hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Witch post
A witch post is a local superstition where the cross of St Andrew (a saltire) is used as a hex sign on the fireplaces in Northern England, in Yorkshire and Lancashire, in order to prevent witches from flying down the chimney and entering the house to do mischief. By placing the St Andrew's cross on one of the fireplace posts or lintels, witches are thought to be prevented from entering through this opening. In this case, it is similar to the use of a witch ball, although the cross is supposed to actively prevent witches from entering, and the witch ball is supposed to passively delay or entice the witch, and perhaps entrap it.

Saltire
A saltire, also called Saint Andrew's Cross or the crux decussata, is a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross. The word comes from the Middle French sautoir, Medieval Latin saltatoria ("stirrup").

From its use as field sign, the saltire came to be used in a number of flags, in the 16th century for Scotland and Burgundy, in the 18th century also as the ensign of the Russian Navy, and for Ireland. Notable 19th-century usage includes some of the flags of the Confederate States of America. It is also used in the flag of Jamaica and on seals, and as a heraldic charge in coats of arms.

The term saltirewise or in saltire refers to heraldic charges arranged as a diagonal cross. The shield may also be divided per saltire, i.e. diagonally.

A warning sign in the shape of a saltire is also used to indicate the point at which a railway line intersects a road at a level crossing.
Wage and Hour Division
The Wage and Hour Division (WHD) of the United States Department of Labor is the federal office responsible for enforcing federal labor laws. The Division was formed with the enactment of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The Wage and Hour mission is to promote and achieve compliance with labor standards to protect and enhance the welfare of the Nation's workforce. WHD protects over 144 million workers in more than 9.8 million establishments throughout the United States and its territories. The Wage and Hour Division enforces over 13 laws, most notably the Fair Labor Standards Act and the Family Medical Leave Act. In FY18, WHD recovered $304,000,000 in back wages for over 240,000 workers and followed up FY19, with a record-breaking $322,000,000 for over 300,000 workers.

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 29 U.S.C. § 203 (FLSA) is a United States labor law that creates the right to a minimum wage, and "time-and-a-half" overtime pay when people work over forty hours a week. It also prohibits employment of minors in "oppressive child labor". It applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, unless the employer can claim an exemption from coverage. The Act was enacted by the 75th Congress and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938.
P. K. Radhamani
P. K. Radhamani is an Indian translator from Kerala. She has translated several works from Hindi to Malayalam and from Malayalam to Hindi. For the translation of Hindi writer Amrita Pritam's autobiography Aksharon Ke Saye into Malayalam as Aksharangalute Nizhalil, she won the Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize for Malayalam for the year 2023.

Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize
Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize or Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation is a literary honour in India, presented by Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, given to "outstanding translations of creative and critical works" in 24 major Indian languages such as English, Rajasthani and the 22 listed languages in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution recognised by the Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi.

The award, established in 1989, comprises a plaque and a cash prize of ₹ 50,000. Krishnamohan was the youngest translator to win the prize aged 32 in Hindi and Kalachand Shastri is the oldest to win the prize aged 89 in Manipuri.
Decrepit car
A decrepit car is an automobile that is often old and damaged and is in a barely functional state. There are many slang terms used to describe such cars, such as beater, bomb, clunker, chod, flivver, hooptie/hoopty, jalopy, lemon, old banger (most commonly used in the UK), shitbox, or junk car.

Age, neglect, and damage tend to increase the expense of maintaining a vehicle. The vehicle may reach a point where this expense would be considered to outweigh the value of keeping it. Such vehicles are generally stripped for parts or abandoned. However, abandoning a vehicle on the road as a parked car is illegal in many jurisdictions and if a vehicle remains parked, the local authority commonly tows it to the scrapyard. Some owners choose to keep the vehicle. These old, neglected, and oftentimes barely functional cars have been used not only for transport, but also as racing vehicles. Their use has earned them a place in popular culture.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
Near v. Minnesota
Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697 (1931), is a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court under which prior restraint on publication was found to violate freedom of the press as protected under the First Amendment. This principle was applied to free speech generally in subsequent jurisprudence. The Court ruled that a Minnesota law that targeted publishers of "malicious" or "scandalous" newspapers violated the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (as applied through the Fourteenth Amendment). Legal scholar and columnist Anthony Lewis called Near the Court's "first great press case".

It was later a key precedent in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), in which the Court ruled against the Nixon administration's attempt to enjoin publication of the Pentagon Papers.

Anthony Lewis
Joseph Anthony Lewis (March 27, 1927 – March 25, 2013) was an American public intellectual and journalist.  He was a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize and was a columnist for The New York Times. He is credited with creating the field of legal journalism in the United States.

Early in Lewis' career as a legal journalist, Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter told an editor of The New York Times: "I can't believe what this young man achieved. There are not two justices of this court who have such a grasp of these cases." At his death, Nicholas B. Lemann, the dean of Columbia University School of Journalism, said: "At a liberal moment in American history, he was one of the defining liberal voices."
Mount Sonder
Mount Sonder, or Rwetyepme, its Aboriginal name, is the fourth highest mountain in the Northern Territory, Australia at 1,380 metres (4,530 ft) AHD. Mount Zeil is the highest at 1,531 metres (5,023 ft), 27 kilometres (17 mi) to the west.

Mount Zeil
Mount Zeil (Western Arrernte: Urlatherrke) (1,531 m or 5,023 ft) is a mountain in the Northern Territory of Australia located in the locality of Mount Zeil  in the western MacDonnell Ranges.  It is the highest peak in the Northern Territory, and the highest peak on the Australian mainland west of the Great Dividing Range.
Kiss (comics)
Comic books have been an integral and popular part of the American rock group Kiss' merchandising since 1977, beginning with their appearance in Marvel Comics' Howard the Duck #12. Over their career of nearly four decades, Kiss has licensed their name to "more than 3,000 product(s) . . . to become nearly a one-billion-dollar brand."

Licensed Kiss stories and adventures have been published by Marvel Comics, Image Comics, Dark Horse Comics, Platinum Studios, Archie Comics, and IDW Publishing; unlicensed stories have been published by Revolutionary Comics, among others. Ironically, according to frontman Gene Simmons, all the band members except himself "hate comic books."

Revolutionary Comics
Revolutionary Comics was an American comic book publisher specializing in unauthorized profiles of entertainers and professional athletes, as well as a line of erotic comics. Its flagship series was Rock 'N' Roll Comics. Founded by Todd Loren, Revolutionary Comics was based in San Diego.
Deadly Harvest (1977 film)
Deadly Harvest is a 1977 Canadian science-fiction "eco-thriller" film directed by Timothy Bond, about a farmer (Clint Walker) who struggles to keep food on the table and regain his son from a gang of marauding city-folk during a terrible worldwide famine, brought on by global cooling due to, among other named causes in a voice-over, overpopulation, urban sprawl, the energy crisis, pollution, and the high cost of transporting grain. The film was produced by Anthony Kramreither and Len Herberman, with a screenplay by Martin Lager, and features an score by John Mills-Cockell. The film is notable as Timothy Bond's first film, and as an early example of survivalism in film, having been compared to No Blade of Grass.

Timothy Bond
Timothy Bond (born 1942) is a Canadian director and screenwriter. He normally does television, but has done films as well. He has done episodes of Due South, The New Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Star Trek: The Next Generation, Sliders and others.
Residencia de Suárez
The Suárez and Reyes Presidential Residence (Spanish: Residencia Presidencial de Suárez y Reyes), also known as Suárez Residence (Spanish: Residencia de Suárez), is the official residence of the president of Uruguay. Located in the Prado neighborhood of Montevideo, it is named after the intersection of Joaquín Suárez and 19 de Abril avenues, where Reyes Street begins.

Built in the early 20th century, it has served as the residence of Uruguayan presidents since 1947. While it is the official residence, the president's office and seat of government is the Executive Tower, located across from Plaza Independencia.

Prado, Montevideo
Prado is a barrio (neighbourhood or district) in Montevideo, Uruguay. Located in the central-western part of the city and crossed by the Miguelete Creek, it is a residential neighborhood known for its mansions and palatial homes built between the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Administratively divided between Municipalities A and C of the Montevideo Department, its geographical center is the park from which it takes its name. It borders Capurro to the southwest, La Teja to the west, Belvedere to the northwest, Paso de las Duranas to the north, Aires Puros to the northeast and Atahualpa to the east and Bella Vista to the south.
Namaqua slender mongoose
The Namaqua slender mongoose (Herpestes sanguineus swalius), also known as the Namibian slender mongoose, is a subspecies of the common slender mongoose that is endemic to Namibia. It was originally considered separate from the common slender mongoose and thought to be a distinct species. However, further analysis found that the characteristics were not distinguishable as a separate species, and it was classified as a sub-species of the common slender mongoose.

Common slender mongoose
The common slender mongoose (Herpestes sanguineus), also known as the black-tipped mongoose, the black-tailed mongoose, or just the slender mongoose is a very common mongoose species native to sub-Saharan Africa.
Ecohydrology
Ecohydrology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; ὕδωρ, hydōr, "water"; and -λογία, -logia) is an interdisciplinary scientific field studying the interactions between water and ecological systems. It is considered a sub discipline of hydrology, with an ecological focus. These interactions may take place within water bodies, such as rivers and lakes, or on land, in forests, deserts, and other terrestrial ecosystems.  Areas of research in ecohydrology include transpiration and plant water use, adaption of organisms to their water environment, influence of vegetation and benthic plants on stream flow and function, and feedbacks between ecological processes, the soil carbon sponge and the hydrological cycle.

Transpiration
Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem.

The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem.

Water moves from the xylem into the mesophyll cells, evaporates from their surfaces and leaves the plant by diffusion through the stomata

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. It is a passive process that requires no energy expense by the plant. Transpiration also cools plants, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients. When water uptake by the roots is less than the water lost to the atmosphere by evaporation, plants close small pores called stomata to decrease water loss, which slows down nutrient uptake and decreases CO2 absorption from the atmosphere limiting metabolic processes, photosynthesis, and growth.
Kopay Electoral District
Kopay Electoral District was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Kopay in Jaffna District, Northern Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Kopay electoral district was replaced by the Jaffna multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the PR system, though Kopay continues to be a polling division of the multi-member electoral district.

Constitution of Sri Lanka
The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā āndukrama vyavasthāva, Tamil: இலங்கைச் சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசின் அரசமைப்பு, romanized: Ilaṅkaic caṉanāyaka cōcalicak kuṭiyaraciṉ aracamaippu) has been the constitution of the island nation of Sri Lanka since its original promulgation by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. As of October 2022 it has been formally amended 21 times.

It is Sri Lanka's second republican constitution, replacing the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972, its third constitution since the country gained  independence within the British Commonwealth as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, and its fourth constitution overall.
Tridacna squamosa
Tridacna squamosa, known commonly as the fluted giant clam and scaly clam, is a species of bivalve in the family Cardiidae.

It is one of a number of large clam species native to the shallow coral reefs of the South Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is distinguished by the large, leaf-like fluted edges on its shell called 'scutes' and a byssal opening that is small compared to those of other members of the subfamily Tridacninae. Normal coloration of the mantle ranges from browns and purples to greens and yellows arranged in elongated linear or spot-like patterns. Tridacna squamosa grows to 40 centimetres (16 in) across.

Sessile in adulthood, the clam's mantle tissues act as a habitat for the symbiotic single-celled dinoflagellate algae (zooxanthellae) from which it gets a major portion of its nutrition. By day, the clam spreads out its mantle tissue so that the algae receive the sunlight they need to photosynthesize.

Mantle (mollusc)
The mantle (also known by the Latin word pallium meaning mantle, robe or cloak, adjective pallial) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself.

In many species of molluscs the epidermis of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin, and creates a shell. In sea slugs there is a progressive loss of the shell and the mantle becomes the dorsal surface of the animal.

The words mantle and pallium both originally meant ‘cloak’ or ‘cape’; see mantle (vesture). This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle, usually referred to as the mantle margin, extend far beyond the main part of the body, forming flaps, double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses, including for example, the siphon.
Bavarian railway signals
The Royal Bavarian State Railways had their own Bavarian railway signals for decades until they were gradually replaced by Deutsche Reichsbahn semaphore signals following the merger of all the German state railways into the newly created Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen in 1920. Bavarian home signals were still being used by the Deutsche Bahn until 2002 and Bavarian distant signals even after that.

Application of railway signals
The application of railway signals on a rail layout is determined by various factors, principally the location of points of potential conflict, as well as the speed and frequency of trains and the movements they require to make.
Economy of Manchukuo
This article looks at the economies of Manchukuo and Mengjiang, in the period 1931-1945. The effective Japanese annexation of 1931 led to a colonial system (see Manchukuo (administration)). Japan invested in heavy industry, and to a lesser extent, agriculture.

The General Affairs State Council retained Japanese control of official economic policy. The Central Bank of Manchukou was the national central bank. The Kwantung Army held the highest authority, representing the Emperor of Japan, and the respective ministries of the nominal Manchukou central government were also involved.

Politics of Manchukuo
Manchukuo was a puppet state set up by the Empire of Japan in Manchuria which existed from 1931 to 1945. The Manchukuo regime was established four months after the Japanese withdrawal from Shanghai with Puyi as the nominal but powerless head of state to add some semblance of legitimacy, as he was a former emperor and an ethnic Manchu.
Numbaa
Numbaa (sometimes spelled Numba) is a farming locality, 7.5 Kilometres (5 Miles) east from the city of Nowra, in the Shoalhaven district of New South Wales, Australia. As of the 2021 Census it has a population of 122. The town is primarily based around the cattle industry and is built on the Shoalhaven River floodplain.

The village is largely located along Comerong Island Road, which leads to the Comerong Island ferry, which is the only way to access the island by car, and runs daily.

It is the location of The Merribee Gardens.

Shoalhaven River
The Shoalhaven River is a perennial river that rises from the Southern Tablelands and flows into an open mature wave dominated barrier estuary near Nowra on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia.
Wynne Edwin Baxter
Wynne Edwin Baxter FRMS FGS (1 May 1844 – 1 October 1920) was an English intellectual and medical professional, variously working as a lawyer, translator, antiquarian, botanist, and coroner. He is best known for conducting the inquests on most of the victims of the Whitechapel Murders of 1888 to 1891, including three of the five canonical victims of Jack the Ripper in 1888. He was appointed governor of Royal London Hospital and conducted the inquest on Joseph Merrick, the "Elephant Man".

Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe, with more than 12,000 Fellows.

Fellows are entitled to the postnominal FGS (Fellow of the Geological Society), over 2,000 of whom are Chartered Geologists (CGeol). The Society is a registered charity, no. 210161
. It is also a member of the Science Council, and is licensed to award Chartered Scientist to qualifying members.

The mission of the society is: "Making geologists acquainted with each other, stimulating their zeal, inducing them to adopt one nomenclature, facilitating the communication of new facts and ascertaining what is known in their science and what remains to be discovered".
Adleman–Pomerance–Rumely primality test
In computational number theory, the Adleman–Pomerance–Rumely primality test is an algorithm for determining whether a number is prime. Unlike other, more efficient algorithms for this purpose, it avoids the use of random numbers, so it is a deterministic primality test. It is named after its discoverers, Leonard Adleman, Carl Pomerance, and Robert Rumely. The test involves arithmetic in cyclotomic fields.

It was later improved by Henri Cohen and Hendrik Willem Lenstra, commonly referred to as APR-CL. It can test primality of an integer n in time:

Henri Cohen (mathematician)
Henri Cohen (born 8 June 1947) is a number theorist, and an emeritus professor at the University of Bordeaux.  He is best known for leading the team that created the PARI/GP computer algebra system.  He also introduced the Rankin–Cohen bracket, co-proposed the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics and has written several textbooks in computational and algebraic number theory.
Marcus Burk
Marcus Burk (born September 27, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Valley Suns of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Campbell Fighting Camels and the IUPUI Jaguars.

IU Indy Jaguars men's basketball
The IU Indy Jaguars men's basketball team is the men's basketball team that represents Indiana University Indianapolis in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. IU Indy assumed its current identity on July 1, 2024, when the Indiana University and Purdue University systems dissolved the former Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). The vast majority of IUPUI academic programs, plus the IUPUI athletic program, were transferred to the new IU campus. The school's team currently competes in the Horizon League. The Jaguars made their first and to date only appearance in the NCAA Tournament in 2003 when they won the Summit League Conference Championship.
Christopher Belcher
Christopher Belcher (born January 29, 1994, in Sayville, New York) is an American professional track and field sprinter who specializes in the 100 meters and the 200 meters.  While in college he competed for the Monroe Mustangs and then the North Carolina A&T Aggies. He is currently sponsored by Nike.

In 2017 he competed at the World Championships in the 100 m, making it to the semi-finals. His personal best time in the 100 m is 9.93 seconds, set during the NCAA Division I Championships earlier that year.

2017 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2017 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were the 96th NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the 36th NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships held for the fifth consecutive year at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon on the campus of the University of Oregon. In total, forty-two different men's and women's track and field events were contested from June 7 to June 10, 2017.