hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trad Hamadeh
Trad Hamadeh (born 1950 in Hermel) is a Shia Lebanese former politician and was one of Hezbollah's two representatives in the Lebanese government of July 2005 led by Prime Minister Fouad Siniora. The other Hezbollah representative was Muhammad Fneish.

Muhammad Fneish
Muhammad Fneish (Arabic: محمد فنيش; born 1953) is a Shia Lebanese politician and member of Hezbollah. He represented Hezbollah in the Third Cabinet of Saad Hariri, serving as the Minister of Sports and Youth.
Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.
Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros., 222 U.S. 55 (1911), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held producing a motion picture based on a dramatic work can be copyright infringement. The producer of the motion picture is liable even they are not the exhibitor. This does not extend to a restriction of the dramatic work's ideas; it is a recognition of the author's monopoly powers granted by Congress.

The case involved a 1907 film adaptation of the 1880 novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by Lew Wallace.

Ben Hur (1907 film)
Ben Hur is a 1907 American silent drama film set in ancient Rome, the first screen adaptation of Lew Wallace's popular 1880 novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ. Co-directed by Sidney Olcott and Frank Oakes Rose, this "photoplay" was produced by the Kalem Company of New York City, and its scenes, including the climactic chariot race, were filmed in the city's borough of Brooklyn.

While this film is significant for being the first motion-picture adaptation of Wallace's novel, its production also served as a landmark case of copyright infringement by an early American film studio. In 1908 Kalem was successfully sued for representing parts of Wallace's book on screen without obtaining permission from the author's estate. Copies of the film, which survive, are now in the public domain and are readily available for free viewing online in the collections of various digital archives and on streaming services.
Manx grammar
The grammar of the Manx language has much in common with related Indo-European languages, such as nouns that display gender, number and case and verbs that take endings or employ auxiliaries to show tense, person or number. Other morphological features are typical of Insular Celtic languages but atypical of other Indo-European languages. These include initial consonant mutation, inflected prepositions and verb–subject–object word order.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Killing of Raed Zeiter
Raed Zeiter (Arabic: رائد زعيتر; c. 1976 – 10 March 2014) was a Jordanian judge who was shot dead by Israeli soldiers on 10 March 2014 at the Allenby Bridge border crossing between the Israeli-occupied West Bank and Jordan.

Involved Israeli soldiers claimed that Zeiter had tried to snatch a weapon from a soldier and had also attacked them with a metal pole, an account that was disputed by a witness speaking to the international news media as well as representatives of the government of Jordan, among others. The event became an international incident, with Israel formally issuing a statement of regret.

Politics of Jordan
The politics of Jordan take place in a framework of a parliamentary monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Jordan is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Jordan is a constitutional monarchy based on the constitution promulgated on January 8, 1952. The king exercises his power through the government he appoints which is responsible before the Parliament. In contrast to most parliamentary monarchies, the monarchy of Jordan is not ceremonial, with the King having significant influence over the affairs of the country.

King Abdullah II of Jordan has been sovereign since the death of his father, King Hussein, in 1999. Jafar Hassan has been prime minister since 15 September 2024.
Livia Kaiser
Livia Kaiser (born 2 October 2004) is a Swiss figure skater. She is the 2023 Swiss national champion, a two-time Swiss national bronze medalist, and the 2021 Volvo Open Cup silver medalist. Kaiser has represented Switzerland at the European Championships three times, finishing as high as fourth in 2024. Kaiser represented Swtizerland at the 2026 Winter Olympics

2024 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2024 European Figure Skating Championships were held from 10 to 14 January 2024 at the Žalgiris Arena in Kaunas, Lithuania. The competition was sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU) and hosted by the Lithuanian Skating Federation. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each skating federation at the 2025 European Championships.

The ISU published a complete list of entries on 19 December 2023. Adam Siao Him Fa of France won the men's event, Loena Hendrickx of Belgium won the women's event, Lucrezia Beccari and Matteo Guarise in Italy won the pairs event, and Charlène Guignard and Marco Fabbri of Italy won the ice dance event.
Tenement Halls
Tenement Halls is the name used by artist Chris Lopez for his solo work. Lopez was formerly the frontman and lead vocalist for indie rock band The Rock*A*Teens. As of 2024, Lopez has released one album under the Tenement Halls moniker, 2005's Knitting Needles and Bicycle Bells.  It is unclear whether Lopez is still creating music, or if he intends to use the Tenement Halls name in the future.

Tenement Halls is currently signed to Merge Records.

Merge Records
Merge Records is an independent record label based in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1989 by Laura Ballance and Mac McCaughan. It began as an outlet for music from their band Superchunk and music created by friends, and has expanded to include artists from around the world, with records reaching the top of the Billboard music charts.
Sheikh Ubeydullah
Sheikh Ubeydullah (1826–1883), also known as Sayyid Ubeydullah, was the leader of the first modern Kurdish nationalist struggle. Ubeydullah demanded recognition from the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran authorities for an independent Kurdish state, or Kurdistan, which he would govern without interference from Ottoman or Qajar authorities.

Sheikh Ubeydullah was an influential landowner in the 19th century and a member of the powerful Kurdish Shamdinan family from Nehri. He was the son of Sheikh Taha and a nephew to Sheikh Salih, from whom he inherited the leadership of the Sunni Sufi Naqshbandi order in Shamdinan. He united the various Kurdish tribes of the region to begin his rebellion against both the Ottomans and Qajars. After his rebellion was suppressed, he was exiled first to Istanbul, then to Hijaz where he died.

Şemdinli
Şemdinli (Kurdish: Şemzînan, Syriac: ܫܲܡܙܕܝܼܢ, romanized: Šamzdīn or Shemsdīn) is a town located in the Şemdinli District of Hakkari Province in Turkey and had a population of 18,220 in 2023. The current mayor is Tahir Saklı from the Justice and Development Party (AKP), elected in 2019.

The town is populated by Kurds of the Humaru and Zerzan Kurdish tribes and moreover of mixed tribal and non-tribal origin.
Duke of Montalto (defunct)
Duke of Montalto (Spanish: Duque de Montalto) was a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1507 by Ferdinand II to his nephew Fernando de Aragón y Guardato, who was an illegitimate son of Ferdinand I of Naples.

In 1958, Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia, daughter of the last Duke, requested the rehabilitation of the Dukedom with the denomination of "Montalto de Aragón", so to differentiate it from the existing Dukedom of Montalto also granted in 1507 by Ferdinand II. The Francoist Government did not accept this request for unknown reasons, and so the title became extinct.

Fernando de Aragón, 1st Duke of Montalto
Fernando de Aragón y Guardato, 1st Duke of Montalto (before 1494–1542) was the eldest bastard son of king Ferdinand I of Naples and Diana Guardato, one of his mistresses.

The addition "Montalto de Aragón" is in remembrance of his grandfather, Alfonso V of Aragon.
Arcadiy Harting
Arкadiy Mikhailovich Harting (Russian: Аркадий Михайлович Гартинг; 29 October 1861 – after 1913) was a secret agent and officer of the Okhrana, the secret police of the Russian Empire. During his career spanning from 1879 to 1909, he served as a police informer, agent provocateur, officer and the Head of the Okhrana foreign service based in Paris. Born to a Jewish family, he was later baptised and at the end of his career was awarded the rank of Active State Councilor, which gave him the rights of nobility.

Okhrana
The Department for the Protection of Public Safety and Order, usually called the Guard Department and commonly abbreviated in modern English sources as the Okhrana, was a secret police force  of the Russian Empire and part of the Imperial police department under the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in the late 19th century and early 20th century, aided by the Special Corps of Gendarmes.
Paul Berry (politician)
Paul Berry (born 3 June 1976) is a Northern Irish Independent Unionist politician, serving as an Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Councillor for the Cusher DEA since 2014.

He was previously a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Newry and Armagh from 1998 to 2007.

Elected as a  Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) candidate, Berry left the party in 2006 to sit as an Independent Unionist after a scandal about his alleged sex act with a male masseur in a Belfast hotel.

Newry and Armagh (Assembly constituency)
54°12′40″N 6°29′56″W﻿ / ﻿54.211°N 6.499°W﻿ / 54.211; -6.499

Newry and Armagh is a constituency in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The seat was first used for a Northern Ireland-only election for the Northern Ireland Forum in 1996. Since 1998, it has elected members to the current Assembly.

For Assembly elections prior to 1996, the constituency was part of the Armagh and South Down constituencies. Since 1997, it has shared boundaries with the Newry and Armagh UK Parliament constituency.

For further details of the history and boundaries of the constituency, see Newry and Armagh (UK Parliament constituency).
Jia Ruskaja
Jia Ruskaja (born Evgeniya Fyodorovna Borisenko, Russian: Евгения Фёдоровна Борисенко; 6 January 1902 – 19 April 1970) was a Russian dancer and choreographer who established the National Dance Academy of Italy. Her stage name "Jia Ruskaja", which means "I am Russian", was used for the first time by Anton Giulio Bragaglia.

Anton Giulio Bragaglia
Anton Giulio Bragaglia (11 February 1890 – 15 July 1960) was a pioneer in Italian Futurist photography and Futurist cinema. A versatile and intellectual artist with wide interests, he wrote about film, theatre, and dance.
European Centre of Excellence for Civilian Crisis Management
The European Centre of Excellence for Civilian Crisis Management (CoE) is a member-based association located in Berlin and established in 2020 by the German Federal Foreign Office.

Operating with a focus on EU crisis management missions, which are key civilian instruments of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the Centre supports its members (EU Member States) in strengthening their national systems, structures, and processes so that they can better contribute to EU civilian crisis management. It does this through offering a platform for informal exchange on key topics related to civilian crisis management, and by providing members with expert advice and consultations.

Federal Foreign Office
The Federal Foreign Office (German: Auswärtiges Amt, pronounced [ˈaʊsˌvɛʁtɪɡəs ˈʔamt] ⓘ; abbreviated AA) is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal agency responsible for both the country's foreign policy and its relationship with the European Union. It is a cabinet-level ministry. Since May 2025, Johann Wadephul has served as Foreign Minister, succeeding Annalena Baerbock. The primary seat of the ministry is at the Werderscher Markt square in the Mitte district, the historic centre of Berlin.

The term Auswärtiges Amt was the name of the Foreign Office established in 1870 by the North German Confederation, which then became the German Empire's Foreign Office in 1871. It is still the name of the German foreign ministry today. From 1871 to 1919, the Foreign Office was led by a Foreign Secretary, and since 1919, it has been led by the Foreign Minister of Germany.
Meghna Upazila
Meghna (Bengali: মেঘনা) is an upazila in Cumilla. In the end of 1998, Meghna was declared as the upazila. This upazila was formed with 5 unions of Daudkandi upazila and 3 unions of Homna upazila. As the Meghna river flows on one side of this upazila, is named after the proposal of the name of Meghna.

Upazila
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).

Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.

Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.
Taiwo Ajai-Lycett
Taiwo Ajai-Lycett Listenⓘ, OON (born 3 February 1941) is a Nigerian actress, journalist, television presenter, and cosmetologist. Lycett is a feminist and was the first editor of Africa Woman magazine in the 1970s.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
Biriyaani
Biriyaani is a 2020 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by Sajin Baabu. It features Kani Kusruti and Shailaja Jala in the lead roles. The film won NETPAC award for best film in 20th Asiatica Film Festival in Rome, Jury prize for Best Film at Bangalore International Film Festival, best film at the Caleidoscope Indian Film festival, Boston etc. Actress Kani Kusruti won the best actress at the BRICS competition section of the 42nd Moscow Film Festival, best actress at the Caleidoscope Indian Film festival, second-best actress award at the Imagine Film Festival in Madrid, Spain, and the 2019 Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress at Kerala State Film Awards for her performance in this film.

Bengaluru International Film Festival
The Bengaluru International Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Bengaluru, the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka, which previews films of all genres, including documentaries from around the world. Founded in 1996, Suchitra Bangalore International Film Festival, was held for a week from 22 to 28 December 2006 in collaboration with Suchitra Film Society.  More than 100 films were screened during festival.

The film festival is now being organized by Karnataka Chalanachitra Academy and is supported by Government of Karnataka. The 16th BIFFES was held in Bengaluru from 1 to 8 March 2025.
Delta Cafe
Delta Cafe is a Southern, cajun, and soul food restaurant in the Woodstock neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States. Anastasia Corya and Anton Pace opened the restaurant in 1995. They sold Delta in 2007 to open another Southern restaurant, Miss Delta, with two of the cafe's cooks. Frequented by Reed College students and neighborhood residents, Delta Cafe has been recognized as a favorite local comfort food destination. The cafe also has a cocktail bar called Delta Lounge. In 2016, a mural was painted on the restaurant's exterior as part of a neighborhood beautification project.

Cocktail
A cocktail is a mixed drink, usually  alcoholic. Most commonly, a cocktail is a combination of one or more spirits mixed with other ingredients, such as juices, flavored syrups, tonic water, shrubs, and bitters. Cocktails vary widely across regions of the world, and many websites publish both original recipes and their own interpretations of older and more famous cocktails.
Ewood Aqueduct
Ewood Aqueduct is a high embankment carrying the Leeds and Liverpool Canal over the River Darwen and the B6447 road near Blackburn, Lancashire, England. Built of sandstone in the early 19th century, it is a Grade II listed building.

Leeds and Liverpool Canal
The Leeds and Liverpool Canal is a canal in Northern England, linking the cities of Leeds and Liverpool.

Over a distance of 127 miles (204 km), crossing the Pennines, and including 91 locks on the main line. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal has several small branches, and in the early 21st century a new link was constructed into the Liverpool docks system.
Fredmund Malik
Fredmund Malik (born September 1, 1944) is an Austrian economist with focus on management science and the founder and chairman of a management consultancy (Malik Management) in St. Gallen.

Malik applies systems theory and cybernetics to analyse and design management systems. From 1974 to 2004 he was teaching at the University of St. Gallen, where he is titular professor for general management, leadership and governance.

University of St. Gallen
The University of St. Gallen (HSG) (German: Universität St. Gallen) is a public research university located in St. Gallen, Switzerland, that specialises in business administration, economics, law, international affairs, and computer science. It was established in 1898. It consistently ranks as one of the best business schools in Europe. In 2022, it had 9,590 students, of which 3,757 were master's students and 584 were doctoral students.

Although it is one of Switzerland's smallest universities, HSG has Switzerland's largest faculty for business administration. It has produced more billionaires in Europe than any other European university. It is a member of the CEMS and APSIA and is EQUIS, AACSB and AMBA accredited (triple crown accreditation). Its campus is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The university is owned by the canton of St. Gallen.
South East Great Dog Islet
South East Great Dog Islet is a small granite island, with an area of 0.6 ha, in south-eastern Australia.  It is part of Tasmania’s Great Dog Island Group, lying in eastern Bass Strait between Flinders and Cape Barren Islands in the Furneaux Group.  It is very close to the south-eastern end of Great Dog Island.

Great Dog Island (Tasmania)
The Great Dog Island, also known as Big Dog Island, and part of the Great Dog Group within the Furneaux Group, is a 354-hectare (870-acre) granite island, located in Bass Strait, lying south of the Flinders Island and north of the Cape Barren Island, in Tasmania, in south-eastern Australia.

The island is private property and has been severely affected by grazing livestock, fire, muttonbirding and the introduction of exotic animals.  The island is part of the Franklin Sound Islands Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because it holds over 1% of the world populations of six bird species.
Ettu Nombu
Ettu Nombu (Malayalam: എട്ടു നോമ്പ്) or the Eight Day Lent of St Mary, is a solemn remembrance of virgin-mother of Jesus Christ, for the St Thomas Christians in Kerala, India.

The custom is observed in the Eastern Catholic (Syro-Malabar Catholic and Syro Malankara Catholic) and Oriental Orthodox (Jacobite and Indian Orthodox) churches in Kerala. Believers participate in fasting and praying for the eight days. During this time churches celebrate the feast in remembrance of the birth of St Mary (Nativity of Mary) and the eight days of lent is rigorously observed from the 1st day to 8th day of September with charitable activities, evangelical conventions and special prayers to honor St Mary. For Syrian Catholics (Syro-Malabar Catholic and Syro Malankara Catholic), praying the rosary in groups is an important custom during these days. The eight days of lent is not a canonical one for the Church but is observed by the Syrian Christians of India and also of the Near Eastern countries.

Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church,  also known as the Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church, Malankara Jacobite Syrian Church, or the Syriac Orthodox Church in India is an autonomous maphrianate of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch based in Kerala, India and a part of the Oriental Orthodox Churches. It is headed by the Catholicos of India, Mor Baselios Joseph, within the hierarchy of Syriac Orthodox Church.

According to tradition, it was founded by Saint Thomas the Apostle. It is currently the only church in Malankara that maintains the hierarchy of the Syriac Orthodox Church under the Holy See of Antioch. The church employs the West Syriac Rite's Liturgy of Saint James.
Maya Kopitseva
Maya Kuzminichna Kopitseva (Russian: Ма́йя Кузьми́нична Копы́тцева; 18 May 1924 – 6 June 2005) was a Soviet Russian still-life painter and an Honored Artist of the RSFSR who lived and worked in Leningrad - Saint Petersburg. She was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists, which before 1992 was the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of the Russian Federation, and was regarded as one of the major representatives of the Leningrad school of painting.

Honored Artist of the RSFSR
Honored Artist of the RSFSR (Russian: Заслуженный артист РСФСР, Zasluzhenny artist RSFSR) was an honorary title granted to Soviet artists, including theatre and film directors, choreographers, music performers, and orchestra conductors, who had outstanding achievements in the arts, and who lived in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) from 1931 to 1991.
Bobby Bounds
Robert Edward Bettis Bounds (born January 13, 1969) is an American former professional football quarterback who played two seasons with the Cleveland Thunderbolts of the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football at East Texas State University, where he was an All-American. He was also a member of the Benicarlo Tifons in Spain and the Shreveport Pirates of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

East Texas A&M University
East Texas A&M University (ETAMU; formerly Texas A&M University–Commerce) is a public research university in Commerce, Texas, United States. With an enrollment of over 12,000 students as of fall 2017, the university is the third-largest institution in the Texas A&M University System. Founded in 1889, the institution is also the fifth-oldest state university or college in the State of Texas. The university is classified among "R2: High Research Spending and Doctorate Production".

Located on the northeastern edge of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, approximately 65 miles (105 km) from downtown Dallas, the university attracts traditional resident students from the Metroplex and also from the smaller communities of Northeast Texas. In addition to the main campus in Hunt County, the university has satellite campuses in downtown Dallas and Mesquite; it also offers courses in Corsicana and Midlothian in partnership with Navarro College and in Frisco and McKinney with Collin College.