hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Floyd G. Robinson
Floyd Grant Robinson (2 January 1931 – 18 December 2023) was a Canadian teacher, education theorist and curriculum developer. He wrote many works on the topics of stimulating complex thinking and the importance of education across the entire lifespan. Robinson is most notable for his work done while at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) between 1965 and 1991.

During his time at OISE the major goal of Robinson's applied research was to foster problem solving, critical thinking and other forms of complex thinking in elementary and secondary school learners and post-graduate students. In retirement his interest broadened to facilitate inter-agency collaboration in support of comprehensively defined human development and empowerment.

Ontario Institute for Studies in Education
The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) is the school of education at the University of Toronto.

It is located at 252 Bloor Street West in Toronto, Ontario, directly above the St. George subway station. The OISE-affiliated Jackman Institute of Child Study is situated nearby at 45 Walmer Street. Although it is based on the St. George campus, OISE also offers its language and literacies education program on the University of Toronto's Mississauga campus.
James R. Davila
James R. Davila (born 1960) is an American biblical scholar. He is Professor of Early Jewish Studies and former Principal of St Mary's College, St Andrews. A specialist in Second Temple Judaism and Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Davila is a participant at the Enoch seminar and a member of the Advisory Board of the journal Henoch.

St Mary's College, St Andrews
St Mary's College, founded as New College or College of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is the home of the Faculty and School of Divinity within the University of St Andrews, in Fife, Scotland.
Emon Saha
Emon Saha is a Bangladeshi composer, musician and singer. He earned 7 Bangladesh National Film Awards for his music composition and direction in the films Chandragrohon (2008), Kusum Kusum Prem (2011), Ghetuputra Komola (2012), Pita (2012), Meyeti Ekhon Kothay Jabe (2016), Jannat (2018), and his directorial debut film is Silence: A Musical Journey (2025).

National Film Awards (Bangladesh)
The National Film Awards (Bengali: জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার) is an annual awards ceremony held annually in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is considered to be the most significant film award ceremony in Bangladesh. The National Film Awards were established in 1975 by the government of Bangladesh. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entries.
Earl Haig
Earl Haig is a title in the peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1919 for Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig. During the First World War, he served as commander of the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front in France and Belgium (1915–18). Haig was made Viscount Dawick and Baron Haig, of Bemersyde in the County of Berwick, at the same time he was given the earldom, also in the peerage of the United Kingdom The viscountcy of Dawick is used as a courtesy title by the Earl's son and heir apparent. As of 2022 the titles are held by the first earl's grandson, the third earl, who succeeded his father in 2009.

The family seat is Bemersyde House, near Newtown St. Boswells, Roxburghshire.

The family motto is "Tyde what may", which refers to a 13th-century poem by Thomas the Rhymer which predicted that there would always be a Haig in Bemersyde:

'Tyde what may betydeHaig shall be Haig of Bemersyde'.

Newtown St Boswells
Newtown St Boswells (Scots: Newtoon; Scottish Gaelic: Baile Ùr Bhoisil [ˈpaləˈuːɾˈvɔʃɪl]) is a village in the Scottish Borders council area, in south-east Scotland. The village lies south of the Eildon Hills on the Sprouston and Newtown burns, approximately 40 miles (64 km) south-east of Edinburgh. It is the administrative centre of the Scottish Borders, and was historically in the county of Roxburghshire.
Wendy Hughes (judge)
Wendy Hughes (born 28 February 1968), formerly known as Wendy Hughes-Madondo, is a South African judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal. Formerly an attorney in private practice, she was a judge of the Gauteng High Court from July 2013 until July 2021, when she was appointed to the Supreme Court of Appeal.

Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa
The Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa is a superior court of law which has general jurisdiction over the South African province of Gauteng and the eastern part of North West province. The main seat of the division is at Pretoria, while a local seat at Johannesburg has concurrent jurisdiction over the southern parts of Gauteng.

Audrey Ledwaba has been the Acting Judge President of the division since appointment of Dunstan Mlambo as Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa.
English language institute
An English language institute (ELIs) or English language centre (ELCs) is a department within a college or university in English-speaking countries that aims to develop students' English language skills for a variety of purposes. In countries like New Zealand, ELCs accounted for one-fifth of the $1.1 billion (NZ) in revenue (2001).

Many schools began their department to provide English for academic purposes (EAP) programming to support the needs of the respective schools to meet the school's necessary English language requirements for admission and increase international student enrolment to include students with English as a second or foreign language. Steadily, many ELIs have grown in recent years to support institutional missions for increased efforts for internationalization as well as revenue generation.

Academic English
English for academic purposes (EAP), commonly known as Academic English, entails training students, usually in a higher education setting, to use language appropriate for study. It is one of the most common forms of English for specific purposes (ESP). It is also a course found in TAFE in Australia.
Doug Stoner
Doug Stoner, a member of the Democratic Party, is a member of the Georgia House of Representatives, a former member of the Georgia State Senate, and a former candidate to be chairman of the Georgia Democratic Party. He ran in the 2018 Democratic primary for District 5's seat on the Georgia Public Service Commission, which is currently held by a Republican, Tricia Pridemore. Stoner lost the primary to Dawn Randolph on May 22, 2018.

Georgia State Senate
The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The Georgia State Senate and the lower house of the General Assembly, the Georgia House of Representatives, comprise the bicameral legislature of the state. Combined, the Senate and the House maintain authority under Article III. of the 1983 Constitution of Georgia to enact laws "necessary and proper for the welfare of the state", although state law is subordinate to the state constitution, the United States Constitution, and federal law.

Like most upper houses in the United States, the Senate has the exclusive power to confirm various appointments made by the governor of Georgia, and to try cases of impeachment brought by the House. The Senate is often considered a springboard for those ultimately seeking higher office; all of the state's most recent governors have served in the State Senate.
2019 Davao del Sur earthquake
At 14:11 PST (06:11 UTC) on December 15, 2019, the province of Davao del Sur on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.8 Mww. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. At least 13 people were killed and another 210 injured.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
George Hume (surveyor)
George Hume, also spelled Home, (May 30 [June 9 N.S.], 1698
 – 1760) was a Scottish-born American surveyor and colonial official, known for his extensive land surveys in Virginia, particularly in the region that would become Culpeper County. A Jacobite exile following the 1715 rebellion, he immigrated to Virginia in 1721 and became a prominent surveyor for Orange, Frederick, Spotsylvania, and Culpeper counties. Hume mentored a young George Washington in surveying from 1748 to 1749,  shaping his early career. A cousin of Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood, Hume's precise mapping facilitated Virginia's colonial expansion and settlement.

Jacobite rising of 1715
The Jacobite rising of 1715 (Scottish Gaelic: Bliadhna Sheumais [ˈpliən̪ˠə ˈheːmɪʃ];
or 'the Fifteen') was the attempt by James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland for the exiled Stuarts.

At Braemar, Aberdeenshire, the Earl of Mar raised the Jacobite standard on 27 August. Aiming to capture Stirling Castle, he was checked by the much-outnumbered Hanoverians, commanded by the Duke of Argyll, at Sheriffmuir on 13 November. There was no clear result, but the Earl appeared to believe, mistakenly, that he had won the battle. After the Jacobite surrender at Preston (14 November), the rebellion was over.
After Capitalism
After Capitalism: Economic Democracy in Action is a 2012 book by United States author Dada Maheshvarananda, an activist, yoga monk and writer. The book argues that global capitalism is terminally ill because it suffers from four fatal flaws: growing inequity and concentration of wealth, addiction to speculation instead of production, rising unsustainable debt and its tendency to exploit the natural environment.

The author proposes a grassroots movement for economic democracy with cooperatives and local economies based on the Progressive Utilization Theory or Prout, a post-capitalist model conceptualized by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar of India. The book includes a conversation with Noam Chomsky and essays by Frei Betto, Johan Galtung, Leonardo Boff, Sohail Inayatullah, Marcos Arruda, Ravi Batra and others.

Progressive utilization theory
The Progressive utilization theory (PROUT) is a socioeconomic and political philosophy created by the Indian philosopher and spiritual leader Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar. He first conceived of PROUT in 1959. Its proponents (Proutists) claim that it exposes and overcomes the limitations of capitalism, communism and mixed economy. Since its genesis, PROUT has had an economically progressive approach, aiming to improve social development in the world. It is in line with Sarkar's Neohumanist values which aim to provide "proper care" to every being on the planet, including humans, animals and plants.

PROUT has not been implemented in any part of the world, though there are a number of books and articles on the subject.
Abdul Karim Abdullah al-Arashi
Abdul Karim Abdullah al-Arashi (Arabic: عبد الكريم عبد الله العرشي, romanized: ʿAbd al-Karīm ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿArāshī; 22 July 1929 – 10 June 2006) was a Yemeni politician who served as the interim President of the Yemen Arab Republic briefly from 24 June to 18 July 1978.  He was preceded by Ahmed Al-Ghashmi and succeeded by Ali Abdullah Saleh. He also served as Vice President of Yemen Arab Republic, from 1978 to 1990, and the Speaker of the Constituent People's Assembly (Parliament) from 1978 to 1988, and the president of the Shura Council from 1988 to 1990.

A statement by the president's office noted that Al-Arashi played an important role in the 1962 Yemeni revolution and in defending its goals. “Throughout the various positions he held, he proved to be steadfast and highly competent,” the statement indicated.

He died on June 10, 2006, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, aged 76.

President of the Yemen Arab Republic
The President of the Yemen Arab Republic, officially the Chairman of the Republican Council of the Yemen Arab Republic, was the head of state in the former North Yemen from 1962 to 1990. There were six presidents of North Yemen.
Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement
The American political activist Lyndon LaRouche (1922–2019) and the LaRouche movement have expressed controversial views on a wide variety of topics. The LaRouche movement is made up of activists who follow LaRouche's views.

LaRouche's economic policies call for a program modeled on the economic recovery program of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration, including fixed exchange rates, capital controls, exchange controls, currency controls, and protectionist price and trade agreements among partner-nations, although Roosevelt generally pursued trade liberalization. LaRouche also called for a reorganization of debt world-wide, and a global plan for large-scale, continental infrastructure projects. LaRouche rejected free trade, deregulation, and globalization.

Foreign exchange controls
Foreign exchange controls are various forms of controls imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents, on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents, or the transfers of any currency across national borders. These controls allow countries to better manage their economies by controlling the inflow and outflow of currency, which may otherwise create exchange rate volatility. Countries with weak and/or developing economies generally use foreign exchange controls to limit speculation against their currencies. They may also introduce capital controls, which limit foreign investment in the country.
Montu (roller coaster)
Montu is an inverted roller coaster at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay in Tampa, Florida. Designed by Swiss manufacturer Bolliger & Mabillard, it is the park's second roller coaster designed by that company following the success of Kumba, which opened 3 years prior. When the ride opened on May 16, 1996, it was the world's tallest and fastest inverted roller coaster, a title it has since conceded to Alpengeist at sister park Busch Gardens Williamsburg. The ride stands 150 feet (46 m) tall and reaches speeds of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h).

Alpengeist
Alpengeist /ˈælpənˈɡaɪst/ is an inverted roller coaster at Busch Gardens Williamsburg in Williamsburg, Virginia. Manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard, Alpengeist has an Alpine mountain region theme and opened in 1997 as the tallest inverted coaster in the world. The name "Alpengeist" is German for "Alpine Ghost" and the ride is themed to a runaway ski lift. It holds the records for the tallest complete-circuit inverted coaster in the world, tallest inverted roller coaster in the United States, and the longest inverted-complete-circuit coaster drop in the world.
Penny Market XXL
Penny Market XXL and XXL Mega Discount were a discount Romanian supermarket chain owned by Rewe Group, which also operated the Billa, Penny Market and Selgros in Romania. As opposed to Billa, XXL stores were generally larger and geared towards low-income and middle-income consumers. On 10 January 2013, Penny Market XXL was renamed into XXL Mega Discount, containing the slogan Uriașul prețurilor mici! The XXL Mega Discount stores were closed on 31 December 2016, and reopened on the first days of 2017. Not only that, Rewe started modernizing the XXL Mega Discount stores in June of the aforementioned year, converting them into the name Penny Market.

REWE Group
The REWE Group is a German diversified retail and tourism co-operative group based in Cologne, Germany. The name REWE comes from "Revisionsverband der Westkauf-Genossenschaften", meaning "Western Buying Co-operatives Auditing Association".
Japan National Route 112
National Route 112 (国道112号, Kokudō Hyaku jūnigō) is a national highway of Japan that traverses the prefecture of Yamagata in a southeast–northwest routing. It connects the prefecture's capital city, Yamagata in eastern Yamagata Prefecture to the city of Sakata on the prefecture's western coast. It has a total length of 139.2 kilometers (86.5 mi).

Yamagata Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture (山形県, Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. It has a population of 1,005,926 (1 February 2025) and an area of 9,325 km2 (3,600 sq mi). Its neighbours are Akita Prefecture to the north, Miyagi Prefecture to the east, Fukushima Prefecture to the south, and Niigata Prefecture to the southwest.

The capital and largest city is Yamagata, with other major cities being Tsuruoka, Sakata and Yonezawa. The prefecture is located on Japan's western Sea of Japan coast and its borders with neighboring prefectures are formed by various mountain ranges, with 17% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamagata Prefecture formed the southern half of the historic Dewa Province with Akita Prefecture and is home to the Three Mountains of Dewa, which includes the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, a recognised National Treasure of Japan.
Anna Raeburn
Anna Raeburn (born 3 April 1944) is a British broadcaster, author and journalist who is best known for her role as a radio agony aunt, giving advice on relationships and more general life problems. As a broadcaster, she has worked for Capital Radio, LBC  and the original Talk Radio. She has authored two books and currently writes her own weekly blog called "Annalog".

LBC
LBC (originally London Broadcasting Company) is a British phone-in and talk radio station owned and operated by Global and based in its headquarters in London. It was the UK's first licensed commercial radio station, and began to broadcast on Monday 8 October 1973, a week ahead of Capital Radio.

The launch of LBC also saw the beginning of Independent Radio News broadcasting, as LBC provided the service to independent local radio stations nationwide. LBC broadcast only to London until 2006, at which time it became available, via digital radio, in some other parts of the country. It has been available nationwide since 2014, with the letters now standing for Leading Britain's Conversation.  LBC has a like-branded sister station, LBC News,  dedicated to rolling news, travel and weather.
Tom Limoncelli
Tom Limoncelli (born December 2, 1968) is an American system administrator, author, and speaker.
A system administrator and network engineer since 1987, he speaks at conferences around the world on topics ranging from firewall security to time management. He is the author of Time Management for System Administrators from O'Reilly; along with Christine Hogan, co-author of the book The Practice of System and Network Administration from Addison-Wesley, which won the 2005 SAGE Outstanding Achievement Award, and in 2007 with Peter H. Salus he has published a compilation of the best April Fools jokes created by the IETF entitled The Complete April Fools' Day RFCs.

He has also published papers at conferences such as the Usenix LISA on a wide variety of topics including innovative firewall techniques, coordinating massive network changes, models for improving customer support, and the security issues related to firing a system administrator.

Peter H. Salus
Peter Henry Salus is a linguist, computer scientist, historian of technology, author in many fields, and an editor of books and journals. He has conducted research in germanistics, language acquisition, and computer languages.
Allan Ssewanyana
Allan Aloysius Ssewanyana (born 26 November 1986), commonly known as ‘Omusajja wa Bwino’ is a Ugandan sports journalist, human resource manager and politician. He is a former Member of Parliament for Makindye Division West and a representative for the National Unity Platform, the largest opposition political party in Uganda. He is a member of the Committee on Education & Sports and the Committee on Equal Opportunities in the 10th Parliament of Uganda. He is also the Minister for Sports in the Shadow Cabinet.

Ssewanyana is a former: LCV Councillor for Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) Representing Makindye Division; sports editor for Nile Broadcasting Services (NBS) TV and Top Radio 89.6 FM; sports columnist for Ennyanda sports newspaper, member of the board of directors for the Uganda Premier League and a former board vice chairperson for KCCA FC.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
Jacksonburg Creek
Jacksonburg Creek is a tributary of the Paulins Kill located along the eastern face of Kittatinny Mountain in Warren County in northwestern New Jersey in the United States. It rises near the Warren County-Sussex County border in Hardwick Township and enters the Paulins Kill in the center of Blairstown. The Appalachian Trail passes within its watershed and crosses the creek as it traverses the ridgeline of Kittatinny Mountain.

The 1980 slasher film Friday the 13th was filmed at Camp NoBeBosCo north of Blairstown, New Jersey in Hardwick Township. The camp's Sand Pond, which stood in for the movie's "Crystal Lake," is the headwaters of Jacksonburg Creek.

Blairstown, New Jersey
Blairstown is a township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 5,704, a decrease of 263 (−4.4%) from the 2010 census count of 5,967, which in turn reflected an increase of 220 (+3.8%) from the 5,747 counted in the 2000 census.

The area had been known as Smith's Mill and was later called Butts Bridge (variously spelled as "Butt's Bridge" and "Butts' Bridge"), named for a family that owned the eponymous crossing of the Paulins Kill.

Blairstown was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 14, 1845, from portions of Knowlton Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. The township was named for John Insley Blair.
IMSAI 8080
The IMSAI 8080 is an early microcomputer released in late 1975, based on the Intel 8080 (and later 8085) and S-100 bus. It is a clone of its main competitor, the earlier MITS Altair 8800. The IMSAI is largely regarded as the first "clone" microcomputer. The IMSAI machine runs a highly modified version of the CP/M operating system called IMDOS. It was developed, manufactured and sold by IMS Associates, Inc. (later renamed to IMSAI Manufacturing Corp). In total, between 17,000 and 20,000 units were produced from 1975 to 1978.

S-100 bus
The S-100 bus or Altair bus, later standardized as IEEE 696-1983 (inactive-withdrawn), is an early computer bus designed in 1974 as a part of the Altair 8800. The S-100 bus was the first industry-standard expansion bus for the microcomputer industry. S-100 computers, consisting of processor and peripheral cards, were produced by a number of manufacturers.  The S-100 bus formed the basis for homebrew computers whose builders (e.g., the Homebrew Computer Club) implemented drivers for CP/M and MP/M.  These S-100 microcomputers ran the gamut from hobbyist toy to small business workstation and were common in early home computers until the advent of the IBM PC.