hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carathéodory's extension theorem
In measure theory, Carathéodory's extension theorem (named after the mathematician Constantin Carathéodory) states that any pre-measure defined on a given ring of subsets R of  a given set Ω can be  extended to a measure on the σ-ring generated by R, and this extension is unique if the pre-measure is σ-finite. Consequently, any pre-measure on a ring containing all intervals of real numbers can be extended to the Borel algebra of the set of real numbers. This is an extremely powerful result of measure theory, and leads, for example, to the Lebesgue measure.

The theorem is also sometimes known as the Carathéodory–Fréchet extension theorem, the Carathéodory–Hopf extension theorem, the Hopf extension theorem and the Hahn–Kolmogorov extension theorem.

Lebesgue–Stieltjes integration
In measure-theoretic analysis and related branches of mathematics, Lebesgue–Stieltjes integration generalizes both Riemann–Stieltjes and Lebesgue integration, preserving the many advantages of the former in a more general measure-theoretic framework.  The Lebesgue–Stieltjes integral is the ordinary Lebesgue integral with respect to a measure known as the Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure, which may be associated to any function of bounded variation on the real line.  The Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure is a regular Borel measure, and conversely every regular Borel measure on the real line is of this kind.

Lebesgue–Stieltjes integrals, named for Henri Leon Lebesgue and Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, are also known as Lebesgue–Radon integrals or just Radon integrals, after Johann Radon, to whom much of the theory is due.  They find common application in probability and stochastic processes, and in certain branches of analysis including potential theory.
Phelan Building
The Phelan Building is an 11-story office building located at 760 Market Street in the Financial District of San Francisco, California. It has a triangular shape, similar to the Flatiron Building in Manhattan, New York City, with its tip at the meeting point of Market Street, O’Farrell Street, and Grant Avenue. It is a San Francisco Designated Landmark.

The building was designed by William Curlett and built in 1908 by James D. Phelan on the place of the first, original Phelan Building, damaged by the 1906 earthquake and fire.

William and Alexander Curlett
William F. Curlett (County Down, Ireland, March 3, 1846 – January 21, 1914, San Francisco) and Alexander Edward Curlett (called Aleck) (San Francisco,  February 6, 1881 – September 5, 1942) were a father-and-son pair of architects.  They worked together as partners under the name of William Curlett and Son, Architects from c. 1908–1916. Aleck Curlett partnered with Claud Beelman as Curlett & Beelman (1919–1932).

The San Francisco firm of Curlett, Eisen, & Cuthbertson, Architects, was active in the 1880s; it designed the Los Angeles County Courthouse in 1887. In 1888, the firm occupied Room #41 of the Downey Block. (See Los Angeles, California, City Directory, 1888, p. 768.)
Mark Blum
Mark Blum (May 14, 1950 – March 25, 2020) was an American actor who worked in theater, film, and television. He found success with a supporting role in the 1985 film Desperately Seeking Susan, which he followed up the next year with another supporting role in Crocodile Dundee. On the stage, Blum won an Obie Award for his role in the play Gus and Al during its 1988–1989 season.

Near the end of his career, Blum had a regularly recurring role on the Amazon Prime series Mozart in the Jungle from 2014 to 2018. He also made guest appearances on dozens of shows throughout his career.

The Assembled Parties
The Assembled Parties is a play written by Richard Greenberg. It relates the story of a Jewish family living on the Upper West Side of New York City over a twenty-year period, from 1980 to 2000. The play, which premiered on Broadway in 2013, received three Tony Award nominations, including for Best Play.
BBC World War I centenary season
The BBC World War I centenary season was the marking of the centenary of the First World War across the BBC. Programming started in 2014 and lasted until 2018, corresponding to 100 years after the war. The BBC season included 130 newly-commissioned radio and television programmes which lasted over 2500 hours, including more than 600 hours of new content. The programmes were broadcast on over twenty BBC television and radio stations.

First World War centenary
The First World War centenary was the four-year period marking the centenary of the First World War, which began in mid-2014 with the centenary of the outbreak of the war, and ended in late 2018 with the centenary of the 1918 armistice.
National Party (Romania)
The Partida Naţională din Ţara Românească (English: National Party of Wallachia) was a Romanian political organization active in the period of 1837–1848 in the Danubian Principalities, made up of the boyars who opposed foreign interference. It was established by Ion Câmpineanu. It was a loose group which helped to popularize Romanian nationalism, and finally the union of the Principalities.

Danubian Principalities
The Danubian Principalities (German: Donaufürstentümer, Russian: Дунайские княжества, Romanian: Principatele Dunărene) was a geopolitical term[a] used for the Ottoman vassal principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in the period of 1774–1858, a time of when the territories were a battleground between the Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and Russian Empire. While Russia returned Moldavia and Wallachia to the Ottoman Empire with the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774), it retained protectorship over the two and also of the Orthodox subjects in all of the Ottoman Empire. This made the two principalities have the status of dual authority, under Ottoman suzerainty but with Russian protection. The Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) ended with the Russian occupation of the two principalities. The negotiations of the Great Powers in the aftermath of Russian defeat resulted in the unification of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859.
Darby Cottle
Darby Cottle Veazey (born September 26, 1961, in Tifton, Georgia) is a two-time All-American softball player and one of only two female athletes to have their number retired at Florida State University.

In her career, Cottle earned some of the highest honors ever given to a female athlete at FSU.  In 1982, she was named as recipient of the prestigious Broderick Award for slow-pitch softball. Cottle was later named the amateur softball player of the year for slow-pitch softball by the United States Olympic Committee.

She was a member of consecutive AIAW national championship teams in 1981 and 1982, and was named MVP of the 1981 championship tournament.

Cottle was elected to the FSU Athletic Hall of Fame in 1988.

1981 AIAW slow-pitch softball tournament
The 1981 AIAW women's college slow-pitch softball championship was held near Raleigh, North Carolina on May 14–16. Thirteen college softball teams met in the first AIAW national slow-pitch softball tournament. The AIAW conducted only two slow-pitch softball national championships, in 1981 and 1982, as the NCAA sought to and eventually did vanquish the women's collegiate athletic organization.
Shear band
In solid mechanics, a shear band (or, more generally, a strain localization) is a narrow zone of intense strain due to shearing, usually of plastic nature, developing during severe deformation of ductile materials.
As an example, a soil (overconsolidated silty-clay) specimen is shown in Fig. 1, after an axialsymmetric compression test. Initially the sample was cylindrical in shape and, since symmetry was tried to be preserved during the test, the cylindrical shape was maintained for a while during the test and the deformation was homogeneous, but at extreme loading two X-shaped shear bands had formed and the subsequent deformation was strongly localized (see also the sketch on the right of Fig. 1).

Shearing (physics)
In continuum mechanics, shearing refers to the occurrence of a shear strain, which is a deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another.  It is induced by a shear stress in the material.  Shear strain is distinguished from volumetric strain. The change in a material's volume in response to stress and change of angle is called the angle of shear.
Kathy Jamieson
Kathy Jamieson  (born 15 January 1957) is an English actress. Her first notable TV appearance was as Maggie Brady in educational historical drama How We Used To Live. She has appeared in British films including Business as Usual (1987) and Butterfly Kiss (1995). In her 2001–2002 role in BBC Police drama Merseybeat, she played Dawn, the wife of Inspector Jim Oulton, in turn played by her actual husband John McArdle.

Jamieson has also appeared in Emmerdale, Coronation Street, Heartbeat and Cracker.

Butterfly Kiss
Butterfly Kiss (alternative title Killer on the Road) is a 1995 British film, directed by Michael Winterbottom and written by Frank Cottrell Boyce. It stars Amanda Plummer and Saskia Reeves. The film was entered into the 45th Berlin International Film Festival.
Wentworth Lear Historic Houses
The Wentworth Lear Historic Houses (formerly Wentworth-Gardner & Tobias Lear Historic House Association) are a pair of adjacent historic houses on the south waterfront in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.  Both buildings and an 18th-century warehouse were owned by the Wentworth Lear Historic Houses and were operated as a house museum. Only the Wentworth-Gardner house is a museum. They are located at the corner of Mechanic and Gardner Streets.  The two houses, built c. 1750–60, represent a study in contrast between high-style and vernacular Georgian styling. The Wentworth-Gardner House is a National Historic Landmark, and the houses are listed as the Wentworth-Gardner and Tobias Lear Houses on the National Register of Historic Places.

Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. It had a population of 21,956 at the 2020 census. A historic seaport and popular summer tourist destination on the Piscataqua River bordering the state of Maine, Portsmouth was formerly the home of the Pease Air Force Base, since converted to Portsmouth International Airport at Pease.
Vincenzo Giustiniani
Vincenzo Giustiniani (13 September 1564 – 27 December 1637) was an aristocratic Italian banker, art collector and intellectual of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, known today largely for the Giustiniani art collection, assembled at the Palazzo Giustiniani, near the Pantheon, in Rome, and at the family palazzo at Bassano by Vincenzo and his brother, Cardinal Benedetto, and for his patronage of the artist Caravaggio.

Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome
Palazzo Giustiniani or the Piccolo Colle (Little Hill) is a palace on the Via della Dogana Vecchia and Piazza della Rotonda, in Sant'Eustachio, Rome.

The palace contains the official residence of the President of the Senate of the Republic, the Sala Zuccari, the offices of the Life senators and former presidents of Italy, and some administrative offices. From 1901 until 1985, it was also the seat of the Masonic order of the Grand Orient of Italy.
Prospect Mountain High School
Prospect Mountain High School is a public high school located in Alton, New Hampshire, United States, and is attended by students from Alton and Barnstead. It is in the Prospect Mountain High School Joint Maintenance Agreement District.

It has been in operation since 2004. Prospect Mountain's athletic teams are known as the Timberwolves.

Barnstead, New Hampshire
Barnstead is a town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,915 at the 2020 census, up from 4,593 at the 2010 census. Home to the Suncook Lakes, Barnstead includes the villages of Center Barnstead, Barnstead Parade (identified as "Barnstead" on topographic maps) and South Barnstead.
Nimrod, Arkansas
Nimrod is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Arkansas, United States. The community is located along Arkansas Highway 60, 16 miles (26 km) west-southwest of Perryville.

The Fourche LaFave River Bridge and the Wallace Bridge, which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, are near the community.

Perry County, Arkansas
Perry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Its population was 10,019 at the 2020 United States census. The county seat is Perryville. The county was formed on December 18, 1840, and named for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, naval hero in the War of 1812. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.

Perry County is included in the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway metropolitan area.
Malcolm Wallop
Malcolm Wallop (February 27, 1933 – September 14, 2011) was an American rancher and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a United States Senator from Wyoming for three terms from 1977 to 1995, after three terms in the Wyoming Legislature.

Cate School
Cate School is a highly selective university-preparatory school for boarding and day students in grades 9–12 located in Carpinteria, California, eleven miles from Santa Barbara. In 2012, the school had 270 students, who came from 31 states and 18 foreign countries. In 2022, Niche ranked Cate School the best boarding school in California and the 13th-best in the United States.
Reamstown, Pennsylvania
Reamstown (Pennsylvania Dutch: Riemeschteddel) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,361 at the 2010 census.

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County (/ˈlæŋkɪstər/), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,984, making it Pennsylvania's sixth-most populous county. Its county seat is also Lancaster. Lancaster County comprises the Lancaster metropolitan statistical area. Lancaster County is a tourist destination with its Amish community being a major attraction. The ancestors of the Amish began to immigrate to colonial Pennsylvania in the early 18th century to take advantage of the religious freedom offered by William Penn, as well as the area's rich soil and mild climate. They were joined by French Huguenots fleeing the religious persecution of Louis XIV. There were also significant numbers of English, Welsh and Ulster Scots (also known as the Scotch-Irish in the colonies). The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Kimtah Glacier
Kimtah Glacier is in North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington, in a cirque to the west of Kimtah Peak and east of Cosho Peak. Both Kimtah and Cosho Peaks are prominent summits along a ridge known as Jagged Edge. Kimtah Glacier is just under 1 mi (1.6 km) in width and descends northward from 8,100 to 7,000 ft (2,500 to 2,100 m) and has four lobes.

Kimtah Peak
Kimtah Peak, elevation 8,600+ feet (2,620+ m), is in North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. Kimtah Peak is a summit along a ridge known as Ragged Ridge. Kimtah Glacier is on the northwest slopes of the peak, while Katsuk Glacier is to the northeast.
2023–24 Tennessee State Tigers basketball team
The 2023–24 Tennessee State Tigers basketball team represented Tennessee State University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers, led by sixth-year head coach Brian Collins, played their home games at the Gentry Complex in Nashville, Tennessee as members of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC).

The Tigers finished the season 18–15, 10–8 in OVC play, to finish in fifth place. They defeated Southern Indiana before falling to Western Illinois in the quarterfinals of the OVC tournament.

2023–24 Western Illinois Leathernecks men's basketball team
The 2023–24 Western Illinois Leathernecks men's basketball team represented Western Illinois University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Leathernecks, led by first-year head coach Chad Boudreau, played their home games at Western Hall in Macomb, Illinois as first-year members of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC).

The Leathernecks finished the season 21–12, 13–5 in OVC play, to finish in fourth place. They defeated Tennessee State before falling to Little Rock in the semifinals of the OVC tournament.
Pokémon Rumble Rush
Pokémon Rumble Rush was a  free-to-play mobile game developed by Ambrella and published by The Pokémon Company. It was the fifth entry in the Pokémon Rumble series. It was available from its release in Spring 2019 until its termination on 22 July 2020. Announced on 15 May 2019, it was first released in the Australian Google Play Store. The game was later released globally on 22 May 2019 for Android and 23 July 2019 for iOS. On 15 April 2020, it was announced that the game would be shutting down on 22 July 2020.

Ambrella
Ambrella Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 有限会社アンブレラ, Hepburn: Yūgen gaisha Anburera) was a Japanese video game development company that worked under a publishing agreement with Nintendo. They were best known for making spin-off games for the Pokémon video game franchise, particularly the Pokémon Rumble series. Ambrella was formerly a part of Marigul Management. In 2021 Creatures Inc acquired and dissolved Ambrella.
Sobrália
Sobrália is a municipality in Brazil in the state of Minas Gerais. Its population in 2020 was estimated to be 5,514 inhabitants. The name Sobrália came from a local Native American tribe referring to the flowers called sobralia.

This city is where former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Glover Teixeira was born.

It is also the ancestral home of Danbury, Connecticut City Councilman Farley Santos whose maternal Grandfather, Miguel Pereira Santiago was the first Mayor of Sobralia. His paternal Grandfather, Geraldo Jose “Duquinha” Viana was also a 2 term Mayor of Sobralia.

Glover Teixeira
Glover Lucas Teixeira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɡloveʁ tejˈʃejɾɐ]; born 28 October 1979) is a Brazilian-American former professional mixed martial artist. He competed in the Light Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion. Teixeira is a former member of the Brazilian National Wrestling Team and has competed in the WEC, Impact FC, PFC and Shooto. He is the second oldest UFC champion in history behind Randy Couture and the oldest first time champion in UFC history.
Eugène de Pousargues
Eugène de Pousargues (21 October 1859 – 24 January  1901) was a French zoologist born in Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais).

From 1885 he was an assistant to Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835–1900), and served as préparateur at the Laboratoire de Mammalogie of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. He died of septicaemia contracted when performing a dissection.

He was the author of a treatise on mammals from the French Congo titled "Étude sur les mammifères du Congo français" (1897), and with Milne-Edwards, he was co-author of "Le rhinopithèque de la vallée du Haut Mékong (rhinopithecus bieti, A. M.-E.)", (The snub-nosed monkey from the valley of the Upper Mekong River; 1898). He also published scientific papers on Thorold's deer, the black-footed mongoose and on new gibbon and guenon species.

An African carnivore known as Pousargues's mongoose, Dologale dybowskii (Pousargues, 1893), is named after him.

Pousargues's mongoose
Pousargues's mongoose (Dologale dybowskii), also known as the African tropical savannah mongoose, is a mongoose native to Central Africa. It is listed as data deficient on the IUCN Red List as little is known about its distribution and ecology. It is the only species in the genus Dologale.

Up to the late 20th century, it was known from only around 30 zoological specimens in natural history museum collections.
Bantoo Singh
Bantoo Singh (born 17 February 1963), also spelled as Bantu Singh, is a former Indian first-class cricketer who played for Delhi cricket team from 1985/86 to 1995/96. In 2005, he became a selector for the Delhi District Cricket Association.

Delhi cricket team
The Delhi cricket team is a first-class cricket team based in Delhi, run by the Delhi & District Cricket Association. It plays in the Ranji Trophy, India's first-class competition, as well as in the limited-overs competition, the Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. They have won the Ranji Trophy seven times and have been runners-up eight. Their latest title in 2007-08 came after 16 years. The team's home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium.
New Tomorrow (album)
New Tomorrow is the third studio album by the Serbian Irish folk/Celtic rock band Irish Stew of Sindidun, released in 2011.

The album  was released on October 6, available both on CD, released by One Records, and in a form of multimedia application, available for free download from the band's official website.

Irish Stew of Sindidun
Irish Stew of Sindidun (often referred to as Irish Stew only) is a Serbian Celtic rock band from Belgrade. While initially playing Irish folk music, the band later made a shift towards light punk rock, inspired by Irish folk music and other genres. Beside their own songs, the band performs covers of Irish traditional songs and songs by The Pogues.
Kovčín
Kovčín is a municipality and village in Klatovy District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants.

Kovčín lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Klatovy, 41 km (25 mi) south-east of Plzeň, and 95 km (59 mi) south-west of Prague.

Klatovy District
Klatovy District (Czech: Okres Klatovy) is a district in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Klatovy. With an area of 1,946 km2 (751 sq mi), it is the largest district in the country.
Arcuate line of rectus sheath
The arcuate line of rectus sheath (the arcuate line or the semicircular line of Douglas) is a line of demarcation corresponding to the free inferior margin of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath inferior to which only the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is present and the rectus abdominis muscle is therefore in direct contact with the transversalis fascia. The arcuate line is concave inferior-wards.

The arcuate line is visible upon the inner surface of the abdominal wall. The arcuate line may be a well-defined, or may be represented by a gradual waning of the aponeurotic fibres with concomitant increasing prominence of the transversalis fascia. The arcuate line occurs about midway between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis, however, this varies from person to person.

The inferior epigastric artery and vein pass across the arcuate line to enter the rectus sheath.

Rectus abdominis muscle
The rectus abdominis,  (Latin: straight abdominal) also known as the "abdominal muscle" or simply better known as the "abs", and sometimes informally referred to as the "six-pack", is a pair of segmented skeletal muscle on the ventral aspect of a person's abdomen. The paired muscle is separated at the midline by a band of dense connective tissue called the linea alba, and the connective tissue defining each lateral margin of the rectus abdominus is the linea semilunaris. The muscle extends from the pubic symphysis, pubic crest and pubic tubercle inferiorly, to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of the 5th–7th ribs superiorly.

The rectus abdominis muscle is contained in the rectus sheath, which consists of the aponeuroses of the lateral abdominal muscles. Each rectus abdominus is traversed by bands of connective tissue called the tendinous intersections, which interrupt it into distinct muscle bellies.