hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cromwell's Act of Grace
Cromwell's Act of Grace, or more formally the Act of Pardon and Grace to the People of Scotland, was an Act of the Parliament of England that declared that the people of Scotland (with certain exceptions) were pardoned for any crimes they might have committed during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It was proclaimed at the Mercat Cross in Edinburgh on 5 May 1654. General George Monck, the English military governor of Scotland, was present in Edinburgh, having arrived the day before for two proclamations also delivered at the Mercat Cross, the first declaring Oliver Cromwell to be the protector of England, Ireland and Scotland, and that Scotland was united with the Commonwealth of England.

Tender of Union
The Tender of Union was a declaration of the Parliament of England during the Interregnum following the War of the Three Kingdoms stating that Scotland would cease to have an independent parliament and would join England in its emerging Commonwealth republic.

The English parliament passed the declaration on 28 October 1651 and after a number of interim steps an Act of Union was passed on 26 June 1657. The proclamation of the Tender of Union in Scotland on 4 February 1652 regularised the de facto annexation of Scotland by England following the English victory in the recent Anglo-Scottish war. Under the terms of the Tender of Union and the final enactment, the Scottish Parliament was permanently dissolved and Scotland was given 30 seats in the Westminster Parliament. This act, like all the others passed during the Interregnum, was repealed by both Scottish and English parliaments upon the Restoration of monarchy under Charles II.
2025–26 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 2025–26 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represents Georgetown University in the 2025–26 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Hoyas, led by third-year head coach Ed Cooley, are members of the Big East Conference. The Hoyas play their home games in Washington, D.C., at Capital One Arena and McDonough Gymnasium.

2025–26 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 2025–26 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 3, 2025. The regular season will end on March 15, 2026, with the 2026 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament beginning with the First Four on March 17 and ending with the championship game at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana, on April 6.
1974–75 WCHL season
The 1974–75 WCHL season was the ninth season of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). It featured twelve teams playing a 70-game regular season, an increase from 68. The Victoria Cougars topped the regular season standings with 47 wins. In the playoffs, the New Westminster Bruins defeated the Saskatoon Blades in a seven-game championship series to win the President's Cup. With the win, the Bruins earned a berth at the 1975 Memorial Cup tournament, in which they lost the final to the Toronto Marlboros, who captured their record seventh national title.

The season was the first for the Lethbridge Broncos, after the Swift Current Broncos relocated prior to the season.

1975 Memorial Cup
The 1975 Memorial Cup took place May 3–11 at the Kitchener Memorial Auditorium Complex in Kitchener, Ontario.  It was the 57th annual Memorial Cup competition, organized by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) to determine the champion of major junior A ice hockey.  Participating teams were the winners of the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League, Quebec Major Junior Hockey League and Western Hockey League which were the Toronto Marlboros, Sherbrooke Castors and New Westminster Bruins.  Toronto won their 7th Memorial Cup, defeating New Westminster in the final game.
1894 California Golden Bears football team
The 1894 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1894 college football season. The team competed as an independent under head coach Charles O. Gill and compiled a record of 0–1–2.

Charles O. Gill
Charles Otis Gill (March 4, 1868 – June 2, 1959) was an American Congregationalist clergyman and college football player and coach. Named to the 1889 All-America college football team as a player for Yale, Gill later served as head coach for the California and New Hampshire football programs, one season each. With Gifford Pinchot, Gill co-authored two influential books on the state of rural churches in the United States.
2014 Toronto FC season
The 2014 Toronto FC season was the eighth season in club history. During the off-season, Toronto FC agreed to a one-year partnership with USL outfit Wilmington Hammerheads. Jackson, Justin Morrow, Dwayne De Rosario, Gilberto, Michael Bradley, Jermain Defoe, Bradley Orr, Collen Warner, Luke Moore, Dominic Oduro, Warren Creavalle and Júlio César came to Toronto.

Toronto opened pre-season on January 24. Toronto will start the season on March 15 against the Seattle Sounders FC and finish on October 25 against the New England Revolution.

Greg Vanney
Greg Vanney (born June 11, 1974) is an American former professional soccer player and head coach of the LA Galaxy in Major League Soccer.

A defender and one of MLS's original players, Vanney spent 10 seasons in the league and another three-and-a-half in the French First Division playing for Sporting Club de Bastia between 2002 and 2005. He also earned 36 caps, scoring one goal, with the U.S. national team between 1996 and 2006.

In 2017, as coach of Toronto FC, Vanney won the domestic treble by lifting the MLS Cup, Supporters' Shield and the Canadian Championship, also being named MLS Coach of the Year. He won a second MLS Cup as coach of the LA Galaxy in 2024.
2012 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team
The 2012 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team represented Appalachian State University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by 24th-year head coach Jerry Moore and played their home games at Kidd Brewer Stadium. They were a member of the Southern Conference. They finished the season 8–4, 6–2 in SoCon play to share the conference championship with Georgia Southern and Wofford. They received an at–large bid to the FCS playoffs where they lost in the second round to Illinois State in what would turn out to be the school's last postseason game as an FCS program, as the Mountaineers will move to FBS and the Sun Belt Conference in 2014.

2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season
The 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, was organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. The season began on August 30, 2012, and concluded with the 2013 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game on January 5, 2013, at FC Dallas Stadium in Frisco, Texas. North Dakota State beat Sam Houston State for the second year in a row, 39-13, to repeat as champions.
1919 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1919 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon as a member of the Northwest Conference and the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1919 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Charles A. Huntington, the Webfoots compiled an overall record of 5–2 and lost to undefeated Harvard in the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day. Oregon had a record of 2–1 in both conferences, placing second in the Northwest Conference and sharing the PCC title with Washington.

Oregon played home games at Kincaid Field and Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon, and Multnomah Field in Portland, Oregon. The inaugural game at Hayward Field was the rivalry against Oregon Agricultural on November 15. It hosted varsity football through 1966, and continues as an elite track and field venue.

Kincaid Field
Kincaid Field was an athletic field in the located on the campus of the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon. The university acquired the property and used it for athletics from c. 1895 until 1922; it was succeeded by Hayward Field for football in 1919.

Kincaid was located on the west side of campus, on what is now the Memorial Quadrangle. The approximate elevation is 420 feet (130 m) above sea level.
2007 Baltimore Ravens season
The 2007 season was the Baltimore Ravens' 12th in the National Football League (NFL), their 9th and final under head coach Brian Billick, and their 6th season under general manager Ozzie Newsome.

They entered the season hoping to improve on their 13–3 record from 2006, but failed to improve on that record. After a 4–2 start, the Ravens went on a franchise record 9-game losing streak. However, the Ravens defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in week 17 and finished the season with a record of 5–11. They were eliminated from playoff contention with a loss to the undefeated New England Patriots in Week 13.

Musa Smith
Musa Smith (/ˈmuːsə/; born May 31, 1982) is an American former professional football player who was a  running back for five seasons in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs and was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the third round of the 2003 NFL draft. Smith was also a member of the New York Jets.
1952–53 NBA season
The 1952–53 NBA season was the seventh season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Minneapolis Lakers winning the NBA Championship, beating the New York Knicks 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals.

Don Meineke
Don "Monk" Meineke (October 30, 1930 – September 3, 2013) was an American basketball player. He played college basketball for the University of Dayton and was a consensus second-team All-American in 1952. He later played professionally in the National Basketball Association and won the inaugural Rookie of the Year award in 1953.
E-Loan
E-Loan, Inc. is a financial services company that offers its users access to partners that may be able to assist them in obtaining loans.

E-Loan was a pioneer in the online lending industry in the late 1990s and early 2000s. As of 1999, it was the number one site for online lending, with Quicken Loan's later online offering playing catch-up in second after E-Loan declined a buyout offer.

As of 2017, E-Loan is focused on its personal loan referral business, and as of May 15, 2017 all of its deposit customers were transferred to Popular Direct.

E-Loan is a division of Banco Popular de Puerto Rico.

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico
Popular, Inc., doing business as Banco Popular de Puerto Rico (BPPR) or simply as Banco Popular in Puerto Rico and the U.S. and British Virgin Islands, and as Popular Bank in the United States, is a full-service financial services conglomerate headquartered at Popular Center in the Milla de Oro financial district in the Hato Rey business center of San Juan, the capital municipality of the archipelago and island of Puerto Rico. Founded in 1893, it is the largest banking institution in Puerto Rico in terms of assets and deposits, and it ranks among the largest bank and thrift holding companies in total assets in the United States. In recent years, it has expanded into other areas of the Caribbean and Latin America.
Battle of Zarghan
The Battle of Zarghan (Persian: نبرد زرگان) was the last battle of Ashraf Hotak's career as a statesman. Having been repeatedly bludgeoned by Nader's army through the Battles of Mehmandoost and Murche-Khort, Ashraf had withdrawn from Isfahan and escaped south to Shiraz to rebuild his army in an ultimately futile attempt to reverse his fortunes. Although he found some local support amongst a few tribes, he was decisively beaten, for the last time, after which he disappeared from Persia as well as the historical records, with no consensus being reached concerning the manner of his demise.

Battle of Murche-Khort
The Battle of Murche-Khort (Persian: نبرد مورچه‌خورت) was the last decisive engagement of Nader's campaign to restore Tahmasp II to the Iranian throne. Ashraf Hotak had failed to arrest Nader's advance onto Isfahan at Khwar pass where his ambush was discovered, surrounded and ambushed itself. The battle was fought in an uncharacteristic manner by the Afghans who to some extent sought to replicate their foes tactical systems which had so badly devastated their armies up to this point. Victory opened a clear road south towards Isfahan and the return of Safavid rule for a few brief years before Nader himself would overthrow it In 1736 and appointed himself as Shah, establishing the Afsharid dynasty.
Vicina (town)
Vicina was a town on the Danube used as a trading post by the Republic of Genoa, being part of the Genoese trade empire between the 13th and 14th century. At one time, it was the most flourishing port of the maritime Danube, but its importance declined with the development of other ports such as Kilia and Brăila. Although many locations have been proposed by both historians and archeologists as the remains of Vicina, it is still unknown where 
this town was located.

Chilia Veche
Chilia Veche (Romanian pronunciation: /kiˈlija ˈveˈke/; meaning Old Chilia) is a commune in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania, in the Danube Delta. It gave its name to the Chilia branch of the Danube, which separates it from Ukraine. It is composed of four villages: Câșlița, Chilia Veche, Ostrovu Tătaru and Tatanir.

Founded by the Greek Byzantines, it was given its name after the word for "granaries" - κελλίa, kellia, recorded earliest in 1241 in the works of Persian chronicler Rashid al-Din. Some scholars consider the mediaeval Genoese trade centre known as Lycostomo (Λυκόστομο) was also located here. A town on the other side of the Danube, now in Ukraine, known as Nova Kiliia (Romanian: Chilia Nouă) or "New Chilia", was built by Stephen the Great of Moldavia in order to counteract the Ottoman Empire (that had taken control of the former town in the 15th century).

Ostrovu Tătaru village, which has no permanent population, is located on Tătaru Mare Island.
MicroFUN
The Microlensing Follow-Up Network (μFUN, pronounced "micro-fun") is an informal group of observers who monitor high magnification gravitational microlensing events in the Milky Way's Galactic Bulge. Its goal is to detect extrasolar planets via microlensing of the parent star by the planet. μFUN is a follow-up network - they monitor microlensing events identified by survey groups such as OGLE and Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA).

In January 2009, μFUN merged with the Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork (PLANET).

Organizations like μFUN provide a forum and a listserv for instant notification to amateur and professional astronomers all over the globe, so that microlensing events can be mined for all the information that can be gathered. Thus, amateur astronomers have a useful role in significant discoveries, as well as a clear and democratic path to authorship on any peer-reviewed scientific publications that result.

Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) is a Polish astronomical project based at the University of Warsaw that runs a long-term variability sky survey (1992–present). The main goals are the detection and classification of variable stars (pulsating and eclipsing), discovery of microlensing events, dwarf novae, and studies of the structure of the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. Since the project began in 1992, it has discovered a multitude of extrasolar planets, together with the first planet discovered using the transit method (OGLE-TR-56b) and gravitational microlensing. The project has been led by professor Andrzej Udalski since its inception.
Marsh Creek (California)
Marsh Creek is a stream in east Contra Costa County, California in Northern California which rises on the eastern side of Mount Diablo and flows 30 miles (48 km) to the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta at Oakley, California, near Big Break Regional Shoreline. The creek flows through Marsh Creek State Park, where water is impounded to form Marsh Creek Reservoir, then through the city of Brentwood, California.

Mount Diablo
Mount Diablo is a mountain of the Diablo Range, in Contra Costa County of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California. It is south of Clayton and northeast of Danville. It is an isolated upthrust peak of 3,849 feet (1,173 meters), visible from most of the San Francisco Bay Area. Mount Diablo appears from many angles to be a double pyramid and has many subsidiary peaks. The largest and closest is North Peak, the other half of the double pyramid, which is nearly as high in elevation at 3,557 feet (1,084 m), and is about one mile (1.6 kilometers) northeast of the main summit.

The mountain is within the boundaries of Mount Diablo State Park, which is administered by California State Parks.
2011 Women's British Open
The 2011 Ricoh Women's British Open was held 28–31 July at Carnoustie Golf Links in Angus, Scotland. It was the 35th Women's British Open, and the 11th as a major championship on the LPGA Tour. This was the first time for the Women's British Open at Carnoustie, which previously hosted seven Open Championships, most recently in 2007.

Yani Tseng became the first to successfully defend her title at the Women's British Open as a major championship, four strokes ahead of runner-up Brittany Lang. She became youngest player, male or female, to win five major titles.

2007 Open Championship
The 2007 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 136th Open Championship, played from 19–22 July at Carnoustie Golf Links in Scotland. Pádraig Harrington defeated Sergio García in a playoff to take the title and his first major championship.

A field of 156 players participated in the championship, and the purse was £4.2 million (an increase of £200,000 over 2006); the winner received £750,000 (an increase of £30,000 over 2006). Using conversion rates at the time of the tournament, the purse was €6,158,474 for the European Tour's Order of Merit rankings and US$8,637,720 for the PGA Tour's money list.
Pennsylvania Railroad class L2s
The Pennsylvania Railroad's class L2s was a class of USRA Light Mikados originally purchased (1919) for the subsidiary Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. Similar in size to the home-designed and built L1s, the L2s was easily distinguishable by their radial-stay fireboxes and Hodges fabricated trailing trucks. They were built by ALCO. All were retired in 1948.

USRA Light Mikado
The USRA Light Mikado was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard light freight locomotive of the USRA types, and was of 2-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 1′D1′ in UIC classification.

A total of 614 locomotives were built under the auspices of the USRA, with a further 641 copies built after the end of the USRA's control. The first, for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was completed in July 1918 and given #4500. The locomotives were considered well designed and modern, and were popular and successful. Large numbers remained in service until replaced by diesel locomotives. It was also called the McAdoo Mikado after William Gibbs McAdoo, head of the USRA.
Arkansas Highway 301
Highway 301 (AR 301, Ark. 301 and Hwy. 301) is a north–south state highway in Pike County, Arkansas. The route of 22.90 miles (36.85 km) runs from Highway 26/Highway 27 in Murfreesboro through rural Pike County to Highway 29 in Antoine.

Arkansas Highway 26
Arkansas Highway 26 (AR 26) is a designation for two state highways in Arkansas, United States. One segment of 58.0 miles (93.3 km) runs from U.S. Route 371 (US 371) east of Lockesburg east to Highway 51 west of Arkadelphia. A second segment of 2.8 miles (4.5 km) runs from Interstate 30 (I-30) west of Gum Springs east to the Alcoa plant east of Gum Springs. Highway 26 also has a spur route (designated as Highway 26S), which travels mainly along the corridor of the Clark County Industrial Park south of Gum Springs.
Galgos de Tijuana
The Galgos de Tijuana (English: Tijuana Greyhounds) are an American football team based in Tijuana, Mexico. The Galgos compete in the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA), the top American football league in Mexico. The team plays its home games at Estadio Caliente.

2022 LFA season
The 2022 LFA season was the seventh season of operation (sixth season of play) of the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA), the top American football league in Mexico. The regular season began on 4 March and concluded on 24 April, with the playoffs beginning on April 30 and ending with the Tazón México V, on 21 May. The league returned after a two-season hiatus.

Fundidores won their first LFA championship after defeating Gallos Negros 18–14 in the Tazón México V, played in Tijuana.
Coulomb crystal
A Coulomb crystal (also Ion Coulomb crystal) is a collection of trapped ions confined in a crystal-like structure at low temperature. The structures represent an equilibrium between the repulsive Coulomb interaction between ions and the electric and magnetic fields used to confine the ions. Depending on the confinement techniques and parameters, as well as the number of ions in the trap, these can be 1-, 2- or 3-dimensional, with typical spacing between ions of ~10μm, which is significantly larger than typical solid-state crystal structures. Outside of ion traps, Coulomb crystals also occur naturally in celestial objects such as neutron stars.

Ion trap
An ion trap consists of electrodes that produce electric fields to trap ions (charged particles), which may be atoms, molecules, or large particles such as dust.  Ion traps have a number of applications including mass spectrometry, atomic frequency standards, and quantum computing. In comparison to neutral atom traps, ion traps have deeper trapping potentials (up to several electronvolts) that are agnostic to the internal structure of the ions.  The two most popular ion traps are the Paul trap which uses static and oscillating electric fields and the Penning trap, which uses a static electric field and static magnetic field.  Paul traps are used in trapped ion quantum computers and realizing atomic clocks, including the most precise instrument humankind has ever made.  Penning traps are powerful tools for mass spectrometry and measuring magnetic dipole moments.
2015 UCLA Bruins football team
The 2015 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bruins were coached by fourth-year head coach Jim Mora and played their home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. They were members of the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference. The Bruins finished the season 8–5, including 5–4 in conference play to finish third in the South Division, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 419 to 338.

Kaʻimi Fairbairn
John Christian Kaʻiminoeauloamekaʻikeokekumupaʻa Fairbairn (born January 29, 1994) is an American professional football placekicker for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). Playing college football for the UCLA Bruins, he was a consensus first-team All-American as a senior, when he was also awarded the Lou Groza Award as the nation's top college kicker in 2015. After winning the kicking position as a true freshman, Fairbairn became the Pac-12 Conference record holder for the most career points scored. He signed with the Texans as an undrafted free agent in 2016 and was named their starting kicker the following year.

With a career field goal percentage of 87.6%, Fairbairn is currently the sixth most accurate kicker in NFL history.