hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis H. Schiff
Louis H. Schiff (born June 3, 1955) is a retired American judge, attorney, professor, historian and author. He served as a Broward County Court Judge in Florida from 1997 to 2024, recognized for educational sentencing practices, judicial education and judicial leadership. Schiff is an adjunct professor at Mitchell Hamline School of Law and co-author of Baseball and the Law: Cases and Materials (2016), a seminal casebook on baseball law and Attorneys in the Baseball Hall of Fame (2025)

Mitchell Hamline School of Law
The Mitchell Hamline School of Law is a private law school in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.  It is accredited by the American Bar Association and offers full- and part-time Juris Doctor degree programs. The school was established on December 9, 2015, by the merger of the Hamline University School of Law and the William Mitchell College of Law.
2008–09 Omani League
The 2008–09 Omani League was the 33rd edition of the top football league in Oman. It began on 23 October 2008 and finished on 27 May 2009. Al-Oruba SC were the defending champions, having won the 2007–08 Omani League season. Al-Nahda Club lost 1-0 away in their final league match against Sur SC and emerged as the champions of the 2008–09 Omani League with a total of 45 points.

2007–08 Omani League
The 2007–08 Omani League was the 32nd edition of Oman's top football league. It began on 7 November 2007 and finished on 9 May 2008. Al-Nahda Club were the defending champions, having won the 2006–07 Omani League season. Al-Oruba SC won 4-2 away in their final league match against Oman Club and emerged as the champions of the 2007–08 Omani League with a total of 45 points.
Hajr
Hajr (Arabic: حَجْر, romanized: Ḥajr), also known as Hajr al-Yamamah (Arabic: حَجْر اليَمامَة, romanized: Ḥajr al-Yamāmah) or Khadra Hajr, was an ancient city founded by the Hanifites that roughly emerged in 5th century pre-Islamic Arabia and existed until 16th century in modern-day Riyadh in the Najd region of present-day Saudi Arabia.

Hajr was the seat of the historical al-Yamama region until 866 AD when the Ukhaydhirites seceded the area from the control of the Abbasids and shifted their capital to al-Kharj. Consequently, Hajr underwent severe economic and political decline due to prolonged droughts besides simultaneously being gripped in feudalistic conflicts with its neighbors such as Diriyah and Manfuhah. Hajr subsequently witnessed gradual fragmentation and disintegration and eventually got succeeded by various rival towns such as Migrin (or Miqrin) and Miʼkal by the end of 16th century, though the name Hajr continued to appear in local folk poetry.

Banu Hanifa
Banu Hanifa (Arabic: بنو حنيفة) is an ancient Arab tribe inhabiting the area of al-Yamama in the central region of modern-day Saudi Arabia.  The tribe belongs to the great Rabi'ah branch of North Arabian tribes, which also included  Abdul Qays, Taghlib, al-Nammir ibn Qasit, and Anazzah. Though counted by the classical Arab genealogists as a Christian branch of Bani Bakr, they led an independent existence prior to Islam. The ruling House of Saud of Saudi Arabia are Hanifites.
Albert Jacob
Albert Paul Jacob (born 16 March 1980) is an Australian politician. He was the mayor of the City of Joondalup from 2017 to 2025, the member for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Ocean Reef from 2008 to 2017, and the Minister for the Environment and Heritage in Colin Barnett's government. He had previously served as the Parliamentary Secretary for Community Services; Seniors and Volunteering and Youth, from June 2012 to March 2013. His seat was abolished prior to the 2017 state election and he was defeated contesting Burns Beach.

City of Joondalup
The City of Joondalup is a local government area in Perth, Western Australia. Its central business district is located in the suburb Joondalup, and it includes the town centres of Hillarys and Warwick.
Evangelical Church of Maraland
Evangelical Church of Maraland is a church in southern Mizoram in northeast India. It was founded by English missionary Reverend and Mr Reginald Arthur Lorrain (brother of missionary James Herbert Lorrain) in 1907. It is the largest church among the Mara people. It is one of the three Mizoram churches pioneered by English missionaries in the 19th century; others are Mizoram Presbyterian Church and Baptist Church of Mizoram.

James Herbert Lorrain
James Herbert Lorrain, or Pu Buanga, (6 February 1870 – 1 July 1944) was a British Baptist missionary in northeast India, including Mizoram, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh. He and Frederick William Savidge reduced the Mizo language (known as the Lushai language under the Colonial British name), to writing—devised an alphabet using Roman lettering and phonetic form of spelling based on Hunterian system translation; compiled grammar and dictionaries for missionary activities and clerical administration.

He and F.W. Savidge were credited to the establishment of Christianity and education in Mizoram. They compiled the first Lushai grammar and dictionary. As a gifted lexicographer, Lorrain single-handedly was responsible for the origin of written language and hymns in Mizo. More popularly known as "Pu Buanga Dictionary", Dictionary of the Lushai Language became the foundation of Mizo language and literature.
Société française de photographie
The Société française de photographie (SFP) is an association, founded on 15 November 1854, devoted to the history of photography. It has a large collection of photographs and old cameras.

Among the founding members were Olympe Aguado, Hippolyte Bayard, Alexandre Edmond Becquerel, Eugène Durieu, Edmond Fierlants, Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros, Gustave Le Gray and Henri Victor Regnault, Auguste-Adolphe Bertsch. Henri Victor Regnault was the first president. Louise Leghait was the first woman member.

Edmond Becquerel
Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel (French: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ ɛdmɔ̃ bɛkʁɛl]; 24 March 1820 – 11 May 1891) was a French physicist who studied the solar spectrum, magnetism, electricity, and optics. In 1839, he discovered the photovoltaic effect, the operating principle of the solar cell, which he invented in the same year. He is also known for his work in luminescence and phosphorescence. He was the son of Antoine César Becquerel and the father of Henri Becquerel, the discoverer of radioactivity.
Sand wedge
A sand wedge, or sand iron, is a type of golf club, an open-faced wedge primarily designed for getting out of sand bunkers. It has the widest sole of any wedge, which provides the greatest amount of bounce, allowing the club head to glide through sand and avoid digging in. After Gene Sarazen had success in 1932 with a new club that he had invented for sand play, its popularity quickly grew. The club can be advantageous in other soft lies—such as thick rough, soggy ground, or mud—and is also used from firmer grass lies for lobs or chips.

Glossary of golf
The following is a glossary of the terminology currently used in the sport of golf. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics.  Old names for clubs can be found at Obsolete golf clubs.
Défense Conseil International
The Défense Conseil International is the French Ministry of Armed Forces' operator for exporting French military knowledge, training and technical assistance internationally. The organisation is a merger of 4 predecessors – COFRAS (established in 1972), NAFVCO (1980 now Naval Group), AIRCO (1984) and DESCO (1990). The four companies were once part of four branches of the French army (Land, Navy, Air and Special Forces, respectively) before unification in 2000.

The DCI group is headquartered in Paris, with several other sites within France. The company also has locations abroad, notably in the Middle East.

Naval Group
Naval Group is a French industrial group specialising in naval defense design, development and construction. Its headquarters are located in Paris, France.

Heir to the French naval dockyards initiated in 1631 by Cardinal Richelieu and to the Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales (DCAN), which became Direction des Constructions Navales (DCN) in 1991 and then DCNS in 2007, the company was rebranded Naval Group in 2017. Its two main shareholders are the French State (62.25%) and Thales Group (35%).

As of 2024, Naval Group employs 15,261 people across 17 countries.
Kōjimachi Station
Kojimachi Station (麹町駅, also 麴町駅, Kōjimachi-eki) is a subway station on the Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line in the Kōjimachi neighborhood of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the Tokyo Subway operator Tokyo Metro. Its station number is Y-15.

Yūrakuchō Line (Tokyo Metro)
The Yūrakuchō Line (有楽町線, Yūrakuchō-sen) is a subway line in Japan owned and operated by Tokyo Metro. The line connects Wakōshi Station in Wakō, Saitama and Shin-Kiba Station in Kōtō, Tokyo. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color "gold", and its stations are given numbers using the letter "Y".

The line was named after the Yūrakuchō business district in Chiyoda, Tokyo. The proper name as given in an annual report of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is Line No. 8 Yūrakuchō Line (8号線有楽町線, Hachi-gō-sen Yūrakuchō-sen). According to the Tokyo urban transportation plan, however, it is more complicated. The line number assigned to the section south from Kotake-Mukaihara to Shin-Kiba is Line 8, but that north of Kotake-Mukaihara to Wakōshi is Line 13, which indicates the section is a portion of Fukutoshin Line which shares the same number.
Magnesium monohydride
Magnesium monohydride is a molecular gas with formula MgH that exists at high temperatures, such as the atmospheres of the Sun and stars. It was originally known as magnesium hydride, although that name is now more commonly used when referring to the similar chemical magnesium dihydride.

Magnesium hydride
Magnesium hydride is the chemical compound with the molecular formula MgH2. It contains 7.66% by weight of hydrogen and has been studied as a potential hydrogen storage medium.

For comparison, one cubic meter can contain 45 kg of hydrogen pressurized at 700 atm, 70 kg of liquid hydrogen, or up to 106 kg of hydrogen bound in magnesium hydride.

Magnesium hydride is also investigated for use in thermobaric weapons and incendiary weapons, standalone or as a mixture with a solid oxidizer; China tested a (non-nuclear) "hydrogen bomb" using the substance. It can be also used in emulsion explosives as a source of bubbles and additional fuel. It can be added to improve heat release of aluminized explosive compositions and to improve burn rate of propellants.
Medically Yourrs
Medically Yourrs is a 2019 Hindi web series created and produced by Ekta Kapoor for video on demand platform ALTBalaji. The series stars Shantanu Maheshwari and Nityaami Shirke as protagonists and revolves around the plight of a medical students and explores the problems faced by them in the quirkiest possible way.

The series is available for streaming on the ALT Balaji App and its associated websites since its release date.

ALTT
ALTT, formerly ALTBalaji, was an Indian subscription based video on demand platform and a wholly owned subsidiary of Balaji Telefilms. Launched on 16 April 2017, ALTBalaji became Balaji Telefilms' foray into the digital entertainment sphere to create original OTT content.

In July 2025, it was banned by the government of India citing obscenity. Balaji Telefilms went onto replace ALTT with Kutingg, a family friendly streaming platform.
Pusara Abadi Muslim Cemetery
The Pusara Abadi Muslim Cemetery, or simply Pusara Abadi, is a burial ground located within the Choa Chu Kang Cemetery in Choa Chu Kang, Singapore. Initially an extension of the older Pusara Aman Muslim Cemetery, the burial ground was later regarded as a separate cemetery. It mainly consists of burials that were reinterred from cemeteries and mausoleums which were cleared for redevelopment.

Pusara Aman Muslim Cemetery
The Pusara Aman Muslim Cemetery (Jawi: مقبرة بوسارا أمان الإسلامية) sometimes known simply as Pusara Aman, is a cemetery situated along the Jalan Bahar road within Lim Chu Kang, Singapore. It is the only Muslim cemetery that is still in use as of today. The cemetery is part of a larger funerary complex, the Choa Chu Kang Cemetery.
Mugham triads
Mugham trio or mugham triads (Azerbaijani: Muğam üçlüyü) is a classical ensemble of three Azerbaijani national musical instruments: tar, kamancheh, and qaval performers. It is a traditional musical group of Azerbaijani musicians who perform the mugham repertoire and represent the ensemble of khanandas and sazandas.

The performance of the muğam trio is called a complete vocal-instrumental mugham dastgah. The dastgah represents the entire mugham, including its form, all sections and branches, as well as the sequential performance of each section or diringah. The sections that make up the mugham composition are improvised recitative with melody, which determine the musical-poetic content of the work. These are alternated with songs that have a precise rhythm, as well as dance episodes. The song episodes are called tasnif, while the dance episodes are called rang.

Khananda
A khananda (Azerbaijani: xanəndə خواننده [xɑnænˈdæ];  Persian: خواننده; alternative spellings in English: khanende, khanande, khanandeh) is a name generally given to singers of mugham, an Azeri folk music genre. The word is of Persian origin and means "singer". When performing traditional mugham, a khananda is accompanied by a trio of musicians who play the tar, the kamancheh and the daf (tambourine). Often the khananda is the daf-player.
Samuel of Speyer
Samuel ben Kalonymus he-Hasid of Speyer (Hebrew: שמואל החסיד; 1120–1175), was a Tosafist, liturgical poet, and philosopher of the 12th century, surnamed also "the Prophet". He seems to have lived in Spain and in France. He was the first of the Chassidei Ashkenaz, and the father of Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg.

According to legend, he created a golem which accompanied him on his travels and served him, but could not speak.

Tosafot
The Tosafot, Tosafos or Tosfot (Hebrew: תוספות) are medieval commentaries on the Talmud. They take the form of critical and explanatory glosses, printed, in almost all Talmud editions, on the outer margin and opposite Rashi's notes.

The authors of the Tosafot are known as Tosafists; for a listing (see List of Tosafists.)
Shale gouge ratio
Shale Gouge Ratio (typically abbreviated to SGR) is a mathematical algorithm for predicting the fault rock types for simple fault zones developed in sedimentary sequences dominated by sandstone and shale.

The parameter is widely used in the oil and gas exploration and production industries to enable quantitative predictions regarding faults' hydrodynamic behavior.

Hydrocarbon exploration
Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for hydrocarbon deposits, particularly petroleum and natural gas, in the Earth's crust using petroleum geology.
Skybirds
Skybirds was a brand name for a series of 1:72 scale wood and metal aircraft model kits produced during the 1930s and 1940s, manufactured by the A. J. Holladay & Co.

Some of the Skybird-branded products were die-cast scale model cars, aircraft, military vehicles, figurines, among others.

Scale model
A scale model is a physical model that is geometrically similar to an object (known as the prototype). Scale models are generally smaller than large prototypes such as vehicles, buildings, or people; but may be larger than small prototypes such as anatomical structures or subatomic particles. Models built to the same scale as the prototype are called mockups.

Scale models are used as tools in engineering design and testing, promotion and sales, filmmaking special effects, military strategy, and hobbies such as rail transport modeling, wargaming and racing; and as toys. Model building is also pursued as a hobby for the sake of artisanship.

Scale models are constructed of plastic, wood, or metal. They are usually painted with enamel, lacquer, or acrylics.
Model prototypes include all types of vehicles (railroad trains, cars, trucks, military vehicles, aircraft, and spacecraft), buildings, people, and science fiction themes (spaceships and robots).
Ruse Province
Ruse Province (Bulgarian: Област Русе, romanized: Oblast Ruse), or Rusenska Oblast (Bulgarian: Русенска област, former name Ruse okrug) is a province in northern Bulgaria, named after its main city, Ruse, neighbouring Romania via the Danube. It is  divided into eight municipalities with a total population, as of February 2011, of 235,252 inhabitants.

The Danube Bridge, one of only two bridges opened over the Danube, is located in the province. One of the versions of a folk song, inspired by the Ruse blood wedding, can be heard in the province.

Provinces of Bulgaria
The provinces of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: области на България, romanized: oblasti na Bǎlgariya) are the first-level administrative subdivisions of the country.

Since 1999, Bulgaria has been divided into 28 provinces (Bulgarian: области – oblasti; singular: област – oblast; also translated as "regions") which correspond approximately to the 28 districts (in Bulgarian: окръг – okrǎg, plural: окръзи – okrǎzi), that existed before 1987.

The provinces are further subdivided into 265 municipalities (singular: община – obshtina, plural: общини – obshtini).

Sofia – the capital city of Bulgaria and the largest settlement in the country – is the administrative centre of both Sofia Province and Sofia City Province (Sofia-grad). The capital is included (together with three other cities plus 34 villages) in Sofia Capital Municipality (over 90% of whose population lives in Sofia), which is the sole municipality comprising Sofia City province.
Parish of St. Christopher and St. Sylvia (Red Hook, New York)
The Parish of St. Christopher and St. Sylvia is a parish under the authority of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located in Red Hook, Dutchess County, New York. In November 2014, the Archdiocese of New York announced that the parish of  St. Sylvia's Church in Tivoli, New York would merge with St. Christopher's. Although it would remain a church which may be used on special occasions, Masses and the sacraments will no longer be celebrated on a regular weekly basis at St. Sylvia's as of August 2015.

Tivoli, New York
Tivoli is a village in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population is 1,012, according to the 2020 census. The village, which was incorporated in 1872 from parts of Upper Red Hook Landing and Madalin, is the northernmost settlement in the county, located in the northwestern part of the town of Red Hook. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area as well as the larger New York metropolitan area. It is entirely within the Hudson River Historic District, a National Historic Landmark. The village is accessible via New York State Route 9G at an intersection with Dutchess County Route 78.

The Kaatsbaan Cultural Center is located within the village boundaries. It was once known as the Kaatsbaan International Dance Center.
Phyllis Hudecki
Phyllis Hudecki is an American educator from Oklahoma. Hudecki was appointed by Governor of Oklahoma Mary Fallin to serve as her Secretary of Education, and served in this role from 2011 to 2013. As Secretary, Hudecki oversaw all aspects of elementary and secondary education, vocational education and higher education for the State.

Oklahoma Secretary of Education
The Oklahoma Secretary of Education is a member of the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet. The secretary is appointed by the governor, with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate, to serve at the pleasure of the governor. The secretary serves as the chief advisor to the governor on public education issues and needs.

The previous secretary, Ryan Walters, was appointed by Governor Kevin Stitt in 2020. Walters was ousted on April 11, 2023 after failing to resign from his position upon taking office as the elected State Superintendent of Public Instruction on January 9, 2023. Governor Stitt appointed Nellie Tayloe Sanders as the new Secretary of Education on January 24, 2024.
Logopandecteision
Logopandecteision is a 1653 parodic book by Sir Thomas Urquhart, detailing his plans for the creation of an artificial language by that name.

The book is written in a similar style to the extensive and intricate taxonomic structures of other philosophical languages, and to the baroque grammar of later projects such as Volapük. Urquhart promises twelve parts of speech: each declinable in eleven cases, four numbers, eleven genders (including god, goddess, man, woman, animal, etc.); and conjugable in eleven tenses, seven moods, and four voices. He claimed that the language could be used in translating verses from any vernacular language, citing Italian, French, Spanish, Slavonian, Dutch, Irish, and English as specific examples. Urquhart devotes sections of the book to polemics against the foes who prevented him from publishing his linguistic works, primarily his creditors and the Church of Scotland.

Constructed language
A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally emerge from human interaction, is intentionally devised by a person or group for a particular purpose. The term constructed language is often shortened to conlang and, as a relatively broad term, it encompasses subcategories including: fictional, artificial, engineered, planned and invented languages. Conlangs may include aspects reminiscent of natural language including phonology, grammar, orthography, and vocabulary. Interlinguistics includes the study of constructed languages.
E. Dale LeBaron
Elwin Dale LeBaron  (October 8, 1934 – December 3, 2009) was a Canadian scholar of the Latter Day Saint movement and a professor of Church History and Doctrine at Brigham Young University (BYU). He is known for his work on the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in Africa, where he served as mission president when the 1978 Revelation on Priesthood was announced and compiled hundreds of interviews from African locals.

Mission president
Mission president is a priesthood leadership position in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). A mission president presides over a geographic area known as a mission and the missionaries serving in the mission. Depending on the particular mission, a mission president may also be the presiding priesthood leader of some or all Latter-day Saints within the geographic boundaries of the mission. Mission presidents are ordained high priests of the church.
Wainsgate Baptist Church
Wainsgate Chapel is a redundant Baptist chapel standing in an elevated position above the town of Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire, England (grid reference SD998288).  The chapel and its attached school are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. The chapel is managed by the Historic Chapels Trust.

Historic Chapels Trust
The Historic Chapels Trust is a British Registered Charity set up to care for redundant non-Anglican churches, chapels, and places of worship in England.  To date, its holdings encompass various nonconformist Christian denominations and Roman Catholic sites.