hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tortit
Tortit (Hebrew: טורטית) is a popular Israeli chocolate bar produced by the Elite Confectionery Company in the confectionery division located in Nazareth Illit, Israel. The snack is made of a wafer coated with chocolate and contains rum-like almond cream. The bar is sold in a 40 gram green package. The snack is kosher and parve (made on a dairy production line that has been prepared for parve). Its popularity in Israel is explained by the fact that, being parve, it can also be eaten as a dessert after a meat meal, and since it has no milk or eggs it is vegan. Tortit bears similarity in taste and packing to the Polish Grześki.

As of 2017 the Tortit brand held a 6.7% of the Israeli candy bar market, second to Taami with 9.4%.

Strauss Group
Strauss Group Ltd.  (Hebrew: שטראוס גרופ בע״מ), formerly known as Strauss-Elite (שטראוס עלית), is an Israeli manufacturer and marketer of consumer foods sold through retail stores. It is among the largest food manufacturers in Israel. Strauss Group focuses on dairy products, coffee, water, snacks, salads, and dips. Its subsidiary Strauss Coffee is a coffee company in Eastern Europe and Brazil. Strauss Group is a public company traded in the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, with the majority of its shares (57%) owned by the Strauss family.

Strauss Group has 15,000 employees worldwide and is active in more than 20 countries.
Flying Duchess
Flying Duchess, also known as No. 7745 and MEA No. 2, is a steam locomotive, built from 1951 to 1952 by Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns (RSH) in North East England. The locomotive originally worked at the Meaford Power Station, numbered MEA No. 2, until 1970. In 1971, the locomotive was moved to the United States, and received the name Flying Duchess. Throughout the 1970s, the locomotive ran on heritage railroads, such as the Boyne City Railroad (BCRR) in Boyne City, Michigan, and the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum (TVRM) in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Since 2011, it has been on static display at the La Grange Railroad Museum in La Grange, Kentucky.

Boyne City, Michigan
Boyne City (/bɔɪn/) is a city in Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,816 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Charlevoix County. Boyne City is located at the eastern end of Lake Charlevoix, Michigan's third largest inland lake. The city is also the site of the mouth of the Boyne River, named for the River Boyne in Leinster, Ireland.
Hajr
Hajr (Arabic: حَجْر, romanized: Ḥajr), also known as Hajr al-Yamamah (Arabic: حَجْر اليَمامَة, romanized: Ḥajr al-Yamāmah) or Khadra Hajr, was an ancient city founded by the Hanifites that roughly emerged in 5th century pre-Islamic Arabia and existed until 16th century in modern-day Riyadh in the Najd region of present-day Saudi Arabia.

Hajr was the seat of the historical al-Yamama region until 866 AD when the Ukhaydhirites seceded the area from the control of the Abbasids and shifted their capital to al-Kharj. Consequently, Hajr underwent severe economic and political decline due to prolonged droughts besides simultaneously being gripped in feudalistic conflicts with its neighbors such as Diriyah and Manfuhah. Hajr subsequently witnessed gradual fragmentation and disintegration and eventually got succeeded by various rival towns such as Migrin (or Miqrin) and Miʼkal by the end of 16th century, though the name Hajr continued to appear in local folk poetry.

Banu Ukhaidhir
The Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir (Arabic: بنو الأخيضر, romanized: Banū ʾl-Ukhayḍir), informally as Ukhaydhirites, was an Arab dynasty that ruled in al-Yamama (central Arabia) from 867 to at least the mid-eleventh century.  An Alid dynasty, they were descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and his grandson Al-Hasan, and at least one contemporary traveler describes them as having been Shi'ites of the Zaydi persuasion. Their capital was known as al-Khidhrimah, which lay near the present-day city of Al-Kharj in Saudi Arabia.
David Eppstein
David Arthur Eppstein is an American computer scientist and mathematician. He is a distinguished professor of computer science at the University of California, Irvine. He is known for his work in computational geometry, graph algorithms, and recreational mathematics. In 2011, he was named an ACM Fellow. Eppstein is also a Wikipedia editor.

Zvi Galil
Zvi Galil (Hebrew: צבי גליל; born June 26, 1947) is an Israeli-American computer scientist. He has served as the dean of the Columbia University School of Engineering and as president of Tel Aviv University from 2007 through 2009. From 2010 to 2019, he was the dean of the Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing.

His research interests include the design and analysis of algorithms, computational complexity and cryptography. He has been credited with coining the terms stringology and sparsification.
Karol Gwóźdź
Karol Gwóźdź (Polish: [ˈkarɔl ɡvuɕt͡ɕ] ⓘ; born 2 April 1987 in Katowice) is a Silesian poet, writer, graphic designer, photographer, DJ, musician and producer of ambient and electronic music, also known as Nail (gwóźdź is Polish for nail). Promoter of Silesianness and Upper Silesian symbolism.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Jesse Robredo
Jesus "Jesse" Manalastas Robredo QSC CCLH (Tagalog: [ˈdʒɛsi ɾɔˈbɾɛdɔ]; Chinese: 林炳智; pinyin: Lín Bǐngzhì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Péng-tì; May 27, 1958 – August 18, 2012) was a Filipino politician who served as 23rd Secretary of the Interior and Local Government in the administration of President Benigno Aquino III from 2010 until his death in 2012. Robredo was a member of the Liberal Party.

Beginning in 1988, Robredo served six terms as Mayor of Naga in Camarines Sur. In recognition of his achievements as Naga mayor, Robredo was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Government Service in 2000, the first Filipino mayor so honored. He was appointed to the Cabinet of President Aquino in July 2010.

Robredo died on August 18, 2012, when the light aircraft he was traveling in crashed off the coast of Masbate after suffering an engine failure.

Ramon Magsaysay Award
The Ramon Magsaysay Award (Filipino: Gawad Ramon Magsaysay) is an annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society. The prize was established in April 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City with the concurrence of the Philippine government. It is often called the "Nobel Prize of Asia".
Clark Harris
Clark Harris (born July 10, 1984) is an American former professional football player who was a long snapper in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights and was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the seventh round of the 2007 NFL draft.  Harris was also a member of the Detroit Lions and Houston Texans before signing with the Cincinnati Bengals, where he played for 14 seasons.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights football
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights football program represents Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Rutgers competes as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Prior to joining the Big Ten, the Scarlet Knights were a member of the American Athletic Conference (formerly the Big East Conference) from 1991 to 2013. Rutgers plays its home games at SHI Stadium, in Piscataway, New Jersey. The team is currently led by head coach Greg Schiano. The Scarlet Knights football team is also notable for playing in the first college football game in 1869, in which the Scarlet Knights won by the score 6–4.
Ricadi
Ricadi (Ancient Greek: Ρηγάδιον, romanized: Rigádion) is a small rural town, as well as a municipality, located along the Tyrrhenian coast, in the province of Vibo Valentia, in the Italian region of Calabria.

Tyrrhenian Sea
The Tyrrhenian Sea (/tɪˈriːniən, -ˈreɪ-/, tih-REE-nee-ən ,-RAY-; Italian: Mar Tirreno [mar tirˈrɛːno] or [-ˈreː-]) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. Its namesake is from the Tyrrhenian people, identified with the Etruscans of Italy.
Harish-Chandra isomorphism
In mathematics, the Harish-Chandra isomorphism, introduced by Harish-Chandra (1951),
is an isomorphism of commutative rings constructed in the theory of Lie algebras. The isomorphism maps the center  of the universal enveloping algebra  of a reductive Lie algebra  to the elements  of the symmetric algebra  of a Cartan subalgebra  that are invariant under the Weyl group .

Reductive Lie algebra
In mathematics, a Lie algebra is reductive if its adjoint representation is completely reducible, hence the name. More concretely, a Lie algebra is reductive if it is a direct sum of a semisimple Lie algebra and an abelian Lie algebra:  there are alternative characterizations, given below.
John Woods (baseball)
John Fulton Woods (January 18, 1898 – October 4, 1946) was a professional baseball pitcher and police officer.  He appeared in one game in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox during the 1924 season.  Listed at 6 feet 0 inches (1.83 m), 175 lb (79 kg). During his career, Woods batted and threw right-handed.

Born in Princeton, West Virginia, Woods played college baseball at West Virginia University for the Mountaineers. After briefly attending law school, he was signed by the Red Sox and pitched one inning in his only MLB game, an 8–4 loss to the Chicago White Sox on September 16, 1924. He gave up no runs but walked three batters. Woods then played minor league baseball before joining the Norfolk Police Department in 1929. He became the chief of the department in 1939, serving in that capacity for the rest of his life until he was killed while responding to an auto accident in 1946.

Chief of police
A chief of police (COP) is an appointed official or an elected one in the chain of command of a police department, particularly in North America. A chief of police may also be known as a police chief or sometimes just a chief, while some countries favour other titles such as commissioner or chief constable. A police chief is appointed by and answerable to a state or local government.
Otto Beaujon
Otto Rudolf Anthony Beaujon (6 November 1915 – 12 November 1984) was a civil servant and politician of the Netherlands Antilles. Beaujon served as Speaker of the Estates of the Netherlands Antilles between 1966 and 1968, and Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles from 1 June 1971 until 15 November 1972.

Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles
Below is a list of prime ministers of the Netherlands Antilles from 1951 to 2010. In 2010 the position of Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles was abolished, together with the dissolution of the country itself.
Hakim Pur, Doaba Region
Hakimpur is a village ("Pind" in Punjabi) 22 km from the city of Phagwara within the Doaba region of Punjab in India. This village is in the Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district (Formerly Nawanshahr District), close to the boundary of Jalandhar district. The closest towns are Mukandpur, and Apra. The City of Banga, India is about 10 km from the village. The Brahmin clan of Korpals (sometimes Corpal), Jatt clan of Purewal and Sanger clan of Kumhar (sometimes written as "Ghumar") reside in this village. A large Gurudwara (Sikh Temple) is present as you enter Hakimpur, with a Mandir (Hindu Temple) also present in the village.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district is one of twenty-three districts of state of Punjab, India. It is located in Doaba region. It consists of three subdivisions, Nawanshahr, Banga, and Balachaur.
There are three legislative seats in the district, Nawanshahr, Balachaur and Banga. They fall under the Anandpur Sahib Lok Sabha Constituency. Nawanshahr, the district headquarters is about 92 kilometres (57 mi) from Chandigarh, the state's capital.

As of 2011, it is the third least populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Barnala and Fatehgarh Sahib.
Comfort Women and Sex in the Battle Zone
Comfort Women and Sex in the Battle Zone is a historical publication by Japanese historian Ikuhiko Hata who is widely regarded as being a "conservative" historian or a "centrist" on Japanese history. He has written extensively on such controversial subjects as the Nanjing Massacre and the comfort women. The book was first published in English by Hamilton Books in 2018. The book is a revised and updated translation of Hata's influential 1999 Japanese-language study, offering a comprehensive examination of the "comfort women" system established by the Japanese military before and during World War II.

Ikuhiko Hata
Ikuhiko Hata (秦 郁彦, Hata Ikuhiko; born 12 December 1932) is a Japanese historian. He earned his PhD at the University of Tokyo and has taught history at several universities. He is the author of a number of influential and well-received scholarly works, particularly on topics related to Japan's role in the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.

He has written extensively on such controversial subjects as the Nanjing Massacre and the comfort women. He does not believe that comfort women were coerced by the Japanese military to work. Fellow historian Edward Drea has called him "the doyen of Japanese military historians". Hata is variously regarded as being a "conservative" historian or a "centrist".
Nipponoparmelia ricasolioides
Nipponoparmelia ricasolioides is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described in 1887 by William Nylander from specimens collected on tree trunks in Yunnan, China, at about 3,000 metres elevation. The lichen is characterised by its greyish, leafy thallus with short, crowded lobes, numerous reddish apothecia with inrolled margins, and a black lower surface densely covered with rhizines. It grows on bark in montane temperate forests of the eastern Himalayas, including Bhutan, Nepal, and parts of India and China.

Rhizine
In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures arising mainly from the lower surface. A lichen with rhizines is termed rhizinate, while a lichen lacking rhizines is termed erhizinate. Rhizines serve only to anchor the lichen to their substrate; they do not absorb nutrients, as plant roots do. Characteristics of the rhizines are used to identify lichens, for example, whether they are dense or sparse, uniformly distributed or clumped in specific areas, and straight or branched. Only foliose lichens may possess rhizines, not crustose or fruticose lichens, which lack a lower cortex.

Rhizohyphae are a type of attachment structure on some lichens. Rhizohyphae are more slender than rhizines and are one cell thick in diameter. Rhizohyphae often occur as a felt-like hyphal mass.
Tin(II) chloride
Tin(II) chloride, also known as stannous chloride, is a white crystalline solid with the formula SnCl2. It forms a stable dihydrate, but aqueous solutions tend to undergo hydrolysis, particularly if hot. SnCl2 is widely used as a reducing agent (in acid solution), and in electrolytic baths for tin-plating. Tin(II) chloride should not be confused with the other chloride of tin; tin(IV) chloride or stannic chloride (SnCl4).

Electrolysis
In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially important as a stage in the separation of elements from naturally occurring sources such as ores using an electrolytic cell. The voltage that is needed for electrolysis to occur is called the decomposition potential. The word "lysis" means to separate or break, so in terms, electrolysis would mean "breakdown via electricity."
Robertson's Colony
Robertson's Colony  was an empresario colonization effort during the Mexican Texas period. It is named after Sterling C. Robertson, but had previously been known by other names.  It has also been referred to as the Nashville Colony, after the Tennessee city where the effort originated, the Texas Association, the Upper Colony, and Leftwich's Grant, named after early colonizer Robert Leftwich. The eventual contract spread over an area that includes all or part of thirty present-day counties in Texas.

Empresario
An empresario (Spanish pronunciation: [em.pɾe.ˈsaɾ.jo]) was a person who had been granted the right to settle on land in exchange for recruiting and taking responsibility for settling the eastern areas of Coahuila y Tejas in the early nineteenth century.

Since empresarios attracted immigrants mostly from the Southern United States, they encouraged the spread of slavery into Texas. Although Mexico banned slavery in 1829, the settlers in Texas revolted in 1835 and continued to develop the economy, dominated by slavery, in the eastern part of the territory.
Alpha solenoid
An alpha solenoid (sometimes also known as an alpha horseshoe or as stacked pairs of alpha helices, abbreviated SPAH) is a protein fold composed of repeating alpha helix subunits, commonly helix-turn-helix motifs, arranged in antiparallel fashion to form a superhelix. Alpha solenoids are known for their flexibility and plasticity. Like beta propellers, alpha solenoids are a form of solenoid protein domain commonly found in the proteins comprising the nuclear pore complex. They are also common in membrane coat proteins known as coatomers, such as clathrin, and in regulatory proteins that form extensive protein-protein interactions with their binding partners. Examples of alpha solenoid structures binding RNA and lipids have also been described.

Protein tandem repeats
An array of protein tandem repeats is defined as several (at least two) adjacent copies having the same or similar sequence motifs. These periodic sequences are generated by internal duplications in both coding and non-coding genomic sequences. Repetitive units of protein tandem repeats are considerably diverse, ranging from the repetition of a single amino acid to domains of 100 or more residues.
Pierre Morpain
Pierre Morpain (c. 1686 - 20 August 1749) was a French ship's captain, privateer, and naval officer.  Active in the waters of the West Indies, Morpain is best known for a highly successful privateering career along the coast of Acadia (and later Nova Scotia) during Queen Anne's War and King George's War.  He notably made a providential arrival, with supply-laden prizes in tow, at the Acadian capital, Port Royal, not long after the first 1707 siege.  In his later years he participated as a military commander in the defence of Fortress Louisbourg during the 1745 siege.

Queen Anne's War
Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the second in a series of French and Indian Wars fought in North America involving the colonial empires of Great Britain, France, and Spain; it took place during the reign of Anne, Queen of Great Britain. In the United States, it is regarded as a standalone conflict under this name. Elsewhere it is usually viewed as the American theater of the War of the Spanish Succession. It is also known as the Third Indian War. In France it was known as the Second Intercolonial War.
Castletown-Kilpatrick
Castletown-Kilpatrick, also known as Castletown KP or Castletown (Irish: Baile an Chaisleáin), is a townland and village in County Meath in Ireland. It falls in the Meath East constituency. The Boyne Valley to Lakelands greenway passes through on the disused Navan and Kingscourt Railway line.

The village lies south of the N52 and east of the R162 regional road, between Kells and Ardee, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Nobber.

Midland Great Western Railway
The Midland Great Western Railway (MGWR) was the third largest Irish gauge (1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)) railway company in Ireland. It was incorporated in 1845 and absorbed into the Great Southern Railways in 1924. At its peak the MGWR had a network of 538 miles (866 km), making it Ireland's third largest network after the Great Southern and Western Railway (GS&WR) and the Great Northern Railway of Ireland.

The MGWR served part of Leinster, County Cavan in Ulster and much of Connacht. Its network was entirely within what in 1922 became the Irish Free State.
Songül Mutluer
Songül Mutluer (born 11 December 1979) is a Dutch politician, serving as a member of the House of Representatives since 2022. She is a member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and has served as a Zaanstad municipal council member and alderwoman for fifteen years before. Having studied law, Mutluer has also worked as a legal professional and taught law at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

Municipal executive
In the Netherlands, the municipal executive (Dutch: college van burgemeester en wethouders, oftentimes abbreviated to college van B en W; lit. 'college of mayor and aldermen') is the executive board of a municipality. It plays a central role in municipal politics in the Netherlands, similar to the communal college in Belgium. It consists of the mayor and the members of the municipal executive (aldermen).
Four Buddhist Persecutions in China
The Four Buddhist Persecutions in China (Chinese: 三武一宗法難) were the wholesale suppression of Buddhism carried out on four occasions from the 5th through the 10th century by four Chinese emperors: Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou dynasty, Emperor Wuzong of the Tang dynasty, and Emperor Shizong of the Later Zhou dynasty. The first three events are collectively known as the Three Disasters of Wu (Chinese: 三武之禍; pinyin: sān wǔ zhī huò); they were named as such because the posthumous names or temple names of all three emperors who carried out the persecutions included the character Wu (武).

Chai Rong
Chai Rong (Chinese: 柴榮) (27 October 921 – 27 July 959), later known as Guo Rong (郭榮), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou, was the second emperor of the Later Zhou dynasty of China, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He reigned from 954 until his death in 959. He succeeded his uncle-in-law Guo Wei (Emperor Taizu), whose surname he had adopted.

Emperor Shizong is considered a highly successful emperor of the Five Dynasties period. He centralized military power by his reforms, and proved his military prowess by a series of victories against Northern Han, Later Shu, Southern Tang, and the Liao dynasty. Although his accomplishments were limited due to his premature death, they paved the way for the eventual unification of large parts of China proper by the Northern Song, founded by his trusted generals Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Guangyi.
Jaljala Rural Municipality
Jaljala (Nepali: जलजला गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality in Parbat District of Gandaki Province, of Nepal. It was mapped by merging the pre-existing rural development committees of Parbat District including Baskharka, Mallaj Majhphant, Lekhphant, Dhairing, Nagliwang, Banau and Salija.

The total population of this rural municipality is 21,454. Its area is 82.26 km square. The main office is located at the pre-existing head office of Mallaj Majhphant. The rural municipality is divided into 9 wards. The neighboring local authorities includes Modi rural municipality in the east, Myagdi and Parbat districts in the west, Myagdi District in the north and Kusma municipality and Baglung District in the south.

Mallaj Majhphant
Mallaj is situated at Majhphant VDC of western Nepal. It has high potential for tourism. Here the resort the name of Heritage of Mallaj. It is famous for pathway from Beni to Mallaj, way of Nangi, Banskharka, Dhairing, and Salija.

Mallaj has many historical places such as Purnagaun Baraha Mandir, Siwalaya Mandir, Gufa Mandir. It is touched VDC with Banskharka VDC which is famous for orange farms.