hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system
From 1922 until 1962, the United States Navy, the United States Marine Corps and the United States Coast Guard used a system to designate their aircraft that included information about a craft's role and its manufacturer. For a listing of all such designations, see the list of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962).

1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system
The Tri-Service aircraft designation system is a unified system introduced in 1962 by the United States Department of Defense for designating all U.S. military aircraft. Previously, the U.S. armed services used separate nomenclature systems.

Under the tri-service designation system, officially introduced on 18 September 1962, almost all aircraft receive a unified designation, whether they are operated by the United States Air Force (USAF), United States Navy (USN), United States Marine Corps (USMC), United States Army (USA), United States Space Force (USSF), or United States Coast Guard (USCG). Experimental aircraft operated by manufacturers or by NASA are also often assigned designations from the X-series of the tri-service system.

The 1962 system was based on the one used by the USAF between 1948 and 1962, which was in turn based on the type, model, series USAAS/USAAC/USAAF system used from 1924 to 1948.  The 1962 system has been modified and updated since introduction.
Mosebenzi Zwane
Mosebenzi Joseph Zwane was the Minister of Mineral Resources of South Africa in the Second Cabinet of former President Jacob Zuma serving from 2015 until 2018. A controversial figure, Zwane resigned on 25 February 2018 following allegations of state capture and in particular his role in the Vrede Dairy Project, which helped bankroll the Gupta Family wedding.

Zwane is currently the chairperson of the parliamentary committee on transport.

Minister of Mineral and Petroleum Resources
The minister of mineral and petroleum resources is a minister in the cabinet of the South African national government. The minister has political responsibility for the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy.

The office in its current form was re-established in June 2024; it formerly existed between May 2009 and May 2019, initially as the minister of mining and then as the minister for mineral resources. During other periods, the mineral resources portfolio has been enlarged by the inclusion of energy: there was a minister of minerals and energy before May 2009 and, more recently, a minister of mineral resources and energy between May 2019 and June 2024.

The current minister of mineral resources is Gwede Mantashe, who was also the last minister of mineral resources and energy; he has overseen the mineral resources portfolio since February 2018.
American Snuff Company
The American Snuff Company, formerly Conwood Sales Company LLC, is a US tobacco manufacturing company that makes a variety of smokeless tobacco products, including dipping tobacco or moist snuff, chewing tobacco in the forms of loose-leaf, plug, and twist, and dry snuff. It was originally formed in 1900 as a subsidiary trust to the American Tobacco Company.

American Tobacco Company
The American Tobacco Company was a tobacco company founded in 1890 by J. B. Duke through a merger between a number of U.S. tobacco manufacturers including Allen and Ginter, Goodwin & Company, and Kinney Brothers. The company was one of the original 12 members of the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1896. The American Tobacco Company dominated the industry by acquiring the Lucky Strike Company and over 200 other rival firms. Federal Antitrust action begun in 1907 broke the company into several major companies in 1911.

The American Tobacco Company restructured itself in 1969, forming a holding company called American Brands, Inc., which operated American Tobacco as a subsidiary. American Brands acquired a variety of non-tobacco businesses during the 1970s and 1980s and sold its tobacco operations to Brown & Williamson in 1994. American Brands subsequently renamed itself "Fortune Brands".
Kelabita
Kelabita is a small genus of southeast Asian cellar spiders. The genus was erected in 2018 for two species transferred from Pholcus after a molecular phylogenetic study of Pholcidae. It is named after the Kelabit, an ethnic group native to Borneo. They build domed webs up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) above the ground, and can be distinguished by unique sclerotization, including a partially sclerotized embolus. As of April 2022 it contains only two species: K. andulau and K. lambir.

Pholcus
Pholcus is a large genus of spiders of long-bodied cellar spider and allies in the family Pholcidae.

It includes the cellar spider P. phalangioides, often called the "daddy longlegs". This may cause confusion because the name "daddy longlegs" is also applied to two other unrelated arthropods: the harvestman and the crane fly.
Malaysia–Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990
Malaysia–Singapore Points of Agreement of 1990 (POA) is an agreement between the  Southeast Asian countries of Malaysia and Singapore over the issue of the future of the railway land along the Singapore–Kranji Railway in Singapore, which was owned by the Malaysian government through Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM). It was signed by then Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew and then Finance Minister of Malaysia Tun Daim Zanuddin on behalf of their respective countries on 27 November 1990.

The implementation of the agreement was deadlocked for many years because of disputes over its interpretation. However, on 24 May 2010, Malaysian prime minister Najib Razak and his Singaporean counterpart Lee Hsien Loong, after a leaders' retreat in Singapore, announced that the two sides had reached an agreement on outstanding issues concerning the 1990 POA, thus breaking the 20-year-old deadlock.

Keretapi Tanah Melayu
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) (lit. 'Malayan Railway Limited'; Jawi: كريتاڤي تانه ملايو برحد‎) or colloquially referred to simply as KTM, is the main railway operator in Peninsular Malaysia. The railway system dates back to the British colonial era, when it was first built to transport tin. Previously known as the Federated Malay States Railways (FMSR), the Malayan Railway Administration (MRA), and the Malayan Railway, KTM acquired its current name in 1962. The organisation was corporatised in 1992, but remains wholly owned by the Malaysian government.
Neimënster Abbey
49°36′37″N 06°08′11″E﻿ / ﻿49.61028°N 6.13639°E﻿ / 49.61028; 6.13639

Neimënster Abbey (Luxembourgish: Abtei Neimënster, French: Abbaye de Neimënster, German: Abtei Neumünster), officially known as Neumünster Abbey until 2014, is a public meeting place, cultural centre, and former Benedictine abbey located in the Grund district of Luxembourg City in southern Luxembourg.

Grund, Luxembourg
The Grund (German pronunciation: [ɡʁʊnt] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Gronn, pronounced [ɡʀon] ⓘ) is a district in central Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. It is located in the valley below the centre of Luxembourg City on the banks of the Alzette river. In addition to being a picturesque area, it is a popular nightlife area that can be accessed by foot or via an elevator which descends through the cliff.

As of 31 December 2025, the district has a relatively small population of 983 inhabitants, of whom 43.74% are Luxembourgers. The Grund is home to Mosconi, a one-star Michelin restaurant which specialises in pasta.
Brett Dobson
Brett Dobson (born April 3, 2000) is a Canadian professional lacrosse goaltender for the Utah Archers of the Premier Lacrosse League, and as well for the Georgia Swarm of the National Lacrosse League. He is also a member of the Canada men's national lacrosse team. He represented Team Canada at the 2022 World Games Championship in Birmingham, Alabama, winning the gold medal.

National Lacrosse League
The National Lacrosse League (NLL) is a professional box lacrosse league in North America. The league comprises 14 teams – 7 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NLL is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The NLL ranks third in average attendance for pro indoor sports worldwide, behind only the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Unlike other box lacrosse leagues, which play in the summer, the NLL plays its games in the winter and spring, from December to June. Each year, the playoff teams battle for the National Lacrosse League Cup. The NLL has averaged between 8,900 and 10,700 spectators per game each year since 2004.
Anthony Drmic
Anthony Drmic (born 25 February 1992) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Tasmania JackJumpers of the National Basketball League (NBL). He played college basketball for the Boise State Broncos and is their second all-time leading scorer. He led Boise State to two NCAA Tournaments during his 5 years with the Broncos. While he has represented the Australian under-19 team, he also holds a Croatian passport.

Australia men's national under-19 basketball team
The Australia men's national under-17, under-18 and under-19 basketball team is the junior men's basketball side that represents Australia in international under-17, under-18 and under-19 youth basketball competitions. Nicknamed the Emus, the team is governed by the Australian Basketball Federation Inc.

The Emus' greatest accomplishment was winning the 2003 FIBA Under-19 World Championship.
Washington at Verplanck's Point
Washington at Verplanck's Point is a full-length portrait in oil painted in 1790 by the American artist John Trumbull of General George Washington at Verplanck's Point on the North River in New York during the American Revolutionary War. The background depicts the September 14, 1782 review of Continental Army troops Washington staged there as an honor for the departing French commander Comte de Rochambeau and his army.

The painting was a gift from Trumbull to the president's wife, Martha Washington, and is now owned by the Winterthur Museum. Trumbull next received a commission from the City of New York and painted a much larger version, George Washington, with a new background, Evacuation Day of New York City, November 25, 1783, the return of Washington and the departure of British forces. It is on display in the Governor's Room of New York City Hall.

Evacuation Day (New York)
Evacuation Day on November 25 marks the day in 1783 when British forces evacuated New York City after the Treaty of Paris led to the end of the American Revolutionary War. In their wake, General George Washington led the Continental Army from his headquarters north of the city across the Harlem River and south through Manhattan to the Battery at its southern tip.
I Kill Giants (film)
I Kill Giants is a 2017 fantasy drama film directed by Anders Walter with a screenplay by Joe Kelly, based on Kelly and Ken Niimura's graphic novel of the same name. The film stars Madison Wolfe, Imogen Poots, Sydney Wade, Rory Jackson, Art Parkinson, Noel Clarke, Jennifer Ehle and Zoe Saldaña.

I Kill Giants had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2017, and was released in the United States on March 23, 2018, by RLJE Films.

I Kill Giants
I Kill Giants is an American comic book limited series published by Image Comics beginning in 2008. The comic was created by writer Joe Kelly and artist J. M. Ken Niimura and features Barbara Thorson, a girl struggling with life by escaping into a fantasy life of magic and monsters.
Paul Morphy
Paul Charles Morphy (June 22, 1837 – July 10, 1884) was an American chess player. During his brief career in the late 1850s, Morphy was acknowledged as the world's greatest chess master.  Later commentators have concluded that he was far ahead of his time.

A prodigy, Morphy emerged onto the chess scene in 1857 by convincingly winning the First American Chess Congress, winning each match by a large margin. He then traveled to Europe, residing for a time in England and France while challenging the continent's top players. He played matches with most of the leading English and French players, as well as the German Adolf Anderssen—again winning all matches by large margins. In 1859, Morphy returned to the United States, before ultimately abandoning competitive chess and receding from public view.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
History of Oslo's name
The Norwegian city of Oslo was founded in the year 1040 under the name Ánslo. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of King Christian IV, a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in the king's honour. From 1877, the city's name was spelled Kristiania in government usage, a spelling that was adopted by the municipal authorities only in 1897. In 1925 the city, after incorporating the village retaining its former name, was renamed Oslo.

Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV (12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 until his death in 1648. His reign of 59 years and 330 days is the longest of any Scandinavian monarch.

A member of the House of Oldenburg, Christian began his personal rule of Denmark-Norway in 1596 at the age of 19. He is remembered as one of the most popular, ambitious, and proactive Danish-Norwegian kings, having initiated many reforms and projects. Christian IV obtained for his kingdoms a level of stability and wealth that was virtually unmatched elsewhere in Europe. He engaged Denmark-Norway in numerous wars, most notably the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated much of Germany, undermined the Danish economy, and cost Denmark-Norway some of its conquered territories.
He rebuilt and renamed the Norwegian capital Oslo as Christiania after himself, a name used until 1925.
The Winslow Boy (DuPont Show of the Month)
"The Winslow Boy" was an American television play broadcast by CBS on November 13, 1958, as part of the television series, DuPont Show of the Month. It was based on the play by Terence Rattigan. Alex Segal was the director and David Susskind the producer. Fredric March starred as Arthur Winslow and was nominated for a Sylvania Award for his performance.

Terence Rattigan
Sir Terence Mervyn Rattigan CBE (10 June 1911 – 30 November 1977) was a British dramatist and screenwriter. He was one of England's most popular mid-20th-century dramatists. His plays are typically set in an upper-middle-class background. He wrote The Winslow Boy (1946), The Browning Version (1948), The Deep Blue Sea (1952) and Separate Tables (1954), among many others.

A troubled gay man who saw himself as an outsider, Rattigan wrote a number of plays which centred on issues of sexual frustration, failed relationships, or a world of repression and reticence.
Arza Casselman
Arza Clair Casselman, QC (January 19, 1891 – May 11, 1958) was a Canadian lawyer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Grenville in 1921 and then Grenville—Dundas from 1925 to 1958 in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative and later Progressive Conservative member.

Grenville—Dundas (federal electoral district)
Grenville—Dundas was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1968. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1925 from parts of Dundas and Grenville ridings.

It consisted of the counties of Grenville and Dundas.

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Grenville—Carleton and Stormont—Dundas ridings.
Washington County Public Library
The Washington County Public Library (WCPL) is a public library system located in Washington County, Florida, United States. The library system has four locations: a main library in Chipley and three branches in Vernon, Sunny Hills, and Wausau.

The Washington County Public Library is a member of the Panhandle Public Library Cooperative System (PPLCS) and Panhandle Access Library Network (PLAN), giving library patrons access to over a million items, with shared circulation among Holmes, Calhoun, and Jackson counties.

Wausau, Florida
Wausau is a town in Washington County, Florida, United States. The Town of Wausau is part of the Florida Panhandle in North Florida. The population was 371 at the 2020 census, down from 383 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Panama City–Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Reino Nori
Reino Oscar Nori (February 26, 1913 – October 8, 1988) was an American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Brooklyn Dodgers and Chicago Bears from 1937 to 1938. Standing just 5'7" tall and weighing about 150 pounds, Nori was among the smallest players of his era in the NFL.

Nori was a multi-sport collegiate star at Northern Illinois State Teachers College, earning 17 athletic letters and gaining induction into the Northern Illinois Athletic Hall of Fame.

Northern Illinois University
Northern Illinois University (NIU) is a public research university in DeKalb, Illinois, United States. It was founded as "Northern Illinois State Normal School" in 1895 by Illinois Governor John P. Altgeld, initially to provide the state with college-educated teachers. In addition to the main campus in DeKalb, it has satellite centers in Chicago, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon, Illinois.

The university is composed of seven degree-granting colleges and has a student body of approximately 16,000. NIU is one of seven public universities in Illinois that compete in NCAA Division I. The athletic teams are known as the Huskies and compete in the Mid-American Conference (MAC).
Chazakah
A chazakah (Hebrew: חֲזָקָה, romanized: ḥəzāqā, lit. 'presumption') is a legal presumption in halakha (Jewish law); it establishes burden of proof. There exist many such presumptions, for example, regarding the ownership of property, a person's status (e.g. whether they are a kohen or Levite), and presumptions about human behavior.

Usucaption
Usucaption (Latin: usucapio), also known as acquisitive prescription, is a concept found in civil law systems and has its origin in the Roman law of property.

Usucaption is a method by which ownership of property (i.e. title to the property) can be gained by possession of it beyond the lapse of a certain period of time (acquiescence). While usucaption has been compared with adverse possession, the true effect of usucaption is to remedy defects in title of lands that are without encumbrance on them.
Dead or Alive Xtreme 3
Dead or Alive Xtreme 3 is a 2016 sports video game developed by Team Ninja and published by Koei Tecmo. It was released on March 24, 2016, as Dead or Alive Xtreme 3: Fortune for PlayStation 4 and as Dead or Alive Xtreme 3: Venus for PlayStation Vita. An updated version for PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch, entitled Dead or Alive Xtreme 3: Scarlet was released on March 20, 2019.

Sports video game
A sports video game is a video game that simulates the practice of sports. Most sports have been recreated with video games, including team sports, track and field, extreme sports, and combat sports. Some games emphasize playing the sport (such as EA Sports FC, eFootball, EA Sports F1, EA Sports WRC, NBA 2K and TopSpin 2K25), whilst others emphasize strategy and sport management (such as Football Manager and Out of the Park Baseball). Some, such as Need for Speed, Arch Rivals and Punch-Out!!, satirize the sport for comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes. The sports genre is one of the oldest genres in gaming history.
Sedgefield, South Africa
Sedgefield is a coastal town on the Garden Route in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is situated on the N2 national road, between George and Knysna.

The town was proclaimed in 1929 on the farm Sedgefield, which in turn was named in 1894 after the village of the same name in the UK where the father (Henry Barrington) of the then farm owner was born.

Knysna
Knysna (/ˈnaɪznə/; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈnəisna]) is a coastal town with 76,150 inhabitants (as of 2019) in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is one of the destinations in the lush Garden Route region.

Knysna is situated 60 kilometres east of the city of George, and 33 kilometres west of Plettenberg Bay, on the N2 freeway.
D. Leonardt & Co.
Leonardt Ltd. (formerly D. Leonardt & Co.) is an English manufacturing company that specializes in finishing of metal components, manufacturing products such as corners for stationery such as leathergoods, photograph albums, menu covers, pattern and carpet books, binders and portfolios.

The company also produced writing implements that included dip and fountain nibs, ballpoint pens, pen holders and mechanical pencils, which set Leonardt as one of the oldest manufacturers of dip pens, having produced them since its establishment in 1856.

Fountain pen
Pilot Justus 95

Pelikan Souverän M1000

Montblanc Meisterstück 149

Pilot Heritage 912

Parker Duofold Centennial

Sheaffer Snorkel Admiral

Lamy Dialog 3

Welty

Parker Sonnet

Conway Stewart 55

Waterman Thorobred

Mabie Todd Swan 3220

A fountain pen is a writing instrument that uses a metal nib to apply water-based ink to paper. It is distinguished from earlier dip pens by using an internal reservoir to hold ink, eliminating the need to repeatedly dip the pen in an inkwell during use. The pen draws ink from the reservoir through a feed to the nib and deposits the ink on paper via a combination of gravity and capillary action. Filling the reservoir with ink may be achieved manually, via the use of an eyedropper or syringe, or via an internal filling mechanism that creates suction (for example, through a piston mechanism) or a vacuum to transfer ink directly through the nib into the reservoir. Some pens employ removable reservoirs in the form of pre-filled ink cartridges.
1989 Centennial Cup
The 1989 Centennial Cup is the 19th Junior "A" 1989 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.

The Centennial Cup was competed for by the winners of the Abbott Cup, Dudley Hewitt Cup, the Callaghan Cup, and a host city.

The tournament was hosted by the Summerside Western Capitals in the city of Summerside, Prince Edward Island.

Summerside, Prince Edward Island
Summerside is a Canadian city in Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada, consisting of the amalgamated communities of Summerside, St Eleanors, and Wilmot. It is the second largest city in the province and the primary service centre for the western part of the island.
Thomas E. Dobbs
Thomas E. Dobbs III is an American physician currently serving as dean of the John D. Bower School of Population Health at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.

Dobbs previously served as State Health Officer of Mississippi, where he became widely known as the namesake of the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the court held, in June 2022, that the Constitution of the United States does not confer a right to abortion. Dobbs himself had no involvement in the case.

Mississippi State Department of Health
The Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) is the primary state health agency of the government of the U.S. state of Mississippi. It was established in 1877 as the Mississippi State Board of Health and was renamed in 1982. It provides a number of public health services to Mississippi residents.