hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Edvard Krogh
Thomas Edvard Krogh, FRSC (1936 – April 29, 2008) was a geochronologist and a former curator for the Royal Ontario Museum. He revolutionized the technique of radiometric uranium-lead dating with the development of new laboratory procedures and analytical methodologies. His discoveries have yielded an unprecedented level of precision in the dating of Precambrian rocks. Krogh's techniques have become the international de facto standard. The application of these techniques has provided a detailed understanding of the evolution of the Earth's Precambrian shield areas.

Uranium–lead dating
Uranium–lead dating, abbreviated U–Pb dating, is one of the oldest and most refined of the radiometric dating schemes. It can be used to date rocks that formed and crystallised from about 1 million years to over 4.5 billion years ago with routine precisions in the 0.1–1 percent range.

The method is usually applied to zircon. This mineral incorporates uranium and thorium atoms into its crystal structure, but strongly rejects lead when forming. As a result, newly-formed zircon crystals will contain no lead, meaning that any lead found in the mineral is radiogenic. Since the exact rate at which uranium decays into lead is known, the current ratio of lead to uranium in a sample of the mineral can be used to reliably determine its age.

The method relies on two separate decay chains, the uranium series from 238U to 206Pb, with a half-life of 4.47 billion years and the actinium series from 235U to 207Pb, with a half-life of 710 million years.
Bea Sprung
Ester Bea Helena Sprung (born 30 January 2005) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Damallsvenskan club Hammarby IF and the Sweden women's national under-23 team. She has previously represented FC Rosengård, where she won three national championships, the Swedish Cup and made her Champions League debut. In 2023, Goal.com ranked Sprung among the 25 most talented teenagers in women's football on its yearly NXGN list.

Hammarby Fotboll (women)
Hammarby IF Fotbollförening (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhâmːarˌbyː ˈfûːtbɔlsfœrˌeːnɪŋ]), commonly known as Hammarby IF (pronounced [- iːˈɛfː]), Hammarby Fotboll (pronounced [- ˈfûːtbɔl]) or simply Hammarby, is a women's football club from Stockholm founded in 1970.

Hammarby play their home games at Hammarby IP (also called Kanalplan) in the Södermalm district of Stockholm, and occasionally at Zinkensdamms IP and 3Arena.

Competing in Sweden's first tier, Damallsvenskan, Hammarby are placed fourth in the all-time Damallsvenskan table, and has won the Swedish championship twice: in 1985 and 2023. The club has won Svenska Cupen, the domestic cup competition, four times: in 1994, 1995, 2023 and 2025.

Since 2016, the club has been affiliated with Hammarby Fotboll, a men's team in Allsvenskan, and is a member of the Stockholms Fotbollförbund through its parent club.
Avraham Al-Naddaf
Avraham Al-Naddaf (Hebrew: אברהם אלנדאף; 1866–1940), the son of Ḥayim b. Salem Al-Naddaf, was a Yemenite rabbi and scholar who immigrated to Ottoman Palestine in 1891, eventually becoming one of the members of the Yemenite rabbinical court (Beit-Din) established in Jerusalem in 1908, and active in public affairs. His maternal grandfather was Rabbi Yiḥya Badiḥi (1803–1887), the renowned sage and author of the Questions & Responsa, Ḥen Ṭov, and a commentary on the laws of ritual slaughter of livestock, Leḥem Todah, who served as the head of Sanaa's largest seat of learning (yeshiva), held in the synagogue, Bayt Saleḥ, before he was forced to flee from Sana'a in 1846 on account of the tyrant, Abū-Zayid b. Ḥasan al-Miṣrī, who persecuted the Jews under the Imam Al-Mutawakkil Muhammad.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
Kharmang Valley
The Kharmang Valley (Urdu: وادی کھرمنگ), also known as Kartaksha, is one of the five main valleys in Gilgit–Baltistan region of Pakistan. The area became a district in 2015, with its temporary headquarters at the town of Tolti. The valley is located 120 kilometres (75 mi) from the city of Skardu.

Tourist destinations in the area include Manthokha Waterfall, Khamosh Waterfall, Mehdiabad Valley, Kharmang Khas Valley, and Kharmang Fort, which is located in Kharmang Khas Valley. Kharmang is the region where the Indus River enters Pakistani-administered territory from the Leh district in the Indian-controlled territory of the disputed Kashmir region.

Tolti
Tolti (Urdu: طولتی) is a town that serves as the administrative capital of Kharmang District of Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. The village lies on the left bank of the Indus river, and is approximately 35 km south-east of the confluence of the Indus from the Shyok.
1st Punjab Assembly
The 1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election were the First Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) elections of the state when the Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party with 96 seats in the 126-seat legislature in the election. The Shiromani Akali Dal became the official opposition, holding 13 seats.

Shiromani Akali Dal
The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: Supreme Eternal Party) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. Although there are many parties with the description Akali Dal, the party that is recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. The party has a moderate Punjabi agenda. On 26 September 2020, it left the National Democratic Alliance over the farm bills.
Multi-agent pathfinding
The problem of Multi-Agent Pathfinding (MAPF) is an instance of multi-agent planning and consists in the computation of collision-free paths for a group of agents from their location to an assigned target. It is an optimization problem, since the aim is to find those paths that optimize a given objective function, usually defined as the number of time steps until all agents reach their goal cells. MAPF is the multi-agent generalization of the pathfinding problem, and it is closely related to the shortest path problem in the context of graph theory.

Several algorithms have been proposed to solve the MAPF problem. Due to its complexity, it happens that optimal approaches are infeasible on big environments and with a high number of agents. However, given the applications in which MAPF is involved such as automated warehouses and airport management, it is important to reach a trade-off between the efficiency of the solution and its effectiveness.

Pathfinding
Pathfinding or pathing is the search, by a computer application, for the shortest route between two points. It is a more practical variant on solving mazes. This field of research is based heavily on Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest path on a weighted graph.

Pathfinding is closely related to the shortest path problem, within graph theory, which examines how to identify the path that best meets some criteria (shortest, cheapest, fastest, etc) between two points in a large network.
State funeral of John F. Kennedy
The state funeral of U.S. president John F. Kennedy took place in Washington, D.C. and Virginia, during the three days that followed his assassination on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas.

Kennedy's body was brought back to Washington after his assassination. Early on November 23, six military pallbearers carried the flag-draped coffin into the East Room of the White House, where he lay in repose for 24 hours. Then, his flag-draped coffin was carried on a horse-drawn caisson to the Capitol to lie in state. Throughout the day and night, hundreds of thousands lined up to view the guarded casket, with a quarter million passing through the rotunda during the 18 hours of lying in state.

Kennedy's funeral service was held on November 25 at St. Matthew's Cathedral. The Requiem Mass was led by Cardinal Richard Cushing. About 1,200 guests, including representatives from over 90 countries, attended. After the service, Kennedy was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.

East Room
The East Room is an event and reception room in the Executive Residence of the White House complex, the home of the president of the United States. The East Room is the largest room in the Executive Residence; it is used for dances, receptions, press conferences, ceremonies, concerts, and banquets. The East Room was one of the last rooms to be finished and decorated, and it has undergone substantial redecoration over the past two centuries. Since 1964, the Committee for the Preservation of the White House has, by executive order, advised the president of the United States and first lady on the decor, preservation, and conservation of the East Room and other public rooms at the White House.
Allegiance (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Allegiance" is the 18th episode of the third season of the American syndicated science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the 66th episode of the series overall. It was originally released on March 26, 1990, in broadcast syndication.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D.  In this episode, Captain Picard finds himself abducted from the Enterprise and held in a chamber with other prisoners, while a doppelgänger replacing him behaves strangely and gives increasingly disturbing orders.

USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D), or Enterprise-D, to distinguish it as the fifth Federation vessel with the same name, is a fictional starship in the Star Trek media franchise. Under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, it is the main setting of Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1994) and the film Star Trek Generations (1994). It has also been depicted in various spinoffs, films, books, and licensed products.

The Next Generation occurs in the 24th century, beginning 94 years after the adventures in the original Star Trek (1966–1969). Andrew Probert's Enterprise-D updates Matt Jefferies' iconic 1960s Enterprise design, depicting a ship supporting a larger crew on a longer mission "to boldly go where no one has gone before."
NI (album)
NI is the fourth studio album by French rapper Ninho, released on 30 June 2023 through Rec. 118 and Jefe Production. The album features guest appearances from American rapper Lil Baby, British rapper Central Cee, and Nigerian singers Omah Lay and Ayra Starr. Conceived as a more internationally oriented project than his previous albums, NI pairs Ninho’s melodic trap with Afropop, UK rap and piano-driven productions. A deluxe edition with five additional tracks, titled NI (Extension), was released on 7 July 2023. The album debuted at number one on the French Albums Chart with 37,116 equivalent album units in its first week. It also peaked at number two in Switzerland and number one in Belgium (Wallonia). NI became the fastest album in France to reach platinum status in 2023, and was later certified triple platinum by the SNEP in September 2025.

SNEP
SNEP (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique, in English National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry. Originally known under the acronym SNICOP, the organisation was established in 1922 and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.
Asad Ahmed
Asad Ahmed (born 21 July 1971) is a Pakistani guitarist. He has been a member of various musical groups and some of the earliest Pakistani rock bands like The Barbarians, Awaz, Karavan, Junoon, Vital Signs as well as Coke Studio Pakistan.

Coke Studio Pakistan
Coke Studio Pakistan (Urdu: کوک اِسٹوڈیو پاکستان) is a Pakistani television programme and a part of the international music franchise, Coke Studio, which features studio-recorded music performances by established and emerging artists. It is the longest-running annual television music show in Pakistan, airing annually since 2008. The programme's concept originated in Brazil and has subsequently expanded its reach worldwide.

The show combines a myriad of musical influences, from traditional Pakistani classical, folk, Sufi, qawwali, ghazal and bhangra music to contemporary hip hop, rock and pop music. It is noted for promoting Pakistan's multiculturalism by inviting artists from various regions and languages to collaborate musically.
1986 Austrian Supercup
The 1986 Austrian Supercup was a football match that saw the 1985–86 Bundesliga and 1985–86 Austrian Cup champions Austria Wien face off against 1985-86 Austrian Cup finalists Rapid Wien. The match was held on 19 July 1986 at the Gerhard Hanappi Stadium in Vienna. This was the inaugural Austrian Supercup, which went on to be played until 2004.

1985–86 Austrian Cup
The 1985–86 Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup) was the 52nd season of Austria's nationwide football cup competition. The final was held at the Gerhard Hanappi Stadium, Vienna on 6 May 1986.

The competition was won by Austria Wien after beating Rapid Wien 6–4.
Muthu Alagappan
Muthu Alagappan (born c. 1990) is a former medical resident known for his professional basketball analytics. He was born in England and raised in Texas. During college at Stanford University, he began an internship at big data startup company Ayasdi, where he used their software on basketball statistics to determine 13 distinct positions of play. After he spoke at the 2012 MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference, several professional teams began to use the company's software. He was given the top prize at the conference, and GQ called his work both "a new frontier for the NBA" and "Muthuball"—an allusion to Moneyball baseball statistical analysis known for revolutionizing the sport. Forbes included him in their 2012 and 2013  "30 Under 30" list of influential people in the sports industry. His work has received mention in The New York Times, ESPN, The Wall Street Journal, Wired, and Slate.

Sabermetrics
Sabermetrics (originally SABRmetrics)  is the original or blanket term for sports analytics for the empirical analysis of baseball, especially the development of advanced metrics based on baseball statistics that measure in-game activity. The term is derived from the movement's progenitors, members of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), founded in 1971, and was coined by Bill James, 
(in 1980, according to SABR.org), who is one of its pioneers and considered its most prominent advocate and public face.

The term moneyball refers to the use of metrics to identify "undervalued players" and sign them to what ideally will become "below market value" contracts; it began as an effort by small-market teams to compete with the much greater resources of big-market ones.
Zodarion ohridense
Zodarion ohridense is a species of  ant spider first seen North Macedonia and subsequently found in Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Greece and Kosovo. The spider lives in mountainous forests and meadows, including the Osogovo mountains, in altitudes up to 2,824 m (9,265 ft) above sea level. It measures between 2.5 and 45 mm (0.098 and 1.772 in) in total length, the female being larger than the male and has a reddish-brown carapace, a dark brown sternum, and an opisthosoma that is blackish-brown on top and yellow underneath. It can be distinguished from other members of the genus by its copulatory organs. The male has a apophysis in the middle of its palpal bulb that looks like it has two teeth. The female has a distinctive triangular structure on its epigyne.

Ant spider
Ant spiders are members of the family Zodariidae. They are small to medium-sized eight-eyed spiders found in all tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia-New Guinea, New Zealand, Arabia, and the Indian subcontinent.

Most species are daytime hunters and live together with ants, mimicking their behavior and sometimes even their chemical traits. Although little is known about most zodariids, members of the genus Zodarion apparently feed only on ants; a number of other genera in the family are apparently also ant (or termite) specialists.
Bronisława (given name)
Bronisława (Polish: [brɔ.ɲiˈswa.va] ⓘ) is a Polish feminine given name, derived from the Slavic elements borna (to protect, to defend) and slava (glory, fame). It is the feminine form of Bronisław, the Polish variant of the Slavic name Bronislav.

Notable people with the name include:

Bronisława Dłuska (1865–1939), Polish physician

Bronisława Janowska (1868–1953), Polish painter

Bronisława Kondratowicz (1854–1949 ), Polish photographer, folklorist

Bronisława Kowalska (1955–2020), Polish politician

Bronisława Ludwichowska (born 1951), Polish runner

Bronisława Łukaszewicz (1885–1962), Polish-Lithuanian painter

Bronisława Orawiec-Löffler (1929–2010), Polish activist and dentist

Bronisława Wajs (1908–1987), Polish-Romani poet and singer

Bronisława Wieniawa-Długoszowska (1886–1953), Polish wartime nurse

Slavic names
Given names originating from the Slavic languages are most common in Slavic countries.

The main types of Slavic names are:

Two-base names, often ending in mir/měr (Ostromir/měr, Tihomir/měr, Němir/měr), *voldъ (Vsevolod, Rogvolod), *pъlkъ (Svetopolk, Yaropolk), *slavъ (Vladislav, Dobroslav, Vseslav) and their derivatives (Dobrynya, Tishila, Ratisha, Putyata, etc.)

Names from flora and fauna (Shchuka - pike, Yersh - ruffe, Zayac - hare, Wolk/Vuk - wolf, Orel - eagle)

Names in order of birth (Pervusha - born first, Vtorusha/Vtorak - born second, Tretiusha/Tretyak - born third)

Names according to human qualities (Hrabr - brave, Milana/Milena - beautiful, Milosh - beloved, Nadezhda - hope)

Names containing the root of the name of a Slavic deity (Troyan, Perunek/Peruvit, Yarovit, Stribor, Šventaragis, Veleslava)
William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough
William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough PC PC (Ire) (1704 – 11 March 1793) was an Anglo-Irish politician. He was an Irish and English peer and member of the House of Lords (styled Hon. William Ponsonby from 1723 to 1739 and Viscount Duncannon from 1739 to 1758). He served in both the Irish and the British House of Commons, before entering the House of Lords, and held office as a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty, Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, and as Postmaster General of the United Kingdom. He was also a Privy Counsellor, Chief Secretary for Ireland and Earl of Bessborough.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Wang Zengqi
Wang Zengqi (Chinese: 汪曾祺; pinyin: Wāng Zēngqí; 1920 – 1997) was a contemporary Chinese novelist, essayist and Peking Opera playwright. He is known for his short stories and essays with an elegant style and content infused by both traditional literature and folklores of his hometown. He was referred to as a "master stylist of modern Chinese", along with his literary mentor Shen Congwen. He is regarded as a successor of the "Beijing School" heralded by Zhou Zuoren and Shen Congwen in the 1940s.

Zhou Zuoren
Zhou Zuoren (Chinese: 周作人; pinyin: Zhōu Zuòrén; Wade–Giles: Chou Tso-jen) (16 January 1885 – 6 May 1967) was a Chinese writer, primarily known as an essayist and a translator. He was the younger brother of Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren, 周树人), the second of three brothers.
Newtonbrook
Newtonbrook is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the area around Yonge Street and Finch Avenue in the district of North York between the east and west branches of the Don River. Officially, the area is divided into two neighbourhoods; Newtonbrook West and Newtonbrook East.

Finch Avenue
Finch Avenue is an arterial thoroughfare that travels east–west in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The road continues west into the Regional Municipality of Peel as Regional Road 2 and east into the Regional Municipality of Durham as Regional Road 37.

The road is considered a high-density transit corridor by Metrolinx. At its intersection with Yonge Street in North York, the Finch subway station and Finch Bus Terminal carry some of the highest numbers of commuters in the city.
0x88
The 0x88 chess board representation is a square-centric method of representing the chess board in computer chess programs. The number 0x88 is a hexadecimal integer (13610, 2108, 100010002). The rank and file positions are each represented by a nibble (hexadecimal digit), and the bit gaps simplify a number of computations to bitwise operations.

Bitwise operation
In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor. Most architectures provide only a few high value bitwise operations, presented as two-operand instructions where the result replaces one of the input operands.

On simple low-cost processors, typically, bitwise operations are substantially faster than division, several times faster than multiplication, and sometimes significantly faster than addition. While modern processors usually perform addition and multiplication just as fast as bitwise operations due to their longer instruction pipelines and other architectural design choices, bitwise operations do commonly use less power because of the reduced use of resources.