hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stein's method
Stein's method is a general method in probability theory to obtain bounds on the distance between two probability distributions with respect to a probability metric. It was introduced by Charles Stein, who first published it in 1972, to obtain a bound between the distribution of a sum of -dependent sequence of random variables and a standard normal distribution in the Kolmogorov (uniform) metric and hence to prove not only a central limit theorem, but also bounds on the rates of convergence for the given metric.

Uniform norm
In mathematical analysis, the uniform norm (or sup norm) assigns, to real- or complex-valued bounded functions ⁠⁠ defined on a set ⁠⁠, the non-negative number

This norm is also called the supremum norm, the Chebyshev norm, the infinity norm, or, when the supremum is in fact the maximum, the max norm.  The name "uniform norm" derives from the fact that a sequence of functions ⁠⁠ converges to ⁠⁠ under the metric derived from the uniform norm if and only if ⁠⁠ converges to ⁠⁠ uniformly.

If ⁠⁠ is a continuous function on a closed and bounded interval, or more generally a compact set, then it is bounded and the supremum in the above definition is attained by the Weierstrass extreme value theorem, so we can replace the supremum by the maximum. In this case, the norm is also called the maximum norm.
In particular, if ⁠⁠ is some vector such that  in finite dimensional coordinate space, it takes the form:

This is called the -norm.
Ovens, County Cork
Ovens (Irish: Na hUamhanna), formerly also Athnowen, is a small village and electoral division (ED) adjacent to the town of Ballincollig, County Cork, Ireland. The 2006 census recorded that the population of Ovens ED was then 1,703 people - an increase of 62.1% from the 2002 census. Ovens also gives its name to a civil parish and Catholic parish of the same name. It lies within the Dáil constituency of Cork North-West.

Electoral division (Ireland)
An electoral division (ED, Irish: toghroinn) is a legally defined administrative area in the Republic of Ireland, generally comprising multiple townlands, and formerly a subdivision of urban and rural districts. Until 1996, EDs were known as district electoral divisions (DEDs, toghroinn ceantair) in the 29 county council areas and wards in the five county boroughs. Until 1972, DEDs also existed in Northern Ireland. The predecessor poor law electoral divisions were introduced throughout the island of Ireland in the 1830s. The divisions were used as local-government electoral areas until 1919 in what is now the Republic and until 1972 in Northern Ireland.
Attu, Greenland
Attu is a settlement in the Qeqertalik municipality in western Greenland, located on a small island on the shores of Davis Strait. Its population was 203 in 2020. It is the southernmost settlement in the municipality.

Davis Strait
Davis Strait (Danish: Davisstrædet; Inuktitut: ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᖓ Qikiqtaaluup Ikinga) is a southern arm of the Arctic Ocean that lies north of the Labrador Sea. It lies between mid-western Greenland and Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada. To the north is Baffin Bay. The strait was named for English explorer John Davis (1550–1605), who sailed the area while seeking a route through the Northwest Passage, and by the 1650s it was used for whale hunting.
William Douglas Cook
William Douglas Cook (New Plymouth, New Zealand, 28 October 1884 – Gisborne, New Zealand, 27 April 1967) was the founder of Eastwoodhill Arboretum, now the national arboretum of New Zealand, and one of the founders of Pukeiti, a rhododendron garden, close to New Plymouth. He was a "plantsman with the soul of a poet and the vision of a philosopher".

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
Into White (album)
Into White is the 21st studio album by American singer-songwriter Carly Simon, released by Columbia Records, on January 2, 2007.

It is her fifth album of standards, following Torch (1981), My Romance (1990), Film Noir (1997), and Moonlight Serenade (2005). The album was produced by the Martha's Vineyard producer Jimmy Parr, with whom Simon has worked extensively as his studio is close to her Tisbury farm. Simon's children, Sally Taylor and Ben Taylor, appear on the album. The three perform a choral trio on the track "You Can Close Your Eyes".

Following the successes of Reflections: Carly Simon's Greatest Hits (2004) and Moonlight Serenade (2005), Into White continued Simon's recently rejuvenated high chart profile and became Billboard's Hot Shot Debut, entering the chart at No. 15 and peaking at No. 13 in its second week, and staying on the charts for 10 weeks. The album also hit No. 1 on the Top Internet Albums chart.

Torch (Carly Simon album)
Torch is the 10th studio album by American singer-songwriter Carly Simon, released by Warner Bros. Records, in August 1981.

It was Simon's first album devoted to standards, namely torch songs, relating unrequited love or rejection. The album also features one Simon original, "From the Heart". The album was recorded during her marriage breakup to James Taylor, which was announced shortly after the release of the album.
Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne (2 July 1780 – 31 January 1863), known as Lord Henry Petty from 1784 to 1809, was a British statesman. In a ministerial career spanning nearly half a century, he notably served as Home Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer and was three times Lord President of the Council, serving in every Whig or Liberal Ministry from 1806 to 1863.

Lord President of the Council
The Lord President of the Council is the presiding officer of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom and the fourth of the Great Officers of State, ranking below the Lord High Treasurer but above the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. The Lord President usually attends and is responsible for chairing the meetings of the Privy Council, presenting business for the approval of the Sovereign.
Nonsteroidal estrogen
A nonsteroidal estrogen is an estrogen with a nonsteroidal chemical structure. The most well-known example is the stilbestrol estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). Although nonsteroidal estrogens formerly had an important place in medicine, they have gradually fallen out of favor following the discovery of toxicities associated with high-dose DES starting in the early 1970s, and are now almost never used. On the other hand, virtually all selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are nonsteroidal, with triphenylethylenes like tamoxifen and clomifene having been derived from DES, and these drugs remain widely used in medicine for the treatment of breast cancer among other indications. In addition to pharmaceutical drugs, many xenoestrogens, including phytoestrogens, mycoestrogens, and synthetic endocrine disruptors like bisphenol A, are nonsteroidal substances with estrogenic activity.

Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), also known as estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists (ERAAs), are a class of drugs that act on estrogen receptors (ERs). Compared to pure ER agonists–antagonists (e.g., full agonists and silent antagonists), SERMs are more tissue-specific, allowing them to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues.
The Cheetah Girls 2
The Cheetah Girls 2 is a 2006 American musical comedy film directed by Kenny Ortega. It is the sequel to The Cheetah Girls (2003). The plot follows the talented teen quartet who take a whirlwind tour of Spain to pursue their dreams of pop superstardom.

The film's premiere received the highest ratings of all Disney Channel Movies at its time, a total of over 8.1 million viewers, beating the previous record holder, Cadet Kelly (7.8 million). The Cheetah Girls 2 is also the highest-rated film of The Cheetah Girls trilogy. The Cheetah Girls 2 was the highest-rated Disney Channel Original Movie of 2006 and, as of 2024, is the joint-eighth-highest-rated Disney Channel Original Movie of all time. The Cheetah Girls 2 was also the last The Cheetah Girls film to feature Raven-Symoné.

Cadet Kelly
Cadet Kelly is a 2002 American military comedy film released as a Disney Channel Original Movie and starring Hilary Duff and Christy Carlson Romano. The film premiered with 7.8 million viewers. It is Duff's second starring film role, her first being Casper Meets Wendy. The film premiered on Disney Channel on March 8, 2002.
Violin Sonata No. 3 (Medtner)
The Violin Sonata No. 3 in E minor, Op. 57, given the name Epica, is a four-movement work for violin and piano, written by Nikolai Medtner from 1935 to 1938. The piece was dedicated to his late brother Emil Medtner.

E minor
E minor is a minor scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F♯, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature has one sharp, on the F. Its relative major is G major and its parallel major is E major.

The E natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

Much of the classical guitar repertoire is in E minor, as this is a very natural key for the instrument. In standard tuning (E A D G B E), four of the instrument's six open (unfretted) strings are part of the tonic chord. The key of E minor is also popular in heavy metal music, as its tonic is the lowest note on a standard-tuned guitar.
Umberto Grilli
Umberto Grilli (31 January 1882 – 26 October 1951) was an Italian politician and lawyer who served in both the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy and the Constituent Assembly of Italy, and later as president of the Province of Asti.

Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Italy)
The Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Camera dei deputati del Regno d'Italia) was the main legislative body of the Kingdom of Italy descended from the lower house of the Kingdom of Sardinia, but supplemented with deputies from territories captured during the Second Italian War of Independence and the Expedition of the Thousand. Along with the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy, it formed the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 until 1939.
Sulu
Sulu ([sʊˈlu]), officially the Province of Sulu (Tausūg: Wilaya' sin Lupa' Sūg; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Sulu; Chavacano: Provincia de Sulu); is a province of the Philippines in the Sulu Archipelago and part of the Zamboanga Peninsula region.

It was part of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), until the Supreme Court of the Philippines on September 9, 2024, declared its inclusion to be unconstitutional because of the province's simple majority vote against it during the 2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite.

Its capital is Jolo on the island of the same name. Maimbung, the royal capital of the Sultanate of Sulu, is also located in the province. Sulu is along the southern border of the Sulu Sea and the northern boundary of the Celebes Sea.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
Salah Assad
Salah Assad (Arabic: صالح عصاد; born 13 March 1958) is an Algerian former football player and manager who played as a forward.

Assad was born in Larbaâ Nath Irathen. He played for RC Kouba, where he won an Algerian championship in 1981, and in France for FC Mulhouse. For the Algeria national team, he participated at the 1980, 1982, and 1986 African Cup of Nations, 1980 Summer Olympics, and at two edition of FIFA World Cup in 1982 and 1986, scored two goals.

Assad holds the record with Islam Slimani of most scored goals at the World Cup for Algeria, which were both scored in the 1982 World Cup. Slimani in 2014.

1980 African Cup of Nations
The 1980 African Cup of Nations was the 12th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by Nigeria. Just like in 1978, the field of eight teams was split into two groups of four. Nigeria won its first championship, beating Algeria in the final 3−0.
Herriot Row
Herriot Row is the musical moniker of New Zealand songwriter Simon Comber who has also recorded and performed under his own name. The moniker references the street Heriot Row in Dunedin, which in turn references Heriot Row in Dunedin's counterpart, Edinburgh in Scotland.

Comber performs both solo and with an Auckland-based band as Herriot Row. The band features musicians Stuart Harwood (drums) and David Flyger (bass). Comber's music mixes alternate guitar tunings, folk rock arrangements, analogue production techniques, psychedelic melodic strains, and a narrative lyrical focus. Influences include John Fahey, Neutral Milk Hotel, Television, Townes Van Zandt, Sonic Youth, Peter Jefferies, and Joni Mitchell. He has collaborated with acclaimed artists such as John Vanderslice, Edmund McWilliams, and Graeme Downes, and performed in New Zealand, Australia and America.

John Vanderslice
John Warren Vanderslice (born May 22, 1967) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, and recording engineer. He is the owner and founder of Tiny Telephone, an analog recording studio in San Francisco and Oakland, California.

Vanderslice has released nineteen full-length studio albums and five remix records and EPs on Dead Oceans and Barsuk Records. He has collaborated with musicians such as the Mountain Goats, St. Vincent, and Spoon.
José María Campo Serrano
José María Campo Serrano (8 September 1832 – 6 January 1915) was a Colombian lawyer, general, and statesman, who became President of Colombia after the resignation of the President and the dismissal of the Vice President. He sanctioned the Constitution of 1886 that created the Republic of Colombia proceeding the United States of Colombia. A Samarian Costeño, he became president of the Sovereign State of Magdalena, and Antioquia, Governor of Panama, and held various Ministries during his career as a politician.

Santa Marta
Santa Marta (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanta ˈmaɾta]), officially the Distrito Turístico, Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta (English: Historic, Cultural & Tourist District of Santa Marta), is a port city on the coast of the Caribbean Sea in northern Colombia. It is the capital of Magdalena Department and the fourth-largest urban city of the Caribbean Region of Colombia, after Barranquilla, Cartagena, and Soledad. Founded on July 29, 1525, by the Spanish conqueror Rodrigo de Bastidas, it was one of the first Spanish settlements in Colombia, its oldest surviving city, and second-oldest in South America. This city is situated on a bay by the same name and as such, it is a prime tourist destination in the Caribbean region.
Echinodontium ryvardenii
Echinodontium ryvardenii is a rare species of fungus in the family Echinodontiaceae, described in 1998 and named in honour of the mycologist Leif Ryvarden. The fungus produces woody, perennial fruit bodies with distinctive ashen-grey, teeth-like structures on its spore-bearing surface, and grows parasitically on ancient Juniperus phoenicea trees in Sardinia, Italy. As the first European representative of a genus previously known only from North America and Asia, E. ryvardenii is considered an evolutionary relict with fewer than 600 mature individuals remaining, earning it an endangered status on the IUCN Red List.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Syed Abdus Samad (footballer)
Syed Abdus Samad (Bengali: সৈয়দ আবদুস সামাদ; 6 December 1895 – 2 February 1965) was a football player from Bengal. Dubbed "Football Jadukor" (lit. 'Football Magician'), he played for India national football team in 1924 and captained it in 1926. He played as a forward. After the partition of India in 1947, Samad settled in Dinajpur in East Pakistan, where he spent the rest of his life.  He was recipient of the Pakistan Pride of Performance award in 1960.

Samad also played for Aryans Club, joining the team in 1915. His football career primarily lasted from 1915–1938.

Pride of Performance
The Pride of Performance (Urdu: تمغہِ حسنِ کارکردگی, romanized: tamġā-e husn-e kārkardgī), officially known as the Presidential Pride of Performance, is an award bestowed by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to recognize people with "notable achievements in the field of art, science, literature, sports, and nursing". It is considered one of the country's most prestigious awards in these fields conferred upon citizens and, in some cases, foreign nationals.
Slavko Dedić
Slavko Dedić is a Montenegrin chess player. He participated in dozens international tournaments, including the European Championship 2009. Dedić is a member of Chess club "Šahmatik" from Budva. In 2014, Slavko Dedić became a national chess referee.

European Individual Chess Championship
The European Individual Chess Championship is a chess tournament organised by the European Chess Union. It was established in 2000 and has since then taken place on a yearly basis.
Apart from determining the European champions (open and women's), another objective of this tournament is to determine a number of players who qualify for the FIDE World Cup and the FIDE Women's World Cup (formerly the knockout Women's World Championship).
Belmont Secondary School
Belmont Secondary School is a secondary school located in Langford, a western suburb of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It is one of three secondary schools in School District 62 Sooke.  It serves the suburban West Shore area of Colwood, Highlands, Langford, and Metchosin.  The school ranks as the largest Secondary School by student population on Vancouver Island.

School District 62 Sooke
Sooke School District 62 is a school district in British Columbia, Canada.  It includes the suburbs of Victoria known as the Western Communities (or Westshore) as well as the mostly rural areas around the sea-side villages of Sooke and Port Renfrew. The District's Victoria suburbs include the municipalities of Colwood, Highlands, Langford, and parts of Metchosin.

In addition to a full range of academic offerings, the District is also home to the Sooke International Student Program, one of the first international student programs in all of British Columbia. The Sooke International Program enrolls students from South America, Europe and Asia. These students represent under 1% of the District's total student population.
Luis Feito
Luis Feito López (13 October 1929 – 7 February 2021) was a Spanish painter. His work was influenced by cubism and informalism. Feito lived and worked in Madrid until his death from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Madrid in February 2021. Following his death, two days of mourning were declared by his local council.

Informalism
Informalism or Art Informel (French pronunciation: [aʁ ɛ̃fɔʁmɛl]) is a pictorial movement from the 1943–1950s, that includes all the abstract and gestural tendencies that developed in France and the rest of Europe during the World War II, similar to American abstract expressionism started 1946. Several distinguishing trends are identified within the movement such as lyrical abstraction, matter painting, New Paris School, tachisme and art brut. The French art critic Michel Tapié coined the term "art autre" (other art) in the homonymous book published in 1952 in relation to non-geometric abstract art. It was instrumental in improving the concept of abstract art in France during the early 1950s. Its use in the expression of political ideologies in South America during the early 1950s was quite common, as it was seen as the main way to show support for the changing political climate.
Tholing Monastery
Tholing Monastery (or Toling, mtho lding dgon pa མཐོ་ལྡིང་དགོན་པ) (Tuolin si 托林寺) is the oldest monastery (or gompa) in the Ngari Prefecture of western Tibet. It is situated in Tholing (Zanda), Zanda County, near the border with India. It was built in 997 AD by Yeshe-Ö, the second King of the Guge Kingdom. In Tibetan language 'Tholing' means "hovering in the sky forever" and is reflected by the location of the monastery at an elevation of 12,400 feet (3,800 m).  The complex includes three temples, the Yeshe-O Temple, the Lhakhang Karpo and the Dukhang. There are many ancient, precious, and well-preserved frescoes.

Zanda County
Zanda County or Tsamda County (Tibetan: རྩ་མདའ་རྫོང, Chinese: 札达县) is a county in the Ngari Prefecture to the extreme west of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Its seat of power is at Tholing, the former capital of the Guge kingdom. Zanda (Tsamda) was established in 1956 through a merger of Tsaparang and Daba counties.

Zanda County is bounded by India's Himachal Pradesh state to the west, Uttarakhand State to the south, Ladakh to the northwest, Gar County to the northeast and Burang County to the southeast. Ancient Zanda horse (Hipparion zandaense) skeletons have been found in Zanda County's Sutlej basin.
Ernakulam–Velankanni Express
The 16361/16362 Ernakulam Velankanni Express is a biweekly train service in the Southern Railway zone of India that runs between Ernakulam and Velankanni via Kottayam, Tiruvalla, Chengannur, Kayamkulam, Kollam Junction, Punalur, Tenkasi, Virudhunagar, Manamadurai, Karaikudi, Tiruturaipundi, and Thiruvarur. This train is helpful for pilgrims from Kerala to reach Velankanni Church and Nagore Dargah.

Karaikkudi Junction railway station
Karaikkudi Junction (station code: KKDI) is an NSG–4 category railway station located in south-eastern part of Karaikudi Municipal Corporation in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. 
It is the principle rail-head in the city that serves Karaikudi Metropolitan Area, falling under the jurisdiction of Madurai railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is the major junction of the Chettinad region and the surrounding areas of Sivaganga district. It is one of the 73 stations in Tamil Nadu to be named for upgradation under Amrit Bharat Station Scheme of Indian Railways. Along with this main junction, Karaikudi City has the following Suburban Stations around the city.