hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of the Qing dynasty
The flag of the Qing dynasty was an emblem adopted in 1889 featuring the Azure Dragon on a plain yellow field with the red flaming pearl in the upper left corner. It became the first national flag of China and is usually referred to as the "Yellow Dragon Flag" (traditional Chinese: 黃龍旗; simplified Chinese: 黄龙旗; pinyin: huánglóngqí).

Ruling China from 1644 until the overthrow of the monarchy during the Xinhai Revolution, the Qing dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history. Between 1862 and 1912, the dynasty represented itself with the dragon flag.

On January 10, 1912, the Yellow Dragon Flag was replaced by the Five-Colored Flag, and on February 12 Emperor Pu Yi abdicated, ending the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Five Races Under One Union
Five Races Under One Union was one of the major principles upon which the Republic of China was founded following the 1911 Revolution. Its central tenet was the harmonious existence under one nation of what were considered the five major ethnic groups in China: the Han, the Manchu, the Mongols, the Hui (Muslims), and the Tibetans.
Cuthbert Mayne
Cuthbert Mayne (c. 1543–29 November 1577) was an English Catholic priest executed under the laws of Elizabeth I. He was the first of the seminary priests trained on the Continent to be martyred. Mayne was beatified in 1886 and canonised as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales in 1970.

Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales or Cuthbert Mayne and Thirty-Nine Companion Martyrs are a group of Catholic, lay and religious, men and women, executed between 1535 and 1679 for treason and related offences under various laws enacted by Parliament during the English Reformation. The individuals listed range from Carthusian monks who in 1535 declined to accept Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy, to seminary priests who were caught up in the alleged Popish Plot against Charles II in 1679. Many were sentenced to death at show trials, or with no trial at all.
Tourism in Vila Nova de Gaia
Vila Nova de Gaia is a tourist destination in northern Portugal, located opposite Porto on the South bank of Douro river. The cities connect through several bridges over Douro river. Vila Nova de Gaia is home to several notable attractions, such as the Port wine cellars, Dom Luís I Bridge, the Teleferico, Monastery of Serra do Pilar, Douro Estuary and 18 km long beaches.

Vila Nova de Gaia
Vila Nova de Gaia (European Portuguese: [ˈvilɐ ˈnɔvɐ ðɨ ˈɣajɐ] ⓘ), or simply Gaia, is a city and a municipality in Porto District in Norte Region, Portugal. It is located south of the city of Porto on the other side of the Douro River.  The city proper had a population of 178,255 in 2001. The municipality has an area of 168.46 square kilometres (65.04 mi2) and a population of 303,824 inhabitants in 2021, making it the most populous municipality in Norte Region, and the third most populous in the country, after Lisbon and Sintra. Gaia along with Porto and 16 other municipalities make up the Porto metropolitan area.

The city contains many cellars (locally known as "caves") where port wine is stored and aged. These cellars have become a major tourist attraction.
Gian Giacomo Medici
Gian Giacomo Medici or Jacopo de' Medici (25 January 1498 – 8 November 1555) was an Italian condottiero, Marchese of Marignano and Marquess of Musso and Lecco in Lombardy.

He served Francesco II Sforza during their alliance to the King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. After a brief period of rebellion, he joined the armies of Charles V, whom he served to his death. He gained renown for his leadership and guerrilla expertise, as well as for his cruelty.

Francesco II Sforza
Francesco II Sforza (4 February 1495 – 1 November 1535) was Duke of Milan from 1521 until his death. He became the Duke of Milan after Emperor Charles V reconquered it from the French. He fought at the Battle of Bicocca against the French, but in 1526 joined the League of Cognac with Francis I of France. Surviving a poisoning, he married Christina of Denmark, but died childless. He was the last member of the Sforza family to rule Milan.
Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (2010)
The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) (Mongolian: Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Нам, romanized: Mongol Ardyn Khuvisgalt Nam) was a political party in Mongolia which was founded in 2010 by former president Nambaryn Enkhbayar and remained in existence for a little over a decade.

The party received approval to use the Mongolian People's Party's old name by the Supreme Court of Mongolia in June 2011. Enkhbayar, a former Chairman of the original MPRP, a former Prime Minister of Mongolia and a former President of Mongolia, was the party's only chairman.

The MPRP merged with the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) in May 2021.

Chairman of the Mongolian People's Party
The Chairman of the Mongolian People's Party (Mongolian: Монгол Ардын Намын дарга) is the leader of the Mongolian People's Party (formerly the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party), established on 3 March 1921. With some exceptions, the position was synonymous with that of the leader of the Mongolian People's Republic, the one-party socialist state that existed from 1924 to 1992. The current chairperson is Nyam-Osoryn Uchral, who was elected to the position by the 31st Party Congress in November 2025.

Throughout time, the position has had several names:

Chairman of the Central Committee (1921–1928; 1990–1992)

General Secretary of the Central Committee (1940–1954; 1981–1990)

First Secretary of the Central Committee (1954–1981)

Secretary General of the Party Leadership Council (1992–1997)

Between 11 December 1928 and 8 April 1940 (the 7th to 10th Congresses), the leadership was collective and comprised three Secretaries of the Central Committee.
Rumpelstiltskin
"Rumpelstiltskin" (/ˌrʌmpəlˈstɪltskɪn/ RUMP-əl-STILT-skin; German: Rumpelstilzchen [ˈʁʊmpl̩ˌʃtiːltsçn̩] ⓘ) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in the 1812 edition of Children's and Household Tales. The story is about an imp who spins straw into gold in exchange for a woman's firstborn child.

Imp
An imp is a European mythological being frequently described in folklore and superstition.

Imps are often described as troublesome and mischievous more than seriously threatening or dangerous, and as lesser beings rather than more important supernatural beings. The attendants of the devil are sometimes described as imps. They are usually described as lively and having small stature.
Truncated 8-simplexes
In eight-dimensional geometry, a truncated 8-simplex is a convex uniform 8-polytope, being a truncation of the regular 8-simplex.

There are four unique degrees of truncation. Vertices of the truncation 8-simplex are located as pairs on the edge of the 8-simplex. Vertices of the bitruncated 8-simplex are located on the triangular faces of the 8-simplex. Vertices of the tritruncated 8-simplex are located inside the tetrahedral cells of the 8-simplex.

Uniform 8-polytope
In eight-dimensional geometry, an eight-dimensional polytope or 8-polytope is a polytope contained by 7-polytope facets. Each 6-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 7-polytope facets.

A uniform 8-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform 7-polytope facets.
Chuck Versus Tom Sawyer
"Chuck Versus Tom Sawyer" is the fifth episode of the second season of Chuck. It originally aired on NBC on October 27, 2008. Life in espionage takes its toll on Chuck Bartowski and everyone is taking notice. Chuck tries to explain his unusual behavior to Ellie Bartowski and to the quirky Buy More efficiency expert Emmett Milbarge (Tony Hale), but a new assignment only complicates things. After a global terrorist comes searching for Jeff Barnes, Chuck is forced to socialize with Jeff in order to find out what role the oddball plays in the mission.

Chuck season 2
The second season of Chuck contains 22 episodes and was originally aired from September 29, 2008 to April 27, 2009. The season continues to focus on Chuck's constant struggle to keep his spy life and real life apart as he becomes more accustomed to being a spy. More background on the Intersect project is revealed. Fulcrum, a hostile espionage organization that covets the Intersect, is featured more heavily as the season's main antagonist. Chuck and Sarah continue to grow closer, complicating their asset-handler relationship.
Sindi Hawkins
Satinder Kaur "Sindi" Hawkins (née Ahluwalia; September 15, 1958 – September 21, 2010) was a Canadian politician who served as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of British Columbia, representing Okanagan West from 1996 to 2001 and Kelowna-Mission from 2001 to 2009. A caucus member of the British Columbia Liberal Party, she served in the cabinet of Premier Gordon Campbell as Minister of Health Planning from 2001 to 2004, and Minister of State for Intergovernmental Relations from 2004 to 2005. She was the first Punjabi woman elected to a Canadian legislature, and the first Indo-Canadian woman provincial cabinet minister.

Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)
Gordon Muir Campbell, OC OBC (born January 12, 1948) is a retired Canadian diplomat and politician who was the 35th mayor of Vancouver from 1986 to 1993 and the 34th premier of British Columbia from 2001 to 2011.

He was the leader of the British Columbia Liberal Party from 1993 to 2011. From 2011 to 2016, he served as Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and Canada's representative to the Ismaili Imamat from 2014 to 2016.
Northern Military District (Milo N)
Northern Military District (Swedish: Norra militärområdet, Milo N) was a Swedish military district, a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Northern Sweden, for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of Västernorrland, Jämtland, Västerbotten and Norrbotten. The headquarters of Milo N were located in Boden.

Military district (Sweden)
In Sweden, a military district was a military subdivision and part of Sweden's military-territorial division. The military districts were established in 1833 and were, after several reorganizations (1847, 1867 and 1889), replaced by army divisions in 1893. In 1942, the military districts (Swedish: Militärområde, Milo) were established as multi-service commands of the Swedish Armed Forces. The military districts in the modern form were created in 1966, and each was named after the geographical area it covered. Several changes were made, such as creating or merging districts, until all military districts were disbanded in 2000 and replaced by another military district (Swedish: Militärdistrikt, MD) organization, which was active until 31 December 2005.
Fischland-Darß-Zingst
Fischland-Darß-Zingst (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪʃlantˌdaʁsˈtsɪŋst] ⓘ) is a 45 km (28 mi) long peninsula in the coastal district of Vorpommern-Rügen, in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The three parts of the peninsula, from west to east, are Fischland (part of Mecklenburg), Darß and Zingst (part of Pomerania).

There are six villages on the peninsula - Wustrow, Ahrenshoop, Born, Wieck, Prerow and Zingst. Between the peninsula and the mainland there is a very shallow lagoon (Low German: bodden), the Saaler Bodden, which is part of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park, together with the peninsula.

Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park
Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park (Nationalpark Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft) is Mecklenburg-Vorpommern's largest national park, situated at the coast of the Baltic Sea. It consists of several peninsulas, islands and lagoon shore areas in the Baltic Sea, belonging to the district of Vorpommern-Rügen.

The national park includes:

the Darß peninsula

the western coast of the island of Rügen

the island of Hiddensee

the island of Ummanz

several tiny islets between the above places

the multiple lagoons in between the land masses

The national park is characterised by very shallow water housing a unique coastal fauna. All portions of the national park are famous for being a resting place for tens of thousands of cranes and geese.

Its area is 805 km2 (311 sq mi).
Saint-Nazaire pocket
The Saint-Nazaire Pocket (German: Festung St. Nazaire, French: Poche de Saint-Nazaire) was an Atlantic pocket that existed from August 1944 until 11 May 1945 and was formed by the withdrawal of German troops from Loire-Inférieure (now Loire-Atlantique) during the liberation of the department by the allied forces. It was centred around the port and the submarine base of Saint-Nazaire and extended to the east as far as Saint-Omer-de-Blain and from La Roche-Bernard in the north to Pornic in the south.

Atlantic pockets
In World War II, the Atlantic pockets were locations along the coasts of the Netherlands, Belgium and France chosen as strongholds by the occupying German forces, to be defended as long as possible against land attack by the Allies.

The locations are known in German as Atlantikfestungen (lit. "Atlantic strongholds") but are known in English as "Atlantic pockets".

Six of the Atlantic pockets were captured by the Allies between June and October 1944. Others were placed under siege. Three surrendered in April 1945, and the remainder in May 1945.
2010–11 A Group
The 2010–11 A Group season was the 87th edition of the Bulgarian national top football division, and the 63rd of A Group as the top-tier football league in the country. The season commenced on 31 July 2010 and ended with the last games on 28 May 2011. The winter break was between the weekends around 29 November 2010 and 26 February 2011. Litex Lovech defended their 2009/10 A Group title and were champions for 2 consecutive seasons. As of the 2024-25, this is the most recent edition not won by Ludogorets Razgrad.

2009–10 A Group
The 2009–10 A Group was the 86th season of the Bulgarian national top football division, and the 62nd of A Group as the top tier football league in the country. It began on 7 August 2009 with the game between Beroe and Lokomotiv Sofia. The last round took place on 16 May 2010. Levski Sofia were the defending champions, but they were unable to defend it and Litex Lovech won the title, which was their third overall.
EMD MP15DC
The EMD MP15, sometimes referenced as MP15DC, is a 1,500 hp (1,119 kW) diesel–electric road switcher locomotive model produced by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division between 1974 and 1980. It was equipped with a V12 12-645E engine sporting a Roots blower. The length was either 47 ft 8 in (14.53 m) or 48 ft 8 in (14.83 m) depending on the build date.

The early MP15 and the SW1500 were similar in appearance and applications. They were fitted with the same engine in a similar appearance. The primary difference is the MP15's standard Blomberg B trucks.

Road switcher locomotive
A road switcher locomotive is a type of railroad locomotive 
designed to both haul railcars in mainline service and shunt them in railroad yards. Both type and term are North American in origin, although similar types have been used elsewhere.

A road switcher must be able to operate and have good visibility in both directions. As a road engine, a road switcher must be able to operate at road speeds, with suitable power and cooling capacity. It has high-speed road trucks rather than low-speed switcher only trucks.

Modern road trucks are always equipped with "frictionless" roller bearings, whereas switcher trucks were almost always equipped with "friction" plain bearings, until plain bearings were outlawed in interchange service on both railcars and locomotives.
Inca architecture
Inca architecture is the most significant pre-Columbian architecture in South America. The Incas inherited an architectural legacy from Tiwanaku, founded in the 2nd century B.C.E. in present-day Bolivia.  A core characteristic of the architectural style was to use the topography and existing materials of the land as part of the design. The capital of the Inca empire, Cuzco, still contains many fine examples of Inca architecture, although many walls of Inca masonry have been incorporated into Spanish Colonial structures. The famous royal estate of Machu Picchu (Machu Pikchu) is a surviving example of Inca architecture.  Other significant sites include Sacsayhuamán and Ollantaytambo. The Incas also developed an extensive road system spanning most of the western length of the continent and placed their distinctive architecture along the way, thereby visually asserting their imperial rule along the frontier.

Sacsayhuamán
Sacsayhuamán (/ˈsæksaɪˌwʌmən/ SACK-sy-wuh-mən; Spanish pronunciation: [saksajwaˈman]) or Saksaywaman (from Quechua Saksay waman pukara, pronounced [ˈsaksaj ˈwaman], lit. 'fortress of the royal falcon or hawk') is a citadel on the northern outskirts of the city of Cusco, Peru, the historic capital of the Inca Empire. The site is at an altitude of 3,701 metres (12,142 ft).

The Spanish chroniclers recorded that within the Inca's oral history, the fortress was said to be built during the reign of Sapa Inca Pachacuti and his successors, Topa Inca Yupanqui and Huayna Capac. Dry stone walls constructed of huge stones were built on the site, with the workers carefully cutting the boulders to fit them together tightly without mortar.

In 1983, Cusco and Sacsayhuamán together were designated as sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List, for international recognition and protection. The archeological site is now a tourist destination.
Tusitala proxima
Tusitala proxima is  a species of jumping spider that lives in Tanzania. A member of the genus Tusitala, its name is a Latin word that means “consecutive”. Typically 5 mm (0.20 in) long, the spider is hard to distinguish from the related Tusitala barbata. It has a darker carapace, the hard upper part of its front section, and, behind that, a more swollen abdomen. It can be most easily distinguished by its copulatory organs. First described in 2000, the female has long insemination ducts that follow a closer and wider set of coils. It also has smaller receptacles, or spermathecae and larger accessory glands. The male has not been identified.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
2003 UNCAF Interclub Cup
The 2003 UNCAF Interclub Cup was the 21st edition of the international club football competition held in the UNCAF region representing the seven nations of Central America.  Costa Rican side Deportivo Saprissa obtained their fifth regional title after defeating Comunicaciones F.C. in the final match.  Both clubs, along with third placed Liga Deportiva Alajuelense, qualified to the 2004 CONCACAF Champions' Cup.

UNCAF Interclub Cup
The UNCAF Interclub Cup was an annual international football competition held in the UNCAF region (Central America). The competition was open to the leading domestic club teams in the region. The winners of each national league qualified automatically. It also provided qualification places for the CONCACAF Champions' Cup, to which the top three teams advanced. Starting in 2008, all of the Central American nations have one or two teams qualifying directly to the expanded CONCACAF Champions League, thus this tournament ceased to be played.

This tournament replaced former friendly competitions such as the Copa Fraternidad (1971–1983) and the Torneo Grandes de Centroamérica (1996–1998).

In 2016, a new women's tournament was introduced.
Non Expedit
Non expedit (/nɔn ˈɛkspedit/; Latin for "it is not appropriate") was a provision of the Holy See declaring it inappropriate for Italian Catholics to participate in political elections in the Kingdom of Italy and, by extension, in Italian national political life.

The expression, which drew on Catholic opposition to the unification of Italy and capture of the Papal States, was first used by the Extraordinary Congregation in Charge of Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Catholic World during the papacy of Pope Pius IX on January 30, 1868. It was effectively revoked by Pope Benedict XV in 1919 to allow Catholics to join the Italian People's Party founded by Don Luigi Sturzo.

The declaration did not apply to local or administrative elections.

Capture of Rome
The capture of Rome (Italian: Presa di Roma) occurred on 20 September 1870, as forces of the Kingdom of Italy took control of the city and of the Papal States. After a plebiscite held on 2 October 1870, Rome was officially made capital of Italy on 3 February 1871, completing the unification of Italy (Risorgimento).

The capture of Rome by the Royal Italian Army brought an end to the Papal States, which had existed since the Donation of Pepin in 756, along with the temporal power of the Holy See, and led to the establishment of Rome as the capital of unified Italy. It is widely commemorated in Italy, especially in cathedral cities, by naming streets for the date: Via XX Settembre (spoken form: "Via Venti Settembre").
Tulum, Quintana Roo
Tulum (pronounced [tuˈlum]) is the largest community in the municipality of Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is located on the Caribbean coast of the state, near the site of the archaeological ruins of Tulum.

Tulum Municipality
Tulum Municipality (Spanish: Municipio de Tulum, [muniˈsipjo ðe tuˈlum]) is one of the eleven municipalities that make up the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. It became a municipality when it was formed on 13 March 2008, at which time it was separated from Solidaridad Municipality.

Tulum is home to the Maya archaeological sites of Tulum and Cobá.
Orders, decorations, and medals of the Austrian states
The orders, decorations, and medals of the Austrian states, in which each states of Austria has devised a system of orders and awards to honour residents for actions or deeds that benefit their local community or state, are in turn subsumed within the Austrian honours system. Each state sets their own rules and criteria on eligibility and also how each medal is awarded and presented. Most of the orders allow for the recipient to wear their orders in public.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Austria
The honours system in the Republic of Austria is a means of rewarding individuals' personal achievement, or service to  Austria by state decorations and medals.

The system consists of several types of award which were established by the National Council and are conferred by the President of Austria in accordance with the respective laws.
Galkot
Galkot (Nepali: गल्कोट) is a municipality in Baglung district of Gandaki province of Nepal. It consists of several VDCs. Nearby cities include Gulmi and Pokhara. Its geographic coordinates are 28°13'24"N 83°25'29"E.

It was one of the Chaubisi rajya that existed before unification of Nepal initiated by Prithvi Narayan Shah. It is around 25 km far in the South-Western direction from the headquarter of Baglung district. Today the blacktopped road connects the headquarter to the rural areas of Galkot.

Baglung
Baglung is a municipality in Gandaki Province, in western Nepal, 275 km (171 mi) west of Kathmandu. It is the administrative headquarters of Baglung District. Baglung serves as the major center for business, finance, education, service and healthcare for the people of mid-Kali Gandaki valley that encompass Beni, Jaljala, Baglung, Kushma, Kathekhola, Galkot, Phalewas and Jaimuni local bodies. The city is located at the cross-section of Kaligandaki corridor highway and midhill highway that transverse Nepal in north–south and east–west directions respectively.