hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crasis
Crasis (/ˈkreɪsɪs/; from the Greek κρᾶσις, lit. 'mixing'  or 'blending') is a type of contraction in which two vowels or diphthongs merge into one new vowel or diphthong, making one word out of two (univerbation). Crasis occurs in many languages, including French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish; it was first described in Ancient Greek.

In some cases, as in the French examples, crasis involves the grammaticalization of two individual lexical items into one. However, in other cases, like in the Greek examples, crasis is the orthographic representation of the encliticization and the vowel reduction of one grammatical form with another. The difference between them is that the Greek examples involve two grammatical words and a single phonological word, but the French examples involve a single phonological word and grammatical word.

Univerbation
In linguistics,   univerbation is the diachronic process of combining a fixed expression of several words into a new single word.

The univerbating process is epitomized in Talmy Givón's aphorism that "today's morphology is yesterday's syntax".
The Scarlet Letter (2004 film)
The Scarlet Letter (Korean: 주홍글씨; RR: Juhonggeulssi) is a 2004 South Korean erotic thriller film about a police detective who investigates a murder case while struggling to hang onto his relationships with his wife and mistress. The film's title is taken from the 1850 novel of the same name. It is the second film by La Femis-graduate and academic Byun Hyuk (Daniel H. Byun) after the Dogme 95 film Interview (2000), and starred Han Suk-kyu, Lee Eun-ju, Sung Hyun-ah and Uhm Ji-won. The film debuted as the closing film of the Pusan International Film Festival in 2004. The film is based on novelist Kim Young-ha's short stories A Meditation On Mirror and Photo Shop Murder.

The Scarlet Letter was released in October 28, 2004 on South Korea. The film was Lee's last feature-length acting performance before her death in February 2005.

Busan International Film Festival
The Busan International Film Festival (BIFF; Korean: 부산국제영화제), formerly the Pusan International Film Festival (PIFF), held annually in Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea, is one of the most significant film festivals in Asia. The first festival, held from 13 to 21 September 1996, was also the first international film festival in Korea.

The main focus of the BIFF is to introduce new films and first-time directors, especially those from Asian countries. Another notable feature is the appeal of the festival to young people, both in terms of the large youthful audience it attracts and through its efforts to develop and promote young talent.

In 1999, the Pusan Promotion Plan (renamed Asian Project Market in 2011) was established to connect new directors to funding sources. The 16th BIFF in 2011 saw the festival move to a new permanent home, the Busan Cinema Center in Centum City.
Pypkowo
Pypkowo [pɨpˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Stężyca, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Gmina Stężyca (Kashubian: Stãżëca) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Stężyca, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Kartuzy and 48 km (30 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 160.3 square kilometres (61.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,695.
Yuichi Nakamaru
Yūichi Nakamaru (中丸雄一, Nakamaru Yuuichi; born on September 4, 1983 in Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan), is a Japanese singer-songwriter, actor, television personality and radio host under Starto Entertainment. He joined the talent agency Johnny & Associates in 1998 and then officially debuted as part of KAT-TUN in 2006, group to which he belonged until its disbandment in April 2025.

Individually, he has acted in numerous drama serials and is most known as a commentator and host of his own segment on NTV information variety show Sunday Countdown Show Shūichi.

Kita, Tokyo
Kita (北区, Kita-ku, "Northern ward") is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is City of Kita. The ward was founded on March 15, 1947.

As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 340,287, and a population density of 16,510 persons per km2. The total area is 20.61 km2.
Luisa Fuentes
Luisa Estela Fuentes Quijandría (19 August 1948 – 28 May 2025), more commonly known as Lucha Fuentes, was a Peruvian volleyball player who played with the national team in the 1968 and 1976 Summer Olympics. As the captain of the Peruvian team, she was nicknamed "La Gran Capitana" ("The Grand Captain").

Peru women's national volleyball team
The Peru women's national volleyball team represents Peru in international women's volleyball. It is governed by the Peruvian Volleyball Federation (FVF) and was one of the dominant forces in women's volleyball in the 1980s, culminating in the silver medal won at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.
The team's nickname is Las Hijas del Sol (The Sun's daughters).
Walden Ridge
Walden Ridge (or Walden's Ridge) is a mountain ridge and escarpment located in Tennessee in the United States. It marks the eastern edge of the Cumberland Plateau and is generally considered part of it. Walden Ridge is about 74 miles (119 km) long, running generally north-south. Its highest point is at Hinch Mountain (near Crossville), which reaches 3,048 feet (929 m) above sea level. Sometimes Walden Ridge is called the Cumberland Escarpment.

Cumberland Plateau
The Cumberland Plateau is the southern part of the Appalachian Plateau in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States. It includes much of eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, and portions of northern Alabama and northwest Georgia. The terms "Allegheny Plateau" and the "Cumberland Plateau" both refer to the dissected plateau lands lying west of the main Appalachian Mountains. The terms stem from historical usage rather than geological difference, so there is no strict dividing line between the two. Two major rivers share the names of the plateaus, with the Allegheny River rising in the Allegheny Plateau and the Cumberland River rising in the Cumberland Plateau in Harlan County, Kentucky.
Sudovian language
Sudovian (also known as Yotvingian, or Jatvingian) was a West Baltic language of Northeastern Europe. Sudovian was closely related to Old Prussian. It was formerly spoken southwest of the Neman river in what is now Lithuania, east of Galindia and in the north of Yotvingia, and by exiles in East Prussia.

Yotvingia
54°30′N 23°00′E﻿ / ﻿54.500°N 23.000°E﻿ / 54.500; 23.000

Yotvingia, or Sudovia, was a region where the Baltic tribe known as Yotvingians lived. It was located in the area of Sudovia and Dainava; south west from the upper Nemunas, between Marijampolė, Merkinė (Lithuania), Slonim, Kobryn (Belarus), Białystok, and Ełk (Poland).

Today this area corresponds mostly to the Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland, Marijampolė County of Lithuania and a part of Hrodna Province and Brest Province of Belarus.
Sant'Ermo
Sant'Ermo is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Casciana Terme Lari, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 114.

Sant'Ermo is about 40 km from Pisa and 7 km from Lari.

Casciana Terme Lari
Casciana Terme Lari is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Florence and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Pisa.
Sandhi
Sandhi (/sænˈdiː/ san-DEE; Sanskrit: सन्धि, lit. 'joining', pronounced [sɐnˈdʱi]) is any of a wide variety of sound changes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries. Examples include fusion of sounds across word boundaries and the alteration of one sound depending on nearby sounds or the grammatical function of the adjacent words. Sandhi belongs to morphophonology.

Sandhi occurs in many languages, e.g. in the phonology of Indian languages (especially Sanskrit, Tamil,  Sinhala, Telugu, Marathi, Hindi, Pali, Kannada, Odia, Bengali, Assamese and Malayalam). Many dialects of British English show linking and intrusive R.

Tone sandhi in particular defines tone changes affecting adjacent words and syllables. This is a common feature of many tonal languages such as Burmese and Chinese.

Crasis
Crasis (/ˈkreɪsɪs/; from the Greek κρᾶσις, lit. 'mixing'  or 'blending') is a type of contraction in which two vowels or diphthongs merge into one new vowel or diphthong, making one word out of two (univerbation). Crasis occurs in many languages, including French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish; it was first described in Ancient Greek.

In some cases, as in the French examples, crasis involves the grammaticalization of two individual lexical items into one. However, in other cases, like in the Greek examples, crasis is the orthographic representation of the encliticization and the vowel reduction of one grammatical form with another. The difference between them is that the Greek examples involve two grammatical words and a single phonological word, but the French examples involve a single phonological word and grammatical word.
2020 Buffalo Bulls football team
The 2020 Buffalo Bulls football team represented the University at Buffalo as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by Lance Leipold in his sixth and final year as head coach in a limited season, which was initially canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic before being reinstated, the Bulls compiled an overall record of 6–1 with a mark of 5–0 in conference play, winning the MAC's East Division title. Buffalo advanced to the MAC Championship Game, where the Bulls lost to Ball State. They concluded the season with a win over Marshall in the Camellia Bowl. The team played home games at University at Buffalo Stadium in Amherst, New York.

Following the season, on April 30, 2021, Leipold left the team become the head football coach at the University of Kansas. A few days later, the school named Michigan co-defensive coordinator Maurice Linguist the team's new head coach.

2020 MAC Championship Game
The 2020 MAC Championship Game was a college football game played on Friday, December 18, 2020, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan, to determine the 2020 champion of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The game was contested by the Buffalo Bulls, East Division champions, and the Ball State Cardinals, West Division champions. Sponsored by mortgage lending company Quicken Loans through their Rocket Mortgage brand, the game was officially known as the Rocket Mortgage MAC Championship Game. Ball State defeated Buffalo, 38–28 to claim their first MAC championship since 1996.
Harald Schultz
Harald Schultz (Latvian: Haralds Šulcs; 10 November 1895 – 15 March 1957) was a German general during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Schultz surrendered to the Soviet forces in the Courland Pocket in 1945. Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union, he was held until 1955.

Courland Pocket
The Courland Pocket was a pocket located on the Courland Peninsula in Latvia on the Eastern Front of World War II from 9 October 1944 to 10 May 1945.

Army Group North of the Wehrmacht were surrounded in western Latvia by the Red Army after the Baltic Offensive, when forces of the 1st Baltic Front reached the Baltic Sea near Memel (Klaipėda) after the collapse of Army Group Centre during Operation Bagration. Army Group North retreated to the Courland Pocket and was renamed Army Group Courland on 25 January, holding off six Red Army offensives until the German Instrument of Surrender was signed on 8 May 1945. Army Group Courland were in a communication "blackout" and did not get the official order until 10 May, becoming one of the last German groups to surrender in Europe.
Carbon monosulfide
Carbon monosulfide is a chemical compound with the formula CS. This diatomic molecule is the sulfur analogue of carbon monoxide, and is unstable as a solid or a liquid, but it has been observed as a gas both in the laboratory and in the interstellar medium. The molecule resembles carbon monoxide with a triple bond between carbon and sulfur. The molecule is not intrinsically unstable, but it tends to polymerize in sunlight to a brown mass, as first discovered in 1868 and 1872.  The polymer is quite stable, decomposing a little at 360 °C to carbon disulfide. This tendency towards polymerization reflects the greater stability of C–S single bonds.

Polymers with the formula (CS)n have been reported, and the formal dimer is ethenedithione. Also, CS has been observed as a ligand in some transition metal thiocarbonyl complexes such as  Fe(CO)4CS.

The simplest carbon monosulfide synthesis decomposes carbon disulfide in a high-voltage AC arc.

Transition metal thiocarbonyl complex
A transition metal thiocarbonyl complex is a coordination compound containing the ligand CS.  Whereas metal carbonyl complexes are very common, even industrially important, only a few dozen thiocarbonyl complexes are known.
Sumter County School District (Georgia)
The Sumter County School District is a public school district in Sumter County, Georgia, United States, based in Americus. It includes the entire county, and serves the communities of Americus, Andersonville, Cobb, De Soto, Leslie, and Plains.

Americus, Georgia
Americus is the county seat of Sumter County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 16,230. It is the principal city of the Americus Micropolitan Statistical Area, a micropolitan area that covers Schley and Sumter counties and had a combined population of 36,966 at the 2000 census.

Habitat for Humanity was founded in Americus and its international headquarters is there, as well as The Fuller Center for Housing's international headquarters, Georgia Southwestern State University, the Windsor Hotel, The Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregivers, and many other organizations. The city is notable for its rich history, including a large business and residential historic district, being one of the 29 places where Martin Luther King was jailed, the infamous Leesburg Stockade incident, and its close proximity to Jimmy Carter National Historical Park, Andersonville National Historic Site, and Koinonia Farm.
Lufu-Toto
Lufu-Toto, formerly known as Cattier after Félicien Cattier, is a locality in the province of Bas-Congo in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a secondary station on the Matadi-Kinshasa railway line, housing the depots of the Office National des Transports (ONATRA).

The locality is also known as the birthplace of the musician Ray Lema.

5°26′00″S 14°45′0″E﻿ / ﻿5.43333°S 14.75000°E﻿ / -5.43333; 14.75000

Félicien Cattier
Félicien Cattier (1869–1946) was a prominent Belgian banker, financier and philanthropist. He was also professor of law at the Free University of Brussels. He was governor of the powerful trust, the Société Générale de Belgique and chairman of the Union minière du-Haut-Katanga amongst many other companies.
Ibn al-Abbar
Ibn al-Abbār (ابن الأبار), he was Hāfiẓ Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abū Bakr al-Qudā'ī al-Balansī  (أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي بكر بن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن القضاعي البلنسي) (1199–1260) a secretary to Hafsid dynasty princes, well-known poet, diplomat, jurist and hadith scholar from al-Andalus and perhaps the most famous man of letters produced by the city of Valencia ('Balansiya') during the Middle Ages.

Muhammad I al-Mustansir
Muhammad I al-Mustansir (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد المستنصر, romanized: Abu Abd Allah Muhammad al-Mustansir ibn Yahya; c. 1228–1277) was the second Sultan of Ifriqiya of the Hafsid dynasty and the first to claim the title of Khalif. Al-Mustansir concluded a peace agreement to end the Eighth Crusade launched by Louis IX of France in 1270. Muhammad I al-Mustansir had been a vassal of the Kingdom of Sicily, but had shaken off his allegiance when King Manfred was overthrown by King Charles I.
H. L. "Hub" Hollis Field
H. L. "Hub" Hollis Field is a baseball venue located in Paris, Texas, and the home of the Paris Junior College Dragons baseball team. The facility is named after the school's first Athletic Director and Head Football Coach, who worked in the 1920s.

Paris Junior College
Paris Junior College (PJC) is a public community college with three campuses in East Texas: Paris, Greenville, and Sulphur Springs.  The college was founded in 1924 as a campus of Paris Independent School District. Nearly 5,000 students are enrolled at the college.
4th Motor Brigade (Australia)
The 4th Motor Brigade was a formation of the Australian Army during the interwar years and the early part of the World War II. A formation of the part-time Militia, the brigade was formed in 1921 as the 4th Cavalry Brigade. At this time, it consisted of three light horse regiments based in southern and western New South Wales. During World War II, the brigade was mobilised for defensive duties in December 1941, and assumed positions along the southern New South Wales coast to defend against a possible invasion. It was converted into the 4th Motor Brigade in March 1942 when it was motorised. As a motor brigade, the 4th undertook defensive duties on the south coast of New South Wales before it was converted into an armoured formation, designated the 3rd Army Tank Brigade in May 1942.

Australian Light Horse
Australian Light Horse were mounted troops with characteristics of both cavalry and mounted infantry, who served in the Second Boer War and World War I. During the inter-war years, a number of regiments were raised as part of Australia's part-time military force. These units were gradually mechanised either before or during World War II, although only a small number undertook operational service during the war. A number of Australian light horse units are still in existence today.
EyeWriter
The EyeWriter is a low-cost eye tracking system originally designed for paralyzed graffiti artist Tempt1. The EyeWriter system uses inexpensive cameras and open-source computer vision software to track the wearer's eye movements.

EyeWriter was conceived by Mick Ebeling and developed at Ebeling's home in Venice Beach by artists and engineers from the Free Art & Technology Lab, Graffiti Research Lab and OpenFrameworks teams, including Zachary Lieberman, Evan Roth, James Powderly, Theo Watson and Chris Sugrue.

The project has been recognized with numerous awards including being honored by Time as one of the Top 50 inventions of 2010, the 2010 Prix Ars Electronica, the 2010 FutureEverything Award and featured on NPR and TED.

EyeWriter was featured in 2009 at the CREAM International Festival for Arts & Media in Yokohama.  Tempt1 was also featured in 2009 projected on Kyoto City Hall.  EyeWriter was part of the Talk to Me exhibit at MoMA on display from July 24 until November 7, 2011.

James Powderly
James Powderly (born 1976 in Chattanooga, Tennessee) is an American artist, designer and engineer whose work has focused on creating tools for graffiti artists and political activists, designing robots and augmented reality platforms, and promoting open source culture.
Stuttgart Public Schools
Stuttgart Public Schools (officially: Stuttgart School District) is the public school district for students of primary and secondary education in the Stuttgart, Arkansas and surrounding areas.

It includes the unincorporated areas of Casscoe and Lodge Corner.

The district's school board of education consists of seven members who establish policies for the four schools to operate. Since 1999, attendance in the district has ranged between 1,800 and 2,050 students each year. The district employs nearly 165 certified teachers and 92 support staff.

Stuttgart, Arkansas
Stuttgart is a city in and the county seat of the northern district of Arkansas County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Stuttgart had a population of 8,264.

Known as the "Rice and Duck Capital of the World", Stuttgart is an international destination for waterfowl hunting along the Mississippi Flyway. Founded in 1880, it was named for Stuttgart, Germany. Stuttgart is situated on the Arkansas Grand Prairie, a region known for rice cultivation. The economy is largely based on agricultural production, waterfowl tourism, and supporting industries.

It is located on U.S. Route 165, approximately 45 miles (72 km) southeast of Little Rock; and on U.S. Route 79 approximately 110 miles southwest of Memphis, Tennessee. Stuttgart is also on the Union Pacific Railroad between Memphis, Tennessee, and Pine Bluff, Arkansas.
Saint-Denis-les-Ponts
Saint-Denis-les-Ponts (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ dəni le pɔ̃]) is a former commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Saint-Denis-Lanneray.

Saint-Denis-Lanneray
Saint-Denis-Lanneray (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ dəni lanʁɛ]) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Saint-Denis-les-Ponts (the seat) and Lanneray.
Single Shankarum Smartphone Simranum
Single Shankarum Smartphone Simranum (transl. Single Shankar and Smartphone Simran) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language science fiction comedy film directed by Vignesh Sha P. N. The film stars Shiva, Megha Akash and  Anju Kurian in the lead roles with Ma Ka Pa Anand and Mano in supporting roles. It was released on 24 February 2023 to mixed reviews.

Shiva (actor)
Shiva is an Indian actor and dialogue writer who appears in Tamil films. Prior to his acting career, Shiva worked as a radio jockey with Radio Mirchi. His tenure earned him the nickname Mirchi Shiva.  Acting mainly in comedy films, he rose to fame following his performances in the Venkat Prabhu directorials Chennai 600028 (2007) and Saroja (2008). He is humorously known by fans as "Agila Ulaga Superstar" (worldwide superstar) after his hilarious spoof on Tamil cinema's portrayal in Tamizh Padam (2010).
Vijay Patkar
Vijay Patkar (born 29 May 1963) is an Indian theatre, television, Marathi film and Bollywood actor.

He is known for his comic roles in films including Tezaab, Apna Sapna Money Money, Golmaal 3, Tees Maar Khan, Daddy Cool, All the Best: Fun Begins and Singham.

Patkar is the president of Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Chitrapat Mahamandal (ABMCM).

All the Best: Fun Begins
All The Best: Fun Begins is a 2009 Indian Hindi-language action comedy film directed by Rohit Shetty and produced by Ajay Devgn. An official adaptation of the English comedy play Right Bed, Wrong Husband published by Samuel French, Inc., it stars Ajay Devgn, Sanjay Dutt, Fardeen Khan, Bipasha Basu, Johny Lever, Sanjay Mishra and Mugdha Godse.

The film opened theatrically on 16 October 2009, coinciding with Diwali, and was successful at the box office. It was subsequently remade with slight changes in the story in Malayalam in 2010 as Best of Luck which went on to be remade in Kannada in 2015 as Ond Chance Kodi.
Kenosha County Library System
The Kenosha County Library System (KCLS) is the southeastern-most of 15 public library systems in Wisconsin, serving Kenosha County. Along with the Milwaukee County Federated Library System (MCFLS), it is one of only two single-county public library organizations in the state.

The KCLS has two members, the Kenosha Public Library (KPL) serving the city of Kenosha, and the Community Library, which serves the town of Randall and the villages of Paddock Lake, Salem Lakes, and Twin Lakes.

Salem Lakes, Wisconsin
Salem Lakes, formerly the town of Salem and the village of Silver Lake, is a village in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, United States. The village was created by a municipal merger on February 14, 2017. The population was 14,601 at the 2020 census. The communities of Benet Lake, Camp Lake, Cross Lake, Fox River, Lake Shangrila, Liberty Corners, Salem, Salem Oaks, Silver Lake, Trevor, Voltz Lake, and Wilmot are wholly or partially located in the village.