hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Drummond (colonial governor)
William Drummond (born c. 1617, died January 20, 1677) was a Scottish indentured servant in Virginia who became the first colonial governor of Albemarle Sound settlement in the Province of Carolina, but alienated Virginia governor William Berkeley, became a ringleader of Bacon's Rebellion and was executed after his capture.

Lake Drummond
Lake Drummond is a freshwater lake at the center of the Great Dismal Swamp, a marshy region on the Coastal Plain of southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina between Norfolk, Virginia, and Elizabeth City, North Carolina, in the United States. Its surface area is approximately 3,142 acres (13 km2) and its maximum depth is 6 ft (2 m). It is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

Lake Drummond is one of only two natural freshwater lakes in Virginia. The other, Mountain Lake in Giles County, is also of unknown origin. Both are lakes essentially on top of hills. Drummond is the highest point in the Dismal Swamp, with nine small ditches flowing out of it.
Saint-Hymetière
Saint-Hymetière (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿imtjɛʁ]) is a former commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Saint-Hymetière-sur-Valouse.

Saint-Hymetière-sur-Valouse
Saint-Hymetière-sur-Valouse is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Chemilla (the seat), Cézia, Lavans-sur-Valouse and Saint-Hymetière.
Roger A. Beaver
Roger Anthony Beaver (born 1936) is a biologist who has worked at University College of North Wales, Chiang Mai University, the University of Zambia and the University of the South Pacific. He has published several important papers on Nepenthes infauna, including "Fauna and food webs of pitcher plants in West Malaysia" (1979), "The communities living in Nepenthes pitcher plants: fauna and food webs" (1983), and "Geographical variation in food web structure in Nepenthes pitcher plants" (1985). The species Cryptoxilos beaveri was named in his honour.

Chiang Mai University
Chiang Mai University (CMU; Thai: มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่; Northern Thai: ᨾᩉᩣᩅᩥᨴᨿᩣᩱᩃ᩠ᨿᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩉᩲ᩠ᨾ᩵) is a national public research university in northern Thailand founded in 1964. It has a strong emphasis on engineering, science, agriculture, and medicine. Its instructional mission includes undergraduate, graduate, professional, and continuing education offered through resident instruction. Its main campus lies between central Chiang Mai and Doi Suthep in Chiang Mai province.

The university was the first institution of higher education in northern Thailand and the first provincial university in Thailand.
Edward Stringham
Edward Peter Stringham (born January 18, 1975) is an Austrian School American economist, former President of the American Institute for Economic Research in Great Barrington, Massachusetts (until May 2021), and the Davis Professor of Economic Innovation at Trinity College (Connecticut).

American Institute for Economic Research
The American Institute for Economic Research (AIER) is a free-market, libertarian think tank located in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1933 by Edward C. Harwood, an economist and investment advisor, and is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. From January 2022 to April 2025, its president was William P. Ruger, who resigned to serve as Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Mission Integration under president Donald Trump. Ruger was succeeded by Samuel Gregg in 2025.

AIER maintains a global network of local chapters called Harwood Salons (previously called the Bastiat Society).

AIER is linked to the climate change counter-movement. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it issued the Great Barrington Declaration, which was condemned by health organizations but influenced some policies of Trump and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson.
Aubrey Mwasinga
Aubrey Mwasinga (born 21 December 1986) is the founder and president of Raised For a Purpose Ministries also known as RFP Ministries, headquartered in Blantyre, Malawi, Southeastern Africa. Aubrey is also an accountant, author, and philanthropist. In October 2011, Aubrey Mwasinga married Emma Mwasinga. They have a son and a daughter.

Blantyre
Blantyre is Malawi's centre of finance and commerce, and its second largest city, with a population of 800,264 as of 2018. It is sometimes referred to as the commercial and industrial capital of Malawi as opposed to the political capital, Lilongwe. It is the capital of the country's Southern Region as well as the Blantyre District.
Whaling in New Zealand
Commercial whaling in New Zealand waters began late in the 18th century and continued until 1965. It was a major economic activity for Europeans in New Zealand in the first four decades of the 19th century. Nineteenth-century whaling was based on hunting the southern right whale and the sperm whale and 20th-century whaling concentrated on the humpback whale.

There is now an established industry for whale watching based in the South Island town of Kaikōura and at other ports in New Zealand.

Whale watching
Whale watching is the practice of observing whales and dolphins (cetaceans) in their natural habitat. Whale watching is mostly a recreational activity (cf. birdwatching), but it can also serve scientific and/or educational purposes. A study prepared for International Fund for Animal Welfare in 2009 estimated that 13 million people went whale watching globally in 2008. Whale watching generates $2.1 billion per annum in tourism revenue worldwide, employing around 13,000 workers. The size and rapid growth of the industry has led to complex and continuing debates with the whaling industry about the best use of whales as a natural resource.
Ferguson River (Western Australia)
Ferguson River is a river in the South West region of Western Australia.

The river has a total length of 36 kilometres (22 mi) and rises in the Darling Range below Wellington Mill then flows in a north-westerly direction until discharging into the Preston River at Picton near Bunbury. The only tributary of the river is Hough Brook.

The river was named after John Ferguson by the surveyor H.M. Ommanney. Ferguson owned a property along the river that Ommanney was surveying at the time.

The Ferguson Valley is a tourist area in the Shire of Dardanup with several wineries, restaurants, boutique breweries and art galleries to be found amongst the picturesque rolling hills. The area is also still utilised for grazing of dairy cattle.

Bunbury, Western Australia
Bunbury (/ˈbʌnbəɹɪ/ BUN-bə-REE; Noongar: Goomburrup) is a coastal city in the Australian state of Western Australia, approximately 175 kilometres (109 mi) south of the state capital, Perth. It is the state's third most populous city after Perth and Mandurah, with a population of approximately 75,000.

Located at the south of the Leschenault Estuary, Bunbury was established in 1836 on the orders of Governor James Stirling, A port was constructed on the existing natural harbour soon after, and eventually became the main port for the wider South West region. Further economic growth was fuelled by completion of the South Western Railway in 1893, which linked Bunbury with Perth.

Greater Bunbury includes four local government areas (the City of Bunbury and the shires of Capel, Dardanup, and Harvey), and extends between Yarloop in the north, Boyanup to the south and Capel to the southwest.
Poncé-sur-le-Loir
Poncé-sur-le-Loir is a former commune in the Sarthe département in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Loir en Vallée. Its inhabitants are called Poncéens.

Loir en Vallée
Loir en Vallée (French pronunciation: [lwaʁ ɑ̃ vale], literally Loir in Valley) is a commune in the department of Sarthe, northwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Ruillé-sur-Loir (the seat), La Chapelle-Gaugain, Lavenay and Poncé-sur-le-Loir.

Ruillé-sur-Loir was the first home to the Brothers of St. Joseph, now the Congregation of Holy Cross associated with the University of Notre Dame.
Fedorivka rural hromada
Fedorivka rural hromada (Ukrainian: Федорівська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Its administrative center is the village of Fedorivka.

It has an area of 275.0 square kilometres (106.2 sq mi) and a population of 3,285, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 11 settlements, which are all villages:

Polohy Raion
Polohy Raion (Ukrainian: Пологівський район) is one of the five raions (districts) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine. The administrative center of the region is the town of Polohy. Population: 163,641 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Polohy Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 38,636 (2020 est.).
Arrondissements of the Morbihan department
The three arrondissements of the Morbihan department are:

Arrondissement of Lorient, (subprefecture: Lorient) with 58 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 320,544 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Pontivy, (subprefecture: Pontivy) with 92 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 156,187 in 2021.

Arrondissement of Vannes, (prefecture of the Morbihan department: Vannes) with 99 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 291,956 in 2021.

Morbihan
The Morbihan (/mɔːrbiˈɒ̃/ mor-bee-ON; French: [mɔʁbi(j)ɑ̃]; Breton: Mor-Bihan [moːrˈbiː(h)ãn]) is a department in the administrative region of Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. It had a population of 759,684 in 2019. It is noted for its Carnac stones, which predate and are more extensive than the Stonehenge monument in Wiltshire, England.

Three major military educational facilities are located in Guer, including École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, the national military academy for officers.
LAN Chile Flight 1069
LAN Chile Flight 1069 was a passenger flight which suffered an accident at Puerto Williams Airport in Chile on February 20, 1991. The regional flight from Punta Arenas Airport, approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) distant, overran the runway on arrival at Puerto Williams, killing 20 of the 66 passengers. All 6 crew members survived.

Guardia Marina Zañartu Airport
Guardia Marina Zañartu Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Guardia Marina Zañartu) (IATA: WPU, ICAO: SCGZ) is an airport serving the town of Puerto Williams on the north shore of Navarino Island in the Magallanes Region of Chile. The island is at the southern tip of Chile, and is across a narrow strait from Argentina called Beagle Channel. It is the world's southernmost airport with regular scheduled flights.

The airport is maintained by the General Directorate of Civil Aviation of Chile (DGAC Chile). The runway is on a small peninsula running parallel to the island's shore, and approaches to either end are partially over the water. There is mountainous terrain to the north and to the south.

Navigation is supported by a VOR-DME on the field.
Maksimilijan Vrhovac
Maksimilijan Vrhovac (23 November 1752 – 16 December 1827) was the bishop of Zagreb. He was one of the ideological architects of the Croatian national revival, and is notable for founding the Maksimir Park in 1787, one of the first major public parks in Southeast Europe. Vrhovac was a member of the Freemasons.

Illyrian movement
The Illyrian movement (Croatian: Ilirski pokret; Slovene: Ilirsko gibanje) was a pan-South-Slavic cultural and political campaign with roots in the early modern period, and revived by a group of young Croatian intellectuals during the first half of the 19th century, around the years of 1835 to 1863. This movement aimed to create a Croatian national establishment in Austria-Hungary through linguistic and ethnic unity, and through it lay the foundation for cultural and linguistic unification of all South Slavs under the revived umbrella term Illyrian.

Aspects of the movement pertaining to the development of Croatian culture are considered in Croatian historiography to be part of the Croatian national revival (Croatian: Hrvatski narodni preporod).
Bien Hoa Air Base
Bien Hoa Air Base (Vietnamese: Sân bay Biên Hòa) is a Vietnam Air Defence - Air Force (VN ADAF) military airfield located in South-Central southern Vietnam about 25 km (16 miles) from Ho Chi Minh City,  across the Dong Nai river in the northern ward of Tân Phong, and within the city of Biên Hòa within Đồng Nai Province.  The boomburb city is densely populated and rings the base, despite significant levels of Agent Orange toxins simply left there for decades. Cleanup and remediation began in 2019.

During the Vietnam War the base was used by the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF). The United States used it as a major base from 1961 through 1973, stationing Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine units there.

Tân Triều, Đồng Nai
Tân Triều is a ward located in Đồng Nai province, Vietnam. It has an area of about 16.8km2 and the population in 2018 was 42,031.

Biên Hòa Airbase and Đồng Nai province Square located in Tân Triều ward.
Ellendale, Oregon
Ellendale is a ghost town in Polk County, Oregon, United States, about two and a half miles west of Dallas. It was the first settlement in present-day Polk County by non-Kalapuyans. The community's name changed over the years, with the first post office in Polk County being opened in this locality as "O'Neils Mills" in 1850. The post office was renamed "Nesmiths" (Or "Nesmiths Mills") in 1850 and discontinued in 1852. The community was eventually renamed Ellendale.

Polk County, Oregon
Polk County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 87,433. The county seat is Dallas. The county is named for James Knox Polk, the 11th president of the United States.

Polk County is part of the Salem, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Willamette Valley.
King Island (Queensland)
King Island is part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park at the tip of Cape Melville, Queensland in Bathurst Bay.

It is northeast of Denham Island and Flinders Island in the Flinders Group National Park. King Island (Erobin) lies off the coast of Queensland.

Cape Melville
Cape Melville is a headland on the eastern coast of the Cape York Peninsula in Australia. To its west lies Princess Charlotte Bay. It is part of the Cape Melville National Park. Cape Melville was named Stoney Cape in 1815 by Lieutenant Charles Jeffreys on the HM Kangaroo but later renamed by him as Cape Melville

Pipon Island is about six km north of the cape and Hales Island about two km east, both part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. King Island lies several kilometres to the north west of the cape.  The highest peak on the cape is Abbey Peak, which named in 1901 by Commander Munro. R.N.,  while aboard HMS Dart.

The cape consists of granite outcrops which formed 250 million years ago.
Riba de Saelices
Riba de Saelices (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈriβa ðe saeˈliθes]) is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 168 inhabitants.

Province of Guadalajara
The Province of Guadalajara (Spanish: Provincia de Guadalajara, /ˌɡwɑːdələˈhɑːrə/ GWAH-də-lə-HAR-ə, Spanish: [ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa] ⓘ) is a province of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha in Spain. It has a population of 280,225 in an area of 12,168.41 square kilometres (4,698.25 sq mi) across its 288 municipalities.
Domada Chittabbayi
Domada Chitti Abbayi or Chittabbayi (Telugu: దోమాడ చిట్టబ్బాయి) (1930–2002) was a renowned nadaswaram vidwan and recipient of the prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.

He was born in East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. He learned to play the nadaswaram from Daliparti Piccha Hari.

He was associated with musicians Sangeetha Kalanidhi and Nedunuri Krishnamurthy.

He was Asthana Vidwan of Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam.

Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (IAST: Saṅgīta Nāṭaka Akādamī Puraskāra), also known as the Akademi Puraskar, is an award given by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama. It is the highest Indian recognition given to people in the field of performing arts.

In 2003, the award consisted of Rs. 50,000, a citation, an angavastram (a shawl), and a tamrapatra (a brass plaque). Since 2009, the cash prize has been increased to ₹1,00,000. The awards are given in the categories of music, dance, theatre, other traditional arts and puppetry, and for contribution/scholarship in performing arts.
Nottingham University Conservative Association
Nottingham University Conservative Association (NUCA) is a student Conservative association in the University of Nottingham. NUCA is affiliated to the University of Nottingham Students' Union, in addition to the Nottingham Conservative Federation and East Midlands Area Council.

The Honorary President is Rt. Hon. John Hayes MP PC FRSA. Past Honorary Presidents include Jonathan Guinness, Lord Carr of Hadley, R. A. Butler and His Grace the Duke of Rutland. NUCA alumni include many prominent Conservative Party figures. Among them are five current Members of Parliament.

NUCA was inaugurated in 1933, making it one of the oldest union-affiliated societies on campus today, under the name 'Conservative and Unionist Association'. It was briefly called 'Conservative Society' in the 1950s and 'Conservative Future' in the 2000.

On 2 November 2015, NUCA voted to disaffiliate from the Party's youth wing, Conservative Future, making it a fully independent association.

Conservative Association
A Conservative Association (CA) is a local organisation composed of Conservative Party members in the United Kingdom. Every association varies in membership size but all correspond to a parliamentary constituency in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. An executive council of officers are elected every year at an annual general meeting who represent electoral wards in their local areas and are designated with specified responsibilities. University Conservative associations are run independently from constituency associations. A major role comes  in the form of fund-raising, campaigning, and the selection of candidates to compete in local and parliamentary elections. The first associations were formed as early as 1832.
Sindkhed Raja
Sindkhed Raja is a town and a municipal council in Buldhana district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the birthplace of Rajmata Jijabai, mother of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Sindkhed was ruled by Koli Chieftain.

Buldhana district
Buldhana district (Marathi pronunciation: [bulɖʰaːɳa]) is located in the Amravati division of Maharashtra, India.
It is situated at the western border of Vidarbha region and is 500 km away from the state capital, Mumbai. The district has towns and cities like Deulghat, Dhad, Mehakar, Shegaon, Malkapur, Khamgaon, Lonar and Chikhli. It is surrounded by Madhya Pradesh in the north, Akola, Washim, and Amravati districts on the east, Jalna district on the south, and Jalgaon and Aurangabad districts on the west. Khamgaon is the largest city in the district.

Buldhana district holds religious significance as it is the site of the Shri Gajanan Maharaj Temple, Shegaon. Lonarkar Top (about 923 meters) is highest altitude in Buldhana District placed in Ambabarwa Wildlife Sanctuary.
Aragon High School
Aragon High School is a public co-educational high school in San Mateo, California. It is part of the San Mateo Union High School District (SMUHSD). It is located in San Mateo County, a large suburb just outside San Francisco. The school is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).

San Mateo Union High School District
The San Mateo Union High School District (SMUHSD) is a high school district headquartered in San Mateo, California that serves most of San Mateo County. The district serves the cities of San Mateo, Foster City, Hillsborough, San Bruno, Millbrae, and Burlingame.
3rd Ukrainian Front
The 3rd Ukrainian Front (Russian: Третий Украинский фронт, romanized: Tretiy Ukrainskiy front) was a Front of the Soviet Red Army during World War II.

It was founded on 20 October 1943, on the basis of a Stavka order of October 16, 1943, by renaming the Southwestern Front. It included 1st Guards Army, 8th Guards Army, 6th, 12th, and 46th Armies and 17th Air Army. Later it included 5th Shock, 4th and 9th Guards Army, 26th, 27th, 28th, 37th, 57th Army, 6th Guards Tank Army, and the Bulgarian First, Second and Fourth Armies. The Danube Flotilla was assigned to the Front's operational control. This included the 83rd Naval Infantry Brigade.

9th Guards Army
The 9th Guards Army was a field army of the Red Army during World War II, which fought in the Vienna Offensive and the Prague Offensive at the end of the war. The army was formed in January 1945 and included airborne divisions converted into infantry. Postwar, the army headquarters became Soviet airborne headquarters.
Sidney Taurel
Sidney Taurel (born February 9, 1949) is a Spanish-born American businessman. He is the chairman of Pearson plc and chairman emeritus of Eli Lilly and Company, where he had a 37-year career and served as chairman and  chief executive officer from 1998 to 2008. He became chairman of Pearson in January 2016. He is currently a director of IBM  and advises Almirall S.A. on corporate strategy.

Columbia Business School
The Columbia University Graduate School of Business, branded as Columbia Business School (CBS), is the business school of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. It was established in 1916. It is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality
Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality was a municipality in the Uthukela District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.  It is accessible from the N3 and N11 national highways.

The town of Ladysmith is the economic hub of the municipality; it accommodates the municipal offices, major schools, main police station and magistrates court, as well as a variety of commercial, industrial, and retail outlets.

After municipal elections on 3 August 2016 it was merged into the larger Alfred Duma Local Municipality.

Alfred Duma Local Municipality
Alfred Duma Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wase Alfred Duma) is a local municipality within the uThukela District Municipality, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. It was established for the August 2016 local elections by merging the Emnambithi/Ladysmith and Indaka local municipalities.
Attorney-General of the Turks and Caicos Islands
The Attorney-General of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the legal adviser to the Government and House of Assembly of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Previously administered indirectly via Bermuda, Jamaica and the Bahamas, the islands received their own governor and became a separate autonomous British Overseas Territory when Bahamas became independent in 1973.

Parliament of the Turks and Caicos Islands
The Parliament of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the legislature of the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands. The name of the house was changed from the Legislative Council of the Turks and Caicos Islands to House of Assembly of the Turks and Caicos Islands following the implementation of the new constitution on 9 August 2006. The current name was adopted on 10 December 2024.

In August 2009, the United Kingdom suspended the Turks and Caicos' self-government after allegations of ministerial corruption. The prerogative of the ministerial government and the House of Assembly were vested in the islands' governor until a general election was held in November 2012.