hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Masatoshi Koshiba
Masatoshi Koshiba (小柴 昌俊, Koshiba Masatoshi; 19 September 1926 – 12 November 2020) was a Japanese physicist and one of the founders of neutrino astronomy. His work with the neutrino detectors Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande was instrumental in detecting solar neutrinos, providing experimental evidence for the solar neutrino problem.

Koshiba won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2002, jointly with Raymond Davis Jr., "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos". Koshiba was the first Japanese Nobel laureate to hold two doctoral degrees. In addition, he was the second Japanese recipient of both the Nobel Prize and the Wolf Prize. His mentor, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, and his student, Takaaki Kajita, were also Nobel Prize winners in Physics.

He was a senior counselor at the International Center for Elementary Particle Physics (ICEPP) and professor at the University of Tokyo.

Shin'ichirō Tomonaga
Shinichiro Tomonaga (朝永 振一郎, Tomonaga Shin'ichirō; March 31, 1906 – July 8, 1979), usually cited as Sin-Itiro Tomonaga in English, was a Japanese physicist. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics with Richard Feynman and Julian Schwinger "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics (QED), with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles".
Richard Whately
Richard Whately (1 February 1787 – 8 October 1863) was an English academic, rhetorician, logician, philosopher, economist, and theologian who also served as a reforming Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin. He was a leading Broad Churchman, a prolific and combative author over a wide range of topics, a flamboyant character, and one of the first reviewers to recognise the talents of Jane Austen.

Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland)
The Archbishop of Dublin is a senior bishop in the Church of Ireland, second only to the Archbishop of Armagh. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the United Dioceses of Dublin and Glendalough and the metropolitan bishop of the Province of Dublin, which covers the southern half of Ireland, and he is styled Primate of Ireland (the Archbishop of Armagh is the "Primate of All Ireland").

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in Christ Church Cathedral in central Dublin. The incumbent, from 11 May 2011, is Michael Jackson who signs as +Michael DUBLIN.
Fluorodeoxyuridylate
Fluorodeoxyuridylate, also known as FdUMP, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate, and  5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate, is a molecule formed in vivo from 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.

FdUMP acts as a suicide inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS). By inhibiting the deoxynucleotide biosynthesis, FdUMP stops the rapidly proliferation of fast-growing  tumors, and it is therefore widely used as a cancer treatment.

Fluorouracil (5-FU) performs as a substrate during part of the catalytic cycle, and it is only during the synthesis of thymine from uridine, when it is combined with other molecules to form 5-FdUMP to produce an irreversible inhibition of the thymidylate synthase functions. This inhibition leads to an imbalance of the nucleotide grouping, stopping DNA synthesis.

Floxuridine
Floxuridine (also 5-fluorodeoxyuridine) is an oncology drug that belongs to the class known as antimetabolites. Specifically, floxuridine is a pyrimidine analog, classified as a deoxyuridine. The drug is usually administered via an artery, and most often used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. The quality of life and survival rates of individuals that receive continuous hepatic artery infusion of floxuridine for colorectal cancer metastases is significantly higher than control groups. Floxuridine can also be prescribed for the treatment of kidney and stomach cancers. In vitro uses of floxuridine include 5-minute treatments of fluorouracil, floxuridine, and mitomycin to increase cell proliferation in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts.
Stan Amour
Stanley Kerin Amour (2 April 1900 – 29 November 1979) was an Australian politician. Born in Hamilton, New South Wales, he was educated at Catholic schools before becoming an insurance agent. He served in the military from 1915 to 1917. In 1937, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Labor Senator for New South Wales. He was selected largely because his surname began with A, as did the other three candidates, Bill Ashley, John Armstrong and Tom Arthur. After leaving the ALP briefly for the Langite Australian Labor Party (Non-Communist), Amour served in the Senate for over 20 years, retiring in 1965. He died in 1979.

John Armstrong (Australian politician)
John Ignatius Armstrong AC (10 July 1908 – 10 March 1977) was an Australian politician and diplomat. He served as a Senator for New South Wales from 1938 to 1962, representing the Labor Party, and was a minister in the Chifley government. Armstrong later served as Lord Mayor of Sydney from 1965 to 1967, and then as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1973 to 1974.
John Felton (assassin)
Lieutenant John Felton (c. 1595 – 29 November 1628) was an English army officer who assassinated George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham by stabbing him to death in the Greyhound Pub at Portsmouth on 23 August 1628. Charles I of England trusted Buckingham, who made himself rich in the process but proved a failure at foreign and military policy. Charles gave him command of a military expedition against Spain in 1625. It was a total fiasco with many dying from disease and starvation. He led another disastrous military campaign in 1627. Buckingham was hated and the damage to the king's reputation was irreparable. Buckingham's assassination by Felton was widely celebrated by the English public even after Felton's execution.

The Greyhound, Portsmouth
The Greyhound was a pub (popularly known as "The Spotted Dog"), in High Street, Old Portsmouth, England. It is the site of the murder of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham in 1628. It is now a hotel.
Waada (film)
Waadah is a 1957 Pakistani musical romance film directed by W.Z. Ahmed. It is the first
film that Ahmed made in the country after he migrated to Pakistan and he made two films in Pakistan. Sabiha Khanam and Santosh Kumar played the lead roles in the film.

The film became a hit due to its music which was composed by Rashid Attre, especially the songs "Jab terey sehar sey guzarta hoon" and "Bar bar barseen morey nain" became widely popular at that time. Waadah was a commercially successful of 1957 and won two awards at Nigar Awards including Best actor for Kumar and best director.

The film was screened at Lok Virsa Museum in 2018. In an article published by BBC Urdu, Waadah was listed among the "10 best films of Pakistani cinema". It was also selected among the same list as published in "Asian Film Journeys: Selection from Cinemaya".

Sabiha Khanum
Sabiha Khanum (Urdu: صبیحہ خانم; born Mukhtar Begum; 16 October 1935 – 13 June 2020) was a Pakistani film actress. She is also known as the "First Lady of Pakistani Cinema", and is often recognized for her role in Pakistani cinema during the 1950s and 1960s. The recipient of the Pride of Performance and Nigar Awards, she debuted in Lollywood films with Beli (1950), and also appeared in television dramas.

Some of her notable films, include Do Ansoo (1950), Sassi (1954), Gumnaam (1954), Dulla Bhatti (1956), Sarfarosh (1956), Mukhra (1958), and Devar Bhabhi (1967).

She appeared mostly in Santosh Kumar's films playing protagonist roles opposite to her throughout the career. Sabiha and Santosh are sometimes known for the on-screen chemistry they shared and built following the 1950s and 60s films, in particular after they worked in the Qatil (1955) film.
Sanguivore II: Mistress of Death
Sanguivore II: Mistress of Death is the fourth studio album by English rock band Creeper. A narrative and thematic sequel to the band's 2023 album Sanguivore, it was produced by Tom Dalgety and was released on 31 October 2025 by Spinefarm Records.

Sanguivore (album)
Sanguivore is the third studio album by English rock band Creeper. Produced by Tom Dalgety, it was released on 13 October 2023 as the group's first album on Spinefarm Records. The album's release was preceded by the singles "Cry to Heaven" on 26 May, "Teenage Sacrifice" on 10 August and "Black Heaven" on 21 September.
Izushi Domain
Izushi Domain (出石藩, Izushi-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tajima Province in what is now the northern portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered initially around Izushi Castle in what is now the Izushi neighborhood of the city of Toyooka, Hyōgo.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Ken Gill
Ken Gill (30 August 1927 – 23 May 2009) was a British trade union leader. He was the General Secretary of the Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section (TASS), from 1974 to 1988, when it merged with ASTMS to form the Manufacturing, Science and Finance Union (MSF). He was General Secretary of the MSF, 1988–1992, initially jointly with Clive Jenkins. A committed Communist, he was elected to the TUC General Council in 1974, and was a prominent figure in the militant industrial relations of the 1970s. From 1981 to 1987 he was a member of the Commission for Racial Equality.

Clive Jenkins
David Clive Jenkins (2 May 1926 – 22 September 1999) was a British trade union leader. "Organising the middle classes", his stated recreation in Who's Who, sums up both his sense of humour and his achievements in the British trade union movement.
State road D.110 (Turkey)
D.110 is a 172 km (107 mi) long east-west state road in Turkey running from the border with Greece, near İpsala, to the junction with the D.100 in Kınalı. The road is the main route into Greece and one of only two roads that cross the Greek border from Turkey. The entire route is a four-lane highway, except for the two-lane bridge crossing the Maritsa river. The D.110 is a part of the European route E84 for its entire length and part of the E90 from the Greek border to Keşan.

State road D.100 (Turkey)
D.100, in public known as E-5, is a west-to-east state road in Turkey. It starts at Kapıkule, the Bulgarian border check point, and ends in Gürbulak, the Iranian border check point. Running all the way from west to east, it crosses most of the north-to-south state roads, including the D.650, D.750, D.850 and D.950.

Road can be joint into European Route E-80, publicly known as TEM Road.

Road name was Changed in 1992 as D.100 but in public road still calls E-5. But today E-5 Roads cover Scotland-Spain.
Rodcania
Rodcania is an extinct genus of mammal, belonging to the order Xenungulata. It contains a single species, Rodcania kakan, which lived during the Paleocene. Its remains were found in South America. The genus name is an anagram of Carodnia.

Carodnia
Carodnia is an extinct genus of South American ungulate known from the Early Eocene of Brazil, Argentina, and Peru.
Carodnia is placed in the order Xenungulata  together with Etayoa and Notoetayoa.

Carodnia is the largest mammal known from the Eocene of South America. It was heavily built and had large canines and cheek teeth with a crested pattern like the uintatheres to which it can be related. In life, it would have been a tapir-sized animal. It bore strong resemblances to dinoceratans, although without tusks or ossicones. When George Simpson first described Carodnia, he cited the genus name as being derived from the Tehuelche word for thunder "carodn".
Pilotwings
Pilotwings is a series of flight simulation video games beginning with the 1990 video game Pilotwings and most recently Pilotwings Resort in 2011. One of Nintendo's franchises, the series was released on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (Super NES), Nintendo 64, and Nintendo 3DS.

Notable for its revolutionary 3D gameplay, Pilotwings was created by Shigeru Miyamoto, with the games being developed by Nintendo EAD (Pilotwings), Paradigm Simulation (Pilotwings 64, in collaboration with Nintendo EAD), and Monster Games (Pilotwings Resort). All three games were published by Nintendo.

Pilotwings Resort
Pilotwings Resort is an arcade flight game for the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console, developed by Monster Games and published by Nintendo. It is a sequel to the 1990 Super NES video game Pilotwings and the 1996 Nintendo 64 game Pilotwings 64. Similarly to its predecessors, it was confirmed as a launch title for the Nintendo 3DS in North America and Europe. It was released in Japan, Australia and New Zealand on April 14, 2011.

Nintendo later re-released the game, along with some of their earlier, published games for the Nintendo 3DS, as a downloadable title via Nintendo eShop. The downloadable version became available on November 1, 2012 in Japan, November 22, 2012 in the PAL region and December 20, 2012 in North America.
Britten family
The Brittens are a family of fictional characters featured in the American television police procedural fantasy drama Awake. The Brittens are a nuclear family consisting of the married couple Michael and Hannah and their child son Rex. The family was involved in a car crash, which caused Michael, to live in two separate realities, one in which his wife Hannah was killed in the crash, and in the other his son Rex was killed.

The main characters reside in Los Angeles, California, in the United States, and were created by series executive producer and writer Kyle Killen, who conceived the idea after creating and developing Lone Star for the Fox network. The portrayal of the Britten family was praised by television critics. Alongside the three main family members, several other characters were mentioned.

Rex Britten
Rex David Britten is a fictional main character in the American police procedural drama television series Awake. He is portrayed by Dylan Minnette. The character first appeared in "Pilot" and last appeared in "Turtles All the Way Down". He appears in Michael's green reality (where Hannah is dead from the car crash). This is because it is his favorite color. Rex was created and designed by series creator and executive producer Kyle Killen after he created and developed the series Lone Star for the Fox network; Killen had been called in to pitch a new drama for NBC after the cancellation of Lone Star.

As a teenager, Rex is the only son and child of Michael and Hannah. He is currently a teenager at school.
Managed lane
A managed lane is a type of highway lane that is operated with a management scheme, such as lane use restrictions or variable tolling, to optimize traffic flow, vehicle throughput, or both. Definitions and goals vary among transport agencies, but managed lanes are generally implemented to achieve an improved operational condition on a highway, such as improving traffic speed and throughput, reducing air pollution, and improving safety. Types of managed lanes include high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, high-occupancy toll lanes, express toll lanes, reversible lanes, and bus lanes. Most managed lane facilities are located in the United States and Canada, although HOV and bus lanes can be found in many other countries; outside of the US and Canada, many countries use active traffic management that manage all lanes of a highway.

Active traffic management
Active traffic management (also managed lanes, smart lanes, managed/smart motorways) is a method of increasing peak capacity and smoothing traffic flows on busy major highways. Techniques include variable speed limits, hard-shoulder running and ramp-metering controlled by overhead variable message signs. It has been implemented in several countries, including Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States.
Yogendra Dimri
Lieutenant General Yogendra Dimri, PVSM, AVSM, VSM is a former General Officer in the Indian Army. He last served as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Central Command in April 2021. He previously served as a Corps Commander and as Chief of Staff of the Western Command, he was appointed as a military attaché in the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia and directing staff at the Defence Services Staff College.

Prior to his appointment to the Central Command, he commanded XXI Corps and infantry brigade on the Line of Control (LOC).

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
Classy 'n Smart
Classy 'n Smart (May 20, 1981 – September 28, 1999) was a Canadian Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred and raced by Sam-Son Farm, she won five of nine career starts, including two legs of what would later be known as the Canadian Triple Tiara. Although she was voted the 1984 Canadian Champion 3-Year-Old Filly, her primary legacy is as a champion broodmare.

Canadian Champion Three-Year-Old Filly
The Canadian Champion Three-Year-Old Filly  is a  Canadian Thoroughbred horse racing honour created in 1975 by the Jockey Club of Canada. It is part of the Sovereign Awards program and is awarded annually to the top 3-Year-Old Filly Thoroughbred horse competing in Canada.
Bishgram
Bishgram is a union council in Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Lower Dir District has 37 union councils with a population of 797,852, according to the 1998 census report. The  population growth rate of the Lower Dir District was 3.42% per annum between the 1981 and 1998 censuses. Bishgram is known for natural environment and greenery.

Lower Dir District
Lower Dir District (Pashto: ښکته دير ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع دیر زیریں) is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Timergara is the district's headquarters and largest city. The Lower Dir district was formed in 1996, when Dir District was divided into Upper Dir and Lower Dir districts. On 22 January 2023, both Lower Dir and Upper Dir districts were further bifurcated to create a new Central Dir District.

Lower Dir district borders with Swat District to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Upper Dir to the north and Malakand and Bajaur District to the south.
Kulim Hi-Tech Park
The Kulim Hi-Tech Park (KHTP; Malay: Taman Teknologi Tinggi Kulim) is an industrial park for high technology enterprises located in Kulim District, Kedah, Malaysia. It was opened in 1996 and is Malaysia's first high-tech industrial park.

The park, a key component in the nation's plan to be fully industrialised by 2020, is developed and managed by Kulim Technology Park Corporation Sdn Bhd (KTPC), a subsidiary of the Kedah State Development Corporation (Malay: Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Kedah). It comprises a total area of 4,736 acres (19,165,912 m2) and is closely accessible to port via Butterworth-Kulim Expressway (BKE).

Butterworth–Kulim Expressway
Butterworth–Kulim Expressway, (BKE; Malay: Lebuhraya Butterworth–Kulim), is an expressway in Penang, Malaysia. The 17 km (11 mi) expressway connects Butterworth, Penang in the west to Lunas, Kedah in the east. It is also a main route to the East–West Highway (Federal Route 4) via Baling, Kedah and Gerik, Perak.
George Gladir
George Gladir (September 27, 1925 – April 3, 2013) was an American comics writer. Primarily known as a scripter for Archie Comics, he co-created that publisher's character Sabrina Spellman, with artist Dan DeCarlo.

Dan DeCarlo
Daniel S. DeCarlo (December 12, 1919 – December 18, 2001) was an American cartoonist best known for having developed the look of Archie Comics in the late 1950s and early 1960s, modernizing the characters to their contemporary appearance and establishing the publisher's house style up until his death. As well, he is the generally recognized co-creator of the characters Sabrina the Teenage Witch, Josie and the Pussycats (the title character of which was named for his wife), and Cheryl Blossom.
Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary
Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the Aravalli Hills near Jaipur, in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Established in 1980, the sanctuary spans approximately 50 square kilometers.

Aravalli Range
The Aravalli Range (also spelled Aravali) is a mountain range in north-western India. running approximately 670 km (420 mi) in a south-west direction, starting near Delhi, passing through southern Haryana and Rajasthan, and ending in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The highest peak is Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu, Rajasthan at 1,722 m (5,650 ft). The Aravalli Range is the oldest fold-mountain belt in India, dating back to the Paleoproterozoic era.
Liga IV Dâmbovița
Liga IV Dâmbovița is the county football division of Liga IV for clubs based in Dâmbovița County, Romania. The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and is organized by AJF Dâmbovița – Asociația Județeană de Fotbal (lit. 'County Football Association').

It is contested by a variable number of teams, depending on the number of teams relegated from Liga III, the number of teams promoted from Liga V Dâmbovița, and the teams that withdraw or enter the competition. The winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending on the result of a promotion play-off contested against the winner of a neighboring county series.

Liga IV
Liga IV is the fourth level of the Romanian football league system and is run in all 41 counties and in the Municipality of Bucharest. It was known as the Regional Championship, County Championship, Divizia C – County Phase and Divizia D. Its name was changed into Liga IV before the start of the 2006–07 season.
Edens Plaza
Edens Plaza is a strip mall in the town of Wilmette, Illinois. It was built by Carson Pirie Scott & Co. (Carson's) in 1956, and, until 2018, was anchored by one of their stores. It is located on a triangular parcel of land between Lake Avenue, Skokie Boulevard and the Edens Expressway.

Edens Plaza was one of the Chicago area's first regional shopping centers. After years of stalled efforts, the shopping center underwent a major reconstruction in the mid-1990s. Along with Harlem Irving Plaza and nearby Westfield Old Orchard (which both opened the same year as Edens Plaza), it is one of the Chicago area's oldest shopping malls. It is currently anchored by a Wayfair large concept store.

Westfield Old Orchard
Westfield Old Orchard, formerly Old Orchard Shopping Center, is a shopping center in the Chicago metropolitan area. It is located in Skokie, Illinois. The shopping center features the traditional retailers Macy's and Nordstrom, in addition to a CMX luxury cinema. The mall features prominent specialty retailers such as Vineyard Vines, Madewell, Anthropologie, Fabletics, Kendra Scott, Tory Burch, and Warby Parker.
Oseam
Oseam or Oseam Temple is a small Korean Buddhist temple located in the area of Mangyeongdae Pavilion, Seoraksan, Gangwon Province, South Korea. It is an annex of Baekdamsa Temple which is the head temple of the third district in the Jogye Order.

Oseam was first established as Gwaneumam (觀音庵) by Monk Jajang in 643, the 12th year of Queen Seondeok's reign during the Silla Kingdom and Monk Bou (普雨) reconstructed the temple in 1548 during the King Myeongjong of the Joseon Dynasty. The temple name was changed to Oseam after Monk Seoljeong (雪淨) rebuilt it in 1643 during the King Injo's reign. A famous tale regarding Monk Seoljeong and the name has been handed down.

Buddhist temples in Korea
Buddhist temples are an important part of the Korean landscape. Most Korean temples have names ending in -sa (Korean: 사; Hanja: 寺), which means "monastery" in Sino-Korean.
Many temples participate in the Templestay program, where visitors can experience Buddhist culture and even stay at the temple overnight.