hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Chencang
The siege of Chencang was a battle fought between the states of Shu Han and Cao Wei between December 228 to early 229 during the Three Kingdoms period in China. It was the second of the Northern Expeditions led by Shu-Han's chancellor-regent, Zhuge Liang, to invade Wei. It was part of an attempt to divert Wei forces away from Jing Province following the Battle of Shiting between Wei and Shu's ally state, Eastern Wu. The siege came to an end when Shu forces retreated after failing to capture Chencang.

Battle of Shiting
The Battle of Shi'ting (literal meaning "stone pavilion") was fought between the states of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu in 228 during the Three Kingdoms period of China. The battle concluded with a Wu victory.
Government of Turkey
The Government of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükûmeti) is the national government of Turkey. It is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative democracy and a constitutional republic within a pluriform multi-party system. The term government can mean either the collective set of institutions (the executive, legislative, and judicial branches) or specifically the Cabinet (the executive).

Constitution of Turkey
The Constitution of Turkey, formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), and informally as the Constitution of 1982 (Turkish: 1982 Anayasası), is Turkey's fundamental law. It establishes the organization of the government, and sets out the principles and rules of the state's conduct along with its responsibilities in regard to its citizens. The constitution also establishes the rights and responsibilities of the latter while setting the guidelines for the delegation and exercise that sovereignty belongs entirely and without doubt to the people.

The constitution was ratified on 7 November 1982. It replaced the earlier Constitution of 1961. The constitution was amended 21 times, three of them through a referendum: 2007, 2010, 2017, one of them partly through referendum: 1987. As of April 2017, 117 of the 177 articles of the Constitution of 1982 were amended overall.
Anton Glanzelius
Anton Glanzelius (born 11 April 1974) is a Swedish former child actor and a television producer, known for his starring role in My Life as a Dog (1985), for which he was named Best Actor at the 21st Guldbagge Awards.

Guldbagge Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
The Guldbagge for Best Actor in a Leading Role is a Swedish film award presented annually by the Swedish Film Institute (SFI) as part of the Guldbagge Awards (Swedish: "Guldbaggen") to actors working in the Swedish motion picture industry.
Fernão Lopes
Fernão Lopes (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃w ˈlɔpɨʃ]; c. 1385 – after 1459) was a Portuguese chronicler appointed by King Edward of Portugal. Fernão Lopes wrote the history of Portugal, but only a part of his work remained.

His way of writing was based on oral discourse, and, on every page, it revealed his roots among the common people. He is one of the fathers of the European historiography, or a precursor of the scientific historiography, basing his works always on the documental proof, and, as he said, on his pages "one cannot find the beauty of words but the nudity of the truth." He was an autodidact. By the time of his death, a new kind of knowledge was arising, a Latinized scholasticism that involved imitations of the classics.

Edward, King of Portugal
Edward (Portuguese: Duarte [duˈaɾt(ɨ)]; 31 October 1391 – 9 September 1438), also called Edward the Philosopher King (Duarte o Rei-Filósofo) or the Eloquent (o Eloquente), was the King of Portugal from 1433 until his death. He was born in Viseu, the son of John I of Portugal and Philippa of Lancaster. Edward was the oldest member of the "Illustrious Generation" of royal children who contributed to the development of Portuguese civilization during the 15th century.
2020 North Carolina Senate election
An election was held on November 3, 2020, to elect all 50 members to North Carolina's Senate. The election coincided with the elections for other offices, including the Presidency, U.S. Senate, Governor, U.S. House of Representatives, and state house. The primary election was held on March 3, 2020, with a run-off on June 23, 2020.

2020 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the 13 U.S. representatives from the state of North Carolina, one from each of the state's 13 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections.

North Carolina was one of two states in which the party that won the state's popular vote did not win a majority of seats in 2020, the other state being Arizona.
1939 FA Cup final
The 1939 FA Cup final was contested by Portsmouth and Wolverhampton Wanderers at Wembley. Portsmouth won 4–1, with goals from Bert Barlow, John Anderson and two by Cliff Parker. Dicky Dorsett scored Wolves' effort.

As a result of the suspension of the FA Cup for the duration of the Second World War, the next FA Cup final was not until seven years later in 1946, thereby enabling Portsmouth fans to claim that their team has held the Cup for the longest time.

Wolves had entered the game as clear favourites, having scored 19 goals in their five FA Cup games and lying second in the league table. By contrast, Portsmouth were struggling in the relegation zone.

Captain Jimmy Guthrie was presented with the cup by King George VI. Portsmouth manager Jack Tinn said afterwards that his side won thanks to the help of his "lucky spats".

1946 FA Cup final
The 1946 FA Cup final was the 65th final of the FA Cup, and the first after World War II. It took place on 27 April 1946 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Derby County and Charlton Athletic.

Derby won the match 4–1 after extra time. Charlton's Bert Turner scored an own goal and then scored for his own team, thus becoming the first player to score for both sides in an FA Cup Final. Goals from Peter Doherty and Jackie Stamps (2) in the extra-time period gave Derby their first, and so far only, FA Cup triumph.
Watarru
Watarru Community is an Aboriginal community in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) lands in South Australia (one of a number of communities or homelands on "The Lands"; others include Amata, Ernabella/Pukatja, Fregon/Kaltjiti, Indulkana, Kalka and Mimili).  Watarru Community sits at the foot of Mount Lindsay and the community has at times been known as "Mount Lindsay".

Pukatja, South Australia
Pukatja (formerly Ernabella, Pitjantjatjara: Anapala) is an Aboriginal community in the  Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia, comprising one of the six main communities on "The Lands" (the others being Amata, Pipalyatjara, Fregon/Kaltjiti, Indulkana and Mimili).

Established as a Presbyterian mission in 1937 with enlightened practices which maintained the Pitjantjatjara language at the school and church services, Ernabella was handed over to the community in 1974 and was later named Pukatja. Ernabella Arts is Australia's oldest continuously running Indigenous art centre.
R. Kirk McPike
R. Kirk McPike is an American politician and Delegate for the 5th district of the Virginia House of Delegates following a 2026 special election. McPike also served on the Alexandria City Council from 2021 to 2026 and worked as a chief of staff for California U.S. House representative Mark Takano from 2008 to 2026.

Mark Takano
Mark Allan Takano (/təˈkɑːnoʊ/ tə-KAH-noh; born December 10, 1960) is an American politician and academic who has served in the United States House of Representatives since 2013, representing California's 41st congressional district from 2013 to 2023 and the 39th congressional district since 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, Takano became the first gay person of Asian descent in Congress upon taking office.
Qian Nengxun
Qian Nengxun (simplified Chinese: 钱能训; traditional Chinese: 錢能訓; pinyin: qián néngxùn, 1869 – June 5, 1924), courtesy name Ganchen (干臣) or Gancheng (干丞) was a Chinese politician from 1918 until his death in 1924. He served as the Premier of China twice during the Warlord Era, in 1918 and 1919 and was the protegee of former president Xu Shichang. In 1922, Qian co-founded the charitable Red Swastika Society.

Xu Shichang
Xu Shichang (Chinese: 徐世昌; pinyin: Xú Shìchāng; Wade–Giles: Hsü2Shih4-ch'ang1; courtesy name Juren (Chinese: 菊人; pinyin: Júrén; Wade–Giles: Chu-jen); 20 October  1855 – 5 June 1939) was a Chinese politician who served as the President of China from 10 October 1918 to 2 June 1922. A member of the Anhui clique, he was the only permanent president of the Beiyang government to be a civilian; his presidency was also the longest of the Warlord Era. Previously, he was Minister of the Cabinet of the Imperial Cabinet during the Qing dynasty.
Is This the Life We Really Want?
Is This the Life We Really Want? is the fourth solo album by the English rock musician Roger Waters, released on 2 June 2017 by Columbia Records. It was produced by Nigel Godrich, who urged Waters to make a more concise, less theatrical album. It was Waters' first solo album since Amused to Death (1992), and his first studio work since the opera Ça Ira (2005).

The album reached number three in the UK and number 11 in the United States. It produced four singles: "Smell the Roses", "Déjà Vu", "The Last Refugee" and "Wait for Her".

Amused to Death
Amused to Death is the third studio album by the English singer-songwriter Roger Waters, released on 7 September 1992 by Columbia Records. Produced by Waters and Patrick Leonard, it was mixed in QSound to enhance its spatial feel. The album features Jeff Beck on lead guitar on several tracks. The album's title was inspired by Neil Postman's 1985 book Amusing Ourselves to Death.

In 2015, the album was remixed and re-released with new artwork and in different formats, including a new 5.1 surround sound mix by original engineer James Guthrie, assisted by Joel Plante.
Botany, New South Wales
Botany is a suburb in the south of the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Botany is 11 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district and is part of the Bayside Council.

Botany sits on the northern shore of Botany Bay, east of Sydney Airport, adjacent to the suburbs of Mascot, Banksmeadow, Pagewood and Port Botany.

Port Botany, New South Wales
Port Botany is a suburb in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Port Botany is located 12 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Randwick. Port Botany sits on the northern shore of Botany Bay, adjacent to the suburbs of Matraville, Banksmeadow and Phillip Bay.
Almonty Industries
Almonty Industries Inc. is an international mining company primarily engaged in the extraction and development of tungsten resources. The company operates in Spain, Portugal, and South Korea and is publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). The current Chief Executive Officer is Lewis Black.

Toronto Stock Exchange
The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX; French: Bourse de Toronto) is a stock exchange located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the 10th largest exchange in the world and the third largest in North America by market capitalization. Based in the EY Tower in Toronto's Financial District, the TSX is a wholly owned subsidiary of the TMX Group for the trading of senior equities.
Steenplaats
Steenplaats is a hamlet  in the Dutch province of South Holland and is part of the municipality of Hoeksche Waard. Steenplaats lies a few hundred metres southeast of Strijen.

Steenplaats is not a statistical entity, and considered part of Strijen. It has no place name signs, and consists of about 70 houses.

Strijen
Strijen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈstrɛiə(n)] ⓘ) is a town and former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality, covering an area of 57.70 km2 (22.28 sq mi) of which 6.85 km2 (2.64 sq mi) is water, is located on the Hoeksche Waard island along the Hollands Diep estuary. On 1 January 2019 it was merged with the municipalities of Binnenmaas, Cromstrijen, Korendijk, and Oud-Beijerland to form the municipality of Hoeksche Waard.

Strijen hosts a public library, swimming pool, a small shopping centre and a local museum.

Furthermore, Strijen is home to an important and welcome resting stop for migrating birds, especially geese. During winter, the endangered Eurasian spoonbill uses this area as a foraging ground.

The municipality of Strijen also included the population centres of Cillaarshoek, De Klem, Mookhoek, Oudendijk, and Strijensas.
Hubert Houben
Hubert Houben (24 February 1898 – 9 November 1956) was a German sprinter who competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in the 4 × 100 m relay, together with Georg Lammers, Richard Corts and Helmut Körnig, and failed to reach the final of individual 100 m event.

Helmut Körnig
Helmut Körnig (12 September 1905 – 5 March 1972) was a German sprinter who competed at the 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics. He won an individual bronze medal in the 200 m in 1928 and two team medals in the 4 × 100 m relay at both Olympics.
Lower Camden County Regional High School
Lower Camden County Regional High School was founded in 1939 in Pine Hill, in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, as part of the Lower Camden County Regional School District.  As the school district grew, Edgewood Regional High School was built in 1958 and Lower Camden County Regional was renamed Overbrook Regional High School.

Edgewood Regional High School
Edgewood Regional High School is the original name of Winslow Township High School that opened in 1958. Though the mailing address of the school was Atco, the site actually resided in the Tansboro section of Winslow Township, in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.  The school's name changed in 2001 due to the breakup of the Lower Camden County Regional School District (L.C.C.R.H.S.) which consisted of Edgewood and Overbrook Regional High School.  The buildings were turned over to the Winslow Township School District and became Winslow Township High School.  Likewise Overbrook dropped the "regional" part of its name and became Overbrook High School (part of the Pine Hill Schools).  At the time of the district dissolution, Edgewood was receiving students from Winslow Township, Waterford Township and Chesilhurst. Waterford Township reached an agreement with Hammonton to send its students to Hammonton High School rather than the newly renamed Winslow Township High School.
Top-hat transform
In mathematical morphology and digital image processing, a top-hat transform is an operation that extracts small elements and details from given images. There exist two types of top-hat transform: the white top-hat transform is defined as the difference between the input image and its opening by some structuring element, while the black top-hat transform is defined dually as the difference between the closing and the input image. Top-hat transforms are used for various image processing tasks, such as feature extraction, background equalization, image enhancement, and others.

Opening (morphology)
In mathematical morphology, opening is the dilation of the erosion of a set A by a structuring element B:

where  and  denote erosion and dilation, respectively.

Together with closing, the opening serves in computer vision and image processing as a basic workhorse of morphological noise removal. Opening removes small objects from the foreground (usually taken as the bright pixels) of an image, placing them in the background, while closing removes small holes in the foreground, changing small islands of background into foreground. These techniques can also be used to find specific shapes in an image. Opening can be used to find things into which a specific structuring element can fit (edges, corners, ...).

One can think of B sweeping around the inside of the boundary of A, so that it does not extend beyond the boundary, and shaping the A boundary around the boundary of the element.
BOH (drug)
BOH, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-methoxyphenethylamine or as β-methoxy-MDPEA, is a drug of the phenethylamine, MDxx, and BOx families. It is the β-methoxy analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA) and is also more distantly related to methylone (β-keto-MDMA).

3,4-Methylenedioxyphenethylamine
MDPEA, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine or as homopiperonylamine, is a possible psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and methylenedioxyphenethylamine families. It is the 3,4-methylenedioxy derivative of phenethylamine (PEA). The drug is structurally related to 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), but lacks the methyl group at the α carbon. It is a key parent compound of a large group of compounds known as entactogens such as MDMA ("ecstasy").
2011 Úrvalsdeild
The 2011 Úrvalsdeild (also known as the "Pepsi deild" for sponsorship reasons) is the 100th season of top-tier football in Iceland.The season began on 2 May 2011 and concluded on 1 October 2011. Breiðablik are the defending champions, having won their first league championship.

2010 Úrvalsdeild
The 2010 season of Úrvalsdeild was the 99th season of top-tier football in Iceland. It was also known as Pepsideild for sponsoring reasons. It began on 10 May 2010 and ended on 25 September 2010. Breiðablik won their first title, winning the championship on goal difference. Newly promoted sides Haukar and Selfoss were relegated to 1. deild.
UEFA Euro 1984 final
The UEFA Euro 1984 final was the final match of Euro 1984, the seventh European Championship, UEFA's top football competition for national teams. The match was played at Parc des Princes in Paris, France, on 27 June 1984, and was contested between hosts France and Spain.

France automatically qualified for the finals as hosts of the tournament, and faced Denmark, Belgium and Yugoslavia in the group stage before a victory over Portugal in the semi-finals saw them progress to their first European Championship final. Spain ended top of their qualifying group, which included a 12–1 win over Malta, and progressed to Group 2. There they played Romania, Portugal and West Germany, before defeating Denmark in the semi-finals on penalties.

The final was played in front of 47,368 spectators and was refereed by Vojtech Christov from Czechoslovakia. France won 2–0 to claim their first international football title.

UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying Group 7
Standings and results for Group 7 of the UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying tournament.

Group 7 consisted of Iceland, Malta, Netherlands, Republic of Ireland and Spain. The group winners were Spain, who won the group ahead of the Netherlands on goals scored following a 12–1 win over Malta.
Neighborhoods of New Haven, Connecticut
The city of New Haven, Connecticut has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of Long Wharf; the western neighborhoods of Edgewood, West River, Westville, Amity, and West Rock; East Rock, Cedar Hill, Prospect Hill, and Newhallville in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of Mill River and Wooster Square, an Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven, an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris Cove).

The Hill, New Haven
The Hill is the southwesternmost neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut.  As early as 1800, this area was known as "Sodom Hill". Located directly south of Downtown New Haven, this neighborhood is home to residential areas, some light industry, New Haven Union Station as well as Yale-New Haven Hospital and the Yale School of Medicine.
Rhode Island Route 123
Route 123 is a state highway running 7.8 miles (12.6 km) in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Its western terminus is at Route 116 in Lincoln, and its eastern terminus is at the Massachusetts border where it continues as Massachusetts Route 123.

Rhode Island Route 116
Route 116 is a state highway running 25.1 miles (40.4 km) in Providence County, and Kent County, Rhode Island. Its southern terminus is at Route 33 and Route 117 in Coventry, and its northern terminus is at Route 114 in Cumberland.
London Conference on Nazi Gold
The London Conference on Nazi Gold was an international conference held in London in December 1997. Representatives of 41 nations participated in the Conference, including France, the United Kingdom, the United States, the three countries from the World War II Allies that fought Nazi Germany and the Axis powers that oversaw the post-War disposition of Nazi gold.

The Conference addressed the disposition of the remaining reserves of recovered Nazi gold held by the Tripartite Commission for the Restitution of Monetary Gold, a.k.a. the Tripartite Gold Commission. Nazi Germany looted approximately US$580 million of gold from the central banks of 15 countries (equivalent to approximately $10.13 billion in today's funds).

Nazi gold
Much of the focus of the discussion about Nazi gold (German: Raubgold, "stolen gold") concerns how much of it Nazi Germany transferred to overseas banks during World War II. The Nazis looted the assets of their victims (including those in concentration camps) to accumulate wealth. In 1998, a Swiss commission estimated that the Swiss National Bank had received $440 million (equivalent to $8.5 billion in 2024) of Nazi gold, over half of which is believed to have been looted.

Some of the accumulated wealth was used to finance the war and potentially the escapes of Nazi fugitives to South America, but the total wealth or method of its spending remains subject to investigation. The fate of the gold has been the subject of several books, conspiracy theories, and a failed civil lawsuit brought in January 2000 against the Vatican Bank and the Franciscan Order.
ATP Lyon Open
The ATP Lyon Open (also known as the Open Parc Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Lyon) was a professional tennis tournament on the ATP Tour held in the French city of Lyon. From 2017 to 2024, it was part of the ATP 250 Series and was played on outdoor clay courts.

It was removed from the 2025 ATP calendar.
The tournament was one of four French events of the ATP Tour 250 series, along with the Open Sud de France, the Open 13 and the Moselle Open (cancelled also in 2026). It replaced the Open de Nice Côte d'Azur on the ATP calendar. Former professional tennis player Thierry Ascione was the tournament director.

Ivan Dodig is the doubles record holder with two victories.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.