hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shady Grove, Iowa
Shady Grove is a former townsite and unincorporated community in Buchanan County, Iowa, United States, between the cities of Brandon and Jesup. Settlement of Shady Grove began in 1857, but with the advent of rural migration, the population had dropped to 25 by the 1950s. New housing developments begun during the 1990s and 2000s, however, have caused the empty community to be reborn, causing controversy along the way.

Jesup, Iowa
Jesup is a city in Buchanan County and partly in Black Hawk County in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 2,508 at the time of the 2020 census. It was named for Morris Ketchum Jesup, president of the Dubuque and Sioux City Railroad.

The Black Hawk County portion of Jesup is part of the Waterloo-Cedar Falls metropolitan area.

The community of Jesup has undergone many changes in recent years. With new subdivisions, the population for the small community is on the rise due to the town's proximity to the Waterloo-Cedar Falls Metropolitan Area.
Wendy Venturini
Wendy Venturini (born January 30, 1979) is an American reporter for the Performance Racing Network (PRN). She works as broadcaster for NASCAR Cup Series races and sometimes as a pit reporter for races on PRN. She had been a pit reporter in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, and reporter for NASCAR RaceDay. Venturini was born in Chicago, Illinois, and is a 2000 graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

In 2007, Venturini was one of the commentators for DirecTV's NASCAR Hot Pass coverage, making her the first female play-by-play announcer in auto racing history.

On August 29, 2014, Venturini was announced as the anchor for the 2014 Sylvania 300 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race for Performance Racing Network, becoming the first woman to serve such a position.

She is the daughter of two-time Automobile Racing Club of America (ARCA) Champion and multi-car owner Bill Venturini. Her older brother, Billy Venturini, is also an owner on the ARCA circuit.

Billy Venturini
William Venturini Jr (born April 7, 1976) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He is the former co-owner Venturini Motorsports, a racing team that competed in the ARCA Menards Series, along with his father, Bill. As a driver, he last competed part-time in the ARCA Menards Series East, driving the No. 20 Toyota Camry for Venturini Motorsports. He previously competed in the ARCA Re/Max Series either full-time or part-time from 1994 through 2007, mainly driving for the same team.
2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup
The 2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup was the inaugural edition of the ICC Intercontinental Cup first class cricket tournament, an international cricket tournament contested by nations who have not been awarded Test status by the International Cricket Council. The tournament took place last from 25 March to 23 November 2004. The competition included 12 teams, divided by geographical region into four groups of three, followed by semi-finals and a final which were played at 2 venues in the United Arab Emirates, the Sharjah Cricket Stadium in Sharjah and Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi.

Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium
The Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium (Arabic: ملعب زايد للكريكت) is a cricket ground located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The $23 million stadium, built by Concor, opened in May 2004, with its inaugural first-class match being an Intercontinental Cup fixture between Scotland and Kenya in November of that year. The stadium was one of the dedicated venues for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.

The stadium has a large stand at either end, with the areas square of the wicket offering grass banks for additional seating. It can hold 20,000 people.
Piedmont Wagon Company
Piedmont Wagon Company was a horse-drawn wagon works company in Hickory, Catawba County, North Carolina. Founded by George G. Bonniwell and A. L. (Andy) Ramseur in 1878, it became "one of the most conspicuous examples of New South prosperity in North Carolina" during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. One of the company's remaining buildings, constructed in 1889, is a 2+1⁄2-story L-shaped brick structure listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. In 2015, the building was restored and repurposed as office space.

Catawba County, North Carolina
Catawba County (/kəˈtɔːbə/ kuh-TAW-buh) is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 160,610. Its county seat is Newton, and its largest community is Hickory.

The county is part of the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kurów-Wieś
Kurów-Wieś (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkuruv ˈvjɛɕ]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oporów, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Oporów, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Kutno, and 56 km (35 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Oporów
Gmina Oporów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Oporów, which lies  14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Kutno and 53 km (33 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Spanning an area of 67.7 square kilometres (26.1 sq mi), as of 2006 the total population of the gmina was 2,753.
Force (cereal)
Force was the first commercially successful wheat flake breakfast cereal. Prior to this, the only successful wheat-based cereal products had been Shredded Wheat and the hot semolina cereal, Cream of Wheat.  The product was cheap to produce and kept well on store shelves. First produced in 1901 by the Force Food Company in Buffalo, New York, it was one of three companies owned by Edward Ellsworth and advertised using a popular cartoon figure called Sunny Jim.

Fred Gwynne
Frederick Hubbard Gwynne (July 10, 1926 – July 2, 1993) was an American actor, artist, and author, who is widely known for his roles in the 1960s television sitcoms Car 54, Where Are You? (as Francis Muldoon) and The Munsters (as Herman Munster), as well as his later film roles in The Cotton Club (1984), Pet Sematary (1989), and My Cousin Vinny (1992).
Lagrange's theorem (group theory)
In the mathematical field of group theory, Lagrange's theorem states that if H is a subgroup of any finite group G, then  is a divisor of .  That is, the order (number of elements) of every subgroup divides the order of the whole group.

The theorem is named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange. The following variant states that for a subgroup  of a finite group , not only is  an integer, but its value is the index , defined as the number of left cosets of  in .

This variant holds even if  is infinite, provided that , , and  are interpreted as cardinal numbers.

Alternating group
In mathematics, an alternating group is the group of even permutations of a finite set. The alternating group on a set of n elements is called the alternating group of degree n, or the alternating group on n letters and denoted by An or Alt(n).
Fano Altarpiece
The Fano Altarpiece is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Pietro Perugino, executed in 1497, and housed in the church of Santa Maria Nuova, Fano, central Italy. It also includes a lunette with a Pietà and several predella panels.

Perugino had already painted an Annunciation in 1488–1490. Several scholars have supposed that a young Raphael collaborated on the predella.

Pietro Perugino
Pietro Perugino (US: /ˌpɛrəˈdʒiːnoʊ, -ruːˈ-/ PERR-ə-JEE-noh, -⁠oo-; Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro peruˈdʒiːno]; born Pietro Vannucci or Pietro Vanucci; c. 1446/1452 – 1523), an Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbrian school, developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael became his most famous pupil.
Zwei Choralphantasien, Op. 40
Zwei Choralphantasien (two chorale fantasias), Op. 40, are fantasias for organ by Max Reger. He composed the fantasias in 1899 on two chorales: "Wie schön leucht't uns der Morgenstern" and "Straf mich nicht in deinem Zorn" They were published by Musikverlag Josef Aibl in Munich in May 1900.

Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern
"Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern" (German pronunciation: [viː ʃøːn ˈlɔɪ̯çtət deːɐ̯ ˈmɔʁɡn̩ˌʃtɛʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'How lovely shineth the morning star') is a Lutheran hymn by Philipp Nicolai written in 1597 and first published in 1599. It inspired musical settings through centuries, notably Bach's chorale cantata Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern, BWV 1, but also vocal and instrumental works by Baroque composers, Peter Cornelius, Felix Mendelssohn, Max Reger, Hugo Distler, Ernst Pepping, Mauricio Kagel and Naji Hakim.
Shaftesbury (production company)
Shaftesbury Films, Inc. is a Canadian privately-owned production company founded by Christina Jennings in 1987, that specializes in film, television, and digital media production. Its headquarters are located in Toronto, Ontario.

Bloodletting & Miraculous Cures
Bloodletting & Miraculous Cures is a short story collection by Vincent Lam, published in 2006. The book, inspired by Lam's own experiences in medical school and as a professional physician, is a volume of interconnected short stories about the lives and relationships of Fitzgerald, Ming, Chen and Sri, four young medical students in Toronto.

Bloodletting won the 2006 Scotiabank Giller Prize.
Hypercoagulability in pregnancy
Hypercoagulability in pregnancy is the propensity of pregnant women to develop thrombosis (blood clots). Pregnancy itself is a factor of hypercoagulability (pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability), as a physiologically adaptive mechanism to prevent post partum bleeding. However, when combined with an additional underlying hypercoagulable states, the risk of thrombosis or embolism may become substantial.

Tinzaparin sodium
Tinzaparin is an antithrombotic drug in the heparin group. It is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) marketed as Innohep worldwide. It has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for once daily treatment and prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

It can be given subcutaneously by syringe, or intravenously.
It was manufactured by Leo pharmaceutical company, who withdrew the product from the US in 2011 due to low sales and a contamination issue.
Five Gates to Hell
Five Gates to Hell is a 1959 American adventure film written and directed by James Clavell in CinemaScope. The film stars Dolores Michaels, Patricia Owens, Neville Brand, Ken Scott, Nobu McCarthy and Benson Fong.  It was Clavell's directorial debut.

The film was released on September 23, 1959, by 20th Century-Fox.

Irish McCalla
Nellie Elizabeth "Irish" McCalla (December 25, 1928 – February 1, 2002) was an American film and television actress and artist best known as the title star of the 1950s television series Sheena, Queen of the Jungle. She co-starred with actor Chris Drake. McCalla was also a "Vargas Girl" model for pin-up girl artist Alberto Vargas.
Ruleville-Drew Airport
Ruleville-Drew Airport (FAA LID: M37) is a public use airport in Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States. Jointly operated by the cities of Drew and Ruleville, it is located two nautical miles (4 km) south of Drew, and north of Ruleville.

This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility. In 2010 the airport received a $88,997 Federal Aviation Administration Airport Improvement Program grant to rehabilitate the airport beacon and to fund the installation of a water system.

Ruleville, Mississippi
Ruleville is a city in Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States, in the Mississippi Delta region. As of the 2020 census, Ruleville had a population of 2,642. It is the second-largest community in the rural county.
Lake Texoma
Lake Texoma is one of the largest reservoirs in the United States, the 12th-largest US Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) lake, and the largest in USACE Tulsa District. Lake Texoma is formed by Denison Dam on the Red River in Bryan County, Oklahoma, and Grayson County, Texas, about 726 miles (1,168 km) upstream from the mouth of the river. It is located at the confluence of the Red and Washita Rivers. The project was completed in 1944. The damsite is about 5 miles (8.0 km) northwest of Denison, Texas, and 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Durant, Oklahoma. Lake Texoma is the most developed and most popular lake within the USACE Tulsa District, attracting around 6 million visitors a year. Oklahoma has more of the lake within its boundaries than Texas.

Circle Ten Council
Circle Ten Council is a Scouting America chartered council in central north Texas and a portion of Oklahoma.  It encompasses all or parts of: Camp, Collin, Dallas, Delta, Ellis, Fannin, Franklin, Grayson, Henderson, Hopkins, Hunt, Kaufman, Lamar, Morris, Navarro, Rains, Red River, Rockwall, Titus, and Van Zandt counties in Texas as well as Bryan, Choctaw, McCurtain, and Pushmataha counties in Oklahoma.  Founded in 1913 and based in Dallas, approximately 32,000 youth and 8,600 adults (as of 2024) participate in Scouting through the council each year. The council has four camps - Camp Wisdom, Camp James Ray, Clements Scout Ranch / Camp Trevor Rees-Jones and Camp Constantin / Jack D. Furst Aquatics Base.  The Order of the Arrow is represented by Mikanakawa Lodge.
Data portability
Data portability is a concept to protect users from having their data stored in "silos" or "walled gardens" that are incompatible with one another, i.e. closed platforms, thus subjecting them to vendor lock-in and making the creation of data backups or moving accounts between services difficult.

Data portability requires common technical standards to facilitate the transfer from one data controller to another, such as the ability to export user data into a user-accessible local file, thus promoting interoperability, as well as facilitate searchability with sophisticated tools such as grep.

Data portability applies to personal data. It involves access to personal data without implying data ownership per se.

Closed platform
A closed platform, walled garden, or closed ecosystem is a software system wherein the carrier or service provider has control over applications, content, and/or media, and restricts convenient access to non-approved applicants or content. This is in contrast to an open platform, wherein consumers generally have unrestricted access to applications and content.
William Edgar (engineer)
William Edgar CBE (born 1938) is a British mechanical engineer, who was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 2004.

He is a graduate from Strathclyde University and Birmingham University with an MSc in Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics.
In 1990, he became Chief Executive of the National Engineering Laboratory.

He gave the George Stephenson Lecture on "The challenges of offshore oil and gas deepwater".
He was Director of Seaforth Engineering, which built the Underwater Training Centre at Fort William, Scotland and the National Hyperbaric Centre at Aberdeen. 
He was a Group Director of the John Wood Group, was Chairman of the J.P. Kenny Group for ten years, and on the board of Subsea UK.

He was appointed CBE in the 2004 New Year Honours.

2004 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 2004 were appointments by some of the Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The New Year Honours are awarded as part of the New Year celebrations at the start of January.

The New Year Honours were announced on 31 December 2003 in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Barbados, Bahamas, Grenada, 
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, and Saint Christopher and Nevis,

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honours and arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised The Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc. and then divisions i.e. Military and Civil, as appropriate.
David Kwong
David Kwong (born 1980) is a magician, puzzle creator, writer, and producer.

Kwong is known for creating illusions and puzzles for film and television and for functioning as a producer and consultant in the field. He produced Deception, ABC's action crime drama about a magician that joins the FBI. Other productions that Kwong has been involved with include Now You See Me (head magic consultant), NBC's Blindspot, The Magnificent Seven, Mission Impossible: Rogue Nation, and The Imitation Game. Kwong also frequently contributes to the New York Times crossword puzzle along with crossword puzzle editor Will Shortz.

Blindspot (TV series)
Blindspot is an American crime drama television series created by Martin Gero for NBC and executive-produced by Gero and Greg Berlanti. The show stars Sullivan Stapleton and Jaimie Alexander, and follows a mysterious woman with no recollection of her past or identity whose numerous tattoos contain clues to crimes that a team of FBI agents must solve. Rob Brown, Audrey Esparza, Ashley Johnson, Ukweli Roach and Marianne Jean-Baptiste co-star alongside Stapleton and Alexander. Archie Panjabi, Luke Mitchell, Michelle Hurd, Ennis Esmer and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio joined in later seasons.

Blindspot was produced by Berlanti Productions, Quinn's House, and Warner Bros. Television, and premiered on NBC on September 21, 2015. On May 10, 2019, NBC renewed the series for a fifth and final season, which aired from May 7 to July 23, 2020.
Kastuļina Parish
Kastuļina Parish (Latvian: Kastuļinas pagasts) is an administrative unit of Krāslava Municipality. From 2009 until 2021, it was part of the former Aglona Municipality. The parish center is in Priežmale, in the central part of the parish, on the eastern shore of Lake Geraņimova Ilza.

Aglona Municipality
Aglona Municipality (Latvian: Aglonas novads) was a municipality in Latgale, Latvia. The administrative centre was Aglona.

The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Aglona Parish of the dissolved Preiļi district and Grāveri Parish, Kastuļina Parish and Šķeltova Parish of the former Krāslava district. The population in 2020 was 3,099.

On 1 July 2021, Aglona Municipality ceased to exist. Aglona Parish was merged into Preiļi Municipality, and Grāveri Parish, Kastuļina Parish and Šķeltova Parish were merged into Krāslava Municipality.
Napoléon Turcot
Napoléon Turcot (30 June 1867 – 27 December 1939) was a Canadian politician.

Born in  Montreal, Quebec, Turcot was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Montréal-Laurier from 1912 to 1919.

Montréal-Laurier
Montréal-Laurier (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ʁeal loʁje]) was a former provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

It was created for the 1912 election from part of Hochelaga electoral district.  Its final election was in 1962.  It disappeared in the 1966 election and its successor electoral district was Laurier.
That's Entertainment!
That's Entertainment! is a 1974 American compilation film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to celebrate the studio's  50th anniversary. The success of the retrospective prompted a 1976 sequel, the related 1985 film That's Dancing!, and a third installment in 1994. MCA Records released a soundtrack of the music in the film in 1974.

Jimmy Durante
James Francis Durante (/dəˈrænti/ də-RAN-tee, Italian: [duˈrante]; February 10, 1893 – January 29, 1980) was an American comedian, actor, singer, and pianist. His distinctive gravelly speech, Lower East Side accent, comic language-butchery, jazz-influenced songs, and prominent nose helped make him one of the United States' most familiar and popular personalities of the 1920s through the 1970s. He often referred to his nose as the schnozzola (Italianization of the American Yiddish slang word schnoz, meaning "big nose"), and the word became his nickname.
Yves Boël
Yves Boël (12 September 1927, Brussels – 19 June 2012) was a Belgian businessman. He was a son of count René Boël and Yvonne Solvay, granddaughter of Ernest Solvay and he married countess Yolande d'Oultremont on 12 September 1977.

Yves Boël was president of the board of Sofina. With an estimated fortune of 1.418 billion euro, he was one of the wealthiest people in Belgium.

René Boël
Count René Boël (1899–1990) was a Belgian industrialist and Director of the Usine Gustave Boël. He was married to Yvonne Solvay (1896–1930), granddaughter of Ernest Solvay. They have two sons Yves Boël and Pol Boël and one daughter Antoinette Boël (1925–1982).
Advice (song)
"Advice" is a song by English rapper Cadet and English singer Deno, released on 28 August 2018. The song peaked at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart in February 2019 following Cadet's death; it had previously reached number one on the UK Independent Singles Breakers Chart in September 2018. The song has since amassed over 30 million views on YouTube. The song mentions English footballer Dele Alli where the two rappers are seen depicting the Dele Alli signature celebration in the album art. The song was included on Cadet's posthumous debut album The Rated Legend, released on 10 April 2020.

Deno (singer)
Deno Michael Mebrahtu (born 23 September 2002), known mononymously as Deno, is a British-Eritrean singer, songwriter, rapper and actor from London. His parents are originally from Eritrea, and he was raised in South London. He came to the forefront of London's afro-wave music scene beginning in 2018 with a number of viral music videos and hit songs.
Diversification (finance)
In finance, diversification is the process of allocating capital in a way that reduces the exposure to any one particular asset or risk.  A common path towards diversification is to reduce risk or volatility by investing in a variety of assets. If asset prices do not change in perfect synchrony, a diversified portfolio will have less variance than the weighted average variance of its constituent assets, and often less volatility than the least volatile of its constituents.

Diversification is one of two general techniques for reducing investment risk. The other is hedging.

Systematic risk
In finance and economics, systematic risk (in economics often called aggregate risk or undiversifiable risk) is vulnerability to events which affect aggregate outcomes such as broad market returns, total economy-wide resource holdings, or aggregate income. In many contexts, events like earthquakes, epidemics and major weather catastrophes pose aggregate risks that affect not only the distribution but also the total amount of resources. That is why it is also known as contingent risk, unplanned risk or risk events. If every possible outcome of a stochastic economic process is characterized by the same aggregate result (but potentially different distributional outcomes), the process then has no aggregate risk.
Aussie Gold
Aussie Gold is a television programme on Foxtel's The Comedy Channel, created and executive produced by Darren Chau, produced by Anthony Warrington, and hosted by Australian comedian Frank Woodley. The show hosts a programming block celebrating the very best in Australian comedy. The weekly programme has also featured special editions such as ANZAC Gold and the 20th Anniversary celebrations of Fast Forward.

An Aussie Gold promo starring Peter Helliar won Silver at the 2011 Australian Promax Awards.

Frank Woodley
Frank Woodley (né Wood; born 29 February 1968) is an Australian comedian, author and musician who is best known for his work alongside Colin Lane as part of the comedic duo Lano and Woodley. The two first performed together for almost 20 years in live shows, a television series and an album of comedic songs, before deciding to pursue individual careers in 2006. They announced their reformation in November 2017.