hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Public diplomacy of Ukraine
Ukraine's public diplomacy is an instrument of Ukraine's foreign policy aimed at promoting an attractive image of the state abroad through communication at the level of the public of other states. It includes the use of cultural diplomacy, social media, cooperation with non-governmental organizations and the Ukrainian diaspora, the creation and promotion of a state brand, and more. The impetus for the intensification of Ukrainian public diplomacy was the counteraction to Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine and the information war, Ukraine's search for foreign support, and the process of Ukraine's European and Euro-Atlantic integration.

Ukrainian diaspora
The Ukrainian diaspora comprises Ukrainians and their descendants who live outside Ukraine around the world, especially those who maintain some kind of connection  to the land of their ancestors and maintain their feeling of Ukrainian national identity within their own local community. The Ukrainian diaspora is found throughout numerous regions worldwide including other post-Soviet states as well as in Canada and other countries such as Poland, the United States, the UK and Brazil.
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester
The School of Physics and Astronomy is an academic department of the University of Leicester, England, specialising in research and teaching in physics, astrophysics, and space science. It is based at the University's main campus in Leicester, with additional facilities at Space Park Leicester.

Space Park Leicester
Space Park Leicester is a research, innovation and teaching hub in England for space-related high-tech companies and researchers focussing primarily on research, development and applications of space.It is located in Belgrave, Leicester next to the National Space Centre and the River Soar. It was officially opened by British astronaut Tim Peake on 14 March 2022. Organisations that reside at Space Park Leicester include Rolls Royce, Airbus, Northrop Grumman, Satellite Applications Catapult, Maxar, Atomic Weapons Establishment, UK Space Agency, National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Open Cosmos, CGI, Exosens and EarthSense.
Antonov An-178
The Antonov An-178 (Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-178) is a short-range medium-airlift military transport aircraft designed and produced by the Ukrainian Antonov company. Based on the Antonov An-158 (An-148-200), the project was announced on 5 February 2010. The first prototype was rolled out on 16 April 2015 and conducted its maiden flight on 7 May 2015.

The An-178 is proposed to replace several outdated transport aircraft, such as the An-12, An-26 and An-32. The aircraft will have an avionics suite similar to the Antonov An-148, and will use Progress D-436-148FM engines. The An-178 is a potential competitor for the Embraer C-390 from Brazil. The company has planned to build more than 200 of the aircraft.

Antonov An-32
The Antonov An-32 (NATO reporting name: Cline) is a turboprop twin-engined military transport aircraft. Its first flight was in July 1976 and was displayed at the 1977 Paris Air Show. A variant of the An-24, it was given upgraded equipment and more powerful Ivchenko AI-20 engines, and is oriented towards flying in adverse weather conditions. The aircraft was produced from 1980 to 2012, and remains in service. It is the fourth member of the Antonov An-24 family, succeeding the An-24, An-30 and An-26, and coming before the cancelled An-132.
MOPS
MOPS (3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid) is a buffer introduced in the 1960s, one of the twenty Good's buffers. It is a structural analog to MES, and like MES, its structure contains a morpholine ring. HEPES is a similar pH buffering compound that contains a piperazine ring. With a pKa of 7.20, MOPS is an excellent buffer for many biological systems at near-neutral pH.

Buffer solution
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
Dorosoma
Dorosoma is a genus that contains five species of shads, within the family Dorosomatidae. The five species are native to the North and/or Central America, and are mostly known from fresh water, though some may reside in the waters of estuaries and bays.

The American gizzard shad is important to the food web in America due to being a source of game fish food. They also have a long history of stock introductions that can lead to disruptions to the food web.

American gizzard shad
The American gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), also known as the mud shad, is a member of the herring family of fish and is native to large swaths of fresh and brackish waters in the United States of America, as well as portions of Canada, and Mexico.  The adult has a deep body, with a silvery-green coloration above fading to plain silver below. The gizzard shad commonly resides in freshwater lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams but can also reside in brackish waters, as it does on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Their range is across most of the continental United States, although they typically go no further north than New York and no further west than New Mexico. They are a large part of many of the ecosystems they inhabit and can drive changes in phyto- and zooplankton, thereby indirectly affecting other planktivorous fishes. The gizzard shad has been widely used as a food source for game fish, with varied success in management and effectiveness.
Amanda Pérez (footballer)
Amanda Araceli Pérez Murillo (born 31 July 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga MX Femenil club FC Juárez. Born in the United States, she represented Mexico at international level.

She is the younger sister of Club Tijuana (Liga MX Femenil) player Verónica Pérez, a former forward on the Mexico women's national football team and a University of Washington alumna.

Verónica Pérez
Verónica Raquel Pérez Murillo (born 18 May 1988) is a footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder. Born in the United States, she represented the Mexico women's national team. Between 2009 and 2016 she also played in professional leagues in the United States, Europe, and Australia.

Perez retired from international football in 2017 after the newly created Liga MX Femenil restricted eligibility to compete to only Mexico-born players. Two years later, when the Mexican Football Federation allowed foreign-born Mexican players, she joined Club Tijuana.
Macquarie Park railway station
Macquarie Park railway station is located on the Sydney Metro network, serving the suburb of Macquarie Park. It was formerly part of Sydney Trains' T1 Northern Line, before being converted to service the Metro North West & Bankstown Line.

Metro North West & Bankstown Line
The M1 Metro North West & Bankstown Line is a rapid transit rail line in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The first and currently only line on the Sydney Metro network, it commenced operation on 26 May 2019, originally running between Tallawong and Chatswood, before the line was extended on 19 August 2024 to Sydenham. The line will be extended to Bankstown in September 2026.
We All Raise Our Voices to the Air (Live Songs 04.11–08.11)
We All Raise Our Voices to the Air (Live Songs 04.11–08.11) is a 2012 live album by the folk rock band the Decemberists. The album was recorded during the 2011 Popes of Pendarvia World Tour to promote the album The King Is Dead at venues across the United States. The album was released as a double Compact Disc and a triple vinyl LP set. The title comes from a line in the track "The Infanta", from the album Picaresque.

Picaresque (album)
Picaresque is the third studio album from The Decemberists. It was released in 2005 on the Kill Rock Stars record label. The word "picaresque" refers to a form of satirical prose originating in Spain, depicting realistically and often humorously the adventures of a low-born, roguish hero living by their wits in a corrupt society.
Mfarakeh
Mfarakeh (Arabic: مفركة, also spelled mofarakah or mufaraqah also known as batata wa bayd (Arabic: بطاطا وبيض, lit. 'potatoes and eggs') is an Arab dish made of potato, egg, ghee, cumin powder, salt and pepper, in addition chopped coriander leaf for garnish. This dish is very simple to make for breakfast, lunch or dinner. It is eaten with Arabic bread (Pita) and Arabic tea.

Mfarakeh is traditionally served as part of a mezze in the Arab world, especially in the Levant (Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan).

Arab cuisine
Arab cuisine collectively refers to the regional culinary traditions of the Arab world, consisting of the Maghreb (the west) and the Mashriq (the east). These cuisines are centuries-old and reflect the culture of trading in ingredients, spices, herbs, and commodities among the Arabs. The regions have many similarities, but also unique traditions. They have also been influenced by climate, cultivation, and mutual commerce.
Lutetium compounds
Lutetium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal lutetium (Lu). In these compounds, lutetium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as LuCl3, Lu2O3 and Lu2(SO4)3. Aqueous solutions of most lutetium salts are colorless and form white crystalline solids upon drying, with the common exception of the iodide. The soluble salts, such as nitrate, sulfate and acetate form hydrates upon crystallization. The oxide, hydroxide, fluoride, carbonate, phosphate and oxalate are insoluble in water.

Lutetium(III) oxide
Lutetium(III) oxide, a white solid, is a cubic compound of lutetium sometimes used in the preparation of specialty glasses. It is also called lutecia. It is a lanthanide oxide, also known as a rare earth.
Warminster Branch
The Warminster Branch is a railway line in the state of Pennsylvania. It runs 8.3 miles (13.4 km) from a junction with the SEPTA Main Line just north of Glenside to Warminster, where it meets the New Hope Railroad. It was originally built by the North East Pennsylvania Railroad, a subsidiary of the North Pennsylvania Railroad, between 1872 and 1874. It was part of the Reading Company system from 1879 until 1976. Today it is owned by SEPTA and hosts Warminster Line commuter rail service. A later extension of the branch to New Hope, Pennsylvania is now the New Hope Railroad heritage railway.

SEPTA Main Line
The SEPTA Main Line is the section of the SEPTA Regional Rail system from the Zoo Interlocking in West Philadelphia to Lansdale Station in Lansdale, Pennsylvania. The line is 26.25 miles (42.25 km) long, and serves all 13 SEPTA Regional Rail lines.
Wilmslow railway station
Wilmslow railway station serves the town of Wilmslow, in Cheshire, England. It lies 12 miles (19 km) south of Manchester Piccadilly and 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Stockport on the Crewe to Manchester Line, a spur of the West Coast Main Line. It is a junction with the Styal line, which takes an alternative route  to Piccadilly via Styal, Manchester Airport and Heald Green.

Manchester Airport station
Manchester Airport station is a railway, tram, bus and coach station at Manchester Airport, in Greater Manchester, England. It was opened at the same time as the second air terminal in 1993. The station lies at the end of a short branch from the Styal line via a triangular junction between Heald Green and Styal stations. Manchester Metrolink tram services were extended to the airport in 2014 and operate to Manchester Victoria.
Klein Heidelberg
Klein Heidelberg (KH) was a passive radar system deployed by the Germans during World War II. It used the signals broadcast by the British Chain Home system as its transmitter, and a series of six stations along the western coast of continental Europe as passive receivers. In modern terminology, the system was a bistatic radar. Because the system sent no signals of its own, the allies were unaware of its presence, and did not learn of the system until well after the D-Day invasion. The system is referred to as Klein Heidelberg Parasit (Small Heidelberg Parasite) in some references.

Bistatic radar
Bistatic radar is a radar system comprising a transmitter and receiver that are separated by a distance comparable to the expected target distance.  Conversely, a conventional radar in which the transmitter and receiver are co-located is called a monostatic radar. 
A system containing multiple spatially diverse monostatic or bistatic radar components with a shared area of coverage is called multistatic radar. 
Many long-range air-to-air and surface-to-air missile systems use semi-active radar homing, which is a form of bistatic radar.
Naʽat
Naʽat (Bengali: নাত and Urdu: نعت) is poetry in praise of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. The practice is popular in South Asia (Bangladesh, Pakistan and India), commonly in Bengali, Punjabi, or Urdu. People who recite Naʽat are known as Naʽat Khawan or sanaʽa-khuaʽan. Exclusive "Praise to Allah" and Allah alone is called Hamd, not to be confused with 'Na'at'.

In Arab countries, lyrics and praises said for Muhammad are called madih nabawi.

Hamd
Hamd (Arabic: حمد, romanized: ḥamd, lit. 'praise') is a word that exclusively praises God - whether written or spoken. 
 Thus, The word "Hamd" is always followed by the name of God (Allah) - a phrase known as the Tahmid - "al-ḥamdu li-llāh" (Arabic: الحَمْد لله) (English: "praise be to God"). The word "Hamd" comes from the Qur'an, and الحَمْد لله is the epithet or locution which, after the Bismillah, establishes the first verse of the first chapter of the Qur'an - al Fatiha Mubarak (the opening).

A Hamd is usually written in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Bengali, Punjabi, or Urdu and recited all over the Muslim world, from Indonesia to Morocco. A Qawwali performance usually includes at least one Hamd, which is traditionally at the beginning of the performance.
Alabama State Route 113
State Route 113 (SR 113) is a 15.457-mile-long (24.876 km) state highway in Escambia County in the southern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. The southern terminus of the highway is at the Florida state line, where U.S. Route 29 (US 29) enters Flomaton, Alabama from Century, Florida. The northern terminus of the highway is at an interchange with Interstate 65 (I-65) near Barnett Crossroads in the north-central part of the county.

Interstate 65 in Alabama
Interstate 65 (I-65) meanders across 366 miles (589 km) of the Alabama countryside linking six of the state's 10 largest cities. The highway links together many important roadways that make commerce inside and outside of the state's boundaries possible. It starts at I-10 near Mobile. The route passes through or near the major cities of Montgomery, Birmingham, Decatur, Huntsville, and Athens before entering Tennessee in the north near the town of Ardmore, Alabama.

The entire Alabama portion of I-65 is dedicated as Heroes Highway in honor of Central Intelligence Agency officer Johnny Micheal Spann and all of the people who died during the September 11 attacks.
James R. Anderson
James Robert Anderson KC (12 June 1864 – 7 April 1913) was a lawyer in the Colony and State of South Australia. He was unique in South Australia and possibly Australia in serving as Attorney General without being a Member of Parliament.

Attorney-General of South Australia
The attorney-general of South Australia is the Cabinet minister in the Government of South Australia who is responsible for that state's system of law and justice. The attorney-general must be a qualified legal practitioner, although this was not always the case.

The attorney-general oversees the Attorney-General's Department. The current attorney-general since March 2022 is Kyam Maher MP, a member of the South Australian Labor Party.
Enfield, Nova Scotia
Enfield is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in both East Hants Municipality and Halifax Regional Municipality. Enfield is situated along the Shubenacadie River and its source at Grand Lake, and is directly adjacent to the community of Elmsdale. The area encompassing Enfield, Elmsdale, Lantz, and Milford is colloquially referred to as "The Corridor". The namesake of Enfield is the town of Enfield, Connecticut, the former residence of an early settler.

Milford (Halifax), Nova Scotia
Milford is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in both East Hants Municipality and Halifax Regional Municipality in Hants County. The community is situated in the Shubenacadie Valley and includes the locality of Milford Station.  Milford is the location of Hants East Rural High School and Riverside Education Centre, the primary high school and middle school respectively for the surrounding communities.
Torana Gate, Malaysia
Torana Gate is a torana in Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur. The gate is a gift from the Government of India to Malaysia, as a mark of continued friendship between the two countries. It was influenced by Hindu and Buddhist architecture of the Indian subcontinent.

India–Malaysia relations
India–Malaysia relations, also called the Indo-Malaysian relations, are the bilateral foreign relations between India and Malaysia. India has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a high commission in New Delhi and a consulate general in Chennai and Mumbai. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations, Asia Cooperation Dialogue and G15. India and Malaysia are also connected by various cultural and historical ties that date back to antiquity. The two countries are on excellently friendly terms with each other seeing as Malaysia is home to a strong concentration of Indian immigrants. Mahathir Mohamad, the fourth and longest-serving prime minister of Malaysia has Indian ancestry. On trade front their bilateral trade volume stands at $10.5 billion and is poised to reach $20.01 billion in FY 2023-24.
Slade House
Slade House is the seventh novel by British novelist David Mitchell. Slade House originated as a Twitter story which was then developed into a full novel, and is a companion to The Bone Clocks. Set between the late seventies and the present, the novel explores the mysterious Slade House and a number of characters who are drawn to it.

The Bone Clocks
The Bone Clocks is a 2014 novel by British writer David Mitchell. It was long-listed for the Man Booker Prize, and described as one of the best novels of the year by Stephen King. The novel won the 2015 World Fantasy Award.

The novel is divided into six sections with five first-person  point-of-view narrators. They are loosely connected by the character of Holly Sykes, a young woman from Gravesend who is gifted with an "invisible eye" and semi-psychic abilities, and a war between two immortal factions, the Anchorites, who derive their immortality from murdering others, and the Horologists, who are naturally able to reincarnate.

The title refers to a derogatory term the immortal characters use for normal humans, who are doomed to mortality because of their aging bodies.
Nigerian Defence Academy
The Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) is a military university based in Kaduna, Nigeria, that trains officer cadets for commissioning into one of the three services of the Nigerian Armed Forces: the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The duration of training at the Nigerian Defence Academy is five years (four years academic and one year military).

Nigerian Army
The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land force of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is the largest component of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The President of Nigeria is the Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff, who is the highest ranking military officer of the Nigerian Army.  It is governed by the Nigerian Army Council (NAC). The Nigerian Army is operationally and geographically divided into ten divisions, the basic field formation. The army has been involved in operations throughout the country, most especially during the Nigerian Civil War, and has undertaken major operations abroad. Nigerian Army officers have served as chiefs of defence in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe serving as Sierra Leone chief of staff in 1998–1999, and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the Armed Forces of Liberia from at least 2007.
Franklin County Jail (Columbus, Ohio)
The Franklin County Jail was a county jail building in Columbus, Ohio, administered by the Franklin County government. The building opened in 1889 and was in use until August 1971. At that time, the jail was moved to a new facility, part of the Franklin County Government Center. The 1889 structure was demolished two months later.

Franklin County Government Center
The Franklin County Government Center is a government complex of Franklin County, Ohio in the city of Columbus. The government center has included several iterations of the Franklin County Courthouse, including a building completed in 1840 and another completed in 1887. Current courthouse functions are spread out between buildings in the complex.
Louisa Virginia Harrison Holden
Louisa Virginia Harrison Holden (1830–1900) was an American political hostess who, as the wife of Governor William Woods Holden, twice-served as First Lady of North Carolina from May 29, 1865, to December 15, 1865, and from July 1, 1868, to March 22, 1871. She and her husband were the state's first governor and first lady following the American Civil War.

William Woods Holden
William Woods Holden (November 24, 1818 – March 1, 1892) was an American politician who served as the 38th and 40th governor of North Carolina. He was appointed by President Andrew Johnson in 1865 for a brief term and then elected in 1868. He served until 1871 and was the leader of the state's Republican Party during the Reconstruction Era.

Holden was the second governor in American history to be impeached, and the first to be removed from office through that process. His impeachment was politically motivated due to his suppression of the Ku Klux Klan. After Republicans lost the 1870 election, Democrats impeached Holden on eight charges relating to the Kirk–Holden war. He is the only North Carolina governor to have been impeached. In 2011, Holden was posthumously pardoned by the North Carolina Senate in a 48–0 vote.