hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheikh Ahmad Rouhi
Sheikh Ahmad Rouhi (Persian: شیخ احمد روحی) was an Iranian writer, political thinker, and libertarian. He is best known for his work with Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī in Istanbul and for writing nationalist and libertarian works. His famous book, Hasht Behesht, is about Bábism beliefs and critiques of Baháʼí Faith.

Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani
Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani (Persian: میرزا آقا خان کرمانی;‎ 1854 – 1896/97) was an Iranian intellectual reformer, a Babi, and son-in-law of Subh-i-Azal. In his writings, he advocates for political, social, and religious reform characteristic of his generation of intellectuals whose reformist ideas and engagement with sociopolitical themes set the stage for the Constitutional Revolution of 1906, and the political and literary changes that were to follow.

Kermani was also a literary critic and like many of his contemporaries an advocate of simpler, more accessible prose. He believed that meaning as opposed to the mode of expression exerts real influence on the reader. He thus discouraged the destruction of the natural clarity of language by means of complicated metaphors, difficult words, long sentences, and complex expressions.
Puerto Rican boa
The Puerto Rican boa (Chilabothrus inornatus), most commonly known as Culebrón ("big snake"), is a large species of boa endemic to Puerto Rico. It is a terrestrial and arboreal snake with a pale brown to dark brown coloration. It grows to 1.9 m (6.2 ft) in length. It feeds on small mammals such as rodents and bats, birds and sometimes anole lizards. Like most boas, it is viviparous (bearing live young) and kills its prey using constriction.

Anolis
Anolis is a genus of anoles, iguanian lizards in the family Dactyloidae, native to the Americas. With more than 425 species, it represents the world's most species-rich amniote tetrapod genus, although many of these have been proposed to be moved to other genera, in which case only about 45 Anolis species remain. Previously, it was classified under the family Polychrotidae that contained all the anoles, as well as Polychrus, but recent studies place it in the Dactyloidae.
Westfield Carousel
Westfield Carousel is an Australian shopping centre in the Perth suburb of Cannington. It is located approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the Perth central business district on the Albany Highway and approximately 600 metres (2,000 ft) from Cannington railway station. Following a redevelopment in 2018, Westfield Carousel became the largest shopping centre in Western Australia. This was since surpassed by the redevelopment of Karrinyup Shopping Centre, which is subsequently expected to be overtaken by the approved but incomplete expansion of Westfield Booragoon.

Cannington railway station
Cannington is a suburban railway station on the Armadale and Thornlie–Cockburn lines, serving the suburb of Cannington south of Perth, Western Australia. It is located 12.2 kilometres (7.6 mi) from Perth Station, and is part of the Transperth commuter rail network. It temporarily closed on 20 November 2023 and was rebuilt as part of the Victoria Park-Canning Level Crossing Removal Project; it reopened on 8 June 2025.
Somerset Academy Inc.
Somerset Academy Inc. is a non-profit charter management organization based in Pembroke Pines, Florida. It has a network of 80 schools in Florida, Nevada, Texas, Arizona and Spain. 
In 2015, Somerset operated charter schools enrolling 14,951 students on a hybrid basis.: 90  Somerset partners with Academica, a for-profit education management organization.

For-profit education
For-profit education (also known as the education services industry or proprietary education) refers to educational institutions operated by private, profit-seeking businesses. For-profit education is common in many parts of the world, constituting more than 70% of the higher education sector in Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and the Philippines.
Binary decision
A binary decision is a choice between two alternatives, for instance between taking some specific action or not taking it.

Binary decisions are basic to many fields. Examples include:

Truth values in mathematical logic, and the corresponding Boolean data type in computer science, representing a value which may be chosen to be either true or false.

Conditional statements (if-then or if-then-else) in computer science, binary decisions about which piece of code to execute next.

Decision trees and binary decision diagrams, representations for sequences of binary decisions.

Binary choice, a statistical model for the outcome of a binary decision.

Binary decision diagram
In computer science, a binary decision diagram (BDD) or branching program is a data structure that is used to represent a Boolean function. On a more abstract level, BDDs can be considered as a compressed representation of sets or relations. Unlike other compressed representations, operations are performed directly on the compressed representation, i.e. without decompression.

Similar data structures include negation normal form (NNF), Zhegalkin polynomials, and propositional directed acyclic graphs (PDAG).
Kainikkara Padmanabha Pillai
Kainikkara Padmanabha Pillai (10 October 1898 – 30 January 1976), popularly identified as Swathithirunal Kainikkara Padmanabha Pillai after his magnum opus, Swathithirunal, was an Indian author of Malayalam literature, actor, speaker, teacher and thinker. He was known for his plays which dealt with themes such as patriotism, sacrifice and justice and his characters showed heroism, showing influence of William Shakespeare. Kerala Sahitya Akademi awarded him their annual award for drama in 1970. He was also a recipient of the Kalyani Krishna Menon Puraskaram.

Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Drama
The Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Drama is an award given every year by the Kerala Sahitya Akademi (Kerala Literary Academy) to Malayalam writers for writing a drama of literary merit. It is one of the twelve categories of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award.
H. Neill Wilson
H. (Henry) Neill Wilson (1855 in Glendale, Ohio – 1926 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts) was an architect with his father James Keys Wilson in Cincinnati, Ohio; on his own in Minneapolis, Minnesota; and for most of his career in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The buildings he designed include the Rookwood Pottery building in Ohio and several summer cottages in Berkshire County, Massachusetts.

Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pittsfield is the most populous city in and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses Berkshire County. Pittsfield’s population was 43,927 at the 2020 census. Although its population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third-largest municipality in Western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.

In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the number-one medium-sized community in the nation for the arts.
David Jesson
David Frederick St John Jesson (born 23 August 1935) is a British educationalist and a professor in the Department of Economics at the University of York, who studied specialist schools and value-added performance (CVA).

Contextual value added
Contextual value added (CVA) is a statistic that was used by the government of the United Kingdom to assess the performance of schools. It was superseded by expected progress and then Progress 8.

The statistic is intended to show the progress children have made whilst attending a particular school.  Unlike statistics such as exam performance, contextual value added attempts to take into account the circumstances of children attending the school that are beyond the school's control.
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Juan Manuel Márquez
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Juan Manuel Márquez, billed as Number One/Número Uno, was a welterweight professional boxing match which took place on September 19, 2009, at the MGM Grand Arena in Las Vegas between five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. (39–0, 25 KO) and three-division champion Juan Manuel Márquez (50–4–1, 37 KO). The fight served as a return to the ring for Mayweather, who, after his knock out victory of Ricky Hatton in December 2007, initially announced he would take a two-year layoff from boxing, later announcing that he was retiring.

Mayweather successfully returned, winning a unanimous decision.

MGM Grand Garden Arena
The MGM Grand Garden Arena is a 17,000-seat multi-purpose arena within the MGM Grand resort, located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The venue opened on December 31, 1993, with a concert by Barbra Streisand, and subsequent concerts by Luther Vandross, Anita Mui and Janet Jackson.
Pincon Spirit Limited
Pincon Spirit Limited (PSL), formerly Sarang Viniyog Ltd., incorporated in 1978, is an Indian company that manufactures industrial alcohol, Indian-made foreign liquor (IMFL), country liquor and desi darus. Monoranjan Roy serves as the chairman and managing director of the company. It is listed with the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India.

Desi daru
Desi daru (Hindi: देसी दारू), also known as country liquor or Indian-made Indian liquor (IMIL), is a local category of liquor produced on the Indian subcontinent, as opposed to Indian-made foreign liquor. Due to cheap prices, country liquor is the most popular alcoholic beverage among the impoverished people. It is fermented and distilled from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane. Desi liquor is a broad term and it can include both legally and illegally made local alcohol. The term desi daru usually refers to legal alcohol while other types of country liquor (arrack and palm toddy) may be categorised as moonshine alcohol.
Denis-Christel Sassou Nguesso
Denis-Christel Sassou Nguesso (born 14 January 1975) is a Congolese politician. He is the son of President of Congo-Brazzaville Denis Sassou Nguesso. Denis Christel was administrator-general of Cotrade and was subsequently appointed deputy director-general of the National Petroleum Company of the Congo (Société nationale des pétroles du Congo, SNPC) in December 2010. He was elected to the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville in 2012.

Société Nationale des Pétroles du Congo
Société nationale des pétroles du Congo (the National Petroleum Company of the Congo, SNPC) is the national oil company of the Republic of the Congo. The company was established in 1998 after the dissolution of the public company Hydro-Congo. The company manages government-owned shares of production from oil fields in the country. The company has stakes in Moho-Bilondo (15%), Nkossa (15%), M'Boundi (8.8%), Kitina (35%), Sendji (15%), Yanga (15%), Djambala (35%), Foukanda (35%), Mwafi (35%), Emeraude (49%), Yombo (44%), Tilapia (35%), Azurite (15%), and Turquoise Marine-1 (15%) fields. It owns the refinery company named Congolaise de Raffinage (CORAF).
Amboy, Washington
Amboy (/ˈæmbɔɪ/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,838 at the 2020 census, up from 1,608 at the 2010 census. It is located 33 miles northeast of Vancouver which is part of the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area.

Vancouver, Washington
Vancouver (/væn.ˈkuː.vər/ ⓘ van-KOO-vər) is a city in Clark County, Washington, United States, located on the north bank of the Columbia River. It had a population of 190,915 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth-most populous city in Washington. Founded in 1825 and incorporated in 1857, the city was originally established around Fort Vancouver, a fur trading outpost, and is situated directly north of Portland, Oregon, along the Washington–Oregon state line. Vancouver serves as the county seat of Clark County and is part of the Portland metropolitan area.
USS Caloosahatchee
USS Caloosahatchee (AO-98) was a Cimarron-class fleet oiler constructed for the United States Navy for use in World War II but commissioned too late for service in that conflict.  However, she had a lengthy career during the Cold War that followed.  She was the only U.S. Navy ship to bear the name Caloosahatchee, after the Caloosahatchee River in southwest Florida.

Caloosahatchee (AO-98) was launched 2 June 1945 by Bethlehem Steel-Sparrows Point Shipyard, Inc., Sparrows Point, Maryland, under a United States Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs. C. L. Andrews; acquired by the Navy 10 October 1945; commissioned the same day and reported to Commander, Service Force, Atlantic Fleet.

Replenishment oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers.

The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler; construction of the first is planned for 2026.
Chita Daini Thermal Power Station
Chita Daini Thermal Power Station (知多第二火力発電所, Chita Dai-ni Karyoku Hatsudensho) is an LNG-fired thermal power station operated by JERA in the city of Chita, Aichi, Japan. The facility is located on reclaimed land at the east side of Ise Bay. It is located about three kilometers northeast of the Chita Thermal Power Station.

JERA
JERA (Japanese: 株式会社JERA, romanized: Kabushikigaisha JERA) is a 50-50 joint venture between TEPCO Fuel & Power, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tokyo Electric Power Company, and Chubu Electric Power, founded in April 2015. The company assumed ownership and operation of all of Tokyo Electric and Chubu Electric thermal power stations, giving it a total output of approximately 67 GW (including capacity under construction), which made it Japan's largest power generation company. The electricity generated is wholesaled to retail electric utilities such as TEPCO Energy Partner and Chubu Electric Power, and is not supplied directly to consumers. Fossil fuels comprised 97% of JERA’s global installed power generation capacity and nearly all domestic operations, while renewables represented 3% globally and 0.2% in Japan as of FY2023.
Gibadulla Murtasin
Gibadulla Murtasin (Гибадулла Муртазин, Tatar: Гобәйдулла Мортаза / عبيدالله مرتضى, Ğobəydulla Mortaza; October 25, 1895 – July 28, 1968) was a teacher among the Tatar community of Tampere and Helsinki, Finland. He also contributed to their cultural life by organizing theater plays among other things. Murtasin was born in Turkestan.

Turkestan
Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert to the east, and Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik-Persian minorities. It is subdivided into West Turkestan, which historically belonged to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and East Turkestan (identified either with the Tarim Basin/Southern Xinjiang or with Xinjiang as a whole), which forms part of China.

Throughout history, the region has been exposed to the invasion of several different groups and kingdoms, including the Huns, Hepthalites, Bactrians, Imperial China, Arab Caliphate,  Hellenistic Macedonian Empire, Achaemenid Empire,  as well as various Turkic states and the Mongol Empire. The Qara Khitai also briefly controlled a significant bulk of Turkestan.
SS Flying Lark
SS Flying Lark was a ship built in Fredrikstad, Norway in 1915 as the banana boat SS Honduras. Over a 43 year career that spanned oceans and seas the world over she had 10 owners, eight names and a succession of different managers.

She is best known today as the Flying Lark, given to her by her final owners in 1957. That is the name she bore in the Moluccas in eastern Indonesia in April 1958 when a CIA aircraft involved in a covert mission against the Sukarno government attacked and sank her, killing at least nine of her crew.

Banana boat (ship)
Banana boat is a descriptive nickname that was given to fast ships, also called banana carriers, engaged in the banana trade. They were designed to transport easily spoiled bananas rapidly from tropical growing areas to North America and Europe. They often carried passengers as well as fruit.
Avian bornavirus
Avian bornaviruses are a group of RNA viruses that may cause disease, particularly proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), in infected birds that develop autoimmunity and inflammation of neural ganglia. A number of species have been sequenced from infected parrots, passerines, waterfowl, and shorebirds. The viruses fall under the genus Orthobornavirus in the family Bornaviridae, which also contains non-avian bornaviruses.

Proventricular dilatation disease
Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is an incurable probably viral disease of psittacine birds. It was first recognized and described in 1978 by Dr. Hannis L. Stoddard. Since the first reported cases were involving species of macaw, the condition was termed macaw wasting syndrome.
Earl of Monmouth
Earl of Monmouth was a title that was created twice in the Peerage of England. The title was first created for English courtier Robert Carey, 1st Baron Carey in 1626. He had already been created Baron Carey, of Leppington, in 1622, also in the Peerage of England. The titles became extinct upon the death of his son, the second Earl, who died without surviving male issue in 1661. The second creation, in 1689, was for the great-grandson of the first Earl of the first creation, Charles Mordaunt, 2nd Viscount Mordaunt. In 1697 he succeeded his uncle as Earl of Peterborough. See the latter title for more information.

In 1701, Charles Middleton, previously 2nd Earl of Middleton was awarded the Jacobite peerages of Earl of Monmouth and Viscount Clermont in the Peerage of England.

Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth
Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth (ca. 1560 – 12 April 1639) (or "Cary") was an English nobleman and courtier. He was the youngest son of Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon, chamberlain and first cousin of Queen Elizabeth I, and Anne Morgan, daughter of Sir Thomas Morgan and Anne Whitney.
Finnur Freyr Stefánsson
Finnur Freyr Stefánsson (born 29 October 1983) is an Icelandic professional basketball coach. With KR, he won the  Icelandic championship five years in a row from 2014 to 2018 and the Icelandic Men's Basketball Cup in 2016 and 2017. He has served as an assistant coach to the Icelandic men's national basketball team from 2014, helping the team to EuroBasket 2015 and EuroBasket 2017.

Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild karla (English: Men's Premier League), also known as Bónus deild karla for sponsorship reasons, is the highest men's professional basketball competition among clubs in Iceland, where play determines the national champion. It is organized by the Icelandic Basketball Federation (Icelandic: Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ).
The season consists of a home-and-away schedule of 22 games, followed by an eight-team playoff round. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals series are best-of-five. The bottom clubs are relegated, and replaced by the top team from the regular-season phase and the four-team playoff round winner of the second-level First Division (Icelandic: 1. deild karla).
Christopher McDermott
Christopher McDermott (born 7 June 1989) is a British handball player. He competed as part of Team GB at the 2012 London Olympic Games. He currently coaches the GB Men's Under 20s. Past clubs include R.D. Slovan of Slovenia, Danish Liga side Aarhus G.F. and German Bundasliga side TUSEM Essen. In June 2015 he became the Great Britain handball team's most-capped player, surpassing Mick Hegarty's long-standing record of 55 caps set in the 1980s.

Great Britain men's national handball team
The Great Britain men's national handball team is the national handball team of Great Britain and is controlled by the British Handball Association which is jointly operated by the England Handball Association and the Scottish Handball Association.

Formed in 1969, the team took part in international competitions from 1972 to 2003. The team was reformed in order to participate in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, for which it automatically qualified for as the host.
Rose Chernin
Rose Chernin (September 14, 1901 – September 8, 1995) was a Russian-born naturalized U.S. citizen. She was a member of the Communist Party and became notable for her left-wing activism which eventually led to her arrest in 1951. She was charged with forming a conspiracy to overthrow the government under the Smith Act of 1940 and spent a year in jail. The Immigration and Naturalization Service attempted to deport her, but their efforts were preempted by the 1957 ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States that the Smith Act was unconstitutional.

Smith Act
The Alien Registration Act, popularly known as the Smith Act, 76th United States Congress, 3rd session, ch. 439, 54 Stat. 670, 18 U.S.C. § 2385 is a United States federal statute that was enacted on June 28, 1940. It set criminal penalties for advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government by force or violence, and required all foreigners over the age of 14 to register with the federal government.

Approximately 215 people were indicted under the legislation, including alleged communists and socialists. Prosecutions under the Smith Act continued until a series of U.S. Supreme Court decisions in 1957 reversed a number of convictions under the Act as being unconstitutional. The law has been amended several times.
Ronald Ojeda
Ronald Leandro Ojeda Moreno (2 September 1991– disappeared 21 February 2024) was a Venezuelan former army lieutenant and political dissident who opposed the government of Nicolás Maduro. Escaping imprisonment, Ojeda fled Venezuela in 2017 and was later granted political asylum in Chile in 2023.

On the 21 February 2024, Ojeda was abducted from his home by individuals posing as Chilean investigative police, and was found on 1 March 2024, dismembered and buried under concrete. The subsequent investigation by Chilean authorities suggested that Ojeda's murder was politically motivated, and was possibly orchestrated by the Venezuelan authorities with involvement from Tren de Aragua.

Investigations Police of Chile
Investigations Police of Chile (Spanish: Policía de Investigaciones de Chile, PDI) are the civilian investigative police force of Chile. Founded in 1933, it is one of two Chilean police bodies, along with the Carabineros de Chile. The PDI is the principal law enforcement arm of the Public Prosecutor's Office of Chile in criminal investigation.