hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constitutional history of Turkey
Over the centuries, Turkey has had many constitutions and can be characterised by the steady establishment of a nation-state, democratisation and recognition of international law.

Turkey's constitutional history dates from 1808 to the present. Over the years, Turkey has had many constitutions and radical amendments made to those constitutions. The four main constitutions of Turkey since inception have been the Constitution of 1921, the Constitution of 1924, the Constitution of 1961 and the Constitution of 1982. Prior to these constitutions, Turkey was governed by the Ottoman Empire and other fundamental instruments such as the Sened-I Ittifak, Imperial Edict of Reorganisation, the Ottoman Reform Edict, the Ottoman Constitution of 1876.

The current 1982 Turkish constitution has been ratified nineteen times, with its most recent revision in 2017 which was aimed at improving the rights and liberties of individuals and strengthening the rule of law.

Turkish Constitution of 1921
The Constitution of 1921 (Ottoman Turkish: تشکیلات اساسييه قانونى, romanized: Teşkilât-i Esasiyye Kanunu; Turkish: 1921 Türk Anayasası) was the fundamental law of Turkey for a brief period from 1921 to 1924. The first constitution of the modern Turkish state, it was ratified by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in January 1921. It was a simple document consisting of only 23 short articles. In October 1923 the constitution was amended to declare Turkey to be a republic. In April the following year the constitution was replaced by an entirely new document, the Constitution of 1924.
Saint-Cléophas
Saint-Cléophas is a Parish municipality in the regional county municipality of La Matapédia in Quebec (Canada), situated in the administrative region of Bas-Saint-Laurent.

The name chosen for the parish during the municipal erection in 1921, highlights the work of Father Joseph Cleophas Saindon (1866-1941), a priest of the neighbouring parish of Saint-Nom-de-Marie-de-Sayabec from 1896 to 1941, serving the parish from 1918. It is also named in honour of Saint Cleophas.

La Matapédia Regional County Municipality
La Matapédia (French pronunciation: [la matapedja]) is a regional county municipality (RCM) in eastern Quebec, Canada at the base of the Gaspé peninsula, in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region. Its seat is in Amqui. It is named after the Matapédia River which runs through the western part of the RCM.

La Matapédia was created on January 1, 1982, succeeding from the former Matapédia County Municipality. The region was subject to one of the last waves of colonization in Quebec, settled mostly by people from the Lower Saint-Lawrence between 1850 and 1950. It is a rural region in the Matapedia Valley crossed by the Notre Dame Mountains. Agriculture and logging, and its related industries (forestry and wood products), are the main economic activities.
1986 Maryland House of Delegates election
The 1986 Maryland House of Delegates elections were held on November 4, 1986, as part of the 1986 United States elections, including the 1986 Maryland gubernatorial election. All 141 of Maryland's state delegates were up for reelection.

1986 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1986 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1986. Democratic nominee William Donald Schaefer defeated Republican nominee Thomas J. Mooney with 82.37% of the vote. To date this is the largest percentage total ever for a contested statewide election in Maryland.

As of November, 2025, this is the last time a candidate from either party carried every county in a gubernatorial election, and the last time the Democratic candidate won a majority of counties in a gubernatorial election. He is also the last Democrat to win the following counties: Garrett, Washington, Carroll, Queen Anne's, Caroline, Dorchester, Wicomico, and Somerset. Anne Arundel County, Frederick County, Kent County, and Talbot County would not vote Democratic again until 2022.
2016–17 Basketball Champions League playoffs
The 2016–17 Basketball Champions League playoffs began on 7 February, and ended on 30 April, with the Final, which decided the champions of the 2016–17 season of the Basketball Champions League. 24 teams compete in the playoffs.

Times up to 25 March 2017 (round of 16) were CET (UTC+1), thereafter (quarter-finals and beyond) times were CEST (UTC+2).

2016–17 Basketball Champions League
The 2016–17 Basketball Champions League was the inaugural season of the Basketball Champions League (BCL), a European professional basketball competition for clubs that was launched by FIBA. The competition began on 27 September 2016, with the qualifying rounds, and concluded on 30 April 2017, at the Final Four. It featured 17 domestic champion teams and 9 runners-up.

A number of 52 teams from 31 countries participated in the competition, including its qualifying rounds. Iberostar Tenerife won the inaugural season of the BCL, after winning the final of the Final Four which was hosted in its home arena.
1952 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1952 Davis Cup.

23 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Italy defeated Belgium in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

1952 Davis Cup
The 1952 Davis Cup was the 41st edition of the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 23 teams entered in the Europe Zone, 5 teams entered in the America Zone, and India was the sole competitor in the new Eastern Zone.

The United States defeated Canada in the America Zone final, and Italy defeated Belgium in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Italy defeated India in the semifinal, and then lost to the United States in the final. In the Challenge Round the United States fell to the defending champions Australia. The final was played at the Memorial Drive Park in Adelaide, Australia on 29–31 December.
Selencia
Selencia was an early 12th-century entity at or near the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, mentioned only in the chronicles of Gallus Anonymus, who listed it as one of three northern neighbors of Piast Poland around 1115 (the other ones being "Pomorania" and "Pruzia." It has been proposed that Selencia was a misspelling of Luticia, or that Selencia was a short-lived state centered on the Oder estuary, probably destroyed when in 1122 Boleslaw III Wrymouth of Poland defeated, according to the annals of Cracow, a "Zuetopolc dux Odrensis."

Pomeranians (tribe)
The Pomeranians (Kashubian: Pòmòrzónie; Polish: Pomorzanie; German: Pomoranen), first mentioned as such in the 10th century, were a West Slavic tribe, which from the 5th to the 6th centuries had settled at the shore of the Baltic Sea between the mouths of the Oder and Vistula Rivers (the latter Farther Pomerania and Pomerelia). They spoke the Pomeranian language that belonged to the Lechitic languages, a branch of the West Slavic language family.

The name Pomerania has its origin in the Old Polish po more, which means "Land at the Sea".
Adrian Hoecken
Adrianus Hoecken, SJ (Tilburg, 1815 – Milwaukee, 1897) was a Jesuit missionary of Dutch origin who worked among different Native American tribes in the United States. He was a younger brother of fellow Jesuit Christian Hoecken and one of the first travel companions of fellow Jesuit Pierre-Jean De Smet.

Pierre-Jean De Smet
Pierre-Jean De Smet, SJ (Dutch and French IPA: [də smɛt]; 30 January 1801 – 23 May 1873), also known as Pieter-Jan De Smet, was a Flemish Catholic priest and member of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). He is known primarily for his widespread missionary work in the mid-19th century among the Native American peoples, in the midwestern and northwestern United States and western Canada.

His extensive travels as a missionary were said to total 180,000 miles (290,000 km). He was affectionately known as "Friend of Sitting Bull", as he persuaded the Sioux war chief to participate in negotiations with the American government for the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie. The Native Americans gave him the affectionate nickname De Grote Zwartrok ("The Great Black Skirt").
Pedro Ribeiro (football manager)
Pedro Ricardo Torres Ribeiro (born 26 November 1985) is a Portuguese football manager.

He began coaching at age 19, and worked as an assistant at Porto and other clubs under Vítor Pereira. He managed Belenenses SAD briefly in the Primeira Liga, and four clubs in the second tier.

Vítor Pereira (footballer, born 1968)
Vítor Manuel de Oliveira Lopes Pereira (born 26 July 1968) is a Portuguese football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the head coach of Premier League club Nottingham Forest.

Following an amateur playing career, he became manager of Porto, where he won the Primeira Liga in both of his seasons. After leaving in 2013 he worked in several countries, winning a Greek league and cup double with Olympiacos in 2015 and the Chinese Super League with Shanghai SIPG in 2018.
Herbert Neville Bewley
Herbert Neville Bewley C.B.E., J.P. (1890–1966) was a British Lawyer and politician who served as Lord Mayor of Liverpool.

Bewley was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire in 1890.  He was educated at Liverpool College and Wadham College, Oxford. He was elected to Liverpool City Council on 1 November 1931 as Conservative for Much Woolton Ward.

He was made a Justice of the Peace in 1944.  He was appointed Commander, Order of the British Empire (C.B.E.) in the New Years Honours 1956. He lived in Crosby on Hall Road West

He served as Lord Mayor of Liverpool from 1959 to 1960.

Lord Mayor of Liverpool
The Lord Mayor of Liverpool is a largely ceremonial civic office of Liverpool City Council. The Lord Mayor is the ‘first citizen’ of Liverpool representing the city and acting as a focal point of community events and is also the presiding officer for the Liverpool City Council Chamber.

The post has existed in one form or another since the foundation of Liverpool as a borough by the Royal Charter of King John in 1207, then simply being referred to as the Mayor of Liverpool. The position is now a largely ceremonial and civic role. It is one of the two Mayor positions that serve Liverpool with the other being the Mayor of the Liverpool City Region a non ceremonial, executive post.

The position of Lord Mayor is always held by a sitting councillor, currently the Lord Mayor of Liverpool is Cllr Barbara Murray, who has held the post since May 2025. The current deputy Lord Mayor is Cllr William Shortall.
2019 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2019 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were the 40th edition of the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships. The event took place from 24 to 29 September 2019 in La Seu d'Urgell, Catalonia, Spain under the auspices of International Canoe Federation (ICF). The events took place at the Segre Olympic Park which also hosted the canoe slalom events at the 1992 Summer Olympics. La Seu d'Urgell hosted the championships for the third time after previously hosting the event in 1999 and 2009.

As is traditional in a pre-Olympic year, the Championships also doubled as the primary qualification event for the 2020 Summer Olympics. The top placed boats (subject to a limit of one per nation) earned their NOCs a qualification quota. 18 qualification spots were available in the K1 events, and eleven in the C1.

Seu also hosted the Wildwater Canoeing World Championships as part of the same event.

Canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification
This article details the canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics qualifying phase. The 2020 Summer Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Similar to 2012 and 2016 format, a qualification system has been set up for both slalom and sprint canoeing at these games. The quotas have already been set for each event by the International Canoe Federation in October 2018.
2018–2024 Arab protests
The 2018–2024 Arab protests were a series of anti-government protests which began in several Arab world countries in 2018.

In Iraq, the deadliest incident of civil unrest since the fall of Saddam Hussein resulted in its prime minister Adil Abdul-Mahdi being replaced.

Sustained civil disobedience in Sudan resulted in the overthrow of president Omar al-Bashir in a military coup d'état, the Khartoum massacre, and the transfer of power from a military junta to the Transitional Sovereignty Council but led to a civil war in 2023.

In Algeria, a series of mass protests resulted in the resignation of president Abdelaziz Bouteflika, and the postponement of the scheduled presidential election. Other protests also took place in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, and Tunisia, along with economic protests in the Gaza Strip.

2019 Sudanese coup d'état
A coup d'état took place in Sudan in the late afternoon on 11 April 2019, when President Omar al-Bashir was overthrown by the Sudanese Armed Forces after popular protests demanded his departure. At that time, the army, led by Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf, toppled the government and National Legislature and declared a state of emergency in the country for a period of three months, followed by a transitional period of two years before an agreement was reached later.
Amalia Solórzano
Amalia Alejandra Solórzano Bravo (July 10, 1911 – December 12, 2008) was the First Lady of Mexico from 1934 to 1940. She was the wife of president Lázaro Cárdenas, the mother of the thrice ex-presidential candidate and former Head of Government of the Federal District, Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, and the grandmother of the former Governor of Michoacán, Lázaro Cárdenas Batel.

First ladies and gentlemen of Mexico
The first lady of Mexico (Spanish: Primera Dama de México) or first gentleman of Mexico (Spanish: Primer Caballero de México) is the informal title held by the spouse of the president of Mexico, concurrent with the president's term of office.

The position has no legal foundation and was originally started as a courtesy title. However, several holders of the title have taken on ceremonial roles during the presidential tenure of their spouses and have used the position to advocate for various causes.

Jesús María Tarriba is the current First Gentleman of Mexico as the husband of President Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo.
Yucca House National Monument
Yucca House National Monument is a United States National Monument located in Montezuma County, Colorado between the towns of Towaoc (headquarters of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe) and Cortez, Colorado. Yucca House is a large, unexcavated Ancestral Puebloan archaeological site.

Yucca House was established as a national monument in 1919, by President Woodrow Wilson's Proclamation No. 1549.

Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
The Ute Mountain Ute Tribe /ˈjuːt/ (Ute dialect: Wʉgama Núuchi) is one of three federally recognized tribes of the Ute Nation, and are mostly descendants of the historic Weeminuche Band who moved to the Southern Ute reservation in 1897. Their reservation is headquartered at Towaoc, Colorado, on the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation in southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico and small sections of Utah.
Francisco V. Coching
Francisco Vicente Coching (January 29, 1919 – September 1, 1998) was a Filipino comic book illustrator and writer during the Golden Age of Philippine comics. He is regarded as one of the "pillars of the Philippine Komiks Industry", the "King of Komiks", and the "Dean of Philippine Comics". He created the iconic characters Pedro Penduko, Hagibis, and Sabas, ang barbaro.

In 2014, he was posthumously conferred as a National Artist for Visual Arts, the highest honor for artists in the Philippines.

National Artist of the Philippines
The Order of National Artists of the Philippines (Tagalog: Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas) is an order bestowed by the President of the Philippines on Philippine nationals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine art. Members of the order are known as National Artists. Originally instituted as an award, it was elevated to the status of an order in 2003.

The order is administered by the Cultural Center of the Philippines by virtue of President Ferdinand Marcos's Proclamation No. 1001 of April 27, 1972, and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The first award was posthumously conferred on Filipino painter Fernando Amorsolo.
Harmonize (musician)
Rajabu Abdulkahali Ibrahim known professionally as Harmonize, is a Tanzanian singer, songwriter, and entrepreneur. He first emerged on the national music scene in 2015 with the release of his debut single Aiyola after signing with WCB Wasafi, the label founded by Diamond Platnumz. Following his departure from WCB Wasafi in 2019, Harmonize established his own record label, Konde Music Worldwide, under which he has released several projects spanning genres such as Bongo Flava, Afropop, and Afrobeats.

Throughout his career, Harmonize has worked with many other African musicians, including Diamond Platnumz, Mwemezi M Burna Boy, Yemi Alade, Ruger, Sarkodie and Naira Marley.

Diamond Platnumz
Naseeb Abdul Juma Issack, professionally known as  Diamond Platnumz, is a Tanzanian bongo flava recording artist, dancer, philanthropist and businessman. He is the founder and CEO of WCB Wasafi Record Label, Wasafi Bet and Wasafi Media. Diamond has gained a massive following in East and Central Africa. He became the first Africa-based artist to reach 900 million views on YouTube.

After signing a record deal with Universal Music in 2017, Platnumz released his third studio album, A Boy from Tandale (2018).

In 2021, Diamond together with his record label WCB Wasafi entered into a 360 Partnership with Warner Music Group.
Margaretta Williams
Margaretta (Rita) Williams (1933-2018) was a Welsh academic, lexicographer, Celtic linguist, translator and Breton scholar. She was elected an Honorary Member of the Welsh Gorsedd in 1994. She was awarded the French Order of the Ermine award in 1996 for her championing of the Welsh and Breton languages and literature over many decades.

Gorsedd Cymru
Gorsedd Cymru (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡɔrsɛð ˈkəmrɨ, -ri]), or simply the Gorsedd (Welsh: yr Orsedd), is a society of Welsh-language poets, writers, musicians and others who have contributed to the Welsh language and to public life in Wales. Its aim is to honour such individuals and help develop and promote their fields in addition to maintaining relationships with other Celtic nations and Y Wladfa in Patagonia. The Gorsedd is most prominent at the National Eisteddfod of Wales where it is responsible for the main ceremonies held.
2024 Colombian Women's Football League
The 2024 Colombian Women's Football League (officially known as the Liga Femenina BetPlay DIMAYOR 2024 for sponsorship purposes) was the eighth season of Colombia's women's football league. The season began on 16 February and ended on 16 August 2024.

Deportivo Cali won their second title in the competition, defeating the defending champions Santa Fe in the season's double-legged final by a 4–1 aggregate score.

Colombian Women's Football League
The Liga Femenina Profesional de Fútbol Colombiano (Colombian Professional Women's Football League) or Liga Femenina BetPlay DIMAYOR (sponsored name) is the top level women's football league in Colombia. The first season was held in 2017, with 18 teams taking part. The champion qualifies to the Copa Libertadores Femenina.
Hans Ziglarski
Hans Ziglarski (Polish: Jan Żyglarski, 16 October 1905 in Białystok, Russian Empire – 12 February 1975) was a Polish-German boxer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In 1928 he lost his first fight against Vince Glionna and was eliminated in the first round of the bantamweight competition. Four years later he won the silver medal in the bantamweight class after losing the final against Horace Gwynne. After World War II, Ziglarski went to Tehran and coached the Iranian boxer Emmanuel Agassi, the father of tennis player Andre Agassi.

Vince Glionna
Vincent Franklin Glionna (February 4, 1906 – October 31, 1973) was a Canadian boxer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was born in Toronto, Ontario.

In 1928, he was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the bantamweight class after losing his fight to the eventual bronze medalist Harry Isaacs of South Africa.
Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club
Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club (SCMC) is a Canadian outlaw motorcycle club. Once the dominant outlaw club in Ontario, with twelve chapters based in the province, and another in Montreal, Quebec, at its peak strength in 1977. Satan's Choice grew to more than 400 members by 1970, making it the second largest outlaw motorcycle club in the world, behind only the Hells Angels.

The club was involved in the first major outlaw biker conflict in Canadian history, when it engaged the country's second largest club, the Popeyes, from 1974 to 1976. Satan's Choice's power began to diminish during the late 1970s, with some of the club's chapters "patching over" to the Outlaws in 1977. The remaining chapters would eventually become members of the Hells Angels, along with most of the other major outlaw clubs in Ontario, in 2000. In 2017 the club was reactivated briefly but quickly shut down. In 2025 the club was reactivated by Harley Davidson Guindon, son of former President Bernie Guindon.

Hells Angels
The Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) is an international outlaw motorcycle club founded in California whose members typically ride Harley-Davidson motorcycles. In the United States and Canada, the Hells Angels are incorporated as the Hells Angels Motorcycle Corporation. Common nicknames for the club are the "H.A.", "Red & White", and "81". With a membership of over 6,000, and 592 charters in 66 countries, the HAMC is the largest outlaw biker club in the world.

The Hells Angels have a history of involvement in organized crime, such as drug trafficking, and engaging in violent conflict with other outlaw motorcycle clubs. Involvement in organized crime and violence has historically extended to the organization's most senior leadership. Many police and international intelligence agencies, including the United States Department of Justice, the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, the Australian Federal Police, and Europol, consider the club an organized crime syndicate.
Ivan Sokolov-Mikitov
Ivan Sergeyevich Sokolov-Mikitov (Russian: Ива́н Серге́евич Соколо́в-Микито́в; May 30, 1892 – February 20, 1975) was a Russian/Soviet writer and journalist who took part in numerous journeys and expeditions (including the famous Otto Schmidt-led trip to the Arctic Circle on icebreaker Georgiy Sedov in 1929-1930). Sokolov-Mikitov, best known for his engaging traveller's sketches, was also regarded as a fine nature-observing stylist, in the line of Konstantin Paustovsky and Mikhail Prishvin. Following the tradition of Russian realism (that of Tolstoy, Chekhov and Bunin), but still influenced by 1900s modernist authors (mostly Aleksey Remizov, his good friend and mentor), Sokolov-Mikitov developed his individual style of writing, incorporating elements of traditional Russian folk tales, bylinas and fables. Autobiographical novel Childhood (1931) is regarded as one of his finest.

Mikhail Prishvin
Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin (Russian: Михаи́л Миха́йлович При́швин; 4 February 1873 – 16 January 1954) was a Russian and Soviet novelist, prose writer and publicist. Prishvin himself defined his place in literature this way: "Rozanov is the afterword of Russian literature, and I am a free supplement. And that's all..."