hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Victor Dzau
Victor Joseph Dzau PBM (Chinese: 曹文凱; pinyin: Cáo Wénkǎi; born 23 October 1945) is a Chinese-American physician and academic. He serves as the President of the United States National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) of the United States National Academy of Sciences and Vice Chair of its National Research Council. He is Chancellor Emeritus and James B. Duke Professor of Medicine at Duke University and former president and chief executive officer of Duke University Medical Center.

Pingat Bakti Masyarakat
The Pingat Bakti Masyarakat (English: Public Service Medal) is a Singaporean national honour. It was instituted in 1973. The medal may be awarded to any person who has rendered commendable public service in Singapore or for their achievement in the field of arts and letters, sports, the sciences, business, the professions and the labour movement.

Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PBM.
Shikellamy High School
Shikellamy High School is a public high school located in Sunbury, Pennsylvania, United States. The school was named after Oneida Chief Shikellamy. The building was built in 1929. In 1965, a merger between Northumberland High School and Sunbury High School created Shikellamy High School. It is part of the Shikellamy School District. It is the sole public high school for the communities of Northumberland, Point Township, Rockefeller Township, Snydertown Borough, the City of Sunbury, and Upper Augusta Township. It was a combined middle/high school between 2011 and 2016 due to the deconstruction of C.W. Rice Middle School, but Shikellamy Middle School now exists for grades 6-8 in Northumberland.

Sunbury, Pennsylvania
Sunbury (/ˈsʌnbɛri/ SUN-berr-ee) is a city and the county seat of Northumberland County in Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Susquehanna Valley, Sunbury is positioned on the east bank of the Susquehanna River.

Sunbury's roots stretch back to the early 18th century. As of the 2020 census, Sunbury had a population of 9,719. The city is one of the three principal cities in the larger Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area.

Sunbury is connected to inventor Thomas Edison. In 1883, the Hotel Edison became the first building in Sunbury to be illuminated by Edison's innovative three-wire electrical system. The hotel was later named in honor of Edison.

Sunbury is home to the Beck House and the Northumberland County Courthouse. The Sunbury Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Meja Örtengren
Meja Örtengren (born 3 January 2005) is a Swedish amateur golfer and Stanford Cardinal women's golf team player. In 2022, 17 years old, she was part of the Swedish team winning the Espirito Santo Trophy and was individual co-medalist. During 2022, she also captured her first win in a professional tournament, the Swedish PGA Championship. She won the Rolex Tournament of Champions, a leading junior tournament in the United States, back-to-back in 2021 and 2022 and the Hills Open on the Ladies European Tour in 2025.

Swedish PGA Championship (women)
The Swedish PGA Championship for women is a golf tournament played annually in Sweden since 1997. It has been an event on the Swedish Golf Tour since inception and featured on the LET Access Series since 2012.

A corresponding Swedish PGA Championship for men has been played since 1970.

There is also a Swedish club pro PGA championship, limited to club professionals in Sweden, with separate competitions for men, women and senior men categories.
Mona Lisa (film)
Mona Lisa is a 1986 British neo-noir crime drama film directed by Neil Jordan, and written by Jordan and David Leland. It was produced by HandMade Films and stars Bob Hoskins, Cathy Tyson, and Michael Caine. The film is about an ex-convict (Hoskins) who becomes entangled in the dangerous life of a high-class call girl (Tyson).

The film was nominated for multiple awards, and Hoskins was nominated for several awards for his performance (including the Academy Award for Best Actor), winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. The film takes its title from the song "Mona Lisa", which is heard throughout the film.

Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama
The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama is a Golden Globe Award that was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951. Previously, there was a single award for "Best Actor in a Motion Picture" but the splitting allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actor – Musical or Comedy.

The formal title has varied since its inception. In 2005, it was officially called: "Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama". As of 2013, the wording is "Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama".
HMS Highflyer (1898)
HMS Highflyer was the lead ship of the Highflyer-class protected cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the 1890s. It spent its early career as flagship for the East Indies and North America and West Indies Stations. It was reduced to reserve in 1908 before again becoming the flagship in the East Indies in 1911. It returned home two years later and became a training ship. When World War I began in August 1914, it was assigned to the 9th Cruiser Squadron in the Central Atlantic to intercept German commerce raiders and protect Allied shipping.

Days after the war began, it intercepted a Dutch ship carrying German troops and gold. She then sank the German armed merchant cruiser SMS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse off the coast of Spanish Sahara. Highflyer spent most of the rest of the war on convoy escort duties and was present in Halifax during the Halifax Explosion in late 1917. She became flagship of the East Indies Station after the war. The ship was sold for scrap in 1921.

East Indies Station
The East Indies Station was a formation and command of the British Royal Navy. Created in 1744 by the Admiralty, it was under the command of the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies.

Even in official documents, the term East Indies Station was often used. In 1941, the ships of the China Squadron and East Indies Squadron were merged to form the Eastern Fleet under the control of the Commander-in-Chief, Eastern Fleet. The China Station then ceased as a separate command. The East Indies Station was disbanded in 1958.

It encompassed Royal Navy Dockyards and bases in East Africa, Middle East, India and Ceylon, and other ships not attached to other fleets. For many years under rear admirals, from the 1930s the Commander-in-Chief was often an Admiral or a Vice-Admiral.
Canadian Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres
The Canadian Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres (CAML; French: Association canadienne des bibliothèques, archives et centres de documentation musicaux, ACBM) is a national association that represents music librarians across Canada. Members work in organizations that support musical activities in Canada, including libraries, archives, conservatories, and universities. The organization aims to support all aspects of music librarianship in Canada, including research and scholarship, and to cooperate with other national and international organizations concerned with music.

CAML is the Canadian branch of the International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres (IAML).

The association archives are held at Library and Archives Canada.

Library and Archives Canada
Library and Archives Canada (LAC; French: Bibliothèque et Archives Canada) is the federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving, and providing accessibility to the documentary heritage of Canada. The national archive and library is the 16th largest library in the world. The LAC reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Identity and Culture.

LAC traces its origins to the Dominion Archives, formed in 1872, and the National Library of Canada, formed in 1953. The former was later renamed as the Public Archives of Canada in 1912, and the National Archives of Canada in 1987. In 2004, the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada were merged to form Library and Archives Canada.
Mohanganj Upazila
Mohanganj (Bengali: মোহনগঞ্জ) is an upazila of Netrokona District in the Mymensingh Division of Bangladesh. It is one of the 10 upazilas of Netrakona district. Mohanganj is largely known as the capital of Lower Bangladesh as it is the economic heart of Lower Bangladesh generally known as Haor.

Upazila
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).

Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.

Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.
J. D. Doss
John David Doss (August 29, 1861 – April 14, 1927) was an American politician. He represented the 15th District in the Mississippi State Senate from 1904 to 1908, and represented Winston County in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1892 to 1904.

Winston County, Mississippi
Winston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. In the 2020 census, the population was 17,714. Its county seat is Louisville. The county is named for Louis Winston (1784–1824), a colonel in the militia, a prominent lawyer, and a judge of the Mississippi Supreme Court.

The county is the site of Nanih Waiya, an ancient mound built in the Woodland period, about 1 CE-300 CE. Since the 17th century, it has been venerated by the Choctaw people who later occupied the area. As of 2008, the mound is owned by the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, a federally-recognized tribe.
Tears from Heaven
Tears from Heaven is the fourth volume of the American comics series Love and Rockets by the Hernandez brothers, Gilbert and Jaime, and published in 1988.

The cover of the compilation is by Gilbert Hernandez, the back cover by Jaime. Gilbert and Jaime's brother, Mario Hernandez, does not participate to this book, except for one cover.

Gilbert Hernandez
Gilberto Hernández (born February 1, 1957), usually credited as Gilbert Hernandez and also by the nickname Beto (Spanish: [ˈbeto]), is an American cartoonist.  He is best known for his Palomar/Heartbreak Soup stories in Love and Rockets, an alternative comic book he shared with his brothers Jaime and Mario.
Larry Klein
Larry Klein is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer. He is based in Los Angeles.

He began his career as a bassist, playing with jazz artists Willie Bobo, Freddie Hubbard, Carmen McRae, Joe Henderson, Bobby Hutcherson, Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock, Bobby McFerrin, and Dianne Reeves. As a bass player he has also worked with artists such as Bob Dylan, Robbie Robertson, Peter Gabriel, Don Henley, Lindsey Buckingham, Randy Newman, and Joni Mitchell.

As a record producer, Klein is a four-time Grammy Award winner, for his work on albums by Joni Mitchell and Herbie Hancock, and has been nominated for six additional Grammy Awards, including three nominations for Producer of the Year. Klein has produced more than 100 albums during his career, for musicians such as Joni Mitchell, Herbie Hancock, Shawn Colvin, Holly Cole, Madeleine Peyroux, The Innocence Mission, Melody Gardot, Walter Becker and Tracy Chapman.

Joe Henderson
Joe Henderson (April 24, 1937 – June 30, 2001) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and very occasional flute player. In a career spanning more than four decades, Henderson played with many of the leading American players of his day and recorded for several prominent labels, including Blue Note, Milestone, Contemporary Records and Verve.
John Nelson-Williams
John Arnold Nelson-Williams (15 September 1932 – 13 June 2008) was a Sierra Leonean politician and Member of Parliament who was active in the politics of Sierra Leone in the  1960s.

John Nelson-Williams served as the first Minister of Broadcasting and Communication in the first postcolonial cabinet of Sierra Leone between 1961 and 1967.

As the first Minister of Broadcasting and Communication, he promoted mass media across Sierra Leone through radio and television. He was well-known in Sierra Leone for heavily introducing and promoting television broadcasting and the use of Philips transistor radios across the country.

Parliament of Sierra Leone
Parliament of Sierra Leone is the legislative branch of the government of Sierra Leone. It is principally responsible for making laws. The Sierra Leone parliament consists of 149 members, of which 135 members are directly elected from across Sierra Leone's 16 districts, while 14 are paramount chiefs appointed from the 14 rural districts. The parliament is led by the Speaker of the House; the position is currently held by Abass Bundu of the Sierra Leone People's Party. The current elected 135 ordinary members of parliament are composed of members of the All People's Congress and the Sierra Leone People's Party which are the two largest political parties in Sierra Leone.
William Edward Wells
William Edward Wells III (born October 7, 1975), dubbed the Monster of Mayport, is an American serial killer and mass murderer convicted of murdering seven people in Florida from 2003 to 2019. Wells first committed the 2003 murders of his wife and four other people (including his wife's father and brother) over an 9-day period in Mayport. Wells pleaded guilty to all the five murders and was sentenced to five consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole.

During his incarceration, Wells attempted to kill an inmate in 2008, and committed two murders of his fellow prisoners in prison, one in 2011 and another in 2019. For the 2008 attempted murder and 2011 murder of Xavier Rodriguez, Wells was handed an additional two terms of life imprisonment, while for the 2019 case, Wells and another prisoner were both sentenced to death for the murder of convicted burglar William Chapman. Wells is currently on death row awaiting execution, for which a date has yet to be scheduled.

Capital punishment in Florida
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Florida.

Since 1976, the state has executed 127 convicted murderers, all at Florida State Prison. As of February 24, 2026, 250 offenders are awaiting execution.
1995 FIFA World Youth Championship
The 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship, known as the 1995 FIFA/Coca-Cola World Youth Championship for sponsorship purposes, was the 10th edition of the FIFA World Youth Championship. It was held in Qatar from 13 to 28 April 1995. The tournament took place in three venues within the city of Doha. The tournament was originally going to be held in Nigeria, but due to the meningitis outbreak, it withdrew from hosting duties. FIFA relocated the event to Qatar.

FIFA U-20 World Cup
The FIFA U-20 World Cup is the biennial football world championship tournament for FIFA members' men's national teams with players under the age of 20. The competition has been staged every two years since the inaugural tournament in 1977 when it was hosted by Tunisia under the tournament name of FIFA World Youth Championship until 2005. In 2007 the name was changed to its present form. FIFA bills the men's Under-20 World Cup as "the tournament of tomorrow's superstars." Diego Maradona, Lionel Messi and Paul Pogba are previous winners of the official player of the tournament award, and Erling Haaland was the top scorer at the 2019 edition. The reigning champions are Morocco, which won their first title at the 2025 tournament in Chile.
Frans Nielsen
Frans Nielsen (born 24 April 1984) is a Danish former professional ice hockey forward who played with the New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings in the National Hockey League (NHL). Nielsen was the first Danish citizen to play in the NHL. Internationally, he played for the Denmark men's national team and was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame.

Denmark men's national ice hockey team
The Danish national men's ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team for Denmark. The team is controlled by Danmarks Ishockey Union. It was founded in 1949, and as of 2022, the Danish team was ranked 10th in the IIHF World Rankings. Denmark currently has 4,255 players (0.07% of its population). Their coach is Swedish Mikael Gath. Denmark once held the record for the largest loss when they were defeated by Canada in 1949, 47–0, only being surpassed by New Zealand who were defeated by Australia 58–0 in 1987.
Social class in ancient Rome
Social class in ancient Rome was hierarchical, with multiple and overlapping social hierarchies. An individual's relative position in one might be higher or lower than in another, which complicated the social composition of Rome.

The status of freeborn Romans during the Republic was established by:

Ancestry (patrician or plebeian).

Census rank (ordo) based on wealth and political privilege, with the senatorial and equestrian ranks elevated above the ordinary citizen.

Gender.

Citizenship, of which there were varying types

The commoners and slaves were in the lower class

Roman citizenship
Citizenship in ancient Rome (Latin: civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance. Citizenship in ancient Rome was complex and based upon many different laws, traditions, and cultural practices. There existed several different types of citizenship, determined by one's gender, class, and political affiliations, and the exact duties or expectations of a citizen varied throughout the history of the Roman Empire.
Ha Ki-rak
Ha Ki-Rak (Korean: 하기락; 1912–1997) was a Korean historian, political philosopher and anarchist activist. A student activist in the Korean independence movement, he went on to become a leading figure in the anarchist movement in South Korea. He led a number of Korean anarchist organisations and led protests at Kyungpook National University during the April Revolution. During the years of the Fourth Republic of Korea, he established a number of organisations, and wrote and translated works on anarchism. He then participated in the re-organisation of the Korean anarchist movement following the country's transition to democracy.

Anarchism in Korea
Anarchism in Korea dates back to the Korean independence movement in Korea under Japanese rule (1910-1945). Korean anarchists federated across their end of the continent, including forming groups on the Japanese mainland and in Manchuria, but their efforts were perforated by regional and world wars.
Professional sports in Canada
There are professional teams based in Canada in several professional sports leagues. The National Hockey League currently has seven Canadian franchises and is the most popular professional sports league in Canada. The Canadian Football League, Canadian Elite Basketball League, Canadian Premier League, and Northern Super League are the only all-Canadian major professional sports league. Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, the National Basketball Association, and the Professional Women's Hockey League also have Canadian teams.

Northern Super League
The Northern Super League (NSL; French: Super Ligue du Nord-SLN) is a top-division professional women's soccer league in Canada. The league is owned and operated by Project 8 Sports, and includes six teams: Calgary Wild FC, Halifax Tides FC, Montreal Roses FC, Ottawa Rapid FC, AFC Toronto, and Vancouver Rise FC. The league played its first matches in April 2025.
Madhava of Sangamagrama
Mādhava of Sangamagrāma (Mādhavan) (c. 1340 – c. 1425) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who is considered to be the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics in the Late Middle Ages. Madhava made pioneering contributions to the study of infinite series, trigonometry, geometry and algebra. He was the first to use infinite series approximations for a range of trigonometric functions, which has been called the "decisive step onward from the finite procedures of ancient mathematics to treat their limit-passage to infinity".

Nilakantha Somayaji
Keļallur Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji (14 June 1444 – 1544), also referred to as Keļallur Comatiri, was a mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. One of his most influential works was the comprehensive astronomical treatise Tantrasamgraha completed in 1501. He had also composed an elaborate commentary on Aryabhatiya called  the Aryabhatiya Bhasya. In this Bhasya, Nilakantha had discussed  infinite series expansions of trigonometric functions and  problems of algebra and spherical geometry. Grahapariksakrama is a manual on making observations in astronomy based on instruments of the time.
Alexander Jack
Alexander Jack, CB (19 October 1805 – 27 June 1857) was a Scottish officer in the service of the East India Company in the Bengal Army. He was educated at King's College, Aberdeen. He was with the 30th Bengal Native Infantry at Aliwal, and acted as brigadier of the force sent against Kangra, in 1846, during the First Sikh War. He commanded his battalion in the Second Sikh War; was promoted colonel in 1854, and brigadier in 1857. He was treacherously shot and killed during the Cawnpore massacre in June 1857.

Siege of Cawnpore
The siege of Cawnpore was a key episode in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The besieged East India Company forces and civilians in Cawnpore (now Kanpur) were duped into a false assurance of a safe passage to Allahabad by the rebel forces under Nana Sahib. Their evacuation from Cawnpore thus turned into a massacre; most of the men were killed, while women and children were taken to a nearby dwelling known as Bibi Ghar. As an East India Company rescue force from Allahabad approached Cawnpore, around 200 British women and children captured by the rebels were butchered in what came to be known as the Bibi Ghar massacre, their remains then thrown down a nearby well. Following the recapture of Cawnpore and the discovery of the massacre, the angry Company forces engaged in widespread retaliation against captured rebel soldiers and local civilians. The murders greatly enraged the British rank-and-file against the sepoy rebels and inspired the war cry "Remember Cawnpore!".
1174–1177 Suzdalian war of succession
The Suzdalian war of succession of 1174–1177 was a war of succession in Vladimir-Suzdal (Suzdalia), a complex of principalities in the northeast of Kievan Rus'. The casus belli was the assassination of prince Andrey Bogolyubsky on 28 June 1174 by his own boyars. Immediately, his surviving step-brothers, son and nephews started fighting amongst themselves about who had the right to succeed him. The conflict would not be resolved until Vsevolod Yurievich "the Big Nest" had defeated his other brothers and his nephews, and seized power across Suzdalia in 1177.

Battle of Lipitsa
The Battle of Lipitsa (Russian: Ли́пицкая би́тва) was the decisive battle in the Vladimir-Suzdal war of succession (1212–1216), the struggle over the grand princely throne of Vladimir following the death of Vsevolod the Big Nest. In the battle, fought on 22 April 1216, the forces of Mstislav the Bold and Konstantin Vsevolodovich defeated those of Konstantin's younger brothers Yuri Vsevolodovich and Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Konstantin took the throne of Vladimir and reigned as grand prince until his death two years later.