hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lyndon State College
Lyndon State College was a public liberal arts college in Lyndon, Vermont. In 2018, it merged with Johnson State College to create Northern Vermont University; the former campus of Lyndon State College is now the university's Lyndon campus. In July 2023, Castleton University, Northern Vermont University-Johnson, Northern Vermont University-Lyndon, and Vermont Technical College merged to become Vermont State University. It is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

Vermont Technical College
Vermont Technical College (Vermont Tech or VTC) was a public technical college in Vermont. Its main residential campuses were located in Randolph Center and Williston. In addition, there were regional campuses distance sites, and nursing campuses in locations throughout the state.

Founded in 1866 as the Randolph Normal School, the mission of the school evolved through time, finally becoming a technical institute in 1957. On July 1, 2023, VTC merged with Northern Vermont University and Castleton University to become Vermont State University.
Butterfield Museum
The Butterfield Museum was an academic building at Dartmouth College that housed the school's biology, archaeology, and ethnology departments as well as a museum of paleontology. Designed by Charles A. Rich and built in 1896, the building was named after Dartmouth alum Ralph Butterfield, who funded its construction in his will.

The building was constructed in the Italian Renaissance style and featured a yellow Roman brick facade, which caused it to stand out among the other buildings on Dartmouth's campus. It was ultimately demolished in 1928 to make way for the Fisher Ames Baker Memorial Library.

Baker-Berry Library
The Baker-Berry Library is the main library at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The fresco, The Epic of American Civilization, was painted by José Clemente Orozco in the lower level of the library, and is a National Historic Landmark. Baker's tower, designed after Independence Hall in Philadelphia, stands 200 feet above campus and is often used as an iconic representation of the college.
St Begh's Church, Whitehaven
St Begh's Church or St Begh's Priory Church is a Roman Catholic parish church in Whitehaven, Cumbria, England. It was built from 1865 to 1868 and designed by E. W. Pugin in the Gothic Revival style. It was founded and is still administered by the Benedictines from Belmont Abbey, Herefordshire. It is located on the Coach Road in the Corkickle part of Whitehaven. It is a Grade II listed building.

Belmont Abbey, Herefordshire
Belmont Abbey, in Herefordshire, England, is a Catholic Benedictine monastery that forms part of the English Benedictine Congregation. It stands on a small hill overlooking the city of Hereford to the east, with views across to the Black Mountains in Wales to the west. The 19th-century Abbey also serves as a parish church.
Savan Rural District
Savan Rural District (Persian: دهستان ساوان) is in the Central District of Mirabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mazraeh, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 523 in 153 households.

Central District (Mirabad County)
The Central District of Mirabad County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان میرآباد) is in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Mirabad.

In 2022, Vazineh District was separated from Sardasht County in the establishment of Mirabad County and renamed the Central District. The new county was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with Mirabad as its capital and only city at the time.
Robert Eden, 3rd Baron Auckland
Robert John Eden, 3rd Baron Auckland (10 July 1799 – 25 April 1870), styled The Honourable Robert Eden from birth until 1849, was a British clergyman. He was Bishop of Sodor and Man from 1847 to 1854 and Bishop of Bath and Wells from 1854 to 1869.

Bishop of Bath and Wells
The bishop of Bath and Wells is the diocesean bishop of the diocese of Bath and Wells in the Church of England. The bishop's seat, or cathedra, is at the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew in the city of Wells. The diocese covers most of Somerset and a small part of Dorset.

From 1090 until the Reformation the Abbey Church of St Peter and Paul in the city of Bath was also a cathedral of the diocese, and the double name has been retained. The bishop has the right, together with the bishop of Durham, to escort the sovereign at the coronation. The bishop's residence is the Bishop's Palace, Wells.
Inner Constance
Inner Constance  is a summit of the Olympic Mountains and is located in Jefferson County of Washington state. It is located near the eastern edge of Olympic National Park on the Olympic Peninsula. At 7,670 feet (2,338 m), Inner Constance is the fifth-highest peak of the Olympic Mountains, after Mount Olympus, Mount Deception, Mount Constance, and Mount Johnson. Its nearest higher neighbor is Mount Constance, 0.9 mi (1.4 km) to the east. Within this nearly mile-wide separation resides a deep glacially carved canyon called "Avalanche Canyon". Precipitation runoff on the north side of the peak drains into tributaries of the Dungeness River, whereas the south side drains into tributaries of the Dosewallips River.

Olympic Mountains
The Olympic Mountains are a mountain range on the Olympic Peninsula of the Pacific Northwest of the United States.  The mountains, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, are not especially high – Mount Olympus is the highest summit at 7,980 ft (2,432 m); however, the eastern slopes rise precipitously out of Puget Sound from sea level, and the western slopes are separated from the Pacific Ocean by the low-lying 20 to 35 km (12 to 22 mi) wide Pacific Ocean coastal plain. These densely forested western slopes are the wettest place in the 48 contiguous states. Most of the mountains are protected within the bounds of Olympic National Park and adjoining segments of Olympic National Forest.

The mountains are located in western Washington in the United States, spread out across four counties: Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson and Mason. Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which is in turn a part of the larger Pacific Mountain System.
Kagoshima Television Station
Kagoshima Television Station Co., Ltd. (鹿児島テレビ放送, Kagoshima Terebi Hōsō), also known as KTS, is a television broadcaster headquartered in Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. It is affiliated with Fuji News Network (FNN) and Fuji Network System (FNS).

Kagoshima Television is the second commercial television station in Kagoshima Prefecture, and started broadcasting in 1969. KTS was a triple affiliate of FNN, NNN and ANN when it began broadcasting. On 1 December 2006, KTS began digital terrestrial television broadcasting.

Fuji News Network
Fuji News Network (FNN) is a Japanese commercial television network run by Fuji Television Network, Inc. (Fuji TV), a subsidiary of Fuji Media Holdings and part of the Fujisankei Communications Group. The network's responsibility includes the syndication of national television news bulletins to its regional affiliates, and news exchange between the stations.

FNN also manages the free online service FNN Prime, visited by an average of 100 million views by month.

Distribution of non-news television programmes is handled by Fuji Network System (FNS), another network set up by Fuji TV.
Philosophes
The philosophes (French for 'philosophers') were the intellectuals of the 18th-century European Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues. They had a critical eye and looked for weaknesses and failures that needed improvement. They promoted a "Republic of Letters" that crossed national boundaries and allowed intellectuals to freely exchange books and ideas. Most philosophes were men, but some were women.

They strongly endorsed progress and tolerance, as they distrusted organized religion (most were deists) and feudal institutions. Many contributed to Diderot's Encyclopédie. They faded away after the French Revolution reached a violent stage in 1793.

Progress
Progress is movement towards a perceived refined, improved, or otherwise desired state. It is central to the philosophy of progressivism, which interprets progress as the set of advancements in technology, science, and social organization – the latter being generally achieved through direct societal action, as in social enterprise or through activism, but being also attainable through natural sociocultural evolution – that progressivism holds all human societies should strive towards.

The concept of progress was introduced in the early-19th-century social theories, especially social evolution as described by Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer. It was present in the Enlightenment's philosophies of history. As a goal, social progress has been advocated by varying realms of political ideologies with different theories on how it is to be achieved.
HELRAM
The Northrop Grumman High Energy Laser for Rockets, Artillery and Mortars (HELRAM) system is a ground-based directed energy weapon intended to be used mainly against short-range ballistic targets.

It is supposed to be able to shoot down mortar bombs, rocket-propelled mortar bombs, artillery shells and artillery rockets by pointing a high-energy laser beam at them, thereby causing them to explode in the air.

Northrop Grumman unveiled the HELRAM concept in October 2004, saying that it "could be available within 18 months of a contract".

Its technology is based on that of the THEL system.

Tactical High Energy Laser
The Tactical High-Energy Laser, or THEL, was a laser developed for military use, also known as the Nautilus laser system. The mobile version is the Mobile Tactical High-Energy Laser, or MTHEL.  In 1996, the United States and Israel entered into an agreement to produce a cooperative THEL called the Demonstrator, which would utilize deuterium fluoride chemical laser technologies. In 2000 and 2001, THEL shot down 28 Katyusha artillery rockets and five artillery shells. On November 4, 2002, THEL shot down an incoming artillery shell. The prototype weapon was roughly the size of six city buses, made up of modules that held a command center, radar and a telescope for tracking targets, the chemical laser itself, fuel and reagent tanks, and a rotating mirror to reflect its beam toward speeding targets. It was discontinued in 2005.
S.K. Beveren
Sportkring Beveren (SK Beveren) is a Belgian professional association football club based in Beveren, East Flanders. The club is affiliated with the founded number 4068 and has yellow and blue as its colours. The team was founded in 1936 in Haasdonk and joined the Belgian Football Association in 1944 as FC Red Star Haasdonk. In 2002, the club moved to Sint-Niklaas and changed its name to KV Red Star Waasland. From 2010, it continued to play in Beveren under the name KVRS Waasland - SK Beveren until 2022, when it was renamed Sportkring Beveren. They play in the Challenger Pro League.

Royal Belgian Football Association
The Royal Belgian Football Association (RBFA; Dutch: Koninklijke Belgische Voetbalbond; French: Union royale belge des sociétés de football association; German: Königlicher Belgischer Fußballverband) is the governing body of football in Belgium. It was a founding member of FIFA in 1904 and UEFA in 1954 and was based in Brussels, not far from the King Baudouin Stadium. Since October 2021, the headquarters of the RBFA are located in Tubize, next to its technical centre. Its chairman is Robert Huygens.
Hoek, Zeeland
Hoek (Dutch pronunciation: [ɦuk]) is a village in the municipality of Terneuzen in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It lies about 22 km south-east of Vlissingen and about 30 km north of Ghent in Belgium.

Terneuzen
Terneuzen (Dutch pronunciation: [tərˈnøːzə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the southwestern Netherlands, in the province of Zeeland, in the middle of Zeelandic Flanders. With almost 55,000 inhabitants, it is the most populous municipality of Zeeland.
Dudleya saxosa
Dudleya saxosa is a perennial succulent plant species in the family Crassulaceae, within the genus Dudleya, which are commonly known as liveforevers.: 84  This species is a complex of 3 subspecies of plants, isolated and disjunct in distribution from one another, each with varying levels of ploidy and morphology. One plant is native throughout the deserts and mountains of Southern California, another is found in the Panamint Mountains, and one is found throughout central Arizona.

Panamint Range
The Panamint Range is a short rugged fault-block mountain range in the northern Mojave Desert, within Death Valley National Park in Inyo County, eastern California. A small part of the southern end of the range is in San Bernardino County. Dr. Darwin French is credited as applying the term Panamint in 1860 during his search for the fabled Gunsight Lode.

The origin of the name is the Paiute or Koso word Panümünt or Pa (water) and nïwïnsti (person).
Italian torpedo boat Lince
The Italian torpedo boat Lince was a Spica-class torpedo boat built for the Regia Marina in the late 1930s. During the Second World War, Lince was involved in several naval actions before she was sunk in August 1943 by a British submarine.

Spica-class torpedo boat (Italy)
The Spica class was a class of torpedo boats of the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) during World War II. These ships were built as a result of a clause in the Washington Naval Treaty, which stated that ships with a tonnage of less than 600 could be built in unlimited numbers. Thirty-two ships were built between 1934 and 1937, thirty of which entered service with Italy.

Called torpedo boats due to their smaller displacement, the Spica class had armament similar to destroyers (influenced by the Maestrale-class destroyer) and were intended for anti-submarine operations but also had to fight aircraft and surface ships. Twenty-three vessels were lost during the war, two had been sold to the Swedish Navy in 1940. The class was called destroyers until 1953 and then renamed corvettes.
China Squash Open 2013
The Lujiazui Finance City China Squash Open 2013 is the women's edition of the 2013 China Squash Open, which is a tournament of the WSA World Tour event International (Prize money : 50 000 $). The event took place in Shanghai in China from 24 October to 27 October. Nicol David won her first China Squash Open trophy, beating Raneem El Weleily in the final.

2013 WSA World Tour
The WSA World Tour 2013 is the international squash tour and organized circuit, organized by the Women's Squash Association (WSA) for the 2013 squash season. The most important tournament in the series is the World Open held in Penang in Malaysia in March 2014. The tour features three categories of regular events, the World Series, which features the highest prize money and the best fields, Gold and Silver tournaments.
Nawab Jan
Nawab Jan is an Indian politician and a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh and 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh, India. He represents the Thakurdwara constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Samajwadi Party political party.

16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a. Sixteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 15 March 2012 as a result of 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 8 Feb to 3 March 2012. The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly has total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member) against a total strength of 404 members.
Tetramelas phaeophysciae
Tetramelas phaeophysciae is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Caliciaceae. It is a lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) species that grows on other lichens, primarily Phaeophyscia and Physcia species on rocks. Found in arctic to subalpine climates, records are documented from Scandinavia, Greenland, Iceland, and parts of central and northern Asia. The species was described in 2005 after DNA evidence showed it was distinct from the closely related Tetramelas pulverulentus.

Tetramelas pulverulentus
Tetramelas pulverulentus is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Caliciaceae. Originally described from Italy in 1860, this inconspicuous fungus lives hidden within the white inner tissue (medulla) of its host lichen rather than forming a visible crust on the surface. It produces tiny black fruiting bodies that contain brown ascospores and is distinguished from related species by having spores divided into three compartments (septa).
R. K. S. Bhadauria
Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria PVSM AVSM VM ADC  (born 15 September 1959), is a retired Indian Air Force officer, who served as the Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force, having assumed office on 30 September 2019 after the retirement of Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa. He retired on 30 September 2021 and was succeeded by Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Bandar Shahi Mosque
Bandar Shahi Mosque (Bengali: বন্দর শাহী মসজিদ) is a medieval mosque situated at Bandar, Narayanganj district. It was built in 1482 AD by Baba Saleh a high official under Sultan Jalaluddin Fateh Shah (r. 1481–1487).

Narayanganj District
Narayanganj District (Bengali: নারায়ণগঞ্জ জেলা, romanized: nārāẏoṇgoñjo jela) is a district in central Bangladesh which is a part of Dhaka Division. It is the smallest district in Bangladesh. It is home to the ancient city of one of the oldest industrial districts in the country. The district lies on the banks of the Shitalakshya River and the Meghna River. It is an industrial hub and plays an important part in the country's jute trade, plant processing and sector. It is nicknamed the "Dundee of Bangladesh" due to the presence of many jute mills.
Mikoy Morales
Vincent Marco Chu Morales (born December 11, 1993), professionally known as Mikoy Morales, is a Filipino actor, model, singer, comedian, and television personality. Along with Ruru Madrid, Zandra Summer and Elle Ramirez, he is a runner-up on Protégé: The Battle for the Big Artista Break.

Morales was a mainstay of gag show Bubble Gang from 2015 until 2022, and is known for his roles in Pepito Manaloto, Sirkus, and Lolong.

Ruru Madrid
José Ezekiel Misa Madrid (born December 4, 1997), known professionally as Ruru Madrid (Tagalog: [ˈrurʊ maˈdɾid]), is a Filipino actor, singer, model, and host who rose to fame in Protégé.

He is known for portraying the role of Ybarro / Ybrahim in the 2016 version of Encantadia, the title role of Lolong in a 2022 series with the same title and Elias P. Guerrero in Black Rider. His accolades include Best Drama Actor at the PMPC Star Awards for Television for Encantadia in 2017, Best Single Performance by an Actor for an episode of Magpakailanman in 2018, Outstanding Breakthrough Performance by an Actor at the 5th Golden Screen TV Awards, a Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival Award, Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Green Bones at the 50th Metro Manila Film Festival, and nominations for Best Actor at the Singapore International Film Festival in 2014.
Sobey family
The Sobey family is a prominent family of businessmen and art collectors in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. They are best known for founding Sobeys, the second largest food retailer in Canada, which began as a small meat delivery business in 1907 and grew into a national chain of grocery stores under the leadership of Frank H. Sobey and his sons Bill, David, and Donald. The Sobey family's wealth is primarily concentrated in Empire Company, the parent company of Sobeys, which also holds considerable investments in real estate. The family has made substantial charitable donations through their foundations, primarily in the area of arts and culture. They have built a significant art collection, managed by the Sobey Art Foundation, which established the Sobey Art Award.

William Sobey
William Macdonald Sobey (9 June 1927 – 29 May 1989) was a Canadian businessman who was chairman of the board of Sobeys and held a variety of roles across 32 Canadian companies. He served as mayor of Stellarton, Nova Scotia from 1965 to 1970.
Interferon tau
Interferon tau (IFNτ, IFNT) is a Type I interferon made of a single chain of amino acids. IFN-τ was first discovered in ruminants as the signal for the maternal recognition of pregnancy and originally named ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1). It has many physiological functions in the mammalian uterus, and also has anti-inflammatory effect that aids in the protection of the semi-allogeneic conceptus trophectoderm from the maternal immune system.

IFN-τ genes have only been found in ruminants that belong to the Artidactyla order, and multiple polymorphisms and several variants of IFN-τ have been identified. Although IFN-τ has been shown not to be produced in humans, both human and mouse cells respond to its effects. IFN-τ binds to the same IFN receptors as IFN-α and induces intracellular signalling through STAT1, STAT2, and Tyk2. This leads to the production of antiviral and immunomodulatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10.

Interferon type I
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA17 and IFNA21), IFNω (IFNW1), IFNɛ (IFNE), IFNк (IFNK) and IFNβ (IFNB1), plus 11 IFN pseudogenes.

Interferons bind to interferon receptors. All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN-α receptor (IFNAR) that consists of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains.

Type I IFNs are found in all mammals, and homologous (similar) molecules have been found in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish species.
Pudahuel
Pudahuel (Spanish pronunciation: [puðaˈwel], Mapudungun "place of pools/water" or "place where seagulls gather") is a commune of Chile located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. Santiago's Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport is located in Pudahuel.

Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago Metropolitan Region (Spanish: Región Metropolitana de Santiago) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It is the country's only landlocked administrative region and contains the nation's capital, Santiago. Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region, including Chile's main international airport, Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.

With an area of 15,403.2 km2 (5,947 sq mi) and population over seven million, it is Chile's most populated and most densely populated region. It is also the most developed subdivision in all of South America with a very high HDI of 0.908.