hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calendar era
A calendar era is the period of time elapsed since one epoch of a calendar and, if it exists, before the next one. For example, the current year is numbered 2026 in the Gregorian calendar, which numbers its years in the Western Christian era (the Coptic Orthodox and Ethiopian Orthodox churches have their own Christian eras).

In antiquity, regnal years were counted from the accession of a monarch. This makes the chronology of the ancient Near East very difficult to reconstruct, based on disparate and scattered king lists, such as the Sumerian King List and the Babylonian Canon of Kings. In East Asia, reckoning by era names chosen by ruling monarchs ceased in the 20th century except for Japan, where they are still used.

Coptic calendar
The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is a liturgical calendar used by the farming populace in Egypt and used by the Coptic Orthodox and Coptic Catholic churches. It was used for fiscal purposes in Egypt until the adoption of the Gregorian calendar on 11 September 1875 (1st Thout 1592 AM). Like the Julian calendar (and unlike the international Gregorian calendar), the Coptic calendar has a leap year every four years invariably; it does not skip leap years three times every 400 years.
Grassmann's laws (color science)
Grassmann's laws describe empirical results about how the perception of mixtures of colored lights (i.e., lights that co-stimulate the same area on the retina) composed of different spectral power distributions can be algebraically related to one another in a color matching context. Discovered by Hermann Grassmann these "laws" are actually principles used to predict color match responses to a good approximation under photopic and mesopic vision.  A number of studies have examined how and why they provide poor predictions under specific conditions.

Spectral power distribution
In radiometry, photometry, and color science, a spectral power distribution (SPD) measurement describes the power per unit area per unit wavelength of an illumination (radiant exitance). More generally, the term spectral power distribution can refer to the concentration, as a function of wavelength, of any radiometric or photometric quantity (e.g. radiant energy, radiant flux, radiant intensity, radiance, irradiance, radiant exitance, radiosity, luminance, luminous flux, luminous intensity, illuminance, luminous emittance).

Knowledge of the SPD is crucial for optical-sensor system applications. Optical properties such as transmittance, reflectivity, and absorbance as well as the sensor response are typically dependent on the incident wavelength.
Horn-Bad Meinberg
Horn-Bad Meinberg (German pronunciation: [ˈhɔʁn baːtˈmaɪnˌbɛʁk] ⓘ; Low German: Häoern-Möomag)  is a German city in the Lippe district in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia on the edge of the Teutoburg forest.  The district Bad Meinberg is a spa resort. It has 17,263 inhabitants (2019). It was formed in 1970 by merging various other municipalities that had grown together, including Bad Meinberg and Horn - the new entity's original name was Bad Meinberg-Horn, before taking its present name.

Horn-Bad Meinberg is the location of the Externsteine, a rock formation consisting of several tall, narrow columns.

Lippe (district)
Lippe (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪpə]) is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Herford, Minden-Lübbecke, Höxter, Paderborn, Gütersloh, and district-free Bielefeld, which forms the region  Ostwestfalen-Lippe.

The district of Lippe is named after the Lords of Lippe, who originally lived on the river Lippe and founded Lippstadt there, and their Principality of Lippe. It was a state within the Holy Roman Empire and retained statehood until 1947, when it became a district of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Online bingo
Online bingo is the game of bingo (either the US or UK variant) played on the Internet. Sites offering the game launched around 1996, and the global gross gaming yield outside of the United States was estimated at US$500 million in 2006, forecast to grow to $1 billion by 2010.

Unlike physical balls used in regular bingo halls, online bingo sites use a random number generator. Most bingo halls also offer links to online poker and casino offerings as the patrons are often in the target market. One notable feature of online bingo is the chat functionality, with sites striving to foster a sense of community and interaction between players to assist customer retention.

Bingo (British version)
Bingo is a game of probability in which players mark off numbers on cards as the numbers are drawn randomly by a caller, the winner being the first person to mark off all their numbers. Bingo, traditionally known as Housey-Housey, became increasingly popular across the UK following the Betting and Gaming Act 1960 with more purpose-built bingo halls opened every year until 2005. Since 2005, bingo halls have seen a marked decline in revenues and many have closed. The number of bingo clubs in Britain dropped from nearly 600 in 2005 to under 400 in 2014. These closures have been blamed on high taxes, the smoking ban, and the rise in online gambling.

In Quebec, this game is called Kinzo. In India, it is known as Tambola.

Bingo played in the UK (90-ball bingo) is distinct from bingo played in the US (75-ball bingo), which has a square ticket layout and a different style of calling.
Church Street Bridge
The Church Street Bridge is an historic road arch bridge over the Yarra River and the Monash Freeway in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It links Church Street in Richmond on the north bank with Chapel Street in South Yarra on the south.

Monash Freeway
The Monash Freeway is a major urban freeway in Victoria, Australia, linking Melbourne's CBD to its south-eastern suburbs and beyond to the Gippsland region. It carries up to 180,000 vehicles per day and is one of Australia's busiest freeways. The entire stretch of the Monash Freeway bears the designation M1.

The freeway is named in honour of General Sir John Monash, an esteemed Australian military commander for the Allies during World War I.
Piraeus Tower
The Piraeus Tower or Piraeus Merchant Shipping Center is an 84 meter high building located in Piraeus. It is the second tallest building in Greece, after the similar architecture of the Tower of Athens. The construction of the building began in 1972 according to plans by Ioannis Vikelas, Demosthenes Molfesis and Alexandros Loizos. The frame of the building was completed in 1974 and in 1983 it was clad externally with glass and metal sheets. Only the three lower floors of the building were utilized and the rest was left empty. In 2021, the reconstruction of the tower began, which was completed in 2023. The tower was officially opened on 4 June 2024. It has 24 floors and two basements, with a total built-up area of 34,623 square meters.

Athens Towers
Athens Towers (Greek: Πύργος Αθηνών), is a complex of two buildings situated in Athens, Greece. Athens Tower 1 is 103 m (338 ft) and 28 stories high, making it the tallest building in Greece, while Athens Tower 2 has 15 storeys and a height of 65 m (213 ft) being the 8th tallest in Greece.

Construction began in 1968 and was completed in 1971 during the dictatorship. At the time of its completion it was the second tallest building in Southeast Europe. It is located in the district of Ampelokipi on 2 Mesogeion Avenue. It is used by many companies such as Interamerican Insurance and Alpha Bank. The architects of Athens Towers were Ioannis Vikelas, who also designed the main building of the Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art, and Ioannis Kympritis. Despite the criticism it has received due to its design and high height, the Tower of Athens is today considered to be one of the landmarks of Athens.
Jota Aviation
Jota Aviation Limited was a British specialist charter airline based at London Southend Airport, United Kingdom. It held a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence No. 2376; and was permitted to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.

London Southend Airport
London Southend Airport (IATA: SEN, ICAO: EGMC) is an international airport situated on the outskirts of Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England, approximately 36 mi (58 km) from the centre of London. The airport straddles the boundaries between the city of Southend-on-Sea and the Rochford District.

Southend was the UK's third-busiest airport during the 1960s, behind Heathrow and Manchester, before passenger numbers dropped off in the 1970s. Following its purchase by Stobart Group in 2008, a development programme provided a new terminal and control tower, extended the runway, and opened Southend Airport railway station on the Shenfield-Southend line, which provides a connection to Central London via a regular rail service between London Liverpool Street and Southend Victoria.
Rawreth
Rawreth is a village and civil parish in the District of Rochford, Essex, England. It is situated between Wickford and Rayleigh.

The place-name 'Rawreth' is first attested in the Pipe Rolls for 1177, where it appears as Raggerea. It appears as Ragherethe in the Feet of Fines for 1240, and as Raureth in the Charter Rolls of 1267. The name means 'herons' stream', as seen on the Village Sign (at right).

The area is mainly agricultural, sparsely populated, and with a small amount of industry.

Historically most of the farmhouses in Rawreth were moated manors, many of which survive today.

Rochford District
Rochford is a local government district in Essex, England. It is named after one of its main settlements, Rochford, where the council is based. The largest town in the district is Rayleigh. Other places in the district include Hockley, Ashingdon, Great Wakering, Canewdon and Hullbridge.

The district borders Maldon District to the north, the City of Chelmsford to the north-west, the Borough of Basildon to the west, the Borough of Castle Point to the south-west, and the City of Southend-on-Sea to the south. To the east, it has a stretch of coast at Foulness Island.

Most of the built-up areas are in the western part of the district, along the railway line from Shenfield to Southend Victoria. Southend Airport straddles the district's border with the City of Southend-on-Sea. The eastern part of the district is more sparsely populated.
Hill 327
Hill 327 (also known as Brigade Ridge, Camp Perdue, Camp Reasoner, Division Hill, Division Ridge or Freedom Hill) is a former U.S. Marine Corps (USMC), U.S. Army and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) base southwest of Da Nang in central Vietnam. The base was established on a ridgeline 4 km west of Da Nang Air Base.

Da Nang Air Base
Da Nang Air Base (Vietnamese: Căn cứ không quân Đà Nẵng) also known as Da Nang Airfield, Tourane Airfield or Tourane Air Base is a former French Air Force and later Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) facility located in the city of Da Nang, Vietnam. During the Vietnam War (1959–1975), it was a major base with United States Army, United States Air Force (USAF), and United States Marine Corps (USMC) units stationed there. Air Vietnam also used the facility from 1951 to 1975 for civilian domestic and international flights within Southeast Asia.
Baire category theorem
The Baire category theorem (BCT) is an important result in general topology and functional analysis. The theorem has two forms, each of which gives sufficient conditions for a topological space to be a Baire space (a topological space such that the intersection of countably many dense open sets is still dense).  It is used in the proof of results in many areas of analysis and geometry, including some of the fundamental theorems of functional analysis.

Versions of the Baire category theorem were first proved independently in 1897 by Osgood for the real line  and in 1899 by Baire for Euclidean space .  The more general statement for completely metrizable spaces was first shown by Hausdorff in 1914.

Completely metrizable space
In mathematics, a completely metrizable space (metrically topologically complete space) is a topological space (X, T) for which there exists at least one metric d on X such that (X, d) is a complete metric space and d induces the topology T. It is as such a special case of metrizable space.

The term topologically complete space is employed by some authors as a synonym for completely metrizable space, but sometimes also used for other classes of topological spaces, like completely uniformizable spaces or Čech-complete spaces.
Bobby Hanig
Robert Otho Hanig (born 1963/1964) is an American politician who is a member of the North Carolina Senate, representing District 1. He was appointed by North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper to serve the remainder of Senator Bob Steinburg's term representing District 1 following Sen. Steinburg's resignation to seek the Republican nomination in Senate District 2. Hanig was first elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives after defeating incumbent Beverly Boswell in the primary election for House District 6. Hanig is an Army veteran and owns The Pool Guy Aquatic Services.

Bob Steinburg
Bob Steinburg (born July 30, 1948) is an American politician and former Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly. He served 3 terms in the North Carolina House of Representatives and 1.5 terms in the North Carolina Senate.
Hazrat Nizamuddin–Gwalior Express
The Hazrat Nizamuddin–Gwalior Express was a express train of Indian Railways, which used to run between Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station of Delhi, the capital city of India and Gwalior Junction railway station of Gwalior, the princely city and educational hub of the Central Indian state Madhya Pradesh. The train was India's fifth ISO Certified train.

The train is no longer operational, running through Hazrat Nizamuddin and up to Jhansi's Taj Express.

Taj Express
The Taj Express was started in 1964 to serve tourists travelling from Delhi to Agra. It reduced the travelling time from over three hours to around two and a half hours. Taj Express was started along the lines of Deccan Queen, which ran as a high-speed commuter-special train between Pune Junction and CSMT Mumbai (ex Victoria Terminus Bombay), and provided a quick and comfortable journey between Agra and Delhi. It was a very popular train, especially among foreign tourists, before the Bhopal Shatabdi was introduced in 1988. The train was extended up to Gwalior in 1985 and then to Jhansi in 2006. It was named after Taj Mahal.
American Shakespeare Center
The American Shakespeare Center (ASC) is a regional theatre company located in Staunton, Virginia, that focuses on the plays of William Shakespeare; his contemporaries Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Christopher Marlowe; and works related to Shakespeare, like James Goldman's The Lion in Winter and Bob Carlton's Return to the Forbidden Planet.

The ASC is notable for its theatre, the Blackfriars Playhouse, the world's first recreation of the original indoor Blackfriars Theatre in London that was demolished in 1655. As a theater company, the ASC produces 8-9 shows per year with a repertory company at its Blackfriars Playhouse. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ASC also had a touring company that performed both at the Blackfriars and at other locations around the country. The ASC also provides a year-round laboratory for students and scholars through education programming in Staunton and on the road.

Regional theater in the United States
A regional theater or resident theater in the United States is a professional or semi-professional theater company that produces its own seasons. The term regional theater most often refers to a professional theater outside New York City. A regional theater may or may not be for profit or unionized.  The term "playhouse" is often used to specifically denote this type of theater.
NL-complete
In computational complexity theory, NL-complete is a complexity class containing the languages that are complete for NL, the class of decision problems that can be solved by a nondeterministic Turing machine using  a logarithmic amount of memory space. The NL-complete languages are the most "difficult" or "expressive" problems in NL.  If a deterministic algorithm exists for solving any one of the NL-complete problems in logarithmic memory space, then NL = L.

L (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, L (also known as LSPACE, LOGSPACE or DLOGSPACE) is the complexity class containing decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a logarithmic amount of writable memory space. Formally, the Turing machine has two tapes, one of which encodes the input and can only be read, whereas the other tape has logarithmic size but can be written as well as read. Logarithmic space is sufficient to hold a constant number of pointers into the input and a logarithmic number of Boolean flags, and many basic logspace algorithms use the memory in this way.
England at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
England competed at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between 11 and 21 September 1998. England were represented by the Commonwealth Games Council for England (CGCE). England joined the Commonwealth of Nations as part of the United Kingdom in 1931. In this competition England finished second in the medals table behind Australia.

England at the Commonwealth Games
England is one of only six teams to have competed in every Commonwealth Games since the first Empire Games in 1930. The others are Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales.

The Commonwealth Games is the only major multi-sport event in which English athletes and teams compete as England, organised by Commonwealth Games England; at Olympic, Paralympic and European Games England participates as part of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (along with Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, 10 of the 13 British Overseas Territories and the three Crown Dependencies) through the British Olympic Association.
Bilsby
Bilsby is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the main A1111 road between Alford and Sutton-on-Sea, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Alford. Thurlby and Asserby are hamlets within Bilsby parish. The censuses showed a parish population of 538 in 2001 and 487 in 2011, with an estimate of 489 in 2019.

Alford, Lincolnshire
Alford is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England, at the foot of the Lincolnshire Wolds, which form an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The population was recorded as 3,459 in the 2011 Census and estimated at 3,830 in 2021. It lies between the towns of Mablethorpe, Louth, Spilsby, and Skegness and acts as a local retail centre.
Mahabubnagar–Munirabad railway line
The Mahabubnagar-Munirabad section is an under construction railway section project of the Indian Railways. The section falls under the administration of Guntakal of South Central Railway zone and Hubballi Railway Division of South Western Railway Zone. This serves as the shortest route to Hyderabad-Hubballi and Hyderabad-Goa routes.

South Western Railway zone
The South Western Railway (abbreviated SWR) is one of the 19 railway zones of Indian Railways, headquartered at Hubballi in the Indian state of Karnataka. SWR was created from carving out the routes from Southern Railways, South Central Railways and Central Railways in 2003.
2022 Lewisham London Borough Council election
The 2022 Lewisham London Borough Council election took place on 5 May 2022. All 54 members of Lewisham London Borough Council were up for election. The elections took place alongside local elections in the other London boroughs and elections to local authorities across the United Kingdom.

The Labour Party maintained its control of the council, winning all 54 seats, mirroring its landslide victory in the 2018 election. The 2022 election took place under revised election boundaries, with the number of councillors remaining the same. The election coincided with an election for the Mayor of Lewisham, which was won by the incumbent Damien Egan of the Labour Party.

As of June 2025, two Green Party councillors make up the official opposition on Lewisham Council. This is the first time Lewisham Council has had an opposition group since 2010.

2018 Lewisham London Borough Council election
Elections for Lewisham London Borough Council were held on 3 May 2018, the same day as for other London Boroughs. All 54 seats were up for election. The Labour Party won all 54 seats in a landslide victory, winning 60% of the popular vote. The Green Party lost their sole council seat, leaving the party without representation on Lewisham Borough Council for the first time in 16 years.
Newtongrange railway station
Newtongrange is a railway station on the Borders Railway, which runs between Edinburgh Waverley and Tweedbank. The station, situated 11 miles 77 chains (19 km) south-east of Edinburgh Waverley, serves the town of Newtongrange in Midlothian, Scotland. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by ScotRail.

Tweedbank railway station
Tweedbank is a railway station on the Borders Railway, which runs between Edinburgh Waverley and Tweedbank. The station, situated 35 miles 34 chains (57 km) south-east of Edinburgh Waverley, serves the village of Tweedbank in Scottish Borders, Scotland. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by ScotRail.
Tipperary North (Dáil constituency)
Tipperary North is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects three deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

Dáil constituencies
There are 43 multi-member electoral districts, known as Dáil constituencies, to elect 174 TDs to Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, Ireland's parliament, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV), to a maximum term of five years. The configuration of constituencies was amended by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2023, which were in operation for the 2024 general election.
Lot One
Lot One Shoppers' Mall is a shopping mall serving Choa Chu Kang New Town, Singapore. It was opened in 1996 and is managed by CapitaMall Trust. It is located next to Choa Chu Kang MRT/LRT and the Choa Chu Kang Bus Interchange.

CapitaLand
CapitaLand Group Pte. Ltd. is a Singaporean headquartered company focusing on investment, development and management of real estate. The company has a presence in over 270 cities across more than 45 countries.
Chowan University
Chowan University (/tʃoʊˈwɒn/) is a private Christian university in Murfreesboro, North Carolina, United States. The university offers associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees in 70 academic disciplines and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.