hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grand Rapids, Indiana and Mackinaw Railroad
The Grand Rapids, Indiana and Mackinaw Railroad was a railroad company in the United States. It was incorporated in 1881 to extend the main line of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad north from Little Traverse Bay to the Straits of Mackinac. The line opened in 1882. The company was consolidated with the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad in 1884. The line passed through the Pennsylvania Railroad to Penn Central and was subsequently abandoned in 1992.

Penn Central Transportation Company
The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American class I railroad that operated from 1968 to 1976. Penn Central combined three traditional corporate rivals (the Pennsylvania, New York Central and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads), each of which were united by large-scale service into the New York metropolitan area and to a lesser extent New England and Chicago.

Barely two years after its formation, the new company failed, representing the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history at the time. Penn Central's railroad assets were subsequently nationalized into Conrail along with those of other bankrupt northeastern railroads; its real estate and insurance holdings successfully reorganized into American Premier Underwriters.
History of the Tumbuka people
History of the Tumbuka people covers the origins, political development, culture, and modern transformations of the Tumbuka people, one of the major Bantu-speaking ethnic groups of Malawi, Zambia, southwestern Tanzania and Zimbabwe. The Tumbuka are known for their cultural heritage, kinship systems, and the historical Nkhamanga Kingdom and Chikulamayembe dynasty that once united the northern region of Malawi.

Nyakyusa people
The Nyakyusa (also called the Sokile, Ngone or Nkone; Swahili: Wanyakyusa) are a Bantu ethnolinguistic group who live in the mountains of southern Mbeya Region of Tanzania and the Northern Region of Malawi. They speak the Nyakyusa language, a member of the Bantu language family. In 1993, the Nyakyusa population was estimated to be 1,050,000, with 750,000 living in Tanzania. The Nyakyusa are colonising people where success and survival depended on individual effort.

Historically, they were called the 'Ngone' below the Songwe River in British Nyasaland, and 'Nyakyusa' above the river in German territory.  The two groups were identical in language and culture, so much so that the Germans referred to the Nyakyusa region above the Songwe River and people as 'Kone', at least until 1935.
Gheorghe Ghidirim
Gheorghe Ghidirim (born 22 April 1939) is a physician from Moldova and a former Health Minister of Moldova in Mircea Druc Cabinet.

He is a member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, university professor and Head of “Nicolae Anestiadi” Surgery Chair Nicolae Testemiţanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Gheorghe Ghidirim is the President of Moldovan Surgeons Associations, coordinating-academician of the Health Sciences Section, Editor of Sciences Academy’s Bulletin.

He is a leader of the Democratic Forum of Romanians in Moldova.

Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy
The Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy (USMF; Romanian: Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie „Nicolae Testemițanu”) is a medical university located in Chișinău, Moldova. The institution began its activity in 1945. It is named after Nicolae Testemițanu.
Tregonning Hill
Tregonning Hill is the westerly of two granite hills overlooking Mount's Bay in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, the other being Godolphin Hill. They are approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west of the town of Helston. The Plymouth chemist William Cookworthy mixed china stone with kaolin, mined from the hill to make Plymouth porcelain in 1768; which was the first time hard-paste porcelain was made in Britain. Part of the hill is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and at the date of notification (1994) was the only known site of western rustwort (Marsupella profunda) in Great Britain.

In July 2023 the hill was listed by Estate Agents for £150,000 and bought by the Cornwall Heritage Trust in November.

Helston
Helston (Cornish: Hellys) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at the northern end of the Lizard Peninsula approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of Penzance and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Falmouth. Helston is the most southerly town on the island of Great Britain and is around 1+1⁄2 miles (2.5 kilometres) farther south than Penzance. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 11,611 and the population of the built up area was 11,360.

The former stannary and cattle market town is best known for the annual Furry Dance (known locally as the Flora Dance), said to originate from the medieval period. However, the Hal-an-Tow is reputed to be of Celtic origin. The associated song and music, The Floral Dance, is known to have been written in 1911. In 2001, the town celebrated the 800th anniversary of the granting of its Charter.
Submarine aircraft carriers of Japan
Submarine aircraft carriers were developed by the Imperial Japanese Navy to a greater extent than any other navy, before and during World War II. In total, 42 were built, as listed below (other sources say 47). Although other navies had experimented with submarine aircraft carriers, by World War II the IJN was the only navy (aside from one fielded by the French Navy) using them. They had little effect on the war, although two were used to carry out attacks (only one air raid) on the continental United States.

They almost all carried a single floatplane for reconnaissance only, being either the Watanabe E9W, Yokosuka E6Y, or Yokosuka E14Y.
The only exceptions being the Junsen Type A Mod.2 and Type Sentoku, who carried respectively two or three Aichi M6A Seiran bomber.
All apart from the first (I-5) had a fixed catapult and hangar or hangars, generally on the forward deck.

Type A Mod.2 submarine
The Type A Kai 2 (A Modified 2) submarine (巡潜甲型改二潜水艦, Junsen kō-gata kai-ni sensuikan, "Cruiser submarine type A modified 2"), also called I-13-class submarine (伊一三型潜水艦, I-jū-san-gata sensuikan) was a pair of large, aircraft-carrying cruiser submarines built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II.
Loyalty business model
The loyalty business model is a business model used in strategic management in which a company's resources are employed so as to increase the loyalty of customers and other stakeholders in the expectation that corporate objectives will be met or surpassed. A typical example of this type of model is where quality of product or service leads to customer satisfaction, which leads to customer loyalty, which leads to profitability.

Brand loyalty
In marketing and consumer behaviour, brand loyalty refers to a consumer’s consistent preference for a particular brand and their commitment to repeatedly purchasing its products or services despite competing alternatives, market changes, or product shortcomings. It may also be reflected in behaviors such as positive word-of-mouth advocacy.

Corporate brand loyalty describes a pattern in which consumers repeatedly purchase products from the same manufacturer rather than switching to competitors. In business-to-business contexts, a similar concept is sometimes referred to as source loyalty.

Brand loyalty implies an attitudinal commitment and should be distinguished from habitual purchasing, which may occur without emotional attachment or deliberate preference.

Organizations whose financial performance and ethical positioning rely significantly on maintaining strong customer loyalty are sometimes described as operating under a loyalty-driven business model.
Harry Mitchell (brewer)
Captain Henry Mitchell Jr. (1862–1894) was the managing director of a brewery company co-founded by his father Henry Mitchell. He was also superintendent of the fire brigade at the company's Cape Hill brewery, and a captain in the Smethwick Rifle Volunteers.

He founded a brewery football team, Mitchells St George's, later Birmingham St George's F.C.

Harry was born on 11 September 1862, in Smethwick (then part of Staffordshire), and died from typhoid at the age of just 32.

Smethwick
Smethwick (/ˈsmɛðɪk/) is an industrial town in the Sandwell district, in the county of the West Midlands, England. It lies 4 miles (6 km) west of Birmingham city centre. Historically it was in Staffordshire and then Worcestershire before being placed into West Midlands county.

In 2019, the ward of Smethwick had an estimated population of 15,246, while the wider built-up area subdivision has a population of 53,653.
Athi River (town)
Athi River is a town outside Nairobi, Kenya in Machakos County. The town is named after the Athi River, which passes through. It is also known as Mavoko.

Athi River hosts the Mavoko Municipal Council and is the headquarters of Mavoko division, which is part of Machakos County. The town's population is 81,302 (2019 census), and it is still growing due to its proximity to the Kenyan capital city of Nairobi.

Machakos County
Machakos County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya, which came into being as part of the devolved system of governance occasioned by the 2010 constitution of Kenya. The county's administrative headquarters are in Machakos Town, which is the largest town in the county. The county had a population of 1,421,932 as of 2019. The county borders Nairobi and Kiambu counties to the west, Embu to the north, Kitui to the east, Makueni to the south, Kajiado to the south west, and Murang'a and Kirinyaga to the north west.
Abdul Hamid (soldier)
Company Quartermaster Havildar Abdul Hamid PVC (1 July 1933 – 10 September 1965), was an Indian soldier. He was posthumously given India's highest military decoration, the Param Vir Chakra, for his actions during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Hamid joined the army in December 1954, and was posted to the 4th Battalion of the Grenadiers regiment. During the Sino-Indian War, his battalion participated in the battle of Namka Chu against the Chinese People's Liberation Army. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the 4 Grenadiers battalion was entrusted with a vital position before the village of Chima on the Khem Karan–Bhikhiwind line. At the Battle of Asal Uttar on 9–10 September 1965, Hamid destroyed eight Pakistani tanks and was killed in action while destroying the ninth tank.

Namka Chu
The Namka Chu or Kejielang River (Chinese: 克节朗河; pinyin: Kè jié láng hé)
is a tributary of Nyamjang Chu that flows along the disputed border between India and China. The Indian side of the border is the Tawang district in Arunachal Pradesh. The Tibetan side of the border is in Tsona Dzong, Shannan province of Tibet. Namka Chu  originates near the trijunction of Tibet, Bhutan and India and flows east for 26 km before joining Nyamjang Chu. It is about 200 kilometers away from the Misamari railhead and 60 kilometers from the Tawang road head. The Namka Chu valley was the scene of some of the most fierce fighting during the 1962 Sino-Indian war.
Hugo Schiltz
Hugo Schiltz (27 October 1927 – 5 August 2006) was a Belgian lawyer and politician. He was Belgian MP from 1965 to 1988 and senator from 1992 to 1995. He was also twice minister, from 1981 to 1985 in the first Flemish Government and between 1988 and 1991 in the Belgian federal government Martens VIII. He was further president of the Flemish political party Volksunie between 1975 and 1979.

He was one of the founders of federalism in Belgium. After the dissolution of the Volksunie, he chose the new party Spirit.

Sociaal-Liberale Partij
Sociaal-Liberale Partij (Dutch pronunciation: [soːˈɕaːlibəˌraːlə pɑrˈtɛi] ⓘ, abbr. SLP; Dutch for Social Liberal Party) was a Belgian Flemish political party formed after dissolution of the moderate nationalist People's Union (Volksunie) party. Prior to 19 April 2008 it was known as Spirit, and intermediately as Flemish Progressives (VlaamsProgressieven). The party merged with Groen in the end of 2009, ceasing to exist.
PKP class SP45
SP45 (prototype 301Da, current type 301Db, Lebanese type 301Dc) is a Polish standard gauge mainline passenger diesel locomotive built by H. Cegielski in Poznań from 1970 to 1976, they were intended for operating express and local trains on non-electrified railway lines around Poland. The third locomotive type 301Dc was built for Lebanese Railways in Lebanon.

H. Cegielski – Poznań
H. Cegielski – Poznań S.A. is a Polish manufacturing company from the city of Poznań. The company is locally known as Ceglorz, and since 1923 has also used the HCP symbol. After the fall of communism, Cegielski became a joint stock company. Currently it has several international certificates (ISO 9001, ISO 14001). In 1994 it received a Golden Medal during the Poznań International Fair.

HCP is part of Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa SA.
Berachampa
Berachampa (also known as Berachanpa) is a census town in the Deganga CD block in the Barasat Sadar subdivision in the Deganga CD block of the North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

North 24 Parganas district
North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east.  Barasat is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.
Fionn Regan
Fionn Regan (born 1981) is an Irish folk musician and singer-songwriter. Born and raised in Bray, Regan came to prominence with the release of his debut studio album, The End of History in 2006. He had been releasing extended plays for six years on independent record labels prior to the album's release. Regan's second studio album, The Shadow of an Empire was released in 2010 to positive reviews and his third studio album, 100 Acres of Sycamore, was released in 2011. His fourth studio album, The Bunkhouse Vol. 1: Anchor Black Tattoo, was released in 2012.

Among the accolades Regan has received nominations for the Choice Music Prize in Ireland, the Mercury Prize in the United Kingdom and the Shortlist Music Prize in the United States. Regan has cited Bob Dylan and Neil Young as influences on his music and has been referred to by Lucinda Williams as "his generation's answer to Bob Dylan".

Mercury Prize
The Mercury Prize, formerly called the Mercury Music Prize, is an annual music prize awarded for the best album released by a musical act from the United Kingdom or Ireland. It was created by Jon Webster and Robert Chandler in association with the British Phonographic Industry and British Association of Record Dealers in 1992 as an alternative to the Brit Awards.
Peewee Jarrett
Byron "Peewee" Jarrett Jr. (born October 12, 1999) is an American former professional football quarterback. He played college football for the Ellsworth Panthers, Iowa Central Tritons, and West Florida Argonauts.

Ellsworth Community College
Ellsworth Community College is a public community college in Iowa Falls, Iowa.  It was founded as Ellsworth College in 1890 by Eugene S. Ellsworth.  Originally a private business academy, it later became a four-year college, a music conservatory, and a public junior college before being absorbed into the Iowa Valley Community College District in 1968.
Arthur Morrell (Royal Navy officer)
Captain Arthur Fleming Morrell (10 November 1788 – 13 September 1880) was a British officer of the Royal Navy, an explorer, and Commandant of Ascension Island, who saw service spanning the end of the Napoleonic era and well into the Victorian era.

Governor of Ascension
The Governor of Ascension is the representative of the monarch in Ascension Island, a constituent part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. He is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government, his role is to act as the de facto head of state.

Prior to 2009, Ascension Island was a dependency of Saint Helena and therefore directly represented by the Governor of Saint Helena. The St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009 made Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and Tristan da Cunha, equal constituent parts of the territory with their own governments and established the position of Governor of Ascension.
Muhammad bin Tughluq (play)
Muhammad bin Tughluq is a 1968 Indian Tamil-language political satire play written by Cho Ramaswamy. Cho also plays the titular character, portraying him and the Indian political and social affairs in a sarcastic and humorous way. The play first premiered in 1968 and opened to instant success. Thereafter, with only a few changes in 1969, the play was enacted without any changes in respect of cast, dialogues, characters, costumes, settings etc. until present day. The play ran continually for a number of performances, whose success kindled a film of the same title in 1971.

The play ran continually well into the late 2000s, after which Cho and his team could not continue, due to the former's aging. The drama was released in DVD in Chennai and perhaps in other cities of Tamil Nadu.

Cho Ramaswamy
Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy, better known as Cho Ramaswamy (5 October 1934 – 7 December 2016), was an Indian actor, comedian, editor, political commentator, satirist, playwright, film director and lawyer from Tamil Nadu. He was a popular comedian in the 1960s and 1970s, and had acted with all the top stars in that period.
Lewis Charnock
Lewis Charnock (born 2 September 1994) is an English former rugby league footballer who last played as a stand-off, scrum-half or hooker for the Swinton Lions in the RFL League 1. He has previously played for Oldham Roughyeds in the Championship and for St. Helens in the Super League.
Upon retirement from playing, he joined the coaching staff of Woolston Rovers Community Club in December 2022.

Swinton Lions
The Swinton Lions are a professional rugby league club based in Swinton, Greater Manchester, England, which competes in the RFL Championship. The club has won the Championship six times and three Challenge Cups. Before 1996, the club was known simply as Swinton RLFC.
Lorraine McNamara
Lorraine McNamara (born February 18, 1999) is an American ice dancer. With her skating partner, Anton Spiridonov, she is the 2023 World University Games silver medalist and 2022 CS U.S. Classic bronze medalist.

With her former partner, Quinn Carpenter, she is the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki bronze medalist, a three-time silver medalist on the ISU Challenger Series, and the 2019 U.S. national pewter medalist. Earlier in their career, they became the 2016 World Junior champions, the 2015 JGP Final champions, and two-time U.S. national junior champions.

2019 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2019 U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held from January 18–27, 2019, at the Little Caesars Arena in Detroit, Michigan. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, novice, intermediate, and juvenile levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2019 Four Continents Championships, 2019 World Junior Championships, and the 2019 World Championships.

Detroit was announced as the host in November 2017.
Mexer
Edson André Sitoe (born 8 September 1988), known as Mexer, is a Mozambican professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for TFF 1. Lig club Ankara Keçiörengücü and the Mozambique national team.

Brought to Europe by Sporting CP in 2010, he played 110 Primeira Liga games for Olhanense, Nacional and Estoril. He also spent several years in the French Ligue 1, making 164 appearances for Rennes and Bordeaux and winning the Coupe de France with the former in 2019.

A full international for Mozambique with over 75 caps since 2007, Mexer represented the country at the 2010, 2023 and 2025 Africa Cup of Nations.

2010 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, also known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 27th Africa Cup of Nations, the biennial football championship of Africa (CAF). It was held in Angola, from 10 January to 31 January 2010.

In the tournament, the hosts Angola were to be joined by 15 nations who advanced from the qualification process that began in October 2007 and involved 53 African national teams. The withdrawal of Togo two days before the tournament began, after a terrorist attack on their bus upon arriving in Angola, reduced the number of participating nations to 15. A total of 29 games were played, instead of the scheduled 32 because of the reduced teams. Egypt won the tournament, their seventh ACN title and an unprecedented third in a row, beating Ghana 1–0 in the final.
Faxonius neglectus
Faxonius neglectus, a species of freshwater crayfish also known as the ringed crayfish, is native to Central North America, with two major disjunct areas of distribution in the Ozarks and around Nebraska. The species name, Faxonius neglectus, was previously Orconectes neglectus (before this, Faxonius was a subgenus of Orconectes). Faxonius was declared its own genus in 2017 by Crandall & De Grave, as many previously thought Orconectes species were found to not reside in caves (a quality of Orconectes).

Orconectes
Orconectes is a genus of cave dwelling freshwater crayfish, endemic to suitable habitats in the eastern United States. Surface dwelling species, formerly categorised here, were moved to Faxonius in 2017.

Due to their subterranean habitat, they are usually depigmented, often blind, and are long-lived. Ages of 176 years have been claimed for O. australis, though this was reduced to ≤22 years in a 2012 study.
It Don't Hurt to Dream
"It Don't Hurt to Dream" is a song written by Charles Quillen, Dan Pate and Jane Pate,and recorded by American country music singer, Sylvia. It was released as in April 1980 as the lead single from her album Drfiter. It was the second single of her career.

Drifter (Sylvia album)
Drifter is a studio album by American singer, Sylvia. It was released by RCA Records in April 1981 and was the debut studio album of her career. A total of ten songs comprised the album which all incorporated a cowboy-western style along with country pop production. The album was given positive reception by newspapers and critics for its characteristic musical style. Five singles were part of the album, including the title track, which topped the US country chart and three more US-Canadian top ten country songs: "Tumbleweed", "The Matador" and "Heart on the Mend".
Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club
Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club in Lytham St Annes, Lancashire, England, is one of the courses in the Open Championship rotation. The Women's British Open has also been played on the course five times: once prior to being designated a major championship by the LPGA Tour, and four times since.

Women's major golf championships
Women's golf has a set of major championships, a series of tournaments designated to be of a higher status than other tournaments. Five tournaments are currently designated as 'majors' in women's golf by the LPGA.

The LPGA's list of majors has changed in constitution since the first major was held at the Women's Western Open in 1930. There have been four different periods, 1930 to 1972, 1973 to 2000, 2001 to 2013, and the current version which began in 2014. The current version of tournaments is the Chevron Championship, The Evian Championship, U.S. Women's Open, Women's PGA Championship, The Women's Open.