hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paired dominating set
In graph theory, a paired dominating set of a graph  is a dominating set  of vertices such that the induced subgraph  contains at least one perfect matching. The concept was introduced by Teresa W. Haynes and Peter J. Slater in 1998. The paired domination number, denoted , is the minimum cardinality of a paired dominating set of .

The concept models a situation in which guards are placed at vertices of a graph to dominate (protect) all vertices, with the additional constraint that each guard is assigned another adjacent guard as a backup. This is equivalent to finding a set  of independent edges (a matching) whose endpoints form a dominating set.

Induced subgraph
In graph theory, an induced subgraph of a graph is another graph, formed from a subset of the vertices of the graph and all of the edges, from the original graph, connecting pairs of vertices in that subset.
Sean Ryan (wide receiver)
Sean Ryan (born January 21, 1999) is an American professional football wide receiver for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Temple Owls, the West Virginia Mountaineers and the Rutgers Scarlet Knights.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights football
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights football program represents Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Rutgers competes as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Prior to joining the Big Ten, the Scarlet Knights were a member of the American Athletic Conference (formerly the Big East Conference) from 1991 to 2013. Rutgers plays its home games at SHI Stadium, in Piscataway, New Jersey. The team is currently led by head coach Greg Schiano. The Scarlet Knights football team is also notable for playing in the first college football game in 1869, in which the Scarlet Knights won by the score 6–4.
The Deep (band)
The Deep was an American rock band formed in New York City in 1966. They traveled to Philadelphia to record a one-off LP, Psychedelic Moods, released on Cameo-Parkway Records, which was later recognized as one of the earliest albums to use the word "psychedelic" in its title.

The group was a studio-only project led by musician Rusty Evans and producer Mark Barkan. Evans later formed The Freak Scene, releasing the album Psychedelic Psoul in 1967. Evans also co-wrote and recorded The Third Bardo’s only single, "I’m Five Years Ahead of My Time." While Barkan would record several songs in 1967 with the group Inner Sanctum (later known as Hydro-Pyro).

Cameo-Parkway Records
Cameo-Parkway Records was the parent company of Cameo Records and Parkway Records, which were major American Philadelphia-based record labels from 1956 (for Cameo) and 1958 (for Parkway) to 1967. Among the types of music released were doo-wop, dance hits, popular/rock, rockabilly, big band, garage rock, soul and novelty records.

Until 1962, Cameo was also the parent company name for both labels, and Parkway was a subsidiary. In 1962, the parent company was renamed from Cameo to Cameo-Parkway, to give both labels equal status. In some foreign markets, Cameo-Parkway was also a label name, issuing records by artists from both labels. The Cameo-Parkway catalogue is currently owned by ABKCO Records.
Catharina de Chasseur
Catharina de Chasseur also known as Catherine le Sasseure and Catherine Dechassoir (c. 1490 - 1541), was a Dutch counterfeiter. She was the central figure of a famous criminal court case which has often been referenced in Dutch literature.

She was the daughter of an innkeeper in Orléans. In 1507, she married the Dutch noble Gerrit van Assendelft (1487–1558) and followed him to the Netherlands. The couple separated, but she was given an allowance, and settled in the Hague. In 1532, her spouse deprived her of her allowance. In 1540, false coins started to circulate in the Netherlands. The same year, two young Frenchmen moved into her house, and her neighbors reportedly heard the sound of metal processing from her home. On the night of 11 February 1541, Catharina de Chasseur and her entire household were arrested for coining. In the subsequent trial, she was judged guilty as charged and sentenced to death by burning. Her sentence was reduced by the Regent to execution by beheading.

Counterfeit
A counterfeit is a fake or unauthorized replica of a genuine product, such as money, documents, designer items, or other valuable goods. Counterfeiting generally involves creating an imitation of a genuine item that closely resembles the original to deceive others into believing it is authentic.

Counterfeit products are often made to take advantage of the higher value of the original product, typically using lower-quality materials or production methods. Counterfeit food, drinks, medicines, and personal care products can contain harmful or inactive ingredients, causing anything from mild issues to serious, life-threatening ones. Counterfeit footwear, clothing, and accessories have been found to contain high levels of lead, arsenic, and phthalates.
Neil Adsett
Neil Adsett SC is an Australian lawyer. He served as Attorney General of Tonga from 2012 to 2014.

Adsett is from Australia and works as a law consultant, specialising in revising national statutes. He has produced revisions of the laws of Fiji, Tonga, Tuvalu, and other countries.

In 2008 he worked as Tonga's Law Revision Commissioner. He was subsequently appointed as Tonga's first anti-corruption commissioner. In January 2012 he was appointed as Attorney General. Shortly afterwards he was appointed Senior counsel. He resigned in June 2014, as it was "the right time now for a Tongan lawyer to take over".

Senior counsel
Senior Counsel, State Counsel (post-nominal letters: SC), or Senior Advocate is a title given to senior lawyers in some current or former Commonwealth nations, mainly those in which the British monarch is no longer head of state, making the title "King's Counsel" obsolete. Examples of such nations are Mauritius, Zambia, India (Senior Advocate), Bangladesh (Senior Advocate), Hong Kong, Ireland, South Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Singapore, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. Jurisdictions that have retained the monarch as head of state, but have nonetheless opted for the new title, include some states and territories of Australia, as well as Belize.

Just as a junior counsel is "called to the [Outer] Bar", a Senior Counsel is, in some jurisdictions, said to be "called to the Inner Bar". Senior Counsels may informally style themselves silks, as do their British counterparts.
Cheng Hefang
Cheng Hefang (born 1 September 1995) is a Chinese para-badminton player who has played each of the three variations of the sport (women's singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles) at the highest world level.

In 2021, Cheng won a silver medal representing China in the women's doubles SL3–SU5 event of the 2020 Summer Paralympics alongside Ma Huihui, having lost to Leani Ratri Oktila and Khalimatus Sadiyah in the gold medal match, but won a gold medal in the women's singles SL4 event, defeating Leani Ratri Oktila.

Leani Ratri Oktila
Leani Ratri Oktila (born 6 May 1991) is an Indonesian para badminton player. She played each of the three variations of the sport (women's singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles) at the highest world level.

In 2021, she won the first para-badminton gold medal representing Indonesia in the women's doubles SL3–SU5 event of the 2020 Summer Paralympics alongside Khalimatus Sadiyah. Oktila also won a silver medal in the women's singles event.
Cropani
Cropani is a comune and town in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region of Italy.
The comune is located 10 km (6.2 mi) from the sea and 13 km (8.1 mi) from the Sila. Two frazioni are part of the municipal territory: Cropani Marina and Cuturella di Cropani. According to tradition, on 831 AD the ship carrying the relics of Mark the Evangelist from Alexandria to Venice found refuge on the coasts of Cropani. In gratitude, the captain gave the city a relic  preserved in its Romanesque Collegiate.

Mark the Evangelist
Mark the Evangelist (Koinē Greek: Μᾶρκος, romanized: Mârkos), also known as John Mark (Koinē Greek: Ἰωάννης Μᾶρκος, romanized: Iōánnēs Mârkos; Aramaic: ܝܘܚܢܢ, romanized: Yōḥannān) or Saint Mark, was a Libyan who is traditionally ascribed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark. Most modern scholars agree that the gospel of Mark is anonymous, though the topic remains contentious among experts. Scholarship is inconclusive on authorship; some reject the attribution to Mark while others debate the identity of Mark. According to Church tradition, Mark founded the episcopal see of Alexandria, which was one of the five most important sees of early Christianity. His feast day is celebrated on April 25, and his symbol is the winged lion.
Lyre Abbey
Lyre Abbey (French: L'abbaye Notre-Dame de Lyre) was a monastery in Normandy, founded in 1046 at what is now the village of La Vieille-Lyre. From the mid-12th century it was a Benedictine house. It was abolished at the French Revolution and the abbey buildings mostly destroyed.

Bec Abbey
Bec Abbey, formally the Abbey of Our Lady of Bec (French: Abbaye Notre-Dame du Bec), is a Benedictine monastic foundation in the Eure département, in the Bec valley midway between the cities of Rouen and Bernay. It is located in Le Bec Hellouin, Normandy, France, and was the most influential abbey of the 12th-century Anglo-Norman kingdom.

Like all abbeys, Bec maintained annals of the house but uniquely its first  abbots also received individual biographies, brought together by the monk of Bec, Milo Crispin. Because of the abbey's cross-Channel influence, these hagiographic lives sometimes disclose historical information of more than local importance.
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) is the Connecticut state government's agricultural experiment station, a state government component that engages in scientific research and public outreach in agriculture and related fields. It is the oldest state experiment station in the United States, having been founded in 1875. Its official mission is to "develop, advance, and disseminate scientific knowledge, improve agricultural productivity and environmental quality, protect plants, and enhance human health and well-being through research for the benefit of Connecticut residents and the nation." The station operates a main research campus in New Haven, a research farm in Hamden, a satellite research facility and farm in Windsor, and a research farm in Griswold. The Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station is a separate agricultural research agency, founded in 1887 and part of the University of Connecticut, which also receives state and federal funding.

Hamden, Connecticut
Hamden is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town's nickname is "The Land of the Sleeping Giant". The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 61,169 at the 2020 census.
Cain Southernwood
Cain Southernwood (born 4 May 1992) is a professional rugby league footballer who has played in the 2010s. He has played at club level for Smawthorne A.R.L.F.C. (in Castleford), Wakefield Trinity Wildcats (Academy), in the Super League for Bradford Bulls, in the Championships for Dewsbury Rams (loan), Whitehaven, Batley Bulldogs and in Betfred League 1 for Hunlset, as a stand-off or scrum-half.

He was a member of the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats Academy grand final winning team in 2009, he was selected for the England Academy squad from which the side to face France and Australia was selected.

Batley Bulldogs
The Batley Bulldogs are an English professional rugby league club in Batley, West Yorkshire, who play in the Championship. Batley were one of the original twenty-two rugby football clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. They were League Champions in 1924 and have won three Challenge Cups.
United Arab Emirates women's national football team
The United Arab Emirates women's national football team (Arabic: منتخب الإمارات العربية المتحدة لكرة القدم للسيدات Muntakhab Al'Iimarat Alearabiat Almutahidat Likurat Alqadam lilsayidat) represents United Arab Emirates in the international women's football, and is run by the United Arab Emirates Football Association (UAEFA).

Its highest ranking in the FIFA Women's World Rankings is 73rd, achieved in March 2015 at its first appearance in the ranking. The team won back-to-back WAFF Women's Championships in 2010 and 2011.

2011 WAFF Women's Championship
The 2011 WAFF Women's Championship tournament was held from 3 to 12 October 2011 in  Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It was the fourth West Asian Football Federation Women's Championship held.

The UAE successfully defended their title by beating Iran in the final.
Rúben Ribeiro (footballer, born 1987)
Rúben Tiago Rodrigues Ribeiro (born 1 August 1987) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

He achieved Primeira Liga totals of 189 games and 18 goals, for Leixões, Beira-Mar, Paços de Ferreira, Rio Ave, Gil Vicente, Boavista, Sporting CP and Chaves, winning the Taça da Liga with Sporting in 2018. He also played professionally in the United Arab Emirates and Turkey.

Gil Vicente F.C.
Gil Vicente Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒil viˈsẽtɨ]), commonly known as Gil Vicente, founded in 1924, is a Portuguese professional football club that plays in Barcelos. It plays their home matches at the Estádio Cidade de Barcelos. It competes in the Primeira Liga, the top division of football in the country, and it is named after Portuguese playwright Gil Vicente.

The club's founding occurred near the city's theater named after playwright Vicente. It first played in Primeira Liga in 1990-91. Since then, the team has been relegated to the second tier three times, having won back promotion twice by winning the Segunda Liga and once by administrative decision. The highest league finishes were two fifth-places in 1999–2000 and 2021–22. A women's football team was created for the 2018-19 season. The team has participated in the top tier, and currently has played six straight seasons in it.
Olav Skjevesland
Olav Skjevesland (31 May 1942 – 8 September 2019) was a Norwegian theologian and priest.  He was the Bishop of the Diocese of Agder og Telemark from 1998 until his retirement in 2012, and since that time he was a Bishop Emeritus.  He was also the Preses (Primus inter pares, "first among equals") and thus presided over the Bishops' Conference of the Church of Norway from 2006 until 2010.  During his time as a bishop, he was considered to be theologically conservative and he was  opposed to letting gay priests serve in the church.

Diocese of Agder og Telemark
The Diocese of Agder og Telemark (Norwegian: Agder og Telemark bispedømme) is a diocese of the Church of Norway, covering all of Agder county and Telemark county in Norway. The cathedral city is Kristiansand, Norway's fifth largest city. Kristiansand Cathedral serves as the seat of the presiding Bishop. The bishop since 2013 has been Stein Reinertsen. As of 1 January 2003, there were 347,324 members of the Church of Norway in the diocese.
Gene A. Buinger Career and Technical Education Academy
The Gene A. Buinger Career and Technical Education Academy (also colloquially known as the Buinger Academy, BCTEA, or Tech Center) is a public technical high school in Bedford, Texas.  The school serves grade levels 10–12 and is part of the Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District.

The Buinger Academy is not a traditional high school; it does not directly enroll students and students cannot graduate with a diploma from the Academy. Instead, it hosts career and technical education classes for Trinity and L.D. Bell high schools, and students are transported to and from their classes at the Academy by school bus.

School bus
A school bus is any type of bus owned, leased, contracted to, or operated by a school or school district. It is regularly used to transport students to and from school or school-related activities, but not including a charter bus or transit bus. Various configurations of school buses are used worldwide; the most iconic examples are the yellow school buses of the United States which are also found in other parts of the world, including Canada.

In North America, school buses are purpose-built vehicles distinguished from other types of buses by design characteristics mandated by federal and state/provincial regulations. In addition to their distinct paint color (National School Bus Glossy Yellow), school buses are fitted with exterior warning lights (to give them traffic priority) and multiple safety devices.
Kohneh Jolgeh Rural District
Kohneh Jolgeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان کهنه جلگه) is in Shirin Su District of Maneh County, North Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Kohneh Jolgeh, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 2,010 people in 467 households.

Maneh County
Maneh County (Persian: شهرستان مانه) is in North Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Pish Qaleh, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 2,001 people in 611 households.
Geology of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex
The Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex sits above Cretaceous-age strata ranging from ≈145-66 Ma (million years ago). These Cretaceous-aged sediments lie above the eroded Ouachita Mountains and the Fort Worth Basin, which was formed by the Ouachita Orogeny. Going from west to east in the DFW Metroplex and down towards the Gulf of Mexico, the strata get progressively younger. The Cretaceous sediments dip very gently (about 1°) to the east.

Ouachita Mountains
The Ouachita Mountains (/ˈwɒʃɪtɔː/), simply referred to as the Ouachitas, are a mountain range in western Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. They are formed by a thick succession of highly deformed Paleozoic strata constituting the Ouachita Fold and Thrust Belt, one of the important orogenic belts of North America. The Ouachitas continue in the subsurface to the northeast, where they make a poorly understood connection with the Appalachians and to the southwest, where they join with the Marathon uplift area of West Texas. Together with the Ozark Plateaus, the Ouachitas form the U.S. Interior Highlands. The highest natural point is Mount Magazine at 2,753 feet (839 m).

The Ouachita Mountains is a Level III ecoregion designated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The region has been subdivided into six Level IV ecoregions.
Yvonne Reungoat
Yvonne Reungoat FMA (born 14 January 1945) is a French religious sister, who is a former Superior General of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians. In July 2022, she has been appointed as a member in the Vatican's Dicastery for Bishops.

Superior general (Christianity)
A superior general or general superior is the leader or head of an 'order' of religious persons (nuns, priests, friars, etc) or, in other words, of a 'religious institute' in the Catholic Church, and in some other Christian denominations. The superior general usually holds supreme 'executive' authority in the religious community, subject only to the Pope in the case of Catholic orders, while the general chapter has 'legislative' authority. Many Catholic superiors general are elected (directly or indirectly) by their order's membership, and are based in Rome, and thus facilitate their order's engagement with other elements of church leadership (the Pope; the Roman Curia; other orders' leadership).
1899 Ceram earthquake
On 30 September 1899 the island of Ceram, Dutch East Indies, was struck by an Ms 7.8 earthquake which was accompanied by a 10-meter landslide-induced tsunami. According to the Batavian Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory, the shock occurred at 01:42 AM Amahei local time. The study about the quake and its effects was published by Dr. R. D. M. Verbeek in an article named Short Report about the earth- and sea-quake in Ceram, the 30th September 1899, which serves as the only extensive source on this earthquake.

Rogier Verbeek
Rogier Diederik Marius Verbeek (7 April 1845, Doorn – 9 April 1926, The Hague) was a Dutch geologist and natural scientist.

His journal Krakatau, which was edited in 1884 and 1885 by order of the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, is his most known work. It deals with the eruption of the volcanic island Krakatoa in 1883 and brought volcanology into scientific prominence. Just two years before, Verbeek had done research in the area. Living in Buitenzorg on Java, he was a direct witness to the eruption. In the BBC docudrama Krakatoa: The Last Days, he is the protagonist and was portrayed by Kevin McMonagle.

In 1909, he obtained an honorary doctorate of Delft University of Technology. He was an honorary member of the Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap and a member of the Maatschappij der Nederlandsche Letterkunde.
Samsung Galaxy A10
The Samsung Galaxy A10 is an entry-level Android smartphone developed by Samsung Electronics. It was released in March 2019. It released with Android 9 (Pie) with One UI, 32 GB internal storage and a 3400 mAh battery. Upgrading ended at Android 11 and One UI 3.1, released in late March 2021. Security update support ended on April 11, 2023.

One UI
One UI is a user interface (UI) developed by Samsung Electronics for its mobile, computing devices and TVs, including Android devices running Android 9 "Pie" and later.

The successor to Samsung Experience, Samsung designed One UI to make using larger smartphones easier and be more visually appealing. It was announced and unveiled at Samsung Developer Conference in 2018, and was updated in Galaxy Unpacked in February 2019 alongside the Galaxy S10 series, Galaxy Buds and the Galaxy Fold, since then receiving yearly upgrades.

The latest stable version, One UI 8, was released on July 25, 2025 with the launch of the Galaxy Z Fold 7, Z Flip 7 and Z Flip 7 FE after starting beta testing in May, with other phones receiving the update starting on September 15, 2025 with the Galaxy S25 series in South Korea.
Anna Bargman
Anna Bargman (born August 7, 2002) is an American professional ice hockey forward for the New York Sirens of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). She played college ice hockey for the Yale Bulldogs from 2021 to 2025, serving as team captain in 2024–25.

Yale Bulldogs women's ice hockey
Yale University women's ice hockey (YWIH) is an NCAA Division I varsity ice hockey program at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

One of the oldest varsity women's ice hockey programs in the country, Yale women's ice hockey dates back to 1975. Beginning as a club sport, the program gained varsity team status in 1977–78.

Yale competes in the ECAC Hockey League (ECACHL), along with Ivy League foes Harvard, Princeton, Cornell, Dartmouth and Brown. Both the Yale men's and women's ice-hockey teams play at Ingalls Rink, also known as "The Whale".