hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spemann–Mangold organizer
The Spemann–Mangold organizer is a group of cells that are responsible for the induction of the neural tissues during development in amphibian embryos. First described in 1924 by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold, the introduction of the organizer provided evidence that the fate of cells can be influenced by factors from other cell populations. This discovery significantly impacted the world of developmental biology and fundamentally changed the understanding of early development.

Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the scientific study of the processes by which animals and plants grow and develop. The field of developmental biology is further defined by its study of phenomena such as regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells within the adult organism.
Nanhi
Nanhi (Urdu: ننھی, lit. 'Little One') is a 2013 Pakistani thriller drama serial directed by Haseeb Hassan aired on Geo Entertainment in 2013. The serial is written by Mona Haseeb and produced by Iqbal Ansari. Focuses on the issues of Pakistani society, such as child trafficking and education of young girls. It stars Sajal Ali, Shahood Alvi, Asma Abbas and Javaid Sheikh.

The most popular serial of that time with the highest TRP of 6.5, lifted Geo TV's perception among local and international audiences. It received nominations for all major categories at the 13th Lux Style Awards, including Best TV Play, Best TV Actress, Best TV Writer, and Best TV Director and won for Best TV Director. At 4th Pakistan Media Awards, it received two nominations that includes, Best Drama Actress for Aly and Best Supporting Actor for Sheikh.

Jawed Sheikh
Jawed Sheikh (also spelled Javaid and Javed; born 8 October 1954) is a Pakistani actor, film director and producer who works in Lollywood and Bollywood. He is best known for working in the Hindi films Om Shanti Om, My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves, Money Hai Toh Honey Hai, Namastey London, etc.
HiAsm
HiAsm (Hight Assembler) (Russian: Хай-асм) is a free application integrated development environment (IDE) for Windows API (Win32), Qt, wxWidgets, scripts and pages in PHP, HTML, and JavaScript, in addition to applications for devices based on Windows Mobile, such as the Pocket PC PDA.

HiAsm is a practical example of the implementation of the approach model-driven architecture, also known as "the development of the model". The significance of this approach is abstracted from the platforms, architectures, hardware vendors, and system software.

When designing, users need no knowledge of programming languages and operating system features, thus allowing users to create applications by controlling their model using an intuitive graphical interface.

WxWidgets
wxWidgets (formerly wxWindows) is a widget toolkit and tools library for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for cross-platform applications. wxWidgets enables a program's GUI code to compile and run on several computer platforms with no significant code changes. A wide choice of compilers and other tools to use with wxWidgets facilitates development of sophisticated applications. wxWidgets supports a comprehensive range of popular operating systems and graphical libraries, both proprietary and free.

The project was started under the name wxWindows in 1992 by Julian Smart at the University of Edinburgh. The project was renamed wxWidgets in 2004 in response to a trademark claim by Microsoft UK.

It is free and open source software, distributed under the terms of the wxWidgets Licence, which satisfies those who wish to produce for GPL and proprietary software.
Bernard-Henri Lévy
Bernard-Henri Georges Lévy (/leɪˈviː/; French: [bɛʁnaʁ ɑ̃ʁi ʒɔʁʒ levi]; born 5 November 1948) is a French public intellectual. Often referred to in France simply as BHL, he was one of the leaders of the "Nouveaux Philosophes" (New Philosophers) movement in 1976. His opinions, political activism, and publications have also been the subject of several controversies over the years.

Emmanuel Levinas
Emmanuel Levinas (born Emanuelis Levinas /ˈlɛvɪnɑːs/; French: [ɛmanɥɛl levinas]; 12 January 1906 – 25 December 1995) was a French philosopher of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry who is known for his work within Jewish philosophy, existentialism, and phenomenology, focusing on the relationship of ethics to metaphysics and ontology.
Anthems in Eden
Anthems in Eden is a 1969 album by Shirley and Dolly Collins, with the Early Music Consort of London, directed by David Munrow. The album originally consisted of a 28-minute set of folk songs plus seven other individual pieces performed by the same group.  The musical arrangements for these eight pieces included early music instruments, such as viols, recorders, sackbuts and crumhorns.  In 1976, six new songs were recorded with a different assortment of accompanists, to replace the original seven individual songs.  This 1976 album consisting of the 28-minute set plus the six new songs was released by Harvest Records under the title Amaranth.  Subsequent releases have combined all fourteen pieces under the original title, Anthems in Eden.

Crumhorn
The crumhorn is a double reed instrument of the woodwind family, most commonly used during the Renaissance period.  In modern times, particularly since the 1960s, there has been a revival of interest in early music, and crumhorns are being played again. It was also spelled krummhorn, krumhorn, krum horn, and cremorne.
Cami Dalton
Cami Dalton is an American author of contemporary romance novels.  Dalton's debut novel, Her Private Dancer, was published by Harlequin's Temptation line of category romances in April 2004.  In a review of the novel, Romantic Times remarked on the "sizzling sensuality and strong writing" of Dalton's novel, while The Road to Romance described the book as having "an exciting storyline, endearing and charming characters, laugh out loud scenarios and pure romance from the heart."  Dalton was a finalist for the 2004 Reviewers International Organization Award for Debut Romance and was nominated by Romantic Times BookReviews for Best First Series Romance.

Cami's second book, published by Harlequiin's Blaze line, is called Pleasure to the Max! and is set to be released on August 1, 2008.  In early 2008, Cami signed a three-book deal with Harlequiin to follow up her first two books.

Harlequin Enterprises
Harlequin Enterprises ULC (known simply as Harlequin) is a publisher of romance, women's fiction and various other genres under multiple publishing imprints.  Founded in Winnipeg, Canada, in 1949, from the 1960s, it grew into the largest publisher of romance fiction in the world.

Based in Toronto since 1969, Harlequin was owned by the Torstar Corporation, the largest newspaper publisher in Canada, from 1981 to 2014. It was then purchased by News Corp and is now a division of HarperCollins. In 1971, Harlequin purchased the London-based publisher Mills & Boon Limited and began a global expansion program opening offices in Australia and major European markets such as Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, and Scandinavia. Harlequin launched an audiobook program in 2015.
Hanpu Subdistrict
Hanpu Subdistrict (Chinese: 含浦街道; pinyin: Hánpǔ Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Yuelu District in Changsha, Hunan, China. It is historically the territory of Jiujiang Township (九江乡), Wangcheng County in 1994. The subdistrict has an area of 51.17 square kilometres (19.76 sq mi) with a registered population of 24,900 (as of 2017). The subdistrict has four villages and a community under its jurisdiction. Its seat is Hantai Community (含泰社区).

Yuelu, Changsha
Yuelu District (simplified Chinese: 岳麓区; traditional Chinese: 嶽麓區; pinyin: Yuèlù qū) is one of six urban districts and the municipal seat of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China. It is the 4th most populous district (after Heshan, Dingcheng and Yueyanglou Districts) in Hunan. The district is bordered to the north by Wangcheng District, to the west by Ningxiang County, to the south by Yuhu District of Xiangtan City, across the Xiang river to the west by Tianxin, Furong and Kaifu Districts. Located on the west bank of the Xiang River, as the western part of the City proper, the district is named after Mount Yuelu, one of the national parks, Yuelu District covers 538.83 km2 (208.04 sq mi) with registered population of 644,834 and resident population of 818,900 (as of 2014). The district has 16 subdistricts and 2 towns under its jurisdiction, with its administrative centre at Wangyue (望岳街道).
Galatasaray S.K. (men's basketball)
Galatasaray S.K. is a professional basketball team based in the city of Istanbul in Turkey. It is a part of the Galatasaray Sports Club. The team competes in the Turkish Basketball Super League and Basketball Champions League. The team has won 18 Turkish championships (5 titles in the Turkish Super League, 11 titles in the former Turkish Basketball Championship and 2 titles in the former Spring Cup). The team furthermore won 3 Turkish Cups, 2 Turkish Super Cups, and 1 EuroCup.

Turkish Basketball Cup
The Turkish Basketball Cup (Turkish: Basketbol Erkekler Türkiye Kupası), is the Turkey men's professional basketball national cup tournament. It has been held and organised by the Turkish Basketball Federation since 1967. The tournament was on hiatus from 1973 to 1991.
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, 1st Marquis of Sá da Bandeira
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, 1st Marquess de Sá da Bandeira (26 September 1795 – 6 January 1876) was a Portuguese nobleman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Portugal for five times. He was the most prominent Portuguese defender of the abolition of slavery in Portugal and its domains, while also defending a modernized and expanded colonial empire.

Expansionism
Expansionism refers to states obtaining greater territory through military empire-building (e.g. imperialism) or colonialism. In the classical age of conquest moral justification for territorial expansion at the direct expense of another established polity was often as unapologetic as "because we can", treading on the philosophical grounds of "might makes right".

As political conceptions of the nation state evolved, especially in reference to the inherent rights of the governed, more complex justifications arose. State-collapse anarchy, reunification or pan-nationalism are sometimes used to justify and legitimize expansionism when the explicit goal is to reconquer territories that have been lost or to take over ancestral lands. Lacking a viable historical claim of this nature, would-be expansionists may instead promote ideologies of promised lands, perhaps tinged with a self-interested pragmatism that targeted lands will eventually belong to the potential invader anyway.
Sanjay Kumar Singh Yadav
Sanjay Kumar Singh Yadav (born 1968) is an Indian politician from Jharkhand. He is a three-time MLA from Hussainabad Assembly constituency in Palamu District. He won the 2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election, representing the Rashtriya Janata Dal.

2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election
The 2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election  was held in three phases from 13 to 20 November 2024 to elect all 81 members of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly. The counting of votes was done on 24 November 2024. The Jharkhand Mukti Morcha won 34 seats, securing 23.44% of the popular vote and its alliance,  Mahagathbandhan (INDIA Bloc) including the Congress, CPI(ML)L and RJD won 56 seats, securing 44.37% of the popular vote. The Bharatiya Janata Party won 21 seats, securing 33.18% of the popular vote and its alliance, NDA won 24 seats, securing 38.14% of the popular vote.
Talking Like I'm Falling Down Stairs
"Talking Like I'm Falling Down Stairs" is the first single taken from Sparkadia's second studio album The Great Impression, released in Australia on September 1, 2010. The single received high rotation on Australian radio network Triple J and placed at #24 in their Hottest 100 of 2010.

Sparkadia
Sparkadia was an Australian rock band, formed in Sydney in 2004. They were originally known as The Spark. The band was formed by Alexander Burnett (vocals, guitar) and Dave Hall (drums), and eventually expanded with the addition of Nick Rabone (bass) and Josephine Ayling (keyboards, guitar, vocals) in 2006. In 2008 Ayling was replaced by Tiffany Preece on guitars and vocals. By 2009 Sparkadia was Burnett's solo project. Sparkadia released two studio albums, Postcards (31 May 2008) and The Great Impression (18 March 2011).
Rory Palmer
Rory Palmer (born 19 November 1981) is a British politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for the East Midlands from 2017 to 2020. A member of the Labour Party, he was also the Labour candidate in the 2024 Leicestershire Police and Crime Commissioner election.

East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)
East Midlands was a constituency of the European Parliament in the United Kingdom, established in 1999 with six members to replace single-member constituencies. Between 2009 and the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU on 31 January 2020 it returned five MEPs, elected using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.
2018–19 Volleyleague (Greece)
The Greek Volley League 2018–19 championship is the 51st National championship and the 9th under the Volleyleague name. The championship started on Saturday, 20 October 2018 and the regular season is scheduled to complete on Saturday, 30 March 2019.

2017–18 Volleyleague (Greece)
The 2017–18 Greek Volleyleague is the 50th national championship and the 8th under the Volleyleague name. It is the highest volleyball league in Greece. Twelve teams were participating in the 2017–18 season; PAOK was the defending champion. Olympiacos Piraeus won its 28th championship.
Leptis Parva
Leptis or Lepcis Parva was a Phoenician colony and Carthaginian and Roman port on Africa's Mediterranean coast, corresponding to the modern town Lemta, just south of Monastir, Tunisia. In antiquity, it was one of the wealthiest cities in the region.

Colonies in antiquity
Colonies in antiquity were post-Iron Age city-states founded from a mother-city or metropolis rather than from a territory-at-large. Bonds between a colony and its metropolis often remained close, and took specific forms during the period of classical antiquity.
Generally, colonies founded by the ancient Phoenicians, Carthage, Rome, Alexander the Great and his successors remained tied to their metropolis, though Greek colonies of the Archaic and Classical eras were sovereign and self-governing from their inception. While earlier Greek colonies were often founded to solve social unrest in the mother-city by expelling a part of the population, Hellenistic, Roman, Carthaginian, and Han Chinese colonies served as centres for trade (entrepôts),  expansion and empire-building.
Jonathan Hayes
Jonathan Michael Hayes (born August 11, 1962) is an American football coach and former tight end. He previously served as the head coach of St. Louis Battlehawks as well as tight ends coach for Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL), and the co-offensive coordinator for the Arlington Renegades of the United Football League (UFL). Hayes is currently the athletic director for Moeller High School in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Dallas Renegades
The Dallas Renegades are a professional American football team based in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The Renegades compete in the United Football League (UFL). The team was founded as the Dallas Renegades by Vince McMahon's Alpha Entertainment, before being renamed to the Arlington Renegades by current owners and operators by Alpha Acquico, controlled by actor Dwayne Johnson, and Fox Corporation. The name reverted to the Dallas Renegades ahead of the 2026 UFL season. The Renegades play their home games at Toyota Stadium, having previously played at Choctaw Stadium in Arlington.

In 2023, the Renegades had a regular season record of 4–6, yet they won both of their playoff games, and were crowned XFL Champions. They were part of the XFL/USFL merger in 2024.
John III (bishop of Nyitra)
John (Hungarian: János; died between 9 and 18 March 1328) was a Hungarian prelate in the first half of the 14th century, who served as Bishop of Nyitra (present-day Nitra, Slovakia) at least from 1302 until his death. He belonged to the earliest partisans of Charles I of Hungary and his dynasty. During his reign, which roughly coincided with the era of feudal anarchy, the diocese of Nyitra was constantly harassed and plundered by the troops of the powerful and greedy oligarch Matthew Csák.

Capetian House of Anjou
The Capetian House of Anjou, or House of Anjou-Sicily was a royal house and cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. It is one of three separate royal houses referred to as Angevin, meaning "from Anjou" in France. Founded by Charles I of Anjou, the youngest son of Louis VIII of France, the Capetian king first ruled the Kingdom of Sicily during the 13th century. The War of the Sicilian Vespers later forced him out of the island of Sicily, leaving him with the southern half of the Italian Peninsula, known as the Kingdom of Naples. The house and its various branches would go on to influence much of the history of Southern and Central Europe during the Middle Ages until it became extinct in 1435.

Historically, the house ruled the Counties of Anjou, Maine, Touraine, Provence and Forcalquier; the Principalities of Achaea and Taranto; and the Kingdoms of Sicily, Naples, Hungary, Croatia, Albania and Poland.
Mladen Đurić
Mladen Đurić (Serbian Cyrillic: Младен Ђурић) is a Serbian politician serving as the president of the Medijana Municipality since 30 July 2024. A close associate of Dragan Milić, he is one of the founders of Milić's citizens' group which participated in the 2024 local elections.

Dragan Milić
Dragan Milić (Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Милић; born August 12, 1965) is a Serbian cardiac surgeon, university professor and politician who is currently the director of the Clinic for Cardiac Surgery in Niš. He was elected to the City Assembly of Niš in the 2024 local elections after his citizens' group placed second with around 25% of the popular vote.
Randolph Chitwood
Walter Randolph "Ranny" Chitwood Jr. is known for his work as a cardiothoracic surgeon at the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University located in Greenville, North Carolina.

Chitwood is recognized as the first heart surgeon to perform robot-assisted heart valve surgery in the US.

Cardiothoracic surgery
Cardiothoracic (CT) surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thoracic cavity — generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease), lungs (lung disease), and other pleural or mediastinal structures.

In most countries, cardiothoracic surgery is further subspecialized into cardiac surgery (involving the heart and the great vessels) and thoracic surgery (involving the lungs, esophagus, thymus, etc.); the exceptions are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, India and some European Union countries such as Portugal.
Point System (nautical)
The point system is a common way of identifying the location of contacts relative to the heading of a ship. It is a form of relative bearing. The point system uses 32 evenly spaced imaginary points that circle the ship starting at the forward bow. Individual points sit at intervals of 11.25°, similar to compass bearings. The lookout, when having sighted something beyond the ship, will call out the object's location by stating its position relative to the bow, stern, or beam of the ship, noting whether on the port or starboard side when applicable.

Cardinal direction
The four cardinal directions or cardinal points are the four main compass directions: north (N), east (E), south (S), and west (W). The corresponding azimuths (clockwise horizontal angle from north) are 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°.

The four ordinal directions or intercardinal directions are northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and northwest (NW).
The corresponding azimuths are 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°.

The intermediate direction of every pair of neighboring cardinal and intercardinal directions is called a secondary intercardinal direction. These eight shortest points in the compass rose shown to the right are:

West-northwest (WNW)

North-northwest (NNW)

North-northeast (NNE)

East-northeast (ENE)

East-southeast (ESE)

South-southeast (SSE)

South-southwest (SSW)

West-southwest (WSW)

Points between the cardinal directions form the points of the compass. Arbitrary horizontal directions may be indicated by their azimuth angle value.
Maurice (Shelley)
"Maurice, or the Fisher's Cot" is a children's story by the Romantic writer Mary Shelley. Written in 1820 for Laurette Tighe, a daughter of her friends Margaret King and George William Tighe, Mary Shelley tried to have it published by her father, William Godwin, but he refused. The text was lost until 1997, when a manuscript copy was discovered in Italy.

"Maurice" tells the story of a boy searching for a home and his encounters with a traveller who turns out to be his long-lost father. The story is narrated in a melancholy tone from several points of view and focuses on the theme of loss, particularly the separation of parents and children. Shelley explored this partly autobiographical theme in other works written at the same time, including her novel Mathilda and her play Proserpine. The story's straightforward language reflects that of the Romantic poet William Wordsworth, whose works Shelley was reading while she composed "Maurice".

Mathilda (novella)
Mathilda, or Matilda, is a novella by Mary Shelley, written between August 1819 and February 1820 and first published posthumously in 1959. It deals with common Gothic themes of incest and suicide.

The narrative deals with a father's incestuous love for his daughter. It has been perceived as an autobiographical novel and as a roman à clef, where the fictitious names in the novel represent real people. In this reading, Mathilda represents Mary Shelley herself, Mathilda's father represents William Godwin (Mary's father), and the poet Woodville represents Percy Shelley (Mary's husband). However, the storyline itself may not be based on facts. It has been argued that it is using the techniques of confessional and unreliable narrations, which Godwin had used in his own works.
Therfield
Therfield is a village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. The village stands on a broad chalk ridge, about 2 miles (3 km) south-west of Royston. At its northern end, the parish includes the common land of Therfield Heath, which adjoins the edge of Royston.

North Hertfordshire
North Hertfordshire is one of ten local government districts in the county of Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in Letchworth Garden City and the largest town is Hitchin. The district also includes the towns of Baldock and Royston and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Part of the district lies within the Chiltern Hills, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are East Hertfordshire, Stevenage, Welwyn Hatfield, St Albans, Luton, Central Bedfordshire, South Cambridgeshire and Uttlesford.