hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cattle rubbing stone
A cattle rubbing stone (or clawin post in Scots) is a stone allowing cattle to rub their skin without causing damage to field infrastructure such as fences and posts, or natural features such as trees. They were once a common sight in pastures in Britain, but many have since been removed to accommodate the needs of modern farming practices. Cattle are depicted on Pictish stones such as the Fowlis Wester stone; however, the requirement for rubbing stones mainly relates to the enclosure of fields in the late 18th century that held cattle within a confined area.

A claw-scrunt in Scots is a tree or tree stump used by cattle to rub themselves against.

Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging geographically from Sweden in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), meaning "great", and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone". Most extant megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period (although earlier Mesolithic examples are known) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age.
The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya
The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya (Russian: Сказание о невидимом граде Китеже и деве Февронии, romanized: Skazániye o nevídimom gráde Kítezhe i déve Fevrónii listenⓘ) is an opera in four acts by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. The libretto was written by Vladimir Belsky, and is based on a combination of two Russian legends: those of Saint Fevroniya of Murom and of the city of Kitezh, which became invisible when attacked by the Tatars. The opera was completed in 1905, and the premiere performance took place at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, on February 7, 1907, the last in Rimsky-Korsakov's lifetime.

Mariinsky Theatre
The Mariinsky Theatre (Russian: Мариинский театр, romanized: Mariinskiy teatr, also transcribed as Maryinsky or Mariyinsky) is a historic opera house in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Opened in 1860, it became the preeminent music theatre of late 19th-century Russia, where many of the stage masterpieces of Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov received their premieres. Through most of the Soviet era, it was known as the Kirov Theatre.  Today, the Mariinsky Theatre is home to the Mariinsky Ballet, Mariinsky Opera and Mariinsky Orchestra. Since Yuri Temirkanov's retirement in 1988, the conductor Valery Gergiev has served as the theatre's general director.
Helsingborg
Helsingborg (/ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːrɡ/, US also /-bɔːr(jə), -bɔːri, ˌhɛlsɪŋˈbɔːri/; Swedish: [hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj] ⓘ) is a city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania (Skåne), Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö) and ninth-largest in Sweden, with a population of 151,404 (2024). Helsingborg is the central urban area of northwestern Scania and Sweden's closest point to Denmark: the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km (2.5 mi) to the west on the other side of the Øresund.

Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Justified: City Primeval
Justified: City Primeval is an American neo-Western crime drama television miniseries developed by showrunners Dave Andron and Michael Dinner. The series continues the story from Justified taking inspiration from the Elmore Leonard novel City Primeval: High Noon in Detroit and short story "Fire in the Hole". Timothy Olyphant returns to star as Deputy U.S. Marshal Raylan Givens, with Paul Calderón also reprising his role as Detective Raymond Cruz from the 1998 crime comedy film Out of Sight, a film adaptation of Leonard's 1996 novel of the same name. A world premiere was held on June 1, 2023, at the 12th ATX Television Festival, and the series premiered on FX on July 18, 2023, with back-to-back episodes. It received generally positive reviews from critics.

Raylan Givens
Raylan Givens is a fictional character created by American novelist and screenwriter Elmore Leonard.

Givens is a Deputy U.S. Marshal and initially appeared in the novels Pronto and Riding the Rap. (Pronto was adapted as a TV movie in 1997 with James LeGros as Givens.) Leonard later penned the short story "Fire in the Hole", which became the basis for the television series Justified starring Timothy Olyphant. In April 2011, Leonard revealed in an interview that the success of Justified had inspired him to begin work on a new novel about the character. The novel, titled Raylan, came out in 2012, and was Leonard's last work to be published before his death.
Leporicypraea mappa
Leporicypraea mappa (previously known as Cypraea mappa), common name the map cowry, is a species of large sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.

This is considered an economically important species in the Indo-West Pacific, where it is usually collected both for food and for shell trading.

The map cowry was named on the basis of its distinct color pattern, because of the longitudinal lines and the easily distinguishable and sinuous mantle groove, which creates a resemblance to ancient maps.

Cypraeidae
Cypraeidae, commonly named the cowries (sg. cowry or cowrie), is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.
Wittlich
Wittlich (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪtlɪç] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Wittlech) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany, the seat of the Bernkastel-Wittlich district. Its historic town centre and the beauty of the surrounding countryside make the town a centre for tourism in southwest Germany.

Wittlich is the middle centre for a feeder area of 56 municipalities in the Eifel and Moselle area with a population of roughly 64,000. With some 18,000 inhabitants, Wittlich is the biggest town between Trier and Koblenz and the fourth biggest between Mainz and the Belgian border.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Indonesia and weapons of mass destruction
Indonesia currently does not possess any weapons of mass destruction (WMD) such as nuclear weapons nor does it have the capability to develop them. However, the country has natural resources suitable for nuclear energy production, such as uranium and thorium. During the 1960s, it was known that Indonesia attempted to develop nuclear weapons either independently or by cooperation with a nuclear states such as China and the Soviet Union. No official program was ever established, but research and production efforts were claimed to be underway. The ambition was ultimately abolished by the New Order government.

Indonesia is currently a strong advocate for nuclear disarmament and the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The country has signed and ratified numerous non-proliferation treaties and conventions—nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons—starting in 1970 until its most recent in 2017.

Atoms for Peace
"Atoms for Peace" was the title of a speech delivered by U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower to the UN General Assembly in New York City on December 8, 1953.

I feel impelled to speak today in a language that in a sense is new—one which I, who have spent so much of my life in the military profession, would have preferred never to use.

That new language is the language of atomic warfare.

The United States then launched an "Atoms for Peace" program that supplied equipment and information to schools, hospitals, and research institutions within the U.S. and throughout the world. The first nuclear reactors in Israel and Pakistan were built under the program by American Machine and Foundry, a company more commonly known as a major manufacturer of bowling equipment.
ITV Nightscreen
ITV Nightscreen is a scheduled programme on the ITV television network that was broadcast from 1998 to 2021. It consisted of a sequence of animated pages of information about ITV's upcoming programmes, features and special events, with easy listening music in the background. The programme was used to fill the station's overnight downtime, where a closedown would have once been used at the end of programmes. The programme was generally shown every night. However, on ITV's additional channels which only began broadcasting in the digital era, the amount of Teleshopping affected how much Nightscreen was broadcast.

ITV News at 5:30
ITV News at 5:30 was an early morning news bulletin which was broadcast on the British television network ITV from 15 February 1988 until 21 December 2012. It was produced by ITN.

The 30-minute programme covered British national and international news stories, a brief business update, a look at the morning's newspapers and regular NBC News segments and was broadcast at 5:30 am every day. In the event of a major news story, they occasionally went live to the scene or crossed to the newsroom.
Oxyfedrine
Oxyfedrine, sold under the brand names Ildamen and Myofedrin among others, is a sympathomimetic agent and coronary vasodilator which is used in the treatment of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, and acute myocardial infarction. It is taken by mouth or intravenously.

The drug acts as a β-adrenergic receptor partial agonist. It may also act as a norepinephrine releasing agent via its major active metabolite norephedrine. Oxyfedrine is a phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative.

Oxyfedrine has been marketed in Europe, Hong Kong, India, Central America, and elsewhere. It appears to remain marketed only in India.

Norepinephrine releasing agent
A norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA), also known as an adrenergic releasing agent, is a catecholaminergic type of drug that induces the release of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) from the pre-synaptic neuron into the synapse. This in turn leads to increased extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine therefore an increase in adrenergic neurotransmission.

A closely related type of drug is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI), for instance reboxetine. Another class of drugs that stimulates adrenergic activity is the adrenergic receptor agonist class.
Rafael Ramos (footballer)
Rafael António Figueiredo Ramos (born 9 January 1995) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Brazilian club Ceará.

Formed at Sporting and Benfica, he spent his early professional career in the United States with Orlando City and Chicago Fire in Major League Soccer. After winning the Dutch Eerste Divisie with Twente in 2019, he spent three years in the Primeira Liga with Santa Clara before joining Ceará SC

2018–19 Eerste Divisie
The 2018–19 Eerste Divisie, known as Keuken Kampioen Divisie for sponsorship reasons, was the sixty-third season of Eerste Divisie since its establishment in 1955. It began in August 2018 and ended in May 2019 with the returns of the finals of the promotion/relegation play-offs, involving also the 16th- and 17th-placed teams from the 2018–19 Eredivisie.
Amanita exitialis
Amanita exitialis, also known as the Guangzhou destroying angel, is a mushroom of the large genus Amanita. It is distributed in eastern Asia, and probably also in India where it has been misidentified as A. verna. Deadly poisonous, it is a member of section Phalloideae and related to the death cap A. phalloides. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) are white, small to medium-sized with caps up to 7 cm (2.8 in) in diameter, a somewhat friable ring and a firm volva. Unlike most agaric mushrooms which typically have four-spored basidia (spore-bearing cells), the basidia of A. exitialis are almost entirely two-spored. Eight people were fatally poisoned in China after consuming the mushroom in 2000, and another 20 have been fatally poisoned since that incident. Molecular analysis shows that the species has a close phylogenetic relationship with three other toxic white Amanitas: A. subjunquillea var. alba, A. virosa and A. bisporigera.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Master of the Burgundian Prelates
The Master of the Burgundian Prelates was an anonymous master illuminator active in Burgundy between 1470 and 1490. He owes his name to several works commissioned from him by Burgundian bishops and abbots.

Notname
In art history, a Notname (German: [ˈnoːtˌnaːmə] ⓘ, "name of necessity" or "contingency name") is an invented name given to an artist whose identity has been lost. The practice arose from the need to give such artists and their typically untitled or generically titled works an acceptable if unsatisfactory grouping to avoid confusion when cataloging.

The phrases provisional name, name of convenience, and emergency names are sometimes used to describe anonymous masters. Nonce name was at one time used.
Kenny Williams (wrestler)
Alan Niddrie (born 13 June 1993) better known by his ring name Kenny Williams, is a Scottish professional wrestler, currently competing on the Scottish independent circuit. He is most well known for his time in WWE where he competed on the NXT UK brand.

Williams is also active in multiple promotions across the United Kingdom and Europe, such as Progress Wrestling, Premier British Wrestling, Preston City Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Elite, British Championship Wrestling, IPW:UK, Scottish Wrestling Alliance, and competed in Defiant Wrestling in the Pro Wrestling World Cup, representing Scotland, but is best known for his work in Insane Championship Wrestling, where he is a four-time ICW Zero-G Champion and he is a Winner Square Go! (2024) he is the  former longest reign one-time ICW World Heavyweight Champion.

Insane Championship Wrestling
Insane Championship Wrestling (ICW) is a professional wrestling promotion based in Glasgow, Scotland, founded by Mark Dallas in 2006. It mixes elements of traditional sports entertainment with hardcore wrestling; thus admittance is restricted to those under 18 years old.

The company began expanding across the UK, and was featured in a Vice Magazine documentary in 2012 and BBC documentary in 2014. It was named UK Promotion of the Year by Fighting Spirit Magazine in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2018.

ICW formerly aired on cable television station MyChannel across Europe. ICW records and releases the majority of their shows on limited edition DVD as well as producing series of their own YouTube show, ICW Worldwide. In 2015, ICW launched their On Demand service (ICW On Demand), which has become the company's primary source of distribution of content.

On August 13, 2020, it was announced that ICW content would be available on WWE's video on-demand service, WWE Network.
Florian Klugmann
Florian Klugmann (born 9 September 1970) is a German former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He was an unused substitute in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final in 1992 which his team Werder Bremen won, but never made a professional appearance.

1992 European Cup Winners' Cup final
The 1992 European Cup Winners' Cup Final was a football match contested between Werder Bremen of Germany (who qualified for the tournament through the West German berth) and Monaco of France. It was the final match of the 1991–92 European Cup Winners' Cup and the 32nd European Cup Winners' Cup final. The final was held at Estádio da Luz in Lisbon. The attendance of 16,000 in a stadium which, at the time, had a capacity of around 130,000 meant that this was one of the most sparsely attended UEFA finals of all time, both in actual and relative terms. Bremen won the match 2–0 thanks to goals of Klaus Allofs and Wynton Rufer.
Kate Campbell Hurd-Mead
Kate Campbell Hurd-Mead (April 6, 1867 – January 1, 1941) was a pioneering feminist and obstetrician who promoted the role of women in medicine. She wrote A History of Women in Medicine: From the Earliest of Times to the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century in 1938. She was born in Danville, Quebec, Canada, and died in Haddam, Connecticut, United States.

Women in medicine
The presence of women in medicine, particularly in the practicing fields of surgery and as physicians, has been traced to the earliest of history. Women have historically had lower participation levels in medical fields compared to men with occupancy rates varying by race, socioeconomic status, and geography.

Women's informal practice of medicine in roles such as caregivers, or as allied health professionals, has been widespread. Since the start of the 20th century, most countries of the world provide women with access to medical education. Not all countries ensure equal employment opportunities, and gender equality has yet to be achieved within medical specialties and around the world.
Bita Elahian
Bita Elahian (Alahyan) (Persian: بیتا الهیان), is an Iranian-American filmmaker and actress who lives in Los Angeles, California. She studied filmmaking at the New York Film Academy (NYFA). Elahian has received various awards for her directing in drama films. She is a member of Women in Film LA and New York Women in Film & Television.

New York Film Academy
New York Film Academy – School of Film and Acting (NYFA) is a private for-profit film school and acting school based in New York City, Los Angeles, and Miami. The New York Film Academy was founded in 1992 by Jerry Sherlock, a former film, television and theater producer. It was originally located at the Tribeca Film Center. In 1994, NYFA moved to 100 East 17th Street, the former Tammany Hall building in the Union Square. After 23 years of occupancy, the academy relocated from Tammany Hall to 17 Battery Place.

As of 2012, the school had 400+ employees and over 5,000 students per year (many of them from outside the United States). NYFA offers master, bachelor, and associate degrees, as well as one- and two-year conservatory programs, short-term workshops, and youth programs and summer camps.
Steve Pearce (baseball)
Steven Wayne Pearce (born April 13, 1983) is an American  former professional baseball left fielder and first baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, Houston Astros, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Rays, Toronto Blue Jays and Boston Red Sox. Pearce is only the second player in MLB history to have played for every team in the American League East, the first being Kelly Johnson. He is also the first and only player to have hit two walk-off grand slams in the span of a single week.

Pearce was instrumental in Boston's 2018 World Series triumph over the Los Angeles Dodgers, displaying key outbursts of power en route to being named the World Series Most Valuable Player.

Left fielder
In baseball, a left fielder, abbreviated LF, is an outfielder who plays defense in left field. Left field is the area of the outfield to the left of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the left fielder is assigned the number seven.
Drew Pember
Donald Andrew Pember (born June 14, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for the Hsinchu Toplus Lioneers of the Taiwan Professional Basketball League (TPBL). He played college basketball for the UNC Asheville Bulldogs and the Tennessee Volunteers.

UNC Asheville Bulldogs men's basketball
The UNC Asheville Bulldogs men's basketball team is the men's basketball team that represents the University of North Carolina at Asheville in Asheville, North Carolina, United States. Their current head coach is Mike Morrell. The school's team currently competes in the Big South Conference. The Bulldogs have appeared five times in the NCAA tournament, most recently in 2023.
Richard Lee (Canadian politician)
Richard T. Lee (simplified Chinese: 李灿明; traditional Chinese: 李燦明; born 1954) is a Canadian politician. A city councillor in Burnaby, British Columbia since 2022, he previously represented the electoral district of Burnaby North in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 2001 to 2017, as part of the BC Liberal caucus.

Burnaby City Council
The Burnaby City Council is the governing body for the City of Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.

The council consists of the mayor and eight elected city councillors representing the city as a whole. Municipal elections also select seven school trustees.

Municipal elections are held every four years across the Province on the third Saturday of October or the third Saturday of November.
Klaas Kuiper
Klaas Kuiper (June 15, 1841 – March 8, 1921) was a Dutch-American minister.

He was born in Dwingeloo, Netherlands. He studied at the Theological School in Kampen and became a minister of the Christian Reformed Church, serving in Oud Loosdrecht, Ferwerd, and Garrelsweer. In 1891 he emigrated to the United States, and served as minister in Christian Reformed congregations in Grand Haven, Chicago, and Holland, Michigan.

Kuiper was staunchly orthodox. He served as President of the CRC Synod in 1894 and worked hard in the field of Christian parent-controlled schools, serving as founding president of the Society for Christian Instruction on Reformed Principles. A colleague described him as "the father of Christian education."

He was the father of Barend Klaas Kuiper and Rienk Bouke Kuiper.

Christian Reformed Church in North America
The Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRCNA or CRC) is a Protestant Calvinist Christian denomination in the United States and Canada. Having roots in the Dutch Reformed Church of the Netherlands, the Christian Reformed Church was founded by Dutch immigrants in 1857 and is theologically Calvinist.