hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ortaköy Mosque
Ortaköy Mosque (Turkish: Ortaköy Camii), formally the Büyük Mecidiye Camii (Turkish: Büyük Mecidiye Camii, lit. 'Great Mosque of Sultan Abdulmejid') in Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey, is a mosque situated at the waterside of the Ortaköy pier square, one of the most popular locations on the Bosphorus. It was commissioned by the Ottoman sultan Abdülmecid I, and its construction was completed around 1854 or 1856.

This structure is symbolic of the district of Ortaköy and is often photographed, as it offers a distinctive view of the Bosphorus Strait of Istanbul and the Bosphorus Bridge.

Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Turkey which is straddled by the city of  Istanbul. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental boundaries between Asia and Europe. It also divides Turkey by separating Asia Minor from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation.

Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.

The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.

Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.
U.S. Route 45 in Illinois
U.S. Route 45 (US 45) in the state of Illinois is a major north–south U.S. Highway that runs from the Brookport Bridge over the Ohio River at Brookport north through rural sections of eastern Illinois and then through the suburbs of Chicago to the Wisconsin state line east of Antioch. This is a distance of 428.99 miles (690.39 km). US 45 is the longest numbered route in Illinois.

Brookport Bridge
The Brookport Bridge (officially the Paducah-Brookport Bridge 1929–1943, and the Irvin S. Cobb Bridge since 1943) is a ten-span, steel deck (grate), narrow two-lane truss bridge that carries U.S. Route 45 (US 45) across the Ohio River in the U.S. states of Illinois and Kentucky. It connects Paducah, Kentucky, north to Brookport, Illinois.
Otoyol 53
Otoyol 53 (English: Motorway 53), abbreviated as O-53, also known as Ceyhan-İskenderun Otoyolu (English: Ceyhan-İskenderun Motorway), is a toll motorway in Mediterranean Region, Turkey, connecting the Adana-Şanlıurfa Motorway O-52 with İskenderun. The motorway is part of international routes as European route E91 and Asian Highway 84.

The O-53 starts from Ceyhan in Adana Province at the junction of O-52, runs southward to İskenderun South bypassing the city in the east.

Otoyol 52
Otoyol 52 (English: Motorway 52), abbreviated as O-52, a.k.a. Adana-Şanlıurfa Otoyolu (English: Adana-Şanlıurfa Motorway), is a toll motorway in the regions of Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia in Turkey, connecting the cities Adana and Şanlıurfa. The motorway is part of European route E90 and Asian Highway 84. The O-52 starts from the eastern terminus of The O-51, runs eastward through Osmaniye, Gaziantep and terminates east of Şanlıurfa. The O-52 is currently the second longest Motorway in Turkey being only 5 km shorter than the O-4.

The highway sustained damage in the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.
Gazelle Peninsula
The Gazelle Peninsula is a large peninsula in northeastern East New Britain, Papua New Guinea located on the island of New Britain within the Bismarck Archipelago, situated in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
The Rabaul caldera is located on the northern tip of the peninsula. 
Upon the Gazelle Peninsula are the Baining Mountains, of which the highest point is Mount Sinewit at 2,063 m (6,768 ft).
The Gazelle Peninsula houses Vulcan Crater and Mount Tavurvur, both of which conducted volcanic activity in the 20th and 21st centuries and have provided extremely fertile soils.
The body of the Gazelle Peninsula is about 80 km (50 mi).
The southern isthmus upon which the Gazelle Peninsula is connected to the main body of East New Britain is reduced to about 32 km (20 mi).

Vulcan (volcano)
Vulcan is a pumice cone in Papua New Guinea. It is a sub-vent of the Rabaul caldera and lies on its western rim. Its most recent eruption was in 1994, when it and another vent, Tavurvur, forced the city of Rabaul to be temporarily abandoned and the local administrative centres of East New Britain Province to be moved to a new capital, Kokopo. Today, the slopes of Vulcan are now forested, as a result of dormancy since 1994.

Vulcan did not exist during the German colonial times, although the agronomist for the New Guinea Company, Richard Parkinson, noticed that a small island in the harbour in 1880 had grown noticeably larger by 1900. During the 1920s the island offered enough new land for Australian colonials to open a sporting club there, with tennis courts. By 1937 Vulcan was its current size and erupted that year, filling the harbour with a thick layer of pumice. An Australian Navy sailor walked out from the wharf some hundred meters before he broke through the crust and drowned.
Mount Paiko
Mount Paiko (Greek: Πάικο; Bulgarian: Паяк, romanized: Pajak; Megleno Romanian: Paiac or Paic; Aromanian: Paicu) is a low mountain range (surface area: 399 km2) situated along the boundary between the regional units of Pella and Kilkis, in Central Macedonia, Greece. Its highest peak, Gola Tsouka, reaches an elevation of 1,650 metres above sea level. To the west, Mount Paiko is connected to the Voras mountain range, while to the east it borders the Axios River valley. The Paiko massif contains the largest forested area in Greece, characterized by an exceptionally rich and diverse fauna and flora, and is widely known nationwide for its chestnut production.

Vardar
The Vardar (/ˈvɑːrdɑːr/; Macedonian: Вардарⓘ, Albanian: Vardar/-i, Turkish: Vardar) or Axios (Greek: Αξιός, romanized: Aksiós, Albanian: Asi (historically)) is the longest river in North Macedonia and a major river in Greece, where it reaches the Aegean Sea at Thessaloniki. It is 388 km (241 mi) long, out of which 76 km (47 mi) are in Greece, and drains an area of around 25,000 km2 (9,653 sq mi). The maximum depth of the river is 4 m (13 ft).
Bülent Tüfenkci
Bülent Tüfenkci (born 1 January 1966) is a Turkish politician from the Justice and Development Party (AKP) was the Minister of Customs and Trade from 2015 in the third government of Ahmet Davutoğlu. He was also a Member of Parliament for the electoral district of Malatya since 7 June 2015. His surname is sometimes spelt 'Tüfekçi', without an 'n'.

64th cabinet of Turkey
The Third Davutoğlu Cabinet is the 64th government of the Republic of Turkey. The government came into effect after the Justice and Development Party (AKP), led by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, won a parliamentary majority of 84 in the November 2015 general election with 317 seats in the Grand National Assembly and 49.5% of the vote.

President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan formally invited Ahmet Davutoğlu to form a government on 17 November 2015. Amid delays in the formal inauguration that were attributed to disagreements between Erdoğan and Davutoğlu on the government's composition, the government was finalised and accepted on 24 November 2015.

On 22 May 2016, Davutoğlu submitted the government's resignation on behalf of the cabinet to President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan after stepping down as leader of the AKP following reports of disagreements with Erdoğan. The cabinet continued in office until a new government was formed by Davutoğlu's successor as AKP leader, Binali Yıldırım.
Hashidate
The Hashidate (はしだて) is a limited express train service operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) in Japan. One of the services making up JR West's "Kitakinki Big X Network" in northern Kansai, it connects Kyoto Station, Amanohashidate Station and Toyooka Station via the Sanin Main Line and Kyoto Tango Railway's Miyafuku Line and Miyatoyo (Miyazu) Line. The color associated with the service is red.

Toyooka Station (Hyōgo)
Toyooka Station (豊岡駅, Toyooka-eki) is an interchange passenger railway station in the city of Toyooka, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, operated jointly by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and the private operator Kyoto Tango Railway (Willer Trains Inc.).
Rutland-1-2 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Rutland-1-2 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Rutland-1-2 District includes all of the Rutland County towns of Clarendon, Proctor, and West Rutland, and the portion of the town of Ira not included in Rutland-1-1.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Rutland-1-2 District had a population of 7,559 in that same census, 6.89% below the state average.

Vermont House of Representatives districts
Vermont's state House of Representatives consists of 150 members elected from 108 single or two-member districts as provided for in the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. census.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4059 residents per representative.
Tula–Waja languages
The Tula–Waja, or Tula–Wiyaa languages are a branch of the provisional Savanna languages, closest to Kam (Nyingwom), spoken in northeastern Nigeria. They are spoken primarily in southeastern Gombe State and other neighbouring states.

They were labeled "G1" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal and later placed in a Waja–Jen branch of that family.

Guldemann (2018) observes significant internal lexical diversity within Tula-Waja, partly as a result of word tabooing accelerating lexical change. Although noun classes have been lost in Dadiya, Maa, and Yebu, Waja and Tula retain complex noun class systems. Kleinewillinghöfer (1996) also observes many morphological similarities between the Tula–Waja and Central Gur languages, a view shared by Bennett (1983) and Bennett & Sterk (1977).

Kamo language
Kamo (Ma, Nyii Ma) is a Savannas language of Gombe State, eastern Nigeria. Their original settlement was on Kamo Hill, but it was abandoned as the speakers gradually moved down into the plains during the 20th century.
National Speed Limits (Malaysia)
Had Laju Kebangsaan (National Speed Limits) is a set of speed limits applicable on Malaysian expressways, federal roads, state roads and municipal roads. The National Speed Limits was enforced on 1 February 1989 following the National Speed Limit Orders 1989 (Perintah Had Laju Kebangsaan 1989). Like any other countries in the world, failing to obey the speed limit on Malaysian roads and expressways is an offence as subject to Malaysian Road Safety Act 1987, which can be fined up to RM300, depending on the difference between the speed limit and the driven speed.

Malaysian Expressway System
The Malaysian Expressway System (Malay: Sistem Lebuh Raya Ekspres Malaysia; Chinese: 马来西亚高速公路系统) is a network of national controlled-access expressways in Malaysia that forms the primary backbone network of Malaysian national highways. The network began with opening of the Tanjung Malim–Slim River tolled road (part of Federal Route 1) which was opened to traffic on 16 March 1966, followed by the construction of the North–South Expressway (NSE). The system continues to be substantially developed. Malaysian toll road-expressways are built by private companies under the supervision of the government highway authority, Malaysian Highway Authority (abbreviated as MHA; also referred to as Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia (LLM) in Malay). While toll-free expressways are built by Malaysian Public Works Department or Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia (JKR) in Malay.
MSG Prime Minister's Cup
The MSG Prime Minister's Cup, formerly known as the Melanesia Cup, is an association football competition played between the Melanesian countries. It was formerly used (along with the Polynesia Cup) for qualification to the OFC Nations Cup. The original tournament used a round-robin format with every team playing each other once at the tournament's location.

Melanesian Spearhead Group
The Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) is an intergovernmental organization, composed of the four Melanesian states of Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, and the Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front of New Caledonia. In June 2015, Indonesia was recognized as an associate member.

It was founded as a political gathering in 1986. On 23 March 2007, members signed the Agreement Establishing the Melanesian Spearhead Group, formalizing the group under international law. It is headquartered in Port Vila, Vanuatu. A secretariat building was constructed by the People's Republic of China and handed over to the MSG in November 2007. The first Director General of the MSG Secretariat was Rima Ravusiro of Papua New Guinea. Amena Yauvoli of Fiji was the head of the MSG Secretariat from 2016.
Caisse d'Escompte
The Caisse d'Escompte (lit. 'discount bank') was a French financial institution and bank of issue during the last quarter of the 18th century. It was the next significant attempt to create a central bank following the collapse of John Law's Bank in 1720, and a predecessor to the Bank of France established in 1800, which was largely modeled on it.

The Caisse d'Escompte was established by financiers Isaac Panchaud and Thomas Sutton de Clonard in 1776 under king Louis XVI.: 4  Despite a difficult start and frequent episodes of stress linked to France's overall fragile financial situation, it developed promisingly until the French Revolution when it suffered from France's general financial distress. It was eventually terminated by executive order of the National Convention on 24 August 1793.

John Law's Bank
John Law's Bank (French: banque de John Law) was a short-lived but highly consequential financial institution in the Kingdom of France, started by John Law in May 1716 as a private-sector joint-stock company, nationalized in December 1718, and acquired by his Company of the Indies in February 1720. It was France's first bank of issue, and has also been referred to as the country's first central bank.
Hunt Fjord
Hunt Fjord is a fjord in Peary Land, northern Greenland. To the north the fjord has its mouth in the Lincoln Sea of the Arctic Ocean. Administratively it belongs to the Northeast Greenland National Park.

This fjord was named by Robert Peary in 1900.

Peary Land
Peary Land is a peninsula in northern Greenland, extending into the Arctic Ocean. It reaches from Victoria Fjord in the west to Independence Fjord in the south and southeast, and to the Arctic Ocean in the north, with Cape Morris Jesup, the northernmost point of Greenland's mainland, and Cape Bridgman in the northeast.
Egmont National Park
Egmont National Park, officially known as Te Papa-Kura-o-Taranaki, is a national park located south of New Plymouth, close to the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The park covers three volcanic cones: Mount Taranaki and its slopes, Pouākai and Kaitake. The park was first created in 1881 as a forest reserve and went on to become New Zealand’s second national park, preceded by Tongariro National Park, in 1900.

The forest reserve was created within a six-mile (9.7 km) radius around the cone of the dormant Taranaki Maunga volcano. Areas encompassing the older volcanic remnants of Pouākai and Kaitake were later added to the reserve at the northwest side. The forest is surrounded on all sides by pasture, giving it a distinctly circular shape.

The official name of the park was changed from Egmont National Park to Te Papa-Kura-o-Taranaki on 1 April 2025.

Pouākai Range
The Pouākai Range is an eroded and heavily vegetated stratovolcano in the North Island of New Zealand, located northwest of Mount Taranaki. It consists of the remains of a collapsed Pleistocene stratovolcano. The range is surrounded by a ring plain of lahar deposits from a massive collapse that has been dated as roughly 250,000 years old.

The region has been reshaped more recently after each cone collapse from Mount Taranaki.
M. M. Naravane
General Manoj Mukund Naravane PVSM AVSM VSM SM (born 22 April 1960) is a retired Indian Army officer who served as the 28th Chief of the Army Staff (COAS), as well as the temporary Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee from 15 December 2021 until his superannuation on 30 April 2022.

He took over as COAS from General Bipin Rawat on 31 December 2019. Prior to his appointment as the COAS, the general officer served as the 40th Vice Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of Eastern Command and General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Army Training Command. He also served as General Officer Commanding II Corps and also as General Officer Commanding Delhi Area.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Begonia molleri
Begonia molleri is a species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae native to São Tomé, with a local distribution between Monte Café and the Pico, Nova Moka (altitude 850 m). It is notable for its "sausage-shaped", wingless fruit.

B. molleri is an epiphyte with a trailing-scandent growth habit, possibly tolerant of deep-shade. It has succulent leaves, which helps the plant conserve water at increased altitudes where humidity is lower.

It was described in 1892 under the basionym Mezierea molleri by Casimir de Candolle, and was later reclassified into the genus Begonia in 1894 by Otto Warburg. The specific epithet molleri means "of Moller", in honor of Adolpho Frederico Moller, who collected the type specimens on the island of São Tomé in 1885.

Begonia
Begonia  is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Begoniaceae. The genus contains more than 2,000 different plant species, distributed primarily across tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, with Africa considered the center of origin. Some species are commonly grown indoors as ornamental houseplants in cooler climates, or cultivated outside in summertime for their bright colorful flowers, which have petals but no sepals.
Lester Bird
Sir Lester Bryant Bird KNH (21 February 1938 – 9 August 2021) was an Antiguan politician and athlete who served as the second prime minister of Antigua and Barbuda from 1994 to 2004. He was chairman of the Antigua Labour Party (ALP) from 1971 to 1983, then became prime minister when his father, Sir Vere Bird, the previous prime minister, resigned.

Order of the National Hero (Antigua and Barbuda)
The Most Exalted Order of the National Hero is an Antiguan and Barbudan order of chivalry recognising pre-eminently distinguished service to Antigua and Barbuda or to humanity at large. The present Order was established and constituted by the Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda under the National Honours Act 1998. which received Royal Assent from the Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda on 31 December 1998.
Achstetten
Achstetten (German pronunciation: [ˈaxʃtɛtn̩]) is the northernmost municipality in the district of Biberach, in the region of Upper Swabia in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

The villages of Oberholzheim, Bronnen and Stetten were incorporated into the municipality of Achstetten between 1972 and 1975.

Biberach (district)
Biberach (German pronunciation: [ˈbiːbəʁax] ⓘ) is a Landkreis (district) in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Ravensburg, Sigmaringen, Reutlingen and Alb-Donau, and the Bavarian districts Neu-Ulm, Unterallgäu and the district-free city Memmingen. The major towns in the district of Biberach are Biberach an der Riß, Riedlingen, Ochsenhausen and Laupheim.
Kentucky Camp, Arizona
Kentucky Camp is a ghost town and former mining camp along the Arizona Trail in Pima County, Arizona, United States, near the community of Sonoita. The Kentucky Camp Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has been since 1995. As it is located within Coronado National Forest, the United States Forest Service is responsible for the upkeep of the remaining buildings within the Kentucky Camp Historic District.

Coronado National Forest
The Coronado National Forest is a United States National Forest that includes an area of about 1.78 million acres (7,200 km2) spread throughout mountain ranges in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico.

It is located in parts of Cochise, Graham, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Pinal Counties in Arizona, and Hidalgo County in New Mexico.
Logging truck
A logging truck or timber lorry is a large truck used to carry logs. Some have integrated flatbeds, some are discrete tractor units, and some are configured to spread a load between the tractor unit and a dollied trailer pulled behind it. More than one trailer is often attached.

Flatbed truck
A flatbed truck (or flatbed lorry in British English) is a type of truck the bodywork of which is just an entirely flat, level 'bed' with no sides or roof. 
This allows for quick and easy loading of goods, and consequently they are used to transport heavy loads that are not delicate or vulnerable to rain, and also for abnormal loads that require more space than is available on a closed body. Flatbed trucks can be either articulated or rigid.
Sophia Morrison
Sophia Morrison (24 May 1859 – 14 January 1917) was a Manx cultural activist, folklore collector and author. Through her own work and role in encouraging and enthusing others, she is considered to be one of the key figures of the Manx cultural revival. She is best remembered today for writing Manx Fairy Tales, published in 1911, although her greatest influence was as an activist for the revitalisation of Manx culture, particularly through her work with the Manx Language Society and its journal, Mannin, which she edited from 1913 until her death.

Culture of the Isle of Man
The culture of the Isle of Man is influenced by its Celtic and, to a lesser extent, its Norse origins, though its close proximity to the United Kingdom, popularity as a UK tourist destination, and recent mass immigration by British migrant workers has meant that British influence has been dominant since the Revestment period. Recent revival campaigns have attempted to preserve the surviving vestiges of Manx culture after a long period of Anglicisation, and significant interest in the Manx language, history and musical tradition has been the result.