hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samogitian Wikipedia
Samogitian Wikipedia (Samogitian: Žemaitėška Vikipedėjė) is a section of Wikipedia in the Samogitian language. This section of Wikipedia was founded in 2006 by Zords Davini (Arnas Udovičius). It has 17,267 articles.

Samogitian language
Samogitian (endonym: žemaitiu kalba or sometimes žemaitiu rokunda, žemaitiu šnekta or žemaitiu ruoda; Lithuanian: žemaičių tarmė, žemaičių kalba) is an Eastern Baltic language spoken primarily in Samogitia, that is often considered a dialect of Lithuanian.

It has preserved many features of the extinct Curonian language, such as specific phonological traits and vocabulary. Samogitian differs significantly from standard Lithuanian in phonetics, morphology, syntax, and lexis, with unique archaic features not found in other Lithuanian dialects. This difference often causes speakers of Aukštaitian dialects to not be able to understand speakers of Samogitian. The use of Samogitian is currently in decline, with limited presence in media and education. Efforts are being made to preserve the language, including local initiatives and cultural societies.
Province of Teruel
Teruel (Catalan: Terol; [təˈɾɔl]) is a province of Aragon, in the northeast of Spain. The capital is Teruel.

It is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Castellón, Valencia (including its exclave, Rincón de Ademuz), Cuenca, Guadalajara, and Zaragoza. The area of the province is 14,809 km². Its population is 134,572 (2018), of whom about a quarter live in the capital, and its population density is 9.36/km². It contains 236 municipalities, of which more than half are villages of under 200 people. Teruel is the second-least populated province of Spain, and also the second-lowest in population density, in both counts after the province of Soria.

The main language throughout the province is Spanish (with official status), although Catalan is spoken in a northeastern area bordering Catalonia.

Province of Soria
The Province of Soria (Spanish: Provincia de Soria) is a province of central Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. Most of the province is in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area. It is bordered by the provinces of La Rioja, Zaragoza, Guadalajara, Segovia, and Burgos.

With a population of 90,183, it is the least populous province of Spain, as well as the least densely populated with a density of less than 9 inhabitants/km2, one of the lowest in the European Union.
Lambert Jackson Woodburne
Vice Admiral Lambert Jackson Woodburne DVR SD SM SAN (13 July 1939 – 5 July 2013) was Chief of the South African Navy from 1 July 1990 to 31 August 1992. He is one of only two people to have been awarded the Van Riebeeck Decoration, which he received for Special Forces operations in Tanzania. He was more commonly known by his nickname "Woody".

Van Riebeeck Decoration
The Van Riebeeck Decoration, post-nominal letters DVR, is a South African military decoration for bravery which was instituted by the Union of South Africa in 1952. It was awarded to officers for distinguished service in the field.
Celje (National Assembly constituency)
Celje, officially known as the 5th constituency (Slovene: 5. volilna enota), is one of the eight multi-member constituencies (electoral units) of the National Assembly, the national legislature of Slovenia. The constituency was established in 1992 following Slovenia's independence from Yugoslavia. It consists of the municipalities of Braslovče, Celje, Črna na Koroškem, Dobje, Dobrna, Dravograd, Gornji Grad, Ljubno, Luče, Mežica, Mislinja, Mozirje, Muta, Nazarje, Podvelka, Polzela, Prebold, Prevalje, Radlje ob Dravi, Ravne na Koroškem, Rečica ob Savinji, Ribnica na Pohorju, Šentjur, Slovenj Gradec, Šmartno ob Paki, Solčava, Šoštanj, Štore, Tabor, Velenje, Vojnik, Vransko, Vuzenica and Žalec. The constituency currently elects 11 of the 90 members of the National Assembly using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2022 parliamentary election the constituency had 211,981 registered electors.

Municipality of Ribnica na Pohorju
The Municipality of Ribnica na Pohorju (Slovene: Občina Ribnica na Pohorju) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. It is also part of the larger Carinthia Statistical Region. The seat of the municipality is the town of Ribnica na Pohorju. Ribnica na Pohorju became a municipality in 1998.
LKPS Lublin
LKPS Lublin, officially known for sponsorship reasons as Bogdanka LUK Lublin, is a professional men's volleyball club based in Lublin in eastern Poland, founded in 2013. The club has been promoted to the top flight of  Polish volleyball, PlusLiga in 2021.

PlusLiga
The PlusLiga is the highest level of men's volleyball in Poland, a professional league competition featuring volleyball clubs located in this country. It is overseen by Polska Liga Siatkówki SA (PLS SA). It is currently a 14 teams league from October to April/May. The regular season is followed by playoffs, with the winner earning the Polish Championship (Polish: Mistrzostwo Polski). It is one of the best volleyball leagues in Europe, being highly ranked in the international competitions.

The league in its current form was founded in 2000 and was originally known as Polska Liga Siatkówki (Polish Volleyball League). Since 2008 it is named PlusLiga after a mobile phone network brand, Plus.
Marquess of Halifax
The title Marquess of Halifax was created in the Peerage of England in 1682 for the George Savile, 1st Earl of Halifax.

He had previously been created Baron Savile, of Elland in the County of York, Viscount Halifax in 1668, and Earl of Halifax in 1679, all also in the Peerage of England. The baronetcy, styled "of Thornhill in the County of York", had been created in the Baronetage of England in 1611 for his great-grandfather George Savile. All peerages became extinct on the death of the 2nd Marquess in 1700. The baronetcy was inherited by a kinsman, the 6th Baronet, and became extinct on the death of the 8th Baronet in 1784.

The courtesy title used by the heir apparent to the earldom and marquessate was Lord Elland, taken from the territorial designation of the barony of Savile. The family seat was originally Thornhill Hall, which was destroyed in the English Civil War, after which the seat was transferred to Rufford Abbey.

George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax
George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, PC, DL, FRS (11 November 1633 – 5 April 1695) was an English statesman and writer. He sat in the House of Commons of England in 1660 before being elevated to the House of Lords in 1668.
2017 Kenyan presidential election in Mount Kenya Region
The 2017 Kenyan presidential election in the Mount Kenya region marked a decisive political expression, with the region delivering an overwhelming mandate to incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta. Kenyatta secured 92.61% of the valid votes (3,579,771 votes) against his main challenger Raila Odinga's 6.68% (294,348 votes). The ten-county region exhibited high civic participation, with a voter turnout of 82.5%. Nyandarua County recorded the highest support for Kenyatta at around 99% of the total votes, while Nakuru County, despite being his lowest-performing county in the region, still gave him a commanding 84.74% of its vote. This electoral performance solidified Mount Kenya as the bedrock of Jubilee Party's support and a critical determinant in national presidential contests.

Nyandarua County
Nyandarua County  is a county in Central, Kenya in the Mount Kenya region, with its capital and largest town being Ol Kalou. Formerly, the capital was Nyahururu, which is now part of Laikipia County. Nyandarua County had a population of 596,268 in 2009 and 638,289 in 2019 and covers an area of 3,304 km2. The county is located on the northwestern part of the old Central Province, and contains the Aberdare Ranges.

Daniel Waithaka was elected the first governor of the County in the 2013 General Election, followed by Francis Kimemia, who was elected as the second governor in the August 2017 elections. In the 2022 general elections, Moses Ndirangu Badilisha won the seat, becoming the third Governor of Nyandarua County.
Drazinderetes
Drazinderetes is a large bodied genus of soft shell turtle from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation of Pakistan. Its presence in the shallow marine deposits of the Drazinda Formation suggests that Drazinderetes may have been a partially or fully marine animal. Indetermined trionychine remains from the same formation may suggest that Drazinderetes could have been among the largest known turtles, with one entoplastron indicating a potential length of 1.5 to 2.1 meters (4 ft 11 in to 6 ft 11 in). Drazinderetes currently consists of only a single species: Drazinderetes tethyensis.

Bartonian
The Bartonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geologic time scale, a stage or age in the middle of the Eocene Epoch or Series. The Bartonian Age spans the time between 41.03 and 37.71 Ma. It is preceded by the Lutetian and is followed by the Priabonian Age.
Tears to Tiara
Tears to Tiara (ティアーズ・トゥ・ティアラ, Tiāzu tu Tiara) is a Japanese adult tactical role-playing game developed by Leaf. It was first released for Windows on April 28, 2005, in Japan. Then it was followed by a 12-years-old-and-up version called Tears to Tiara: Garland of the Earth (ティアーズ・トゥ・ティアラ -花冠の大地-, Tiāzu tu Tiara: Kakan no Daichi) released for the PlayStation 3 platform on July 17, 2008 in Japan, Hong Kong, and Taiwan in which the adult content was removed. This port also contained several enhancements and additional scenarios including new character designs and changed the original 2D gameplay to 3D.

A side story for the PlayStation 3 port titled Tears to Tiara Anecdotes: The Secret of Avalon (ティアーズ・トゥ・ティアラ外伝 アヴァロンの謎, Tiāzu tu Tiara Gaiden: Avaron no Nazo) was released on September 17, 2009 and a sequel titled Tears to Tiara II: Heir of the Overlord (ティアーズ・トゥ・ティアラII 覇王の末裔, Tiāzu tu Tiara II: Haō no Matsuei) was released on October 31, 2013.

Eroge
An eroge (エロゲー, erogē, pronounced [eɾoɡe(ː)]), also called an H-game (エッチゲーム, ecchi game), is a Japanese genre of erotic video game. The term encompasses a wide variety of Japanese games containing erotic content across multiple genres. The first eroge were created in the 1980s, and many well-known companies in the Japanese gaming industry originally produced and distributed them. Some eroge are primarily focused on erotic content, while others, such as Key's Kanon, only contain occasional scenes in an otherwise non-erotic work. Games in the latter category are often re-released with sexual content removed for general audiences. Throughout its history, the genre has faced controversy for its use of explicit sexual content, and as a result has been banned from several console platforms.
Fire Hunt with Beaters
Fire Hunt with Beaters (Lithuanian: Ugnies medžioklė su varovais, Hunt with Beaters for Fire) was the first Lithuanian theatre musical. Formally, its plot is a traditional love triangle, however with unexpected twists, evolving in the environment of Soviet Lithuania. The music is by Giedrius Kuprevičius, the libretto is by Saulius Šaltenis (songs) and Leonidas Jacinevičius (prose).

Lithuanian theatre critic Audronė Girdzijauskaitė explained the title as follows: "Fire is living human feelings, aspirations, desires. The chorus commenting on the actions and events are the beaters who help in the fire hunt".

Beater (hunting)
In hunting, beaters are assistants of hunters who drive game from hiding into the open or towards the shooters by making noise and other disturbance: shouting, beating the trees and bushes with sticks, using rattles/ratchtets/clappers, shooting in the air, etc. In various countries hunting with beaters may be of special types and have special names: driven hunt/driven hunting =no:Drivjakt =es:batida = battue = de:Drückjagd, de:Streifjagd ("strip hunting"), de:Kesseltreiben ("kettle driving") de:Lappjagd sv:Klappjakt (""clap hunting"), pl:Naganka  etc.

Beaters usually are unarmed, but may be accompanied with dogs. In Germany, high-visibility clothing is compulsory for beaters, for safety reasons.
Dai Daiwei
Dai Daiwei (simplified Chinese: 戴大卫; traditional Chinese: 戴大衛; pinyin: Dài Dàiwèi; born 19 July 2003) is a Russian-born Chinese figure skater. He is a three-time Chinese national medalist and the 2023 Asian Open Trophy champion.

Asian Open Figure Skating Trophy
The Asian Open Figure Skating Trophy (also known as the Asian Trophy; previously known as the Asian Figure Skating Championships) is an annual international figure skating competition sanctioned by the Asian Skating Union. In some years, the event is part of the ISU Challenger Series. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels.
Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase
Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase (MOGS) (EC 3.2.1.106, processing α-glucosidase I, Glc3Man9NAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase, trimming glucosidase I, GCS1) is an enzyme with systematic name mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucohydrolase. MOGS is a transmembrane protein found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells.  Biologically, it functions within the N-glycosylation pathway.

N-linked glycosylation
N-linked glycosylation is the attachment of an oligosaccharide, a carbohydrate consisting of several sugar molecules, sometimes also referred to as glycan, to a nitrogen atom (the amide nitrogen of an asparagine (Asn) residue of a protein), in a process called N-glycosylation, studied in biochemistry. The resulting protein is called an N-linked glycan, or simply an N-glycan.

This type of linkage is important for both the structure and function of many eukaryotic proteins. The N-linked glycosylation process occurs in eukaryotes and widely in archaea, but very rarely in bacteria. The nature of N-linked glycans attached to a glycoprotein is determined by the protein and the cell in which it is expressed. It also varies across species. Different species synthesize different types of N-linked glycans.
Jean Veillet (1901–1985)
Jean Veillet (born 14 March 1901 in Dijon (Côte-d'Or) and died in 1985 in the same city) was a French doctor. French Resistance and local politician, he was mayor of Dijon and president of the Departmental Council of Côte-d'Or.

Departmental Council of Côte-d'Or
The Departmental Council of Côte-d'Or (French: Conseil départemental de la Côte-d'Or) is the deliberative assembly of the French department of Côte-d'Or. Before the 2015 departmental elections, this body was called the general council of Côte-d'Or.

It is made up of 46 departmental councilors elected from its 23 cantons for a term of six years. Its headquarters are in Dijon.
Bernadette Atuahene
Bernadette Atuahene is an American professor of law, property law scholar, and author. She is the inaugural James E. Jones Chair at the University of Wisconsin Law School, and previously was a professor at Chicago-Kent College of Law and a research professor for the American Bar Foundation.

Atuahene is the author of We Want What's Ours: Learning from South Africa's Land Restitution Program, a 2014 ethnography of the post-apartheid land restitution program, and won the 2020 John Hope Franklin Award from the Law and Society Association for her California Law Review article "Predatory Cities," based on her 2018 ethnography of property tax assessments in Detroit. She has also advocated with community groups in Detroit for government action on property taxes.

Chicago-Kent College of Law
The Chicago-Kent College of Law is the law school of the Illinois Institute of Technology, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It is the second oldest law school in the state of Illinois (after Northwestern Law).

Chicago-Kent was founded in 1888 by Justice Joseph M. Bailey. Today, it employs more than 140 faculty members and hosts more than 700 students in its Juris Doctor program, Master of Laws, and joint degree programs. The school is recognized for its three-year legal writing curriculum and offers J.D. concentrations in business law, criminal litigation, environmental and energy law, intellectual property, labor and employment, and privacy law.
Okkar Min
Okkar Min (Burmese: ဦးဥက္ကာမင်း, born 4 November  1984) is a Burmese politician who served as a House of Nationalities member of parliament for Tanintharyi No. 8 constituency from 2016 until his removal from office in the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. He is a member of the National League for Democracy.

Amyotha Hluttaw
The Amyotha Hluttaw (Burmese: အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်, IPA: [ʔəmjóðá l̥ʊʔtɔ̀]; lit. 'National Assembly') is one of the de jure houses of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the bicameral legislature of Myanmar (Burma). It consists of 224 members, of which 168 are directly elected and 56 appointed by the Myanmar Armed Forces. The last elections to the Amyotha Hluttaw were held in November 2015. At its second meeting on 3 February 2016, Mahn Win Khaing Than and Aye Thar Aung were elected Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw and Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as a whole. There is no upper house and lower house in Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as both Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw enjoy equal status as per the constitution.

After the coup d'état on 1 February 2021, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw was dissolved by Acting President Myint Swe, who declared a one-year state of emergency and transferred all legislative powers to Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing.
Approach and Landing Tests
The Approach and Landing Tests were a series of sixteen taxi and flight trials of the prototype Space Shuttle Enterprise that took place between February and October 1977 to test the vehicle's flight characteristics. Of the sixteen taxi-tests and flights, eleven saw Enterprise remain mated to the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), while the final five had the shuttle separate from the SCA, with the on-board crew flying and landing the spacecraft.

Taxiing
Taxiing (rarely spelled taxying) is the movement of an aircraft on the ground, under its own power, in contrast to towing or pushback where the aircraft is moved by a tug. The aircraft usually moves on wheels, but the term also includes aircraft with skis or floats (for water-based travel).

An airplane uses taxiways to taxi from one place on an airport to another; for example, when moving from a hangar to the runway.  The term "taxiing" is not used for the accelerating run along a runway prior to takeoff, or the decelerating run immediately after landing, which are called the takeoff roll and landing rollout, respectively; however, aircraft are considered to be taxiing when they leave the runway after landing to travel to a gate or remote stand for disembarkment.
Afra and Tobia Scarpa
Afra and Tobia Scarpa are award-winning postmodern Italian architects and designers. Their pieces can be found in museums across the United States and Europe, including collections in MoMA and the Louvre Museum. They have collaborated with companies such as B&B Italia, San Lorenzo Silver, and Knoll International. They have won a number of awards such as the Compasso d'Oro in 1969 to the International Forum Design in 1992. Their design work consists of architecture and everyday household items including, furniture, clothing, interior design, art glass. They focused on the technical and aesthetic possibilities of materials in their designs. The couple was greatly influenced by Tobia’s father, Carlo Scarpa, a Venetian architect and designer.

Compasso d'Oro
The Compasso d'Oro (Italian pronunciation: [komˈpasso ˈdɔːro]; 'Golden Compass') is an industrial design award which originated in Italy in 1954. Initially sponsored by Milanese department store La Rinascente, the award has been organised and managed by the Associazione per il Disegno Industriale (ADI) since 1964. The Compasso d'Oro is the first and among the most recognized and respected design awards. It aims to acknowledge and promote quality in industrial design in Italy and internationally, and has been called both the "Nobel" and the "Oscar" of design.
Open heritage
Open heritage is the application of open culture solutions and open source software for the academic research, safeguard, and open education of cultural heritage and natural heritage, including religious heritage and sacred natural sites, in compliance with the United Nations Education Science Culture Organization (UNESCO) recommendations on open education that regulate the Blue Shield International World Heritage Convention for world heritage sites and the International Council of Museums (ICOM).

The movement has just developed the Open Heritage Statement.

International Council of Museums
The International Council of Museums (ICOM) is a non-governmental organisation dedicated to museums, maintaining formal relations with UNESCO and having a consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. Founded in 1946, ICOM also partners with entities such as the World Intellectual Property Organization,
 Interpol, and the World Customs Organization in order to carry out its international public service missions, which include fighting illicit traffic in cultural goods and promoting risk management and emergency preparedness to protect world cultural heritage in the event of natural or man-made disasters. ICOM members receive a card providing free or reduced-rate entry to many museums worldwide.
Corral del Carbón
The Corral del Carbón, originally al-Funduq al-Jadida, is a 14th-century historic building in the Spanish city of Granada (Andalusia). It is the only funduq (commercial warehouse or inn) or alhóndiga preserved from the Nasrid period in the Iberian Peninsula. The building is located south of the Albaicin quarter, near the present-day Cathedral (formerly the city's Great Mosque).

Granada Cathedral
The Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica of the Incarnation (Spanish: Basílica Catedral Metropolitana de la Encarnación) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Granada, Spain. The cathedral is the seat of the Archdiocese of Granada. Like many other cathedrals in Andalusia, it was built on top of the city's main mosque after the reconquest of Granada.
Zebra Imaging
Zebra Imaging was a company that developed 3D digital holographic images, hologram imagers and interactive 3D displays for government and commercial uses. The company offers digital holograms that are autostereoscopic (no glasses or goggles required), full-parallax (viewing of the image from viewpoints above and below as well as from side to side) and in monochrome or full-color.  They have also developed a 3D Dynamic Display, which is capable of rendering holograms in real time; design work with 3D programs such as SketchUp and 123D Catch can be viewed on a holographic display while they are actively being edited.

Digital holography
Digital holography is the acquisition and processing of holograms from a digital sensor array, typically a CCD camera or a similar device, and also refers to the display of holograms using a digital output device such as a spatial light modulator. Image rendering, or reconstruction of object data is performed numerically from digitized interferograms. Digital holography offers a means of measuring optical phase data and typically delivers three-dimensional surface or optical thickness images. Several recording and processing schemes have been developed to assess optical wave characteristics such as amplitude, phase, and polarization state, which make digital holography a very powerful method for metrology applications
.