hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ankit Tiwari
Ankit Tiwari is an Indian playback singer, live performer, music director, composer. His career began upon meeting Pradeep Sarkar where he got a chance to work on jingles and started composing background music for television programmes. Subsequently, he was offered to compose music for Do Dooni Chaar (2010) and Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster (2011), where he started his singing career with the song he composed for the latter.

In 2014, he collaborated with Mohit Suri for Ek Villain, where he composed and sang the song "Galliyan" for which he received two nominations in Filmfare Awards, winning Best Male Playback Singer, which is the only Filmfare Award won by someone other than Arijit Singh from 2014 to 2020. He also recorded the song "O Yara" for the Pakistani film, Bin Roye.

Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer
The Filmfare Best Male Playback Singer Award is given by Indian film magazine Filmfare as a part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to recognise a male playback singer who has delivered an outstanding performance in a film song.

Although the Filmfare Awards started in 1954, awards for the best playback singer category started in 1959. From inception of the category through 1967, both the female and male singers used to compete for a single award, after which separate categories were created for female and male singers respectively.
J. S. S. Martin
Major-General John Simson Stuart Martin CSI (18 June 1888 – 24 December 1973) was a Scottish doctor in the Indian Medical Service. He served during both World Wars.

Born in Stornoway, he was educated at Oban High School, Rockhampton Grammar School (Queensland) and the University of Edinburgh. He was commissioned into the Indian Medical Service in 1912. He served in Mesopotamia from November 1914 until April 1916, when he was taken prisoner by the Turks at the fall of Kut. He was mentioned in despatches in 1916. By the time of the start of the Second World War, he was a Colonel, and was further promoted to substantive Major-General on 6 March 1943, retiring on 6 March 1945.

He latterly lived at Glendale, on the Isle of Skye. He died at Gesto Hospital on the island.

His daughter Lorna is the wife of immunologist Avrion Mitchison.

Indian Medical Service
The Indian Medical Service (IMS) was a military medical service in British India, which also had some civilian functions. Originating during the East India Company's period of rule, it was organised into a single unified service in 1896, served during the two World Wars, and remained in existence until the independence of India in 1947.

Many of its officers, who were both British and Indian, served in civilian hospitals. Among its notable ranks, the IMS had Sir Ronald Ross, a Nobel Prize winner, Sir Benjamin Franklin, later honorary physician to three British monarchs and Henry Vandyke Carter, best known for his illustrations in the anatomy textbook Gray's Anatomy.
8-Phenyltheophylline
8-Phenyltheophylline (8-phenyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine, 8-PT) is a drug derived from the xanthine family which acts as a potent and selective antagonist for the adenosine receptors A1 and A2A, but unlike other xanthine derivatives has virtually no activity as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It has stimulant effects in animals with similar potency to caffeine. Coincidentally 8-phenyltheophylline has also been found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the liver enzyme CYP1A2 which makes it likely to cause interactions with other drugs which are normally metabolised by CYP1A2.

Xanthine
Xanthine (/ˈzænθiːn/ or /ˈzænθaɪn/, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós 'yellow' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. Several stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.

Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation.

It is created from guanine by guanine deaminase.

It is created from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase.

It is also created from xanthosine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme.
2011 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship
The São Tomé and Principe Championship 2011 was the 26th season of the São Tomé and Principe Championship the top-level football championship of São Tomé and Principe. It began on 16 April 2011 and concluded in November 2011. Sporting Clube do Príncipe club from Príncipe island are the defending champions.

Príncipe
Príncipe (/ˈprɪnsɪpə, -peɪ/; Portuguese: [ˈpɾĩsɨpɨ]) is the smaller, northern major island of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe lying off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. It has an area of 142 square kilometres (55 sq mi) (including offshore islets) and a population of 7,324 at the 2012 Census; the latest official estimate (at May 2018) was 8,420. The island is a heavily eroded volcano speculated to be over three million years old, surrounded by smaller islands including Ilheu Bom Bom, Ilhéu Caroço, Tinhosa Grande and Tinhosa Pequena. Part of the Cameroon Line archipelago, Príncipe rises in the south to 947 metres at Pico do Príncipe. The island is the main constituent of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe, established in 1995, and of the coterminous district of Pagué.
2013 American Le Mans Series VIR 240
The 2013 American Le Mans Series VIR 240 was a sports car race held at Virginia International Raceway in Alton, Virginia on October 5, 2013. The race was the ninth round of the 2013 American Le Mans Series.

2013 American Le Mans Series
The 2013 American Le Mans Series was the fifteenth and final season of the International Motor Sports Association GT Championship being labeled as the American Le Mans Series, before merging up with the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series in 2014.

As the IMSA and Grand-Am merger was announced on September 5, 2012, between NASCAR Holdings (Grand-Am's owner) and Panoz Motorsports, the 2013 season was the transition season as both series were now held under the NASCAR Holdings banner. As such, this is the 43rd season of the series dating back to the 1971 IMSA GT Championship.

It began on March 16 with the 61st running of the 12 Hours of Sebring and ended with the 16th running of the Petit Le Mans on October 19. At the seventh round in Baltimore, Muscle Milk Pickett Racing successfully defended their 2012 Prototype One championship.
National Highway 30 (India)
National Highway 30 (NH 30) is a primary national highway in India. NH 30 connects Sitarganj in Uttarakhand with Ibrahimpatnam, Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh. The total length of this highway is 1,984.3 km (1,233.0 mi). It starts at the junction of NH 9 at Sitarganj and ends at the junction of NH 65 at Ibrahimpatnam, Vijayawada. Development of Ibrahimpatnam-Jagadalpur Route is under process. Rajdeep Rohan joint venture is the contract agency for this project. Second bridge was completed on 17 April 2024  at pilgrimage city of Bhadrachalam which is famous for temple of Lord Shri Rama. NH-30 runs through the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in India.

National Highway 9 (India)
National Highway 9 (NH 9) is a National Highway in India in east-west direction. It starts at Fazilka in Punjab and ends at Gori Ganga Bridge at Askot in Pithoragarh (Kumaun) District of Uttarakhand in Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand. It passes through the states of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. After renumbering of all national highways by National Highway Authority of India in 2010, the current NH 9 was formed by merging segments of five separate national highways in 2010; these were Old NH 10 (Fazilka-Delhi section), Old NH 24 (Delhi-Rampur section),  Old NH 87 (Rampur-Rudrapur section), Old NH 74 (Rudrapur-Sitarganj-Khatima section) and Old NH 125 (Tanakpur-Pithoragarh section).
Joanne M. Holden
Joanne Merson Holden (September 5, 1946 – October 2, 2014) was an American nutritionist known for her food composition research. She served as head of the USDA Agricultural Research Service's Nutrient Data Laboratory and at the time of her death was ranked among the top 1% most cited researchers in agricultural science.

Institute for Scientific Information
The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) was an academic publishing service, founded by Eugene Garfield in Philadelphia in 1956. ISI offered scientometric and bibliographic database services. Its specialty was citation indexing and analysis, a field pioneered by Garfield.
Dositej II of Ohrid and Macedonia
Dositej II (Macedonian: Доситеј II; English: Dositheus II; 7 December 1906 – 20 May 1981) was the Metropolitan of Skopje, under the canonical jurisdiction of the Serbian Orthodox Church from 1959 to 1967, and uncanonically Archbishop of Ohrid and Macedonia (primate) of the Macedonian Orthodox Church until his death in 1981.

Metropolitanate of Skopje
The Metropolitanate of Skopje (Serbian: Митрополија скопска; Greek: Μητρόπολις Σκόπιάς) was an Eastern Orthodox eparchy, under the jurisdiction of the Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric, an autonomous and canonical branch of the Serbian Orthodox Church in North Macedonia. Its seat was in Skopje. It was a metropolitan diocese of the Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric, headed by Archbishop Jovan (Vraniškovski) of Ohrid, who was also styled Metropolitan of Skopje. In 2022, the dispute between the Serbian and Macedonian churches was resolved. The whole Ohrid Archbishopric was abolished in 2023 and merged in the Macedonian Orthodox Church.
Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur
Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur, or Sunan Sa'id bin Mansur or Sunan Sayeed bin Mansur (Arabic: سنن سعيد ابن منصور), is one of the Hadith book compiled in third century of the Muslim calendar. It was written by Imam Sa'id ibn Mansur (died in 227 AH).

Sunan al-Tirmidhi
Sunan al-Tirmidhi (Arabic: سنن الترمذي, romanized: Sunan al-Tirmidhī) is the fourth hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. It was compiled by Islamic scholar al-Tirmidhi in c. 864–884 (250–270 AH).
First government of José Canalejas
The first government of José Canalejas was formed on 9 February 1910, following the latter's appointment as prime minister of Spain by King Alfonso XIII and his swearing-in that same day, as a result of Segismundo Moret's dismissal from the post on 9 February over party discontent with the latter's alliance strategy with republican parties. It succeeded the third Moret government and was the government of Spain from 9 February 1910 to 2 January 1911, a total of 327 days, or 10 months and 24 days.

The cabinet comprised members of the Monarchist Democratic Party—which merged into the Liberal Party on 10 June 1910, with Canalejas becoming its leader on 20 July—and one military officer. It resigned on 1 January 1911 as a consequence of Canalejas's decision to raise a matter of confidence to the King and seek a cabinet reshuffle, following what he saw as the fulfillment of the first stage of his premiership, serving until the next government was sworn in.

Liberal Party (Spain, 1880)
The Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal), originally called Liberal Fusionist Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal-Fusionista, PLF) until 1885, was a Spanish political party created in 1880 by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta. With the Conservative Party of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, it formed a two-party system of alternating governments, the turno, which characterised the Spanish Restoration during the late 19th century and the early 20th century.
Giovanna Bruna Baldacci
Giovanna Bruna Baldacci (19 November 1886 – ? after 1910) was an Italian composer, pianist and poet. She studied piano and composition at the Istituto Musicale in Florence with Francesco Cilea and Moretti. After completing her studies, Baldacci worked as a concert pianist in Italy and Switzerland. She also taught choral singing and contributed articles to professional journals. In 1910 she won first prize for composition in an Italian Lyceum competition, for her work Madrigale.

Francesco Cilea
Francesco Cilea (Italian pronunciation: [franˈtʃesko tʃiˈlɛːa]; 23 July 1866 – 20 November 1950) was an Italian composer. Today he is particularly known for his operas L'arlesiana and Adriana Lecouvreur.
New York State Route 271
New York State Route 271 (NY 271) is a 3.21-mile (5.17 km) north–south state highway in eastern Niagara County, New York, in the United States. It primarily serves as Middleport's Main Street, connecting NY 31 in the south to NY 104 in the north. The southernmost portion of NY 271 is concurrent with NY 31E. At State Street, NY 31E splits off to follow the Erie Canal while NY 271 continues north on Main Street. North of Middleport, NY 271 traverses an area of the county dominated by farmland. NY 271 originally extended as far south as NY 93 when it was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York; however, it was truncated to Middleport in the early 1940s.

1930 state highway renumbering (New York)
In January 1930, the U.S. state of New York implemented a major renumbering of its state highways. Many previously existing numbered routes were renumbered or realigned. At the same time, many state highways that were previously unnumbered received designations. Most of the highways with numbers in the 100s to 300s were assigned at this time.  Route numbers were assigned in clusters based on their general location.  Because some of these route numbers are no longer in use, the pattern of clusters is not fully apparent today.

Before 1930, the route numbering system in place had its origins in the 1920s. At the time, New York only assigned numbers to a small subset of its state highways.  Route numbers spanned from 1–80, with routes running primarily north–south having even numbers and routes generally running east–west having odd numbers. This scheme was abandoned with the advent of the U.S. Highway System in 1927. Some renumbering was done in 1927 to avoid overlapping route numbers.
Bison and Coyote armoured vehicles
The LAV II Bison and Coyote are armoured cars, or armoured personnel carriers built by General Dynamics Land Systems Canada for the Canadian Armed Forces.
Bison vehicles have been used to a lesser extent by the Australian Army and the US National Guard.

Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world.

According to the definition in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, an APC is "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped to transport a combat infantry squad and which, as a rule, is armed with an integral or organic weapon of less than 20 millimetres calibre." Compared to infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), which are also used to carry infantry into battle, APCs have less armament and are not designed to provide direct fire support in battle. Infantry units that travel in APCs are known as mechanized infantry. Some militaries also make a distinction between infantry units that use APCs and infantry units that use IFVs, with the latter being known as armoured infantry.
30th Alaska State Legislature
The 30th Alaska State Legislature was the meeting of the Alaska Legislature, beginning January 17, 2017.

In the Senate and House elections, neither party gained a seat in the Senate and, leaving a 14–6 majority and maintaining its 35–25 control of the House.

2016 Alaska Senate election
The 2016 Alaska Senate election were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, with the primary election on August 16, 2016. Voters in the 10 districts of the Alaska Senate elected their representatives. The elections coincided with the elections for other offices, including for U.S. President and the state assembly.

In Alaska, congressional and state-level elections use a top-four primary system. This means all candidates compete in one primary election, and the four who receive the most votes — no matter their political party — move on to the general election.
The Enemy (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"The Enemy" is the seventh episode of the third season of the syndicated American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 55th episode overall, first broadcast on November 6, 1989.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D.  In this episode, Lt. Cdr. Geordi La Forge (LeVar Burton) is trapped on an inhospitable planet hazardous to human life with a Romulan. The two adversaries must work together if they wish to survive. Aboard the Enterprise, Lt. Worf (Michael Dorn) is faced with a conflict between his duty as a Starfleet officer and his Klingon prejudice against Romulans, and Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) must contend with a Romulan warbird intent on recovering their own personnel.

Jean-Luc Picard
Captain Jean-Luc Picard is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise, most often seen as the commanding officer of the Federation starship USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D). Played by Patrick Stewart, Picard has appeared in the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation (TNG) and the premiere episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, as well as the feature films Star Trek Generations (1994), Star Trek: First Contact (1996), Star Trek: Insurrection (1998), and Star Trek: Nemesis (2002). He is also featured as the central character in the show Star Trek: Picard (2020–2023).
Kevin F. O'Brien
Kevin Fleming O'Brien, SJ (born October 8, 1966) is an American Jesuit priest, theologian, educator, and former president of Santa Clara University from 2019 to 2021. He previously served as the dean of SCU's Jesuit School of Theology and as Vice President for Mission and Ministry at Georgetown University.

O'Brien was placed on indefinite leave from SCU on March 18, 2021, after unspecified allegations in adult settings were shared with the University Board of Trustees. On May 10, 2021, the board accepted his resignation.

Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University
The Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University is a Jesuit seminary within Santa Clara University and one of the member colleges of the Graduate Theological Union (GTU) in Berkeley, California. Prior to its merger with Santa Clara University it was known as the Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley (JSTB).
Um Sereyroth
Um Sereyroth (Khmer: អ៊ុំ សេរីរត្ន័ born 25 September 1997) is a Cambodian footballer who plays for Royal Cambodian Armed Forces in the Cambodian Premier League and also Cambodia national football team. His older brother Um Vichet is also a footballer who also plays as a goalkeeper.

National Defense Ministry FC
Royal Cambodian Armed Forces Football Club (Khmer: ក្លឹបបាល់ទាត់កងយោធពលខេមរភូមិន្ទ), also referred to as RCAF FC , is a professional football club based in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The club represents the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces and competes in the Cambodian Premier League, the top tier of Cambodian football.
Katholikon of the Antoniev Monastery
The Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos is a katholikon (main church) completed in 1122 in the Monastery of St. Antony, Veliky Novgorod. Dedicated to the Nativity of the Theotokos, it is one of the few buildings surviving in Russia from the early 12th century.

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Wilmington and Western 98
Wilmington and Western 98 is a preserved 4-4-0 "American" type steam locomotive, built in January 1909 by the American Locomotive Company's (ALCO) Schenectady Works in Schenectady, New York, for the Mississippi Central (MSCI). It is preserved and operated by the Wilmington and Western Railroad (WWRC).

Schenectady Locomotive Works
The Schenectady Locomotive Works was a factory in Schenectady, New York, that manufactured railroad locomotives from its founding in 1848 through its merger into American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in 1901.

After the 1901 merger, ALCO made the Schenectady plant its headquarters.

One of the better-known locomotives to come out of the Schenectady shops was Central Pacific Railroad type 4-4-0 No. 60, the Jupiter (built in September 1868), one of two steam locomotives to take part in the "Golden Spike Ceremony" to celebrate the completion of the First transcontinental railroad. Although the original was scrapped in 1909, a full-scale, operating replica was completed in 1979, and now is part of an operational display at the Golden Spike National Historical Park.
Petrocalcic horizon
A petrocalcic horizon is a diagnostic horizon in the USDA soil taxonomy (ST) and in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). They are formed when secondary calcium carbonate or other carbonates accumulate in the subsoil to the extent that the soil becomes cemented into a hardpan. Petrocalcic horizons are similar to a duripan (ST – WRB: petroduric horizon) and a petrogypsic horizon (WRB) in how they affect land-use limitations. They can occur in conjunction with duripans where the conditions are right and there are enough free carbonates in the soil. Calcium carbonates are found in alkaline soils, which are typical of arid and semiarid climates. A common field test for the presence of carbonates is application of hydrochloric acid to the soil, which indicates by fizzing and bubbling the presence of calcium carbonates.

USDA soil taxonomy
USDA soil taxonomy (ST) developed by the United States Department of Agriculture and the National Cooperative Soil Survey provides an elaborate classification of soil types according to several parameters (most commonly their properties) and in several levels: Order, Suborder, Great Group, Subgroup, Family, and Series.  The classification was originally developed by Guy Donald Smith, former director of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's soil survey investigations.
Comparison of birth control methods
There are many methods of birth control (or contraception) that vary in requirements, side effects, and effectiveness. As the technology, education, and awareness about contraception has evolved, new contraception methods have been theorized and put in application. Although no method of birth control is ideal for every user, some methods remain more effective, affordable or intrusive than others. Outlined here are the different types of barrier methods, hormonal methods, various methods including spermicides, emergency contraceptives, and surgical methods and a comparison between them.

While many methods may prevent conception, only male and female condoms are effective in preventing sexually transmitted infections.

Female condom
A female condom (also known as an internal condom) is a barrier device that is used during sexual intercourse as a barrier contraceptive to reduce the probability of pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is inserted in the vagina or anus before intercourse to reduce the risk of exposure to semen or other body fluids.  The female condom was invented in 1990 by Danish physician Lasse Hessel, and approved for sale in the United States by the FDA in 1993. It was developed as an alternative to the older external condom, which is placed on the penis.