hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constance Smith (tennis)
Constance Laura Mary Smith (1860 – 27 October 1934), also known as Constance Langley Smith, was an English tennis player active in the very early years of women's tennis in the 19th century. She was a finalist at the prestigious Northern Championships where she lost to Ireland's May Langrishe. She was active from 1881 to 1891 and won 2 career singles titles.

May Langrishe
Mary Isabella "May" Langrishe (31 December 1864 – 24 January 1939) was an Irish tennis player. In the most important tennis tournaments of the late 19th century she won the singles title at the presitigous Irish Championships held at the Fitzwilliam Lawn Tennis Club three times in 1879, 1883 and 1886, the Northern Championships in 1880, and was a semi finalist at the Wimbledon Championships in 1891. She was active between 1879 and 1892 and won 20 career singles titles.
Sudhir (Indian actor)
Bhagwandas Moolchand Luthria (1944 – 12 May 2014), better known as Sudhir, was an Indian actor in Hindi cinema.  He was best known for his role in the films a war-drama film Haqeeqat , Khote Sikkay and Dharmatma with Feroz Khan , Satte Pe Satta with Amitabh Bachchan , Hare Rama Hare Krishna,Gambler and Joshila with  Dev Anand . He acted in over 200 films in a career spanning from 1962 to 2009. He acted as both Lead and character actor in movies. As an lead and supporting actor in 60s and as a character actor mainly as villian after Mid 70s  . He was one of Bollywood's best known villains from the 1970s through the 1990s.

Feroz Khan (actor)
Feroz Khan (born Zulfiqar Ali Shah Khan; 25 September 1939 — 27 April 2009) was an Indian actor, film editor, producer and director best known for his work in Indian cinema. He appeared in over 60 films throughout his career and became one of Bollywood's popular style icons. Feroz Khan rose to prominence with Phani Majumdar's drama film Oonche Log (1965), and starred in successful Hindi films, such as Arzoo (1965), Aag (1967), Safar (1970), Mela (1971), Apradh (1972), Geeta Mera Naam (1974), Khotte Sikkay (1974), Kaala Sona (1975), Dharmatma (1975), Nagin (1976), Shankar Shambhu (1976) and Qurbani (1980). The 2007 superhit Welcome (2007), was his final film.

He won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for Aadmi Aur Insaan (1969) in 1970, and was honored with the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000. He has been called "Clint Eastwood of India".
Giovanni Dario
Giovanni Dario (Latin: Johannes Darius, Greek: Ἰωάννης Δαρεῖος; 1414–1494) was a Venetian official who served multiple times as ambassador of the Republic of Venice. His family hailed from Crete, a Venetian colony at the time; his knowledge of Greek allowed him to serve as interpreter and envoy to Constantinople during the last years of the Byzantine Empire. After the Fall of Constantinople he rose to the position of secretary of the Duke of Crete, and from 1464 entered service with the Signoria of Venice. He was repeatedly sent as ambassador to the court of the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate, most notably helping conclude the First Ottoman–Venetian War in 1479.

Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)
The First Ottoman–Venetian War was fought between the Republic of Venice with its allies and the Ottoman Empire from 1463 to 1479. Fought shortly after the capture of Constantinople and the remnants of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottomans, it resulted in the loss of several Venetian holdings in Albania and Greece, most importantly the island of Negroponte (Euboea), which had been a Venetian protectorate for centuries. The war also saw the rapid expansion of the Ottoman navy, which became able to challenge the Venetians and the Knights Hospitaller for supremacy in the Aegean Sea. In the closing years of the war, however, the Republic managed to recoup its losses by the de facto acquisition of the Crusader Kingdom of Cyprus.
Nora Bernard
Nora Bernard ONS (September 22, 1935 – December 26, 2007) was a Canadian Mi'kmaq activist who sought compensation for survivors of the Canadian Indian residential school system. She was directly responsible for what became the largest class-action lawsuit in Canadian history, representing an estimated 79,000 survivors; the Canadian government settled the lawsuit in 2005 for more than C$5 billion.

Order of Nova Scotia
The Order of Nova Scotia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The order was instituted through the Order of Nova Scotia Act on 1 June 2001, with the first appointments beginning in 2002. The order is intended to honour current or former Nova Scotia residents who have demonstrated a high level of individual excellence and achievement, thus being described as the highest honour amongst all those conferred by the Nova Scotia Crown. The lieutenant governor is Chancellor of the order, and is responsible for inducting new members.
Jiří Trnka
Jiří Trnka (none [ˈjɪr̝iː ˈtr̩ŋka]; 24 February 1912 – 30 December 1969) was a Czech puppet-maker, illustrator, motion-picture animator and film director.

In addition to his extensive career as an illustrator, especially of children's books, he is best known for his work in animation with puppets, which began in 1946. Most of his films were intended for adults and many were adaptations of literary works. Because of his influence in animation, he was called "the Walt Disney of Eastern Europe", despite the great differences between their works. He received the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal for illustrators in 1968, recognizing his career contribution to children's literature.

Hans Christian Andersen Award
The Hans Christian Andersen Awards are two literary awards given by the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY), recognising one living author and one living illustrator for their "lasting contribution to children's literature". The writing award was first given in 1956, the illustration award in 1966. The former is sometimes called the "Nobel Prize for children's literature".

The awards are named after Hans Christian Andersen, a 19th-century Danish author of fairy tales, and each winner receives the Hans Christian Andersen Medaille (a gold medal with the bust of Andersen) and a diploma. Medals are presented at the biennial IBBY Congress.
WAPDA House
The WAPDA House (Urdu/Punjabi: واپڈا ہاؤس) is a nine-story office building located in Lahore, Pakistan, that serves as the headquarters of the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). It is one of several prominent government buildings located at Charing Cross on Lahore's Mall Road, officially known as Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam. The building shares views of the Punjab Provincial Assembly, Islamic Summit Minar, Masonic Lodge, and other key landmarks.

It was designed by the American architect Edward Durell Stone, and completed in 1967.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
Tenri Sanrinkō
Tenri Sanrinkō (Japanese: 天理三輪講) was a Tenrikyo-based shinshūkyō (Japanese new religion) that became formally independent in 1933 under its founder, Katsu Hisano (勝ヒサノ) who was a follower of Honmichi, then called Tenri Hondō at that time. Formerly based in Osaka Prefecture, it no longer exists today; however, some new religions claim or recognize their past history ultimately from it through their founders, such as Kami Ichijōkyō, Sekai Shindōkyō, or even further to Ōkanmichi (おうかんみち) and Kanrodai Reiri Shidōkai (甘露台霊理斯道会; also known by the name of its main temple, Yamato Daijingū 皇和大親宮). Adherents of Tenri Sanrinkō followed the tradition of Honmichi by revering the leader as the living kanrodai. The kō (講) in Tenri Sanrinkō refers to confraternity in Japanese religious parlance.

Ōkanmichi
Ōkanmichi (Japanese: おうかんみち) is a Tenrikyo-based shinshūkyō (Japanese new religion) that was organized by its founder, Egami Toshitane (江上寿胤), as a successor organization of Tenri Kami no Kuchiake Basho. It is currently based in Nasu District, Tochigi Prefecture.
Kornilov Shock Regiment
The Kornilov Shock Regiment (Russian: Корни́ловский уда́рный полк), previously the 1st Shock Detachment (Russian: 1-й Ударный отряд) and also called Kornilovites (корниловцы), was a shock unit of the Russian Army founded during World War I that later was part of the Volunteer Army during the Russian Civil War. It became the last regiment of the Russian Army to be formed and the first regiment of the Volunteer Army.

Battalions of Death
The Battalions of Death (Russian: батальо́ны сме́рти), also called shock battalions (Russian: уда́рные батальо́ны), were infantry shock troops established by the Russian Imperial Army during World War I.

There were two different types of these units: the "battalions of death" were formed using many civilian volunteers recruited across Russia and given a short training in stormtrooper tactics with grenades. The "shock battalions" were created from soldiers of existing military units, in some cases with entire regiments being designated as shock units, and received additional training with grenades and machine guns. All of the shock unit members were able to wear red and black chevrons and the death's head skull insignia. The volunteers for these units mainly came from officers, sergeants, or civilians, while the ordinary soldiers were less likely to join.
Gerard Vaughan (art historian)
Gerard Ronald Vaughan AM FAHA (born 27 September 1953) is an Australian art historian and curator. He was director of the National Gallery of Victoria from 1999 to 2012, and was director of the National Gallery of Australia from 2014 to 2018.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
Positioning (marketing)
In marketing, positioning is the mental perception of a product or brand by customers. Brand and product positioning methods include product differentiation, advertising, market segmentation, and business models such as the marketing mix.

The origins of the concept of positioning concept are unclear. Scholars suggest that it may have emerged from the burgeoning advertising industry in the period following World War I. The concept was popularised by advertising executives Al Ries and Jack Trout and further developed by academics Schaefer and Kuehlwein, who extended the concept to include the meaning carried by a brand. Positioning is now a regular marketing activity and forms part of overarching marketing strategy theory.

Marketing strategy
Marketing strategy refers to the set of coordinated actions undertaken by an organization to increase sales, strengthen market presence, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. It provides a structured and deliberate approach to promoting products or services by aligning organizational resources, market insights, and long-term objectives through systematic planning and analysis.

The field of strategic marketing emerged during the 1970s and 1980s as a distinct discipline, evolving from strategic management. Its central concern is the relationship between organizations and their markets, with particular emphasis on understanding customer needs and leveraging internal capabilities to create value that competitors cannot easily replicate. In recent years, digital technologies have significantly reshaped marketing strategy by enabling data driven decision making, personalized engagement, and real time performance measurement.
St. Veronica Church (Manhattan)
40°43′59″N 74°00′29″W﻿ / ﻿40.732983°N 74.008061°W﻿ / 40.732983; -74.008061

The Church of St. Veronica was a Roman Catholic parish church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 153 Christopher Street between Greenwich and Washington Streets in the West Village area of the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The parish was established in 1887, and the church was built between 1890 and 1903. It is located within the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission's Greenwich Village Historic District Extension I, which was designated in 2006.

Washington Street (Manhattan)
Washington Street is a north–south street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs in several distinct pieces, from its northernmost end at 14th Street in the Meatpacking District to its southern end at Battery Place in Battery Park City. Washington Street is, for most of its length, the westernmost street in lower Manhattan other than West Street. The exceptions are a one-block segment in the West Village where Weehawken Street lies between West and Washington Streets, and in Battery Park City.

Main east–west streets crossed include (from north to south) Christopher Street, Houston Street and Canal Street; neighborhoods traversed include the Meatpacking District, the West Village, Hudson Square and Tribeca. At points north of Canal Street, traffic on Washington Street travels south; at points south of Canal Street, it travels north.
Edinburgh Comedy Festival
Edinburgh Comedy Festival was a short-lived festival of comedy shows which operated during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in August 2008 and 2009. Effectively a marketing campaign for the "Big Four" venues at the Fringe - Assembly, Gilded Balloon, Pleasance and Underbelly - the designation was quietly dropped after widespread media and industry criticism.

Gilded Balloon
Gilded Balloon is a producer and promoter of live entertainment events, based in Edinburgh, Scotland, and best known as one of the Big Four venue operators at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe each August.

The company has its origins in a venue known as The Gilded Balloon on Edinburgh's Cowgate, where artistic director Karen Koren first started promoting comedy events in 1986. When a fire in 2002 destroyed the original premises, Gilded Balloon shifted its Fringe operations to Teviot Row House in Bristo Square, which became the company's main venue.

Gilded Balloon also operates outside the Fringe, running year round events at the Rose Theatre, Edinburgh.
Trishogi
Trishogi is a shogi variant for two players created by George R. Dekle Sr. in 1987. The gameboard comprises 9×10 interlocking triangular cells. The game is in all respects the same as shogi, except that piece moves have been transfigured for the triangular board-cell geometry.

Trishogi was included in World Game Review No. 10 edited by Michael Keller.

Shogi variant
A shogi variant is a game related to or derived from shogi (Japanese chess). Many shogi variants have been developed over the centuries, ranging from some of the largest chess-type games ever played to some of the smallest. A few of these variants are still regularly played, though none are as popular as shogi itself.

The drop rule, often considered the most notable feature of shogi, is absent from most shogi variants, which therefore play more like other forms of chess, with the board becoming less crowded as pieces are exchanged. This is especially true for variants larger than shogi itself. In fact, the largest well-known variant that features the drop rule is the 11×11 game wa shogi.
Ladislaus of Ilok
Ladislaus of Ilok (in Latin sources Ladislaus de Wylak, de Illoch, de Voilack, Croatian: Ladislav Iločki, Hungarian: Újlaki  László; c. mid-14th century – 1418) was a Croato–Hungarian nobleman, a member of the Iločki noble family (Hungarian: Újlaki család). He held the dignity of Ban of Macsó (Mačva) (1402–1403 and 1410–1418), as well as župan (ispán, count) of Baranya, Bodrog, Srijem, Vukovar and Tolna in the associated kingdoms Hungary and Croatia.

Valkó County
Valkó County (Hungarian: Valkó vármegye, Croatian: Vukovska županija, Serbian: Вуковска жупанија) was an administrative unit (county) of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. It was established in the 13th century, and included most territories of the present day Vukovar-Syrmia County, in modern Croatia, and western parts of the present day Syrmia District, in modern Serbia. The most important cities of the county were Vukovar and Ilok. Its territory was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in the first half of the 16th century.

The region was liberated during the Austro-Turkish War (1683-1699), but the county was not reestablished, since its territory was incorporated into the newly created Syrmia County.
Cosworth CR
The Cosworth CR is a series of 3.0-litre, naturally-aspirated V10 Formula One engines, designed by Cosworth in partnership and collaboration with Ford; used between 1999 and 2005. The customer engines were used by Stewart, Jaguar, Arrows, Jordan, and Minardi.

V10 engine
A V10 engine is a ten-cylinder piston engine where two banks of five cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft.  V10 engines are much less common than V8 and V12 engines. Several V10 diesel engines have been produced since 1965, and V10 petrol engines for road cars were first produced in 1992 with the release of the Dodge Viper.
Chŏngjagwan
Chengzhiguan , or Chŏngjagwan (Korean: 정자관; Hanja: 程子冠) is a type of kwanmo (관모; 冠帽). It is a Chinese and Korean traditional men's hat in Hanbok. It was first seen in the Five Dynasties period at the latest. In the Song Dynasty, two notable Confucian scholars, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, often wore this kind of hat, so they were also known as Cheng hats (程子冠). The system of chŏngjagwan is slightly modified following the barrel-shaped dongpo hat of the Song Dynasty. It is mainly woven with horsetail hair, and it was a hat worn by men from the yangban, the upper class of the Joseon period. It was mostly worn at home as a daily headgear instead of a gat, a formal headgear. Chŏngjagwan is made with horse hair.

Gat (hat)
A gat (Korean: 갓; pronounced [kat̚]) is a Korean traditional hat worn by men along with hanbok (Korean traditional clothing) during the Joseon period. It is made from bamboo or horsehair with a bamboo frame and is partly transparent.

Most gat are cylindrical in shape with a wide brim on a bamboo frame. Before the late 19th century, only noble class men could wear gat, which represented their social status and protected topknots.

Artisans who make gat are called ganniljang (갓일장), from gannil (갓일, a compound of two words gat and il (work); "gat making") + jang (장; 匠 "artisan, craftsperson, master of a craft"). As gannil requires artisanship throughout a complex series of techniques involving an array of materials, it has been designated as Intangible Cultural Property No. 4 on December 24, 1964.
Approbative
In linguistics, approbatives are words or grammatical forms that denote a positive affect; that is, they express the appreciation or approval of the speaker. !Claro! (Spanish) and "Gotcha!" (English) are examples.

Sometimes a term may begin as a pejorative word and eventually be adopted in an approbative sense. In historical linguistics, this phenomenon is known as amelioration. Examples from English include "punk", "nerd", "badass", "sick", and "killer".

Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.
Sprinkler fitting
Sprinkler fitting is a skilled trade that consists of assembling, installing, testing, repairing, inspecting, and certifying  automatic fire suppression systems and their associated piping in commercial, industrial and residential buildings.

Sprinkler systems installed by sprinkler fitters can include the underground supply as well as integrated overhead piping systems and standpipes. The fire suppression piping may contain water, air (in a dry system), antifreeze, gas or chemicals as in a hood system, or a mixture producing fire retardant foam. Sprinkler fitters work with a variety of pipe and tubing materials including several types of plastic, copper, steel, cast iron, and ductile iron.

Automatic fire suppression
Automatic fire suppression systems control and extinguish fires without human intervention. Examples of automatic systems include fire sprinkler system, gaseous fire suppression, and condensed aerosol fire suppression. When fires are extinguished in the early stages loss of life is minimal since 93% of all fire-related deaths occur once the fire has progressed beyond the early stages.
Ajendra Bahadur Singh
Vice Admiral Ajendra Bahadur Singh, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC is a former flag officer of the Indian Navy. He last served as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C), Western Naval Command from 29 November 2021 succeeding Vice Admiral R. Hari Kumar on his elevation. Previously, he served as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C), Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy. He assumed the position on 1 March 2021 after the appointment of Vice Admiral Atul Kumar Jain as the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff. He was the Deputy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Doctrine Organisation Training) and served Chief of Staff, Western Naval Command prior to this appointment.

Atul Kumar Jain
Vice Admiral Atul Kumar Jain PVSM, AVSM, VSM is a retired Indian naval officer who served as the 2nd Vice Chief of Defence Staff of India. He assumed the position on 28 February 2021. Previously, he  served as Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy.
Salihu Sagir Takai
Salihu Sagir Takai is a Nigerian politician, an educationist, was a commissioner of Governor Malam Ibrahim Shekarau and the former chairman of Takai Local Government Area of Kano State and the 3 times Gubernatorial candidate of three parties ANPP (2011), PDP (2015),PRP (2019) and APC(2020).

Ibrahim Shekarau
Ibrahim Shekarau Listenⓘ
(born 5 November 1955) is a former Nigerian minister of education and two-term Governor of Kano State in Nigeria. He was elected in April 2003 and re-elected in April 2007. He is a member of the Peoples Democratic  Party (PDP). He was one of the candidates who aspired to become president in the Nigerian general elections of 2011.
Belgian Sport Horse
The Belgian Sport Horse, Dutch: Belgisch Sportpaard, French: Cheval de Sport Belge, is a Belgian breed of warmblood sport horse. It is one of three Belgian warmblood breeds or stud-books, the others being the Belgian Warmblood and the Zangersheide. It is bred for dressage, for show-jumping and for three-day eventing.: 164

Warmblood
Warmbloods are a group of middle-weight horse types and breeds primarily originating in Europe and registered with organizations that are characterized by open studbook policy, studbook selection, and the aim of breeding for equestrian sport.