hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Cook (racing driver)
David Cook (born 3 April 1975) is a British former racing driver, most notable for winning the British Formula Renault Championship in 1996, and for entering the International Formula 3000 series briefly in 1997 and 1998, driving for the family-run DC Cook Motorsports team.

British Formula Renault Championship
British Formula Renault Championship referred to one of two Formula Renault championships that were held in the United Kingdom. The main series was Renault Sport UK's Formula Renault 2.0 UK championship which was held from 1989 to 2011 and was generally recognized as the British Formula Renault championship. However, in March 2012 it was announced that the Formula Renault UK series would not take place in 2012, with the series being ended definitively in September 2012. A secondary championship organised by the British Automobile Racing Club and known as the Protyre Formula Renault Championship was held continuously between 1995 and 2014. The championship was the only Formula Renault 2.0 championship operating in the United Kingdom after the demise of the main series, but was ended after the 2014 season.
Mount Chō
Mount Chō (蝶ヶ岳, Chougatake) at 2,677 m (8,783 ft) is a mountain located in Japan. Mount Chō is part of the Hida Mountains (Northern Alps) in Chūbu-Sangaku National Park, and is located in the cities of Azumino and Matsumoto in Nagano Prefecture. It is located to the south of Mount Jōnen on the ridgeline of the Jōnen Mountain Range. Mount Chō is a popular destination for hikers because it offers views of other famous Japanese mountains, including Mount Yari and Mount Hotakadake along the Panorama Ginza.

The summit of Mount Chō has a gentle slope, and near the summit, several small ponds are found, including Chougaike (蝶ヶ池) at 2,655 m (8,711 ft) and Youseinoike (妖精ノ池) at 2,605 m (8,547 ft). Viewed from Mount Chōyari, the double-ridgeline of Mount Chō can be seen. Much snow accumulates here, affecting the distribution of alpine plants. Near the summit is a zone of creeping pines, and it is a habitat for rock ptarmigan.

Chūbu-Sangaku National Park
Chūbu-Sangaku National Park (中部山岳国立公園, Chūbu Sangaku Kokuritsu Kōen) is a national park in the Chūbu region of Japan. It was established around the Hida Mountains and encompasses parts of Nagano, Gifu, Toyama and Niigata prefectures. It was designated a national park on December 4, 1934, along with Daisetsuzan National Park, Akan National Park, Nikkō National Park, and Aso Kujū National Park.
Bhushan Lal Karihaloo
Bhushan Lal Karihaloo, FIEAus MASME FASCE FLSW (born September 1943, Srinagar, Kashmir), is a Kashmiri Pandit professor of civil, architectural, and environmental engineering. He is head of the Institute of Theoretical, Applied and Computational Mechanics at Cardiff University and an expert on fracture mechanics. In 2006 he was awarded the European Structural Integrity Society's Griffith Medal for "his outstanding research in the field of theoretical fracture mechanics and fracture of quasi-brittle materials, in particular of concrete, fibre-reinforced cementitious composites, and advanced tough ceramics". In 2012, he was elected a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales.

Learned Society of Wales
The Learned Society of Wales (Welsh: Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru) is a national academy, learned society and charity that exists to "celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect and encourage excellence in all of the scholarly disciplines", and to serve the Welsh nation.

The Learned Society of Wales is Wales's first and only all-embracing national scholarly academy.  A registered charity, it was established and launched on 25 May 2010 at the National Museum of Wales and was granted a Royal Charter in 2015. The society is headquartered in Cardiff.

It is an independent, self-governing, pan-disciplinary, bilingual organisation operating throughout Wales, and is a founding member of the Celtic Academies Alliance.
Hugh Baird College
Hugh Baird College is an Ofsted outstanding college and University Centre situated in Merseyside, England. It is one of the largest providers of education and training in the area, delivering over 300 courses to more than 5,000 students. The college offers courses from entry Level to Level 3, T-levels, A-levels, apprenticeships and university-level courses, foundation degrees and degrees.

On 1 December 2017, following Sefton Council approval and support, South Sefton College in Litherland became part of Hugh Baird College. South Sefton College was renamed as Hugh Baird College's South Sefton Campus and it is home to the college's dedicated Sixth Form Centre and houses its A-level provision. This centre was renamed to Sefton Sixth Form College on 1 August 2023.

Sefton Council
Sefton Council, or Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council, is the local authority of the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the borough. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. Full council meetings generally alternate between Bootle Town Hall and Southport Town Hall. The main administrative offices are at Magdalen House in Bootle.
Second law on the status of Jews
The Second French Statute on the Status of Jews,  of 2 June 1941 (Loi du 2 juin 1941, Statut des Juifs), was an anti-semitic law enacted under Vichy France and signed into law by the Head of the French State, Marshal Philippe Pétain. It replaced the first Law on the status of Jews of 3 October 1940. It included an increasingly stringent definition of who was a Jew in France. It specified  a legal definition, of the term Jewish race, broadening its criteria for inclusion and extending the scope of the existing professional prohibitions. From that point on, Jews in France became second-class citizens, while they had since 21 September 1791 been full citizens.

Government of Vichy France
The Government of Vichy France was the collaborationist ruling regime or government in Nazi-occupied France during the Second World War. Of contested legitimacy, it was finally headquartered in the town of Vichy in occupied France, but it initially took shape in Bordeaux under Marshal Philippe Pétain as the successor to the French Third Republic in June 1940. The government remained in Vichy for four years, but was escorted to Germany in September 1944 after the Allied invasion of France. It then operated as a government-in-exile until April 1945, when the Sigmaringen enclave was taken by so-called Free French forces. Pétain was permitted to travel back to France (through Switzerland), by then under control of the technically illegal Provisional French Republic, and subsequently put on trial for treason.
Silpha tristis
Silpha tristis is a species of carrion beetle in the family Silphidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China) and North America. It was described in 1798 by the German entomologist Illiger.

Silphidae
Silphidae is a subfamily of Staphlinidae beetles that are also known commonly as large carrion beetles, carrion beetles or burying beetles. There are two tribes: Silphini and Nicrophorini. Members of Nicrophorini are sometimes known as burying beetles or sexton beetles. The number of species is relatively small, at around two hundred. They are more diverse in the temperate region although a few tropical endemics are known. Both tribes feed on decaying organic matter such as dead animals. The tribes differ in which uses parental care and which types of carcasses they prefer. Silphini are considered to be of importance to forensic entomologists because when they are found on a decaying body they are used to help estimate a post-mortem interval.
Supporting hyperplane
In geometry, a supporting hyperplane of a set  in Euclidean space  is a hyperplane that has both of the following two properties:

is entirely contained in one of the two closed half-spaces bounded by the hyperplane,

has at least one boundary-point on the hyperplane.

Here, a closed half-space is the half-space that includes the points within the hyperplane.

Closed set
In geometry, topology, and related branches of mathematics, a closed set is a set whose complement is an open set. In a topological space, a closed set can be defined as a set which contains all its limit points. In a complete metric space, a closed set is a set which is closed under the limit operation. This should not be confused with closed manifold.

Sets that are both open and closed are called clopen sets.
Jean Pelletier
Jean Pelletier, OC, OQ (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pɛltje]; February 21, 1935 – January 10, 2009) was a Canadian politician who served as the 37th mayor of Quebec City, Chief of Staff in the Prime Minister's Office, and chairman of Via Rail. He was a leading organizer of the Liberal Party of Canada.

National Order of Quebec
The National Order of Quebec (French: l'Ordre national du Québec), also known as the Order of Quebec, is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Quebec. Instituted in 1984 when Lieutenant Governor Jean-Pierre Côté granted royal assent to the Loi sur l'Ordre national du Québec (National Order of Quebec Act), the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Quebec residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour in Quebec. In 1986, the order was expanded to include honorary membership for people outside Quebec.
University of Santo Tomas on stamps, banknote and coins
The University of Santo Tomas has appeared on Philippine postage stamps, issued by the Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost), a banknote and commemorative coins and medals. The commemorative stamps often feature the founder of the University of Santo Tomas, Miguel de Benavides, the Arch of the Centuries and the UST Main Building. The anniversaries of some constituent colleges are also celebrated on postage stamps.

Arch of the Centuries
The Arch of the Centuries (Filipino: Arko ng mga Siglo) is a arched gate at the Plaza Intramuros of the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines. Half of the current structure, the side facing the UST Main Building is the ruins of the 17th-century arch door of the first UST campus in Intramuros, while the side that faces España Boulevard is a replica inaugurated in 1954.

It was declared as a National Cultural Treasure by the  National Museum on 25 January 2010.

One of the cultural icons of the University of Santo Tomas, it is often the site of important campus events. The Thomasian Welcome Walk is UST's tradition of welcoming the freshmen by passing through the arch. The passing through happens once more after the baccalaureate mass when the graduating class exits through the arch, signifying the completion of their student life in the university.
East Tisted
East Tisted (/ˈtaɪstɛd/) is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 4.8 miles (7.7 km) south of Alton on the A32 road.

The village lies 50 miles south-west of London, 14 miles east of the city of Winchester, 3.5 miles north-east of the village of West Tisted, 2.5 miles west of the village of Selborne, and 1.5 miles west of the village of Newton Valence. It has a population of about 200, residing in about 100 households.

A32 road
The A32 is a road in Hampshire, southern England, that links Gosport and Alton.  Starting at Gosport, facing Portsmouth, it travels north via Fareham, Wickham, Droxford, before joining the A31 road near Alton. The road is 29.2 miles (47.0 km) long from the seafront at Gosport to the roundabout with the A31 near Alton, and has entirely non-primary status.
Ioannis Giangos
Air Chief Marshal Ioannis Giangos (Greek: Ιωάννης Γιάγκος; born 1951) is a retired Greek Air Force officer and a former Chief of the National Defense General Staff of Greece. He served as an interim Minister for National Defence in the Caretaker Cabinet of Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou.

Minister for National Defence (Greece)
The Minister for National Defence of Greece (Greek: Υπουργός Εθνικής Άμυνας, romanized: Ypourgós Ethnikī́s Ámynas) is a government minister responsible for the running of the Ministry of National Defence. The current minister is Nikos Dendias in the Second Cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis.
Sarah Clark (bishop)
Sarah Elizabeth Clark (born 21 April 1965) is a British Anglican bishop. Since 2019, she has served as Bishop of Jarrow, the suffragan bishop of the Diocese of Durham in the Church of England. She was Archdeacon of Nottingham from 2014 to 2019. In January 2026, it was announced she has been appointed the next Bishop of Ely.

Archdeacon of Nottingham
The Archdeacon of Nottingham is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church of England Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham, who exercises supervision of clergy and has responsibility for church buildings within the Archdeaconry of Nottingham.
GE Dash 8-40CW
The GE C40-8W is a 6-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by GE Transportation Systems from 1989 to 1994. Often referred to as the Dash light series, it is part of the GE Dash 8 Series of freight locomotives. This locomotive model is distinguished from the predecessor Dash 8-40C by the addition of a newer "wide" or "safety" cab. A cowl-bodied version of this locomotive, built only for the Canadian market, was the GE Dash 8-40CM.

GE Transportation
GE Transportation is a division of Wabtec. It was known as GE Rail and owned by General Electric until merged into Wabtec on February 25, 2019. The organization manufactures equipment for the railroad, marine, mining, drilling and energy generation industries. The company was founded in 1907. It is headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, while its main manufacturing facility is located in Erie, Pennsylvania. Locomotives are assembled at the Erie plant, while engine manufacturing takes place in Grove City, Pennsylvania. In May 2011, the company announced plans to build a second locomotive factory in Fort Worth, Texas, which opened in January 2013.
Mount Dover
Mount Dover (83°46′S 55°50′W﻿ / ﻿83.767°S 55.833°W﻿ / -83.767; -55.833﻿ (Mount Dover)) is a mountain in Antarctica, 1,645 metres (5,397 ft) high, surmounting the southeast end of Gale Ridge where the ridge abuts the Washington Escarpment, in the Neptune Range, Pensacola Mountains.

Mount Hawkes
Mount Hawkes (83°55′S 56°5′W﻿ / ﻿83.917°S 56.083°W﻿ / -83.917; -56.083﻿ (Mount Hawkes)) is, at 1,975 metres (6,480 ft), the highest mountain along the Washington Escarpment, standing at the east side of Jones Valley in the Neptune Range of the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica.
Clarkson's Farm
Clarkson's Farm is a British television documentary series about Jeremy Clarkson and his farm in the Cotswolds. The series documents Clarkson's attempts at running a 1,000-acre (400 ha) farm near Chipping Norton in West Oxfordshire. Described by Clarkson as "genuine reality television", the series has received positive reviews and has been praised for raising public awareness of the British farming industry on the international stage. The first series premiered on Amazon Prime Video on 11 June 2021.

In July 2021, it was renewed for a second series, which premiered on 10 February 2023 and became the most-watched Prime Video original series in the UK. In October 2022, it was renewed for a third series which was released in two parts, with part one premiering on 3 May 2024 and part two on 10 May 2024. In November 2023, it was renewed for a fourth series that premiered on 23 May 2025. In November 2024, it was renewed for a fifth series.

West Oxfordshire
West Oxfordshire is a local government district in northwest Oxfordshire, England, including towns such as Woodstock, Burford, Chipping Norton, Charlbury, Carterton and Witney, where the council is based.
Pang Kin Keong
Pang Kin Keong PJG PJG (COVID-19) PPA(E) PPA(P) PBS (Chinese: 彭建强; pinyin: Péng Jiànqiáng; born 1966) is a Singaporean senior civil servant who has served as Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs since 2017. He previously served as Permanent Secretary for Law (2010–2012) and Transport (2012–2017), and directed the Internal Security Department from 2004 to 2010.

Pingat Bakti Setia
The Pingat Bakti Setia (English: Long Service Award) is a Singaporean decoration instituted in 1962. The medal may be awarded to any person who has completed 25 years continuous service in either government related services, in the field of education or military service.
Marie Charlotte Hippolyte de Saujon
Marie Charlotte Hippolyte de Saujon, by marriage Countess of Boufflers (6 September 1725- 1800), was a French femme de lettres and salon hostess. Nicknamed "l'idole" by Madame du Deffand, she was a lady in waiting to the Duchess of Chartres and a mistress of Chartres' brother, the 6th Prince of Conti.

Louise Henriette de Bourbon
Louise Henriette de Bourbon (20 June 1726 – 9 February 1759) was Duchess of Orleans from 1752 until her death in 1759 by marriage to Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans. Born a French princess du sang (princess of the blood), she was the second child and only daughter of Louis Armand II, Prince of Conti, and Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, a granddaughter of King Louis XIV.

The Duke of Orléans and his wife were then addressed as Monsieur le Prince and Madame la Princesse. Louise Henriette was a grandmother of the French monarch Louis-Philippe, nicknamed "the Citizen King". Her descendants include the present-day pretenders to the throne of France and Italy and the kings of Spain and Belgium.
Cyril Burke
Cyril Thomas Burke BEM (7 November 1925 – 18 January 2010) was an Australian rugby union player, a state and national representative scrum-half who made twenty-six Test appearances for the Wallabies between 1946 and 1956.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Presidency of Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad served as the President of Syria from 12 March 1971 until his death on 10 June 2000. He had been Prime Minister of Syria, leading a government for two years. He was succeeded by his son, Bashar al-Assad.

Assad consolidated his power by imposition of mass surveillance on the society and ran a military dictatorship characterised by human rights violations, arbitrary detentions, extrajudicial killings and elimination of leftist and conservative opposition. Various journalists and political scientists have described his regime as totalitarian. Major events during his tenure include the 1976 Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War launched against the Palestinian and leftist militias, resulting in the Syrian occupation of Lebanon until 2005. Domestically, his early years in power witnessed Sunni uprisings against his rule, which were violently put down during the 1982 Hama massacre, an incident estimated to have killed between 20,000-40,000 civilians.

Prime Minister of Syria
The prime minister of Syria (Arabic: رئيس وزراء سوريا, romanized: Raʾīs wuzarāʾ Sūriyā), officially the president of the Council of Ministers of the Syrian Arab Republic, was the head of government of Syria from 1920 to 2025. After the fall of the Assad regime, the prime minister of Syria was the head of the Syrian caretaker government.
Baigongguan and Zhazidong
Baigongguan (Chinese: 白公馆) and Zhazidong (Chinese: 渣滓洞) were Chinese concentration camps that opened in 1943 and were used by the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO) to gather intelligence about the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The camps were located in southwest China, in the Gele Mountains of Chongqing. In 1947, the camps were reopened by the Kuomintang to hold captured communist politicians of the Republic of China. After the People's Liberation Army started its advance on the area and threatened the liberation of the camps, General Dai Li of the Kuomintang authorized the camps to serve as the execution sites of the communist politicians in 1949.

The camps were never officially closed after the liberation of their prisoners. Instead, they were later developed into museums that further honored their victims, who were considered martyrs of communism.

Sino-American Cooperative Organization
The Sino-American Special Technical Cooperative Organization, also known as the Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO), was an intelligence gathering organization created by China and the United States during the Second World War. It was formed by the 1942 SACO Treaty and worked against Japan. It operated in China jointly with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the first US intelligence agency and forerunner of the CIA, while also serving as joint training program between the two nations. SACO units set up weather communications, aircraft monitoring, and intelligence stations from southern borders in Indo-China to the northern reaches of the Gobi Desert. They also monitored the activity along the China coast behind enemy lines.
Abdullah Anderson
Abdullah Anderson Jr. (born January 24, 1996) is an American professional football defensive end. He played college football for the Bucknell Bison. Anderson signed with the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2018 and spent three seasons with them before playing with several other NFL teams.

Bucknell Bison football
The Bucknell Bison football team represents Bucknell University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (formerly Division I-AA) level.  Bucknell is a member of the Patriot League.  Bucknell won the first Orange Bowl, 26–0, over the Miami Hurricanes on January 1, 1935.
Cora Diamond
Cora Diamond (born 1937) is an American philosopher who works in the areas of moral philosophy, animal ethics, political philosophy, philosophy of language, philosophy and literature, and the thought of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gottlob Frege, and Elizabeth Anscombe. Diamond is the Kenan Professor of Philosophy Emerita at the University of Virginia.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization
The Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ মহাকাশ গবেষণা ও দূর অনুধাবন প্রতিষ্ঠান, romanized: Bangladesh mohakash gobeshona o door onudhabon protishthan), or SPARRSO (Bengali: স্পারসো), is a state agency concerned with astronomical research and the application of space technology in Bangladesh. SPARRSO works closely with JAXA, NASA and the ESA in environmental and meteorological research. Using Japanese and American satellites, SPARRSO monitors agro-climatic conditions and water resources in Bangladesh.

In 2018, Their 1st satellite Bangladesh Satellite-1 was released, and Bangladesh Satellite-2 came soon after

Bangladesh Satellite-1
The Bangladesh Satellite-1 (BS-1) is the first Bangladeshi geostationary communications and broadcasting satellite. It was manufactured by Thales Alenia Space and launched on 12 May 2018 from Kennedy Space Center, USA. The satellite was the first payload launched by a SpaceX Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle. With the launch, Bangladesh became the 57th country to independently operate a satellite in space.