hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bletting
Bletting is a process of softening that certain fleshy fruits undergo, beyond ripening.

There are some fruits that are either sweeter after some bletting, such as sea buckthorn, or for which most varieties can be eaten raw only after bletting, such as medlars, persimmons, quince, service tree fruit, and wild service tree fruit (popularly known as chequers). The rowan or mountain ash fruit must be bletted and cooked to be edible, to break down the toxic parasorbic acid (hexenollactone) into sorbic acid.

Persimmon
The persimmon (/pərˈsɪmən/) is the edible fruit of a number of species of trees in the genus Diospyros. The most widely cultivated of these is the Chinese and Japanese kaki persimmon, Diospyros kaki. In 2022, China produced 77% of the world's persimmons.
Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church (Solon, Iowa)
Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church is a former parish church of the Diocese of Davenport. The church is located in rural Solon, Iowa, United States. The property is on a gravel road east of Iowa Highway 1 between Solon and Mount Vernon in rural Johnson County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Solon, Iowa
Solon is a city located in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. Part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area, it is located a few miles from Lake MacBride State Park and the larger cities of Coralville and Iowa City. The population was 3,018 at the time of the 2020 census.
Abdel Hamid Fouad Gad
Abdel Hamid Fouad Gad (born 20 December 1943) is an Egyptian boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. At the 1972 Summer Olympics he lost to Vladimir Kolev of Bulgaria.

Boxing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Welterweight
The men's welterweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1972 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 67 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 28 August to 10 September 1972. 37 boxers from 37 nations competed.
Little America, Wyoming
Little America is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 68 at the 2010 census. The community got its name from the Little America motel, which was purposefully located in a remote location as a haven, not unlike the Little America base camp the polar explorer Richard E. Byrd set up in the Antarctic in 1928. However, being situated on a coast-to-coast highway and offering travel services, it thrived, launching a chain of travel facilities by the same name. Its developer, Robert Earl Holding, died on April 19, 2013, with a personal net worth of over $3 billion.

Sweetwater County, Wyoming
Sweetwater County is a county in southwestern Wyoming, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 42,272, making it the fourth-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Green River. By area, it is the largest county in Wyoming. Its southern boundary line abuts the north lines of the states of Colorado and Utah. Sweetwater County comprises the Rock Springs, Green River, Wyoming Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Transport in the United Kingdom
Transport in the United Kingdom is facilitated by road, rail, air and water networks. Some aspects of transport are a devolved matter, with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments.

A radial road network totals 29,145 miles (46,904 km) of main roads, 2,173 miles (3,497 km) of motorways and 213,750 miles (344,000 km) of paved roads. The National Rail network of 10,072 route miles (16,116 km) in Great Britain and 189 route miles (303 km) in Northern Ireland carries over 18,000 passenger and 1,000 freight trains daily. Urban rail networks exist in all cities and towns with dense bus and light rail networks. There are many regional and international airports, with Heathrow Airport in London being one of the busiest in the world and busiest in Europe. UK ports handled 486 million tons of goods in 2019.

Roll-on/roll-off
Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are cargo ships designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, buses, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using a platform vehicle, such as a self-propelled modular transporter. This is in contrast to lift-on/lift-off (LoLo) vessels, which use a crane to load and unload cargo.

RORO vessels have either built-in or shore-based ramps or ferry slips that allow the cargo to be efficiently rolled on and off the vessel when in port. While smaller ferries that operate across rivers and other short distances often have built-in ramps, the term RORO is generally reserved for large seagoing vessels. The ramps and doors may be located in the stern, bow, or sides, or any combination thereof.
Gallows View
Gallows View is the first novel by Canadian detective fiction writer Peter Robinson in the Inspector Banks series of novels. The novel was first printed in 1987, but has been reprinted a number of times since.

Peter Robinson (novelist)
Peter Robinson (17 March 1950 – 4 October 2022) was a British-born Canadian crime writer who was best known for his crime novels set in Yorkshire featuring Inspector Alan Banks. He also published a number of other novels and short stories, as well as some poems and two articles on writing.
Beitbridge
Beitbridge  is a border town in the province of Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe. The name also refers to the border post and bridge spanning the Limpopo River, which forms the political border between South Africa and Zimbabwe. The border on the South African side of the river is also named Beitbridge.

Masvingo
Masvingo, formerly known as Fort Victoria, is a city in southeastern Zimbabwe and the capital of Masvingo Province. The city lies close to Great Zimbabwe, the national monument from which the country takes its name and close to Lake Mutirikwi, its recreational park, the Kyle dam and the Kyle National Reserve that is home to a range of animal species. It is mostly populated by the Karanga people who form the biggest branch of the various Shona tribes in Zimbabwe.
All Saints' Parish Hall
51°28′00″N 0°00′24″E﻿ / ﻿51.4667°N 0.0068°E﻿ / 51.4667; 0.0068

All Saints' Parish Hall is a locally listed building in Blackheath, in the London Borough of Lewisham, south-east London, built as the parish hall for the nearby All Saints' Church. It is in an Arts and Crafts designed by architect Charles Canning Winmill, and was officially opened in 1928. The building has been used by numerous groups over the years, and was a British Restaurant during and after World War II. Since December 1988 it has been the business premises of the Mary Evans Picture Library, a company founded by Mary Evans and her husband Hilary Evans in 1964.

Blackheath, London
Blackheath is an area in Southeast London, straddling the border of the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Lewisham. Historically within the county of Kent, it is located 1-mile (1.6 km) northeast of Lewisham, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Greenwich and 6.4 miles (10.3 km) southeast of Charing Cross, the traditional centre of London.

The area southwest of its station and in its ward is named Lee Park. Its northern neighbourhood of Vanbrugh Park is also known as St John's Blackheath and despite forming a projection has amenities beyond its traditional reach named after the heath. To its west is the core public green area that is the heath and Greenwich Park, in which sit major London tourist attractions including the Greenwich Observatory and the Greenwich Prime Meridian. Blackheath railway station is located in the southern part of Blackheath.
Elma, Manitoba
Elma, Manitoba, is an unincorporated community of approximately 100 people in southeast Manitoba. It is located on the Whitemouth River, at the junction of Highway 15 and Highway 11 in the Rural Municipality of Whitemouth.

Manitoba Highway 11
Provincial Trunk Highway 11 (PTH 11) is a provincial primary highway located in the Eastman Region of the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs from an intersection with PTH 59 near Victoria Beach to an intersection with PTH 1.
Muhammad Kisoki
Muhammad Dan Abdullahi , known as Listenⓘ Muhammad Kisoki, was the Sultan of Kano from 1509 until his death in 1565. His 56-year reign is the longest of the state's Rumfawa era.

Under his leadership, Kano reached the zenith of its influence, achieving full independence and gaining suzerainty over the Seven Hausa States. He also launched an expedition into Bornu and was able to decisively repel a reprisal attack by the Mai. In doing this, he dissolved the suzerainty that had been established decades earlier in the reign of Abdullahi Burja. He solidified his power in Kano by strategically promoting his kinsmen into powerful positions and was able to appropriate power from the Kano Council.

His reign also saw the continued influx of scholars from neighboring kingdoms and the construction of multiple mosques and schools throughout Kano, further establishing the state as a learning center.

Kisoki's death created a power vacuum that marked the beginning of the First Kanoan Civil War.

Kingdom of Kano
The Kingdom of Kano was a Hausa kingdom centred on the city of Kano in modern-day northern Nigeria that was established around 1000 CE, and endured until its conquest during the jihad of Usman dan Fodio in 1805. Following this, its dynasty was replaced with a Fulani one subordinate to the Sokoto Caliphate, and the polity continues to exist today as the Kano Emirate Council, a non-sovereign monarchy in Nigeria.
Diagnosis Mercury
Diagnosis Mercury: Money, Politics and Poison is a 2008 book by Jane Hightower. The book explains that mercury is a poison and that the majority of mercury in the environment comes from coal-fired power plants.  But the book is mainly concerned with human exposure from the eating of large predatory fish such as swordfish, shark, king mackerel, large tuna, etc. The book also discusses industrial mercury poisonings, such as those in Minamata, Japan, in the 1950s and Ontario, Canada, in the 1970s.

Ontario Minamata disease
Ontario Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. It occurred in the Canadian province of Ontario, in 1970, and severely affected two First Nation communities in Northwestern Ontario following consumption of local fish contaminated with mercury, and one First Nation in Southern Ontario due to illegal disposal of industrial chemical waste. The disease was named after the infamous case of severe mercury poisoning in the fishing community of Minamata, Japan, which became known as Minamata disease because it devastated only the residents of the community.
Chevrolet 2300 engine
The Chevrolet 2300 is a 2.3-liter straight-four engine produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors for the 1971 to 1977 model years of the Chevrolet Vega and Chevrolet Monza. This engine was also offered in the 1973–74 Pontiac Astre (Canada only), the 1975–77 Pontiac Astre (United States and Canada), the Pontiac Sunbird for 1976 only, and the Oldsmobile Starfire for 1976–77.

Pontiac Astre
The Pontiac Astre is a subcompact automobile that was marketed by Pontiac as a rebadged variant of the Chevrolet Vega. Initially marketed in Canada for model years 1973–1974, the Astre debuted in the U.S. for the 1975 model year, competing with other domestic and foreign subcompacts that included the Mercury Bobcat, Volkswagen Rabbit, and Toyota Corolla.

Built on the H-body platform, the car was available in hatchback, notchback, wagon, and panel delivery body styles. The Astre shared the aluminum-block 2.3 liter inline-four engine with the Vega through 1977, while the final 1977 models offered Pontiac's all-iron 2.5 liter inline-four engine as an option. The Astre was cancelled with the Vega at the end of the 1977 model year, although the wagon continued for 1978 and 1979, rebadged as part of the Pontiac Sunbird line. The word "astre" is Catalan for "star", a shared naming convention for the Vega.
W. Rolfe Kerr
William Rolfe Kerr (born June 29, 1935) is an emeritus general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  He served previously as the fifteenth Commissioner of Church Education and as president of the Logan Utah Temple.

Kerr was born in Tremonton, Utah, and grew up on a farm. He earned a bachelor's degree in agriculture from Utah State University (USU), where he was also the quarterback on the football team. He intending to spend his life farming, until he was offered a position as coordinator of student activities at USU after his military service. He later received a master's degree in marriage and family relations and a doctorate in education. He served an LDS Church mission in the British Mission. While at USU, Kerr played football and was the starting quarterback in 1958.

Tremonton, Utah
Tremonton is a city in Box Elder County, Utah, United States. The population was 9,894 at the time of the 2020 census. As of 2024, Tremonton has an estimated population of 13,713 and is one of the fastest growing municipalities in the state of Utah (2024 estimate annual growth rate: 7.33%).
Rocky Mountain House
Rocky Mountain House is a town in west-central Alberta, Canada. It is approximately 77 km (48 mi) west of Red Deer at the confluence of the Clearwater and North Saskatchewan Rivers, and at the crossroads of Highway 22 (Cowboy Trail) and Highway 11 (David Thompson Highway). The surrounding Clearwater County's administration office is located in Rocky Mountain House.

Red Deer, Alberta
Red Deer is a city in Alberta, Canada, located midway on the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. Red Deer serves central Alberta, and its key industries include health care, retail trade, construction, oil and gas, hospitality, manufacturing and education. It is surrounded by Red Deer County and borders on Lacombe County. The city is in aspen parkland, a region of rolling hills, alongside the Red Deer River.
ISO/IEC 24744
ISO/IEC 24744 Software Engineering — Metamodel for Development Methodologies is  an ISO/IEC standard for software engineering metamodelling for development methodologies. It defines a metamodel from which development methodologies (software, but not only) can be instantiated.

In other words, ISO/IEC 24744 provides an agreed-upon set of words (a vocabulary), plus their corresponding meanings (their semantics), that can be used to describe methodologies used to develop software, hardware and other similar products.

From a technical viewpoint, ISO/IEC 24744 is based on the principles of method engineering and departs from the strict modelling paradigm sponsored by the Object Management Group, using instead an extension of the object-oriented approach that incorporates powertype patterns and clabjects.

Metamodeling
A metamodel is a model of a model, and metamodeling is the process of generating such metamodels. Thus metamodeling or meta-modeling is the analysis, construction, and development of the frames, rules, constraints, models, and theories applicable and useful for modeling a predefined class of problems. As its name implies, this concept applies the notions of meta- and modeling in software engineering and systems engineering. Metamodels are of many types and have diverse applications.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Lawrence County, Indiana
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lawrence County, Indiana.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lawrence County, Indiana, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 16 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

Properties and districts located in incorporated areas display the name of the municipality, while properties and districts in unincorporated areas display the name of their civil township.  Properties and districts split between multiple jurisdictions display the names of all jurisdictions.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 29, 2025.

Lawrence County, Indiana
Lawrence County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 45,011.  The county seat is Bedford. Lawrence County comprises the Bedford, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Sans Souci, Michigan
Sans Souci is an unincorporated community in St. Clair County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The community is located within Clay Township.

The community is located along the St. Clair River on the eastern coast of Harsens Island.  The community itself is also referred to as Harsens Island, which is the name of the post office that serves the island and several smaller outlying islands near the river mouth on Lake St. Clair.

St. Clair County, Michigan
St. Clair County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan and bordering the west bank of the St. Clair River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 160,383. It is the 13th-most populous county in the state. The county seat is Port Huron, located at the north end of the St. Clair River at Lake Huron. The county was created September 10, 1820, and its government was organized in 1821. It is located northeast of Detroit. It is considered by the State of Michigan to be a part of The Thumb, a peninsula that is surrounded by Lake Huron in the east-central area of the state. This area is sometimes dubbed the Blue Water Area.
Eric Bress
Eric Bress is an American screenwriter, film director and producer, best known for his work on the Final Destination series and The Butterfly Effect. He frequently collaborates with J. Mackye Gruber.

His project, The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel, was previously in development. Since 2012, when the rights were optioned by AMPCO Films, he is no longer attached as the screenwriter.

Bress received a secondary education from Hackley School in Tarrytown, New York, and is a graduate of Syracuse University, where he studied film. He is originally from New York. He worked as a sound engineer before becoming a screenwriter.

The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel
The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel (often shortened to The Alchemyst) is the first installment in the six volume fantasy novel series, The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel. It was written by Irish author Michael Scott and published in May 2007. The Alchemyst has been translated into 20 languages, and is available in 37 countries.
Von Fieandt cabinet
Rainer von Fieandt's  cabinet was the 42nd government of Republic of Finland. Cabinet's time period was from November 29, 1957 to April 26, 1958. It was a caretaker government. The Cabinet fell by interpellation of the opposition, and as of 2021 the last Finnish government to do so.

Rainer von Fieandt
Berndt Rainer von Fieandt (26 December 1890 – 28 April 1972) was a Finnish banker and official without party affiliation. 
He was appointed as the Governor of the Bank of Finland in 1955 before being appointed by the President to form a cabinet. He served as the Prime Minister of Finland in 1957 and 1958.
Dub Taylor
Walter Clarence "Dub" Taylor Jr. (February 26, 1907 – October 3, 1994) was an American character actor who from the 1940s into the 1990s worked extensively in films and on television, often in Westerns but also in comedies. He is the father of actor and painter Buck Taylor.

Casey Jones (TV series)
Casey Jones is an American Western television series syndicated during the 1957–58 television season. It was based upon the life of late 19th-century engineer Casey Jones in the era of pioneering western railroads. Casey Jones also aired on both the BBC and ITV in the United Kingdom and on the Seven Network in Australia.
Macedonian Committee
The Macedonian Committee (Greek: Μακεδονικό Κομιτάτο, Makedoniko Komitato), formally the Hellenic Macedonian Committee (Ελληνομακεδονικό Κομιτάτο, Ellinomakedoniko Komitato), was a Greek revolutionary organization with the aim of liberating Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire (in the vilayets of Monastir and Salonika), active during the Macedonian Struggle that also included Bulgarian and Serb revolutionary organizations.

Gonos Yotas
Georgios Yiotas (Greek: Γεώργιος Γιώτας; Bulgarian: Γеорги Йотов), best known as Gonos Yiotas (Greek: Γκόνος Γιώτας; Bulgarian: Γоно Йотов), was a Greek chieftain of the Macedonian Struggle. He is revered as a hero in Greece and ranks among the most notable participants of the struggle. He mainly operated around the Giannitsa Lake and came to be known as the “Ghost of the Lake” (το Στοιχείο της Λίμνης).
C.C. DeVille
Bruce Anthony Johannesson (born  May 14, 1962), known professionally as C.C. DeVille, is an American musician, best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Poison. The band has sold more than 50 million albums worldwide, including 15 million in the United States. In 1998, he formed a band called Samantha 7.

DeVille has acted in both reality television and in scripted television drama shows. He starred in The Surreal Life season 6 and in The Surreal Life: Fame Games.

Look What the Cat Dragged In
Look What the Cat Dragged In is the debut studio album by American glam metal band Poison, released on May 23, 1986, by Enigma Records and Capitol Records. Though not a success at first, it steadily built momentum and peaked at #3 on the US Billboard 200 on May 23, 1987. The album spawned three successful singles: "Talk Dirty to Me", "I Want Action", and "I Won't Forget You".

Look What the Cat Dragged In was certified Gold in 1987 and 3× Platinum in 1990 by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It has also been certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), and platinum in Canada.
ParM
ParM is a prokaryotic actin homologue which provides the force to drive copies of the R1 plasmid to opposite ends of rod shaped bacteria before cytokinesis.

ParM is a monomer that is encoded in the DNA of the R1 plasmid and manufactured by the host cell's ribosomes. In the cytoplasm it spontaneously polymerizes forming short strands that either bind to ParR or hydrolyze. ParR stabilizes ParM and prevents it from hydrolyzing. Once bound by ParR at both ends, monomer units continue to attach to the ends of the ParM and the resulting reaction pushes R1 plasmids to opposite ends of the cell.
ParMs from different bacterial plasmids can form astonishingly diverse helical structures comprising two or four strands to maintain faithful plasmid inheritance.

R1 plasmid
The R1 plasmid is a plasmid that was first isolated from Salmonella paratyphi bacteria in 1963. It is a short plasmid, composed of 97,566 nucleotides and 120 genes, that belongs to the IncFII plasmid group. There are about one to two copies of the R1 plasmid per chromosome. 
The R1 plasmid imparts multi-drug antibiotic resistance to its host bacteria. The "R" in "R1" stands for "resistance", and the R1 plasmid contains resistance factors, or R factors, giving it the power to resist certain antibiotics.

It's known as a "low copy" plasmid, meaning that it exists in relatively few copies in any given bacteria. This characteristic allows the R1 plasmid to have an efficient plasmid stabilization system, that aids in stabilizing medium copy number plasmids.  R1 must rely on a "Type II" segregation system. This plasmid system ensures that at least one copy is contained in each daughter cell after cell division.