hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Lost River
The Battle of Lost River in November 1872 was the first battle in the Modoc War in the northwestern United States. The skirmish, which was fought near the Lost River along the California–Oregon border, was the result of an attempt by the U.S. 1st Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army to force a band of the Modoc tribe to relocate back to the Klamath Reservation, which they had left in objection of its conditions.

In the subsequent war, Captain Jack of the Modoc and 53 warriors held off more than 1000 U.S. soldiers for 7 months in the area of the present-day Lava Beds National Monument. Part of this was named Captain Jack's Stronghold in his honor.

Captain Jack's Stronghold
Captain Jack's Stronghold was a holdout of the Modoc people that is located between Tulelake and Canby, California. The stronghold, which is now part of Lava Beds National Monument, is named for Native American chief Kintpuash who was also known as Captain Jack. During the Modoc War in 1873, Captain Jack along with 53 Modoc warriors, and numerous women and children in a band of 160, managed to hold out against the United States Army which outnumbered them by as much as 10 to 1 for several months.

The Modoc retreated to this area because it was part of their traditional territory where they had hunted and lived before the start of the California genocide, when agents of the United States government assisted by private citizens began the systematic killing of thousands of indigenous peoples of California in the mid-19th century. Many of the brutal acts carried out against native populations were encouraged, tolerated, and perpetuated by state authorities and militias.
Pistoia
Pistoia (US: /pɪˈstɔɪə, piːˈstoʊjɑː/; Italian: [pisˈtoːja] ⓘ) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typical Italian medieval city, and it attracts many tourists, especially in the summer. The city is famous throughout Europe for its plant nurseries.

Inferno (Dante)
Inferno (Italian: [iɱˈfɛrno]; Italian for 'Hell') is the first part of the Italian writer Dante Alighieri's 14th-century narrative poem The Divine Comedy, followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. The Inferno describes the journey of a fictionalised version of Dante himself through Hell, guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. In the poem, Hell is depicted as nine concentric circles of torment located within the Earth; it is the "realm [...] of those who have rejected spiritual values by yielding to bestial appetites or violence, or by perverting their human intellect to fraud or malice against their fellowmen". As an allegory, the Divine Comedy represents the journey of the soul toward God, with the Inferno describing the recognition and rejection of sin.
California Intercollegiate Soccer Conference
The California Intercollegiate Soccer Conference was a pre-NCAA College soccer conference for colleges and universities across the California.

The league began play in 1926 and disbanded in 1955 when it was split into two separate leagues: the Northern California Soccer Conference and the Southern California Soccer Association.

San Francisco is the most winning team of the competition with 11 titles.

San Francisco Dons men's soccer
The San Francisco Dons men's soccer team represents the University of San Francisco in all men's NCAA Division I competitions. They compete in the West Coast Conference and have previously won national championships in 1966, 1975, 1976, and 1980. They are coached by Chris Brown, who was hired in May 2021.
Transport Department
The Transport Department is a government agency under the Transport and Logistics Bureau of the Government of Hong Kong. It is responsible for transportation-related policy in Hong Kong.

The Transport Department was created on 1 December 1968 as a separate department within the Hong Kong Government. Prior to 1968 it was assigned to the Transport Office under the Colonial Secretary's department.

Transport and Logistics Bureau
Transport and Logistics Bureau (Chinese: 運輸及物流局) is a policy bureau for the Government of Hong Kong. It is responsible for the transport and logistics policy portfolios. The agency was established on 1 July 2022, when the housing portfolios of the former Transport and Housing Bureau was spun off to form the Housing Bureau. The current (since 1 July 2022) Secretary for Transport and Logistics is Lam Sai-hung.

This bureau was newly established under the re-organization of policy bureaux proposed by Carrie Lam, the fifth Chief Executive of Hong Kong, and was adopted by John Lee, the succeeding Chief Executive after Carrie Lam. On 19 June 2022, the Central People's Government announced the appointment of Lam Sai-hung, former Permanent Secretary for Development (Works), as the first Secretary for Transport and Logistics.
Kolonia Święte
Kolonia Święte (Polish pronunciation: [kɔˈlɔɲa ˈɕfjɛntɛ]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Waganiec, within Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

Gmina Waganiec
Gmina Waganiec is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Waganiec, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Aleksandrów Kujawski and 29 km (18 mi) south-east of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 54.56 square kilometres (21.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,400.
Treaty of Neuberg
The Treaty of Neuberg, concluded between the Austrian duke Albert III and his brother Leopold III at Neuberg Abbey on 25 September 1379, determined the division of the Habsburg hereditary lands into the Albertinian line and the Leopoldian line.

Duchy of Austria
The Duchy of Austria was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the Privilegium Minus, when the Margraviate of Austria (Ostarrîchi) was detached from Bavaria and elevated to a duchy in its own right. After the ruling dukes of the House of Babenberg became extinct in male line, there was as much as three decades of rivalry on inheritance and rulership, until the German king Rudolf I took over the dominion as the first monarch of the Habsburg dynasty in 1276. Thereafter, Austria became the patrimony and ancestral homeland of the dynasty and the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy. In 1453, the archducal title of the Austrian rulers, invented by Duke Rudolf IV in the forged Privilegium Maius of 1359, was officially acknowledged by the Habsburg emperor Frederick III.
Johan de Wit (poet)
Johan de Wit (born 1944) is a contemporary expatriate Dutch poet. He is the author of as many as twenty publications. His first collection, Rose Poems, was published by Actual Size in 1986. Up To You Munro by Veer Books appeared in 2008. Reality Street published his Gero Nimo in 2011. Kenya (Veer) was published in 2016 (with Antony John and Wayne Clements).

He has been described as one of the most innovative poets writing in English in the past twenty years.

Wayne Clements
Wayne Clements is a contemporary British artist and poet.  His books include, Weather Poems (Red Ceilings Press, 2021), From, A Country Diary (Knives Forks and Spoons Press, 2018), Kenya  (Veer, 2016, with Antony John and Johan de Wit (poet)),  Lives of the Saints (Red Ceilings, 2016),  Variant Lines and Other Poems (Red Ceilings, 2013), Archeus (Department Press, 2012), Western Philosophy (Knives Forks and Spoons Press, 2011), Clerical Work (Veer, 2010), History of the Russian Revolution (Writers Forum 2005), Vertical Stepping (Writers Forum 2001) and  Depressions Strokes (Writers Forum 2000). He holds a PhD in Fine Art from Chelsea College of Art and Design. He has exhibited his new media artworks internationally. In 2006 he won the Award of Distinction for Net Vision at Ars Electronica for un_wiki.

An audio CD of Clements reading from "Clerical Work" was released by Veer in 2010.
Chuka (film)
Chuka is a 1967 American Western film starring Rod Taylor who also produced it and worked on the screenplay.  The film was directed by Gordon Douglas and is based on 1961 novel by Richard Jessup, who also wrote the screenplay.

Gordon Douglas (director)
Gordon Douglas Brickner (December 15, 1907 – September 29, 1993) was an American film director and actor, who directed many different genres of films over the course of a five-decade career in motion pictures.
Osuofia in London
Osuofia in London is a 2003 Nigerian comedy film produced and directed by Kingsley Ogoro, starring Nkem Owoh. The film is arguably one of the highest selling Nollywood films in history. It was followed by 2004 sequel titled Osuofia in London 2.

Francis Odega
Francis Odega listenⓘ is a Nigerian comic actor best known for a comedic video clip of him that went viral and circulated on the Internet. It brought him to the limelight as he secured endorsement deals and recognition from foreign celebrities, such as 50-cent, who Odega claimed followed him on Instagram
Il faut du temps
"Il faut du temps", also known under the full title "Il faut du temps (Je me battrai pour ça)" (French pronunciation: [il fo dy tɑ̃ ʒə mə batʁe puʁ sa]; "It takes time (I will fight for that)"), was the French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002, performed in French by Sandrine François. The song was co-written by French singer Patrick Bruel, and produced by Erick Benzi.

The song was also released in English under the title "After the Rain".

Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002
Belgium was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2002 with the song "Sister", written by Dirk Paelinck and Marc Paelinck, and performed by the group Sergio & the Ladies. The Belgian participating broadcaster, Flemish Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie (VRT), selected its entry for the contest through the national final Eurosong 2002. Belgium returned to the contest after a one-year absence following their relegation from 2001 as one of the bottom six entrants in 2000. The national final featured twenty-eight competing entries and consisted of five shows. In the final on 17 February 2002, "Sister" performed by Sergio @ the Ladies was selected as the winner via the votes of five voting groups. The group was renamed as Sergio & the Ladies for Eurovision.

Belgium competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 25 May 2002. Performing during the show in position 16, Belgium placed thirteenth out of the 24 participating countries, scoring 33 points.
Alexander von Taube
Baron Alexander Alexandrovich von Taube (21 August 1864 – January 1919) was an Imperial Russian general.

He fought in the war of Russia against the Empire of Japan. In WWI, Major General, later as Lieutenant General, commanded the 5th Siberian Infantry Division. After the 1916 democratic revolution in Russia, he was elected by the soldiers' council to lead the Omsk (Siberia) military district.

In 1918, he was conscripted as a military specialist to serve in the Red Army. His service with the Red Army, during 1918, involved planning strategic operations in Siberia. During that time, the Red Army in Siberia was defeated by the Volunteer Army of Admiral Alexander Kolchak. General Taube was detained on the territory controlled by the Volunteer Army.  Being taken to Yekaterinburg, at that time one of the centers of the White movement) he was investigated, offered service with the Volunteer Army; however, while still in detention, he died of typhus.

Siberian Military District
The Siberian Military District was a Military district of the Russian Ground Forces. The district was originally formed as a military district of the Russian Empire in 1864. In 1924 it was reformed in the Red Army. After the end of World War II the district was split into the Western and Eastern Siberian Military Districts. In 1956 the western district's name was changed back to Siberian Military District, and in 1998 the Transbaikal Military District was merged into it. In 2010 it was divided between the two newly formed Central and Eastern Military Districts.
Behind the Headlines (1937 film)
Behind the Headlines is a 1937 American crime action film directed by Richard Rosson from a screenplay by Edmund Hartmann and J. Robert Bren, based on an original story by Thomas Ahearn. It was produced and distributed by RKO Radio Pictures, which released the film on May 14, 1937. The film stars Lee Tracy and Diana Gibson, with a supporting cast that includes Donald Meek, Paul Guilfoyle, Philip Huston and Frank M. Thomas.

Edmund Hartmann
Edmund L. Hartmann (September 24, 1911 – November 28, 2003) was an American film and television writer and producer from the 1930s to the 1970s. Hartmann worked with numerous actors, including Bob Hope. He produced the television classic My Three Sons for ten seasons from 1962 and also produced Family Affair. Both shows were filmed by Don Fedderson Productions.
The Painter and His Model (1925 film)
The Painter and His Model (German: Der Maler und sein Modell, French: Le mirage de Paris) is a 1925 French-German silent film directed by Jean Manoussi and starring Madeleine Erickson, Léon Mathot and Ginette Maddie.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Neppach. Location shooting took place around Paris including at the Eiffel Tower and Austerlitz Station.

Jean Manoussi
Jean Manoussi (14 November 1868 - 21 December 1929) was a French dramatist, film director and screenwriter. Jean Manoussi has written several theatre plays in collaboration with playwrights such as Paul Armont, Marcel Gerbidon or Gabriel Timmory.
Maryland Route 16
Maryland Route 16 (MD 16) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  The state highway runs 51.06 miles (82.17 km) from Taylors Island east to the Delaware state line in Hickman, where the highway continues as Delaware Route 16 (DE 16).  MD 16 connects Cambridge with several communities in northern Dorchester County and southwestern Caroline County, including East New Market and Preston.  The state highway runs concurrently with U.S. Route 50 (US 50) near Cambridge, MD 331 between East New Market and Preston, and both MD 404 and MD 313 near Andersontown.  MD 16 was constructed between Church Creek and Preston as one of the original state roads in the early and mid-1910s.  The highway was extended in both directions in the late 1910s: north to what was to be designated MD 313 near Denton and west to Taylors Island.  MD 16 was extended through Andersontown to the Delaware state line in the early 1930s.  MD 16's bypass of Cambridge was constructed in the mid-1960s.

Taylors Island, Maryland
Taylors Island is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States, in the state's Eastern Shore region. The population was 173 at the 2010 census. It is known for hunting, crabbing and fishing. Ridgeton Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. Bethlehem Methodist Episcopal Church and Grace Episcopal Church Complex were listed in 1979.
Growing Up (1997 Philippine TV series)
Growing Up is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. The series served as a sequel to the Philippine television series T.G.I.S. Directed by Mark A. Reyes, it stars Angelu de Leon, Bobby Andrews and Onemig Bondoc. It premiered on June 2, 1997. The series concluded on February 12, 1999, with a total of 88 episodes.

Bobby Andrews
Robert Riu Andrews (born November 30, 1976) is a Filipino actor, TV host and former matinee idol. Starting out as a commercial model, he rose to fame when he teamed up with Angelu de Leon in the famous teen-oriented television show T.G.I.S. and its sequel Growing Up.
Tatí Yupí Refuge
Tatí Yupí is a biological reserve in the district of Hernandarias, Alto Paraná Department, Paraguay. It is located on the right bank of the Paraná River and covers area of 2,245 hectares (5,550 acres). The reserve is one of 8 sites earmarked as the ecological reserve by the Itaipu, the largest dam in production in the world, located between Paraguay and Brazil.

Alto Paraná Department
Alto Paraná (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalto paɾaˈna]; Upper Paraná) is a department in Paraguay. The capital is Ciudad del Este (formerly known as Puerto Presidente Stroessner, originally Puerto Flor de Lis).

The Alto Paraná department has experienced tremendous economic and population growth in the past 50 years. Most of this growth has been concentrated in the department capital of Ciudad del Este, and mainly occurred after the construction of the Puente de la Amistad bridge in 1961, which connects Paraguay and Brazil. This department is home to the Itaipu power plant, which supplies 95% of the energy consumed by Paraguay, and the Acaray Dam. Several ecological reserves, a zoo and the Taiwanese-Paraguayan Technology Park are situated in this department.

The city of Presidente Franco was the first city founded in this department. Several important agricultural establishments are centered in the region of Minga Guazú which is home of the Guarani International Airport.
Watson Chapel School District
Watson Chapel School District No. 24 (WCSD) is a public school district serving the communities of Pine Bluff (including Watson Chapel) and Sulphur Springs within Jefferson County, Arkansas, United States. Headquartered in Pine Bluff, Watson Chapel School District employs over 300 faculty and staff to provide educational programs for students ranging from kindergarten through twelfth grade and enrolls more than 2,200 students.

In 1971 the district covered 125 square miles (320 km2) of land.

All schools in the district are accredited by AdvancED (formerly the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools).

Jefferson County, Arkansas
Jefferson County, officially the County of Jefferson, is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas in the area known as the Arkansas Delta that extends west of the Mississippi River. Jefferson County consists of five cities, two towns, and 20 townships. It is bisected by the Arkansas River, which was critical to its development and long the chief transportation byway. In 2020, Jefferson County's population was estimated at 67,260. The county seat and most populous city is Pine Bluff. The county is included in the Pine Bluff micropolitan statistical area.

Jefferson County was formed from Vaugine Township, Pulaski County and Richland Township, Arkansas County in the Arkansas Territory on November 2, 1829. It is named for Thomas Jefferson, third U.S. president. It was the site of the Battle of Pine Bluff on October 25, 1863.
It's a Little Too Late (Mark Chesnutt song)
"It's a Little Too Late" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Mark Chesnutt.  It was released in September 1996 as the lead single from his Greatest Hits compilation album.  The song reached number-one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 5 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.  The song was written by Chesnutt, Roger Springer and Slugger Morrissette.

Roger Springer
Roger Springer (born June 15, 1962, in Caddo, Oklahoma) is an American country music artist. Springer's only single as a solo artist, "The Right One Left," was released in 1992 on MCA Nashville and peaked at No. 69 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

In 1998, Springer formed the country music trio Springer! with Shara Johnson and Joe Manuel. Their first single, "Don't Try to Find Me," peaked at No. 64 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. A second single, "Ain't Nothing but a Cloud," was released in 1999 but failed to chart. Renamed The Roger Springer Band, Giant released the trio's eponymous debut album in July 1999 shortly before they disbanded.

As a songwriter, Springer has co-written single releases by Mark Chesnutt ("I Might Even Quit Lovin' You," "It's a Little Too Late," "Let It Rain," "Thank God for Believers"), Sammy Kershaw ("Matches") and Love and Theft ("Dancing in Circles").
Chip carrier
In electronics, a chip carrier is one of several kinds of surface-mount technology packages for integrated circuits (commonly called "chips"). Connections are made on all four edges of a square package, the outer edges of which contain metal pins that carry power and signals to and from the rest of the system. Compared to the internal cavity that holds the integrated circuit, the overall size of the package is large to provide room for robust pins.

Semiconductor package
A semiconductor package is a metal, plastic, glass, or ceramic casing containing one or more discrete semiconductor devices or integrated circuits. Individual components are fabricated on semiconductor wafers (commonly silicon) before being diced into die, tested, and packaged. The package provides a means for connecting it  to the external environment, such as printed circuit board, via leads such as lands, balls, or pins; and protection against threats such as mechanical impact, chemical contamination, and light exposure. Additionally, it helps dissipate heat produced by the device, with or without the aid of a heat spreader. There are thousands of package types in use. Some are defined by international, national, or industry standards, while others are particular to an individual manufacturer.
Georgia's 15th Senate district
District 15 of the Georgia Senate is a district located in West and Southwest Georgia, anchored in Columbus.

The district includes most of Columbus-Muscogee County as well as all of Chattahoochee, Macon, Marion, Schley, Talbot, and Taylor counties.  The district includes Fort Benning.

The current senator is Ed Harbison, a Democrat from Columbus first elected in 1992.

Marion County, Georgia
Marion County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 7,498. The county seat is Buena Vista. The county was created on December 14, 1827. The county was named for General Francis Marion of South Carolina.

Marion County is included in the Columbus, GA-AL metropolitan statistical area.

The art site of Pasaquan is located in Marion County.
Good Time Jazz Records
Good Time Jazz Records was an American jazz record company and label. It was founded in 1949 by Lester Koenig to record the Firehouse Five Plus Two and earned a reputation for Dixieland jazz.

The label produced new releases and reissues, including recordings by Jelly Roll Morton, Burt Bales, Turk Murphy's jazz band, Wally Rose, Luckey Roberts, Willie "The Lion" Smith, Lu Watters, Bob Scobey, Bunk Johnson, Kid Ory, George Lewis, Johnny Wiggs, Sharkey Bonano, Don Ewell, and blues musician Jesse Fuller.

Good Time Jazz was subsumed by Koenig's Contemporary Records. Its last recording was made in 1969. When Koenig died in 1977, the label's catalog was sold to Fantasy Records, which anthologized some of it. It was acquired by the Concord Music Group in 2004 when Fantasy was taken over.

Kid Ory
Edward "Kid" Ory (December 25, 1886 – January 23, 1973) was an American jazz composer, trombonist and bandleader. One of the early users of the glissando technique, he helped establish it as a central element of New Orleans jazz.

He was born near LaPlace, Louisiana and moved to New Orleans on his 21st birthday, to Los Angeles in 1910 and to Chicago in 1925. The Ory band later was an important force in reviving interest in New Orleans jazz, making radio broadcasts on The Orson Welles Almanac program in 1944, among other shows. In 1944–45, the group made a series of recordings for the Crescent label, which was founded by Nesuhi Ertegun for the express purpose of recording Ory's band.

Ory retired from music in 1966 and spent his last years in Hawaii where he died from a heart attack.