hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Obama administration
The Barack Obama administration's involvement in the Middle East was greatly varied between the region's various countries. Some nations, such as Libya and Syria, were the subject of offensive action at the hands of the Obama administration, while nations such as Bahrain and Saudi Arabia received arms deliveries. Notable achievements of the administration include inhibiting the Iranian nuclear program, while his handling of certain situations, such as the Syrian civil war, were highly criticized.

A New Beginning (speech)
"A New Beginning" was the name of a speech delivered by United States President Barack Obama on 4 June 2009, from the Major Reception Hall at Cairo University in Egypt. Al-Azhar University co-hosted the event. The speech honored a promise Obama made during his 2008 presidential campaign to give a major address to Muslims from a Muslim capital during his first few months as president.

White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs indicated that Egypt was chosen because "it is a country that in many ways represents the heart of the Arab world." Egypt is considered a key player in the Middle East peace process as well as a major recipient of American military and economic aid. Reuters reporter Ross Colvin reported that the speech would attempt to mend the United States' relations with the Muslim world, which he wrote were "severely damaged" during the presidency of George W. Bush.
2024–25 Liga 4 North Sumatra
The 2024–25 Liga 4 North Sumatra was the inaugural season of Liga 4 North Sumatra after the change in the structure of Indonesian football competition and serves as a qualifying round for the national phase of the 2024–25 Liga 4. The competition is organised by the North Sumatra Provincial PSSI Association.

2024–25 Liga 4
The 2024–25 Liga 4 was the inaugural season of the Liga 4, a football league newly established by the PSSI as the fourth tier in the current league system, and the only amateur competition within the structure. The competition is organized by the PSSI Provincial Associations during the provincial phase and by the PSSI during the national phase.

Tri Brata Rafflesia won their first national trophy in the club history, after defeating Persika Karanganyar in the final match.
Sirtex
Sirtex Medical Limited is a medical device firm that offers radioactive treatment for inoperable liver cancer called SIR-Spheres microspheres. Sirtex was founded in 1997 in Australia and today has offices and production facilities in the U.S., Australia, Germany, and Singapore. Following its acquisition by China Grand Pharmaceutical and CDH Genetech, Sirtex delisted from the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX:SRX) on Monday, September 24, 2018.

The company is currently headed by Kevin R. Smith, who was appointed as CEO on October 16, 2019.

Microparticle
Microparticles are particles between 0.1 and 100 μm in size. Commercially available microparticles are available in a wide variety of materials, including ceramics, glass, polymers, and metals. Microparticles encountered in daily life include pollen, sand, dust, flour, and powdered sugar. The study of microparticles has been called micromeritics, although this term is not very common.

Microparticles have a much larger surface-to-volume ratio than at the macroscale, and thus their behavior can be quite different. For example, metal microparticles can be explosive in air.

Microspheres are spherical microparticles, and are used where consistent and predictable particle surface area is important.

In biological systems, a microparticle is synonymous with a microvesicle, a type of extracellular vesicle (EV).
YS Raja Reddy Stadium
YS Raja Reddy Cricket Stadium is a cricket stadium in Cuddapah, Andhra Pradesh. The stadium is located at Putlampalle, 10 km from the heart of Kadapa city. The stadium was built at a cost of Rs. 8 crores on an area of 10.50 acres of land and has a seating capacity of 15,000.

The ground has all facilities to host first-class matches and has an 85-yard boundary. YS Raja Reddy-Andhra Cricket Association stadium was initiative of former Chief Minister YS Rajasekhara Reddy, whose family is reported to have donated Rs.50 lakhs for the stadium. There is also a residential academy of Andhra Cricket Association with various facilities.

Kadapa
Kadapa is a city in the southern part of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the Rayalaseema region, and is the district headquarters of YSR Kadapa district. It is located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the Penna River. The city is surrounded on three sides by the Nallamala and Palkonda Hills lying on the tectonic landscape between the Eastern and Western ghats. Black and red ferrous soils occupy the region. The city is nicknamed "Gadapa" ('threshold') since it is the gateway from the west to the hills of Tirumala.

Kadapa has been under different rulers in its history, including the Cholas, the Vijayanagara Empire and the Kingdom of Mysore.
Joseph N. Carter
Joseph Newton Carter (March 12, 1843 – February 6, 1913) was an American attorney and politician from Kentucky, United States. He spent most of his life in Quincy, Illinois, where he was a partner in a successful law practice. Carter was elected to two terms in the Illinois House of Representatives starting in 1878. He was elected to the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1894, serving one nine-year term.

Quincy, Illinois
Quincy (/ˈkwɪnsi/ KWIN-see) is a city in Adams County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located on the Mississippi River, the population was 39,463 as of the 2020 census, down from 40,633 in 2010. The Quincy micropolitan area had 114,649 residents.

Known as Illinois's "Gem City", Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river during the 19th century. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century.
Belita Moreno
Aurabela "Belita" Moreno (born November 1, 1949) is an American actress best known for her roles as Benita "Benny" Lopez on the ABC sitcom George Lopez and Edwina Twinkacetti and Lydia Markham on Perfect Strangers.

George Lopez (TV series)
George Lopez, commonly referred to as The George Lopez Show, is an American sitcom created by George Lopez, Bruce Helford and Robert Borden, which originally aired for six seasons, consisting of 120 episodes, on ABC from March 27, 2002, to May 8, 2007. Helford and Borden also serve as showrunners and are executive producers. The series stars Lopez as a fictionalized version of himself, featuring his professional and personal lives in Los Angeles, California.
Clay Sampson
Clay Sampson (born 24 February 1976) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL) and the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Sampson debuted for South Adelaide in 1994 before being drafted and going on to play 64 AFL games at three AFL clubs.

He returned to South Adelaide in 2001, before officially retiring in 2008. He was appointed Assistant Coach at the start of the 2008 season, before being thrust into the head coaching position, when John "Jack" Cahill resigned midway through the season. Sampson was appointed until the end of the 2009 season, finishing with a 4–28 win–loss record.

Sampson now coaches Myponga-Sellicks Football Club in the Great Southern Football League.

South Adelaide Football Club
The South Adelaide Football Club, nicknamed the Panthers, is an Australian rules football club based in the Adelaide suburb of Noarlunga Downs. The club competes in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) with Magain Stadium as its home ground.

The Panthers have won 11 senior men's premierships, their last being in 1964. The club is a dominant force in women's football, having won a record four women's league premierships, including back-to-back triumphs in 2018-2019 and 2024-2025.

South Adelaide Football Club is the owner of South Adelaide Netball Club and South Adelaide Volleyball Club, with all three clubs now under the Panthers brand. The partnership between these clubs is seen as an initiative to establish South Adelaide as the sporting hub for the southern community.
San Martín Monument, Neuquén
The General San Martín Monument  (Spanish: Monumento al General San Martín), located in the city center of Neuquén, Argentina, is a memorial built to commemorate Argentinian general José de San Martín. The monument is constituted by a bronx-made equestrian statue of San Martín, mounted on a pedestal.

After a statue of San Martín was commissioned by Argentina to be placed in the city of Buenos Aires, several provinces of the country requested replicas to be placed on their capital cities. In 1950, the city of Neuquén created a commission to erect the city's monument. The commission resolved to locate the statue on the city center, and hired an Italian company to build the pedestal.

The monument was inaugurated on the city's 50th anniversary, September 12, 1954. In 2014, after repeated acts of vandalism, the structure of the monument was reformed. A waterfall was added to the four sides of the pedestal with a fountain on the bottom to prevent the memorial be painted.

Neuquén
Neuquén (Spanish pronunciation: [newˈken]; Mapudungun: Nehuenken) is the capital city of the Argentine province of Neuquén and of the Confluencia Department within that province, located in the extreme east of the province. It occupies a strip of land west of the confluence of the Limay and Neuquén rivers which form the Río Negro, making it part of the ecoregion of Alto Valle del Río Negro. The city had 287,787 inhabitants, and the surrounding Neuquén – Plottier – Cipolletti conurbation had a population of more than 500,000 at the 2022 Census, making it the largest urban agglomeration in Patagonia.

Founded in 1904, it is the newest provincial capital city in Argentina.
Joshua Wilson (Maryland politician)
Joshua Wilson (January 29, 1797 – March 27, 1885) was an American politician and physician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County from 1860 to 1861 and 1865 to 1867.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.
Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1686–1700 was part of the joint European effort to confront the Ottoman Empire. The larger European conflict was known as the Great Turkish War.

The Russo-Turkish War began after the Tsardom of Russia joined the European anti-Turkish coalition (Habsburg monarchy, Poland–Lithuania, Venice) in 1686, after Poland-Lithuania agreed to recognize Russian incorporation of Kiev and the left bank of Ukraine.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
Union Church (Round Pond, Maine)
The Union Church, also known locally as the Little Brown Church, is a historic church on Maine State Route 32 in Round Pond, a village of Bristol, Maine.  Built in 1853, it is a distinctive local example of Carpenter Gothic architecture, and one of the few of this type of church in the entire state.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Bristol, Maine
Bristol, known from 1632 to 1765 as Pemaquid (/ˈpɛməkwɪd/; today a village within the town), is a town in Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,834 at the 2020 census. A fishing and resort area, Bristol includes the villages of New Harbor, Pemaquid, Round Pond, Bristol Mills and Chamberlain.  It includes the Pemaquid Archeological Site, a U.S. National Historic Landmark. During the 17th and early 18th century, New France defined the Kennebec River as the southern boundary of Acadia, which put Bristol within Acadia. The village was called Pemquit by the French.
Television in Cape Verde
Television was introduced to Cape Verde in 1984, although television experiments have been conducted before that point. For over twenty years, there was only one national television channel, Televisão de Cabo Verde, first known as TEVEC, later TNCV and RTC. Excluding relays of RTP África and TV5MONDE Afrique, the television monopoly was broken in 2007 with the opening of Record Cabo Verde, followed by Televisão Independente de Cabo Verde (TIVER).

Analog transmissions ceased in 2021. The country is served by a digital terrestrial platform owned by Cabo Verde Broadcast that delivers ten channels, including four foreign channels, two of them French (TV5MONDE and France 24) and another two Portuguese (RTP África and RTP Notícias). Alou and Unitel T+ operate subscription television services.

RTP Notícias
RTP Notícias is a Portuguese free-to-air television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP). It is the company's all-news television channel, and is known for its 24-hour rolling news service and its live coverage of breaking news.

It was launched on 15 October 2001. Since then, it has been renamed several times, from NTV, RTPN, RTP Informação, RTP3 until to its currently known name, RTP Notícias. It is available on basic cable, satellite and, since 2016, terrestrial television.

Unlike the other national RTP channels, the continuity and playout of the channel is handled at the Monte da Virgem studios, near Porto.
Balaka Central East Constituency
Balaka Central East Constituency is a constituency for the National Assembly of Malawi, located in the Balaka District of Malawi's Southern Region. It is one of the 4 constituencies in the district that elects one member of parliament by the first past the post system.

The constituency has several wards, all electing councilors for the Balaka District. In 2009, the member of parliament who represented the constituency was Yaumi Aufi Mpaweni.

National Assembly (Malawi)
The National Assembly of Malawi is the supreme legislative body of the nation. It is situated on Capital Hill, Lilongwe along Presidential Way. The National Assembly alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in Malawi. At its head is the Speaker of the House who is elected by their peers. Since October 29, 2025, the Speaker is Sameer Suleman.

The 1994 Constitution provided for a Senate, but Parliament repealed it. Malawi therefore has a unicameral legislature in practice. The National Assembly has 229 members of Parliament (MPs) who are directly elected in single-member constituencies using the simple majority (or first-past-the-post) system and serve five-year terms.
Kadri Veseli
Kadri Veseli (born 31 May 1967) is a Kosovo Albanian politician, former chairman of the Assembly of Kosovo and the Kosovo Intelligence Service. He is the leader of the Democratic Party of Kosovo. Veseli was one of the founders and leaders of the Kosovo Liberation Army. He also was the chief of the Kosovo Intelligence Service, a post-war state intelligence organisation.
In 2020, he was indicted for war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Kosovo War.

Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo
The Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Kuvendi i Republikës së Kosovës; Serbian: Скупштина Републике Косово, Skupština Republike Kosovo), also known as the Kuvendi, is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Kosovo. It is directly elected by the people every four years. It was originally established by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 2001 to provide 'provisional, democratic self-government'. On 17 February 2008, representatives of the people of Kosovo unilaterally declared Kosovo's independence and subsequently adopted the Constitution of Kosovo, which came into effect on 15 June 2008.
St Joseph's, Fairview
St Joseph's, Fairview, sometimes St Joseph's C.B.S., and previously St Joseph's Secondary Christian Brothers' School, is a co-educational secondary school in Fairview, Dublin, Ireland, having been boys-only until 2023. The school was in the patronage of the Irish Christian Brothers; the patron is now the Edmund Rice Schools Trust.

Congregation of Christian Brothers
The Congregation of Christian Brothers (Latin: Congregatio Fratrum Christianorum; abbreviated CFC) is a worldwide religious community within the Catholic Church, founded by Edmund Rice.

Their first school opened in Waterford, Ireland, in 1802. At the time of its foundation, though much relieved from the harshest of the Penal Laws by the Relief Acts, Catholics faced much discrimination throughout the newly created United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland pending full Catholic emancipation in 1829.

This congregation is sometimes referred to as simply "the Christian Brothers", leading to confusion with the De La Salle Brothers—also known as the Christian Brothers, sometimes by Lasallian organisations themselves. As such, Rice's congregation is sometimes called the Irish Christian Brothers or the Edmund Rice Christian Brothers.
Never Let Go (2024 film)
Never Let Go is a 2024 American survival horror film directed by Alexandre Aja. The film stars Halle Berry, Percy Daggs IV, and Anthony B. Jenkins. The film follows a mother and her twin sons living in total isolation in a remote cabin.

Never Let Go premiered at the Regal Times Square in New York City on September 16, 2024, and was released in the United States by Lionsgate on September 20, 2024.

Lionsgate Films
Lionsgate Films, previously spelled as Lions Gate and formerly known as Cinépix Film Properties, is a Canadian-American film production and distribution company founded in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on June 15, 1962. Headquartered in Santa Monica, California, it is owned by Lionsgate Studios since May 14, 2024.

Lionsgate is the second-largest and most successful mini-major film studio in North America. The studio focuses on foreign and independent films and has distributed various commercially successful film franchises, including Saw, The Hunger Games, Rambo, Divergent, The Punisher, John Wick, Madea, Blair Witch, Now You See Me, Hostel, The Expendables, Sinister, The Twilight Saga, Step Up, and Den of Thieves.
2023 Virginia Cessna Citation crash
On June 4, 2023, a privately operated Cessna 560 Citation V carrying three passengers and a pilot crashed at approximately 3:23 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) in the George Washington National Forest, Virginia, United States, killing the occupants, after the crew had been found unresponsive.: 2  The plane had previously entered the no-fly zone over Washington, D.C., and was intercepted by F-16 fighter jets before it crashed. The final report by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), released on May 13, 2025, concluded the crew and passengers lost consciousness due to a depressurization of undetermined origin.

George Washington and Jefferson National Forests
The George Washington and Jefferson National Forests is an administrative entity combining two U.S. National Forests into one of the largest areas of public land in the Eastern United States. The forests cover 1.8 million acres (2,800 sq mi; 730,000 ha) of land in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky.  Approximately 1 million acres (1,600 sq mi; 400,000 ha) of the forest are remote and undeveloped and 139,461 acres (218 sq mi; 56,438 ha) have been designated as wilderness areas, which prohibits future development.
Orient-Macksburg High School
Orient-Macksburg High School was a rural public high school located in Orient, Iowa, United States, part of the Orient-Macksburg Community School District. Their mascot is the Bulldog.

As of June 11, 2024, the School Board voted to dissolve the school district. Reasons cited were low enrollment, staffing issues, and financial shortfalls. Students in the district will attend Nodaway Valley Community School District beginning in fall 2025.

Nodaway Valley Community School District
41°18′42″N 94°27′53″W﻿ / ﻿41.311714°N 94.464702°W﻿ / 41.311714; -94.464702

Nodaway Valley Community School District is a school district headquartered in Greenfield, Iowa, in the southwest of the state.

It serves sections of Adair County, with small sections of Madison County. It serves Greenfield, Bridgewater, and Fontanelle.

The district covers 283 square miles (730 km2).
Letts nitrile synthesis
The Letts nitrile synthesis is a chemical reaction of aromatic carboxylic acids with metal thiocyanates to form nitriles. The reaction includes the loss of carbon dioxide and potassium hydrosulfide. The polar basic substitution reaction was discovered in 1872 by Edmund A. Letts.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
After School Dice Club
After School Dice Club (Japanese: 放課後さいころ倶楽部, Hepburn: Hōkago Saikoro Kurabu) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hirō Nakamichi. It focuses on a group of teenage girls and their efforts to set up a board game café. It was serialized in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Monthly Shōnen Sunday from March 2013 to June 2021, with its chapters collected in nineteen tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by Liden Films aired from October to December 2019.

Liden Films
Liden Films, Inc. (株式会社ライデンフィルム, Kabushiki-gaisha Raiden Firumu; stylized as LIDENFILMS) is a Japanese animation studio and production enterprise headquartered in Kamiogi, Suginami, Tokyo, and has animation studios in Kyoto and Osaka.
Phyllaplysia taylori
Phyllaplysia taylori, synonym Phyllaplysia zostericola, common names the "eelgrass sea hare" and "Taylor's sea hare", is a species of sea slug, specifically a sea hare, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Aplysiidae, the sea hares.

Some authors place this genus in a separate family, Dolabriferidae.

A more general description of sea hares can be found on the page of the superfamily Aplysioidea.

Aplysiida
The order Aplysiida, commonly known as sea hares (Aplysia species and related genera), are medium-sized to very large opisthobranch gastropod molluscs with a soft internal shell made of protein. These are marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamilies Aplysioidea and Akeroidea.

The common name "sea hare" is a direct translation from Latin: lepus marinus, as the animal's existence was known in Roman times. The name derives from their rounded shape and from the two long rhinophores that project upward from their heads and that somewhat resemble the ears of a hare.