hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Resident Commissioner of the Philippines
The resident commissioner of the Philippine Islands to the United States (Spanish: Comisario Residente de las Islas Filipinas a Estados Unidos) was a non-voting member of the United States House of Representatives sent by the Philippines from 1907 until its internationally recognized independence in 1946. It was similar to current non-voting members of Congress such as the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico and delegates from Washington, D.C., Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and other territories of the United States.

Like current non-voting members, resident commissioners could speak and otherwise participate in the business of the House, but did not have full voting rights. Two resident commissioners were sent until 1937, when after the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the number was changed to one.

Tydings–McDuffie Act
The Philippine Independence Act, or Tydings–McDuffie Act (Pub. L. 73–127, 48 Stat. 456, enacted March 24, 1934), is an Act of Congress that established the process for the Philippines, then a US territory, to become an independent country after a ten-year transition period. Under the act, the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines was written and the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established, with the first directly elected president of the Philippines. (Direct elections to the Philippine Legislature had been held since 1907.) It also established limitations on Filipino immigration to the United States.

The act was authored in the 73rd United States Congress by Senator Millard Tydings (Dem.) of Maryland and Representative John McDuffie (Dem.) of Alabama, and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Football in Tonga
The sport of football in the country of Tonga is run by the Tonga Football Association. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Tonga Major League.

The Tonga national football team has had limited success internationally.

Tonga national football team
The Tonga men's national football team (Tongan: timi soka fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in men's international football and is controlled by the Tonga Football Association, which is a part of the Oceania Football Confederation.
Kajsa Kling
Kajsa Britta Kling (born 25 December 1988) is a retired World Cup alpine ski racer from Sweden.

Born in Åre, Kling competed in all five alpine disciplines. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, she finished 26th in the giant slalom.  On 28 December 2010, Kling crashed during a giant slalom race in Semmering, Austria, which ended her 2011 season.

On 14 December 2013, Kling attained her first World Cup podium, placing second in a Super-G race in St. Moritz, Switzerland.

Ahead of the 2017/18 season, it was announced that Kling would take a break from World Cup racing because of depression. Kling set no target for a return at the time. In August 2018, Kling announced her decision not to return to the World Cup and retire from active competition.

Super-G
Super giant slalom, or super-G, is a racing discipline of alpine skiing. Along with the faster downhill, it is regarded as a "speed" event, in contrast to the technical events giant slalom and slalom. It debuted as an official World Cup event during the 1983 season and was added to the official schedule of the World Championships in 1987 and the Winter Olympics in 1988.

Much like downhill, a super-G course consists of widely set gates that racers must pass through. The course is set so that skiers must turn more than in downhill, though the speeds are still much higher than in giant slalom (hence the name). Each athlete only has one run to clock the best time. In the Olympics, super-G courses are usually set on the same slopes as the downhill, but with a lower starting point.
Tom Kurvers
Thomas James Kurvers (September 14, 1962 – June 21, 2021) was an American professional ice hockey defenseman in the National Hockey League (NHL). He spent eleven seasons in the NHL between 1984 and 1995. He won the 1984 Hobey Baker award as the best collegiate ice hockey player, and won the Stanley Cup with the Montreal Canadiens in 1986. After his playing career, he was an executive for the Phoenix Coyotes, Tampa Bay Lightning and Minnesota Wild.

Hobey Baker Award
The Hobey Baker Award is an annual award given to the top National Collegiate Athletic Association men's ice hockey player. It has been awarded 44 times. It is named for Hall of Famer Hobey Baker, who played college hockey at Princeton University and died shortly after World War I.

The original statue for the award was commissioned and awarded by the Decathlon Athletic Club (now defunct) in Bloomington, Minnesota. The model for the award trophy was Steve Christoff, who played for the University of Minnesota and in the National Hockey League.
Alligator shear
An alligator shear, historically known as a lever shear and sometimes as a crocodile shear, is a metal-cutting shear with a hinged jaw, powered by a flywheel or hydraulic cylinder.  Alligator shears are generally set up as stand-alone shears; however, there are types for excavators.  The jaw size can range from 4 to 36 in (100 to 910 mm) long. They are generally used to cut ferrous members, such as rebar, pipe, angle iron, or I-beams.

Hydraulic cylinder
A hydraulic cylinder (also called a linear hydraulic motor, hydraulic actuator, or hydraulic ram) is a mechanical actuator that is used to convert fluid pressure into linear force and motion. It has many applications, notably in construction equipment (engineering vehicles), manufacturing machinery, elevators, and civil engineering. 
A hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic actuator that provides linear motion when hydraulic energy is converted into mechanical movement. It can be likened to a muscle in that, when the hydraulic system of a machine is activated, the cylinder is responsible for providing the motion.
Courtney Newbon
Courtney Newbon (born 14 September 2000) is an Australian soccer player, who is the goalkeeper for Melbourne Victory in the A-League Women. She had previously kept for Western Sydney, Perth Glory and Central Coast.

Western Sydney Wanderers FC (women)
Western Sydney Wanderers Football Club is an Australian women's football club based in the western region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Founded in 2012, it is the affiliated women's team of the A-League Men team Western Sydney Wanderers. The team currently competes in the A-League Women, the top tier of women's soccer in Australia.
Sioned Harries
Sioned Harries (born 22 November 1989) is a former Welsh rugby union player who played back row for the Whitland RFC/Scarlets and the Wales women's national rugby union team. She won her first international cap against Australia in the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup.

Wales women's national rugby union team
The Wales women's national rugby union team first played in 1987. Wales plays in the Women's Rugby World Cup and the Women's Six Nations Championship. Their current head coach, as of January 2025, is Sean Lynn.
Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta season 8
The eighth season of the reality television series Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta aired on VH1 from March 25, 2019, until July 29, 2019. The season was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. It is executively produced by Mona Scott-Young and Stephanie R. Gayle for Monami Entertainment, Toby Barraud, Stefan Springman, David DiGangi, Jamail Shelton, Brian Schornak and Richard Allen for Eastern TV, and Nina L. Diaz and Vivian Gomez for VH1.

The series chronicles the lives of several women and men in the Atlanta area, involved in hip hop music. It consists of 20 episodes, including a two-part reunion special hosted by Nina Parker.

Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta
Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta is an American reality television series that premiered June 18, 2012, on VH1. The series chronicles the lives of several people in Atlanta involved with hip hop music, and features appearances from notable figures associated with Southern hip hop.

Atlanta is the second installment of the Love & Hip Hop franchise, and its longest-running spin-off. It would surpass the episode count of the original Love & Hip Hop: New York by the time of its ninth season in March 2020. In April 2023, it was announced that the series would move to MTV beginning with its eleventh season on June 13, 2023.
John Lauridsen
John Mikkelsen Lauridsen (born 2 April 1959) is a Danish retired professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder, gifted with field vision and able to shoot with both feet.

He won the Danish championship with Esbjerg, before playing eight years uninterrupted in La Liga, with Español and Málaga. He appeared in more than 250 official games for the former club, helping it reach the 1988 UEFA Cup final.

Lauridsen played 27 times for Denmark after making his debut in 1981, representing the nation at the Euro 1984.

1988 UEFA Cup final
The 1988 UEFA Cup Final was an association football tie played on 4 May 1988 and 18 May 1988 between RCD Español of Spain and Bayer Leverkusen of West Germany, to determine the champion of the 1987–88 UEFA Cup competition. Leverkusen won 3–2 on penalties after a 3–3 draw on aggregate.
Division of Chifley
The Division of Chifley is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales.

Chifley is located in outer western Sydney. It includes Rooty Hill, Doonside, Woodcroft, Dean Park, parts of Marayong and Blacktown, and all the suburbs of the Mt Druitt housing estate.

Mount Druitt
Mount Druitt is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 43 kilometres (27 mi) west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Blacktown, and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

There are numerous encompassing, smaller suburbs nearby including Bidwill, Blackett, Dharruk, Emerton, Hebersham, Lethbridge Park, Minchinbury, Shalvey, Tregear, Whalan, and Willmot.
Hainer Hill
Hainer Hill (born Heinrich Hill; 28 July 1913 – 20 August 2001) was a German scenic designer, costume designer, painter, graphic artist and theatre photographer who was based in Berlin and worked internationally. After studying painting in Frankfurt, he worked at the Oper Frankfurt, assisting Caspar Neher. Together they moved to Brecht's Berliner Ensemble where Hill created an iconic stage for Mutter Courage and took hundreds of scene photographs now archived at the Akademie der Künste. When the Berlin Wall was erected, Hill, who lived in the West and had worked in the East, began to work freelance, including at the Royal Opera House. In 1966 he became director of scenery (Ausstattunggsleiter) at Opernhaus Dortmund, and there he created the stage for the world premiere of Eli by Walter Steffens, which was followed by 45 other productions. Hill is best remembered for his focus on light projection.

Caspar Neher
Caspar Neher (born Rudolf Ludwig Caspar Neher; 11 April 1897 – 30 June 1962) was an Austrian-German scenographer and librettist, known principally for his career-long working relationship with Bertolt Brecht.

Neher was born in Augsburg. He and Brecht were school friends who were separated for a time by the First World War, during which Neher was awarded the Iron Cross, Second Class (on 2 February 1918). In 1919, he studied under Angelo Jank at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. He was first engaged professionally by the Munich Kammerspiele in 1922, although his designs for its production of Brecht's Drums in the Night were rejected. On 18 August 1923, Neher married Erika Tornquist in Graz. Their son, Georg, was born on 14 October 1924. In autumn of 1926, Neher became the staff designer at the Berlin Staatstheater. A year later, he became head of design at the Grillo-Theater in Essen, Germany, where he designed 8 operas and 11 plays. He died in Vienna.
William Devereux (1219–1265)
William Devereux (1219–1265) was an important Marcher Lord who held Lyonshall Castle controlling a strategically vital approach to the border of Wales.  The castle's significance was heightened by the rebellion of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales. With strong family ties to the politically powerful families of Cantilupe and Giffard, his support was strongly sought after by Henry III and Simon de Montfort throughout the Second Barons' War.

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (died 11 December 1282), also known as Llywelyn II and Llywelyn the Last (Welsh: Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf), was Prince of Gwynedd from 1255 to 1282. After successful campaigns across Wales in 1257, Llywelyn proclaimed himself Prince of Wales in 1258, and was recognised as such by Henry III of England in 1267 as part of the Treaty of Montgomery. He remained in this position even after his humbling by Edward I of England in the 1277 Treaty of Aberconwy, remaining Prince of Wales in name until his killing at Cilmeri in 1282, one of the final events in Edward's conquest of Wales.
Rhinestone (soundtrack)
Rhinestone is the soundtrack album from the 1984 film of the same name starring Dolly Parton and Sylvester Stallone. It was released on June 18, 1984, by RCA Victor. The album was produced  by Mike Post and Parton. It peaked at number 22 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and number 135 on the Billboard 200. The Dolly Parton-composed soundtrack produced two top ten singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart: "Tennessee Homesick Blues" and "God Won't Get You", which peaked at numbers one and ten, respectively.

Rhinestone (film)
Rhinestone is a 1984 American musical comedy film directed by Bob Clark from a screenplay by Sylvester Stallone and Phil Alden Robinson and starring Stallone, Dolly Parton, Richard Farnsworth and Ron Leibman. It is based on the 1975 hit song "Rhinestone Cowboy" written by Larry Weiss. Although a critical and financial failure, the film spawned two top 10 country hits for Parton on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.
Diaspora literacy
Diaspora literacy is a phrase coined by literary scholar Vévé Clark in her work "Developing Diaspora Literacy and Marasa Consciousness" (Spillers:1991, 40–60).  It is the ability to understand and/or interpret the multi-layered meanings of stories, words, and other folk sayings within any given community of the African diaspora. These meanings supersede those of "...Western or westernized signification" (42), meaning that they go beyond literal or typical literary interpretation into an area of folk understanding that could only be recognized by the eye skilled in such an understanding. Readers rely solely upon a knowledge and lived experience of social, historical, and cultural climates of the various cultures of the African diaspora as a foundation for interpretation.

Hortense Spillers
Hortense J. Spillers (born April 24, 1942) is an American literary critic, Black Feminist scholar and the Gertrude Conaway Vanderbilt Professor at Vanderbilt University. A scholar of the African diaspora, Spillers is known for her essays on African-American literature, collected in Black, White, and In Color: Essays on American Literature and Culture, published by the University of Chicago Press in 2003, and Comparative American Identities: Race, Sex, and Nationality in the Modern Text, a collection edited by Spillers published by Routledge in 1991.
1960 Massachusetts elections
A Massachusetts general election was held on November 8, 1960, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

The election included:

statewide elections for United States Senator, Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Treasurer, and Auditor;

district elections for U.S. Representatives, State Representatives, State Senators, and Governor's Councillors; and

ballot questions at the state and local levels.

Democratic and Republican candidates were selected in party primaries held on September 13, 1960.

Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts
The treasurer and receiver-general of Massachusetts is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Originally appointed under authority of the English Crown pursuant to the Charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company, the office of treasurer and receiver-general (commonly called the "state treasurer") became an elective one in 1780. Sixty-one individuals have occupied the office of state treasurer over the ensuing centuries. The incumbent is Deb Goldberg, a Democrat who took office January 21, 2015.
Mondli Makhanya
Mondli Makhanya is a South African journalist who has been editor-in-chief of City Press since 2016. He was formerly the editor of the Mail & Guardian from 2002 to 2003, the editor of the Sunday Times from 2004 to 2010, and the editor-in-chief at the Times Media Group from 2010 to 2013. He is also a former chairperson of the South African National Editors' Forum. He is well known for his political commentary, currently published in City Press columns.

Arena Holdings
Arena Holdings, formerly known as Tiso Blackstar Group, Johnnic Communications, Avusa and the Times Media Group, is a South African media company based in Johannesburg, South Africa. It publishes several major South African newspapers, including the Sunday Times, Business Day, Financial Mail, Herald, Sowetan and Daily Dispatch. It acquired its current name in 2019 when it was acquired by Lebashe Investment Group, the current owner of the company.
Nuzzle and Scratch
Nuzzle and Scratch is a British children's television programme, shown on CBeebies from 1 September 2008, that ran for three series with two spin offs up to 4 March 2011. The show also aired on the international CBeebies channels in Poland and Australia. They showed two spin offs, Hoof And Safety, and Frock And Roll. The show aired on CBeebies in the UK.

It stars two eponymous puppet alpacas created and developed by Barry Quinn and Alan Robinson and written by various writers.

CBeebies
CBeebies is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content targeted for children aged six years and under. Its sister channel, CBBC, is intended for older children aged six to twelve. It broadcasts every day from 6:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Four.
Andreas Jonsson
Andreas Karl Rune Jonsson (born 3 September 1980 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish former international motorcycle speedway rider. He was a member of the Sweden speedway team that won the World Cup in 2003, 2004 and 2015. He earned 26 caps for the Sweden national speedway team.

Speedway World Cup
The Speedway World Cup is a motorcycle speedway event for national teams held in different countries. The first edition of the competition in the current format was held in 2001 and replaced the old World Team Cup which ran from 1960 until 2000. The competition was held annually until 2017 when it was replaced by the Speedway of Nations pairs event. The Speedway World Cup returned in 2023 and will be held every three years.
John Geesnell Yap
John Geesnell Lim Yap II (born October 16, 1977), popularly known as Baba Yap, is a Filipino politician who has been  the representative for Bohol's first district in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 2025. He was previously the mayor of Tagbilaran, Bohol from 2013 to 2022 until he was succeeded by his wife Jane Yap.

Tagbilaran
Tagbilaran, officially the City of Tagbilaran (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Tagbilaran; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tagbilaran), is a  component city and capital of the province of Bohol, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 106,120 people making it the most populous in the province.

Tagbilaran is the principal gateway to Bohol, 630 km (390 mi) southeast of the national capital of Manila and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital, Cebu City.
Beyond London Lights
Beyond London Lights is a lost 1928 American silent drama film directed by Tom Terriss and starring Adrienne Dore, Lee Shumway, and Bill Elliott. It is based on John Joy Bell's 1917 novel Kitty Carstairs, and is sometimes referred to by that title. It was made by Film Booking Offices of America.

Wild Bill Elliott
Wild Bill Elliott (born Gordon Nance, October 16, 1904 – November 26, 1965) was an American film actor. He specialized in playing the rugged heroes of B Westerns, particularly the Red Ryder series of films.
James Hogan (historian)
James Hogan (16 October 1898 – 24 October 1963) was an Irish revolutionary, historian, and political scientist. Educated at Clongowes Wood College and University College Dublin, Hogan joined the Dublin Brigade of the Irish Volunteers in 1915 and later fought in the War of Irish Independence while also becoming a figure in the academic world, securing a chair of history at University College Cork. He supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty and served in military roles during the Irish Civil War before returning to academia. A founding member of the Irish Manuscripts Commission, Hogan was also active in politics, briefly aligning with the Blueshirts and Fine Gael, though he later distanced himself from party politics. His scholarly work spanned early modern and medieval Irish history, as well as modern political thought, and he remained a prominent advocate for high academic standards throughout his career.

Blueshirts
The Army Comrades Association (ACA), later the National Guard, Young Ireland and finally League of Youth, known by the nickname the Blueshirts (Irish: Na Léinte Gorma), was a far-right paramilitary organisation in the Irish Free State, founded in 1932. The group provided physical protection for political groups such as Cumann na nGaedheal from intimidation and attacks by the IRA. Some former members went on to fight for the Francoist faction in the Spanish Civil War.

Most of the political parties whose meetings the Blueshirts protected merged to become Fine Gael, and members of that party are still sometimes nicknamed "Blueshirts".

There has been debate in Irish historiography over whether or not it was accurate to describe the Blueshirts' ideology as fascism sensu stricto due to their stated preference that the Irish state remain a democracy.
Saint Mary's Gaels football
For information on all Saint Mary's College of California sports, see Saint Mary's Gaels

The Saint Mary's Gaels football program was the intercollegiate American football team for Saint Mary's College of California in Moraga, California.

Saint Mary's College of California
Saint Mary's College of California is a private Catholic college in Moraga, California, United States. Established in 1863, it is administered by the De La Salle Brothers. The college offers undergraduate and graduate programs with a total student count at under 4,000 as of 2018.
None Too Soon
None Too Soon is the ninth studio album by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, released on 24 September 1996 by Polydor Records (Japan), JMS–Cream Records (Europe) and Restless Records (United States); a remastered edition was reissued on 17 April 2012 through MoonJune Records.

In a slight departure from Holdsworth's usual solo work, the album is composed mainly of jazz standard interpretations, as well as two original pieces written by pianist and longtime collaborator Gordon Beck. Both musicians had previously worked together on the albums Sunbird (1979), The Things You See (1980) and With a Heart in My Song (1988). The rhythm section are bassist Gary Willis and drummer Kirk Covington, both of fusion band Tribal Tech.

Remaster
A remaster is a change in the sound or image quality of previously created forms of media, whether audiophonic, cinematic, or videographic. The resulting product is said to be remastered. The terms digital remastering and digitally remastered are also used.

In a wider sense, remastering a product may involve other, typically smaller inclusions or changes to the content itself. They tend to be distinguished from remakes, based on the original.