hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Real Audiencia of Guatemala
The Real Audiencia of Santiago de Guatemala (Spanish: Audiencia y Cancillería Real de Santiago de Guatemala), simply known as the Audiencia of Guatemala or the Audiencia of Los Confines, was a Real Audiencia (appellate court) in the Imperial Spanish territory in Central America known as the Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609-1821). The Audiencia's presiding officer, the president, was the head of the government of the area. The Audiencia was initially created by decrees of November 20, 1542 and September 13, 1543, and had its seat in Antigua Guatemala.

Antigua Guatemala
Antigua Guatemala (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtiɣwa ɣwateˈmala]), commonly known as Antigua or La Antigua, is a city in the central highlands of Guatemala. The city was the capital of the Captaincy General of Guatemala from 1543 through 1773, with much of its Baroque-influenced architecture and layout dating from that period. Antigua Guatemala serves as the capital of the homonymous municipality and the Sacatepéquez Department.

Because of its outstanding Spanish Baroque-influenced architecture, layout, churches, and ruins, and the city's importance during the early colonial period of the country, Antigua Guatemala was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
Principal city
In the United States, a principal city is the largest incorporated place with a population of at least 10,000 in a core-based statistical area (CBSA) or New England city and town area (NECTA), or if no incorporated place of least 10,000 population is present in the CBSA or NECTA, the largest incorporated place or census designated place (CDP) in the CBSA or NECTA. Additional places that meet specific criteria are also identified as principal cities. The title of each metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area consists of the names of up to three of its principal cities and the name of each state into which the metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area extends.

In the United States and Puerto Rico, the Office of Management and Budget identifies principal cities for each core-based statistical area (CBSA) and New England city and town area (NECTA). Principal cities are used primarily for naming CBSAs and NECTAs, and combined statistical areas and combined NECTAs.

Core-based statistical area
A core-based statistical area (CBSA) is a U.S. geographic area defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). It contains a large population nucleus, or urban area, and adjacent communities that have a high degree of integration with that nucleus.

On July 15, 2015, the OMB released new standards based on the 2010 census. These standards are used to replace the definitions of metropolitan areas from the 2010 United States census data.
Nestlé Purina PetCare
Nestlé Purina PetCare Company (/pjʊˈriːnə/), or simply Purina, is an American subsidiary of the Swiss corporation Nestlé, based in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1893 by William H. Danforth, it produces and markets pet food, treats, and cat and dog litter. Some of its pet food brands include Purina Pro Plan, Purina Dog Chow, Friskies, Beneful and Purina ONE. The company was formed in 2001 by combining Nestlé's Friskies PetCare Company with Ralston Purina, which acquired it for $10.3 billion. As of 2012, it is the second-largest pet food company globally (the first being Mars Petcare) and the largest in the United States.

Mars Inc.
Mars, Incorporated (doing business as Mars Inc.) is an American multinational manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products and a provider of animal care services founded on June 23, 1911. Mars is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in the Washington metropolitan area, and is entirely owned by the Mars family. The company had US$45 billion in annual sales in 2022; that year Forbes ranked the company as the fourth-largest privately held company in the United States.

Mars operates in four subsidiaries around the world: Snacking (headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with U.S. headquarters in Hackettstown and Newark, New Jersey), Petcare (Zaventem, Belgium; Poncitlán, Jalisco, Mexico; Querétaro, Mexico), Food (Rancho Dominguez, California) and Mars Edge (Germantown, Maryland), the company's life sciences division.
Carlos Edwards
Akenhaton Carlos Edwards (born 24 October 1978) is a Trinidadian football player and coach who plays as a winger or right-back for Eastern Counties League Premier Division club Lakenheath.

He started his footballing career in Trinidad and Tobago before moving to Wrexham in 2000 for whom he made over 150 appearances. He went on to play for Luton Town, Sunderland, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Ipswich Town and Millwall.

Edwards also made over 90 appearances for the Trinidad and Tobago national football team, scoring four goals. As a member of the squad that competed at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, he was awarded the Chaconia Medal (Gold Class), the second highest state decoration of Trinidad and Tobago.

Chaconia Medal
The Chaconia Medal (abbreviated C.M. or CM) is the second highest state decoration of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Established in 1969, the medal honours long and meritorious service to promote national welfare or community spirit. It is awarded in three classes: gold, silver and bronze. The medal may only be awarded to ten individuals annually.
French angelfish
Pomacanthus paru, also known by its common name the French angelfish, is a slow growing coral reef fish from the Caribbean. The species is of the family Pomacanthidae, which contains other species of marine angelfish. Its closest relative is the grey angelfish (P. arcuatus).

Gray angelfish
The gray angelfish (Pomacanthus arcuatus), also written as grey angelfish and known in Jamaica as the pot cover, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the marine angelfish family, Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.
History of St Albans
St Albans is a town located in Hertfordshire, England. It was originally founded as Verlamion a settlement belonging to the Catuvellauni (a Celtic tribe or state of southeastern Britain before the Roman conquest, attested by inscriptions into the 4th century). It was subsequently transformed into the Roman settlement of Verulamium from where it grew into a municipium around AD 50.

After the Anglo-Saxon settlement it was known as Verlamacaestir.
It later became known as St Albans because of its association with Saint Alban.

Saint Alban
Saint Alban (/ˈɔːlbən, ˈæl-/; Latin: Albanus) is venerated as the first-recorded British Christian martyr, for which reason he is considered to be the protomartyr of Britain. Along with fellow Saints Julius and Aaron, Alban is one of three named martyrs recorded at an early date from Roman Britain (Amphibalus was the name given much later to the priest he was said to have been protecting). He is traditionally believed to have been beheaded in Verulamium (modern-day St Albans) sometime during the 3rd or 4th century, and has been celebrated there since ancient times.
Celebrity Come Dine With Me Australia
Celebrity Come Dine With Me Australia is a celebrity version of the Australian television reality cooking series based on the Come Dine with Me format which premiered on 11 December 2012 on The LifeStyle Channel in Australia, as a spin-off to Come Dine with Me Australia. It is narrated by James Valentine.

Come Dine with Me Australia
Come Dine with Me Australia is an Australian reality television series based on the format of the UK show, Come Dine with Me. The show premiered on 18 January 2010 on The Lifestyle Channel. The show is narrated by Aimee Reid and James Valentine.
Great Salt Lake Desert
The Great Salt Lake Desert (colloquially referred to as the West Desert) is a large dry lake in northern Utah, United States, between the Great Salt Lake and the Nevada border. It is a subregion of the larger Great Basin Desert, and noted for white evaporite Lake Bonneville salt deposits including the Bonneville Salt Flats.

Bonneville Salt Flats
The Bonneville Salt Flats are a densely packed salt pan in Tooele County in northwestern Utah, United States. A remnant of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, it is the largest of many salt flats west of the Great Salt Lake. It is public land managed by the Bureau of Land Management and is known for land speed records at the Bonneville Speedway. The Flats are open to the public.

The Flats are about 12 miles (19 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, with a crust almost 5 ft (1.5m) thick at the center and less than one inch (2.5 cm) towards the edges. It is estimated to hold 147 million tons of salt, about 90% of which is common table salt.
Kingdom of Rust
Kingdom of Rust is the fourth studio album from British indie rock band Doves. The album was released on 6 April 2009 in the UK via Heavenly Recordings. Kingdom of Rust was met with generally positive critical acclaim, and entered the UK Albums Chart at number 2. Two singles were released from the album: the title track, released a week prior to the album in March 2009, which charted at number 28 on the UK Singles Chart; and "Winter Hill", released in July 2009, which became the band's first single not to chart in the top 100.

The album was born from a tumultuous time in Doves' history, and followed a four-year gap between their last album Some Cities in 2005, at the time the longest period between albums from the band. Doves would tour to promote the album throughout 2009, culminating in a recording hiatus in 2010 which would subsequently last until 2020.

Some Cities
Some Cities is the third studio album by the British indie rock band Doves. The album was released by Heavenly Recordings on 21 February 2005, and became the band's second consecutive album to top the UK Albums Chart at number 1. Some Cities was conceived as a rawer, stripped-down record, and conceptually touches upon the physical changes of the band's hometown of Manchester, as well as emotional transformations.

The album features the band's second-highest charting single, "Black and White Town", which peaked at number 6 on the UK Singles Chart. Two further singles from the album—"Snowden" and "Sky Starts Falling"—also fared moderately well on the chart, peaking at number 17 and 45, respectively.
Bernstein–Sato polynomial
In mathematics, the Bernstein–Sato polynomial is a polynomial related to differential operators, introduced independently by Joseph Bernstein (1971) and Mikio Sato and Takuro Shintani (1972, 1974), Sato (1990). It is also known as the b-function, the b-polynomial, and the Bernstein polynomial, though it is not related to the Bernstein polynomials used in approximation theory. It has applications to singularity theory, monodromy theory, and quantum field theory.

Severino Coutinho (1995) gives an elementary introduction, while Armand Borel (1987) and Masaki Kashiwara (2003) give more advanced accounts.

Differential operator
In mathematics, a differential operator is an operator defined as a function of the differentiation operator. It is helpful, as a matter of notation first, to consider differentiation as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function (in the style of a higher-order function in computer science).

This article considers mainly linear differential operators, which are the most common type. However, non-linear differential operators also exist, such as the Schwarzian derivative.
Teesside Park
Teesside Park is a retail and leisure park in Thornaby-on-Tees, built in 1988. Located just off the A66 near the A66/A19 interchange, it is split between the unitary authorities of Stockton-on-Tees (retail park) and Middlesbrough (leisure park) with the line of the Old River Tees, which runs down the middle of the development, forming the boundary between the two authorities. The development has a central building that was constructed in 2008.

Thornaby-on-Tees
Thornaby-on-Tees, commonly referred to as Thornaby, is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, 41 miles (66 km) north of York and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Middlesbrough. On the south bank of the River Tees, Thornaby falls within the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees and the Tees Valley area. The parish had a population of 24,741 at the 2011 census.

The town was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1892, during the Victorian era. The borough was abolished in 1968 on the creation of the County Borough of Teesside. A civil parish called Thornaby was re-created in 1996.

The modern centre was built on the north eastern part of Thornaby airfield and lies 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of Stockton-on-Tees and 4 miles (6.4 km) south-west of Middlesbrough.
1999 Ansett Australia Cup
The 1999 AFL Ansett Australia Cup was the Australian Football League Pre-season Cup competition played in its entirety before the Australian Football League's 1999 Premiership Season began. It culminated the final in March 1999.

1999 AFL season
The 1999 AFL season was the 103rd season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Australia, which was known as the Victorian Football League until 1989. The season featured sixteen clubs, ran from 25 March until 25 September, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top eight clubs.

The premiership was won by the Kangaroos (North Melbourne) for the fourth time, after it defeated Carlton by 35 points in the 1999 AFL Grand Final.
James Perry (luthier)
James Perry (Irish: Séamus de Poire; c. 1759–1810) was an Irish luthier from Dublin, known for making violins, violas and cellos. His workshop was based in Kilkenny and also produced instruments such as guitars, German flutes, fifes and tenors. Perry is credited with having made over 1000 instruments. He was a brother and apprentice to Dublin luthier, Thomas Perry, and a protégé of the Ormonde family of Kilkenny Castle.

Thomas Perry (luthier)
Thomas Perry (Irish: Tomás de Poire; c. 1738 – November 1818) was an Irish luthier who introduced a type of bowed psaltery known as the cither viol or sultana. He is regarded as one of Ireland's most influential violin makers and is often referred to as 'The Irish Stradivari'. Perry's output was quite prolific and his shop has been credited with making over 4,000 instruments. His violins are usually numbered on the button and inscribed just below the button "PERRY DUBLIN".
Murid Kazim
Syed Murid Kazim Shah (25 May 1949 – 3 February 2021) was a Pakistani politician who held key ministerial and parliamentary positions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly NWFP). He served as Minister for Revenue and Excise from 1993 to 1997 in the government of Aftab Ahmad Khan Sherpao and later as Parliamentary Leader from 2002 to 2008 under the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) administration. From 2008 to 2010, he was Minister for Revenue in the Awami National Party (ANP) government.

Aftab Ahmad Khan Sherpao
Aftab Ahmad Khan Sherpao (Urdu: آفتاب احمد خان شیرپاو; born 20 August 1944) is a Pakistani politician who is the current chairman of the centre-left Pashtun nationalist Qaumi Watan Party, after previously being a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from November 2002 to May 2018.

Sherpao previously served as the Federal Interior Minister of Pakistan. He had earlier been the Federal Minister for Water and Power, Minister for Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas and States & Frontier Regions and Minister for Interprovincial Coordination. Sherpao has also served as the 14th and 18th Chief Minister of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province
Gavin Cracck
Edamwen Gavin Ikponmwosa (born 3 June 1993), known professionally as Gavin Cracck, is  a Nigerian rapper, singer-songwriter and producer. He is known for collaborating with Nigerian rapper Vector on his debut project titled  Push the Limits which was released on May 30, 2020.

Vector (rapper)
Olanrewaju Ogunmefun, better known by his stage name Vector, is a Nigerian rapper, singer and songwriter. He has released three studio albums, including State of Surprise and The Second Coming (2012). In anticipation of his second studio album, he released a mixtape titled Bar Racks. Lafíaji, his third studio album was released in December 2016. He also released a mixtape in October 2018, The Rap Dialogue, in an effort to keep the spirit of Nigerian hip-hop alive. In November 2019, his fourth studio album, Vibes Before Teslim: A Journey to Self-Discovery, was released.

He is the voice behind a Sprite commercial that aired on radio stations across Nigeria since 2009. He also had "the longest freestyle rap in Nigeria".

In November 2019, he signed a joint venture with Starstruck Management Inc and Create Music Group to release his 4th studio project Extended play titled "Vibes Before Teslim: A Journey To Self-Discovery".
Manila paper
Manila paper (Spanish: 'Papel de Manila') is a relatively inexpensive type of paper, generally made through a less-refined process than other types of paper, and is typically made from semi-bleached wood fibers.

The manila component of the name originates from manila hemp (a.k.a. abacá leaves), which was named after Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Beginning in the 1840s, recycled abacá rope fibers were the main material for manila paper.

Before the end of the 20th century, papermakers replaced the abacá fibers with wood pulp, which cost less to source and process. Despite the change in production material, "the name and color remain."

Since at least 1915, manila paper has been shaped to create manila file folders and manila envelopes.

Paper
Paper is a thin sheet of matted cellulose fibers. Largely derived from lignocellulose, paper is created from a pulp dissolved into a slurry that is drained and dried into sheets. Different types of paper are defined by constituent fiber, paper pulp, sizing, coating, paper size, paper density and grammage.

The papermaking process developed in East Asia at least as early as 105 CE by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although archaeological evidence exists of 2nd century BCE paper-like material in China. Before the industrialization of paper production, the most common paper was rag paper, made from discarded natural fiber textiles collected by ragpickers. The 1843 invention of wood pulp, coupled with the Second Industrial Revolution, made pulpwood paper the dominant variety to this day.
Natalie de Bogory
Natalie de Bogory (also known as Natalie Debogory or Natalie DeBogory-Mokriyevich) (1887–1939) is primarily known for her work in translating from the Russian language into the English language, and subsequently distributing and participating in having published the first or second American edition in the United States of the document known as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. There were two different editions printed in the United States in 1920. The earlier, entitled The Protocols and World Revolution, associated with Boris Brasol and published by Small, Maynard and Company. The later, entitled Praemonitus Praemunitus associated with Harris A. Houghton and published by the Beckwith Company.

Boris Brasol
Boris Leo Brasol, born Boris Lvovich Brazol (Russian: Борис Львович Бразоль; Ukrainian: Борис Львович Бразоль; March 31, 1885 - March 19, 1963), was a Russian lawyer and literary critic. After the October Revolution he settled in the United States.
Texas's 30th congressional district
Texas's 30th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives covers much of the city of Dallas and other parts of Dallas and Tarrant counties (primarily black- and Hispanic-majority areas). The district contains the University of North Texas at Dallas, UNT Law, and Texas Woman's University at Dallas. The 30th district is also home to Dallas Love Field airport and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.

The current Representative from the 30th district is Democrat Jasmine Crockett, who has represented the district since 2023. She succeeded longtime representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, who had served since 1993.

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+25, it is one of the most Democratic districts in Texas.

Dallas County, Texas
Dallas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,613,539, and was estimated to be 2,656,028 in 2024, making it the second-most populous county in Texas and the eighth-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Dallas, the third-most populous city in Texas and the ninth-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded on March 30, 1846 and was possibly named for George Mifflin Dallas, the 11th Vice President of the United States under U.S. President James K. Polk. Dallas County is included in the eleven-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan statistical area, which is the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.

Municipal expansion within Dallas County has blurred the geographic lines between cities and between neighboring counties.
Woody McCorvey
Woodrow McCorvey is a long-time American football coach and administrator who currently serves as the chief of staff for the football team at Clemson University. He has spent more than four decades in college football, including two stints at Clemson in various capacities and coaching roles at four Southeastern Conference programs during his career. McCorvey coached at the Division I level for 26 years, earning bowl berths in 17 of those seasons, and coached or signed 36 players who went on to professional football careers as well. He worked for three coaches in the College Football Hall of Fame, including holding significant roles under Danny Ford, Gene Stallings and Phil Fulmer, and worked for four national championship coaches in Ford, Fulmer, Stallings and Dabo Swinney.

Dabo Swinney
William Christopher "Dabo" Swinney (/ˈdæboʊ ˈswiːniː/; born November 20, 1969) is an American college football coach, currently serving as the head football coach at Clemson University. Swinney took over as head coach of the Clemson Tigers seven games into the 2008 season, following the resignation of Tommy Bowden. Swinney's team won national championships in 2016 and 2018. His 2018 Clemson Tigers have often been considered one of the greatest college football teams of all time. He is the winningest head coach in Clemson football history and Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) football history.
Cornell potential
In particle physics, the Cornell potential is an effective method to account for the confinement of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It was developed by  Estia J. Eichten, Kurt Gottfried,  Toichiro Kinoshita, John Kogut, Kenneth Lane and Tung-Mow Yan at Cornell University in the 1970s to explain the masses of quarkonium states and account for the relation between the mass and angular momentum of the hadron (the so-called Regge trajectories). The potential has the form:

where  is the effective radius of the quarkonium state,  is the QCD running coupling,  is the QCD string tension and is a constant of . Initially,  and  were merely empirical parameters but with the development of QCD can now be calculated using perturbative QCD and lattice QCD, respectively.

Color confinement
In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), color confinement or infrared slavery,: 1125  often simply called confinement, is the phenomenon that color-charged particles (such as quarks and gluons) cannot be isolated, and therefore cannot be directly observed in normal conditions below the Hagedorn temperature of approximately 2 terakelvin (corresponding to energies of approximately 130–140 MeV per particle).  Quarks and gluons must clump together to form hadrons. The two main types of hadron are the mesons (one quark, one antiquark) and the baryons (often three quarks or antiquarks, though other exotic variants exist).  In addition, colorless glueballs formed only of gluons are also consistent with confinement, though difficult to identify experimentally.  Quarks and gluons cannot be separated from their parent hadron without producing new hadrons.