hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operation Rhino
Operation Rhino was a Joint Special Operations Command raid by several special operations units, including the United States Army's 160th Special Operation Aviation Regiment and the 75th Ranger Regiment (Regimental Reconnaissance Company and 3rd Ranger Battalion), on several Taliban targets in and around Kandahar, Afghanistan during the invasion of Afghanistan. The mission was an airfield seizure in support of a Delta Force raid on the nearby home of Mullah Omar; though intelligence suggested that perhaps neither location was occupied. Ultimately though both locations turned out to be largely empty, the operations were successfully completed, and provided substantial propaganda footage for the U.S. throughout the early war; though at the cost of two Rangers supporting the operation killed in a helicopter crash nearby in Pakistan.

Joint Special Operations Command
The Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) is a joint component command of the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and is charged with studying special operations requirements and techniques to ensure interoperability and equipment standardization, to plan and conduct special operations exercises and training, to develop joint special operations tactics, and to execute special operations missions worldwide.  It was established in 1980 on recommendation of Colonel Charlie Beckwith, in the aftermath of the failure of Operation Eagle Claw. It is headquartered at Pope Field (Fort Bragg, North Carolina).
Magnus Sinus
The Magnus Sinus or Sinus Magnus (Latin; Ancient Greek: ὀ Μέγας Κόλπος, o Mégas Kólpos), also anglicized as the Great Gulf, was the form of the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea known to Greek, Roman, Arab, Persian, and Renaissance cartographers before the Age of Discovery. It was then briefly conflated with the Pacific Ocean before disappearing from maps.

Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world
Medieval Islamic geography and cartography were the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century). Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). Islamic geography had three major fields: exploration and navigation, physical geography, and cartography and mathematical geography. Islamic geography reached its apex with Muhammad al-Idrisi in the 12th century.
Dan Harel
Dan Harel (Hebrew: דן הראל; born 1955) is a retired general in the Israel Defense Forces and a former Deputy Chief of the General Staff. Harel served as the Director General of the Ministry of Defense from 2013 to 2016.

Ministry of Defense (Israel)
The Ministry of Defense (Hebrew: משרד הביטחון, romanized: Misrad HaBitahon, lit. 'Ministry of Security', acronym: Hebrew: משהב"ט) of the government of Israel, is the governmental department responsible for defending the State of Israel from internal and external military threats. Its political head is the defense minister of Israel, and its offices are located in HaKirya, Tel Aviv.

The Ministry of Defense oversees most of the Israeli security forces, including the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Israel Military Industries (IMI), and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).

The ministry was established when the British Mandate of Palestine ended, and the British Army departed Palestine and the State of Israel was formed. This ended the rag-tag militia units during British rule and gave way to the formal defense of the Jewish state.
Gmina Brzeżno
Gmina Brzeżno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Brzeżno, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Świdwin and 80 km (50 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 110.84 square kilometres (42.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 2,856.

Świdwin
Świdwin [ˈɕfidvin] (German: Schivelbein; Kashubian: Skwilbëno) is a town in West Pomeranian Voivodeship of northwestern Poland. It is the capital of Świdwin County, and the administrative seat of Gmina Świdwin. Świdwin is situated in the historic Pomerania region on the left bank of the Rega river, about 100 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin and 44 km (27 mi) south of the Baltic coast at Kołobrzeg. In 2018 the town had a population of 15,725.
Cervicocranial syndrome
Cervicocranial syndrome or (craniocervical junction syndrome, CCJ syndrome) is a combination of symptoms that are caused by an abnormality in the cervical vertebrae leading to improper function of cervical spinal nerves. Cervicocranial syndrome is either congenital or acquired. Cervicocranial syndrome may be caused by Chiari disease, Klippel-Feil malformation, osteoarthritis, and physical trauma. Treatment options include neck braces, pain medication and surgery. The quality of life for individuals suffering from Cervicocranial syndrome can improve through surgery.

Spinal nerve
A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body. In the human body there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, one on each side of the vertebral column. These are grouped into the corresponding cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions of the spine. There are eight pairs of cervical nerves, twelve pairs of thoracic nerves, five pairs of lumbar nerves, five pairs of sacral nerves, and one pair of coccygeal nerves. The spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system.
Chisato Hoshi
Chisato Hoshi (星 千智, Hoshi Chisato; born 26 September 1995) is a retired Japanese badminton player who played for the BIPROGY (formerly Unisys) team. A women's doubles specialist, Hoshi won two BWF World Tour titles. She won her first World Tour title at the 2018 Russian Open Super 100 with her partner Kie Nakanishi. Her highest-level title came in 2021, when she partnered with Aoi Matsuda to win the Super 500 title at the Hylo Open. Hoshi also reached the final of the 2017 Canada Open, a BWF Grand Prix tournament. She won eight titles on the BWF International Challenge/Series circuit. Hoshi officially retired from the sport on 31 March 2023.

2017 Canada Open Grand Prix
The 2017 Canada Open Grand Prix, was the ninth Grand Prix's badminton tournament of the 2017 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held at the Markin MacPhail Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada on 11 – 16 July 2017 and had a total purse of $65,000.
Can-Am Express
The Can-Am Express was a professional wrestling tag team comprising Doug Furnas and Dan Kroffat/Phil LaFon who wrestled in promotions such as All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), Universal Wrestling Association (UWA) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF). They teamed up together for nine years from 1989 to 1999 and held success as tag team competitors. In AJPW, they were a record five-time All Asia Tag Team Champions. In ECW, they were one-time World Tag Team Champions and in UWA, they were two-time World Tag Team Champions.

ECW World Tag Team Championship
The ECW World Tag Team Championship was a professional wrestling world tag team championship in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). It was introduced in National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) affiliate and ECW precursor, Eastern Championship Wrestling in 1992, but was established under ECW in 1994.
129th Rescue Wing
The 129th Rescue Wing is a unit of the California Air National Guard, stationed at Moffett Federal Airfield in Sunnyvale, California. The wing is equipped with the HC-130J Combat King II and the HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopter. If activated to federal service, the wing is assigned to the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command (ACC).

Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk
The Sikorsky MH-60/HH-60 Pave Hawk is a four-blade, twin-engine, medium-lift utility military helicopter manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft. Both are derived from the Sikorsky S-70 and the UH-60 Black Hawk; they incorporate the US Air Force PAVE electronic systems program and are designed for day or night operations into hostile environments.

The MH-60G Pave Hawk's primary mission was insertion and recovery of special operations personnel. The HH-60G Pave Hawk's core mission is recovery of personnel under hostile conditions, including combat search and rescue. The HH-60G may also perform peacetime operations such as civil search and rescue, emergency aeromedical evacuation (MEDEVAC), disaster relief, international aid and counter-drug activities.

As of the 2020s, the USAF is replacing its HH/MH-60Gs with a new variant, the HH-60W Jolly Green II. Another variant, the HH-60P, is operated by South Korea.
Debbie Marti
Deborah Jane Marti (born 14 May 1968) is a former high jumper from England, who was born in Switzerland. She represented Great Britain at the Olympic Games in Barcelona 1992 and Atlanta 1996, finishing ninth in the 1992 final. She set her outdoor personal best of 1.94 metres on 9 June 1996 at a meet in Tallinn. On 23 February 1997 in Birmingham, she cleared 1.95 metres to set a British indoor record, which stood for 17 years (1997–2014). She also won bronze medals at the 1983 European Junior Championships and the 1994 Commonwealth Games.

1994 Commonwealth Games
The 1994 Commonwealth Games (French: XVéme Jeux du Commonwealth) were held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, between 18 and 28 August 1994. It was the 15th Commonwealth Games. These were the fourth and most recent Commonwealth Games to be hosted by Canada, after Hamilton 1930, Vancouver 1954, and Edmonton 1978.

The Games featured ten sports: athletics, aquatics (diving and swimming), badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, lawn bowls, shooting, weightlifting and wrestling. Judo which had replaced wrestling in 1990 was dropped in favour of wrestling returning, the latter being dropped from the Games for the first time in 1990.
Aerial stem modification
Aerial stem modifications are modifications to the aerial stems, vegetative buds and floral buds of plants growing in different conditions and which perform functions such as climbing, protection, support, synthesis of food, or vegetative propagation. Aerial stem structures that undergo modifications to perform these special functions include tendrils, thorns, hooks, phylloclade, tuberous stems, and bulbils. The auxiliary or the terminal part of the modified structures shows their stem nature.

Thorns, spines, and prickles
In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.
BOT SC07 Speed Cruiser
The BOT SC07 Speed Cruiser is a German ultralight and light-sport aircraft, designed  produced by BOT Aircraft of Oerlinghausen and introduced in 2009. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Light-sport aircraft
A light-sport aircraft (LSA), or light sport aircraft, is a category of small, lightweight aircraft that are simple to fly. LSAs tend to be heavier and more sophisticated than ultralight (aka "microlight") aircraft, but LSA restrictions on weight and performance separates the category from established GA aircraft. There is no standard worldwide description of an LSA.
Chlorociboria
Chlorociboria is the type genus of in the fungal family Chlorociboriaceae within order Helotiales. The genus includes 23 species.

Two common temperate zone species, Chlorociboria aeruginascens and Chlorociboria aeruginosa, can only reliably be distinguished by microscopic examination. Chlorociboria aeruginosa has larger spores (9–15 μm × 1.5–2.5 μm) and the worm-like cells of the outer surface are rough, unlike the commoner C. aeruginascens, of which the spores are 6–10 μm × 1.5–2 μm.

The hyphae and fruit bodies of all species make xylindein, a secondary metabolite that stains the substrate wood blue-green, with "green oak" being a valued commodity in woodworking.  The blue-green pigmented wood is featured in Tunbridge ware.

Chlorociboria aeruginascens
Chlorociboria aeruginascens is a saprobic species of mushroom, commonly known as the blue stain, green elfcup or the green wood cup because of its characteristic small, green, saucer-shaped fruit bodies. The actual fruit bodies are infrequently seen, with the fungus usually observed through the green staining of wood it causes.
Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae
Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae is a plant pathogen that causes cedar-apple rust. In virtually any location where apples or crabapples (Malus) and eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) coexist, cedar apple rust can be a destructive or disfiguring disease on both the apples and cedars. Apples, crabapples, and eastern red cedar are the most common hosts for this disease. Similar diseases can be found on quince and hawthorn and many species of juniper can substitute for the eastern red cedars.

Crataegus
Crataegus (/krəˈtiːɡəs/), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
Kullback's inequality
In information theory and statistics, Kullback's inequality is a lower bound on the Kullback–Leibler divergence expressed in terms of the large deviations rate function.  If P and Q are probability distributions on the real line, such that P is absolutely continuous with respect to Q, i.e. P << Q, and whose first moments exist, then

where  is the rate function, i.e. the convex conjugate of the cumulant-generating function, of , and  is the first moment of

The Cramér–Rao bound is a corollary of this result.

Convex conjugate
In mathematics and mathematical optimization, the convex conjugate of a function is a generalization of the Legendre transformation which applies to non-convex functions. It is also known as Legendre–Fenchel transformation, Fenchel transformation, or Fenchel conjugate (after Adrien-Marie Legendre and Werner Fenchel).  The convex conjugate is widely used for constructing the dual problem in optimization theory, thus generalizing Lagrangian duality.
Pavel Vieira
Pavel Pinto Vieira (born 15 February 1992) is a Bissau-Guinean footballer who plays for Cymru Premier 
side Cefn Druids.

After making is appearance in the Primeira Liga for Olhanense in May 2011, he spent the rest of his career in the lower leagues of Portugal, England, Italy and Wales. He earned one international cap for Guinea-Bissau in August 2011

S.C. Olhanense
Sporting Clube Olhanense (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɨˈpɔɾtĩ ˈkluβɨ ɔʎɐˈnẽsɨ]), commonly known as Olhanense, is a Portuguese sports club from Olhão, Algarve.

Its football team was founded on 27 April 1912 and currently plays in the Algarve Football Association First Division, the fifth tier of Portuguese football. It holds home matches at the 5,661-spectator capacity Estádio José Arcanjo.

Olhanense won the Campeonato de Portugal (now Taça de Portugal) in 1924, their most prestigious honour in history. They most recently played in the Primeira Liga in 2014 and the second tier in 2017.
Seven of Coins
The Seven of Coins or Seven of Pentacles is a card used in Latin-suited playing cards which include tarot decks. It is part of what tarot card readers call the "Minor Arcana".

Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games. In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes.

The seven of coins is the most valuable individual card in Italy's national game of scopa. Known as the sette bello ("beautiful seven"), capturing it is one of four achievements that earns a game point.

Tarot card reading
Tarot card reading is a form of cartomancy whereby practitioners use tarot cards to purportedly gain insight into the past, present or future. The process typically begins with formulation of a question, followed by drawing and interpreting cards to uncover meaning. A traditional tarot deck consists of 78 cards, which can be split into two groups, the Major Arcana and Minor Arcana. French-suited playing cards can also be used; as can any card system with suits assigned to identifiable elements (e.g., air, earth, fire, water).
2001 Humber Refinery explosion
The 2001 Humber Refinery explosion was a major incident at the then Conoco-owned Humber Refinery at South Killingholme in North Lincolnshire, England. A large explosion occurred on the Saturate Gas Plant area of the site on Easter Monday, 16 April 2001 at approximately 2:20 p.m. There were no fatalities, but two people were injured.

Humber Refinery
The Humber Refinery is a British oil refinery in South Killingholme, North Lincolnshire. It is situated south of the railway line next to the A160; Prax Group's Lindsey Oil Refinery is north of the railway line.

It is situated approximately ten miles north west of Grimsby, and processes approximately 221,000 barrels (35,100 m3) of crude oil per day. It has been owned by Phillips 66 since its spin-off from ConocoPhillips on 1 May 2012.
Freddy Flores Knistoff
Freddy Flores Knistoff is a painter and poet born in Viña del Mar, Chile in 1948. He has lived in Amsterdam since 1985.

Flores Knistoff is still active in both painting and producing artist's books. He also composes experimental poetry and since 1993 has published with Hybriden-Verlag of Berlin directed by Hartmut Andryczuk. He is strongly connected to the international movement FLUXUS.

In recent years, he has exhibited in Brussels (2007), London (2012), New York City (2008 and 2012), Pennsylvania (2012) and Oxford (2014).

He founded the Collective Automatic Painting of Amsterdam in 1991 and through this movement influenced other artists in the use of automatic painting. 
Flores Knistoff is also an active member of the Phases movement that coalesced around Édouard Jaguer and involved Roberto Matta.

Édouard Jaguer
Édouard Jaguer (8 August 1924, Paris – Paris 9 May 2006) was a French poet and art critic linked with the surrealist movement including Maurice Blanchard, Laurence Iché, Régine Raufast, Robert Rius and Tita.
The Holocaust in the Kamyenyets district
The Holocaust in the Kamyenyets District is the systematic persecution and extermination of Jews in the Kamyenyets District of the Brest Region by the occupying authorities of Nazi Germany and collaborators from 1941 to 1944 during World War II, as part of the policy of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" — an integral part of the Holocaust in Belarus and the Catastrophe of European Jewry.

Kamyenyets district
Kamyenyets district or Kamieniec district (Belarusian: Камянецкі раён; Russian: Каменецкий район) is a district (raion) of Brest region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Kamyenyets. As of 2024, it has a population of 31,088.
Jimmy Keinhorst
Thomas James Keinhorst (born 14 July 1990) is a German former international rugby league footballer who last played as a centre or second-row forward for York Knights in the RFL Championship.

He has previously played for the Leeds Rhinos and Hull KR in the Super League, and spent time on loan from Leeds at the Hunslet Hawks in the Championship, as well as the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the Widnes Vikings in the Super League. Keinhorst has also spent time on loan from Hull KR at the York City Knights in the Championship.

He has played rugby union for Heidelberger RK in the German Rugby-Bundesliga and in England with Otley in National League 1. He also represented Germany at international level.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Makasar script
The Makasar script, also known as Ukiri' Jangang-jangang (bird's script) or Old Makasar script, is a historical Indonesian writing system that was used in South Sulawesi to write the Makassarese language between the 17th and 19th centuries until it was supplanted by the Lontara Bugis script.

The Makasar script is an abugida which consists of 18 basic characters. Like other Brahmic scripts, each letter represents a syllable with an inherent vowel /a/, which can be changed with diacritics. The direction of writing is left to right. This script is written without wordspacing (scriptio continua) and with little to no punctuation. "Coda syllables", or consonants at the end of syllables, are not written in the Makasar script, so a Makasar text can contain a lot of ambiguity which can only be distinguished from context.

Scriptio continua
Scriptio continua (Latin for 'continuous script'), also known as scriptura continua or scripta continua, is a style of writing without spaces or other marks between the words or sentences. The form also lacks punctuation, diacritics, or distinguished letter case. 
In the West, the oldest Greek and Latin inscriptions used word dividers to separate words in sentences; however, Classical Greek and late Classical Latin both employed scriptio continua as the norm. The scriptio continua is also known as Latin skeleton script.
Farmall France
International Harvester's Farmall brand of tractors were built in France between 1951 and 1964. Initially produced from US-made components, tractors were made at the International Harvester (IH) plant in Saint-Dizier with French parts from 1952. A range of models were produced, many based on the Farmall C, with special narrow-track models for use in vineyards. The offering gradually broadened, with adaptations of IH Germany models. The Farmall brand was phased out in 1964, with subsequent machines bearing the International Harvester brand.

Farmall C
The Farmall C is a small two-plow row crop tractor produced by International Harvester under the Farmall brand from 1948 to 1951. The C was developed from the Farmall B as a slightly larger, more versatile implement, raising and moving the B's offset operator seat to the centerline and increasing the wheel size to allow a straight, widely-adjustable rear axle. The C kept the International Harvester C123 engine that had been used in the Super A model. The tractor was heavier and more robust, and featured hydraulic capability from the beginning. The C was incrementally updated with new model numbers as the Super C, 200, 230 and 240, but remained essentially the same machine. The closely related successors to the C were produced until 1962.