hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Sky Lords
The Sky Lords (1988) is a science fiction novel by the Australian author, John Brosnan. It was published by VGSF and is the first book in the Sky Lords trilogy. It was followed in 1989 by War of the Sky Lords and in 1991 by The Fall of the Sky Lords.

Victor Gollancz Ltd
Victor Gollancz Ltd (/ɡəˈlænts/) was a major British book publishing house of the twentieth century and continues to publish science fiction and fantasy titles as an imprint of Orion Publishing Group.

Gollancz was founded in 1927 by Victor Gollancz, and specialised in the publication of high-quality literature, nonfiction, and popular fiction, including crime, detective, mystery, thriller, and science fiction. Upon Gollancz's death in 1967, ownership passed to his daughter, Livia, who in 1989 sold it to Houghton Mifflin. Three years later in October 1992, Houghton Mifflin sold Gollancz to the publishing house Cassell & Co. Cassell and its parent company Orion Publishing Group were acquired by Hachette in 1996, and in December 1998 the merged Orion/Cassell group turned Gollancz into its science fiction/fantasy imprint.
Thomas R. Fitzgerald (Jesuit)
Thomas Rollins Fitzgerald, S.J. (February 23, 1922 – March 22, 2004) was an American Jesuit priest who served as the sixth president of Fairfield University from 1973 to 1979 and the 30th president of Saint Louis University from 1979 to 1987.

Fairfield University
Fairfield University is a private Jesuit university in Fairfield, Connecticut. It was founded by the Jesuits in 1942. In the fall of 2024, the university had about 5,400 full-time undergraduate students and 1,500 graduate students, including full-time and part-time students. It offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its five schools and colleges.
Raj Prasad Upadhyay
Raj Prasad Upadhyay is an Indian politician and a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly from the Sadar Assembly constituency of the Sultanpur district. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Eighteenth Uttar Pradesh Assembly (Eighteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) is formed by the members elected in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. Elections for 403 seats of the state, were conducted in seven phases from 10 February 2022 to 7 March 2022 by the Election Commission of India. The votes were counted and results were declared on 10 March 2022.

Satish Mahana was elected as the speaker of the assembly.
Lindhard theory
In condensed matter physics, Lindhard theory is a method of calculating the effects of electric field screening by electrons in a solid. It is based on quantum mechanics (first-order perturbation theory) and the random phase approximation. It is named after Danish physicist Jens Lindhard, who first developed the theory in 1954.

Thomas–Fermi screening, plasma oscillations and Friedel oscillations can be derived as a special case of the more general Lindhard formula. In particular, Thomas–Fermi screening is the limit of the Lindhard formula when the wavevector (the reciprocal of the length-scale of interest) is much smaller than the Fermi wavevector, i.e. the long-distance limit. The Lorentz–Drude expression for the plasma oscillations are recovered in the dynamic case (long wavelengths, finite frequency).

This article uses cgs-Gaussian units.

Plasma oscillation
Plasma oscillations, also known as Langmuir waves (eponymously after Irving Langmuir), are rapid oscillations of the electron density in conductive media, most notably plasmas as well as metals, at frequencies typically corresponding to the ultraviolet band of the electromagnetic spectrum. The oscillations can be described as an instability in the dielectric function of a free electron gas. The frequency depends only weakly on the wavelength of the oscillation. The quasiparticle resulting from the quantization of these oscillations is the plasmon.

Langmuir waves were discovered by American physicists Irving Langmuir and Lewi Tonks in the 1920s. They are parallel in form to Jeans instability waves, which are caused by gravitational instabilities in a static medium.
Roko maršas
Roko maršas (The March of Rock) was a rock music festival, organized in various cities of Lithuania between 1987 and 1989, and then resurrected in 1996 and 1997. The first festivals were organized while Lithuania was still under the Soviet occupation. They became part of the Singing Revolution, spreading ideas of the Lithuanian independence movement among young people. The first three festivals attracted an estimated 150,000 spectators, and became a rehearsal for the mass protest rallies by Sąjūdis that lead to the restoration of Lithuania's independence.

Sąjūdis
The Sąjūdis (Lithuanian: [ˈsâːjuːdʲɪs], lit. 'Movement'), initially known as the Reform Movement of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdis), is a political organisation which led the struggle for Lithuanian independence in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was established on 3 June 1988 as the first opposition party in Soviet Lithuania, and was led by Vytautas Landsbergis. Its goal was to seek the return of independent status for Lithuania.
Yanga derailment
The Yanga derailment occurred on 21 June 2010 when a train traveling between Brazzaville and Pointe Noire in the Republic of the Congo was derailed and plunged into a ravine. At least 60 people were initially reported to have been killed and hundreds disappeared with the death toll expected to rise further. The death toll had risen to 76 people and the injury toll had risen to 745 by 23 June 2010.

The derailment compares with a similar incident which killed 100 people and injured 300 others in the Republic of the Congo's deadliest such incident in the country's history back in September 1991. A chronological list of rail accidents since 2002 provided by The Daily Telegraph suggests this is the deadliest rail disaster since 28 April 2008 when at least 70 people were killed in China.

Pointe-Noire
Pointe-Noire (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t.nwaʁ]; Kongo: Njinji, French: Ndjindji with the letter d following French spelling standards) is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo (behind the capital of Brazzaville), with a population of 1,420,612 inhabitants in 2023. It is also an autonomous department and a commune since the 2002 constitution; before this date it was the capital of the Kouilou region (now a separate department). It is situated on a headland between Pointe-Noire Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Pointe-Noire is the main economic centre of the country.
Alia Leat
Alia Neve Leat (born 27 May 2005) is an English artistic gymnast and British national team member. She was all-around and floor champion at the 2025 British Gymnastics Championships. She has represented Great Britain at the 2025 European Championships and the 2025 World Championships. As a junior Leat competed at the 2019 Junior World Championships alongside Jessica and Jennifer Gadirova.

She trains at Heathrow Gymnastics Club.

Great Britain women's national artistic gymnastics team
The Great Britain women's national artistic gymnastics team represents Great Britain in FIG international competitions. After winning the bronze medal at the 1928 Olympics, the British team have placed consistently well in modern-day 21st-century artistic gymnastics. In October 2015, they won their first World Championships team medal, taking home a bronze. They won a second Olympic team bronze at the 2020 Olympic Games. The following year the team took silver at the 2022 World Championships.
Dog Fashion Disco
Dog Fashion Disco (often shortened to DFD) is an American avant-garde/alternative metal band from Rockville, Maryland. They were originally active from 1995 to 2007, then disbanded before reuniting in October 2013.

Avant-garde metal
Avant-garde metal (also known as avant-metal, experimental metal, art metal and experimetal) is a subgenre of heavy metal music loosely defined by use of experimentation and innovative, avant-garde elements, including non-standard and unconventional sounds, instruments, song structures, playing styles, and vocal techniques. Avant-garde metal is influenced by progressive rock and extreme metal, particularly death metal, and is closely related to progressive metal. Some local scenes include Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, and Seattle in the United States, Oslo in Norway, and Tokyo in Japan.
Comic Beam
Comic Beam (Japanese: コミックビーム, Hepburn: Komikku Bīmu) is a Japanese montly manga magazine published by Kadokawa. It publishes seinen manga, though critics have described it as being distinct from other seinen manga magazines and described it as an alternative manga magazine instead. Titles published in the magazine include Desert Punk by Masatoshi Usune, Emma by Kaoru Mori, Wandering Son by Takako Shimura, and Thermae Romae by Mari Yamazaki.

The magazine was launched in November 1995 by ASCII as a successor to Famicomi and ASCII Comics. Enterbrain acquired the magazine in 2000, before they were merged with Kadokawa in 2013. The magazine has struggled with low sales throughout its history, though it has managed to cultivate a small audience of hardcore comics enthusiasts.

Kadokawa Corporation
Kadokawa Corporation (Japanese: 株式会社KADOKAWA, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Kadokawa), formerly Kadokawa Dwango Corporation, is a Japanese conglomerate based in Fujimi, Chiyoda, Tokyo.

Created as a result of the merger of the original Kadokawa Corporation and Dwango Co., Ltd. on October 1, 2014, the company has holdings in entertainment (including anime and video game studios), publishing, and real estate among other assets.

Kadokawa is a member of the Motion Picture Association of Japan (MPPAJ) and is therefore one of the youngest of Japan's Big Four film studios.
United States House Committee on Commerce
The United States House Committee on Commerce was a standing committee of the U.S. House from 1819 until 1892; it was established when the previous Committee on Commerce and Manufactures, which has existed since 1795, was split into two different committees.  The committee existed until 1891, when its name was changed to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

Its issues and jurisdictions have variably flowed through several iterations and currently rest within the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce
The Committee on Energy and Commerce is one of the oldest standing committees of the United States House of Representatives. Established in 1795, it has operated continuously—with various name changes and jurisdictional changes—for more than 200 years. The two other House standing committees with such continuous operation are the House Ways and Means Committee and the House Rules Committee. The committee has served as the principal guide for the House in matters relating to the promotion of commerce and to the public's health and marketplace interests, with the relatively recent addition of energy considerations among them. Due to its broad jurisdiction, it is considered one of the most powerful committees in the House.
The Deposition from the Cross (Stavrakis)
The Deposition from the Cross or Descent from the Cross is a tempera painting created by Greek painter Stylianos Stavrakis.  He was active during the early part of the 1700s.  His nephew and brother were also famous painters.  His nephew Demetrios Stavrakis was also his pupil.  He was also a goldsmith.  Most of his works were completed on the island of Zakynthos.  He was a representative of the Heptanese school and Greek Rococo.  Fourteen of his paintings survived.

Countless Greek and Italian paintings have been created representing Christ on the cross.  The Descent from the Cross is part of the Passion series.  The Deposition from the Cross shows the moment when Christ's body is removed from the cross and taken for burial.  Artists have artistically reanimated the event in paintings.  Well-known versions include works by Duccio, Ioannis Apakas, and Nikolaos Kantounis.  Stavraki's painting can be found in Athens Greece at the  Benaki Museum.

Ioannis Apakas
Ιoannis Apakas (Greek: Ιωάννης Απακάς; mid 1500s – early 1600s), also known as Johann Apakass, was a Greek painter and priest, active in the later 16th and early 17th centuries. The Italo-Byzantine style of his first paintings evolved under the influence of more refined works by Cretan school and Venetian artists. In his maturity, Apakas showed stylistic affinities with Michael Damaskinos, Georgios Klontzas, Victor of Crete and Leos and Elias Moskos.

Apakas was a popular artist in his day. Ten of his paintings have survived, and are featured in public foundations, private collections, churches and monasteries, mostly in Greece. His most notable work is Ignatius of Antioch, whose lions were emulated by many subsequent Cretan School artists.
Alabama State Route 53
State Route 53 (SR 53) is a 345.287-mile (555.686 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Alabama. The majority, between Dothan and Huntsville, is signed as U.S. Route 231 (US 231), but the two ends – south to Florida and north to I-65/US 31 near Tennessee – are independent. In those areas, US 231 uses SR 1, sharing the route with US 431 north of Huntsville, where it is referred to as Memorial Parkway.

An 18-mile-long (29 km) stretch of SR 53, from Research Park Boulevard in Huntsville to just south of Ardmore, is designated as the "Paul Luther Bolden Memorial Highway" in honor of Paul L. Bolden, a Medal of Honor recipient and Madison County's most-decorated World War II veteran.

Interstate 65 in Alabama
Interstate 65 (I-65) meanders across 366 miles (589 km) of the Alabama countryside linking six of the state's 10 largest cities. The highway links together many important roadways that make commerce inside and outside of the state's boundaries possible. It starts at I-10 near Mobile. The route passes through or near the major cities of Montgomery, Birmingham, Decatur, Huntsville, and Athens before entering Tennessee in the north near the town of Ardmore, Alabama.

The entire Alabama portion of I-65 is dedicated as Heroes Highway in honor of Central Intelligence Agency officer Johnny Micheal Spann and all of the people who died during the September 11 attacks.
Kannapolis Cannon Ballers
The Kannapolis Cannon Ballers are a Minor League Baseball team of the Carolina League and the Single-A affiliate of the Chicago White Sox. They are located in Kannapolis, North Carolina, and play their home games at Atrium Health Ballpark. The team was established in 1995 as the Piedmont Phillies. From 1996 to 2000, they were known as the Piedmont Boll Weevils. From 2001 to 2019, they were known as the Kannapolis Intimidators, after Kannapolis native NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt, who was known as "The Intimidator," purchased a share of the team before the 2001 season.

Carolina League
The Carolina League is a Minor League Baseball league which has operated along the Atlantic Coast of the United States since 1945. Having been classified at various levels throughout its existence,: 23  it operated at Class A-Advanced from 1990 until its demotion to Single-A following Major League Baseball's 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues. The league temporarily operated for the 2021 season as the Low-A East before reassuming its original moniker in 2022.

The organization that later became the Carolina League formed in 1945, just as World War II was ending, and consisted of eight teams,  six from North Carolina and two from southern Virginia. This later grew to as many as 12 teams at times.
Pavlina Nola
Pavlina Stoyanova-Nola (Bulgarian: Павлина Стоянова-Нола) (born 14 July 1974) is a former tennis player who played for both Bulgaria (up to May 2001) and New Zealand (since June 2001) in her professional career.

Bulgaria Billie Jean King Cup team
The Bulgaria women's national tennis team (Bulgarian: Отбор на България за Фед Къп, romanized: Otbor na Balgariya za Fed Kap) represents Bulgaria in Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Bulgarian Tennis Federation.
Doris Brown Heritage
Doris Elaine Brown Heritage (born September 17, 1942) is a retired American runner. She won the International Cross Country Championships five times in a row, in 1967–1971. She collected silver medals in the 800 m at the Pan American Games in 1967 and 1971. She placed fifth in the event at the 1968 Mexico Olympics. Brown Heritage briefly held the world record in the 3000 m in 1971. She was the first woman to clock a sub five-minute mile indoors. After retiring from competitions she had a long career as a running coach, and helped prepare the national women's team to the 1984 Summer Olympics. Brown Heritage was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame, National Track Coaches Hall of Fame and National Distance Running Hall of Fame.

U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association
The U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association (USTFCCCA) is a New Orleans–based non-profit professional association representing men's and women's cross country and track & field coaches in the United States. The organization includes thousands of coaches from the NCAA, NAIA, NJCAA, and state high school athletic associations.

The group serves as an advocate for coaches, providing a national forum to address their needs. It also serves as a lobbyist for coaches' interests, and a "liaison between the various stakeholders" in the sport.
E Pluribus Unum (sculpture)
E Pluribus Unum is a public artwork proposed by American artist Fred Wilson to be located along the Indianapolis Cultural Trail at the northeast corner of Delaware and Washington streets, near the City-County Building in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.

Funded solely by private donations and fundraising by the Central Indiana Community Foundation (CICF), the sculpture was scheduled to be unveiled on September 22, 2011, the 149th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's initial reading of the Emancipation Proclamation to members of his Cabinet. However, due to an increase of public opposition to the project beginning in September 2010, the future of the statue was discussed in a series of community meetings in 2011. On December 13, 2011, the Central Indiana Community Foundation announced that the project would be temporarily canceled.

Indianapolis Cultural Trail
The Indianapolis Cultural Trail, officially the Indianapolis Cultural Trail: A Legacy of Gene & Marilyn Glick, is an 8.1-mile-long (13.0 km) urban shared-use path and linear park located in the vicinity of downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. The trail is often compared to other popular bicycle and pedestrian paths across the U.S. and has inspired similar projects throughout the U.S. and Canada.
Ohio State Route 109
State Route 109 (SR 109) is a 52.9-mile (85.1 km) state route that runs between Ottawa and the Michigan state line in the US state of Ohio. It crosses a major river, the Maumee, east of Napoleon. Most of the route is a rural two-lane highway and passes through both farmland and residential properties.

The highway was first signed in 1930 on much the same alignment as today. SR 109 replaced the SR 65 designation, between SR 110 and the Michigan state line, that dates back to 1923. Some of the highway was paved in 1930, with the rest of the route being paved in 1939.

Maumee River
The Maumee River (pronounced /mɔːˈmiː/) (Shawnee: Hotaawathiipi; Miami-Illinois: Taawaawa siipiiwi) is a river running in the Midwestern United States from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie. It is formed at the confluence of the St. Joseph and St. Marys rivers, where Fort Wayne, Indiana, has developed, and meanders northeastwardly for 137 miles (220 km) through an agricultural region of glacial moraines before flowing into the Maumee Bay of Lake Erie. The city of Toledo is located at the mouth of the Maumee. The Maumee was designated an Ohio State Scenic River on July 18, 1974. The Maumee watershed is Ohio's breadbasket; it is two-thirds farmland, mostly corn and soybeans. It is the largest watershed of any of the rivers feeding the Great Lakes, and supplies five percent of Lake Erie's water.
Bauer Pottery
J.A. Bauer Pottery is an American pottery that was founded in Paducah, Kentucky in 1885 and operated for most of its life in Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles.  It closed in 1962. In 2000, a new company re-established the Bauer brand. It produces reproductions of Bauer dishes from the 1930s and 1940s in original and new colors.

Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles
Lincoln Heights is one of the oldest neighborhoods in Los Angeles, California, United States. It was originally called "East Los Angeles" from 1873 to 1917. It is a densely populated, mostly Latino and Asian neighborhood that includes many historic landmarks and was known as "the Bedroom of the Pueblo".
Sprowa
Sprowa [ˈsprɔva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słupia, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Słupia, 30 km (19 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and 61 km (38 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Słupia, Jędrzejów County
Słupia [ˈswupja] is a village in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Słupia. It lies approximately 24 km (15 mi) west of Jędrzejów and 56 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.
Prästö, Åland
Prästö (lit. 'Priest Island') is an island in the municipality of Sund in Åland, Finland. It is connected to the Åland Mainland by the Bomarsund Bridge crossing the narrow Bomarsund Strait. Prästö is located next to the ruins of the Bomarsund Fortress, the place of the 1856 Crimean War Battle of Bomarsund. The island is known of its rich military history, especially of the six Russian military cemeteries established in the 19th century. Because of the graveyards, Prästö was once known as the ″Island of the Dead″.

The island hosts a campsite and two museums showing the history of Prästö and the Bomarsund Fortress.

Battle of Bomarsund
The Battle of Bomarsund, in August 1854, took place during the Åland War, which was part of the Crimean War, when an Anglo-French expeditionary force besieged, captured, and subsequently destroyed a Russian fortress. It was the only major action of the war to take place at Bomarsund in the Baltic Sea.
Pillar Island
Pillar Island or Tsing Chau was an island in the Kwai Chung area of Hong Kong, sitting at the mouth of Gin Drinkers Bay, by the side of the Rambler Channel, opposite Tsing Yi Island.

In the 1960s, the bay was reclaimed and Tsing Chau became a land extension of Kwai Chung, the south of which is Kwai Tsing Container Terminals. In the early 1970s, a cross-channel bridge, Tsing Yi Bridge, was built landing on Kwai Chung where the island once was. The Kwai Chung Incineration Plant once stood on what was originally the north side of the island. It was closed and partly demolished in the early 1990s.

Kwai Chung
Kwai Chung is an urban area within Tsuen Wan New Town in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Together with Tsing Yi Island, it is part of the Kwai Tsing District of Hong Kong. It is also part of Tsuen Wan New Town.

In 2000, it had a population of 287,000. Its area is 9.93 km2. Areas within Kwai Chung include: Kwai Fong, Kwai Hing, Lai King, Tai Wo Hau. Kwai Chung is the site of part of the container port of Hong Kong.