hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christian Goldbach
Christian Goldbach (/ˈɡoʊldbɑːk/ GOHLD-bahk, German: [ˈkʁɪsti̯a(ː)n ˈɡɔltbax]; 18 March 1690 – 20 November 1764) was a Prussian mathematician connected with some important research mainly in number theory; he also studied law and took an interest in and a role in the Russian court. After traveling around Europe in his early life, he landed in Russia in 1725 as a professor at the newly founded Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Goldbach jointly led the academy in 1737. However, he relinquished duties in the academy in 1742 and worked in the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs until his death in 1764. He is remembered today for Goldbach's conjecture and the Goldbach–Euler Theorem. He had a close friendship with famous mathematician Leonhard Euler, serving as inspiration for Euler's mathematical pursuits.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MFA Russia; Russian: Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, МИД России, romanized: Ministerstvo inostrannykh del Rossiiskoi Federatsii. MID Rossii) is the central government institution charged with leading the foreign policy and foreign relations of Russia.

It is a continuation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which was under the supervision of the Soviet Ministry of External Relations. Sergei Lavrov is the current foreign minister.
Dance Partner
Dance Partner, (Japanese: ダンスパートナー, 25 May 1992 - 14 October 2016) was a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. From the first crop of foals sired by Sunday Silence, she won four of her twenty-five races and finished second nine times in a racing career which lasted from January 1995 until December 1997. She was unraced as a juvenile, but in 1995 she won the Yushun Himba and won the JRA Award for Best Three-Year-Old Filly. As a four-year-old, she won the Keian Hai and the Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup and won the JRA Award for Best Older Filly or Mare. She failed to win as a five-year-old and was retired from racing at the end of the year. Apart from her victories she was placed in the Oka Sho, Prix de la Nonette, Kyoto Daishoten and Takarazuka Kinen (twice). She has had success as a broodmare, producing several good winners.

JRA Award for Best Three-Year-Old Filly
The JRA Award for Best Three-Year-Old Filly is a title awarded annually by the Japan Racing Association (JRA) to an outstanding horse of that category in Thoroughbred horse racing in Japan. Since 1987 the honor has been part of the JRA Awards.
Asher yatzar
Asher yatzar (Hebrew: בִּרְכַּת אֲשֶׁר יָצַר "Who has formed man") is a blessing in Judaism. It is recited after one engages in an act of excretion or urination, but is also included in many Jewish prayer books as a part of daily prayer prior to birkot hashachar.

The purpose of this blessing is to thank God for good health. It expresses thanks for having the ability to excrete, for without it existence would be impossible.
Though recited normally by observant Jews each time excretory functions are used, it is also recited during the Shacharit service due to its spiritual significance (to Jews, humans are made in God's image, so it is an expression of awe toward God's creations).

Urination
Urination is the release of urine from the bladder through the urethra in placental mammals,: 38, 364  or through the cloaca in other vertebrates. It is the urinary system's form of excretion. It is also known medically as micturition, voiding, uresis, or, rarely, emiction, and known colloquially by various names including peeing, weeing, pissing, and euphemistically number one. The process of urination is under voluntary control in healthy humans and other animals, but may occur as a reflex in infants, some elderly individuals, and those with neurological injury. It is normal for adult humans to urinate up to seven times during the day.

In some animals, in addition to expelling waste material, urination can mark territory or express submissiveness. Physiologically, urination involves coordination between the central, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems. Brain centres that regulate urination include the pontine micturition center, periaqueductal gray, and the cerebral cortex.
Bobbi Law
Bobbi Law (born 4 June 1997) is an Australian rugby league footballer who plays for the Canberra Raiders in the NRL Women's Premiership. Primarily a centre, she is a Prime Minister's XIII and Indigenous All Stars representative. She previously played for the NRL Women's Premiership sides Sydney Roosters Newcastle Knights, with whom she won the 2022 NRLW Grand Final with, and the St George Illawarra Dragons.

Sydney Roosters Women
Sydney Roosters Women are a rugby league team, representing the Eastern Suburbs region of Sydney. The team is part of the Sydney Roosters club and plays in the National Rugby League Women's Premiership.
Rudolf Belin
Rudolf "Rudi" Belin (4 November 1942 – 3 November 2025) was a Yugoslav and Croatian football manager and player. Belin spent most of his playing career with his hometown club Dinamo Zagreb in the 1960s, with whom he won three Marshal Tito Cups and reached two Inter-Cities Fairs Cup finals. With Yugoslavia he played at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and was part of the squad that won silver at UEFA Euro 1968. His older brother Bruno was also an accomplished footballer.

Yugoslav Cup
The Yugoslav Cup (Croatian: Pokal Jugoslavije; Serbian: Куп Југославије, romanized: Kup Jugoslavije; Slovene: Pokal Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Куп на Југославија, romanized: Kup na Jugoslavija), officially known between 1923 and 1940 as the King Alexander Cup (Serbian: Куп краља Александра; Croatian: Kup kralja Aleksandra, and between 1947 and 1991 as the Marshal Tito Cup (Serbian: Куп маршала Тита; Croatian: Kup maršala Tita; Slovene: Pokal maršala Tita; Macedonian: Куп на маршал Тито, romanized: Kup na maršal Tito), was one of two major football competitions in Yugoslavia, the other one being the Yugoslav League Championship. The Yugoslav Cup took place after the league championships when every competitive league in Yugoslavia had finished, in order to determine which teams are ranked as their corresponding seeds. The Marshal Tito Cup trophy was based on a design by Branko Šotra.
Central University of Gujarat
Central University of Gujarat is a Public Central Research University in Kundhela Village, Dabhoi Taluka, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, offering courses at undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral levels. Prof. Atanu Bhattacharya is In-Charge Vice-Chancellor of Central University of Gujarat.

The university includes 11 schools, 16 academic departments, and 3 centres.

Central university (India)
Central universities in India are public universities established by an Act of Parliament and are under the purview of the Department of Higher Education in the Ministry of Education, except for nine universities which are under the purview of other ministries. In general, universities in India are recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956. In addition, 15 Professional Councils are established, controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination. Central universities, in addition, are covered by the Central Universities Act, 2009, which regulates their purpose, powers, governance etc., and established 12 new universities.
As of June 2023, the list of central universities published by the UGC includes 56 central universities.
Rhett Fisher
Rhett Tyler Fisher (born May 22, 1980) is an American actor, singer, songwriter and record producer. As an actor, he is best known for playing Ryan Mitchell, the Titanium Ranger in Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue.

Tim (singer)
Hwang Young-min (Korean: 황영민; born December 23, 1981), best known as Tim (팀), is a Korean-American singer based in South Korea. He is referred to as South Korea's "ballad prince." He debuted in 2003 with the album, First Tim, which included the hit ballad, "I Love You."
Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist
Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that block adenosine at the adenosine A2A receptor. Notable adenosine A2A receptor antagonists include caffeine, theophylline and istradefylline.

Theophylline
Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. It is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Its pharmacology is similar to other methylxanthine drugs (e.g., theobromine and caffeine). Trace amounts of theophylline are naturally present in tea, coffee, chocolate, yerba mate, guarana, and kola nut.
Panasia
Panasia Island is an island in Papua New Guinea, part of the Calvados Chain within the Louisiade Archipelago. It is located at the western end of the Calvados Chain, in the Louisiade Archipelago, in the Milne Bay Province, next to Pana Varavara.
Utian islanders use this island for gardening yams.

Louisiade Archipelago
The Louisiade Archipelago is a string of ten larger volcanic islands frequently fringed by coral reefs, and 90 smaller coral islands in Papua New Guinea.

It is located 200 km southeast of New Guinea, stretching over more than 160 kilometres (99 mi) and spread over an ocean area of 26,000 square kilometres (10,000 sq mi) between the Solomon Sea to the north and the Coral Sea to the south. The aggregate land area of the islands is about 1,871 square kilometres (722 sq mi), with Vanatinai (Sudest) beingness the largest.

Rogeia (Logea), Samarai and Sariba lie closest to New Guinea, while Misima, Vanatinai, and Rossel islands lie further east.
Serik Akhmetov
Serık Nyğmetūly Ahmetov (born 25 June 1958) is a Kazakh politician and economist, who was Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 2012 to 2014. He served as the Minister of Defense from April to October 2014.

Akhmetov served for a time as first deputy akim of Astana before being appointed to government as Minister of Transport and Communications on 25 September 2006. He has also served as Chairman of the Board of the Atameken National Union of Entrepreneurs and Employers of Kazakhstan since 2005. From March 2009, Akhmetov served as Deputy Prime Minister before becoming the akim of Karaganda Region in November 2009. In January 2012, he was appointed as the First Deputy Prime Minister before becoming PM following the resignation of Karim Massimov on 24 September 2012.

In November 2014, Akhmetov was arrested after being accused of committing a crime while serving as an äkim of Karaganda Region to which he was convicted in December 2015. He was eventually released in September 2017.

First Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
The first deputy prime minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Премьер-Министрінің бірінші орынбасары, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasy Premer-Ministrınıñ bırınşı orynbasary;; Russian: Первый заместитель Премьер-Министра Республики Казахстан) is a member of the Government of Kazakhstan. Similar to the deputy prime minister, the first deputy is responsible for implementing policies established by the prime minister. However, the first deputy holds a higher-ranking position and assumes a more prominent role, particularly in the event that the prime minister is unable to perform their duties. The post is appointed by the president of Kazakhstan.
Joshua Clayton
Dr. Joshua Clayton (July 20, 1744 – August 11, 1798) was an American physician and politician from Mount Pleasant in Pencader Hundred, New Castle County, Delaware. He was an officer of the Continental Army in the American Revolution, and a member of the Federalist Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as Governor of Delaware and as U.S. Senator from Delaware.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
Lana Škrgatić
Lana Škrgatić (born November 9, 1980), also known by her stage name Lana.S, is a Croatian musician, singer-songwriter, and music pedagogue. She is a music and drama teacher at the American International School of Zagreb. She was educated at the Purcell School and the Royal Scottish Academy. She is the founder of the women's music band C.U.R.E., occasional member of rock band Crvena Jabuka, and a former member of the rock band Zabranjeno Pušenje.

Purcell School for Young Musicians
The Purcell School for Young Musicians is a specialist private music school for children, located in the town of Bushey, south Hertfordshire, England, and is the oldest specialist music school in the UK.  The school was awarded the UNESCO Mozart Medal in 2003, which was received on behalf of the school by King Charles, who is a patron of the school.  Sir Simon Rattle is honorary president of the school. Many of the pupils subsequently study at leading conservatories across the country. In 2015, the School became the first Fazioli Pianoforti Centre of Excellence.

The School's pupils are funded largely by the Government's Music and Dance Scheme, along with the School's own scholarship funds. It has a consistent success in national and international competitions and has an extensive programme of outreach and community work. The majority of pupils progress to music conservatoires although a small number each year elect to go to University to study both music and non-musical subjects.
Glossary of numismatics
This glossary of numismatics is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to numismatics and coin collecting, as well as sub-fields and related disciplines, with concise explanations for the beginner or professional.

Numismatics (Ancient Greek: νομισματική, meaning 'monetary') is the scientific study of money and its history in all its varied forms. While numismatists are often characterized as studying coins, the discipline also includes the study of other types of money, such as banknotes, stock certificates, medals, medallions, and tokens.

Sub-fields and related fields of numismatics include:

Exonumia, the study of coin-like objects such as token coins and medals, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration.

Notaphily, the study of paper money or banknotes.

Philately, the study of postage stamps.

Scripophily, the study and collection of company share certificates and bonds.

Token coin
In numismatics, token coins or trade tokens are coin-like objects used instead of coins. The field of token coins is part of exonumia and token coins are token money. Their denomination is shown or implied by size, color or shape. They are often made of cheaper metals like copper, pewter, aluminium, brass and tin, or non-metals like bakelite, leather and porcelain.

A legal tender coin is issued by a governmental authority and is freely exchangeable for goods. A token coin has a narrower utility and is issued by a private entity. In many instances, token coins have become obsolete due to the use of cash, payment cards, stored value cards or other electronic transactions.
Queen Seonui
Queen Seonui (Korean: 선의왕후; 14 December 1705 – 12 August 1730) of the Hamjong Eo clan, was the second wife of Yi Yun, King Gyeongjong, the 20th Joseon monarch. She was Queen of Joseon from 1720 until her husband's death in 1724, after which she was honoured as Royal Queen Dowager Gyeongsun (경순왕대비).

Royal Noble Consort Huibin Jang
Royal Noble Consort Hui of the Indong Jang clan (Korean: 희빈 장씨; Hanja: 禧嬪 張氏; 3 November 1659 – 10 October 1701), personal name Jang Ok-jeong (장옥정; 張玉貞), was a consort of Sukjong of Joseon and the mother of King Gyeongjong. She was queen of Joseon from 1690 until her deposition in 1694.
Timon Haugan
Timon Haugan (born 27 December 1996) is a Norwegian World Cup alpine ski racer who specializes in slalom.

At the 2016 Junior World Championships, Haugan finished eleventh at best, but returned in 2017 and won the silver medal in the giant slalom.

Haugan made his World Cup debut in December 2017 in Italy at Madonna di Campiglio, and also collected his first World Cup points with a 24th-place finish.  His first podium (and first top ten) came in February 2020, as the runner-up in the slalom at Chamonix, France.

He represents the sports club Oppdal IL.

Giant slalom
Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding competitive discipline. It involves racing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom, but less than in Super-G.

Giant slalom and slalom make up the technical events in alpine ski racing. This category separates them from the speed events of Super-G and downhill.  The technical events are normally composed of two runs, held on different courses on the same ski run.
The Eye of Argon
The Eye of Argon is a 1970 sword and sorcery fantasy novelette by Jim Theis (1953–2002) that narrates the adventures of the barbarian Grignr. It has been notorious within the science fiction and fantasy fandoms since its publication, described variously as "one of the genre's most beloved pieces of appalling prose," the "infamous 'worst fantasy novel [sic] ever' published for fans' enjoyment," and "the apotheosis of bad writing". Science fiction conventions have long held group readings of the work in which participants are challenged to read it aloud for extended periods without laughing.

Science fiction fandom
Science fiction fandom or SF fandom is a community or fandom of people interested in science fiction in contact with one another based upon that interest. SF fandom has a life of its own, but not much in the way of formal organization (although formal clubs such as the Futurians (1937–1945) and the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society (1934–present) are recognized examples of organized fandom).

Most often called simply "fandom" within the community, it can be viewed as a distinct subculture, with its own literature and jargon; marriages and other relationships among fans are common, as are multi-generational fan families.
Oyo, Republic of the Congo
Oyo is a town and a commune in the central Republic of Congo in the Cuvette Department. It is the seat of the Oyo District.

It is located more than 400 km from the national capital Brazzaville and 100 km from Owando further north. It is connected by paved road to Brazzaville and to Owando. It is served by the Oyo Ollombo Airport and a river port on the Alima River.

Denis Sassou Nguesso, the current president of the Republic of Congo, as well as several members of his family and his entourage, have houses in or around Oyo.

In addition, the city of Oyo is distinguished by the presence of a 5-star luxury hotel the Pefaco Hotel Alima Palace 5* which is located on the edge of the banks of the Alima River between the city and the airport.

Owando
Owando is a town and a commune located in the central Republic of the Congo lying on the Kouyou River. It is the capital of Cuvette Department and of Owando District. It is home to a market and has an airport.

It was formerly known as Fort-Rousset.
Intermediate-frequency amplifier
Intermediate-frequency (IF) amplifiers are amplifier stages used to raise signal levels in radio and television receivers, at frequencies intermediate to the higher radio-frequency (RF) signal from the antenna and the lower (baseband) audio or video frequency that the receiver is recovering.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
MLS Cup 2024
MLS Cup 2024 was the 29th edition of the MLS Cup, the championship match of Major League Soccer (MLS), the top-flight soccer league in the United States and Canada. The match was played on December 7, 2024, at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson, California, United States. It was contested by the Western Conference champions LA Galaxy and the Eastern Conference champions New York Red Bulls and determined the champions of the 2024 season. The match also marked the conclusion of the MLS Cup playoffs, which was contested by the top 18 teams based on their regular season records.

The LA Galaxy won 2–1 and clinched a record-extending sixth MLS Cup title with two goals in the first half. Gastón Brugman was named the match's most valuable player.

Eastern Conference (MLS)
The Eastern Conference (French: Association de l'Est) is one of Major League Soccer's two conferences, along with the Western Conference. The division of the conferences broadly follows the path of the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, with clubs east of the river in the Eastern Conference.

As of 2023, the Eastern Conference contains 15 teams. The conference has produced 17 Supporters' Shield champions and 12 MLS Cup winners in Major League Soccer's first 30 seasons. In 2000 and 2001, the conference was referred to as the Eastern Division when Major League Soccer briefly reorganized into three divisions.
Luc Maierhofer
Luc Maierhofer (born 24 May 2002) is an Austrian figure skater who currently competes in the pairs discipline with Gabriella Izzo. With Izzo, he is the 2026 Austrian national champion and the 2024 Ice Challenge champion.

With previous partner, Giorgia Ghedini, he is the 2023 Austrian junior national champion.

As a singles skater, he is the 2019 Golden Bear of Zagreb silver medalist and the 2022 Austrian national champion. On the junior level, he is the 2016 Dragon Trophy champion, the 2016 Skate Helena silver medalist, and a two-time Austrian junior national champion (2016, 2019).

Dragon Trophy
The Dragon Trophy is an annual international figure skating competition which is generally held in February in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Medals may be awarded in men's singles and women's singles at the senior, junior, and novice levels.
Aw-li On-nam Ot-tjin
Aw-li On-nam Ot-tjin (or simply Otjin) is a traditional mancala game played by the Penihing people of Borneo. The first transcription of the rules of the game was completed by Norwegian ethnographist Carl Sofus Lumholtz. Despite its origin, Otjin is similar to African mancalas such as Ba-awa (Ghana) and quite different than most Asian mancalas.

Mancala
Mancala (Arabic: منقلة manqalah) is a family of two-player turn-based strategy board games played with small stones, beans, marbles or seeds and rows of holes or pits in the earth, a board or other playing surface.  The objective is usually to capture all or some set of the opponent's pieces.

Versions of the game date back past the 3rd century and evidence suggests such games existed in Ancient Egypt. It is among the oldest known family of games still widely played today.