hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Area codes 408 and 669
Area codes 408 and 669 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) in the U.S. state of California. The numbering plan area comprises most of Santa Clara County and Northern Santa Cruz County, and includes Gilroy, Morgan Hill, Saratoga, Los Gatos, Monte Sereno, Milpitas, Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, Cupertino, Campbell, and San Jose.

Area code 408 was split from area code 415 in 1959. The numbering plan area was reduced in geographic extent in 1998 for the creation of area code 831. In 2012, area code 669 was assigned as a second area code for same numbering plan area by overlay.

Santa Cruz County, California
Santa Cruz County (/ˌsæntə ˈkruːz/ ⓘ), officially the County of Santa Cruz, is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 270,861. The county seat is Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. The county is on the California Central Coast, south of the San Francisco Bay Area region. The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay, with Monterey County forming the southern coast.
Sickle cell trait
Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele (is homozygous). Those who are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele produce both normal and abnormal hemoglobin (the two alleles are codominant with respect to the actual concentration of hemoglobin in the circulating cells).

Sickle cell disease is a blood disorder wherein there is a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein of the red blood cells, which causes these cells to assume a sickle shape, especially when under low oxygen tension. Sickling confers some resistance to malaria parasitization of red blood cells, so that individuals with sickle-cell trait (heterozygotes) have a selective advantage in environments where malaria is present.

Hemoglobin subunit beta
Hemoglobin subunit beta (beta globin, β-globin, haemoglobin beta, hemoglobin beta) is a globin protein, coded for by the HBB gene, which along with alpha globin (HBA), makes up the most common form of haemoglobin in adult humans, hemoglobin A (HbA). It is 147 amino acids long and has a molecular weight of 15,867 Da. Normal adult human HbA is a heterotetramer consisting of two alpha chains and two beta chains.

β-globin is encoded by the HBB gene on human chromosome 11. Mutations in the gene produce several variants of the proteins which are implicated with genetic disorders such as sickle-cell disease and beta thalassemia, as well as beneficial traits such as genetic resistance to malaria. At least 50 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered.
Michael Neser
Michael Gertges Neser (/ˈniːsər/ NEE-sər; born 29 March 1990) is an Australian professional cricketer. In domestic cricket, he represents Queensland, and the Brisbane Heat in the Big Bash League, as well as Glamorgan in the County Championship, Royal London One-Day Cup and T20 Blast. He made his international debut for Australia in June 2018. He was a member of the Australian team that won the 2023 ICC World Test Championship final.

Queensland cricket team
The Queensland men's cricket team (also known as the Queensland Bulls) are an Australian men's professional cricket team based in Queensland. The team competes in Sheffield Shield, the highest level of Australia domestic first class cricket, since the 1926–27 season, as well as the One-Day Cup, the highest level of Australian domestic one-day, since its inception in 1969–70. They also competed in the now defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash.
Marcus Stock (rugby league)
Marcus Stock (born 1 May 1996) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row, loose forward and prop for the London Broncos in the Betfred Championship.

He previously played for the Hemel Stags in League 1, the York City Knights in the Championship, and on loan from York at the Coventry Bears in League 1. He also represented the London Padel team with his great friend Lionel Jefferson in 2025.

York Knights
The York Knights are the professional rugby league team of York RLFC, based in York, England. The club play their home games at York Community Stadium and competes in the Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

The club, which was founded as the York City Knights, is a  phoenix club established after the original York club folded in 2002. The Knights played in blue and white until 2017 when they reverted to the city's traditional home colours of amber and black. The club was renamed as York RLFC in 2022 with the men's team continuing to be known as the Knights and the women's team becoming the Valkyrie.
Formans
The Formans (French pronunciation: [fɔʁmɑ̃] ⓘ) is a small river in eastern France. It rises in the Dombes plateau in the Ain department and the 
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It flows into the Saône between Saint-Bernard and Trévoux. It is 16.9 km (10.5 mi) long.

Dombes
The Dombes (French: [dɔ̃b] ⓘ; Arpitan: Domba) is an area in eastern France, once an independent municipality, formerly part of the province of Burgundy, and now a district comprised in the department of Ain, and bounded on the west by the Saône River, on the south by the Rhône, on the east by the Ain and on the north by the district of Bresse.
SpringCM
SpringCM is a secure cloud platform that manages sales contracts and all types of documents across desktop, mobile and partner applications like Salesforce. SpringCM manages the entire contract life-cycle with advanced workflows that automate manual tasks and complex processes. Built on its own cloud infrastructure platform, SpringCM is a content delivery network for performance, availability, and security.

Its corporate headquarters is located in Chicago, Illinois. In 2016, SpringCM opened two new offices in San Francisco and London, and in 2018 SpringCM opened an office in Bucharest. It has received the most 5-star reviews of any Salesforce AppExchange partner for Contract Management.

On July 31, 2018, DocuSign announced plans to acquire SpringCM for $220 million. On September 4, 2018, DocuSign acquired SpringCM Solution.

Salesforce
Salesforce, Inc., is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides applications focused on sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, artificial intelligence, agentic AI, and application development.

Founded by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff in March 1999, Salesforce grew quickly, making its initial public offering in 2004. As of September 2025, Salesforce is the 61st largest company in the world by market cap with a value of nearly US$238 billion. It became the world's largest enterprise applications firm in 2022. Salesforce ranked 491st on the 2023 edition of the Fortune 500, making $31.352 billion in revenue. Since 2020, Salesforce has also been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Cartan matrix
In mathematics, the term Cartan matrix has three meanings.  All of these are named after the French mathematician Élie Cartan. Amusingly, the Cartan matrices in the context of Lie algebras were first investigated by Wilhelm Killing, whereas the Killing form is due to Cartan.

Killing form
In mathematics, the Killing form, named after Wilhelm Killing, is a symmetric bilinear form that plays a basic role in the theories of Lie groups and Lie algebras. Cartan's criteria (criterion of solvability and criterion of semisimplicity) show that Killing form has a close relationship to the semisimplicity of the Lie algebras.
12th Magritte Awards
The 12th Magritte Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie André Delvaux, honored the best films of 2022 in Belgium. It took place on 4 March 2023, at the Théâtre National, in the historic site of Marais-Jacqmain, Brussels. During the ceremony, the Académie André Delvaux presented Magritte Awards in 23 categories. The ceremony was televised in Belgium by La Trois. Actress Lubna Azabal presided the ceremony, while director Patrick Ridremont hosted the show for the first time.

The nominees for the 12th Magritte Awards were announced on 10 February 2023. Films with the most nominations were Close with ten, followed by Zero Fucks Given with nine and Nobody Has to Know with seven. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on 4 March 2023. Nobody Has to Know won two awards, including Best Film and Best Director for Bouli Lanners. Other multiple winners were Close with seven, Zero Fucks Given with three, and The Night of the 12th with two.

2022 in film
2022 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, critics' lists of the best films of 2022, festivals, a list of country-specific lists of films released, and notable deaths. Universal Pictures and Paramount Pictures celebrated their 110th anniversary, Motion Picture Association celebrated their 100th anniversary, Aardman celebrated its 50th anniversary and Illumination celebrated its 15th anniversary.
G. S. Ghurye
Govind Sadashiv Ghurye (12 December 1893 – 28 December 1983) was a pioneering Indian academic who was a professor of sociology. In 1924, he became the second person to head the Department of Sociology at the University of Bombay. And, is widely regarded as the founder of Indian Sociology & Sociology in India.

University of Mumbai
University of Mumbai is a public state university in Mumbai. It is one of the largest university systems in the world with over 549,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. As of 2013, the university had 711 affiliated colleges.

It was established in 1857 as the University of Bombay following a dispatch from Sir Charles Wood, President of the Board of Control, to Governor-General Lord Dalhousie. There are courses available covering science, commerce and the arts.
Hui Chen (economist)
Hui Chen is the Nomura Professor of Finance and a Professor of Finance at the MIT Sloan School of Management and a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Hui Chen is a co-editor of the Annual Review of Financial Economics.

National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

Many chairpersons of the Council of Economic Advisers were previously NBER research associates, including the former NBER president and Harvard professor Martin Feldstein. The NBER's current president and CEO is James M. Poterba of MIT.
Maksymilian Cygalski
Maksymillian Cygalski (September 17, 1900 – October 5, 1939) was a Polish telegrapher and patriot who fought in the Greater Poland Uprising in (1918–1919) and defended  The Polish Post Office In Danzig on September 1, 1939.

Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig
The Defence of the Polish Post Office in Gdańsk (Danzig) was one of the first acts of World War II in Europe, as part of the September Campaign.: 39, 42  On 1 September 1939 the Invasion of Poland was initiated by Germany when the battleship Schleswig-Holstein opened fire on the Polish-controlled harbor of Danzig, around 04:45. Danzig paramilitaries and police, supported by Germany, immediately joined the offensive to take full control of the city, by capturing the Polish post office. Polish personnel defended the building for some 15 hours against assaults by the SS Heimwehr Danzig (SS Danzig Home Defence), local SA formations and special units of Danzig police. All but four of the defenders, who were able to escape from the building during the surrender, were sentenced to death by a German court martial as illegal combatants on 5 October 1939, and executed (the judgement was later acknowledged as judicial murder).
Dream 14
Dream 14 was a mixed martial arts event held by Fighting and Entertainment Group's mixed martial arts promotion Dream. The event took place on May 29, 2010 in Japan. The event aired live in North America on HDNet.

Dream (mixed martial arts)
Dream (styled DREAM in capitals) was a Japanese mixed martial arts (MMA) organization promoted by former PRIDE FC executives and K-1 promoter Fighting and Entertainment Group (FEG).

Dream replaced FEG's previous-run mixed martial arts fight series, Hero's. It retained many of the stylistic flourishes and personnel from Pride FC broadcasts, including fight introducer Lenne Hardt.

They promoted over 20 shows highlighting Japanese and international talent, establishing or enhancing the careers of fighters such as Shinya Aoki, Gesias Cavalcante, Tatsuya Kawajiri, Ronaldo Jacaré, Eddie Alvarez, Jason Miller, Kazushi Sakuraba, Gegard Mousasi and Alistair Overeem.

Dream became defunct as FEG went bankupt in 2012, ending with a final New Year's Eve event later that year. In 2015, most of the old personnel from both Pride FC and Dream founded Rizin Fighting Federation as a successor.
Temple at Uppsala
The Temple at Uppsala was long held to be a religious centre in the Norse religion once located at what became Gamla Uppsala (Swedish "Old Uppsala"), Sweden attested in Adam of Bremen's 11th-century work Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum and in Heimskringla, written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century. Uppsala has for long been exposed to fanciful theories about the implications of these descriptions of the temple and of the findings of archaeological excavations in the area, including findings of extensive wooden structures and log lines from the 5th century which allegedly played a supporting role to activities at the site, including ritual sacrifice. According to sources from the later Middle Ages the temple was destroyed by King Inge the Elder in the 1080s, but there are no contemporary sources to support that.

Adam of Bremen
Adam of Bremen (Latin: Adamus Bremensis; German: Adam von Bremen; before 1050 – 12 October 1081/1085) was a German medieval chronicler. He lived and worked in the second half of the eleventh century. Adam is most famous for his chronicle Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum (Deeds of Bishops of the Hamburg Church). He was "one of the foremost historians and early ethnographers of the medieval period".

In his chronicle, he included a chapter mentioning the Norse outpost of Vinland, and was thus the first European to write about the New World.
Met-enkephalin
Met-enkephalin, also known as metenkefalin (INN), sometimes referred to as opioid growth factor (OGF), is a naturally occurring, endogenous opioid peptide that has opioid effects of a relatively short duration. It is one of the two forms of enkephalin, the other being leu-enkephalin. The enkephalins are considered to be the primary endogenous ligands of the δ-opioid receptor, due to their high potency and selectivity for the site over the other endogenous opioids.

Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects.
Bhojpuri people
The Bhojpuri people, also known as Bhojpuriya-sawb (Devanagari: भोजपुरिया सब; Kaithi: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲𑂨𑂰 𑂮𑂥; Romanized: bhojapuriyā sab) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent who speak the Bhojpuri language and inhabit the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region. This area is now divided between the western part of the Indian state of Bihar, the eastern part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, western part of the Indian state of Jharkhand, along with some neighbouring districts in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh as well as the Madhesh province and Lumbini province of Nepal. A significant population of the Bihari diaspora of Bhojpuris can be found in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, other parts of the Caribbean, Fiji, South Africa (Natal), Seychelles, Mauritius, United States, Canada, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.

Lumbini Province
Lumbini Province (Nepali: लुम्बिनी प्रदेश, romanized: Lumbinī pradēśa, IPA: [lumbiniː]) is a province in western Nepal. The country's third largest province in terms of area as well as population, Lumbini is home to the World Heritage Site of Lumbini, where according to Buddhist tradition Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born.

Lumbini borders Gandaki Province and Karnali Province to the north, Sudurpashchim Province to the west, and Uttar Pradesh and Bihar of India to the south. Lumbini's capital, Deukhuri, is near the geographic center of the province. The major cities in the province are Butwal and Siddharthanagar in Rupandehi district, Nepalgunj in Banke district, Tansen in Palpa district, and Ghorahi and Tulsipur in Dang district.
Arsenii Dukhno
Arsenii Andreevich Dukhno (Russian: Арсений Андреевич Духно; born 5 August 2008) is a Russian artistic gymnast currently competing as an individual neutral athlete.  He is the 2025 Junior World all-around and vault champion.

2025 Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2025 Junior World Artistic Gymnastics Championships was the third edition of the Artistic Gymnastics Junior World Championships, held from 20 to 24 November 2025 in Newport World Resorts, Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines. The event was originally slated from 12 to 21 July 2025 but was moved to its current schedule.
Raffles' Bust
Raffles' Bust refers to multiple busts of British Colonial Official Stamford Raffles, though mainly a marble bust created by Francis Leggatt Chantrey in 1817 that honours Raffles' contributions to the Batavian Society of Arts and Science and is believed to have been destroyed by the sinking of the Fame in 1818. At least two replicas of the bust using different materials were created after sinking using a plaster copy Chantrey had, most prominently one in the Zoological Society of London and Raffles' institution.

The original bust was proposed by members of the Batavian Society of Arts and Science as a token of gratitude for Stamford Raffles. It was later commissioned by Raffles to sculptor Francis Leggatt Chantrey on 17 October 1817 after Raffles was recently knighted. When Raffles returned to Sumatra, he gave the bust to his wife for safekeeping. His wife brought it on the Fame, which sunk on February 2, 1824.

Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences
The Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences (Dutch: Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 1778–1962) was a Dutch learned society in Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia).: 12

The society was founded in 1778 by naturalist Jacob Cornelis Matthieu Radermacher as the Bataviaasch Genootschap der Kunsten en Wetenschappen (Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences) and granted the Koninklijk status and thus assumed its currently referred name in 1910.

After Indonesian independence in 1949, it was renamed the Lembaga Kebudajaan Indonesia in 1950, and 1962 ceased operation. Its collection is now in the Museum Nasional.
Gavas Mugyenyi
Major General Gavas Mugyenyi, also Garvas Mugyenyi is a senior military officer in the Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF). Since January 2020, he has served as Uganda's military attaché to India, representing the nation’s defense interests in a diplomatic capacity. His career spans significant roles in air defense and air force operations, contributing to Uganda’s military modernization and national security.

Before that, from December 2017 until January 2020, he served as the deputy commander of the UPDF Air Force, replacing Major General Sam Kavuma, who was appointed deputy commander of the UPDF Land Forces.

Sam Kavuma
Lieutenant General Samuel Kavuma, commonly known as Sam Kavuma, is a Ugandan senior military officer. Since March 2024, he has been serving as the Commander of the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS). Before that, from 24 June 2021 until 24 March 2024, he was the deputy coordinator of Operation Wealth Creation, a presidential appointment by Yoweri Museveni Immediately before that position, he served as the deputy commander of the Uganda People's Defence Force Air Force. Before that, Kavuma served as the Commander of the Uganda People's Defence Force Contingent in Somalia, as part of the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). He was appointed to that position in October 2014. He replaced Brigadier General Dick Olum, who served in that position from September 2013 until October 2014.
Ideographic Research Group
The Ideographic Research Group (IRG), formerly called the Ideographic Rapporteur Group, is a subgroup of Working Group 2 (WG2) of ISO/IEC JTC1 Subcommittee 2 (SC2), which is the committee responsible for developing the Universal Coded Character Set (ISO/IEC 10646). IRG is tasked with preparing and reviewing sets of CJK unified ideographs for eventual inclusion in both ISO/IEC 10646 and The Unicode Standard. The IRG is composed of representatives from national standards bodies from China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and other regions that have historically used Chinese characters, as well as experts from liaison organizations such as the SAT Daizōkyō Text Database Committee (SAT), Taipei Computer Association (TCA), and the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC). The group holds two meetings every year lasting 4-5 days each, subsequently reporting its activities to its parent ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 (SC2/WG2) committee.

Unicode Consortium
The Unicode Consortium (legally Unicode, Inc.) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization incorporated and based in Mountain View, California, U.S. Its primary purpose is to maintain and publish the Unicode Standard which was developed with the intention of replacing existing character encoding schemes that are limited in size and scope, and are incompatible with multilingual environments.

Unicode's success at unifying character sets has led to its widespread adoption in the internationalization and localization of software. The standard has been implemented in many technologies, including XML, the Java programming language, Swift, and modern operating systems.

Members are usually but not limited to computer software and hardware companies with an interest in text-processing standards, including Adobe, Apple, Meta, Google, Microsoft, and Salesforce. Technical decisions relating to the Unicode Standard are made by the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC).
Ciappo Ubriachi
Ciappo Ubriachi was a Florentine nobleman who lived in the late 13th century around the time of Giotto and Dante. In the Florentine Guelph-Ghibelline conflict, his family was a Ghibelline. He is best known for being a wicked usurer according to Dante in the Divine Comedy.

Catello di Rosso Gianfigliazzi
Catello di Rosso Gianfigliazzi was a Florentine nobleman who lived in the late 13th century around the time of Giotto and Dante. He is best known for being a wicked usurer according to Dante in the Divine Comedy. He practiced usury in France and was made a knight upon his return to Florence.