hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Konishi Yukikage
Konishi Yukikage (小西 行景, 1561 - 1600), also known as Konishi Hayato, was a Japanese samurai of the late Sengoku period. He was the younger brother of the Christian daimyo, Konishi Yukinaga.

He fought bravely against Kato Kiyomasa in the Siege of Udo, killing Kato's senior retainer. After he found out the western army had been defeated, he decided to surrender.  He committed seppuku in exchange for assurances that all his vassals would be spared and hired with the same salary.

Yukikage was buried in Zenjoji Temple, Kumamoto, by Nanjo Motokiyo. His grave is marked with a small uninscribed stone surrounded by the gravestones of Konishi vassals as if they are protecting it. It is said that Konishi Yukinaga's remains had been moved from Kyoto to be buried with his brother.

Konishi Yukinaga
Konishi Yukinaga (小西 行長, baptized under the Portuguese personal name Agostinho; 1558 – November 6, 1600) was a Japanese daimyō who served under Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Known as a Kirishitan daimyo, he is notable for his role as the vanguard of the Japanese invasion of Korea.
Soufflenheim
Soufflenheim (French pronunciation: [suflənaim]; Alsatian: Süfflùm), is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.  It is known for its pottery, being known as the Cité des Potiers.

Alsatian dialect
Alsatian (Alsatian: Elsässisch or Elsässerditsch "Alsatian German"; Lorraine Franconian: Elsässerdeitsch; French: Alsacien; German: Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch) is the group of Alemannic German and Franconian dialects spoken in most of Alsace, a formerly disputed region in eastern France that has passed between French and German control five times since 1681.
Viipuri–Joensuu railroad
The old Karelian railroad (Finnish: Karjalan rata) between Viipuri and Joensuu was a 1,524 mm (5 ft) broad gauge line that used to link Joensuu, Sortavala, Hiitola, Antrea and Viipuri. Originally built in 1892-1894 by Finnish State Railways in the Grand Duchy of Finland, in the 1940s most of the railway up to Niirala was ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union in the Moscow Peace Treaty, Moscow Armistice and Paris Peace Treaty as a result of the Winter War and Continuation War. Now the track is located in Leningrad Oblast (Karelian Isthmus), Republic of Karelia and North Karelia. The Sortavala–Joensuu link across the border was abolished after the Continuation War, but was since restored and is currently in use for cargo traffic.

Republic of Karelia
The Republic of Karelia, or simply Karelia or Karjala (Russian: Каре́лия, Ка́рьяла; Karelian: Karjala) is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country. The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District, and covers an area of 172,400 square kilometres (66,600 square miles), with a population of 533,121 residents. Its capital is Petrozavodsk.

The modern Karelian Republic was founded as an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR, by the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) on 27 June 1923 and by the Decree of the VTsIK and the Council of People's Commissars of 25 July 1923, from the Karelian Labour Commune. From 1940 to 1956, it was known as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the Soviet Union. In 1956, it was once again made an autonomous republic and remained part of Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Aetonyx
Aetonyx is a dubious genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of southern Africa. Its only species is A. palustris, which was named by Robert Broom in 1911 based on a fragmentary skeleton from the upper Elliot Formation found near Fouriesburg, Free State Province. Broom considered it as a species of "carnivorous dinosaur". In 1924, Sydney H. Haughton assigned a second specimen to Aetonyx, which is also from Fouriesburg. In 1932, Friedrich von Huene suggested that the species Thecodontosaurus dubius, which Haughton had named in his 1924 paper, is a synonym of Aetonyx palustris. The species was later synonymised with Massospondylus harriesi and Massospondylus carinatus. A 2004 review lists it as an indeterminate sauropodomorph.

Robert Broom
Robert Broom FRS FRSE (30 November 1866 –  6 April 1951) was a British-South African medical doctor and palaeontologist. He qualified as a medical practitioner in 1895 and received his DSc in 1905 from the University of Glasgow.

From 1903 to 1910, he was professor of zoology and geology at Victoria College, Stellenbosch, South Africa, and subsequently he became keeper of vertebrate palaeontology at the South African Museum, Cape Town.
Tina Howe
Mabel Davis "Tina" Howe (November 21, 1937 – August 28, 2023) was an American playwright. In a career that spanned more than four decades, Howe's best-known works include Museum, The Art of Dining, Painting Churches, Coastal Disturbances, and Pride's Crossing.

Her plays won numerous awards, including the 1998 New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Play for Pride's Crossing, which was also a finalist for the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Coastal Disturbances was nominated for the 1987 Tony Award for Best Play.

New York Drama Critics' Circle
The New York Drama Critics' Circle is made up of 23 drama critics from daily newspapers, magazines and wire services based in the New York City metropolitan area. The organization is best known for its annual awards for excellence in theater.

The organization was founded in 1935 at the Algonquin Hotel by a group that included Brooks Atkinson, Walter Winchell, and Robert Benchley. Adam Feldman of Time Out New York has been President of the organization since 2005; Zachary Stewart of TheaterMania is currently Vice President, and Helen Shaw of The New Yorker serves as Treasurer.
Erastus Newton Bates
Erastus Newton Bates (February 29, 1828 – May 29, 1898) was an American politician and general from Massachusetts. A graduate of Williams College, Bates was an early settler of Minnesota and participated in its first constitutional convention and state senate. He then moved to Illinois, where he served with the Union Army in the Civil War. A longtime prisoner of war, Bates was commissioned a brevet brigadier general. Upon his return from the war, he served in the Illinois House of Representatives and as Illinois Treasurer.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
George W. Minns
George Washington Minns (October 6, 1813 – January 14, 1895) was an American educator. He graduated from Harvard Law School and practiced law in Massachusetts for several years before moving to California. After the collapse of his law practice, Minns became an educator. He helped train teachers for San Francisco's public school system as the principal of Minns Evening Normal School, the predecessor of the California State Normal School, which, in turn, became San José State University, the founding campus of the California State University system.

San Francisco Unified School District
San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD), established in 1851, is the only public school district within the City and County of San Francisco, and the first in the state of California. Under the management of the San Francisco Board of Education, the district serves approximately 50,046 students across 122 schools.

SFUSD utilizes an intra-district school choice system and requires students and parents to submit a selection application. Every year in the fall, the SFUSD hosts a Public School Enrollment Fair to provide families access to information about all the schools in the district. This system is set to change as the school board has resolved to overhaul the system to ensure that more students (at least at the elementary level) are placed at neighborhood schools.
When Ski Lifts Go Wrong
When Ski Lifts Go Wrong is a 2019 construction and management simulation video game developed by British indie developer Hugecalf Studios and published by Curve Digital. When Ski Lifts Go Wrong was released in early access on 4 October 2017 and fully released on 23 January 2019 on Windows, macOS and Nintendo Switch.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Stay Puft Marshmallow Man
The Stay-Puft Marshmallow Man is a fictional character from the Ghostbusters franchise, who appears as a giant, lumbering, and paranormal fluffy monster. He first appears in the 1984 Ghostbusters film as a logo on a bag of marshmallows in Dana Barrett's apartment, on an advertisement on a building near the Ghostbusters' headquarters, and finally as the physical manifestation and form of the apocalyptic Sumerian deity Gozer.

Gozer returns in this form multiple times. Subsequently, he has been incorporated into many other types of Ghostbusters media, including the animated series The Real Ghostbusters, comic books, a stage show, and several video games.

Marshmallow
Marshmallow (UK: /ˌmɑːrʃˈmæloʊ/, US: /ˈmɑːrʃˌmɛloʊ, -mæl-/) is a confection made from sugar, water and gelatin whipped to a solid-but-soft consistency. It is used as a filling in baking or molded into shapes and coated with corn starch. This sugar confection is inspired by a medicinal confection made from Althaea officinalis, the marsh-mallow plant.
Order-4 octahedral honeycomb
The order-4 octahedral honeycomb is a regular paracompact honeycomb in hyperbolic 3-space. It is paracompact because it has infinite vertex figures, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. Given by Schläfli symbol {3,4,4}, it has four ideal octahedra around each edge, and infinite octahedra around each vertex in a square tiling vertex figure.

A geometric honeycomb is a space-filling of polyhedral or higher-dimensional cells, so that there are no gaps. It is an example of the more general mathematical tiling or tessellation in any number of dimensions.

Honeycombs are usually constructed in ordinary Euclidean ("flat") space, like the convex uniform honeycombs. They may also be constructed in non-Euclidean spaces, such as hyperbolic uniform honeycombs.  Any finite uniform polytope can be projected to its circumsphere to form a uniform honeycomb in spherical space.

Octahedron
In geometry, an octahedron (pl.: octahedra or octahedrons) is any polyhedron with eight faces. One special case is the regular octahedron, a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each vertex. Many types of irregular octahedra also exist, including both convex and non-convex shapes.
Logan James
Logan James is an American professional wrestler,  He is currently performing independent circuit. He is best known for tenure IWA Mid-South  where he is former one-times IWA Mid-South Heavyweight Championship, former five-times IWA Mid-South Junior Heavyweight Championship and two-times IWA Mid-South Tag Team Championship with alongside Tyler Matrix and Adam Slade. He is also known for his tenure with Ohio Valley Wrestling where he is a former OVW Television Champion.

IWA Mid-South Heavyweight Championship
The IWA World Championship is the major title in the IWA Mid-South based in Louisville, Kentucky. The title debuted at the "Crowning of a Champion" event on April 3, 1997, when Tower of Doom won a twelve-man tournament. There have been a total of 125 reigns among 59 champions and 19 vacancies. Tower of Doom was the inaugural champion, having defeated Ox Harley and Bull Pain in a tournament final three-way match on April 4, 1997, at Crowning of Champion. On June 14, 2022, Jake Crist vacated the title after failing to receive payment. As a result, the company ceased operations and the title was deactivated.
Zhang Nan (gymnast)
Zhang Nan (simplified Chinese: 张楠; traditional Chinese: 張楠; pinyin: Zhāng Nán; born April 30, 1986, in Beijing) is a former artistic gymnast from China. Zhang was a member of the Chinese team for the 2004 Olympic Games, as well as the 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. She is one of China's most successful female gymnasts and was the first Chinese woman to medal in an all-around competition at the World Championships.

She is married to 2004 Olympic champion Teng Haibin.

2005 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 38th World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia from 21 to 27 November 2005. Only the individual all-around and event finals were contested at this meet. There was no team competition; nations were permitted to bring up to six Men's Artistic Gymnastics (MAG) and up to four Women's Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) athletes to compete.
Ryan Bizzarro
Ryan A. Bizzarro (born November 13, 1985) is an American politician and member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He has represented the 3rd district since January 2013. His district is located in Erie County and includes the townships of Millcreek and Fairview.

Bizzarro is a member of the Democratic Party and currently serves in House Democratic Leadership as the House Democratic Policy Chairman. He was a candidate for Pennsylvania State Treasurer in the 2024 election, but lost the primary to Erin McClelland.

Treasurer of Pennsylvania
The treasurer of Pennsylvania is the head of the Pennsylvania Treasury Department, an independent department of the commonwealth's government. The treasurer is elected every four years. The current treasurer is Republican Stacy Garrity.
Sean Conover
Sean Wayne Conover (born July 31, 1984) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Tennessee Titans as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football for the Bucknell Bison.

Conover was also a member of the Atlanta Falcons, Baltimore Ravens, New York Jets, Detroit Lions, St. Louis Rams and Hartford Colonials.

Bucknell Bison football
The Bucknell Bison football team represents Bucknell University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (formerly Division I-AA) level.  Bucknell is a member of the Patriot League.  Bucknell won the first Orange Bowl, 26–0, over the Miami Hurricanes on January 1, 1935.
Roughback whipray
The roughback whipray (Fluvitrygon kittipongi) is a rare species of freshwater stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found over sandy bottoms in the Mae Klong and Chao Phraya Rivers of Thailand. Growing no more than 29 cm (11 in) across, this small ray has an oval pectoral fin disc and a whip-like tail without fin folds. It closely resembles the white-edge freshwater whipray (F. signifer) in appearance, but can be distinguished by its coloration: light gray to dark orange-brown above and white below with a dark band along the lateral margins. Another identifying feature is a "pearl organ" (enlarged dermal denticle) at the center of the back, found in individuals of all ages. All of the original specimens of the roughback whipray were found with extensive wounds to the fins and tail. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed this species as Endangered, citing the extensive habitat degradation and heavy fishing pressure within its limited range.

Chao Phraya River
The Chao Phraya River (Thai: แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country. It flows through Bangkok and then into the Gulf of Thailand.
Sankhenre Sewadjtu
Sankhenre Sewadjtu was the thirty-fourth pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. Sewadjtu reigned from Memphis, starting in 1675 BC and for a period of 3 years and 2 to 4 months.

Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years. It is often classified as the final dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (which includes Dynasties XI, XII and XIV), but some historians instead group it in the Second Intermediate Period (with Dynasties XIV through XVII).

Dynasty XIII initially ruled from the Nile Delta to the second cataract of the Nile. However, the dynasty marked a period of decline and instability, with the Canaanite Dynasty XIV rising concurrently and the Hyksos Dynasty XV taking control shortly after.

Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep is usually considered Dynasty XIII's first pharaoh, and Merneferre Ay, while not the final pharaoh, was the last to occupy the Middle Kingdom capital of Itjtawy, and the last of the dynasty with a significant recorded reign.
Optics and vision
Vision of humans and other organisms depends on several organs such as the lens of the eye, and any vision correcting devices, which use optics to focus the image.

The eyes of many animals contains a lens that focuses the light of its surroundings onto the retina of the eye. This lens is essential to producing clear images within the eye.

However, some individuals may have problems with focus, such as myopia or presbyopia. In this case, the focus of the eyes can be corrected with an external lens, such as glasses or contact lenses, or through surgery.

Eye surgery
Eye surgery, also known as ophthalmic surgery or ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa. Eye surgery is part of ophthalmology and is performed by an ophthalmologist or eye surgeon. The eye is a fragile organ, and requires due care before, during, and after a surgical procedure to minimize or prevent further damage. An eye surgeon is responsible for selecting the appropriate surgical procedure for the patient, and for taking the necessary safety precautions. Mentions of eye surgery can be found in several ancient texts dating back as early as 1800 BC, with cataract treatment starting in the fifth century BC. It continues to be a widely practiced class of surgery, with various techniques having been developed for treating eye problems.
Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg (30 October 1563 – 14 January 1639) was a member of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg and margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Duchess of Krnov by marriage.

Duchy of Krnov
The Duchy of Krnov (Latin: Ducatus Carnoviensis, Czech: Krnovské knížectví, Polish: Księstwo Karniowskie) or Duchy of Jägerndorf (German: Herzogtum Jägerndorf) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, which in 1377 emerged from the Duchy of Troppau (Opava), itself a fief of the Bohemian Crown. Its capital was at Krnov in the present-day Czech Republic.
South Swindon
South Swindon, previously called Central Swindon South, is a civil parish in the town of Swindon, in the ceremonial county of Wiltshire, England. The parish covers the southern part of the central area of the town, including the Old Town area, and extends south to take in Wichelstowe and Coate Water. In 2021 it had a population of 62,871.

South Swindon is the largest civil parish in the Borough of Swindon by population, and the seventh largest civil parish by population in England. The parish borders Central Swindon North, Chiseldon, Liddington, Nythe, Eldene and Liden, Stratton St Margaret, West Swindon and Wroughton.

Wroughton
Wroughton is a large village and civil parish in northeast Wiltshire, England. It is part of the Borough of Swindon and lies along the A4361 between Swindon and Avebury; the road into Swindon crosses the M4 motorway between junctions 15 and 16. The village is about 3.2 miles (5.1 km) south of Swindon town centre on the edge of the Marlborough Downs, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The town of Marlborough is about 11 miles (18 km) to the south, and the World Heritage Site at Avebury is about 7 miles (11 km) to the south.

The parish includes North Wroughton, formerly a small settlement on the road towards Swindon but now part of the built-up area; and the hamlets of Elcombe and Overtown.
Joshua Dürksen
Joshua Iván Dürksen Dyck (German pronunciation: [ˈjoːzu̯a ˈdʏʁk.sn̩]; born 27 October 2003) is a Paraguayan racing driver set to compete in the 2026 FIA Formula 2 Championship for Invicta Racing, and serves as a development driver in Formula One for Mercedes. He previously competed for AIX Racing for two seasons, achieving four wins overall.

Dürksen previously raced for Arden in the Formula Regional European Championship in 2022 and 2023. He is a race-winner in FIA Formula 2 and Italian F4.

Arden International
Arden International, competing as Arden Motorsport, is a multiple formula racing team created and run by Christian Horner and Garry Horner. It currently competes in the GB4 Championship, and formerly ran in the FIA Formula 2 Championship, Formula Regional European Championship and the GB3 Championship.

It has been competing since 1997 and has raced in the Formula 3000 International Championship, the Italian Formula 3000 series, and the A1 GP series for Great Britain.

Due to the Arden's strong business connections and sponsorship, the team often signs Red Bull Junior Team drivers as a way to pave forward future F1 drivers. Many drivers have been Red Bull Juniors, including Michael Ammermüller, Neel Jani, Filipe Albuquerque, Sébastien Buemi, António Félix da Costa, Daniil Kvyat, Carlos Sainz, Jr., Dan Ticktum, Jack Doohan and Dennis Hauger.
Spiritism (book)
Spiritism (German: Der Spiritismus) is an 1885 book by German philosopher Eduard von Hartmann, the author of the famous treatise Philosophy of the Unconscious. In professor Corinna Treitel's opinion, publication of this book became one of the "key events" in history of the "German occult movement." This book was "one of the first works to attempt a complete psychological explanation of all occult phenomena." According to Charles Massey, one of the founders of the Society for Psychical Research, publication of this book made the "most brutal blow" out of all ones that were ever directed against Spiritualism.

Charles Massey
Charles Carleton Massey (1838–1905), most well known as C. C. Massey, was a British barrister, Christian mystic and psychical researcher.

Massey was born at Hackwood Park, Basingstoke. He was the first president of the British Theosophical Society and a founding member of the Society for Psychical Research in 1882. His father was William Nathaniel Massey. His main interest was Christian Theosophy; he was influenced by the writings of Jakob Böhme.

Massey, a convinced spiritualist, was associated with the medium Stainton Moses. He was also a member of the British National Association of Spiritualists and The Ghost Club.

Massey had defended the medium Henry Slade against the accusations of fraud from Ray Lankester. In 1880 he translated Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner's Transcendental Physics into English.