hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1 naya paisa (Indian coin)
The Indian One Naya paisa (Hindi: एक नया पैसा) was a unit of currency equaling 1⁄100 (one-hundredth) of the Indian rupee. The symbol for paisa is p. In 1955, India adopted metric system for coinage and amended the "Indian Coinage Act". Subsequently, one paisa coins were introduced on 1 April 1957. From 1957 to 1964, one paisa coin was called "Naya Paisa" (Hindi: नया पैसा) (English: New Paisa) and on 1 June 1964, the term "Naya" was dropped and the denomination was simply called "One paisa". Naya paisa coin has been demonetized and is no longer a Legal tender.

Indian paisa
The Indian paisa (plural: paise)() is a 1⁄100 (one-hundredth) subdivision of the Indian rupee. The paisa was first introduced on 1 April 1957 after decimalisation of the Indian rupee.

In 1955, the Government of India first amended the Indian Coinage Act and adopted the "metric system for coinage". From 1957 to 1964, the paisa was called naya paisa (transl. 'new paisa') to distinguish it from the old paisa/pice which was a 1⁄64  subdivision of the Indian Rupee. On 1 June 1964, the term "naya" was dropped and the denomination was named paisa. Paisa has been issued in 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 25, and 50 paise coins. Though as of 2023, coins of the denomination of 1 rupee are the lowest value in use.
Brown Meggs
Brown Moore Meggs (October 20, 1930 – October 8, 1997) was an American writer and music executive with Capitol Records. Meggs is known for signing the Beatles to their first distribution contract in the United States. He started the music magazine TeenSet for Capitol in 1964, and founded Seraphim Records, a bargain label for classical music. After serving Capitol as chief operating officer for two years, he resigned in 1976 to concentrate on his writing. Capitol enticed him back in 1984 as the president of Angel Records; he revived the label for the digital age.

As a writer, he won Best Documentary from the Cowboy Hall of Fame for the 1962 documentary film Appaloosa, and he was nominated for the Edgar Award for his mystery novel Saturday Games (1974).

Edgar Awards
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America which is based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the best in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater published or produced in the previous year.
Mike Brown (fighter)
Mike Thomas Brown (born September 8, 1975) is an American mixed martial arts trainer and former fighter who is the head MMA coach for American Top Team. As a mixed martial arts fighter, Brown was a former WEC Featherweight Champion and also competed in the Featherweight division of the UFC before retiring in 2014 to become a full-time MMA coach. He is the head coach for many current UFC and Bellator fighters, including Dustin Poirier, Alexandre Pantoja, Bo Nickal, Mateusz Gamrot, Renato Moicano, Danny Sabatello and Johnny Eblen.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
Jan de Klerk
Johannes "Jan" de Klerk, DMS (22 July 1903 – 24 January 1979) was a South African politician. He was the father of F. W. de Klerk, the last apartheid State President of South Africa.

As a member of the National Party, de Klerk served as interim State President for nine days following the retirement of Jacobus Johannes Fouché in 1975. Prior to this, he served as a Senator (1955–1975), Minister of Work and Public Works (1954–1958), Work and Mines (1958–1961), Home Affairs, Work and Immigration (1961), Home Affairs, Education and Arts and Sciences (1961–1966), Education, Arts and Sciences and Information (1966–1967) and National Education (1968–1969), and President of the Senate from 1969 to 1976.

Decoration for Meritorious Services
The Decoration for Meritorious Services was an honour conferred until 1987 by the Government of the Republic of South Africa, usually for political services to the country. The appointments were made by the State President of South Africa.
David McMeeking
David Thomas McLaggan McMeeking MM (30 January 1896 – 30 August 1976) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A hooker, McMeeking represented Otago at a provincial level, and played for the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in two matches against the touring New South Wales team in 1923.

During World War I, McMeeking served with the New Zealand Cyclist Corps. He was awarded the Military Medal for bravery in the field as a result of actions on the morning of 1 November 1918 near Saultain in northern France. He died in Dunedin in 1976, and was buried at Andersons Bay Cemetery.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
Feature detection (web development)
Feature detection (also feature testing) is a technique used in web development for handling differences between runtime environments (typically web browsers or user agents), by programmatically testing for clues that the environment may or may not offer certain functionality. This information is then used to make the application adapt in some way to suit the environment: to make use of certain APIs, or tailor for a better user experience.

Its proponents claim it is more reliable and future-proof than other techniques like user agent sniffing and browser-specific CSS hacks.

User agent
On the Web, a user agent is a software agent responsible for retrieving and facilitating end-user interaction with Web content. This includes all web browsers, such as Google Chrome and Safari, some email clients, standalone download managers like youtube-dl, and other command-line utilities like cURL.

The user agent is the client in a client–server system. The HTTP User-Agent header is intended to clearly identify the agent to the server. However, this header can be omitted or spoofed, so some websites use other detection methods.
Edmund Mody
Captain Edmund Mody (also spelled Moody, Moodye, and Mondye) MP (1495–28 May 1552) was an English soldier and Member of Parliament for Dover.

It is not known whether he is the same person as Edmund Moody, a royal footman who saved the life of Henry VIII who was the ancestor of the Moody baronets.

Dover and Deal
Dover and Deal is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Mike Tapp, representing the Labour Party.

It was known as Dover until 1974 and from 1983 until 2024. Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat reverted to its current name, to be first contested at the 2024 general election.

Dover was considered a Cinque Ports constituency from 1386 to 1832.
Tierra Blanca Joven eruption
The Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Lake Ilopango was the largest volcanic eruption in El Salvador during historic times, and one of the largest volcanic events on Earth in the past 7,000 years, registering at 6 on the Volcanic explosivity index (VEI), and dating back to the mid 5th century A.D. The eruption produced between 37–82 km3 (8.9–19.7 cu mi) of ejecta (dense-rock equivalent). The date of the eruption has been constrained within 429–433 CE by identifying its signature volcanic ash in precision-dated ice cores sampled from Greenland, thus eliminating it as the cause of extreme weather events of 535–536.

Volcanic explosivity index
The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the size of explosive volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self in 1982.

Volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations (using terms ranging from "gentle" to "mega-colossal") are used to determine the explosivity value. The scale is open-ended with the largest eruptions in history given a magnitude of 8. A value of 0 is given for non-explosive eruptions, defined as less than 10,000 m3 (350,000 cu ft) of tephra ejected; and 8 representing a supervolcanic eruption that can eject 1.0×1012 m3 (240 cubic miles) of tephra and have a cloud column height of over 20 km (66,000 ft). The scale is logarithmic, with each interval on the scale representing a tenfold increase in observed ejecta criteria, with the exception of between VEI-0, VEI-1 and VEI-2.
Yoshinobu Nishioka
Yoshinobu Nishioka (西岡 善信, Nishioka Yoshinobu; July 8, 1923 – October 11, 2019) was a Japanese jidaigeki production designer, art director, producer and set decorator from Asuka, Nara Prefecture who won three Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction.

Nishioka joined Daiei Kyoto film in 1948. His first work as an art director was in the 1952 film Tenpo Suikoden. After the bankruptcy of Daiei film he founded Eizo Kyoto production with former employees of Daiei film.

Japan Academy Film Prize
The Japan Academy Film Prize (日本アカデミー賞, Nippon Akademii-shou), often called the Japan Academy Prize, the Japan Academy Awards, and the Japanese Academy Awards, is a series of awards given annually since 1978 by the Japan Academy Film Prize Association (日本アカデミー賞協会, Nippon Akademii-shou Kyoukai) for excellence in Japanese film. Award categories are similar to the Academy Awards.
Springfield model 1880
The Springfield Model 1880 was a trapdoor breechblock service rifle  produced by the Springfield Armory for the United States military. Based on the design of the Springfield Model 1873, it was altered to receive a new design of bayonet.

Bayonet
A bayonet (from Old French bayonette, now spelt baïonnette) is a knife, dagger, sword, or spike-shaped melee weapon designed to be mounted on the end of the barrel of a rifle, carbine, musket or similar long firearm, allowing the gun to be utilized as a spear in close combat.

The term is derived from the town of Bayonne in southwestern France, where bayonets were supposedly first used by Basques in the 17th century. From the early 17th to the early 20th century, it was an infantry melee weapon used for both offensive and defensive tactics, usually when charging in mass formations (human wave attacks). In contemporary times, bayonets are considered a weapon of last resort and are rarely used in combat, although they are still used regularly for non-combat purposes such as military parades, crowd control and as utility knives.
Jopie Roosenburg-Goudriaan
Johanna Margaretha Alida Roosenburg-Goudriaan (27 May 1913 – 13 October 1996), better known as Jopie Roosenburg-Goudriaan, was a Dutch painter. Born in Rotterdam, South Holland, she attended the Academy of Art in that city and opened a studio by 1938. After it was destroyed during the German bombing of 1940, she moved to Oost Castle in Eijsden, where she married Teun Roosenburg and led an art colony. She worked primarily with oils and watercolours, favouring landscapes and still lifes. She won the Jeanne Oosting Prize in 1975.

Willem de Kooning Academy
The Willem de Kooning Academy (Dutch: Willem de Kooning Academie) is a Dutch academy of media, art, design, leisure and education based in Rotterdam. It was named after one of its most famous alumni, Dutch fine artist Willem de Kooning.
2024 NWSL expansion draft
The 2024 NWSL Expansion Draft was an expansion draft held by the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) on December 15, 2023, for two expansion teams, Bay FC and Utah Royals, to select players from existing teams in the league.

This was the league's last expansion draft. In September 2024, the league and its players' union entered into a new collective bargaining agreement (CBA) which effectively superseded the CBA that had been entered to in 2021 and was scheduled to end in 2026. The new CBA eliminated all forms of player drafts, including the expansion draft.

Utah Royals
The Utah Royals (formerly Utah Royals FC) are an American professional soccer team based in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). Established on November 16, 2017, as an expansion team, the Royals played their first stint in the NWSL from 2018 until ceasing operations in 2020, with their player-related assets transferred to the expansion Kansas City Current. In 2023, then Real Salt Lake owners Ryan Smith and David Blitzer reestablished the team.
Sadowara Castle
Sadowara Castle (佐土原城, Sadowara-jō) is a Japanese castle located in the  Sadowara neighborhood of the city of   Miyazaki, Miyazaki Prefecture, on the island of Kyushu, Japan.  It is also called Tsurumatsu Castle (鶴松城, Tsurumatsu-jō), and later Shōkaku Castle (松鶴城, Shōkaku-jō). During the Sengoku period, it was the stronghold of the Itō clan and later was controlled by the Shimazu clan. Shimazu Toyohisa was command of the castle.
During the Edo period, the castle was headquarters of Sadowara Domain, which ruled portions of Hyūga Province (modern-day Miyazaki) from 1603 to 1871. The castle site has been a National Historic Site since 2004.

Hyūga Province
Hyūga Province (日向国, Hyūga no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [çɯꜜː.ɡa (no kɯ.ɲi), çɯꜜː.ŋa-]) was a province of Japan in the area of southeastern Kyushu, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture Hyūga bordered on Ōsumi to the south, Higo to the west, and Bungo to the north. Its abbreviated form name was Kōshū (向州), although it was also called Nisshū (日州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Hyūga was one of the provinces of the Saikaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Hyūga was ranked as one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of importance, and one of the "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.
B. J. Mackey
B. J. Mackey (born December 18, 1978) is an American professional stock car racing driver who competed in the NASCAR Goody's Dash Series from 1994 to 2002.

Mackey has previously competed in series such as the CARS Late Model Stock Tour, the UARA STARS Late Model Series, the SouthEast Super Trucks Series, and the IPOWER Dash Series.

ISCARS Dash Touring Series
The  ISCARS Dash Touring Series (previously known as the NASCAR Baby Grand National, Goody's Dash Series and IPOWER Dash Series among others) was a stock car racing series created by NASCAR in 1973, initially running solely at North Wilkesboro Speedway, that involved V6 powered stock cars raced over relatively short distances. In 1975 the series branched out to other tracks besides North Wilkesboro Speedway. After the end of the 2003 season, NASCAR transferred the Goody's Dash series to IPOWER (International Participants Of Winning Edge Racing). In 2004, they ran the IPOWER Dash Series. In January 2005, officials announced the cancellation of the 2005 Dash season due to problems with sponsorship. The International Sport Compact Auto Racing Series (ISCARS) purchased the series allowing the series to continue through 2005 and was operating until 2011.
XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps
The XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Army Corps / XIX AK (German: XIX. (II. Königlich Sächsisches) Armee-Korps) was a Saxon corps level command of the German Army, before and during World War I.

As the German Army expanded in the latter part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century, the XIX Army Corps was set up on 1 April 1899 in Leipzig as the Generalkommando (headquarters) for the western part of the Kingdom of Saxony (districts of Leipzig, Chemnitz and Zwickau).  It took over command of 24th (2nd Royal Saxon) Division from XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps and the newly formed 40th (4th Royal Saxon) Division.

It was assigned to the II Army Inspectorate which formed the predominantly Saxon 3rd Army at the start of the First World War.  It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 19th Army, Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg on the Western Front.

19th Army (German Empire)
The 19th Army (German: 19. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 19 / A.O.K. 19) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I.  It was formed in France on 4 February 1918 from the former South Army command.  It served exclusively on the Western Front and was dissolved on 24 January 1919.
Care for Casualties
Care for Casualties (C4C) is a British charity launched in early 2009 to raise funds in order to assist British servicemen and women from The Rifles who have been wounded or injured during service in Iraq or Afghanistan, as well as helping their families.

The Rifles
The Rifles is an infantry regiment of the British Army. Formed in 2007, it consists of four Regular battalions and three Reserve battalions. Each Regular battalion was formerly an individual battalion of one of the two large regiments of the Light Division (with the exception of the 1st Battalion, which is an amalgamation of two individual regiments). The regiment was involved in the later stages of the Iraq War and in the War in Afghanistan.
Bajrang Punia
Bajrang Punia (born 26 February 1994) is an Indian politician and former freestyle wrestler. He has won a bronze medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Punia is the only Indian wrestler to win four medals at the World Wrestling Championships. He is a multiple gold medalist at the Asian Games, Asian Championships, Commonwealth Games and Commonwealth Championships. For his achievements in wrestling, Punia has been honored with the Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award, and Padma Shri. In 2024, he joined the Indian National Congress and currently serves as the Working President of the All India Kisan Congress.

Asian Wrestling Championships
Asian Wrestling Championships is the Wrestling Asian Championship organized by the Asian Associated Wrestling Committee (AAWC).

The men's tournament began in 1979 and The women's tournament was first staged in 1996, and it has been held every year.
Planetary romance
Planetary romance (other synonyms are sword and planet, and planetary adventure) is a subgenre of science fiction or science fantasy in which the bulk of the action consists of adventures on one exotic alien — often technologically primitive — world, characterized by distinctive physical and cultural backgrounds. Some planetary romances take place against the background of a future culture where travel between worlds by spaceship is commonplace; others, particularly the earliest examples of the genre, do not, invoking flying carpets, astral projection, or other methods of getting between planets. In either case, it is the planetside adventures that are the focus of the story, not the mode of travel.

Extraterrestrials in fiction
An extraterrestrial or alien is a lifeform that did not originate on Earth. (The word extraterrestrial means 'outside Earth'.) Extraterrestrials are a common theme in modern science-fiction, and also appeared in much earlier works such as the second-century parody True History by  Lucian of Samosata.
Breccia
Breccia (/ˈbrɛ(t)ʃiə/ BRETCH-ee-ə, BRESH-; Italian: [ˈbrettʃa]; Italian for 'breach') is a clastic rock composed of large angular broken fragments of minerals or rocks cemented together by a fine-grained matrix.

The word has its origins in the Italian language, in which it means 'rubble'. A breccia may have a variety of different origins, as indicated by the named types including sedimentary breccia, fault or tectonic breccia, igneous breccia, impact breccia, and hydrothermal breccia.

A megabreccia is a breccia composed of very large rock fragments, sometimes kilometers across, which can be formed by landslides, impact events, or caldera collapse.

Hydrothermal circulation
Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water (Ancient Greek ὕδωρ, water, and θέρμη, heat ). Hydrothermal circulation occurs most often in the vicinity of sources of heat within the Earth's crust. In general, this occurs near volcanic activity, but can occur in the shallow to mid crust along deeply penetrating fault irregularities or in the deep crust related to the intrusion of granite, or as the result of orogeny or metamorphism. Hydrothermal circulation often results in hydrothermal mineral deposits.
Haisham Hassan
Haisham Hassan (Dhivehi: ހައިޝަމް ހަސަން; born 21 July 1999) is a Maldivian professional footballer for Maziya S&RC and the Maldives national team. He plays mainly as a left back, but can also operate as a left winger.

He started his football career playing for his island team Eydhafushi in the 2017 Minivan Championship and was called up for the national under-19 team later that year, for the 2018 AFC U-19 Championship qualification. Following the qualification, he joined Club Eagles youth team in the same year, before making his first team debut for the team at the age of 18 in 2018.

Haisham Hassan made his first full appearance for Maldives in 2019.

Maziya S&RC
Maziya Sports and Recreation Club is a Maldivian professional football club based in Malé. They compete in the Dhivehi Premier League, the country's top division. The club was formed in 1996 and was promoted to the first division for the first time in 2006.
Mao Shimada
Mao Shimada (島田 麻央, Shimada Mao; born October 30, 2008) is a Japanese figure skater. She is the 2024 Youth Olympic champion, a three-time World Junior champion  (2023, 2024, 2025), a four-time ISU Junior Grand Prix Final champion (2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025-26), a eight-time ISU Junior Grand Prix gold medalist, a three-time Japanese national medalist (silver in 2025, bronze in 2023 and 2024), and a five-time Japanese junior national champion (2021–2025). She is the twenty-first woman in history to have successfully landed a triple Axel jump, fourteenth woman to successfully land a quadruple jump and second Japanese woman to land a quadruple toeloop in competition.

Not yet age eligible for senior events, Shimada won the 14 international events she entered, making her the most dominant skater in the junior field in the history of the sport.

Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships
The Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships (Japanese: 全日本フィギュアスケートジュニア選手権) is a figure skating competition held annually to crown the national champions on the Junior level for Japan. The first Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships was held in 1931. It is the junior level equivalent of the Japan Figure Skating Championships. Skaters who place high enough at this competition can earn invitations to compete at the senior championships.
Exbucklandia
Exbucklandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Hamamelidaceae. They are medium to large trees whose natural range is from eastern India through southern China and southward through the Malay Peninsula. In India and China, they are widely cultivated for their impressive foliage and valuable lumber. A few have been grown in the southernmost parts of the United States. To speakers of English, Exbucklandia is generally known as the Pipli tree, from the Bengali name for the species Exbucklandia populnea.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.