoilin Mac Bruideadha, Irish poet, died 1582.

Maoilin succeeded his brother, Diarmuid Mac Bruideadha, as head of the family and ollamh to O Brian. He was succeeded by his son, Maoilin Óg.

The name is now anglicized as Mac Brody or Brody.

Diarmuid Mac Bruideadha
Diarmuid Mac Bruideadha (Brody), Irish poet, died 1563.

Diarmuid was a Mac Bruideadha brehon family member, based at Ballybrody, parish of Dysert, barony of Inchiquin, County Clare. Other branches were located at Knockanalban in Ibrickane and Lettermoylan in Inchiquin.

The Annals of the Four Masters  describe Diarmuid, sub anno 1563, as follows:

Mac Brody, Ollav of Hy-Bracain and Hy-Fearmaic, died, i.e. Dermot, son of Conor, son of Dermot, son of John; and his brother, Maoilin, took his place.
Lamoille-2 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Lamoille-2 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Lamoille-2 District includes all of the Lamoille County towns of Hyde Park and Wolcott.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Lamoille-2 District had a population of 4,303 in that same census, 6.01% above the state average.

Vermont House of Representatives districts
Vermont's state House of Representatives consists of 150 members elected from 108 single or two-member districts as provided for in the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. census.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4059 residents per representative.
2017 Big Ten men's soccer tournament
The 2017 Big Ten Conference men's soccer tournament was the 27th edition of the tournament. It determined the Big Ten Conference's automatic berth into the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. Maryland entered the tournament as the three-time defending champions, but were defeated in the quarterfinals by eventual champions Wisconsin.

This was the second Big Ten Tournament title for the Wisconsin Badgers. The Badgers defeated Indiana in penalty kicks in the championship game.

Big Ten men's soccer tournament
The Big Ten men's soccer tournament is the conference championship tournament in soccer for the Big Ten Conference.  The tournament has been held every year since 1991. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records. The winner, declared conference champion, receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I men's soccer championship.

Indiana is the most winning team with 16 championships to date.
Achterbos
Achterbos is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the municipality of De Ronde Venen, directly north of Vinkeveen.

It was first mentioned in 1575 as Den afterbos, and means forest which is located backwards (far away). Achterbos is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Vinkeveen. Until the 19th century, it was a hard to reach peninsula in the moorland. In 1880, the area around Achterbos was poldered. Achterbos nowadays consists of about 120 houses.

Vinkeveen
Vinkeveen is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of De Ronde Venen, and lies about 18 km south of Amsterdam.

Vinkeveen used to be a separate municipality. It merged with Waverveen in 1841, to form the municipality Vinkeveen en Waverveen. In 1989 there was a reorganisation of local governments, and Vinkeveen became a part of De Ronde Venen.

The Vinkeveense Plassen (Lakes of Vinkeveen), an area of lakes and sand islands east of the village, is an important recreational area, with facilities for swimming, diving and yachting. A permit is required for recreational diving in the lake. There is a marina on the north shore of the lakes.
SR Corporation
SR Corporation (Korean: 에스알, formerly Suseo High Speed Rail Corporation), also known as Supreme Railways, is a South Korean rail operator that operates high-speed rail services.

The company was established in December 2013 and adopted its current name in June 2014. In December 2016, SR Corporation officially launched its SRT (Super Rapid Train) services on an open-access basis. By January 2021, the company's services called at 17 stations, three of which it managed directly. The merger of SR Corporation and the national passenger operator Korail has been repeatedly mooted and fallen through; presently the company remains an independent competitor to the incumbent's KTX services. Recent initiatives have included the greater use of local component production and the in-housing of rolling stock maintenance.

Korail
The Korea Railroad Corporation (Korean: 한국철도공사; Hanja: 韓國鐵道公社) is the national railway operator in South Korea. It is branded as KORAIL (코레일) and changed its official Korean name (한국철도; 韓國鐵道) in November 2019. Currently, KORAIL is a government-owned corporation, managed by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation.

KORAIL operates intercity/regional, commuter/metro and freight trains throughout South Korea, and has its headquarters in Daejeon.
Virbalis
Virbalis (pronunciationⓘ, Polish: Wierzbołów, Yiddish: ווירבאַלן, romanized: Virbaln, German: Wirballen) is a city in the Vilkaviškis district municipality, Lithuania. It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) west of Vilkaviškis.

Vilkaviškis
Vilkaviškis (pronunciationⓘ) is a city in southwestern Lithuania, the administrative center of the Vilkaviškis District Municipality. It is located 23 km (14 mi) northwest from Marijampolė, at the confluence  of  Šeimena and Vilkauja rivers.

The city got its name from the Vilkauja River. Initially named Vilkaujiškis, the name was later changed to an easier-to-pronounce form, Vilkaviškis.

Until 1941, the city had a large Jewish community, which was killed by the German military and their local collaborators.

This is the city from which the 2016 cost-of-living Cauliflower Revolution originated.

It is the capital of Vilkaviškis District Municipality, Vilkaviškis city eldership, and Šeimena eldership.
Kri-kri
The kri-kri (Capra hircus cretica), sometimes called the Cretan goat, Agrimi, or Cretan Ibex, is a feral goat inhabiting the Eastern Mediterranean, previously considered a subspecies of wild goat. The kri-kri today is found only in Greece: specifically on Crete and on three small islands off its coast (Dia, Thodorou, and Agii Pantes); as well as on the island of Sapientza (Messenian Oinousses) off the southwestern coast of Peloponnese, where it was brought in great numbers in order to protect the species from extinction.

Feral goat
The feral goat is the domestic goat (Capra hircus) when it has become established in the wild.  Feral goats occur in many parts of the world.  Goats are famously adaptable, and are content to live in rough, hilly terrain that humans and other animals find difficult to traverse.