hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an ascomycete fungus that causes ash dieback, a chronic fungal disease of ash trees in Europe characterised by leaf loss and crown dieback in infected trees. The fungus was first scientifically described in 2006 under the name Chalara fraxinea. Four years later it was discovered that Chalara fraxinea is the asexual (anamorphic) stage of a fungus that was subsequently named Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus and then renamed as Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.

The first recognised report of this disease was in 1992 after a large number of ash trees had died in Poland. The disease is now widespread in Europe, with up to 85% mortality rates recorded in plantations and 69% in woodlands. It is closely related to a native fungus Hymenoscyphus albidus, which is harmless to European ash trees.
A 2016 report published in the Journal of Ecology posited that a combination of H. fraxineus and emerald ash borer attacks could result in the extinction of European ash trees.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
2015 Buffalo Bandits season
The Buffalo Bandits are a lacrosse team based in Buffalo, New York playing in the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The 2015 season was their 24th season in the NLL.

The Bandits finished the season with an 11–7 record, in a stacked East Division, where they finished in 3rd place. They faced their division rival Rochester in the Division Semifinal, where they lost on the road, 14–11.

2015 NLL season
The 2015 National Lacrosse League season, the 29th in the history of the NLL, began on January 2, 2015, and ended with Game 2 of the Champion's Cup Finals series on June 5, 2015. In the finals, the Edmonton Rush defeated the Toronto Rock two games to none to win their first-ever Champion's Cup.
Brian Wolfe
Brian Thomas Wolfe (born November 29, 1980) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays, and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters, Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks, and Saitama Seibu Lions.

Saitama Seibu Lions
The Saitama Seibu Lions (埼玉西武ライオンズ, Saitama Seibu Raionzu) are a professional baseball team in Japan's Pacific League based north of Tokyo in Tokorozawa, Saitama Prefecture. Before 1979, they were based in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, in Kyushu. The team is owned by a subsidiary of Seibu Railway, which in turn is owned by the Seibu Holdings. The team experienced a recent period of financial difficulty, but the situation brightened when the team received a record ¥6 billion (about $51.11 million) posting fee from the Boston Red Sox for the right to negotiate a contract with Daisuke Matsuzaka. Between 1978 and 2008, the team logo and mascot were based on the adult version of Kimba the White Lion, a classic Japanese anime and manga series by Osamu Tezuka. In 2004, former Seibu Lions player Kazuo Matsui became the first Japanese infielder to play in Major League Baseball.
2019 Men's EuroHockey Championship
The 2019 Men's EuroHockey Championship was the 17th edition of the EuroHockey Nations Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organised by the European Hockey Federation.

It was held alongside the women's tournament from 16 to 24 August 2019 in Antwerp, Belgium. The tournament also served as a direct qualifier for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, with the winner Belgium qualifying.

The hosts Belgium won their first-ever European title after beating Spain 5–0 in the final. The two-time defending champions the Netherlands won the bronze medal by defeating Germany 4–0.

Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics was the 24th edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held from 24 July to 5 August 2021. All games were played at the Oi Hockey Stadium in Tokyo, Japan.

It was originally scheduled to be held from 25 July to 6 August 2020, but on 24 March 2020, the Olympics were postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of this pandemic, the games were played behind closed doors.

Argentina won the previous olympic field hockey event but were eliminated in the quarterfinals. Belgium captured their first gold medal after defeating Australia in the final after penalties. India won their first hockey medal since 1980 Summer Olympics by defeating Germany in the bronze-medal match.

The medals for the competition were presented by Baron Pierre-Oliver Bekcers-Vieujant, Belgium; IOC Member, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Narinder Dhruv Batra, the FIH President.
Anna Green (footballer)
Anna Green (born 20 August 1990), is a former association footballer who played as a Defender. She has also played for Three Kings United (ASB League), Adelaide United and Lokomotive Leipzig (Bundesliga).

In January 2014 Green agreed a transfer to Notts County of the FA WSL. Under the terms of the deal she would join the English club after finishing the Australian season with Sydney FC and taking part in the Cyprus Cup. After seeing out her contract with Reading, Green decided to return to New Zealand and play part-time in the National Women's League while working as an accountant.

New Zealand Women's National League
The New Zealand Women's National League, known as the Dettol Women's National League for sponsorship reasons (and formerly the National Women's League), is the top-level professional  women's football (soccer) league in New Zealand. The teams were run by regional federations until 2021, when New Zealand Football started to move to club-based football.
Cobus Reinach
Jacobus Meyer Reinach (born 7 February 1990) is a South African professional rugby union player who plays for the URC side Stormers and South Africa national team. His playing position is scrum-half and he is the son of former Springbok winger Jaco Reinach. He was the member of the victorious Springbok team who won at the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan, Yokohama.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Gmina Dębica
Gmina Dębica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Dębica County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Dębica, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 137.62 square kilometres (53.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 23,953.

Dębica
Dębica ([dɛmˈbit͡sa] ⓘ; Yiddish: דעמביץ Dembitz) is a town in southeastern Poland with 44,692 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Dębica County. Since 1999 it has been situated in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship; it had previously been in the Tarnów Voivodeship (1975–1998). Dębica belongs to the historic province of Lesser Poland, and for centuries it was part of the Sandomierz Voivodeship.
Mollie Jenson
44°52′10.57″N 92°26′39.97″W﻿ / ﻿44.8696028°N 92.4444361°W﻿ / 44.8696028; -92.4444361

Mollie Jenson (1890-1973) was an American sculptor from River Falls, Wisconsin. She was the creator of a series of folk art sculptures known collectively as Mollie Jenson’s Art Exhibit (also known as Mollie Jenson’s Zoo & Museum). Her work is an example of outsider art and vernacular architecture.

River Falls, Wisconsin
River Falls is a city in Pierce and St. Croix counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is mostly within the town of River Falls, and adjacent to the town of Kinnickinnic in St. Croix County. River Falls is the most populous city in Pierce County. The population was 16,182 at the 2020 census, with 12,546 residing in Pierce County and 3,636 in St. Croix County. It is part of the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area and about 30 miles (48 km) east of the center of that region.

River Falls is the home of the University of Wisconsin–River Falls.
Volodymyr Zavadiuk
Volodymyr Yuriyovych Zavadiuk (Ukrainian: Володи́мир Ю́рійович Завадю́к, romanized: Volodymyr Yuriyovych Zavadiuk; born June 9, 1987) is a Ukrainian television producer and media executive and the head of Big Brave Events and the Big Entertainment Shows department at 1+1 Media.. Zavadiuk is best known for his work on several famous Ukrainian television programs, including The Voice of Ukraine, The Voice Kids (Ukrainian TV series), Dancing with the Stars, Lip Sync Battle (Ukrainian version). He has produced major national concert broadcasts, charity events, and international collaborations, including segments for Eurovision Song Contest 2023 and the Save Ukraine telethons.

In addition to his work as a producer, he is active in educational initiatives and known for his advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights in Ukraine.

Holos Dity
Holos. Dity (Ukrainian: Голос. Дiти; meaning The Voice Kids)  is a Ukrainian music talent show for children from 6 to 14 years, based on the concept of the show Голос країни. The first broadcast took place on the 1+1 network on November 4, 2012. The show's fifth season, premiered in May 2019 and concluded two months later.
University College Cork A.F.C.
University College Cork Association Football Club  is an Irish association football club based in Cork. It was founded in 1952 by students at University College Cork. Its senior men's team plays in the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division. They have also previously competed in the Collingwood, Crowley and Harding Cups, the FAI Intermediate Cup, and FAI Junior Cup. They have also played in the FAI Cup. As of 2023, UCC A.F.C. fields teams in the Munster Senior League, the Cork Athletic Union League, and the FAI College & Universities Football League.

Munster Senior League (association football)
The Munster Senior League (MSL) is an association football league organised by the Munster Football Association. The league consists of three senior divisions and is responsible for a further six divisions as well as various cup competitions. Its Senior Division lies at the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Munster Senior League teams also compete in the Munster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have qualified to play in the League of Ireland Cup.

Despite including the word 'Munster' and referencing senior football in its title, as of 2024, the league is considered to be at intermediate level with all participating clubs based solely in County Cork. However, in the past it has included clubs from County Limerick, County Waterford, County Kerry and County Tipperary.
Brighton, Wisconsin
Brighton is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:

Brighton, Kenosha County, Wisconsin, a town

Brighton (community), Kenosha County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

Brighton, Marathon County, Wisconsin, a town

Brighton, Kenosha County, Wisconsin
The Town of Brighton is a town located in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,422 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated communities of Brighton and Klondike are located within the town.
Matrix ring
In abstract algebra, a matrix ring is a set of matrices with entries in a ring R that form a ring under matrix addition and matrix multiplication. The set of all n × n matrices with entries in R is a matrix ring denoted Mn(R) (alternative notations: Matn(R) and Rn×n).  Some sets of infinite matrices form infinite matrix rings.  A subring of a matrix ring is again a matrix ring.  Over a rng, one can form matrix rngs.

When R is a commutative ring, the matrix ring Mn(R) is an associative algebra over R, and may be called a matrix algebra.  In this setting, if M is a matrix and r is in R, then the matrix rM is the matrix M with each of its entries multiplied by r.

Matrix multiplication
In mathematics, specifically in linear algebra, matrix multiplication is a binary operation that produces a matrix from two matrices. For matrix multiplication, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The resulting matrix, known as the matrix product, has the number of rows of the first and the number of columns of the second matrix. The product of matrices A and B is denoted as AB.

Matrix multiplication was first described by the French mathematician Jacques Philippe Marie Binet in 1812, to represent the composition of linear maps that are represented by matrices. Matrix multiplication is thus a basic tool of linear algebra, and as such has numerous applications in many areas of mathematics, as well as in applied mathematics, statistics, physics, economics, and engineering.
Computing matrix products is a central operation in all computational applications of linear algebra.
Okayama (dance)
Okayama (岡山) is a Japanese kōwaka-mai of the hōgan-mono genre (works about Minamoto no Yoshitsune) composed in the Muromachi period.

It tells the story of the bereaved relatives of Satō Tsugunobu and Satō Tadanobu, two of Yoshitsune's retainers. The text of the work has been connected to a passage in the Gikeiki, and it is a sequel to the kōwaka Yashima. The libretto survives in a single manuscript in the holdings of Tenri Central Library.

Kōwakamai
Kōwakamai (幸若舞) is a Japanese recitative dance, originating in the 15th century and popular during the Sengoku and early Edo periods (late 16th to early 17th centuries). Although kōwakamai has dance and musical components, scholars consider its textual component as an independent literary genre.

Kōwakamai may have evolved from the dance form called kusemai of the 14th century, sharing its origins in traditional court dance and music with nō and kabuki. Little is actually known about how the dance was performed in the warlord to shogunate periods. A remnant of the kōwakamai is performed every year on January 20 at Tenman-jinja, a shintō shrine in Ōe.
Carbonate-associated sulfate
Carbonate-associated sulfates (CAS) are sulfate species found in association with carbonate minerals, either as inclusions, adsorbed phases, or in distorted sites within the carbonate mineral lattice. It is derived primarily from dissolved sulfate in the solution from which the carbonate precipitates. In the ocean, the source of this sulfate is a combination of riverine and atmospheric inputs, as well as the products of marine hydrothermal reactions and biomass remineralisation. CAS is a common component of most carbonate rocks, having concentrations in the parts per thousand within biogenic carbonates and parts per million within abiogenic carbonates. Through its abundance and sulfur isotope composition, it provides a valuable record of the global sulfur cycle across time and space.

Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42−. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
Buckhurst Park, East Sussex
Buckhurst Park is an English country house and landscaped park in Withyham, East Sussex. It is the seat of William Sackville, 11th Earl De La Warr.

The house is a Grade II listed building, and is open to the public. The park, landscaped by Humphry Repton, is Grade II* listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. There are formal gardens which were laid out by Edwin Lutyens and planted by Gertrude Jekyll.

Gertrude Jekyll
Gertrude Jekyll VMH (/ˈdʒiːkəl/ JEE-kəl; 29 November 1843 – 8 December 1932) was a British horticulturist, garden designer, craftswoman, photographer, writer and artist.  She created over 400 gardens in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States, and wrote over 1000 articles for magazines such as Country Life and William Robinson's The Garden. Jekyll has been described as "a premier influence in garden design" by British and American gardening enthusiasts.
Pentney
Pentney is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, located about 8 miles (13 km) south east of King's Lynn, placing it about halfway between King's Lynn and Swaffham on the A47 road. It covers an area of 10.39 km2 (4.01 sq mi) and had a population of 387 in 184 households at the 2001 census, increasing to 544 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. It is in the valley of the River Nar, a tributary of the River Great Ouse.

The age of the village is unknown, but it dates at least to the 3rd or 4th centuries AD, from which time there is evidence of a Romano-British local pottery industry. A Roman road and settlement in Pentney ran close to the river Nar. The name suggests that Pentney was at one time an island: one theory for the etymology is Penta's / Penda's Island, from the Anglo-Saxon Pendan-ig, the ig being equivalent to Old Norse ey = island (Pentney is on drained waterlands).

King's Lynn
King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn and colloquially as Lynn, is a port and market town in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk in the county of Norfolk, England. It is 36 miles (58 km) north-east of Peterborough, 44 miles (71 km) north-north-east of Cambridge, 44 miles (71 km) west of Norwich, and about 5 miles (8 km) inland from The Wash estuary.
Land mines in the Falkland Islands
There were approximately 30,000 land mines laid in the British overseas territory of the Falkland Islands by Argentinian forces following their 1982 invasion. Some of the mines were cleared immediately following the successful British operation to retake the islands, but following a series of accidents, demining operations ceased. In the following years the minefields were fenced off and, with human access limited, became havens for Falklands flora and the native penguin population. The British government ratified the Ottawa Treaty in 1998 that required the removal of all mines within its territory. Demining operations, which had to be carried out by hand due to the climate and local condition, restarted in 2009. The last mines were cleared in November 2020.

1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands
Argentine forces invaded the Falkland Islands on 2 April 1982 in a military operation code-named Operation Rosario (Operación Rosario). The invasion served as a catalyst for the subsequent Falklands War. The Argentines mounted amphibious landings and the invasion ended with the surrender of Falkland Government House, due to the location of the fighting the invasion is occasionally known as the Battle of Government House.
Josué Sá
Josué Humberto Gonçalves Leal de Sá (born 17 June 1992) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a central defender for Liga Portugal 2 club Lusitânia.

He made over 150 Primeira Liga appearances for Vitória de Guimarães, Rio Ave and Gil Vicente. He also had spells in five foreign countries.

Sá represented Portugal at youth level.

Gil Vicente F.C.
Gil Vicente Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒil viˈsẽtɨ]), commonly known as Gil Vicente, founded in 1924, is a Portuguese professional football club that plays in Barcelos. It plays their home matches at the Estádio Cidade de Barcelos. It competes in the Primeira Liga, the top division of football in the country, and it is named after Portuguese playwright Gil Vicente.

The club's founding occurred near the city's theater named after playwright Vicente. It first played in Primeira Liga in 1990-91. Since then, the team has been relegated to the second tier three times, having won back promotion twice by winning the Segunda Liga and once by administrative decision. The highest league finishes were two fifth-places in 1999–2000 and 2021–22. A women's football team was created for the 2018-19 season. The team has participated in the top tier, and currently has played six straight seasons in it.
Hakodate City Central Library
Hakodate City Central Library (函館市中央図書館, Hakodate-shi Chūō Toshokan) is a public library in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, Japan. The library is known in particular for its important collection of northern materials and for its Takuboku Library (啄木文庫).

Takuboku Ishikawa
Takuboku Ishikawa (石川 啄木, Ishikawa Takuboku; Japanese pronunciation: [i.ɕi̥.ka.wa (|) ta.kɯ.bo.kɯ], February 20, 1886 – April 13, 1912) was a Japanese poet. Well known as both a tanka and "modern-style" (新体詩, shintaishi) or "free-style" (自由詩, jiyūshi) poet, he began as a member of the Myōjō group of naturalist poets but later joined the "socialistic" group of Japanese poets and renounced naturalism. He died of tuberculosis.
French cruiser Naïade
Naïade was an unprotected cruiser of the French Navy that was built in the late 1870s and early 1880s. The ship was laid down in 1878 and completed in 1883. Intended to serve as a long-range commerce raider, the ship was fitted with a sailing rig to supplement its steam engine on long voyages, and she carried an armament of four 165 mm (6.5 in) and twenty-two 140 mm (5.5 in) guns. She was among the final French unprotected cruisers, thereafter being replaced by more durable protected cruisers.

After entering service in 1883, Naïade was sent to French Madagascar to serve as the flagship of the squadron based there. She returned to France in 1886 and spent the next several years as a training ship. She visited the United States in 1893 before being placed in reserve in 1895. She remained out of service for the next four years, ultimately being struck from the naval register in 1899 and sold to ship breakers the following year.

Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.

Invented in 1781, this technique was first employed on a Cornish beam engine in 1804. Around 1850, compound engines were first introduced into Lancashire textile mills.