hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Fraser
Arthur Fraser is a South African civil servant and former intelligence operative who was head of the State Security Agency from 2016 to 2018 and National Commissioner for Correctional Services from 2018 to 2021. He was previously an anti-apartheid activist in the African National Congress, a senior official in the now-defunct National Intelligence Agency, and briefly a senior official in the Department of Home Affairs.

Formerly a close ally of President Jacob Zuma, Fraser is known for his role in various political controversies, including his alleged role in leaking the spy tapes in 2009, his unconstitutional decision to grant Zuma medical parole in 2021, and his role in initiating the 2022 Farmgate scandal by making public a burglary at a private residence of President Cyril Ramaphosa. In 2022, the Zondo Commission recommended that the Hawks should investigate allegations that Fraser had abused state security resources during Zuma's presidency.

Department of Correctional Services (South Africa)
The Department of Correctional Services is a department of the South African government. It is responsible for running South Africa's prison system. The department has about 34,000 staff and is responsible for the administration of 240 prisons, which  accommodates about 189,748 inmates. The prisons include minimum, medium and maximum security facilities. The agency is headquartered in the West Block of the Poyntons Building in Pretoria.

The political head of the department is the Minister of Justice and Correctional Services, who is supported by a Deputy Minister of Correctional Services. As of June 2024 the minister is Pieter Groenewald and the deputy minister is Lindiwe Ntshalintshali. In the 2020 budget, R26,800.0 million was appropriated for the department. In the 2018/19 financial year the department had 38,459 employees.
Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited
Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited (GSECL) is a wholly owned subsidiary  of the Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam (GUVNL), which came into existence in August 1993 after the unbundling of the Gujarat Electricity Board. It is a power generation company working in the territory of Gujarat, India. It delivers electricity through four distribution companies – DGVCL, MGVCL, PGVCL and UGVCL.

Energy in India
Since 2013, the total primary energy consumption in India has been the third greatest in the world (see world energy consumption) after China and the United States. Having the largest national population of over 1.4 billion people, though, its per capita energy consumption is still in the lower half of all nations'. India was a net energy importer to meet nearly 47% of its total primary energy in 2019.

While much of its energy comes from fossil fuels, as of 2024, India is in the midst of a very rapid growth of solar and other renewable energy. However, this page currently only discusses the country's fossil fuel–based energy. For information about its renewable energy sources, see the page Renewable energy in India.
Herb Boyd
Herb Boyd (born November 1, 1938) is an American journalist, teacher, author, and activist. His articles appear regularly in the New York Amsterdam News. He is a former teacher of black studies at the City College of New York and the College of New Rochelle.

New York Amsterdam News
The Amsterdam News (also known as New York Amsterdam News) is a weekly Black-owned newspaper serving New York City. It is one of the oldest newspapers geared toward African Americans in the United States and has published columns by such figures as W. E. B. Du Bois, Roy Wilkins, and Adam Clayton Powell Jr., and was the first to recognize and publish Malcolm X. From 1916 to 1938, the paper operated from the New York Amsterdam News Building on Seventh Avenue in Harlem. The building is a National Landmark.
Broadway Corridor twin towers
The Broadway Corridor twin towers complex was a proposed mixed-use skyscraper complex in the Pearl District of Portland, Oregon. Multi-disciplinary architecture firm William Kaven Architecture proposed the complex as a potential part of the Broadway Corridor redevelopment project. The twin-towered skyscrapers would reach 970 feet (300 m) in height and would have become the tallest building in Oregon, the tallest twin towers in the Western Hemisphere and fifth-tallest in the world. A significant obstacle to the proposal was that current zoning at the site limits building heights to 400 feet (120 m).  The proposal was not among the list of three finalists chosen by Prosper Portland (formerly known as the Portland Development Commission) in March 2018.

Prosper Portland
Prosper Portland, formerly the Portland Development Commission (PDC), is the community development corporation created by the city of Portland, Oregon. It promotes development, housing projects and economic development within the city's eleven urban renewal districts.

As of 2025, Prosper Portland is overseen by the city’s Community & Economic Development service area, led by Deputy City Administrator for Community and Economic Development Donnie Oliveira.

In February 2025, Prosper Portland issued a loan that did not meet its own risk guidelines to a startup athletic wear company called Made in Old Town. Applications by Made in Old Town for additional funding were denied by Oregon regional government Portland Metro and the Clean Energy Fund.
Good Conduct Medal (United States)
The Good Conduct Medal is one of the oldest military awards of the United States Armed Forces. The U.S. Navy's variant of the Good Conduct Medal was established in 1869, the Marine Corps version in 1896, the Coast Guard version in 1923, the Army version in 1941, the Air Force version in 1963, and the Space Force version in 2023. the Air Force Good Conduct Medal was temporarily discontinued from February 2006 to February 2009, followed by its subsequent reinstatement.

Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces
Various medals, service ribbons, ribbon devices, and specific badges recognize military service and personal accomplishments of members of the U.S. Armed Forces. Such awards are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a service member's career.
2018 Liga 1 U-19
The 2018 Liga 1 U-19 season was the eighth edition of the Indonesia Junior Level League system since its introduction in 2008, the second and last since being changed from an under-21 league to under-19. From 2019, the league was contested by the under-20 teams. This season's participants were the U-19 teams of 2018 Liga 1 teams. The season began on 29 September 2018 and ended on 26 November 2018.

Persipura U19s were the defending champions after defeating Persib U19s 1–0 in last year final.

Persib U19s won the title on 26 November 2018 after defeating Persija U19s 1–0 in the final.

2018 Liga 1 (Indonesia)
The 2018 Liga 1, also known as Go-Jek Liga 1 for sponsorship reasons, was the 2nd season of Liga 1 under its current name and the 9th season of the top-flight Indonesian professional league for association football clubs since its establishment in 2008. The season started on 23 March 2018 and ended on 9 December 2018. Fixtures for the 2018 season were announced on 10 March 2018.

Bhayangkara were the defending champions. Persebaya, PSMS, and PSIS joined as the promoted teams from the 2017 Liga 2. They replaced Persegres, Persiba, and Semen Padang, which were relegated to the 2018 Liga 2.

Persija won their first Liga 1 title, and second Indonesian top-flight title overall on the final day of the season, finishing on 62 points.
Existential closure
In formal semantics, existential closure is an operation which introduces existential quantification. It was first posited by Irene Heim in her 1982 dissertation, as part of her analysis of indefinites. In her formulation, existential closure is a form of unselective binding which binds any number of variables of any semantic type. In alternative semantics and related frameworks, the term is often applied to a closely related operation which existentially quantifies over a set of propositional alternatives.

Alternative semantics
Alternative semantics (or Hamblin semantics) is a framework in formal semantics and logic. In alternative semantics, expressions denote alternative sets, understood as sets of objects of the same semantic type. For instance, while the word "Lena" might denote Lena herself in a classical semantics, it would denote the singleton set containing Lena in alternative semantics. The framework was introduced by Charles Leonard Hamblin in 1973 as a way of extending Montague grammar to provide an analysis for questions. In this framework, a question denotes the set of its possible answers. Thus, if  and  are propositions, then  is the denotation of the question whether  or  is true. Since the 1970s, it has been extended and adapted to analyze phenomena including focus, scope, disjunction, NPIs, presupposition, and implicature.
1998 British Speedway Championship
The 1998 British Speedway Championship was the 38th edition of the British Speedway Championship. The Final took place on 17 May at Brandon in Coventry, England. The Championship was won by Chris Louis, with Joe Screen in second place and Paul Hurry in third.

Brandon Stadium
Brandon Stadium, also known as Coventry Stadium, is located 6 miles east of Coventry in Brandon, Warwickshire, England. It was the home of the Coventry Bees motorcycle speedway team. It also hosted BriSCA F1 Stock Car Racing on the 1st Saturday of the month from April through to November. From 1978 until early 2016 it intermittently hosted greyhound racing. As of 2023, it is closed and has become dilapidated after several fires, including an arson attack in 2022.
Ghanshyam Dass
Ghanshyam Dass is a member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from the BJP representing the Yamuna Nagar Vidhan sabha Constituency in Haryana.

Ghanshyam Dass Arora (Hindi :घनश्याम दास अरोड़ा, Punjabi : ਘਨਸ਼ਿਆਮ ਦਾਸ ਅਰੋੜਾ) (son of Sh. Arjun Dass) was born on 13 August 1952. Arora is a Bhartiya Janata Party politician and is currently MLA of 13th legislative assembly of Haryana from Yamunanagar constituency. In 2014 he won Vidhan Sabha elections with a margin of 28245 votes. He joined Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in 1967 & became active member of Sangh.

Yamunanagar
Yamunanagar (pronunciationⓘ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Yamunanagar district in the Indian state of Haryana. This town is known for the cluster of plywood units and paper  factories. It provides timber to larger industries. The older town is called Jagadhri. The Yamunanagar-Jagadhri railway station (YJUD) services the city. Despite its name, Jagadhri Railway  is situated in Yamunanagar. There is also another railway station called Jagadhri Workshop in Yamunanagar.
EJ Johnson (soccer)
Emmanuel "EJ" Johnson (born May 11, 2003) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward. He has previously played for Scottish clubs Hibernian and FC Edinburgh, and in the U.S. for USL Championship teams Charleston Battery and Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC, and MLS Next Pro side Austin FC II.

Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC
Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC is an American professional soccer team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1998 and beginning play in 1999, the club plays in the Eastern Conference of the USL Championship, the second tier of the American soccer pyramid. Since 2013, the Riverhounds have played their home games at the 5,000-seat Highmark Stadium, a soccer-specific stadium located in Station Square. Their current head coach is Rob Vincent. Saint Lucian international David Flavius currently holds the club records for most appearances and goals which he set over his eight seasons with the Riverhounds between 1999 and 2006.

The Riverhounds have an affiliated women's soccer team, Pittsburgh Riveters SC, that plays in the USL W League.
Andromeda's rock
The Andromeda Rock is a rock jutting out of the Mediterranean in front of the old town of Jaffa, in present-day Israel, where it serves as a local tourist attraction. According to Greek mythology, this was the site where King Cepheus's daughter Andromeda was chained and sacrificed to a sea monster, but was timely rescued by Perseus, who then married Andromeda.

Perseus
In Greek mythology, Perseus (US: /ˈpɜːr.si.əs/ ⓘ, UK: /ˈpɜː.sjuːs/; Greek: Περσεύς, translit. Perseús) is the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty. He was, alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon, the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles. He beheaded the Gorgon Medusa for Polydectes and saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus. He was a demigod, being the son of Zeus and the mortal Danaë, as well as the half-brother and great-grandfather of Heracles (as they were both children of Zeus, and Heracles's mother was Perseus's granddaughter).
Dolanog
Dolanog (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) or Pont Dolanog is an ecclesiastical parish or chapelry that was formed in October 1856. It comprises the townships of Dolwar in Llanfihangel portions of Coedtalog in Llanerfyl, Cynhinfa in Llangyniew and Gwaunynog in Llanfair Caereinion. The total area of this parish is 3,100 acres. Dolanog was within the historic county of Montgomeryshire, which  now forms part of Powys, Wales.
Dolwar Fechan in Dolanog was the home Ann Griffiths, the Methodist hymn writer.

Montgomeryshire
Montgomeryshire (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn 'the shire of Baldwin's town', or simply Maldwyn) was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974, later becoming a district of Powys from 1974 to 1996. It was named after its county town, Montgomery, which in turn was named after one of William the Conqueror's main counsellors, Roger de Montgomerie, who was the 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.

The area of what was Montgomeryshire, now constitutes the northern part of the county of Powys. The current area was 2,174 square km (839 square miles).

The largest town was Newtown, followed by Welshpool and Llanidloes.
Club El Porvenir
Club El Porvenir is an Argentine football club headquartered in the Gerli district of Lanús Partido in Greater Buenos Aires. The team currently plays in Primera C, the regionalised fourth division of the Argentine football league system.

Lanús Partido
Lanús is a partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, at the south of the Gran Buenos Aires urban conglomerate neighbouring Buenos Aires city.

The partido has an area of 45 km2 (17 sq mi), and a population of 453,500 (2010 census [INDEC]). Its capital is the city of Lanús.

Lanús Partido is connected to the Buenos Aires city across the Valentín Alsina Bridge over the Riachuelo River. The name of the partido comes from the former land owner Anacarsis Lanús, who was a pioneer in the urbanization of the area.
Class of Heroes
Class of Heroes is a role-playing video game dungeon crawler for the PlayStation Portable developed by Zero Div and published by Acquire in Japan and Atlus in North America. In Japan, the game was released on August 26, 2008; in North America, the game was released on June 9, 2009, by Atlus. In the game, players progress by navigating dungeons as hordes of enemies appear and attack in turn-based combat. Class of Heroes received mixed reviews from critics, with some appreciating the creative take on dungeon-crawling and others disliking the game's graphics and grind-based leveling system.

An enhanced remake called Ken to Mahō to Gakuenmono Anniversary Edition was released for the Nintendo Switch in Japan on April 26, 2018.

Dungeon crawl
A dungeon crawl is a type of scenario in fantasy role-playing games (RPGs) in which heroes navigate a labyrinth environment (a "dungeon"), battling various monsters, avoiding traps, solving puzzles, and looting any treasure they may find. Video games and board games which predominantly feature dungeon crawl elements are considered to be a genre.
Jarrad Kennedy
Jarrad Kennedy (born 27 February 1989) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays for the Mount Pritchard Mounties in the Intrust Super Premiership. He plays at second-row, but can also fill in at centre. He previously played for the Canberra Raiders and the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles in the National Rugby League.

NSW Cup
The NSW Cup, currently known as the Knock-On Effect NSW Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a rugby league competition for clubs in New South Wales. The competition has a history dating back to the NSWRFL's origins in 1908, starting off as a reserve grade competition, and is now the premier open age competition in the state. The New South Wales Cup, along with the Queensland Cup, acts as a feeder competition to the National Rugby League premiership. The competition is the oldest continuous rugby league competition in Australia.

The NSW Cup is contested by reserve squads of NSW-based NRL teams and also includes sides representing teams that once competed at the first grade level in the NSWRL Premiership but no longer field teams in the NRL competition, and teams that have not fielded teams in the NRL competition. The North Sydney Bears are the only team to have competed in every season, since the start of the competition since 1908.
The Australian Wars
The Australian Wars (known internationally as First Wars) is a three-part 2022 documentary series about the Australian frontier wars, directed and narrated by Indigenous Australian filmmaker Rachel Perkins and made for SBS Television. Using interviews, re-enactments, archaeological research, and original documents, it explores massacres in Sydney, Tasmania, and Queensland.

The series received positive reviews, with a number of people calling it "essential viewing" for Australians. However, others have criticised it as exaggerating the number of Aboriginal deaths and promoting a political agenda. In response to the series, the Australian War Memorial announced it would work towards great inclusion of the violence against Indigenous people in its exhibitions. The series won the 2023 Silver Logie for Most Outstanding Factual or Documentary Program.

Logie Awards of 2023
The 63rd Annual TV Week Logie Awards ceremony was held on 30 July 2023 at The Star, Sydney, and broadcast on the Seven Network. The ceremony was hosted by Sam Pang, making it the first time in eleven years that the event returned to having a solo host.
Mickey He
He Shengming (born He Min on July 9, 1976) is a Chinese actor and singer. Born in Xiantao, Hubei, he moved to Guangzhou, Guangdong in the early 1990s to pursue a music career. Along with Peng Liang and Yang Guang, he formed the boy band China Power in 1996. He left the group in 1998 to pursue a solo career under the stage name He Weiqi, but failed to gain traction. In 2004, he changed his stage name to He Shengming and relocated to Beijing for a training program at the Beijing Film Academy, after which he transitioned into acting. He experienced a major career revival in the late 2000s and early 2010s through starring roles in productions by Yu Zheng, but his prominence declined again following their breakup in 2013.

Yu Zheng
Yu Zheng (Chinese: 于正; pinyin: Yú Zhèng; born 28 February 1978) is a Chinese screenwriter and showrunner. Founder of Huanyu Entertainment, Yu is known for the historical romance dramas Palace (2011), Story of Yanxi Palace (2018), and The Double (2024), as well as for his high-profile, outspoken, and sometimes controversial media presence.
Kfar Adumim
Kfar Adumim (Hebrew: כְּפַר אֲדֻמִּים, lit. 'Village of The Red') is a mixed religious-secular Israeli settlement in the West Bank. It is located in the Judean Desert, on the southern bank of Wadi Qelt, about 2 miles northeast of the town Ma'ale Adumim. It is at 367 meters above sea level. It is organized as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 5,019.  The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics counts the populations of nearby settlements Alon and Nofei Prat as part of the population of Kfar Adumim.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Mateh Binyamin Regional Council
Mateh Binyamin Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית מטה בנימין, Mo'atza Azorit Mateh Binyamin, Lit. Council for the Region of the Tribe of Benjamin) is a regional council governing 47 Israeli settlements and outposts in the West Bank. The council's jurisdiction is from the Jordan valley in the east to the Samarian foothills in the west, and from the Shiloh creek in the north to the Jerusalem Mountains in the south.

The seat of the council is Psagot. The council is named for the ancient Israelite tribe of Benjamin, whose territory roughly corresponds to that of the council. The region in which the Binyamin settlements are located is referred to as the Binyamin Region.

The international community considers Israeli settlements to be illegal, but the state of Israel disputes this, and this applies to all communities under the administration of Mateh Binyamin.
Tufted capuchin
The tufted capuchin (Sapajus apella), also known as brown capuchin, black-capped capuchin, or pin monkey, is a New World primate from South America and the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Margarita.

The tufted capuchin is omnivorous, mostly feeding on fruits and invertebrates, although it sometimes feeds on small vertebrates (e.g. lizards and bird chicks) and other plant parts. It can be found in many different kinds of environment, including moist tropical and subtropical forest, dry forest, and disturbed or secondary forest.

Like other capuchins, it is a social animal, forming groups of 8 to 15 individuals that are led by an alpha or dominant male.

New World monkey
New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea (/səˈbɔɪdi.ə/), the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini (/plætɪˈraɪnaɪ/).

Platyrrhini is derived from the Greek for "broad nosed", and their noses are flatter than those of other simians, with sideways-facing nostrils. Monkeys in the family Atelidae, such as the spider monkey, are the only primates to have prehensile tails. New World monkeys' closest relatives are the other simians, the Catarrhini ("down-nosed"), comprising Old World monkeys and apes. New World monkeys descend from African simians that colonized South America, a line that split off about 40 million years ago.
Emirate of Afghanistan (1929)
The Emirate of Afghanistan was a short-lived unrecognized state in Central Asia ruled by the Saqqawists that existed from January to October 1929. Habibullāh Kalakāni became the state's only emir on 18 January 1929. After the fall of Kalakāni on 13 October 1929, the Emirate ended.

Their rule is known in the history of Afghanistan as the Saqqawist period.

Habibullah Kalakani
Habibullah Kalakani, (‎born Habibullah Khan; 1870 or 1891 – 1 November 1929) titularly known as Habibullah Khan III, and derogatively known as "Bacha-yi Saqaw", was the Emir of Afghanistan from 17 January to 13 October 1929, and the former leader of the Saqqawists. During the Afghan Civil War (1928–1929), he captured vast swathes of Afghanistan and ruled Kabul during what is known in Afghan historiography as the "Saqqawist period". No country recognized Kalakani as ruler of Afghanistan.

During the 1928–1929 Afghan Civil War, he contested the Afghan throne with King Amanullah Khan. After defeating Amanullah, he was eventually defeated by Mohammad Nadir Shah. Khalilullah Khalili, a noted historian and Kohistani poet laureate, depicted King Habibullah Kalakani as the "best manager of governmental imports and exports".