hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 State of the Union Address
Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, delivered a State of the Union address on January 30, 2018, at 9:00 p.m. EST, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives to the 115th United States Congress. It was Trump's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress during his first term. Presiding over this joint session was the House speaker, Paul Ryan, accompanied by Mike Pence, the vice president, in his capacity as the president of the Senate.

The Address was watched by 45.6 million viewers. There were also 21 million interactions regarding the address on social media.

U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III and Virginia Delegate Elizabeth Guzmán gave the Democratic Party's response in English and Spanish, respectively.

Joint session of the United States Congress
A joint session of the United States Congress is a gathering of members of the two chambers of the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Joint sessions can be held on any special occasion, but are required to be held when the president delivers a State of the Union address, when they gather to count and certify the votes of the Electoral College as the presidential election, or when they convene on the occasion of a presidential inauguration. A joint meeting is usually a ceremonial or formal occasion and does not perform any legislative function, and no resolution is proposed nor vote taken.

Joint sessions and meetings are usually held in the Chamber of the House of Representatives, and are traditionally presided over by the speaker of the House. The Constitution requires the vice president (as president of the Senate) to preside over the counting of electoral votes by Congress.
El Malo (song)
"El Malo" (English: The Bad Guy) is the fifth single released from Aventura's fifth and final studio album The Last (2009). The single was released on March 11, 2010 and reached #1 on Tropical Airplay. The music video was released on, Jun 29, 2010. A remix was made with Sensato.

Billboard tropical charts
The Billboard tropical charts began in 1985 when an album chart were introduced as Tropical Albums in the June 29 issue of the magazine.  In October 1994, Billboard then established Tropical Airplay, which initially rank the most-played songs played on tropical  radio stations before switching to an audience-based methodology in January 2017. As the music and radio industries, as well as the technology to monitor and measure sales and airplay, have evolved, Billboard currently publishes three different tropical charts. On April 8, 2025, Billboard debuted the Hot Tropical Songs chart, which ranks the best-performing tropical songs across streaming, digital, and airplay from all radio stations in the United States.

According to Billboard, tropical music refers to music originating from the Spanish-speaking areas of the Caribbean, namely salsa, merengue, bachata, cumbia, and vallenato.
Te Tai Rawhiti
Te Tai Rawhiti (lit. 'The East Coast') was one of the five new New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorates created in 1996 for MMP. It largely replaced its English-named predecessor, Eastern Maori, though Te Tai Rawhiti's boundary was retracted significantly in the central North Island.

Te Tai Rawhiti only existed for one electoral term, and in 1999 was largely replaced by Waiariki and Ikaroa-Rāwhiti.

1999 New Zealand general election
The 1999 New Zealand general election was held on 27 November 1999 to determine the composition of the 46th New Zealand Parliament. The governing National Party, led by Prime Minister Jenny Shipley, was defeated, being replaced by a coalition of Helen Clark's Labour Party and the smaller Alliance. This marked an end to nine years of the Fourth National Government, and the beginning of the Fifth Labour Government which would govern for nine years in turn, until its loss to the National Party in the 2008 general election. It was the first New Zealand election where both major parties had female leaders.
Jože Toporišič
Jože Toporišič (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈjóːʒɛ tɔpɔˈɾìːʃitʃ]; October 11, 1926 – December 9, 2014) was a Slovene linguist. He was the author of the most influential Slovene scientific grammar of the second half of the 20th century, a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and coauthor of the Academy's Slovene Normative Guide (Slovene: Slovenski pravopis). In this position, he transformed the linguistic section of the academy into the central regulatory authority for codification of Slovene.

Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Slovene: Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti (SAZU)) is the national academy of Slovenia, which encompasses science and the arts and brings together the top Slovene researchers and artists as members of the academy.
Academy Transformation Trust
The Academy Transformation Trust (ATT), or alternatively the Academies Transformation Trust, is a multi-academy trust administering 21 academy schools across 10 local authority areas in England. It operates in the East of England, South East England, East Midlands and West Midlands.

Multi-academy trust
Multi-Academy Trust (MAT) or academy chain is an academy trust that operates more than one academy school. Academy schools are state-funded schools in England which are directly funded by the Department for Education and independent of local authority control. The terms of the arrangements are set out in individual Academy Funding Agreements. The group of schools in a multi-academy trust work together under a shared academy funding agreement.

BESA, the British Educational Suppliers Association  states that in November 2019 there are 1,170 Multi Academy Trusts in England that manage at least two schools: 598 have five or fewer schools, 259 have 6-11 schools, 85 have between 12-25 schools and 29 have 26 or more schools.
J. Spencer Kinard
J. Spencer Kinard is an American radio and television personality He was a reporter for KSL television when he was invited to replace Richard L. Evans as voice of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Kinard had previously worked for CBS in New York. He spent 18 years as the voice of the choir.

KSL-TV
KSL-TV (channel 5) is a television station in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is the sole television property of locally based Bonneville International, the for-profit broadcasting arm of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and is sister to radio stations KSL (1160 AM) and KSL-FM (102.7). The three stations share studios at the Broadcast House building in Salt Lake City's Triad Center; KSL-TV's transmitter is located on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains, southwest of Salt Lake City. The station has a large network of broadcast translators that extend its over-the-air coverage throughout Utah, as well as portions of Arizona, Idaho, Nevada and Wyoming.

KSL-TV is one of a few for-profit U.S. television stations owned by a religious institution (most U.S. TV stations owned by religious institutions are affiliated with non-profit religious broadcasting networks).
Robert Abela
Robert Abela KUOM (born 7 December 1977) is a Maltese lawyer and politician who has served as prime minister of Malta and leader of the Malta Labour Party since 2020, following the resignation of Joseph Muscat on 13 January that year. The son of former president George Abela, he was elected to Parliament in 2017.

Parliament of Malta
The Parliament of Malta (Maltese: Il-Parlament ta' Malta) is the constitutional legislative body in Malta, located in Valletta. The parliament is unicameral, with a democratically elected House of Representatives and the president of Malta. By constitutional law, all government ministers, including the prime minister, must be members of the House of Representatives.

Between 1921 and 1933 the Parliament was bicameral, consisting of a Senate (Senat) as well as a Legislative Assembly (Assemblea Leġiżlattiva).
City of Maribyrnong
The City of Maribyrnong (/ˈmærəbənɒŋ/) is a local government area within the metropolitan area of Melbourne, Australia. It comprises the inner western suburbs between 5 and 10 kilometres from Melbourne city centre. In June 2018, Maribyrnong had a population of 91,387.

According to Local Government Victoria, Maribyrnong has the second most ethnically diverse population in Victoria, with 40% of residents born outside Australia.

Many of Maribyrnong's former industrial sites have been replaced by residential developments. New residents are generally more educated and higher income.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
Anna Kublikova
Anna Alexandrovna Kublikova (Russian: Анна Александровна Кубликова; born 2 December 1998) is a Russian-born retired ice dancer who competed for Belarus. With Yuri Hulitski, she is the 2018 Open d'Andorra silver medalist and the 2019 Belarusian national champion. They competed at the 2019 World Championships and the 2019 European Championships.

Belarusian Figure Skating Championships
The Belarusian Figure Skating Championships are an annual figure skating competition organized by the Skating Union of Belarus (Russian: Белорусский союз конькобежце) to crown the national champions of Belarus. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels, although not every discipline is held every year due to a lack of participants.
Elanodactylus
Elanodactylus (meaning "Kite finger") is a genus of ctenochasmatid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous period (early Aptian stage) of what is now the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China.

Ctenochasmatidae
Ctenochasmatidae is a group of pterosaurs within the suborder Pterodactyloidea. They are characterized by their distinctive teeth, which are thought to have been used for filter-feeding. Ctenochasmatids lived from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous periods.

The earliest known ctenochasmatid remains date to the Late Jurassic Kimmeridgian age. Previously, a fossil jaw recovered from the Middle Jurassic Stonesfield Slate formation in the United Kingdom, was considered the oldest known. This specimen supposedly represented a member of the family Ctenochasmatidae, though further examination suggested it actually belonged to a teleosaurid stem-crocodilian instead of a pterosaur.
Thomas Jolley
Thomas Glenn Jolley (January 26, 1944 – March 20, 2014) was an anti-Vietnam War protester who renounced his U.S. citizenship in Canada.  Soon after his renunciation, Jolley crossed back into the U.S. and began working in Florida. A U.S. federal court ruled that he was deportable, but the Immigration and Naturalization Service could not actually deport him to Canada because he had lost his Canadian-landed immigrant status. He died in Asheville, North Carolina, at the age of 70.

Canada permanent resident card
The permanent resident card (French: carte de résident permanent), also known colloquially as the PR card, is an identification document and a travel document that shows that a person has permanent residency in Canada. It is one of the methods by which Canadian permanent residents can prove their permanent residency status in Canada, and is one of the only documents that allow permanent residents to return to Canada by a commercial carrier.

Permanent resident holders are entitled to apply for Canadian citizenship after continuously residing in Canada for at least 1,095 days during a 5-year period, presenting a good moral character, filing taxes if required, passing the Canadian Citizenship Test, and swearing an Oath of Citizenship.

Like Canadian passports, all PR cards are issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and are the property of the Canadian Crown and must be returned or destroyed upon request.
Egbert Benson
Egbert Benson (June 21, 1746 – August 24, 1833) was an American lawyer, jurist, politician and Founding Father who represented New York State in the Continental Congress, Annapolis Convention, and United States House of Representatives. He served as a member of the New York constitutional convention in 1788 which ratified the United States Constitution. He also served as the first attorney general of New York, chief justice of the New York Supreme Court, and as the chief United States circuit judge of the United States circuit court for the second circuit.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Nelspoort
Nelspoort is a town located in Beaufort West Local Municipality in the Western Cape, South Africa.

The town of Nelspoort lies at the foot of the Nuweveld Mountains, 50 kilometres north-east of Beaufort West on an old section of the N1 highway. It is nearby to a watercourse, the Salt River, which flows after rains, from the Nuweveld mountains to a seasonal wetland to the south.

N1 (South Africa)
South Africa portal

The N1 is a national route in South Africa that runs from Cape Town through Bloemfontein, Johannesburg, Pretoria and Polokwane to Beit Bridge on the border with Zimbabwe. It forms the first section of the famed Cape to Cairo Road.

Prior to 1970, the N1 designation was applied to the route from Beit Bridge to Colesberg and then along the current N9 to George. The section from Cape Town to Colesberg was designated the N9.
José Manuel Rodríguez Uribes
José Manuel Rodríguez Uribes (born 9 October 1968) is a Spanish philosopher of law and politician of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) who has been serving as Minister of Culture and Sport in the government of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez since 2020. He is also a member of the PSOE's federal executive board.

Rodríguez Uribes was a member of the Assembly of Madrid from 2019 to 2020. He served as Government Delegate in the Community of Madrid between 2018 and 2019.

Government Delegation (Spain)
In Spain, a Government Delegation oversees and supervises all services of the central government and its public agencies (collectively known as the General State Administration) within an Autonomous Community. Effectively, they represent the Government in the territory of an Autonomous Community and ensure the governmental services are coordinated with the administration of the Autonomous Community. Delegations also exercise their role through Sub-Delegations, headquartered in the provinces and Insular Directorates, headquartered in some islands.

Government Delegations were established pursuant Section 154 of the Spanish Constitution. The sub-delegations and insular directorates were established in 1997 to replace the civil governors that existed since the beginning of the 19th century. In total, there are 19 government delegations, 44 sub-delegations and 7 insular directorates. All of them are part of the Ministry of Territorial Policy and Democratic Memory.
Kenji Waki
Kenji Waki (脇 謙二, Waki Kenji; born August 10, 1960) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 9-dan. He is also the senior managing director of the Japan Shogi Association, and has been as such since June 2019.

Japan Shogi Association
The Japan Shogi Association (日本将棋連盟, Nihon Shōgi Renmei), or JSA, is the primary organizing body for professional shogi in Japan. The JSA sets the professional calendar, negotiates sponsorship and media promotion deals, helps organize tournaments and title matches, publishes shogi-related materials, supervises and trains apprentice professionals as well as many other activities.
Radeon R400 series
The R420 GPU, developed by ATI Technologies, was the company's basis for its 3rd-generation DirectX 9.0/OpenGL 2.0-capable graphics cards. Used first on the Radeon X800, the R420 was produced on a 0.13 micrometer (130 nm) low-K photolithography process and used GDDR-3 memory. The chip was designed for AGP graphics cards.

Driver support of this core was discontinued as of Catalyst 9.4, and as a result there is no official Windows 7 support for any of the X700 - X850 products.

GeForce 6 series
The GeForce 6 series (codename NV40) is the sixth generation of Nvidia's GeForce line of graphics processing units. Launched on April 14, 2004, the GeForce 6 family introduced PureVideo post-processing for video, SLI technology, and Shader Model 3.0 support (compliant with Microsoft DirectX 9.0c specification and OpenGL 2.0).
Kseniia Akhanteva
Kseniia Andreyevna Akhanteva (Russian: Ксения Андреевна Ахантьева, born 7 October 2002) is a Russian pair skater. With her former partner, Valerii Kolesov,  she is the 2020 World Junior silver medalist, the 2020 Russian Junior National silver medalist and 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist.

2020 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2020 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held in Tallinn, Estonia on March 2–8, 2020. Figure skaters competed for the title of junior world champion in men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each federation during the 2020–21 ISU Junior Grand Prix series and at the 2021 World Junior Championships.
Trafficante crime family
The Trafficante crime family, also known as the Tampa crime family or the Tampa Mafia, is an Italian American Mafia crime family based in Tampa, Florida. The most notable boss of the family was Santo Trafficante Jr., who ruled Tampa and the crime family with an iron fist. Author Scott Deitche reported that Santo Jr. was involved with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to plot assassination attempts on Cuban leader Fidel Castro. After the death of Santo Jr. in 1987, the Tampa Mafia family has been controlled by Vincent LoScalzo.

CIA assassination attempts on Fidel Castro
The United States' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) made numerous unsuccessful attempts to assassinate Cuban leader Fidel Castro. There were also attempts by Cuban exiles, sometimes in cooperation with the CIA. The 1975 Church Committee claimed eight proven CIA assassination attempts between 1960 and 1965. In 1976, President Gerald Ford issued Executive Order 11905 banning political assassinations. In 2006, Fabián Escalante, former chief of Cuba's intelligence, stated that there had been 634 assassination schemes or attempts. The last known plot to assassinate Castro was by Cuban exiles in 2000.
Narrow-gauge railways in Portugal
Portugal formerly had several hundred kilometres of narrow-gauge railways, but by 2010 only two lines were still in operation – the Vouga line and the Metro de Mirandela. The lines were operated by Comboios de Portugal and maintained by REFER (or the predecessor CP).

Metro de Mirandela
The Metropolitano Ligeiro de Mirandela or simply Metro de Mirandela was a metre gauge suburban rail service in Mirandela Municipality, northern Portugal. The service was closed on 14 December 2018.

During the day, trains ran with frequencies between of 26–160 minutes, operating between 7:45 to just past 18:00.

The service was operated between Carvalhais and Mirandela by two Série 9500 (LRV2000) diesel railcars.
Court leet
The court leet (Latin: curia leta, curia magna, curia cum visu franciplegii, lit. 'court leet, great court, court within sight of frankpledge') was a historical court baron (a type of manorial court) of England and Wales and Ireland that exercised the "view of frankpledge" and its attendant police jurisdiction, which was normally restricted to the hundred courts.

Frankpledge
Frankpledge was a system of joint suretyship common in England throughout the Early Middle Ages and High Middle Ages. The essential characteristic was the compulsory sharing of responsibility among persons connected in tithings.  This unit, under a leader known as the chief-pledge or tithing-man, was then responsible for producing any man of that tithing suspected of a crime. If the man did not appear, the entire group could be fined.

While women, clergy, and the richer freemen were exempt, otherwise all men over 12 years of age were organised in the system for mutual surety.
Delta-functor
In homological algebra, a δ-functor between two abelian categories A and B is a collection of functors from A to B together with a collection of morphisms that satisfy properties generalising those of derived functors. A universal δ-functor is a δ-functor satisfying a specific universal property related to extending morphisms beyond "degree 0". These notions were introduced by Alexander Grothendieck in his "Tohoku paper" to provide an appropriate setting for derived functors. In particular, derived functors are universal δ-functors.

The terms homological δ-functor and cohomological δ-functor are sometimes used to distinguish between the case where the morphisms "go down" (homological) and the case where they "go up" (cohomological). In particular, one of these modifiers is always implicit, although often left unstated.

Functor
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a functor is a mapping between categories.  Functors were first considered in algebraic topology, where algebraic objects (such as the fundamental group) are associated to topological spaces, and maps between these algebraic objects are associated to continuous maps between spaces.   Nowadays, functors are used throughout modern mathematics to relate various categories. Thus, functors are important in every area of mathematics where category theory is applied.

The words category and functor were borrowed by mathematicians from the philosophers Aristotle and Rudolf Carnap, respectively.  The latter used functor in a linguistic context;
see function word.