hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duisburg-Hochfeld Railway Bridge
The Duisburg–Hochfeld railway bridge (German: Duisburg-Hochfelder Eisenbahnbrücke) spans the Rhine in the German city of Duisburg on the Duisburg-Ruhrort–Mönchengladbach line. The first bridge was built by the Rhenish Railway Company and put into operation at the end of 1873. It was replaced by a new bridge in 1927, which was badly damaged during the Second World War, but rebuilt and is still serves rail traffic between the Ruhr region and Aachen.

Duisburg-Ruhrort–Mönchengladbach railway
The Duisburg-Ruhrort–Mönchengladbach railway is a historically significant, but now partly abandoned line in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The line was built by the Ruhrort-Crefeld District Gladbach Railway Company (German: Ruhrort–Crefeld−Kreis Gladbach Eisenbahngesellschaft, RCG), founded in 1847, and is one of the oldest lines in Germany, opened in 1849 and 1851.

The greater part of the route, along with the western section of the Ruhr line of the Rhenish Railway Company (Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, RhE), forms the Duisburg–Mönchengladbach line, one of the main line in Germany’s lower Rhine region, connecting the stations of Duisburg and Mönchengladbach.
Lux, Mississippi
Lux, also known as Bryant or Wheelerville, is an unincorporated community in Covington County, Mississippi, United States. Lux is located on the former Gulf and Ship Island Railroad and was once home to a lumber mill. Lux was also formerly home to a school.

Covington County, Mississippi
Covington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,340. Its county seat is Collins. The county is named for U.S. Army officer and Congressman Leonard Covington.
Steven Yates
Steven Yates (born 26 July 1983) is a New Zealand rugby union player who played for the New Zealand Sevens team, Canterbury NPC team and the Japanese club Toyota Verblitz.

On the 27th of June 2019, Yates was arrested at his home in Nagoya under suspicion of cocaine possession.

Toyota Verblitz
Toyota Verblitz (Japanese: トヨタ自動車ヴェルブリッツ), often known as Toyota Verdy, is a professional Japanese rugby union team that compete in the Japan Rugby League One (JRLO) competition. The team was established in 1941 as the Toyota Motor Corporation Rugby Club. The team was rebranded into its current name in 2004 before their inclusion into the 2004–05 Top League season.

The team name: Verblitz is a portmanteau of the Spanish, Italian and Portuguese language word for green, verde, and the German language word for lightning, blitz.
New Kuomintang Alliance
The New Kuomintang Alliance was a faction of the political party Kuomintang (KMT) in the Republic of China (Taiwan). The faction became formally formed in 1990 after the electoral success of KMT candidates running on an anti-corruption platform in the previous year. the faction was composed of mainly younger and second-generation mainlanders. It was in favor of intraparty reform. It accused President Lee Teng-hui of autocratic tendencies, and complained that the KMT was too corrupt.

In August 1993, days before the 14th National Congress of Kuomintang, the New KMT Alliance broke away to form the Chinese New Party. This move was propelled by the resignation of Premier Hau Pei-tsun, who had been viewed by members of New KMT Alliance members as a counterbalance to Lee's power.

Hau Pei-tsun
Hau Pei-tsun (Chinese: 郝柏村; pinyin: Hǎo Bócūn, 8 August 1919 – 30 March 2020) was a Chinese general and politician who served as the premier of the Republic of China from 1990 to 1993. He was previously the chief of the General Staff of the Republic of China Armed Forces from 1981 to 1989.

On 6 July 2017, Hau attended an academic meeting in Nanjing about the history of the Second Sino-Japanese War, making him the first former ROC premier to visit mainland China since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949. He died in March 2020 at age 100.
Olathe West High School
Olathe West High School is a public high school located in Olathe, Kansas, United States, serving students in grades 9–12. The school is one of five high schools in the Olathe USD 233 school district. The school colors are royal blue, silver, and navy, and the school mascot is the Owl.

Olathe, Kansas
Olathe (/oʊˈleɪθə/ oh-LAY-thə) is a city in and the county seat of Johnson County, Kansas, United States.  It is the fourth-most populous city in both the Kansas City metropolitan area and the state of Kansas, with a 2020 population of 141,290.
Debye–Hückel theory
The Debye–Hückel theory was proposed by Peter Debye and Erich Hückel as a theoretical explanation for departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas. 
It is a linearized Poisson–Boltzmann model, which assumes an extremely simplified model of electrolyte solution but nevertheless gave accurate predictions of mean activity coefficients for ions in dilute solution. The Debye–Hückel equation provides a starting point for modern treatments of non-ideality of electrolyte solutions.

Bjerrum length
The Bjerrum length (after Danish chemist Niels Bjerrum 1879–1958 ) is the separation at which the electrostatic interaction between two  elementary charges is comparable in magnitude to the thermal energy scale, , where  is the Boltzmann constant and  is the absolute temperature in kelvins.  This length scale arises naturally in discussions of electrostatic, electrodynamic and electrokinetic phenomena in electrolytes, polyelectrolytes and colloidal dispersions.

In standard units, the Bjerrum length is given by

where  is the elementary charge,  is the relative dielectric constant of the medium and  is the vacuum permittivity.
For water at room temperature (), , so that
.

In Gaussian units,  and the Bjerrum length has the simpler form

The relative permittivity εr of water decreases so strongly with temperature that the product (εr·T) decreases. Therefore, in spite of the (1/T) relation, the Bjerrum length λB increases with temperature, as shown in the graph above.
The Minister of Chance
The Minister of Chance is a fantasy multi-media series created by Dan Freeman and Radio Static. It is a spin-off of the Doctor Who webcast Death Comes to Time, where the titular character first appeared, portrayed by Stephen Fry. Stars of the audio drama series included Sylvester McCoy, Paul McGann and Jenny Agutter.

In 2014 a live action short was filmed based on The Prologue of the audio series, starring Paul McGann and Tim McInnerny, was released. It was funded by the series' international fanbase. Soon after the release, a Kickstarter campaign began in the hope of securing funding for episode one of a Minister of Chance movie. Crowdfunding for the movie was unsuccessful, with only half of the required funds being pledged.

The audio series was remastered in late 2020 and released as a series of 10 minute episodes.

A novel of the series written by Freeman was announced in 2022 by American publisher Arcbeatle Press and released in the same year.

Death Comes to Time
Death Comes to Time is a webcast audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who, produced by the BBC and first broadcast in five episodes on the BBCi Cult website from 12 July 2001, accompanied by limited animation.

It was the BBC's first new Doctor Who broadcast since the 1996 film.
Michael Kraft
Michael Willi Kraft (born 23 April 1966) is a German former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played for 1. FC Köln, FC Gütersloh and FC Carl Zeiss Jena in Germany and Bakırköyspor in the Süper Lig and is formerly the goalkeeping coach of Fenerbahçe.

Bakırköyspor
Bakırköyspor is a Turkish sports club from Bakırköy, Istanbul. The club was founded in 1949. The colours of Bakırköyspor are green-black. Bakırköyspor played in the Turkish Super League for 3 years, but after several unsuccessful seasons, Bakırköyspor was relegated to the amateur league in the 2006–07 season. Now Bakırköyspor plays in the Istanbul Super Amateur League, five levels below the Süper Lig. The club finished 8th in the 4th group in 2014-15 and 3rd in the 2nd group in 2015–16 seasons.

The home of the Bakırköyspor is Şenlikköy Stadium, which has a capacity of 8000 people. Colors of the club are green and black, which are accepted as traditional colors of the Bakırköy neighborhood.
Swaythling railway station
Swaythling railway station is on the South West Main Line on the northern edge of Southampton in Hampshire, England, serving the area of Swaythling. It is 75 miles 56 chains (121.8 km) down the line from London Waterloo.

Swaythling
Swaythling is a suburb and electoral ward of the city of Southampton in Hampshire, England.  The ward has a population of 13,664.

Swaythling is predominantly residential in character, and noted for its large student population due to its proximity to the University of Southampton main campus at Highfield. The university's Wessex Lane Halls and City Gateway housing facilities are located within the district.

Swaythling during World War I was the location of the Swaythling Remount Depot and prior to its closure in 2013, the Ford Motor Company Southampton Assembly Plant.
Black Bottom (dance)
The Black Bottom is a dance which became popular during the 1920s amid the Jazz Age. It was danced solo or by couples. Originating among African Americans in the rural South, the black bottom eventually spread to mainstream American culture and became a national craze in the 1920s. The dance was most famously performed by Ann Pennington, a star of the Ziegfeld Follies, who performed it in a Broadway revue staged by Ziegfeld's rival George White in 1926.

George White (producer)
George White (March 12, 1892 – November 11, 1968) was an American theatrical and film producer and director who also was an actor, choreographer, composer, dancer, dramatist, lyricist and screenwriter, as well as a Broadway theater owner.
Cross Village, Michigan
Cross Village is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Emmet County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 93.  It is located within Cross Village Township on the shores of Lake Michigan. Cross village had been established by the Natives in the area. The cross was a symbol of the sacred fire. Some of the religious First Nations were sent over to Europe to further practice christianity.

Emmet County, Michigan
Emmet County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 34,112, making it the second-most populous county in Northern Michigan (behind Grand Traverse County). The county seat is Petoskey, which is also the county's largest city.

Emmet County is located at the top of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, bounded on the west by Lake Michigan and on the north by the Straits of Mackinac. Its rural areas are habitat for several endangered species. Long a center of occupation by the Odawa people, today the county is the base for the federally recognized Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians.
Montescudo-Monte Colombo
Montescudo-Monte Colombo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rimini in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna.

It was established on 1 January 2016 by the merger of the municipalities of Montescudo and Monte Colombo.

Province of Rimini
The province of Rimini (Italian: provincia di Rimini) is the southernmost province of the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Rimini, one of the "seven sisters" of the historical region of Romagna.

The province borders the Adriatic Sea to its northeast, the province of Forlì-Cesena to its northwest, the province of Pesaro and Urbino, in the Marche region, to its south and southeast, the independent Republic of San Marino to its south, and the province of Arezzo in Tuscany to its southwest.

The province consists of 27 comuni (sg.: comune), centred on the valleys of the Marecchia and Conca rivers. Since the transfer of nine comuni (municipalities) from Pesaro and Urbino in 2009 and 2021, the province of Rimini includes most of the historical region of Montefeltro.
Pięczkowo
Pięczkowo [pjɛnt͡ʂˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzykosy, within Środa County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

The village has an approximate population of 1,250.

Gmina Krzykosy
Gmina Krzykosy is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Środa County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Krzykosy, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Środa Wielkopolska and 45 km (28 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 110.46 square kilometres (42.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,500.
Chris Russell
Christopher James Russell (born 16 February 1989) is an English cricketer.  Russell is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast.  He was born in Newport on the Isle of Wight.

Having played for the Worcestershire Second XI since 2008, Russell made his full debut for Worcestershire in a List A match against the Unicorns in the 2010 Clydesdale Bank 40, claiming his maiden List A wicket when he dismissed Chris Murtagh.  He made a further appearance in that competition against Surrey.  Russell didn't feature for Worcestershire in the 2011 season. A notable appearance in the 2012 season saw Russell gain match figures of 6–72 in a drawn two-day tour match against South Africa - only days after England had only managed to take two wickets in a five-day test match.

Newport, Isle of Wight
Newport is the county town of the Isle of Wight, an island county off the south coast of England. The town is slightly north of the centre of the island, located in the civil parish of Newport and Carisbrooke. It has a quay at the head of the navigable section of the River Medina, which flows northwards to Cowes and the Solent. The 2021 census recorded a population of 25,407.
Citadis 100
The Citadis 100 are two series of low-floor trams from the Citadis family, produced at Konstal's plant in Chorzów from 1999 to 2001. A total of 21 units were built, currently operated in Gdańsk (4 units) and the Silesian Interurbans (17 units).

Low-floor tram
A low-floor tram is a tram that has no steps between one or more entrances and part or all of the passenger cabin. The low-floor design improves the accessibility of the tram for the public, and also may provide larger windows and more airspace.

An accessible platform-level floor in a tram can be achieved either by using a high-floor vehicle serving high-platform tram stops, or with a true low-floor vehicle interfacing with curb level stops.

Currently both types are in use, depending on the station platform infrastructure in existing rail systems. Some systems may make use of former railway alignments where use of existing high platforms is desirable, while others, particularly new systems, may not have the space to site high-level stops in urban centres.
Jaiquawn Jarrett
Jaiquawn Jarrett (born September 21, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Temple Owls and was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the second round of the 2011 NFL draft.

Temple Owls football
The Temple Owls football team represents Temple University in the sport of college football. The Temple Owls compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision as a member of the American Conference. They play their home games at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia.

The Owls were a football-only member of the Big East Conference from 1991 until 2004. Temple was expelled from the league due to a lack of commitment to the football program from university officials. Temple played the 2005 and 2006 seasons as an independent before playing in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) from 2007 to 2011.

In March 2012, the Owls rejoined the Big East Conference, with football membership beginning in the 2012 season and all other sports beginning conference play in 2013. After several basketball-only schools split off to form a new conference that kept the Big East name, Temple remained in the reorganized American Athletic Conference.
Jennifer Bachus
Jennifer Bachus is an American diplomat and career member of the Senior Foreign Service who serves as principal deputy assistant secretary and senior bureau official for the Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy at the United States Department of State. She was the inaugural lead official of the bureau when it was established in 2022 and has acted as head of the bureau pending the appointment of an ambassador-at-large.

Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy
The Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy (CDP) is a bureau of the United States Department of State responsible for leading U.S. foreign policy on cyberspace, digital technologies, and related issues of security, economic growth, and human rights. It was established in April 2022 under H.R.1251 - Cyber Diplomacy Act of 2021 to consolidate and elevate cyber and digital policy functions that had previously been spread across multiple State Department offices and to provide a focal point for U.S. cyber diplomacy.

Independent analysts describe the bureau as a central instrument of U.S. cyber diplomacy and as part of the implementation of the Cyber Diplomacy Act, which codified State's role in global cyber negotiations and capacity building.

In July 2025, it was reported that the CDP was in the first stage of dismantlement as part of a larger internal State Department reorganization.
Thomas County School District
The Thomas County School District is a public school district in Thomas County, Georgia, United States, based in an unincorporated area adjacent to Thomasville (and with a Thomasville postal address).

The district includes all parts of the community that are not in the city limits of Thomasville. It serves the communities of Boston, Coolidge, and Ochlocknee, as well as the Thomas County portions of Barwick, Meigs, and Pavo.

Pavo, Georgia
Pavo is a city that is divided by the county line between Brooks and Thomas counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is part of the Valdosta, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 622 in 2020.

The city is home to a branch of the Thomas County Public Library System.

Pavo was featured in country music star Alan Jackson's video for his hit song "Little Man", lamenting the decline of small-town America.
National Association of Post Office and General Services Maintenance Employees
The National Association of Post Office and General Services Maintenance Employees (NAPOGSME) was a labor union representing mechanics working for the United States Postal Service.

The union was founded in 1937, as the National Association of Post Office Mechanics.  In 1948, it absorbed the National Association of Post Office Custodial Employees, and became the National Association of Post Office Maintenance Employees.  In 1950, some post office staff were transferred to the General Services Administration, and the union then adopted its final name.

On April 1, 1966, the union was chartered by the AFL-CIO, and by 1968, it had about 21,500 members.  On July 1, 1971, it merged with the National Association of Special Delivery Messengers, the United Federation of Postal Clerks, the National Federation of Post Office Motor Vehicle Employees, and the National Postal Union, to form the American Postal Workers' Union.

American Postal Workers Union
The American Postal Workers Union (APWU) is a labor union in the United States. It represents over 200,000 employees and retirees of the United States Postal Service who belong to the Clerk, Maintenance, Motor Vehicle, and Support Services divisions. It also represents approximately 2,000 private-sector mail workers.
Eastmont Town Center
Eastmont Town Center is a shopping mall and social services hub located on 33 acres (130,000 m2) bounded by Foothill Boulevard, Bancroft Avenue, 73rd Avenue, and Church Street, in the Frick neighborhood of East Oakland. The mall opened in phases between 1966 and 1974 on the site of a 1920s-era Chevrolet automobile factory called Oakland Assembly (itself shut down in 1963 with General Motors moving operations to a new plant in suburban Fremont). Architect William Pereira designed the building. It is physically almost next to, and by entry access a few blocks away from the similarly sized Evergreen Cemetery. The official grand opening ceremony was held in November 1970.

Fremont Assembly
Fremont Assembly was a General Motors automobile factory in Fremont, California, in the San Francisco area, replacing the older Oakland Assembly. Groundbreaking for the plant occurred in September 1961, and the plant produced its first vehicle on May 1, 1963. Production continued through March 1, 1982, when the plant was closed after production problems. After closure, the plant was refurbished and reopened as the more successful NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.) joint-venture between GM and Toyota between 1984 and 2010, and later became the Tesla Factory in 2010.
Fairfield, Bedford County, Tennessee
Fairfield is an unincorporated community in Bedford County, Tennessee. Fairfield is located on Tennessee State Route 64 3.8 miles (6.1 km) northeast of Wartrace.

Fairfield was platted about 1830. A post office called Fairfield was established in 1842, and remained in operation until 1905.

Bedford County, Tennessee
Bedford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 50,237. Its county seat is Shelbyville. Bedford County comprises the Shelbyville, TN Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro, TN Combined Statistical Area.
Belmont, Wisconsin
Belmont is a village in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 989 at the 2020 census. It was the original capital of the Wisconsin Territory during the first legislative assembly in 1836.

Lafayette County, Wisconsin
Lafayette County, sometimes spelled La Fayette County, is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It was part of the Wisconsin Territory at the time of its founding. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,611. Its county seat is Darlington. The county was named in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, the French general who rendered assistance to the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. The county is considered a high-farming concentration county by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, meaning at least 20 percent of its earnings came from agriculture.

The courthouse scenes from the 2009 film Public Enemies were filmed at the Lafayette County Courthouse in Darlington.
Your Honor (American TV series)
Your Honor is an American drama television series starring Bryan Cranston, adapted from the Israeli TV series Kvodo. It premiered on Showtime on December 6, 2020. While ordered as a miniseries, in August 2021, the series was renewed for a second season that premiered on January 15, 2023, and ended on March 19, 2023. In July 2022, it was reported that the second season would be its last.

Isiah Whitlock Jr.
Isiah Whitlock Jr. (September 13, 1954 – December 30, 2025) was an American actor. He is best known for his role as corrupt state senator Clay Davis on the HBO television series The Wire as well as being a frequent collaborator of Spike Lee.

Whitlock appeared in many other films and television series, accumulating over 120 acting credits throughout his career. He also acted in some theater productions. He had a unique pronunciation of shit ("sheeeeeeeee-it") that appeared in much of his work.
Moray West, Nairn and Strathspey
Moray West, Nairn and Strathspey is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election, and is currently represented by Graham Leadbitter of the Scottish National Party.

Graham Leadbitter
Graham Leadbitter is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Moray West, Nairn and Strathspey in Scotland since the 2024 United Kingdom general election.