hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
P. Narsa Reddy
P. Narsa Reddy  (22 September 1931 – 29 January 2024) was an Indian independence activist and politician who was a Member of Parliament of the 9th Lok Sabha of India. Reddy represented the Adilabad constituency of Andhra Pradesh and was a member of the Indian National Congress political party.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha (abbreviated: MP) is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha; the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories (both chosen by direct elections). Between 1952 and January 25, 2020, two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.

All Members of Lok Sabha rank 21st in the Order of Precedence of India.
Antamina mine
The Antamina mine in the Andes Mountains of Peru is one of the largest copper/zinc mines in the world. It is an open pit mine which had an estimated life of mine at 15 years. It also produced molybdenum. The mine is jointly owned by Teck Resources, BHP, Glencore, and Mitsubishi Corporation and independently operated by Compañía Minera Antamina S.A. It produced 390,800 tons of copper concentrate in 2006, 461,000 tons in 2013, 410,000 tons (15% of the country’s total production) in 2024. The total capital expenditure of the mine by 2013 was US$2.3 billion. İt is located at an altitude of 4,300 meters above sea level.

In 2014, unionized mine workers went on strike over pay and benefits.

On April 22, 2025, a senior operations manager died in an accident in the mine.

Copper extraction
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper.

Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted.
Commuting probability
In mathematics and more precisely in group theory, the commuting probability (also called degree of commutativity or commutativity degree) of a finite group is the probability that two randomly chosen elements commute. It can be used to measure how close to abelian a finite group is.  It can be generalized to infinite groups equipped with a suitable probability measure, and can also be generalized to other algebraic structures such as rings.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Symphony No. 24 (Mozart)
Symphony No. 24 in B-flat major, K. 182/173dA, is a symphony composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, completed in Salzburg on 3 October 1773. The symphony is scored for 2 oboes (replaced by 2 flutes in the slow movement), 2 horns in B-flat, and E-flat for the second movement, and strings.

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can download the audio file.

He wrote the symphony in three movements:

Allegro spiritoso, 44

Andantino grazioso, 24

Allegro, 38

The autograph score is today located in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz.

Glossary of music terminology
A variety of musical terms are encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings. Most of the other terms are taken from French and German, indicated by Fr. and Ger., respectively.

Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. The list can never be complete: some terms are common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined from time to time. Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here.
Jerry Andrus
Jerry Andrus (January 28, 1918 – August 26, 2007) was an American magician and writer known internationally for his original close-up, sleight of hand tricks, such as the famous "Linking Pins", and optical illusions.

Sleight of hand
Sleight of hand (also known as prestidigitation or legerdemain (listenⓘ) comprises fine motor skills used by performing artists in different art forms to entertain or manipulate. It is closely associated with close-up magic, card magic, card flourishing and stealing. Because of its heavy use and practice by magicians, sleight of hand is often confused as a branch of magic; however, it is a separate genre of entertainment and many artists practice sleight of hand as an independent skill. Sleight of hand pioneers with worldwide acclaim include Dan and Dave, Ricky Jay, Derek DelGaudio, David Copperfield, Yann Frisch, Norbert Ferré, Dai Vernon, Jerry Sadowitz, Cardini, Tony Slydini, Helder Guimarães, Tom Mullica, and Jason Ladanye.
Ladies' Gaelic Football All Stars Awards
The Ladies' Gaelic Football All Stars Awards have been hosted annually by the Ladies' Gaelic Football Association since 1980. TG4 sponsors it. O'Neills have also helped sponsor the awards. All Stars are awarded to the best ladies' Gaelic football players in each of the fifteen playing positions, effectively forming an All Star team. Between 1980 and 2002 the All Stars played an annual exhibition game against the winners of the All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship. Since 2004 the LGFA have organised bi-annual overseas exhibition games featuring two All Star selections. Since 2011 the LGFA has also organised three Player's Player of the Year awards, one each for the Senior, Intermediate and Junior All-Ireland Championships. These awards are announced and presented at the same ceremony as the All Stars. Mary J. Curran of Kerry and Cora Staunton of Mayo hold the all-time record for winning the most All Stars.

All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship (Irish: Craobh Shinsir Peile na mBan in Éirinn) is the premier inter-county competition in the game of ladies' Gaelic football in Ireland. The series of games are organised by the Ladies' Gaelic Football Association and are played during the summer months, with the All-Ireland Final being played at Croke Park. The qualifiers were introduced in 2008.

The winning team is presented with the Brendan Martin Cup (Irish: Corn Bhreandáin Uí Mháirtín). The cup is named after Brendan Martin, a native of Tullamore, County Offaly, who organised Ladies' Gaelic football games in the early 1970s and became one of the first treasurers of the newly founded Ladies' Gaelic Football Association. He died in 2024.
Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1959
Denmark was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1959 with the song "Uh, jeg ville ønske jeg var dig", composed by Otto Lington, with lyrics by Carl Andersen, and performed by Birthe Wilke. The Danish participating broadcaster, Danmarks Radio (DR), organised the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1959 in order to select its entry for the contest. Wilke had previously come third for Denmark in 1957 in a duet with Gustav Winckler, who was one of her competitors in the 1959 national final.

Dansk Melodi Grand Prix
Dansk Melodi Grand Prix (pronounced [ˈtænˀsk me̝loˈti kʁɑn ˌpʰʁi]), also known as Melodi Grand Prix or simply DMGP, is an annual music competition organised by the Danish public broadcaster DR since 1957, which determines its entry for the Eurovision Song Contest. The festival has produced three Eurovision winners and fourteen top-five placings.
Daniela Serrano
Daniela Andrea Serrano Salazar (born March 17, 1995) is a student of public administration and Chilean politician, a member of the Communist Party of Chile (PCCh), who has served as president of Communist Youth of Chile since 2021. In the 2021 parliamentary elections, she was elected as a representative of the Republic representing District 12 (corresponding to the communes of La Florida, La Pintana, Pirque, Puente Alto and San José de Maipo), for the 2022-2026 legislative period.

With studies at the University of Chile, she was a student leader during his time at the university.

Communist Youth of Chile
The Communist Youth of Chile (Spanish: Juventudes Comunistas de Chile, JJ.CC. / La Jota) is the youth wing of the Communist Party of Chile. It was founded on September 5, 1932, and it incorporates young communist activists between the ages of 14 and 28. The JJ.CC has political representation at the local and national level and its members have played a prominent role in the student organizations in Chile. The youth wing of the communist party currently has 5,300 members.
College Park–Bethesda Line
The College Park–Bethesda Line, designated Route J4, was a rush hour-only MetroExtra bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between the College Park–University of Maryland station of the Green and Yellow Lines of the Washington Metro and Bethesda station of the Red Line of the Washington Metro. The J4 operated throughout the neighborhoods in Prince George's and Montgomery counties in Maryland.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
2017 Indiana Hoosiers men's soccer team
The 2017 Indiana Hoosiers men's soccer team was the represented Indiana University during the 2017 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. It was the Hoosiers' 45th season of varsity college soccer, and their 27th season in the Big Ten Conference.

The Hoosiers finished as runners-up for both the Big Ten regular season, the 2017 Big Ten Conference Men's Soccer Tournament, and the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. The Hoosiers only lost one match in regulation or overtime the entire season, finishing with an 18–1–6 record. It was the fewest losses the program posted in a season since 1997, when the Hoosiers finished 23–1–0, and reached the semifinals of the NCAA Tournament. It was also only the fourth time in program history the Hoosiers had only one loss on the season.

2017 Big Ten men's soccer tournament
The 2017 Big Ten Conference men's soccer tournament was the 27th edition of the tournament. It determined the Big Ten Conference's automatic berth into the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. Maryland entered the tournament as the three-time defending champions, but were defeated in the quarterfinals by eventual champions Wisconsin.

This was the second Big Ten Tournament title for the Wisconsin Badgers. The Badgers defeated Indiana in penalty kicks in the championship game.
Shahab Hosseini
Sayyid Shahabeddin Hosseini Tonekaboni (Persian: سیّد شهاب‌الدین حسینی تنکابنی; born 3 February 1974), known professionally as Shahab Hosseini, is an Iranian actor and producer. he was nominated for the Crystal Simorgh for Best Supporting Actor at the Fajr Film Festival for his performances in A Candle in the Wind (2003) and Redemption at 8:20 (2004). In 2008, Hosseini won the Crystal Simorgh for Best Actor at the Fajr Film Festival for his role in Superstar.

Hosseini, along with the ensemble cast of A Separation, received the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival in 2011. At the 2016 Cannes Film Festival, he won the Best Actor Award for his performance in The Salesman, becoming the first Iranian actor and the only Iranian male actor to receive this accolade. In 2019, the French government awarded him the Legion of Honour.

61st Berlin International Film Festival
The 61st annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 10 to 20 February 2011, with actress Isabella Rossellini as the president of the jury. The Coen Brothers film True Grit opened the festival. 300,000 tickets were sold in total during the event, to 20,000 attendees from 116 countries, including 3900 members of the press.

The Golden Bear was awarded to the Iranian film A Separation, directed by Asghar Farhadi, which also served as the closing film at the festival. German actor Armin Mueller-Stahl received the Honorary Golden Bear for lifetime achievement.
Logan Sapphire
The Logan Sapphire is a 422.98-carat (84.596 g) sapphire from Sri Lanka. One of the largest blue faceted sapphires in the world, it was owned by Victor Sassoon and then purchased by M. Robert Guggenheim as a gift for his wife, Rebecca Pollard Guggenheim, who donated the sapphire to the Smithsonian Institution in 1960. The sapphire's name is derived from her new surname after marrying John A. Logan following Guggenheim's death. It has been displayed in the National Gem Collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., since 1971. It is a mixed cushion-cut sapphire, approximately the size of a large chicken egg, and set in a silver and gold brooch surrounded by 20 round brilliant-cut diamonds.

Carat (mass)
The carat (ct) is a unit of mass equal to 200 mg (0.00705 oz; 0.00643 ozt), which is used for measuring gemstones and pearls.
The current definition, sometimes known as the metric carat, was adopted in 1907 at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures, and soon afterwards in many countries around the world. The carat is divisible into 100 points of 2 mg. Other subdivisions, and slightly different mass values, have been used in the past in different locations.

In terms of diamonds, a paragon is a flawless stone of at least 100 carats (20 g).

The ANSI X.12 EDI standard abbreviation for the carat is CD.
Raoul Hyman
Raoul Joshua Hyman (born 12 May 1996) is a South African racing driver, he has competed in the Super Formula Championship for B-Max Racing. He is the 2022 Formula Regional Americas and 2018 F3 Asian Champion.

2018 F3 Asian Championship
The 2018 F3 Asian Championship was a multi-event, Formula 3 open-wheel single seater motor racing championship held across Asia. The championship features a mix of professional and amateur drivers, competing in Formula 3 cars that conform to the FIA Formula 3 regulations for the championship. This is the inaugural season of the championship.

The season commenced on 14 July at Sepang International Circuit and concluded on 25 November at the same venue, after fifteen races to be held at five meetings.
Ross Finnie
James Ross Finnie (born 11 February 1947) is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician and a former Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP). He is a former Minister for the Environment and Rural Development in the Scottish Executive, and Member of the Scottish Parliament for the West of Scotland region. He became an MSP in the first elections to the Scottish Parliament in 1999, and held the same ministerial portfolio until May 2007.

West of Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region)
West of Scotland was one of the eight electoral regions of the Scottish Parliament that were created in 1999. Nine of the Parliament's 73 first past the post constituencies were sub-divisions of the region and it elected seven of the 56 additional-member Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). Thus it elected a total of 16 MSPs.

The West of Scotland region shared boundaries with the Central Scotland, Glasgow, Highlands and Islands, and Mid Scotland and Fife regions.

Following the First Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament Boundaries it was eventually replaced by the West Scotland region.
Scorching Ping Pong Girls
Scorching Ping Pong Girls (灼熱の卓球娘, Shakunetsu no Takkyū Musume) is a Japanese manga series by Yagura Asano about table tennis. The original run began serialization in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Jump SQ.19 in 2013. After Jump SQ.19 ended publication in February 2015, the manga moved to Shueisha's online platform Tonari no Young Jump in May 2015, and finished in February 2019. It has been collected in seven tankōbon volumes. A continuation, titled Scorching Ping Pong Girls Reburn!!, began serialization on Takeshobo's Storia Dash website from April 2023.  An anime television series adaptation by Kinema Citrus aired in Japan between October and December 2016.

Kinema Citrus
Kinema Citrus Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社キネマシトラス, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Kinema Shitorasu) is a Japanese animation studio, founded on March 3, 2008, by former Production I.G and Bones members and based in Suginami, Tokyo. Its business directors are Muneki Ogasawara, Yuichiro Matsuka and Masaki Tachibana. Notable works include Tokyo Magnitude 8.0 in 2009, co-produced with Bones, .hack//Quantum, a 3-episode OVA series, Black Bullet and Barakamon in 2014, Made in Abyss in 2017, and The Rising of the Shield Hero in 2019.

On December 12, 2019, Kinema Citrus announced that Kadokawa and Bushiroad acquired each of them a total of 31.8% on the company. The three companies previously announced a partnership in the same year for the creation of different anime, and one of the reasons for the deal was due to that partnership.
Haplochromis
Haplochromis is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cichlidae. It has been used as the default "wastebin taxon" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids of the East African Rift, and as such became the "largest" fish "genus". Many of these cichlids are popular aquarium fishes; like similar Haplochromini they are known as "haplos", "happies" or "haps" among aquarium enthusiasts.

The genus was established by F.M. Hilgendorf in 1888. It was originally conceived as a subgenus of A.C.L.G. Günther's "Chromis", at that time an even larger "wastebin genus" for Pseudocrenilabrinae cichlids. The type species of Hilgendorf was H. obliquidens. "Chromis" of Günther turned out to be a junior homonym of G. Cuvier's ocean fish genus Chromis, already established in 1814, and was abolished. As the years went by, other genera of (mostly) Haplochromini were lumped with and split again from Haplochromis, and the final delimitation of the clade around H. obliquidens is not yet done.

Lumpers and splitters
Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any academic discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example, schools of literature, biological taxa, and so on. A "lumper" is a person who assigns examples broadly, judging that differences are not as important as signature similarities. A "splitter" makes precise definitions, and creates new categories to classify samples that differ in key ways.
Bill Arnold (ice hockey)
William Norris Arnold (born May 13, 1992) is an American former professional ice hockey center who played one game with the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was a fourth-round selection of the Flames, 108th overall, at the 2010 NHL Entry Draft.  Arnold played four seasons of college hockey for the Boston College Eagles between 2010 and 2014 and was a member of the school's 2012 national championship team.

2010 NHL entry draft
The 2010 NHL entry draft was the 48th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 25–26, 2010, at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, the home arena of the Los Angeles Kings. This was the first time Los Angeles hosted the NHL entry draft. An unofficial record of eleven American-trained players were selected in the first round, starting with Jack Campbell and ending with Brock Nelson. The record was set in the 2006 and 2007 drafts, where ten U.S.-trained players were selected in the first round.

As of 2025 there are 38 active NHL players from this draft.
Dries Van Langendonck
Dries Van Langendonck (Dutch pronunciation: [dris fɑn ˈlɑŋ.dɔŋk]; born 30 August 2010), also known by his initials DVL, is a Belgian racing driver who competes in the F4 British Championship for Rodin Motorsport as part of the McLaren Driver Development Programme.

Born in Hasselt and raised in Heusden-Zolder, Van Langendonck began competitive kart racing aged eight. After a successful karting career—culminating in his victories at the junior World Championship in 2023 and European Championship in 2024—Van Langendonck graduated to junior formulae. He became the youngest race winner in British F4 history on debut in 2025.

McLaren Driver Development Programme
The McLaren Driver Development Programme, formerly known as the McLaren Young Driver Programme, is a driver development programme operated by McLaren. It is intended to offer year-by-year guidance, assistance and endorsement to help promising young racers climb the motorsport ladder. The programme was also formerly known as the McLaren-Honda Young Driver Programme and the McLaren-Mercedes Young Driver Support Programme, reflecting engine deals with Honda and Mercedes, respectively.

As of 2026, 10 former programme drivers have progressed to Formula One, with four graduating directly with McLaren: Lewis Hamilton in 2007, Kevin Magnussen in 2014, Stoffel Vandoorne in 2016, and Lando Norris in 2019. Hamilton and Norris have each won a Formula One World Drivers' Championship and multiple Grands Prix with the team. Hamilton, the programme's most notable participant, won the drivers' title seven times between 2008 and 2020.
Siege of Rustenburg
The siege of Rustenburg was a siege that took place between 1880 and 1881 during the First Boer War. Boer forces of the South African Republic carried out the siege on Rustenburg, a British-controlled city inside of the Transvaal Colony, and captured it after three months.

First Boer War
The First Boer War (Afrikaans: Eerste Vryheidsoorlog, lit. 'First Freedom War'),  was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881 between the United Kingdom  and Boers of the Transvaal (as the South African Republic was known while under British administration). The war resulted in a Boer victory and eventual independence of the South African Republic. The war is also known as the First Anglo–Boer War, the Transvaal War or the Transvaal Rebellion.