hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire had a number of tributary and vassal states throughout its history.  Its tributary states would regularly send tribute to the Ottoman Empire, which was understood by both states as also being a token of submission.  In exchange for certain privileges, its vassal states were obligated to render support to the Ottoman Empire when called upon to do so.  Some of its vassal states were also tributary states.

These client states, many of which could be described by modern terms such as satellite states or puppet states, were usually on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire under suzerainty of the Sublime Porte, over which direct control was not established. The Ottoman Empire maintained relationships with various states, some of which were under their direct rule (provinces) and others that were vassal states or tributary states, meaning they recognized Ottoman suzerainty but retained a degree of autonomy.

Sublime Porte
The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (Ottoman Turkish: باب عالی, romanized: Bâb-ı Âlî or Babıali; Turkish pronunciation: [baːbɯˈaːliː]), was a metonymy used to refer collectively to the central government of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul. It is particularly referred to the building which housed the office of the Grand Vizier, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of the Interior, and the Supreme Council of Judicial Ordinances. Today it houses the office of the Istanbul governerate.
2018 South Sumatra gubernatorial election
The 2018 South Sumatra gubernatorial election took place on 27 June 2018 as part of the simultaneous local elections. It was held to elect the governor of South Sumatra along with their deputy, whilst members of the provincial council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah) was re-elected in 2019.

Incumbent governor Alex Noerdin was barred from participating due to constitutional term limits. Four pairs of candidates contested the election, including incumbent vice governor Ishak Mekki. Other candidates are regents of regencies within the province: Herman Deru from East Ogan Komering Ulu, Aswari Rivai from Lahat and Dodi Reza Alex Noerdin from Musi Banyuasin.

Herman Deru would proceed to win the election, winning around 36 percent of the votes, ahead of Noerdin who placed second with 31 percent.

East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency
East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur) is a regency of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. It was created on 18 December 2003 from what had formerly been the eastern districts of Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. It covers an area of 3,370 km2 and had a population of 609,982 at the 2010 Census and 649,853 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 694,832 (comprising 355,275 males and 339,557 females). The regency seat is the town of Martapura. It borders Ogan Ilir Regency to the north, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency to the west, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency in the east and Lampung Province and South Ogan Komering Ulu Regency in the south.
Thao Thep Krasattri and Thao Si Sunthon
Thao Thep Krasattri (ท้าวเทพกระษัตรี 1735 – 1792) and Thao Si Sunthon (ท้าวศรีสุนทร), formerly Khun Ying Chan (คุณหญิงจัน) and Khun Ying Muk (คุณหญิงมุก), respectively, are Thai national heroines who were known for their important roles in successfully repelling the Burmese Invasion of Thalang (modern Phuket) in 1786.

Thai honorifics
Honorifics are a class of words or grammatical morphemes that encode a wide variety of social relationships between interlocutors or between interlocutors and referents. Honorific phenomena in Thai include honorific registers, honorific pronominals, and honorific particles.
Bharatamlo Bala Chandrudu
Bharatamlo Bala Chandrudu  is a 1988 Telugu-language action film produced by D. Kishore under the Jayabheri Art Productions banner, presented by Murali Mohan and directed by Kodi Ramakrishna. It stars Nandamuri Balakrishna, Bhanupriya  and music  composed by Chakravarthy.

K. Chakravarthy
K. Chakravarthy (born Kommineni Appa Rao; 8 September 1936 – 3 February 2002) was an Indian music director and actor who primarily worked in Telugu cinema. He made his debut in 1971 with Mooga Prema and went on compose music for over 1000 films, predominantly in Telugu language (884 films), followed by Kannada (60 films). He won two Nandi Awards.
Wilhering College
Wilhering College is an Austrian private grammar school, situated in Wilhering, Upper Austria. It was founded in 1895 and is operated by the Cistercian monastery of Wilhering Abbey. Its roots as a monastic school go back to the 16th century.

Monastic school
Monastic schools (Latin: Scholae monasticae) were, along with cathedral schools, the most important institutions of higher learning in the Latin West from the early Middle Ages until the 12th century. Since Cassiodorus's educational program, the standard curriculum incorporated religious studies, the Trivium, and the Quadrivium. In some places monastic schools evolved into medieval universities which eventually largely superseded both institutions as centers of higher learning.
Safe (Firefly)
"Safe" is the fifth produced episode of the science fiction television series Firefly created by Joss Whedon. It premiered as the show's seventh episode on November 8, 2002 on Fox.

Written by Drew Z. Greenberg, and directed by Michael Grossman, the episode originally aired on November 8, 2002. The episode sees Malcolm Reynolds forced to choose which crew members to save when one is gravely wounded and two others are kidnapped. Simon Tam finds an uneasy haven in a remote village, but River's uncanny perceptions jeopardize the Tams' temporary safety.

The episode is the television debut of actor Zac Efron, who appears in flashback as the young Simon Tam.

Malcolm Reynolds
Malcolm "Mal" Reynolds is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Firefly franchise. Mal is played by actor Nathan Fillion in the 2002 TV series Firefly and the 2005 film Serenity. In the series, Mal is a former Browncoat sergeant and the captain of the "Firefly-class" spaceship Serenity. The character was named at No. 18 in TV Guide's Greatest Sci-Fi Legends list in 2004.
Nallur Electoral District
Nallur Electoral District was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between March 1960 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Nallur in Jaffna District, Northern Province. The district was carved out of the eastern part of Jaffna Electoral District in March 1960. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Nallur electoral district was replaced by the Jaffna multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Nallur continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.

Constitution of Sri Lanka
The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā āndukrama vyavasthāva, Tamil: இலங்கைச் சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசின் அரசமைப்பு, romanized: Ilaṅkaic caṉanāyaka cōcalicak kuṭiyaraciṉ aracamaippu) has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. As of October 2022 it has been formally amended 21 times.

It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution, replacing the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972, its third constitution since the country gained  independence within the British Commonwealth as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, and its fourth constitution overall.
Harriet Jane Lawrence
Harriet Jane Lawrence (September 13, 1883 – February 28, 1974) was an American physician and pathologist who was among the early women to specialize in laboratory medicine in the United States and the first known woman pathologist in Oregon. She earned her medical degree from Boston University School of Medicine in 1912 and established a clinical laboratory in Portland the following year, directing it for more than fifty years.

During the 1918 influenza pandemic, Lawrence isolated hemolytic streptococcus from infected patients and developed a bacterial vaccine intended to combat secondary pneumonia associated with influenza. Although the viral cause of influenza was not yet understood, her work contributed to statewide treatment efforts and brought her national recognition. Over the course of her career, she supported the early medical career of Alan L. Hart and advocated for expanded opportunities for women in medicine.

Boston University School of Medicine
The Boston University School of Medicine (formally the Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine) is the medical school of Boston University, a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1848. Originally known as the New England Female Medical College, it was renamed Boston University School of Medicine in 1873. It became the Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, in 2022. In 1864, it became the first medical school in the United States to award an MD degree to an African-American woman.

The school is the only medical school located in the South End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Boston Medical Center, its primary teaching hospital, operates the largest 24-hour Level I trauma center in New England, and the largest network of regional community health centers. The school is the home of the Framingham Heart Study, from which all knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors were originally discovered.
Marchois (dialect)
Marchois (French pronunciation: [maʁʃwa]) or Marchese (marchés in Occitan) is a transitional Occitan dialect between the Occitan language and the Oïl languages spoken in the historical region of La Marche, in northern Limousin and its region. Occitan and Oïl dialects meet there.

It covers the north-western borders of the Massif Central and forms the western part of the dialects of the Croissant which goes from Charente limousine to Montluçon.

Bourbonnais dialects
The Bourbonnais dialects are spoken in the historic region of Bourbonnais, located in central France and including the department of Allier the area surrounding Saint-Amand-Montrond, in southeastern Cher. This linguistic zone is located between those home to the languages of Oïl, Occitan, and Franco-Provençal.
Cari Batson Thomas
Cari Batson Thomas is a retired rear admiral of the United States Coast Guard and a 1984 graduate of the U. S. Coast Guard Academy. On January 22, 2010, Thomas became the third female commander of USCG Training Center Cape May to be advanced to a flag officer. Her final assignment was Assistant Commandant for Human Resources at the Coast Guard Academy.

Since retirement, she has been executive director of the Navy League, on the board of Navy Mutual Aid Association and on the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Military Services. She is the CEO of the Coast Guard Mutual Assistance Association and as an IMO Maritime Ambassador.

Navy League of the United States
The Navy League of the United States, commonly referred to as the Navy League, is a national association with nearly 50,000 members who advocate for a strong, credible United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard and U.S. Merchant Marine.

It was founded in 1902, at the suggestion of Theodore Roosevelt. The Navy League describes itself as "a civilian organization dedicated to the education of our citizens, including our elected officials, and the support of the men and women of the sea services and their families."
Advent (band)
Advent is a hardcore band from Kernersville, North Carolina. The band featured members of an earlier post-hardcore band named Beloved, and was formed in 2005 after the break of Beloved. The band had released two albums under the label Solid State Records. The band announced in July 2011 that they had disbanded, and held two final shows on September 2 and 3 in South Carolina and North Carolina, respectively. The band, as of 2015, had reunited and is releasing a new album titled, Pain and Suffering. The band has recently signed to Bridge 9. The group has been called "...one of the state's heaviest exports..."

Bridge 9 Records
Bridge 9 Records is an American hardcore record label located outside Beverly, Massachusetts. Bridge Nine is owned by Chris Wrenn of Salem, Massachusetts, who began the label in 1995 and produced its first release in 1996.

In 2022, the label opened a record store.
Auguste de Châtillon
Auguste de Châtillon (29 January 1808 – 26 March 1881) was a French painter, sculptor and poet. He was born and died in Paris. He, Théophile Gautier, Gérard de Nerval and Arsène Houssaye formed the "bohème du Doyenné".

Théophile Gautier
Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier (US: /ɡoʊˈtjeɪ/ goh-TYAY; French: [pjɛʁ ʒyl teɔfil ɡotje]; 30 August 1811 – 23 October 1872) was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and art and literary critic.

While an ardent defender of Romanticism, Gautier's work is difficult to classify and remains a point of reference for many subsequent literary traditions such as Parnassianism, Symbolism, Decadence and Modernism. He was widely esteemed by writers as disparate as Balzac, Baudelaire, the Goncourt brothers, Flaubert, Pound, Eliot, James, Proust and Wilde.
Robinsons Galleria South
Robinsons Galleria South (also known and branded as Galleria South), is a mall development located in Nueva, San Pedro, Laguna, Philippines. The mall is the first upscale shopping center in San Pedro City. The mall is owned and operated by Robinsons Malls. It is the 3rd Robinsons Mall to bear the Galleria branding after Robinsons Galleria and Robinsons Galleria Cebu. The mall opened on July 19, 2019.

San Pedro, Laguna
San Pedro, officially the City of San Pedro (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Pedro), is a  component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 348,968 people.

It is named after its patron saint, Saint Peter.

San Pedro has been dubbed as “dormitory town” of Metro Manila and migrants from other provinces commuting everyday through its highly efficient road and transport system. Despite being one of the smallest political units in the entire province, with a total land area of only 24.05 square kilometers (9.29 sq mi), San Pedro is the 5th most populous city (out of 6) after the cities of Biñan, Calamba, Santa Rosa and Cabuyao. The city also has the highest population density in the province of Laguna and in the whole Calabarzon region, having 15,000 inhabitants per square kilometer (39,000/sq mi). San Pedro became a component city of Laguna by virtue of Republic Act No. 10420 dated March 27, 2013.
Dianne de Leeuw
Dianne Margaret de Leeuw (born November 19, 1955) is a Dutch-American former competitive figure skater who represented the Netherlands. She is the 1975 World champion, the 1976 European champion, and the 1976 Olympic silver medalist.

1976 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1976 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior-level international competition held in Geneva, Switzerland on January 13–18. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Cathaleen's Fall Hydroelectric Power Station
Cathaleen's Fall hydroelectric power station is a hydroelectric plant located on the River Erne at Ballyshannon in County Donegal, Ireland. Also known as Ballyshannon, it is owned and operated by the ESB Group. The plant consists of two Kaplan turbines providing a combined capacity of 45 MW (60,000 hp) within a concrete gravity dam 257 m (843 ft) long. Constructed between 1946 and 1955, it is the larger of two hydroelectric plants built between Belleek and Ballyshannon at the same time. Despite construction of the dam meaning the destruction of Assaroe Falls, a local beauty spot, Camlin Castle and many other dwellings, there was no local or national resistance to the project. It was the Republic of Ireland's first act of major co-operation with Northern Ireland since independence. The site appears in Conor McPherson's The Weir,  to represent the fictional location in the play.

Gravity dam
A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by using only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section. (In contrast, sections of an arch dam are not independently stable, and instead rely on transmitting force through neighboring sections to the abutments, often anchored into canyon walls.)
Dazzled and Deceived
Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage is a 2009 book on camouflage and mimicry, in nature and military usage, by the science writer and journalist Peter Forbes. It covers the history of these topics from the 19th century onwards, describing the discoveries of Henry Walter Bates, Alfred Russel Wallace and Fritz Müller, especially their studies of butterflies in the Amazon. The narrative also covers 20th-century military camouflage, begun by the painter Abbot Thayer who advocated disruptive coloration and countershading and continued in the First World War by the zoologist John Graham Kerr and the marine artist Norman Wilkinson, who developed dazzle camouflage. In the Second World War, the leading expert was Hugh Cott, who advised the British army on camouflage in the Western Desert.

The book was well received by critics, both military historians and biologists, and won the 2011 Warwick Prize for Writing.

Hugh B. Cott
Hugh Bamford Cott (6 July 1900 – 18 April 1987) was a British zoologist, an authority on both natural and military camouflage, and a scientific illustrator and photographer. Many of his field studies took place in Africa, where he was especially interested in the Nile crocodile, the evolution of pattern and colour in animals. During the Second World War, Cott worked as a camouflage expert for the British Army and helped to influence War Office policy on camouflage. His book Adaptive Coloration in Animals (1940), popular among serving soldiers, was the major textbook on camouflage in zoology of the twentieth century. After the war, he became a Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge. As a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London, he undertook expeditions to Africa and the Amazon to collect specimens, mainly reptiles and amphibians.
Joan C. Williams
Joan Chalmers Williams is an American law professor who is Distinguished Professor of Law (Emerita) at  University of California College of the Law, San Francisco. She has published 12 books and 116 academic articles in law, sociology, psychology, and management journals.

University of California College of the Law, San Francisco
The University of California College of the Law, San Francisco (UC Law SF or UC Law) is a public law school in San Francisco. Formerly known as the University of California, Hastings College of the Law (UC Hastings), the school was founded in 1878 by Serranus Clinton Hastings, the first chief justice of the Supreme Court of California. It was the first law school of the University of California and one of the first law schools established in California. Although part of the University of California, UC Law SF is not directly governed by the Regents of the University of California.
2012 Giro di Lombardia
The 2012 Giro di Lombardia or 2012 Il Lombardia was the 106th edition of the Giro di Lombardia single-day cycling race, often known as the Race of the Falling Leaves. It was held on 29 September 2012, over a distance of 251 km (156.0 mi), starting in Bergamo and ending in Lecco. It was the penultimate event of the season in the 2012 UCI World Tour. The very steep climb Muro di Sormano returned to the route during the 2012 edition after an absence of fifty years and was situated before the Madonna del Ghisallo climb. Joaquim Rodríguez (Team Katusha) won the race after a solo breakaway initiated on the final climb of the day. He became the first Spaniard to win this Classic.

Muro di Sormano
The Muro di Sormano (English: Wall of Sormano) is a hill located in Sormano, Italy. This climb is one of the most severe to have been used in road cycling, with an average gradient of 17% and a maximum of 27%. The road up the climb, fell into disuse from 1963 to 2006. After pressure from local cyclists it was restored, and now features split-times and quotes from the riders of the climb in the 1960s era stencilled on the road. The current record time for the climb is 7 minutes 36 seconds, achieved by local rider Matteo Cappè.
Victor Simões
Victor Simões, full name Victor Simões de Oliveira (/siːˈmɔɪnz/ see-MOYNZ; Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvik.toʁ siˈmõj̃ʒ ˈd͡ʒi o.liˈve(j).ɾɐ]; born March 23, 1981, in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian footballer who last played for Umm Salal SC in the Qatar Stars League.

Umm Salal SC
Umm Salal Sport Club (Arabic: نادي أم صلال الرياضي) is a Qatari professional football club based in Umm Salal, that competes in the Qatar Stars League, the highest tier of Qatari football. Previously called Al-Tadamun Sport Club, Umm Salal is best known for being the first Qatari club that made it to the semi-finals of the AFC Champions League.
TT139
The Tomb of the Nobles (Theban tomb) TT139 is located at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, in the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Luxor in Egypt. The Tombs of the Nobles was intended for the burials of nobles and officials connected to the ruling houses, especially of the powerful New Kingdom of Egypt from the 18th dynasty to the 20th dynasty. However, the area had already been used as a burial necropolis since the Old Kingdom of Egypt and, subsequently, up to the Saite period (with the 26th dynasty) and Ptolemaic period.

It is the tomb of Pairy or Pairi (Pȝ-jrj), a wab-priest  of Amun, overseer of the peasants, dating from the reign of king Amenhotep III (18th Dynasty of Egypt). Pairy also held the title of "High Priest of Ptah at Karnak under Amenhotep III.  One of the tomb's chapel walls shows Pairy making offerings to his parents; Pairy's father is identified as a certain Shuroy who was a serving priest and servant of the gods Ptah and Hathor at Thebes.

Thebes, Egypt
Thebes (Egyptian Arabic: طيبه), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras.

The city was close to Nubia and the Eastern Desert, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a religious center and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient Egyptian history.

The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and where the city was situated; and the western bank, where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found. In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.