hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ingrid Stahmer
Ingrid Stahmer (born Ingrid Ulrici: 16 September 1942 – 30 August 2020) was a German politician (SPD). She briefly served as vice mayor of Berlin.

In 1997, as the popular Berlin senator (councillor) responsible for schools, youth and sport she found herself defending the government's contentious spelling reforms to the press. Two years later she withdrew from politics and embarked on a career as an "organisation and process consultant" also identified as a "group dynamicist" ("Gruppendynamikerin").

Group dynamics
Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (intergroup dynamics). The study of group dynamics can be useful in understanding decision-making behavior, tracking the spread of diseases in society, creating effective therapy techniques, and following the emergence and popularity of new ideas and technologies. These applications of the field are studied in psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, epidemiology, education, social work, leadership studies, business and managerial studies, as well as communication studies.
Springfield Union Station (Massachusetts)
Springfield Union Station is a train and bus station in the Metro Center area of Springfield, Massachusetts. Constructed in 1926, Springfield Union Station is the fifth-busiest Amtrak station in Massachusetts, and the busiest outside of Greater Boston.

A large-scale $94 million renovation project restored the former station building, and it reopened in late June 2017 as a regional intermodal transit hub. It not only features Amtrak service but also serves as the hub for the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA), along with Peter Pan Bus Lines, Greyhound Lines, and the CTrail Hartford Line commuter rail. PVTA and intercity bus services began using the renovated station in 2017, and the Hartford Line opened in June 2018. Amtrak moved from a 1994-built structure to the renovated station in June 2019.

Pioneer Valley Transit Authority
The Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA) oversees and coordinates public transportation in the Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts, offering fixed-route bus service, paratransit service, and senior van service. PVTA was created by Chapter 161B of the Massachusetts General Laws in 1974. Based in Springfield, Massachusetts, PVTA serves Hampden and Hampshire counties, and provides connecting service to CTtransit in Hartford County, Connecticut, to FRTA in Franklin County, and to WRTA in Worcester County. It is the largest regional transit authority, and second largest public transit system in Massachusetts after the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority, providing service to over 11 million riders annually across 24 municipalities in the region, with about 70% of all riders using the system as their primary mode of transit.
Spaceland
Spaceland was an alternative rock/indie rock nightclub in the Silver Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, that existed between 1995 and 2011. The club was formerly a popular disco to young locals called Dreams of LA. Spaceland's owner announced the end of the venue in late 2010, with the space continuing to operate under the new name The Satellite.

Silver Lake, Los Angeles
Silver Lake is a residential and commercial neighborhood in the east-central region of Los Angeles, California, United States, originally home to a small community called Ivanhoe, so named in honor of the 1819 novel by Walter Scott. In 1907, the Los Angeles Water Department built the Silver Lake Reservoir, named for LA Water Commissioner Herman Silver, giving the neighborhood its name. The area is now known for its architecturally significant homes, independently owned businesses, diverse restaurants, painted staircases, and creative environment.
Alexander Hall of the Winter Palace
The Alexander Hall of the Winter Palace, St Petersburg, was created following the fire of 1837 by Alexander Briullov. The room commemorates the reign of Emperor Alexander I and the Napoleonic Wars.

Decorated in an unusual Gothicised version of classicism, the walls contain twenty-four medallions commemorating Russia's victory over the French, created by the sculptor Count Fyodor Tolstoy.

Alexander Brullov
Alexander Pavlovich Brullov, sometimes Brulloff (Brulleau until 1822; Russian: Александр Павлович Брюллов, romanized: Aleksandr Pavlovich Bryullov; 29 November 1798 – 9 January 1877), was a Russian artist associated with Russian Neoclassicism.
Erica Ehm
Erica Miechowsky (born September 30, 1961), known professionally as Erica Ehm, is a Canadian writer, actor, songwriter, entrepreneur and TV host. She is best known as a pioneering video jockey at the Canadian cable television station MuchMusic.

Video jockey
A video jockey (abbreviated VJ or sometimes veejay) is an announcer or host who introduces music videos and live performances on commercial music television channels such as MTV, VH1, MuchMusic and Channel V.
Lesotho–United Kingdom relations
Lesotho–United Kingdom relations are the bilateral and foreign relations between the Kingdom of Lesotho and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Upon Lesotho's independence, the two countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1960.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.  Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.

Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement
The Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement (SACUM–UK EPA) is a plurilateral free trade agreement between the United Kingdom and the Southern Africa Customs Union, and Mozambique, designed to promote trade, investment, and sustainable development. It largely replicates the existing European Union–Southern African Development Community Economic Partnership Agreement framework, maintaining preferential trade access. The agreement is part of the UK's strategy to maintain and enhance trade relationships with developing countries following its departure from the European Union.
PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa
PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa sp. z o.o. is a company in the PKP Group which manages and operates in Poland the Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa (Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line), which runs for 394.65 km (245.22 mi) from the Polish-Ukrainian border in Izow-Hrubieszów to Sławków Południowy (near Katowice).

The company was established on 1 December 2000 as part of the break-up of the once-unitary Polish State Railways JSC, and began operations on 1 July 2001. As of 2019, the company transported about 10 million tonnes of freight annually. The company owns 77 diesel locomotives (mainline and  shunters), 95 wagons, 50 broad gauge bogies, and 168 standard gauge bogies.

PKP Group
The PKP Group (Polish: Grupa PKP) is a Polish corporate group founded in 2001, from the former state enterprise, Polish State Railways. The purpose of this change was to separate infrastructure management and transport operations.

It consists of the following companies, of which PKP S.A. has the dominant position:

PKP Group has sold PKP Energetyka, an electricity supplier and most of the shares in PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe, an infrastructure manager.
Sufi Muhammad Sarwar
Sufi Muhammad Sarwar ((Urdu: مولانا صوفی محمد سرور) 7 December 1933 – 15 May 2018) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar, author and Sheikh al-Hadith at Jamia Ashrafia. He studied at Jamia Khair al-Madaris and Jamia Ashrafia.

Jamia Khairul Madaris
Jamia Khairul Madaris (Urdu: جامعہ خیرالمدارس) is an Islamic seminary located in the Pakistani city of Multan. Originally established in Jalandhar on 9 March 1931, the seminary moved to its current location in Multan on 8 October 1947.
Aleksandr Volkov (volleyball)
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov (Russian: Александр Александрович Волков; born 14 February 1985) is a former Russian volleyball player, a member of Russia men's national volleyball team. He was 2012 Olympic Champion, bronze medalist of the 2008 Olympic Games, gold medalist of the 2011 World Cup, silver medalist of the 2007 European Championship, multimedalist of the World League. Recently he is a head coach of Belogorie.

2011 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup
The 2011 FIVB Men's World Cup was held from 20 November to 4 December 2011 in Japan. The tournament was the first step in the qualification process for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, England, United Kingdom. The top three teams qualified for the Olympics, and joined Great Britain as they had already secured a berth as the host country.
Maya (treasurer)
Maya was an important figure during the reign of Pharaohs Tutankhamun, Ay and Horemheb of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. Maya's titles include: Fan-bearer on the Right Side of the King, Overseer of the treasuries, chief of the works in the necropolis, and leader of the festival of Amun in Karnak.

Overseer of the treasuries
The overseer of the treasuries (alternative translation: overseer of the two treasuries; imy-r prwy ḥḏ) was a title and important role in the ancient Egyptian court of the Old and New Kingdom. The title is also attested in the Late Period.

The title is first attested in the Fourth Dynasty. The title fell out of use in the Middle Kingdom but reappeared by the New Kingdom, and it became one of the more important roles in the affairs of the royal court. The treasury was the place in the royal palace where precious materials were stored, such as metal objects, but also linen. Therefore, the overseer of the treasuries was responsible for administrating the resources of the country.

The writing of the title varies between ""overseer of the treasury" (imy-r pr ḥḏ) and "overseer of the two treasuries" (imy-r prwy ḥḏ). It is not always clear whether this relates to different functions.
Karen DeSanto
Karen Cecile DeSanto (née Rylander; born July 3, 1964) is an American educator, Democratic politician, and former entertainer from Baraboo, Wisconsin.  She is a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Wisconsin's 40th Assembly district since 2025.  Earlier in her career, she performed with her former husband, Greg DeSanto, as professional circus clowns in a husband-and-wife act.

Wisconsin's 40th Assembly district
The 40th Assembly district of Wisconsin is one of 99 districts in the Wisconsin State Assembly.  Located in central Wisconsin, the district comprises parts of northern Columbia County and eastern and southern Sauk County.  It includes the cities of Baraboo, Portage, Prairie du Sac, and Sauk City, and the villages of Merrimac, Pardeeville, Plain, Spring Green, and West Baraboo.  The district also contains Devil's Lake State Park and Natural Bridge State Park.  The district is represented by Democrat Karen DeSanto, since January 2025.

The 40th Assembly district is located within Wisconsin's 14th Senate district, along with the 41st and 42nd Assembly districts.

Baraboo, Wisconsin

Natural Bridge State Park

Devil's Lake State Park

Aerial view of Portage
Panthulamma
Pantulamma is a 1978 Indian Telugu-language drama film co-written and directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao. The film won four Nandi Awards & one Filmfare Award. The song Sirimalle Neeve was borrowed from music director's own composition Baanallu Neene Bhuviyallu Neene from the 1976 Kannada movie Bayalu Daari.

Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by Filmfare magazine of The Times Group. When it was introduced in 1954, the Filmfare Awards initially only recognized achievements in the Hindi cinema. In 1964 the awards were extended to Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi languages for the films released in 1963. The awards were extended to Malayalam cinema in 1967 and Kannada cinema in 1970.

Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad. Before 1976, the ceremony was held in Mumbai along with Hindi segment. From 1976, the southern region segment were separated from awards for Hindi-language films and moved to Chennai first, and later to Hyderabad in 1997. The event made its debut in Bengaluru and Kochi in 2022 and 2026 respectively.
Water Witch (1835 steamer)
Water Witch (or Waterwitch) was an early British wood-hulled paddle steamer, built in 1835 at Harwich, England for steam packet services from Dover to London and to Boulogne. A successful fast ship, she was later operated on services on the South Coast of England and in the Bristol Channel

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
2002 PDC World Darts Championship
The 2002 PDC World Darts Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2002 Skol World Darts Championship)was a professional darts tournament held from 28 December 2001 to 5 January 2002 at the Circus Tavern in Purfleet, Essex. It was the ninth staging of the competition beginning with the 1994 edition and the ninth time it was held at the Circus Tavern. The competition was the first of 30 Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) tournaments in the 2002 season.

Nine-time world champion Phil Taylor whitewashed second-time finalist Peter Manley 7–0 in the final. It was a rematch of the final of the 1999 PDC World Championship, which Taylor also won. Taylor won his eighth consecutive world championship and tenth overall. He defeated Paul Williams, Shayne Burgess, the 2001 tournament runner-up John Part, and Dave Askew on his way to the final. Taylor also achieved a 167 checkout, the highest of the competition, in his second round match against Burgess.

Purfleet
Purfleet-on-Thames is a town in the Thurrock unitary authority, Essex, England.

It is bordered by the A13 road to the north and the River Thames to the south and is within the easternmost part of the M25 motorway but just outside the Greater London boundary. It was within the traditional Church of England parish of West Thurrock. Some industry is located to the south and the area forms part of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area. Purfleet is one of seven conservation areas in Thurrock.
Reem Maged
Reem Maged (Arabic: ريم ماجد فوزى السيد أبو زيد [ˈriːm ˈmaːɡid]; born 1 January 1974) is an Egyptian journalist and former host of the popular Baladna bel Masry talk show on Egyptian ONTV. Maged's popularity and renown have dramatically increased due to her critical coverage of political events since the 2011 Egyptian revolution, as well as her hosting of individuals on her show that are critical of the military Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, or SCAF, that has ruled Egypt since the resignation of Hosni Mubarak. She has been described as "Egypt’s best and arguably most vocal [female voice] in delivering the true happenings to the country on a nightly basis." Maged stopped presenting the show in 2013 and in 2014 joined a hunger strike campaign in solidarity with political prisoners.

Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF; Arabic: المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة, al-Maǧlis al-ʾAʿlā lil-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa, also Higher Council of the Armed Forces) is a statutory body of between 20 and 25 senior officers of the Egyptian Armed Forces, and is headed by President Abdel Fattah еl-Sisi and Lieutenant General Abdel Mageed Saqr. The council is convened only in cases of war or great internal emergencies.

As a consequence of the 2011 Egyptian revolution, the SCAF assumed power to govern Egypt from departing President Hosni Mubarak on 11 February 2011, and relinquished power on 30 June 2012 on the inauguration of Mohamed Morsi as president.
2025 Pennsylvania Senate District 36 special election
A special election to determine the member of the Pennsylvania Senate for its 36th district was held on March 25, 2025. The election filled a vacancy caused by the resignation of Republican senator Ryan Aument on December 31, 2024. Prior to the special election, Republicans held a 27–22 advantage in the chamber. Democrat James Andrew Malone flipped the seat in what was considered a major upset, as Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump won the 36th district by 15 points in 2024.

Pennsylvania Senate, District 36
Pennsylvania State Senate District 36 includes part of Lancaster County. The seat was vacant since the resignation of Republican Ryan Aument in December 2024. A special election for the seat took place on March 25, 2025, and was won by Democrat James Malone, who currently represents the district.
Ahluwalia (misl)
Ahluwalia (also transliterated as Ahluvalia) was a misl, that is, a sovereign state in the Sikh Confederacy of Punjab region in present-day India and Pakistan. The misl's name is derived from Ahlu, the ancestral village of the misl leaders. The Ahluwalia misl was one of the 12 major Sikh misls, and held land to the north of Sutlej river.

Sikh Confederacy
The Sikh Confederacy was a confederation of twelve sovereign Sikh states (each known as a Misl, derived from the Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal'; sometimes spelt as Misal) which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.
Adrianna Sułek-Schubert
Adrianna Sułek-Schubert (pronounced: [adrˈjan.na ˈsu.wɛk]; born 3 April 1999) is a Polish athlete competing in the combined events. She won the silver medal in the pentathlon at the 2022 World Indoor Championships. Sułek placed fourth in the heptathlon at the 2022 World Championships, and won the silver medal at the 2022 European Championships and 2023 European Indoor Championships. She is also a two-time Olympian and competed at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics.

Sułek was the heptathlon 2018 World Under-20 Championships bronze medallist and the 2021 European U23 champion. She is the Polish record holder for both the heptathlon and pentathlon, and has won seven individual national titles.

2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships
The 18th World Athletics Indoor Championships were held from 18 to 20 March 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia.

Ethiopia headed the medal table, with 4 gold medals. United States won the most medals, with 19, as well as getting the second highest number of golds, with 3.
Counter-battery fire
Counter-battery fire (sometimes called counter-fire) is a battlefield tactic employed to defeat the enemy's indirect fire elements (multiple rocket launchers, artillery and mortars), including their target acquisition, as well as their command and control components. Counter-battery arrangements and responsibilities vary between nations but involve target acquisition, planning and control, and counter-fire.  Counter-battery fire rose to prominence in World War I.

Counter-battery radar detects incoming indirect fire and calculates its point of origin. That location data can be sent by a communications link to friendly forces, who can then fire on the enemy positions, hopefully before they can reposition (the "scoot" part of shoot-and-scoot tactics). Counter-RAM systems track incoming rocket, artillery, and mortar fire and attempt to intercept and destroy the projectiles or provide early warning to the target area.

C-RAM
Counter rocket, artillery, and mortar, abbreviated C-RAM or counter-RAM, is a set of systems used to detect and/or destroy incoming rockets, artillery, and mortars before they hit their targets, or provide early warning.
Rebecca Zhu
Rebecca Zhu (Chinese: 朱晨麗; born 2 December 1987) is a Hong Kong actress and a beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Hong Kong 2011. As a result of her pageant win, Zhu was offered a starring role in the 2012 TVB television drama Silver Spoon, Sterling Shackles, which was also her acting debut.

Miss Hong Kong Pageant
Miss Hong Kong Pageant (Chinese: 香港小姐競選), or Miss HK (港姐) for short, is an annual Hong Kong-based beauty pageant organised by local Hong Kong television station, TVB. The pageant was established in 1946, and acquired by TVB in 1973. It is one of the oldest pageants in the world. The reigning Miss Hong Kong is Stacey Chan, winner of the 2025 pageant.
Panchina d'Oro
Panchina d'Oro (English: Golden Bench) is a yearly award given to the best Italian association football coaches of the Serie A. The Golden Bench is also awarded to the best men's Serie C and women's Serie A coaches as well as the best coaches in men's Italian futsal. The Panchina d'Argento (English: Silver Bench) is awarded to the best Serie B and women's Serie B coach as well as the best coaches in women's Italian futsal.

Serie C
The Serie C (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈtʃi]), officially known as Serie C Sky Wifi for sponsorship purposes, is the third-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie B and Serie A. The Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico (Lega Pro) is the governing body that operates the Serie C.

The unification of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione and the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione as Lega Pro Divisione Unica (often also abbreviated as Lega Pro) in 2014 reintroduced the format of the original Serie C that existed between 1935 and 1978 (before the split into Serie C1 and Serie C2). In May 2017, the Lega Pro assembly unanimously approved renaming the competition to its original name, Serie C.
Richie Narvaez
Richie Narvaez (born 1965) is an American author and professor. In 2020, he won an Agatha Award and an Anthony Award for his novel Holly Hernandez and the Death of Disco. His work focuses on the Puerto Rican and Nuyorican experience.

Anthony Awards
The Anthony Awards are literary awards for mystery writers presented at the Bouchercon World Mystery Convention since 1986. The awards are named for Anthony Boucher (1911–1968), one of the founders of the Mystery Writers of America.