hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christianization of Bulgaria
The Christianization of Bulgaria was the process by which 9th-century medieval Bulgaria converted to Christianity. It reflected the need of unity within the religiously divided Bulgarian state as well as the need for equal acceptance on the international stage in Christian Europe. This process was characterized by the shifting political alliances of Boris I of Bulgaria (ruled 852–889) with the kingdom of the East Franks and with the Byzantine Empire, as well as his diplomatic correspondence with the Pope.

Because of Bulgaria's strategic position, the churches of both Rome and Constantinople each wanted Bulgaria in their sphere of influence.  They regarded Christianization as a means of integrating Slavs into their region.  After some overtures to each side, the Khan adopted Christianity from Constantinople in 870. As a result, he achieved his goal of gaining an independent Bulgarian national church and having an archbishop appointed to head it.

East Francia
East Francia (Latin: Francia orientalis) or the Kingdom of the East Franks (Regnum Francorum orientalium) was a successor state of the Carolingian Empire ruled by the Carolingian dynasty until 911. It was established through the 843 Treaty of Verdun which divided the former kingdom of Francia into three kingdoms: Francia Orientalis (the East Frankish kingdom); Francia Media (the Middle Frankish kingdom); and Francia Occidentalis (the West Frankish kingdom).

The east–west division with the Treaty of Verdun, enforced by the Germanic-Latin language split, "gradually hardened into the establishment of separate kingdoms", with East Francia becoming (or being) the Kingdom of Germany, and West Francia becoming the Kingdom of France.
Marley Zarcone
Marley Zarcone is a Canadian comic book artist who works primarily for Image and DC Comics. Along with Corey Lewis, Brandon Graham and James Stokoe, she's a part of a studio/collective called "Yosh Comics". In 2015, she launched Effigy with Tim Seeley for DC Comics' Vertigo imprint. In 2016, she launched Shade, the Changing Girl with Cecil Castellucci for Gerard Way's Young Animal imprint.

Tim Seeley
Tim Seeley is an American comic book artist and writer known for his work on books such as Grayson, Nightwing, G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero, G.I. Joe vs. Transformers and New Exiles. He is also the co-creator of the Image Comics titles Hack/Slash and Revival.
Bill Small
William Small (9 May 1897 – 16 February 1962) was an Irish hurler. Usually lining out as a full-back, he was a member of the Dublin team that won the 1924 All-Ireland Championship.

After being selected for the Dublin senior team in 1923, Small was a regular member of the team for the subsequent two seasons. He won his only Leinster medal in 1924 before later winning his only All-Ireland medal after Dublin's defeat of Galway in the final. Small won a National Hurling League medal with Tipperary in 1928.

A secondary school teacher at Nenagh CBS, Small died on 16 February 1962.

1924 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1924 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 38th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament. The championship began on 4 May 1924 and ended on 14 December 1924.

The championship was won by Dublin who secured the title following a 5–3 to 2–6 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their fourth All-Ireland title.

Galway entered the championship as the defending champions.
Brad Walker (rugby league)
Brad Walker (born 30 January 1998) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a loose forward and second-row forward for the Barrow Raiders in the Championship.

He previously played for the Widnes Vikings in the Super League and Championship, and spent time on loan from Widnes at the North Wales Crusaders in League 1. He played for Wakefield Trinity in the Super League and also spent time on loan from Wakefield at the Newcastle Thunder in League 1.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Bitkey
Bitkey is a digital wallet for bitcoin, available in the U.S. and 95 other countries. Launched in 2023 by Block, Inc., a company founded by Jack Dorsey, Bitkey began shipping in March 2024. It is a multisignature wallet, storing bitcoin independently of third-party cryptocurrency exchanges or custodial platforms.

Bitkey includes a mobile app, a hardware device, and a set of recovery tools in case the customer loses the phone, their hardware or both.

Cryptocurrency wallet
A cryptocurrency wallet is a device, physical medium, program or an online service which stores the public and/or private keys for cryptocurrency transactions. In addition to this basic function of storing the keys, a cryptocurrency wallet more often offers the functionality of encrypting and/or signing information. Signing can for example result in executing a smart contract, a cryptocurrency transaction (see "bitcoin transaction" image), identification, or legally signing a 'document' (see "application form" image).
Joannes Hermans
Joannes Hermans, called Monsú Aurora, (Antwerp, c. 1630 – c. 1677) was a Flemish painter of animals and still lifes of game, fruit and flowers who worked in Italy and Antwerp where he contributed to the development of the Baroque still life genre.

Jan Fyt
Jan Fijt, Jan Fijt or Johannes Fijt (or Fyt) (19 August 1609 – 11 September 1661) was a Flemish Baroque painter, draughtsman and etcher.  One of the leading still life and animaliers of the 17th century, he was known for his refined flower and fruit still lives, depictions of animals, garland painting and lush hunting pieces, and combinations of these subgenres, such as game, flowers and fish under a festoon of flowers.  He was probably the master of the prominent Pieter Boel, who worked in a style very similar to that of Fyt.
Music Is Our Way of Life
Music Is Our Way of Life is the third studio album released by Full Flava, a production which included Rob Derbyshire and Paul 'Solomon' Mullings, assisted by back-up vocalist Tee.

The album was recorded in collaboration with the following female vocalists: Chantay Savage, Beverlei Brown, Kelli Sae, Carleen Anderson, Joy Rose, Donna Gardier, Hazel Fernandes, CeCe Peniston, and Dee Johnson.

Full Flava
Full Flava are Rob Derbyshire and Paul Solomon, a Birmingham, England production team assisted by backing singer Tee, that specialize in producing R&B and soul records for many established artists such as Chantay Savage, Beverlei Brown, Ruby Turner, Carleen Anderson, Hazel Fernandes, Alison Limerick, CeCe Peniston, and Donna Gardier.
Wiebo Ludwig
Wiebo Arienes Ludwig (19 December 1941 – 9 April 2012) was the leader of a Christian community named Trickle Creek, just outside Hythe, Alberta, Canada. He was best known for his legal problems arising from his conflict with the oil and gas industry. He was convicted in R v Ludwig [2000] AJ v509 at 293 on several counts (see infra) for sabotaging oil and gas wells. From the early 1990s until the time that he died, Ludwig consistently accused the industry of poisoning his family and farm through their attempts to extract toxic sour gas from the Peace River region of Alberta.

Hythe, Alberta
Hythe is a hamlet in northwest Alberta, Canada within the County of Grande Prairie No. 1. It is located on Highway 43 approximately 58 km (36 mi) northwest of the City of Grande Prairie and 73 km (45 mi) southeast of the City of Dawson Creek, British Columbia. It held village status prior to July 2021.
Real American Freestyle
Real American Freestyle (RAF) is an American freestyle wrestling promotion owned by Real American Wrestling, Inc. and headquartered in Tampa, Florida. It was founded in 2025 by Chad Bronstein, Terri Francis, and Hulk Hogan.

Competitors include current and former high school wrestlers, collegiate wrestlers, Olympic wrestlers, and mixed martial artists. The promotion provides an opportunity for wrestlers to compete and profit from the sport, as amateur wrestling historically does not permit compensation. A partnership with USA Wrestling allows current NCAA wrestlers to compete and receive compensation through NIL sponsorships.

The promotion debuted with its inaugural event, RAF 01, on August 30, 2025. Fox Nation is the official broadcast home of the promotion's flagship events. A weekly RAF television series will begin airing live in 2026.

Scholastic wrestling
Scholastic wrestling, sometimes referred to as folkstyle wrestling and commonly known as simply wrestling, is a style of amateur wrestling at the high school and middle school levels in the United States. It has often been labeled the "toughest sport in the world" because of the physical conditioning, mental preparation, complexity, and intense nature of its one-on-one competition.

According to an athletics participation survey taken in 2006–07 by the National Federation of State High School Associations, 9,445 high schools sponsored boys' wrestling teams and 257,246 boys participated in the sport, making it the eighth-most available and sixth-most popular high school sport in the nation. Among high school girls, 5,408 girls participated on 1,227 high school girls wrestling teams nationally, as of 2006–07.

Scholastic wrestling competition at the high school level is in all 50  U.S. states and the national capital of Washington, D.C.
Tim Berra (biologist)
Tim M. Berra is academy professor and professor emeritus of evolution, ecology and organismal biology at Ohio State University. He received his MS (1967) and PhD in biology from Tulane University in 1969. He is a three-time recipient of Fulbright Fellowships to Australia in 1969, 1979, and 2009. He taught at the University of Papua New Guinea before joining the faculty of OSU in 1972. He has spent over 11 years doing fieldwork in Australia. He is known for his ichthyological research and  biographies of Charles Darwin, Darwin's children and naturalist William Beebe. Berra has researched and written about the Murray cod, trout cod, Australian grayling, salamanderfish, galaxiids, megamouth shark and the nurseryfish. In 2009 the Smithsonian Institution received his collection of 260 species of rare fishes. In 2022 the National Center for Science Education (NCSE) presented Berra the "Friend of Darwin" award.

University of Papua New Guinea
The University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG) is a university located in Port Moresby, capital of Papua New Guinea. It was established by ordinance of the Australian administration in 1965. This followed the Currie Commission which had enquired into higher education in Papua New Guinea. The University of Papua New Guinea Act No. 18, 1983 bill repealing the old Ordinance was passed by the National Parliament in August 1983.

The university has moved from a departmental to a school structure to foster interdisciplinary and inter-school relationships. The university's library is known as the Michael Somare Library, named after the country's first Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare. Multiple sources have included it among the best universities in Papua New Guinea.
Schoschana Rabinovici
Schoschana Rabinovici (née Suzanne Weksler; November 14, 1932 – August 2, 2019) was a Holocaust survivor and the author of the memoir Dank meiner Mutter (1994) which was published in the United States in 1998 under the title Thanks to My Mother. Of Lithuanian-Jewish heritage, she survived Vilnius Ghetto and the Kaiserwald and Stutthof Nazi concentration camps as a young girl (ages 8 to 12).

Kaiserwald concentration camp
Kaiserwald (Ķeizarmežs) was a Nazi concentration camp near the Riga suburb of Mežaparks, then part of Reichskommissariat Ostland, in modern-day Latvia.

Kaiserwald was built in March 1943, during the period that the German army occupied Latvia. The first inmates of the camp were several hundred convicts from Germany.

Following the liquidation of the Riga, Liepāja and Daugavpils (Dvinsk) ghettos in June 1943, the remainder of the Jews of Latvia, along with most of the survivors of the liquidation of the Vilna Ghetto, were deported to Kaiserwald.

In early 1944, a number of smaller camps around Riga were brought under the jurisdiction of the Kaiserwald camp.

Following the occupation of Hungary by the Germans, Hungarian Jews were sent to Kaiserwald, as were a number of Jews from Łódź, in Poland. By March 1944, there were 11,878 inmates in the camp and its subsidiaries, 6,182 males and 5,696 females, of whom only 95 were gentiles.
2nd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers)
The 2nd (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) was a volunteer infantry battalion of the British Army under various titles from 1860 to 1961. It served in Malta, Gallipoli, Egypt and on the Western Front during World War I. In World War II it saw service in Iraq, North Africa and Italy. After a postwar spell as an air defence unit, it reverted to the infantry role, and merged into the Territorials of the Royal Fusiliers.

The Rangers (British battalion)
The Rangers was a volunteer unit of the British Army, originally formed in 1860. It provided a detachment for service in the Second Boer War, saw intensive action on the Western Front in the First World War (including the Battles of the Somme and Passchendaele), and served as motorised infantry during the Second World War during the campaigns in Greece and the Western Desert.
Candidates of the 1910 Australian federal election
This article provides information on candidates who stood for the 1910 Australian federal election. The election was held on 13 April 1910.

The Commonwealth Liberal Party was formed in 1909 as a merger between several conservative groups. Seats previously held by the Protectionist Party, the Anti-Socialist Party, the Western Australian Party, or the Victorian independent Protectionists are considered to be held by the Liberal Party.

Western Australian Party
The Western Australian Party (or West Australian Party; WAP) was a short-lived Australian political party that operated in 1906. It was intended as a liberal party to protect the rights of Western Australians and to oppose the increasingly successful Labor Party, and drew its supporters from the Protectionist Party and the Anti-Socialist Party. John Forrest, a minister in Alfred Deakin's government, accepted the leadership of the party. Candidates were endorsed for all electorates in the 1906 federal election, including Forrest, but by the time of the election enthusiasm for the venture had diffused. The party elected Forrest in Swan and William Hedges in Fremantle.

Forrest and Hedges did not sit together in federal parliament; Forrest continued to serve as a minister in the Protectionist government of Alfred Deakin while Hedges sat on the opposition benches as an Anti-Socialist.
Drew Pyne
Andrew M. Pyne (born December 5, 2000) is an American college football quarterback for Bowling Green Falcons of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). He previously played for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, Arizona State Sun Devils, and Missouri Tigers.

Bowling Green Falcons football
The Bowling Green Falcons football program is the intercollegiate football team of Bowling Green State University. The team is a member of the NCAA, playing at the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, formerly Division I-A, level; BGSU football competes within the Mid-American Conference. The Falcons have played their home games in Doyt Perry Stadium since 1966. The stadium holds 24,000 spectators. In their 93-year history, the Falcons have won 12 MAC championships and a UPI national championship in 1959. The head coach is currently Eddie George.
Ymeria
Ymeria is an extinct genus of early stem tetrapod from the Devonian of Greenland. Of the two other genera of stem tetrapods from Greenland, Acanthostega and Ichthyostega, Ymeria is most closely related to Ichthyostega, though the single known specimen is smaller, the skull about 10 cm in length. A single interclavicle resembles that of Ichthyostega, an indication Ymeria may have resembled this genus in the post-cranial skeleton.

Clavicle
The clavicle, collarbone, or keybone is a slender, S-shaped long bone approximately 15 centimetres (6 in) long that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone). There are two clavicles, one on each side of the body. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally. Together with the shoulder blade, it makes up the shoulder girdle. It is a palpable bone and, in people who have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible. It receives its name from Latin clavicula 'little key' because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone. It can easily be fractured by impacts to the shoulder from the force of falling on outstretched arms or by a direct hit.
Silver Creek (Saucon Creek tributary)
Silver Creek is a tributary of Saucon Creek in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It is approximately 3.2 miles (5.1 km) long and flows through Lower Saucon Township and Hellertown. The watershed of the creek has an area of 2.89 square miles (7.5 km2). The creek is a very small stream that is urban in its lower reaches. However, it is not designated as an impaired waterbody and is inhabited by trout. The creek has been a major source of flooding in Hellertown.

Urban stream
An urban stream is a waterway that flows through a densely populated, heavily developed area. Urbanized landscapes alter water flows into and within streams compared with pre-urbanized landscapes. Urban streams are often impaired in characteristic ways. The combination of impairments is referred to as "urban stream syndrome," and it includes pollution from urban stormwater runoff and combined sewer overflows. Urban streams tend to be "flashier" meaning they have more frequent and larger high flow and flooding events. These alterations to the stream typically lead to changes in the communities of organisms, favoring organisms with high tolerances of the degraded conditions.
Trypetheliopsis kassamensis
Trypetheliopsis kassamensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Monoblastiaceae. The species was first described in 1997 by Emmanuël Sérusiaux as Musaespora kassamensis, based on material from Kassam Pass in Papua New Guinea, and was transferred to Trypetheliopsis in 2009; it has since been recorded from Costa Rica. It is distinguished from related species by a saffron to orange-yellow pigment inside its spore-producing structures that turns carmine red with potassium hydroxide solution.

Trypetheliopsis
Trypetheliopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Monoblastiaceae. It contains eight species. The genus grows as a thin crust on tree bark, typically in tropical and subtropical regions, and is recognised by its flask-shaped fruiting bodies that are embedded within raised, crusty structures on the lichen's surface. Species in this genus were largely forgotten by lichenologists for several decades until 2009, when researchers studying Japanese herbarium specimens "resurrected" the group by reclassifying several related lichens within it.
ABRSM
The ABRSM (Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music) is an examination board and registered charity based in the United Kingdom. ABRSM is one of five examination boards accredited by Ofqual to award graded exams and diploma qualifications in music within the UK's National Qualifications Framework (along with the London College of Music, RSL Awards (Rockschool Ltd), Trinity College London, and the Music Teachers' Board). 'The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music' was established in 1889 and rebranded as ABRSM in 2009. The clarifying strapline "the exam board of the Royal Schools of Music" was introduced in 2012.

More than 600,000 candidates take ABRSM exams each year in over 90 countries. ABRSM also provides a publishing house for music which produces syllabus booklets, sheet music and exam papers and runs professional development courses and seminars for teachers.

ABRSM is one of the UK's 200 largest charitable organisations ranked by annual expenditure.

National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom
The national qualification frameworks in the United Kingdom are qualifications frameworks that define and link the levels and credit values of different qualifications.

The current frameworks are:

The Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF) for general and vocational qualifications regulated by Ofqual in England and the Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) in Northern Ireland;

The Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales (CQFW) in Wales, regulated by Qualifications Wales;

The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF)  in Scotland;

The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (FHEQ) for qualifications awarded by bodies across the United Kingdom with degree-awarding powers.

Credit frameworks use the Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme, where 1 credit = 10 hours of nominal learning.
Ellen Molloy
Ellen Molloy (born 5 June 2004) is an Irish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Shamrock Rovers. In her club career, she has played for Wexford FC and has been capped for Sheffield United. She has also been capped by the Republic of Ireland women's national team.

Republic of Ireland women's national football team
The Republic of Ireland women's national football team (Irish: Foireann sacair ban Phoblacht na hÉireann) represents the Republic of Ireland in competitions such as the FIFA Women's World Cup and the UEFA Women's Championship. The team played in their first World Cup at the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup. It has taken part in invitational tournaments such as the Algarve Cup, the Istria Cup, the Cyprus Cup and Pinatar Cup. It is organised by the Women's Football Association of Ireland.
Guadalupe Llori
Esperanza Guadalupe Llori Abarca (born 1962) is an Ecuadorian politician who was prefect of Orellana Province. She is a member of the Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement. She served as President of the National Assembly of Ecuador from May 2021 to May 2022.

Pachakutik
The Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement – New Country (Spanish: Movimiento de Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik – Nuevo País) is a political party in Ecuador that is described as Indigenist and left-wing.  It was founded primarily as a way to advance the interests of a wide variety of Indigenous peoples' organizations throughout Ecuador.