hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
California Military Department
The California Military Department is an agency defined under the California Military and Veterans Code § 50. It includes the California National Guard (Army and Air), California State Guard, and the Youth and Community Programs.

The California Military Department and the California National Guard are sometimes referred to interchangeably.

California Air National Guard
The California Air National Guard (CA ANG) is one of three components of the California National Guard, a reserve of the United States Air Force, and part of the National Guard of the United States.

As militia units, the units in the California Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the governor of California through the office of the California Adjutant General unless they are federalized when ordered by the President of the United States. The California National Guard has multiple bases located across the state and the military commander is Brigadier General Michael Johnson.
Harry Hastings
Harry Hastings (c. 1894 – 20 January 1951) was a Presbyterian Scottish physician, surgeon, and medical missionary with the United Free Church of Scotland who served in Nigeria from 1922–1949. Hastings worked primarily at the Uburu Hospital but also in the village of Itu, both in Ogoja Province in Nigeria. Hastings was assisted by his wife, described as a "practical nurse", who accompanied him on his missions to Africa from 1922–1949 and shared responsibility with him in developing clinics to treat leprosy. He also worked with fellow physicians R.M. Macdonald of Scotland and Akanu Ibiam of Nigeria during his time in Uburu. He is known for developing Nigerian staff to run health services without additional foreign missionaries.

Akanu Ibiam
Sir Akanu Ibiam KCMG KBE (29 November 1906 - 1 July 1995), was a distinguished medical missionary who was appointed Governor of Eastern Region, Nigeria from December 1960 until January 1966 during the Nigerian First Republic.
From 1919 to 1951, he was known as Francis Ibiam, and from 1951 to 1967, Sir Francis Ibiam. After this time, he dropped his title and his forename and was known as simply Akanu Ibiam although the honours he reportedly returned were not  annulled by the British government.
Vodootvodny Canal
Vodootvodny Canal (Russian: Водоотводный канал, "water bypass canal") is a 4 kilometre long, 30-60 metre wide canal in downtown Moscow, Russia. It was built in the 1780s on the old riverbed of the Moskva River to control floods and support shipping. Canal construction created an island between the Moskva River and the canal. The island acquired its present shape in 1938 with the completion of Moscow Canal megaproject. The canal is spanned by ten bridges; the eleventh is now under construction.

Moscow Canal
The Moscow Canal (Russian: Кана́л и́мени Москвы́), named the Moskva–Volga Canal until 1947, is a canal in Russia that connects the Moskva (river) with the Volga.  It is located in Moscow itself and in the Moscow Oblast. The canal connects to the Moskva River in Tushino (an area in the north-west of Moscow), from which it runs approximately north to meet the Volga River in the town of Dubna, just upstream of the dam of the Ivankovo Reservoir. The length of the canal is 128.1 kilometres (79.6 mi).

It was constructed between 1932 and 1937 by 200,000 gulag prisoners, under direction of the Soviet secret police and Matvei Berman.
Languages of Turkey
The languages of Turkey, apart from the official language Turkish, include the widespread Kurdish, and a number of less common minority languages. Four minority languages are officially recognized in the Republic of Turkey by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne and the Turkey-Bulgaria Friendship Treaty (Türkiye ve Bulgaristan Arasındaki Dostluk Antlaşması) of 18 October 1925: Armenian, Bulgarian, Greek, and Hebrew. In 2013, the Ankara 13th Circuit Administrative Court ruled that the minority provisions of the Lausanne Treaty should also apply to Assyrians in Turkey and the Syriac language.

Kurmanji
Kurmanji (Kurdish: کورمانجی, romanized: Kurmancî, lit. 'Kurdish', pronunciationⓘ), also termed Northern Kurdish, is the northernmost of the Kurdish languages, spoken predominantly in southeast Turkey, northwest and northeast Iran, northern Iraq, northern Syria and the Caucasus and Khorasan regions. It is the most widely spoken form of Kurdish.

Kurmanji is also the common and ceremonial language of Yazidis. Their sacred book Mishefa Reş and all prayers are written and spoken in Kurmanji.

Ethnologue reports that the use of Kurmanji is declining in Turkey even when the language is used as a language of wider communication (LWC) by immigrants to Turkey, and that the language is threatened because it is losing speakers.
Radioactive nanoparticle
A radioactive nanoparticle is a nanoparticle that contains radioactive materials.  Radioactive nanoparticles have applications in medical diagnostics, medical imaging, toxicokinetics, and environmental health, and are being investigated for applications in nuclear nanomedicine.  Radioactive nanoparticles present special challenges in operational health physics and internal dosimetry that are not present for other substances, although existing radiation protection measures and hazard controls for nanoparticles generally apply.

Nuclear medicine
Nuclear medicine (nuclear radiology) is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nuclear imaging is, in a sense, radiology done inside out, because it records radiation emitted from within the body rather than radiation that is transmitted through the body from external sources like X-ray generators. In addition, nuclear medicine scans differ from radiology, as the emphasis is not on imaging anatomy, but on the function. For this reason, it is called a physiological imaging modality. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans are the two most common imaging modalities in nuclear medicine.
Psaphis
Psaphis (Ancient Greek: Ψαφίς) was originally a town of the Oropia, but subsequently a deme of ancient Attica. It lay between Oropus and Brauron, and was the last demus in the north-eastern district of Attica.

The site of Psaphis is tentatively located at Revithia or Limnionas.

Oropus
Oropus or Oropos (Ancient Greek: ὁ Ὠρωπός, or rarely ἡ Ὠρωπός) was a town on the borders of ancient Attica and Boeotia, and the capital of a district, called after it Oropia (ἡ Ὠρωπία.) This district is a maritime plain, through which the Asopus flows into the sea, and extends for 5 miles (8.0 km) along the shore. It is separated from the inland plain of Tanagra by some hills, which are a continuation of the principal chain of the Diacrian mountains.
Pandas (software)
Pandas (styled as pandas) is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis. In particular, it offers data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series. It is free software released under the three-clause BSD license. The name is derived from the term "panel data", an econometrics term for data sets that include observations over multiple time periods for the same individuals, as well as a play on the phrase "Python data analysis".: 5  Wes McKinney started building what would become Pandas at AQR Capital while he was a researcher there from 2007 to 2010.

The development of Pandas introduced into Python many comparable features of working with DataFrames that were established in the R programming language. The library is built upon another library, NumPy.

NumPy
NumPy (pronounced /ˈnʌmpaɪ/ NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. The predecessor of NumPy, Numeric, was originally created by Jim Hugunin with contributions from several other developers. In 2005, Travis Oliphant created NumPy by incorporating features of the competing Numarray into Numeric, with extensive modifications. NumPy is open-source software and has many contributors. NumPy is fiscally sponsored by NumFOCUS.
Luis Contigiani
Luis Gustavo Contigiani (born 21 January 1972) is an Argentine politician who was a National Deputy elected in Santa Fe Province. Politically not affiliated to any party, Contigiani was elected on the Progressive, Civic and Social Front list in 2017, and for a time was the sole representative of the Socialist Party (PS) in the National Congress. The PS barred Contigiani from continuing to be the party's representative due to his opposition to the legalization of abortion in 2018.

Contigiani previously served as Minister of Production of Santa Fe from 2015 to 2017, during the governorship of Miguel Lifschitz, and as Secretary of Agriculture and Livestock of Santa Fe from 2011 to 2015, during the governorship of Antonio Bonfatti.

Miguel Lifschitz
Roberto Miguel Lifschitz (13 September 1955 – 9 May 2021) was an Argentine politician and civil engineer of the Socialist Party who was Governor of Santa Fe Province from 2015 to 2019. Prior to that, he was intendente (mayor) of Rosario, the largest city in the province and the third largest in Argentina, from 2003 to 2011. He also served as Provincial Senator of Santa Fe from 2011 to 2015. He last served as President of the Chamber of Deputies of Santa Fe, a position he held from 2019 until his death in 2021.
Lyndon, Vermont
Lyndon is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,491. Lyndon is the home of one of the campuses of Vermont State University. The town contains five unincorporated villages, Lyndonville just east of the geographic center of town, Lyndon Corner in the south, Lyndon Center in the center of town on the west side of Lyndonville, Little Egypt in the north, and East Lyndon in the southeast.

Lyndon is the second-most populous town in the Northeast Kingdom; only neighboring St. Johnsbury is larger. It was also the fastest growing town in Vermont with a population over 5,000, growing 9.8% in the decade preceding the 2010 census.

St. Johnsbury, Vermont
St. Johnsbury (known locally as "St. J") is the shire town (county seat) of Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,364. St. Johnsbury is situated on the Passumpsic River and is located approximately six miles northwest of the Connecticut River and 48 miles (77 km) south of the Canada–U.S. border.

St. Johnsbury is the largest town by population in the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont and has long served as a commercial center for the region. The more densely settled southern one-third of the town is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the St. Johnsbury census-designated place, where over 81% of the population resides.
Otis Keilholtz
Otis Keilholtz (February 8, 1838 – September 13, 1883) was an American politician. He served in the Baltimore City Council in the 1870s and served as ex-officio Mayor of Baltimore when Mayor George P. Kane was sick and after he died in office in 1878. Keilholtz served in the Maryland House of Delegates and as Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1882.

George Proctor Kane
George Proctor Kane (August 4, 1817 – June 23, 1878) was an American politician and policeman. He is best known for his role as Marshal of Police during the Baltimore riot of 1861 and his subsequent imprisonment at Fort McHenry and Fort Warren without the benefit of habeas corpus. His position as Marshal of Police and his southern sympathies were two of many factors in Abraham Lincoln's decision in February 1861 to pass through Baltimore surreptitiously on his way to Washington to be inaugurated, in order to avoid  a possible assassination attempt. Despite his politics, Kane was instrumental in providing protection and an escort for Mary Todd Lincoln on her arrival in Baltimore in February 1861 on her way to the inauguration of her husband, who had preceded her.
Vyshnivchyk
Vyshnivchyk (Ukrainian: Вишнівчик, also Vyshnivchyky, Polish: Wiśniowczyk) is a village in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. Vyshnivchyk belongs to Zolotnyky rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.  Located on the western bank of the Strypa river. It neighbours the village of Zarvanytsia. Its existence was first mentioned in writings in 1564.

The village of Vyshnivchyk was part of Austrian Empire (until 1918), then again part of Poland (1918–1939), the Soviet Union (1944–1991) and since August 23, 1991 part of independent Ukraine.

It contains a school to which children from four surrounding villages (Haevuronka, Zarvanytsia, Kutoziv and Sapuva) come to get knowledge, together with the children from Vyshnivchik.

Zarvanytsia
Zarvanytsia (Ukrainian: Зарваниця) is a small village in the Eparchy of Ternopil-Zboriv. It has just over 300 citizens and is located in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine, about 20 km (12 mi) SW from Terebovlia, 22 km (14 mi) N of Buchach and 18 km (11 mi) SE of Pidhaitsi, within an oxbow loop of the Strypa River. Zarvanytsia belongs to Zolotnyky rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village is known for its icon of the Mother of God, reputed to work miracles, and is a popular site of pilgrimage, attracting Ukrainians both from the country as well as the diaspora scattered around the world.
Tuber cinereum
The tuber cinereum is the portion of hypothalamus forming the floor of the third ventricle situated between the optic chiasm, and the mammillary bodies. The tuberal region is one of the three regions of the hypothalamus, the other two being the chiasmatic region and the mamillary region.

Mammillary body
The mammillary bodies also mamillary bodies, are a pair of small round brainstem nuclei. They are located on the undersurface of the brain that, as part of the diencephalon, form part of the limbic system.  They are located at the ends of the anterior arches of the fornix.  They consist of two groups of nuclei, the medial mammillary nuclei and the lateral mammillary nuclei.

Neuroanatomists have often categorized the mammillary bodies as part of the posterior part of hypothalamus.
Gerald Ward (biker)
Gerald "Skinny" Ward is a Canadian outlaw biker and gangster who served as president of the Niagara County chapter of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club and as one of the co-leaders of the Hells Angels in Canada.

Hells Angels
The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club founded in California whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson motorcycles. In the United States and Canada, the Hells Angels are incorporated as the Hells Angels Motorcycle Corporation. Common nicknames for the club are the "H.A.", "Red & White", and "81". With a membership of over 6,000, and 592 charters in 66 countries, the HAMC is the largest outlaw biker club in the world.

The Hells Angels have a history of involvement in organized crime, such as drug trafficking, and engaging in violent conflict with other outlaw motorcycle clubs. Involvement in organized crime and violence has historically extended to the organization's most senior leadership. Many police and international intelligence agencies, including the United States Department of Justice, the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, the Australian Federal Police, and Europol, consider the club an organized crime syndicate.
Semaphore (software)
Semaphore is a hosted continuous integration and deployment service used for testing and deploying software projects hosted on GitHub and BitBucket.

While open source projects can use Semaphore for free in its full capacity, free use for private projects is limited to 100 builds per month (Semaphore Classic) or $20 of service every month (Semaphore 2.0).

One of Semaphore’s features is native Docker support, which enables testing and deploying Docker-based applications. Semaphore also offers Boosters, a feature that reduces the duration of running a test suite to that of the longest test through automatic parallelization of builds for Ruby projects.

Continuous integration
Continuous integration (CI) is the practice of integrating source code changes frequently and ensuring that the integrated codebase is in a workable state. Typically, developers merge changes to an integration branch, and an automated system builds and tests the software system. 
Often, the automated process runs on each commit or runs on a schedule such as once a day. Grady Booch first proposed the term CI in 1991, although he did not advocate integrating multiple times a day, but later, CI came to include that aspect.
Confucian Shinto
Confucian Shinto, also known as Juka Shintō (儒家神道) in Japanese, is a syncretic religious tradition that combines elements of Confucianism and Shinto. It originated in Japan during the Edo period (1603–1868), and is sometimes referred to as "Neo-Confucian Shinto."

Modern organizations include Shinto Taiseikyo, Shinto Shusei,  and Tsuchimikado Shinto. Suika Shinto was a major school of Confucian Shinto.

Yamazaki Ansai
Yamazaki Ansai (山崎 闇斎; Japanese pronunciation: [ja.maꜜ.(d)za.kʲi | aꜜɰ̃.sai], January 24, 1619 – September 16, 1682) was a Japanese philosopher and scholar.  He began his career as a Buddhist monk, but eventually came to follow the teachings of Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi.  He combined Neo-Confucian ideas with Shinto to create Suika Shinto.
Paul Boutin (sound engineer)
Paul Boutin is a French-born American music mixer, audio engineer and a long-time collaborator with producer/songwriter/artist Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds.

Over the last 20 years, Paul Boutin contributed to more than 60 gold or platinum records as engineer/mixer of songs performed by famous artists such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Barbra Streisand, Stevie Wonder, Celine Dion, John Legend, Aretha Franklin, Mariah Carey, Phil Collins, Janet Jackson, John Mellencamp, Lionel Richie, Toni Braxton, Alicia Keys, Usher, Pink, Jamie Foxx, Ariana Grande, TLC, Boyz II Men and Fall Out Boy among others.

As engineer, Paul Boutin won a Grammy Award in 2015  for recording and mixing Love, Marriage & Divorce by Toni Braxton & Babyface (Best R&B Album). His work is also credited on several other Grammy nominated albums and singles since 1995 including two personal nominations in 1999 and 2018.

Babyface (musician)
Kenneth Brian Edmonds (born April 10, 1959), known professionally as Babyface, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He has written and produced 26 number-one R&B hit songs and 
won 13 Grammy Awards. He was ranked number 20 on NME's 50 of The Greatest Producers Ever list.
Battle of Ulcinj (1880)
The Battle of Ulcinj took place between the Ottoman forces of Dervish Pasha and Albanian irregulars in the year of 1880 at the region of Kodre, close to Gornja Klezna. The area of Plav and Gusinje had been ceded to the Principality of Montenegro, according to the decisions of the Treaty of Berlin (1878), but the Albanians fought against the annexation. The Great Powers then persuaded the Ottomans to cede the area of Ulcinj, to Montenegro as compensation for Montenegro's losses in the Battles for Plav and Gusinje, but the Albanian population of Ulcinj resisted joining Montenegro. Eventually, the Great Powers commanded the Ottomans to take actions against the League of Prizren, ending the resistance and successfully handing over the town of Ulcinj to Montenegro.

Battles for Plav and Gusinje
The Battles for Plav and Gusinje were armed conflicts between the Principality of Montenegro and the League of Prizren (supported by the Ottoman Empire) that broke out following the decision of the Congress of Berlin (1878) that the territories of Plav and Gusinje (part of former Scutari Vilayet) be ceded to Montenegro. The conflicts took place in this territory between 9 October 1879 and 8 January 1880. The following battles were fought:

Velika attacks (9 October – 22 November 1879), Montenegrin victory in the first attack, Albanian victory in the second attack

Battle of Novšiće (4 December 1879), Albanian victory

Battle of Murino (8 January 1880), both sides claim victory

Battle at the Ržanica Bridge (22 April 1880), Albanian Victory
Bethayres, Pennsylvania
Bethayres is an unincorporated community in Lower Moreland Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is named for Elizabeth Ayres, who lived at 2410 Huntingdon Pike, in a house now owned by Huntingdon Valley Presbyterian Church. As an unincorporated place, it is served by the Huntingdon Valley post office; for this reason, it is often said to be a section of Huntingdon Valley.

Bethayres has a station on the SEPTA West Trenton Regional Rail line, providing access to Philadelphia and New Jersey.

Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania
Huntingdon Valley is a village, as well as a suburban mailing address located in Lower Moreland Township, Upper Moreland Township and Abington Township all in Montgomery County, and in small sections of Upper Southampton Township and Lower Southampton Township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States, bordering the Fox Chase, Bustleton, and Somerton sections of Philadelphia.
Streets (London) Act 1766
The Streets (London) Act 1766 was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain extended previous road repair and maintenance acts, including the Kensington, Chelsea and Fulham Roads (Tolls) Act 1725 (12 Geo. 1. c. 37) and Kensington, Chelsea and Fulham Roads (Toll Continuance) Act 1740 (14 Geo. 2. c. 16), to cover the roads Clarges Street to Hyde Park Corner and from Park Lane to Hertford Street, under the management of the Commissioners responsible for paving, cleaning, and lighting Westminster.

Kensington, Chelsea and Fulham Roads (Tolls) Act 1725
The Kensington, Chelsea and Fulham Roads (Tolls) Act 1725 (12 Geo. 1. c. 37) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain authorising the charging of tolls at turnpikes along specified roads in the parishes of Kensington, Chelsea and Fulham in the county of Middlesex.

The toll granted by the act took place on 1 June 1726 for a term of 21 years, with authority to charge tolls to expire no later than 31 May 1747. The toll was extended for 21 years by the Kensington, Chelsea and Fulham Roads (Toll Continuance) Act 1740 (14 Geo. 2. c. 16).

The act became obsolete in 1747 and was repealed by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2013 which had been recommended by the Law Commission.
79th Street (Manhattan)
79th Street is a major two-way street on the Upper East Side and Upper West Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs in two major sections: between East End and Fifth Avenues on the Upper East Side, and between Columbus Avenue and Henry Hudson Parkway on the Upper West Side. The two segments are connected by the 79th Street transverse across Central Park, as well as one block of 81st Street.

On the West Side, the street is entirely within the boundaries of ZIP Code 10024; on the East Side, the street is part of ZIP Code 10075.

Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)
Ninth Avenue, known as Columbus Avenue between West 59th and 110th Streets, is a thoroughfare on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City, New York. Traffic runs downtown (southbound) from the Upper West Side to Chelsea. Two short sections of Ninth Avenue also exist in the Inwood neighborhood, carrying two-way traffic.
Flag of Mecklenburg
The flag that serves as the symbol of the historical and geographical region of the Mecklenburg is divided horizontally into two stripes: light blue on the top and white on the bottom. It originated as the flag of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, adopted in 1813. Since 1996, it is officially recognized as the symbol of the historical region of Mecklenburg within Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Großherzogtum Mecklenburg-Schwerin) was a territory in Northern Germany held by the House of Mecklenburg residing at Schwerin. It was a sovereign member state of the German Confederation and became a federated state of the North German Confederation and finally of the German Empire in 1871.