hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kalininsky District, Tver Oblast
Kalininsky District  (Russian: Кали́нинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Likhoslavlsky District in the north, Rameshkovsky District in the northeast, Kimrsky District in the east, Konakovsky District in the southeast, Lotoshinsky District of Moscow Oblast in the south, Staritsky District in the southwest, and with Torzhoksky District in the west. The area of the district is 4,244.7 square kilometers (1,638.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Tver (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 52,047 (2010 Census);  54,857 (2002 Census); 58,330 (1989 Soviet census).

Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (Russian: Тверская область, romanized: Tverskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (Russian: Калининская область). Population: 1,353,392 (2010 census).

Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much of the remaining area is occupied by the Valdai Hills, where the Volga, the Western Dvina, and the Dnieper have their source.

Tver Oblast is one of the tourist regions of Russia with a modern tourist infrastructure. There are many historic towns, such as Torzhok, Zubtsov, Kashin, Vyshny Volochyok, and Kalyazin. The oldest of these is Rzhev, primarily known for the Battles of Rzhev in World War II and the Rzhev Memorial. Staritsa was the seat of the last appanage principality in Russia, while Ostashkov, located on lake Seliger, is a major center of recreational and nature tourism.
The Open Definition
The Open Definition (formerly Open Knowledge Definition) is published by the Open Knowledge Foundation (OKF) to define openness for any type of data, content, or other knowledge. The definition's stated purpose is to "[make] precise the meaning of ‘open’ with respect to knowledge". Although it draws philosophically from both the open-source and free software movements, the Open Definition prioritizes license compatibility over copyleft principles requiring derivative works to be released under a free license. The Open Definition contains requirements for content licenses to be considered open licenses, and the OKF maintains a list of compatible licenses. The definition also requires open access, machine readability, and the use of open formats. The OKF's Open Software Service Definition is derived from the Open Definition.

Open file format
An open file format is a file format for storing digital data, defined by an openly published specification usually maintained by a standards organization, and which can be used and implemented by anyone. An open file format is licensed with an open license.

For example, an open format can be implemented by both proprietary and free and open-source software, using the typical software licenses used by each. In contrast to open file formats, closed file formats are considered trade secrets.

Depending on the definition, the specification of an open format may require a fee to access or, very rarely, contain other restrictions. The range of meanings is similar to that of the term open standard.
Olfactory bulb
The olfactory bulb (Latin: bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure in the forebrain of vertebrates that is involved in olfaction, or the sense of smell. It transmits olfactory information to the other brain regions including the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus where it contributes to emotion, memory and learning.

The bulb is divided into two distinct structures: the main olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb. The main olfactory bulb connects to the amygdala via the piriform cortex of the primary olfactory cortex and directly projects from the main olfactory bulb to specific amygdala areas. The accessory olfactory bulb resides on the dorsal-posterior region of the main olfactory bulb and forms a parallel pathway.

Destruction of the olfactory bulb results in ipsilateral anosmia, while irritative lesions of the uncus can result in olfactory and gustatory hallucinations.

Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes of the brain which is involved in the cognitive process of decision-making. In non-human primates it consists of the association cortex areas Brodmann area 11, 12 and 13; in humans it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47.

The OFC is functionally related to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Therefore, the region is distinguished due to the distinct neural connections and the distinct functions it performs. It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion, taste, smell and reward in decision-making. It gets its name from its position immediately above the orbits in which the eyes are located. Considerable individual variability has been found in the OFC of humans. A related area is found in rodents.
Matteo Quintarelli
Matteo Quintarelli (born 13 June 2007) is an Italian racing driver who lives in Dubai. He currently competes in the 2024–25 Asian Le Mans Series with Ultimate AF Corse in the LMP3 Category. He previously competed in Formula 4 with Sainteloc Racing in the Formula 4 UAE Championship and F4 Spanish Championship respectively.

2024 Formula 4 UAE Championship
The 2024 Formula 4 UAE Championship was the eighth season of the Formula 4 UAE Championship, and the last under this moniker before the change of the branding to F4 Middle East Championship from 2025 onwards. It was a motor racing series for the United Arab Emirates, regulated according to FIA Formula 4 regulations and organised and promoted by the Emirates Motorsport Organization (EMSO) and Top Speed.

The regular season commenced on 12 January at the Yas Marina Circuit and concluded on 18 February at the Dubai Autodrome.
Students for Cooperation
Students for Cooperation (SFC) is a co-operative federation of students in the UK. As a secondary co-op, the organization is owned and controlled by its constituent member co-operatives.

The membership includes twenty four food co-ops, four housing co-ops, one bike co-op and one swap/re-use co-op.

Cooperative federation
A cooperative federation or secondary cooperative is a cooperative in which all members are, in turn, cooperatives.
Historically, cooperative federations have predominantly come in the form of cooperative wholesale societies and cooperative unions. Cooperative federations are a means through which cooperatives can fulfill the sixth Cooperative Principle, cooperation among cooperatives. The International Cooperative Alliance notes that “Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures.”
Ezhikkara
Ezhikkara is a Village in the North Paravur Taluk of Ernakulam District, Kerala. The North Paravur to Chathanad road (9 km) passes through this village. Ezhikkara is situated close to kochi city. Ezhikkara is famous for its Pokkali (a type of rice) fields, prawn farms and idyllic backwaters.

North Paravur
North Paravur (IPA: [vɐɖɐkːɐn pɐrɐʋuːr]; formerly known as Paravur or Parur), is a municipality in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. It is located 24 km (14.9 mi) north of the district collectorate in Thrikkakara and about 232 km (144.2 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. North Paravur is part of the Kochi metropolitan area and is located 26 km (16.2 mi) north of the Kochi city centre. As per the 2011 Indian census, North Paravur has a population of 31,503 people, and a population density of 3,490/km2 (9,000/sq mi).
Ayoub Qanir
Ayoub Qanir is an American filmmaker and writer, known for his films Artificio Conceal and The World of Which We Dream Doesn't Exist. He is also a graphic novelist. In 2015, he was knighted by the King of Morocco.

Order of Ouissam Alaouite
The Order of Ouissam Alaouite (Arabic: الوسام العلوي الشريف) or the Sharifian Order of Al-Alaoui is a military decoration of Morocco which is bestowed by the King of Morocco upon those civilians and military officers who have displayed heroism in combat or have contributed meritorious service to the Moroccan state.  The decoration was established on 11 January 1913 in replacement of the Order of Ouissam Hafidien. It is awarded in five classes: Grand Cordon (Grand Cordon), Grand Officer (Grand Officier), Commander (Commandeur), Officer (Officier) and Knight (Chevalier).

The Order of Ouissam Alaouite is similar to the Legion of Merit, awarded by the United States military.
Vermont Route 232
Vermont Route 232 (VT 232) is a 13.548-mile-long (21.803 km) state highway located in Caledonia and Washington counties, Vermont, United States. The route begins at a junction with U.S. Route 302 (US 302) in the town of Groton and runs north to a junction with US 2 in the town of Marshfield. The route does not junction with any other state highways, but serves as the main road for Lake Groton. VT 232 was first designated in 1957.

Washington County, Vermont
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. Named after George Washington, its county seat is the city of Montpelier (the least populous state capital in the United States) and the most populous city is the city of Barre. As of the 2020 census, the population was 59,807, making it the third-most populous county in Vermont, but the third-least populous capital county in the United States after Hughes County, South Dakota and Franklin County, Kentucky; in 2023, the estimated population was 60,142. Washington County comprises the Barre, Vermont micropolitan statistical area. In 2010, the center of population of Vermont was located in Washington County, in the town of Warren.
Kazane Nagai
Kazane (風音, Kazane; born October 27, 1998) is a retired Japanese kickboxer, who fought professionally in RISE. He was the 2021 RISE Dead of Alive Super Flyweight (-53 kg) Tournament winner and was a one-time RISE Super Flyweight (-53kg) title challenger.

As of October 2021 he was the #2 ranked strawweight kickboxer in the world by Combat Press.

RISE (kickboxing)
Extreme Fight Game RISE, known simply as RISE, is a Japanese kickboxing promotion company based in Tokyo. Their name is an abbreviation of "Real Impact Sports Entertainment".

Its main roster showcases ten male and three female weight classes. They also hold the KAMINARIMON events, which are exclusively open to amateur fighters.
Lunar I-Hab
The Lunar I-Hab (formerly known as International Habitation Module, International Habitat or I-HAB) is designed as a habitat module of the Lunar Gateway station, to be built by the European Space Agency (ESA) in collaboration with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The I-HAB will have a maximum launch mass of 10,000 kg (22,000 lb) and provide a habitable volume of 10 m3 (350 cu ft) (the gross pressurized volume is 36 m3 (1,300 cu ft)).

JAXA
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, Kokuritsu-kenkyū-kaihatsu-hōjin Uchū Kōkū Kenkyū Kaihatsu Kikō; lit. 'National Research and Development Agency Aerospace Research and Development Organisation') is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions such as asteroid exploration and possible human exploration of the Moon. Its motto is One JAXA and its corporate slogan is Explore to Realize (formerly Reaching for the skies, exploring space).
Emília Pires
Emília Pires was East Timor's Minister of Finance from April 2007 until 16 February 2015. Ms. Pires was sworn in as the Minister of Finance of the V Constitutional Government of East Timor on August 8, 2012 under the leadership of Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão.

In July 2012, Pires was appointed by the Secretary-General of United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, to the 26-member High-level Panel of Eminent Persons advising the United Nations on the post 2015 global development agenda.

Ministry of Finance (Timor-Leste)
The Timor-Leste Ministry of Finance (MOF; Portuguese: Ministério das Finanças, Tetum: Ministeriu Finansas) is the government department of East Timor accountable for the government budget and public finances.
Philip Odera
Philip Odera is an economist, businessman and bank executive in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community. He is the current designate managing director and chief executive officer of CfC Stanbic Bank Limited, a Kenyan financial institution, with total assets valued at approximately US$2 billion (KES:180.51 billion), as of December 2013. Prior to that, from 2007 until 2014, he served as the CEO and managing director of Stanbic Bank Uganda, the largest commercial bank in Uganda.

Stanbic Holdings Plc
Stanbic Holdings Plc, formerly known as CfC Stanbic Holdings Limited, is a Kenyan financial services organization with headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya, with subsidiaries in Kenya and South Sudan. Stanbic Holdings is a member of the Standard Bank Group, a financial services giant based in South Africa. The institution is licensed and governed by the Central Bank of Kenya, the national banking regulator.

The institution serves the banking needs of large and small business customers as well as individuals. As of 2013, Stanbic Holdings Plc was a large financial services organization in Kenya, with an assets valued at over KSh 180.51 billion (US$1.78 billion). At that time, shareholder's equity was valued at about KSh 32.43 billion (US$319.696 million).
Duckpin bowling
Duckpin bowling is a variation of the sport of bowling.

Duckpin balls are 4+3⁄4 to 5 inches (12.1 to 12.7 cm)  in diameter, weigh between 3 lb 6 oz and 3 lb 12 oz (1.53 and 1.70 kg) each, and lack finger holes. They are thus significantly smaller than those used in ten-pin bowling but are slightly larger and heavier than those used in candlepin bowling.

Duckpins, although arranged in a triangle identical to that used in ten-pin bowling, are shorter, slightly thinner, and lighter than their ten-pin equivalents, which makes it more difficult for the smaller ball to achieve a strike. For this reason, similar to candlepin bowling, the bowler is allowed three rolls per frame.

Strike (bowling)
In bowling, a strike means that all of the pins have been knocked down on the first ball roll of a frame. On a bowling scoresheet, a strike is marked by an "X".

In American nine-pin bowling, a ringer is an equivalent term for knocking down all pins on the first ball of the frame (known as a full house).
Charles Lynn Wayne
Charles Lynn Wayne (February 10, 1943 – November 23, 2024) was an American program manager at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). He was instrumental in creating the Common Task Method for advancing speech recognition and natural language processing technologies by centering around public benchmarks and datasets, and in establishing Human Language Technology (HLT) initiatives programs at DARPA including TIDES (Translingual Information Detection, Extraction, and Summarization) and EARS (Effective, Affordable, Reusable Speech-to-Text).

Language technology
Language technology, often called human language technology (HLT), studies methods of how computer programs or electronic devices can analyze, produce, modify or respond to human texts and speech. Working with language technology often requires broad knowledge not only about linguistics but also about computer science. It consists of natural language processing (NLP) and computational linguistics (CL) on the one hand, many application oriented aspects of these, and more low-level aspects such as encoding and speech technology on the other hand.

Note that these elementary aspects are normally not considered to be within the scope of related terms such as natural language processing and (applied) computational linguistics, which are otherwise near-synonyms. As an example, for many of the world's lesser known languages, the foundation of language technology is providing communities with fonts and keyboard setups so their languages can be written on computers or mobile devices.
Thermo King
Thermo King is an American manufacturer of transport temperature control systems for refrigerator trucks and trailers, refrigerated containers and refrigerated railway cars along with heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems for bus and passenger rail applications. It is headquartered in the Minneapolis suburb of Bloomington, Minnesota. Thermo King is a subsidiary of Trane Technologies.

Refrigerator car
A refrigerator car (or "reefer") is a refrigerated boxcar (U.S.), a piece of railroad rolling stock designed to carry perishable freight at specific temperatures. Refrigerator cars differ from simple insulated boxcars and ventilated boxcars (commonly used for transporting fruit), neither of which are fitted with cooling apparatus. Reefers can be ice-cooled, come equipped with any one of a variety of mechanical refrigeration systems, or use carbon dioxide (as dry ice) or liquid nitrogen as a cooling agent. Milk cars (and other types of "express" reefers) may or may not include a cooling system, but are equipped with high-speed trucks and other modifications that allow them to travel with passenger trains.
Mike Nelson (Minnesota politician)
Michael V. Nelson (born June 2, 1954) is an American politician who served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 2003 to 2025. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), he represented District 38A, which includes the cities of Brooklyn Park and Osseo in Hennepin County in the Twin Cities metropolitan area.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
V Cavalry Corps (Grande Armée)
The V Cavalry Corps of the Grande Armée was a French military unit that existed during the Napoleonic Wars. The corps was created in 1813 and fought until 1814. Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte first organized the corps during the summer armistice in 1813 and it fought at Dresden and Leipzig. General Samuel-François Lhéritier led the corps at first but was replaced by General Pierre Claude Pajol. After Pajol was wounded at Leipzig, General Édouard Jean Baptiste Milhaud commanded the corps at Hanau in 1813 and at Brienne, La Rothière, Mormant, Fère-Champenoise, and Paris in 1814.

Battle of Hanau
The Battle of Hanau was fought from 30 to 31 October 1813 between Karl Philipp von Wrede's Austro-Bavarian corps and Napoleon's retreating French during the War of the Sixth Coalition.

Following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig earlier in October, Napoleon began to retreat from Germany into France and relative safety. Wrede attempted to block Napoleon's line of retreat at Hanau on 30 October. Napoleon arrived at Hanau with reinforcements and defeated Wrede's forces. On 31 October Hanau was in French control, opening Napoleon's line of retreat.

The Battle of Hanau was an important tactical victory allowing Napoleon's depleted army to retreat onto French soil to prepare to face an invasion of France.
Lantern (Better Call Saul)
"Lantern" is the tenth and final episode of the third season of the American television drama series Better Call Saul, the spinoff series of Breaking Bad. Written by Gennifer Hutchison and directed by series co-creator Peter Gould, "Lantern" aired on AMC in the United States on June 19, 2017. Outside of the United States, the episode premiered on streaming service Netflix in several countries.

In the episode, Jimmy plans to help Irene recover the trust of her friends at Sandpiper Crossing at the cost of his reputation, while Chuck is forced by Howard to resign from HHM, eventually causing a relapse of his condition. Meanwhile, Kim recovers at home from her wounds from the car crash, and Hector collapses from a stroke caused by Nacho.

The episode was seen by an estimated 1.85 million household viewers upon release, the most watched episode of the third season. This episode marks the final regular appearance of Michael McKean (Chuck McGill).

Kim Wexler
Kimberly Wexler is a fictional character in the television series Better Call Saul, a spin-off of Breaking Bad. Kim is primarily portrayed by Rhea Seehorn, and was created by Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould. An intelligent and proficient lawyer, she is the confidante and love interest of Jimmy McGill / Saul Goodman, whom she later marries. Kim's characterization and Seehorn's performance have received critical acclaim, earning her two nominations at the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.
Kokusai-Tenjijō Station
Kokusai-Tenjijō Station (Japanese: 国際展示場駅, Hepburn: Kokusai-Tenjijō-eki; lit. 'International Exhibition Centre Station') is a railway station on the Rinkai Line in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan, operated by Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit (TWR). The station serves the Tokyo Big Sight exhibition centre, after which it is named. Its station number is R-03. Opened on 30 March 1996, the station is located within walking distance of Ariake Station on the Yurikamome, an automated transit line. The station is also near a large bus plaza that serves as a stop on the Tokyo BRT line.

Rinkai Line
The Rinkai Line (Japanese: りんかい線, Hepburn: Rinkai-sen) is a railway line in Tokyo, Japan. It is the only line operated by the third-sector company Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit. It connects central Tokyo to the artificial islands of Aomi and Odaiba. The line is served by some trains on the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) Saikyō Line which continue on to Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, Ōmiya, and Kawagoe.
Iranology Foundation
The Iranology Foundation is a scientific and research institute in Iran and Iranian studies is the main field of its activities. The Foundation's studies and researches are all topics and issues related to various manifestations of Iranian culture and civilization. The institute was established in 1997 under the supervision of the Presidential Administration of Iran.

Iranian studies
Iranian studies (Persian: ايران‌شناسی Irânšenâsi), also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, language, art and culture of Iranian peoples. It is a part of the wider field of Oriental studies.

Iranian studies is broader than Persian studies, which is the study of the Persian language and literature specifically. The discipline of Iranian Studies focuses on broad trends in culture, history, language and other aspects of not only Persians, but also a variety of other contemporary and historical fellow Iranian peoples, such as Kurds, Lurs, Gilakis, Talysh, Tajiks, Pashtuns, Ossetians, Baluchis, Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, Parthians, Sogdians, Bactrians, Khwarazmians, and Mazandaranis.