hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas, North Dakota
Douglas is a city in Ward County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 93 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area. Douglas was founded in 1906.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, multiple business buildings on Main Street were demolished. Between 2005 and 2009, the school was razed for an unknown reason. Today, the town is a shell of its former self, with a bar being the only business left in operation.

Ward County, North Dakota
Ward County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 69,919, and was estimated to be 68,427 in 2024. making it the fourth-most populous county in North Dakota. The county seat and the largest city is Minot.

Ward County is part of the Minot, North Dakota metropolitan area as comprising all of McHenry, Renville, and Ward Counties.
White v Jones
White v Jones [1995] UKHL 5 is a leading English tort law case concerning professional negligence and the conditions under which a person will be taken to have assumed responsibility for the welfare of another.

Professional negligence in English law
In the English law of tort, professional negligence is a subset of the general rules on negligence to cover the situation in which the defendant has represented him or herself as having more than average skills and abilities. The usual rules rely on establishing that a duty of care is owed by the defendant to the claimant, and that the defendant is in breach of that duty. The standard test of breach is whether the defendant has matched the abilities of a reasonable person. But, by virtue of the services they offer and supply, professional people hold themselves out as having more than average abilities. This specialised set of rules determines the standards against which to measure the legal quality of the services actually delivered by those who claim to be among the best in their fields of expertise.
Raouché
Raouché (Arabic: الروشة, romanized: ar-Rawše) is a residential and commercial neighborhood in Beirut, Lebanon. It is known for its upscale apartment buildings, numerous restaurants, and cliff-side cafés that line Avenue de Paris, which forms part of the Corniche Beirut.

Off the coast of Raouché, there is a natural landmark called the Pigeons' Rock (also known as the Rock of Raouché), consisting of two rock formations.

Corniche Beirut
The Corniche Beirut is a seaside promenade in the Central District of Beirut, Lebanon. Lined with palm trees, the waterfront esplanade has views of the Mediterranean Sea and the summits of Mount Lebanon to the east.  Corniche Beirut has its foundation in the Avenue des Français, which was built during the period of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon along the seafront that extended from the old town.
SF Weekly
SF Weekly is an online music publication and formerly alternative weekly newspaper founded in the 1970s in San Francisco, California. It was distributed every Thursday, and was published by the San Francisco Print Media Company. The paper has won national journalism awards, and sponsored the SF Weekly Music Awards.

Alternative newspaper
An alternative newspaper is a type of newspaper that eschews comprehensive coverage of general news in favor of stylized reporting, opinionated reviews and columns, investigations into edgy topics and magazine-style feature stories highlighting local people and culture. Its news coverage is more locally focused, and their target audiences are younger than those of daily newspapers. Typically, alternative newspapers are published in tabloid format and printed on newsprint. Other names for such publications include alternative weekly, alternative newsweekly, and alt weekly, as the majority circulate on a weekly schedule.

Most metropolitan areas of the United States and Canada are home to at least one alternative paper. These papers are generally found in such urban areas, although a few publish in smaller cities, in rural areas or exurban areas where they may be referred to as an alt monthly  due to the less frequent publication schedule.
Lindsay Greer
Alan Lindsay Greer (publishing as A. Lindsay Greer) is a British materials scientist and professor at the University of Cambridge, known for research on metallic glasses, crystal nucleation and microstructural kinetics. He served as Head of the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy from 2006 to 2013 and as Head of the School of the Physical Sciences from 2016 to 2019. Since 2024 he has been President of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.

Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge
The Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy (DMSM) is a large research and teaching division of the University of Cambridge. Since 2013 it has been located in West Cambridge, having previously occupied several buildings on the New Museums Site in the centre of Cambridge.

Following the changes to academic titles in 2021/2022 at the University of Cambridge, the academic staff of the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy no longer use the academic titles of Reader and Lecturer.  The list below reflects the new academic titles.
John Flynt
John James Flynt Jr. (November 8, 1914 – June 24, 2007) was an American Democratic Party politician who served in the United States House of Representatives for two congressional districts in Georgia from 1954 to 1979. Upon his retirement from the House, he was succeeded by future House Speaker Newt Gingrich, whom Flynt had narrowly defeated in the two previous elections.

Griffin, Georgia
Griffin is a city in and the county seat of Spalding County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 23,478.

Griffin was founded in 1840 and named for landowner Col. Lewis Lawrence Griffin.

Griffin Technical College was located in Griffin from 1963 and a branch of Southern Crescent Technical College is in Griffin. The Griffin Synodical Female College was established by Presbyterians, but closed. The University of Georgia maintains a branch campus in Griffin.
Valley National Bank of Arizona
Valley National Bank of Arizona was a bank based in Phoenix, Arizona, founded in 1900 and acquired by Bank One in 1992. The bank was one of Arizona's leading financial institutions during the 20th century and the last major independent bank in Arizona at the time of its acquisition.

Professional Building (Phoenix, Arizona)
The Professional Building in Phoenix, Arizona is an Art Deco skyscraper. Built in 1932, it is 171 feet (52 m) tall. Angles and setbacks are played up in this streamlined Art Deco design. A central tower rises from the two-story base with a wing on the western side of the building. The entrances on Central Avenue and Monroe Street feature decorative grills above the doors.

It functioned as an office building from 1932 until losing its last tenants in the 1990s. The building subsequently sat empty for two decades, before reopening as a hotel in 2015.
Wyłudy, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Wyłudy [vɨˈwudɨ] (German: Willudden, from 1938-45 Andreastal) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pozezdrze, within Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Pozezdrze, 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Węgorzewo, and 99 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Wyłudy was founded in 1544 by brother Andrzej and Marcin Wyłudzki, who bought land to establish the village.

Gmina Pozezdrze
Gmina Pozezdrze is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Pozezdrze, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Węgorzewo and 98 km (61 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 177.3 square kilometres (68.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 3,498.
Kundgol
Kundgol, also known as Kundagola, is a panchayat town in Dharwad district in the Indian state of Karnataka.

Kundgol is located about 14 km south-west of Hubli and 32 km south-west of Dharwad.

This town is the birthplace of the Rambhau Kundgolkar (also known as Pandit Sawai Gandharva), a Hindustani musician.

Dharwad district
Dharwad district or Dharawada is an administrative district of the state of Karnataka in southern India. The administrative headquarters of the district is the city of Dharwad, also known as Dharwar. Dharwad is located 425 km northwest of Bangalore and 421 km southeast of Pune, on the main highway between Chennai and Pune, the National Highway 4 (NH4).

Before 1997 the district had an area of 13738 km2. In 1997, the new districts of Gadag and Haveri were carved out of Dharwad's former territory, and a portion of Dharwad district was combined with lands formerly part of three other districts to create the new district of Davanagere.
Jack Ellis (actor)
John Stuart Ellis (born 4 June 1955) is a British theatre and television actor from London, best known for his portrayal of villainous prison officer Jim Fenner in the TV series Bad Girls. He has also appeared in ITV soap Coronation Street as bookmaker Harry Mason.

He and his former wife Christine Kavanagh, from whom he is now divorced, have two children, Theo and Alice. Theo is the bassist in the Mercury Prize-winning band Wolf Alice. He was educated at Highgate School as were his older brothers Robin Ellis, also an actor, and Peter Ellis, a director.

Jim Fenner
James Graham "Jim" Fenner is a fictional character in the British television series Bad Girls, portrayed by Jack Ellis. The character was a prominent feature on the show for seven series, and played the role of a prison officer, temporary prison governor and a villainous figure who schemed and made life for inmates difficult. He was at one point imprisoned for death by dangerous driving but was released when his wife, Di Barker (Tracey Wilkinson), falsified evidence to clear his name. He returned to his job at Larkhall as G-Wing Governor, and shortly before his death was promoted to Acting Governing Governor. Ellis left Bad Girls at the end of the seventh series when his character was murdered by inmate Julie Johnston (Kika Mirylees).
Jens Boden
Jens Boden (born 29 August 1978) is a German former competitive speed skater, who won the bronze medal in the 5000 metres at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Boden was born on August 29, 1978 in Dresden, Sachsen, Germany (then part of East Germany).

At 23 years old, he competed in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, where he beat his personal best by 15 seconds to win a bronze in the 5000 meters. His time of 6:21.73 broke the world record, but Jochem Uytdehaage and Derek Parra also skated under the world record to win gold and silver respectively. Boden also finished fifth in the 10,000 meters at the same Olympics.

At the 2006 Winter Olympics, he finished 20th in the 5000 meters. Boden retired in 2007.

Speed skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres
The men's 5000 m speed skating competition was held on 11 February, the first day of competition at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. The American Chad Hedrick, a former inline skater, began his quest to emulate Eric Heiden by taking five gold medals by racing a time of 6:14.68, 0.02 second behind the four-year-old Olympic record of Jochem Uytdehaage, which was enough to clinch gold. Dutchman Sven Kramer won the silver medal, 1.72 seconds adrift, while home skater Enrico Fabris claimed Italy's first medal by skating home the bronze in the last pair.
Slidell, Louisiana
Slidell /slaɪˈdɛl/ is a city on the northeast shore of Lake Pontchartrain in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 28,781 at the 2020 census, making it the sixteenth-most populous city in Louisiana. It is part of the New Orleans−Metairie−Kenner metropolitan statistical area.

Interstate 10 in Louisiana
Interstate 10 (I-10), is a major transcontinental Interstate Highway in the Southern United States that runs across the southern part of Louisiana for 274.42 miles (441.64 km) from Texas to Mississippi. It passes through Lake Charles, Lafayette, and Baton Rouge, dips south of Lake Pontchartrain to serve the New Orleans metropolitan area, then crosses Lake Pontchartrain and goes into Mississippi.
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. Under-21s and Academy
The Brighton & Hove Albion Under-21s and Academy are the youth teams of Brighton & Hove Albion. The under-21 players play in the Premier League 2, the highest tier of under-21 team football in England. They also compete in the EFL Trophy, the National League Cup, the Premier League International Cup, the Sussex Senior Challenge Cup and the HKFC Soccer Sevens.The academy teams culminate with the under-18's squad, who compete in the U18 Premier League Division South, the FA Youth Cup and the U18 Premier League Cup.

In 2024 the under-21's won the HKFC Soccer Sevens, defeating Aston Villa 2–0 in the final. In 2025 the under-21's progressed to the final, but were beaten by 1–0 by Jong AZ after extra time.

2024 HKFC Soccer Sevens
2024 HKFC Soccer Sevens, officially known as The HKFC Standard Chartered Soccer Sevens due to sponsorship reasons, was the 21st edition and the 25-year anniversary edition of the HKFC Soccer Sevens tournament. It was the first edition of the tournament to have a women's competition.

Unlike with previous editions, which happened after the end of the domestic season, the 2024 edition took place during the final weekend of the 2023–24 Hong Kong Premier League season. A potential title-deciding match between Kitchee and Lee Man was scheduled for the same weekend as the Soccer Sevens, leading to those teams pulling out of the competition.
S&W Cafeteria
S&W Cafeteria was a Charlotte, North Carolina–based chain of cafeteria-style restaurants. The chain specialized in low-cost, Southern-style food. Branches were located in the Southeastern United States from Washington, D.C. to Atlanta, Georgia.

Cafeteria
A cafeteria, called canteen outside the U.S., is a type of food service location in which there is no waiting staff table service. Cafeterias are different from coffeehouses, although the English term came from the Spanish term cafetería, which carries the same meaning.

Instead of table service, there are food-serving counters/stalls or booths, either in a line or allowing arbitrary walking paths. Customers take the food that they desire as they walk along, placing it on a tray. In addition, there are often stations where customers order food, particularly items such as hamburgers or tacos.

Customers are either charged a flat rate for admission (as in a buffet) or pay at check-out for each item. Some self-service cafeterias charge by the weight of items on a customer's plate. In universities and colleges some students pay by making a single large payment for the entire academic term.
Pollyanna McIntosh
Pollyanna McIntosh (born 15 March 1979) is a Scottish actress and director known for her roles in films Exam (2009), The Woman (2011), Let Us Prey (2014), the first season of Joe R. Lansdale's Hap and Leonard (2016), and social issue horror film Darlin' (2019) which she wrote, directed and starred in. McIntosh also starred as Jadis in The Walking Dead franchise (2017–2024), Queen Ælfgifu of Denmark in the Netflix series Vikings: Valhalla (2022), and voices Kris in the Max adult animation series Scavengers Reign (2023).

Vikings: Valhalla
Vikings: Valhalla, or simply Valhalla, is a historical drama television series created by Jeb Stuart for Netflix that serves as a sequel to Vikings. The eight-episode first season premiered on February 25, 2022. With a 24-episode order announced in November 2019, the series was renewed for a second and third season in March 2022. The second season premiered on January 12, 2023. The third and final season premiered on July 11, 2024.
Rudolph IV, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
Rudolph IV, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (died 7 September 1510) was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau.

He was the fifth son of George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, as the fourth-born child of his fourth wife Anna, daughter of Albert VIII, Count of Lindau-Ruppin.

Anhalt-Dessau
Anhalt-Dessau was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and later a duchy of the German Confederation. Ruled by the House of Ascania, it was created in 1396 following the partition of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst, and finally merged into the re-united Duchy of Anhalt in 1863. The capital of the state was Dessau in present-day Saxony-Anhalt.
Ketagalan people
Ketagalan or Ketangalan (traditional Chinese: 凱達格蘭族; simplified Chinese: 凯达格兰族; pinyin: Kǎidágélán Zú) are a Taiwanese aboriginal people originating in what is now the Taipei Basin. Their language has now become extinct.

On 21 March 1996, the road in front of the Presidential Office Building was renamed from "Long Live Chiang Kai-shek" Road (介壽路) to Ketagalan Boulevard (凱達格蘭大道) by then-mayor of Taipei City, Chen Shui-bian, to commemorate the people. Traffic signs banning motorcycles and bicycles from that road were abolished at the same time.

Beitou District in Taipei City houses the Ketagalan Culture Center, a cultural center about the Ketagalan people.

Luilang language
Luilang, or ambiguously Ketagalan (Ketangalan, Tangalan; Chinese: 凱達格蘭語; pinyin: Kǎidágélányǔ), was a Formosan language spoken south of modern-day Taipei in northern Taiwan by one of several peoples that have been called Ketagalan. The language probably went extinct in the mid-20th century and it is very poorly attested.
Luke Brattan
Nathan Luke Brattan (born 8 March 1990) is an Australian professional football player who plays as a defensive midfielder for Macarthur FC and the Australia national team.

Born in England, Brattan moved to Australia at a young age, playing youth football for Rochedale Rovers and Queensland Lions before making his professional debut for Brisbane Roar. He spent several seasons with the Roar before leaving the club in 2015. He subsequently signed for Manchester City, spending the majority of his subsequent time on loan at partner club Melbourne City.

Brattan appeared several times for the Australian under-20 side and has been called up to the squad of the Australian senior side.

Rochedale Rovers FC
Rochedale Rovers are a semi-professional football club which plays at Underwood Park in Priestdale, Queensland, Australia and currently competes in the Queensland Premier League with senior and junior teams competing in both Football Queensland and Football Brisbane competitions.
Seneca River Crossing Canals Historic District
Seneca River Crossing Canals Historic District is a national historic district located at Montezuma and Tyre in Cayuga and Seneca Counties, New York.  The district includes more than a mile of the Enlarged Erie Canal prism (built here between 1849 and 1857); towpath and heelpath; a drydock; the remains of the Richmond (Montezuma) Aqueduct crossing the Seneca River; remnants of the original Erie Canal, built between 1817 and 1825 and including Lock #62 and piers of the original mule bridge from that era; and a culvert that carries a stream beneath the Enlarged Erie Canal.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Montezuma, New York
Montezuma is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 1,277 at the 2010 census.

Located along the Seneca River, the Town is at the western border of Cayuga County and is northwest of Auburn. The Erie Canal was built through here, bringing new commerce, as did the railroad. National and state historic districts have been designated as related to the canal period, as well as national and state wildlife areas to preserve natural resources of the remaining areas of the Montezuma Swamp. Once one of the largest wetlands areas in the Northeast, it extended between the northern end of Cayuga Lake and almost reached the southern end of Lake Ontario.
Charles Awotwi Pratt
Charles Awotwi Pratt was a Ghanaian theologian and priest. He served as the fourth chairman of the Methodist Church Ghana from 1977 to 1981. He was the father of the Titus Awotwi Pratt, the Presiding Bishop of the Methodist Church Ghana from 2014 to 2018.

Titus Awotwi Pratt
Titus Awotwi Pratt is a Ghanaian educationist and minister. He was the Presiding Bishop of the Methodist Church Ghana. He has served as the head of the Methodist Church in The Gambia as well as the Bishop of Accra. He spent the early years of his ministry as an assistant minister at Roundhay Methodist Church in Leeds, United Kingdom.
The Woman in 47
The Woman in 47, reissued as The Mysterious Woman, is a 1916 silent film directed by George Irving for Equitable Motion Picture Company and Frohman Amusement Corporation. It was filmed at Peerless Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey.

The cast includes Alice Brady, William Raymond, Jack Sherrill, Etta De Groff, Ralph Dean and John Warwick (American actor). The story was by Frederick Chapin. The New Brunswick Times ran a review of the "photoplay".

Equitable Motion Picture Corporation
Equitable Motion Picture Company was a short-lived but influential silent film company. It was launched in 1915. It was headed by Arthur Spiegel. It distributed its films through William A. Brady's World Film Company.  It was  acquired by World Film in 1916, with the agreement signed on January 29, 1916, afterwards it was consolidated under Brady's control.

In 1915 the startup film company signed Margarita Fischer and Harry Pollard, and also signed Clara Kimball Young It took over the Horsley (David Horsley) studio in Bayonne, New Jersey.

Cinematographer William C. Foster worked for Equitable.
Krośnica, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Krośnica [krɔɕˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krościenko nad Dunajcem, within Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

Gmina Krościenko nad Dunajcem
Gmina Krościenko nad Dunajcem is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, on the Slovak border. Its seat is the village of Krościenko nad Dunajcem, which lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Nowy Targ and 78 km (48 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 57.27 square kilometres (22.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,465.
English Mastiff
The English Mastiff, or simply the Mastiff, is a British breed of very large dog of mastiff type. It is likely descended from the ancient Alaunt and Pugnaces Britanniae, with a significant input from the Alpine Mastiff in the 19th century. Distinguished by its enormous size, massive head, short coat in a limited range of colours, and always displaying a black mask, the Mastiff is noted for its gentle and loving nature. The lineage of modern dogs can be traced back to the early 19th century, but the modern type was stabilised in the 1880s and refined since. Following a period of sharp decline, the Mastiff has increased its worldwide popularity.  Throughout its history the Mastiff has contributed to the development of a number of dog breeds, some generally known as mastiff-type dogs or, confusingly, just as "mastiffs". It is the largest living canine, outweighing the wolf by up to 50 kg (110 lbs) on average.

Gastric dilatation volvulus
Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), also known as gastric dilation, twisted stomach, or gastric torsion, is a medical condition that affects dogs and rarely cats and guinea pigs, in which the stomach becomes overstretched and rotated by excessive gas content. The condition also involves compression of the  diaphragm and caudal vena cavae. The word bloat is often used as a general term to mean gas distension without stomach torsion (a normal change after eating), or to refer to GDV.

GDV is a life-threatening condition in dogs that requires prompt treatment. It is common in certain breeds; deep-chested and large dog breeds are especially at risk. Mortality rates in dogs range from 10 to 60%, even with treatment. With surgery, the mortality rate is 15 to 33 percent.