hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Extraposition
Extraposition is a mechanism of syntax that alters word order in such a manner that a relatively "heavy" constituent appears to the right of its canonical position. Extraposing a constituent results in a discontinuity and in this regard, it is unlike shifting, which does not generate a discontinuity. The extraposed constituent is separated from its governor by one or more words that dominate its governor. Two types of extraposition are acknowledged in theoretical syntax: standard cases where extraposition is optional and it-extraposition where extraposition is obligatory. Extraposition is motivated in part by a desire to reduce center embedding by increasing right-branching and thus easing processing, center-embedded structures being more difficult to process. Extraposition occurs frequently in English and related languages.

Government (linguistics)
In grammar and theoretical linguistics, government or rection refers to the relationship between a word and its dependents. One can discern between at least three concepts of government: the traditional notion of case government, the highly-specialized definition of government in some generative models of syntax, and a much broader notion in dependency grammars.
Kakegawa Domain
Kakegawa Domain (掛川藩, Kakegawa-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  The domain was centered at Kakegawa Castle in Tōtōmi Province, in what is now the city of Kakegawa, Shizuoka.

Han system
Han (Japanese: 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Han or Bakufu-han (daimyo domain) served as a system of de facto administrative divisions of Japan alongside the de jure provinces until they were abolished in the 1870s.
Look (Song for Children)
"Look" (also known as "I Ran" and "Untitled Song #1") is an incomplete musical piece that was composed by American musician Brian Wilson for the Beach Boys' aborted Smile album. Wilson produced the backing track at the start of the Smile sessions in August 1966. It is theorized that a missing session tape may have contained a vocal track that he recorded with his bandmates in October.

In 2004, Wilson rerecorded the track as "Song for Children", with new lyrics written by Van Dyke Parks, for his album Brian Wilson Presents Smile, where it segues between the songs "Wonderful" and "Child Is Father of the Man". The 2011 compilation The Smile Sessions included a version of the original Beach Boys recording with additional vocals sampled from their 1971 song "Surf's Up".

Child Is Father of the Man
"Child Is Father of the Man" is a song by American rock band the Beach Boys that was written by Brian Wilson and Van Dyke Parks. It was originally recorded for the band's never-finished album Smile. In 2004, Wilson rerecorded the song for Brian Wilson Presents Smile. In 2011, the Beach Boys' original recording was released on The Smile Sessions.

The title derives from an idiom meaning that man is the product of habits and behavior developed in youth. Surviving tapes of the original recordings do not show any lyrics other than "child is father of the man". Parks penned new words for the 2004 version. The instrumentation includes keyboard, trumpet, vocal rounds, and a droning guitar saturated with reverb. Elements of the song were later reworked for the band's "Little Bird" and "Surf's Up".
Adeyemi Ikuforiji
Sabit Adeyemi Ikuforiji ((Listenⓘ); born 24 August 1958) is a Nigerian economist and politician who served as speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly from 2005 to 2015.

He was charged alongside his former personal assistant Oyebode Atoyebi on a 54-count charge of money laundering amounting to 333.8 million Nigerian naira. He was acquitted.

Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly
The speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly is the presiding officer of the Lagos State House of Assembly, elected by its membership. The Speaker is second in line of succession to the Lagos State governorship, after the deputy governor. The Speaker also represents the members of his or her constituency. Since inauguration of the state house of assembly on 2 October 1979, there have been 10 legislative assemblies with 8 representatives holding the office of Speaker. The current Speaker is Mudashiru Obasa who was reinstated on 3 March 2025, following his impeachment in January.
Shinsenen
Shinsen-en (神泉苑) is a garden with Buddhist temple located in the approximate center of the modern city of Kyoto, Japan. The temple belongs to the Tō-ji-branch of Shingon-shū and its honzon is a statue of Sho-Kannon. The pond and garden are the last surviving remnant of the original Heian Palace and is the oldest existing garden in Kyoto. It 1935, Shinsen-en was designated a National Historic Site.

Tō-ji
Tō-ji Temple (東寺, Tō-ji; "East Temple"), a.k.a. the Kyō-ō-gokoku-ji (教王護国寺, The Temple for the Defense of the Nation by Means of the King of Doctrines) is a Shingon Buddhist temple in the Minami-ku ward of Kyoto, Japan.

Founded in 796, Tō-ji Temple was one of the only three Buddhist temples allowed in the city at the time it became the capital of Japan. As such it has a long history, housing treasures and documents from the early Heian period and the Tang dynasty, and with buildings in its complex covering the Kamakura, Muromachi, Momoyama, and Edo periods. Five of these buildings have been designated National Treasures in two different categories: the Lotus Flower Gate (rengemon), the Miei Hall (mieidō), the Golden Hall (kondō) and the five-storied Pagoda (gojūnotō) (temple buildings) and the Kanchiin Guest Hall (kanchiin kyakuden) (residences).

Tō-ji was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994, as part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto.
Wähe
Wähe (which derives from the dialect in the regions of Basel, Zurich, Baden and Alsace) is a baked dish typical of Swiss and Alemannic (German) cuisine. A wähe consists of a casing (typically made of shortcrust pastry, but sometimes yeast dough or puff pastry) and a topping of a custard enveloping either fruit, vegetables or cheese. The custard and fruits or vegetables are baked together. The preparation is thus very similar to that of the French quiche or tarte.

Tart
A tart is a baked dish consisting of a filling over a pastry base with an open top not covered with pastry. The pastry is usually shortcrust pastry; the filling may be sweet or savoury, though modern tarts are usually fruit-based, sometimes with custard. Tartlet refers to a miniature tart; an example would be egg tarts. The categories of "tart", "flan", and "pie" overlap, with no sharp distinctions.
Carroll Morgan (boxer)
Carroll Morgan (October 3, 1947 – June 20, 2018) was a Canadian heavyweight boxer who represented his native country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. There he was defeated in the quarterfinals by Sweden's eventual bronze medalist Hasse Thomsén.

Hasse Thomsén
Hasse Evert Thomsén (27 February 1942 – 26 April 2004) was a heavyweight boxer from Sweden who won a bronze medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics. In the semifinals he was defeated by Romania's eventual silver medalist Ion Alexe on points (0:5). Thomsén was a national heavyweight champion in 1969–72.

In 1973–74, Thomsén had five professional bouts in Europe with a result of one loss and 4 draws.
Mediaset Premium (company)
Mediaset Premium S.p.A. was a Mediaset subsidiary active in the television sector. The company managed the distribution of pay television channels that were available on the television platform of the same name and for the satellite platform Sky.

Sky Italia
Sky Italia S.r.l. is an Italian satellite television platform owned by the American media conglomerate Comcast. Sky Italia also broadcasts three national free-to-air television channels: TV8, Cielo, and Sky TG24.

Pay TV services on the Sky Italia satellite platform are broadcast on the Hot Bird satellites at 13.0°E and are encrypted in NDS VideoGuard.
Gui (food)
Gui (Korean: 구이; pronounced [kuː.i]) refers to grilled dishes in Korean cuisine. Gui most commonly has meat or fish as the primary ingredient, but may, in some cases also have grilled vegetables or other vegetarian ingredients. The term derives from the verb gupda (굽다), which literally means "grill". At traditional restaurants, meats are cooked at the center of the table over a charcoal grill, surrounded by various banchan and individual rice bowls. The cooked meat is then cut into small pieces and wrapped with fresh lettuce leaves, rice, thinly sliced garlic, ssamjang (a mixture of gochujang and dwenjang), and other seasonings. The suffix gui is often omitted in the names of meat-based gui such as galbi, originally named galbi gui.

Gochujang
Gochujang or red chili paste is a savory, sweet, and spicy fermented condiment popular in Korean cooking. It is made from gochugaru  (red chili powder), chapssal (glutinous rice), meju (fermented soybean) powder, yeotgireum (barley malt powder), and salt. The sweetness comes from the starch of cooked glutinous rice, cultured with saccharifying enzymes during the fermentation process. Traditionally, it would be naturally fermented over years in jangdok (earthenware) on an elevated stone platform called jangdokdae in the backyard.
2012 West Virginia Senate election
The 2012 West Virginia Senate election took place on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect members to the 81st and 82nd Legislatures; held concurrently with the presidential, U.S. House, U.S. Senate, and gubernatorial elections. State senate seats in West Virginia are staggered, with senators serving 4-year terms. 17 of the 34 state senate seats were up for election. While Republican candidate for president Mitt Romney won the state in the presidential election by over 26 points, the Democratic Party won over 60% of the vote for state senate candidates, though they lost 3 seats. As of 2023, this is the last state senate election in which Democrats won a majority of seats.

2012 United States Senate election in West Virginia
The 2012 United States Senate election in West Virginia was held on November 6, 2012, to elect one of West Virginia's two members of the U.S. Senate for a six-year term. In a rematch of the 2010 special election, incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Joe Manchin won re-election to a first full term against the Republican nominee, John Raese. Notably, Manchin outperformed Barack Obama in the concurrent presidential election by 25.06 percentage points in vote share, and by 50.86 percentage points on margin. Manchin also won all but 3 counties, including 10 that he lost in 2010.
4-HO-NBnT
4-HO-NBnT, also known as 4-hydroxy-N-benzyltryptamine, is a serotonin receptor agonist and putative psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptamine families related to norpsilocin (4-HO-NMT).

It is a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. The drug produces psychedelic-like effects in animals.

4-HO-NBnT was first described in the scientific literature in 2024.

Norpsilocin
Norpsilocin, also known as 4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine (4-HO-NMT), is a tryptamine alkaloid recently discovered in 2017 in the psychedelic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis. It is hypothesized to be a dephosphorylated metabolite of baeocystin.
Scarlett Heights Entrepreneurial Academy
Scarlett Heights Entrepreneurial Academy, formerly known as Scarlett Heights Collegiate Institute is a Toronto Catholic District School Board facility that serves as a vacant secondary school located in the Etobicoke district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Opened in 1963 by the Etobicoke Board of Education, this school  was broadened through a Student Leadership Development Program, which extends the base curriculum. This school was transferred to the new Toronto District School Board in 1998 and the school was closed in June 2018 due to low enrolment. After its closure, this school facility was used to temporarily accommodate students from York Memorial Collegiate Institute.

York Memorial Collegiate Institute
York Memorial Collegiate Institute is a public secondary school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is administered by Toronto District School Board (TDSB), de jure located at 2690 Eglinton Avenue West. Prior to 1998, the school was part of the legacy Board of Education for the City of York.

The school opened in 1929 at the Keele and Eglinton area in what was then the Township of York. At 1,350 students, the school is often referred to as "Memo" by its students. Its motto is Macte Nova Virtute (Go forth with new strength).
Ramram Das
Ramram Das was one of the earliest patriarchs of the extended Munshi family of Kadirpara and Chougachi, who co-founded the Kadirpara Estate along with his younger brother Munshi Balaram Das. He was the son of Majumdar Rajivlochan Das, younger brother of Hariram Das and elder brother of Munshi Balaram Das. He belonged to the Das family belonging to the Barendra Kayastha lineage, which originated from Mahatma Narahari Das (also known as Naradev Das). Ramram's bravery has been documented in the books Jessore-Khulnar Itihas (English: History of Jessore and Khulna) by Satish Chandra Mitra and Raja Sitaram Ray by Jadunath Bhattacharya. He, along with his younger brother Balaram, once fought off fearsome robbers with immense courage, which impressed Raja Sitaram Ray, helping them be granted with a whole village called Bilpakuria in exchange of no tax. This incident laid the foundation of the zamindari in Kadirpara, later known as the Kadirpara Estate.

Kadirpara Estate
Kadirpara Estate was a zamindari in erstwhile Kadirpara during British Raj era. It was founded by Munshi Balaram Das, who served as the Munshi of Raja Sitaram Ray, the 17th century independent Hindu zamindar who revolted against the Mughal Empire. Initially during Mughal period, and later during British period, this zamindari became one of the prominent zamindaries in eastern part of Bengal. The ruins of the zamindari palace, popularly known as Kadirpara Babu Zamindar Bari still exists. It is a place of interest in Magura District of present-day Bangladesh.
Saropogon dispar
Saropogon dispar is a species of robber flies (insects in the family Asilidae).

Zoologists have reported seeing this species at Natches Pond, Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Photographers have also observed larger specimens in Jefferson County. They found that the Jefferson County Saropogon were at flowering buttonbushes and were also picking off insects.

In Texas Saropogon dispar is the most injurious species of robber fly; they frequent apiaries. A bee keeper destroyed more than 700 of these flies in a single bee yard in a three-day period.

Asilidae
The Asilidae are the robber fly family, also called assassin flies. They are powerfully built, bristly flies with a short, stout proboscis enclosing the sharp, sucking hypopharynx. The name "robber flies" reflects their expert predatory habits; they feed mainly or exclusively on other insects and, as a rule, they wait in ambush and catch their prey in flight.
Non-exact solutions in general relativity
Non-exact solutions in general relativity are solutions of Albert Einstein's field equations of general relativity which hold only approximately. These solutions are typically found by treating the gravitational field, , as a background space-time, , (which is usually an exact solution) plus some small perturbation, . Then one is able to solve the Einstein field equations as a series in , dropping higher order terms for simplicity.

A common example of this method results in the linearised Einstein field equations.  In this case we expand the full space-time metric about the flat Minkowski metric, :

,

and dropping all terms which are of second or higher order in .

Linearized gravity
In the theory of general relativity, linearized gravity is the application of perturbation theory to the metric tensor that describes the geometry of spacetime. As a consequence, linearized gravity is an effective method for modeling the effects of gravity when the gravitational field is weak. The usage of linearized gravity is integral to the study of gravitational waves and weak-field gravitational lensing.
Steven Guilbeault
Steven Guilbeault (French: [gilbo]; born June 9, 1970) is a Canadian politician and activist who has been the member of Parliament (MP) for Laurier–Sainte-Marie since 2019. A member of the Liberal Party, Guilbeault was Minister of Canadian Heritage from 2019 to 2021, Minister of Environment and Climate Change from 2021 to 2025, and Minister of Canadian Identity and Culture and Minister responsible for Official Languages in 2025.

A founding member of Équiterre, a Quebec community-supported agriculture organization, he was also director and campaign manager for the Greenpeace Quebec chapter for ten years. Guilbeault stepped down as senior director and spokesperson for Équiterre in November 2018, and announced his candidacy in the 2019 Canadian federal election in July.

Minister of Canadian Identity and Culture
The minister of Canadian identity and culture (French: ministre de l'identité et de la culture canadiennes) is the minister of the Crown responsible for the Department of Canadian Heritage. The minister is a member of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the Canadian Cabinet.

Marc Miller has served as the current minister of Canadian identity and culture since 2025. The minister is selected by the prime minister and appointed by the Crown. The role was created in 1996 as the minister of Canadian heritage (French: ministre du patrimoine canadien) to lead the government's culture, media, sports, and arts initiatives. In March 2025, the role was renamed as the minister of Canadian culture and identity, Parks Canada and Quebec lieutenant, and the portfolio assumed responsibility for Parks Canada. The simplified title was adopted in May 2025.
Vancouver-Little Mountain
Vancouver-Little Mountain is a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia.

It first appeared on the hustings in the general election of 1966 as a two-member seat. It returned as a two-member seat until 1986 and became a one-member seat thereafter. After the 1996 election, the areas it comprised were redistributed. Successor ridings, roughly, were Vancouver-Fraserview, Vancouver-Mount Pleasant, Vancouver-Fairview and Vancouver-Langara.

Under the new representation order of the 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution approved in 2023, the Vancouver-Little Mountain name was revived, with the new electoral district taking territory from the existing Vancouver-Mount Pleasant, Vancouver-Fairview, Vancouver-False Creek, Vancouver-Langara, and Vancouver-Kensington ridings.

In the 2024 British Columbia general election, it was won by NDP candidate Christine Boyle.

Vancouver-Langara
Vancouver-Langara is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada.

This riding takes in neighbourhoods in south-central Vancouver, such as Marpole, Sunset and Oakridge. It is the most diverse provincial riding in Vancouver, with visible minorities making up 79% of the population.
Diamphidia
Diamphidia, or Bushman arrow-poison beetle, is an African genus of flea beetles, in the family Chrysomelidae.

The larvae and pupae of Diamphidia produce a toxin used by Bushmen as an arrow poison.
The Finnish explorer Hendrik Jacob Wikar, who travelled in Southern Africa in 1773–1779, described the larvae as "poisonous worms". Hans Schinz was the first scientist to document the process by which the Bushmen extract and use the poison.

The adults and larvae of Diamphidia nigroornata feed on Commiphora angolensis (Engler), whereas Diamphidia vittatipennis eat African myrrh.

Flea beetle
The flea beetle is any small, jumping beetle of the leaf beetle family (Chrysomelidae) that is part of the tribe Alticini, which is part of the subfamily Galerucinae. Historically the flea beetles were classified as their own subfamily.

Traditionally, the Alticini were separated from other Galerucinae by the presence of jumping hind legs, characterised by enlarged femora containing a spring structure allowing the flea beetles to jump. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that jumping hind legs evolved multiple times in the Galerucinae, rather than once, and that several genera should be transferred between Alticini and Galerucinae sensu stricto (or Galerucini in some classifications).
Geste du roi
The Geste du roi is the title of one of the literary cycles that compose the Chansons de Geste. In the Chansons of the Geste du roi, the chief character is usually Charlemagne or one of his immediate successors. A pervasive theme is the King's role as champion of Christianity. This cycle contains the first of the chansons to be written down, the Chanson de Roland or The Song of Roland.

Song of Roland
The Song of Roland (French: La Chanson de Roland) is an 11th-century chanson de geste based on the deeds of the Frankish military leader Roland at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in AD 778, during the reign of Charlemagne. It is the oldest surviving major work of French literature. It exists in various manuscript versions, which testify to its enormous and enduring popularity in Medieval and Renaissance literature from the 12th to the 16th centuries.

It is an epic poem written in Old French and is the first example of the chanson de geste, a literary form that flourished between the 11th and 16th centuries in Medieval Europe and celebrated legendary deeds. An early version was composed around AD 1040, with additions and alterations made up to about AD 1115. The final poem contains about 4,000 lines.
The Applicant
"The Applicant" is a poem written by American confessional poet Sylvia Plath on October 11, 1962. It was first published on January 17, 1963 in The London Magazine and was later republished in 1965 in Ariel alongside poems such as "Daddy" and "Lady Lazarus" two years after her death.

The poem is a satirical 'interview' that comments on the meaning of marriage, condemns gender stereotypes and details the loss of identity one feels when adhering to social expectations. The poem focuses on the role of women in a conventional marriage and Plath employs themes such as the conformity to gender norms. It was written a few days after Sylvia Plath’s decision to divorce Ted Hughes and it has been interpreted as a comment on her isolation within that relationship and the lack of power women held in her society.

Daddy (poem)
"Daddy" is a poem written by American confessional poet Sylvia Plath. The poem was composed on October 12, 1962, one month after her separation from Ted Hughes and four months before her death. It was published posthumously in Ariel during 1965 alongside many other of her final poems, such as "Tulips" and "Lady Lazarus". It has subsequently become a widely anthologized poem in American literature.

"Daddy" employs controversial metaphors of the Holocaust to explore Plath's complex relationship with her father, Otto Plath, who died shortly after her eighth birthday as a result of undiagnosed diabetes. The poem itself is cryptic; its implications and thematic concerns have been analyzed academically, with many differing conclusions.