hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Hamilton (Loyalist)
John Hamilton (died December 12, 1816) was the commander of the Royal North Carolina Regiment of Loyalist provincial volunteers during the American Revolutionary War from 1777 to 1783. Prior to the Revolution, Hamilton was a successful merchant in Halifax, North Carolina, with business interests throughout the Province of North Carolina. Hamilton commanded soldiers in several major engagements, including the battles of Brier Creek, Camden, Guilford Courthouse, and Yorktown.  After the conclusion of the war, Hamilton was made British consul to Norfolk, Virginia, one of only three Loyalists to receive consular positions in the newly created United States.

Battle of Brier Creek
The Battle of Brier Creek was an American Revolutionary War battle fought on March 3, 1779, near the confluence of Brier Creek with the Savannah River in eastern Georgia. An American Patriot force consisting principally of militia from North Carolina and Georgia along with some Continental Army troops were defeated by British forces, suffering significant casualties. The rout damaged Patriot morale.
John Pelphrey
John Leslie Pelphrey (born July 18, 1968) is an American college basketball coach, currently the head coach of the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles. After being named Kentucky Mr. Basketball in 1987, he became a star college player at the University of Kentucky.

After his playing career ended, Pelphrey became as an assistant coach under Eddie Sutton at Oklahoma State University. He was then hired to serve under Billy Donovan at Marshall University and followed him to Florida. Pelphrey took his first head coaching job in 2002, when he was hired by the University of South Alabama, and in 2007 he was chosen to take the head coaching position at the University of Arkansas. After leaving Arkansas, he returned to Florida.

Marshall University
Marshall University is a public research university in Huntington, West Virginia, United States.  It was founded in 1837 and is named after John Marshall, the fourth chief justice of the United States. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Edmond Bezik
Edmond Bezik (Persian: ادموند بزيک; Armenian: Էդմունդ Բազիկյան, born 12 August 1975 in Tehran, Iran) is a retired Armenian-Iranian footballer and coach. He played for Persepolis, Sepahan and Ararat Tehran and was a member of Iran national football team. He is currently head coach of Persepolis's under-23 team.

Sepahan S.C.
Foolad Mobarakeh Sepahan Sport Club (Persian: باشگاه فولاد مبارکه سپاهان, Bâšgâh-e Farhangi-Varzeši-ye Fulâd-e Mobârake-ye Sepâhân), commonly known as Sepahan, is an Iranian sports club based in Isfahan. It is best known for their football section that play in the Persian Gulf Pro League, the highest tier of Iranian football league system.

In the 2002–03 season, Sepahan ended the total dominance of two Tehran-based clubs, Persepolis and Esteghlal, to win the Pro League. They are also the first Iranian club to win three consecutive league titles, reach the AFC Champions League final in 2007 and qualify for the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup, becoming the first-ever Iranian representative to the tournament. To date, they have won five league titles and five Hazfi Cups, becoming one of the most successful football clubs in Iran.
Michael Mann (sociologist)
Michael Mann FBA (born 1942) is a British-American emeritus professor of sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and past honorary professor at the University of Cambridge.  Mann holds dual British and United States citizenships.

John A. Hall
John A. Hall FRSC (born 1949) is the James McGill Emeritus Professor of Comparative Historical Sociology at McGill University, Montreal. He is the  author or editor of over 30 books. Hall holds British, Canadian and American citizenships.
Computational materials science
Computational materials science and engineering uses modeling, simulation, theory, and informatics to understand materials. The main goals include discovering new materials, determining material behavior and mechanisms, explaining experiments, and exploring materials theories. It is analogous to computational chemistry and computational biology as an increasingly important subfield of materials science.

Computational chemistry
Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulations to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry incorporated into computer programs to calculate the structures and properties of molecules, groups of molecules, and solids.  The importance of this subject stems from the fact that, with the exception of some relatively recent findings related to the hydrogen molecular ion (dihydrogen cation), achieving an accurate quantum mechanical depiction of chemical systems analytically, or in a closed form, is not feasible. The complexity inherent in the many-body problem exacerbates the challenge of providing detailed descriptions of quantum mechanical systems. While computational results normally complement information obtained by chemical experiments, it can occasionally predict unobserved chemical phenomena.
He Junke
He Junke (Chinese: 贺军科; born February 1969) is a Chinese executive and politician, currently serving as party branch secretary of the China Association for Science and Technology since May 2023. He previously served as first secretary of the Communist Youth League of China and director of the National Working Committee of the Young Pioneers of China.

He was a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and was an alternate of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

First Secretary of the Communist Youth League of China
The first secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China is the leader of the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC). The first secretary heads the Secretariat of the Central Committee. The Central Committee elects one first secretary and several secretaries to form the Secretariat, which handles the day-to-day affairs of the CYLC.: 126  The first secretary also serves ex officio as the president of the China Youth University of Political Studies.
Compound modifier
A compound modifier (also called a compound adjective, phrasal adjective, or adjectival phrase) is a compound of two or more attributive words: that is, two or more words that collectively modify a noun. Compound modifiers are grammatically equivalent to single-word modifiers and can be used in combination with other modifiers. (In the preceding sentence, "single-word" is itself a compound modifier.)

The constituents of compound modifiers need not be adjectives; combinations of nouns, determiners, and other parts of speech are also common. For example, man-eating (shark) and one-way (street). The punctuation of compound modifiers in English depends on their grammatical role. Attributive compounds—modifiers within the noun phrase—are typically hyphenated, whereas the same compounds used as predicates are typically not (if they are temporary compounds), unless they are permanent compounds attested as dictionary headwords.

Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated ADJ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun.
The adjective is considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., typically are classed separately, as determiners.

Examples:

That used to be an immensely funny idea. (Prepositive attributive)

That idea is funny. (Predicative)

Tell me something funny. (Postpositive attributive)

The good, the bad, and the funny. (Substantive)

Clara Oswald, completely funny, died three times. (Appositive)
Spain lunar sample displays
The  Spain lunar sample displays  are two commemorative plaques consisting of tiny fragments of Moon specimens brought back with the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. These plaques were given to the people of Spain by United States President Richard Nixon as goodwill gifts.

Moon rock
Moon rock or lunar rock is rock originating from Earth's Moon. This includes lunar material collected during the course of human exploration of the Moon, and rock that has been ejected naturally from the Moon's surface and landed on Earth as lunar meteorites.
Count of Viana (da Foz do Lima)
Count of Viana (da Foz do Lima) (in Portuguese Conde de Viana (da Foz do Lima)) was a Portuguese title of nobility granted to Álvaro Pires de Castro, brother of Inês de Castro, granted by King Ferdinand I of Portugal on June 1, 1371. D. Álvaro was already 1st. Count of Arraiolos and 1st. Constable of Portugal.

This county returned to the Crown when the 1st. Count died and it was granted again to Duarte de Menezes on July 6, 1446, by King Edward of Portugal, exchanging it by the county of Viana (do Alentejo), which returned to the Crown. Meanwhile, the county of Viana (da Foz do Lima) was later inherited by his son, Henrique de Menezes.

This title concerned to the city known today as Viana do Castelo, located in the Lima's mouth (in Portuguese Foz do Lima).

Viana do Castelo
Viana do Castelo, officially the City of Viana do Castelo,  is a municipality and seat of the district of Viana do Castelo in the Norte Region of Portugal. The population in 2021 was 85,778, in an area of 319.02 square kilometres (123.17 mi2). The urbanized area of the municipality, comprising the city, has a population of approximately 36,148 inhabitants, although the extended densely populated region reaches surrounding municipalities like Caminha and Ponte de Lima with a population above 150,000 inhabitants. It is located at the mouth of the Lima river, on the Portuguese Way path, an alternative path of the Camino de Santiago.
Alex Cabrera
Alexander Alberto Cabrera (born December 24, 1971) is a Venezuelan former first baseman and right-handed batter who played in 2000 for the Arizona Diamondbacks in Major League Baseball (MLB) and for 12 seasons in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He also played several seasons in the Mexican League and the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League (LVBP). He is the hitting coach for the Marineros de Carabobo of the Venezuelan Major League.

After his one season in MLB, Cabrera enjoyed great success in Japan. He tied a single-season home run record, hitting 55 home runs in 2002 and winning the Pacific League MVP. He was also a five-time All-Star in Japan. However, he tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs several times and faced additional accusations of using steroids.

Pacific League
The Pacific League (パシフィック・リーグ, Pashifikku Rīgu), or Pa League (パ・リーグ, Pa Rīgu), or the Persol Pacific League (パーソルパシフィック・リーグ, Pāsoruhōrudingusu Pa rīgu), due to sponsorship reasons, is one of the two professional baseball leagues constituting Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan. The winner of the league championship competes against the winner in the Central League for the annual Japan Series. It currently consists of six teams from around Japan.
Battle of Obreška
The Battle of Obreška (Croatian: Bitka kod Obreške) was fought on 10 September 1565 between the Ottoman forces of Mustafa Pasha Sokolović, sanjakbey of Bosnia, and the Germanic and Croatian forces led by Croatian ban Petar Erdody. The battle was a part of the Croatian–Ottoman wars and Ottoman–Habsburg wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy.

Sanjak of Bosnia
The Sanjak of Bosnia (Turkish: Bosna Sancak; Serbo-Croatian: Bosanski sandžak / Босански санџак) was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire. It was established in 1463, after the lands conquered from the Kingdom of Bosnia were transformed into a sanjak. Its first sanjakbey was Isa Bey Ishaković.

Between 1463 and 1580, it was part of the Rumelia Eyalet. Due to its strategic position on the border, it functioned as a krajište (frontier province), serving as a military base for Ottoman raids into Hungary and Croatia.

After the Bosnia Eyalet was established in 1580, the Sanjak of Bosnia became its central and main province. Between 1864 and the Austro-Hungarian occupation in 1878, it was part of the Bosnia Vilayet. Although the Bosnia Vilayet formally remained part of the Ottoman Empire until 1908, the Sanjak of Bosnia de facto ceased to exist in 1878.
Congregation Beth Israel (Berkeley, California)
Congregation Beth Israel (Hebrew: בית ישראל) is a Modern Orthodox synagogue in Berkeley, California, United States. Established in 1924 as the Berkeley Hebrew Center, it traces its origins to the First Hebrew Congregation of Berkeley, founded in 1909. It was Berkeley's first synagogue and remains its oldest. Lay-led for four decades, it hired its first rabbi, Saul Berman, in 1963.

Berman served until 1969, and was succeeded by Yosef Leibowitz, who served for 15 years. During the 1980s and early 1990s Beth Israel was at the vanguard of the baal teshuva movement in Modern Orthodox Judaism.

In 1999 the congregation began an $8 million fund-raising campaign to build a new synagogue, a replica of the Przedbórz Synagogue, destroyed in Poland by the Nazis, during the Holocaust in 1942. Difficult economic times restricted fundraising efforts, and instead the congregation completed a more modest structure in 2005. As of 2022, the rabbi was Yonatan Cohen.

Baal teshuva
In Judaism, a ba'al teshuvah (Hebrew: בעל תשובה; for a woman, בעלת תשובה, ba'alat teshuva or ba'alas teshuva; plural, בעלי תשובה, ba'alei teshuva, 'owner of return [to God or his way]') is a Jew who adopts some form of traditional religious observance after having previously followed a secular lifestyle or a less  frum form of Judaism.

The baal teshuva movement is a description of the return of secular Jews to religious Judaism. The term is used to refer to a worldwide phenomenon among the Jewish people.
Tolerogenic therapy
Tolerogenic therapy aims to induce immune tolerance where there is pathological or undesirable activation of the normal immune response. This can occur, for example, when an allogeneic transplantation patient develops an immune reaction to donor antigens, or when the body responds inappropriately to autoantigens implicated in autoimmune diseases. Research using animal models in transplantation and autoimmune diseases has led to early-phase human trials of tolerogenic therapy for autoimmune conditions like Type 1 Diabetes.

Autoimmunity
In immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents. Any disease resulting from this type of immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease". Prominent examples include celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Addison's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune diseases are very often treated with steroids.

Autoimmunity means presence of antibodies or T cells that react with self-protein and is present in all individuals, even in normal health state. It causes autoimmune diseases if self-reactivity can lead to tissue damage.
Galerix kostakii
Galerix kostakii is a fossil erinaceid mammal from the early Miocene of Greece. It is known from the site of Karydia, assigned to the biostratigraphical zone MN 4; similar fossils have been found at an approximately contemporary Czech site and a slightly younger Greek site. With characters like the presence of a hypocone (fourth cusp) on the upper third premolar, the presence of a connection between the protocone and metaconule cusps on the second upper molar in only a few specimens, this species is intermediate between the slightly older Galerix symeonidisi and the slightly younger Parasorex pristinus. It may form part of the lineage leading from the genus Galerix to the younger genus Parasorex.

Glossary of mammalian dental topography
Many different terms have been proposed for features of the tooth crown in mammals.

The structures within the molars receive different names according to their position and morphology. This nomenclature was developed by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1907 and is, although with many variations, the one that continues today.
Geovany Quenda
Geovany Tcherno Quenda (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒiuˈvɐ̃ˈkẽdɐ]; born 30 April 2007) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a right-winger or right wing-back for Primeira Liga club Sporting CP. He will join Chelsea in the summer of 2026.

Coming through Sporting CP's youth system, Quenda was promoted to the first-team in 2024 and subsequently established himself as an integral player for them, helping them win the domestic double of the Primeira Liga and Taça de Portugal, while also being named the Young Player of the Season.

Born in Guinea-Bissau, he represented Portugal at youth level, being part of the under-17 team that finished as runners-up in the 2024 UEFA European Under-17 Championship.

Portugal national under-17 football team
The Portugal national under-17 football team represents Portugal in international football at this age level and is controlled by Federação Portuguesa de Futebol, the governing body for football in that nation.
1998 Georgia lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1998 Georgia lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1998, to elect the lieutenant governor of Georgia, concurrently with the 1998 gubernatorial election, as well as elections to the United States Senate and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Georgia is one of 21 states that elects its lieutenant governor separately from its governor.

Incumbent Democratic lieutenant governor Pierre Howard chose to not run for re-election in order to run for governor but later dropped out of the race. Mark Taylor defeated Republican nominee Mitch Skandalakis.

Mark Taylor (American politician)
Mark Fletcher Taylor (born May 7, 1957) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served two terms between 1999 and 2007 as the 10th lieutenant governor of Georgia. Taylor was the Democratic nominee for governor of Georgia in 2006, losing in the general election to Republican incumbent Sonny Perdue. To date, Taylor is the last Democrat to hold the office of Lieutenant Governor of Georgia.
Qasimabad Estate
Qasimabad Estate, (also known as Zahurabad pargana ) was a Zamindari estate and a jagir, named as Pargana, Zahurabad, located in the Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh, India it got the status of jagir in year 1675. The capital of Qasimabad estate was the town of Qasimabad but later, in 1758 the capital was shifted to Bahadurganj. It consisted of many places in the pargana of Zahurabad in 1901. The estate was established in year 1700 and it ended in 1956, completing a life span of 256 years.

Zahurabad, Ghazipur
Jahurabad is a village and a block in Kasimabad, Ghazipur tehsil of Ghazipur District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Jahurabad also gives its name to the Jahurabad Assembly Constituency. Jahurabad was a Jagir and was ruled by the family of Nawab Sheikh Abdullah, the family of Jahurabad, Bahadurganj and Qasimabad. As per 1901 Census of India Jahurabad pargana had a total population of 69589 and was spread over 79868 acres.
1967 Arab League summit
The 1967 Arab League summit was held on August 29 in Khartoum as the fourth Arab League Summit in the aftermath of the Arab defeat by Israel in the Six-Day War, and is famous for its Khartoum Resolution, known as "The Three No's"; No peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with Israel.  The summit also resolved that the "oil-rich Arab states" give financial aid to the states who lost the war and to "help them rebuild their military forces." The final communique of the meeting "underscored the Palestinians' right to regain the whole of Palestine—that is, to destroy the State of Israel." The outcome of this summit influenced Israeli foreign policy for decades.

All Arab countries were represented at the summit, except for Syria.

United Arab Republic
The United Arab Republic (UAR; Arabic: الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, romanized: al-Jumhūriyya al-ʿArabiyya al-Muttaḥida) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 to 1971. It was initially a short-lived political union between Egypt (including Egyptian-governed Gaza) and Syria from 1958 until Syria seceded from the union following the 1961 Syrian coup d'état. Egypt continued to be known officially as the United Arab Republic until it was formally dissolved by Anwar Sadat in September 1971.

The republic was led by Gamal Abdel Nasser as the Egyptian president. The UAR was a member of the United Arab States, a loose confederation with the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, which was dissolved in 1961. It was a brief pan-Arab union.
Neman, Russia
Neman (Russian: Не́ман; German: Ragnit; Lithuanian: Ragaĩnė), is a town and the administrative center of Nemansky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located in the historic region of Lithuania Minor, on the steep southern bank of the Neman River, where it forms the Russian border with the Klaipėda Region in Lithuania, and 130 kilometers (81 mi) northeast of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast. Population figures:  11,798 (2010 census); 12,714 (2002 census); 13,821 (1989 Soviet census).

Klaipėda Region
The Klaipėda Region (Lithuanian: Klaipėdos kraštas) or Memel Territory (German: Memelland or Memelgebiet) was defined by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles in 1920 and refers to the northernmost part of the German province of East Prussia, when, as Memelland, it was put under the administration of the Entente's Council of Ambassadors. The Memel Territory, together with other areas severed from Germany (the Saar and Danzig), was to remain under the control of the League of Nations until a future date, when the people of those regions would be allowed to vote on whether or not the land would return to Germany. Today, the former Memel Territory is controlled by Lithuania as part of Klaipėda and Tauragė counties.
Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 9 October  1771 – 16 June 1815), was a German prince and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Oels.  Nicknamed "The Black Duke", he was a military officer who led the Black Brunswickers against French domination in Germany. He briefly ruled the state of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1806 to 1807 and again from 1813 to 1815.

Duchy of Oels
The Duchy of Oleśnica (Polish: Księstwo Oleśnickie, Latin: Ducatus Olsnensis) or Duchy of Oels (German: Herzogtum Oels) was one of the duchies of Silesia with its capital in Oleśnica in Lower Silesia, Poland. Initially ruled by the Silesian Piasts, it was acquired by the Münsterberg (Ziębice) dukes of the Podiebrad family from 1495 and was inherited by the House of Württemberg in 1649. Conquered by Prussia in 1742, it was enfeoffed to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1792 until its dissolution in 1884.