hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kubota Domain
Kubota Domain (久保田藩, Kubota han) was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province (modern-day Akita Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Kubota Castle in what is now the city of Akita and was thus also known as the Akita Domain (秋田藩, Akita han). It was governed for the whole of its history by the Satake clan. During its rule over Kubota, the Satake clan was ranked as a Province-holding daimyō (国持ち大名, kunimochi daimyō) family, and as such, had the privilege of shogunal audiences in the Great Hall (Ohiroma) of Edo Castle.

In the Boshin War of 1868–69, the domain joined the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei, the alliance of northern domains supporting the Tokugawa shogunate, but then later defected to the imperial side. As with all other domains, it was disbanded in 1871.

Dewa Province
Dewa Province (出羽国, Dewa no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [deꜜ.wa (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture, except for the city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka.  Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ushū (羽州).
Otto Ludwig von Stutterheim
Otto Ludwig von Stutterheim, (1718–1780), also called the Young Stutterheim, was a younger brother of General Joachim Friedrich von Stutterheim.  He led a relatively uneventful career overshadowed by his successful and talented brother  until mid-way through the Seven Years' War.  At that point, losses in the general staff forced Frederick the Great to dig deeper into the talent pool to replace his general staff, who were dying of old age, in battle, or simply to sick to carry on.  At one point tapped to replace the aging and ailing Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt, he alienated the King; in 1778, immediately prior to the outbreak of the War of Bavarian Succession, a chance comment by Stutterheim on the pending hostilities got him into trouble with the King.  He was relieved of his dignities and honors and sent to his estate in retirement.

Hans von Lehwaldt
Hans von Lehwald(t) (24 June 1685 – 16 November 1768), also known as Johann von Lehwald(t), was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall.  He joined the military in 1700 and participated in all Prussian field operations from the War of Spanish Succession through the Seven Years' War.  He served with particular distinction in Frederick the Great's war with the Austrians in the Silesia and Seven Years' War.
Fedotova and Others v. Russia
Fedotova and Others v. Russia (application numbers 40792/10, 30538/14 and 43439/14) was a case submitted by six Russian nationals to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).

It was decided on 13 July 2021 in which the Third Chamber ruled unanimously that Russia's refusal to provide any legal recognition to same-sex couples violated the applicants' human rights under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Following the decision, the Russian government requested on 12 October 2021 that the case be referred to the Grand Chamber of the Court. The referral was accepted by the court on 22 November 2021. The Grand Chamber upheld the ruling on 17 January 2023. By this time, Russia had already been expelled by the Council of Europe due to the invasion of Ukraine and had ceased to be part of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights
Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights provides a right to respect for one's "private and family life, his home and his correspondence", subject to certain restrictions that are "in accordance with law" and "necessary in a democratic society". The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe.
Regulation of transcription in cancer
Generally, in progression to cancer, hundreds of genes are silenced or activated.  Although silencing of some genes in cancers occurs by mutation, a large proportion of carcinogenic gene silencing is a result of altered DNA methylation (see DNA methylation in cancer).  DNA methylation causing silencing in cancer typically occurs at multiple CpG sites in the CpG islands that are present in the promoters of protein coding genes.

Altered expressions of microRNAs also silence or activate many genes in progression to cancer (see microRNAs in cancer).  Altered microRNA expression occurs through hyper/hypo-methylation of CpG sites in CpG islands in promoters controlling transcription of the microRNAs.

Silencing of DNA repair genes through methylation of CpG islands in their promoters appears to be especially important in progression to cancer (see methylation of DNA repair genes in cancer).

CpG site
The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction. CpG sites occur with high frequency in genomic regions called CpG islands. CpGs are the common unit of methylation because their information is double stranded (the GpC complement is also methylated). This allows methylation information to be preserved during cell division.

Cytosines in CpG dinucleotides can be methylated to form 5-methylcytosines. Enzymes that add a methyl group are called DNA methyltransferases. In mammals, 70% to 80% of CpG cytosines are methylated. Methylating the cytosine within a gene can change its expression, a mechanism that is part of a larger field of science studying gene regulation that is called epigenetics. Methylated cytosines often mutate to thymines.

In humans, about 70% of promoters located near the transcription start site of a gene (proximal promoters) contain a CpG island.
Classic Stories 1
Classic Stories 1: From The Golden Apples of the Sun and R is for Rocket is a semi-omnibus edition of two short story collections by Ray Bradbury: The Golden Apples of the Sun (1953) and R is for Rocket (1962).

The first 18 stories (17 prior to the third-printing's addition of the story "The Golden Apples of the Sun") are assimilated from the original Doubleday edition of The Golden Apples of the Sun. The stories appear in the original sequence, but with three omissions: "The Pedestrian" (1951), "Invisible Boy" (1945), and "Hail and Farewell" (1953). The final 14 stories in the collection are reproduced from R is for Rocket. Omitted are "The Gift" (1952) and two stories already present in The Golden Apples of the Sun.

When Avon Books reprinted the book in 1997, they retitled it The Golden Apples of the Sun and Other Stories. Harper Perennial titled their 2005 edition as A Sound of Thunder and Other Stories.

R Is for Rocket
R is for Rocket (1962) is a short story collection by American writer  Ray Bradbury, compiled for Young Adult library sections. It contains fifteen stories from earlier Bradbury collections, and two previously uncollected stories.
Jackie Gayda
Jacquelyn Suzanne Gayda (born November 3, 1981) is an American retired professional wrestler and valet, best known for her work in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). She was awarded a contract with WWE after co-winning the second series of the reality television show Tough Enough with Linda Miles.

Manager (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A woman accompanying, or "seconding", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.

Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, the tag team partner of the wrestler they are managing, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as their charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager's portrayal as a wrestler's decision-maker is usually fictional and has nothing to do with a wrestler or promotion's real-world counterpart or road agent.
Jiashan County
Jiashan County (simplified Chinese: 嘉善县; traditional Chinese: 嘉善縣; pinyin: Jiāshàn Xiàn) is a county in the north of Zhejiang Province, bordering Shanghai to the northeast and Jiangsu province to the north. It is administered by the prefecture-level city of Jiaxing. Jiashan is nicknamed "The Land of Fish and Rice", and is 80 km (50 mi) southwest of central Shanghai, 95 km (59 mi) east of Hangzhou, and 90 km (56 mi) south of Suzhou. The county seat is located on 126 People Avenue, Weitang Town.

The second campus of Sanda University, known as Guangbiao Institute, is located in Jiashan County.

Jiaxing
Jiaxing (simplified Chinese: 嘉兴; traditional Chinese: 嘉興; pinyin: Jiāxīng; Wade–Giles: Chia-hsing), alternately romanized as Kashing, is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province, China. Lying on the Grand Canal of China, Jiaxing borders Hangzhou to the southwest, Huzhou to the west, Shanghai to the northeast, and the province of Jiangsu to the north. As of the 2020 census, its population was 5,400,868 and its built-up (or metro) area made of 2 urban districts was home to 1,518,654 inhabitants.
John Hartley (academic)
John Hartley (born 1948), AM, FAHA, FRSA, FLSW, ICA Fellow, is an Australian academic and a John Curtin Distinguished Emeritus Professor. He was formerly Professor of Cultural Science and the Director of the Centre for Culture and Technology (CCAT) at Curtin University in Western Australia, and Professor of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies at Cardiff University. He has published over twenty books about communication, journalism, media and cultural studies, many of which have been translated into other languages. Hartley is an adjunct professor with CCAT.

Learned Society of Wales
The Learned Society of Wales (Welsh: Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru) is a national academy, learned society and charity that exists to "celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect and encourage excellence in all of the scholarly disciplines", and to serve the Welsh nation.

The Learned Society of Wales is Wales's first and only all-embracing national scholarly academy.  A registered charity, it was established and launched on 25 May 2010 at the National Museum of Wales and was granted a Royal Charter in 2015. The society is headquartered in Cardiff.

It is an independent, self-governing, pan-disciplinary, bilingual organisation operating throughout Wales, and is a founding member of the Celtic Academies Alliance.
2021 Sunamganj violence
On March 17, 2021, an attack took place on over a hundred houses of the Hindu community in Noagaon village of Habibpur Union, Shalla Upazila, Sunamganj, following allegations that a Hindu youth had made derogatory remarks on social media against Islamic scholar Mamunul Haque. Several extremist Muslims announced the attack through microphones and carried it out, during which 88 houses and 7–8 family temples were vandalized, and furniture was ransacked. The attack and vandalism were led by Shahidul Islam Swadhin, member of Ward 9 of Nachni village in Sarmangal Union, Dirai Upazila, and also president of the ward’s Jubo League, along with his associate Pokkon Mia. So far, 38 people have been arrested in connection with the incident and investigation is ongoing. However, some have claimed that Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh was involved in the attack.

Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh
Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh (Bengali: হেফাজতে ইসলাম বাংলাদেশ, lit. 'Protection of Islam, Bangladesh') is a Deobandi Islamist advocacy group consisting mostly of religious teachers (Ulama) and students in Bangladesh. The group is mainly based on qawmi madrasas in Bangladesh. In 2013, they submitted a 13-point charter to the government of Bangladesh, which included the demand for the enactment of a blasphemy law. Under recent years, Hefazat has been formed into more of a moderate and anti-terrorist ideology due to success of Awami League in ensuring jobs and mobilising qawmi madrasas.
Turok: Evolution
Turok: Evolution is a first-person shooter game in the Turok series. A prequel to Turok: Dinosaur Hunter (1997), it was developed by Acclaim Studios Austin and published by Acclaim Entertainment. It was released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and GameCube in 2002, alongside a handheld version for the Game Boy Advance. A port of the home console game was released for Windows in 2003, for the European market.

While previous home console games in the series were exclusive to the Nintendo 64, Turok: Evolution marked the series' debut on next-generation platforms. Development was underway in 2001, after a year of creating the game development tools and engine. Turok: Evolution received mixed reviews according to Metacritic. The series was rebooted with a 2008 entry titled Turok.

Turok (video game series)
Turok is a series of first-person shooter video games based on the comic book character of the same name. It is set in a primitive world inhabited by dinosaurs and other creatures. The series was originally developed by Acclaim Studios Austin as Iguana Entertainment and published by Acclaim Entertainment from March 4, 1997 until Acclaim's bankruptcy on September 1, 2004. A series reboot was then developed by Propaganda Games and published by Disney Interactive Studios under the Touchstone Interactive banner. The series generated more than $250 million in revenue by 2002.
Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
Equation of the center
In two-body, Keplerian orbital mechanics, the equation of the center is the angular difference between the actual position of a body in its elliptical orbit and the position it would occupy if its motion were uniform, in a circular orbit of the same period. It is defined as the difference true anomaly, ν, minus mean anomaly, M, and is typically expressed a function of mean anomaly, M, and orbital eccentricity, e.

Circular orbit
A circular orbit is an orbit with a fixed distance around the barycenter; that is, in the shape of a circle.
In this case, not only the distance, but also the speed, angular speed, potential and kinetic energy are constant. There is no periapsis or apoapsis. This orbit has no radial version.

Listed below is a circular orbit in astrodynamics or celestial mechanics under standard assumptions. Here the centripetal force is the gravitational force, and the axis mentioned above is the line through the center of the central mass perpendicular to the orbital plane.
Iwamurada Domain
Iwamurada Domain (岩村田藩, Iwamurada-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It is located in Shinano Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Iwamurada Jin’ya, located in what is now part of the city of Saku in Nagano Prefecture.  It was ruled for all of its history by a junior branch of the Naitō clan.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Energy diplomacy
Energy diplomacy is a form of diplomacy, and a subfield of international relations. It is closely related to its principal, foreign policy, and to overall national security, specifically energy security. Energy diplomacy began in the first half of the twentieth century and emerged as a term during the second oil crisis as a means of describing OPEC's actions. It has since mainly focused on the securitization of energy supplies, primarily fossil fuels, but also nuclear energy and increasingly sustainable energy, on a country or bloc basis.

Energy security
Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption (as opposed to household energy insecurity). Access to cheaper energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led to significant vulnerabilities. International energy relations have contributed to the globalization of the world leading to energy security and energy vulnerability at the same time.

Renewable resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency and transitions exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of wind power and solar power and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security.
Vince Foster
Vincent Walker Foster Jr. (January 15, 1945 – July 20, 1993) was an American attorney who served as deputy White House counsel during the first six months of the Clinton administration.

Foster had been a partner at Rose Law Firm in Little Rock, Arkansas, where, as The Washington Post later wrote, he rose to "the pinnacle of the Arkansas legal establishment." In July 1993, he was found dead of a gunshot wound in Fort Marcy Park. Five official governmental investigations ruled his death a suicide, but several conspiracy theories emerged.

White House Counsel
The White House counsel is a senior staff appointee of the president of the United States whose role is to advise the president on all legal issues concerning the president and their administration.  The White House counsel also oversees the Office of White House Counsel, a team of lawyers and support staff who provide legal guidance for the president and the White House Office.  At least when the White House counsel is advising the president on legal matters pertaining to the duties or prerogatives of the president, this office is also called counsel to the President.  When initially created, it was named simply Special Counsel.

David Warrington is the current White House counsel, serving since January 20, 2025.
1992 Stevenage Borough Council election
The 1992 Stevenage Borough Council election took place on 7 May 1992. This was on the same day as other local elections. One third of the council was up for election; the seats which were last contested in 1988. The Labour Party retained control of the council, which it had held continuously since its creation in 1973.

1988 Stevenage Borough Council election
The 1988 Stevenage Borough Council election took place on 5 May 1988. This was on the same day as other local elections. One third of the council was up for election; the seats which were last contested in 1984. The Labour Party retained control of the council, which it had held continuously since its creation in 1973.
Anne Clarke (archaeologist)
Anne (Annie) Clarke FAHA is an Australian archaeologist and heritage specialist. She is a professor of archaeology and heritage at the University of Sydney. Clarke is a leading scholar in Australian archaeology, both historical and Aboriginal, as well as critical heritage studies. She has specialisms in archaeobotany, contact archaeology and rock art.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
Credneria
Credneria  is an extinct genus in the family or Platanaceae of broad-leaf trees similar to extinct Platanus species that appeared during the Cretaceous. The genus was first described by Zenker (1833) and has formerly been placed in the family Salicaceae rather than Platanaceae on occasion.  Credneria leaves are preserved in sandstone and less often in siltstone. The leaves are typically obovate with a pinnate-actinodromous venation and distinct suprabasal veins.

Platanaceae
Platanaceae, the plane family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Proteales. The family consists of only a single extant genus Platanus, with twelve known species. The plants are tall trees, native to temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The hybrid London plane is widely planted in cities worldwide.
Abram A. Hammond
Abram Adams Hammond (March 21, 1814 – August 27, 1874) was the 12th governor of the U.S. state of Indiana. He succeeded to the office upon the death of Governor Ashbel P. Willard and completed the remaining three months of Willard's term.

Ashbel P. Willard
Ashbel Parsons Willard (October 31, 1820 – October 4, 1860) was state senator, the 12th lieutenant governor, and the 11th governor of the U.S. state of Indiana. His terms in office were marked by increasingly severe partisanship leading to the breakup of the state Democratic Party in the years leading up to the American Civil War. His brother-in-law John Edwin Cook was involved in John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, and was executed. Willard went to the south to advocate unsuccessfully for his release, and became despised by southerners who accused him of having a secret involvement in the raid. He died two months before the start of the war while giving a speech on national unity, and was the first governor of Indiana to die in office.
Rooty
Rooty is the second studio album by English electronic music duo Basement Jaxx, released on 25 June 2001.

The music labels behind this release were XL and Astralwerks in the UK and US.

Like its predecessor Remedy, Rooty was well-received critically and commercially. Five singles were released from the album: "Romeo", "Jus 1 Kiss", "Where's Your Head At", "Get Me Off" and the Australia-only single "Do Your Thing".

Remedy (Basement Jaxx album)
Remedy is the debut studio album by English electronic music duo Basement Jaxx, released in May 1999 by record label XL.

The album was very well-received critically, and reached number 4 in the UK Albums Chart. Four singles were released from the album: "Red Alert", "Rendez-Vu", "Jump n' Shout" and "Bingo Bango".