hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blue Grass, Iowa
Blue Grass is a city in Muscatine and Scott counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 1,666 as of 2020.

Most of Blue Grass is part of the Davenport–Moline–Rock Island, IA-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area, but the Muscatine County portion of the city is considered part of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Scott County, Iowa
Scott County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 174,669, and was estimated to be 175,601 in 2024, making it the third-most populous county in Iowa. The county seat the largest city is Davenport.

Scott County is included in the Davenport–Moline-Rock Island, IA–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
File system fragmentation
File system fragmentation, sometimes called file system aging, is a characteristic of a file system that stores  files in non-contiguous blocks. It is a special case of  data fragmentation. File system fragmentation negatively impacts seek time for disk storage (spinning storage medium), which lowers throughput. Fragmentation can be eliminated by re-organizing files as contiguous areas, a process called defragmentation.

A solid-state drive (SSD) does not mechanically seek, so non-sequential access is orders of magnitude faster than disk drives, making fragmentation significantly less of an issue. In fact, best practice is to not defragment an SSD, because doing so can prematurely wear drives via unnecessary write and erase operations.

Locality of reference
In computer science, locality of reference, also known as the principle of locality, is the tendency of a processor to access the same set of memory locations repetitively over a short period of time. There are two basic types of reference locality – temporal and spatial locality. Temporal locality refers to the reuse of specific data and/or resources within a relatively small time duration. Spatial locality (also termed data locality) refers to the use of data elements within relatively close storage locations. Sequential locality, a special case of spatial locality, occurs when data elements are arranged and accessed linearly, such as traversing the elements in a one-dimensional array.

Locality is a type of predictable behavior that occurs in computer systems. Systems which exhibit strong locality of reference are good candidates for performance optimization through the use of techniques such as the caching, prefetching for memory and advanced branch predictors of a processor core.
Franco Solinas
Franco Solinas (19 January 1927 – 14 September 1982) was an Italian writer and screenwriter. He is best known for the screenplays of The Battle of Algiers, which was nominated for three Academy Awards, and State of Siege. He also wrote the 1969 historical drama ¡Queimada!, starring Marlon Brando. Both films were directed by Gillo Pontecorvo.

Solinas is also credited with writing several notable Zapata westerns, including Tepepa, The Mercenary, A Bullet for the General, and The Big Gundown.

The Mercenary (film)
The Mercenary (Italian: Il mercenario), known in the UK as A Professional Gun, is a 1968 Zapata Western film directed by Sergio Corbucci. The film stars: Franco Nero, Jack Palance, Tony Musante, Eduardo Fajardo and Giovanna Ralli, and features a musical score by Ennio Morricone, taking inspiration from his work in Guns for San Sebastian, and Bruno Nicolai.
Shalford Mill
Shalford Mill is an 18th-century Grade II* listed watermill located on the River Tillingbourne in Shalford, near Guildford, Surrey, England. In 1932, the mill was endowed to the National Trust by a group of eccentric young female philanthropists calling themselves Ferguson's Gang.

Shalford, Surrey
Shalford is a village and civil parish in the Guildford district, in Surrey, England on the A281 Horsham road immediately south of Guildford. It has a railway station which is between Guildford and Dorking on the Reading to Gatwick Airport line. In 2011 the parish had a population of 4,142.

It has one named locality, occupying the west of the area, Peasmarsh.

Shalford's village sign was designed by Christopher Webb and W H Randall Blacking in 1922, as part of a competition run by the Daily Mail. It shows Saint Christopher carrying the Christ Child over a shallow ford.
Daulis (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Daulis (Ancient Greek: Δαυλίς) and at a later stage Daulia (Ancient Greek: Δαυλία) and Daulion (Ancient Greek: Δαύλιον) was the name of a mythological figure and Davleia, the city in Phocis, is named after her. Daulis was the hometown of Tereus, Thracian king and also the city at the end of the road not taken by Oedipus.

Davleia
Davleia (Greek: Δαύλεια) is a village and a former municipality in Boeotia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Livadeia, of which it is a municipal unit. Its name comes from the ancient settlement Daulis. The municipal unit has an area of 94.985 km2, the community 61.725 km2. The municipality includes the eastern portion of Mount Parnassos. Phthiotis lies to the north.  Davleia is located ESE of Lamia, SW of Kamena Vourla, W of Livadeia and Thiva, NE of Itea and E of Delphi.
Liu Peiqi
Liu Peiqi (Chinese: 刘佩琦; born 30 November 1957) is a Chinese actor. He started his training in 1979 when he joined Military Art School. He joined Military Drama Group in Xinjiang Province in 1983. In 1985 he starred in his first movie, Father and Son, directed by Wang Bingling. After transferring to Beijing Military Drama Group, then the China National Drama Group, Liu starred in Days Without Leifeng, directed by Lei Xianhe. For his performance, he was awarded the Golden Rooster for Best Actor (China's version of the Academy Award). He was also awarded Best Performance in a Male Leading Role in the Outstanding Film Awards organized by the Chinese Ministry of Radio, Film and Television.
Liu's recent credits include starring roles in Zhang Yimou's The Story of Qiu Ju, Zhou Xiaowen's Ermo and Chen Kaige's Together, for which he was awarded the San Sebastián International Film Festival Award for Best Actor, becoming the first Chinese actor ever to receive that award.

Ermo
Ermo (Chinese: 二嫫; pinyin: Èrmó) is a Chinese comedy/drama film, released in 1994 and directed by Zhou Xiaowen. It is essentially a satire on Western consumerism and its influence on Chinese culture.

It was adapted from a novella written by Xu Baoqi. Tan Ye and Yun Zhu, authors of Historical Dictionary of Chinese Cinema, wrote that Ermo "observes the new trends of capitalism and consumerism in rural China at the beginning of the reform era".
Transport in Tanzania
Tanzania’s transport system comprises road, rail, air, and maritime infrastructure, serving both domestic mobility and international trade through key ports like Dar es Salaam . The road network is 86,472 kilometres (53,731 mi) long, of which 12,786 kilometres (7,945 mi) is classified as trunk road and 21,105 kilometres (13,114 mi) as regional road. The rail network consists of 3,682 kilometres (2,288 mi) of track. Commuter rail service is in Dar es Salaam only. There are 28 airports, with Julius Nyerere International being the largest and the busiest. Ferries connect Mainland Tanzania with the islands of Zanzibar. Several other ferries are active on the countries' rivers and lakes.

Kidatu
Kidatu is a town in central Tanzania, located in Kilombero District, Morogoro Region.  The local population is about 3,300. The primary economic activity is the large Illovo sugar cane plantation and factory which produces 130,000 tonnes (130,000 long tons; 140,000 short tons) of sugar per year.
Sting (company)
Sting (株式会社スティング) is a Japanese game development studio.  Some of their titles include Treasure Hunter G, Evolution: The World of Sacred Device, and the Dept. Heaven series of games. Its active properties currently include Baroque, Dokapon, and the Dept. Heaven series.

Dept. Heaven
Dept. Heaven is a series of video games developed by Sting, headed by Shinichi Ito. Four main entries were released across the 2000s and early 2010s - Riviera: The Promised Land (2002), Yggdra Union (2006), Knights in the Nightmare (2008) and Gungnir (2011). While a fifth entry was briefly teased in 2008, only spinoffs and remasters have released moving into the 2020s.
Providence Presbyterian Church
Providence Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located near Gum Spring, Louisa County, Virginia. It was built in 1747, and is a two-story, three-bay, wood-frame building measuring 50 feet, 3 inches, by 26 feet, 4 inches.  It is one of the few frame churches in Virginia remaining from colonial times and was one of the first Presbyterian churches to be built in the central part of the state. Samuel Davies served as its first minister until 1759, when he assumed the presidency of Princeton University.  A distinguished son of the church was Robert Lewis Dabney, noted mid-19th century Presbyterian minister and church architect.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Robert Lewis Dabney
Robert Lewis Dabney (March 5, 1820 – January 3, 1898) was a Southern Presbyterian pastor and theologian, Confederate army chaplain, and architect from Virginia. He was also chief of staff and biographer to Stonewall Jackson; his biography of Jackson remains in print today.

Dabney and James Henley Thornwell were two of Southern Presbyterianism's most influential scholars. They were both Calvinist, Old School Presbyterians, and social conservatives. Some conservative Presbyterians, particularly within the Presbyterian Church in America and the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, still value their theological writings, although some within these churches have repudiated Dabney's and Thornwell's beliefs in support of white supremacy and antebellum slavery.
Dan Sundquist
Thord Dan Rickard Sundqvist (born September 10, 1958) is a Swedish music producer, songwriter and composer.

He is best known for Reeperbahn's Venuspassagen, Jakob Hellman's, "och stora havet", Wilmer X's #1 hit "Vem får nu se alla tårar", Anne-Lie Rydé's Stulna Kyssar, Uno Svenningsson's "Under ytan", Melody Club's debut, and #1 hit "Electric". His work as film composer includes the American film Whitney, and as a producer of musicals includes Livet Är En Schlager and I Love Musicals.

Sundquist has produced over 70 albums with 15 #1 hits in Sweden, numerous top 10's, and 18 Gold and 11 Platinum certifications. He has seven Swedish Grammy Awards, including Producer of The Year, and three nominations.

Jakob Hellman
Jakob Hellman (born 20 October 1965) is a Swedish pop singer. His debut album, ...och stora havet, released in 1989, was his only release for 32 years. He released his second album, Äntligen borta, on 8 January 2021. He is still a well-known figure in Swedish music.
Sf9 (cells)
Sf9 cells, a clonal isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf21 cells (IPLB-Sf21-AE), are commonly used in insect cell culture for recombinant protein production using baculovirus expression system. They were originally established from ovarian tissue. They can be grown in the absence of serum, and can be cultured attached or in suspension.

Sf9 cell lines are widely utilized in the manufacture of recombinant protein antigens, including certain COVID-19 vaccines (like NVX-CoV2373 or ZF2001). Because subunit vaccines contain only specific viral components, they are generally considered safe for use across diverse demographic groups, including individuals with reduced immune function, as well as children and older adults. An additional practical advantage of this vaccine type is its stability, allowing for easier storage and distribution.

Novavax COVID-19 vaccine
The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Nuvaxovid and Covovax, among others, is a subunit COVID-19 vaccine developed by Novavax and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.

Updated versions of the vaccine have been developed to provide coverage against the Omicron variant, with different formulas for 2023–2024 (containing a recombinant spike protein from lineage XBB.1.5) and 2024–2025 (containing recombinant spike protein from lineage JN.1).
Ojców
Ojców [ˈɔi̯t͡suf] is a village in Gmina Skała, in Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is one of the sights of the Eagle Nests Trail (Szlak Orlich Gniazd), as there are the ruins of a gothic castle near the village. The village is where the authorities of the Ojców National Park (the smallest of Poland's 23 national parks) have their headquarters.

Ojców Castle
Ojców Castle (Polish: Zamek Ojców) - a castle located in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, part of a system of castles known as the Eagle's Nests (Polish: Orle Gniazda) - formerly protecting the southern border of the Kingdom of Poland; currently housing a museum dedicated to the castle in its renovated castle-tower. The castle is located in the village of Ojców (25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Kraków), Lesser Poland Voivodeship; in Poland.

The castle was used as a stronghold, built by Casimir III the Great in the second half of the fourteenth century.

The castle is located in the Ojcowski National Park.
Papua New Guinea Party
The Papua New Guinea Party is a political party in Papua New Guinea. It was founded in 2007 by former Prime Minister and Leader of the People's Democratic Movement, Mekere Morauta, along with MP Wake Goi.

The party won 8 out of 109 seats in the 2007 General Election. With this result, the party became the largest opposition party.

When Morauta stepped down from the leadership of the opposition and of the party in May 2010, Belden Namah was elected to succeed him in both positions. In August 2011, following a change in government, Namah became Deputy Prime Minister under PM Peter O'Neill, as part of a coalition government.

By January 2012, the party's parliamentary membership had increased to 25, as members of smaller parties joined.

The party has 3 members in the 113-seat National Parliament of Papua New Guinea as of December 2022.

Mekere Morauta
Sir Mekere Morauta KCMG PC (12 June 1946 – 19 December 2020) was a Papua New Guinean politician and economist who served as the 7th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 1999 to 2002.  Inheriting a depressed economy and a fractious legislature, he embarked on fundamental reforms of the country's economy and political system.

Before entering politics, Morauta led the post-independence process of building financial infrastructure in Papua New Guinea as Secretary of Finance, Managing Director of the state-owned Papua New Guinea Banking Corporation, and Governor of the central bank.  As a member of parliament, he represented Port Moresby North West from 1997 until 2012, and again from 2017 until his death in 2020.

Morauta remained an active opposition leader during the successive governments of Sir Michael Somare and Peter O'Neill, especially focusing on the politics of natural resources.
Saint-Ghislain
Saint-Ghislain (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ɡilɛ̃] ⓘ; Picard: Saint-Guilagne; Walloon: Sint-Guilin) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

On 1 January 2018 the municipality had 23,335 inhabitants. The total area is 70.18 square kilometres (27.10 sq mi), giving a population density of 333 inhabitants per square kilometre (860/sq mi).

The municipality consists of the following districts: Baudour, Hautrage, Neufmaison, Saint-Ghislain, Sirault, Tertre et Villerot.

Baudour
Baudour (French pronunciation: [boduʁ]) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Saint-Ghislain. It is located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium, at an average altitude of 53 meters above the sea level. As of 2022, the village had a population of 6,049.
The Tomorrow People
The Tomorrow People is a British children's science fiction television series created by Roger Price. Produced by Thames Television for the ITV Network, the series first ran from 30 April 1973 to 19 February 1979.

The theme music was composed by Australian music composer Dudley Simpson.

In 1992, after having much success with running episodes of the original series in the U.S., Nickelodeon requested Price and Thames Television for a new version to be piloted and filmed at Nickelodeon Studios Florida in April 1992, with Price acting as executive producer. This version used the same basic premise as the original series with some changes and ran until 8 March 1995. A series of audio plays using the original concept and characters (and many of the original series' actors) was produced by Big Finish Productions between 2001 and 2007. In 2013, an American remake of the show premiered on The CW.

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
Ravi Kishan
Ravindra Kishan Shukla (born 17 July 1969), popularly known as Ravi Kishan, is an Indian actor, politician, film producer and television personality. He currently serves as Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Gorakhpur. He received a Sansad Ratna award in 2025 for his performance in parliamentary duties. His film works are predominantly in Bhojpuri and Hindi cinema, as well as Telugu cinema. He has also appeared in a few Kannada and Tamil films.

In 2006, he participated in Bigg Boss. He ended up as the second runner up. He was also a contestant on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5 in 2012.

Kishan won Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor and IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film Laapataa Ladies.

IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor
The IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor recognizes a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role. The award is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the ceremony. Anil Kapoor is leading with 4 wins.
Rachel Giese
Rachel Giese is a Canadian journalist, who won the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing in 2019 for her book Boys: What It Means to Become a Man. Currently the editorial director of LGBT news website Daily Xtra, her work has also appeared in The Grid, The Walrus, the Toronto Star, Chatelaine, The Globe and Mail, Toronto Life, Canadian Business, Hazlitt and Flare. She has taught feature journalism writing at Ryerson University, and has been heard on CBC Radio as a guest host of Q, Day 6 and The Sunday Edition.

An out lesbian, she lives in Toronto with her partner Jenn Miller and their son.

Xtra Magazine
Xtra Magazine (formerly Daily Xtra  and Xtra!) is an LGBTQ-focused digital publication and former print newspaper published by Pink Triangle Press in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The publication is a continuation of the company's former print titles Xtra!, Xtra Ottawa, and Xtra Vancouver, which were all discontinued in 2015.
2003 Guatemalan general election
General elections were held in Guatemala on 9 November 2003, with a second round of the presidential election held on 28 December. Óscar Berger won the presidential election, representing the Grand National Alliance, a coalition of  alliance of the Patriotic Party, the Reform Movement and the National Solidarity Party. The Alliance were also victorious in the Congressional elections, winning 47 of the 158 seats. Voter turnout was 57.9% in the Congressional elections, 58.9% in the first round of the presidential elections and 46.8% in the second.

National Solidarity Party (Guatemala)
The National Solidarity Party  (Spanish: Partido Solidaridad Nacional, PSN) was a political party in Guatemala.

In the general election held on 9 November 2003, the party was part of the Grand National Alliance (GANA). In the legislative election, GANA won 24.3% of the vote, and 47 out of 158 seats in Congress. The presidential candidate of the alliance, Óscar Berger Perdomo, won 34.3% at the presidential elections of the same day. He won 54.1% at the second round and was elected president.

In November 2005, following the withdrawal of the other two member parties from GANA, the PSN ceded its registration as a political party to the Grand National Alliance. In effect, the PSN became the GANA.
Tokudaia
Tokudaia is a genus of murine rodent native to Japan. Known as Ryūkyū spiny rats or spinous country-rats, population groups exist on several non-contiguous islands. Despite differences in name and appearance, they are the closest living relatives of the Eurasian field mouse (Apodemus). Of the three species, both T. osimensis and T. tokunoshimensis have lost their Y chromosome and SRY gene; the sex chromosomes of T. muenninki, on the other hand, are abnormally large.

Named species are:

Muennink's spiny rat, Tokudaia muenninki

Ryukyu spiny rat, Tokudaia osimensis

Tokunoshima spiny rat, Tokudaia tokunoshimensis

At least Tokudaia osimensis may be a cryptic species complex.

Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is used for sex-determining as the presence of the Y chromosome typically causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to develop phenotypically male. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which usually triggers the differentiation of male gonads. The Y chromosome is typically only passed from male parents to male offspring.
The Cheetah Girls (franchise)
The Cheetah Girls is a Disney Channel media franchise based on the novel series of the same name by Deborah Gregory, who was also co-producer of the film trilogy. The films are about a female vocal group seeking success and fortune.

Sabrina Bryan
Reba Sabrina Hinojosa (born September 16, 1984), known professionally as Sabrina Bryan, is an American singer and actress. She is best known as a member of the girl group the Cheetah Girls, starring in the Disney Channel Original Movie The Cheetah Girls and its sequels, The Cheetah Girls 2 and The Cheetah Girls: One World. Before she appeared on television, Bryan was a dancer, and trained at Hart Academy of Dance, located in La Habra, California.
Charles F. Pfister
Charles F. Pfister (June 17, 1859 – November 12, 1927) was a wealthy tannery magnate, bank financier, utility owner, newspaper publisher, hotelier and philanthropist in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was also a central figure in the stalwart "Old Guard" of the Republican Party of Wisconsin during the rise of the state's progressive Republicans. Although never a political candidate himself, Pfister advised on tactics and used his vast holdings to fund the party's operations, dictate favored legislation, and re-edit the opinion pages of Wisconsin newspapers. A lifelong bachelor, Pfister belonged to many clubs and organizations but shunned the spotlight. He donated much of his fortune to local arts groups and charities.

Republican Party of Wisconsin
The Republican Party of Wisconsin is a conservative and populist political party in Wisconsin and is the Wisconsin affiliate of the United States Republican Party (GOP).  The state party chair is Brian Schimming. The state party is divided into 72 county parties for each of the state's counties, as well as organizations for the state's eight congressional districts. It currently controls the majority of Wisconsin's U.S. House seats, one of its U.S. Senate seats, and has majorites in both houses of the state legislature.