hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tactile corpuscle
Tactile corpuscles or Meissner's corpuscles are a type of mechanoreceptor discovered by anatomist Georg Meissner (1829–1905) and Rudolf Wagner. This corpuscle is a type of nerve ending in the skin that is responsible for sensitivity to pressure. In particular, they have their highest sensitivity (lowest threshold) when sensing vibrations between 10 and 50 hertz. They are rapidly adaptive receptors. They are most concentrated in thick hairless skin, especially at the finger pads.

Sensory neuron
Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are in the nervous system which convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded receptor potentials. This process is called sensory transduction. The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord.

The sensory information travels on the  afferent nerve fibers in a sensory nerve, to the brain via the spinal cord. Spinal nerves transmit external sensations via sensory nerves to the brain through the spinal cord. The stimulus can come from exteroreceptors outside the body, or interoreceptors inside the body.
Yellow Creek (Illinois)
Yellow Creek is a tributary of the Pecatonica River in Stephenson County, in the US state of Illinois. The 50-mile (80 km) stream also flows through a small part of Jo Daviess County. The waters of Yellow Creek were assessed for water quality in 1996, with 28 miles (45 km) being listed as "fair" and 22 miles (35 km) being listed as "good". During the 1832 Black Hawk War, the Battle of Waddams Grove was fought along Yellow Creek.

Pecatonica River
The Pecatonica River is a tributary of the Rock River, 194 miles (312 km) long, in southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois in the United States.

The word Pecatonica is an anglicization of two Algonquian language words: Bekaa (or Pekaa in some dialects), which means "slow", and niba, which means "water", forming the conjunction Bekaaniba or "Slow Water".

It rises in the hills of southwest Wisconsin, in southwest Iowa County, 2 miles (3 km) west of Cobb. It flows south, then southeast, past Calamine and Darlington. In southeast Lafayette County it receives the East Branch Pecatonica River, approximately 8 miles (13 km) north of the state line. It flows south-southeast into Illinois, past Freeport, where it turns east, then east-northeast, receiving the Sugar River near Shirland in northern Winnebago County, 5 miles (8 km) south of the state line. It joins the Rock at Rockton, approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of Rockford.
Caw Fell
Caw Fell is a fell in the English Lake District, standing between Haycock the Lank Rigg group. It occupies a wide upland area with Ennerdale to the north and Blengdale to the south. Caw Fell is distant from any point of access by Lakeland standards, but can be climbed from Blengdale or Bowness Knott car-parks.

Ennerdale Water
Ennerdale Water is the most westerly lake in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. It is a glacial lake, with a maximum depth of 150 feet (46 metres), and is 1⁄2 to 1 mile (800 to 1,600 m) wide and 2+1⁄2 miles (4.0 kilometres) long.

The lake lies in the eponymous valley of Ennerdale, surrounded by some of the highest and best-known fells in Cumbria including: Great Gable (899 m), Green Gable, Brandreth, High Crag, Steeple and Pillar.
To the west of the lake lies the hamlet of Ennerdale Bridge, consisting of two pubs and a few houses. It is close to the port of Whitehaven.
Robert E. Rodes
Robert Emmett (or Emmet) Rodes (March 29, 1829 – September 19, 1864) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, and the first of Robert E. Lee's divisional commanders not trained at West Point. His division led Stonewall Jackson's devastating surprise attack at the Battle of Chancellorsville; Jackson, on his deathbed, recommended that Rodes be promoted to major general. Rodes then served in the corps of Richard S. Ewell at the Battle of Gettysburg and in the Overland Campaign, before that corps was sent to the Shenandoah Valley under Jubal Early, where Rodes was killed at the Third Battle of Winchester.

Richard S. Ewell
Richard Stoddert Ewell (February 8, 1817 – January 25, 1872) was an American military officer and a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He achieved fame as a senior commander under Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee and fought effectively through much of the war. Still, his legacy was clouded by controversies over his actions at the Battle of Gettysburg and the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.
Mohammad-Ali Asghari
Mohammad Ali Asghari (Persian: محمدعلی عسگری, born 3 March 1954) is an Iranian football administrator, who was the chairman of the Zob Ahan FC from 23 August 2011 to 13 September 2013. He was vice chairman of the club from 2009 to 2011.

Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C.
Zob Ahan Esfahan Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فرهنگى ورزشى ذوب‌آهن اصفهان, Bâšgâh-e Futbâl-e Zobâhan-e Esfahân) is an Iranian football club based in Fuladshahr, Iran. It competes in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
The team is sponsored by the Isfahan Steel Company, which also goes by the name Zob Ahan. The club's main rival is fellow Isfahani team Sepahan, which is sponsored by the rival steel mill Mobarakeh Steel Company.

Zob Ahan club also has a basketball team, sponsored by the same Isfahan Steel Company, which is one of the teams in the Iranian Super League.

In the 2010 AFC Champions League. Zob Ahan finished as runners-up losing 3–1 to South Korean club Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma in the final.

Zob Ahan has won the Hazfi Cup on four occasions (2002–03, 2008–09, 2014–15 and 2015–16) and have finished as runners-up one time (2000–01). The club has also finished as League runners-up three times (2004–05, 2008–09 and 2009–10) and has won the Iranian Super Cup once (2016).
Prestosuchus
Prestosuchus (meaning "Prestes crocodile") is an extinct genus of pseudosuchian in the group Loricata, which also includes Saurosuchus and Postosuchus. It has historically been referred to as a "rauisuchian", and was the defining member of the family Prestosuchidae, though the validity of both of these groups is questionable: Rauisuchia is now considered paraphyletic and Prestosuchidae is polyphyletic in its widest form.

Saurosuchus
Saurosuchus (meaning "lizard crocodile") is an extinct genus of large loricatan pseudosuchian archosaurs that lived in South America during the Late Triassic period. It was a heavy, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal carnivore, likely being the apex predator in the Ischigualasto Formation.
Al-Isra, 26
This is a sub-article to Al-Isra.

Qur'an 17:26 (also notated Al-Isra, 26) is the twenty-sixth verse of Al-Isra, the seventeenth chapter of the Qur'an, which relates to the controversies of the land of Fadak in modern-day Saudi Arabia.

The verse is also known as the Verse of Dhul Qurba

Al-Isra'
Al-Isra' (Arabic: الإسراء, lit. 'The Night Journey'), is the 17th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 111 verses (āyāt). The word Isra' refers to the Night Journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and about the Children of Israel. This surāh is part of a series of al-Musabbihat surahs because it begins with the glorification of God.

Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is traditionally believed to be a Meccan surah, from the second Meccan period (615-619).
2012 Úrvalsdeild
The 2012 Úrvalsdeild (also known as the "Pepsi-deild" for sponsorship reasons) is the 101st season of top-tier football in Iceland. The season began on 6 May 2012 and concluded 29 September 2012. The league was won by FH, the club's sixth Icelandic league title, while defending champions KR finished as runners-up, some 13 points behind FH. At the other end of the table, Grindavík and Selfoss ended the campaign in the bottom two and were thereby relegated to the 2013 1. deild karla.

2011 Úrvalsdeild
The 2011 Úrvalsdeild (also known as the "Pepsi deild" for sponsorship reasons) is the 100th season of top-tier football in Iceland.The season began on 2 May 2011 and concluded on 1 October 2011. Breiðablik are the defending champions, having won their first league championship.
Trite auricoma
Trite auricoma, commonly known as the golden-brown jumping spider, is a species of jumping spider endemic to New Zealand. It was first described in 1886 by Arthur Urquhart and has undergone numerous revisions. They can reach up to 8.8 mm (0.35 in) in length and the males have a yellow clypeal band that resembles a mustache. They are common and widely distributed throughout New Zealand, where they often live in Phormium and Cordyline vegetation. They are carnivores that actively hunt their prey and can be selective about what they chose to eat. Their hunting behaviour can be broken down into three phases: orientation, pursuits and capture. After hatching from eggs, they remain in the eggsac for a time until they moult into their second instar. T. auricoma are also a host of spider hunting wasps, such as Priocnemis, which paralyses and feeds the spider to its larvae. Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, the species is categorised as "Not Threatened".

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Up0-interface
For digital transmission, the Up0-Interface is an integrated services digital network (ISDN) interface used in private networks. It is derived from the UK0-Interface used in public networks.

In public networks, the maximum cable length of an U bus is between 4 and 8 km, and the maximum length of an S0-bus is 900 meters for Point-to-Point configuration and about 150-300m for point-to-multipoint configurations. The Up0-bus has, depending on cable quality, a reach of between 2 and 4 km, far more than the S0-bus. This allows the use of ISDN telephone equipment in large private networks. Unlike the S0-bus, the Up0-bus runs at half duplex; that is, both sides alternate in sending and receiving.

While the S0-bus allows for several ISDN device connections (up to 8), the Up0-bus can connect only two devices, one at each end of the cable.

S interface
The S interface or S reference point, also known  as S0, is a user–network interface reference point in an ISDN BRI environment, characterized by a four-wire circuit using  144 kbit/s (2 bearer and 1 signaling channel; 2B+D) user rate.

The S interface is the connection between ISDN terminal equipment (TE) or terminal adapters (TAs) and an NT1 (network terminator, type 1.) Not all TE or TAs connect externally to an S interface, but instead integrate an NT1 so they can connect directly to a U interface (local loop from central office.)

Contrast to the T interface, which connects between an NT2 (PBX or other local switching device) and NT1. However, the S interface is electrically equivalent to the T interface, and the two are jointly referred to as the S/T interface.

The S interface operates at 4000 48-bit frames per second; i.e., 192 kbit/s, with a user portion of 36 bits per frame; i.e., 144 kbit/s.
Irene Dushmani
Irene Dushmani (Albanian: Jerina Dushmani) was a 15th century Albanian Princess of the Dushmani family that ruled over the north-western part of the country. Her father was Prince Lekë Dushmani, the Lord of Zadrima and a participant of the League of Lezhë. The Albanian princes Lekë Dukagjini and Lekë Zaharia Altisferi would enter a feud with one another over her hand in marriage among other quarrels.

Lekë Zaharia
Lekë Zaharia Altisferi, or simply Lekë Zaharia (d. 1444), was an Albanian nobleman from the Zaharia family. Lekë ruled over the towns of Danjë and Shati in the Zadrima region of northern Albania, initially as an Ottoman vassal before later aligning himself with the Republic of Venice. In 1444, he became one of the founding members of the League of Lezhë, joining other Albanian princes under the leadership of Skanderbeg in their resistance against Ottoman expansion. Zaharia was killed later that same year in a feud with his vassal Nikollë Dukagjini, an event that sparked a wider conflict between Skanderbeg and the Republic of Venice.
Watford North railway station
Watford North railway station is a National Rail station which serves the North Watford area in Hertfordshire, England in the United Kingdom. It is the first station on the Abbey Line,  a single-track branch line which runs from Watford Junction to St Albans Abbey and is located approximately 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) north east of Watford Junction. It is adjacent to a level crossing where the Abbey Line crosses Bushey Mill Lane.

Watford North is one of three railway stations in the central Watford area and is operated as an unstaffed railway halt. The Abbey Line service is known locally as the "Abbey Flyer".

St Albans Abbey railway station
St Albans Abbey is one of two railway stations in St Albans, Hertfordshire, England; the other being the busier, much larger and a decade younger St Albans City. It is located about 0.6 miles (1 km) south of the city centre, in the St Stephen's area. It is the terminus of the Abbey Line from Watford Junction, with services operated by London Northwestern Railway.

The unstaffed station consists of a single open-air platform and a car park. Improvement works were carried out in 2008. It was the second UK railway station to receive a Harrington Hump to improve accessibility.
Sammy's Pizza
Sammy's Pizza & Restaurant  is a regional restaurant brand. It was founded in 1954 in Hibbing, Minnesota, United States.

There are currently 14 affiliated Sammy's Pizza locations, each is independently owned by a member or close relative of the Perrella Family.

Hibbing, Minnesota
Hibbing is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 16,214 at the 2020 census. The city was built on mining the rich iron ore of the Mesabi Iron Range and still relies on that industry today. At the edge of town is the world's largest open-pit iron mine, the Hull–Rust–Mahoning Open Pit Iron Mine.

Hibbing's main routes are U.S. Highway 169, State Highway 37, State Highway 73, Howard Street, and 1st Avenue. It is about 59 miles (95 km) northwest of Duluth, Minnesota.
Haji Abdul Qadeer
Hajji Abdul Qadeer (Pashto: حاجی عبدالقدیر; c. 1951 – 6 July 2002) was an Afghan politician and prominent Northern Alliance leader who fought the Taliban during the Third Afghan Civil War. Originally a commander of the Hezb-i Islami Khalis faction during the Soviet–Afghan War, he then served as governor of Nangarhar Province, the head of the Eastern Afghanistan Shura, and later Vice President of Afghanistan and Minister of Public Works in the administration of Hamid Karzai from 19 June 2002 until his assassination on 6 July 2002. He was the older brother of fellow anti-Soviet and Northern Alliance commander Abdul Haq, who was assassinated in late 2001 by the Taliban.

Vice President of Afghanistan
The vice president of Afghanistan was the second highest political position attainable in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The vice presidents were elected on the same ticket as the president. A presidential candidate was responsible for nominating two candidates for vice president before the election.

Although Sardar Mohammad Dawood Khan was the founder of the Republic in Afghanistan and the first president of Afghanistan; however, the position of Vice president was, for the first time, created in Afghanistan by King Amanullah Khan when he declared a constitutional monarchy in 1926 and established the position of "Yawar" (later " Deputy") and appointed Mahmoud Khan Shaghasi as the "First Deputy Assistant" (later "Vice president") as the first appointee of this position.
John Calhoun (publisher)
John Calhoun (April 14, 1808 – February 20, 1859) was an American publisher and politician from New York. Originally a student of carpentry, Calhoun learned the publishing trade in his hometown of Watertown, New York. After hearing about Chicago from a local, he moved there in 1833. Calhoun established the first paper in Chicago, the Chicago Democrat, which was first issued on November 26, 1833. Calhoun held a monopoly on the trade in Chicago until 1835; the next year he sold it to Long John Wentworth. Later in his life, Calhoun served a number of city and county political positions, including a seat on the Chicago City Council.

John Wentworth (Illinois politician)
John Wentworth (March 5, 1815 – October 16, 1888), was the editor of the Chicago Democrat, publisher of an extensive Wentworth family genealogy, a two-term mayor of Chicago, and a six-term member of the United States House of Representatives (serving tenured in that body both before and after his service as mayor).

After growing up in New Hampshire, he joined the migration west and moved to the developing city of Chicago in 1836, where he made his adult life. Wentworth was affiliated with the Democratic Party until 1855; then he changed to the Republican Party. After retiring from politics, he wrote a three-volume genealogy of the Wentworth family in the United States.

A 1994 survey of experts on Chicago politics assessed Wentworth as one of the ten best mayors in the city's history (up to that time).
Brood comb
The brood comb is the beeswax structure of cells where the queen bee lays eggs. It is the part of the beehive where a new brood is raised by the colony. During the summer season, a typical queen may lay 1500-2000 eggs per day, which results in 1500-2000 bees hatching after the three-week development period.

The brood comb is usually found in the lower part of the beehive, while the honeycomb may surround the brood area and is found exclusively in the honey supers. When a queen does not have enough brood comb to lay eggs, usually due to congestion from pollen or honey, the bee colony may be more prone to swarm.

Queen bee
A queen bee is typically an adult, mated female (gyne) that lives in a colony or hive of honey bees. With fully developed reproductive organs, the queen is usually the mother of most, if not all, of the bees in the beehive. Queens are developed from larvae selected by worker bees and specially fed in order to become sexually mature. There is normally only one adult, mated queen in a hive, in which case the bees will usually follow and fiercely protect her.

The term "queen bee" can be more generally applied to any dominant reproductive female in a colony of a eusocial bee species other than honey bees. However, as in the Brazilian stingless bee (Schwarziana quadripunctata), a single nest may have multiple queens or even dwarf queens, ready to replace a dominant queen in case of a sudden death.
Ian Gardiner (musician)
Ian L. Gardiner (born December 4, 1952, in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a bass player (jazz, rock, blues). He has played with Burton Cummings, formerly of the Guess Who ("American Woman", "No Time", "Undun", "Stand Tall"), Lenny Breau, Makanda Ken McIntyre, Randy Bachman and many other musicians. He's produced Bo Diddley, The Bonedaddys and The Delphines; engineered Supertramp and The Knack, and more. Since 1996, he designs and manufactures custom pro audio gear and recording consoles, as the founder of Boutique Audio & Design and co-founder of Tree Audio, located in Los Angeles, California.

Lenny Breau
Leonard Harold Breau (August 5, 1941 – August 12, 1984) was an American-Canadian guitarist. He blended many styles of music, including jazz, country, classical, and flamenco. Inspired by country guitarists like Chet Atkins, Breau used fingerstyle techniques not often used in jazz guitar. By using a seven-string guitar and approaching the guitar like a piano, he opened up possibilities for the instrument.
Coreorgonel
Coreorgonel was an 18th-century Native American village in what is now Tompkins County, New York. The name has been translated as "Where we keep the pipe of peace."

In the mid 18th century, a group of Tutelo, a Siouan-speaking people, migrated north from their homelands in Virginia to seek the protection of their former enemies, the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois). The Cayuga adopted the Tutelo and a related tribe, the Saponi, in 1753. The Tutelo built the village of Coreorgonel with about 25 to 30 homes, near the present-day junction of state routes 13 and 13A along the Cayuga Inlet, just south of Ithaca.

In 1779, a detachment of the Sullivan-Clinton Expedition under Colonel Henry Dearborn, tasked with wiping out Native opposition to the American Revolution, burned the village and displaced the inhabitants. Many of the survivors fled north to Canada with the Cayuga. The site is now the location of Ithaca's Tutelo Park.

Cayuga people
The Cayuga (Cayuga: Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫʼ, "People of the Great Swamp") are one of the five original constituents of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), a confederacy of Native Americans in New York.  The Cayuga homeland lies in the Finger Lakes region along Cayuga Lake, between their league neighbors, the Onondaga to the east and the Seneca to the west. Today, Cayuga people belong to the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation in Ontario, and the federally recognized Cayuga Nation of New York and the Seneca-Cayuga Nation of Oklahoma.
Punisher (album)
Punisher is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Phoebe Bridgers, released on June 18, 2020, by Dead Oceans. It is the follow-up to her 2017 debut album, Stranger in the Alps.

Punisher was recorded over a year and a half period at Sound City Studios in Los Angeles and reunited Bridgers with producers Tony Berg and Ethan Gruska, who also engineered Alps. Its recording process was collaborative with its liner notes crediting over two dozen prominent musicians, including Julien Baker, Lucy Dacus, Christian Lee Hutson, Jim Keltner, Blake Mills, and Conor Oberst. Punisher was supported by five singles "Garden Song", "Kyoto", "ICU", "I Know the End" and "Savior Complex". Upon its release, the album attracted acclaim from music critics, who celebrated its open lyricism.

Stranger in the Alps
Stranger in the Alps is the debut studio album by American musician Phoebe Bridgers, released on September 22, 2017 by Dead Oceans.

According to Loudwire, lyrics for the single "Motion Sickness" were among the most-searched in the indie rock genre according to a study that examined Google searches from January 2019 through July 2023.
Sydney Nicholls
Sydney Herbert Nicholls (29 May 1868 – 24 November 1946) was an English-born dual code rugby forward who played club rugby under the union code for Cardiff, and in his later years league rugby with Hull F.C. Nicholls won four caps for Wales, and was part of the Welsh team that beat the first touring Southern Hemisphere team the New Zealand Natives. He was the elder brother of Wales rugby legend Gwyn Nicholls, and his son Jack Nicholls was a Welsh international footballer.

Gwyn Nicholls
Erith Gwyn Nicholls (15 July 1874 – 24 March 1939) was a Welsh rugby union player who gained 24 caps for Wales as a centre. Nicholls was known as the "Prince of Threequarters".

Born in Westbury-on-Severn, Nicholls started his rugby career with Cardiff Star before playing in the Cardiff first team from 1893. He spent all his playing career with Cardiff, playing 18 seasons for them, apart from half a season with Newport in 1901/2 when he began a laundry business there with fellow Welsh international Bert Winfield. He captained Cardiff for four seasons; 1898/9 through to 1900/1 and again in 1903/04.