hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4 21 polytope
In 8-dimensional geometry, the 421 is a semiregular uniform 8-polytope, constructed within the symmetry of the E8 group. It was discovered by Thorold Gosset, published in his 1900 paper. He called it an 8-ic semi-regular figure.

Its Coxeter symbol is 421, describing its bifurcating Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, with a single ring on the end of the 4-node sequences, .

The rectified 421 is constructed by points at the mid-edges of the 421. The birectified 421 is constructed by points at the triangle face centers of the 421. The trirectified 421 is constructed by points at the tetrahedral centers of the 421.

These polytopes are part of a family of 255 = 28 − 1 convex uniform 8-polytopes, made of uniform 7-polytope facets and vertex figures, defined by all permutations of one or more rings in this Coxeter-Dynkin diagram: .

Coxeter–Dynkin diagram
In geometry, a Coxeter–Dynkin diagram (or Coxeter diagram, Coxeter graph) is a graph with numerically labeled edges (called branches) representing a Coxeter group or sometimes a uniform polytope or uniform tiling constructed from the group.

A class of closely related objects is the Dynkin diagrams, which differ from Coxeter diagrams in two respects: firstly, branches labeled "4" or greater are directed, while Coxeter diagrams are undirected; secondly, Dynkin diagrams must satisfy an additional (crystallographic) restriction, namely that the only allowed branch labels are 2, 3, 4, and 6. Dynkin diagrams correspond to and are used to classify root systems and therefore semisimple Lie algebras.
Steven Taylor (Doctor Who)
Steven Taylor is a fictional character played by Peter Purves in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. A space pilot from Earth in the future, he was a companion of the First Doctor and a regular in the programme from 1965 to 1966. Steven appeared in 10 stories (45 episodes).

Ian Chesterton
Ian Chesterton is a fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who and a companion of the First Doctor. He was played in the series by William Russell and was one of the members of the programme's first regular cast, appearing in much of the first two seasons from 1963 to 1965. In a film adaptation of one of the serials, Dr. Who and the Daleks (1965), he was played by Roy Castle, but with a very different personality and backstory. Ian appeared in 16 stories and 77 episodes. He later returned for a cameo appearance, played once again by Russell, in the 2022 episode "The Power of the Doctor".
Wildfire (Silver Dollar City)
Wildfire is a steel roller coaster located at Silver Dollar City in Branson, Missouri. Manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard, the $14-million ride opened to the public on April 4, 2001. It is themed as a flying machine developed by a fictional 1880s Ozark inventor.

Wildfire stands 120 feet (37 m) tall with a drop of 155 feet (47 m) and features a maximum speed of 66 mph (106 km/h). Along its 3,073 feet (937 m) of track, riders experience five inversions including an Immelmann loop, a vertical loop, a cobra roll, and a corkscrew.

Silver Dollar City
Silver Dollar City is a 61-acre (25 ha) theme park in Stone County, Missouri, near the cities of Branson and Branson West.  The park is located off of Missouri Route 76 on the Indian Point peninsula of Table Rock Lake. Silver Dollar City opened on May 1, 1960. The park is an 1880s-themed experience. Silver Dollar City's operating season runs from mid-March until early January, with the park closed during the majority of January and February. Silver Dollar City is owned by Herschend.
Vidyasagar College
Vidyasagar College is a state government-aided public college, located in North Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The college offers both post-graduate and under-graduate courses in a number of subjects of arts and science. Founded in 1872, it was the first private college (now governmental) in India which was purely run, maintained and financed by Indians. Formerly known as Metropolitan Institution, it was named after its founder Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar in 1917.

The college is affiliated to Calcutta University, under UGC and accredited by NAAC. It follows semester based CBCS system. The college does not participate in NIRF ranking in college category. The college was a part of DBT STAR College Scheme. The college receives funding from State Government, UGC (via CU) and other GOI-affiliated institutes or schemes i.e RUSA, ICSSR, AICTE and NIEIT.

National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology
National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), formerly known as the Department of Electronics and Accreditation of Computer Classes Society (DOEACC Society), is a Deemed University and scientific society that offers Information Technology and Electronics training at different levels. It is an autonomous body under the administrative control of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. NIELIT currently has 56 centers across the country, with its headquarters at New Delhi.

The origins of NIELIT can be traced back to 1974 when the Department of Electronics (DoE) and the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India, with assistance from the Swiss Development Corporation, established the first Centre for Electronic Design and Technology at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore. The primary objective was to bridge the gap between academic institutions and the industry by providing specialized training in electronics design.
Shneur Kotler
Yosef Chaim Shneur Kotler (1918 – 24 June 1982) was an Ashkenazi Orthodox rabbi from the Lithuanian movement and rosh yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha (also known as the Lakewood Yeshiva) in Lakewood, New Jersey, from 1962 to 1982. During his tenure, he developed the Lithuanian-style, Haredi but non-Hasidic yeshiva into the largest post-graduate Torah institution in the world. He also established Lakewood-style kollels in 30 cities, and pioneered the establishment of community kollels in which Torah scholars study during the morning and afternoon hours and engage in community outreach during the evenings. Upon his death, he had served as the Lakewood rosh yeshiva for exactly the same amount of time as had his father, Rabbi Aharon Kotler, the founding rosh yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha: nineteen years, seven months, and one day.

Kollel
A kollel (also kolel) (Hebrew: כולל \ כּוֹלֵל, kólel, pl. כוללים \ כּוֹלְלִים‎, kolelím, a "gathering" or "collection" [of scholars]) is an institute for full-time, advanced study of the Talmud and rabbinic literature. Like a yeshiva, a kollel features shiurim (lectures) and learning sedarim (sessions); unlike most yeshivot, the student body of a kollel typically consists mostly of married men. A kollel generally pays a regular monthly stipend to its members.
Laskay, Ontario
Laskay is an unincorporated rural community in King Township, York Regional Municipality, Ontario, Canada.
It is west of King City and Highway 400, and south of the King Road—Weston Road intersection.

The settlement was named by Joseph Baldwin, and was named after his hometown Loskie in Yorkshire, England. The community has also been known as "Bulltown", a nickname it acquired after a fall fair in which a bull broke loose from its enclosure and charged the patrons.

Several of the original buildings in the community have been moved to other locations. The Laskay Emporium, built in 1856, was moved to Black Creek Pioneer Village on 19 February 1960. In August 2017, Laskay Hall was moved from its original site to the grounds of the King Township Museum in King City.

King City, Ontario
King City is an unincorporated Canadian community in the township of King, Ontario, located 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Toronto. It is the largest community in King township, with 2,730 dwellings and a population of 8,396 as of the 2021 Canadian census.
SD Noja
Sociedad Deportiva Noja is a Spanish football team based in Noja, in the autonomous community of Cantabria. Founded in 1963, it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 3, holding home games at Estadio La Caseta, with a capacity of 3,000 seats.

Tercera Federación
Tercera Federación, previously known as Tercera RFEF, is the fifth tier of the Spanish football league system. It is below the La Liga, Segunda División, and its fellow semi-professional divisions Primera Federación and Segunda Federación. It was founded in 1929 as the third tier, and dropped down to the fourth and fifth tiers in 1977 and 2021, respectively.
Lianhuashan Park
Lianhuashan Park (Chinese: 莲花山公园; pinyin: Liánhuāshān Gōngyuán; lit. 'Lotus Hill Park') is a hill and urban park in Shenzhen, China, inaugurated in 1997. It is located at the northern end of the Futian Central Business District and covers an area of 150 hectares (370 acres). It is within walking distance from Children's Palace Station of the Shenzhen Metro.

Futian, Shenzhen
Futian District (simplified Chinese: 福田区; traditional Chinese: 福田區; pinyin: Fútián Qū; Jyutping: fuk1tin4 keoi1) is one of the nine districts comprising the city of Shenzhen, China. The district is home to the government and Municipal Committee of Shenzhen, as well as one of the city's central business district (CBD).
1984 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Democratic nomination for vice president of the United States in the 1984 election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale won the 1984 Democratic nomination for president of the United States, and chose New York Representative Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate. Ferraro was the first woman to be a part of a national ticket for a major party. Mondale chose Ferraro in hopes of energizing the base and winning the votes of women, but also because he viewed her as a solid legislator who had won the approval of Speaker Tip O'Neill. If elected, she would have been the first female vice president but the feat would later be accomplished by Kamala Harris in 2020. The Mondale–Ferraro ticket ultimately lost to the Reagan–Bush ticket. Until 2024, this was the last time the Democratic vice presidential nominee was neither the incumbent vice president nor a senator.

1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From February 20 to June 12, 1984, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1984 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19, 1984, in San Francisco, California.
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research
The Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) (Greek: Ελληνικό Κέντρο Θαλάσσιων Ερευνών, ΕΛ.ΚΕ.ΘΕ.) is a Greek governmental research organisation, focusing on various fields of marine science. It is operating multiple facilities across Greece, which include scientific laboratories, public aquaria and experimental tanks. It also owns three research vessels, a crewed submersible and several Remotely Operated Vehicles for underwater exploration. Additionally, its activities encompass conservation projects and educational programs for the public.

Public aquarium
A public aquarium (pl. aquaria; or public water zoo) is the aquatic equivalent of a zoo, which houses living aquatic animal and plant specimens for public viewing. Most public aquariums feature tanks larger than those kept by home aquarists, as well as smaller tanks.

Since the first public aquariums were built in the mid-19th century, they have become popular and their numbers have increased. Most modern accredited aquariums stress conservation issues and educating the public.
Complete Studio Album Collection
Complete Studio Album Collection is a  box set by English rock band Oasis, released on 22 August 2025. Consisting of all seven studio albums from the band's original 1991 to 2009 timeline, alongside the 1998 B-sides compilation The Masterplan, it was announced one week after the band announced the 30th anniversary edition of (What's the Story) Morning Glory?, its release also coinciding with the band's Oasis Live '25 reunion tour.

The Masterplan (album)
The Masterplan is a compilation album by the English rock band Oasis. It was released on 2 November 1998 by Creation Records and was the band's final release through the label. The album comprises B-sides that the band had not previously included on an album. Initially intended for release only in regions such as the United States and Japan where the tracks were previously available only on expensive European-import singles, The Masterplan reached number 2 in the UK, where it initially went platinum, and number 51 in the United States. However, it reached the Top 20 in various charts worldwide, selling 3 million copies. It has since been certified triple platinum in the UK. Four songs from the album appear on the 2006 compilation album Stop the Clocks.
Diosmin
Diosmin (diosmetin 7-O-rutinoside), a flavone glycoside of diosmetin, is manufactured from citrus fruit peels as a phlebotonic non-prescription dietary supplement used to aid treatment of hemorrhoids or chronic venous diseases, mainly of the legs.

Peel (fruit)
Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. The rind is usually the botanical exocarp, but the term exocarp also includes the hard cases of nuts, which are not named peels since they are not peeled off by hand or peeler, but rather shells because of their hardness.

A fruit with a thick peel, such as a citrus fruit, is called a hesperidium. In hesperidia, the inner layer (also called albedo or, among non-botanists, pith) is peeled off together with the outer layer (called flavedo), and together they are called the peel. The flavedo and albedo, respectively, are the exocarp and the mesocarp. The juicy layer inside the peel (containing the seeds) is the  endocarp.
Systems-oriented design
Systems-oriented design (SOD) uses system thinking in order to capture the complexity of systems addressed in design practice. The main mission of SOD is to build the designers' own interpretation and implementation of systems thinking. SOD aims at enabling systems thinking to fully benefit from design thinking and practice and design thinking and practice to fully benefit from systems thinking. SOD addresses design for human activity systems and can be applied to any kind of design problem ranging from product design and interaction design through architecture to decision-making processes and policy design.

SOD is a variation in the pluralistic field of Systemic Design. It is one of the most practice and design-oriented versions of relating and merging systems thinking and design.

Systems thinking
Systems thinking is a way of making sense of the complexity of the world by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than by splitting it down into its parts. It has been used as a way of exploring and developing effective action in complex contexts, enabling systems change. Systems thinking draws on and contributes to systems theory and the system sciences.
Bristol and Exeter Railway locomotives
The Bristol and Exeter Railway locomotives worked trains on the Bristol and Exeter Railway from 1 May 1849 until the railway was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1876.

The Great Western Railway had leased the Bristol and Exeter Railway from its opening and provided the locomotives up until 1849.

The Bristol and Exeter Railway in turn provided the broad gauge locomotive power on most of the railways with which it had junctions:

Bristol and Portishead Port and Pier Railway

Somerset Central Railway

West Somerset Railway and Minehead Railway

Devon and Somerset Railway

Exeter and Crediton Railway

Bristol and Exeter Railway 4-2-2 locomotives
The 20 Bristol and Exeter Railway 4-2-2 locomotives were broad gauge 4-2-2 express steam locomotives built for the Bristol and Exeter Railway by the Stothert and Slaughter in Bristol. The first entered service in 1849. The Bristol and Exeter Railway was amalgamated into the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1876 and eight 4-2-2s survived at this time, the last being withdrawn in 1889.

Three of the infamous 4-2-4T locomotives were rebuilt by the Great Western Railway in 1877 as 4-2-2 tender locomotives.
Bulgarian toponyms in Antarctica (Y)
Yablanitsa Glacier, Smith Island

Yagodina Knoll, Trinity Peninsula

Yakoruda Glacier, Greenwich Island

Yambol Peak, Livingston Island

Yamen Glacier, Sentinel Range

Yamforina Cove, Oscar II Coast

Yana Point, Livingston Island

Yankov Gap, Livingston Island

Yantra Cove, Livingston Island

Yarebitsa Cove, Smith Island

Yarlovo Nunatak, Trinity Peninsula

Yasen Point, Livingston Island

Yastreb Island, Wilhelm Archipelago

Yato Rocks, Wilhelm Archipelago

Yatrus Promontory, Trinity Peninsula

Yavorov Peak, Livingston Island

Yoglav Crag, Trinity Peninsula

Yordanov Nunatak, Oscar II Coast

Yordanov Island, South Orkney Islands

Yovkov Point, Greenwich Island

Yozola Glacier, Alexander Island

Yrvind Island, Nelson Island

Yunak Peak, Brabant Island

Yundola Cove, Robert Island

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
Malebogo Molefhe
Malebogo Molefhe (born c. 1980) is a Motswana basketball player who became an activist against gender based violence after being shot eight times. In 2017, she received an International Women of Courage Award.

Gender-related violence
Gender-related violence or gender-based violence (GBV) refers to any kind of violence directed against people due to their gender or gender identification, culture may have a role to play, being lower in egalitarianism societies and higher, sexist (misogynistic and misandrist) societies.

In ancient text are mentioned many acts of violence against other people, particularly towards women due the fact that were seen as weaker and less defensive members of the societies, and due the lack of a legislation that protect them against harm doers.
Lakuen
"Lakuen" (Japanese: 楽園, Hepburn: Rakuen, "Paradise"), stylised as "LAKuEN", is a song by Japanese singer Ken Hirai. It was released on January 19, 2000 as his eighth single, and became his biggest hit since his debut in 1995.

Ken Hirai
Ken Hirai (平井 堅, Hirai Ken, born January 17, 1972) is a Japanese singer-songwriter. Since his debut, Hirai has worked as a model, actor, composer, lyricist, singer, and brand ambassador.

During his career, Hirai has released forty-seven singles and eleven studio albums as of January 2024. According to Oricon, his single Hitomi o Tojite (Close Your Eyes) became the best-selling single of 2004 in Japan, while his compilation album Ken Hirai 10th Anniversary Complete Single Collection '95–'05 "Utabaka" became the best-selling album of 2006 in Japan.
Lysovychi
Lysovychi  (Ukrainian: Лисо́вичі) is a village in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. It belongs to Morshyn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Local government is administered by Lysovytska village council.

Stryi Raion
Stryi Raion (Ukrainian: Стрийський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Stryi. Population: 319,464 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of Ukraine's administrative reform, the number of raions in Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Stryi Raion was significantly expanded. Three abolished raions, Mykolaiv, Skole, and Zhydachiv Raions, as well as the cities of Morshyn, Novyi Rozdil, and Stryi, which were previously incorporated as cities of oblast significance, were merged into Stryi Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 60,912 (2020 est.).

It was established in 1939 as part of Drohobych Oblast.
Murder of Hannah Williams
On 21 April 2001, Hannah Williams (born May 1986), a 14-year-old English schoolgirl, was murdered after going missing during a shopping trip in Dartford, Kent. Williams's body was discovered on 15 March 2002 at a cement works in an industrial area of Northfleet.

Robert Howard, a convicted sex offender suspected of other murders including in his native Ireland, was convicted in 2003 and sentenced to life in prison for her murder.

The disappearance and murder of Williams was controversial due to how poorly the investigation of the case was handled and the little coverage that her disappearance had, with allegations of missing white woman syndrome. Some authors compared Williams' case to that of Danielle Jones, a schoolgirl who disappeared in Essex, two months after Williams. It was suggested that Jones received more coverage than Williams because Jones was a middle-class girl with a functional home life, while Williams was from a lower-class background with estranged parents.

Northfleet
Northfleet is a town in the borough of Gravesham in Kent, England. It is located immediately west of Gravesend, and on the border with the Borough of Dartford. Northfleet has its own railway station on the North Kent Line, just east of Ebbsfleet International railway station on the High Speed 1 line. According to the 2021 census, Northfleet has a population of 29,900 (rounded to the nearest 100).
Adam Christodoulou
Adam Robert Christodoulou (born 11 June 1989) is a British and Greek racing driver who competes in the Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie for Team Getspeed as a factory driver for Mercedes.

Christodoulou is known for his successes at the Nürburgring 24 Hours, which include an overall win in 2016. In his junior career, he won the 2008 British Formula Renault Championship and the 2009 Star Mazda Championship. His cousin Riki Christodoulou is also a racing driver, having competed in British Formula 3 Championship.

2016 24 Hours of Nürburgring
The 2016 ADAC Zurich 24 Hours of Nürburgring was the 44th running of the 24 Hours of Nürburgring. It took place over 26–29 May 2016.

The #4 AMG-Team Black Falcon won the race on a Mercedes-AMG GT3.

The race was red-flagged for 4 hours on Saturday afternoon due to an unusual hailstorm storm that caused a series of crashes.
Formins
Formins (formin homology proteins) are a group of proteins that are involved in the polymerization of actin and associate with the fast-growing end (barbed end) of actin filaments.  Most formins are Rho-GTPase effector proteins. Formins regulate the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton
 and are involved in various cellular functions such as cell polarity, cytokinesis, cell migration and  SRF transcriptional activity. Formins are multidomain proteins that interact with diverse signalling molecules and cytoskeletal proteins, although some formins have been assigned functions within the nucleus.

Rho family of GTPases
The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, including yeasts and some plants. Three members of the family have been studied in detail: Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA. All G proteins are "molecular switches", and Rho proteins play a role in organelle development, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell movement, and other common cellular functions.