hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Old Curiosity Shop (1913 film)
The Old Curiosity Shop is a 1913 British silent drama film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Mai Deacon, Warwick Buckland and Alma Taylor. It was based on the 1841 novel The Old Curiosity Shop by Charles Dickens, and was the first of three film adaptations of the story by Bentley. It was made by the Hepworth Company, the leading British film studio before the First World War.

The Old Curiosity Shop
The Old Curiosity Shop is the fourth novel by English author Charles Dickens; being one of his two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock, from 1840 to 1841. It was so popular that New York readers reputedly stormed the wharf when the ship bearing the final instalment arrived in 1841.

The Old Curiosity Shop was printed in book form in 1841 in two volumes. Queen Victoria read the novel that year and found it "very interesting and cleverly written".

The plot follows the journey of Nell Trent and her grandfather, both residents of The Old Curiosity Shop in London, whose lives are thrown into disarray and destitution due to the machinations of an evil moneylender and the grandfather's addiction to gambling.
Cairnburgh Castle
Cairnburgh Castle is a ruined castle that is located on the islands of Cairn na Burgh Mòr and Cairn na Burgh Beag, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. These islands are at the northern extremity of the Treshnish Isles at the mouth of Loch Tuath, Mull north of Iona. 1991's The Changing Scottish Landscape characterizes it as "one of the most isolated fortifications in Britain...[and] also one of the strangest."

Clan Maclean
Clan Maclean (/mækˈleɪn/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Clann 'IllEathain [kʰl̪ˠãn̪ˠ iˈʎɛhɛɲ]) is a Highlands Scottish clan. They are one of the oldest clans in the Highlands and owned large tracts of land in Argyll as well as the Inner Hebrides. Many early Macleans became famous for their honour, strength and courage in battle. They were involved in clan skirmishes with the Mackinnons, Camerons, MacDonalds and Campbells, as well as all of the Jacobite risings.
Nuremberg Code
The Nuremberg Code (German: Nürnberger Kodex) is a set of ethical research principles for human experimentation created by the court in U.S. v Brandt, one of the Subsequent Nuremberg trials that were held after the Second World War.

Though it was articulated as part of the court's verdict in the trial, the Code would later become significant beyond its original context; in a review written on the 50th anniversary of the Brandt verdict, Jay Katz writes that "a careful reading of the judgment suggests that [the authors] wrote the Code for the practice of human experimentation whenever it is being conducted."

Jay Katz
Jacob "Jay" Katz (October 20, 1922 – November 17, 2008) was an American physician and Yale Law School professor whose career was devoted to addressing complex issues of medical ethics and other ethical problems involving the overlaps of ethics, law, medicine and psychology.
A259 road
The A259 is a road on the south coast of England passing through Hampshire, West Sussex, East Sussex, and Kent, and is the longest Zone 2 A road in Great Britain. The main part of the road connects Brighton, Peacehaven, Eastbourne, Hastings, Rye, and Folkestone.

The road is below the expected standard of a trunk road used by HGVs and a frequent cause of congestion and disruption and has been documented as one of the most dangerous roads in South England.

Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove (/ˈbraɪtən ... ˈhoʊv/ BRY-tən … HOHV) is a city and unitary authority area, ceremonially in East Sussex, England. There are multiple villages alongside the seaside resorts of Brighton and Hove in the district. It is administered by Brighton and Hove City Council, which is currently under Labour majority control.

The two resorts, along with Worthing and Littlehampton in West Sussex, make up the second most-populous built-up area of South East England, after South Hampshire. In 2014, Brighton and Hove City Council and other nearby councils formed the Greater Brighton City Region local enterprise partnership area.
1953 Sunderland South by-election
The 1953 Sunderland South by-election was held on 13 May 1953.  It was held due to the death of the Labour MP Richard Ewart.  It was gained by the Conservative candidate Paul Williams who had unsuccessfully contested the seat in the 1951 general election.  It was the first time since 1924 that an incumbent government had gained a seat from the opposition in a by-election.  The gain was held at the 1955 general election.

Paul Williams (Conservative politician)
Paul Glyn Williams (14 November 1922 – 10 September 2008) was a British Conservative Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sunderland South from 1953 to 1964. He was also a prominent businessman. He was one of 8 Conservative "Suez rebels" who resigned the Conservative Party whip to protest against the government's decision to withdraw from Suez.
Paul Kockelman
Paul Kockelman is a professor of anthropology at Yale University. His work in linguistic anthropology includes the description and ethnographic analysis of Q’eqchi’, a Mayan language spoken in Guatemala. His contributions  to anthropological theory have covered a wide range of themes, including agency, temporality, meaning, subjectivity, stance, value, and more recently the Anthropocene. Some of these writings, blending the concerns of semiotics and ethnography with those of mathematics and computer science, have been understood to have pushed the frontiers of anthropological theory. Kockelman has been described as "one of anthropology's last great system‐builders".

Kockelman has served as the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Linguistic Anthropology. He is also co-editor, with Nick Enfield and Jack Sidnell, of The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Anthropology.

Linguistic anthropology
Linguistic anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of how language influences social life. It is a branch of anthropology that originated from the endeavor to document endangered languages and has grown over the past century to encompass most aspects of language structure and use.

Linguistic anthropology explores how language shapes communication, forms social identity and group membership, organizes large-scale cultural beliefs and ideologies, and develops a common cultural representation of natural and social worlds.
Borwick
Borwick is a village and civil parish in the City of Lancaster district of Lancashire, England, about 8 miles north of Lancaster, on the Lancaster Canal.  It is situated just south of the border with Cumbria. The parish of Borwick had a population of 210 recorded in the 2001 census, decreasing to 181 at the 2011 Census.

Borwick railway station was on the former Furness and Midland Joint Railway, now Leeds to Morecambe Line, until its closure in 1960.

Borwick railway station
Borwick railway station formerly served the village of Borwick in Lancashire, England. It was located on the Furness and Midland Joint Railway line between Carnforth and Wennington, 3 miles (5 km) east of Carnforth Joint station.
John Stears
John Stears (25 August 1934 – 28 April 1999) was an English special effects artist. A two-time Academy Award winner, nicknamed the "Dean of Special Effects," and "The Real Q", he was responsible for creating a host of iconic movie gadgets and effects, including James Bond's lethal Aston Martin DB5, Luke Skywalker's Landspeeder, the Jedi Knights' lightsabers, the Death Star, and the robots R2-D2 and C-3PO.

Welders House
Welders House is a Grade II listed house located in the village of Jordans, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is the private family estate of the Osbourne family and the burial site of musician Ozzy Osbourne.
Werner Franz Siebenbrock
Werner Franz Siebenbrock S.V.D. (27 September 1937 – 24 December 2019) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop.

Siebenbrock was born in Germany and was ordained to the priesthood in 1965. He served as titular bishop of Tacia montana and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from 1988 to 1994. He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nova Iguaçu, Brazil, from 1994 to 2001 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Governador Valadares, Brazil, from 2001 to 2014.

Diocese of Nova Iguaçu
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Nova Iguaçu (Latin: Dioecesis Neo–Iguassuensis) is a diocese located in the city of Nova Iguaçu in the ecclesiastical province of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
Swinomish people
The Swinomish people (/ˈswɪnəmɪʃ/ SWIN-ə-mish; Lushootseed: swədəbš) are a Lushootseed-speaking people Indigenous to western Washington state.

The tribe lives in the southeastern part of Fidalgo Island in northern Puget Sound, near the San Juan Islands, in Skagit County, Washington. Skagit County is located about 70 miles (110 km) north of Seattle

Swinomish people are enrolled in the federally recognized Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, also known as the Swinomish Tribe, which is headquartered in Swinomish Village, across the Swinomish Channel from La Conner.

Skagit County, Washington
Skagit County /ˈskædʒɪt/ is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,523. The county seat and largest city is Mount Vernon. The county was formed in 1883 from the southern part of Whatcom County and is named for the Upper and Lower Skagit Indian tribes, which have been indigenous to the area prior to European-American settlement.

Skagit County comprises the Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is included in the Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Puget Sound region, and it is known for its strong agricultural sector and annual tulip festival.
AAR wheel arrangement
The AAR wheel arrangement system is a method of classifying locomotive (or unit) wheel arrangements that was developed by the Association of American Railroads. Essentially a simplification of the European UIC classification, it is widely used in North America to describe diesel and electric locomotives (including third-rail electric locomotives). It is not used for steam locomotives anywhere, which use the Whyte notation instead, except geared steam locomotives, which are instead classified by their model and their number of trucks (bogies in Commonwealth English). The AAR system (like UIC) counts axles, unlike Whyte notation, which counts wheels.

Wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement or wheel configuration is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a locomotive. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country.  Within a given country, different notations may also be employed for different kinds of locomotives, such as steam, electric, and diesel powered.

Especially in steam days, wheel arrangement was an important attribute of a locomotive because there were many different types of layout adopted, each wheel being optimised for a different use (often with only some being actually "driven"). Modern diesel and electric locomotives are much more uniform, usually with all axles driven.
1971 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1971 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 71st staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.

East Kerry entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a fourth successive title.

The final was played on 24 October 1971 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between Mid Kerry and Shannon Rangers, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Mid Kerry won the match by 0-12 to 1-06 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in four years.

Shannon Rangers GAA
Shannon Rangers is a North Kerry Divisional Gaelic football team in County Kerry, Ireland, based around the Shannon Estuary. Founded in 1940, the team compete in the Kerry Senior Football Championship, which they have won on 5 occasions. They also won the inaugural Munster Senior Club Football Championship in 1964.
Kim Ki-bang
Kim Ki-bang (born May 31, 1981) is a South Korean actor. Since his acting debut in 2005, Kim has played supporting roles in television dramas such as Boys Over Flowers (2009), Golden Time (2012), Gu Family Book (2013), Medical Top Team (2013), My Lovely Girl (2014), and Heart to Heart (2015). He played his first leading role in the film Geochang Massacre - Bloody Winter (2013).

Gu Family Book
Gu Family Book (Korean: 구가의 서; also known as Kang Chi, the Beginning) is a 2013 South Korean television series starring Lee Seung-gi and Bae Suzy. The fusion martial arts action historical drama is about a half-man half-monster who is searching for a centuries-old book that according to gumiho legend, contains the secret to becoming human.

Filmed at MBC Dramia in Gyeonggi Province, the series aired on MBC from April 8 to June 25, 2013, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 24 episodes.
Farm to Market Road 1053
Farm to Market Road 1053 (FM 1053) is a Farm to Market Road in the U.S. state of Texas maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The road, located in Pecos, Crane, and Ector counties, begins along the concurrent routes of Business Interstate 10-G (Bus. I-10-G), U.S. Route 285 (US 285), and U.S. Route 385 (US 385) in the city of Fort Stockton and continues to the north ending at Interstate 20 (I-20) near Penwell. The road passes through the towns of Imperial, where it intersects  FM 11, and Tubbs Corner, where it crosses State Highway 329 (SH 329). The road also has major intersections with  I-10 / US 67 in Fort Stockton as well as  FM 1450 and  FM 1233.

Farm-to-market road
In the United States, a farm-to-market road or ranch-to-market road (sometimes farm road or ranch road for short) is a state highway or county road that connects rural or agricultural areas to market towns. These are better-quality roads, usually a highway, that farmers and ranchers use to transport products to market towns or distribution centers. Historically used throughout the country, today the term is primarily associated with a large state-maintained highway system in Texas.
Streets Is Watching (soundtrack)
Streets Is Watching is the soundtrack album to Abdul Malik Abbott's 1998 film of the same name. It was released on May 12, 1998, via Roc-A-Fella Records/Def Jam Recordings. Production was handled by Mahogany, Jaz-O, AK47, Darrel 'Digga' Branch, Dave G, Dinky Bingham, DJ Clue?, Irv Gotti, Ken "Duro" Ifill, M.O.P., Tone Capone, Ty Fyffe, and Dame Dash, who also served as one of executive producers together with Jay-Z and Kareem "Biggs" Burke. It features appearances from Jay-Z, Christión, Memphis Bleek, Diamonds In Da Rough, DMX, Ja Rule, M.O.P., Noreaga, Rell, Sauce Money, Usual Suspects, and The Ranjahz member Wais. The album fared well commercially reaching #27 on the Billboard 200 and #3 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and having two singles ("It's Alright" and "Love For Free") appear on the Billboard Hot 100.

Rell (singer)
Wilbur Gerrell Gaddis (born July 22, 1976), better known by his stage name Rell, is an American R&B singer and songwriter from Bowman, South Carolina. He was the first male R&B singer to sign to New York City-based label Roc-A-Fella Records, where he recorded with artists such as Kanye West, Jay-Z, Consequence, and Young Gunz.
Aoraki / Mount Cook
Aoraki / Mount Cook is the highest mountain in New Zealand. Its height, as of 2014, is listed as 3,724 metres (12,218 feet). It is situated in the Southern Alps, the mountain range that runs the length of the South Island. A popular tourist destination, it is also a favourite challenge for mountaineers. Aoraki / Mount Cook consists of three summits: from south to north, the Low Peak (3,593 m or 11,788 ft), the Middle Peak (3,717 m or 12,195 ft) and the High Peak. The summits lie slightly south and east of the main divide of the Southern Alps, with the Tasman Glacier to the east and the Hooker Glacier to the southwest. Mount Cook is ranked 10th in the world by topographic isolation.

Topographic isolation
The topographic isolation of a summit is the minimum horizontal distance to a point of equal elevation, representing a radius of dominance in which the peak is the highest point.  It can be calculated for small hills and islands as well as for major mountain peaks and can even be calculated for submarine summits.  Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth, has an undefined isolation, since there are no higher points to reference.

Because topographic isolation can be difficult to determine, a common approximation is the distance to a peak called the nearest higher neighbour (NHN).
Gloria Jean Siebrecht
Gloria Jean Siebrecht (27 December 1940 - 14 November 2021) was an American amateur paleontologist and volunteer for the Museum of the Rockies, notable as the discoverer of Avisaurus Gloriae, which was named for her, and Piksi barbarulna.

She was the sixth child of James Baily Schnee and Marie Van De Rite of Kalispell, Montana. She grew up in Columbia Falls, Montana; McMinnville, Oregon; and Lincoln City, Oregon. She graduated from Taft High School in Lincoln City in 1958. She married Odell Siebrecht in 1959 and raised two children on a farm north of Cut Bank, Montana.

As a volunteer for the Museum of the Rockies, Siebrecht spent thousands of hours on digs and in preparing fossils for display.
Gloria died in Seattle on November 14, 2021 after surgery for an aneurism.

Cut Bank, Montana
Cut Bank is a city in and the county seat of Glacier County, Montana, United States, located just east of the "cut bank" (gorge) along Cut Bank Creek. The population was 3,056 at the 2020 census. The town was founded in 1891 with the arrival of the Great Northern Railway.
Venous blood
Venous blood is deoxygenated blood which travels from the peripheral blood vessels, through the venous system into the right atrium of the heart.  Deoxygenated blood is then pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery which is divided in two branches, left and right to the left and right lungs respectively. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.

Venous blood is typically colder than arterial blood, and has a lower oxygen content and pH. It also has lower concentrations of glucose and other nutrients and has higher concentrations of urea and other waste products. The difference in the oxygen content of arterial blood and venous blood is known as the arteriovenous oxygen difference.

Most medical laboratory tests are conducted on venous blood, with the exception of arterial blood gas tests. Venous blood is obtained for lab work by venipuncture (also called phlebotomy), or by finger prick for small quantities.

Fingerstick
In medicine, some blood tests are conducted on capillary blood obtained by fingerstick (or fingerprick) (or, for neonates, by an analogous heelprick). The site, free of surface arterial flow, where the blood is to be collected is sterilized with a topical germicide, and the skin pierced with a sterile lancet. After a droplet has formed, capillary blood is captured in a capillary tube (usually relying on surface tension) or on a membrane.
I Lombardi alla prima crociata
I Lombardi alla Prima Crociata (The Lombards on the First Crusade) is an operatic dramma lirico in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera, based on an epic poem by Tommaso Grossi, which was "very much a child of its age; a grand historical novel with a patriotic slant". Its first performance was given at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on 11 February 1843. Verdi dedicated the score to Maria Luigia, the Habsburg Duchess of Parma, who died a few weeks after the premiere. In 1847, the opera was significantly revised to become Verdi's first grand opera for performances in France at the Salle Le Peletier of the Paris Opera under the title of Jérusalem.

Grand opera
Grand opera is a genre of 19th-century opera generally in four or five acts, characterized by large-scale casts and orchestras. The original productions consisted of spectacular design and stage effects with plots normally based on or around dramatic historic events. The term is particularly applied (sometimes specifically used in its French-language equivalent grand opéra, pronounced [ɡʁɑ̃t‿ɔpeʁa]) to certain productions of the Paris Opéra from the late 1820s to around 1860; 'grand opéra' has sometimes been used to denote the Paris Opéra itself.

The term 'grand opera' is also used in a broader application in respect of contemporary or later works of similar monumental proportions from France, Germany, Italy, and other countries.

It may also be used colloquially in an imprecise sense to refer to 'serious opera without spoken dialogue'.
Trek Bicycle Corporation
Trek Bicycle Corporation is an American bicycle, cycling product and electric motorcycle manufacturer and distributor under brand names Trek, Electra Bicycle Company, Bontrager, and Diamant Bikes. The company has previously manufactured bikes under the Gary Fisher, LeMond Racing Cycles, Klein, and Villiger Bikes brand names. With its headquarters in Waterloo, Wisconsin, Trek bicycles are marketed through 1,700 independently owned bicycle shops across North America, subsidiaries in Europe, Asia, South Africa, as well as distributors in 90 countries worldwide. Nearly all Trek bicycles are manufactured outside the United States, in countries including the Netherlands, Germany, Taiwan, and China.

Hartmannsdorf, Mittelsachsen
Hartmannsdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈhaʁtmansdɔʁf] ⓘ) is a small municipality in the district Mittweida, Saxony, in eastern Germany, near the city of Chemnitz. As of 2020 it has a population of 4,428.
Coliseum Theatre (Corinth, Mississippi)
The Coliseum Theatre is a historic theater building in Corinth, Mississippi. It is a Mississippi Landmark. The theater was designed by Benjamin F. Liddon and built in 1923 and 1924. It is being restored by the Corinth Area Arts Council with federal funding. It has been used as the Corinth Coliseum Civic Center. It was built in the movie palace style of the 1920s with ornate plasterwork and white marble. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Benjamin Franklin Liddon
Benjamin Franklin Liddon (May 1, 1876 – August, 1952) was an American businessman and civic leader. While residing in Corinth, Mississippi, he designed several buildings, including a theater and his home.
NGC 25
NGC 25 is a barred lenticular galaxy situated in the Phoenix constellation. It was discovered on 28 October 1834 by John Herschel.  It is the brightest cluster galaxy for Abell cluster 2731.
A supernova was discovered in NGC 25 on 15 November 2020.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.