hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Path coefficient
Path coefficients are standardized versions of linear regression weights which can be used in examining the possible causal linkage between statistical variables in the structural equation modeling approach. The standardization involves multiplying the ordinary regression coefficient by the standard deviations of the corresponding explanatory variable: these can then be compared to assess the relative effects of the variables within the fitted regression model. The idea of standardization can be extended to apply to partial regression coefficients.

The term "path coefficient" derives from Wright (1921), where a particular diagram-based approach was used to consider the relations between  variables in a multivariate system.

Sewall Wright
Sewall Green Wright ForMemRS
HonFRSE (December 21, 1889 – March 3, 1988) was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis. He was a founder of population genetics alongside Ronald Fisher and J. B. S. Haldane, which was a major step in the development of the modern synthesis combining genetics with evolution. He discovered the inbreeding coefficient and methods of computing it in pedigree animals. He extended this work to populations, computing the amount of inbreeding between members of populations as a result of random genetic drift, and along with Fisher he pioneered methods for computing the distribution of gene frequencies among populations as a result of the interaction of natural selection, mutation, migration and genetic drift. Wright also made major contributions to mammalian and biochemical genetics.
Discrimination based on hair texture
Discrimination based on hair texture, also known as textureism, is a form of social injustice, where afro-textured hair or coarse hair types, and their associated hair styles, are viewed negatively, often perceived as unprofessional, unattractive, or unclean. This view can lead, for example, to some school students being excluded from class.

Kinky hair
Kinky hair is a human hair texture prevalent in the Indigenous peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa, Melanesia, Micronesia, Torres Strait Islands, and Tasmania, along with the Negrito populations of Southeast Asia and the Andaman Islands. Each strand of this hair type grows in a repeating pattern of small contiguous kinks which can be classified as tight twists and sharp folds. These numerous kinks make kinky hair appear denser than straight, wavy, and other curly hair types.
Ronald J. Hays
Ronald Jackson "Happy" Hays (August 19, 1928 – January 11, 2021) was a United States Navy four star admiral who served as Vice Chief of Naval Operations from 1983 to 1985, and as Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Command from 1985 to 1988.

Vice Chief of Naval Operations
The vice chief of naval operations (VCNO) is the second highest-ranking commissioned United States Navy officer and functions as the principal deputy of the chief of naval operations. By statute, the vice chief is appointed as a four-star admiral.
Title IX of the Patriot Act
Title IX: Improved Intelligence is the ninth of ten titles which comprise the USA PATRIOT Act, an anti-terrorism bill passed in the United States after the September 11, 2001 attacks.  
It amends the National Security Act of 1947 to require the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) to establish requirements and priorities for foreign intelligence collected under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 and to provide assistance to the United States Attorney General to ensure that information derived from electronic surveillance or physical searches is disseminated for efficient and effective foreign intelligence purposes.

Director of Central Intelligence
The director of central intelligence (DCI) was the head of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1946 to 2004, acting as the principal intelligence advisor to the president of the United States and the United States National Security Council, as well as the coordinator of intelligence activities among and between the various United States intelligence agencies (collectively known as the United States Intelligence Community from 1981 onwards).

The office existed from January 1946 to December 17, 2004. After the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act it was replaced by the director of national intelligence (DNI) as head of the Intelligence Community and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) as head of the CIA.
Jawed Siddiqi
Jawed Siddiqi FBCS is a Pakistani British computer scientist and software engineer. He is professor emeritus of software engineering at Sheffield Hallam University, England. He is the president of NCUP  National Council of University Professors in the UK.

British Computer Society
The British Computer Society (BCS), branded BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, since 2009, is a professional body and a learned society that represents those working in information technology (IT), computing, software engineering, computer engineering and computer science, both in the United Kingdom and internationally. Founded in October 14, 1957, BCS has played an important role in educating and nurturing IT professionals, computer scientists, software engineers, computer engineers, upholding the profession, accrediting Chartered IT Professional (CITP) and Chartered Engineer (CEng) status, and creating a global community active in promoting and furthering the field and practice of computing.
Poplar (East India Road) railway station
Poplar (East India Road) was a railway station located on the East India Dock Road in Poplar, London. It was opened in 1866 by the North London Railway. It was the southern passenger terminus of the NLR, although goods trains ran on to connect to the London and Blackwall Railway (LBR) for the East India Docks or to the LBR's Millwall Extension Railway for the West India Docks.

The station site is now (2021) occupied by All Saints DLR station whilst Poplar DLR station is to the south and west.

London and Blackwall Railway
Originally called the Commercial Railway, the London and Blackwall Railway (L&BR) in east London, England, ran from Minories to Blackwall via Stepney, with a branch line to the Isle of Dogs, connecting the City of London and East End to many of London's docks in Poplar. It was operational from 1840 until 1926 (for passengers) and 1968 (for goods), closing after the decline of inner London's docks. Much of its infrastructure was reused as part of the Docklands Light Railway. The L&BR was leased by the Great Eastern Railway in 1866, but remained independent until absorbed into the London and North Eastern Railway at the 1923 Grouping. Another branch was opened in 1871, the Millwall Extension Railway.
Samkhyakarika
The Sāṅkhyakārikā (Sanskrit: साङ्ख्यकारिका, Sāṅkhyakārikā, sometimes spelled Sāṃkhyakārikā) is the earliest surviving text of the Sāṅkhya (sometimes Sāṃkhya) school of Indian philosophy.  The text's original composition date is unknown, but its terminus ad quem (completed before) date has been established through its Chinese translation that became available by 569 CE.  It is attributed to Īśvarakṛṣṇa (fl. 350 CE).

In the text, the author described himself as a successor of the disciples from the great sage Kapila, through Āsuri and Pañcaśikha. His Sāṁkhya Kārikā consists of 72 ślokas written in the Ārya metre, with the last verse asserting that the original Samkhya Karika had only 70 verses.

Panchashikha
Panchashikha (Sanskrit: पञ्चशिख, Romanised: Pañcaśikha) was a Vedic sage at the court of King Janadeva Janaka in Mithila. He was a prominent philosopher of Samkhya Shastra. He is mentioned in the Shanti Parva section of the epic text Mahabharata. He was appointed as the royal teacher of the King Janadeva Janaka in Mithila. He was also the royal teacher of the King Dharmadhwaja Janaka after the King Janadeva Janaka.
Daniela Pejšová
Daniela Pejšová (born 14 August 2002) is a Czech professional ice hockey player for the Boston Fleet of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). She previously played for Luleå HF/MSSK and Modo Hockey of the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). She is also a member of the Czech Republic women's national ice hockey team. She was drafted seventh overall by Boston in the 2024 PWHL draft.

Boston Fleet
The Boston Fleet are a professional ice hockey team based in the Greater Boston area that competes in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). They are one of the six charter franchises of the league. The team plays its home games at Tsongas Center.
Siv G. E. Andersson
Siv Gun Elisabeth Andersson (born 1959) is a Swedish evolutionary biologist, professor of molecular evolution at Uppsala University. She is member of both the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and of Engineering. She is also Head of basic research at the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and has been co-director of the Swedish national center for large-scale research Science for Life Laboratory between 2017 and 2021. Her research focuses on the evolution of bacteria, mainly on intracellular parasites.

Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW) (Swedish: Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse) is a Swedish public and private foundation formed in 1917 by Knut Agathon Wallenberg and his wife Alice Wallenberg.  It was created to support research in the natural sciences, technology and medicine by awarding long-term grants to basic research of the highest international class.
Mr. Big (Little Richard album)
Mr. Big, released in the middle of his Reprise Records period, was another compilation of Little Richard's mid-1960s recordings for Vee Jay Records, released on the UK Joy label. None of the tracks had previously been released on an album - many had been released on singles in 1965, the rest were previously unreleased . A later album with not only the same name, but also the same cover was released for the US market in 1974 with different tracks. (See The Alternate Mr. Big).
Another similar release came in the form of Talkin‘ ‘bout Soul, also in 1974, with one previously unreleased track and stereo versions of released single sides.

Vee-Jay Records
Vee-Jay Records is an American record label founded in the 1950s, located in Chicago and specializing in blues, jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll.

The label was founded in Gary, Indiana, in 1953 by Vivian Carter and James C. Bracken, a husband-and-wife team who used their initials for the label's name. Vivian's brother, Calvin Carter, was the label's A&R man. Ewart Abner, formerly of Chance Records, joined the label in 1955, first as manager, then as vice president, and ultimately as president.  One of the earliest Black American-owned record companies, Vee-Jay quickly became a major R&B label, with the first song recorded, the Spaniels' "Baby It's You,"  making it to the top ten on the national R&B charts.
Young Hero (1785 ship)
Young Hero was launched at Liverpool in 1785. She made six complete voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. On her first and second voyages she sailed under an asiento, that permitted her owners to bring and sell captives in Spanish territories. She was seized and condemned in 1794 after having landed the captives from her seventh voyage.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Sunfeast Open
The Sunfeast Open (named after sponsor Sunfeast of ITC Limited) was an annual WTA Tour tennis tournament that was started in Kolkata in 2005. The event was a Tier III-tournament with a prize money of USD 175,000 and was played on indoors greenset. The fourth edition of the  WTA Sunfeast Open, slated to be held in Kolkata from 6–12 October 2008, was shifted to Mumbai as the dates clash with the Durga Puja. The 2008 tournament in Mumbai, was to be held outdoors in the premises of Cricket Club of India, unlike the previous three editions. ITC, an Indian conglomerate based out of Kolkata was the primary sponsor of the event. The company owns the Sunfeast brand of biscuits.

Since 2008, the Sunfeast Open, has no longer been listed on the WTA calendar and hence has been cancelled after running into trouble regarding venues.

ITC Limited
ITC Limited is an Indian conglomerate, headquartered in Kolkata. It has a presence across six business segments, namely FMCG, agribusiness, information technology, paper products, and packaging. It generates a plurality of its revenue from tobacco products.

In terms of market capitalization, ITC is the second-largest FMCG company in India and the third-largest tobacco company in the world. It employs 36,500 people at more than 60 locations across India.
Trinity Independent Chapel
The Trinity Independent Chapel (also known as the Congregational or Methodist chapel) was an early Victorian church in Poplar. It was destroyed by a V-2 rocket hit during the Second World War, and later re-built in Modernist style. In the late 1990s the building was sold to the Calvary Charismatic Baptist Church, and since then has served as their Prayer Temple and international headquarters.

Poplar, London
Poplar is a district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is located five miles (8 km) east of Charing Cross and lies on the western bank of the River Lea.

Poplar is identified as a major district centre in the London Plan, with its centre being Chrisp Street Market, a significant commercial and retail centre surrounded by extensive residential development.

Originally part of the Manor and Ancient Parish of Stepney, the Hamlet of Poplar had become an autonomous area of Stepney by the 17th century, and an independent parish in 1817, the Parish and later Metropolitan Borough of Poplar. After a series of mergers, Poplar became part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in 1965.
Esquina de la Información
The Esquina de la Información (lit. transl. Information Corner) refers to the intersection of Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Bucareli, in Colonia Juárez, Mexico City. The name emerged due to the presence of the former headquarters of the Excélsior newspaper and, across the street, the offices of El Universal—two of Mexico's most prominent newspaper companies.

The intersection is surrounded by several notable landmarks, including the Antimonumento +43 memorial, the El Caballito sculpture, the Fuente de la República fountain roundabout, the National Lottery Building (known as Edificio El Moro), the Puerta 1808 sculpture, the Tax Administration Service headquarters (Torre del Caballito), and the Rescatemos a David y Miguel memorial. The area is served by the El Caballito BRT station.

Servicio de Administración Tributaria
The Tax Administration Service (Spanish: Servicio de Administración Tributaria, SAT) is the revenue service of the Mexican federal government. The government agency is a deconcentrated bureau of the Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit, Mexico's cabinet-level finance ministry, and is under the immediate direction of the Chief of the Tax Administration Service. The SAT is responsible for collecting taxes, as well as applying fiscal and customs law, with the purpose of funding public spending in a proportional and equitable manner. Additionally, it is the bureau's responsibility to generate and collect information necessary for the formation and evaluation of fiscal policy.
Glen Flagler distillery
Glen Flagler distillery (also known as Glenflagler) is a inactive Lowland single malt Scotch whisky distillery in Airdrie, North Lanarkshire, Scotland.

It produced the Lowland single malt whisky brands Glen Flagler and Killyloch.

Lowland single malts
Lowland single malts are single malt whiskies distilled in Scotland's lowlands. The region is home to distilleries such as: Annandale in Annan; Auchentoshan near Clydebank; Bladnoch in Galloway; Daftmill in Fife;   The Girvan Distilleries near Girvan;  and Glenkinchie distillery near Edinburgh.

Several new distilleries have begun to produce new-make spirit in recent years, including Kingsbarns, InchDairnie and Lindores Abbey, all in Fife, and at Ardgowan.

At least six other lowland single malts are still available, but are no longer distilled: Rosebank (currently undergoing revival), Kinclaith, St. Magdalene, Ladyburn, Inverleven, and Littlemill.
MV Northern Adventure
MV Northern Adventure is a roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ferry operated by BC Ferries in British Columbia, Canada. She sails two routes: the scenic Inside Passage route between Port Hardy and Prince Rupert and the Haida Gwaii crossing between Prince Rupert and Skidegate. The vessel was laid down by Atsalakis-Sidironaftiki shipyard on 11 September 2001 at their yard in Perama, Greece. The ship was launched on 19 October 2002 under the name Adamantios Korais. However, construction was delayed and the vessel was not completed until 19 July 2004 under the name Sonia, and later Sonia X. The ferry was chartered by the Government of Trinidad and Tobago for use on a route between Port of Spain, Trinidad and Scarborough, Tobago. In 2006, the ferry was acquired by BC Ferries and entered service under her current name Northern Adventure in 2007.

Scarborough, Trinidad and Tobago
Scarborough is a major town of the island of Tobago as well as the eleventh-most-populous in Trinidad and Tobago. Scarborough was the capital of Tobago in 1769 before it was unified with Trinidad changing the capital to Port of Spain. Situated in western Tobago, Scarborough is the economic and cultural centre of the island of Tobago. The estimated population in 2011 was 17,537. Scarborough is ranked as one of Trinidad and Tobago's most densely populated towns alongside Port of Spain, San Fernando, Chaguanas and Arima. The town's skyline is dominated by Fort King George, an 18th-century fortification named after King George III, which now hosts a historic and archaeologic museum. Scarborough's deepwater harbour was built in 1991; before that ships were forced to anchor offshore.
Kokuritsu-Kyōgijō Station
Kokuritsu-kyōgijō Station (国立競技場駅, Kokuritsu-kyōgijō-eki; lit. National Stadium Station), also known as Tōkyō Taiikukan-mae, is a Tokyo subway station located in Sendagaya, Shibuya and Shinanomachi, Shinjuku. Situated on the Toei Ōedo Line, the station is operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation.

Toei Ōedo Line
The Toei Ōedo Line (都営地下鉄大江戸線, Toei Chikatetsu Ōedo-sen; "Greater Edo Line") is a rapid transit railway line of the municipal Toei Subway network in Tokyo, Japan. It commenced full operations on December 12, 2000; using the Japanese calendar this reads "12/12/12" as the year 2000 equals Heisei 12. The line is completely underground, making it the second-longest railway tunnel in Japan after the Seikan Tunnel.

On maps and signboards, the line is shown in magenta. Stations carry the letter "E" followed by a two-digit number inside a more pinkish ruby circle.

In fiscal year 2023, the Ōedo Line had the highest daily ridership in the Toei network, serving an average of 836,179 passengers per day. Despite this, it was the only Toei subway line to operate at a loss, incurring a deficit of 3.2 billion yen.
Elisabetta Manfredini-Guarmani
Elisabetta Manfredini-Guarmani (2 June 1780 – after 1828) was an Italian opera singer best known for having created the leading soprano roles in four of Rossini's operas, roles which he wrote specifically for her voice. Antonia Elisabetta Manfredini was born in Bologna and was the daughter of the composer and music theorist Vincenzo Manfredini. After her stage debut in 1810 when she sang in the premiere of Stefano Pavesi's Il trionfo di Gedeone at Bologna's Teatro del Corso, she went on to perform at La Fenice, La Scala, Teatro Regio di Torino, Rome's Teatro Argentina and several other opera houses, primarily in Northern Italy. In addition to the roles she created in Rossini's operas, she also sang in the world premieres of operas by several composers who are lesser known today, including Pietro Raimondi, Simon Mayr, and Ferdinando Paër. Her last known appearance was in 1828 after which there is no further trace of her. The date and place of her death are unknown.

Ferdinando Paer
Ferdinando Paer (1 June 1771 – 3 May 1839) was an Italian composer known for his operas. He was of Austrian descent and used the German spelling Pär in application for printing in Venice, and later in France the spelling Paër.
Karl Allgöwer
Karl Allgöwer (born 5 January 1957) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He played most of his career at VfB Stuttgart, winning the Bundesliga in 1984. Allgöwer was part of the German silver squad for the 1986 FIFA World Cup.

1983–84 Bundesliga
The 1983–84 Bundesliga was the 21st season of the Bundesliga, the premier football league in West Germany. It began on 12 August 1983 and ended on 26 May 1984. Stuttgart won the championship. Defending champions, Hamburg finished second. The 1983–84 Bundesliga season holds the record for most goals scored in a Bundesliga season.
John Morton (zoologist)
John Edward Morton QSO FRSNZ FLS (18 July 1923 – 6 March 2011) was a biologist, philosopher, theologian, and conservationist from New Zealand.

Morton is regarded as one of New Zealand's most respected scientists, and one of New Zealand's greatest marine biologists, researching New Zealand's ecology and marine life.

He was the first chair of the School of Zoology and Biological Sciences at the University of Auckland, a position he held for 28 years from 1959 to 1988; and published more than one hundred scientific papers and theological works in a career of over 50 years of scientific research.

He was deeply interested in the much wider fields of natural history and philosophy; was a noted theologian; and political and conservation activist.

He authored numerous books, papers, and newspaper columns across a wide variety of topics; and was also the presenter of the imported nature and science television programme, Our World.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Blaisebeatz
Marcel Larry Akunwata popularly known as Blaisebeatz or Blaise Beats, is a Nigerian record producer, and songwriter. He rose to stardom in 2020 with the production hit "Pami" by DJ Tunez. His other production hits includes "Enjoy" by Tekno, "Sinner", "It Is What It Is", and "Mercy" by Adekunle Gold, "Call Me Every Day" by Chris Brown, "Buga" by Kizz Daniel, and "No Wahala" by 1da Banton. In 2022, he won the Afro Highlife Producer Of The Year and Afro Dancehall Producer Of The Year at The Beatz Awards.

DJ Tunez
Michael Babatunde Adeyinka,listenⓘ also known as DJ Tunez, is a Nigerian-American disc jockey. In 2015, DJ Tunez signed to Wizkid's record label Starboy Entertainment. DJ Tunez's first production was in 2016's "Iskaba", a "contagiously upbeat track" featuring Wande Coal. He has collaborated with other acts such as Wizkid, Sarz, Burna Boy, Busiswa, Reekado Banks, Damibliz, Omah Lay, and many more.