hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treaty of Manila (1946)
The Treaty of Manila of 1946, formally the Treaty of General Relations and Protocol, is a treaty of general relations signed on July 4, 1946, in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It relinquished U.S. sovereignty over the Philippines and recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines. The treaty was signed by High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt as representative of the United States and President Manuel Roxas as representative of the Philippines.

It was signed by US President Harry Truman on August 14, 1946, after the U.S. Senate gave its advice and consent on July 31, 1946, by ratification of the treaty. It was ratified by the Philippines on September 30, 1946. The treaty entered into force on October 22, 1946, when ratifications were exchanged. The treaty was accompanied by a "provisional agreement concerning friendly relations and diplomatic and consular representation" (60 Stat. 1800, TIAS 1539, 6 UNTS 335) until the treaty was ratified.

Ratification
Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments, and in the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states, keeping all parties informed of the situation.

The institution of ratification grants states the necessary time-frame to seek the required approval for the treaty on the domestic level and to enact the necessary legislation to give domestic effect to that treaty. The term applies to private contract law, international treaties, and constitutions in federal states such as the United States and Canada. The term is also used in parliamentary procedure in deliberative assemblies.
Deborah A. Thomas
Deborah Ann Thomas (born 1966) is an American anthropologist and filmmaker. She is the R. Jean Brownlee Professor of Anthropology and Director of the Center for Experimental Ethnography at the University of Pennsylvania. She has published books and articles on the history, culture, and politics of Jamaica; and on human rights, sexuality, and globalization in the Caribbean arena. She has co-produced and co-directed two experimental films, and has co-curated a multimedia exhibit at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.  In 2016, she began a four-year term as editor-in-chief of the journal American Anthropologist.

Before pursuing her career as an anthropologist, Thomas performed as a professional dancer with Urban Bush Women, a New York dance company that used art to promote social equity by illuminating the experiences of disenfranchised people.

Penn Museum
The University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, branded as Penn Museum, is a museum at the University of Pennsylvania. It is located on Penn's campus in the University City neighborhood of Philadelphia, at the intersection of 33rd and South Streets. Housing over 1.3 million artifacts, the museum features one of the most comprehensive collections of Middle and Near-Eastern art in the world.
Pauline Jewett
Pauline Jewett PC OC (11 December 1922 – 5 July 1992) was a Canadian academic and politician. In her political career, she served in the House of Commons of Canada for the Liberal Party and later the New Democratic Party.

King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada), sometimes called His Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal advisors to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Practically, the tenets of responsible government require the sovereign or his viceroy, the governor general, almost always to follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected members of Parliament. Those summoned to the Privy Council are appointed for life by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The group is composed predominantly of former Cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Privy counsellors are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.
Goethe Way
Goethe Way (German: Goetheweg) is the name given to a number of footpaths or trails that run through various regions in Germany and the Alps (e.g. through the Harz mountains, Thuringian Forest, Alps) as well as a railway station (Goetheweg station) on the Brocken Railway. They are all named after the German poet, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Goetheweg station
Goetheweg station (German: Bahnhof Goetheweg) is located between the stations of Schierke and Brocken on the Brocken Railway in the Harz Mountains of Central Germany at a height of 956 m above sea level. The track layout today consists, as in the past, of a horizontal reversing track (Rückdrückgleis) and just one turnout, whilst the running line maintains its continuous gradient of 33 permille.
Torre Triana
Torre Triana is an administrative building belonging to the Junta de Andalucía in Sevilla, Spain. Built in 1993, it stands at 55 m (180 ft) tall with 8 floors and was designed by the Navarrese architect Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza.

Regional Government of Andalusia
The Regional Government of Andalusia (Spanish: Junta de Andalucía) is the government of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. It consists of the Parliament, the President of the Regional Government and the Government Council. The 2011 budget was 31.7 billion euros. It employs about 500,000 workers.
Jonathan Mogbo
Jonathan Michael Mogbo (/ˈmoʊboʊ/ MOH-boh; born October 29, 2001) is an American basketball player for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Independence CC Pirates, the Northeastern Oklahoma A&M Golden Norsemen, the Missouri State Bears and the San Francisco Dons.

Northeastern Oklahoma A&M College
Northeastern Oklahoma A&M College (NEO) is a public community college in Miami, Oklahoma. Established as the Miami School of Mines in 1919, NEO has an enrollment of approximately two thousand students.  The Golden Norsemen is the school mascot.
Joseph Dabrowski (born 1964)
Joseph Andrzej Dabrowski CSMA (born July 17, 1964) is a Polish-Canadian prelate of the Catholic Church who has served as the 14th Bishop of the Diocese of Charlottetown from June 29, 2023 until 2025. He now serves as the 10th Bishop of the Diocese of Hamilton. Pope Leo XIV appointed Bishop Dabrowski the Bishop of Hamilton on November 1, 2025 although his official installation was on February 2, 2026. He previously served as auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of London, Ontario from 2015 to 2023. Prior to being consecrated a bishop, he was the North American superior of the Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel beginning in 2013. On April 2, 2023, Pope Francis appointed Dabrowski Bishop of the Diocese of Charlottetown following the retirement of Bishop Richard Grecco.

Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel
The Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel (Latin: Congregatio Sancti Michaëlis Archangeli) abbreviated CSMA, also known as the Michaelites, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men (brothers and priests) founded by the Blessed Father Bronisław Markiewicz, a Polish priest from Miejsce Piastowe, Poland. The Congregation  of Saint Michael the Archangel is one of the 30 officially recognized groups of the Salesian Family of Don Bosco.
Fresvik
Fresvik is a village in Vik Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the southern shore of the Sognefjorden, just west of where the Aurlandsfjorden joins the Sognefjorden. Fresvik sits about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) south of Leikanger-Hermansverk, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the municipal center of Vikøyri, and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of the village of Feios. The population (2001) of Fresvik is approximately 275.

This village provides a starting point for hikes into the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Nærøyfjord which is 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) south, and also to the Fresvikbreen glacier which is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of the village. Fresvik has been hosting the Fres music festival in July annually since 2005.  Fresvik Church is located in the village, serving the eastern part of the municipality.

Hermansverk
Hermansverk or Leikanger is the administrative centre of Sogndal Municipality in Vestland County, Norway. The village also serves as the seat of the County Governor of Vestland County.

The 2.04-square-kilometre (500-acre) village of Hermansverk/Leikanger has a population (2025) of 2,294 and a population density of 1,125 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,910/sq mi).
Atuatuca
Atuatuca (or Aduatuca) is the name of two ancient fortified settlements located in the eastern part of modern Belgium, between the Scheldt and Rhine rivers. The oldest one, Atuatuca Eboronum, attested during the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), was the stronghold of the Eburones. The other one, Atuatuca Tungrorum (modern Tongeren), founded around 10 BC, was the Roman-era capital of the Civitas Tungrorum, inhabited by the Tungri.

Tungri
The Tungri (or Tongri, or Tungrians) were a tribe, or group of tribes, who lived in the Belgic part of Gaul, during the times of the Roman Empire. Within the Roman Empire, their territory was called the Civitas Tungrorum. They were described by Tacitus as being the same people who were first called "Germani" (Germanic), meaning that all other tribes who were later referred to this way, including those in Germania east of the river Rhine, were named after them. More specifically, Tacitus was thereby equating the Tungri with the "Germani Cisrhenani" described generations earlier by Julius Caesar.

Their name is the source of several place names in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands, including Tongeren, which was the capital of their Roman era province, the civitas Tungrorum, and also places such as Tongerlo Abbey, and Tongelre.
Edel Bhreathnach
Edel Bhreathnach is an Irish historian and academic and former CEO of the Discovery Programme.

Bhreathnach was a Tara Research Fellow for the Discovery Programme from 1992 to 2000. In 2005 she was appointed Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Mícheál Ó Cléirigh Institute for the study of Irish History and Civilization, at University College Dublin. In 2013, she left her role in the Ó Cléirigh Institute to rejoin the Discovery Programme as CEO.  Her particular areas of interest concern the history of Tara in County Meath, dynastic politics in the kingdoms of Mide and Leinster.She is currently part of the Monastic Ireland network and has published a major study on monasticism in Ireland AD900-1250 (Four Courts Press, 2024).

Kingdom of Meath
Meath (/miːð/ MEEDH; Modern Irish: Mí; Old Irish: Mide [ˈmʲiðʲe]) was a kingdom in Ireland from the 1st to the 12th century AD. Its name means "middle," denoting its location in the middle of the island.

At its greatest extent, it included all of County Meath (which takes its name from the kingdom), all of County Westmeath, and parts of counties Cavan, Dublin, Kildare, Longford, Louth and Offaly.
Terry Rooney (baseball coach)
Terry Rooney (born November 29, 1973) is an American baseball coach and former pitcher, who is the current pitching coach for the University of South Carolina Gamecocks.  He played college baseball at Davis & Elkins College in 1993, transferring to Radford where he played from 1994 to 1996. Rooney then served as the head coach of the UCF Knights (2009–2016) and the interim head coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide (2017).

Alabama Crimson Tide baseball
The Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team represents the University of Alabama in NCAA Division I college baseball.  Along with most other Alabama athletic teams, the baseball team participates in the Southeastern Conference. The team plays its home games on campus at Sewell–Thomas Stadium.
Justine Dufour-Lapointe
Justine Dufour-Lapointe (born March 25, 1994)  is a Canadian freestyle and freeride skier. She was the Olympic champion in the moguls event at the 2014 Winter Olympics and won a silver medal in moguls at the 2018 Winter Olympics. The gold and silver she and her sister Chloe Dufour-Lapointe won in 2014 was the first time that Canadian sisters stood together on the podium, and the fourth time ever by all nations. In winning the Olympics, she became the youngest freestyle skiing Olympic champion ever at nineteen years of age. Dufour-Lapointe was the FIS World Cup rookie of the year for the 2010–11 season. Dufour-Lapointe was the world champion in moguls at the 2015 World Championships has also won a silver and two other bronze medals in the moguls event at the Freestyle World Ski Championships.

She started competing in the Freeride World Tour in 2023, winning the season in her first year of competition and repeating as World Tour champion in 2025.

FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2015
The 2015 FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships were held in Kreischberg, Austria from January 15–25, 2015. In 2014, the FIS (International Ski Federation) decided to merge the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships with the FIS Snowboarding World Championships starting with these championships. The Austrian municipality of Kreischberg was awarded the event in 2010.

Qualification for the women's aerials event began a day before the opening ceremony. Freestyle skiers competed in six disciplines: moguls, dual moguls, ski cross, slopestyle, halfpipe and aerials. Snowboarders competed in six disciplines: halfpipe, slopestyle, parallel slalom, parallel giant slalom, big air and snowboard cross.
Noyelles-sur-Mer station
Noyelles-sur-Mer is a railway station serving the town Noyelles-sur-Mer, Somme department, northern France. It is served by mainline trains on the Boulogne - Abbeville line, and also by the Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme heritage railway trains to Le Crotoy, Saint-Valery-sur-Somme and Cayeux-sur-Mer.

Saint-Valery-sur-Somme
Saint-Valery-sur-Somme (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ valʁi syʁ sɔm], literally Saint-Valery on Somme; Picard: Saint-Wary), commune in the Somme department, is a seaport and resort on the south bank of the River Somme estuary. The town's medieval character and ramparts, its Gothic church and long waterside boardwalk, make it a popular tourist destination.
Penovsky District
Penovsky District  (Russian: Пе́новский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Ostashkovsky District in the north, Selizharovsky District in the east, Andreapolsky District in the south, and with Maryovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 2,385 square kilometers (921 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Peno. Population: 6,864 (2010 Census);  8,523 (2002 Census); 10,291 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Peno accounts for 61.5% of the district's total population.

Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (Russian: Тверская область, romanized: Tverskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (Russian: Калининская область). Population: 1,353,392 (2010 census).

Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much of the remaining area is occupied by the Valdai Hills, where the Volga, the Western Dvina, and the Dnieper have their source.

Tver Oblast is one of the tourist regions of Russia with a modern tourist infrastructure. There are many historic towns, such as Torzhok, Zubtsov, Kashin, Vyshny Volochyok, and Kalyazin. The oldest of these is Rzhev, primarily known for the Battles of Rzhev in World War II and the Rzhev Memorial. Staritsa was the seat of the last appanage principality in Russia, while Ostashkov, located on lake Seliger, is a major center of recreational and nature tourism.
Conflans, Savoie
Conflans (also spelled Conflens) is a former medieval town located in the historical region of Tarentaise. It is now a district of the municipality of Albertville, in the Savoie department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, France.

Historically fortified, Conflans controlled access to the Tarentaise Valley. In the 19th century, it served as the administrative center of the Haute-Savoie province. On December 19, 1835, it was merged with the nearby village of L’Hôpital-sous-Conflans, situated in the valley below, to form the town of Albertville.

Tarentaise Valley
The Tarentaise Valley (French: Vallée de la Tarentaise, pronounced [vale də la taʁɑ̃tɛz]; Arpitan: Tarentèsa; Italian: Tarantasia) is a valley of the Isère River in the heart of the French Alps, located in the Savoy region of France. The valley is named for the ancient town of Darantasia, the capital of the pre-Roman Centrones tribe.
Holy Mary mountain
Holy Mary mountain, (Russian: Гора Святой Марии), is a landmark,   in the neighborhood of Rostov Veliky, an object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation, a collection of natural and cultural monuments. It is located near the village of Filimonovo in the Petrovskoye settlement of the Rostovsky District of the Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. The area is situated on the bank of the Sara river. It includes archaeological sites: a medieval settlement (gorodishche) with a cemetery, a burial mound, and the sites of ancient settlements (selishche).

The archaeological sites are complemented by deciduous forests: oaks, maples, black alder, elms, and ash trees. Biologists have found representatives of flora and fauna listed in the IUCN Red List here.

Rostov Veliky
Rostov Veliky  (Russian: Ростов Великий, IPA: [rɐˈstof vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj], Rostov the Great) is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, one of the oldest in the country and a tourist center of the Golden Ring. It is located on the shores of Lake Nero, 202 kilometers (126 mi) northeast of Moscow. Population: 30,406 (2021 census); 31,792 (2010 census); 34,141 (2002 census); 35,707 (1989 Soviet census).

The name of the town was officially changed to Rostov Veliky on 8 January 2025. The name of the town railway station is Rostov Yaroslavsky, due to its location in Yaroslavl Oblast.
West Baden Springs Hotel
The West Baden Springs Hotel, formerly the West Baden Inn, is part of the French Lick Resort and is a national historic landmark hotel in West Baden Springs, Indiana. It has a 200-foot (61 m) dome over its atrium.
Prior to the completion of the Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina, in 1955, the dome was the largest free-spanning dome in the United States. From 1902 to 1913 it was the largest dome in the world. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, the hotel became a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark and one of the hotels in the National Trust for Historic Preservation's Historic Hotels of America program.

National Trust for Historic Preservation
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America’s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy.
Chah-e Hasan Rural District
Chah-e Hasan Rural District (Persian: دهستان چاه حسن) is in Chah-e Hasan District of Jazmurian County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Chah-e Hasan Ahmadi, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 173 in 43 households.

Chah-e Hasan District
Chah-e Hasan District (Persian: بخش چاه حسن) is in Jazmurian County, Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mohammadabad-e Kataki, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 1,548 people in 363 households.
Mohammad Naser Khan Zahir od-Dowleh
Mohammad Naser Khan Zahir od-Dowleh (Persian: محمدناصرخان ظهیرالدوله) was an Iranian official from the Qajar tribe, who served in several high-ranking offices, including as the Minister of Justice in 1871 or 1872. He was the father of Ali Khan Zahir od-Dowleh, a prominent politician and scholar.

Qajar (tribe)
The Qajars (Persian: ایل قاجار, romanized: Il-e Ǧâjâr; Azerbaijani: قاجارلار, romanized: Qacarlar) are a clan of the Bayat tribe of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran.

By the end of the Safavid era, the Qajars had split into several factions. These included the Ziyādoghlu (Ziādlu), associated with the area of Ganja and Yerevan, as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran. In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan, a Qajar chief of the Qoyunlu branch, was crowned Shah of Iran, founding the Qajar dynasty, which ruled Iran until 1925.
Lauri Tukonen
Lauri Tukonen (born September 1, 1986) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player. Tukonen has played in North America for the Los Angeles Kings organization and is a former member of Finnish clubs, Espoo Blues, Ilves and TPS. He is currently a player development coach for the Calgary Flames organization.

Ilves
Tampereen Ilves, commonly known as Ilves, (pronounced [ˈilʋes]; Finnish for "Lynx") is a Finnish professional ice hockey team based in Tampere. They play in the Liiga at the Nokia Arena.

The colors of Ilves, green, yellow, and black, were taken from what was then the coat of arms of the city of Tampere.
Miss North Dakota
The Miss North Dakota competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of North Dakota in the Miss America pageant. The first Miss North Dakota to compete at Miss America was Kitty Page in 1949.  In 2017, Cara Mund became the first North Dakotan to win the Miss America title, when she won the Miss America 2018 pageant.

Kennedy DeLap of Bismarck was crowned Miss North Dakota 2025 on June 7, 2025, at Bakken Auditorium in Williston, North Dakota. She competed for the title of Miss America 2026.

Miss America 2018
Miss America 2018, the 91st Miss America pageant, though the Miss America Organization celebrated its 97th anniversary in 2017. This discrepancy is due to no national pageants being held from 1928 to 1932 or in 1934 because of financial problems associated with the Great Depression. The 2018 pageant was held in Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on Sunday, September 10, 2017. This was the first Miss America pageant to be held in Atlantic City since the Miss America Organization headquarters relocated to Boardwalk Hall.

The event was broadcast by the American Broadcasting Company (ABC).

On July 24, 2017, it was announced that Chris Harrison and Sage Steele would be returning to co-host the Miss America pageant for the second year in a row.

Cara Mund of North Dakota became Miss America 2018 at the end of the event.