hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2007 Formula Palmer Audi season
2007 saw the 10th season of the Formula Palmer Audi open wheel racing series, contested over 20 races between 7 April and 23 September. The championship was won by Tim Bridgman in his first Palmer Audi season.

Formula Palmer Audi
Formula Palmer Audi, officially abbreviated to FPA, and sometimes informally abbreviated to Palmer Audi, was a one-make class of open wheel Formula racing founded in 1998 by former Formula One driver, Jonathan Palmer. It was based in the United Kingdom (UK), and was organised and operated by MotorSport Vision. It had a high proportion of British drivers and venues, but it also featured international drivers and races in mainland Europe.

The series was most famous for producing ex-F1 driver and IndyCar race-winner Justin Wilson, and triple World Touring Car Champion Andy Priaulx.

In November 2010, Jonathan Palmer announced the end of the series, with the series' chassis being dismantled for use in other areas of the MotorSport Vision organisation.
Democratic Union (Israel)
The Democratic Union (Hebrew: המחנה הדמוקרטי, romanized: HaMaḥaneh HaDemokrati, lit. 'The Democratic Camp') was a left-wing political alliance in Israel formed between Meretz, Israel Democratic Party, Labor defector Stav Shaffir, and the Green Movement that ran in the September 2019 Israeli legislative election. On 19 December 2019, Labor defector Stav Shaffir and her party, the Green Movement, announced a press conference in which she would leave the alliance to run independently in the 2020 Israeli legislative election. The Democratic Union initially announced on 7 January 2020 that it would run in the 2020 election, this time including Meretz and Democratic Choice.

On 13 January 2020, it was announced that a new Labor-Gesher-Meretz slate had been formed for the 2020 election, excluding Shaffir, but including Yair Golan in a reserved Meretz slot.

Israel Democratic Party
The Israel Democratic Party (Hebrew: ישראל דמוקרטית, romanized: Yisrael Demokratit, lit. 'Democratic Israel') was a political party in Israel established in 2019 by former prime minister Ehud Barak. The party merged with Meretz for the September 2019 election. It did not contest the 2020 snap election.
2023 North Dakota Fighting Hawks football team
The 2023 North Dakota Fighting Hawks football team represented the University of North Dakota as a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC) during the 2023 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by tenth-year head coach Bubba Schweigert, the team played their home games at the Alerus Center in Grand Forks, North Dakota. The North Dakota Fighting Hawks football team drew an average home attendance of 10,288 in 2023.

2023 NCAA Division I FCS football season
The 2023 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, was organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. The regular season began on August 26 and ended in November. The postseason began in November and ended on January 7, 2024, with the 2024 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game at Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas. South Dakota State repeated as champions, defeating Montana, 23–3.
Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)
The Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621) was a conflict between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire over the control of Moldavia. It ended with the Commonwealth withdrawing its claims on Moldavia and led to the eventual demise of the Sultan Osman II.

It is also known as the Khotyn War, because it was ended by the Treaty of Khotyn (9 October 1621) in the aftermath of the final Battle of Khotyn (1621).

Battle of Khotyn (1621)
The Battle of Khotyn or Battle of Chocim or Khotyn War (in Turkish: Hotin Muharebesi) was a combined siege and series of battles which took place from 2 September to 9 October 1621 between a Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, commanded by the Grand Hetman of Lithuania Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, against an invading Ottoman Imperial army, led by Sultan Osman II, which was stopped until the first autumn snows. On 9 October, due to the lateness of the season and heavy losses – due to failed assaults on Commonwealth fortifications – the Ottomans abandoned their siege and the battle concluded with a Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack victory. Chodkiewicz died on 24 September 1621 shortly before concluding a treaty with the Turks.
1935 Florida Gators football team
The 1935 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1935 college football season. The season marked Dennis K. Stanley's third and final year as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. The highlights of the season included the Gators' victories over Sewanee (20–0) and South Carolina (22–0). Stanley's 1935 Florida Gators finished with an overall record of 3–7 and a Southeastern Conference (SEC) tally of 1–6, placing twelfth of thirteen SEC members.

Dennis K. Stanley
Dennis Keith Stanley Sr. (April 14, 1906 – May 29, 1983), nicknamed Dutch Stanley, was an American education professor, university administrator and intercollegiate sports coach.  Stanley was a native of England, but graduated from high school in Florida.  He was a standout college football player for the University of Florida football teams of the late 1920s, and later returned to his alma mater as a professor and coach, and ultimately as the long-time dean of the College of Health and Human Performance.
John Frost (cricketer)
John Henry Frost (30 January 1847 – 1 November 1916) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Derbyshire in 1874.

Frost was born in Wirksworth, the son of George Frost, a farmer/builder, and his wife Mary. He became a joiner and played cricket for Wirksworth - taking part in matches against All England XI in 1868 and 1870

Frost played for Derbyshire in the 1873 season in a miscellaneous match against Nottinghamshire. He made his debut and only first-class appearance during the 1874 season, a victory against Kent. Frost was an upper-order batsman and played alongside his brother George Frost for a 41-run second-wicket partnership. His brother had first played for Derbyshire two years previously and had a much longer career, playing 37 games between 1872 and 1880. Frost played one extra game in 1874 a match against the United South of England. In 1883 and 1884 Frost played several games for Staffordshire.

Frost died in Ashover at the age of 69.

Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1873
Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1873 was the third cricket season which the English club Derbyshire played. Officials and supporters were disappointed that they had been unable to arrange further first-class fixtures than the two against Lancashire, but they managed to arrange an extra match against Nottinghamshire, who were a leading team at the time.
1990 Dallas Cowboys season
The 1990 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise's 31st season in the National Football League (NFL) and was the second year of the franchise under the ownership of Jerry Jones and head coach Jimmy Johnson. The Cowboys rebounded from a 1–15 season in 1989 to a 7–9 record. However, the Cowboys missed the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season. Despite this, Jimmy Johnson won AP's NFL coach of the year honors. This was the first season since their Super Bowl X-appearing 1975 season that offensive lineman Tom Rafferty was not on the roster, as he announced his retirement in the offseason, ending a 14-year era for the team.

Tom Rafferty
Thomas Michael "Tom" Rafferty (August 2, 1954 – June 5, 2025) was an American professional football player who was an offensive lineman for 14 seasons with the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions under head coach Joe Paterno.
2024 Oakland Athletics season
The 2024 season was the 124th season for the Oakland Athletics franchise, and the 57th in Oakland. It was the Athletics' final season in Oakland, before the team relocated after the owners approved the move unanimously on November 16, 2023. The team took temporary residency in West Sacramento for three seasons at Sutter Health Park, operating as just the Athletics during that period of time.

This was the first season for Jenny Cavnar as play-by-play announcer for A's broadcasts on NBC Sports California, thus becoming the first female primary announcer in MLB history.

With a win over the New York Mets on August 13, the Athletics improved on their record from the previous season.

Kyle McCann
Kyle Joseph McCann (born December 2, 1997) is an American professional baseball catcher and first baseman in the Colorado Rockies organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics. He was drafted in the fourth round of the 2019 MLB draft by Oakland after three seasons at Georgia Tech. Following his junior season, Baseball America named him a second team All-American as a designated hitter. He was also named all-ACC first team catcher.
Hennepin Avenue Bridge
The Hennepin Avenue Bridge is a suspension bridge that carries Hennepin County State Aid Highway 52, Hennepin Avenue, across the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, at Nicollet Island. Officially, it is the Father Louis Hennepin Bridge, in honor of the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin, the first European to see the Saint Anthony Falls. It is the fourth bridge on the site, having been preceded by the first bridge to cross the Mississippi and two other overpasses.

Hennepin Avenue Bridge (1855)
The Hennepin Avenue Bridge was a bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, spanning the Mississippi River at Hennepin Avenue from the Minneapolis Bank to Nicollet Island. Built in 1854 and opened in 1855, it was the first bridge to span the Mississippi.
Eliah Drinkwitz
Eliah Walter Drinkwitz (born April 12, 1983) is an American college football coach who is the head football coach at the University of Missouri, a position he has held since the 2020 season. He previously served as the head coach at Appalachian State University in 2019; prior to this, he served as an assistant coach for NC State, Boise State, Arkansas State, and Auburn.

2020 Missouri Tigers football team
The 2020 Missouri Tigers football team represented the University of Missouri in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Tigers played their home games at Faurot Field in Columbia, Missouri, and competed in the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by first-year head coach Eliah Drinkwitz.

In a season impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Tigers compiled a 5–5 record, all in conference games. The team was set to face Iowa in the Music City Bowl, but had to withdraw due to COVID-19 issues.  Missouri would face Iowa in the same bowl game four years later.
2022–23 Ranji Trophy Group C
The 2022–23 Ranji Trophy is the 88th season of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first-class cricket tournament in India. It is contested by 38 teams, divided into four elite groups and a plate group, with eight teams in Group C. The tournament was announced by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) on 8 August 2022.

2022–23 Ranji Trophy
The 2022–23 Ranji Trophy was the 88th season of the Ranji Trophy, the premier first-class cricket tournament in India. It was played from 13 December 2022 and was finished on 19 February 2023. Madhya Pradesh were the defending champions, winning their first Ranji Trophy title previous season.

During this season, Sikkim hosted Ranji Trophy matches for the first time. Narayanan Janani, Vrinda Rathi and Gayathri Venugopalan became the first female umpires to officiate in the Ranji Trophy.

In the final, Saurashtra defeated Bengal by 9 wickets to win their second title.
Methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene is a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon produced by burning organic compounds at very high temperatures.  Methylcholanthrene is also known as 3-methylcholanthrene, 20-methylcholanthrene or the IUPAC name 3-methyl-1,2-dyhydrobenzo[j]aceanthrylene. The short notation often used is 3-MC or MCA. This compound forms pale yellow solid crystals when crystallized from benzene and ether. It has a melting point around 180 °C and its boiling point is around 280 °C at a pressure of 80 mmHg.  Methylcholanthrene is used in laboratory studies of chemical carcinogenesis. It is an alkylated derivative of benz[a]anthracene and has a similar UV spectrum.  The most common isomer is 3-methylcholanthrene, although the methyl group can occur in other places.

3-Methylcholanthrene, a known carcinogen which builds up in the prostate due to cholesterol breakdown, is implicated in prostate cancer.  It "readily produces" primary sarcomas in mice.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is any member of a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple fused aromatic rings. Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter—by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, or when biomass burns at lower temperatures as in forest fires. The simplest representative is naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. PAHs are uncharged, non-polar and planar. Many are colorless. Many of them are also found in fossil fuel deposits such as coal and in petroleum. Exposure to PAHs can lead to different types of cancer, to fetal development complications, and to cardiovascular issues.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as possible starting materials for abiotic syntheses of materials required by the earliest forms of life.
Växjö Lakers
The Växjö Lakers Hockey Club (often referred to as the Växjö Lakers or VLH) are a Swedish professional ice hockey club from Växjö in Sweden. The club plays at the Vida Arena and plays in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the top-level league of Swedish ice hockey, and made its debut there in 2011–12. Since entering the SHL the club has become known as one of the premier SHL clubs, winning the Le Mat Trophy as Swedish national Champions four times in 2015, 2018, 2021 and 2023 (the most of any SHL clubs since their promotion). Forwards Erik Josefsson and Robert Rosén are the only players to be a part of all four Championship-winning teams.

2014–15 SHL season
The 2014–15 SHL season was the 40th season of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). The regular season began on 10 September 2014 and ended on 5 March 2015. The following playoffs began on 12 March and ended on 23 April 2015.

Skellefteå AIK won the regular season for the third consecutive season. Växjö Lakers won the Swedish Championship title by defeating Skellefteå in six games in a series where none of the two teams won at home until Växjö in game six. The title was Växjö's first in only their second play-off appearance.

Modo Hockey and Leksands IF were forced to play in the Direktkval till SHL to defend their SHL status. Modo swept the series against HC Vita Hästen while Leksand lost to Malmö Redhawks over seven games. Therefore Malmö were promoted to the SHL on the expense of Leksand.
1969–70 1. Slovenská národná hokejová liga season
The 1969–70 1. Slovenská národná hokejová liga season was the 1st season of the 1. Slovenská národná hokejová liga, the second level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia alongside the 1. Česká národní hokejová liga. 8 teams participated in the league, and TJ LVS Poprad won the championship.

HK Poprad
HK Poprad is a professional ice hockey team in the Slovak Extraliga, the top ice hockey league in Slovakia. It plays its games in Poprad, Slovakia. The squad's greatest successes include 2nd place in the Slovak Extraliga in 2006, 2011 and 2021. The team finished in the standings of the 2023-2024 season in 1st place, with a record of 27 wins and 15 losses. The club is nicknamed Kamzíci, which means "Chamoises" in Slovak.
Rick Vaive
Richard Claude Vaive (/ˈvaɪv/; born May 14, 1959) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played in the final season of the World Hockey Association (WHA) and played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1992.  While with the Toronto Maple Leafs, he became the first member of that team to score 50 goals in a season.

1991–92 NHL season
The 1991–92 NHL season was the 75th regular season of the National Hockey League. The league expanded to 22 teams with the addition of the expansion San Jose Sharks. A ten-day players' strike was called in April, delaying the final weeks of the regular season and the playoffs, and pushing the Stanley Cup Finals into June for the first time. The Pittsburgh Penguins repeated as Stanley Cup champions, winning the best of seven series four games to none against the Chicago Blackhawks.
2020 Overwatch League season
The 2020 Overwatch League season is the third season of the Overwatch League (OWL), a professional esports league for the video game Overwatch. The regular season began on February 8, 2020, and concluded on August 23. It was the first season that the league implemented a city-based, home-and-away format, with teams traveling between the global home venues to play regular season matches, making the OWL the first major esports league to feature such a format. However, this format was abandoned on March 31 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and all matches were thereafter played online, with the league introducing three midseason tournaments.

An expanded 20-team postseason began on September 3. The Grand Finals bracket began on October 8, with the Grand Finals occurring on October 10. The San Francisco Shock won the Grand Finals over the Seoul Dynasty to win their second straight OWL championship.

Seoul Dynasty
Seoul Dynasty was a South Korean professional Overwatch esports team based in Seoul, South Korea. The Dynasty  compete in the Overwatch League (OWL) as a member of the league's East region. Founded in 2017, Seoul Dynasty is one of the league's twelve founding members and one of two professional Overwatch teams based in South Korea. The team is owned by Kevin Chou of Generation Gaming, who also own and operate an academy team for the Dynasty that compete in Overwatch Contenders (OWC) under the moniker Gen.G Esports.

The team that would be the Seoul Dynasty competed under the moniker Lunatic-Hai and were considered to be one the best Overwatch teams heading into the OWL's inaugural season. However, the team failed to reach the playoffs in 2018. Seoul qualified for the playoffs for the first time in 2019, and in 2020, the team reached the Grand Finals, where they lost to the San Francisco Shock. In 2023, the team was disbanded.
Elite League (speedway)
The Elite League was the top division of speedway league competition in the United Kingdom, governed by the Speedway Control Bureau (SCB), in conjunction with the British Speedway Promoters' Association (BSPA). It was founded in 1997 and was sponsored by Sky Sports until the end of the 2013 season. In 2016, the Elite League featured 8 teams, unlike 10 in 2014, during a season which ran between March and October. Each team had a designated race day on which they normally staged their home fixtures, and they regularly had home and away fixtures scheduled in the same week.

The Elite League operated for 20 years until British speedway was restructured with the formation of the SGB Premiership and SGB Championship.

2016 Elite League speedway season
The 2016 Elite League was the 82nd season of the top division of speedway leagues in Great Britain. The Elite League ran between March and October 2016. The Poole Pirates were the defending champions after winning their third consecutive title in 2015. The lineup of teams for 2016 stayed the same as in 2015, with the same eight teams competing. It was the last time that the competition would be known as the Elite League.
2015 Leeds City Council election
The 2015 Leeds City Council election took place on Thursday 7 May 2015 to elect members of Leeds City Council in England. It was held on the same day as the 2015 general election and other local elections across the UK.

As per the election cycle, one third of the council's seats were up for election. The councillors subsequently elected replaced those elected when their individual seats were previously contested in 2011.

No political party gained or lost any seats and the Labour Party retained all 22 of their contested council seats and their majority control of the council since 2011.

2011 Leeds City Council election
The 2011 Leeds City Council election took place on Thursday 5 May 2011 to elect members of Leeds City Council in England. It was held on the same day as other local elections across the UK.

As per the election cycle, one third of the council's seats were up for election. The councillors subsequently elected replaced those elected when their individual seats were previously contested in 2007.

After forming a minority administration following the 2010 election, the Labour Party regained overall control of the council for the first time since the council had been in no overall control in 2004. Labour gained seven seats, including four from the Liberal Democrats.
Global Standards Symposium
The Global Standards Symposium (GSS) is a statutory meeting that precedes the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (a quadrennial conference of the International Telecommunication Union, ITU). GSS provides a high-level forum for discussion and coordination open to all. The GSS was created by the ITU's treaty-making conference, the Plenipotentiary Conference 2006 in Antalya, Turkey with Resolution 122.

World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly
The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA) is the governing conference of the ITU Standardization Sector (ITU-T), one of the three world conferences of the International Telecommunication Union, and as such, the United Nations system. The quadrennial conference decides the working methods for ITU-T for the next Study Period. It also creates the Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (TSAG) and the ITU-T Study Groups (such as ITU-T Study Group 13) and elects their management teams. The Recommendations and resolutions that are approved at WTSA shape the future of ICT standardization.
William of Modena
William of Modena (c. 1184 – 31 March 1251), also known as William of Sabina, Guglielmo de Chartreaux, Guglielmo de Savoy, Guillelmus, was an Italian clergyman and papal diplomat. He was frequently appointed a legate, or papal ambassador by the popes Honorius III and Gregory IX, especially in Livonia in the 1220s and in the Prussian questions of the 1240s. Eventually he resigned his see to devote himself to these diplomatic issues. On 28 May 1244 he was created Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina by Pope Innocent IV. For a short time (1219–1222) he served also as Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church.

Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV (Latin: Innocentius IV; c. 1195 – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.

Fieschi was born in Genoa and studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna. He was considered in his own day and by posterity as a fine canonist. On the strength of this reputation, he was called to the Roman Curia by Pope Honorius III. Pope Gregory IX made him a cardinal and appointed him governor of the Ancona in 1235. Fieschi was elected pope in 1243 and took the name Innocent IV. He inherited an ongoing dispute over lands seized by the Holy Roman Emperor, and the following year he traveled to France to escape imperial plots against him in Rome. He returned to Rome in 1250 after the death of the Emperor Frederick II.

On 15 May 1252 he promulgated the bull  Ad extirpanda  authorizing torture against heretics, equated with ordinary criminals.