hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carolinian language
Carolinian is an Austronesian language originating in the Caroline Islands, but spoken in the Northern Mariana Islands. It is an official language (alongside English) of the Carolinian people. Carolinian is a threatened language according to the Catalogue of Endangered Languages (ELCat), but available data is scarce. There are approximately 3,100 native speakers in the world. Carolinian has 95% lexical similarity with Satawalese, 88% with Woleaian and Puluwatese; 81% with Mortlockese; 78% with Chuukese, 74% with Ulithian.

Mortlockese language
Mortlockese (Kapsen Mwoshulók), also known as Mortlock or Nomoi, is a language that belongs to the Chuukic group of Micronesian languages in the Federated States of Micronesia spoken primarily in the Mortlock Islands (Nomoi or Lower Mortlock Islands and the Upper Mortlock Islands). It is nearly intelligible with Satawalese, with an 18 percent intelligibility and an 82 percent lexical similarity, and Puluwatese, with a 75 percent intelligibility and an 83 percent lexical similarity. The language today has become mutually intelligible with Chuukese, though marked with a distinct Mortlockese accent. Linguistic patterns show that Mortlockese is converging with Chuukese since Mortlockese now has an 80 to 85 percent lexical similarity.

There are approximately five to seven thousand speakers of Mortlockese in the Mortlock Islands, Guam, Hawaii, and the United States. There are at least eleven different dialects that show some sort of correspondence to the Mortlock Island groups.
Codablock
Codablock is a family of stacked 1D barcodes (Codablock A,. Codablock F, Codablock 256) which was invented in Identcode Systeme GmbH in Germany in 1989 by Heinrich Oehlmann. Codablock barcodes are based on stacked Code 39 and Code 128 symbologies and have some advantages of 2D barcodes.

The barcodes were used mostly in health care industry (HIBC) and presently, Codablock codes are fully replaced by Data Matrix

Code 128
Code 128 is a high-density linear barcode symbology defined in ISO/IEC 15417:2007. It is used for alphanumeric or numeric-only barcodes. It can encode all 128 characters of ASCII and, by use of an extension symbol (FNC4), the Latin-1 characters defined in ISO/IEC 8859-1. It generally results in more compact barcodes compared to other methods like Code 39, especially when the texts contain mostly digits. Code 128 was developed by the Computer Identics Corporation in 1981.

GS1-128 (formerly known as UCC/EAN-128) is a subset of Code 128 and is used extensively worldwide in shipping and packaging industries as a product identification code for the container and pallet levels in the supply chain.
Terre Haute Terre-iers
The Terre Haute Terre-iers were a minor league baseball team based in Terre Haute, Indiana.

From 1910 to 1916, Terre Haute teams exclusively played as members of the Class B level Central League, following the 1900 through 1909 Terre Haute Hottentots, who began the tenure as members of the Central League. Following the Hottentots, Terre Haute played under four nicknames and had one winning Central League season, in 1915. The Terre Haute teams played in the Central League as the "Stags" in 1910, the "Miners' in 1911, the "Terre-iers" from 1912 to 1914 and the "Highlanders" in 1915 and 1916.

The Terre Haute "Terre-iers" nickname was a deliberate misspelling of "Terriers."

For their duration in the league, Terre Haute teams hosted Central League home minor league games at Athletic Park, the site of today's Indiana State University owned Memorial Stadium.

Terre Haute Hottentots
The Terre Haute Hottentots were a Minor League Baseball team from Terre Haute, Indiana, that played in the Northwestern League in 1891, Illinois–Iowa League in 1892, Western Interstate League in 1895, Western League in 1895, Class C Central League in 1897, 1900, and 1903 to 1909, and the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League from 1901 to 1902.
Madhuranjani
Madhuranjani (मधुरंजनी) or Madhu Ranjani, is a Hindustani classical raga from the Kafi Thaat. It is an Audav-Audav raag, (means pentatonic in ascending and descending scale). Madhuranjani is equivalent to raag Shrotasvini or Udayaravichandrika of Carnatic music. Raag Madhuranjani is formed when shudh Ni is taken instead of komal ni and omitting Ri in Raag Dhani. Some musicians also use rag Madhuvanthi in ascending and rag Shivranjini in descending for this raag. It is also similar to Patdeep if Dha and Ri is omitted. It is said to have been adopted from Carnatic raga Srotaswini. There is another combination of swaras to sing this raga where Ni komal of Kafi is also added.

Shivaranjani
Shivaranjani or Sivaranjani is a musical scale used in Indian classical music. There are two scales, one in Hindustani music and one in Carnatic music. The Hindustani rāga is a pentatonic scale, as is the Carnatic scale categorized as Audava-Audava (audava meaning 'of 5') resulting in 5 notes in the Arohanam and 5 in the Avarohanam.
Jen Jordan
Jennifer Lyn Auer Jordan (born October 17, 1974) is an American lawyer and politician who represented District 6 in the Georgia State Senate from 2017 to 2023. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was the party's nominee for Attorney General of Georgia in the 2022 election, losing to Republican incumbent Chris Carr.  In 2026, Jordan announced her candidacy for the Supreme Court of Georgia, challenging incumbent Justice Sarah Hawkins Warren.

Chris Carr (politician)
Christopher Michael Carr (born February 8, 1972) is an American lawyer and politician who has served as the 48th attorney general of Georgia since 2016. A member of the Republican Party, he was appointed by Governor Nathan Deal as Attorney General to succeed Sam Olens.

Carr was elected to a four-year term in Georgia's 2018 statewide elections and won a second term in the 2022 Georgia attorney general election. He is a candidate in the 2026 Georgia gubernatorial election.
2005 Heineken Cup final
The 2005 Heineken Cup Final was the final match of the 2004–05 Heineken Cup, the tenth season of Europe's top club rugby union competition. The match was played on 22 May 2005 at Murrayfield Stadium in Edinburgh. The match was contested by Stade Français and Toulouse, both of France. Toulouse became the competition's first three-time champions, winning the match 18–12.

2004–05 Heineken Cup
The 2004–05 Heineken Cup was the tenth edition of the Heineken Cup. Competing teams, from England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales, were divided into six pools of four, in which teams played home and away matches against each other. The winners of the pools, together with the two best runners-up, qualified for the knock-out stage. The French club Toulouse won a nail-biting final over fellow French side Stade Français by 18–12 after extra time. Toulouse became the first club to win the event three times.
Kiryat HaLeom
Kiryat HaLeom (Hebrew: קרית הלאום), also known as Kiryat HaUma (Hebrew: קרית האומה) and referred to in English as the National Precinct, is the official label of a complex in central Jerusalem that includes Kiryat HaMemshala (the government precinct), the Knesset (parliament), Sacher Park, the Menorah Garden, Wohl Rose Park and Binyanei HaUma convention center.  It was traditionally considered to be the northern part of the Givat Ram neighborhood.

International Convention Center (Jerusalem)
The International Convention Center (Hebrew: מרכז הקונגרסים הבינלאומי, Merkaz HaKongresim HaBeinLeumi), commonly known as Binyanei HaUma (Hebrew: בנייני האומה, lit. 'Buildings of the nation'), is a concert hall and convention center in Giv'at Ram in Jerusalem, Israel.
Death and funeral of Coretta Scott King
Coretta Scott King, the widow of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., died on January 30, 2006, after arriving at a rehabilitation center in Rosarito, Baja California, Mexico. Her public funeral followed eight days later at the New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in her resident state of Georgia. In keeping with her personal wishes, King was entombed next to her husband in a crypt on the grounds of the King Center for Nonviolent Social Change.

King suffered strokes throughout the year 2005, and had different brushes with diseases, including a mild heart attack. The clinic where Ms. King received medical attention gained exposure surrounding her death. The media coverage was mostly negative, and ultimately the clinic was shut down. Prior to this, King had been released from Piedmont Hospital in Atlanta after regaining some of her speech. Nearly two weeks later, King signed into the clinic in Mexico where she would eventually die.  She was seventy-eight years old.

Rosarito
Rosarito is a coastal city in Playas de Rosarito Municipality, Baja California, on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. As of 2010, the city had a population of 65,278. Located 10 miles (16 km) south of the US–Mexico border, Rosarito is a part of the greater San Diego–Tijuana region and one of the westernmost cities in Mexico. Rosarito is a major tourist destination, known for its beaches, resorts, and events like Baja Beach Fest.
George Clements
George Harold Clements (January 26, 1932 – November 25, 2019) was an African-American Catholic priest who in 1981 became the first Catholic priest in the Chicago area to adopt a child. He was also instrumental in the Black Catholic Movement, which sought to establish African-American culture in the liturgical and organizational life of the Catholic Church.

In June 1969, Clements became the second Black Catholic priest in Chicago, and was well known for his involvement in civil rights activities from that point onward. He was accused of sexual abuse in 2019, and was partially cleared that same year, shortly before his death. In April 2022, it was revealed that the Archdiocese of Chicago paid $100,000 for a claim settled posthumously against Clements concerning alleged abuse in the 1970s.

Archdiocese of Chicago
The Archdiocese of Chicago (Latin: Archidiœcesis Chicagiensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Northeastern Illinois, in the United States. The Vatican erected it as a diocese in 1843 and elevated it to an archdiocese in 1880. Cardinal Blase Joseph Cupich is the archbishop. The cathedral parish for the archdiocese is Holy Name Cathedral in Chicago.

The archdiocese serves over 2 million Catholics in Cook and Lake counties, an area of 1,411 square miles (3,650 km2). It is the metropolitan see of the province of Chicago.
USNS Fall River
USNS Fall River (JHSV-4/T-EPF-4) is the fourth Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport, which is operated by the United States Navy's Military Sealift Command (MSC). Fall River was built by Austal USA in Mobile, Alabama.

Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport
The Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport  (EPF) is a United States Navy–led shipbuilding program to provide a high-speed, shallow draft vessel intended for rapid intra-theater transport of medium-sized cargo payloads. The EPFs can reach speeds of 35–45 knots (65–83 km/h; 40–52 mph), and allow the rapid transit and deployment of conventional or special forces, equipment and supplies.

The vessels are a part of Military Sealift Command's Sealift Program. The class was previously designated as "Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV)", and redesignated in September 2015.
Constant Mews
Constant Mews FAHA (born 1954), D.Phil (Oxon) is Professor of Medieval Thought and Director, Centre for Studies in Religion and Theology, Monash University, Melbourne. He is an authority on medieval religious thought, especially on the medieval philosopher and theologian, Peter Abelard, and on interfaith dialogue. He discovered and published what are possibly the original letters exchanged between Peter Abelard and his lover, Heloise.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
Reality
Reality is the state of everything that exists, not how they might be imagined. Different cultures and academic disciplines conceptualize it in various ways.

Philosophical questions about the nature of reality, existence, or being are considered under the rubric of ontology, a major branch of metaphysics in the Western intellectual tradition. Ontological questions also feature in diverse branches of philosophy, including the philosophy of science, religion, mathematics, and logic. These include questions about whether only physical objects are real (e.g., physicalism), whether reality is fundamentally immaterial (e.g., idealism), whether hypothetical unobservable entities posited by scientific theories exist (e.g., scientific realism), whether God exists, whether numbers and other abstract objects exist, and whether possible worlds exist. Skeptics question whether any of those claims is true, and suggest more extreme postulates.

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)
Directed differentiation
Directed differentiation is a bioengineering methodology at the interface of stem cell biology, developmental biology and tissue engineering. It is essentially harnessing the potential of stem cells by constraining their differentiation in vitro toward a specific cell type or tissue of interest. Stem cells are by definition pluripotent, able to differentiate into several cell types such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, etc. Efficient directed differentiation requires a detailed understanding of the lineage and cell fate decision, often provided by developmental biology.

Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the scientific study of the processes by which animals and plants grow and develop. The field of developmental biology is further defined by its study of phenomena such as regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells within the adult organism.
Alexander Starne
Alexander Starne (November 21, 1813 – March 31, 1886) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He moved to Illinois as a young man and rose to become both 12nd Secretary of State of Illinois and 12nd Treasurer of State of Illinois.

Secretary of State of Illinois
The secretary of state of Illinois is one of the six elected executive state offices of the government of Illinois, and one of the 47 secretaries of state in the United States. The Illinois secretary of state keeps the state records, laws, library, and archives, and is the state's corporation registration, vehicle registration and driver licensing authority. The current secretary of state is Alexi Giannoulias, a Democrat who took office in 2023.
Canary Wharf tube station
Canary Wharf is a London Underground station at Canary Wharf, London. It is on the Jubilee line, between Canada Water and North Greenwich stations. It is in London fare zone 2.

The station was opened on 17 September 1999 as part of the Jubilee Line Extension. Over 40 million people pass through the station each year, making it second busiest on the London Underground outside Central London after Stratford, and also the busiest that serves only a single line.

Canada Water station
Canada Water is an interchange station in London. It is on the Jubilee line of the London Underground and the Windrush line of the London Overground, and is in London fare zone 2. The station is in Rotherhithe in the London borough of Southwark. It takes its name from Canada Water, a lake which was created from a former dock in the Port of London. London Overground services commenced on 27 April 2010, as the replacement extension of the historic tube line.
Welkait question
The Welkait question involves a controversial territorial dispute surrounding the Ethiopian area Welkait, which is situated in the present-day Tigray Region. Welkait had been an independent area but was incorporated within Begmeder province. After the Derg regime collapsed in 1991, the area was given by the TPLF government to Tigray's Western Zone.

On 19 April 2018, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed convened the Tigray and Welkait Committee counterparts in Gondar. Abiy pleaded the matter would resolved peacefully.

Western Zone, Tigray
The Western Zone (Tigrinya: ዞባ ምዕራብ) is a zone in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. It is subdivided into three woredas (districts); from north to south they are Kafta Humera, Welkait and Tsegede. The largest town is Humera. The Western Zone is bordered on the east by the North Western Zone, the south by the Amhara Region, the west by Sudan and on the north by Eritrea.

Since November 2020, as part of the Tigray War, the administration of the Western Zone was taken over by officials from the Amhara Region.
Bobo (gorilla)
Bobo  (1951–1968) was a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) who was a prominent feature of Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle, Washington, United States, from 1953 until his early death at 17 (less than half his normal lifespan). As a publicly accessible gorilla in the wake of King Kong, Bobo was one of Seattle's most prominent attractions before the construction of the  Space Needle and the introduction of professional sports to the city. After his death, Bobo's skin was stuffed and placed on display at Seattle's Museum of History and Industry. The remainder of his body was turned over to the University of Washington's Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture for research purposes; however, the skull went missing shortly after his autopsy and wasn't reunited with the rest of the skeleton until 2007.

Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture
The Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture (commonly as Burke Museum) is the natural history museum of the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. It is administered by the Arts Division of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Washington.

Established in 1899 as the Washington State Museum, the museum traces its origins to a high school naturalist club formed in 1879. The museum is the oldest in Washington state and boasts a collection of more than 16 million artifacts, including the world's largest collection of spread bird wings. The Burke Museum is the official state museum of Washington.
New York City Campaign Finance Act
The New York City Campaign Finance Act is a local law that establishes a system of public financing, disclosure, and enforcement for municipal election campaigns in New York City. It was adopted by the New York City Council on February 29, 1988, as part of a broader package of ethics reforms following several local corruption scandals. It created a voluntary small-donor matching program and an independent Campaign Finance Board (CFB) to administer and enforce the law. The Act is codified in Title 3, Chapter 7 of the New York City Administrative Code and is commonly cited as the "New York City campaign finance act".

Scholars and reform advocates have described the system created by the Act as a pioneering model of public campaign financing that encourages candidates to rely on small contributions from local residents rather than on large donors, and as an influential example for other jurisdictions in the United States.

New York City Administrative Code
The Administrative Code of the City of New York contains the codified local laws of New York City as enacted by the New York City Council and Mayor. As of February 2023, it contains 37 titles, numbered 1 through 16, 16-A, 16-B, 17 through 20, 20-A, 21, 21-A, and 22 through 33.

The Constitution of New York enumerates the powers of local governments, such as the power to elect a legislative body and adopt local laws. A local law has a status equivalent with a law enacted by the Legislature (subject to certain exceptions and restrictions), and is superior to the older forms of municipal legislation such as ordinances, resolutions, rules and regulations.
Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)
In the first Gulf of Sidra incident, 19 August 1981, two Libyan Sukhoi Su-22M3 Fitter-G fired upon two U.S. Grumman F-14A Tomcats and were subsequently shot down off the Libyan coast. Libya had claimed that the entire Gulf was their territory, at 32° 30′ N, with an exclusive 62-nautical-mile (115 km; 71 mi) fishing zone, which Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi asserted as "The Line of Death" in 1973. Two further incidents occurred in the area in 1986 and in 1989.

Gulf of Sidra
The Gulf of Sidra (Arabic: خليج السدرة, romanized: Khalij as-Sidra), also known as the Gulf of Sirte (Arabic: خليج سرت, romanized: Khalij Surt), is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the northern coast of Libya, named after the oil port of Sidra or the city of Sirte. It was also historically known as the Great Sirte or Greater Syrtis (Latin: Syrtis Major; Ancient Greek: Σύρτις μεγάλη; contrasting with Syrtis Minor on the coast of Tunisia).
Barrow-upon-Soar railway station
52°44′57.88″N 1°8′43.94″W﻿ / ﻿52.7494111°N 1.1455389°W﻿ / 52.7494111; -1.1455389

Barrow-upon-Soar railway station (formerly known as Barrow and Barrow-upon-Soar and Quorn) serves the large village of Barrow-upon-Soar in Leicestershire, England. The station is located on the Midland Main Line between Leicester and Loughborough, 108 miles 52 chains (174.9 km) north of St Pancras.

Leicester railway station
Leicester railway station (formerly Leicester Campbell Street and Leicester London Road) is a main line railway station in the city of Leicester, in Leicestershire, England. The station is managed by East Midlands Railway and owned by Network Rail. Trains are operated by CrossCountry and East Midlands Railway services. It is the busiest station in Leicestershire, the second busiest station in the East Midlands and the fifth busiest station in the Midlands as a whole.

Leicester station was opened in 1840 by the Midland Counties Railway and rebuilt in 1894 and 1978. It is on the Midland Main Line, which runs from London St Pancras to Sheffield and Nottingham. It is 99 miles 7 chains (159.5 km) north of London St Pancras.
2026 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election
An election for the leadership of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) was held on 31 January 2026 following the resignation of Mike Nesbitt as party leader on 2 January 2026. Recently co-opted MLA Jon Burrows was ratified unopposed the party's next leader.

Nesbitt was elected leader in 2024, after previously serving in the role between 2012 and 2017. Two of the party's sitting Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), namely former Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) superintendent Jon Burrows and deputy leader Robbie Butler, were expected to run for the leadership. However, Butler announced at the close of nominations on 15 January 2026 that he would not be a candidate.

2017 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election
An election for the leadership of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) was held on 8 April 2017 at the party's Annual General Meeting. Elections are held every year, with the incumbent usually reelected unopposed. The 2017 contested election was triggered after incumbent Leader Mike Nesbitt, elected in 2012, announced his intention to step down as the party leader following the 2017 Assembly election.  While initially, Robin Swann and Steve Aiken were expected to run against each other (with candidacies by Doug Beattie, Robbie Butler and Roy Beggs Jr. also considered possible), in the end only Swann ran for the position and was elected unopposed.