hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elections in the District of Columbia
Elections in the District of Columbia are held to fill various district and federal seats. The District of Columbia holds general elections every two years to fill various D.C. government offices, including mayor, attorney general, members of the D.C. Council, members of the D.C. State Board of Education, and members of its Advisory Neighborhood Commissions. Special elections may be held to fill vacancies at other points in time. Additionally, citywide ballot measures may be proposed and voted on.

District of Columbia State Board of Education
The District of Columbia State Board of Education (SBOE) is an independent executive branch agency of the Government of the District of Columbia, in the United States. The SBOE provides advocacy and policy guidance for the District of Columbia Public Schools, and works with the Chancellor of the District of Columbia Public Schools and the District of Columbia State Superintendent of Education. Charter schools are overseen by the District of Columbia Public Charter School Board.
31st/42nd Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment
The 31st/42nd Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment (31/42 RQR) is a Reserve infantry battalion of the Australian Army. One of three battalions of the Royal Queensland Regiment, it was formed in early 2008 through the amalgamation of the 31st Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment and the 42nd Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment, 31/42 RQR draws its personnel from various locations in Northern and Central Queensland and currently forms part of the 11th Brigade.

Central Queensland
Central Queensland is an imprecisely defined geographical division of Queensland (a state in Australia) that centres on the eastern coast, around the Tropic of Capricorn. Its major regional centre is Rockhampton. The region extends from the Capricorn Coast west to the Central Highlands at Emerald, north to the Mackay Regional Council southern boundary, and south to Gladstone. The region is also known as Capricornia. It is one of Australia's main coal exporting regions.

At the 2011 Australian Census the region recorded a total population from the six local government areas of 233,931.
Winifred B. Chase
Ethel Winifred Bennett Chase (19 December 1877 – 26 August 1949) was an American botanist, a professor of botany and the dean of women at what is now Wayne State University. Chase was a member of a South Pacific botanical expedition led by Josephine E. Tilden in 1909–1910 and collected scientifically significant botanical specimens during that expedition. She was an active member of both Delta Delta Delta and the P.E.O Sisterhood and served in various administrative positions with both organisations.

P.E.O. Sisterhood
The P.E.O. Sisterhood (Philanthropic Educational Organization) is a U.S.-based international women's organization of about 197,000 members, with a primary focus on providing educational opportunities for female students worldwide. The Sisterhood is headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa, with chapters throughout the United States and Canada. Among other projects, it owns and supports Cottey College, an independent college for women in Nevada, Missouri.
Greater Binanderean languages
The Greater Binanderean or Guhu-Oro languages are a language family spoken along the northeast coast of the Papuan Peninsula – the "Bird's Tail" of New Guinea – and appear to be a recent expansion from the north. They were classified as a branch of the Trans–New Guinea languages by Stephen Wurm (1975) and Malcolm Ross (2005), but removed (along with the related Goilalan languages) by Timothy Usher (2020). The Binandere family proper is transparently valid; Ross connected it to the Guhu-Semane isolate based on pronominal evidence, and this has been confirmed by Smallhorn (2011). Proto-Binanderean (which excludes Guhu-Samane) has been reconstructed in Smallhorn (2011).

Korafe language
Korafe is a Papuan language spoken in Oro Province, in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea. It is part of the Binanderean family of the Trans–New Guinea phylum of languages. Korafe or could also be called Kailikaili, Kaire, Korafe, Korafi, Korape, and Kwarafe is a language spoken in the Oro Province more specifically in the Tufi District, and Cape Nelson Headlands.

Korafe has been heavily influenced by Oceanic languages.
Mohamad Haidar
Mohamad Faouzi Haidar (Arabic: محمد فوزي حيدر, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: [mˈħammad ˈfawzi ˈħajdar, -ze]; born 8 November 1989) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a winger or attacking midfielder for Lebanese Premier League club Ahed and captains the Lebanon national team.

Coming through the youth system, Haidar began his senior career in 2008 at hometown club Tadamon Sour, before moving to Safa in 2011. After two seasons Haidar moved abroad, first to Al-Ittihad and Al-Fateh in Saudi Arabia, then to Amanat Baghdad in Iraq. He returned to Safa in 2015, before joining Ahed the following season.

Haidar represented Lebanon internationally since 2011, playing in the 2019 AFC Asian Cup, Lebanon's first participation through qualification. He also played in the 2014, 2018, and 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, and 2015 and 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualifiers.

2015 AFC Asian Cup qualification
The 2015 AFC Asian Cup qualification was a qualification process organized by the AFC to determine the participating teams for the 2015 AFC Asian Cup. The 2015 AFC Asian Cup, hosted by Australia, featured 16 teams.

In the initial scheme, ten places were determined by qualification matches, while six places were reserved for the following:

Hosts (Australia)

Top three finishers in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup (Japan, Australia, and South Korea)

Winners of the 2012 AFC Challenge Cup (North Korea)

Winners of the 2014 AFC Challenge Cup (Palestine)

As the host nation Australia also finished as runners-up in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup, the initial 6 automatic qualification spots were reduced to 5, with a total of 11 spots eventually determined by the qualification matches, in which 20 AFC members compete.
Ruth Nicholson
Ruth Nicholson FRCOG (2 December 1884 -18 July 1963) was an English obstetrician and gynaecologist who served as a surgeon in the Scottish Women's Hospital at Royaumont, France during the First World War. For this work she was awarded the Croix de Guerre and the Médaille d’Honneur des Épidémies by the French government. After the war she specialised in obstetrics and gynaecology as Clinical Lecturer and Gynaecological Surgeon at the University of Liverpool with consultant appointments at Liverpool hospitals. She was a founder member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in 1929, being elevated to fellow of the college in 1931.

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) is a professional association based in London, United Kingdom. Its members, including people with and without medical degrees, work in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology, that is, pregnancy, childbirth, and female sexual and reproductive health. The college has over 16,000 members in over 100 countries with nearly 50% of those residing outside the British Isles. Catherine, Princess of Wales became the RCOG's patron in 2018.

The college's primary object is given as "The encouragement of the study and the advancement of the science and practice of obstetrics and gynaecology", although its governing documents impose no specific restrictions on its operation. Its present offices are based in London Bridge. Previously, the offices were located near Regent's Park in Central London.
Solar eclipse of May 7, 1902
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Wednesday, May 7 and Thursday, May 8, 1902, with a magnitude of 0.8593. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Eastern Oceania.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Katharine Hayhoe
Katharine Anne Scott Hayhoe (born 1972) is a Canadian atmospheric scientist. She is a Paul Whitfield Horn Distinguished Professor and an Endowed Chair in Public Policy and Public Law at the Texas Tech University Department of Political Science. In 2021, Hayhoe joined the Nature Conservancy as Chief Scientist.

Andrew Farley (author)
Andrew Farley (born October 31, 1972) is an American evangelical Christian, the author of eleven best-selling books, including The Naked Gospel and God Without Religion, and the lead pastor of The Grace Church, with campuses in Dallas and in Lubbock, Texas. For fifteen years, he served as a professor of Applied Linguistics at University of Notre Dame and at Texas Tech University. His program, The Grace Message with Dr. Andrew Farley, airs across North America on both SiriusXM and TBN television network.
Odor-Eaters
Odor-Eaters is an American brand of foot-care products designed to reduce foot odor. The line started with insoles that are made of latex and contain activated carbon, which neutralizes odors. As of January 2011, the brand is owned by Blistex Inc.

Shoe insert
A removable shoe insert, otherwise known as a foot orthosis, orthotic, insole or inner sole, accomplishes many purposes, including daily wear comfort, height enhancement, plantar fasciitis treatment, arch support, foot and joint pain relief from arthritis, overuse, injuries, leg length discrepancy, and other causes such as orthopedic correction and athletic performance.

Medical use of foot orthoses has been criticized as lacking evidence of benefit, and practice is very inconsistent: reputed podiatrists prescribe completely different orthoses for a single patient. Further, effect of a given design of orthosis varies significantly by patient, and standard practice to personalize prescription is not available. However, evidence is mixed: patients often report at least short-term improvements in comfort, and other studies have found effectiveness.
Glucosepane
Glucosepane is a lysine-arginine protein cross-linking product and advanced glycation end product (AGE) derived from D-glucose. It is an irreversible, covalent cross-link product that has been found to make intermolecular and intramolecular cross-links in the collagen of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and crystallin of the eyes. Covalent protein cross-links irreversibly link proteins together in the ECM of tissues. Glucosepane is present in human tissues at levels 10 to 1000 times higher than any other cross-linking AGE, and is currently considered to be the most important cross-linking AGE.

Advanced glycation end-product
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are proteins or lipids that become glycated after exposure to sugars. They are formed through a series of non-enzymatic reactions explained in further detail below, and their accumulation is associated with a variety of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, age-related macular degeneration (even in non-diabetic animals), and Alzheimer's disease.
Tesla Cybercab
The Tesla Cybercab is an upcoming two-passenger battery-electric self-driving car under development by Tesla. The vehicle is planned to be fully autonomous.  The prototype vehicles have no steering wheel or pedals. The Tesla Cybercab is part of the Tesla Robotaxi service.

A concept version of the Cybercab was unveiled in October 2024, with 20 prototypes providing short rides to attendees of the announcement event. Tesla reports production is planned to commence in April 2026.

Autonomous robot
An autonomous robot is a robot that acts without recourse to human control. Historic examples include space probes. Modern examples include self-driving vacuums and cars.

Industrial robot arms that work on assembly lines inside factories may also be considered autonomous robots, though their autonomy is restricted due to a highly structured environment and their inability to locomote.
Kurohime Station
Kurohime Station (黒姫駅, Kurohime-eki) is a railway station on the Shinano Railway Kita-Shinano Line in Kashiwabara in the town of Shinano, Nagano, Japan, operated by the third-sector railway operator Shinano Railway.

Nagano Station
Nagano Station (長野駅, Nagano-eki) is a railway station in the city of Nagano in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The station is operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and the private railway operator Nagano Electric Railway (Nagaden).
Wasiq Qayyum Abbasi
Wasiq Qayyum Abbasi (born 24 June 1987) is a Pakistani politician who served as the Deputy Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab from July 2022 till January 2023, being the youngest person to have held this role. He had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 till January 2023.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
Paul Lauterbur
Paul Christian Lauterbur (May 6, 1929 – March 27, 2007) was an American chemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003 with Peter Mansfield for his work which made the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) possible.

Lauterbur was a professor at Stony Brook University from 1963 until 1985, where he conducted his research for the development of the MRI. In 1985 he became a professor along with his wife Joan Dawson at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for 22 years until his death in Urbana. He and Dawson established the Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory (BMRL) there.  He never stopped working with undergraduates on research, and he served as a professor of chemistry, with appointments in bioengineering, biophysics, the College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign and computational biology at the Center for Advanced Study.

Urbana, Illinois
Urbana (/ɜːrˈbænə/ ur-BAN-ə) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 census, Urbana had a population of 38,336. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020. Urbana is notable for sharing the main campus of the University of Illinois with its twin city of Champaign.
Munidopsis taiwanica
Munidopsis taiwanica, is a species of Munidopsis, a genus of squat lobster. Named after the type locality. Deepest known record for squat lobsters at 5491m in the Mariana Trench, and is the first confirmed species of squat lobster found in the mud volcano environment.

Squat lobster
Squat lobsters are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans with long tails held curled beneath the cephalothorax. They are found in the two superfamilies Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea, which form part of the decapod infraorder Anomura, alongside groups including the hermit crabs and mole crabs. They are distributed worldwide in the oceans, and occur from near the surface to deep sea hydrothermal vents, with one species occupying caves above sea level. More than 900 species have been described, in around 60 genera. If one considers the members of the family Aeglidae as squat lobsters, then those numbers rise to more than 1000 species in 61 genera, and they occur at an altitude up to 3600 meters above sea level. Some species form dense aggregations, either on the sea floor or in the water column, and a small number are commercially fished.
Mo Adams
Mohammed "Mo" Adams (born 23 September 1996) is an Eritrean professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

A youth product of Nottingham Forest and Derby County, in 2016, Adams moved to the United States and played two seasons of college soccer for the Syracuse Orange. In 2018, Adams was chosen as the 10th overall selection by the Chicago Fire in the MLS SuperDraft.

2018 MLS SuperDraft
The 2018 MLS SuperDraft was the nineteenth SuperDraft conducted by Major League Soccer. As customary, the SuperDraft was held in conjunction with the annual United Soccer Coaches convention. The 2018 UCS was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania between January 17–21, 2018. Rounds one and two of the SuperDraft were held on January 19, 2018. Rounds three and four of the 2018 SuperDraft were held via a conference call on January 21, 2018.
Ary Scheffer
Ary Scheffer (10 February 1795 – 15 June 1858) was a Dutch-French Romantic painter. He was known mostly for his works based on literature, with paintings based on the works of Dante, Goethe, Lord Byron and Walter Scott, as well as religious subjects. He was also a prolific painter of portraits of famous and influential people in his lifetime. Politically, Scheffer had strong ties to King Louis Philippe I, having been employed as a teacher of the latter's children, which allowed him to live a life of luxury for many years until the French Revolution of 1848.

Théodore Géricault
Jean-Louis André Théodore Géricault (French: [ʒɑ̃lwi ɑ̃dʁe teɔdɔʁ ʒeʁiko]; 26 September 1791 – 26 January 1824) was a French painter and lithographer. His best-known painting is The Raft of the Medusa. Despite his short life, he was one of the pioneers of the Romantic movement.
Jefferson Street (Nashville)
36°10′29.51″N 86°47′7.53″W﻿ / ﻿36.1748639°N 86.7854250°W﻿ / 36.1748639; -86.7854250
Jefferson Street is a street in Nashville, Tennessee, U.S., which developed as the historic center of the city's African-American community. Three historically black universities are located near here: Fisk University, Meharry Medical College and Tennessee State University. In the 1940s-1960s, it attracted many rock and roll as well as rhythm and blues artists. It was a center for the Nashville sit-ins in the 1960s, but the construction of Interstate 40 across the street in 1968 led to its economic decline. Since 2011, Lorenzo Washington and his staff at the Jefferson Street Sound Museum, the neighborhood community music museum is conserving the  musical legacies of the 1940s through 1970s.

Tennessee State University
Tennessee State University (Tennessee State, Tenn State, or TSU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, it is the only state-funded historically black university in Tennessee. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. Tennessee State University offers 41 bachelor's degrees, 23 master's degrees, and eight doctoral degrees. It is classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Uru people
The Uru or Uros (Uru: Qhas Qut suñi) are an indigenous people of Bolivia and Peru. They live on a still-growing group of about 120 self-fashioned floating islands in Lake Titicaca near Puno. They form three main groups: the Uru-Chipaya, Uru-Murato, and Uru-Iruito. The Uru-Iruito still inhabit the Bolivian side of Lake Titicaca and the Desaguadero River.

The indigenous Urus have darker skin than their neighbours Aymaras and Quechuas.

Uru language
The Uru language, more specifically known as Iru-Itu, and Uchumataqu, is an extinct language formerly spoken by the Uru people. In 2004, it had 2 remaining native speakers out of an ethnic group of 140 people in the La Paz Department, Bolivia near Lake Titicaca, the rest having shifted to Aymara and Spanish. The language is close enough to the Chipaya language to sometimes be considered a dialect of that language.

Uru is also called Ochosuma (Uchuzuma), a historical name for the Uru ethnic group.

In 2010, there was 1 single native speaker left of this language. By 2012 the language had no speakers left. However, the Uru community has been interested in revitalizing their language and maintaining their culture.
James W. Porter (ecologist)
James Watson Porter (born 5 October 1946) is an American ecologist.

Porter was raised in Ohio, near Lake Erie, and graduated from Mercersburg Academy in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. He earned an undergraduate and doctoral degree from Yale University in 1969 and 1973, respectively. Porter started his teaching career at the University of Michigan in 1972, and remained on the faculty until 1977, when he joined the University of Georgia faculty. Between 1977 and 1981, Porter was chief editor of the journals Ecology and Ecological Monographs. Porter held the Josiah Meigs Distinguished Professorship at the University of Georgia, and was granted emeritus status upon his retirement.

In 1983, Porter was elected to fellowship of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was awarded the Eugene P. Odum Award for Excellence in Ecology Education by the Ecological Society of America in 2005. In 2012, the Ecological Society of America awarded him fellow status.

Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional organization of ecological scientists. Based in the United States and founded in 1915, ESA publications include peer-reviewed journals, newsletters, fact sheets, and teaching resources. It holds an annual meeting at different locations in the USA and Canada. In addition to its publications and annual meeting, ESA is engaged in public policy, science, education, and diversity issues.

ESA's 9,000 members are researchers, educators, natural resource managers, and students in over 90 countries. Members work on a wide range of topics, from agroecology to marine diversity, and explore the relationships between organisms and their past, present, and future environments. As of June 2023 the society has 32 topical sections, six regional chapters, and ten committees.
Susan M. Crawford
Susan Margaret Crawford (born March 1, 1965) is an American lawyer and jurist from Madison, Wisconsin.  She is a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, since taking office on August 1, 2025.  She previously served seven years as a Wisconsin circuit court judge in Dane County (2018–2025).

Earlier in her career, she was chief legal counsel to Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle and served as administrator of the Office of Enforcement and Science in the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.  Before that, she had served as an assistant attorney general in the Iowa Department of Justice and then the Wisconsin Department of Justice; in both roles, she specialized in criminal appeals.

During the 2025 election campaign, she was identified as a liberal candidate and received support from Democratic Party donors.  In her career as an attorney, she took on cases in support of labor unions, women's rights, voting rights, and public education.

Jim Doyle
James Edward Doyle Jr. (born November 23, 1945) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th governor of Wisconsin from 2003 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he narrowly defeated incumbent Republican governor Scott McCallum in his first election to the governorship.

Before the governorship, Doyle served as Wisconsin Attorney General from 1991 to 2003. As of 2016, he is currently an attorney 'of counsel' in the Madison, Wisconsin office of the law firm of Foley & Lardner and serves on the corporate board of Epic Systems and Exact Sciences.