hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
WinBUGS
WinBUGS is statistical software for Bayesian analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.

It is based on the BUGS (Bayesian inference Using Gibbs Sampling) project started in 1989. It runs under Microsoft Windows, though it can also be run on Linux or Mac using Wine.

It was developed by the BUGS Project, a team of British researchers at the MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, and Imperial College School of Medicine, London. Originally intended to solve problems encountered in medical statistics, it soon became widely used in other disciplines, such as ecology, sociology, and geology.

The last version of WinBUGS was version 1.4.3, released in August 2007. Development is now focused on OpenBUGS, an open-source version of the package. WinBUGS 1.4.3 remains available as a stable version for routine use, but is no longer being developed.

Bayesian inference
Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence, and update it as more information becomes available. Fundamentally, Bayesian inference uses a prior distribution to estimate posterior probabilities. Bayesian inference is an important technique in statistics, and especially in mathematical statistics. Bayesian updating is particularly important in the dynamic analysis of a sequence of data. Bayesian inference has found application in a wide range of activities, including science, engineering, philosophy, medicine, sport, and law. In the philosophy of decision theory, Bayesian inference is closely related to subjective probability, often called "Bayesian probability".
Rowena Guanzon
Maria Rowena Amelia Villena Guanzon (Tagalog pronunciation: [rɔˈwena ˈgwanzon], born August 29, 1957), is a Filipina lawyer, public servant and politician who notably served as Philippine Commission on Elections commissioner from 2015 to 2022 under President Benigno Aquino III and President Rodrigo Duterte. She had been an audit commissioner before taking office at the Philippine Commission on Elections in February 2015.

Guanzon was mayor of Cadiz in Negros Occidental until 1992, and also served as chief of staff to Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago.

Guanzon is a prominent critic of the administration of President Bongbong Marcos.

Commission on Audit
The Commission on Audit (COA; Filipino: Komisyon sa Awdit) is an independent constitutional commission established by the Constitution of the Philippines. It has the primary function to examine, audit and settle all accounts and expenditures of the funds and properties of the Philippine government.

The Commission on Audit is a creation of the 1973 constitution. It was preceded by the Office of the Auditor in 1899, renamed as the Bureau of the Insular Auditor in 1900, then to the Bureau of Audits in 1905. The 1935 constitution created the General Auditing Office (GAO), and was led by the Auditor General. The 1973 constitution renamed the GAO to the Commission on Audit, a collegial body led by a chairman, with two commissioners. That setup was retained by the 1987 constitution.

The other two Constitutional Commissions are the Commission on Elections and Civil Service Commission.
St. Anthony of Padua Church (Bronx)
St. Anthony of Padua Church is a Catholic parish church in the Archdiocese of New York, located at 822 East 166th Street, Bronx, New York City in the neighborhood of Morrisania, near Prospect Avenue.

The present church was built through the concerted efforts of former pastor Joseph Rummel (1876-1964), who was elevated as Bishop of Omaha (1928-1935) and in that capacity consecrated the church.

Joseph Rummel
Joseph Francis Rummel (October 14, 1876 – November 8, 1964) was a German-born American Catholic prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Omaha in Nebraska from 1928 to 1935 and as archbishop of the Archdiocese of New Orleans in Louisiana from 1935 to 1964.

Rummel is best known for excommunicating several Catholics who vocally opposed his racial desegregation of parochial schools in the archdiocese.
Charles P. Steinmetz Memorial Lecture
The Charles Proteus Steinmetz Memorial Lecture is a series of academic lectures initiated in 1925 in honor of celebrated mathematician and electrical engineer Charles Proteus Steinmetz.  To date seventy four addresses have been given on subjects ranging from peace and educational reform to nanotechnology and solar photovoltaics.

The most recent, "The Evolution of the Smart Grid from Edison and Steinmetz", was delivered by Dr. Anjan Bose, Regents Professor at Washington State University, on October 2, 2018. It was hosted by Union College and is open to the general public.

Union College
Union College is a private liberal arts college in Schenectady, New York, United States. Founded in 1795, it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents, and second in the state of New York, after Columbia College. In the 19th century, it became known as the "Mother of Fraternities", because three of the earliest Greek-letter fraternities were established there. Union began enrolling women in 1970, after 175 years as an all-male institution. The college offers a liberal arts curriculum across 21 academic departments, including ABET-accredited engineering degree programs.
Keenan Isaac
Keenan Isaac (born February 17, 2000) is an American professional football cornerback for the Houston Gamblers of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the Alabama State Hornets and was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent in 2023.

Houston Gamblers (UFL)
The Houston Gamblers are a professional American football team based in Houston. The Gamblers compete in the United Football League (UFL). The team is owned and operated by Dwayne Johnson's Alpha Acquico and Fox Corporation.

The team was a founding member of the USFL, as the Houston Gamblers in 2022, named after the 1980s USFL team of the same name. Though named after the city of Houston, the 2020s Gamblers never played there under that brand, instead playing its home games as the guest of other USFL teams in Birmingham, Alabama in 2022 and Memphis, Tennessee in 2023. When the USFL and XFL merged to form the UFL in 2024, the Gamblers took over the branding of the original Houston Roughnecks that had played the 2023 season in the XFL and played in Houston at Rice Stadium. The team played at TDECU Stadium (the home of the 2020 and 2023 Roughnecks) during the 2025 season. The team returned to the Gamblers name ahead of the 2026 UFL season, coinciding with a move to Shell Energy Stadium.
Bust of General Mariano G. Vallejo (Vallejo)
The Bust of General Mariano G. Vallejo is a bronze monument at in Vallejo, California, located at Vallejo City Hall, honoring Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, a Californio general, statesman, and namesake of the city of Vallejo.

Vallejo City Hall
Two former city hall buildings in Vallejo, California are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Today the old city hall built in 1872 partially houses the Temple Art Lofts, a combination art gallery and apartment complex, and the 1927 city hall houses the Vallejo Naval and Historical Museum.
Moon dog
A moon dog (or moondog) or mock moon, also called a paraselene (plural paraselenae or paraselenes) in meteorology, is an atmospheric optical phenomenon that consists of a bright spot to one or both sides of the Moon. They are exactly analogous to sun dogs.

A member of the halo family, moon dogs are caused by the refraction of moonlight by hexagonal-plate-shaped ice crystals in cirrus clouds or cirrostratus clouds. They typically appear as a pair of faint patches of light, at around 22° to the left and right of the Moon, and at the same altitude above the horizon as the Moon. They may also appear alongside 22° halos.

Moon dogs are rarer than sun dogs because the Moon must be bright, about quarter moon or more, for the moon dogs to be observed. Moon dogs show little color to the unaided human eye because their light is not bright enough to activate the eye's cone cells.

Ice crystal
Ice crystals are solid water (known as ice) in symmetrical shapes including hexagonal columns, hexagonal plates, and dendritic crystals. Ice crystals are responsible for various atmospheric optical displays and cloud formations.
Peter Beyer (politician)
Peter Beyer (born 25 December 1970) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been a member of the German Bundestag since 2009.

In addition to his parliamentary work, Beyer served as the Coordinator of Transatlantic Cooperation at the Federal Foreign Office in the fourth coalition government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2018 to 2021.

Fourth Merkel cabinet
The Fourth Merkel cabinet (German: Kabinett Merkel IV) was the 23rd Government of the Federal Republic of Germany during the 19th legislative session of the Bundestag. It was sworn in on 14 March 2018 following the 2017 federal election and dismissed on 26 October 2021, acting in a caretaker mode until 8 December 2021. It was preceded by the third Merkel cabinet and succeeded by the Scholz cabinet. Led by Chancellor Angela Merkel, it was the third cabinet under Merkel to be supported by a coalition of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU), and the Social Democratic Party (SPD).
Liu Shengshu
Liu Shengshu (simplified Chinese: 刘圣书; traditional Chinese: 劉聖書; pinyin: Liú Shèngshū; born 8 April 2004) is a Chinese badminton player. She won the women's doubles silver medal at the 2024 Olympic Games and a gold medal at the 2025 Asian Championships. She also helped the national team win the 2023 Asia Mixed Team Championships and the 2024 Uber Cup. In her junior career, Liu won both the girls' and mixed doubles events at the 2022 World Junior Championships. Liu reached a career high of world number 1 in the BWF World Rankings on 22 October 2024 with her partner Tan Ning.

2023 Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships
The 2023 Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships was the third edition of the Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships, held at the Dubai Exhibition Centre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates from 14 to 19 February 2023. It was organised by Badminton Asia and United Arab Emirates Badminton Federation.
Katie-Rae Ebzery
Katie-Rae Ebzery (born 8 January 1990), also known as Katie Ebzery, is an Australian former professional basketball player who played 15 seasons in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). She was a three-time All-WNBL First Team member and a two-time Olympian with the Australian Opals.

All-WNBL Team
The All-WNBL Team is an annual Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) honour bestowed on the best performing players in the league following every WNBL season. From 1988 to 2018–19, the honour was known as the All-Star Five. As of 2020, it is awarded in two teams to the ten most outstanding players in the league.
Ruth Harris (historian)
Ruth Harris FBA (born 25 December 1958) is an American historian and academic. She has been Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford since 2011 and a senior research fellow at All Souls College, Oxford, since 2016. Previously, she was a junior research fellow at St John's College, Oxford, from 1983 to 1987, an associate professor at Smith College from 1987 to 1990, and a fellow of New College, Oxford, between 1990 and 2016. She was awarded the Wolfson History Prize in 2010 for her book The Man on Devil's Island, a biography on Alfred Dreyfus.

Research fellow
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.

Research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
Death by Numbers
Death by Numbers is a 2024 American short documentary film co-produced and directed by Kim A. Snyder. The film, in which Sam, a survivor of the 2018 Parkland school shooting, confronts her assailant in a poetic journey to empowerment and features extensive footage from the ensuing trial. It had its world premiere on October 5, 2024 at the Hamptons International Film Festival, and was later screened at the Woodstock Film Festival on October 19.

On January 23, 2025, it was nominated for the Best Documentary Short Film at the 97th Academy Awards.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Agnes of Poland
Agnes of Poland (Polish: Agnieszka Bolesławówna, Russian: Агнешка Болеславовна; b. c. 1137 - d. aft. 1182) was a member of the House of Piast and by marriage princess of Pereyaslavl and Volynia and grand princess of Kiev since 1168.

Principality of Pereyaslavl
The Principality of Pereyaslavl (Ukrainian: Переяславське князівство; Russian: Переяславское княжество) was a regional principality of Kievan Rus' from the end of 9th century until 1323, based in the city of Pereyaslavl (now Pereiaslav) on the river Trubizh.
Yvonne Jegede
Yvonne Jegede is a Nigerian actress, film producer, model, and television personality; notable for producing 3 is Company. She rose to prominence after she made a cameo appearance in the music video "African Queen" by 2Face Idibia alongside Annie Macaulay.

Nollywood
Nollywood, a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood, is a sobriquet that originally referred to the Nigerian film industry. The origin of the term goes back to the early 2000s, traced to an article in The New York Times. Due to the history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition for the term, which has made it a subject of several controversies.
TO-220
The TO-220 is a style of electronic package used for high-powered, through-hole components with 0.1 inches (2.54 mm) pin spacing. The "TO" designation stands for "transistor outline". TO-220 packages have three leads. Similar packages with two, four, five or seven leads are also manufactured. A notable characteristic is a metal tab with a hole, used to mount the case to a heatsink, allowing the component to dissipate more heat than one constructed in a TO-92 case. Common TO-220-packaged components include discrete semiconductors such as transistors and silicon-controlled rectifiers, as well as integrated circuits.

Power semiconductor device
A power semiconductor device is a semiconductor device used as a switch or rectifier in power electronics (for example in a switched-mode power supply). Such a device is also called a power device or, when used in an integrated circuit, a power IC.

A power semiconductor device is usually used in "commutation mode" (i.e., it is either on or off), and therefore has a design optimized for such usage; it should usually not be used in linear operation. Linear power circuits are widespread as voltage regulators, audio amplifiers, and radio frequency amplifiers.

Power semiconductors are found in systems delivering as little as a few tens of milliwatts for a headphone amplifier, up to around a gigawatt in a high-voltage direct current transmission line.
John J. Gosper
John Jay Gosper (April 8, 1842 – May 14, 1913) was an American politician and businessman who served as Secretary of State of Nebraska and Secretary of Arizona Territory. Much of his service in Arizona was spent as Acting Governor due to Governor John C. Frémont's virtual abandonment of his post.

Secretary of State of Nebraska
The secretary of state of Nebraska is one of the constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Nebraska. In Nebraska, the secretary of state is elected for a four-year term. Vacancies are filled by appointment by the governor of Nebraska.

The current officeholder is Bob Evnen, who took office in 2019.
New Zealand Warriors Women
The New Zealand Warriors Women are a professional rugby league football club based in Auckland, New Zealand that competes in the National Rugby League Women's (NRLW) premiership. The Warriors women’s team are coached by Ronald Griffiths. 
As with their men’s team, the Warriors women are based at Mount Smart Stadium in the Auckland suburb of Penrose.
The Warriors women’s team previously competed in the NRLW for three seasons: 2018, 2019, and 2020.

Mount Smart Stadium
Mount Smart Stadium, branded as Go Media Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose stadium in the suburb of Penrose, Auckland, New Zealand. It is the main home ground of the New Zealand Warriors of the National Rugby League and Auckland FC of the A-League Men, and occasionally hosts rugby union and international rugby league matches. Built within the quarried remnants of the Rarotonga / Mount Smart volcanic cone, it is located 10 kilometres south of the city centre, in the suburb of Penrose.
Command–query separation
Command-query separation (CQS) is a principle of imperative computer programming. It was devised by Bertrand Meyer as part of his pioneering work on the Eiffel programming language.

It states that every method should either be a command that performs an action, or a query that returns data to the caller, but not both. In other words, asking a question should not change the answer. More formally, methods should return a value only if they are referentially transparent and hence possess no side effects.

Bertrand Meyer
Bertrand Meyer (/ˈmaɪ.ər/; French: [mɛjɛʁ]; born 21 November 1950) is a French academic, author, and consultant in the field of programming languages. He created the Eiffel language and the concept of design by contract.
Michael O'Dea (Australian politician)
John Michael O'Dea AM, KCSG (born 11 November 1938) is an Australian solicitor and former local government politician who served as an alderman and mayor of the Municipality of North Sydney. O'Dea was a solicitor with Carroll & O’Dea Lawyers from 1960 and was a partner from 1963 until his retirement in 2006. He is the father of the Speaker of the NSW Legislative Assembly, Jonathan O'Dea.

Order of St. Gregory the Great
The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great (Latin: Ordo Sancti Gregorii Magni; Italian: Ordine di San Gregorio Magno) was established on 1 September 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election as Pope.

The order is one of the five orders of knighthood of the Holy See. The honor is bestowed upon Catholic men and women (and certain notable non-Catholics) in recognition of their personal service to the Holy See and to the Catholic Church, through their unusual labors, their support of the Holy See, and the examples they set in their communities and their countries.
Sufi Way
Poem of the Sufi Way, or Nazm al-suluk, is an Arabic poem by the Sufi mystic and scholar, Shayk Umar ibn al-Farid. An exact date of the poem's writing is unknown as Umar ibn al-Farid (1181–1235 ad) is said to have written this text during the course of many years. Widely remarked as Umar ibn al-Farid's most famous work, the poem itself is one of the longest pieces of Sufi literature to date, and is still held in high regard by modern Sufi practitioners. It is 760 verses long. It is often referred to as al-Ta'iyya al-kubra (the Greater Poem Rhyming in T) to differentiate it from a shorter ode that also rhymes in t. The title can also be translated to “the Poem of Progress”.

Ibn al-Farid
Ibn al-Farid or Ibn Farid; (Arabic: عمر بن علي بن الفارض, `Umar ibn `Alī ibn al-Fārid) (22 March 1181 – 1234) was an Arab poet as well as a Sufi waliullah. His name is Arabic for "son of the obligator" (the one who divides the inheritance between the inheritors), as his father was well regarded for his work in the legal sphere. He was born in Cairo to parents from Hama in modern Syria, lived for some time in Mecca, and died in Cairo. His poetry is entirely Sufic and he was esteemed as the greatest mystic poet of the Arabs. Some of his poems are said to have been written in ecstasies.

Ibn al-Fāriḍ was arguably the most celebrated Sufi poet in the pre-modern Islamic world, with his poetry admired across both Arabic and Persian speaking regions of the Islamicate. The Persian poet Jami is known to have written a commentary on Ibn al-Fāriḍ's poems, and Sa'id al-Din Farghani also authored a Persian commentary on his work
Myosotis concinna
Myosotis concinna is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are large, perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and yellow corollas.

Myosotis
Myosotis (/ˌmaɪəˈsoʊtɪs/ MY-ə-SOH-tiss) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae.  In the Northern Hemisphere, they are colloquially known as forget-me-nots or scorpion grasses. The forget-me-not is the official flower of Alaska and Dalsland, Sweden.

The name comes from the Ancient Greek μυοσωτίς "mouse's ear", which the foliage is thought to resemble. Plants of the genus are not to be confused with the related genus Myosotidium and its sole species Myosotidium hortensia found in the  Chatham Islands.
Jürgen Hinzpeter
Jürgen Hinzpeter (6 July 1937 – 25 January 2016) was a German journalist best known for his coverage of South Korean topics. Hinzpeter was a reporter for the ARD and the only journalist to film the massacres during the Gwangju Uprising in South Korea in 1980. He captured the events on camera, documenting the violence against civilians and the military crackdown in the city. His footage was sent to West Germany and broadcast internationally, exposing the South Korean regime under Chun Doo-hwan to global scrutiny.

His coverage helped draw pressure from the international community, contributing to the eventual push for democratization in South Korea, which culminated in 1987. Hinzpeter also reported on opposition politician Kim Dae-jung, who later became president of South Korea after winning the 1997 election. In Gwangju, a memorial honouring Hinzpeter has been erected by the May 18 Memorial Foundation.

May 18 Memorial Foundation
The May 18 Memorial Foundation (Korean: 5·18기념재단; Hanja: 5·18紀念財團) is a prominent organization based in the city of Gwangju, South Korea, with a view to commemorate and develop the spirit of struggle and solidarity of the Gwangju Uprising, also known as the May 18 Democratic Uprising and May 18 Gwangju Uprising. The organization was founded in 1994 by the May 18 victims, Gwangju citizens, overseas Koreans and Korean nationals, who believe in promoting the May 18 spirit to respect the sacrifice of the victims, strengthen democracy of modern Korea and to stand in solidarity with the democratic struggles in Asia and beyond.