hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Northern Vietnam
Northern Vietnam (Vietnamese: Bắc Bộ) is one of three geographical regions in Vietnam. It consists of three sub-regions: the Northwest (vùng Tây Bắc), the Northeast (vùng Đông Bắc), and the Red River Delta (Đồng bằng sông Hồng). Unlike tropical Southern Vietnam, Northern Vietnam has a subtropical climate.

The region was historically referred to by various names in Vietnamese: Bắc Kỳ during the Nguyễn dynasty, Bắc Bộ from 1945 to the present (encompassing the Empire of Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and Bắc Phần, sometimes Bắc Việt, during the State of Vietnam.

It has a total area of about 109,942.9 km2. The region's largest city, Hanoi, serves as the country's capital. Among the three geographical regions, the oldest is Northern Vietnam. Vietnamese culture originated in the Red River Delta and the Kinh Vietnamese eventually spread south into the Mekong Delta.

Viet people
The Kinh people (Vietnamese: người Kinh, lit. 'Metropolitan people'), also known as the Viet people (Vietnamese: người Việt), are a Southeast Asian ethnicity native to modern-day northern Vietnam, who expanded southwards in the last millennium. They speak Vietnamese, the most widely used Austroasiatic language, and are one of the four main Vietic-speaking groups in Vietnam, the others being the Mường, Thổ, and Chứt.

The Viet accounted for 85.32% of Vietnam's population in the 2019 census and are officially designated as the Kinh people to distinguish them from minority groups in the country, such as the Mường, Tày, Hmong, and Cham. Diasporic descendants of the Kinh in Guangxi, China, known as the Gin people, are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by China. The Viet also constitute the majority of the Vietnamese diaspora worldwide.
Thaddeus B. Wakeman
Thaddeus B. Wakeman, also known as T.B. Wakeman, was an American attorney, politician, editor and political philosopher. He graduated from Princeton University. Generally ascribed as a liberal freethought philosopher, he was a speaker at the 1878 Freethinkers' Convention at Watkins, New York. He served as president of the National Liberal League, ran unsuccessfully for Attorney General in the New York state election of 1887, and was editor of the liberal paper Man.  He was also the head of the Liberal University of Oregon, later relocated to Kansas City, Missouri.

His daughter Emily Wakeman Hartley founded and managed the Stamford Theatre in Stamford, Connecticut.

National Liberal League
The National Liberal League (1876 – c.1885) of the United States advocated separation of church and state and the freedom of religion. The league evolved into the American Secular Union in 1884. The First Unitarian Society of Minneapolis grew directly out of the chapter there.
Stephen Leicht
Stephen Russell Leicht (born January 9, 1987) is an American professional stock car racing driver who last competed part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 31 Chevrolet for Rise Motorsports. He has previously competed in the NASCAR Cup Series (where he was the 2012 Rookie of the Year) NASCAR Xfinity Series and the NASCAR Truck Series. Leicht also has over 150 feature event wins in quarter midgets and go-kart racing.

RSS Racing
Ryan Scott Sieg Racing (shortened to RSS Racing, also known as Ryan Shane Sieg Racing) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series. The team is owned by Rod Sieg and Pamela Sieg. The team currently fields three Chevrolet SS teams: the No. 28 full-time for Kyle Sieg, the No. 39 full-time for Ryan Sieg, and the No. 38 part-time for multiple drivers, with a technical alliance with Haas Factory Team.
Amaua, American Samoa
Amaua is a village in the southeast of Tutuila Island, American Samoa located on the north shore of Faga'itua Bay between Alega and Faga'itua.

Amaua's mayor, Pulenu'u Troy Fia-ui, was taken into custody by the police in January 2011 after marijuana plants were discovered by his home.

As of 2010, Amaua had a 94.8 high school graduation percent, which was among the highest recorded of any village in American Samoa.

Fagaʻitua Bay
Faga'itua Bay is a large indentation in the eastern south coast of Tutuila in American Samoa. Many of the island's villages are located on the shore of the bay, the largest of which is Faga'itua. Other villages are Auto, Amaua, Utusia, Pagai, and Alofau.
Cayley–Bacharach theorem
In mathematics, the Cayley–Bacharach theorem is a statement about cubic curves (plane curves of degree three) in the projective plane P2. The original form states:

Assume that two cubics C1 and C2 in the projective plane meet in nine (different) points, as they do in general over an algebraically closed field. Then every cubic that passes through any eight of the points also passes through the ninth point.

A more intrinsic form of the Cayley–Bacharach theorem reads as follows:

Every cubic curve C over an algebraically closed field that passes through a given set of eight points P1, ..., P8 also passes through (counting multiplicities) a ninth point P9 which depends only on P1, ..., P8.

A related result on conics was first proved by the French geometer Michel Chasles and later generalized to cubics by Arthur Cayley and Isaak Bacharach.

Isaak Bacharach
Isaak Bacharach (2 December 1854  – 22 September 1942) was a German mathematics professor in Erlangen who proved the Cayley–Bacharach theorem on intersections of cubic curves.

He was murdered at the Theresienstadt concentration camp during The Holocaust.
Robyville, Ohio
Robyville is an unincorporated community in Smithfield Township, Jefferson County, Ohio, United States. It is located southwest of Adena on Hanna Avenue.

Robyville was a company town for the Roby Coal Company, which operated multiple large mines nearby. The Robyville Post Office was established on August 15, 1902 and discontinued on August 31, 1928. Mail service is now handled through the Adena branch.

Jefferson County, Ohio
Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,249. Its county seat is Steubenville. The county is named for Thomas Jefferson, who was vice president at the time of its creation.

Jefferson County is part of the Weirton–Steubenville, WV–OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton, PA–WV–OH Combined Statistical Area.
Govindarajan Padmanaban
Govindarajan Padmanaban (born 20 March 1938, in Madras) is an Indian biochemist and biotechnologist. He was the former director of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), and currently serves as honorary professor in the department of biochemistry at IISc and Chancellor of Central University of Tamil Nadu.

Central University of Tamil Nadu
Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN) is a Central University located in Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India, and Prof. M. Krishnan is the Vice-Chancellor of this Central University, which now has over 2,000 students in 27 Departments under 12 Schools. CUTN was ranked in the 51–100 band among universities in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2022.
Michael A. Hoey
Michael A. Hoey  (1934 – 17 August 2014) was a British author and film and television writer, director, and producer. He was the son of Dennis Hoey, who portrayed Inspector Lestrade in Universal's Sherlock Holmes series.

Palm Springs Weekend
Palm Springs Weekend is a 1963 Warner Bros. bedroom comedy film directed by Norman Taurog. It has elements of the beach party genre (AIP's Beach Party became a smash hit in July, while Warner Bros. was still putting this film together) and has been called "a sort of Westernized version of Where the Boys Are" by Billboard magazine. It stars Troy Donahue, Stefanie Powers, Robert Conrad, Ty Hardin, and Connie Stevens.
Chimney Rock National Monument
Chimney Rock National Monument is a 4,726-acre (1,913 ha) U.S. National Monument in San Juan National Forest in southwestern Colorado which includes an archaeological site.  This area is located in Archuleta County, Colorado, between Durango and Pagosa Springs, and is managed for archaeological protection, public interpretation, and education.  The Chimney Rock Archaeological Site has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1970.  U.S. President Barack Obama created Chimney Rock National Monument by proclamation on September 21, 2012, under authority of the Antiquities Act.

Archuleta County, Colorado
Archuleta County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,359.  The county seat and the only incorporated municipality in the county is Pagosa Springs.
Fossati brothers
The Fossati brothers, Gaspare (7 October 1809 – 5 September 1883) and Giuseppe (1822–1891), were Italian-Swiss architects. They completed more than 50 projects in Turkey (then the Ottoman Empire) during the Tanzimat era. They belonged to the Morcote branch of the Fossati, a prominent Ticinese family with mentions in the historical record going back to the 14th century. Gaspare is most noted for his renovation of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, which virtually saved it from destruction.

TGC Press Media Museum
The TGC Press Media Museum (Turkish: TGC Basın Müzesi), aka Istanbul Press Media Museum, is a history and technology museum dedicated to mass communication in Turkey featuring exhibitions about journalism. It is located in the Çemberlitaş neighborhood of Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey. Established in 1988, it is owned and operated by the Journalists Association of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti, TGC).
Adam Watson (scientist)
Adam Watson, FRSE, FRSB, FINA, FRMS, FCEH (14 April 1930 – 23 January 2019) was a Scottish biologist, ecologist and mountaineer. He was one of the most recognisable scientific figures in Scotland due to his many appearances on TV and radio. His large academic output and contributions to the understanding of the flora and fauna in Scotland and elsewhere have been internationally recognised. Dr Watson was widely acknowledged as Scotland's pre-eminent authority on the Cairngorms mountain range.

John Muir Trust
The John Muir Trust (JMT) is a Scottish charity, established in 1983 to conserve wild land and wild places for the benefit of all. The Trust runs an environmental award scheme, manages several estates, mainly in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and campaigns for better protection of wild land.
Dering v Uris
Dering v Uris and Others was a 1964 English libel suit brought by Polish-born Wladislaw Dering against the American writer Leon Uris. It was described at the time as the first war crimes trial held in Britain.

Dering alleged that Uris had libelled him in a footnote in his novel Exodus, which described his participation in medical experiments in Auschwitz concentration camp during the Holocaust. The case was tried in the High Court of Justice before Mr Justice Lawton and a jury between April and May 1964. On 6 May, the jury returned a verdict for Dering, but awarded him contemptuous damages of one halfpenny, the smallest coin in the currency. As a result, Dering became liable for the defendants' legal costs.

The trial attracted wide media coverage. In particular, The Times provided extensive coverage of the case, printing large portions of the testimony presented in court. Uris's novel QB VII and its 1974 miniseries adaptation are loosely based on this case.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
The Journey Home: Autobiography of an American Swami
The Journey Home: Autobiography of an American Swami is a 2008 auto-biographical account of a young nineteen-year-old boy, Richard Slavin's journey from the suburbs of Chicago to the caves of the Himalayas and through this, his transformation  to being Radhanath Swami, one of India's most respected spiritual leaders and an ISKCON figure. Mystic yogi's, gurus and an epic quest through spiritual India, is a concise description of this memoir. Within his autobiography, Radhanth Swami is seeming to weave a colorful tapestry of adventure, mysticism and love.

Radhanath Swami
Radhanath Swami (IAST: Rādhānātha Svāmī) (born 7 December 1950) is a Gaudiya Vaishnava guru and author. He has been a Bhakti Yoga practitioner and a spiritual teacher for more than 50 years. He is the inspiration behind ISKCON's free midday meal for 1.2 million school kids across India, and he has been instrumental in founding the Bhaktivedanta Hospital in Mumbai. He works largely from Mumbai and travels extensively throughout Europe and America. In the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), he serves as a member of the Governing Body Commission. Steven J. Rosen described Radhanath Swami as a "saintly person respected by the mass of ISKCON devotees today."
Christopher Robin
Christopher Robin is a character created by A. A. Milne, based on his son Christopher Robin Milne. The character appears in the author's popular books of poetry and Winnie-the-Pooh stories, and has subsequently appeared in various Disney adaptations of the Pooh stories.

Winnie the Pooh (franchise)
Winnie the Pooh is a media franchise produced by The Walt Disney Company, based on A. A. Milne and E. H. Shepard's stories featuring Winnie-the-Pooh. It started in 1966 with the theatrical release of the short Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree.

The tone, action, and plot of the franchise is made much softer and slower than that of any other Disney animated franchise, in order for it to appeal to a more preschool-oriented audience. It is the third highest-grossing media franchise of all time.
Ben M'Sik European Cemetery
The Ben M'Sik European Cemetery is a cemetery in Casablanca, Morocco and is described as "a very large civilian cemetery...approximately 6 kilometres from Casablanca town centre".

Ben M'Sik European Cemetery contains 38 Commonwealth burials of the Second World War. The Commonwealth plot also contains two war graves of other nationalities and seven non-war burials. Among the latter is the grave of Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, who held a number of commands during the Second World War. He died in 1981 at the age of 96, and is buried alongside Galley Boy Raymond Steed, who at 14 years of age was the second youngest known Commonwealth casualty of the Second World War.

Raymond Steed
Raymond Victor Steed (1 October 1928 – 26 April 1943) was the second youngest British services recruit to die during the Second World War. He was just 14 years and 207 days old when the ship on which he was a galley boy, SS Empire Morn, was blown up after it hit a U-boat mine on 26 April 1943. He was previously described by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission as "the youngest known British services death," but this was revised in February 2010, when it was confirmed Reginald Earnshaw was actually younger, at 14 years and 151 days.
Urawa-shuku
Urawa-shuku (浦和宿, Urawa-shuku) was the third of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō. It is located in Urawa-ku in the present-day city of Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Its stone ruins can be found 300 meters from Tsuki Shrine (調神社 Tsuki Jinja). Presently, there is a flea market that takes place on the fourth Saturday of every month in Urawa-shuku's Tsuki Shrine.

Urawa-ku, Saitama
Urawa (浦和区, Urawa-ku) is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Located in the northeast of the city, Urawa is the governmental center of Saitama and houses most of the city's administrative offices including the city hall, as well as the offices of Saitama Prefectural government. Also, there are several newspaper branch offices and three broadcasting stations.
Syzygy (novel)
Syzygy is a 1981 novel by Frederik Pohl. It was inspired by the non-fiction work, The Jupiter Effect by John Gribbin and Stephen Plagemann, in which an alignment of the planets of the Solar System in March 1982 was predicted as possibly causing disasters on Earth, including a large earthquake in California, by its effect on the solar wind.  The prediction did not come to pass, the theory was debunked, and Gribbin himself announced that he regretted publishing it.

The Jupiter Effect
The Jupiter Effect is a 1974 book by John Gribbin and Stephen Plagemann, in which the authors predicted that an alignment of the planets of the Solar System would create a number of catastrophes, including a great earthquake on the San Andreas Fault, on March 10, 1982. The book became a best-seller.  The predicted catastrophes did not occur.
If I Had Words
"If I Had Words" is a duet by Scott Fitzgerald and Yvonne Keeley, released as a single in November 1977. It was a top-ten hit in several countries and sold more than one million copies worldwide. The backing was by the St Thomas More Roman Catholic School Choir in London.

Scott Fitzgerald (singer)
Scott Fitzgerald (born William McPhail; 28 April 1948) is a Scottish singer and musical actor, who experienced international music chart success in the 1970s and later represented the UK at the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where he finished second, only one point behind Celine Dion.
Not My Mama's Meals
Not My Mama's Meals is a Cooking Channel series hosted by Bobby Deen, which debuted on January 4, 2012. In the series, Bobby Deen takes inspiration from his mother Paula Deen's recipes, reworking them into healthier versions reducing fat and calorie content.  Clips from Paula Deen's various Food Network series are commonly shown with limited nutritional information to contrast with that of Bobby Deen's preparation, which is filmed on location at his New York City apartment.  Paula Deen appears on the show as well, typically from her Savannah home, trying samples of her son's reworked dishes.

Bobby Deen
Robert Earl Deen (born April 28, 1970) is an American television chef, TV personality, and restaurant manager.

He is the second son of Paula Deen, and with his brother Jamie, he operated her restaurant the Lady & Sons, in Savannah, Georgia, until it closed, on July 31, 2025. He also frequently appeared on her shows Paula's Home Cooking and Paula's Party.
Salim Rashid Suri
Salim Rashid Suri (Arabic: سالم راشد الصوري; between 1910 and 1912, Sur, Oman – 1979, Sur, Oman) was a 20th-century ṣawt singer and oud player from Oman. He is particularly associated with the ṣawt genre called Ṣawt al-Khaleej ("Voice of the Gulf").

Sur, Oman
Sur (Arabic: صُوْر, romanized: Ṣūr) is the capital city of Ash Sharqiyah South Governorate, and the former capital of Ash Sharqiyah Region in northeastern Oman, on the coast of the Gulf of Oman. It is located about 203 km (126 miles) southeast of the Omani capital Muscat. Historically, the city has been an important port connecting the Gulf and the Indian subcontinent via the Arabian Sea since as early as 16th century.
Battle of Montebello (1800)
The Battle of Montebello (9 June 1800) was fought near Montebello in Lombardy between a French force under General of Division (GD) Jean Lannes and an Austrian force led by Feldmarschall-Leutnant (FML) Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz. The action occurred in the Marengo campaign during the War of the Second Coalition. During the lead-up to the Battle of Marengo, the vanguard of the French army in Italy engaged and defeated an Austrian force in a "glorious victory".

Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz
Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz (1738 – 10 May 1809) was a military officer in the armies of the Habsburg monarchy. Of Hungarian origin, Ott fought in the wars against the Kingdom of Prussia, Ottoman Turkey, and the First French Republic in the last half of the 18th century. During the French Revolutionary Wars, he rose in rank to general officer and twice campaigned against the army of Napoleon Bonaparte in Italy. He played a key role in the Marengo campaign in 1800. He was Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian Hussar regiment from 1801 to 1809.
Ruth Weiss (writer)
Ruth Weiss (née Löwenthal; 26 July 1924 – 5 September 2025) was a German-born South African journalist and writer who focused on anti-racism in all its forms. She grew up as a Jew in Germany, emigrating to South Africa in 1936 where she became a self-taught journalist alongside her future husband. She was a well-known anti-apartheid journalist and activist, exiled by South Africa and Rhodesia for her writings. She worked in London for The Guardian, in Germany for Deutsche Welle, and in Zimbabwe, writing in both English and German. She finally lived in Denmark. Her historical fiction books for young adults and her memoirs reflect her battles against racism in Germany and Africa.

Fürth
Fürth (German: [fʏʁt] ⓘ; East Franconian: Färdd; ) is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, in the administrative division (Regierungsbezirk) of Middle Franconia.

It is the second-largest city in Franconia and now contiguous with the larger city of Nuremberg, the centres of the two cities being only seven km (4.3 mi) apart.

The city forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring cities of Nuremberg, Erlangen and Schwabach, which is the heart of an urban area region with around 1.4 million inhabitants, while the larger Nuremberg Metropolitan Region has a population of approximately 3.6 million.

Fürth celebrated its thousand-year anniversary in 2007, its first mention being on 1 November 1007.
Colin Wilson (comics)
Colin Wilson (born 31 October 1949) is a New Zealand comic book artist.

He is known for his detailed artwork which he used in 2000 AD stories like Rogue Trooper and Judge Dredd. According to Andy Diggle, the 2000 AD editor who got him back to the title in the late nineties and has worked with him since, "no one ... draws near-future military hardware like him".

Wilson has also had success in the French comics (coined "bande dessinées" – BD – in French) field, working on his own title Dans l'Ombre du Soleil, as well as having a run on the well-established Blueberry series. David Bishop, another 2000 AD editor says that Wilson is "a true rarity, a comics artist whose work has been acclaimed in America, Britain and most especially in Europe."

Tom Taylor (writer)
Tom Taylor (born 29 November 1978) is an Australian comic book writer, playwright and screenwriter. A #1 New York Times bestselling author, his work includes DC Comics series Injustice, DCeased, Nightwing, Superman, Suicide Squad, and the Marvel series All-New Wolverine, X-Men Red, Superior Iron Man and Star Wars comics.

Taylor is the co-creator, writer and executive producer of the animated series The Deep, based on his graphic novels of the same name.
Baghdad Central (TV series)
Baghdad Central is a British crime thriller television series set in Iraq and first broadcast in 2020. It was based on the 2014 novel by Elliott Colla, and adapted by Stephen Butchard. It was directed by Alice Troughton.

Alice Troughton
Alice Troughton is a British film and television director known for her work on Merlin, Doctor Who and its spin-offs Torchwood and The Sarah Jane Adventures. In 2023, she made her feature film debut with The Lesson.