hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abu al-Wafa' al-Buzjani
Abū al-Wafāʾ Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Ismāʿīl ibn al-ʿAbbās al-Būzjānī or Abū al-Wafā Būzhjānī (Persian: ابو الوفا بوژگانی, Arabic: ابو الوفا بوزجانی; 10 June 940 – 15 July 998) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer who worked in Baghdad. He made important innovations in spherical trigonometry, and his work on arithmetic for businessmen contains the first instance of using negative numbers in a medieval Islamic text.

He is also credited with compiling the tables of sines and tangents at 15' intervals. He also introduced the secant and cosecant functions, as well studied the interrelations between the six trigonometric lines associated with an arc. His Almagest was widely read by medieval Arabic astronomers in the centuries after his death. He is known to have written several other books that have not survived.

Spherical trigonometry
Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the metrical relationships between the sides and angles of spherical triangles, traditionally expressed using trigonometric functions. On the sphere, geodesics are great circles. Spherical trigonometry is of great importance for calculations in astronomy, geodesy, and navigation.

The origins of spherical trigonometry in Greek mathematics and the major developments in Islamic mathematics are discussed fully in History of trigonometry and Mathematics in medieval Islam. The subject came to fruition in Early Modern times with important developments by John Napier, Delambre and others, and attained an essentially complete form by the end of the nineteenth century with the publication of Isaac Todhunter's textbook Spherical trigonometry for the use of colleges and Schools.
Since then, significant developments have been the application of vector methods, quaternion methods, and the use of numerical methods.
Pakhtoon Yar Khan
Pakhtoon Yar Khan (Urdu: پختون یار خان) is a Pakistani politician from Bannu who served as Provincial Minister of Public Health Engineering for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the Gandapur ministry. He is a member of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and is a member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa since 28 February 2024. Prior to this he was a member of the assembly from August 2018 to January 2023. His father, Attaullah Jan, was also a seasoned politician.

Gandapur provincial government
The Gandapur ministry was the governing provincial cabinet of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, headed by former Chief Minister Ali Amin Gandapur of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). The cabinet stood dissolved with Gandapur's resignation and the subsequent election of Sohail Afridi.
Port Adelaide Football Club drafting and trading history
The Port Adelaide Football Club have drafted players through the Australian Football League's draft system, beginning with the 1996 AFL draft. They have participated in every National Draft since then, and also participated in some Pre-season Drafts and each Rookie Draft (first held in 1997).

Australian Football League draft
The Australian Football League draft is the annual draft of unsigned players, especially new nominations, by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport, the Australian Football League (AFL).
Lygia Clark
Lygia Pimentel Lins (23 October 1920 – 25 April 1988), better known as Lygia Clark, was a Brazilian artist best known for her painting and installation work. She was often associated with the Brazilian Constructivist movements of the mid-20th century and the Tropicalia movement. Along with Brazilian artists Amilcar de Castro, Franz Weissmann, Lygia Pape and poet Ferreira Gullar, Clark co-founded the Neo-Concrete movement. From 1960 on, Clark discovered ways for viewers (who would later be referred to as "participants") to interact with her art works. Clark's work dealt with the relationship between inside and outside, and, ultimately, between self and world.

Constructivism (art)
Constructivism is an early twentieth-century art movement founded in 1915 by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko. Abstract and austere, constructivist art aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space. The movement rejected decorative stylization in favour of the industrial assemblage of materials. Constructivists were in favour of art for propaganda and social purposes, and were associated with Soviet socialism, the Bolsheviks, and the Russian avant-garde.

Constructivist architecture and art had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements. Its influence was widespread, with major effects upon architecture, sculpture, graphic design, industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and, to some extent, music.
Emerald Hill, New Zealand
Emerald Hill is a hill (and unofficial suburb or locality name) in the suburb of Birchville, Upper Hutt, New Zealand. The name Emerald Hill has been applied by developers Golden Homes Wellington Ltd to a housing development they are constructing on the north-eastern slopes of Emerald Hill. This development consists of around 4 or 5 streets off the end of Gemstone Drive.

The Metlink bus route 110 operates between Petone and the intersection of Emerald Hill Road with Gemstone Drive half-hourly during the day.

Birchville
Birchville is a suburb of Upper Hutt, New Zealand in the North Island. Its centre lies at the entrance to the Akatarawa Valley, in the north of the city, near confluence of the Akatarawa River with the Hutt River. It is about a 5 km (10-minute) drive north from the centre of Upper Hutt. The Birchville community is spread out along both banks of the Hutt River in a long fairly narrow valley.
Hannibal Hawkins Macarthur
Hannibal Hawkins Macarthur (16 January 1788 – 21 October 1861) was an Australian colonist, politician, businessman and wool pioneer. The nephew of John Macarthur and son-in-law of former New South Wales governor, Philip Gidley King, he was well-connected in the early colony of New South Wales.

Philip Gidley King
Captain Philip Gidley King (23 April 1758 – 3 September 1808) was a Royal Navy officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of New South Wales from 1800 to 1806. When the First Fleet arrived in January 1788, King was detailed to colonise Norfolk Island for defence and foraging purposes. As Governor of New South Wales, he helped develop livestock farming, whaling and mining, built many schools and launched the colony's first newspaper. But conflicts with the military wore down his spirit, and they were able to force his resignation. King Street in the Sydney CBD is named in his honour.
Manpreet Singh (field hockey)
Manpreet Singh (born 26 June 1992) is an Indian field hockey player and a four time Olympian. He led the Indian field hockey team to the bronze medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

He became the first Indian hockey player to win the FIH Best Player of the year award at the 2019 FIH Awards.

He first played for India in 2011 at the age of 19. He represented India at the 2012 London Olympics and was named Asia's Junior Player of the Year in 2014.

FIH Awards
The FIH Awards are awarded annually by the International Hockey Federation to the male and female field hockey players adjudged to be the best in the world. The awards were established in 1998 and have been awarded annually ever since. In 2001 the FIH Young Player of the Year award was created, to be awarded to the best young field hockey player of the year.
StreetScooter
B-ON GmbH (formerly Streetscooter GmbH until 2022) is an electric vehicle manufacturer located in Aachen, Germany. The company has been owned by DHL Group since 2014.

The company has delivered over 17,000 all-electric vans and trucks in Germany alone, with a stated goal of 21,500 van in operation by DHL.

Deutsche Post
Deutsche Post (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈpɔst], lit. 'German Post') is a brand of DHL Group (listed as "Deutsche Post AG"), used for its domestic mail services in Germany. The services offered under the brand are those of a traditional mail service, making the brand the successor of the former state-owned mail monopoly, Deutsche Bundespost. As of 2008, the monopoly for Deutsche Post on these services has expired.
HERACLES (spacecraft)
HERACLES (Human-Enhanced Robotic Architecture and Capability for Lunar Exploration and Science) was a proposed robotic transport system to and from the Moon by Europe (ESA), Japan (JAXA), and Canada (CSA) that would feature a lander called the European Large Logistic Lander (EL3, or Argonaut), a Lunar Ascent Element, and a rover. The lander could be configured for different operations such as up to 1.5 tons of cargo delivery, sample-returns, or prospecting resources found on the Moon. The system was planned to support the Artemis program and perform lunar exploration using the Lunar Gateway space station as a staging point. As of 2023, the HERACLES project has been superseded by the Argonaut project, and is no longer active.

Canadian Space Agency
The Canadian Space Agency (CSA; French: Agence spatiale canadienne, ASC) is the national space agency of Canada, established in 1990 by the Canadian Space Agency Act.

The president is Lisa Campbell, who took the position on September 3, 2020. The agency is responsible to the minister of innovation, science and industry. The CSA's headquarters are located at the John H. Chapman Space Centre in Longueuil, Quebec. The agency also has offices in Ottawa, Ontario, and small liaison offices in Houston, Washington, and Paris.
Nuisance candidate
In the Philippines, a nuisance candidate is an official term for an aspirant candidate for a public office whose certificate of candidacy was not accepted by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) either motu proprio by the election body itself or upon a verified petition of an interested party.

Commission on Elections (Philippines)
The Commission on Elections (Filipino: Komisyon sa Halalan), abbreviated as COMELEC, is one of the three constitutional commissions of the Philippines. Its principal role is to enforce all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of elections in the Philippines.

The other two Constitutional Commissions are the Commission on Audit and Civil Service Commission.
Scott Allardice
Scott Allardice (born 31 March 1998) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Cambodian Premier League side Visakha. He began his career with Dundee United, making his first team debut in April 2017. He spent loan spells with East Fife and Dumbarton in 2018 before joining Bohemians in 2019. In 2020 he joined Inverness Caledonian Thistle and player there until 2023, when he joined their Highland rivals Ross County. He has represented the Scotland national under-19 team.

Highland derby
The Highland derby is a football rivalry that is based in the Scottish Highlands. It is contested between the only two full-time SPFL clubs in the Highland council area, Inverness Caledonian Thistle and Ross County. The city of Inverness and town of Dingwall are only 14 miles (23 km) apart, whereas the nearest other professional clubs (Aberdeen, Dundee, Dundee United and St Johnstone) are over 100 miles (160 km) away from either club. The fixture is the most northerly professional football derby in the UK.
Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf
Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (2 November 1739 – 24 October 1799) was an Austrian composer and violinist. He was a friend of both Haydn and Mozart. His best-known works include the German singspiel Doktor und Apotheker and a number of programmatic symphonies based on Ovid's Metamorphoses.

Singspiel
A Singspiel (German pronunciation: [ˈzɪŋʃpiːl] ⓘ; plural: Singspiele; lit. 'sing-play') is a form of German-language music drama, now regarded as a genre of opera. It is characterized by spoken dialogue, which is alternated with ensembles, songs, ballads, and arias which were often strophic, or folk-like. Singspiel plots are generally comic or romantic in nature, and frequently include elements of magic, fantastical creatures, and comically exaggerated characterizations of good and evil.
Mbaïki
Mbaïki (also spelt Mbaki or M'Baiki) is the capital of Lobaye, one of the 14 prefectures of the Central African Republic. It is situated in the southwest of the country, 107 km from the capital Bangui. Lobaye people and Pygmy people live in the area.  There is also a waterfall near the town.

Prefectures of the Central African Republic
Since 10 December 2020, the Central African Republic has been administratively divided into 20 prefectures (French: préfectures, Sango: kodoro kômanda-kôta), including the capital, Bangui.

Each prefecture is governed by a local assembly called General Council (Conseil Général), presided by a Prefect (Préfet). The prefectures are further subdivided into 84 sub-prefectures.

Prefectures are all named after major rivers passing through their areas:

Ubangi, Nana, Mambéré, Kadeï, Lobaye, M'Poko, Ombella, Sangha, Kémo, Ouaka, Kotto, and Mbomou all flow into the Congo River.

Pendé, Ouham, Gribingui, Bamingui, Bangoran, and Vakaga all flow into the Chari River, and then into Lake Chad.

(Basse ("Lower") means downstream, and Haut or Haute ("Upper") means upstream.)
Better Days (2019 film)
Better Days (Chinese: 少年的你; pinyin: Shàonián de nǐ) is a 2019 drama film directed by Derek Tsang and written by Lam Wing Sum, Li Yuan and Xu Yimeng. Based on the Chinese young adult novel In His Youth, In Her Beauty by Jiu Yuexi, the film stars Zhou Dongyu and Jackson Yee, and follows a high school girl struggling with severe bullying and the pressure of upcoming college entrance exams, whose life becomes intertwined with that of a teenage street thug.

Better Days was released on 25 October 2019 in China. One of the most highly anticipated Chinese films in 2019 due to its lead actors' immense popularity, the film became a pop culture phenomenon in China as well as a box office hit, grossing a total of US$230.1 million. It was also a critical success, and was nominated for Best International Feature Film at the 93rd Academy Awards, as the official entry from Hong Kong.

Gaokao
The Nationwide Unified Examination for Admissions to General Universities and Colleges (普通高等学校招生全国统一考试), commonly abbreviated as the Gaokao (高考; 'Higher Exam'; also interpreted as the National College Entrance Examination), is the annual nationally-coordinated provincially-administered undergraduate admission exam in mainland China, held in early June. Despite the name, the exam is conducted at the provincial level, with variations determined by provincial governments, under the central coordination of the Ministry of Education of China.

Gaokao is required for undergraduate admissions to all higher education institutions in the country. It is taken by high school students at the end of their final year.
Luc Violette
Luc Violette (born March 8, 1999) is an American curler from Edmonds, Washington. He is a five-time United States Junior Champion and was a silver medalist at both the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics and the 2017 World Junior Championships.

2017 World Junior Curling Championships
The 2017 World Junior Curling Championships (branded as the 2017 VoIP Defender World Junior Curling Championships for sponsorship reasons) was held from February 16 to 26 at the Gangneung Curling Centre in Gangneung, South Korea.

The tournament has been designated as a test event for curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
Justin Sambu
Justin Sambu (born January 22, 1999) is a Canadian professional football defensive lineman for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at Maine and Baylor. He has also been a member of the Toronto Argonauts of the CFL.

Maine Black Bears football
The Maine Black Bears football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of Maine located in the U.S. state of Maine. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference. Maine's first football team was fielded in 1892. The team plays its home games at the 8,419 seat Alfond Stadium in Orono, Maine.
Hanson Industries (ski boots)
Hanson Industries invented and popularized the rear-entry ski boot. Formed by brothers Chris and Denny Hanson in 1969, the company became a huge success in the late 1970s. A series of missteps in the early 1980s led to a rapid death spiral and the company went bankrupt in 1984. It was purchased by Daiwa, a Japanese fishing tackle company that handled Hanson's distribution in Japan. Daiwa ended sales in North America and Europe. European products, notably the famous Salomon SX series, used Hanson's exit as a springboard to market domination during the second half of the 1980s. Denny Hanson later introduced the "Apex" design, which combines features of alpine and snowboarding boots.

Salomon Group
Salomon SAS is a French sports equipment manufacturing company headquartered in Annecy, France. It was founded in 1947 by François Salomon in the heart of the French Alps and is a major brand in outdoor sports equipment. Salomon is owned by Finnish retail conglomerate Amer Sports, along with Wilson, Atomic, Precor, and Arc'teryx, among others.
Tug (banner)
A tug (Mongolian: туг [tʰʊɡ], Turkish: tuğ, Ottoman Turkish: طوغ ṭuġ or توغ tuġ) or sulde (Mongolian: сүлд, Tibetan: བ་དན) is a pole with circularly arranged horsetail hairs of varying colors arranged at the top. It was historically flown during the period of the Mongol Empire and also by the Turkic tribal confederations such as the Duolu (Tuğluğ Confederation), and later used in derived Turco-Mongol khanates. It was also used by the Ottoman Empire, a state which was founded by Oghuz Turks. Among the Ottomans, the tug, as a sign of power and rank of pashas, was in use before the introduction of combat troops. Based on the number of tugs attached, a pasha was called "two-tug" and "three-tug."
In the 17th century, it was also adopted by East Slav paramilitaries, the Cossacks and haydamaka, under the name bunchuk (Ukrainian: бунчук, Polish: buńczuk), which is the reflection of the original Common Turkic word bōnčuk. It is still used by some units of the Polish military.

Turkic tribal confederations
The Turkic term oğuz or oğur (in z- and r-Turkic, respectively) is a historical term for "military division, clan, or tribe" among the Turkic peoples.
With the Mongol invasions of 1206–21, the Turkic khaganates were replaced by Mongol or hybrid Turco-Mongol confederations, where the corresponding military division came to be known as orda.
Lyrically, Alan Bergman
Lyrically, Alan Bergman is the debut album by American lyricist Alan Bergman. It was recorded in 2007 and released later that year by Verve Records. The album consists of songs with lyrics by Bergman and his wife, Marilyn Bergman (née Keith). Alan and Marilyn Bergman have been nominated fifteen times for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, and have won twice, at the 41st Academy Awards for "Windmills of Your Mind", and for "The Way We Were" at the 46th Academy Awards, both winning songs are featured on this album.

The Windmills of Your Mind
"The Windmills of Your Mind" is a song with music by French composer Michel Legrand and English lyrics written by American lyricists Alan and Marilyn Bergman. French lyrics, under the title "Les Moulins de mon cœur", were written by Eddy Marnay. It was originally recorded by the English actor Noel Harrison in 1968.

The song (with the English lyrics) was introduced in the film The Thomas Crown Affair (1968),
and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. In 2004, "Windmills of Your Mind" was ranked 57 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top songs in American cinema. A cover by Sting was used in the 1999 remake of The Thomas Crown Affair.
Actant
In narrative theory, an actant in the actantial model of semiotic narrative analysis is a type of role that a character may have in a narrative. Bruno Latour writes,

An “actor” in [actor-network theory] is a semiotic definition -an actant-, that is, something that acts or to which activity is granted by others. It implies no special motivation of human individual actors, nor of humans in general. An actant can literally be anything provided it is granted to be the source of an action.

The term actant also has uses in linguistics, sociology, computer programming theory, and astrology.

Narratology
Narratology is the study of narrative and narrative structure and the ways that these affect human perception. The term is an anglicisation of French narratologie, coined by Tzvetan Todorov (Grammaire du Décaméron, 1969). Its theoretical lineage is traceable to Aristotle (Poetics) but modern narratology is agreed to have begun with the Russian formalists, particularly Vladimir Propp (Morphology of the Folktale, 1928), and Mikhail Bakhtin's theories of heteroglossia, dialogism, and the chronotope first presented in The Dialogic Imagination (1975).

Cognitive narratology is a more recent development that allows for a broader understanding of narrative. Rather than focus on the structure of the story, cognitive narratology asks "how humans make sense of stories" and "how humans use stories as sense-making instruments".
Arjan Bhullar
Arjan Singh Bhullar (born May 13, 1986) is a Indo-Canadian mixed martial artist currently competing in the heavyweight division of ONE Championship, where he is the former ONE Heavyweight World Champion. He has also competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Bhullar is also a former freestyle wrestler and collegiate wrestler. In freestyle, he was a CIS national champion in 2009 and represented Canada at the 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011 World Championships, the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the 2007 Pan American Games and the 2012 Summer Olympics. In folkstyle, Bhullar is a two-time NAIA champion.

U Sports
U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body for universities in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country and four regional conferences: Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), Canada West (CW), and Atlantic University Sport (AUS). The equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Some institutions are members of both bodies for different sports.
Atma Upanishad
The Atma Upanishad (Sanskrit: आत्मा उपनिषत्), is one of the minor Upanishadic texts of Hinduism, written in Sanskrit language. It is one of the 31 Upanishads, associated with the Atharvaveda. It is classified as a Samanya (general) and Vedantic Upanishad.

The Upanishad describes three types of Self (atman): the Bahya-atma or external self (body), the Antar-atma or inner self (individual soul) and the Param-atma or highest self (the Brahman, Purusha). The text asserts that one must meditate, during Yoga, on the highest self as one's self that is partless, spotless, changeless, desireless, indescribable, all-penetrating.

The text has also been referred to as Atmopanishad. In the Telugu language anthology of 108 Upanishads of the Muktika canon, narrated by Rama to Hanuman, it is listed at number 76.

Muktikā
Muktikā (Sanskrit: मुक्तिका) refers to the Sanskrit-language anthology of a canon of 108 Upaniṣhads. The date of composition of each is unknown, with the oldest probably from about 800 BCE. The Principal Upanishads were composed in the 1st millennium BCE, most Yoga Upanishads composed probably from the 100 BCE to 300 CE period, and seven of the Sannyasa Upanishads composed before the 3rd century CE.

The canon is part of a dialogue between Rama and Hanuman dealing with the inquiry into mukti in the Muktikā Upanishad (108 in the list). The other collections of Upanishads include Oupanekhat, a Persian language anthology of 50 Upanishads; the Colebrooke Collection of 52 Upanishads, and the 52 Upanishad Collection of Nārāyana.