hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minoan chronology
Minoan chronology is a framework of dates used to divide the history of the Minoan civilization. Two systems of relative chronology are used for the Minoans. One is based on sequences of pottery styles, while the other is based on the architectural phases of the Minoan palaces. These systems are often used alongside one another.

Establishing an absolute chronology has proved difficult, since different methodologies provide different results. For instance, while carbon dating places the eruption of Thera around 1600 BC, synchronism with Egyptian records would place it roughly a century later.

Egyptian chronology
The Conventional Egyptian chronology reflects the broad scholarly consensus about the outline and many details of the chronology of Ancient Egypt. It places the beginning of the Old Kingdom in the 27th century BC, the beginning of the Middle Kingdom in the 21st century BC and the beginning of the New Kingdom in the mid-16th century BC.

Disagreements remain within this consensus, and various chronologies diverge by about 300 years for the Early Dynastic Period, up to 30 years in the New Kingdom, and a few years in the Late Period.

In addition, there are a number of "alternative chronologies" outside scholarly consensus, such as the "New Chronology" proposed in the 1990s, which lowers New Kingdom dates by as much as 350 years, or the "Glasgow Chronology" (proposed 1978–1982), which lowers New Kingdom dates by as much as 500 years.
Jaisalmer–Jodhpur Express
The Jaisalmer–Jodhpur Express is an Express train belonging to North Western Railway zone that runs between Jaisalmer and Jodhpur Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 14809/14810 train numbers on a daily basis.

Jodhpur railway station
Jodhpur railway station (station code:- JU) is a major railway station located in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. The railway station is under the administrative control of North Western Railway of Indian Railways.
Ewan MacDonald
Ewan MacDonald (born 17 November 1975 in Inverness, Scotland) is a Scottish curler. Representing Scotland, he is a three-time World Champion, playing second for Hammy McMillan in 1999 and playing third for David Murdoch in 2006 and 2009. He has also represented Great Britain at three Winter Olympics, in Salt Lake City 2002, Torino 2006 and Vancouver 2010. He was previously married to fellow curler and the 2002 Olympic Gold medallist, Fiona MacDonald. In 2023, he was inducted into the World Curling Federation Hall of Fame.

Hammy McMillan
Hamilton McMillan (born 13 July 1963) is a Scottish curler. He won a gold medal as skip for the Scottish team at the 1999 World Curling Championships in Saint John, New Brunswick. He has won five gold medals at the European Curling Championships. He played third for the Tom Brewster rink before forming his own team.

He competed for Great Britain at the 1992 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Winter Olympics.

His son, Hammy McMillan Jr., is also a competitive curler.
Margaret Strachan
Margaret D. Strachan (born 1935) is an American politician who served on the Portland City Council, in Portland, Oregon, from 1981 to 1986. She was the first woman elected to the Council (Connie McCready and Mildred Schwab were appointed).

Connie McCready
Constance McCready (born Constance Averill, August 20, 1921 – December 22, 2000) was an American journalist and politician from Portland, Oregon, in the United States.  She held several elected offices in Oregon during her career, including the Oregon House of Representatives, the Portland City Council, and culminating with a partial term as Portland's mayor. To date, McCready remains the last Republican to serve as mayor of the city.
USS Cayuga (LST-1186)
USS Cayuga (LST-1186) was a Newport-class tank landing ship of the United States Navy which replaced the traditional bow door-design tank landing ships (LSTs). The vessel was constructed by the National Steel and Shipbuilding Company in San Diego, California and was launched in 1969 and commissioned in 1970. Cayuga took part in the Vietnam War and Gulf War in American service. Decommissioned in 1994, the LST was transferred to the Brazilian Navy the same year on loan and renamed NDCC Mattoso Maia (G 28). The ship was purchased by Brazil outright in 2001. Mattoso Maia took part in MINUSTAH before being taken out of service in 2023. On 15 December 2025, the ship was sunk during a live-fire exercise by the Brazilian Navy near the coast of Rio de Janeiro.

Newport-class tank landing ship
Newport-class tank landing ships were an improved class of tank landing ship (LST) designed for and employed by the United States Navy from 1969 to 2002. The ships were intended to provide substantial advantages over their World War II-era predecessors. Larger and faster than any previous LST design, they carried a ramp over the bow that allowed them to surpass 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), a goal of the United States amphibious forces. 27 were planned of which twenty were completed, the high number due to the demands of US force projection estimates. However, the arrival of the air-cushioned landing craft which allowed for over-the-horizon attacks made the class obsolete in the eyes of the United States Navy. Placed in reserve, twelve were eventually sold to foreign navies, while the remaining eight have since been decommissioned.
Dugout (shelter)
A dugout or dug-out, also known as a pit-house or earth lodge, is a shelter for humans or domesticated animals and livestock based on a hole or depression dug into the ground. Dugouts can be fully recessed into the earth, with a flat roof covered by ground, or dug into a hillside. They can also be semi-recessed, with a constructed wood or sod roof standing out.
These structures are one of the most ancient types of human housing known to archaeologists, and the same methods have evolved into modern "earth shelter" technology.

Dugouts may also be temporary shelters constructed as an aid to specific activities, e.g., concealment and protection during warfare or shelter while hunting.

Earth lodge
An earth lodge is a semi-subterranean building covered partially or completely with earth, best known from the Native American cultures of the Great Plains and Eastern Woodlands. Earth lodges are circular, dome-shaped dwellings with heavy timber superstructures covered by thick layers of earth, typically with a central or slightly offset smoke hole at the apex and a tunnel-like entryway. The type emerged in the early 1500s and persisted into the reservation era of the late 19th century. Tribes most frequently associated with earth-lodge architecture include the Mandan, Hidatsa, Arikara, Pawnee, Otoe, Kansa, Omaha, and Ponca, although several other groups also adopted the style. Earth lodges have also been identified archaeologically at Mississippian culture sites in the southeastern United States.

With diameters of up to 60 feet (18 m), historic-period earth lodges were the largest and most complex structures built on the Plains until the 20th century.
Half-transitive graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a half-transitive graph is a graph that is both vertex-transitive and edge-transitive, but not symmetric.  In other words, a graph is half-transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively upon both its vertices and its edges, but not on ordered pairs of linked vertices.

Every connected symmetric graph must be vertex-transitive and edge-transitive, and the converse is true for graphs of odd degree, so that half-transitive graphs of odd degree do not exist.  However, there do exist half-transitive graphs of even degree. The smallest half-transitive graph is the Holt graph, with degree 4 and 27 vertices.

Edge-transitive graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, an  edge-transitive graph is a graph G such that, given any two edges e1 and e2 of G, there is an automorphism of G that maps e1 to e2.

In other words, a graph is edge-transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on its edges.
2019 IHF Super Globe
The 2019 IHF Super Globe was the thirteenth edition of the IHF Men's Super Globe, a yearly club world championship in handball organised by the International Handball Federation (IHF). The tournament was held in Dammam, Saudi Arabia from 27 to 31 August 2019.

FC Barcelona won their fifth title after defeating THW Kiel 34–32 in the final.

IHF Men's Super Globe
The Men's Super Globe is a handball competition contested between the champion clubs from continental confederations.

On 7 December 2018, the IHF moved the Super Globe to Saudi Arabia for four years, until 2022. In May 2024, the IHF moved the Super Globe to Egypt, until 2026.
Stephen Coronel
Stephen Coronel (born March 21, 1951) is an American guitarist and former member of the rock band Wicked Lester. He co-wrote a handful of songs that would later be recorded by the group Kiss, a band which featured former Wicked Lester members Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons. In 2014, Coronel was charged with possessing child pornography, and was incarcerated at Kershaw Correctional Institution in South Carolina from 2016 to 2019.

Paul Stanley
Paul Stanley (born Stanley Bert Eisen; January 20, 1952) is an American musician. He was the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and a founding member of the hard rock band Kiss, which was active from 1973 to 2023. He was the writer or co-writer of many of the band's most popular songs. Stanley established the Starchild character for his Kiss persona.

In 2006, Hit Parader ranked Stanley 18th on their list of the Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time. A Gibson.com readers' poll in 2010 named him 13th on their list of Top 25 Frontmen. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014 as a member of Kiss.
Schaffhauser Kantonalbank
Schaffhauser Kantonalbank is a Swiss cantonal bank that serves and is based in Schaffhausen. It is wholly owned by the Swiss Canton of Schaffhausen and serves the area with six branches and ten ATMs.  The bank offers both public and commercial banking services including savings, cards, real estate and investments.

Cantonal bank
The cantonal banks (German: Kantonalbank, French: banque cantonale, Italian: banca cantonale) are 24 Swiss government-owned commercial banks. Most of them were founded between 1834 and 1916, although the Banque cantonale du Jura was founded in 1979, as the canton of Jura was not formed until 1978, by its separation from the Canton of Berne. 21 are provided by the canton in which they are based, with a guarantee for the assets held there.
Lincoln High School (Seattle, Washington)
Lincoln High School (shortened to Lincoln High, Lincoln, or L.H.S.) is a public high school in Seattle, Washington, part of the Seattle Public Schools district and named after Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States. It is Seattle Public School's oldest operating high school.

The school initially opened in 1907. In 1981, the school closed and the building was used several times after as a temporary holding location for other Seattle public schools as their own buildings underwent construction. In 2019, the school reopened after renovations.

Seattle Public Schools
Seattle Public Schools is the largest public school district in the state of Washington. The school district serves almost all of Seattle. Additionally it includes sections of Boulevard Park and Tukwila. As of the 2021–2022 academic year, 106 schools are operated by the district, which serve 51,650 students throughout the city.
Beaufortia (plant)
Beaufortia  is a genus of woody shrubs and small trees in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to Southwest Australia. The genus Beaufortia is closely related to Melaleuca, Calothamnus, Regelia and several others, differing mainly in the way the anthers are attached to the stalks of the stamens, and in the way they open to release their pollen. Beaufortia anthers are attached at one end and open by splitting at the other.

Regelia
Regelia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. The genus is composed of five species of small leaved, evergreen shrubs which have heads of flowers on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering. Another species, previously known as Regelia punicea and which is endemic to Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory, has been transferred to Melaleuca punicea.
Identity (Sakanaction song)
"Identity" (Japanese: アイデンティティ, Hepburn: Aidentiti) (Japanese pronunciation: [aideꜜnti̥ti]) is a song by Japanese band Sakanaction. It was released in July and August 2010 as the band's first single after the release of their fourth album Kikuuiki in March 2010. The band's first summer-time release, "Identity" was an upbeat song featuring Latin percussion and lyrics about self-identity. In September 2011, it was added to the band's fifth studio album, Documentaly.

The song was well reviewed by Japanese music critics, who enjoyed the Latin percussive elements and the song's upbeat melody. Commercially, the song reached number twelve on Oricon's single chart and number seven on the Billboard Japan Hot 100, performing worse than the band's previous single "Aruku Around" (2010), but better than their earlier singles "Sen to Rei" (2008) and "Native Dancer" (2009).

Sen to Rei
"Sen to Rei" (Japanese: セントレイ; "1000 & 0") (Japanese pronunciation: [seɴ to ɾeː]) is a song by Japanese band Sakanaction. It was released as a digital download on November 12, 2008, and on December 10 was released as the band's first physical CD single.
Republic Square, Almaty
Republic Square (Kazakh: Республика алаңы, Respublika Alañy, Russian: Площадь Республики, romanized: Ploshchadʹ Respubliki), also known as Independence Square (Kazakh: Тәуелсіздік алаңы, romanized: Täuelsızdık alañy; Russian: Площадь Независимости) or New Square (Kazakh: Жаңа алаң, romanized: Jaña alañ; Russian: Новая площадь) is the main square in Almaty, Kazakhstan. It is used for public events. The former presidential palace, later used as municipal offices, sat on its south side until 2022.

President's Residence, Almaty
The President's Residence of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасының Президенті Резиденциясы, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Prezidentı Rezidentsiiasy) was a monument of architecture, history and culture, located in the former capital of Kazakhstan, Almaty, on Nursultan Nazarbayev Avenue.
Harold Dillon, 17th Viscount Dillon
Harold Arthur Lee-Dillon, 17th Viscount Dillon, CH, FBA, FSA (24 January 1844 – 18 December 1932) was an English antiquary and a leading authority on the history of arms and armour and medieval costume.

Order of the Companions of Honour
The Order of the Companions of Honour is an order of the Commonwealth realms. It was founded on 4 June 1917 by King George V as a reward for outstanding achievements. It was founded on the same date as the Order of the British Empire.

The order was originally intended to be conferred upon a limited number of persons for whom this special distinction seemed to be the most appropriate form of recognition, constituting an honour dissociated from either the acceptance of title or the classification of merit. It is now described as being "awarded for having a major contribution to the arts, science, medicine, or government lasting over a long period of time". The first recipients of the order were all decorated for "services in connection with the war" and were listed in The London Gazette.
Kodashim
Kodashim (Hebrew: קׇדָשִׁים‎, romanized: Qoḏāšim, lit. 'holy things') is the fifth of the six orders, or major divisions, of the Mishnah, Tosefta and the Talmud, and deals largely with the services within the Temple in Jerusalem, its maintenance and design, the korbanot, or sacrificial offerings that were offered there, and other subjects related to these topics, as well as, notably, the topic of kosher slaughter.

Shechita
In Judaism, shechita (anglicized: /ʃəxiːˈtɑː/; Hebrew: שחיטה; [ʃχiˈta]; also transliterated shehitah, shechitah, shehita) is ritual slaughtering of certain mammals and birds for food according to kashrut. One who practices this, a kosher butcher, is called a shochet.
Veronika Franz and Severin Fiala
Veronika Franz (born 1965) and Severin Fiala (born 1985) are an Austrian filmmaking duo. Franz is a long time partner and Fiala the nephew of filmmaker Ulrich Seidl. Franz, a former film journalist, began her film career co-writing with Seidl. Franz and Fiala began their creative partnership writing and directing Kern (2012), a documentary about the actor Peter Kern. They went on to gain international notice for their feature debut, the German-language psychological horror film Goodnight Mommy (2014), which was selected as the Austrian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards.

Peter Kern (actor)
Peter Kern (13 February 1949 – 26 August 2015) was an Austrian actor, film director, screenwriter, and producer. He appeared in more than 70 films and directed a further 25. He starred in the 1978 film Flaming Hearts, which was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1980, he was a member of the jury at the 30th Berlin International Film Festival.

Two of Kern's later films, Blutsfreundschaft (2008) and Mörderschwestern (2011), featured Helmut Berger in a starring role. His last film was The Last Summer of the Rich ("Der letzte Sommer der Reichen"), which screened at the Berlin Film Festival in 2015.
Masroor Anwar
Masroor Anwar (6 January 1944 – 1 April 1996) was a Pakistani ghazal poet, film song lyricist and a film screenwriter.  He wrote the lyrics for 'Ko Ko Korina', South Asia's first pop song, and working alongside Sohail Rana, film director Pervez Malik and film producer and actor Waheed Murad in the 1960s, was part of the country's golden age of cinema helping establish Karachi as a major hub for film production.

Parvez Malik
Pervez Malik (1937 – 18 November 2008) was a Pakistani film director.  He was the director of Pakistan's first platinum jubilee film, "Armaan" (1966). He directed more than 20 films, mostly in Urdu language, and received excellent reviews for many of his films from both film critics and the public.
Sheriff of Bute
The Sheriff of Bute was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order on the Isle of Bute, Scotland and bringing criminals to justice.

Before the Jacobite uprising of 1745 and the abolition of hereditary jurisdictions in 1746, the office was hereditary until shifting to salaried sheriffs by 1748. The office was mostly held by the Stewarts of Bute. The most historically prominent Sheriff was John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute.

The sheriffdom was combined with Dumbarton in 1854 to form the sheriffdom of Dumbarton & Bute. In 1871 it was split and Bute was combined with Renfrew to form the sheriffdom of Renfrew & Bute. The sheriffdom was split again in 1946, when Bute was combined with Ayr to form the sheriffdom of Ayr & Bute.

Sheriff of Dumbarton
The Sheriff of Dumbarton was historically the royal official responsible for enforcing law and order in Dumbarton, Scotland and bringing criminals to justice.  Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, the hereditary sheriffs were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar.

Following a merger the post was retitled the Sheriff of Dumbarton and Bute in 1854. Following further reorganisations the post became the Sheriff of Stirling and Dumbarton in 1871 and the Sheriff of Stirling, Dumbarton and Clackmannan in 1881.
Hogar 10
Hogar 10 was a channel of the Spanish Digital Terrestrial Television and replaced Telehit emissions starting 31 July 2007 at 8.30 pm with the first program "Hoy cocinas tú" (You cook today), presented by Eva Arguiñano. This channel owned by laSexta and aired by DTT through the multiplex 69 (with Antena 3, Neox and Nova).

On 14 August 2009, Hogar 10 was replaced by Gol Televisión.

GOL PLAY
GOL PLAY is a Spanish sports television network dedicated fully to football (from 2009) and other sports (from 2016). The channel, created by Mediapro in September 2008, is distributed through cable operators, Internet television, and from August 2009, through digital terrestrial television.

Mediapro's original intention was to broadcast the channel through terrestrial television, opening a slot for pay television, and in 2009 negotiations began with the Government of Spain. On 13 August 2009, an urgent decree approved premium contents on terrestrial television, and Gol Televisión began its broadcasting on 14 August.
Turbomeca Artouste
The Turbomeca Artouste is an early French turboshaft engine, first run in 1947. Originally conceived as an auxiliary power unit (APU), it was soon adapted to aircraft propulsion, and found a niche as a powerplant for turboshaft-driven helicopters in the 1950s. Artoustes were licence-built by Bristol Siddeley (formerly Blackburn) in the UK, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited in India, and developed by Continental CAE in the US as the Continental T51. Two major versions of the Artouste were produced. The Artouste II family, mainly used in the Aérospatiale Alouette II helicopter, had a one-stage centrifugal compressor and a two-stage turbine, with gearbox-limited power of 300 kW (400 hp). The Artouste III family, mainly used in Aérospatiale's Alouette III and Lama helicopters, had a two-stage axial-centrifugal compressor and a three-stage turbine, with gearbox-limited power of 420–440 kW (560–590 hp).

Auxiliary power unit
An auxiliary power unit (APU) is a device on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion. They are commonly found on large aircraft, naval ships and some large land vehicles. Aircraft APUs generally produce 115 V AC at 400 Hz (rather than the 50 or 60 Hz common in mains supplies), to run the electrical systems of the aircraft; others can produce 28 V DC. APUs can provide power through single- or three-phase systems. A jet fuel starter (JFS) is a device similar to an APU but directly linked to a main engine and started by an onboard compressed air bottle.
Calabrian Greek
Calabrian Greek (endonym: Γκρίκο, Griko; Italian: Grecanico) is the variety of Italiot Greek used by the ethnic Griko people in Calabria, as opposed to the Italiot Greek dialect spoken in the Grecìa Salentina. Both are remnants of the Ancient and Byzantine Greek colonization of the region.

Calabrian Greek is mentioned in the Red Book of UNESCO on endangered languages, together with Griko. In addition, Euromosaic analyses and recognizes it as being an endangered and minority language in the European Union. It is mentioned by Ethnologue as a dialect of Modern Greek in the sense of a modern vernacular language of the Hellenic family (as is the case with Pontic and Tsakonian Greek).

Tsakonian Greek
Tsakonian or Tsaconian (also Tzakonian or Tsakonic, Greek: τσακωνικά, η τσακωνική διάλεκτος and Tsakonian: τσακώνικα, α τσακώνικα γρούσσα) is a highly divergent modern variety of Greek, spoken in the Tsakonian region of the Peloponnese, Greece. Unlike all other extant varieties of Greek, Tsakonian derives from Doric Greek rather than from the Attic–Ionic branch. Although it is conventionally treated as a dialect of Greek, some compendia treat it as a separate language.
Tsakonian is critically endangered, with only a few hundred or a few thousand, mostly elderly, fluent speakers left. Although Tsakonian and standard Modern Greek are related, they are not mutually intelligible.