hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Helen Dale
Helen Dale (born Helen Darville; 1972) is an Australian writer and lawyer. She is best known for writing The Hand That Signed the Paper, a novel about a Ukrainian family who collaborated with the Nazis in the Holocaust, under the pseudonym Helen Demidenko.

A daughter of British immigrants, Dale was educated at Redeemer Lutheran College in Rochedale, a suburb of Brisbane. While studying English literature at the University of Queensland, she wrote The Hand That Signed the Paper, an award-winning novel that was subject to controversy. After teaching, Dale returned to university, gaining her law degree in 2005. She later did post-graduate law study at Oxford and completed an LLM degree in 2012 at the University of Edinburgh.

Dale was a senior adviser to David Leyonhjelm, a Libertarian Party member of the Australian Senate. She makes regular editorial contributions to right-wing media outlets.

Libertarian Party (Australia)
The Libertarian Party (LP), formerly known as the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), is an Australian political party founded in Canberra in 2001. The party espouses smaller government and a philosophy stated in 2013 to be "broadly described as classical liberal or libertarian", such as lower taxes, opposing restrictions on civil liberties, decentralisation, uranium mining, and the relaxation of smoking laws. The party is also socially conservative.

As of February 2025, the party is registered in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia as well as for federal elections with the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC).
Garu Nunnery
Garu Nunnery is a historical hermitage, belonging to Sera Monastery. It is located north of Lhasa, Lhasa Prefecture,  in the Tibet region of China. The nunnery has an ancient history traced to Padmasambhava (Pha dam pa sangs rgyas), the Indian Buddhist preceptor, who visited this location. He not only named the place as "Garu" but also ordained that it shall be a "Nunnery" not a monastery of monks on the basis of prophetic visions he had during his visit to the place. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, some nuns from the monasteries have made publicized  demonstrations for Tibetan independence. Many of the protesting nuns were arrested, incarcerated, brutally handled and released only after protracted detention.

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Wingtip device
Wingtip devices are intended to improve the efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft by reducing drag. Although there are several types of wing tip devices which function in different manners, their intended effect is always to reduce an aircraft's drag. Such devices reduce drag by increasing the height of the lifting system, without greatly increasing the wingspan. Extending the span would reduce lift-induced drag, but would increase parasitic drag and would require boosting the strength and weight of the wing. At some point, there is no net benefit from further increased span. There may also be operational considerations that limit the allowable wingspan (e.g., available width at airport gates).

Parasitic drag
Parasitic drag, also known as profile drag,: 254 : 256  is a type of aerodynamic drag that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid. Parasitic drag is defined as the combination of form drag and skin friction drag.: 641–642 : 19

It is named as such because it is not useful, in contrast with lift-induced drag which is created when an airfoil generates lift. All objects experience parasitic drag, regardless of whether they generate lift. Parasitic drag comprises all types of drag except lift-induced drag, and the total drag on an aircraft or other object which generates lift is the sum of parasitic drag and lift-induced drag.
History of the Egyptian parliament
Parliamentary life in Egypt has been a mark of Egyptian civilizations along its history. In modern Egypt, parliamentary life started as early as 1824 while representative parliamentary life did not start until 1866. In 2016, Egypt celebrated the 150th anniversary of Parliamentary life in their country.

As of 2019, Parliament of Egypt is bicameral, made up of the House of Representatives as the lower house and the Senate as the upper house.

Senate (Egypt)
The Senate is the upper house of Egypt's bicameral parliament,  with the House of Representatives serving as the lower house. Together, the Senate and the House of Representatives have the legislative authority under the Article 101 in Chapter Five of the Egyptian Constitution.

Since 1866, over a period that represents the history of parliamentary life in modern Egypt, the country has witnessed seven parliamentary systems, each with different legislative and oversight powers, ultimately reflecting the history of the Egyptian people’s struggle and their pursuit of establishing a democratic and free society.

It succeeded the Shura Council after the passage of the 2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum, with the subsequent 2020 Egyptian Senate election marking its first election. The current president of the Senate is Essam El-Din Farid.
Archery at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's team recurve
The men's team recurve open was one of the events held in archery at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. Teams consisted of three archers who had competed in either the Standing or W1/W2 individual events. Team ranking was based on the aggregate individual ranking scores: in the knockout matches each team shot 24 arrows.

Archery at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's individual recurve
The Men's individual recurve was one of the events held in archery at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. There were two classes: a class for W1 & W2 wheelchair competitors and a class for standing archers. In the ranking round each archer shot 72 arrows; in the knockout stages each match was 12 arrows each.
Erysiphe convolvuli
Erysiphe convolvuli is a species of powdery mildew in the family Erysiphaceae. It is found across the world, where it affects bindweeds (Calystegia and Convolvulus) and has been reported from morning-glory plants (Ipomoea).

Erysiphaceae
Erysiphaceae (commonly known as powdery mildews) is a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Helotiales. The members of this family are obligate parasites with a superficial mycelium that forms a characteristic white, powdery coating on their host plants.

The family contains seventeen genera and around a thousand species. Combined they infect over 10,000 species of plants, many of which are commercially valuable.
Blackhouse Records
Blackhouse Records is an American independent record label founded by Scott Rozell (drummer for Moral Crux and Scatterbox), and Tony Shields. The label is based in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho and Spokane, Washington, and was originally a logo created in 2000 for the purpose of selling Scatterbox records and promoting local Inland Northwest punk rock concerts. Over the years, it has evolved into a moderate-sized independent record label. Throughout the 2000s, most of the bands on Blackhouse were punk and pop punk groups, while there are many heavy metal and rap acts signed to the label as well. Blackhouse started a short-lived imprint, "TF Media", which signed noise and grindcore bands, however they all now roll up under the Blackhouse imprint.

Scatterbox
Scatterbox is an American punk rock band from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Formed in 2000, the current lineup includes Tom White (vocals), Scott Rozell (drums), Mark Cogburn (guitar), Ryan White (bass), and Sean Nicol (guitar). They are currently signed with Blackhouse Records of Spokane, Washington. Scatterbox has released five full-length albums (including one live record), and three EPs, one of which was a split release with the now-defunct Spokane, Washington band, American Zero (whose members went on to join The Lashes, Moral Crux, and Kay Kay and His Weathered Underground).
542nd Aircraft Control and Warning Group
The 542d Aircraft Control and Warning Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 28th Air Division, stationed at Hamilton Air Force Base, California. It was inactivated on 6 February 1952.

This command and control organization was responsible for Aircraft Control and Warning (Radar) stations along the West Coast.  On 27 April 1950, the reserve 566th AC&WG was activated as a Corollary unit at Hamilton, sharing the 542d's equipment and facilities.  The 566th was called to active duty on 10 May 1951 and was inactivated, with its personnel used as fillers for the 542d.  It was dissolved after about three years, with the units being assigned directly to its parent Air Division.

28th Air Division
The 28th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force organization.  Its last assignment was with Air Defense Tactical Air Command at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma.  It was inactivated on 29 May 1992.
Terri Springett
Terri Springett is a former England women's international footballer. She represented the England women's national football team at senior international level. She won the 1984 Women's FA Cup with Howbury Grange after they defeated Doncaster Belles in the final at Sincil Bank. Springett scored twice in a 4-2 win.  After moving to Friends of Fulham, she lost in both the 1989 and 1990 finals.

Women's FA Cup
The Women's FA Challenge Cup is the top annual cup tournament for women's clubs in English football. Founded in 1970, it has been named the WFA Cup, FA Women's Cup, and now Women's FA Cup (currently known as the Adobe Women's FA Cup for sponsorship reasons).

Designed as an equivalent to the FA Cup in men's football, the competition began in 1970–71 as the Mitre Challenge Trophy, organised by the Women's Football Association (WFA). There were 71 entrants, including teams from Scotland and Wales.

The WFA ran the competition for the first 23 editions, during which time Southampton won the cup eight times. The Football Association (FA) began administering English women's football in mid-1993.

Arsenal holds the record for most titles overall, having won fourteen times. The current cup holders are Chelsea, who defeated Manchester United 3–0 in the 2025 final to win their sixth FA Cup title.
Donald C. Stockbarger
Donald C. Stockbarger (October 19, 1895 – February 23, 1952) was an American physicist known for his contributions to experimental methods in crystal growth. He is best remembered for refining the technique developed by Percy Williams Bridgman, thereby co-naming the Bridgman–Stockbarger method—a process widely used in growing high-quality single crystals for semiconductor and materials science applications.

Percy Williams Bridgman
Percy Williams Bridgman (April 21, 1882 – August 20, 1961) was an American physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1946 for his work on the physics of high pressures. He also wrote extensively on the scientific method and on other aspects of the philosophy of science.  The Bridgman effect, the Bridgman–Stockbarger technique, and the high-pressure mineral bridgmanite are named after him.
Lazarussuchus
Lazarussuchus (meaning "Lazarus's crocodile") is an extinct genus of amphibious reptile, known from the Cenozoic of Europe. It is the youngest known member of Choristodera, an extinct order of aquatic reptiles that first appeared in the Middle Jurassic. Fossils have been found in Late Paleocene, Late Oligocene, Early Miocene and possibly Late Miocene deposits (~56-20 or possibly 11.6 million years ago) in France, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Two species have been named: the type species L. inexpectatus ("unexpected") (Hecht, 1992) from the late Oligocene of France. and L. dvoraki from the early Miocene of the Czech Republic. It was not a large animal; with the total preserved body and tail length of L. inexpectatus being just over 30 centimetres. A complete specimen of Lazarussuchus with preserved soft tissue was found from the Late Paleocene of France, but has not been assigned to a species.

Chattian
The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 27.3 and 23.04 Ma. The Chattian is preceded by the Rupelian and is followed by the Aquitanian (the lowest stage of the Miocene).
Notophyllum foliosum
Notophyllum foliosum is a species of annelid in the family Phyllodocidae. Roughly 12 millimeters long, the annelid is bristly and covered in scale-like cirri. The species is found in shallow areas of the seafloor of the Mediterranean, Scandinavia, and Madeira. It was originally described as Phyllodoce foliosa in 1835 and was moved to the genus Notophyllum in 1923. The species was split in two in 2010, with the deeper-dwelling Notophyllum crypticum being designated its own species.

Phyllodoce (annelid)
Phyllodoce is a genus of polychaete worms, which contains about 200 species. The prostomium bears eyes, two pairs of antennae and a pair of large retractile nuchal organs. The eversible proboscis is clearly divided into two parts.
Samir Habiby
Samir Jamil Habiby (born April 18, 1933) is a Palestinian American Episcopal pastor, military chaplain, and humanitarian. He served as the director of the St. Anselm's Indochinese Community Center from 1976 to 1977, assisting Vietnamese refugees in the US. From 1977 to 2004, he served as the executive director of the Presiding Bishop's Fund for World Relief, later called the Episcopal Relief & Development.

Born in Haifa, Habiby later emigrated to the United States in 1954. After becoming an Episcopal priest, he later served a military chaplain from 1965 to 1970 during the Vietnam War. Afterwards, he worked on assisting Vietnamese refugees in Orange County, California after the fall of Saigon. He also completed humanitarian work on behalf of the Episcopal Church.

Episcopal Relief & Development
Episcopal Relief & Development is an international relief and development agency of the Episcopal Church. It was established in 1940 as the Presiding Bishop's Fund for World Relief. Episcopal Relief and Development works in approximately 40 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, North America, and the Middle East. They build partnerships with local Episcopal and Anglican dioceses and related organizations based on need, capacity and available resources.
Horké léto
Horké léto (Hot Summer) is a point-and-click video game. Developed by Czech studio Maxon, it was published in 1998 by JRC Interactive. A sequel, entitled Horké léto 2, was developed by Centauri Production and published in 1999 by JRC Interactive. A third game Žhavé léto 3 ½ is an action/adventure/driving game developed by Centauri Production and CINEMAX, published by Akella in 2006, which although unable to use the characters and titles of the first two games was related and rounded off what was effectively a trilogy. Žhavé léto 3 ½ was published in English, Spanish, French and German as Evil Days of Luckless John and in Russian as Сорвать Куш.

Polda
Polda is a Czech adventure video game series developed by SleepTeam which began with the release of Polda 1 in 1998. The main character is a policeman, Pankrác. In some of the sequels he is a private detective. Polda 1 was the best selling game in the Czech Republic in 1999, it is also the most popular Czech adventure games series.
MD Daniels
Marvellander "MD" Daniels Jr. (born December 18, 1989) is an American college football coach. He head football coach for Mount Mercy University, a position he has held since 2025. He is the first head coach in Mount Mercy football history as the program begins play in 2026. He was the head football coach for Iowa Wesleyan University from 2020 to 2022 when the school dropped the sport. He also coached for McMurry and Bethel (TN). He played college football for McMurry as a defensive back, running back, and wide receiver.

Iowa Wesleyan University
Iowa Wesleyan University was a private university in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, United States. It was Iowa's first coeducational institution of higher learning and the oldest of its type west of the Mississippi River. The institution was affiliated with the United Methodist Church. It closed at the end of the 2022–23 academic year due to financial challenges.

Two campus buildings, Old Main and the Harlan-Lincoln House, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The latter, the former summer home of Robert Todd Lincoln, is now a museum featuring artifacts from the Harlan and Lincoln families.
Board of Immigration Appeals
The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) is an administrative appellate body within the Executive Office for Immigration Review of the United States Department of Justice responsible for reviewing decisions of the U.S. immigration courts and certain actions of U.S. Citizenship Immigration Services, U.S Customs and Border Protection, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The BIA was established in 1940 after the Immigration and Naturalization Service was transferred from the United States Department of Labor to the Department of Justice.

United States Customs and Border Protection
United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the largest federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security. It is the country's primary border control organization, charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, as well as enforcing U.S. regulations, including trade, customs, and immigration. The CBP is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in the United States. It has a workforce of more than 45,600 federal agents and officers. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.
Phoenix Mine
Phoenix Mine was an open pit and underground mining operation in city of Phoenix in the Boundary Country region of British Columbia, Canada that operated in the early and mid 20th century, run by the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company. It was discovered in 1891, but was a lower grade copper deposit than the Rossland and Slocan deposits. The low grade and the nearest railroad being 75 miles (121 km) resulted in the Phoenix (and other new deposits) receiving less attention.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Shariatpur Sadar Upazila
Shariatpur Sadar (Bengali: শরিয়তপুর সদর) is an upazila of Shariatpur District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Shariatpur Thana was converted into an upazila in 1984. It is the subdistrict where the district headquarters, Shariatpur town, is located.

A huge number of Bangladeshi populations in Italy comes from the Shariatpur district.

Upazila
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).

Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.

Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.
Meitei traditional fishing
Fishing (Meitei: nga phaba) is one of the Meitei intangible cultural heritage of Manipur and other Meitei populated areas of Assam, Tripura as well as of Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Meitei people (also known as Manipuris) fish in lakes, rivers, swamps, and marshy areas. Fishing is an important part of their daily life. They use many traditional fishing methods that develop over time.

Meitei people
The Meitei people, also known as Meetei people, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the Indian State of  Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language (officially called Manipuri), one of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India and the sole official language of government of Manipur.
The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meiteis in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meiteis represent about 53% of Manipur's population.
Amboy Crater
Amboy Crater is a dormant cinder cone volcano that rises above a 70-square-kilometer (27 sq mi) lava field in the eastern Mojave Desert of southern California, within Mojave Trails National Monument.

It is about 75 miles (120 km) equidistant from Barstow to the west and Needles to the east, and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of historic U.S. Route 66, near the town of Amboy in San Bernardino County. In 1973, Amboy Crater was designated the Amboy Crater National Natural Landmark.

U.S. Route 66 in California
U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66) is a part of a former United States Numbered Highway in the  state of California that ran from the west in Santa Monica on the Pacific Ocean through Los Angeles and San Bernardino to Needles at the Arizona state line. It was truncated during the 1964 renumbering and its signage removed in 1974. The highway is now mostly replaced with several streets in Los Angeles, State Route 2 (SR 2), SR 110, SR 66, County Route 66 (CR 66) in San Bernardino County, Interstate 15 (I-15), and I-40.
James Smith of Jordanhill
James Smith of Jordanhill FRSE FRS MWS (1782–1867) was a Scottish merchant, antiquarian, architect, geologist, biblical critic and man of letters. An authority on ancient shipbuilding and navigation, his works included "Newer Pliocene" (1862) and "Voyage and Shipwreck of St Paul" (1848).

He is remembered as a competent yachtsman. His most notable yacht was named Wave.

Wernerian Natural History Society
The Wernerian Natural History Society (12 January 1808 – 16 April 1858), commonly abbreviated as the Wernerian Society, was a learned society interested in the broad field of natural history, and saw papers presented on various topics such as mineralogy, plants, insects, and scholarly expeditions. The Society was an offshoot of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and from its beginnings it was a rather elite organization.

The Society was named after Abraham Gottlob Werner, a German geologist who was a creator of Neptunism, a theory of superposition based on a receding primordial ocean that had deposited all the rocks in the crust. At this time all rocks, including basalt, and crystalline substances were thought by some to be precipitated from solution.