hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pattimandram Raja
Simson Raja, popularly known as Pattimandram Raja, is an Indian television personality popular for his speeches in Tamil-language talk shows (Pattimandram). His speeches in the debate talk shows, moderated by Solomon Pappaiah, made him famous among the Tamil households around the world. He used to anchor a daily talk show called Vaanga Pesalaam broadcast in Sun TV.

Solomon Pappaiah
Solomon Pappaiah (Tamil:சாலமன் பாப்பையா) (born 22 February 1936), also known as Solomon Pappiah and Salomon Pappayah is an Indian scholar and a television icon in Tamil Nadu, India.  He is best known for moderating debate talk shows, known as 'patti mandrams', which have been airing on Tamil Television Channels for quite a long time (for over three decades). He is credited for taking social themes to the masses and has so far moderated over 12,000 debates programmes across the globe. He is carrying Tamil literature service for almost 60 years and is considered one of the greatest Tamil scholars. His modest approach in speaking and life has earned him a large reputation among Tamil-speaking people throughout the world. He was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award, the Padma Shri, in 2021.
Will Clark (cricketer)
William James Clark (born 5 September 2001) is a New Zealand cricketer who has played for Central Districts since the 2021–22 season.

Clark was born in Hastings. A middle-order batsman and medium-fast bowler, he has played Hawke Cup cricket for Hawke's Bay since 2019–20.

Clark made his first-class debut in the 2021–22 Plunket Shield. In the 2024–25 Plunket Shield, in Central Districts' match against Northern Districts, he took 5 for 62 in Northern Districts' first innings, then made 109 in Central Districts' first innings.

Central Districts cricket team
The Central Stags, formerly known as Central Districts, are a first-class cricket team based in central New Zealand. They are the men's representative side of the Central Districts Cricket Association. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one-day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition. They are one of six teams that make up New Zealand Cricket. They were the fifth of the current teams to compete in the Plunket Shield which they entered for the first time in the 1950/51 season, and are the only men's first-class side representing regions in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand.
Body thetan
A body thetan or BT is a concept in Scientology of a disembodied thetan (being) that is stuck in, on, or near a human body. All human bodies are said to be infested by BTs, or clusters of them.

Scientologists believe body thetans came about approximately 75 million years ago through a  catastrophe brought on by a galactic dictator named Xenu, as described by L. Ron Hubbard in a confidential level in Scientology called OT III. High-level Scientologists are told that body thetans are responsible for physical and mental ailments, and are told to telepathically exorcize them using Scientology auditing processes.

Auditing (Scientology)
Auditing, also called processing, is a central practice in Scientology in which a trained "auditor" asks structured questions intended to help the participant, or "preclear", identify and address past experiences and emotional difficulties. The process typically involves the use of an E-meter, a device that measures changes in electrical resistance in the body and is presented by the Church of Scientology as a spiritual tool. Scientology teaches that auditing increases self-awareness and spiritual ability, and is the primary means of progressing along the movement's Bridge to Total Freedom. Scholars and critics have described auditing as a form of psychological conditioning and have raised serious concerns about its methods and claims. Auditing has also drawn legal and regulatory scrutiny with regard to the E-meter and Scientology's therapeutic assertions.
Strong Court
The Strong Court was the period in the history of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1892 to 1902, during which Samuel Henry Strong served as Chief Justice of Canada. Strong succeeded William Johnstone Ritchie as chief justice after the latter's death, and held the position until his retirement on November 18, 1902.

The Strong Court, much like all iterations of the Supreme Court prior to 1949, was largely overshadowed by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which served as the highest court of appeal in Canada, and whose decisions on Canadian appeals were binding on all Canadian courts.

The Strong Court continued to face many of the same criticisms previously directed at its predecessor, the Ritchie Court, including concerns about the conduct of its justices, the excessive length and lack of clarity in its rulings, and significant delays in the publication of their decisions.

Ritchie Court
The Ritchie Court was the period in the history of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1879 to 1892, during which William Johnstone Ritchie served as Chief Justice of Canada. Ritchie succeeded William Buell Richards as Chief Justice after the latter's resignation, and held the position until his death on September 25, 1892.

The Ritchie Court, much like all iterations of the Supreme Court prior to 1949, was largely overshadowed by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council served as the highest court of appeal in Canada, and its decisions on Canadian appeals were binding on all Canadian courts.

The Ritchie Court continued to face many of the same criticisms as its predecessor, the Richards Court, including the concerns about the conduct of its justices, the excessive length and lack of clarity in its decisions, and significant delays in the publication of those decisions.
Kuksi
Kuksi (Koryo-mar: 국시, Russian: кукси) is a noodle dish in Koryo-saram cuisine: cuisine of the ethnic Koreans of the mainland former Soviet Union. It is served cold and often spicy with beef. It is the Koryo-saram version of janchi-guksu.

The dish is a popular menu item at Cafe Lily, an Uzbek-Korean restaurant, located in Brooklyn, New York City. The Moscow Times describes the kuksi served at Koryo-saram in Moscow's K-town as "[having] quite the kick".

Koryo-saram cuisine
Koryo-saram are ethnic Koreans of the former Soviet Union. They have a distinct style of cuisine that is descended from Korean cuisine and influenced by the cuisines of various countries they have lived in. They are often considered distinct from Sakhalin Koreans, another Korean group from the former Soviet Union that has their own cuisine.

The cuisine has achieved significant popularity throughout the former Soviet Union, with dishes like morkovcha widely available in grocery stores. However, to the reported surprise of some visitors from Russia, the cuisine is virtually unknown in South Korea. It is also considered by some to differ from South Korean cuisine significantly, especially as it descends primarily from the cuisine of regions now in North Korea.
Rush, County Dublin
Rush (Irish: Ros Eó, meaning 'peninsula of the yew trees' [ˈɾˠɔsˠ oː]), officially An Ros, is a small seaside commuter town in Fingal, County Dublin, Ireland. Rush lies on the Irish Sea coast, between Skerries and Lusk, and has a small harbour. It had a population at the 2022 census of 10,875.

Rush was once known as the "market garden of Ireland" for the large role market gardening played in its economy and culture. In the 21st century, Rush is no longer a major centre of national horticulture and has instead evolved into a growing commuter town on the northern fringes of the Greater Dublin Area.

Skerries, County Dublin
Skerries (Irish: Na Sceirí, meaning 'rocky islands') is a coastal town in Fingal, in the north of County Dublin, Ireland. Skerries was historically a fishing port and later a centre of hand embroidery. These industries declined in the early 20th century, however, and it became both a resort town and a commuter town for Dublin 30 km (19 mi) to the south.  Offshore from the town are several islands, one of which is a nature reserve, Rockabill.
Washington District
The Washington District is a Norfolk Southern Railway line in the U.S. state of Virginia that connects Alexandria and Lynchburg. Most of the line was built from 1850 to 1860 by the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, while a small portion in the center opened in 1880 as the Charlottesville and Rapidan Railroad. Today, the line is mainly used for freight service, but Amtrak's Crescent, Cardinal and Northeast Regional passenger services use all or part of the line, and the Virginia Railway Express Manassas Line commuter service uses the northernmost portion of the line.

Manassas Line
The Manassas Line is a Virginia Railway Express commuter rail service that extends from Washington, D.C., to Bristow, Virginia. The first of VRE's two lines, with service beginning on June 22, 1992, the line operates on tracks owned by CSX Transportation (the RF&P Subdivision) and Virginia Passenger Rail Authority.

The line got around 5,062 boardings per day in April 2025.
Košíře
Košíře is a district of Prague, part of the municipal area Prague 5. It is situated in the valley of the Motol brook between the districts Smíchov and Motol. Košíře became a town in 1896 and was joined onto Prague in 1921.

Motol (Prague)
Motol is a cadastral area of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. It is located in the administrative district of Prague 5.

It is the location of Motol University Hospital, a large teaching hospital.
Martin Weise
Martin Weise (12 May 1903 – 15 November 1943) was a German journalist, member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and a resistance fighter against the Nazis during World War II. From 1929 to 1934, Weiss published the socialist Die Rote Fahne newspaper. He was arrested and sent to a concentration camp until 1939. When he was released, he decided to resist and made contact with  Wilhelm Guddorf and the Hamburg based group around Bernhard Bästlein and Robert Abshagen He became associated with an anti-fascist resistance group that was run by Harro Schulze-Boysen and Arvid Harnack, that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Abwehr.

Wilhelm Guddorf
Wilhelm Guddorf (alias Paul Braun; 20 February 1902 – 13 May 1943) was a Belgian journalist, anti-Nazi and resistance fighter against the Third Reich. Guddorf was a leading member of a Berlin anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra (Rote Kapelle) by the Abwehr. Guddorf was the editor of the Communist Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag) newspaper.
Prime major
The prime major was the staff officer rank of the Russian Life Guards and the Imperial Russian Army of the 18th century.

The rank belonged to the 8th class of "Table of Ranks". According to the regulations of 1716 the majors were divided into prime majors and second majors. The prime major was an assistant to the colonel, and the second major was an assistant to his deputy lieutenant colonel.

The prime major was in charge of the regiment and the inspection units. He was the third official in the regiment. He exercised real command of the 1st battalion (divizion) of the regiment (the battalion chief was the colonel), and in the absence of the regiment commander and his deputy, he could command the entire regiment.

The division into prime and second majors was abolished in 1797. All prime and second majors became majors. In 1827, the majors received as an insignia two stars on the staff-officers' epaulettes.

Table of Ranks
The Table of Ranks (Russian: Табель о рангах, romanized: Tabel' o rangakh) was a formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of Imperial Russia. Peter the Great introduced the system in 1722 while engaged in a struggle with the existing hereditary nobility, or boyars. The Table of Ranks was formally abolished on 11 November 1917 by the newly established Bolshevik government. During the Vladimir Putin  presidency, a similar formalized structure has been reintroduced into many governmental departments, combined with formal uniforms and insignia: Local Government, Diplomatic Service, Prosecution Service, Investigative Committee.
Seokgatap
Seokgatap (Korean: 석가탑; Hanja: 釋迦塔) is a Silla-era stone pagoda in the temple Bulguksa in Gyeongju, South Korea. It was designated National Treasure of South Korea No. 21 on December 20, 1962. The pagoda stands 10.75 meters high and directly across from another pagoda Dabotap. It probably dates to around 751, when Bulguksa was completed.

National Treasure (South Korea)
National Treasure (Korean: 국보) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for tangible objects of significant artistic, cultural, and historical value. Examples of objects include art, artifacts, sites, or buildings. It is administered by the Korea Heritage Service (KHS). Additions to the list are decided by the Cultural Heritage Committee.

Many of the registered items are popular tourist attractions for South Korea. Examples include Jongmyo, Bulguksa, Seokguram, and the Tripitaka Koreana at Haeinsa. As of December 2020, there are 348 distinct entries on the list, some composed of a large number of sub-entries. The treasures are numbered according to the order in which they were designated, not according to their individual value.
Arkansas Highway 359
Highway 359 (AR 359, Ark. 359, and Hwy. 359) is a north–south state highway in Johnson County, United States. The route of 12.85 miles (20.68 km) runs north from U.S. Route 64 (US 64) near Piney to US 64 in Lamar.

U.S. Route 64 in Arkansas
U.S. Route 64 (US 64) is a U.S. route running from Teec Nos Pos, Arizona east to Nags Head, North Carolina. In the U.S. state of Arkansas, the route runs 246.35 miles (396.46 km) from the Oklahoma border in Fort Smith east to the Tennessee border in Memphis. The route passes through several cities and towns, including Fort Smith, Clarksville, Russellville, Conway, Searcy, and West Memphis. US 64 runs parallel to Interstate 40 (I-40) until Conway, when I-40 takes a more southerly route.
Birkenfeld (Enz)
Birkenfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʁkn̩fɛlt] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Enz district, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated in the Northern Black Forest, 6 km southwest of Pforzheim. The town is located on the top plain, the area extends down to the river Enz valley.

Birkenfeld has a stop on route S6 of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn, which operates over the Enztalbahn railway.

Enzkreis
Enzkreis (German pronunciation: [ˈɛntskʁaɪs], Enz district) is a Landkreis (district) in the northwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Karlsruhe, Heilbronn, Ludwigsburg, Böblingen and Calw. The district-free Pforzheim area in the south is nearly completely surrounded by Enz.
Silvano Maria Tomasi
Silvano Maria Tomasi C.S. (born 12 October 1940) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who has served as the Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta since 1 November 2020. He was the Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva from 2003 to 2016. He previously worked in the Roman Curia, became an archbishop in 1996, and represented the Holy See as an apostolic nuncio in Africa from 1996 to 2003.

Pope Francis raised him to the rank of cardinal on 28 November 2020.

Scalabrinians
The Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Latin: Congregatio Missionariorum a S. Carolo), commonly called the Scalabrinian Missionaries, is a Catholic religious institute of brothers and priests founded by Giovanni Battista Scalabrini, Bishop of Piacenza in Italy, in 1887.  The members of the congregation add the nominal letters CS after their names to indicate their membership in the Congregation. Its mission is to "maintain Catholic faith and practice among Italian emigrants in the New World." Today, they and their sister organizations, the Missionary Sisters of St. Charles Borromeo (founded by Scalabrini on 25 October 1895) and the Secular Institute of the Scalabrinian Missionary Women (founded 25 July 1961) minister to migrants, refugees and displaced persons.
Etchemin language
Etchemin was a language of the Algonquian language family, spoken in early colonial times on the coast of Maine. The word Etchemin is thought to be either French alteration of an Algonquian word for 'canoe' or a translation of Skidijn, the native word for people in use by the inhabitants of the St. John and St. Croix Rivers.

The only known record of the Etchemin language is a list of the numbers from one to ten recorded by Marc Lescarbot in the early 17th century and published in his book The History of New France (1609). The numerals in the list match those of Malecite-Passamaquoddy, Eastern Abenaki, as well as languages of southern New England such as Wampanoag, but as a set they do not match any other Algonquian language. The Etchemin language disappeared not long after Lescarbot's visit, and it is unknown what became of the tribe. All other language records called 'Etchemin', under more detailed analysis, appear to be the neighboring Malecite-Passamaquoddy language.

Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (/æl.ˈɡɒŋ.k(w)i.ən/ al-GONG-k(w)ee-ən; also Algonkian) are a branch of the Algic language family. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the Indigenous Ojibwe language (Chippewa), which is a senior member of the Algonquian language family. The term Algonquin has been suggested to derive from the Wolastoqey word elakómkwik (pronounced [ɛlæˈɡomoɡwik]), meaning 'they are our relatives/allies'.

Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of North America to the Rocky Mountains. The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian, was spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago. There is no scholarly consensus about where this language was spoken.
Felony petty theft
Felony petty theft is denotes a situation where a misdemeanor petty theft offense is elevated to the status of a felony despite not meeting statutory requirements regarding the minimum value for felony grand theft.

Theft
Theft (from Old English  þeofð, cognate to thief) is the act of taking another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. The word theft is also used as a synonym or informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as larceny, robbery, embezzlement, extortion, blackmail, or receiving stolen property. In some jurisdictions, theft is considered to be synonymous with larceny, while in others, theft is defined more narrowly. A person who engages in theft is known as a thief (pl. thieves).

Theft is the name of a statutory offence in California, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and the Australian states of South Australia and Victoria.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) also known as endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (serpin E1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINE1 gene. Elevated PAI-1 is a risk factor for thrombosis and atherosclerosis.

PAI-1 is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that functions as the principal inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA), the activators of plasminogen and hence fibrinolysis (the physiological breakdown of blood clots). It is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) protein (SERPINE1).

The other PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) is secreted by the placenta and only present in significant amounts during pregnancy. In addition, protease nexin acts as an inhibitor of tPA and urokinase. PAI-1, however, is the main inhibitor of the plasminogen activators.

Plasmin
Plasmin is an important enzyme (EC 3.4.21.7) present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, including fibrin clots. The degradation of fibrin is termed fibrinolysis.  In humans, the plasmin protein (in the zymogen form of plasminogen) is encoded by the PLG gene.
Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem
The Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem (Latin: Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani, OSMTH, French: Ordre Souverain et Militaire du Temple de Jérusalem, OSMTJ), founded as the Sovereign Military Order of the Temple (French: Ordre souverain et militaire du Temple) are a group of associations commonly originating from the revivalist Order of the Temple which was formed in 1804 by Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat.

Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat
Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat (29 May 1773 – 18 February 1838), was a former Catholic priest and mystic who founded a self-styled order called the Ordre du Temple, claiming direct descent from the original Knights Templar in 1804. He later founded the Johannite Church in 1812 and proclaimed himself Grand Master of the Templars and Sovereign Pontiff of the Primitive Catholic religion, opposing the Catholic Church.
Canned tea
Canned tea is a relatively recent method of marketing tea which has been sold traditionally as leaf tea and also, for the last 100 years, in tea bag form. It utilises the canning process to produce a ready made drink. Perceived advantages includes ease of use (minimal or no preparation time) and the possibility of additives (such as flavours or sugar); the disadvantages are the cost of shipment (and therefore the price of the product) and a lack of freshness.

Canning
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under specific circumstances, it can be much longer. A freeze-dried canned product, such as canned dried lentils, could last as long as 30 years in an edible state.

In 1974, samples of canned food from the wreck of the Bertrand, a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1865, were tested by the National Food Processors Association. Although appearance, smell, and vitamin content had deteriorated, there was no trace of microbial growth and the 109-year-old food was determined to be still safe to eat.
Afu-Ra
Aaron Ocosice Phillip (born January 31, 1974), known professionally as Afu-Ra, is an American rapper. A member of the Gang Starr Foundation, he has worked closely with its members, including Gang Starr, Jeru the Damaja, Big Shug and Group Home.

Jeru the Damaja
Kendrick Jeru Davis (born February 14, 1971), known as Jeru the Damaja (/'jeiru: ðə ˈdæmɪʤə JAY-roo thuh DAM-ih-juh), is an American rapper and record producer. He is known for his 1993 single "Come Clean" from his debut album, The Sun Rises in the East, ranked as one of the 100 greatest hip-hop albums of all time by the editors of About.com. He has worked extensively with Guru and DJ Premier of Gang Starr, whom he has known since he was in high school.
Aberdeen Trades Union Council
Aberdeen Trades Union Council (ATUC) is the body made up of affiliated trade union branches and organisations working in the Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire area to promote the interests of workers in the region. The ATUC provides services to affiliated branches on a wide range of industrial, social and community issues and is affiliated to the STUC.  It has an office based in Aberdeen, Scotland.

Scottish Trades Union Congress
The Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC) is the national trade union centre in Scotland. With 40 affiliated unions as of 2020, the STUC represents over 540,000 trade unionists.

The STUC is a separate organisation from the English and Welsh Trades Union Congress (TUC), having been established in 1897 as a result of a political dispute with the TUC regarding political representation for the Labour movement.

The current General Secretary of the Scottish Trades Union Congress is Rozanne Foyer.