hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stage three tax cuts
The stage three tax cuts are a taxation policy overseen by the Australian Government, that came into effect on 1 July 2024. Originally forming the third and last stage of the Turnbull government's personal income tax reforms, stage three was altered in the Morrison government's 2019 budget to include an additional $90 billion of tax cuts.

Stage three has been the subject of significant political discussion and controversy in Australian politics, and has been used as a wedge issue. During the 2022 Australian federal election campaign, the Coalition and Australian Labor Party both stated their full support for retaining stage three, whereas the Australian Greens and several independent MPs argued for its modification or abolition. In January 2024, the Albanese government announced modifications to stage three that reduced the overall cost and gave larger cuts to individuals earning under $200,000.

Albanese government
The Albanese government is the sitting federal government of Australia, led by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of the Labor Party. The Albanese government was sworn in on 23 May 2022 by the governor-general of Australia, David Hurley. The party governed with a two-to-three seat majority in the House of Representatives in its first term, and expanded its majority to 19 seats in its second term. It won a plurality of seats in the Senate at the 2025 election, though has never held a majority of seats in the upper house.

Albanese succeeded the Morrison government after the Liberal–National Coalition was defeated at the 2022 election, and saw the first Labor government to be elected at the federal level since the Rudd government was defeated at the 2013 election. The Albanese government went on win a landslide victory in the 2025 federal election, making Albanese the first Prime Minister to serve a full term and win another since John Howard's victory at the 2004 election.
1974 Stanley Cup Final
The 1974 Stanley Cup Final was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1973–74 season, and the culmination of the 1974 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the Boston Bruins and the Philadelphia Flyers. The Flyers made their first Finals appearance and the Bruins returned to the Finals for the third time in five years, having won the Stanley Cup in 1970 and 1972. The Flyers won the best-of-seven series, four games to two, becoming the first team from the 1967 Expansion to win the Stanley Cup, as well as the first non-Original Six Cup champion since the Montreal Maroons in 1935, and the first non Original Six team to appear in the finals since they stopped being guaranteed a spot after Chicago switched divisions in 1970.

1973–74 NHL season
The 1973–74 NHL season was the 57th season of the National Hockey League. The Philadelphia Flyers won the Stanley Cup championship, the team's first. The team was the first of the post-1967 teams to win the Cup.
Juanlu (footballer, born 1980)
Juan Luis Gómez López (born 8 May 1980), commonly known as Juanlu, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a left midfielder.

In a senior career that lasted 14 years, he amassed La Liga totals of 122 matches and 14 goals over seven seasons, representing in the competition Numancia, Betis, Osasuna and Levante. He added 136 games and 25 goals in the Segunda División.

Real Betis
Real Betis Balompié, S.A.D., known as Real Betis (pronounced [reˈal ˈβetis]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. It plays in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football. It currently plays home games at the 70,000-seat Estadio de La Cartuja.

Real Betis won the league title in 1935 and the Copa del Rey in 1977, 2005 and 2022. Given the club's tumultuous history and many relegations, its motto is ¡Viva el Betis manque pierda! (Long live Betis even though they lose!).
Anne Percy, Countess of Northumberland
Anne Percy, Countess of Northumberland (née Somerset; 1536 – 17 October 1596) was an English noblewoman and one of the instigators of the Northern Rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I of England. To avoid punishment for her prominent role in the failed insurrection, Anne, along with her infant daughter, was forced into exile in Flanders, where she spent the rest of her life involving herself in Catholic plots and maintaining contact with the other English Catholic exiles. In Liège while living on a pension from King Philip II of Spain, she wrote Discours des troubles du Comte du Northumberland. Her husband Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, who had led the rebellion, was executed for treason. Three of her daughters were left behind in England and raised by their paternal uncle, Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland.

Rising of the North
The Rising of the North of 1569, also called the Revolt of the Northern Earls, Northern Rebellion or the Rebellion of the Earls, was an unsuccessful attempt by Catholic nobles from Northern England to depose Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
Eileen Flynn (politician)
Eileen Flynn (born 1989/1990) is an Irish independent politician who has served as a senator since June 2020. She was elected for the Administrative Panel in 2025, having previously being nominated by the Taoiseach in 2020.

Her background is in community development and activism on behalf of Irish Travellers. In June 2020, Taoiseach Micheál Martin appointed Flynn to Seanad Éireann, the Irish Senate. She is the first female Traveller to serve in the Oireachtas.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
Arts Collaboratory
Arts Collaboratory is a program promoted by Hivos and DOEN Foundation to support independent visual arts organizations in Africa, Asia and Latin America and social innovation. The program is having a major role in providing fundings for contemporary art and practices in countries where few resources in this field are available.

DOEN Foundation
The DOEN Foundation (in Dutch Stichting DOEN, from Dutch doen = to do, to act, take action) is a Dutch foundation supporting initiatives in the field of culture and cohesion and in the field of green and inclusive economy. The focus of the foundation is on sustainable, cultural and social innovation. DOEN receives the net proceeds of the Dutch Postcode Lottery, BankGiro Lottery and FriendsLottery.
Archibald S. Dobbins
Archibald Stephenson Dobbins (c. 1827 – presumably on or after 1878) was an officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded cavalry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. Initially refusing to serve under Brigadier-General John S. Marmaduke after the Marmaduke-Walker Duel, Dobbins was court-martialed for insubordination.

Born in Maury County, Tennessee, Dobbins entered Confederate service in 1862 as a volunteer aide-de-camp to Major-General Thomas C. Hindman. That same year, Dobbins was commissioned a colonel of cavalry. Paroled as a prisoner of war at Galveston, Texas, on July 13, 1865, he went into the mercantile business in New Orleans. Moving without his family to Santarem, Brazil, in 1867, he settled two years later near Itaituba, where he opened a sawmill and gristmill. In 1878, he immigrated to the Patagonia region of Argentina where he was engaged in business. The circumstances surrounding Dobbins' death remain a mystery to this day.

John S. Marmaduke
John Sappington Marmaduke (March 14, 1833 – December 28, 1887) was an American politician and soldier. He was the 25th governor of Missouri from 1885 until his death in 1887. During the American Civil War, he was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded cavalry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater.

On September 6, 1863, Marmaduke killed a Confederate brigadier general, Lucius M. Walker, in a duel. Confederate Major General Sterling Price ordered Marmaduke's arrest but suspended the order because of the impending U.S. advance on Little Rock, Arkansas. Marmaduke never faced a court martial for the duel.
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram
8°40′56″N 77°08′12″E﻿ / ﻿8.682258°N 77.136531°E﻿ / 8.682258; 77.136531

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER Thiruvananthapuram or IISER-TVM) is an autonomous public university established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, to bridge the gap between research and basic sciences' education at the undergraduate level.The campus is located in Vithura, Kerala, India, 40 kms from  Thiruvananthapuram. The institute is one of the seven IISERs All IISERs are declared as Institutes of National Importance by the Parliament of India in 2012 through the NIT Amendment Act.

IISER Thiruvananthapuram awards Bachelor of Science and Master of Science (BS-MS) dual-degrees, and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. IISER TVM is to offer five new BS-MS programmes (i2 Sciences) and new two-year M.Sc programmes in 2021.

Ministry of Education (India)
The Ministry of Education (MoE) is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The ministry is further divided into two departments: the Department of School Education and Literacy, which deals with primary, secondary and higher secondary education, adult education and literacy, and the Department of Higher Education, which deals with university level education, technical education, scholarships, etc.

The current education minister is Dharmendra Pradhan, a member of the Council of Ministers. India has had a Ministry of Education since 1947. In 1985, the Rajiv Gandhi government changed its name to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), and with the newly drafted "National Education Policy 2020" by the Narendra Modi government, the Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed back to the Ministry of Education.
Persian King (horse)
Persian King (foaled 18 February 2016) is a retired Irish-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and active sire. He showed very promising form as a two-year-old in 2018 when he won three of his four races including a very competitive edition of the Autumn Stakes. In the following year he won the Prix de Fontainebleau and Poule d'Essai des Poulains before finishing second in the Prix du Jockey Club. He reached his peak as a four-year-old in 2020 when he won the Prix du Muguet, Prix d'Ispahan and Prix du Moulin de Longchamp as well as running third in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.

Prix du Jockey Club
The Prix du Jockey Club, sometimes referred to as the French Derby, is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs) each year in early June.
Antipas, Cotabato
Antipas, officially the Municipality of Antipas (Kinaray-a: Banwa ka(ng) Antipas; Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Antipas; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Antipas; Tagalog: Bayan ng Antipas; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Antipas, Jawi: ايڠايد نو انتيڤاس), is a  municipality in the province of Cotabato, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,817 people.

Maguindanao language
Maguindanaon (Basa Magindanawn, Jawi: باس مڬندنون‎), or Magindanawn  is an Austronesian language spoken by Maguindanaon people who form majority of the population of eponymous provinces of Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur in the Philippines. It is also spoken by sizable minorities in different parts of Mindanao such as the cities of Zamboanga, Davao, General Santos, and Cagayan de Oro, and the provinces of Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Davao del Sur, Davao Occidental, Bukidnon as well as Metro Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Rizal and Laguna. As of 2020, the language is ranked to be the ninth leading language spoken at home in the Philippines with only 365,032 households still speaking the language.
Bharat Taxi
Bharat Taxi is an Indian ride-hailing service,  structured as a cooperative-led model by Sahakar Taxi Cooperative Limited. It is supported by the Ministry of Co-operation and promoted by eight leading cooperatives of India: NCDC, Amul, IFFCO, KRIBHCO, NAFED, NDDB, NCEL, and NABARD. The platform was announced by the Government of India in December 2024 as part of an effort to promote cooperative based models in the gig economy.

A soft launch of the Bharat Taxi customer application took place in December 2025, with a full commercial rollout planned for 2026.

Ministry of Co-operation
The Ministry of Cooperation is a Union
ministry under the Government of India which was formed in 2021. The ministry provides a separate administrative, legal and policy framework for strengthening the cooperative movement in the country. The ministry's creation was announced on 6 July 2021 along with its vision statement of Sahkar se samriddhi (transl. Prosperity through cooperation). Before the creation of this ministry, the objectives of this ministry were looked after by the Ministry of Agriculture.

The ministry works in strengthening co-operatives at the grassroot level, working to streamline processes for 'Ease of doing business' for co-operatives and enabling the development of Multi-State Co-operatives (MSCS). The same was initially announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman while presenting the 2021 Union budget.
Barbara J. Bain
Barbara Jane Bain (born 1941) is an Australian haematologist and oncologist. She is a professor at the Imperial College Faculty of Medicine and a consultant at St Mary's Hospital, London. She is known as the author of reference textbooks in the field of haematology that form the core curriculum for laboratory morphology and pathology.

St Mary's Hospital, London
St Mary's Hospital is a teaching hospital in Paddington, in the City of Westminster, London, founded in 1845. Since the UK's first academic health science centre was created in 2008, it has been operated by Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, which also operates Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital and the Western Eye Hospital.

Until 1988 the hospital ran St Mary's Hospital Medical School, part of the federal University of London. In 1988 it merged with Imperial College London, and then with Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School in 1997 to form Imperial College School of Medicine. In 2007 Imperial College became an independent institution when it withdrew from the University of London.
Chris Klebl
Christopher Klebl (born 5 January 1972) is an American-Canadian cross-country skier who represented the United States at the 2006 and 2010 Winter Paralympics before winning a gold medal for Canada at the 2014 Winter Paralympics.

Canada at the 2014 Winter Paralympics
Canada competed at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia, from March 7 to 16, 2014.

Canada sent a team of 54 athletes to compete in all five sports, and finished with 7 gold medals and 16 overall (ranking 3rd and 4th respectively). This met the performance goal set by the Canadian Paralympic Committee on a top three finish in total gold medals.
Snorre Valen
Snorre Serigstad Valen (born 16 September 1984 in Oslo) is a Norwegian journalist, musician and former politician from the Socialist Left Party. He served as an MP in the Storting from Sør-Trøndelag from 2009 to 2017, and deputy leader of the party from November 2015 to 2019. Valen previously worked as a communications assistant at NTNU Social Research.

In 2020, he became head of the politics section of the newspaper Nidaros in Trondheim, Norway.

2017 Norwegian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 11 September 2017 to elect all 169 members of the unicameral Norwegian Parliament, the Storting. The non-socialist parties retained a reduced majority of 88 seats, allowing Prime Minister Erna Solberg's Conservative-Progress coalition to remain in government. The Liberal Party joined the coalition in January 2018 but it remained a minority cabinet until the Christian Democratic Party joined the coalition in 2019. The three largest centre-left parties won 79 seats. The Green Party retained its single seat, while the Red Party won its first ever seat.
Adam Loftus (bishop)
Adam Loftus (c. 1533 – 5 April 1605) was an English Roman Catholic priest from North Yorkshire who conformed to Anglicanism following the ascension to the throne of Queen Elizabeth I of England. Loftus subsequently served as Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh, Archbishop of Dublin, and Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1581. Loftus is particularly important to Irish history as the first Provost of Trinity College Dublin and for his central role in the 1584 torture and execution of Archbishop Dermot O'Hurley, who was Beatified by Pope John Paul II as one of the Irish Catholic Martyrs in 1992. Loftus is also notable, through the marriage of his daughter Anne to the son and heir of Sir Henry Colley and their subsequent issue, as the ancestor of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.

Dermot O'Hurley
Dermot O'Hurley (c. 1530 – 19 or 20 June 1584)—also Dermod or Dermond O'Hurley: Irish: Diarmaid Ó hUrthuile—was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cashel in Ireland during the reign of Elizabeth I, who was put to death for treason. He was one of the most celebrated of the Irish Catholic Martyrs, and was beatified by Pope John Paul II on 27 September 1992.
David Downey
David Downey (born February 18, 1942) is a former two-time Canadian middleweight champion and a member of the Boxing Downeys dynasty. He was the son of George Downey and is the father of Olympian Ray Downey. He is in the Canadian Boxing Hall of Fame and the Nova Scotia Sports Hall of Fame.

Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame
The Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame was established on November 3, 1964, by John E. Ahern to honour outstanding athletes, teams and sport builders in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The facilities are located at the World Trade and Convention Centre in the provincial capital city of Halifax.
Ellen More
Ellen or Elen More (fl. c. 1500–1535) was an African servant at the Scottish royal court. She probably arrived in Scotland in the company of a Portuguese man with imported animals. There are records of clothing and gifts given to her, although her roles and status are unclear. Some recent scholarship suggests she was enslaved, and her arrival in Scotland can be linked indirectly with the slave trade. She is associated with a racist poem by William Dunbar, and may have performed in Edinburgh as the "Black Lady" at royal tournaments in 1507 and 1508.

William Dunbar
William Dunbar (1459 or 1460 – by 1530) was a Scottish makar, or court poet, active in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. He was closely associated with the court of King James IV and produced a large body of work in Scots distinguished by its great variation in themes and literary styles. He was probably a native of East Lothian, as assumed from a satirical reference in The Flyting of Dumbar and Kennedie. His surname is also spelt Dumbar.
T. K. Padmini
T. K. Padmini (12 May 1940 – 11 May 1969) was an Indian painter from the south India state of Kerala. A recipient of multiple awards from the Chennai centre of the Lalit Kala Akademi, she was one of the prominent Indian woman painters. Her paintings have been displayed at The National Art Gallery, Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad and the Durbar Hall Ground Art Gallery of Kerala Lalithakala Akademi. She died on 11 May 1969 at the age of 29.

Durbar Hall Ground
The Durbar Hall Ground is a popular location for various cultural activities in the city of Kochi, Kerala, India. The compound of the ground also has the Durbar Hall, which now functions mostly as an art gallery. The ground itself is used for various cultural programmes of interest to the general public.
Ampullae of Lorenzini
Ampullae of Lorenzini (sg.: ampulla) are electroreceptors, sense organs able to detect electric fields. They form a network of mucus-filled pores in the skin of cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) and of basal bony fishes such as reedfish, sturgeon, and lungfish. They are associated with and evolved from the mechanosensory lateral line organs of early vertebrates. Most bony fishes and terrestrial vertebrates have lost their ampullae of Lorenzini.

Batomorphi
Batomorphi is a division of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays; this taxon is sometimes considered as the superorder Batoidea, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies it as the division Batomorphi. Batomorphi, along with the shark division Selachii, both compose the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the most speciose of cartilaginous fishes groups, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces.
St. John Nepomuk Parish Historic District
St. John Nepomuk Parish Historic District is centered on the Catholic parish of St. John Nepomuk in the Soulard neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The historic district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Soulard, St. Louis
Soulard (/ˈsulɑːrd/ SOO-lard) is a historic neighborhood in St. Louis, Missouri. It is the home of Soulard Farmers Market, the oldest farmers' market west of the Mississippi River. Soulard is one of eight certified local historic districts in the city of St. Louis.
Cephalopod egg fossil
Cephalopod egg fossils are the fossilized remains of eggs laid by cephalopods. The fossil record of cephalopod eggs is scant since their soft, gelatinous eggs decompose quickly and have little chance to fossilize. Eggs laid by ammonoids are the best known and only a few putative examples of these have been discovered. The best preserved of these were discovered in the Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay of England. Currently no belemnoid egg fossils have ever been discovered although this may be because scientists have not properly searched for them rather than an actual absence from the fossil record.

Belemnoidea
Belemnoids are an extinct group of marine cephalopod, very similar in many ways to the modern squid. Like them, the belemnoids possessed an ink sac, but, unlike the squid, they possessed ten arms of roughly equal length, and no tentacles.  The name "belemnoid" comes from the Ancient Greek wordd βέλεμνον (bélemnon), meaning "dart, arrow", and είδος (eídos), meaning "form".

Belemnoids include belemnites (which belong to the order Belemnitida), aulacocerids (order Aulacocerida), phragmoteuthids (order Phragmoteuthida), and diplobelids (order Diplobelida). Belemnoidea has been suggested to be paraphyletic by some authors.