hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dogfights (TV series)
Dogfights is a military aviation themed television series depicting historical re-enactments of air-to-air combat that took place in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, as well as smaller conflicts such as the Gulf War and the Six-Day War. The program consists of former fighter pilots sharing their stories of actual dogfights in which they took part, combined with computer-generated imagery (CGI) to give the viewer a better perspective of what it is like to engage in aerial combat.

Dogfight
A dogfight, or dog fight, is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft that is conducted at close range. Modern terminology for air-to-air combat is air combat manoeuvring (ACM), which refers to tactical situations requiring the use of individual basic fighter maneuvers (BFM) to attack or evade one or more opponents. This differs from aerial warfare, which deals with the strategy involved in planning and executing various missions.

Dogfighting first occurred during the Mexican Revolution in 1913, shortly after the invention of the airplane. It was a component of every major war after that, though with steadily declining frequency, until the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Since then, longer-range weapons such as beyond-visual-range missiles have made dogfighting largely obsolete.
UCSF Parnassus station
UCSF Parnassus station is a pair of light rail stops on the Muni Metro N Judah line, located in the Inner Sunset neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The stops are located at Irving and 2nd Avenue in the westbound direction and Irving and Arguello in the eastbound direction. They opened with the N Judah line on October 21, 1928. They are the primary stop for the Parnassus campus of the University of California, San Francisco.

The inbound stop has a long bulb-out serving as the platform, with a shelter and handicapped-accessible mini-high platform at the eastern end. The outbound stop has a shelter east of 2nd Avenue (but no bulb-out); the mini-high platform is located west of 2nd Avenue.

The stop is also served by the N Bus and N Owl bus routes, which provide service along the N Judah line during the early morning and late night hours respectively when trains do not operate.

N Judah
The N Judah is a hybrid light rail/streetcar line of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. The line is named after Judah Street that it runs along for much of its length, named after railroad engineer Theodore Judah. It links downtown San Francisco to the Cole Valley and Sunset neighborhoods. The line provides rail access to Golden Gate Park. It is the busiest line in the Muni Metro system, serving an average of 33,100 weekday passengers in June 2025. It was one of San Francisco's streetcar lines, beginning operation in 1928, and was partially converted to modern light-rail operation with the opening of the Muni Metro system in 1980. While many streetcar lines were converted to bus lines after World War II, the N Judah remained a streetcar line due to its use of the Sunset Tunnel.
Walnut Run (Broad Run)
Walnut Run is a small tributary of Broad Run in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The stream flows through the rural and suburban landscape of New Garden Township and London Britain Township before joining Broad Run upstream of its confluence with the White Clay Creek.

The headwaters of Walnut Run rise in gently sloping terrain north of the Pennsylvania–Delaware state line. The stream flows generally southward through agricultural lands, woodlots, and residential areas. Near its lower course, Walnut Run passes through portions of the White Clay Creek Preserve shortly before entering Broad Run.

Walnut Run is part of the greater White Clay watershed, which has been designated as a component of the National Wild and Scenic River due to its ecological and historical significance. Although Walnut Run itself is not individually designated, it contributes to the hydrology and ecological quality of the protected system.

White Clay Creek
White Clay Creek is an 18.5-mile-long (29.8 km) tributary of the Christina River in southern Pennsylvania and northern Delaware in the United States. It is renowned for its scenic character and is largely federally protected.

The 107-square-mile (280 km2) White Clay Creek watershed is home to nearly 100,000 people and includes parts of Chester County, Pennsylvania and New Castle County, Delaware. The Pennsylvania portion still retains a rural character while the Delaware portion is more suburbanized. Sediment eroded from the rolling hills of Chester County is carried into the White Clay, probably accounting for the creek's name.

The majority of the stream is in the Piedmont region which is characterized by rolling hills, plateaus, and stream valleys. The southern portion of the stream, near Newark is in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, a relatively flat area that is dotted with large tidal wetlands. The White Clay Creek empties into the Christina River at Churchman's Marsh.
Aarsdale
Aarsdale (also: Årsdale) is a village on the eastern coast of the Baltic island of Bornholm, Denmark. Located between Svaneke and Nexø, it has a population of 266 (1 January 2025). Once a prosperous fishing village, its economy now relies mainly on tourism thanks to its half-timbered houses, its harbour and its windmill.

Nexø
Nexø, sometimes spelled Neksø, is a town on the east coast of the Baltic island of Bornholm, Denmark. With a population of 3,657 (as of 1 January 2025), it is the second largest town, as well as the largest fishing port on the island. Fishing was previously the mainstay of the town's economy. Nexø is also the site of a distillery (Bornholmske Spiritfabrik ApS) and a mustard factory (Bornholmersennep ApS). The town is also a port of call for the passenger ferries linking Bornholm with Kołobrzeg in Poland. Dueodde, the largest beach on Bornholm, is located south of Nexø, in the southeastern corner of the island.
Runcinated 16-cell honeycomb
In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the runcinated 16-cell honeycomb is a uniform space-filling honeycomb. It can be seen as a runcination of the regular 16-cell honeycomb, containing Rectified 24-cell, runcinated tesseract, cuboctahedral prism, and 3-3 duoprism cells.

16-cell honeycomb
In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the 16-cell honeycomb is one of the three regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs), represented by Schläfli symbol {3,3,4,3}, and constructed by a 4-dimensional packing of  16-cell facets, three around every (triangular) face.

Its dual is the 24-cell honeycomb. Its vertex figure is a 24-cell. The vertex arrangement is called the B4, D4, or F4 lattice.
Billy Reid (fashion designer)
Billy Reid (born June 13, 1964) is an American fashion designer based in Florence, Alabama. His line includes menswear, womenswear, accessories and eyewear. His clothing, self-described as "lived-in luxury" and "broken-in luxury", is known for its unusual accents and Southern influence. Reid summarizes his brand's concept as "American luxury built to last". Billy Reid, Marc Jacobs, Tom Ford, and Michael Kors are the only fashion designers who have won 3 or more CFDA Awards.

Tom Ford
Thomas Carlyle Ford (born August 27, 1961) is an American fashion designer and filmmaker. He launched his eponymous fashion brand in 2005, having previously been the creative director at Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent. He wrote and directed the films A Single Man (2009) and Nocturnal Animals (2016), and served as chairman of the Council of Fashion Designers of America from 2019 to 2022.
Vartholomio–Loutra Kyllinis railway
The Vartholomio – Loutra Kyllinis railway line (Greek: Σιδηροδρομική Γραμμή Βαρθολομιού – Λουτρών Κυλλήνης) was a meter gauge railway line of the Piraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways (SPAP). It branched off the Kavasila–Kyllini railway line at the railway station of Vartholomio, 1 km north of the town at km 5.895 of that line.

The Vartholomio – Loutra Kyllinis line was opened on June 1, 1892. Its construction coincided with the start of the exploitation of the hot springs at Loutra Kyllinis (the name means "Kyllini baths") by the SPAP, which constructed spa facilities, hotels and parks there. The line was shut down in 1969.

The line was first known as the Vartholomio–Lintzi line, as Loutra Kyllinis was previously known by the name of Lintzi.

Kastro-Kyllini
Kastro-Kyllini (Greek: Κάστρο-Κυλλήνη) is a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Andravida-Kyllini, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 49.322 km2. The population was 3,272 in 2021. The municipality Kastro-Kyllini was created in 1999 as part of the Kapodistrias reform from the formerly independent communities Kyllini, Kato Panagia, Kastro and Neochori, that became municipal districts. After the 2011 Kallikratis reform, these municipal districts became (dependent) communities. Its seat of administration was the small port town of Kyllini.
National Museum metro station
National Museum (Arabic: المتحف الوطني) is a rapid transit station that currently serves the Blue and Green Lines of Riyadh Metro in the Al-Futah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located next to the King Abdulaziz Historical Center. It covers an area of 72000 square meters.

It precedes the Al-Bat'ha station and succeeds the Passport Department station on the Blue Line whereas comes after the Ministry of Finance station on the Green Line.

The station's external envelope is designed to replicate Saudi Arabia' mountainous region, with a unique double skin facade, internal blue panels replicating the sky and external concrete panels through which the blue can be seen, to represent the mountains, the station is unique in that it also has a new bus terminal adjacent, the design of which is to replicate a Bedouin tent.

The station was temporarily excluded from operation following the opening of Green and Red lines on 15 December 2024.

Line 1 (Riyadh Metro)
The Blue Line (Arabic: المسار الأزرق) or Line 1 is one of the six lines of the Riyadh Metro network in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It runs in a north–south direction along Olaya and Batha Streets, starting just north of King Salman Bin Abdul Aziz Street and ending at Dar Al-Baida Sports Ground in the south. There are 25 stations and 4 interchange stations on the line, spanning from SABB to Ad Dar Al-Baida, covering 38 km.
Kingsbarns Golf Links
Kingsbarns Golf Links is a seaside Scottish links golf course along 1.8 miles of shoreline near St Andrews, Scotland. It opened in 2000 and has been rated as one of the best courses in Scotland. It has also been ranked as one of the top 100 courses in the world, and received numerous media and industry awards.

The course was designed by Kyle Phillips and the original developers were Mark Parsinen (1948-2019) and Art Dunkley. Dunkley retains ownership of the golf course following Parsinen’s departure in 2005.

Since 2001, Kingsbarns has co-hosted the Alfred Dunhill Links Championship, which is a European Tour pro-am event that is also played at The Old Course and Carnoustie Golf Links.  In July 2017, Kingsbarns hosted the Ricoh Women’s British Open.

Old Course at St Andrews
The Old Course at St Andrews, also known as the Old Lady or the Grand Old Lady, is considered the oldest golf course in the world. It is a public course over common land in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, and is held in trust by the St Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliament. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews clubhouse sits adjacent to the first tee, although it is but one of many clubs (St Andrews Golf Club, the New Golf Club, St Regulus Ladies Golf Club and the St Rule Club are the others with clubhouses) that have playing privileges on the course, along with some other non-clubhouse owning golf clubs and the general public. Originally known as the "golfing grounds" of St Andrews, it was not until the New Course was opened in 1895 that it became known as the Old Course.
Envelope (radar)
Radar envelope is a critical Measure of Performance (MOP) identified in the Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP). This is the volume of space where a radar system is required to reliably detect an object with a specific size and speed. This is one of the requirements that must be evaluated as part of the acceptance testing process.

Radar systems have natural deficiencies because the laws of physics create performance constraints that cannot be altered. The ambiguity function associated with pulse compression and scalloping associated with moving target indication are two examples.

Complete coverage requires radar at multiple locations and multiple different kinds of radar.

Radar scalloping
Scalloping is a radar phenomenon that reduces sensitivity for certain distance and velocity combinations.

The name is derived from the appearance of areas that are scooped out of graphs that indicate radar sensitivity.

Moving objects cause a phase-shift within the transmit pulse that produces signal cancellation. This phenomenon also has detrimental effects on moving target indicator systems, where the detection scheme subtracts signals received from two or more transmit pulses.
Don Orsillo
Don Orsillo (born December 16, 1968) is an American sportscaster who is the play-by-play announcer for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is also an announcer for MLB on TBS and MLB on Fox. Orsillo was the play-by-play announcer for the Boston Red Sox on NESN from 2001 to 2015; he was hired by the Padres to replace Dick Enberg upon his retirement at the end of the 2016 season.

Dick Enberg
Richard Alan Enberg (January 9, 1935 – December 21, 2017) was an American sportscaster. Over the course of an approximately 60-year career, he provided play-by-play of various sports for several radio and television networks, including NBC (1975–1999), CBS (2000–2014), and ESPN (2004–2011), as well as for individual teams, such as UCLA Bruins basketball, Los Angeles Rams football, and California Angels and San Diego Padres baseball.

Enberg was well known for his signature on-air catchphrases "Touch 'em all" (for home runs) and "Oh, my!" (for particularly exciting and outstanding athletic plays). He also announced or hosted the Tournament of Roses Parade for many years, sometimes with the help of family members. Enberg retired from broadcasting in 2016, after seven seasons as the Padres' primary television announcer.
Meerkat National Park
Meerkat National Park is a large National Park in the Northern Cape, South Africa, that encompasses the Square Kilometre Array's MeerKAT, PAPER and HERA telescopes.

The park only allows visitors on preselect days during the year.

South African National Parks
South African National Parks (SANParks) is the body responsible for managing South Africa's national parks. SANParks was formed in 1926, and currently manages 19 parks consisting of 37,511.13 km2 (14,483.13 sq mi), over 3% of the total area of South Africa.

Many parks offer a variety of accommodations. The best-known park is Kruger National Park, which is also the oldest (proclaimed in 1898), and the largest, at nearly 20,000 km2 (7,700 sq mi). Kruger National Park and Table Mountain National Park are two of South Africa's most visited tourist attractions.

Though not designated as National Parks, other protected areas exist, such as game and nature reserves.
Balloon (2018 film)
Balloon (German: Ballon) is a 2018 German thriller drama film directed by Michael Herbig. The film depicts the crossing of the Inner German border by the Strelzyk and Wetzel families from the GDR to West Germany with a self-made hot-air balloon in 1979. The two families, including four children, successfully floated across the sky from Pößneck, Thuringia to Naila, Bavaria, then situated 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the Iron Curtain. They reached a height of 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) in the homemade balloon.

Before making the film, Herbig was allowed to inspect the thousands of pages thick file about the balloon flight belonging to the Stasi, the former secret service of the GDR. However, the film is generally seen as a thrilling action film and, according to some reviewers, lacks historical depth. Another film about the successful escape was released by Disney in 1982, during the Cold War, under the title Night Crossing.

Night Crossing
Night Crossing is a 1982 thriller drama film starring John Hurt, Jane Alexander and Beau Bridges. The film is based on the true story of the Strelzyk and Wetzel families who, on September 16, 1979, escaped from East Germany to West Germany in a homemade hot-air balloon during the Inner German border-era, when emigration to West Germany was strictly prohibited by the East German government. It was the final theatrical film directed by Delbert Mann and the last in which Kay Walsh appeared before retiring. It was also the final film from Walt Disney Productions to be recorded by RCA Photophone, which was first introduced in the Silly Symphonies animated Disney short film Santa's Workshop (1932).
West Auckland railway station
West Auckland railway station served the villages of St Helen Auckland and West Auckland in County Durham, England, between 1833 and 1962. It was on the railway line between Bishop Auckland and Barnard Castle. There was a locomotive depot, which was the only one to be both closed completely and later reopened by the London and North Eastern Railway.

Bishop Auckland railway station
Bishop Auckland is a railway station that serves the market town of Bishop Auckland in County Durham, North East England, 11 miles 77 chains (19.3 km) north-west of Darlington. The station is the Western terminus of the Tees Valley Line, which links it to Saltburn via Darlington. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
Papahānaumoku
In the religion and mythology of the ancient Hawaiians, Papahānaumoku  (pronounced [ˈpɐpəˈhaːnɐwˈmoku]) — often simply called Papa — is a goddess and the Earth Mother. She is mentioned in the chants as the consort of the sky god Wākea. Their daughter is beautiful goddess Hoʻohōkūkalani, the main character of one myth. Papa is still worshipped by some Hawaiians, especially by women, as a primordial force of creation who has the power to give life and to heal. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument was renamed in 2007 to the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, in honour of Papa.

Mother Nature
Mother Nature (sometimes known as Mother Earth or the Earth Mother) is a personification of nature that focuses on the life-giving and nurturing aspects of nature by embodying it, in the form of a mother or mother goddess.
Oscar McDonald
Oscar McDonald (born 18 March 1996) is a professional Australian rules footballer for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL), having previously played for Carlton and Melbourne. McDonald has played the majority of his career as defender. Whilst at Melbourne, he played alongside his brother Tom.

Tom McDonald (Australian footballer)
Thomas McDonald (born 18 September 1992) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). 1.95 metres (6 ft 5 in) tall and weighing 101 kilograms (223 lb), McDonald has played both forward and defence. He spent his final junior year playing in the TAC Cup for the North Ballarat Rebels and played top-level football when he played two matches for North Ballarat in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was recruited by the Melbourne Football Club with the fifty-third overall selection of the 2010 AFL draft and made his AFL debut during the 2011 season. His second year saw him earn a Rising Star nomination playing in Melbourne's backline, and finished sixth overall.
Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula
Rabbi Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula (Hebrew: רבי מאיר בן שלמה בן סהולה; c. 1251 – after 1335) also known as ben Sahula or ibn Sahula was a 13th-century Spanish kabbalist and Sephardic tosafist. He is known for his final commentary on Sefer Bahir, which he published under the pseudonym "Or HaGanuz" ("The Hidden Light").

Tosafot
The Tosafot, Tosafos or Tosfot (Hebrew: תוספות) are medieval commentaries on the Talmud. They take the form of critical and explanatory glosses, printed, in almost all Talmud editions, on the outer margin and opposite Rashi's notes.

The authors of the Tosafot are known as Tosafists; for a listing (see List of Tosafists.)
Phagophobia
Phagophobia is a psychogenic dysphagia, a fear of swallowing. It is expressed in various swallowing complaints without any apparent physical reason detectable by physical inspection and laboratory analyses. An obsolete term for this condition is choking phobia, but it was suggested that the latter term is confusing and it is necessary to distinguish the fear of swallowing (i.e., of the propulsion of bolus) from fear of choking.

Phagophobia is classified as a specific phobia and according to DSM-IV classification it belongs to the category of "other phobias". Phagophobia may lead to (and be confused with) fear of eating, and the subsequent malnutrition and weight loss. In milder cases a phagophobe eats only soft and liquid foods.

Pseudodysphagia
Pseudodysphagia, in its severe form, is the irrational fear of swallowing or, in its minor form, of choking. The symptoms are psychosomatic, so while the sensation of difficult swallowing feels authentic to the individual, it is not based on a real physical symptom. It is important that dysphagia (difficult or painful swallowing) be ruled out before a diagnosis of pseudodysphagia is made.

Fear of choking is associated with anxiety, depression, panic attacks, hypochondriasis, and weight loss. The condition can occur in children and adults, and is equally common in men and women. Quality of life can be severely affected.
Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa
Abd al-Qadir dan Tafa (1804 – 1863/4), also known as Dan Tafa, was a historian, theologian, philosopher, poet and jurist from the Sokoto caliphate. He was considered the "most learned" scholar of his time.: 101–102  He was a prolific scholar who delved into various fields of knowledge, but he was particularly renowned for his historical and philosophical writings.: 221 : 221

Dan Tafa lived during a turbulent time in Hausaland, witnessing the Sokoto jihad and the subsequent establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate. Following the deaths of the three reformist leaders, Usman, Abdullahi, and Muhammad Bello, Dan Tafa became a sought-after figure for his wisdom and expertise on matters of history, Islam, and leadership. He played a significant role in education by running an educational institute in Salame, which drew scholars from different parts of West Africa, notably from Timbuktu.

Jihad of Usman dan Fodio
The  Jihad of  Usman dan Fodio (Hausa: Jihadin Usman dan Fodio; ListenⓘListenⓘ) was a religio-military conflict in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon.  The war began when Usman dan Fodio, a prominent Islamic scholar and teacher, was exiled from Gobir by King Yunfa, one of his former students.

Usman dan Fodio assembled an Islamic army to lead a jihad against Gobir and other Hausa Kingdoms of northern Nigeria.  The forces of Usman dan Fodio slowly took over more and more of the Hausa kingdoms, capturing Gobir in 1808 and executing Yunfa.  The war resulted in the creation of the Sokoto Caliphate, initially headed by Usman dan Fodio himself, which became one of the largest states in Africa in the 19th century. His success inspired similar jihads in Western Africa.