hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Davvi Girji
Davvi Girji (Northern book) is a Sámi publishing house and media company located in Karasjok, Norway. It is the largest Sámi publishing house, specializing in fiction and text books. In addition, it publishes large Northern Sámi-Norwegian dictionaries

The publisher has over 300 releases since 1979, with a broad language variety such as: Northern Sámi, Southern Sámi, Kildin Sámi, Lule Sámi, Norwegian, Swedish, German, Finnish and English.

Davvi Girji also stands behind the subtitles of the Sámi news Ođđasat in NRK. Davvi Girji has also engaged in the work of Sámi computer solutions.

This article is wholly or partly based on material from the Norwegian-language Wikipedia

Northern Sámi
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame [ˈpohjoi̯sˌsɑːme]; Norwegian: nordsamisk; Swedish: nordsamiska; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely spoken of all Sámi languages. The area where Northern Sámi is spoken covers the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Nick Rose (lacrosse)
Nick Rose (born February 11, 1988) is a Canadian professional box lacrosse goaltender currently playing for the Toronto Rock of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). He is also the current president and general manager of the Orangeville Northmen of the Ontario Junior Lacrosse League (OJLL). He was drafted 28th overall by the Toronto Rock in the 2008 NLL Entry Draft.

National Lacrosse League entry draft
The National Lacrosse League entry draft is an annual event where the general managers of National Lacrosse League (NLL) teams choose eligible players for their rosters from US college programs and Canada's junior lacrosse system.

A player is deemed eligible for the draft if he is 21 years of age, or is less than 21 years of age and has used or given up all NCAA or NAIA eligibility.
Marcello Maruzzo
Marcello "Tullio" Rappo Maruzzo OFM (23 July 1929 – 1 July 1981) was an Italian Catholic priest and missionary dedicated to catechesis and evangelization among the local people in Guatemala. Maruzzo was a member of the Order of Friars Minor.

Murdered in 1981 alongside Luis Navarro, Maruzzo is venerated by Catholics and his beatification received approval from Pope Francis and was celebrated in Izabal, Guatemala on 27 October 2018.

Catechesis
Catechesis (/ˌkætəˈkiːsɪs/; from Greek: κατήχησις, 'instruction by word of mouth', generally 'instruction') is basic Christian religious education of children and adults, often from a catechism book. It started as education of converts to Christianity, but as the religion became institutionalized, catechesis was used for education of members who had been baptized as infants. As defined in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraph 5 (quoting Pope John Paul II's Apostolic Exhortation Catechesi tradendae, §18):

Catechesis is an education in the faith of children, young people and adults which includes especially the teaching of Christian doctrine imparted, generally speaking, in an organic and systematic way, with a view to initiating the hearers into the fullness of Christian life.
Wilhelm Ostwald
Wilhelm Friedrich Ostwald (German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɔstˌvalt] ⓘ; 2 September [O.S. 21 August] 1853 – 4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist and philosopher.  Ostwald is credited with being one of the founders of the field of physical chemistry, with Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Walther Nernst and Svante Arrhenius.
He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his scientific contributions to the fields of catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities.

Following his 1906 retirement from academic life, Ostwald became much involved in philosophy, art, and politics. He made significant contributions to each of these fields. He has been described as a polymath.

Chemical equilibrium
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products. Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium.
It is the subject of study of equilibrium chemistry.
Oda Utsi Onstad
Oda Utsi Onstad (born 12 May 1990) is a Norwegian long and triple jumper representing Norna-Salhus IL. She is a 28-time national champion, counting indoor and outdoor junior and senior titles from 2006 to 2023. As of 2023 she is the current Norwegian record holder in the women's indoor triple jump.

Norwegian Indoor Athletics Championships
The Norwegian Indoor Athletics Championships (Norwegian: Norgesmesterskapet i friidrett innendørs) is an annual indoor track and field competition organised by the Norwegian Athletics Association, which serves as the Norwegian indoor national championship for the sport.

It was first held in 1964 as a non-championship event, before receiving official national sanctioning in 2004. After this change, foreign athletes could only compete as guests, and then only where they are members of a Norwegian athletics club. The competition is unusual in its long-established hosting of standing variations of the high and long jump, dating back to 1919.
Winds of Plague
Winds of Plague is an American deathcore band from Upland, California. Formed in 2002, the band is known for being one of the first deathcore bands to incorporate symphonic elements into their music.

The band's name is derived from a section of lyrics in the Unearth song "Endless": "Growing wings of sorrow/have brought you to the winds of plague."

Unearth
Unearth is an American metalcore band formed in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1998. The group consists of lead guitarist Buz McGrath, vocalist Trevor Phipps, bassist Chris O'Toole, drummer Mike Justian and rhythm guitarist Peter Layman. They are currently signed to Century Media Records and have released eight studio albums. Their most recent studio album, The Wretched; the Ruinous, was released on May 5, 2023.
Arvi Parbo
Sir Arvi Hillar Parbo (10 February 1926 – 1 May 2019) was a business executive who was concurrently chairman of three of Australia's largest companies, Alcoa World Alumina & Chemicals, Munich Re, and Zurich Australian Insurance.

Munich Re
Munich Re Group or Munich Reinsurance Company (German: Münchener Rück; Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft) is a German multinational insurance company based in Munich, Germany. It is the world's largest reinsurer. ERGO, a subsidiary of Munich Re, serves as the primary insurance arm of the Group. Munich Re's shares are publicly listed. Munich Re is included in the DAX index at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the Euro Stoxx 50, and other indices.
Vypen Assembly constituency
Vypin State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India.  It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is K. N. Unnikrishnan of CPI(M).

Vypin Assembly constituency was established by the 2008 delimitation. Before, it used to be known as Njarackal Assembly constituency from 1957 to 2008.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Antwerp prison
Antwerp prison (Gevangenis van Antwerpen) is a nineteenth-century prison complex located at Begijnenstraat in the port city of Antwerp, Belgium. Built in the 1850s to plans by architect Joseph Jonas Dumont as part of Édouard Ducpétiaux’s modernisation of the Belgian penal system, it remains in use as Antwerp’s principal remand facility. The star-shaped complex combines Neo-Romanesque architecture with a panopticon layout inspired by London’s Pentonville model. During the Second World War several prominent collaborators and nationalists were held and deported from the prison. Chronic overcrowding and infrastructure problems have drawn criticism in the 21st century, leading to plans for a replacement facility.

HM Prison Pentonville
HM Prison Pentonville (informally "The Ville") is an English Category B men's prison, operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. Pentonville Prison is not in Pentonville, but is located further north, on the Caledonian Road in the Barnsbury area of the London Borough of Islington, north London.
Binary function
In mathematics, a binary function (also called bivariate function, or function of two variables) is a function that takes two inputs.

Precisely stated, a function  is binary if there exists sets  such that

where  is the Cartesian product of  and

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Germán Beltrán
Germán Beltrán Juárez (born 26 October 1979) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a forward, currently manager of Alavés C.

He spent most of his career in the Segunda División B, making 256 appearances and scoring 49 goals for six clubs, mainly Barakaldo. Professionally, he played 36 times in Segunda División for Eibar and Girona, scoring once for each.

Deportivo Alavés C
Deportivo Alavés C, S.A.D., usually known as Alavés C, is a Spanish football team based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, in the autonomous community of Basque Country. Founded in 1980 as AD Zaldiaran, they are the second reserve team of Deportivo Alavés, and play in the Tercera Federación – Group 4.

The team's home kit was blue and white-striped shirt, blue shorts and white socks.
Tobu 8000 series
The Tobu 8000 series (東武8000系, Tōbu 8000-kei) is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway in Japan since 1963. A total of 712 vehicles were built between 1963 and 1983, making this the most numerous EMU type operated by any private railway operator in Japan.

Tobu 7800 series
The Tobu 7800 series (東武7800系, Tōbu 7800-kei) was a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway in Japan.

A total of 164 7800 series vehicles were built between 1953 and 1961. With the exception of two vehicles withdrawn due to accident damage, all of the cars were ultimately rebuilt between 1978 and 1986 to become 5000 series sets.
Óscar Graham
Óscar Miguel Graham Yamahuchi (born in San Martín de Porres, Lima, on 23 December 1962) is a Peruvian economist engineer. He served as the second minister of Economy and Finance in the presidency of Pedro Castillo.

Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, MEF) of Peru is the government ministry responsible for the planning and execution of  economic policies of the Peruvian government with the goal of optimizing the economic and financial activities of the state, establish macroeconomic activity, and achieve the sustainable growth of the nation's economy.

The current Minister of Economy and Finance is Raúl Pérez-Reyes, serving since 13 May 2025.
Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.

Compressibility
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the compressibility (also known as the coefficient of compressibility or, if the temperature is held constant, the isothermal compressibility) is a measure of the instantaneous relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change. In its simple form, the compressibility  (denoted β in some fields) may be expressed as

,

where V is volume and p is pressure. The choice to define compressibility as the negative of the fraction makes compressibility positive in the (usual) case that an increase in pressure induces a reduction in volume. The reciprocal of compressibility at fixed temperature is called the isothermal bulk modulus.
Pedro Bordaberry
Juan Pedro Bordaberry Herrán (born 28 April 1960) is a Uruguayan attorney, lecturer, and politician, serving as Senator of the Republic since 2025. He previously served in the same position from 2010 to 2020, as Minister of Tourism and Sports from 2003 to 2005, and as Minister of Industry, Energy and Mining from 2002 to 2003. A member of the Colorado Party, he was the party's candidate for president in the 2009 and 2014 presidential elections.

2014 Uruguayan general election
General elections were held in Uruguay on 26 October 2014, alongside a constitutional referendum. As no presidential candidate received an absolute majority in the first round of voting, a runoff took place on 30 November. Primary elections to determine each party's presidential candidate had been held on 1 June.

Incumbent President José Mujica was ineligible to run owing to a constitutional limit on serving consecutive terms. The governing Broad Front nominated Mujica's predecessor, Tabaré Vázquez, as its candidate. Vázquez came within a few thousand votes of a first-round victory and advanced to the runoff with National Party candidate Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, son of former president Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera. In the runoff, Vázquez was returned to office with the widest margin since the run-off system was first implemented in 1999. The Broad Front also maintained its majority in the Chamber of Deputies, winning 50 of the 99 seats.
Epic (video game)
Epic (or Epic: The Adventure Begins) is a space combat simulator developed by Digital Image Design and published by Ocean Software for the Commdore Amiga and Atari ST in early 1992. A port to MS-DOS also appeared in the same year, followed by a version for the PC-98 in 1993. A sequel, Inferno, was released in 1994.

Space flight simulation game
Space flight simulation is a genre of flight simulator video games that lets players experience space flight to varying degrees of realism. Common mechanics include space exploration, space trade and space combat.
David Marks (preacher)
David Marks (November 4, 1805 – December 1, 1845) was an American Baptist preacher.

He was born in Shandaken, Ulster County, New York. At age 13, he set out on foot for Providence, Rhode Island. He walked 368 miles (592 km) before arriving at Brown University.  However, upon his arrival he was informed that tuition would be free, but no other funds were available for boarding or clothing.  He then walked 368 miles (592 km) back home.

On June 11, 1819, he was baptized and became a member of the Freewill Baptist Church in Phelps. The following year he joined the Freewill Baptist Church in Junius.

At age 15, he felt the call of God leading him to enter the ministry. He left home and began preaching in what was known as the Holland Purchase. Large congregations would gather to hear his preaching.  However, during his first 3 months absence from home, his mother died and his father's house was burned.

Free Will Baptist
Free Will Baptists or Free Baptists are a sub-group of General Baptists that emphasizes the teaching of free salvation and free will. The group can be traced back to 17th century England.

In 1702, Paul Palmer would go on to establish the Free Will Baptists in North Carolina and in 1727 formed the Free Will Baptist Church of Chowan. Many Calvinists became Free Will Baptists in the 19th century. With the establishment of Free Will Baptists in the South, Benjamin Randall developed the movement in the Northeastern United States.

Being the Free Will Baptists a sub-group originating from the General Baptist (Arminian) strand of the Baptist tradition, they, also in common with other Dissenters from the Church of England, followed the notion of self-governance of local churches.
Tiptoe
Tiptoe (tiptoes or tippy toes) describes the human body posture and locomotion of removing the heel(s) of one or both feet from the ground. The term is mostly used colloquially when the weight is placed on the balls of the feet rather than literally on the tips of the toes; literal tip-toeing is difficult but possible, as in the pointe technique of ballet. In running, landing on the ball of the foot is known as forefoot strike.

Pointe technique
Pointe technique (/pwænt/ pwant) is part of classical ballet involving a technique that concerns pointe work, in which a ballet dancer supports all body weight on the tips of fully extended feet when wearing pointe shoes. A dancer is said to be en pointe (/ɒ̃-, ɒn-, ɑːn ˈpwænt/) when the body is supported in this manner, and a fully extended vertical foot is said to be en pointe when touching the floor, even when not bearing weight.

Pointe technique resulted from a desire for female dancers to appear weightless and sylph-like. Although both men and women are capable of pointe work, it is most often performed by women. Extensive training and practice are required to develop the strength and technique needed for pointe work. Typically, dance teachers consider factors such as age, experience, strength and alignment when deciding whether to allow a dancer to begin pointe work.
Arthroplasty
Arthroplasty (literally "[re-]forming of joint") is an orthopedic surgical procedure where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, remodeled, or realigned by osteotomy or some other procedure. It is an elective procedure that is done to relieve pain and restore function to the joint after damage by arthritis or some other type of trauma.

Osteotomy
An osteotomy is a surgical operation whereby a bone is cut to shorten or lengthen it or to change its alignment. It is sometimes performed to correct a hallux valgus, or to straighten a bone that has healed crookedly following a fracture. It is also used to correct a coxa vara, genu valgum, and genu varum. The operation is done under a general anaesthetic.

Osteotomy is one method to relieve pain of arthritis, especially of the hip and knee. It is being replaced by joint replacement in the older patient.

Due to the serious nature of this procedure, recovery may be extensive. Careful consultation with a physician is important in order to ensure proper planning during a recovery phase. Tools exist to assist recovering patients who may have non–weight bearing requirements and include bedpans, dressing sticks, long-handled shoe-horns, grabbers/reachers and specialized walkers and wheelchairs.
N'attendons pas
N'attendons pas is the third studio album from French singer-songwriter Vianney. It was released on 30 October 2020 by Tôt ou tard. The album includes the singles "N'attendons pas" and "Beau-papa". The album topped the French Albums Chart.

SNEP
SNEP (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique, in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry. Originally known under the acronym SNICOP, the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.
John Sperling
John Glen Sperling (January 9, 1921 – August 22, 2014) was an American billionaire businessman who is credited with having led the contemporary for-profit education movement in the United States The fortune he amassed was based on his founding of the for-profit University of Phoenix for working adults in 1976, which became part of the publicly traded Apollo Group. Sperling brought the business model of higher education to the forefront, a model that employed the scientific management of higher education to the forefront: diminishing the power and importance of labor, increasing the importance of technology, marketing and advertising, and as University of Phoenix cofounder John D. Murphy explained, maximizing profit. For ventures ranging from pet cloning to green energy, he has widely been described as an "eccentric" self-made man by The Washington Post and other media.

For-profit education
For-profit education (also known as the education services industry or proprietary education) refers to educational institutions operated by private, profit-seeking businesses. For-profit education is common in many parts of the world, constituting more than 70% of the higher education sector in Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and the Philippines.
Alexander Aitken
Alexander Craig "Alec" Aitken FRS FRSE FRSL FRSNZ (1 April 1895–3 November 1967) was one of New Zealand's most eminent mathematicians. In a 1935 paper he introduced the concept of generalized least squares, along with now standard vector/matrix notation for the linear regression model. Another influential paper co-authored with his student Harold Silverstone established the lower bound on the variance of an estimator, now known as Cramér–Rao bound. He was elected to the Royal Society of Literature for his World War I memoir, Gallipoli to the Somme.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.