hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eliza Ann Gardner
Eliza Ann Gardner (May 28, 1831 – January 4, 1922) was an African-American abolitionist, religious leader and women's movement leader from Boston, Massachusetts. She founded the missionary society of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZ), was a strong advocate for women's equality within the church, and was a founder of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs.

National Association of Colored Women's Clubs
The National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC) is an American organization that was formed in July 1896 at the First Annual Convention of the National Federation of Afro-American Women in Washington, D.C., United States, by a merger of the National Federation of Afro-American Women, the Woman's Era Club of Boston, and the Colored Women's League of Washington, DC, at the call of Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin. From 1896 to 1904 it was known as the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). It adopted the motto "Lifting as we climb", to demonstrate to "an ignorant and suspicious world that our aims and interests are identical with those of all good aspiring women." When incorporated in 1904, NACW became known as the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC).
Henry F. Hall
Henry Foss Hall, SM (28 June 1897 – 1971) was a Canadian academic administrator. He was Dean, then Principal of Sir George Williams University from 1935 to 1962.

One of the inaugural recipients of the Order of Canada, he received the Medal of Service of the Order of Canada in 1967.

The Henry F. Hall Building at Concordia University in Montreal is named in his honour. A scholarship is named in his honour.

Medal of Service of the Order of Canada
The Medal of Service of the Order of Canada was a decoration, within the Canadian system of honours, created at the same time as the Companion level of the Order of Canada and the Medal of Courage of the Order of Canada. The federal cabinet refused to allow for the establishment of a multi-level national order, and thus the Medal of Service was established as a second tier to the Companion level.
Step Back (Got the Beat song)
"Step Back" is the debut single recorded by South Korean supergroup Got the Beat, the first unit of South Korean project group Girls on Top. It was released digitally on January 3, 2022 by SM Entertainment. Described as a "hip-hop R&B song", it was written by Yoo Young-jin, who also composed it with Dwayne Abernathy Jr., Taylor Monet Parks, and Ryan Jhun. The track is about a woman with high self-esteem warning another woman away from approaching her lover.

"Step Back" was met with mostly negative reviews from music critics, with its lyrical content being universally panned. Commercially, it peaked at number four on the Circle Digital Chart, number five on the US World Digital Songs chart, and number 116 on the Billboard Global 200.

Billboard Global 200
The Billboard Global 200 is a weekly record chart published by Billboard. It ranks the top songs globally and is based on digital sales and online streaming from over 200 territories worldwide. First announced in mid-2019, it launched in September 2020.
Fatehpur, Barabanki
Fatehpur is a town in Barabanki district in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is also a Nagar panchayat, Police station and Tehsil. It is the second biggest urban area of the district after Barabanki city. It is about 35 km north-east of Lucknow, the state capital.

Barabanki
Barabanki is a city and a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Barabanki district and a part of Ayodhya division. The city is about 27 kilometres east of Lucknow, the state capital. It has a population of 146,831 with a density of 331.00 per square kilometre (860.0/sq mi).
2008 United States presidential debates
The 2008 United States presidential debates were a series of debates held during the 2008 presidential election.

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), a bipartisan organization formed in 1987, organized four debates among the major party candidates, sponsored three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate. Only Republican nominee John McCain and Democratic nominee Barack Obama met the criteria for inclusion in the debates, and thus were the only two to appear in the debates sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates. The CPD-sponsored vice presidential debate took place between their respective vice presidential running mates, Sarah Palin and Joe Biden.

Both McCain and Obama did not agree to additional debates; however, each was interviewed at the Civil Forum on the Presidency, held on August 16, 2008, and at the Service Nation Presidential Forum on September 11, 2008. Both Palin and Biden also did not participate in any additional debates.

Commission on Presidential Debates
The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD) is a nonprofit corporation established in 1987 under the joint sponsorship of the Democratic and Republican political parties in the United States. The CPD sponsors and produces debates for U.S. presidential and vice-presidential candidates and undertakes research and educational activities relating to the debates. Between 1988 and 2020, the CPD organized all general election presidential debates.

In 2024, the campaigns of the major-party presumptive presidential candidates, Democratic incumbent Joe Biden and Republican former president Donald Trump, circumvented the CPD and committed to two debates outside the CPD's purview. When Vice President Kamala Harris replaced Biden as the Democratic nominee after the first debate, she and Trump maintained the commitment to the second debate outside the CPD's purview.
Majid Ehsan
Majid Ehsan is a retired three-star rank Pakistan Army general who has served as Inspector General Arms at General Army Headquarters in Rawalpindi. He was appointed to the post of colonel commandant of the Punjab Regiment in July 2021. He previously served as Vice Chief of General Staff and President of the National Defence University, he was appointed as Corp Commander IV Corps in December 2018 until December 2020.

IV Corps (Pakistan)
The IV Corps is a field corps of the Pakistan Army, headquartered in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Having established in January 1966, it is Pakistan army's of one of ten field corps formations which saw its deployment against the Indian Army in 1971.

It is currently being commanded by Lieutenant-General Syed Fayyaz Hussain Shah.
Podolje
Podolje (Hungarian: Nagybodolya, Serbian Cyrillic: Подоље) is a settlement in the region of Baranja, Croatia. Administratively, it is located in the Draž municipality within the Osijek-Baranja County. Population is 140 people as of 2011.

Baranya (region)
Baranya or Baranja (Croatian: Baranja, pronounced [bǎraɲa]; Hungarian: Baranya, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ]) is a geographical and historical region between the Danube and the Drava rivers located in the Pannonian Plain. Its territory is divided between Hungary and Croatia. In Hungary, the region is included in Baranya county, while in Croatia, it is part of Osijek-Baranja county.
Human–animal marriage
Human–animal marriage  is a marriage between a human and a non-human animal. This topic has appeared in mythology and magical fiction. In the 21st century, there have been numerous reports from around the world of humans marrying their pets and other animals. Human–animal marriage is often seen in accordance with zoophilia, although they are not necessarily linked. Although animal-human marriage is not mentioned specifically in national laws, the act of engaging in sexual acts with an animal is illegal in many countries under animal abuse laws.

Zoophilia
Zoophilia is a paraphilia in which a person experiences a sexual fixation on non-human animals. Bestiality instead refers to cross-species sexual activity between humans and non-human animals. Due to the lack of research on the subject, it is difficult to conclude how prevalent bestiality is. Zoophilia was estimated in one study to be prevalent in 2% of the population in 2021.
Kwitang
Kwitang is an administrative village (kelurahan) in the district (kecamatan) of Senen, Central Jakarta. It is one of the historic administrative village of Jakarta. The boundary of Kwitang is the Ciliwung to the west, Jalan Kramat Kwitang to the north, Jalan Kramat Raya to the east, and Jalan Kramat 4 to the south.

The administrative village was locally known as the location of the Kwitang book market, especially in the 1970s.

Senen
Senen is a long-established urban district (Indonesian: kecamatan) of Central Jakarta, Indonesia, that has kept many tourist attractions such as two museums, the National Library of Indonesia, Gelanggang Remaja Senen, and narrow alleys with old Chinese and similar style shops and restaurants. It was first developed in the 18th century as Pasar Senen when Governor Daendels established the bovenstad (the upper town) as the new center of government of the fledgling city (then known as Batavia). Its core remains in what is now the lower-division Senen District, Kwitang, Kenari, Paseban, Kramat, and Bungur. Senen is bounded by a railway line to the east, Ciliwung River to the west, Pramuka Street to the south, and Abdul Rahman Saleh-Kwini II-Senen Raya IV Street to the north. The name is derived from Pasar Senen, (lit. 'Monday market').
Tallinn Christmas Market
Tallinn Christmas Market (Estonian: Tallinna Jõuluturg) is a Christmas market held every year in Tallinn, Estonia. The modern market was founded in 2001 by Paul Oberschneider, and is open from Christmas Day until Epiphany. The latter also marks the end of the Christmas season according to the Gregorian calendar. The market brings tourists from all over the world to Tallinn.

This is traditionally held on the old Town Hall Square. Christmas cabins and stands sell handcrafts, hot wine and souvenirs to about 200,000 visitors every year.

In 2024 Estonian Public Broadcasting described the market as "tacky" with kitschy elements resembling a souvenir shop.

Raekoja plats, Tallinn
Raekoja plats (English: Town Hall Square) is a town square beside Tallinn Town Hall (Estonian: Raekoda) in the center of the Tallinn Old Town in Tallinn, Estonia.

It is a venue for numerous small festivals or concerts like Tallinn Old Town Days (Estonian: Tallinna Vanalinna Päevad), and several bars and restaurants are located in the near vicinity. The square also hosts a market regularly, with many stalls selling traditional Estonian items and souvenirs.

On the side of Town Hall, there is Raeapteek (Town Hall Pharmacy), which is one of the oldest continuously running pharmacies in Europe, having always been in business in the same house since the early 15th century.
Odon of Poznań
Odon of Poznań, also known as Odon of Greater Poland and Odon Mieszkowic, (Polish: Odon poznański, wielkopolski, Mieszkowic; 1149 – 20 April 1194), was Duke of Greater Poland in 1179 to 1181, and Duke of Kalisz from 1193 until his death. He was the eldest son of Mieszko III the Old, Duke of Greater Poland (and, from 1173, High Duke of Poland), by his first wife, Elisabeth, daughter of King Béla II of Hungary.

Duchy of Kalisz
The Duchy of Kalisz was a feudal district duchy in Greater Poland, with its territorial and administrative core in the Kalisz Land — the region surrounding the city of Kalisz. Its capital was Kalisz. The duchy was established in 1177, following the partition of the Duchy of Greater Poland after a rebellion against Mieszko III. Duke Casimir II the Just of the Piast dynasty became its first ruler.

Initially, Kalisz remained a fiefdom within the broader Duchy of Poland — a term commonly applied to the fragmented realm, which some sources continue to refer to as the Kingdom of Poland — until 1227, when Kalisz gained independence as a duchy. It existed in this form until 1279, when it was united with the duchies of Gniezno and Poznań under the rule of Przemysł II, forming a reconstituted Duchy of Greater Poland.
Georgia State Route 143
State Route 143 (SR 143) was a state highway in the northern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It traversed through Dade, Walker, Gordon, and Pickens counties and barely missed Whitfield County. SR 143 traversed along modern-day SR 136, SR 136 Connector (SR 136 Conn.), SR 53, Henderson Mountain Road, and SR 108. Major cities along the former route include Trenton, LaFayette, Calhoun, and Fairmount.

Walker County, Georgia
Walker County is a county in the northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, its population was 67,654, down from 68,756 in 2010. The county seat is LaFayette. The county was created on December 18, 1833, from land formerly belonging to the Cherokee Indian Nation. Walker County is part of the Chattanooga TN/GA metropolitan statistical area.
Symmetry breaking of escaping ants
Symmetry breaking of escaping ants is a herd behavior phenomenon observed when ants are constrained to a cell with two equidistant exits and then sprayed with an insect repellent. The ants tend to crowd one door more while trying to escape (i.e., there is a symmetry breaking in their escape behavior), thereby decreasing evacuation efficiency.

Herd behavior
Herd behavior is the behavior of individuals in a group acting collectively without centralized direction. Herd behavior occurs in animals in herds, packs, bird flocks, fish schools, and so on, as well as in humans. Voting, demonstrations, riots, general strikes, sporting events, religious gatherings, everyday decision-making, judgement, and opinion-forming, are all forms of human-based herd behavior.

Raafat, Chater and Frith proposed an integrated approach to herding, describing two key issues, the mechanisms of transmission of thoughts or behavior between individuals and the patterns of connections between them.  They suggested that bringing together diverse theoretical approaches of herding behavior illuminates the applicability of the concept to many domains, ranging from cognitive neuroscience to economics.
Asue Ighodalo
Asuerinme Ighodalo is a Nigerian lawyer and politician. He is from Okaigben, Ewohimi, Esan South East LGA, Edo State, Nigeria. He was a candidate in the 2024 Edo State governorship election. He is, alongside Femi Olubanwo, a founding partner of the law firm Banwo-and-Ighodalo, a corporate and commercial law practice in Nigeria, specializing in advising major corporations on Corporate Finance, Capital Markets, Energy & Natural Resources, Mergers & Acquisitions, Banking & Securitization and Project Finance. He was the chairman of Sterling Bank, a director at the Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA), and chairman of the Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG).

Sterling Bank (Nigeria)
Sterling Bank Ltd. is a full-service national commercial bank licensed by the Central Bank of Nigeria. On Reuters and Bloomberg terminals, it is identified as STERLNB.LG and STERLNBA:NL respectively. The Bank provides services to individuals, small businesses, and large corporations.

As of December 2022, the Bank's branch network numbered 140, distributed throughout Nigeria with total assets valued in excess of NGN 1.85 trillion).
The Walking Dead: World Beyond
The Walking Dead: World Beyond is an American post-apocalyptic horror drama television limited series created by Scott M. Gimple and Matthew Negrete that premiered on AMC on October 4, 2020. It is a spin-off series to The Walking Dead, which is based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard, and is the third television series within The Walking Dead franchise. The first season consisted of 10 episodes. The second and final season premiered on October 3, 2021, and also consists of 10 episodes with the final episode airing on December 5, 2021. Matthew Negrete, who previously wrote for The Walking Dead, is the showrunner for the series.

The series received mixed reviews, with critics praising the performances of the cast, but criticizing its pacing.

Scott M. Gimple
Scott Michael Gimple (born March 29, 1971) is an American writer for both comics and television. He is known for his work as a writer and producer for Fillmore!, Life, FlashForward, Chase, and The Walking Dead, and served as showrunner for The Walking Dead from seasons 4 through 8 and for the spin-off The Walking Dead: The Ones Who Live.
India at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
India was represented at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne by a 270-member strong contingent comprising 183 sportspersons and 77 officials. 2004 Summer Olympics silver medalist Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore was the flag bearer for India.

Samresh Jung was chosen as the winner of the inaugural David Dixon Award, which honours the outstanding athlete at each Commonwealth Games. Jung won seven medals at the 2006 Games, five gold, one silver and one bronze and set three new Games records along the way. As in the previous 2002 Commonwealth Games, India came fourth overall in the medals table, behind Australia, England and Canada.

Samaresh Jung
Samaresh Jung (born 19 May 1970) is an Indian sport shooter. He is an air pistol specialist. At the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, he won two gold medals, in the men's free pistol pairs and in the open event of 25 m standard pistol pairs, both in partnership with Jaspal Rana. He contested in the 10 m air pistol and 50 m pistol events at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, but failed to reach the finals in both events.

He received the Arjuna award in 2002. He is employed with the CISF and lives in New Delhi.

On 3 October 2010, he had the honour of bearing the Queen's Baton in its Opening Ceremony run in the stadium for the 2010 Commonwealth Games of Delhi.
Alexander N'Doumbou
Qian Jiegei Alisangte Endubu (Chinese: 钱杰给·阿里桑特·恩杜布; pinyin: Qián Jiégěi Ālǐsāngtè Ēndùbù; né Alexander N'Doumbou; born 4 January 1992) is a Gabonese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Chinese Super League club Zhejiang FC. He formerly represented the Gabon national football team before giving up his Gabonese citizenship to receive the Chinese passport in 2019.

Gabon national football team
The Gabon national football team (French: Équipe de football du Gabon)  represents Gabon in men's international football. The team's nickname is The Panthers and it is governed by the Gabonese Football Federation. They have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup, but have qualified nine times (as of 2025) for the Africa Cup of Nations. Gabon is a member of both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).
Destroyer Squadron 2
Destroyer Squadron 2 is a destroyer squadron of the United States Navy. It is administratively part of Commander, Naval Surface Force Atlantic. . Destroyer Squadron 2 is assigned to Carrier Strike Group Twelve.
As of 2023, the following destroyers are assigned to this squadron: USS Stout (DDG-55), USS McFaul (DDG-74), USS Oscar Austin (DDG-79), USS Bulkeley (DDG-84), USS Mason (DDG-87).

USS Bulkeley
USS Bulkeley (DDG-84) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight IIA) Aegis guided missile destroyer in the United States Navy. She is named for Medal of Honor recipient Vice Admiral John D. Bulkeley. USS Bulkeley was the 15th ship of this class to be built at Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi, and construction began on 10 May 1999. She was launched on 21 June 2000 and was christened on 24 June 2000. On 8 December 2001 she was commissioned during a pierside ceremony at the Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum in New York City, New York, with Commander Carlos Del Toro in command. Del Toro later became the 78th Secretary of the Navy in 2021.
Abbas Al-Asfoor
Abbas Fadhel Abdulla Ahmed Maki Al-Asfoor (born 3 March 1999), is a Bahraini professional football players who plays for the Bahraini national team.

He debuted with the U23 team on 15 August 2018, at the 2018 Asian Games held in Indonesia against South Korea in a 6–0 defeat.

On 3 June 2019, he appeared with the u-22 against Mexico at the World Festival World Toulon tournament in a 2–0 defeat.

Al-Asfoor appeared at the 2020 AFC U-23 Asian Cup in Thailand in a 5-0 match defeat to Thailand.

He made his senior debut on 23 May 2021 in a friendly match against Ukraine in a 1–1 draw.

He had recently last appeared at the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifying match against Hong Kong in a 4–0 victory on 15 June 2021.

On 21 November 2021, Abdulwahab was included final-23 squad for the 2021 FIFA Arab Cup.

Bahrain national under-23 football team
The Bahrain national under-23 football team (also known as Bahrain under-23 or Bahrain Olympics team) represents Bahrain in international football competitions, GCC U-23 Championship, Football at the Summer Olympics, as well as other under-23 international football tournaments.
Yodha Ela
Yoda Ela (Giant Canal) or Jaya Ganga, an 87 km (54 mi) long single banking water canal carrying excess water to Tissa Wewa reservoir from Kala Wewa reservoir in Anuradhapura. The Yodha Ela is known for achieving a rather low gradient for its time. The gradient is about 10 centimetres per kilometre or 6 inches per mile.

Tissa Wewa (Anuradhapura)
{About the artificial lake located near [Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka ] |The artificial lake located near [Anuradhapura]|Tissa Wewa (Anuradhapura)}

Tissa Wewa, an artificial reservoir, was built by Devanampiya Tissa (3rd century BC) in order to increase the water supply to his capital city of Anuradhapura. Only Panda Wewa (5th century BC) and Abhaya Wewa (5th-4th century BC) are older. The embankment of Tissa Wewa is 2 miles (3.2 km) long and 25 feet (7.6 m) high.

Among other uses, the reservoir supplied water to Tissa's Royal Gardens. In later centuries, Tissa Wewa and the other lakes were enlarged and integrated into a regional network of irrigation canals.
George Bandy (American football)
George Raymond Bandy (c. 1926 – July 23, 1983) was an American college athletics coach and administrator. He was the head football, baseball, and basketball coach for Northern Montana College—now known as Montana State University–Northern—in the mid-1950s.

Montana State University–Northern
Montana State University–Northern (MSU–Northern or Northern) is a public college in Havre, Montana, United States. It is part of the Montana University System and was "Northern Montana College" prior to the restructuring of Montana's public university system in 1994.
Ikoinohiroba Station
Ikoinohiroba Station (いこいの広場駅, Ikoinohiroba-eki) is a train station on the Tenryū Hamanako Line in Kakegawa, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) by rail from the terminus of the line at Kakegawa Station.

Tenryū Hamanako Line
The Tenryū Hamanako Line (天竜浜名湖線, Tenryū Hamanako-sen), or  Tenhama Line (天浜線, Tenhama-sen) for short, is a Japanese railway line in Shizuoka Prefecture, paralleling the north coast of Lake Hamana between Kakegawa Station in Kakegawa and Shinjohara Station in Kosai. This is the only railway line of Tenryū Hamanako Railroad (天竜浜名湖鉄道, Tenryū Hamanako Tetsudō).
Italian seaplane carrier Europa
Europa was a seaplane carrier of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy). Originally laid down as the merchant ship Manila, she was renamed Salacia in 1898, and then sold to German and then Italian shipping companies in 1911 and 1913, respectively. She became Quarto in 1913, and in February 1915 she was purchased by the Italian fleet, renamed Europa, and converted into a seaplane carrier with a capacity of eight seaplanes. She served as a seaplane base in Valona during World War I and supported the Allied response during the Battle of the Strait of Otranto in 1917. She was quickly sold for scrap in 1920 after the war ended.

Seaplane tender
A seaplane tender is a boat or ship that supports the operation of seaplanes. Some of these vessels, known as seaplane carriers, could not only carry seaplanes but also provided all the facilities needed for their operation; these ships are regarded by some as the first aircraft carriers and appeared just before the First World War.