hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yessentuki
Yessentuki (Russian: Ессентуки́, IPA: [jɪsɪntʊˈkʲiˑ]) is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located in the shadow of Mount Elbrus at the base of the Caucasus Mountains. The city serves as a railway station in the Mineralnye Vody—Kislovodsk branch, and is located 43 kilometers (27 mi) southwest of Mineralnye Vody and 17 kilometers (11 mi) west of Pyatigorsk. The city is renowned for its mineral springs and therapeutic spas, and is part of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region.

It is considered the cultural capital of Russia's Greek population and close to ten percent of its population is of Greek descent. Population: 119,658 (2021 Census); 100,996 (2010 Census); 81,758 (2002 Census); 85,082 (1989 Soviet census).

Kislovodsk
Kislovodsk (Russian: Кислово́дск; Kabardian: Нартсанэ; Karachay-Balkar: Ачысуу) is a spa city in Stavropol Krai, in the North Caucasus region of Russia which is located between the Black and Caspian Seas. It is part of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region.
SM UC-69
SM UC-69 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 12 January 1916 and was launched on 7 August 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 22 December 1916 as SM UC-69. In nine patrols UC-69 was credited with sinking 54 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-69 was sunk after being accidentally rammed by U-96 near Barfleur on 6 December 1917. The wreck was accidentally discovered in November 2017 by the Dutch naval mine sweeper Zr.Ms. Makkum which was mapping the sea-bed off the French Normandy coast.

Type UC II submarine
The Type UC II submarine was a class of coastal minelaying U-boats designed and built for the Imperial German Navy during World War I. They were a significant improvement over the preceding Type UC I in armament, range and seaking abilities. Construction began in 1915 and by mid-1917 64 Type UC II had been delivered by five shipyards in ten different batches, which had variations in dimensions and performance. By the end of the war, 46 Type UC II were lost. The Type UC II was a very successful design combining torpedo, deck gun and mine armament with a sufficient performance and range to operate around Great Britain. A succeeding Type UC III was ordered and built in large numbers but came too late to see service in World War I.
Radio SEAC
Radio SEAC was the war time radio station operated by the Allied South East Asia Command (SEAC) that took over the operations of Colombo Radio, a Ceylon radio station launched in 1925. Radio programmes were broadcast across Asia to the allied forces and to the people of India and South Asia.

Radio SEAC was handed over to the Colonial Government of after World War II who changed the name to Radio Ceylon. The station is the oldest radio station in Asia (world's second oldest). Millions tuned into Radio SEAC and subsequently Radio Ceylon.

Radio Ceylon
Radio Ceylon (Sinhala: ලංකා ගුවන් විදුලි සේවය Lanka Guwan Viduli Sevaya, Tamil: இலங்கை வானொலி, ilankai vanoli) is a radio station based in Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) and the first radio station in Asia. Broadcasting was started on an experimental basis by the colonial Telegraph Department in 1923, just four years after the inauguration of broadcasting in Europe (the first European broadcasting radio station started on 6 November 1919 in The Hague, The Netherlands; it was operated by the Dutch Hans Henricus Schotanus à Steringa Idzerda).
1959 Florida A&M Rattlers football team
The 1959 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1959 college football season. In their 15th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a perfect 10–0 record, including a victory over Prairie View A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic for the black college football national championship. The team was ranked No. 14 in the final UPI small college poll. The team played its home games at Bragg Memorial Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.

The team's statistical leaders included Clarence Childs with 537 rushing yards, Theodore Richardson with 354 passing yards, and Williams Barber with 116 receiving yards.

Clarence Childs (American football)
Clarence Childs (born January 13, 1938) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back, halfback and kickoff returner in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the New York Giants from 1964 to 1967 and for the Chicago Bears in 1968. He played college football for the Florida A&M Rattlers, winning two HBCU championship while starring at halfback.
Armant Legendre
Armant Agricole Jean Baptiste Legendre (June 17, 1899 – November 1963) was an American football player. He played at the end position for the Princeton Tigers football team and was selected International News Service, Walter Eckersall and Football World magazine as a first-team player on the 1920 College Football All-America Team.  He was picked as a second-team All-American by Walter Camp.  He also played basketball for Princeton.

After graduating from Princeton, Legendre served as the ends coach for Princeton in 1921.  He was of Creole heritage and later lived in New Orleans and worked as a coffee importer.  In May 1931, he was appointed by President Herbert Hoover to the Brazilian Coffee Commission.  His daughter Anne Armstrong was the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1977.

1920 All-America college football team
The 1920 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1920. The four selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1920 season are (1) Walter Camp (WC), whose selections were published in Collier's Weekly; (2) Football World magazine; (4) the International News Service, a news service operated by the Hearst newspapers; and (3) the Frank Menke syndicate (FM).   Additional notable selectors who chose All-American teams in 1920 included Walter Eckersall (WE) of the Chicago Tribune, the United Press (UP), and The New York Times (NYT).
Dmitry Belyaev (artist)
Dmitry Vasilievich Belyaev (Russian: Дмитрий Васильевич Беляев, 18 November 1921, Ryazan Province — 25 September 2007, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian and Soviet painter, who lived and worked in Saint Petersburg (former Leningrad), an Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, a member of the Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists, regarded as one of representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting.

Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Union of Artists of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский Союз художников) was established on August 2, 1932, as a creative union of the Leningrad artists and arts critics. Prior to 1959, it was called "Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists". From 1959 (when it joined the Union of Artists of the RSFSR), it was called as Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation. After the renaming of the city in 1991, it became known as the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists.
1983–84 San Diego Toreros men's basketball team
1983–84 San Diego Toreros men's basketball team represented University of San Diego during the 1983–84 men's college basketball season. The Toreros were led by head coach Jim Brovelli and played their home games at USD Sports Center. After having just a .500 conference winning percentage after six conference games, the team won their final six WCAC games to secure the regular season conference title. San Diego received a bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the play-in round to Princeton. It was the first time in program history the Toreros won the WCAC (now WCC) title as well as their first appearance in the NCAA Tournament. The team was led by all-conference forward Mike Whitmarsh, who was a runner-up that year for the conference player of the year award. Brovelli was named the conference coach of the year.

Mike Whitmarsh
Michael John Whitmarsh (May 18, 1962 – February 17, 2009) was an American volleyball and basketball player. He won the silver medal in the men's inaugural beach volleyball tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, partnering with Mike Dodd. Throughout his volleyball career, Whitmarsh earned over $1.6 million as well as 28 tournament wins.

Whitmarsh played college basketball for the San Diego Toreros. He was a two-time all-conference player in the West Coast Athletic Conference (WCAC), known now as the West Coast Conference, and led San Diego to their first-ever conference title in 1984. He played professional basketball for three years in Europe before turning to volleyball.
Hedvig Mollestad Thomassen
Hedvig Mollestad Thomassen (born 4 February 1982) is a Norwegian guitarist, vocalist and composer. She is known for a series of album releases and collaborations with musicians like Jon Eberson, Jarle Bernhoft and Hilde Marie Kjersem.

Jon Eberson
Jon Arild Eberson (born 6 January 1953) is a Norwegian jazz guitarist and composer, the son of jazz guitarist Leif Eberson (1925–1970), and the father of keyboardist Marte Maaland Eberson. He was a member of the bands Moose Loose (1973–77), Radka Toneff Quintet (1975–80), and Blow Out (1977–78).
Ogiek language
Ogiek (also Okiek and Akiek) is a Southern Nilotic language of the Kalenjin family spoken or once spoken by the Ogiek peoples, scattered groups of hunter-gatherers in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania. Most Ogiek speakers have assimilated to cultures of surrounding peoples: the Akie in northern Tanzania now speak Maasai and the Ogiek of Kinare, Kenya now speak Gikuyu. Ndorobo is a term considered derogatory, occasionally used to refer to various groups of hunter-gatherers in this area, including the Ogiek.

Maasai language
Maasai (previously spelled Masai) or Maa (English:  /ˈmɑːsaɪ/ MAH-sye; autonym: ɔl Maa) is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania by the Maasai people, numbering about 1.5 million. It is closely related to the other Maa varieties: Samburu (or Sampur), the language of the Samburu people of central Kenya, Chamus, spoken south and southeast of Lake Baringo (sometimes regarded as a dialect of Samburu); and Parakuyu of Tanzania. The Maasai, Samburu, il-Chamus and Parakuyu peoples are historically related and all refer to their language as ɔl Maa.  Properly speaking, "Maa" refers to the language and the culture and "Maasai" refers to the people "who speak Maa".
1938 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1938 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1938 college football season. In February 1938, Rutgers announced Tasker's resignation as Rutgers' football coach and his replacement by Harvey Harman. In their first season under coach Harman, the Queensmen compiled a 7–1 record, won the Middle Three Conference championship, and outscored their opponents 118 to 57. Rutgers only loss was to NYU by a 25-6 score.

On November 5, 1938, Rutgers played its first game at the new Rutgers Stadium, built at a cost of $1 million.  Playing in front of a crowd of 22,500, Rutgers won the game, 20-18, against Princeton, marking the first time Rutgers had defeated a Princeton team since the two schools played the first college football game in 1869.

In the final game of the 1938 season, Rutgers defeated Lafayette to win the Middle Three championship.

Middle Three Conference
The Middle Three Conference was an intercollegiate athletic scheduling alliance from 1929 to 1969. It had three members throughout its 41-year existence: Lafayette College and Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, and Rutgers University in New Jersey. Administratively, the "conference" was little more than a three-way rivalry; there was no league commissioner or central office for scheduling or enforcement.

Lafayette, Lehigh and Rutgers competed for a Middle Three championship in several sports, including baseball, men's basketball and football. In all sports, the Middle Three was part of the Middle Atlantic Conference (MAC), University Division, from the 1958–59 season to the 1961–62 season, when Rutgers withdrew from the MAC.
Sensory threshold
In psychophysics, sensory threshold is the weakest stimulus that an organism can sense. Unless otherwise indicated, it is usually defined as the weakest stimulus that can be detected half the time, for example, as indicated by a point on a probability curve. Methods have been developed to measure thresholds in any of the senses.

Several different sensory thresholds have been defined;

Absolute threshold: the lowest level at which a stimulus can be detected.

Recognition threshold: the level at which a stimulus can not only be detected but also recognized.

Differential threshold: the level at which an increase in a detected stimulus can be perceived.

Terminal threshold: the level beyond which any increase to a stimulus no longer changes the perceived intensity.

Just-noticeable difference
Circles in the upper row grow in arithmetic progression: each one is larger by 10 units than previous one. They make an impression of growing initially fast and then slower and slower (the difference between 10 and 20 seems larger than between 60 and 70).

Circles in the lower row grow in geometric progression: each one is larger by 40% than previous one. They make an impression of growing by the same amount at each step.

In psychophysics, a just-noticeable difference (JND) is the amount something must be changed in order for a difference to be noticeable, detectable at least half the time. This limen is also known as the difference limen, difference threshold, or least perceptible difference.
2015 Washington Redskins season
The 2015 season was the Washington Redskins' 84th in the National Football League (NFL), their second under head coach Jay Gruden and their first under general manager Scot McCloughan. Quarterback Robert Griffin III suffered a concussion during the second preseason game and consequently missed the rest of the preseason. Kirk Cousins was later named the starter for the season, and set multiple Redskins franchise records.

The Redskins improved from their 4–12 record from the previous season, going 9–7 and clinching the NFC East division title for the first time since 2012. However, they were defeated by the Green Bay Packers 35–18 in the Wild Card round of the playoffs.

This marks the last time they made the playoffs and won the NFC East title under the Redskins name before retiring both the name and banner in 2020 after years of keeping the controversial name.

Chris Baker (defensive lineman)
Christopher Isaiah Baker (born October 8, 1987), nicknamed "Swaggy", is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for nine seasons in National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions and Hampton Pirates before signing with the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent in 2009. Baker was also a member of the Miami Dolphins, Hartford Colonials, Washington Redskins, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Cincinnati Bengals.
Dave Creighton
David Theodore Creighton (June 24, 1930 – August 18, 2017) was a Canadian ice hockey forward. Creighton started his National Hockey League career with the Boston Bruins in 1948. He would also play with the Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Black Hawks, and New York Rangers. On August 18, 1955, the Detroit Red Wings traded Creighton and Bronco Horvath to the New York Rangers in exchange for Aggie Kukulowicz and Billy Dea. He left the NHL after the 1960 season. He played several more seasons in the AHL before retiring after the 1969 season. After this, he coached the Providence Reds from 1969 to 1970. His son Adam also played in the NHL.

1948–49 NHL season
The 1948–49 NHL season was the 32nd season of the National Hockey League. Six teams played 60 games each. In a rematch of the previous season, Toronto defeated Detroit in the Stanley Cup Finals to win the championship.
2007 Miami Dolphins season
The 2007 season was the Miami Dolphins' 38th season in the National Football League, their 42nd overall,  the third and final under general manager Randy Mueller and first and only under head coach Cam Cameron.

The Dolphins failed to improve upon their 6–10 record in 2006, falling to 1–15. The team narrowly avoided going winless, with their only win coming on a close overtime upset over the Baltimore Ravens on December 16. It was the Dolphins' first and only season under head coach Cam Cameron, after former head coach Nick Saban unexpectedly resigned to become the head coach at the University of Alabama. Both Cameron and Mueller were fired after the season.

As of 2025, the 2007 record stands as the worst win-loss record in Dolphins history.

One of the few bright spots was defensive end Jason Taylor, who recorded 47 solo tackles and nine assists along with 11 sacks and forced and recovered 3 fumbles.

Joey Porter
Joseph Eugene Porter Sr. (born March 22, 1977) is an American professional football coach and former player. He played as a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Colorado State Rams and was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the third round of the 1999 NFL draft. A four-time Pro Bowl selection, Porter won Super Bowl XL with the Steelers and was also a member of the Miami Dolphins and Arizona Cardinals. The Steelers drafted his son, Joey Porter Jr., with the thirty-second overall selection of the 2023 NFL draft.
2011 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The 2011 Tulsa Golden Hurricane Wave football team represented the University of Tulsa in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Golden Hurricane were led by first-year head coach Bill Blankenship and played their home games at Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium. They were a member of the West Division of Conference USA (C-USA). They finished the season 8–5, 7–1 in C-USA play to finish in second place in the West Division. They were invited to the Armed Forces Bowl, where they were defeated by BYU, 21–24.

2011 Armed Forces Bowl
The 2011 Bell Helicopter Armed Forces Bowl, the ninth edition of the game was a post-season American college football bowl game held on December 30, 2011, at Gerald J. Ford Stadium on the campus of SMU in University Park, Texas, as part of the 2011–12 NCAA Bowl season.

The game, telecasted at 11:00 a.m. CT on ESPN, featured Tulsa versus BYU.  BYU won the game by a score of 24–21.

This was the second and final year that the bowl was held at Gerald J. Ford Stadium. In 2012, the bowl returned to Amon G. Carter Stadium on the campus of TCU after the completion of a renovation of the stadium.
1994–95 AC Milan season
Associazione Calcio Milan lost their supremacy of Italian football, finishing just fourth in Serie A, also losing the Champions League final to Ajax. Marco van Basten was forced to end his career due to an ankle injury, and the lack of goals scored was the main difference between Milan and champions Juventus, and even though Milan scored more goals than in 1993–94, the defensive line was not as unassailable as the season before.

1995 UEFA Champions League final
The 1995 UEFA Champions League final was an association football match played on 24 May 1995 at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion in Vienna, Austria, to determine the winners of the 1994–95 UEFA Champions League, the 40th season of Europe's premier club competition organised by UEFA. It was contested by Dutch side Ajax and Milan of Italy in a rematch of the 1969 final. Milan were appearing in their third consecutive UEFA Champions League final, as well as aiming to win a sixth European Cup/UEFA Champions League title, which would have tied them with Real Madrid's record. However, after 85 minutes, Ajax striker Patrick Kluivert scored the only goal of the game to give Ajax the title; at the age of 18 years, 327 days, that made him the youngest player to score in a UEFA Champions League final.
Kiambu County
Kiambu County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya located in the Mount Kenya region of Kenya. Its capital is Kiambu and its largest town is Thika town. Kiambu County is the second most populous county in Kenya after Nairobi County. Kiambu County borders Nairobi and Kajiado Counties to the South, Machakos to the East, Murang'a to the North and North East, Nyandarua to the North West, and Nakuru to the West. It has a population of 2,417,735.

The county is 40% rural and 60% urban owing to Nairobi's consistent growth Northwards. The Kikuyu are the dominant tribe in the county. Kiambu is also an economic and political powerhouse in Kenya due to its sprawling population and relatively urban and educated populace. The county features the second most universities only behind Nairobi.

Nyandarua County
Nyandarua County  is a county in Central, Kenya in the Mount Kenya region, with its capital and largest town being Ol Kalou. Formerly, the capital was Nyahururu, which is now part of Laikipia County. Nyandarua County had a population of 596,268 in 2009 and 638,289 in 2019 and covers an area of 3,304 km2. The county is located on the northwestern part of the old Central Province, and contains the Aberdare Ranges.

Daniel Waithaka was elected the first governor of the County in the 2013 General Election, followed by Francis Kimemia, who was elected as the second governor in the August 2017 elections. In the 2022 general elections, Moses Ndirangu Badilisha won the seat, becoming the third Governor of Nyandarua County.
2018 Detroit Lions season
The 2018 season was the Detroit Lions' 89th in the National Football League (NFL) and their first under a new coaching staff led by head coach Matt Patricia. With their loss to the Los Angeles Rams in Week 13, the Lions failed to improve on their 9–7 campaign from the season before. With their Week 15 loss to the Buffalo Bills, the Lions clinched their first losing season since 2015, making this also their first losing season in the post-Calvin Johnson era. They also missed the playoffs for the second consecutive season and finished last in the NFC North for the first time since 2012 with a 6–10 record.

Despite the disappointing season, the Lions were able to upset the defending back-to-back AFC and eventual Super Bowl Champion New England Patriots 26–10 during Week 3, marking their first win over the Patriots since 2000, which was also the first year of the Brady–Belichick era. The Lions were also able to sweep the Green Bay Packers for the second straight year.

2018 NFL season
The 2018 NFL season was the 99th season of the National Football League (NFL) and the 53rd of the Super Bowl era. The season began on September 6, 2018, with the NFL Kickoff Game with the defending Super Bowl LII champion Philadelphia Eagles defeating the Atlanta Falcons. The season concluded with Super Bowl LIII, the league's championship game, on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, in which the New England Patriots defeated the Los Angeles Rams 13–3 for their sixth Super Bowl championship and their third title in five years.
2021–22 Baylor Bears women's basketball team
The 2021–22 Baylor Bears women's basketball team represented Baylor University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Bears, members of the Big 12 Conference, played their home games at the Ferrell Center in Waco, Texas and were led by first-year head coach Nicki Collen.

This was the first season in which the terms "men's" and "women's" were needed to distinguish Baylor's basketball teams. Before this season, Baylor women's basketball had used the nickname "Lady Bears", but on September 3, 2021, the school announced that basketball, soccer, and volleyball, the last three Baylor women's sports still using "Lady", would use only "Bears" from that point forward.

2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season
The 2021–22 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 9, 2021. The regular season ended on March 6, 2022, with the 2022 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament beginning on March 18, and ending with the championship game at the Target Center in Minneapolis on April 3.