hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meigs Raid
The Meigs Raid (also known as the Battle of Sag Harbor) was a military raid by American Continental Army forces, under the command of Connecticut Colonel Return Jonathan Meigs, on a British Loyalist foraging party at Sag Harbor, New York on May 24, 1777, during the American Revolutionary War. Six Loyalists were killed and 90 captured while the Americans suffered no casualties.  The raid was made in response to a successful British raid on Danbury, Connecticut in late April that was opposed by American forces in the Battle of Ridgefield.

Organized in New Haven, Connecticut by Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, the expedition crossed Long Island Sound from Guilford on May 23, dragged whaleboats across the North Fork of Long Island, and raided Sag Harbor early the next morning, destroying boats and supplies.

Guilford, Connecticut
Guilford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. It borders Madison, Branford, North Branford, and Durham. It is situated on I-95 and the Connecticut coast. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 22,073 at the 2020 census.
Chua Soi Lek
Chua Soi Lek (simplified Chinese: 蔡细历; traditional Chinese: 蔡細歷; pinyin: Cài Xìlì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhòa Sòe-le̍k; born 2 January 1947), also known as Chua Kin Seng, is a Chinese Malaysian politician from the state of Johor. He is the 9th President of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a major component party in Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition from 2010 until 2013. He held the post of Minister of Health from 2004 until 2008. He has also been a one-term Member of Parliament (MP) for Labis (2004-2008) and a 4-term Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Penggaram from 1986 to 2004.

Batu Pahat (town)
Batu Pahat, also sometimes known as Bandar Penggaram or by its initials as BP, is a town and capital of Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia. It lies south-east of Muar (a royal town), south-west of Kluang, north-west of Pontian and south of Segamat. The town is in Simpang Kanan parish.

As of 2009, Batu Pahat town is the 20th largest urban area in Malaysia in population. In 2006, Batu Pahat surpassed Muar to become the second largest urban area in Johor and by 2012 Batu Pahat was the 16th largest urban area in Malaysia in population. Chinese make up the majority of the population at 62% followed by Malays at 36% and Indians at 2%.
Bernard Huguet
Bernard Huguet (born 30 March 1933), is a French chess FIDE Master (FM), French Chess Championship medalist (1967), Paris City Chess Championship winner (1969), Chess Olympiad individual bronze medal winner (1968).

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
1906 Iowa Senate election
The 1906 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1906 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 22 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.

A statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1906 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly here.

The 1906 elections were the last in Iowa before primary elections were established by the Primary Election Law in 1907. The general election took place on November 6, 1906.

Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 42 seats to Democrats' 8 seats.

To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 18 Senate seats.

Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1906 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 36 seats and Democrats having 14 seats (a net gain of 6 seats for Democrats).

1906 United States elections
Elections were held for the 60th United States Congress. It occurred in the middle of Republican President Theodore Roosevelt's second (only full) term, during the Fourth Party System. Republicans retained control of both houses of Congress.

Democrats won several seats in the House, but Republicans retained a solid majority in the chamber.

In the Senate, Republicans won moderate gains and maintained their commanding majority in the chamber.

This marked the most recent time in which a sitting two-term Republican president retained both chambers of Congress after his second midterm.
Akrotiri (prehistoric city)
Akrotiri (Greek: Ακρωτήρι, pronounced Greek: [akroˈtiri]) is a Cycladic Bronze Age settlement site on the volcanic Greek island of Santorini. The name comes from the nearby village of Akrotiri.

The settlement was destroyed during the Theran eruption sometime in the 16th century BC, and was buried in volcanic ash, which helped preserve its fine frescoes. Akrotiri has been excavated since 1967, after earlier excavations on the island.

Cycladic culture
Cycladic culture (also known as Cycladic civilisation) was a Bronze Age culture (c. 3100 BC – c. 1000 BC) found throughout the islands of the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea. In chronological terms, it is a relative dating system for artifacts which is roughly contemporary to Helladic chronology (mainland Greece) and Minoan chronology (Crete) during the same period of time.
Pobedobesie
Pobedobesie (Russian: победобесие, lit. 'victory frenzy, victory mania or victory obsession') is a pejorative term used to describe the perceivably jingoistic celebrations of Victory Day in Russia. This has been also dubbed the Victory Cult.

The term has been further extended to refer to the weaponization of the legacy of the Second World War to justify Russia's aggressive policies and an increase of militarism, using the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany for propaganda purposes.

Jingoism
Jingoism is nationalism and conservatism in the form of aggressive and proactive foreign policy, such as a country's advocacy for the use of threats or actual force, as opposed to peaceful relations, in efforts to safeguard what it perceives as its national interests. Colloquially, jingoism is excessive bias in judging one's own country as superior to others –  an extreme type of nationalism (see chauvinism and ultranationalism).
State Council of the Soviet Union
Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Russian: Государственный Совет СССР), also known as the State Soviet (Russian: Госсовет, romanized: Gossovet), was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. The members of the council consisted of the President of the Soviet Union, and highest officials (which typically was presidents of their republics) from the Soviet Union's republics. During the period of transition it was the highest organ of state power, having the power to elect a prime minister, or a person who would take Gorbachev's place if absent; the office of Vice President of the Soviet Union had been abolished following the failed August Coup that very same year.

Premier of the Soviet Union
The Premier of the Soviet Union (Russian: Глава Правительства СССР) was the head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). From 1923 to 1946, the name of the office was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, and from 1946 to 1991 its name was Chairman of the Council of Ministers. During the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, its name was briefly Prime Minister and later Chairman of the Committee on the Operational Management of the Soviet Economy. The first Soviet premier was the country's founder and first leader, Vladimir Lenin. After General Secretary of the Communist Party Joseph Stalin rose to power in 1924, the de facto leader of the Soviet Union typically was the party's General Secretary, with Stalin and his successor Nikita Khrushchev also serving as premier. Twelve individuals held the post.
Ballon Generali
48°50′29″N 2°16′27″E﻿ / ﻿48.84139°N 2.27417°E﻿ / 48.84139; 2.27417

The Ballon Generali is a tethered helium balloon, used as tourist attraction and as an air quality awareness tool. Installed in Paris since 1999 in the Parc André-Citroën,  it was created and developed by the French company Aerophile SAS for the celebration of the year 2000. The balloon has lofted more than 500,000 passengers into the sky since its opening.

Tethered balloon
A tethered, moored or captive balloon is a balloon that is restrained by one or more tethers attached to the ground so it cannot float freely. The base of the tether is wound around the drum of a winch, which may be fixed or mounted on a vehicle, and is used to raise and lower the balloon.

A balloon is a form of aerostat, along with the powered free-flying airship, although the American GAO has used the term "aerostat" to describe a tethered balloon in contrast to the powered airship.

Tethered balloons have been used for advertising, recreation, observation, and civil or military uses.
Caxton Club
The Caxton Club is a private social club and bibliophilic society founded in Chicago in 1895 to promote the book arts and the history of the book. To further its goals, the club hosts monthly events, collaborates with institutions like the Newberry Library, and publishes works including The Caxtonian. The Caxton Club is a member club of the Fellowship of American Bibliophilic Societies.

Newberry Library
The Newberry Library is an independent research library specializing in the humanities, located in the Near North Side community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It has been free and open to the public since 1887.
Retinomorphic sensor
Retinomorphic sensors are a type of event-driven optical sensor which produce a signal in response to changes in light intensity, rather than to light intensity itself. This is in contrast to conventional optical sensors such as charge coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based sensors, which output a signal that increases with increasing light intensity. Because they respond to movement only, retinomorphic sensors are hoped to enable faster tracking of moving objects than conventional image sensors, and have potential applications in autonomous vehicles, robotics, and neuromorphic engineering.

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
Annika Hocke
Annika Maria Hocke (born 16 July 2000) is a German pair skater. With her skating partner, Robert Kunkel, she is the  2023 European bronze medalist, the 2023 Skate America champion, 2022 Grand Prix de France bronze medalist, and has won five medals on the ISU Challenger Series, including gold at the 2022 CS Finlandia Trophy. They won two bronze medals on the 2019–20 ISU Junior Grand Prix series. Domestically they are the 2023 German national champions.

With former partner Ruben Blommaert, she is the 2017 CS Ice Star silver medalist, the 2018 Bavarian Open silver medalist, the 2018 International Cup of Nice silver medalist, and the 2018 German national silver medalist. They placed sixteenth at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

Hocke formerly competed in ladies' singles, winning bronze at the 2017 German Championships and placing eleventh at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.

2019–20 ISU Junior Grand Prix
The 2019–20 ISU Junior Grand Prix was a series of junior international competitions organized by the International Skating Union that were held from August 2019 through December 2019. It was the junior-level complement to the 2019–20 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final in Turin, Italy.
Flying ointment
Flying ointment is a substance described in European folklore and early modern witch trials as enabling witches to fly, often on broomsticks. These ointments were believed to contain hallucinogenic plants and were linked to the superstition of witches flying at night to Witches' Sabbaths.

Witch trials in the early modern period
In the early modern period, from about 1400 to 1775, about 100,000 people were prosecuted for witchcraft in Europe and  British America. Between 40,000 and 60,000 were executed, almost all in Europe. The witch hunts were particularly severe in parts of the Holy Roman Empire. Prosecutions for witchcraft reached a high point from 1560 to 1630, during the Counter-Reformation and the European wars of religion. Among the lower classes, accusations of witchcraft were usually made by neighbors, and women and men made formal accusations of witchcraft. Magical healers or 'cunning folk' were sometimes prosecuted for witchcraft, but seem to have made up a minority of the accused. Roughly 80% of those convicted were women, most of them over the age of 40. In some regions, convicted witches were burnt at the stake, the traditional punishment for religious heresy.
2014 Utah Attorney General special election
The 2014 Utah Attorney General special election was held on November 4, 2014. Attorney General John Swallow resigned after investigations into improprieties, and Governor Gary Herbert appointed Sean Reyes to replace him. Reyes defeated Democratic nominee Charles Stormont in a landslide. Stormont was the first Democratic candidate since 2004 to win multiple counties, carrying Summit and Grand counties.

2004 Utah Attorney General election
The 2004 Utah Attorney General election was held on November 5, 2004. Republican Mark Shurtleff, a member of the Salt Lake County Commission, was elected to his second term in office, defeating Greg Skordas in a landslide.
Francesca Hawkins
Francesca Hawkins is a television news presenter and public relations specialist in Trinidad and Tobago. She is a frontline presenter for CNC3 Television. She is the current president of the Media Association of Trinidad and Tobago.

CNC3
CNC3 Television (CNC3)  is a television station privately owned by Guardian Media Limited serving Trinidad and Tobago. It broadcasts over-the-air on channels 12 and 14 and is seen throughout the FLOW cable system on channel 3 (DVS) or 103 (AVS). CNC3's studios are located at the Trinidad Guardian building located on 22–24 St. Vincent Street, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. It is both a local broadcast partner and affiliate of Al Jazeera and CNN International running simulcasts of both stations throughout the day.
Toyozakura Toshiaki
Toyozakura Toshiaki (born March 12, 1974, as Toshiaki Mukō) is a former sumo wrestler from Hiroshima, Japan. He made his debut in 1989, and after many years in the lower ranks he reached the top division for the first time in 2003. His highest rank was maegashira 5. He was a runner-up in one tournament and earned one special prize for Fighting Spirit. He is the younger brother of Kitazakura. He was forced to retire in April 2011 after an investigation by the Japan Sumo Association found him guilty of match-fixing.

Sanshō (sumo)
Sanshō (三賞; lit: three prizes) are the three special prizes awarded to top (Makuuchi) division sumo wrestlers for exceptional performance during a sumo honbasho or tournament. The prizes were first awarded in November 1947.
Quercus infectoria
Quercus infectoria or the Aleppo oak is a species of oak well known for producing galls (called manjakani in Malaysia, majuphal in India) that have been traditionally used for centuries in Asia medicinally while also used in softening leather and in making black dye and ink.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
Małgorzata Rosiak
Małgorzata Rosiak-Brawańska (born 8 September 1977) is a Polish former snowboarder. She competed in the women's giant slalom event at the 1998 Winter Olympics. She was a medalist at the Junior World Championships, the World Championships and the European Championships and won 20 medals at the national championships, including 14 gold.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Friend, Our Legend
Friend, Our Legend (Korean: 친구, 우리들의 전설; RR: Chingu, urideurui jeonseol) is a 2009 South Korean television series starring Hyun Bin, Kim Min-jun, Seo Do-young, Lee Si-eon and Wang Ji-hye. It aired on MBC from June 27 to August 30, 2009 on Saturdays and Sundays at 22:40 (KST) for 20 episodes.

It is a remake / TV adaptation of Kwak Kyung-taek's own 2001 box-office hit film Friend. Partnering up with another director and two scriptwriters, Kwak returned to the classic tale of male bonding, adding "more meat", in his words, to the original plot by writing a new character and more in-depth exploration of certain characters' lives, including their romances. Like the original film, the series was shot entirely in Busan. To maintain quality, it was 100% pre-produced before airing, a rarity among Korean dramas.

Friend (2001 film)
Friend (Korean: 친구) is a 2001 South Korean neo-noir action film written and directed by Kwak Kyung-taek. Upon its release, it became the highest-grossing South Korean movie up to that time. Its record was surpassed in 2003 by Silmido.

This film is the director's experiences with his friends, a semi-autobiography set in his hometown, Busan, and the actors speak with a strongly accented Busan dialect. The film changed the public images of Jang Dong-gun and Yu Oh-seong; previously, Jang had been famous for romantic comedies and Yu had appeared in movies with mostly cult interest.
Arsenio Comamala
Arsenio Comamala López-Del Pan (1891 – 1976) was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder for FC Barcelona and Madrid FC. He is best known for being one of the first players to have featured for both FC Barcelona to Madrid FC.

His brothers Carles and Áureo were also footballers, who both also played for Barcelona.

Francisco Bru
Francisco Bru Sanz (12 April 1885 – 10 June 1962), also known as Paco Bru, was a Spanish football player, referee and manager. As a footballer he played as a striker and midfielder for FC Internacional and as a defender for FC Barcelona, RCD Español and the Catalan XI. After retiring as a player, Bru became a referee and took charge of the 1916 and 1917 Copa del Rey finals. He later became the first ever manager of Spain, guiding them to the silver medal at the  1920 Olympic Games. As a manager with Real Madrid, then known as  Madrid CF, he won the Copa de España twice during the 1930s.
Shunno
Shunno is a Bangladeshi Alternative rock band formed in 2007 in Dhaka by Imrul Karim Emil and Shaker Raza.  They are considered one of the most popular bands in Bangladesh, known for their blend of alternative rock, pop rock, pop, and soft rock. Shunno has received several awards, including the Meril-Prothom Alo Award for Best Band of the Year in 2008 and Citycell-Channel i Music Awards in 2009 and 2011. They have also been frequent performers at the popular Joy Bangla Concert.

Meril-Prothom Alo Awards
The Meril-Prothom Alo Awards, or simply Prothom Alo Awards, is an annual Bangladeshi awards ceremony honouring cinematic achievements in Bangladeshi Film Industry. The awards are divided into two components, Viewers' Choice and Critics' Choice. The awards were first presented in 1998 and since then the awards are given every year at the Bangladesh China Friendship Conference Center.

Meril-Prothom Alo Awards receive the highest number of viewers among Bangladesh's awards ceremonies. The awards are considered Bangladeshi equivalent to The Oscars.
Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Princess Ernestine Auguste Sophie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (4 January 1740, in Weimar – 10 June 1786, in Hildburghausen) was a princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen.

Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (German: Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) was a German state, created as a duchy in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach, which had been in personal union since 1741. It was raised to a grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Congress of Vienna. In 1903, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony (German: Großherzogtum Sachsen), but this name was rarely used. The grand duchy came to an end in the German Revolution of 1918–19 with the other monarchies of the German Empire. It was succeeded by the Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, which was merged into the new State of Thuringia two years later.

The full grand ducal style was Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg, Lord of Blankenhayn, Neustadt and Tautenburg.

The Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach branch has been the most genealogically senior extant branch of the House of Wettin since 1672.
Wishing (Martine McCutcheon album)
Wishing is the second solo album by English actress-singer Martine McCutcheon. It was released by Innocent Records on 13 November 2000 in the United Kingdom. The album peaked at number 25 on the UK Albums Chart.

You Me & Us
You Me & Us is the debut album by English pop singer and actress Martine McCutcheon. It was released by Innocent Records on 6 September 1999. The album peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and reached platinum in the United Kingdom.
Anna Lakrini
Annalena "Anna" Valencia Lakrini (Tagalog: [ˈʔana lɐkˈɾinɪ]; born 5 November 1997) is a Filipino-German  beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Supranational Germany 2025 and Binibining Pilipinas Globe 2023. She represented the Philippines at The Miss Globe 2023 competition and was second runner-up. She represented Germany at Miss Supranational 2025 and finished as first runner up.

Miss Supranational 2025
Miss Supranational 2025 was the 16th edition of the Miss Supranational pageant, held at the Strzelecki Park Amphitheater in Nowy Sącz, Poland, on 27 June 2025.

Harashta Haifa Zahra of Indonesia crowned Eduarda Braum of Brazil as her successor at the end of the event. This is Brazil's first title in the pageant's history.