hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gloeoheppia squamulosa
Gloeoheppia squamulosa is a species of cyanolichen in the family Lichinaceae. It forms small, dark olive-brown, shield-shaped scales on bare soil and thin soil over rock in arid habitats. The species was originally described in 1902 as Psorotichia squamulosa and was transferred to Gloeoheppia in 2007 based on its growth form and ecology. It occurs in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, from low desert to montane woodland.

Gloeoheppia
Gloeoheppia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. It comprises five species. Members of the genus form small, scaly to slightly shield-shaped patches that are usually dark brown, olive, or blackish, and many become more swollen when wet. They mostly live in warm, dry regions on calcareous soil or rock, where they often form part of biological soil crusts that help bind and stabilise bare ground. Gloeoheppia is distinguished from similar-looking lichens like Heppia by its internal structure, the nature of its photobiont, and details of its reproductive structures.
MS Europic Ferry
MS Europic Ferry was a roll-on/roll-off car ferry built in 1967 by Swan Hunter for the Atlantic Steam Navigation Company (ASN).  She was acquired by European Ferries in 1971 when they took over the ASN and served with them under the Townsend Thoresen branding.  The Europic Ferry was requisitioned by the British government in April 1982 and transported stores, equipment and troops to the South Atlantic during the Falklands War.  After the war she returned to service  with European Ferries until that company was sold to P&O in 1987.  She was sold again to Namora Shipping in 1993 and served on routes in the Mediterranean until sold for scrapping in 2004.

Swan Hunter
Swan Hunter, formerly known as Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson and originally known as C. S. Swan & Hunter, is a shipbuilding design, engineering, and management company, based in Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England.

At its apex, the company represented the combined forces of three powerful shipbuilding families: Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson.

The company was responsible for some of the greatest ships of the early 20th century, most famously RMS Mauretania which held the Blue Riband for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic, and RMS Carpathia which rescued survivors from RMS Titanic.

In 2006 Swan Hunter ceased vessel construction on Tyneside, but continues to provide design engineering services.
World Hindi Secretariat
World Hindi Secretariat (WHS) (Hindi: विश्व हिन्दी सचिवालय, romanized: Viśva Hindī Sacivālaya) is an international organisation of nations and regions where Hindi is the first or customary language with significant proportion of population consisting of Hindi speakers and/or with notable affiliation with North Indian culture. WHS is focused on promoting Hindi as an international language and furthering the cause of recognition of Hindi as an official language of the United Nations. India has been trying to get 129 votes at the United Nations to make Hindi an official language of the UN. WHS is head quartered at Vacoas-Phoenix city in Plaines Wilhems District of Mauritius.

WHA was set up in 1999 by governments of India and Mauritius to promote Hindi across the world, Vinod Bala Arun became was the first secretary-general of WHS.

Indosphere
Indosphere is a term used for areas of Indian linguistic influence in the neighboring Southern Asian, Southeast Asian, and East Asian regions. It is commonly used in areal linguistics in contrast with the Sinophone languages of the Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area of the Sinosphere.

Notably, unlike terms such as Anglosphere, Hispanosphere or Francosphere that refer to the multinational spread and influence of a single language with multiple dialects (English, Spanish and French respectively from the example), Indosphere refers to the influence of all the native languages of the Indian subcontinent, which includes Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages.
Josef Arneth
Josef Arneth (13 October 1873 in Burgkunstadt – 1955) was a German physician and haematologist known for naming the Arneth count.

He studied medicine at universities in Munich, Heidelberg and Würzburg, qualifying in 1897. He subsequently worked in Würzburg, before becoming professor of medicine in Münster in 1907, a position he held until 1944. He was an active researcher in haematology and published various books on the subject of pulmonary diseases and blood.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Drongan, Ochiltree, Rankinston and Stair (ward)
Drongan, Ochiltree, Rankinston and Stair was one of 30 electoral wards of East Ayrshire Council. Originally created in 1974, the ward was initially within Cumnock and Doon Valley District Council before the local government reforms in the 1990s. The ward elected one councillor using the first-past-the-post voting electoral system.

The ward was a Labour stronghold as the party successfully held the seat at every election from 1977 until it was abolished.

In 1999, the ward was abolished and replaced by the Drongan, Stair and Rankinston and Ochiltree, Skares, Netherthird and Craigens wards.

Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994
The Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 (c. 39) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that created the current local government structure of 32 unitary authorities covering the whole of Scotland.

It abolished the two-tier structure of regions and districts created by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 which had previously covered Scotland except for the islands council areas.

The Act came into effect on 1 April 1996, beginning with the 1995 Scottish local elections.

The Act authorised the Secretary of State to cap councils' budgets, but this was not acted on for the first set of budgets in 1995-1996.
Dreams and Nightmares (Changeling: The Dreaming)
Dreams and Nightmares is a tabletop role-playing game supplement released by White Wolf Publishing in November–December 1997 for their game Changeling: The Dreaming, and is part of the larger World of Darkness series. It was well received by critics.

Changeling: The Dreaming
Changeling: The Dreaming is a tabletop role-playing game originally published by White Wolf Publishing in July 1995, and is part of the World of Darkness series. Player characters are changelings, fae souls reborn into human bodies, a practice begun by the fae to protect themselves as magic vanished from the world. White Wolf Publishing released a second edition in 1997, and Onyx Path Publishing released a 20th Anniversary Edition in 2017.

The game explores the balance between imagination and practicality, and the struggle of art and beauty against the dark, mysterious "Gothic-Punk" World of Darkness. Changeling draws primarily from Gaelic mythology, particularly stories of the sidhe and Tuatha Dé Danann, but also uses mythology and folklore from various other cultures including Native American nations, Greece, India and Yoruba mythology of Africa.
1674 Ambon earthquake and megatsunami
The 1674 Ambon earthquake occurred on February 17 between 19:30 and 20:00 local time in the Maluku Islands. The resulting tsunami reached heights of up to 100 metres (330 ft) on Ambon Island killing over 2,000 individuals. It was the first detailed documentation of a tsunami in Indonesia and the largest ever recorded in the country. The exact fault which produced the earthquake has never been determined, but geologists postulate either a local fault, or a larger thrust fault offshore. The extreme tsunami was likely the result of a submarine landslide.

Submarine landslide
Submarine landslides are marine landslides that transport sediment across the continental shelf and into the deep ocean. A submarine landslide is initiated when the downwards driving stress (gravity and other factors) exceeds the resisting stress of the seafloor slope material, causing movements along one or more concave to planar rupture surfaces. Submarine landslides take place in a variety of different settings, including planes as low as 1°, and can cause significant damage to both life and property. Recent advances have been made in understanding the nature and processes of submarine landslides through the use of sidescan sonar and other seafloor mapping technology.
Ben Caspit
Ben Caspit (Hebrew: בן כספית; born October 18, 1960) is an Israeli journalist. He is a political commentator and a senior reporter for the newspaper "Maariv HaShavua" and Al-Monitor. He presents daily programs on radio station 103fm in the morning program alongside Yinon Magal and in the evening program alongside Aryeh Eldad, and also presents the Hevrat HaHadashot "meet the press" alongside Amit Segal on channel 12.

Maariv (newspaper)
Maariv (Hebrew: מַעֲרִיב, lit. 'bringing on evening') is a Hebrew-language daily newspaper published in Israel.

From Sunday to Thursday, it is printed under the Ma'ariv Hashavu'a (Hebrew: מַעֲרִיב הַשָּׁבוּעַ) brand, while the weekend edition that is out on Friday is called Ma'ariv SofHashavu'a (Hebrew: מַעֲרִיב סוּפְהַשָּׁבוּעַ). A daily, abridged version of the newspaper, called Ma'ariv Haboker (Hebrew: מעריב הבוקר), is distributed for free every morning during the week. Ma'ariv Haboker is the fourth largest Israeli newspaper in terms of readership (after Israel HaYom, Yedioth Ahronoth and Haaretz).

Since May 2014, Maariv's co-editors in chief are Doron Cohen and Golan Bar-Yosef. Apart from the daily newspaper and its supplements, Maariv has a chain of local newspapers with a national-scale distribution and magazine division.
Tracey Shelton
Tracey Shelton is an Australian journalist for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in their Asia-Pacific newsroom. In 2012, her photographs of a Syrian tank attack on rebel fighters in Aleppo gained significant attention from mainstream and social media. She also covered the Libyan Civil War and obtained exclusive footage of Muammar Gaddafi's death which led to a UN enquiry. Shelton has won many international accolades for her work including a George Polk Award, an Overseas Press Club honour and an award of excellence from POYi.

George Polk Awards
The George Polk Awards in Journalism are a series of American journalism awards presented annually by Long Island University in New York in the United States. A writer for Idea Lab, a group blog hosted on the website of PBS, described the award as "one of only a couple of journalism prizes that means anything". The award is described as follows:

For 75 years, LIU has been the proud home of the George Polk Awards in Journalism, the first major award of its kind to recognize reporting across all media. This prestigious honor focuses on the intrepid, bold, and influential work of the reporters themselves, placing a premium on investigative work that is original, resourceful, and thought-provoking.
Tosa Kokubun-ji
Tosa Kokubun-ji (土佐国分寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the city of Nankoku, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the Shingon-shū Chisan-ha sect, and its honzon is a statue of Senjū Kannon Bosatsu (Sahasrabhuja). Its full name is Mani-zan Hōzō-in Kokubun-ji (摩尼山宝蔵院国分寺).  It is the successor to the Nara period provincial temple of former Tosa Province and Temple 29 on the Shikoku 88 temple pilgrimage. The precincts were designated a National Historic Site in 1922.

Provincial temple
The Kokubun-ji (国分寺; Japanese pronunciation: [ko.kɯ.bɯɲ.dʑi(ꜜ)]) are Buddhist temples established in each of the provinces of Japan by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794). The official name for each temple was Konkomyo Shitenno Gokoku-ji (Konkōmyō Shitennō Gokoku-ji )
Frances Simpson Stevens
Frances Simpson Stevens (1894 – July 18, 1976) was an American painter, who is best remembered as one of the few Americans to directly participate in the Futurist Movement. Stevens was also one of the artists who exhibited at the landmark show Armory Show in New York City.  The show included her oil painting Roof tops of Madrid ($200).

Futurist
Futurists (also known as futurologists, prospectivists, foresight practitioners and horizon scanners) are people whose specialty or interest is future studies or futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities about the future and how they can emerge from the present, whether that of human society in particular or of life on Earth in general.
Pareiasauromorpha
Pareiasauromorpha is a group of parareptilian amniotes from the Permian. It includes genera found all over the world, with many genera from Asia and South Africa. The clade was first used as a group by Linda A. Tsuji in 2011, in order to group the family Nycteroleteridae (nycteroleters) and the superfamily Pareiasauroidea (pareiasaurs). Pareiasauromorpha is considered to be a monophyletic node, the sister group to procolophonoids.

Nycteroleteridae
Nycteroleteridae is a family of procolophonian parareptilians (extinct early reptiles) from the Middle to Late Permian of Russia and North America. They are sometimes classified as a sister group to pareiasaurids (but see Classification). The group includes the genera Macroleter, Bashkyroleter, "Bashkyroleter" mesensis, Nycteroleter, Emeroleter, and probably Rhipaeosaurus. They were carnivorous, and occasionally ate insects. The group was most common in European Russia, with only a few fossils in North America. One fossil has also been found in Africa, but this is the only one from Gondwana.
Axon Tremolo
Axon Tremolo is the eponymously debut and only studio album by Axon Tremolo, released on July 20, 2018 by Rodentia Productions. Online magazine I Die: You Die stated, "a quick skim suggests some detours from the wholly sample-based methods on which Vahnke build his reputation for the sake of some smoother jams, or, in Vahnke's own words, "adult-contemporary new-age synth."

Daniel Vahnke
Daniel Vahnke (born April 2, 1965), sometimes credited as Anton Rathausen, is a Canadian composer and lyricist. He is best known as a co-founding member of Vampire Rodents, a band that integrated elements of classical, ambient, and industrial music into its work. Daniel uses German, Latin and Chinese in his compositions.
Bayden Barber
Bayden Bernard Barber (born 1973 or 1974) is a New Zealand politician and Māori leader. He is currently the chair of Ngāti Kahungunu Iwi Incorporated, the legal entity representing the people and hapū of Ngāti Kahungunu iwi. From 2016 until 2022 he was a Hastings district councillor.

Ngāti Kahungunu
Ngāti Kahungunu (Māori pronunciation: [ˈŋaːti ˈkahʉŋʉnʉ]) is a Māori iwi (tribe) located along the eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The iwi is traditionally centred in the Hawke's Bay and Wairārapa regions. The Kahungunu iwi also comprises 86 hapū (sub-tribes) and 90 marae (meeting grounds).

The tribe is organised into six geographical and administrative divisions: Wairoa, Te Whanganui-ā-Orotū, Heretaunga, Tamatea, Tāmaki-nui-a Rua and Wairarapa. It is the 4th largest iwi in New Zealand by population, with 82,239 people identifying as Ngāti Kahungunu in the 2018 census.
MohBad
Ilerioluwa Oladimeji Alobalistenⓘ (3 January 1996 – 12 September 2023), known professionally as MohBad, was a Nigerian rapper, singer, and songwriter. Mohbad was formerly signed to Naira Marley's Marlian Records and left the label in 2022. He was best known for his hit songs "Ponmo," "Peace," "Beast and Peace," "Sorry", "Feel Good," and "KPK (Ko Por Ke)" with Rexxie, which was nominated three times for The Headies awards in 2022. On 18 September 2023, he ranked number 1 on TurnTable's Official Artiste Top 100.

TurnTable charts
TurnTable charts is a catalog of relative weekly, and yearly popular songs in Nigeria. The results are published in TurnTable magazine. TurnTable provides additional weekly charts, as well as the End of the Year Top 50. The charts can be ranked according to airplay, and digital streaming. For main song charts such as the TurnTable Top 100, all three data are used to compile the charts. For End of the Year Top 50, streams and airplay from TurnTable Top 100 are included.
Dumbbell Indemnity
"Dumbbell Indemnity" is the sixteenth episode of the ninth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on March 1, 1998. It was written by Ron Hauge and directed by Dominic Polcino. The episode sees Moe spending large amounts of money to impress his new girlfriend, which leads him to commit insurance fraud once his finances begin to dwindle. Homer helps him, but is caught and sent to jail, and attempts to take revenge on Moe when he does not bail him out. Helen Hunt makes a guest appearance as Moe's girlfriend, Renee. The episode contains several cultural references and was generally well received.

Moe Szyslak
Moammar "Moe" Szyslak (/ˈsɪzlæk/ SIZ-lak) (Polish pronunciation: [ʂɨslak]) is a recurring character from the animated television series The Simpsons. He is voiced by Hank Azaria and first appeared in the series premiere episode "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire". Moe is the proprietor and bartender of Moe's Tavern, a Springfield bar frequented by Homer Simpson, Barney Gumble, Lenny Leonard, Carl Carlson, Sam, Larry, and others.

Grouchy, lonely, miserable, and prone to violent outbursts, Moe is constantly down on his luck and has attempted suicide numerous times. Other running jokes featuring him include being prank called by Bart Simpson, running illegal activities from his bar, his ugliness and his inconsistent stories about his ethnic origin and what "Moe" is short for. Although he is generally quite disagreeable and confrontational, he is frequently shown to have a tender heart beneath his cantankerous exterior.
Yomif Kejelcha
Yomif Kejelcha Atomsa (born 1 August 1997) is an Ethiopian distance runner. He is the world record holder in the half marathon with 57:30 from 2024. He formerly held the short track world record in the mile (3:47.01 from 2019 to 2025).

Yomif won the silver medal in the 10,000 metres at the 2019 World Athletics Championships and gold medals for the 3000 metres at the 2016 and 2018 World Indoor Championships. He was the 2013 World Youth 3000 m champion and 2014 World Junior 5000 m gold medallist.

2013 World Youth Championships in Athletics
The 2013 World Youth Championships in Athletics was the eighth edition of the biennial international athletics competition for youth (under-18) athletes. The five-day competition took place between 10 and 14 July at the RSC Olimpiyskiy stadium in Donetsk, Ukraine.

A record 1532 athletes (840 boys and 713 girls) from 165 nations entered themselves for the competition. Eligible athletes were aged 16 or 17 on 31 December 2013 (born in 1996 or 1997).
The Talbot Brothers of Bermuda
The Talbot Brothers were a musical group based in Bermuda that were among the most popular calypso performers of the 1950s.  The band was composed of brothers Archie (lead singer, acoustic guitar, harmonica), Austin (acoustic guitar, harmonica), Bryan, a.k.a. "Dick" (tipple, a large, 10-stringed ukulele), Ross, a.k.a. "Blackie" (electric guitar) and Roy Talbot (bass), and their cousin Cromwell "Mandy" Mandres (accordion).

Bass (sound)
Bass (/beɪs/ BAYSS) (also called bottom end) describes tones of low (also called "deep") frequency, pitch and range from 16 to 250 Hz (C0 to middle C4) and bass instruments that produce tones in the low-pitched range C2-C4. They belong to different families of instruments and can cover a wide range of musical roles. Since producing low pitches usually requires a long air column or string, and for stringed instruments, a large hollow body, the string and wind bass instruments are usually the largest instruments in their families or instrument classes.
Mary Panzer
Mary E. Panzer (September 19, 1951) is an American banker and politician.  A Republican, she served 25 years in the Wisconsin Legislature, including 11 years in the Wisconsin State Senate (1993–2005) and 14 years in the State Assembly (1980–1993).  Her father, Frank E. Panzer, was also a member of the Wisconsin State Senate.

Wisconsin State Legislature
The Wisconsin State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of the upper house, Wisconsin State Senate, and the lower Wisconsin State Assembly, both of which have had Republican majorities since January 2011. With both houses combined, the legislature has 132 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. The legislature convenes at the state capitol in Madison.

The current sitting is the 107th Wisconsin Legislature.
Yekaterinoslav Governorate
Yekaterinoslav Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Yekaterinoslav. Covering an area of 63,392 km2 (24,476 mi2), and being composed of a inhabitant of 2,113,674 by the census of 1897, it bordered Poltava Governorate to the north, Don Host Oblast to the east, Sea of Azov to the southeast, Taurida Governorate to the south, and Kherson Governorate to the west, and covered the area of the Luhansk, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts of modern Ukraine.

Don Host Oblast
Don Host Oblast was a province (oblast) of the Russian Empire which consisted of the territory of the Don Cossacks, coinciding approximately with present-day Rostov Oblast in Russia. Its administrative center was Cherkassk, and later Novocherkassk.

It comprised the areas where the Don Cossack Host settled in the Russian Empire. From 1786, the territory was officially named Don Host Land (Russian: Земля Войска Донского, romanized: Zemlya Voyska Donskogo), renamed Don Host Oblast in 1870.

During 1914, the oblast, with an area of 164,000 km², had about 3.9 million inhabitants. Of these, 55% (2.1 million) were Cossacks in possession of all the land; the remaining 45% of the population being townsfolk and agricultural guest labourers from other parts of Russia.

It was abolished in 1920; from the major part of it the Don Oblast of the RSFSR was created, which was incorporated into the North Caucasus Krai in 1924.
Thrall
A thrall pronunciationⓘ  was a slave or serf in Scandinavian lands during the Viking Age.  The status of slave (þræll, þēow) contrasts with that of the freeman (karl, ceorl) and the nobleman (jarl, eorl).

Earl
Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/) is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.