hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Principality of Mahmudi
The Principality of Mahmudi was a Kurdish-Yazidi hereditary polity that emerged in eastern Anatolia during the late medieval and early modern periods. Centered in the regions north and east of Lake Van (modern-day eastern Turkey), it was originally associated with the Yazidi tribal confederation of the Mahmudi and later divided into Sunni Muslim and Yazidi branches.

From the 15th to the 18th centuries, the principality played an important role in the Ottoman–Safavid frontier zone, exercising varying degrees of autonomy under Ottoman suzerainty. The Yazidi-ruled branch of the polity became known in contemporary sources and on European maps as "Ezdikhan" (Êzdîxan), while the Sunni branch governed from Hoşap castle. This principality ruled effectively in strategic areas such as Hakkari and Donboli. However, it collapsed in 1829 after a siege by Han Mahmud, Prıncıpalıty of Miks, and other Kurdish beys.

Khan Mahmud
Khan Mahmud was a 19th-century Kurdish lord. He was born in Müküs (now Van), and after his father Abdi Beg's death, he became Mir of the Kurdish Emirate of Miks.

In 1843 and 1846 he fought within an alliance with Bedir Khan Beg from Cizre and Nurullah Beg from Hakkari against the Christian Nestorians. The massacres caused by the alliance raised concerns around the foreign Christian missionaries and later were harshly criticized by diplomats from Europe and the United States. The Ottomans then tried to compel the alliance to surrender but the Ottomans were not persuasive enough. The Ottomans then fought the Kurdish alliance and Khan Mahmoud lost his post in 1846 and was exiled to Rousse (now a Bulgarian city). Khan Mahmud died in Rousse in 1866.
Grampians National Park
The Grampians National Park, commonly known as the Grampians, is a national park located in the Grampians region of Victoria, Australia. The Jardwadjali name for the mountain range itself is Gariwerd.

The 167,219-hectare (413,210-acre) national park is situated between Stawell and Horsham on the Western Highway and Dunkeld on the Glenelg Highway, 260 kilometres (160 mi) west of Melbourne and 460 kilometres (290 mi) east of Adelaide. Proclaimed as a national park on 1 July 1984, the park was listed on the National Heritage List on 15 December 2006 for its outstanding natural beauty and being one of the richest Aboriginal rock art sites in south-eastern Australia.

The Grampians feature a striking series of mountain ranges of sandstone. The Gariwerd area features about 90% of the rock art in the state.

National Heritage List (Australia)
The Australian National Heritage List or National Heritage List (NHL) is a heritage register, a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003. The list includes natural and historic places, including those of cultural significance to Indigenous Australians such as Aboriginal Australian sacred sites. Having been assessed against a set list of criteria, once a place is put on the National Heritage List, the provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) apply.

All places on this list can be found on the online Australian Heritage Database, along with other places on other Australian and world heritage listings.
5-MeO-DiBF
5-MeO-DiBF, also known as 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyl-3-(2-aminoethyl)benzofuran or as 1-oxa-5-MeO-DiPT, is a psychedelic drug of the benzofuran family related to the psychedelic tryptamine 5-MeO-DiPT. It is the analogue and bioisostere of 5-MeO-DiPT in which the indole nitrogen has been replaced with an oxygen atom, making it a benzofuran rather than tryptamine. The drug has been sold online as a novel designer drug starting in 2015.

Substituted benzofuran
The substituted benzofurans are a class of chemical compounds based on the heterocyclic and polycyclic compound benzofuran. Many medicines use the benzofuran core as a scaffold, but most commonly the term is used to refer to the simpler compounds in this class which include numerous psychoactive drugs, including stimulants, psychedelics and empathogens. In general, these compounds have a benzofuran core to which a 2-aminoethyl group is attached (at any position), and combined with a range of other substituents. Some psychoactive derivatives from this family have been sold under the name Benzofury.
Baron Dunfermline
Baron Dunfermline, of Dunfermline in the County of Fife, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 7 June 1839 for the Whig politician and former Speaker of the House of Commons, James Abercromby. He was the third son of Sir Ralph Abercromby and Mary Anne Abercromby, 1st Baroness Abercromby (see Baron Abercromby for earlier history of the family). The title became extinct on the death of his son, the second Baron, in 1868.

James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline
James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline FRSE PC (7 November 1776 – 17 April 1858), was a British barrister and Whig politician. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons between 1835 and 1839, the first Scottish MP to hold that position.
Intelligent flight control system
The Intelligent Flight Control System (IFCS) is a next-generation flight control system designed to provide increased safety for the crew and passengers of aircraft as well as to optimize the aircraft performance under normal conditions. The main benefit of this system is that it will allow a pilot to control an aircraft even under failure conditions that would normally cause it to crash. The IFCS is being developed under the direction of NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center with the collaboration of the NASA Ames Research Center, Boeing Phantom Works, the Institute for Scientific Research at West Virginia University, and the Georgia Institute of Technology.

Aircraft flight control system
A conventional fixed-wing aircraft flight control system consists of flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls, connecting linkages, and the necessary operating mechanisms to control an aircraft's direction in flight. Aircraft engine controls are also considered flight controls as they change speed.

The fundamentals of aircraft controls are explained in flight dynamics. This article centers on the operating mechanisms of the flight controls. The basic system in use on aircraft first appeared in a readily recognizable form as early as April 1908, on Louis Blériot's Blériot VIII pioneer-era monoplane design.
Arthur R. Mann
Arthur R. Mann FAIA (June 28, 1877 – July 7, 1968) was an English-born American architect and engineer in practice in Hutchinson, Kansas from 1909 until his retirement in 1965. In 1924 he formed the firm of Mann & Company, which remained under family ownership until 1977 and is still in business.

Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-member architects who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through design excellence, contributions in the field of architectural education, or to the advancement of the profession. In 2014, fewer than 3,200 of the more than 80,000 AIA members were fellows. Honorary Fellowship (Hon. FAIA) is awarded to foreign (non-U.S. citizen) architects, and to non-architects who have made substantial contributions to the field of architecture or to the institute.
Grand Rapids, Indiana and Mackinaw Railroad
The Grand Rapids, Indiana and Mackinaw Railroad was a railroad company in the United States. It was incorporated in 1881 to extend the main line of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad north from Little Traverse Bay to the Straits of Mackinac. The line opened in 1882. The company was consolidated with the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad in 1884. The line passed through the Pennsylvania Railroad to Penn Central and was subsequently abandoned in 1992.

Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad
The Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad at its height provided passenger and freight railroad services between Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Straits of Mackinac in Michigan, USA. The company was formed on January 18, 1854.
Arga-Yuryakh (Rassokha)
The Arga-Yuryakh (Russian: Арга-Юрях; Yakut: Арҕаа Үрэх, Arğaa Ürex) is a river in Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is a tributary of the Rassokha of the Alazeya basin. The river has a length of 312 kilometres (194 mi) and a drainage basin area of 5,600 square kilometres (2,200 sq mi).

The river flows north of the Arctic Circle, across desolate tundra territories of the East Siberian Lowland. Its basin falls within Srednekolymsky District. The name of the river comes from the Yakut "Arğaa-ürex" (Арҕаа-үрэх), meaning "western river".

Alazeya
The Alazeya (Russian: Алазея; Yakut: Алаһыай, romanized: Alahıay) is a river in the northeastern part of Yakutia, Russia which flows into the Arctic between the basins of the larger Indigirka to the west and the Kolyma to the east.

Mount Kisilyakh-Tas is a notable kigilyakh site on the right bank of the Alazeya River at 69°42′N 155°0′E﻿ / ﻿69.700°N 155.000°E﻿ / 69.700; 155.000.
S4 Shanghai–Jinshan Expressway
The Shanghai–Jinshan Expressway, commonly referred to as the Hujin Expressway (Chinese: 沪金高速公路; pinyin: Hùjīn Gāosù) and designated S4, is an expressway in the city of Shanghai, China. It runs generally in a north-south direction from the Xinzhuang Interchange, a large interchange with the Outer Ring Expressway, the G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway, the G92 Hangzhou Bay Ring Expressway, and Humin Elevated Road in Minhang District to Jinshan District, ending at an interchange with the G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway. The expressway is tolled south of the Zhuanqiao Service Area in Minhang District, between the exits to Yindu Road and the Shanghai–Jiaxing–Huzhou Expressway.

Before August 2009, the expressway was known as the A4 Expressway.

S20 Shanghai Outer Ring Expressway
The Shanghai Outer Ring Expressway (Chinese: 上海外环高速公路), designated S20, is a ring expressway that surrounds the inner districts of the city of Shanghai, China.

The different sections of the road formerly had specific names in relation to the cardinal directions. For instance, the eastern portion of the expressway was named 上海环东一大道 (Huandong Avenue (No. 1), literally Eastern Ring No. 1 Avenue), the western portion of the expressway was named 上海环西一大道 (Huanxi Avenue (No. 1), literally Western Ring No. 1 Avenue), and so on.

The S20 expressway crosses the Huangpu River twice. At the southern end, it uses the Xupu Bridge, and at the northern end, it uses the Outer Ring Tunnel.
SS Benjamin Noble
The SS Benjamin Noble was a lake freighter that operated on the Great Lakes.  Built in 1909 by the Detroit Shipbuilding Company, she was 239 feet (73 m) in length and had a beam of 40 feet (12 m).  She was built as a "canaller," a vessel designed for use in what were then the dimensions of the Welland Canal, but was converted by her owners for service in the open Great Lakes.  Heavily laden and top-heavy with a cargo of railroad rails, she sank in a Lake Superior storm near Knife River, Minnesota, in April 1914 with the loss of all hands.

After more than 90 years as a ghost ship, the hulk of the Benjamin Noble was rediscovered in the autumn of 2004. The wreck was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 as NRHP site #07000984.

Lake freighter
Lake freighters, or lakers, are bulk carriers operating on the Great Lakes of North America. These vessels are traditionally called boats, although classified as ships. Freighters typically have a long, narrow hull, a raised pilothouse, and the engine located at the rear of the ship.

Lakers have been used since the late 19th century to haul raw material from docks in the Great Lakes and St Lawrence Seaway regions to the industrial centers of Ontario, Quebec, and the American Midwest. The navigation season typically runs from late March through next mid-January due to the formation of ice on the lakes.

The largest lake freighters can travel up to 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) and can carry as much as 78,850 long tons (80,120 t) of bulk cargo.

SS Edmund Fitzgerald, which sank in 1975, became widely known as the largest  vessel to be wrecked on the Great Lakes.
Judges 5
Judges 5 is the fifth chapter of the Book of Judges in the Old Testament and the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition, the book was attributed to the Hebrew prophet Samuel, but modern scholars view it as part of the Deuteronomistic history, which spans the Book of Deuteronomy through the Books of Kings, attributed to nationalistic and devotedly Yahwistic writers during the time of the reformist Judean king Josiah in the 7th century BCE. This chapter records the activities of judge Deborah, belonging to a section comprising Judges 3:1 to 5:31.

Judges 3
Judges 3 is the third chapter of the Book of Judges in the Old Testament or the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, but modern scholars view it as part of the Deuteronomistic History, which spans the books of Deuteronomy to 2 Kings, attributed to nationalistic and devotedly Yahwistic writers during the time of the reformer Judean king Josiah in 7th century BCE. This chapter records the activities of the first three judges, Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar, belonging to a section comprising Judges 3:1 to 5:31.
1994 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1994 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 73rd staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. The championship began on 11 May 1994 and ended on 17 July 1994.

Clare entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Cork in the Munster final.

The All-Ireland final was played on 17 July 1994 at Fraher Field in Dungarvan, between Cork and Kilkenny, in what was their first meeting in the final in 78 years. Cork won the match by 2-13 to 2-11 to claim their 11th championship title overall and a first title since 1987.

Kilkenny's Ollie O'Connor was the championship's top scorer with 3-22.

All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was a hurling competition organized by the Gaelic Athletic Association in Ireland. The competition was originally contested by the second teams of the strong counties, and the first teams of the weaker counties. In the years from 1961 to 1973 and from 1997 until now, the strong counties have competed for the All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship instead. The competition was then restricted to the weaker counties. The competition was discontinued after 2004 as these counties now compete for the Nicky Rackard Cup instead.

From 1974 to 1982, the original format of the competition was abandoned, and the competition was incorporated in Division 3 of the National Hurling League. The original format, including the strong hurling counties was re-introduced in 1983.
Frank Reed (singer)
Frank Kevin "Tchallah" Reed (September 16, 1954 – February 26, 2014) was an American singer-songwriter. Reed was best known as the first replacement lead singer for the American vocal group The Chi-Lites. He replaced original lead singer and songwriter Eugene Record in 1988 after The Chi-Lites heyday.

Eugene Record
Eugene Booker Record (December 23, 1940 – July 22, 2005) was an American singer, songwriter, arranger, and record producer. He was best known as the lead vocalist of the Chicago-based vocal group The Chi-Lites. He had international hits with "Oh Girl," "Have You Seen Her," "Soulful Strut," and "(For God's Sake) Give More Power to the People". His writing contributions earned him a Grammy Award.
Los Chichos
Los Chichos is a Spanish band that was formed in the mid-1970s by singer-songwriter Juan Antonio Jiménez and brothers Julio and Emilio González. The band reached its peak popularity in the 1980s and restructured in 1990 when Jiménez began his solo career. Los Chichos has sold 15 million records, making it one of the best-selling Spanish groups in history. They performed the popular rumba flamenca in the vein of Los Chunguitos.

Los Chunguitos
Los Chunguitos are a Spanish Romani rumba flamenca group from Badajoz, Extremadura, formed in Vallecas, Madrid in 1973.

The group's nucleus was the three brothers Juan (1954), Manuel (1962), and José Salazar (1957), whose uncle was the flamenco singer Porrina de Badajoz. Their sisters, Toñi and Encarna, sang backup and would later go on to success on their own as Azúcar Moreno.

The name "Los Chunguitos" comes from the pastime of throwing small stones at trains. They began as street buskers, playing in Madrid. In 1977, they auditioned at the offices of record label EMI, and producer Raul Ros convinced the label to sign them. They became hitmakers both in their own country and across Europe with songs such as "Dame veneno". They also appeared in the soundtracks to films such as Deprisa, Deprisa, Perros callejeros, and Días contados.

The group plays rumba flamenca influenced by Romani music and Catalan rumba. Their lyrics often touch on poverty and misfortune.
Kwesi Amissah-Arthur
Paa Kwesi Bekoe Amissah-Arthur (born William Edmund Davidson Amissah-Arthur) (29 April 1951 – 29 June 2018) was a Ghanaian economist, academic and politician who was the sixth vice president of Ghana under President John Mahama from August 2012 until January 2017. Previously he was the 12th governor of the Bank of Ghana from 2009 to 2012.

He was nominated by President John Dramani Mahama to be the vice-president a week after Mahama himself was sworn in. This followed the sudden death of John Atta Mills on 24 July 2012. He was sworn in as vice-president on 6 August 2012, following vetting by the Parliament of Ghana.

John Atta Mills
John Evans Fiifi Atta Mills (21 July 1944 – 24 July 2012) was a Ghanaian politician and legal scholar who served as the 11th president of Ghana from 2009 until his death in 2012. He was inaugurated on 7 January 2009, having defeated the governing party candidate Nana Akufo-Addo in the 2008 Ghanaian presidential election. He was previously the third vice president from 1997 to 2001 under President Jerry Rawlings, and he contested unsuccessfully in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections as the candidate of the National Democratic Congress (NDC). He was the first Ghanaian head of state to die in office.
William L. Sharkey
William Lewis Sharkey (July 12, 1798 – March 30, 1873) was an American judge and politician from Mississippi. A staunch Unionist during the American Civil War, he opposed the 1861 declared secession of Mississippi from the United States. After the end of the war, President Andrew Johnson appointed Sharkey as provisional governor of Mississippi in 1865.

Governor of Mississippi
The governor of Mississippi is the head of government of Mississippi and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Mississippi Legislature, to convene the legislature at any time, and, except in cases of treason or impeachment, to grant pardons and reprieves.
Mumbai–Nagpur high-speed rail corridor
The Mumbai–Nagpur High-Speed Rail Corridor is a proposed high-speed rail line connecting Maharashtra's two major cities, Mumbai and Nagpur. It will be the second line which links Mumbai.

The route is set to be 742 km (461 mi) in length, running entirely within the state of Maharashtra. 68% route will run along the Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway. The cost of the project is expected to ₹1.7 lakh crore (US$20 billion).

Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway
The Mumbai-Nagpur Expressway, or Samruddhi Mahamarg (officially known as  Hindu Hrudaysamrat Balasaheb Thackeray Maharashtra Samruddhi Mahamarg) and Maharashtra Expressway-2 (ME-2), is an existing operational 6-lane wide (expandable to 8), 701-km long access-controlled expressway in the Maharashtra state of India, connecting the Maharashtra's two capital cities, Mumbai in the Marathwada region in the west and Nagpur in the Vidarbha region in the east. By reducing Nagpur-Mumbai travel time to 8 hours, the expressway has boosted the economic development by providing the enhanced connectivity.
Owenia (plant)
Owenia is a genus of plants, mainly trees in the family Meliaceae. They are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. They are endemic to Australia and fairly widespread across the continent. There are five species in the genus, living in conditions ranging from wet rainforest to the verges of the desert.

One species, Owenia cepiodora, is rare, and is renowned for having freshly cut bark that smells of onions. Its common name is onion cedar or bog onion.

The species recognised at the Australian Plant Census include

Owenia acidula

Owenia cepiodora

Owenia reliqua

Owenia reticulata

Owenia vernicosa

Owenia cepiodora
Owenia cepiodora is a medium to large Australian tree in the family Meliaceae. It occurs in the rainforests of north eastern New South Wales and adjacent areas in Queensland. The habitat is mostly the drier Hoop Pine rainforests along the state border. Only small regrowth trees remain, as it was heavily logged in earlier times. Its status is now considered vulnerable with a ROTAP rating of 2VCi.

Common names include onion cedar, onionwood and bog onion. The timber resembles the valuable Australian red cedar. Logs were soaked to remove the characteristic onion scent and sold as red cedar. The species name refers to the onion scent. It is found as far south as the Richmond River and as far north as Canungra, in the Gold Coast hinterland.
Mundargi
Mundaragi is a municipal town in Gadag district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Mundargi is close to two district headquarters, being 36 kilometres (22 mi) from Gadag and 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Koppal. It is 99 kilometers from Gajendragad. Mundargi is also the taluka headquarter of the same name. Pin code of Mundaragi is 582118.

The name 'Mundaragi' is said to have been derived from the stone hill, located to north-west of the town, called Murudagiri - meaning 'Hill of Lord Shiva'. The river Tungabhadra flows about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Mundargi and provides water for the town.

Gajendragad
Gajendragad (also called Gajendragada)  is a Town Municipal Council city in Gadag district, Karnataka, India, with population of 32,359 as of 2011 Census data. It has an average elevation of 643 metres (2109 feet). It is about 55 kilometers from the district headquarters Gadag,  110 kilometers from Hubli, 200 kilometers from Belgaum, and 450 kilometers from state capital Bangalore. The name Gajendragad is a combination of Elephant and a fort. Local people generally call it as Gada.  Gajendragad is a pilgrimage destination due to its Kalakaleshwara temple.
Core Gateway College
Core Gateway College, Inc., formerly Colleges of the Republic, is a community college in San Jose City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The college was founded by Dr. Anacleto E. Agaton in February 1948. The College was renamed Core Gateway College

San Jose, Nueva Ecija
San Jose, officially the City of San Jose (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Jose; Ilocano: Siudad ti San Jose; Pangasinan: Siyudad na San Jose), is a  component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 156,714 people, making it the second most populous city in Nueva Ecija after Cabanatuan, and a key urban center in the northern part of the province.
Riley Trophy
The Riley Trophy is an award given to the Atlantic Hockey America men's tournament champion. The trophy is named after long-time Army head coach Jack Riley and was created a little over a year after the legendary coach's death.

Atlantic Hockey America men's tournament
The Atlantic Hockey America men's tournament is the conference tournament for the Atlantic Hockey America. The winner of the tournament receives an automatic berth into the NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament.