hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Aspietes
Michael Aspietes (Greek: Μιχαήλ Ἀσπιέτης, fl. 1167–1176) was a distinguished Byzantine general serving under Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.

A member of the Aspietes family, of noble Armenian origin, Michael Aspietes is most likely the Aspietes whom John Kinnamos records as having distinguished himself in the wars against the Hungarians in 1167. He is next recorded by Niketas Choniates as being active in 1176, in the aftermath of the Byzantine defeat at the Battle of Myriokephalon, when he and John Komnenos Vatatzes campaigned against the Seljuk Turks raiding the Maeander River valley. At the Battle of Hyelion and Leimocheir the Seljuk army was destroyed in an ambush. During the battle a Turk wounded Aspietes' horse and the panicked animal reared up on its hind legs. The general was thrown into the Maeander River, where he drowned.

Niketas Choniates
Niketas or Nicetas Choniates (Medieval Greek: Νικήτας Χωνιάτης; c. 1155 – 1217), whose actual surname was Akominatos (Ἀκομινάτος), was a Byzantine Greek historian and politician. He accompanied his brother Michael Akominatos to Constantinople from their birthplace Chonae (from which came his nickname, "Choniates" meaning "person from Chonae"). Nicetas wrote a history of the Eastern Roman Empire from 1118 to 1207.
Seawater desalination in Australia
Australia is the driest habitable continent on Earth and its installed desalination capacity has been increasing. Until a few decades ago, Australia met its demands for water by drawing freshwater from dams and water catchments. As a result of the water supply crisis during the severe 1997–2009 drought, state governments began building desalination plants that purify seawater using reverse osmosis technology. Approximately one percent of the world's drinkable water originates from desalination plants.

The first modern large-scale desalination plant was the Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, completed in November 2006 and over 30 plants are currently operating across the country. Many plants are utilizing nearby wind or wave farms to use renewable energy and reduce operating costs, and solar-powered desalination units are used for remote communities.

Solar-powered desalination unit
A solar-powered desalination unit  produces potable water from saline water through direct or indirect methods of desalination powered by sunlight.  Solar energy is the most promising renewable energy source due to its ability to drive the more popular thermal desalination systems directly through solar collectors and to drive physical and chemical desalination systems indirectly through photovoltaic cells.

Direct solar desalination produces distillate directly in the solar collector. An example would be a solar still which traps the Sun's energy to obtain freshwater through the process of evaporation and condensation. Indirect solar desalination incorporates solar energy collection systems with conventional desalination systems such as multi-stage flash distillation, multiple effect evaporation, freeze separation or reverse osmosis to produce freshwater.
Sportpark Höhenberg
Sportpark Höhenberg is a sports facility in the Merheimer Heide in Cologne's Höhenberg quarter on the right bank of the Rhine. The football stadium belonging to the facility is the home ground of association football club Viktoria Köln and American football team Cologne Crocodiles. Currently, the sports facility seats 8,343.

FC Viktoria Köln
FC Viktoria Köln 1904 e. V., commonly known as Viktoria Köln (German pronunciation: [vɪkˈtoːʁi̯a kœln]) or Viktoria Cologne in English, is a German professional football club based on the right bank of the river Rhine in the Höhenberg district of Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club competes in the 3. Liga, the third tier of German football.

From 1978 to 1981 Viktoria Köln played in the 2. Bundesliga. During this period, the club achieved its best result in the 1979–80 season, finishing 4th.
Maharram Aliyev
Maharram Abish oghlu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: Məhərrəm Abış oğlu Əliyev, born October 20, 1951) is the Deputy Minister of Justice of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Head of the Defense Affairs Department of the Defense Assistant to the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2019 – 2023), Colonel-General. Currently, he is the Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Republic of Belarus.

Ministry of Justice (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Ədliyyə Nazirliyi) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulation of the justice system, overseeing the public prosecutor, maintaining the legal system and public order and instituting law reforms.
Mary Edwards (human computer)
Mary Edwards (c. 1750 – September 1815) was a human computer for the British Nautical Almanac and one of a very few women paid directly by the Board of Longitude, and to earn a living from scientific work at the time.

She was one of 35 human computers who calculated the position of the Sun, Moon and planets at different times of day for annual nautical almanacs used for navigation at sea.

The Nautical Almanac
The Nautical Almanac has been the familiar name for a series of official British almanacs published under various titles since the first issue of The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris, for 1767: this was the first nautical almanac to contain data dedicated to the convenient determination of longitude at sea. It was originally published from the Royal Greenwich Observatory in England. A detailed account of how the publication was produced in its earliest years has been published by the National Maritime Museum.

Since 1958 (with the issue for the year 1960), His Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office and the US Naval Observatory have jointly published a unified Nautical Almanac, for use by the navies of both countries.
Stephen (honorific)
The name Stephen (Serbo-Croatian: Stefan / Стефан, Stjepan / Стјепан, Stipan / Стипан, and others), long popular among South Slavic monarchs, was used as an honorific or as a royal title. It was used by various rulers, like the Trpimirović kings of Croatia, Nemanjić kings of Serbia and the Kotromanić kings of Bosnia.

Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.

Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (despective or humilific) first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed.
XQuery API for Java
XQuery API for Java (XQJ) refers to the common Java API for the W3C XQuery 1.0 specification.

The XQJ API enables Java programmers to execute XQuery against an XML data source (e.g. an XML database) while reducing or eliminating vendor lock in.

The XQJ API provides Java developers with an interface to the XQuery Data Model. Its design is similar to the JDBC API which has a client/server feel and as such lends itself well to Server-based XML Databases and less well to client-side XQuery processors, although the "connection" part is a very minor part of the entire API. Users of the XQJ API can bind Java values to XQuery expressions, preventing code injection attacks. Also, multiple XQuery expressions can be executed as part of an atomic transaction.

XML database
An XML database is a data persistence software system that allows data to be specified, and stored, in XML format. This data can be queried, transformed, exported and returned to a calling system. XML databases are a flavor of document-oriented databases which are in turn a category of  database.
Jean de Forcade, Seigneur de Biaix
Jean de Forcade (before 1635, in presumably in Boeil, Béarn – 9 November 1684, in Pau, Béarn), was a Fermier des monnaies de Béarn et Navarre (Lessee of the Mints of Béarn and Navarre).

He was a descendant of the noble family of Forcade from Béarn in the Kingdom of Navarre, a Protestant nobleman, but abjured from Protestantism shortly before the end of his life, under intimidation from the policy of harassment of religious minorities through the use of dragonnades, created in 1681, to intimidate Huguenots into converting to Catholicism or to leave France, and under the threat of confiscation of properties of nobles who did not convert.

Jean de Forcade is the founder of the Forcade-Biaix family line, through his 1659 acquisition of the noble fief of Biaix in the city of Pau, and therewith the earliest bearer of the Forcade-Biaix name.

Mint (facility)
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. In the beginning, hammered coinage or cast coinage were the chief means of coin minting, with resulting production runs numbering as little as the hundreds or thousands. In modern mints, coin dies are manufactured in large numbers and planchets are made into milled coins by the billions.

With the mass production of currency, the production cost is weighed when minting coins. For example, it costs the United States Mint much less than 25 cents to make a quarter (a 25 cent coin), and the difference in production cost and face value (called seigniorage) helps fund the minting body. Conversely, a U.S. penny ($0.01) cost $0.015 to make in 2016.
Adam Johansson
Adam Johansson (born 21 February 1983) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. Born in Gothenburg, Johansson played for Västra Frölunda IF in the Superettan before moving IFK Göteborg in the Allsvenskan in 2005. With Göteborg, he won the Allsvenskan in 2007 and the Swedish Cup in 2008, before he signed with Seattle Sounders FC. He also has played for the Sweden national team in 18 appearances, including 2010 World Cup qualifying and 2014 World Cup qualifying.

2014 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group C
The 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group C was a UEFA qualifying group for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The group comprised Germany, Sweden, Republic of Ireland, Austria, Faroe Islands and Kazakhstan.

The group winners, Germany, qualified directly for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Sweden placed among the eight best runners-up and advanced to the play-offs, where they were drawn to play home-and-away matches against Portugal. However, they lost both matches and thus failed to qualify for the World Cup. Germany went on to win the tournament, defeating Argentina in the final.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a condition characterised by an exaggerated response of the immune system (a hypersensitivity response) to the fungus Aspergillus (most commonly Aspergillus fumigatus). It occurs most often in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis. Aspergillus spores are ubiquitous in soil and are commonly found in the sputum of healthy individuals. A. fumigatus is responsible for a spectrum of lung diseases known as aspergilloses.

ABPA causes airway inflammation, leading to bronchiectasis—a condition marked by abnormal dilation of the airways. Left untreated, the immune system and fungal spores can damage sensitive lung tissues and lead to scarring.

The exact criteria for the diagnosis of ABPA are not agreed upon. Chest X-rays and CT scans, raised blood levels of IgE and eosinophils, immunological tests for Aspergillus together with sputum staining and sputum cultures can be useful. Treatment consists of corticosteroids and antifungal medications.

Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). The evolution of antifungal resistance is a growing threat to health globally.
Waste Siege
Waste Siege: The Life of Infrastructure in Palestine is a nonfiction book by Sophia Stamatopoulou-Robbins. The book is an ethnography of waste management in the West Bank under the constraints of Israeli occupation, arguing that the Oslo Accords led to the abnormal presence and flow of waste for Palestinians, which Stamatopoulou-Robbins refers to as "waste siege". It is based on a decade of ethnographic fieldwork that she conducted in the West Bank for her dissertation.

Waste Siege was published by Stanford University Press in 2019, and received various recognitions including the Albert Hourani Book Award and selection as a Choice Outstanding Academic Title. Reviewers broadly praised Stamatopoulou-Robbins' ethnographic research and conclusions; some challenged specific portions of her arguments.

Middle East Studies Association
Middle East Studies Association (often referred to as MESA) is a learned society, and according to its website, "a non-profit association that fosters the study of the Middle East, promotes high standards of scholarship and teaching, and encourages public understanding of the region and its peoples through programs, publications and services that enhance education, further intellectual exchange, recognize professional distinction, and defend academic freedom".

Some critics have accused MESA of politicization and being dominated by academics critical of Israel and the United States. In 2007, the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa was founded as an ideological counterweight to MESA.
Croesus Track
The Croesus Track is a 22.1 km (13.7 mi) historic miners trail to the south of Paparoa National Park in the Grey District of South Island of New Zealand.  The route crosses the Paparoa Range from Blackball in the Grey Valley to Barrytown on the Tasman Sea coast. The first section, starting from the Blackball end, is shared with the Paparoa Track which follows the route of the Croesus Track to top of the Paparoa Range. This section is shared-use between hiking and mountain biking.

Paparoa Range
The Paparoa Range is a mountain range in the West Coast region of New Zealand's South Island. It was the first New Zealand land seen by a European – Abel Tasman in 1642. Part of the range has the country's highest protection as a national park; the Paparoa National Park was established in 1987. Within that park, the Cave Creek disaster occurred in 1995.
Nikola Krajačević
Nikola Krajačević Sartorius or Mikula Krajačević (November 29, 1582 – March 9, 1653) was a Croatian Jesuit Catholic priest, missionary and prominent person of Counter-Reformation movement in Habsburg Slavonia. Krajačević was born in a family whose members were military officers at Habsburg Military Frontier against the Ottomans. In his early life he was military officer. Krajačević completed his education in Graz, Brno, Rome and Eberndorf and had successful career in Catholic church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb reaching positions of teacher, canon and archdeacon. He published at least two books in which he translated religious texts to "Slovenski" language of Kajkavian dialect. To promote religious poems and make them more acceptable to population he replaced or adopted texts of folk poems with texts of religious poems.

Archdiocese of Zagreb
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Zagreb (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Zagrebiensis; Croatian: Zagrebačka nadbiskupija i metropolija) is the central Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Croatia, centered in the capital city Zagreb. It is the metropolitan see of Croatia, and the present archbishop is Dražen Kutleša.
It encompasses the northwestern continental areas of Croatia.
Kalundborg railway station
Kalundborg railway station (Danish: Kalundborg Station or Kalundborg Banegård) is the main railway station serving the town of Kalundborg in northwestern Zealand, Denmark. It is located in the centre of the town, close to the Port of Kalundborg, and immediately adjacent to the Kalundborg bus station and Kalundborg ferry terminal.

Kalundborg station is located on the main line Northwest Line from Roskilde to Kalundborg. The station opened in 1874, and its second and current station building designed by the architect Ole Ejnar Bonding was inaugurated in 1960. It offers direct regional rail services to Holbæk, Roskilde and Copenhagen operated by the national railway company DSB.

DSB (railway company)
DSB, an abbreviation of Danske Statsbaner (pronounced [ˈtænskə ˈstɛˀtsˌpɛːnɐ], Danish State Railways), is the largest Danish train operating company. It's also the largest train operating company in Scandinavia. While DSB is responsible for passenger train operation on most of the Danish railways, goods transport and railway maintenance are outside its scope. DSB runs a commuter rail system, called the S-train, in the area around the Danish capital, Copenhagen, that connects the different areas and suburbs in the greater metropolitan area. Between 2010 and 2017, DSB operated trains in Sweden.

DSB was founded in 1885, when the state-owned companies De jysk-fynske Statsbaner and De sjællandske Statsbaner merged. DSB was established in 1885, after the state in 1867 under the name De Jutland-Fynske Statsbaner took over the private company Det Danske Jernbanedriftselskab and in 1880 they also took over the privately owned Zealand Railway Company.
Bill Barnard
William Edward Barnard CBE (29 January 1886 – 12 March 1958) was a New Zealand lawyer, politician and parliamentary speaker. He was a member of Parliament from 1928 until 1943, and was its Speaker from 1936 till 1943. He was known for his association with John A. Lee, a prominent left-wing politician.

1928 New Zealand general election
The 1928 New Zealand general election was held on 13 and 14 November in the  Māori and European electorates, respectively, to elect 80 MPs to the 23rd session of the New Zealand Parliament.

1928 was the year postal voting was introduced for certain specified groups (e.g. invalids) who could not get to a polling booth on election day.
Legislative history of United States four-star officers from 2017
Modern four-star officer appointments are governed by the unified officer promotion framework established by the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) of 1980, as amended.

In 2017, Congress began separating military space activities into a standalone service, culminating in the Space Force Act of 2019 that redesignated Air Force Space Command as the United States Space Force, the first new military service since the Air Force was spun off from the Army in 1947.

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (S. 1790; NDAA 2020, Pub.L. 116-92) is a United States federal law which specifies the budget, expenditures and policies of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) for fiscal year 2020. Analogous NDAAs have been passed in previous and subsequent years. The NAA passed the House by a vote of 377–48 and the Senate by a vote of 86–8 and became effective on December 20, 2019, when it was signed into law by President Donald Trump.

The Act authorized a $738 billion allocation to the United States military and established the United States Space Force.
Netherne-on-the-Hill
Netherne-on-the-Hill is a village in Surrey, England, occupying a plateau once home to Netherne Hospital. The village is across a narrow valley from Hooley in north of the borough of Reigate and Banstead; through the valley runs the Hooley Tunnel cutting and A23, the only road from which the village can be accessed, from two designated side roads; a few metres south of the southern T-junction, the road divides into two grades: the A23 to Redhill, 3 miles (4.8 km) south, and the M23 motorway which has a junction with the M25 motorway within Merstham's boundaries, the former village of the hilltop land.  The post town, Coulsdon in Greater London is centred 1.8 miles (2.9 km) due north.

Merstham
Merstham /ˈmɜːrstəm/ is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey, England. It lies 17 miles south of Charing Cross just beyond the Greater London border. Part of the North Downs Way runs along the northern boundary of the town. Merstham has community associations, an early medieval church and a football club.
Theppotsavam
Theppotsavam, or Teppotsavam or Float Festival, is a Hindu religious festival carried out in Hindu temples in parts of South India, mainly Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh during the month of Chitthirai or Aries. As a part of this festival, the principal idol of the temples is decorated and taken in procession through the tank of the temple.

Some of the temples where the float festival is celebrated are:

Tirumala Venkateswara Temple

Meenakshi Amman Temple, Madurai

Samayapuram Mariamman Temple

Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Mannargudi

Thiyagarajar Temple, Thiruvarur

Simhachalam Temple, Visakhapatnam

Kanaka Durga Temple, Vijayawada

Kolaramma Temple, Kolar, Karnataka

Kapaleeshwarar Temple, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Mariamman Temple, Samayapuram
Arulmigu Sri Mariamman Temple, Samayapuram is an ancient Hindu temple in Tiruchirappalli district in Tamil Nadu, India. The main deity, Samayapuram Mariamman, a form of Adi Parashakti and Mariamman, is made of sand and clay with extractions of medicinal herbs unlike many of the traditional stone idols and is considered as most powerful Goddess, and hence unlike many other Hindu deities there are no abhishekams (sacred bathing) conducted to the main deity, but instead the "abishekam" is done to the small stone statue in front of it.

Devotees also offer mavilakku (Tamil - மாவிளக்கு), a sweet dish made of jaggery, rice flour and ghee. Offerings of raw salt and neem leaves are also made to the Goddess by the rural devotees.

The temple attracts thousands of devotees on Sundays, Tuesdays and Fridays, the holy days for Mariamman. Samayapuram is the second most wealthy (in terms of cash flows) temple in Tamil Nadu after Palani.
Blom
Blom is a European service provider within acquisition, processing and modelling of geographical information. Blom maintains European databases with collections of map, images and models. With particular focus on online services, Blom provides data and services to customers in government, enterprise and consumer markets and enables partners to create applications using Blom’s databases, location-based services and navigation systems. Blom has more than 600 employees and subsidiaries in 10 countries. The company headquarters is in Oslo, Norway. The parent company NRC Group is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange (OSE: NRC).

Oslo Stock Exchange
59°54′31.31″N 10°44′52.06″E﻿ / ﻿59.9086972°N 10.7477944°E﻿ / 59.9086972; 10.7477944

Oslo Stock Exchange (Norwegian: Oslo Børs) (OSE: OSLO) is a stock exchange within the Nordic countries and offers Norway's only regulated markets for securities trading today. The stock exchange offers a full product range including equities, derivatives and fixed income instruments.

The Euronext consortium of European stock exchanges controls Oslo Stock Exchange as of June 2019.