hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iron Act
The Iron Act, also called the Importation, etc. Act 1749 (23 Geo. 2. c. 29), was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain, which was one of the legislative measures introduced within the system of Trade and Navigation Acts. The act sought to increase the importation of pig and bar iron from its American colonies and to prevent the building of iron-related production facilities within these colonies, particularly in North America where these raw materials were identified. The dual purpose of the act was to increase manufacturing capacity within Great Britain itself, and to limit potential competition from the colonies possessing the raw materials.

Pig iron
Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate good used by the iron industry in the production of steel. It is developed by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other dross, which makes it brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.
ACA Hurricane
The ACA Hurricane is an electro-mechanical and rotating-directional, 130dB civil defense siren, manufactured by Alerting Communicators of America (ACA). ACA began manufacturing the Hurricane 130 in 1968, and ended production in 1981. The Hurricane 130 is similar to the Thunderbolt siren by Federal Signal Corporation and was also popular with towns looking for a high output 130dB siren.

Thunderbolt (siren)
The Thunderbolt is a mechanical outdoor warning siren that was manufactured by Federal Signal Corporation from 1952 until its production ended in 1990. It is a unidirectional, rotating siren with a large square-shaped horn, and can come in various colors, usually yellow, by request.
Aphanopetalum
Aphanopetalum is a genus of twining shrubs or vines in the family Aphanopetalaceae which is endemic to Australia.

The genus is placed alone in family Aphanopetalaceae, now placed in the order Saxifragales. Until recently this family was placed in Oxalidales, and before that the genus was included in family  Cunoniaceae, also within Oxalidales. The type species is Aphanopetalum resinosum.
There are two species:

Aphanopetalum clematideum (Harv.) Domin, endemic to limestone cliffs of south western Australia

Aphanopetalum resinosum Endl. - gum vine, from northeastern Victoria, through New South Wales to northern Queensland

The Aphanopetalaceae are scrambling shrubs with lenticellate stems, having opposite and serrate leaves with minute "stipules". The flowers and inflorescences are  axillary. The flowers are essentially without petals, and have four large, white sepals that enlarge when in fruit (which is single-seeded).

Aphanopetalum resinosum
Aphanopetalum resinosum, known as the gum vine, is a rambling vine growing in rainforest or eucalyptus woodland in eastern Australia. In Victoria it is listed as "vulnerable", being known only from a single collection near Mallacoota.
Silver halide
A silver halide (or silver salt) is one of the chemical compounds that can form between the element silver (Ag) and one of the halogens. In particular, bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), iodine (I) and fluorine (F) may each combine with silver to produce silver bromide (AgBr), silver chloride (AgCl), silver iodide (AgI), and four forms of silver fluoride, respectively.

As a group, they are often referred to as the silver halides, and are often given the pseudo-chemical notation AgX. Although most silver halides involve silver atoms with oxidation states of +1 (Ag+), silver halides in which the silver atoms have oxidation states of +2 (Ag2+) are known, of which silver(II) fluoride is the only known stable one.

Silver halides are light-sensitive chemicals, and are commonly used in photographic film and paper.

Silver iodide
Silver iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula AgI.  The compound is a bright yellow salt, but samples almost always contain impurities of metallic silver that give a grey colouration.  The silver contamination arises because some samples of AgI can be highly photosensitive.  This property is exploited in silver-based photography.  Silver iodide is also used as an antiseptic and in cloud seeding.
2430 Bruce Helin
2430 Bruce Helin (prov. designation: 1977 VC) is a stony Phocaea asteroid and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by American astronomers Eleanor Helin and Eugene Shoemaker at the U.S. Palomar Observatory in California, on 8 November 1977. It was later named after Bruce Helin, son of the first discoverer. The S-type asteroid (Sl) has an exceptionally long rotation period of 128 hours and measures approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) in diameter.

Phocaea family
The Phocaea family (/foʊˈsiːə/ foh-SEE-ə; adj. Phocaean; FIN: 701) is a collisional family of asteroids located between 2.25 and 2.5 AU in the inner region of the asteroid belt. Phocaea asteroids are of stony S-type composition and have orbits with eccentricities greater than 0.1 and inclinations between 18 and 32°. The family has an estimated age of 2.2 billion years and derives its name from its most massive member, 25 Phocaea which is about 75 km in diameter. Several Phocaean asteroids are also Mars-crossers.: 23
Brook Silva-Braga
Brook Silva-Braga (born March 27, 1979) is an American documentary film producer. He shared a Primetime Emmy Award for his production of Inside the NFL. He is best known from his documentary, A Map for Saturday, in which he produced, directed, and starred. This award-winning film is about his adventures as a backpacker for 11 months in 2005, in which he stayed in various hostels, and was released in 2007. His second film, One Day in Africa, was released in 2009. In 2011 his third film was released, The China Question. He is currently an on-air reporter for The Washington Post and freelances for CBS Newspath.

Hostel
A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory sleeping 4–20 people, with shared use of a lounge and usually a kitchen. Rooms can be private or shared - mixed or single-sex - and have private or shared bathrooms. Food and beverage, laundry services, luggage storage, and lockers may also be available.

Hostels are popular forms of lodging for backpackers and with youth travel; however, most do not impose age limits. The global size of the hostel market was estimated at US$7.21 billion in 2023 and was projected to grow at a 6.5% compound annual growth rate until 2030. In 2019, there were an estimated 5,829 hostels in Europe and 4,738 hostels in Asia. The typical guest is between 16 and 34 years old, although it can vary depending on the country. Many hostels are locally owned and operated.
Angus Campbell (general)
General Angus John Campbell, AO, DSC is a retired senior officer in the Australian Army, who served as the Chief of the Defence Force from 6 July 2018 until 10 July 2024. He was previously posted as Commander Operation Sovereign Borders from September 2013 until he was appointed Chief of Army in May 2015.

Distinguished Service Cross (Australia)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a military decoration awarded to personnel of the Australian Defence Force. It is awarded for distinguished command and leadership in warlike operations. They are awarded by the governor-general of Australia on the advice of the minister for Defence. The DSC was introduced in 1991 and is the highest distinguished service decoration in the Australian Honours System. Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "DSC". Since its inception 273 awards have been made—which includes eight bars and one second bar.
USA-171
USA-171 (also known Orion-5, Homer and NROL-19) is an American SIGINT reconnaissance satellite which is operated by the National Reconnaissance Office. Launched in September 2003, it is the secret Orion satellite.

Orion (satellite)
Orion, also known as Mentor or Advanced Orion, is a class of United States spy satellites that collect signals intelligence (SIGINT) from space. Operated by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and developed with input from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), eight have been launched from Cape Canaveral on Titan IV and Delta IV launch vehicles since 1995.
Kristie Canegallo
Kristie Canegallo (born 1979) is a former U.S. government official serving as the acting United States deputy secretary of homeland security (DHS) from July 2023 to January 2025. She joined DHS in January 2022 as its chief of staff. Canegallo was a White House deputy chief of staff for policy implementation from 2014 to 2017.

United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
The deputy secretary of homeland security is the chief operating officer of the United States Department of Homeland Security, with responsibility for managing day-to-day operations. The department has over 208,000 employees and an annual budget of more than $48.5 billion.

If the secretary of homeland security dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to perform the functions and duties of the office, the deputy secretary is to serve as an acting secretary.

The deputy secretary is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. The position of deputy secretary was created along with the creation of the Department of Homeland Security in 2002. The deputy secretary is paid $168,000 annually.
George Fouracres
George Fouracres (born 1990) is a British actor and comedian. He is a member of the comedy trio Daphne with Phil Wang and Jason Forbes. His field of acting includes television, theatre, and voice acting. In 2026, he was announced as a cast member on the first series of Saturday Night Live UK.

Phil Wang
Philip Nathaniel Wang Sin Goi (simplified Chinese: 王兴贵; traditional Chinese: 王興貴; pinyin: Wáng Xīngguì; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Vòng Hîn-kùi; born 22 January 1990) is a Malaysian-British stand-up comedian and comedy writer who is a member of the sketch comedy group Daphne, and co-creator of their BBC Radio 4 series, Daphne Sounds Expensive. Until 2025, he hosted the comedy podcast BudPod with fellow comedian and Footlights alumnus Pierre Novellie.
Massachusetts Route 62
Route 62 is an 82.1817-mile-long (132.2586 km) east–west state route in Massachusetts. The route crosses four of the Bay State's 13 interstates (I-190, I-495, I-93, and I-95), as well as U.S. Route 1 (US 1), US 3, Route 2 and Route 128 as it heads from the northern hills of Worcester County through the northern portions of Greater Boston, ending in the North Shore city of Beverly at Route 127.

Massachusetts Route 2
Route 2 is a 142.29-mile-long (228.99 km) major east–west state highway in Massachusetts, United States. Along with Route 9 and U.S. Route 20 to the south, these highways are the main alternatives to the Massachusetts Turnpike/I-90 toll highway. Route 2 runs the entire length of the northern tier of Massachusetts, beginning at the New York border, where it connects with New York State Route 2, and ending near Boston Common in Boston. Older alignments of Route 2 are known as Route 2A.
Citadel Mall
Citadel Mall is a regional 1,138,527 square feet (105,773 m2) shopping mall located in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. It opened on July 29, 1981 and is located at the intersection of Sam Rittenberg Boulevard (SC Hwy. 7) and I-526.  The mall features more than 100 stores. On September 1, 2013 the mall went into foreclosure after then owner CBL & Associates Properties defaulted on mortgage payments, and it was purchased at auction by the lender in January 2014.  After the auction, the mall was placed under the ownership of a holding company formed by the lender, 2070 Sam Rittenberg Boulevard Holdings LLC and as of January 2017 was under contract to be sold to an undisclosed buyer. The anchor stores are Target, Belk, Dillard's, Dick's Sporting Goods, Medical University of South Carolina and junior anchor PetSmart.

Medical University of South Carolina
The Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) is a public medical school in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. It opened in 1824 as a small private college aimed at training physicians and has since established hospitals and medical facilities across the state. It is one of the oldest continually operating schools of medicine in the United States and the oldest in the Deep South.

The school has expanded into a state university with a medical center and six colleges for the education of health professionals, biomedical scientists, and other health care personnel.  It also operates as a center for research and has a public hospital.
Implicit differentiation
In calculus, implicit differentiation is a method of finding the derivative of an implicit function using the chain rule.
To differentiate an implicit function y(x), defined by an equation R(x, y) = 0, it is not generally possible to solve it explicitly for y and then differentiate it. Instead, one can totally differentiate R(x, y) = 0 with respect to x and y and then solve the resulting linear equation for ⁠dy/dx⁠, to get the derivative explicitly in terms of x and y. Even when it is possible to explicitly solve the original equation, the formula resulting from total differentiation is, in general, much simpler and easier to use.

Total derivative
In mathematics, the total derivative of a function f at a point is used to express best linear approximation near this point of the function with respect to its arguments.  Unlike partial derivatives, the total derivative approximates the function with respect to all of its arguments, not just a single one.  In many situations, this is the same as considering all partial derivatives simultaneously.  The term "total derivative" is primarily used when f is a function of several variables, because when f is a function of a single variable, the total derivative is the same as the ordinary derivative of the function.: 198–203
Chris Tarka
Christopher Tarka (born 1958) is a Nigerian politician currently serving as the Chief of Staff to the Secretary to the Government of the Federation, George Akume. He is the son of the 20th-century Nigerian politician Joseph Tarka.

George Akume
George Akume CON ((Listenⓘ); born 27 December 1953) is a Nigerian politician who is the 21st and current Secretary to the Government of the Federation. He served as Minister of Special Duties and Inter-Governmental Affairs from 2019 to 2023, during the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari. He was the Senator representing Benue North-West Senatorial District between 2007 and 2019. He was also the Minority Leader of the Senate from June 2011 to June 2015. He served as the Governor of Benue State from  May 1999 to May 2007.

Akume was re-elected Senator for Benue North-West in the April 2011 elections, running on the platform of the Action Congress of Nigeria. He won another term in 2015 but lost to Senator Emmanuel Yisa Orker-Jev of the PDP in 2019. On 23 July 2019, President Buhari nominated Akume to serve as the Minister of Special Duties and Intergovernmental Affairs.
Marlborough, Wiltshire
Marlborough (/ˈmɔːlbərə/ ⓘ MAWL-bər-ə, is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Wiltshire on the Old Bath Road, the old main road from London to Bath. The town is on the River Kennet, 24 miles (39 km) north of Salisbury and 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Swindon. In 2021 it had a population of 9129.

Salisbury
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bər-ee, locally /ˈsɔːzbəri/ SAWZ-bər-ee) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) from Southampton and 30 miles (50 kilometres) from Bath.

Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at Old Sarum. A new cathedral was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum. This continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Line and the Wessex Main Line.

Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is 8 miles (13 kilometres) northwest of Salisbury.
Daegu Civic Stadium
The Daegu Civic Stadium (Korean: 대구시민운동장) was a stadium in Daegu sports complex in Daegu, South Korea. The former main stadium was used mostly for football matches of Daegu FC. During the 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Summer Olympics, it hosted some football matches. The stadium had a capacity of 30,000 (19,467 seats) and opened on 20 April 1948. The stadium was expanded and reconstructed in 1975, and was renovated and repaired on 8 September 2003. The main stadium of the complex was demolished in 2017, and the new DGB Daegu Bank Park was built at the same place.

The complex is called "Daegu Complex Sports Town". It now has DGB Daegu Bank Park, indoor gym, small soccer field, and Daegu Baseball Stadium, which was a former home of Samsung Lions.

Daegu iM Bank Park
Daegu iM Bank Park (Korean: 대구iM뱅크파크), known as the Daegu Forest Arena (Korean: 대구포레스트아레나) in the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) international matches, is a football-specific stadium located in Daegu, South Korea, and is the home stadium of the K League 2 club Daegu FC. The stadium opened in March 2019 and has a seating capacity for 12,419 spectators.
Vacas Municipality
Vacas Municipality (Quechua name: Wak'as, deriving from Wak'a) is the second municipal section of the Arani Province in the Cochabamba Department in central Bolivia. Its capital is Vacas known as the "Land of the potato" (Quechua: Papaq llaqtan, Spanish: La patria de la papa). During the Inca Empire Vacas served as a tampu along the Inca road system that led to Inkallaqta and Pocona.

It is bordered to the north by the Tiraque Province, to the west by the Arani Municipality, to the south by the Mizque Province and to the southeast by the Carrasco Province, and it is sized 334 km2.

Pocona Municipality
Pocona Municipality is the third municipal section of the Carrasco Province in the Cochabamba Department in Bolivia. Its seat is Pocona. At the time of census 2001 the municipality had 13,488 inhabitants.
Prithvi Jayanti
Prithvi Jayanti (Nepali: पृथ्वी जयन्ती, lit. 'Birthday of Prithvi Narayan Shah'; also known as the Nepal Ekikaran Diwas (Nepali: नेपाल एकीकरण दिवस, lit. 'Unity Day'), is a holiday annually celebrated on 11 January to commemorate the birth of King Prithvi Narayan Shah, who was the first king of unified Nepal. In the mid-18th century, he set out to unify the small kingdoms which would become present-day Nepal. During the observance, many people add a garland to statues of Shah, participate in the parades, and remember his contribution to Nepal. Prithvi Jayanti was celebrated as a public holiday from 1951 until its abolishment in 2006. However, some local governments in Gorkha District and Nuwakot District have declared Prithvi Jayanti to be a public holiday. In 2023, the government declared it a national holiday.

Unification of Nepal
The unification of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको एकीकरण, romanized: Nēpālakō ēkīkaraṇa) was the process of building the modern Nepalese state, by invading fractured Malla kingdoms including the Baise Rajya's 22 kingdoms and the Chaubisi Rajya's 24 kingdoms. It began in 1743 CE (1799 BS), by Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha. On 25 September 1768, he officially announced the creation of the Kingdom of Nepal and moved his capital from Gorkha to a city in Kathmandu Valley.

The Shah dynasty that Prithvi Narayan Shah founded would go on to absorb the various warring Malla kingdoms that once occupied parts of present-day Nepal into a nation-state that stretched up to the Sutlej River in the west and Sikkim-Jalpaiguri in the east. Before the Gorkha Empire, the Kathmandu Valley was known as Nepal after the Nepal Mandala, the region's name in Newar language.
Kushmanda
Kushmanda (Sanskrit: कुष्माण्डा, romanized: Kuṣmāṇḍā, lit. 'little hot egg') is a form of the Hindu goddess Mahadevi, venerated as the creator of the universe, best-known for her act of liberating the energy of the Sun to the rest of creation. She is the fourth of the Navadurga, and is worshipped on the fourth day of Navaratri.

Navadurga
Navadurga (Sanskrit: नवदुर्गा, IAST: Navadurgā), also spelled Navdurga and Navadurgas, are nine manifestations and forms of Durga in Hinduism, especially worshipped during Navaratri and Durga Puja. They are often considered collectively as a single deity, mainly among the followers of Shaktism and Shaivism sect of Hinduism.

According to Hindu mythology, the nine forms are considered the nine stages of Durga during the nine-day long duration of the war with demon-king Mahishasura, where the tenth day is celebrated as the Vijayadashami (lit. 'victory day') among the Hindus and is considered as one of the most important festivals.
Mike Tyson Mysteries
Mike Tyson Mysteries is an American adult animated television series, and is the first collaboration between Warner Bros. Animation and Williams Street. It premiered on October 27, 2014 on Cartoon Network's nighttime programming block Adult Swim. The series features Mike Tyson (who co-created the series along with Hugh Davidson and Lee Stimmel) solving mysteries, in the style of I Am the Greatest: The Adventures of Muhammad Ali, Scooby-Doo, Jonny Quest, and Mister T. On December 10, 2014, Adult Swim renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on November 1, 2015. A third season premiered on May 14, 2017, and the fourth and final season premiered on June 30, 2019.

During a May 2020 interview, writer Larry Dorf revealed the show had not been renewed and the fourth season would be its last. Adult Swim has aired reruns as of 2024.

Mister T (TV series)
Mister T is an American animated series that aired on NBC on Saturday morning from 1983 to 1985, featuring the popular actor Mr. T. A total of 30 episodes were produced during all three seasons, with the thirteen episodes for Season 1, eleven for Season 2, and six episodes for the third and final season. The series was produced by Ruby-Spears Enterprises.

Reruns were later seen on the USA Cartoon Express in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and more recently as part of Cartoon Network's Adult Swim late-night programming block and sibling network, Boomerang that airs classic cartoons from the Hanna-Barbera, pre-1991 Ruby-Spears, Turner and classic Warner animated libraries. This is also Phil LaMarr's first role.
2022 Piala Belia
The 2022 Piala Belia (transl. Youth Cup) was the 11th season of the Piala Belia since its establishment in 2008. The league is currently the youth level (U19) football league in Malaysia. Terengganu IV are the defending champions. 18 teams competed in this season. All teams were drawn into three different groups. The top two teams from each groups and the two best third-place teams after the completion of group stage matches progressed to knockout stage.

Piala Belia
The Piala Belia (English: Youth Cup) is a youth football competition for under-18 players in Malaysia. The competition consists of youth squads from clubs competing in the Malaysian football league system and sports schools under the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM). It exists alongside the developmental competition for under-21 players, the Piala Presiden.