hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kinetic isotope effect
In physical organic chemistry, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is the change in the reaction rate of a chemical reaction when one of the atoms in the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes. Formally, it is the ratio of rate constants for the reactions involving the light (kL) and the heavy (kH) isotopically substituted reactants (isotopologues): KIE = kL/kH.

This change in reaction rate is a quantum effect that occurs mainly because heavier isotopologues have lower vibrational frequencies than their lighter counterparts. In most cases, this implies a greater energy input needed for heavier isotopologues to reach the transition state (or, in rare cases, dissociation limit), and therefore, a slower reaction rate. The study of KIEs can help elucidate reaction mechanisms, and is occasionally exploited in drug development to improve unfavorable pharmacokinetics by protecting metabolically vulnerable C-H bonds.

Transition state
In chemistry, the transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate. It is defined as the state corresponding to the highest potential energy along this reaction coordinate.  It is often marked with the double dagger (‡) symbol.

As an example, the transition state shown below occurs during the SN2 reaction of bromoethane with a hydroxide anion:

The activated complex of a reaction can refer to either the transition state or to other states along the reaction coordinate between reactants and products, especially those close to the transition state.

According to the transition state theory, once the reactants have passed through the transition state configuration, they always continue to form products.
Kevin C. A. Burke
Kevin C. A. Burke (Kevin Charles Anthony Burke, November 13, 1929 - March 21, 2018) was a geologist known for his contributions in the theory of plate tectonics. In the course of his life, Burke held multiple professorships, most recent of which (1983-2018) was the position of professor of geology and tectonics at the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Houston. His studies on plate tectonics, deep mantle processes, sedimentology, erosion, soil formation and other topics extended over several decades and influenced multiple generations of geologists and geophysicists around the world.

Earth's mantle
Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core. It has a mass of 4.01×1024 kg (8.84×1024 lb) and makes up 86% of the mass of Earth. It has a thickness of 2,900 kilometers (1,800 mi) making up about 46% of Earth's radius and 84% of Earth's volume. It is predominantly solid but, on geologic time scales, it behaves as a viscous fluid, sometimes described as having the consistency of caramel. Partial melting of the mantle at mid-ocean ridges produces oceanic crust, and partial melting of the mantle at subduction zones produces continental crust.
Anu Hasan
Anu Haasan (born Anuradha Chandrahasan) is an Indian actress and TV anchor. She made her film debut in the critically acclaimed Indira (1995) and has since appeared in many Tamil films, playing minor roles. She hosted the celebrity talk show Koffee with Anu on the Tamil channel Vijay for three seasons.

Geetu Mohandas
Gayatri Das (born 8 June 1981) known professionally as Geetu Mohandas is an Indian former actress and director known for her works in Malayalam cinema. In 2013, she directed the socio political film Liar's Dice which has received two National Film Awards, was premiered at Sundance Film Festival, and was India's official entry at the 87th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film.
Dean Solomon
Dean Solomon (born 9 January 1980) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Football Club and the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Solomon served as caretaker senior coach with the Gold Coast Football Club for the last 3 games of the 2017 season, following the departure of senior coach Rodney Eade on 7 August 2017.

Gold Coast Suns
The Gold Coast Suns, officially the Gold Coast Football Club, are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League (AFL). The club is based on the Gold Coast in Queensland.

Founded in 2009, the club has been playing in the AFL since the 2011 season. It plays home matches at Carrara Stadium (known for commercial purposes as People First Stadium) and has its training and administrative facilities located at the adjacent Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre. The club is one of two AFL clubs based in Queensland, the other being its main rival, the Brisbane Lions, which it competes against in the QClash.

In addition to the men's team, the Suns field other teams, including an AFL Women's side, a reserves side in the Victorian Football League, and a Gold Coast Suns Academy side consisting of the club's best junior development signings. It also competes in Division 2 of the men's, women's underage championships, and the Talent League.
Coronation (French horse)
Coronation (also known as Coronation V, foaled 1946) was a French racehorse. In a racing career which lasted from the spring of 1948 until October 1950, she ran thirteen times and won six races. As a two-year-old she was one of the best fillies of her generation in Europe, winning the Queen Mary Stakes in England and the Prix Robert Papin in France. In the following year she dead-heated for the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches, but was beaten in both the Oaks Stakes and the Irish Oaks. In October 1949 she established her reputation as one of the best fillies to race in Europe in the 20th century when she emphatically defeated a strong international field in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. Her subsequent racing career was disappointing and she was a complete failure as a broodmare.

Tie (draw)
A draw or tie occurs in a competitive sport when the results are identical or inconclusive. Ties or draws are possible in some, but not all, sports and games. Such an outcome, sometimes referred to as deadlock, can also occur in other areas of life such as politics, business, and wherever there are different factions regarding an issue.
Jean Jacques Nshobozwabyosenumukiza
Jean Jacques "J. J." Wilson Nshobozwabyosenumukiza (born 26 June 1998)  is a Rwandan basketball player who currently plays for REG on loan from APR of the Rwanda Basketball League (RBL). He is also a member of the Rwanda national basketball team.

Rwanda Basketball League
The Rwanda Basketball League (RBL) (formerly the National Basketball League Rwanda) is the top professional basketball league in Rwanda. Its season usually runs from November to September. The winners of the NBL season qualify for the qualifiers for the Basketball Africa League (BAL).

The league currently consists of 10 teams, most of them being from the country's capital Kigali. The current champion of the RBL are APR, who are the league’s most decorated team with a record 16 championships. Other notable teams are REG and their rivals Patriots, who have been powerhouses in recent years.

Since the 2021–22 season, the FERWABA also organises the RBL Division 2 to which the bottom two teams of the RBL relegate.
Clarus Mag Máilin
Clarus Mag Máilin (fl. 1215–1251) Irish monk. Mag Máilin was a member of an erenagh and brehon family located in Moylurg, a kingdom in the north of what is now County Roscommon.

According to the Travelmania Ireland website,

"Clarus Mac Mailin, son of the erenach of Inchmacnerin, who died 1251, founded the monastery of the Premonstratensians (reformed Augustinians), dedicated to the Holy Trinity, in 1215. The ranks of Canons were augmented in 1228 by the defection of monks from the Cistercian Abbey of Boyle, which was seen by the Cistercian Council of that year as having become too gaelicized. The monks brought with them their manuscripts and learning, which, under Clarus' direction, developed eventually into the great manuscripts of the Annals of Lough Key and the Annals of Connacht."

Erenagh
The medieval Irish office of erenagh (Old Irish: airchinnech, Modern Irish: airchinneach, Latin: princeps) was responsible for receiving parish revenue from tithes and rents, building and maintaining church property and overseeing the termonn lands that generated parish income. Thus he had a prebendary role.  The erenagh originally had a tonsure but took no other holy orders; he had a voice in the Chapter when they consulted about revenues, paid a yearly rent to the Bishop and a fine on the marriage of each daughter. The role usually passed down from generation to generation in certain families in each parish. After the Reformation and the Dissolution of the Monasteries the role of erenagh became subsumed in the responsibilities of the parson in each parish.
Stranger Things: Tales from '85
Stranger Things: Tales from '85 is an upcoming animated science fiction television series and a spin-off of Netflix's Stranger Things. First announced by Netflix in April 2025, it will be executive produced by Stranger Things creators Matt and Ross Duffer, as well as Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen of 21 Laps, Hilary Leavitt of Upside Down Pictures, and Eric Robles with Flying Bark Productions.

Tales from '85 takes place between the events of the second and third seasons of Stranger Things, and depicts the children – Eleven, Mike, Will, Lucas, Dustin, and Max – as they confront new monsters of the Upside Down, and unravel a "paranormal mystery terrorizing their town". The Duffers intend to capture the feel of an '80s Saturday-morning cartoon in the Stranger Things universe.

Tales from '85 is scheduled to premiere on April 23, 2026, on Netflix.

Stranger Things season 3
The third season of the American science fiction horror drama television series Stranger Things, marketed as Stranger Things 3, was released worldwide on the streaming service Netflix on July 4, 2019, coinciding with Independence Day, the season's centered holiday. The series was created by the Duffer Brothers, who also serve as executive producers along with Shawn Levy, Dan Cohen and Iain Paterson.

The season stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Noah Schnapp, Sadie Sink, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Joe Keery, Dacre Montgomery, Maya Hawke, Priah Ferguson, and Cara Buono. Brett Gelman, Francesca Reale, Cary Elwes, Alec Utgoff, and Andrey Ivchenko appear in recurring roles. The season received generally positive reviews from critics, and earned eight nominations at the 72nd Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series, and won for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One Hour).
Back 2 Life (LeToya Luckett album)
Back 2 Life is the third studio album by American R&B singer LeToya Luckett. It was released by eOne Music Entertainment on May 12, 2017. Her first album in eight years, it marked Luckett's first project as an independent artist after the release of her first two solo albums LeToya (2006) and Lady Love (2009), both of which were produced under Capitol Records. Luckett consulted a variety of musicians to work with her on Back 2 Life, including Jo Blaq, Warryn Campbell, D'Mile, Andre Harris, and J. White Did It.

The album earned generally positive reviews from music critics though some found that it lacked cohesiveness. Back 2 Life debuted and peaked at number 91 on the US Billboard 200, marking Luckett's lowest charting project in the United States up to then, and reached number four on the US Independent Albums chart. The album was preceded by two singles, including "Back 2 Life" and "Used To", the former of which peaked at number six on the Adult R&B Songs chart.

Adult R&B Songs
The Adult R&B Songs chart (also called Adult R&B Airplay) is an airplay chart that is published weekly by Billboard magazine. The chart tracks and measures the airplay of songs played on urban adult contemporary radio stations, whose playlist mostly include contemporary R&B and traditional R&B tracks. Nielsen Audio sometimes refers to the format as Urban adult contemporary radio. Billboard created the chart in September 1993, with the first number one being "Another Sad Love Song" by Toni Braxton.
Michael Mann (sociologist)
Michael Mann FBA (born 1942) is a British-American emeritus professor of sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and past honorary professor at the University of Cambridge.  Mann holds dual British and United States citizenships.

Perry Anderson
Francis Rory Peregrine "Perry" Anderson (born 11 September 1938) is a British intellectual, political philosopher, historian and essayist. His work ranges across historical sociology, intellectual history, and cultural analysis. Anderson's early work was more theoretical, concerned with working out problems in historical materialism. His mature work is marked by a concern with biographies and national histories.

Anderson is perhaps best known as the moving force behind the New Left Review. He is Professor of History and Sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Anderson has written many books, most recently Different Speeds, Same Furies: Powell, Proust and other Literary Forms and Disputing Disaster: A Sextet on the Great War. He is the brother of political scientist Benedict Anderson (1936–2015).
White-headed marsh tyrant
The white-headed marsh tyrant (Arundinicola leucocephala), commonly referred to as the marsh tyrant, is a small passerine bird belonging to the tyrant flycatcher family. It is the sole species within the genus Arundinicola. This diurnal bird, exclusively found in South America, exhibits sexual dimorphism and is known to have monogamous mating behavior.

Pied water tyrant
The pied water tyrant (Fluvicola pica) is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, and Venezuela,  as a vagrant to Ecuador and possibly other areas as well.
Mamiarisoa Modeste Randrianifahanana
Mamiarisoa Modeste Randrianifahanana (born 18 June 1967) is a Madagascan Catholic prelate who serves as Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antananarivo, in Madagascar. He was appointed to that position on 26 Jun 2025 by Pope Leo XIV. He was installed at Antananarivo on 21 September 2025. Before that, from 6 September 1997 until 26 June 2025, he was a priest of the same Catholic archdiocese. He was concurrently assigned the title of Titular Bishop of Iucundiana. He was consecrated at Anananarivo on 21 September  2025 by the hands of Jean de Dieu Raoelison, Archbmishop of Antananarivo Archdiocese.

Archdiocese of Antananarivo
The Archdiocese of Antananarivo is one of five Latin Church metropolitan archdioceses in Madagascar.

Its cathedral episcopal see is the Cathédrale de l'Immaculée Conception, dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, in Andohalo, in the national capital city of Antananarivo.

The archdiocese was, for many years, one of the bases for the spreading of Catholicism in Madagascar and the surrounding British and especially French Indian Ocean territories like Réunion, Comoros and others, which now form an Indian Ocean Episcopal Conference.
Mabel Vernon
Mabel Vernon (September 19, 1883 – September 2, 1975) was an American suffragist, pacifist, and a national leader in the United States suffrage movement. She was a Quaker and a member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Vernon was inspired by the methods used by the Women's Social and Political Union in Britain. Vernon was one of the principal members of the Congressional Union for Women Suffrage (CUWS) alongside Olympia Brown, Inez Milholland, Crystal Eastman, Lucy Burns, and Alice Paul, and helped to organize the Silent Sentinels protests that involved daily picketing of Woodrow Wilson's White House.

Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
The Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage was an American organization formed in 1913 led by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns to campaign for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women's suffrage. It was inspired by the United Kingdom's suffragette movement, which Paul and Burns had taken part in. Their continuous campaigning drew attention from congressmen, and in 1914 they were successful in forcing the amendment onto the floor for the first time in decades.
Firuz Shah Suri
Firuz Shah Suri (4 May 1542 – December 1554) was Sultan of Hindustan from 22 November 1554 until his assassination in 1554. He was the son of Islam Shah Suri and succeeded him in 1554 when he was twelve years old. Firuz Shah Suri was assassinated within days of his coronation by Sher Shah Suri's nephew Muhammad Mubariz Khan, who later ruled as Muhammad Shah Adil Suri.

Sur Empire
The Sur Empire was an empire ruled by the Afghan-origin Sur dynasty in northern India for nearly 16 or 18 years, between 1538/1540 and 1556, with Sasaram (in modern-day Bihar) serving as its capital. It was founded by Sher Shah Suri.

The Sur dynasty held control of nearly all the Mughal Empire territories along the Indo-Gangetic Plain, from eastern Balochistan in the west of Indus River to modern-day Rakhine, Myanmar in the east. Even as Sher Shah Suri consolidated his power over North India, Eastern India was still considered to be the seat of Sur power in India. This is demonstrated by the fact that 8 of the 16 silver mint cities he established were in the region between Chunar and Fathabad.
Micayla Johnson
Micayla Elaine Johnson (born January 18, 2008) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward for Chicago Stars FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). They signed with the Stars at age 18 in 2025. They won bronze with the United States at the 2024 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.

United States women's national under-17 soccer team
The United States U-17 women's national soccer team is a youth soccer team operated under the auspices of U.S. Soccer. Its primary role is the development of players in preparation for the senior national team. The team's most recent major tournament was the 2024 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, in which the United States team won bronze. The team competes in a variety of competitions, including the biennial FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, which is the top competition for this age group.
Circinaria rogeri
Circinaria rogeri is a species of lichen in the family Megasporaceae. It is a vagrant lichen, meaning it grows unattached to any surface and is moved about by wind and water. The species forms small, shrubby clumps that are dull olive-green to yellowish-green. It occurs on calcareous soils in the sagebrush steppes of the western United States, where it has been recorded from Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming.

Megasporaceae
Megasporaceae are a family of fungi belonging to the order Pertusariales. The family comprises about 300 species of lichen-forming fungi distributed worldwide, predominantly growing on rocks but also on soil, moss, and occasionally tree bark. Members form crust-like growths (though some have more elaborate forms) that contain green algae within their tissues, and they reproduce through disc-shaped fruiting bodies (apothecia) typically sunken into the thallus surface. The family includes eleven recognised genera, with Aspicilia being by far the largest at around 200 species. Originally established in 1994 for the single genus Megaspora, the family was later expanded through DNA studies to include several genera previously classified elsewhere, particularly those formerly grouped with Aspicilia in a broad sense.
National Council of Education
The National Council of Education - Bengal (or NCE - Bengal)  was an organisation founded by Satyendranath Tagore and other Indian nationalists in Bengal in 1906 to promote science and technology as part of a swadeshi industrialisation movement. It established the Bengal National College and Bengal Technical Institute which would later merge to form Jadavpur University. Institutions which were functioning under the council were considered to be hotbeds of swadeshi activities and the government banned nationalistic activities such as the singing of patriotic songs.

Jadavpur University
Jadavpur University (abbr. JU) is a public state funded technical and research university with its main campus located at Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It was established on 25 July in 1906 as Bengal Technical Institute and was converted into Jadavpur University on 24 December in 1955. As of the 2025 NIRF rankings, Jadavpur University has been ranked 9th among universities, 1st among state public universities, 18th among engineering institutes, and 18th overall in India. Also Nature Index ranked Jadavpur University in 1st among universities in India and 22nd overall in India in terms of research output (2023–2024). The university has been recognized by the UGC as an institute with "Potential for Excellence" and accredited an "A+" grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).
Clayton Brough
Robert Clayton Brough (born May 29, 1950) is an American climatologist and teacher, best known for his position as a long-time weatherman of KTVX ABC 4 in Salt Lake City, which he held for twenty-eight years. He also worked on the weather team at KUTV. Brough taught middle school for thirty-one years, as well as serving as an Adjunct Instructor at both Brigham Young University and the University of Utah. He is the co-holder of several world records.

KTVX
KTVX (channel 4) is a television station in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Ogden-licensed KUCW (channel 30), an owned-and-operated station of The CW. The two stations share studios on West 1700 South in Salt Lake City; KTVX's transmitter is located atop Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains.

KTVX has a large network of broadcast translators that extend its over-the-air coverage throughout Utah, as well as portions of Idaho, Nevada and Wyoming.
2007 Women's EuroHockey Nations Trophy
The 2007 Women's EuroHockey Nations Trophy was the second edition of the Women's EuroHockey Nations Trophy, the second level of the women's European field hockey championships organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held from 2 to 9 September 2007 in Šiauliai, Lithuania.

Scotland won its first EuroHockey Nations Trophy title and were promoted to the 2009 EuroHockey Championship together with the runners-up Russia.

2009 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship
The 2009 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship was the 9th edition of the women's field hockey championship organised by the European Hockey Federation. It was held from August 22 to August 29, 2009 in the Wagener Stadium in Amstelveen, Netherlands.
Distributed-queue dual-bus
In telecommunications, a distributed-queue dual-bus network (DQDB) is a distributed multi-access network that (a) supports integrated communications using a dual bus and distributed queuing, (b) provides access to local or metropolitan area networks, and (c) supports connectionless data transfer, connection-oriented data transfer, and isochronous communications, such as voice communications.

IEEE 802.6 is an example of a network providing DQDB access methods.

Metropolitan area network
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic region of the size of a metropolitan area. The term MAN is applied to the interconnection of local area networks (LANs) in a city into a single larger network which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network. The term is also used to describe the interconnection of several LANs in a metropolitan area through the use of point-to-point connections between them.