hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DFTB
The Density Functional Based Tight Binding method is an approximation to density functional theory, which reduces the Kohn-Sham equations to a form of tight binding  related to the Harris functional. The original  approximation limits interactions to a non-self-consistent two center hamiltonian between confined atomic states. In the late 1990s a second-order expansion of the Kohn-Sham energy enabled a charge self-consistent treatment of systems  where Mulliken charges of the atoms are solved self-consistently. This expansion has been continued to the 3rd order in charge fluctuations  and with respect to spin fluctuations.

Unlike empirical tight binding the (single particle) wavefunction of the resulting system is available, since the integrals used to produce the matrix elements are calculated using a set of atomic basis functions.

Tight binding
In solid-state physics, the tight-binding model (or TB model) is an approach to the calculation of electronic band structure using an approximate set of wave functions based upon superposition of wave functions for isolated atoms located at each atomic site. The method is closely related to the LCAO method (linear combination of atomic orbitals method) used in chemistry. Tight-binding models are applied to a wide variety of solids. The model gives good qualitative results in many cases and can be combined with other models that give better results where the tight-binding model fails. Though the tight-binding model is a one-electron model, the model also provides a basis for more advanced calculations like the calculation of surface states and application to various kinds of many-body problem and quasiparticle calculations.
Judith Guichon
Judith Isabel Guichon, OBC (born 1947) is a Canadian rancher and organizer who served as the 29th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, serving from 2012 to 2018. She was the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II in the province of British Columbia, and was appointed by Governor General David Johnston on the advice of then-Prime Minister Stephen Harper.

Order of British Columbia
The Order of British Columbia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Instituted in 1989 by Lieutenant Governor David Lam, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier Bill Vander Zalm, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former British Columbia residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the British Columbia Crown.
Carl Piper
Count Carl Piper (July 29, 1647, Stockholm – May 29, 1716, Schlüsselburg) was a Swedish statesman. He entered the foreign office after completing his academical course at Uppsala, accompanied Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna on his embassage to Russia in 1673, and attracted the attention of Charles XI during the Scanian War with his extraordinary energy and ability.

Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna
Count Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna (1623–1702) was a Swedish soldier and statesman who served as Foreign Minister from 1680 to 1697. He ensured Sweden's neutrality during this period and moved the country away from its traditional alliance with France.
Big Pine Paiute Tribe of the Owens Valley
The Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation are a federally recognized tribe of Mono and Timbisha Indians in California.

The Big Pine Reservation is located 18 miles (29 km) from Bishop, at the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada. The tribal headquarters is in Big Pine, California.
The tribe has 462 enrolled citizens.  As of the 2010 Census the reservation had a population of 499.

Timbisha
The Timbisha ("rock paint", Timbisha language: Nümü Tümpisattsi) are a Native American tribe federally recognized as the Death Valley Timbisha Shoshone Band of California. They are known as the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe and are located in south central California, near the Nevada border. As of the 2010 Census the population of the Village was 124. The older members still speak the ancestral language, also called Timbisha.
Ann-Helen Fjeldstad Jusnes
Ann-Helen Fjeldstad Jusnes (born 21 July 1956) is a Norwegian bishop of the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. She succeeded Tor Berger Jørgensen on 24 January 2016. Before she became a bishop, Jusnes was the Dean of Lofoten for eight years, and had previously also been a member and politician of the Labor Party in Flakstad Municipality.

Tor Berger Jørgensen
Tor Berger Jørgensen (born 27 December 1945) is a Norwegian bishop who until 2015 was Bishop of the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland in the Church of Norway. Appointed in 2019, he now serves as the Bishop of the Lutheran Church in Great Britain and resides in London.

Jørgensen was appointed the bishop of Sør-Hålogaland on 17 November 2006 and took over those duties from Øystein Ingar Larsen on 28 January 2007. Jørgensen had previously been the dean of Bodø Cathedral since 2000 and had for various periods been deputy for the bishop.

Jørgensen received the cand.theol. degree (equivalent to a combined Bachelor of Divinity and Master of Divinity) from the Misjonshøgskolen/MF Norwegian School of Theology in 1972. Jørgensen worked for 15 years as a missionary priest in Japan for the Norwegian Missionary Society. He then served as its general secretary from 1991 to 1999. Jørgensen was a candidate for bishop of the Diocese of Oslo in 2005, but Ole Christian Kvarme was elected.
JR Reed (actor)
JR Reed (born December 13, 1967, as Jason William Reed) is an American character actor and singer, originally from Corvallis, Oregon. He is best known for his roles as "Lee" with American rock band Tenacious D, mainly in their television series and in their 2006 film The Pick of Destiny, as well as featuring at live concerts. He would also form the band Trainwreck with Kyle Gass in 2002 alongside Tenacious D guitarist Kyle Gass, performing as the lead singer. Trainwreck broke up in 2010, though reformed in 2018. Outside of these appearances, Reed mainly features in sporadic television, web-series and film appearances, as well as in commercial work.

Kyle Gass
Kyle Richard Gass (born July 14, 1960) is an American musician, actor and comedian, best known for being a member of Tenacious D, a Grammy-winning comedy band. He is also a member of Trainwreck and the Kyle Gass Band.
Rivière des Chutes
The Rivière des Chutes (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ de ʃyt], "River of the Falls") drains mainly the municipality of Saint-Narcisse, and also Saint-Stanislas, at the end of its course. These municipalities are located in the Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, Canada.

The Rivière des Chutes flows over 20.4 kilometres (12.7 mi) (including 1.7 km in Saint-Stanislas at the end of it path) and drains a watershed of an area of 76.1 square kilometres (29.4 sq mi) (including watershed Sanschagrin stream, in Saint-Stanislas).

Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality
Les Chenaux (French pronunciation: [le ʃəno], meaning the channels in French) is a regional county municipality in central Quebec, Canada, in the Mauricie region. The seat is in Saint-Luc-de-Vincennes. It is located adjacent on the east of Trois-Rivières on the Saint Lawrence River. It has a land area of 872.04 square kilometres (336.70 sq mi) and a population of 17,865 inhabitants in the Canada 2011 Census. Its largest community is the parish of Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel.

Les Chenaux is one of the few regional county municipalities in Quebec that does not constitute its own census division; instead, it is grouped with Trois-Rivières as the single census division of Francheville.
1st Manchester Rifles
The 1st Manchester Rifles, later the 6th Battalion, Manchester Regiment, was a unit of Britain's Volunteer Force and Territorial Army recruited in and around Manchester. It served as infantry at Gallipoli, fighting with distinction at the Third Battle of Krithia, and in some of the bitterest battles on the Western Front in the First World War. After conversion into an anti-aircraft unit of the Royal Artillery between the wars, it defended Manchester, Scapa Flow and Ceylon during the Second World War and continued in the air defence role until 1955.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.
Aleksandr Suvorov (ship)
Aleksandr Suvorov (Russian: Александр Суворов) is a Valerian Kuybyshev-class (92-016, OL400) Soviet/Russian river cruise ship, cruising in the Volga–Don basin. On 5 June 1983 Aleksandr Suvorov crashed into a girder of the Ulyanovsk railway bridge. The catastrophe led to 176 deaths yet the ship stayed afloat, was restored and still navigates. Her home port is currently Nizhny Novgorod.

Valerian Kuybyshev-class motorship
Valerian Kuybyshev class is a class of Russian river passenger ships. It got name after the first ship of class Valerian Kuybyshev.

Four-deck cruise ships manufactured in Komárno, Czechoslovakia, 1976–1983.
2022 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 2022 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 5 May 2022. One third of councillors—20 out of 60—were to be elected. The election took place alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom.

In the previous council election in 2021, the council remained under no overall control. The Conservatives continued running a minority administration with a confidence and supply arrangement with smaller parties, as they had done prior to the election. Labour formed the main opposition with nineteen seats to the Conservatives' twenty.

2021 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 2021 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election to elect members of Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council took place on 6 May 2021, on the same day as other local elections.

21 seats were contested, including a by election in Astley Bridge Ward, following the death of Cllr Paul Wild. The Conservative Party won 10 seats, the Labour Party won 7 seats, Farnworth and Kearsley First won 2 seats, Horwich and Blackrod First won 1 seat, and the Liberal Democrats won 1 seat.

After the election, the total composition of the council was as follows:

Conservative 20

Labour 19

Liberal Democrats 5

Farnworth and Kearsley First 5

Horwich and Blackrod First 3

UK Independence Party 1

Independents 7
Tatjana Michaylovna Zacharova
Tatjana Michaylovna Zacharova (Russian: Татьяна Михайловна Захарова; born 21 January 1931) is a Russian production worker, author of prose and politician who worked for 33 years at the workshop of the Laminated Plastics Plant (today Sloplast LLC) from 1951 to 1984. She was an elected deputy of the tenth and eleventh convocations of the Supreme Soviet of Russia between 1980 and 1990 and was an active worker of the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries and the Committee of Soviet Women. Zacharova has been awarded the Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945", the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, the Hero of Socialist Labour with the Order of Lenin and the "Hammer and Sickle" gold medal, the Order of the Badge of Honour, the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Thought Police
In the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, the Thought Police (Thinkpol in Newspeak) are the secret police of the superstate of Oceania, who discover and punish thoughtcrime (personal and political thoughts unapproved by Ingsoc's régime). Using criminal psychology and omnipresent surveillance (via informers, telescreens, cameras, and microphones) the Thinkpol monitor the citizens of Oceania and arrest all those who have committed thoughtcrime in challenge to the status quo authority of the Party and of the régime of  Big Brother.

Orwell drew inspiration from his observation of the NKVD's methods of surveillance, control, and punishment of dissent in the Soviet Union and from his experiences in the Spanish Civil War.

Political geography of Nineteen Eighty-Four
In George Orwell's 1949 dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the world is divided into three superstates: Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia, which are all fighting each other in a perpetual war in a disputed area mostly located around the equator. All that Oceania's citizens know about the world is whatever the Party wants them to know, so how the world evolved into the three states is unknown; and it is also unknown to the reader whether they actually exist in the novel's reality, or whether they are a storyline invented by the Party to advance social control. The nations appear to have emerged from nuclear warfare and civil dissolution over 20 years between 1945 and 1965, in a post-war world where totalitarianism becomes the predominant form of ideology, through English Socialism of Oceania, Neo-Bolshevism of Eurasia, and Death-Worship of Eastasia.
Rat Race (Enter Shikari song)
"Rat Race" is a single by British rock band Enter Shikari. The song was first played on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show on the evening of 31 October 2013. The single was released with a remix of the song Radiate by Enter Shikari's alter ego Shikari Sound System. The band also released an EP, which compiled the two previous singles "The Paddington Frisk" and "Radiate".

The "Rat Race" single peaked at #77 on the UK Singles Chart on 16 November 2013.

The Paddington Frisk
"The Paddington Frisk" is a single by British rock band Enter Shikari. The music video was released on their YouTube channel on 4 April 2013 and the single was released the same day. The single peaked at No. 18 on the UK Singles Chart on 13 April 2013.
Diocese of Laoag
The Diocese of Laoag (Latin: Dioecesis Laoagensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines.

The diocese was erected in 1961 from the Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia. It was sede vacante from June 15, 2011, to October 11, 2012. On October 12, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Most Rev. Renato P. Mayugba, then Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lingayen-Dagupan, as the sixth bishop of the diocese.

Archdiocese of Lingayen–Dagupan
The Archdiocese of Lingayen–Dagupan is a Latin Catholic archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the Province of Pangasinan, Philippines.  Its cathedral is the Metropolitan Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist in Dagupan with a co-cathedral, the Epiphany of Our Lord Parish Church, in the neighboring municipality of Lingayen.
Michell solution
In continuum mechanics, the Michell solution is a general solution to the elasticity equations in polar coordinates () developed by John Henry Michell in 1899. The solution is such that the stress components are in the form of a Fourier series in  .

Michell showed that the general solution can be expressed in terms of an Airy stress function of the form

The terms  and  define a trivial null state of stress and are ignored.

Linear elasticity
Linear elasticity is a mathematical model of how solid objects deform and become internally stressed by prescribed loading conditions. It is a simplification of the more general nonlinear theory of elasticity and a branch of continuum mechanics.

The fundamental assumptions of linear elasticity are infinitesimal strains — meaning, "small" deformations — and linear relationships between the components of stress and strain — hence the "linear" in its name. Linear elasticity is valid only for stress states that do not produce yielding. Its assumptions are reasonable for many engineering materials and engineering design scenarios. Linear elasticity is therefore used extensively in structural analysis and engineering design, often with the aid of finite element analysis.
Henry Newbolt
Sir Henry John Newbolt, CH (6 June 1862 – 19 April 1938) was an English poet, novelist and historian. He also had a role as a government adviser with regard to the study of English in England. He is perhaps best remembered for his poems "Vitaï Lampada" and "Drake's Drum".

Order of the Companions of Honour
The Order of the Companions of Honour is an order of the Commonwealth realms. It was founded on 4 June 1917 by King George V as a reward for outstanding achievements. It was founded on the same date as the Order of the British Empire.

The order was originally intended to be conferred upon a limited number of persons for whom this special distinction seemed to be the most appropriate form of recognition, constituting an honour dissociated from either the acceptance of title or the classification of merit. It is now described as being "awarded for having a major contribution to the arts, science, medicine, or government lasting over a long period of time". The first recipients of the order were all decorated for "services in connection with the war" and were listed in The London Gazette.
Naum (chess)
Naum is a computer chess engine by Canadian programmer Aleksandar Naumov. The last commercial version (4.2) was released in March 2010. The program supports both UCI and Winboard protocols and can therefore be operated under different graphical interfaces. Naum has commercial versions for single and multiple-processor systems, a freeware version (2.0, released September 2006) for single-processor systems, and a version for Palm OS (1.8, released in June 2006). The latest version, 4.6, was also freeware.

Chess engine
In computer chess, a chess engine is a computer program that analyzes chess or chess variant positions, and generates a move or list of moves that it regards as strongest.

A chess engine is usually a back end with a command-line interface with no graphics or windowing.  Engines are usually used with a front end, a windowed graphical user interface such as Chessbase or WinBoard that the user can interact with via a keyboard, mouse or touchscreen.  This allows the user to play against multiple engines without learning a new user interface for each, and allows different engines to play against each other.

Many chess engines are now available for mobile phones and tablets, making them even more accessible.
1977 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1977, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians. MAS Flight 653 was hijacked and crashed in Johor on 16 December, killing 100 people.

Malaysian Airline System Flight 653
Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 was a scheduled domestic flight from Penang to Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, operated by Malaysian Airline System (MAS). On the evening of 4 December 1977, the Boeing 737-200 aircraft flying the service crashed at Tanjung Kupang, Johor, Malaysia, while purportedly being diverted by hijackers to Singapore. It was the first fatal air crash for Malaysia Airlines (as the airline is now known), with all 93 passengers and 7 crew killed. It is also the deadliest aviation disaster to occur on Malaysian soil. The flight was apparently hijacked as soon as it reached cruise altitude. The circumstances in which the hijacking and subsequent crash occurred remain unsolved.
Duke of Barcelos
The Dukes of Barcelos (Portuguese: Duque de Barcelos) was a title of nobility granted by King Sebastian of Portugal on 5 August 1562 to the heir of the Duke of Braganza. After the Braganza accession to the throne, the title continued to be the title of the heir of the Duke of Braganza, alongside the title of Prince of Beira.

This title (originally Count of Barcelos) belonged to the Braganzas since Alphonse, 8th Count of Barcelos and 1st Duke of Braganza.

The first Duke of Barcelos was John I, eldest son of Teodósio I, 5th Duque of Braganza, who become later John I, 6th Duke of Braganza.

Duke of Braganza
The title Duke of Braganza (Portuguese: Duque de Bragança) in the House of Braganza is one of the most important titles in the peerage of Portugal.  Starting in 1640, when the House of Braganza acceded to the throne of Portugal, the male heir of the Portuguese Crown were known as Duke of Braganza, along with their style Prince of Beira or (from 1645 to 1816)  Prince of Brazil.  The tradition of the heir to the throne being titled Duke of Braganza was revived by various pretenders after the establishment of the Portuguese Republic on 5 October 1910 to signify their claims to the throne.
BOED
BOED, also known as 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-β-ethoxyphenethylamine or as β-ethoxy-2C-D, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and BOx families. It is the β-ethoxy derivative of 2C-D and homologue of BOD (β-methoxy-2C-D). The drug was briefly described by Alexander Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). Its dose was said to be 70 to 75 mg orally and its duration was 10 hours. The drug was said to be about 3-fold less potent than BOD. Its effects included a highly intoxicated state, no visual effects, appetite suppression, and diuresis. The chemical synthesis of the drug was also briefly described. It is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language.

2C (psychedelics)
2C (2C-x) is a general name for the family of psychedelic phenethylamines containing methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolically stable and longer acting compounds.

Most of the early 2C drugs were developed by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and were reviewed in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved). 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs.
Mat Mania
Mat Mania, known in Japan as Exciting Hour: The ProWrestling Network or simply Exciting Hour, is a 1985 wrestling video game developed by Technōs Japan and published by Taito for arcades. It is a spiritual successor to the 1983 arcade game Tag Team Wrestling, also developed by Technōs Japan, but published by Data East. The arcade game was a commercial success in Japan and North America, becoming the highest-grossing arcade conversion kit of 1986 in the United States.

An updated arcade version with a two-player competitive mode was released in 1986 as Mania Challenge. Atari Corporation released an Atari 7800 port in 1990, Mat Mania Challenge, which includes features of both games and lacks others. It was ported to the X68000 by Denpa with Shusse Ōzumō (1984). Mat Mania was re-released by Hamster Corporation for the PlayStation 4 as part of their Arcade Archives series in 2015 and the Nintendo Switch in 2019.

Arcade Archives
Arcade Archives is a series of emulated arcade games developed and published by Hamster Corporation. A sub-series called ACA Neo Geo focuses on re-releasing SNK's Neo Geo titles in their original MVS arcade format, unlike many services that attempt to emulate the console versions. Individual games are released in a weekly format. Another sub-series called Console Archives focuses on releasing home console video games.