hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ghiasabad Rural District
Ghiasabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان غیاث‌آباد) is in Radkan District of Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Qiasabad, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,302 in 395 households.

Radkan District
Radkan District (Persian: بخش رادكان) is in Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Radkan, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 2,609 people in 784 households.
Robert J. Schaefer
Robert J. Schaefer FAIA (April 15, 1925 – April 26, 2006) was an American architect in practice in Wichita, Kansas from 1957 until his retirement in 1993. Schaefer's practice, known since 2023 as Schaefer Architecture, has had a major role in the spread of modern architecture in Kansas.

Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-member architects who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through design excellence, contributions in the field of architectural education, or to the advancement of the profession. In 2014, fewer than 3,200 of the more than 80,000 AIA members were fellows. Honorary Fellowship (Hon. FAIA) is awarded to foreign (non-U.S. citizen) architects, and to non-architects who have made substantial contributions to the field of architecture or to the institute.
Calculon 2.0
"Calculon 2.0" is the twentieth episode in the  seventh season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 134th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Comedy Central on July 24, 2013. The episode was written by Lewis Morton and directed by Stephen Sandoval. Calculon (who died in "The Thief of Baghead") is backed up and put into the body of a new robot so he can return to All My Circuits, only to learn that his over-the-top acting was never appreciated.

The Thief of Baghead
"The Thief of Baghead" is the fourth episode in the  seventh season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 118th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Comedy Central on July 4, 2012.
The episode was written by series co-producer Dan Vebber and directed by Edmund Fong.
Spook Bridge
Spook Bridge, located on the county line between Brooks County and Lowndes County in the U.S. state of Georgia, is an abandoned open spandrel arch bridge crossing the Withlacoochee River on a closed section of Old Quitman Highway (also known as Blue Springs Road, formerly U.S. Route 84). It is considered Lowndes County's most famous relic and is decaying, becoming a dangerous site, due to its abandonment. For decades, it has served as the center of urban legends and small town curiosity in the nearby cities of Quitman and Valdosta. The bridge has developed a reputation for being a popular "hangout" for teenagers and is rumored to be haunted due to its isolated and overgrown environment.

U.S. Route 84 in Georgia
U.S. Route 84 (US 84) is a 259-mile-long (417 km) U.S. Highway in the U.S. state of Georgia, is also signed as State Route 38 for its entire length in Georgia. After entering Georgia from Alabama west-northwest of Jakin, the highway travels through the southern portion of the state, meeting its east end at Interstate 95 (I-95) east of Midway. US 84 through Georgia is also known as the Wiregrass Georgia Parkway.
Yopurga County
Yopurga County (Uyghur: يوپۇرغا ناھىيىسى) is a county in northern Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. More than 96% of the residents of the county are Uyghurs and live around oases at the western edge of the desolate Taklamakan Desert. The county is bordered to the north by Jiashi County, to the east by Maralbexi County, to the west by Shule County, to the southwest by Yengisar County and to the south by Yarkant County.

Shule County
Shule County, also known as Yengisheher County or Yengixahar County, is a county of Kashgar Prefecture, in Xinjiang, China. It is located to the south of Kashgar. In ancient times, the Shule area was once the home to a Xiyu oasis civilisation, the Shule Kingdom.
Marco Barbo
Marco Barbo (1420 – 2 March 1491) of Venice was a cousin and lifetime follower of Cardinal Pietro Barbo, who became Pope Paul II in 1464. Marco was appointed Bishop of Vicenza on 17 September 1464; appointed a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church on 18 September 1467; and Patriarch of Aquileia in 1470. He was a principal papal administrator.

Pope Paul II
Pope Paul II (Latin: Paulus II; Italian: Paolo II; 23 February 1417 – 26 July 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 August 1464 to his death in 1471. When his maternal uncle became Pope Eugene IV, Barbo switched from training to be a merchant to religious studies. His rise in the Church was relatively rapid. Elected pope in 1464, Paul amassed a great collection of art and antiquities.
Bienvenido Lumbera
Bienvenido L. Lumbera (April 11, 1932 – September 28, 2021) was a Filipino poet, critic and dramatist. Lumbera is known for his nationalist writing and for his leading role in the Filipinization movement in Philippine literature in the 1960s, which resulted in his being one of the many writers and academics jailed during Ferdinand Marcos' Martial Law regime. He received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communications in 1993, and was proclaimed a National Artist of the Philippines for literature in 2006. As an academic, he is recognized for his key role in elevating the field of study which would become known as Philippine Studies.

Among numerous other literary awards he has won include the National Book Awards from the National Book Foundation, and the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards.

National Artist of the Philippines
The Order of National Artists of the Philippines (Tagalog: Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas) is an order bestowed by the President of the Philippines on Philippine nationals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine art. Members of the order are known as National Artists. Originally instituted as an award, it was elevated to the status of an order in 2003.

The order is administered by the Cultural Center of the Philippines by virtue of President Ferdinand Marcos's Proclamation No. 1001 of April 27, 1972, and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The first award was posthumously conferred on Filipino painter Fernando Amorsolo.
Croydon City Arrows SC
Croydon City Arrows is an Australian soccer club based in Croydon, Victoria, currently playing in the 5th tier of the Victorian association football structure and the seventh tier nationally. The club was established 1957 and has won two Victorian titles, in 1985 and 1986, and plays at the Dorset Recreational Reserve. The club was briefly known as Maroondah Arrows in 1997 and 1998.

Croydon City Arrows senior men's team currently participates in the Victorian State League Division 3 East.

Croydon City Arrows senior women's team currently participates in the Victorian State League Division 1 South-East.

Victorian State League
The Victorian State League (VSL), known as the VETO Sports State League for sponsorship reasons, is an Australian soccer league based in Victoria. It is administered by Football Victoria, covering the fourth-to-eighth-highest tiers in the Victorian soccer league system (and the fifth-to-ninth-highest nationally).

As of 2026, it consists of seven divisions (separated by two zones, North/West and South/East). Each division would have 24 teams, with 12 in each division. Mazenod FC would withdraw from the VETO State League 1 South/East on the 23rd of January 2026 leaving the State League 1 with only 23 teams. Clubs promoted from VSL 1 enter the Victorian Premier League (VPL). There is no relegation from the State League 7.
Chandulal Jain
J. Chandulal Jain was a popular Kannada film director and producer of almost 40 films, notably, Thaaye Devaru, Bhootayyana Maga Ayyu, Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane, and Bhakta Siriyala. He also produced movies in Hindi, such as Godhuli and Pyaar Karke Dekho. His film Idu Saadhya was shot in just 48 hours.

He won a national award for Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane and three Government of Karnataka awards for films Bhootayaana Maga Ayyu, Veerappan, and Gangamma Gangamaayi. He also won the state government's Lifetime Achievement Award and Kannada Rajyotsava for his contributions to the Kannada film industry.

He was instrumental in introducing Kamal Haasan and Rajinikanth to the Kannada film industry.

D. Rajendra Babu
D. Rajendra Babu (30 March 1951 – 3 November 2013) was an Indian filmmaker and screenplay writer in Kannada cinema. He has directed over 50 films in various genres, most of them being sentimental films. He wrote and directed numerous blockbuster films, though many of them are re-makes. Apart from Kannada films, he directed a Malayalam and a Hindi film each. He is considered one of the most revered directors of the Kannada film industry.

Some of the notable works of Babu are Nanu Nanna Hendathi (1985), Olavina Udugore (1987), Ramachaari (1991), Ramarajyadalli Rakshasaru (1990), Halunda Thavaru (1994), Appaji (1996), Diggajaru (2000), Amma (2001), Encounter Dayanayak (2005) and Bindaas (2010).
WLLF
WLLF (96.7 FM) is a commercial radio station in Mercer, Pennsylvania, and serving the Youngstown metropolitan area.  It has a sports radio format, much of it simulcast with co-owned WBBW 1240 AM, from the Infinity Sports Network. It is one of seven radio stations in the Youngstown market owned by Cumulus Media.

The studios and offices are in "The Radio Center" in Hermitage, Pennsylvania.  WLLF carries a variety of local high school and college sports as well as games from the Pittsburgh Pirates and Pittsburgh Penguins.

Westwood One Sports (radio network)
Westwood One Sports (formerly Infinity Sports Network) is an American sports radio network programmed by Westwood One and Audacy, Inc. It debuted as CBS Sports Radio with hourly sports news updates on September 4, 2012, and with 24/7 programming on January 2, 2013.

At launch, programming on the network featured reporters and personalities from CBS Sports, CBS Sports Network, and CBSSports.com. Westwood One Sports is broadcast throughout the United States on radio affiliates and streamed online.
Pic du Taillon
Pic du Taillon (in French) or  Pico Taillón (in Spanish) is a summit in the Pyrenees, culminating at 3,144 m (10,315 ft) on the Franco-Spanish border in the Monte Perdido Range.

Pic du Taillon is considered one of the easiest 3,000ers above the Cirque de Gavarnie. Only the last part from the "finger" of the False Defile (le Doigt de la Fausse Brèche) is a little steep, but the climb never technically difficult in the absence of snow. The panorama from the summit is grandiose, offering a view of the Monte Perdido Range, the Vignemale Range, the Néouvielle Range, Balaïtous and  Pic du Midi de Bigorre on a clear day.

Monte Perdido
Monte Perdido (in Spanish; Mont Perdu in French; Mont Perdito in Aragonese; all three meaning lost mountain) is the third highest mountain in the Pyrenees. The summit of Monte Perdido (3355 m), located in Spain, lies hidden from France by the seemingly impenetrable peaks of the Cirques of Gavarnie and Estaubé. It stands in the north of Huesca province. The mountain forms part of the Monte Perdido Range and is located in the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, in the western part of the Pyrenees, in the community of Aragon, Spain.
Tlaxcala Territory
19°26′N 98°10′W﻿ / ﻿19.43°N 98.17°W﻿ / 19.43; -98.17

Tlaxcala Territory (Spanish: Territorio de Tlaxcala) was a territory of Mexico, from 1824 to 1857. The capital was Tlaxcala City.

The territory was located in East-Central Mexico, in the Altiplano region, with the eastern portion dominated by the Sierra Madre Oriental.

The territory was created on 24 November 1824, with its territory carved from the State of Puebla. Under the Centralist Regime, the territory was a part of the Department of Mexico between 1836 and 1846. On 3 October 1857, the territory became the State of Tlaxcala.

Territories of Mexico
The territories of Mexico are part of the history of 19th and 20th century independent Mexico. The country created territories (territorios) for areas too lightly populated to be states (estados), or for political reasons.
Shuruppak
Shuruppak (Sumerian: 𒋢𒆳𒊒𒆠 ŠuruppagKI, SU.KUR.RUki, "the healing place"), modern Tell Fara, was an ancient Sumerian city situated about 55 kilometres (35 mi) south of Nippur and 30 kilometers north of ancient Uruk on the banks of the Euphrates in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate. Shuruppak was dedicated to Ninlil, also called Sud, the goddess of grain and the air. The Early Dynastic IIIa period is also sometimes called the Fara period. Not to be confused with the Levantine archaeological site Tell el-Far'ah (South).

"Shuruppak" is sometimes also the name of a king of the city, legendary survivor of the Flood, and supposed author of the Instructions of Shuruppak".

Nippur
Nippur (Sumerian: Nibru, often logographically recorded as 𒂗𒆤𒆠, EN.LÍLKI, "Enlil City;" Akkadian: Nibbur) was an ancient Sumerian city. It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god Enlil, the "Lord Wind", ruler of the  cosmos, subject to An alone. Nippur was located in modern Nuffar 8 kilometers north of modern Afak, Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq. It is roughly 200 km south of modern Baghdad and about 100 km southeast of the ancient city of Babylon. Occupation at the site extended back to the Ubaid period (Ubaid 2 – Hajji Muhammed), the Uruk period, and the Jemdet Nasr period. The origin of the ancient name is unknown but different proposals have been made.
Sno*Drift
Sno*Drift is an annual rally racing event held in Montmorency County, Michigan, with headquarters in Atlanta, Michigan. The event was the first Rally America National Rally Championship event of the season, and is currently the first American Rally Association National Championship. Sno*Drift is a winter rally, run primarily on snow-covered gravel surface roads, and is held in late January or early February. Unlike other snow rally events, studded tires cannot be used per Michigan law, which makes Sno*Drift particularly challenging.

Rally America
The Rally America National Championship was the national championship of rallying events in the United States. The inaugural season was in 2005. Rally America was also the name given to the organization that sanctioned the championship, was briefly rebranded to RallyCar in July 2010, then reverted to Rally America the following year.
SS Michael E
SS Michael E was a 7,628 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1941. She was the first British catapult aircraft merchant ship (CAM ship): a merchant ship fitted with a rocket catapult to launch a single Hawker Hurricane fighter aircraft to defend a convoy against long-range German bombers. She was sunk on her maiden voyage by a German submarine.

CAM ship
CAM ships were World War II–era British merchant ships used in convoys as a stop-gap until sufficient escort carriers became available. CAM ship is an acronym for catapult aircraft merchant ship.

The ships carried a rocket-propelled catapult to launch a Hawker Hurricane, dubbed a "Hurricat" or "Catafighter" to attack Luftwaffe aircraft. Normally the Hurricane fighter would be lost when the pilot bailed out or ditched in the ocean near the convoy. CAM ships continued to carry their normal cargoes after conversion.

The concept was developed and tested by the five fighter catapult ships, commissioned as warships and commanded and crewed by the Royal Navy – the CAM ships were ordinary merchant vessels, commanded and crewed by the Merchant Navy.
Madgaon–Hapa Superfast Express
The 22907 / 22908 Madgaon–Hapa Superfast Express is a Superfast train belonging to Western Railway zone that runs between Madgaon Junction and Hapa in India. It is currently being operated with 22907/22908 train numbers on a weekly basis.

Hapa railway station
Hapa railway station is a railway station in the city of Jamnagar in Gujarat, India.  It is located in the Western Railway zone of Rajkot Division. Hapa railway station is located in Hapa tehsil of Jamnagar district and lies on the eastern outskirts of Jamnagar. A few express passenger trains originate and terminate at Hapa. Saurashtra Express, Saurashtra Mail and some other trains also halt at Hapa.
Battle of Boydton Plank Road
The Battle of Boydton Plank Road (also known as Burgess Mill or First Hatcher's Run), fought on October 27–28, 1864, followed the Union Army's successful Battle of Peebles's Farm in the siege of Petersburg during the American Civil War. This follow up was a further success, with the Union Army able to seize the Boydton and Petersburg Plank Road and cut the South Side Railroad, a critical supply line to Petersburg, Virginia.

Battle of Peebles' Farm
The Battle of Peebles' Farm (or Poplar Springs Church or Poplar Grove Church) was the western part of a simultaneous Union offensive against the Confederate works guarding Petersburg and Richmond, Virginia, during the Siege of Petersburg in the American Civil War.
Substitution–permutation network
In cryptography, an SP-network, or substitution–permutation network (SPN), is a series of linked mathematical operations used in block cipher algorithms such as AES (Rijndael), 3-Way,  Kalyna, Kuznyechik, PRESENT, SAFER, SHARK, and Square.

Such a network takes a block of the plaintext and the key as inputs, and applies several alternating rounds or layers of substitution boxes (S-boxes) and permutation boxes (P-boxes) to produce the ciphertext block. The S-boxes and P-boxes transform (sub-)blocks of input bits into output bits.  It is common for these transformations to be operations that are efficient to perform in hardware, such as exclusive or (XOR) and bitwise rotation. The key is introduced in each round, usually in the form of "round keys" derived from it. (In some designs, the S-boxes themselves depend on the key.)

Decryption is done by simply reversing the process (using the inverses of the S-boxes and P-boxes and applying the round keys in reversed order).

S-box
In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext, thus ensuring Shannon's property of confusion. Mathematically, an S-box is a nonlinear vectorial Boolean function.

In general, an S-box takes some number of input bits, m, and transforms them into some number of output bits, n, where n is not necessarily equal to m.  An m×n S-box can be implemented as a lookup table with 2m words of n bits each. Fixed tables are normally used, as in the Data Encryption Standard (DES), but in some ciphers the tables are generated dynamically from the key (e.g. the Blowfish and the Twofish encryption algorithms).
Cockentrice
Cockentrice is a dish consisting of a suckling pig's upper body sewn onto the bottom half of a capon. Alternately, the front end (head and torso) of the poultry is sewn to the rump of the piglet to not waste the other half. Other animal combinations were also made, although not so named. The cockentrice was basted with a mixture of egg yolk and saffron during the roasting or covered with gold foil; it was also filled with a similar mixture to have a gilded inside. The dish originates from the Middle Ages and at least one source attributes the Tudor dynasty of the Kingdom of England as its originator.

Suckling pig
A sucking-pig (BrE) or suckling pig (AmE) is a piglet fed on its mother's milk (i.e., a piglet which is still being "suckled"). In culinary contexts, a sucking-pig is slaughtered before the end of its second month. Celebrated since Greek and Roman times, it is traditionally cooked whole, usually roasted, in various cuisines, and is often prepared for special occasions and gatherings.

A variation is popular in Spain and Portugal and their former empires under the name lechón (Spanish) or leitão (Portuguese), but the dish is common to many countries in Europe, the Americas and east Asia. Its popularity in Britain and the US has declined since the 19th century.
Dimitar Kovačevski
Dimitar Kovačevski (Macedonian: Димитар Ковачевски, pronounced [di'mitar kɔ'vat͡ʃɛfski]; born 24 July 1974) is a Macedonian politician and economist who served as prime minister of North Macedonia from January 2022 to January 2024.

A member of the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (SDSM), Kovačevski previously served as deputy finance minister from 2020 until his appointment as prime minister in 2022 after the resignation of Zoran Zaev and as president of SDSM from 2021 to 2024.

Prime Minister of North Macedonia
The prime minister of North Macedonia (Macedonian: Премиер на Северна Македонија, romanized: Premier na Severna Makedonija, Albanian: Kryeministri i Maqedonisë së Veriut), officially the President of the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia (Macedonian: Претседател на Владата на Република Северна Македонија, romanized: Pretsedatel na Vladata na Republika Severna Makedonija, Albanian: Kryetari i Qeverisë së Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut), is the head of government of North Macedonia.

The prime minister is the head of the cabinet and is usually the leader of a political coalition in parliament.

The current prime minister is Hristijan Mickoski, who has been in office since 23 June 2024.
Denis Thatcher
Sir Denis Thatcher, 1st Baronet, MBE, TD, CStJ (10 May 1915 – 26 June 2003) was an English businessman and the husband of Margaret Thatcher, who served as the first female British prime minister from 1979 to 1990; thus, he became the first male prime ministerial spouse.

Thatcher was granted the Thatcher baronetcy in 1990, the only baronetcy created since 1964, and remains the most recent non-royal to have been awarded a hereditary title.

Spouse of the prime minister of the United Kingdom
To date, forty-seven women and three men have been married to a British prime minister in office. There have also been four bachelor and nine widower prime ministers; the last bachelor was Edward Heath (1970–1974) and the last widower was Ramsay MacDonald (1924, 1929–1935). The Duke of Grafton (1768–1770) and Boris Johnson (2019–2022) are the only prime ministers to have divorced and remarried while in office.

The current prime minister, Keir Starmer, has been married to Victoria Starmer since 2007.
Positive definiteness
In mathematics, positive definiteness is a property of any object to which a bilinear form or a sesquilinear form may be naturally associated, which is positive-definite. See, in particular:

Positive-definite bilinear form

Positive-definite function

Positive-definite function on a group

Positive-definite functional

Positive-definite kernel

Positive-definite matrix

Positive-definite operator

Positive-definite quadratic form

Definite quadratic form
In mathematics, a definite quadratic form is a quadratic form over some real vector space V that has the same sign (always positive or always negative) for every non-zero vector of V. According to that sign, the quadratic form is called positive-definite or negative-definite.

A semidefinite (or semi-definite) quadratic form is defined in much the same way, except that "always positive" and "always negative" are replaced by "never negative" and "never positive", respectively. In other words, it may take on zero values for some non-zero vectors of V.

An indefinite quadratic form takes on both positive and negative values and is called an isotropic quadratic form.

More generally, these definitions apply to any vector space over an ordered field.