hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
60th Infantry Division "Sabratha"
The 60th Infantry Division "Sabratha" (Italian: 60ª Divisione di fanteria "Sabratha") was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Sabratha was raised in May 1937, in Gharyan in Italian Libya and named after the nearby ancient Roman city of Sabratha. The division's regimental depots were in mainland Italy in Campania and shared with the 25th Infantry Division "Bologna", with both divisions recruiting their troops from and training them there. The division was destroyed on 25 July 1942 during the First Battle of El Alamein in Egypt and its remnants used to fill up the depleted ranks of the 102nd Motorized Division "Trento". The Sabratha was classified as an auto-transportable division, meaning it had some motorized transport, but not enough to move the entire division at once.

102nd Motorized Division "Trento"
The 102nd Motorized Division "Trento" (Italian: 102ª Divisione motorizzata "Trento") was a motorized infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The division was formed in 1935 and named for the city of Trento, where its infantry and artillery regiments were based. The Trento served in the Western Desert Campaign and was destroyed in the Second Battle of El Alamein in November 1942.
Amiga Disk File
Amiga Disk File (ADF) is a file format used by Amiga computers and emulators to store images of floppy disks, a single hard disk volumes (partitions) or complete, partitioned hard disks.

It has been around almost as long as the Amiga itself, although it was not initially called by any particular name. Before it was known as ADF, it was used in commercial game production, backup and disk virtualization. ADF is a track-by-track dump of the disk data as read by the Amiga operating system, and so the "format" is really fixed-width AmigaDOS data tracks appended one after another and held in a file. This file would, typically, be formatted, like the disk, in Amiga Old File System (OFS).

Amiga Old File System
On the Amiga, the Old File System, sometimes also called Amiga File System, was the filesystem for AmigaOS before the Amiga Fast File System. Even though it used 512-byte blocks, it reserved the first small portion of each block for metadata, leaving an actual data block capacity of 488 bytes per block. It wasn't very suitable for anything except floppy disks, and it was soon replaced.
Wakad
Wakad is a neighbourhood in the city of Pimpri-Chinchwad, India. Given its close proximity to Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park in Hinjawadi, Wakad has recently emerged to be a popular neighbourhood for techies and experts. It is very diverse and cosmopolitan.

Hinjawadi
Hinjawadi (also incorrectly spelt Hinjewadi and Henjewadi) is a suburb in Pune, India. It houses the Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, a large tech and business park spread over 2,800 acres, which was built by the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation. The business park has offices of over 800 companies.
Russian torture chambers in Ukraine
After the successful 2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive which liberated a number of settlements and villages in the Kharkiv region from Russian occupation, authorities discovered torture chambers which had been used by Russian troops during their time in control of the area.

Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast
The Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast is an ongoing military occupation that began on 24 February 2022, after Russian forces invaded Ukraine and began capturing and occupying parts of Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. Russian forces failed to capture the capital city of the oblast, Kharkiv. However, other major cities including Izium, Kupiansk, and Balakliia were captured by Russian forces. Since November 2022, Russia only occupies a small portion of land in the Kharkiv Oblast.

In early September 2022, Ukraine began a major counteroffensive, regaining several settlements in the region and ending numerous Russian military or military-civilian administrations.
Nigel Winterburn
Nigel Winterburn (born 11 December 1963) is an English former professional footballer who made 687 appearances in the Football League and Premier League. He was capped twice by England, in 1989 and 1993.

Winterburn played primarily as a left back from 1981 to 2003. He is best known for his role alongside Tony Adams, Steve Bould, Martin Keown and Lee Dixon, forming the defensive line for Arsenal in the Premier League and European football during the 1990s. He also played for Wimbledon and West Ham United, and was contracted to Birmingham City and Oxford United.

After his playing career ended, he went into media work. He was briefly a part of the coaching staff at Blackburn Rovers.

Martin Keown
Martin Raymond Keown (/ˈkiːoʊn/ Kyohn; born 24 July 1966) is an English football pundit and former professional footballer. A defender, he played from 1984 to 2005, notably in the Premier League for Arsenal, where he made over 400 appearances for the club and won ten honours.

Keown also played for Brighton & Hove Albion, Aston Villa, Everton, Leicester City and Reading. He made his England debut in 1992 against France and went on to win 43 caps for the national side over the next ten years, gradually forming a respected defensive partnership with Arsenal teammate Tony Adams at both club and international level. Keown represented England at four major international football finals: the 1998 and 2002 World Cups, as well as Euro 1992 and Euro 2000.

He is now a part-time scout and coach for Arsenal, as well as a pundit for the BBC and BT Sport. He came out of retirement in 2012 and briefly played for Combined Counties League Premier Division side Wembley in their FA Cup fixtures.
2024 Altai Republic State Assembly election
The 2024 State Assembly of the Altai Republic election took place on 6–8 September 2024, on common election day, coinciding with 2024 Altai head election. All 41 seats in the State Assembly were up for re-election.

United Russia retained its overwhelming  majority in the State Assembly, winning 54% of the vote and all 30 single-mandate constituencies. Liberal Democratic Party of Russia recorded gains after its alliance with local Party of Business and came second with 18%, while Communist Party of the Russian Federation suffered a crushing defeat (14%), losing six of its seven seats. Rodina failed to cross the threshold and lost its only seat.

2024 Russian elections
The 2024 Russian elections were held in large part, on Sunday, 8 September 2024 (single election day), with several regions allowing voting on 6 and 7 September. There were three by-elections to the 8th State Duma, 19 gubernatorial elections (16 direct and three indirectly elected), 13 regional parliamentary elections, and many elections on the municipal level.
Graphical lasso
In statistics, the graphical lasso is a penalized likelihood estimator for the precision matrix (also called the concentration matrix or inverse covariance matrix) of a multivariate elliptical distribution. Through the use of an  penalty, it performs regularization to give a sparse estimate for the precision matrix. In the case of multivariate Gaussian distributions, sparsity in the precision matrix corresponds to conditional independence between the variables therefore implying a Gaussian graphical model.

The graphical lasso was originally formulated to solve Dempster's covariance selection problem for the multivariate Gaussian distribution when observations were limited. Subsequently, the optimization algorithms to solve this problem were improved and extended  to other types of estimators and distributions.

Multivariate normal distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the multivariate normal distribution, multivariate Gaussian distribution, or joint normal distribution is a generalization of the one-dimensional (univariate) normal distribution to higher dimensions.  One definition is that a random vector is said to be k-variate normally distributed if every linear combination of its k components has a univariate normal distribution. Its importance derives mainly from the multivariate central limit theorem. The multivariate normal distribution is often used to describe, at least approximately, any set of (possibly) correlated real-valued random variables, each of which clusters around a mean value.
Thought Field Therapy
Thought Field Therapy (TFT) is a fringe psychological treatment developed by American psychologist Roger Callahan. Its proponents say that it can heal a variety of mental and physical ailments through specialized "tapping" with the fingers at meridian points on the upper body and hands. The theory behind TFT is a mixture of concepts "derived from a variety of sources. Foremost among these is the ancient Chinese philosophy of chi, which is thought to be the 'life force' that flows throughout the body". Callahan also bases his theory upon applied kinesiology and physics. There is no scientific evidence that TFT is effective, and the American Psychological Association has stated that it "lacks a scientific basis" and consists of pseudoscience.

Qi
In the Sinosphere and Chinese philosophy, qi (/ˈtʃiː/ CHEE; simplified Chinese: 气; traditional Chinese: 氣; pinyin: qì) is a vital force traditionally believed to be a part of all living entities. Literally meaning 'vapor', 'air', 'gas', or 'breath', the word qi is polysemous, often translated as 'vital energy', 'vital force', 'material energy', or simply 'energy'. Qi is also a concept in traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese martial arts. The attempt to cultivate and balance qi is called qigong.

Believers in qi describe it as a vital force, with one's good health requiring its flow to be unimpeded. Originally prescientific, today it is a pseudoscientific concept, i.e. not corresponding to the concept of energy as used in the physical sciences.

Chinese gods and immortals, especially anthropomorphic gods, are sometimes thought to have qi and be a reflection of the microcosm of qi in humans, both having qi that can concentrate in certain body parts.
Watford Stadium railway station
Watford Stadium railway station is a disused railway station in Watford, Hertfordshire, England on the branch line from Watford Junction to Croxley Green. It served Vicarage Road stadium, home of Watford F.C., and was open only on match days.

Croxley Green railway station
Croxley Green railway station is a disused terminus between Rickmansworth and Watford on the A412 road at the end of a short branch line. Work began on the line in 1908 in response to the growing influence of the Metropolitan Railway, with a new passenger service to serve the Grand Union Canal.
Soviet frigate Zadornyy
Zadornyy (Russian: Задорный, lit. 'Provocative') was a Project 1135 Burevestnik-class guard ship or Krivak-class frigate that served with the Soviet and Russian Navies. Displacing 3,200 tonnes (3,100 long tons; 3,500 short tons) full load, the vessel was built around the Metel anti-submarine missile system. Zadornyy was launched on 25 March 1979 in Leningrad, the last of the class to be built by the A.A. Zhdanov shipyard, and served with the Northern Fleet. After taking part in exercises Avangard-81, Sever-81 and Okean-83, and cruising as far as Havana, Cuba, the vessel was upgraded between 11 June 1990 and 23 May 1995 with missiles that added anti-ship capability. While serving with the Russian Navy, the ship took part in joint exercises with frigates of the Royal Navy, including a commemoration of the first Arctic convoy of the Second World War with HMS Campbeltown. After more than twenty-five years service, the ship was decommissioned on 3 December 2005.

Krivak-class frigate
The  Krivak class, Soviet designation Project 1135 Burevestnik (storm petrel), are a series of frigates and patrol ships built in the Soviet Union primarily for the Soviet Navy since 1970. Later some sub-branches, like the Nerey (Nereus) were designed for coastal patrol by the KGB Border Troops. Until 1977, the ships in the class were considered to be large anti-submarine warfare vessels.

These ships are commonly known by their NATO reporting class name of Krivak and are divided into Krivak I, Krivak II, Krivak IV (navy), and Krivak III (coast guard) classes.
K-101 (Kansas highway)
K-101 is a ten-mile-long (16 km) state highway in Labette County in the U.S. state of Kansas. The southern terminus is at U.S. Route 166 (US-166) south of Edna, and the northern terminus is at US-160 west of Altamont. K-101 mostly passes through farmland except the section within Edna.

When K-101 was first designated as a state highway in 1937, it was a short spur linking US-166 to Edna. In 1950, the highway was extended north to the Edna Cemetery. Then in 1954, it was extended to its current northern terminus, which at the time was K-96, now US-160.

U.S. Route 166
U.S. Route 166 (US 166) is a 164-mile (264 km) east–west United States highway.  This route and US 266 are the only two remaining spurs of historic U.S. Route 66 (which was decommissioned in 1985), since US 666 was renumbered to US 491 in 2003.

US 166 meets the old route of US 66, now designated US 69 Alternate, in Baxter Springs in the southeast corner of Kansas.
Death and the Miser
Death and the Miser (also known as Death of the Usurer) is a Northern Renaissance painting produced between 1490 and 1516 by the Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch.  The piece was originally part of a triptych, but the center piece is missing.  It is a memento mori painting, which is meant to remind the viewer of the inevitability of death and the futility of the pursuit of material wealth, illustrating the sin of greed.

There is still debate about the exact symbolism of the man and the objects in the foreground. Bosch was influenced by the Ars moriendi, religious texts that instructed Christians how to live and die. It is now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

It measures 93 x 31 cm (36 5/8 x 12 3/16 in) overall, and as framed 105.9 x 43.5 x 5.4 cm (41 11/16 x 17 1/8 x 2 1/8 in).

Memento mori
Memento mori (Latin for "remember [that you have] to die") is an artistic symbol or trope acting as a reminder of the inevitability of death. The concept has its roots in the philosophers of classical antiquity and Christianity, and appeared in funerary art and architecture from the medieval period onwards.

The most common motif is a skull, often accompanied by bones. Often, this alone is enough to evoke the trope, but other motifs include a coffin, hourglass, or wilting flowers to signify the impermanence of life. Often, these would accompany a different central subject within a wider work, such as portraiture; however, the concept includes standalone genres such as the vanitas and Danse Macabre in visual art and cadaver monuments in sculpture.
Bremen thaler
The Thaler was the currency of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen until 1873, when Germany adopted the gold mark (ℳ). It was divided into 72 Grote, each of 5 Schwaren. While initially identical to the North German thaler before the 1750s, it was the only currency to maintain the gold standard of 5 thalers to a Friedrich d'or pistole from the 1750s until 1873, long after all other states adopted the Conventionsthaler.

Conventionsthaler
The Conventionstaler or Konventionstaler ("Convention thaler"), was a standard silver coin in the Austrian Empire and the southern German states of the Holy Roman Empire from the mid-18th to early 19th-centuries. Its most famous example is the Maria Theresa thaler which is still minted today. The Conventionsgulden was equivalent to a 1⁄2 Conventionsthaler.
Joseph Macmanus
Joseph Estey Macmanus (born 1953) is an American diplomat who served as Executive Secretary of the United States Department of State from 2014 to 2017. Prior to that, he served as the U.S. ambassador to International Organizations in Vienna from 2012 to 2014, as well as interim coordinator for efforts to implement President Barack Obama's Iran Nuclear Deal in 2015.

Macmanus was President Donald Trump's nominee to become United States Ambassador to Colombia. This nomination was reported favorably by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in May 2018, but was returned to the President at the close of the 115th Congress without consideration by the full Senate. In 2019, Philip Goldberg replaced Macmanus as nominee to be the next United States Ambassador to Colombia.

Philip S. Goldberg
Philip Seth Goldberg (born August 1, 1956) is an American diplomat and government official who has served as United States ambassador to South Korea since 2022. He served previously as ambassador to the Philippines, Bolivia and Colombia and chief of the U.S. mission in UN-administered Kosovo during the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations. He has served in Washington as assistant secretary of state for intelligence and research. In 2022, he was nominated by President Joe Biden to be the U.S. ambassador to South Korea and was confirmed on May 5, 2022 by the United States Senate through a voice vote.

From June 2009 until June 2010, he was the coordinator for the implementation of UNSC Resolution 1874 (Sanctions) on North Korea. He has also been charge d'affaires, a.i. at the U.S. embassies in Chile and Cuba during the Bush and Donald Trump administrations, respectively. Goldberg holds the personal rank of career ambassador, the highest in the U.S. Foreign Service.
Type 99 81 mm mortar
The Type 99 81 mm mortar (Japanese as "Kyukyu Shiki Shohakuyekiho", meaning "99 model small trench mortar") was a Japanese mortar used by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Its primary role was that of a lightweight mortar for assault and airborne troops that could be quickly assembled or disassembled. To ease transportation, the Type 99 mortar broke down into three loads, each of which was about 8 kg. The Type 99 81 mm mortar differs from the Type 97 81 mm infantry mortar in the shortness of its tube and in the method of firing. The Type 99 designation was given to this mortar as it was accepted in the year 2599 of the Japanese calendar (1939).

Type 97 81 mm infantry mortar
The Type 97 81 mm infantry mortar was the primary Japanese infantry mortar during World War II.

The Type 97 81mm infantry mortar was essentially a straight copy of the Brandt 81mm mortar with only a few Japanese-specific changes that differentiated the type from French and American derivatives. The Type 97 81mm mortar used Type 98 and Type 100 HE rounds, use of smoke and illumination rounds was restricted to larger trench mortar types.

In 1932 the French Brandt company sent two of their 81mm mortars, along with 1,000 rounds, to Japan for trials with the Imperial Army.  Initially, the Imperial Japanese Army favored the use of the Type 92 70mm battalion gun as their main infantry support weapon, but by the late 1930s preference changed to the Type 97 81mm mortar due to its light weight and relatively low cost.

A modified version was used by Imperial Japanese Navy with the designation Type 3 mortar as an anti-submarine weapon on escort ships beginning in 1943.
Jack Rabinovitch
Jack Rabinovitch (24 June 1930 – 6 August 2017)  OC, O.Ont was a Canadian philanthropist best known for founding the Giller Prize which is named after his late wife, Doris Giller, who was a  literary columnist for the Toronto Star.

Order of Ontario
The Order of Ontario (French: Ordre de l'Ontario) is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Ontario. Instituted in 1986 by Lieutenant Governor Lincoln Alexander, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier David Peterson, the civilian order is administered by the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Ontario residents for conspicuous achievements in any field.
Delphinus
Delphinus is a small constellation in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere, close to the celestial equator. Its name  is the Latin version for the Greek word for dolphin (δελφίς). It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union. It is one of the smaller constellations, ranked 69th in size. Delphinus' five brightest stars form a distinctive asterism symbolizing a dolphin with four stars representing the body and one the tail. It is bordered (clockwise from north) by Vulpecula, Sagitta, Aquila, Aquarius, Equuleus and Pegasus.

Delphinus is a faint constellation with only two stars brighter than an apparent magnitude of 4, Beta Delphini (Rotanev) at magnitude 3.6 and Alpha Delphini (Sualocin) at magnitude 3.8.

Aquarius (constellation)
Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its traditional astrological symbol is  (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.

At apparent magnitude 2.9, Beta Aquarii is the brightest star in the constellation.
Miss Earth 2025
Miss Earth 2025 (billed as the Silver Lining Edition) was the 25th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Okada Manila, in Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines, on 5 November 2025.

Jessica Lane of Australia crowned Natálie Puškinová of the Czech Republic as her successor at the conclusion of the event. This marks the country's second victory in the history of the pageant, following their first win in 2012.

Puškinová’s elemental court includes Sóldís Ívarsdóttir of Iceland as Miss Earth-Air, Trịnh Mỹ Anh of Vietnam as Miss Earth-Water, and Waree Ngamkham of Thailand as Miss Earth-Fire.

Miss Earth 2012
Miss Earth 2012 was the 12th edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Versailles Palace in Las Piñas, Metro Manila, Philippines, on November 24, 2012.

Olga Álava of Ecuador crowned Tereza Fajksová of the Czech Republic as her successor at the end of the event.
Entwistle railway station
Entwistle railway station (first opened in 1848) is 5+3⁄4 miles (9.3 km) north of Bolton and serves the village of Entwistle. It is also the closest station to Edgworth. Owing to the remote location and low passenger numbers, Entwistle was a request stop for several years. After 21 May 2023, it was no longer a request stop. It is served by Northern services on the Ribble Valley line towards Blackburn and Clitheroe in England.

Clitheroe railway station
Clitheroe railway station serves the town of Clitheroe in Lancashire, England. The station is situated on the Ribble Valley line, and is operated by Northern Trains. It is 10 miles (16 km) north of Blackburn. The station forms part of Clitheroe Interchange, which has won a number of awards.