hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lidija Liepiņa
Lidija Liepiņa (Latvian pronunciation: [ˈli.di.ja ˈli͡ɛ.pi.ɲa], Russian: Лидия Карловна Лепинь; 4 April 1891 – 4 September 1985) was a Latvian physical chemist, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, professor, and one of the first women to receive a doctorate in chemistry in the USSR.

Her research interests spanned several areas of physical and colloidal chemistry. Most of the works are devoted to the study of the mechanism of processes occurring at the interface between a solid and the environment. She was engaged in study of adsorption, various surface phenomena, corrosion processes, and formation of hydrides.

She received many awards for her research contributions including induction into the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labour, the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and The Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945".

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Soleil Radio
Soleil Radio is a commercial radio station broadcasting to the Channel Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark and Herm on DAB+ digital radio and in Jersey on 107.7FM.

It is a classic hits station, playing songs from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. Soleil Radio was set up by staff at Channel 103 and Island FM to coincide with the launch of DAB in the Channel Islands. The station is owned and operated by Tindle Radio.

The station launched on 1 August 2021 and is available on DAB+, online and on mobile devices and smart speakers.

Island FM
Island FM is an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting across the Bailiwick of Guernsey on 104.7 FM and 93.7 FM in Alderney.

Launched in 1992, Island FM remains the sole commercial station in the island and continues to be extremely successful with high listenership figures.

Listening figures released in February 2025 showed that out of a population of 58,000 adults, 29,000 listened each week, at an average of 13.5 hours per person giving a 39.1% market share, according to RAJAR.
Rudolph G. Wilson
Rudolph G. Wilson (June 17, 1935 – December 4, 2017) was an American professor, writer, storyteller, and public speaker, known by his students as Papa Rudy. He was the first African-American member, and later the first elected black president, of the Edwardsville School Board. At Claremont Graduate School in 1965, he was the first African American to teach in an all-white school. He was, until retirement in 2009, the assistant provost for Cultural and Social Diversity at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, as well as holding the academic rank of associate professor of secondary education in the department of curriculum and instruction.

Claremont Graduate University
The Claremont Graduate University (CGU) is a private postgraduate research university in Claremont, California, United States. Founded in 1925, CGU is a member of the Claremont Colleges consortium which includes five undergraduate and two graduate institutions of higher education.

The university is organized into seven separate units: the School of Arts & Humanities; School of Community & Global Health; Drucker School of Management; School of Educational Studies; the School of Social Science, Policy, & Evaluation; the Center for Information Systems & Technology; and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."
2012–13 Segunda Liga
The 2012–13 Segunda Liga was the 23rd season of the second-tier of football in Portugal. This season marked a series of changes in the league overall. The league's name was changed back to Segunda Liga from the previous Liga de Honra. A total of 22 teams contested the league, up from 16 in the previous season; 14 of which contested the 2011–12 season, two of which were promoted from the Portuguese Second Division (including a reserve team), one of which was relegated from the 2011–12 Primeira Liga, and five of which were new reserve teams of Primeira Liga clubs.  The reserve teams were not eligible for promotion to the Primeira Liga.

Segunda Divisão
For the current Portuguese second-tier league, see Liga Portugal 2.

For the third-tier league, see Liga 3 (Portugal).

The Segunda Divisão Portuguesa (English: Portuguese Second Division) was a football league situated at the third level of the Portuguese football league system. The division had previously been the second level of the Portuguese pyramid but, with the creation of the Liga Portugal 2 in 1990–91, it became the third level. The competition merged with the Terceira Divisão at the end of the 2012–13 to form a new enlarged third level league, the Campeonato Nacional de Seniores.
Rota Latte Stone Quarry
Rota Latte Stone Quarry, also known as the As Nieves quarry, is located near the Chamorro village of Sinapalo, on the island of Rota in the Marianas Archipelago. The prehistoric megaliths found there are believed to have been used as foundation pillars for houses, with some of them weighing up to 35 tons. Their exact age, origin, methods of quarrying and means of transportation have not been determined.

Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging geographically from Sweden in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), meaning "great", and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone". Most extant megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period (although earlier Mesolithic examples are known) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age.
Wrapped exponential distribution
In probability theory and directional statistics, a wrapped exponential distribution is a wrapped probability distribution that results from the "wrapping" of the exponential distribution around the unit circle.

Directional statistics
Directional statistics (also circular statistics or spherical statistics) is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions (unit vectors in Euclidean space, Rn), axes (lines through the origin in Rn) or rotations in Rn. More generally, directional statistics deals with observations on compact Riemannian manifolds including the Stiefel manifold.

The fact that 0 degrees and 360 degrees are identical angles, so that for example 180 degrees is not a sensible mean of 2 degrees and 358 degrees, provides one illustration that special statistical methods are required for the analysis of some types of data (in this case, angular data). Other examples of data that may be regarded as directional include statistics involving temporal periods (e.g. time of day, week, month, year, etc.), compass directions, dihedral angles in molecules, orientations, rotations and so on.
Julian Baretta
Julian Baretta (born October 3, 1957)  is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He helped Wisconsin win their second National Title in 1977, earning Tournament MOP honors and winning the then-shortest overtime championship game in tournament history.

NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament Most Outstanding Player
The tournament Most Outstanding Player is an annual award given out at the conclusion of the NCAA men's ice hockey championship to the player to be judged the most outstanding. The award has been in effect since the adoption of a national championship tournament for the 1947–48 season.
Markus Weise
Markus Weise (born 19 December 1962 in Mannheim) is a German field hockey coach. Since 6 November 2006, he has been Head Coach of the Germany national field hockey team. Previous to this role, he was the coach of the Germany women's national field hockey team and with a variety of (national) teams of the German National Hockey Federation, including being assistant coach to Bernhard Peters in the Gold medal success of the 2002 Men's Hockey World Cup in Malaysia.

As a club coach in the German Bundesliga (1st Division), he was the head coach for many years with TSV Mannheim.

His greatest success was winning the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with the Germany women's national field hockey team, thus becoming the first coach in the history of field hockey to win an olympic gold medal in both the Men's as well as the Women's competition. His German side defeated Spain 1–0 to win the 2008 Olympic Men's Hockey Final.

Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held over a fourteen-day period beginning on 10 August, culminating with the medal finals on 22 and 23 August. All games were played at the hockey field constructed on the Olympic Green.
July 2020 New Zealand National Party leadership election
An election for the parliamentary leadership of the New Zealand National Party by its caucus was held on 14 July 2020, after incumbent Todd Muller resigned earlier that day citing health reasons. Judith Collins became leader of the National Party and of the Opposition of New Zealand.

Leader of the New Zealand National Party
The leader of the National Party is the most-senior elected politician within the New Zealand National Party. Under the constitution of the party, they are required to be a member of the House of Representatives.

The National Party has found itself either in government (alone or with the support of other parties) or in opposition to Labour-led governments. Consequently, the leader of the National Party usually assumes the role of either the prime minister or leader of the Opposition.

The current leader of the National Party since 30 November 2021 is Christopher Luxon.
Çukurova Motorway
Çukurova motorway (Turkish: Çukurova otoyolu) is the unofficial name of the  motorway (Turkish: otoyol) of Çukurova (ancient Cilicia) in Turkey. It is actually composed of the motorways  O-51 (from Mersin to Adana),  O-53 (from Ceyhan to İskenderun) and a part of  O-52 (between O-51 and O-53).

Otoyol 52
Otoyol 52 (English: Motorway 52), abbreviated as O-52, a.k.a. Adana-Şanlıurfa Otoyolu (English: Adana-Şanlıurfa Motorway), is a toll motorway in the regions of Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia in Turkey, connecting the cities Adana and Şanlıurfa. The motorway is part of European route E90 and Asian Highway 84. The O-52 starts from the eastern terminus of The O-51, runs eastward through Osmaniye, Gaziantep and terminates east of Şanlıurfa. The O-52 is currently the second longest Motorway in Turkey being only 5 km shorter than the O-4.

The highway sustained damage in the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.
Moe Hurwitz
Samuel Moses "Moe" Hurwitz (January 28, 1919 – October 28, 1944) DCM, MM, was a Canadian soldier. He was the most highly decorated non-commissioned member of the Canadian Grenadier Guards during the Second World War and may have been the most decorated Jewish Canadian soldier of the war. Hurwitz was born and raised in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, as one of thirteen children, most of whom served in the war. He was, prior to enlisting, a Golden Gloves boxer and a very talented hockey player. In fact, the Boston Bruins invited him to try out for them, but he chose, instead, to enlist in the Canadian Army when war broke out.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
Cresponea pallidosorediata
Cresponea pallidosorediata is a corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Opegraphaceae. It is a small crustose lichen that forms pale brownish patches on tree bark in subtropical forests of northern Argentina. It is distinguished by abundant powdery soredia, tiny granules that serve as reproductive propagules, which can spread to cover most of the lichen's surface. It was formally described in 2022 from material collected in Parque provincial Pampa del Indio in Chaco Province, and had not been recorded elsewhere as of the original publication.

Soredium
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens.  Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus, or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of a lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location.
John Trillo
Albert John Trillo (4 July 1915 – 2 August 1992) was a British Anglican bishop. He was involved in parish ministry, worked with the Student Christian Movement, and was a lecturer in theology. He was twice a suffragan bishop in the Church of England, Bishop of Bedford (1963–1968) and Bishop of Hertford (1968–1971), before serving as Bishop of Chelmsford from 1971 until his retirement in 1985.

Bishop of Hertford
The Bishop of Hertford is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of St Albans, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The suffragan See was created by Order in Council of 5 July 1889, but remained dormant until first filled in December 1967. The title takes its name after Hertford, the county town of Hertfordshire. The suffragan Bishop of Hertford, along with the suffragan Bishop of Bedford, assists the diocesan Bishop of St Albans in overseeing the diocese; the bishop has oversight of the archdeaconries of Hertford and St Albans, which cover the deaneries & parishes of Hertfordshire.

The current Bishop of Hertford is The Right Reverend Dr Jane Mainwaring, who took office upon her consecration on 2 February 2023; she is the first woman to hold the office.
David Simão
David Martins Simão (born 15 May 1990) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

Over 14 seasons, he achieved Primeira Liga totals of 311 games and 20 goals, including eight over two spells at Arouca. He also played top-flight football in Bulgaria, Belgium, Greece and Israel, winning the 2019–20 Israel State Cup with Hapoel Be'er Sheva.

F.C. Arouca
Futebol Clube de Arouca (pronounced [ɐˈɾokɐ]) is a professional football club based in the Porto metropolitan area. Founded in 1951, the club plays in the Primeira Liga, holding home games at Estádio Municipal de Arouca, with a 5,600-seat capacity.
Thomas Russell Crampton
Thomas Russell Crampton, MICE, MIMechE (6 August 1816 – 19 April 1888) was an English engineer born at Broadstairs, Kent, and trained on Brunel's Great Western Railway.

He is best known for designing the Crampton locomotive but had many engineering interests including the electric telegraph and the Channel Tunnel for which he designed a boring machine. His locomotives had much better success in France, Germany and Italy than they did in the UK.

Institution of Mechanical Engineers
The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) is an independent professional association and learned society headquartered in London, United Kingdom, that represents mechanical engineers and the engineering profession. With over 110,000 members in 140 countries, working across industries such as railways, automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, energy, biomedical and construction, the Institution is licensed by the Engineering Council to assess candidates for inclusion on its Register of Chartered Engineers, Incorporated Engineers and Engineering Technicians.

The Institution was founded at the Queen's Hotel, Birmingham, by George Stephenson in 1847. It received a Royal Charter in 1930. The Institution's headquarters, purpose-built for the Institution in 1899, is situated at No. 1 Birdcage Walk in central London.
2008 Qeshm earthquake
The 2008 Qeshm earthquake occurred on 10 September in the Hormozgān Province of southern Iran, 850 kilometres (528 mi) south of Tehran. Its epicenter was near the port city of Bandar Abbas, where an earthquake two years prior had caused damage. The earthquake measured 5.9 on the moment magnitude scale and 6 on the surface wave scale, killing seven people and injuring up to 45. Causing both catastrophic and minor damage, the earthquake devastated up to 200 villages throughout southern Iran, but left the port city of Bandar Abbas almost unscathed. Citizens reportedly panicked when the earthquake hit, emptying into the parks of the city and other open areas.

Bandar Abbas
Bandar Abbas (Persian: بندر عباس, pronounced [bænˌd̪æɹ ʔæbˈbɒːs] ⓘ) is a port city in the Central District of Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. Bandar Abbas is a port on the southern coast of the country, on the Persian Gulf.

The city occupies a strategic position on the narrow Strait of Hormuz (just across from Musandam Governorate, Oman). It is the location of the main base and headquarters of the Iranian Navy.
Elizabeth Adekogbe
Chief Elizabeth Adekogbe Listenⓘ (1919–1968) was a Nigerian nationalist, politician, women's rights leader and traditional aristocrat. She was the leader of the Ibadan-based Women's Movement of Nigeria. In 1954, the movement changed its name to Nigerian Council of Women, which in 1959 merged with the Women's Improvement League to form the National Council of Women Societies, a dominant pressure group and a leading women's coalition in Nigeria.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Madam Secretary season 3
The third season of Madam Secretary, an American political drama television series, originally aired on CBS from October 2, 2016, through May 21, 2017. The season was produced by CBS Television Studios, with Barbara Hall as showrunner and executive producer. Madam Secretary was renewed for a third season on March 25, 2016.

The series follows Elizabeth McCord (Téa Leoni), the United States Secretary of State who, alongside President Conrad Dalton (Keith Carradine) and a dedicated staff led by Nadine Tolliver (Bebe Neuwirth), is instrumental in the shaping of a U.S. foreign policy. McCord is married to Henry (Tim Daly), a religious scholar and NSA handler.

Elizabeth McCord (Madam Secretary)
Elizabeth "Bess" Adams McCord is a fictional character and the protagonist of the CBS political drama series Madam Secretary. She is portrayed by Téa Leoni. McCord serves as the United States Secretary of State over the course of the series; the sixth and final season covers her first year after being elected as the first female president of the United States.
Ahmad Zamir
Ahmad Zamir (Urdu: احمد ضمير; 30 April 1930 – 9 September 1985), HI(M), SJ was a three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy. Prior to his death in 1985, he was serving as the managing director of Karachi Shipyard and Engineering from 1983 until 1985.

Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works
The Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works Limited (KS&EW Ltd.) is a major defence contractor and shipbuilding company situated in the West Wharf in Karachi, Sindh in Pakistan.

The KSEW Ltd. is sponsored and owned entirely by the Ministry of Defence Production whose corporate leadership comes directly from the Navy HQ of the Pakistan Navy. With Pakistan Navy being its primary customer, the KSEW Ltd. also has contracts with the National Shipping Corporation, Karachi Port Trust, Port Qasim Authority, and with a wide range of customers in the private sector in Pakistan.

The current managing director of KS&EW is Rear Admiral Salman Ilyas. Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works acquired the ISO 9001 certification in 2000.
2012–13 Welsh Premier Women's League
The 2012–13 Welsh Premier League was the fourth season of the Welsh Premier League (women), Wales' premier football league. It was the first season to feature a single division league. The season started on 16 September 2012 and ended on 19 May 2013.

After several high-scoring losses, including a 43–0 loss to Cardiff Met, Caerphilly Castle withdrew from the league after ten matches. All of their results were subsequently wiped from the table.

Cardiff City won the title for the first time, finishing ahead of reigning champions Cardiff Met on superior goal difference.

Cardiff Met WFC
Cardiff Met WFC is a women's football club based in Cardiff, Wales. It is the student team of Cardiff Metropolitan University.

The club is one of the most successful Women's Welsh Premier League team after winning the title five times (2011–12, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18 and 2018–19) and qualifying multiple times for the UEFA Women's Champions League.

The team was named UWIC Ladies until they changed their team name to Cardiff Met. Ladies AFC after the 2011–12 season. They then renamed from Ladies to Womens ahead of the 2018/19 season.
Necaxa River
The Necaxa River (Río Necaxa) is one of the main rivers of the Mexican state of Puebla. It is a tributary of the Tecolutla River. Beginning south of Huauchinango with the name Totolapa, it runs through tall mountains and deep canyons of the Sierra Madre Oriental, forming the waterfalls known as Salto Chico y Salto Grande. Its flow is also used to generate hydroelectric power.

Sierra Madre Oriental
The Sierra Madre Oriental (Spanish: [ˈsjera ˈmaðɾe oɾjenˈtal] ⓘ) is a mountain range located in northeastern Mexico. The Sierra Madre Oriental is part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, Central America, South America, and Antarctica.
Gareth Hock
Gareth Hock (born Gareth Charnock, 5 September 1983) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a second-row, loose forward or prop. He last played for the Leigh Centurions in the Championship.

Hock began his career at Wigan Warriors in 2003, and had spells playing for Widnes Vikings, Salford Red Devils, Leigh Centurions, Featherstone Rovers and Barrow Raiders. He returned to Leigh Centurions before retiring in 2019. He won 4 caps for Great Britain and 5 for England at international level.

Leigh Leopards
The Leigh Leopards are a professional rugby league club based in Leigh, Greater Manchester, England. Leigh play homes games at Leigh Sports Village and compete in Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

Leigh Leopards have won the League Championship twice and Challenge Cup three times.

The clubs traditional home colours are red and white. They have a local rivalry with Wigan Warriors.