hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reference dose
A reference dose is the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) maximum acceptable oral dose of a toxic substance, "below which no adverse noncancer health effects should result from a lifetime of exposure". Reference doses have been most commonly determined for pesticides. The EPA defines an oral reference dose (abbreviated RfD) as:

[A]n estimate, with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude, of a daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
Margaret D. Lowman
Margaret D. Lowman, Ph.D. a.k.a. Canopy Meg (born December 23, 1953) is an American biologist, educator, ecologist, writer, explorer, and public speaker. Her expertise involves canopy ecology, canopy plant-insect relationships, and constructing canopy walkways.

Nicknamed the "real-life Lorax" and "Einstein of the treetops", Lowman pioneered the science of canopy ecology. She is known as the "mother of canopy research." For more than 45 years, she has designed hot-air balloons and walkways for treetop exploration across 45+ countries to solve mysteries in the world's forests, especially insect pests and ecosystem health. She works to map the canopy for biodiversity and to champion forest conservation around the world.

Lowman's academic training includes Williams College (BA, Biology) in 1976; Aberdeen University (MSc, Ecology) in 1978;  Sydney University (Ph.D., Botany); and Tuck School of Business (Executive Management).

Canopy walkway
Canopy walkways – also called canopy walks, treetop walks or treetop walkways – provide pedestrian access to a forest canopy. Early walkways consisted of bridges between trees in the canopy of a forest; mostly linked up with platforms inside or around the trees. They were originally intended as access to the upper regions of ancient forests for scientists conducting canopy research. Eventually, because they provided only limited, one-dimensional access to the trees, they were abandoned for canopy cranes. Today they serve as ecotourism attractions in places such as Dhlinza Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Taman Negara National Park, Malaysia, Sedim River, Kulim, Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda and Kakum National Park, Ghana.
Ealing comedies
The Ealing comedies is an informal name for a series of comedy films produced by the London-based Ealing Studios during a ten-year period from 1947 to 1957. Often considered to reflect Britain's post-war spirit, the most celebrated films in the sequence include Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), Whisky Galore! (1949), The Lavender Hill Mob (1951), The Man in the White Suit (1951) and The Ladykillers (1955). Hue and Cry (1947) is generally considered to be the earliest of the cycle, and Barnacle Bill (1957) the last, although some sources list Davy (1958) as the final Ealing comedy. Many of the Ealing comedies are ranked among the greatest British films, and they also received international acclaim.

Davy (film)
Davy is a 1958 British comedy-drama film directed by Michael Relph and starring Harry Secombe, Alexander Knox and Ron Randell. It was written by WIlliam Rose. It was the last comedy to be made by Ealing Studios and was the first British film in Technirama. Davy was intended to launch the solo career of Harry Secombe, who was already a popular British radio personality on The Goon Show, but it was only moderately successful.

Secombe said it "was to be my big chance to score a success in films, something I had longed to do ever since I started in the business. My previous attempts at becoming a film star were pretty poor to put it mildly."
Murino, Leningrad Oblast
Murino (Russian: Мурино [ˈmurʲɪnə]) is a town in Vsevolozhsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located east of and immediately adjacent to the city of St. Petersburg. Formerly a settlement, it was granted a town status on 27 March 2019. The population of Murino is about 89,000 people.

Vsevolozhsky District
Vsevolozhsky District (Russian: Все́воложский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central northwestern part of the oblast on the Karelian Isthmus and borders with Priozersky District in the north, Kirovsky District in the south, Vyborgsky District in the northwest, Nevsky, Krasnogvardeysky, Kalininsky, Vyborgsky, and Kurortny Districts of the federal city of St. Petersburg in the west, and is washed by Lake Ladoga in the east. The area of the district is 3,036.4 square kilometers (1,172.4 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Vsevolozhsk. Population (excluding the administrative center): 153,045 (2010 Census); 131,233 (2002 Census); 135,318 (1989 Soviet census).
Wharton v. Wise
Wharton v. Wise, 153 U.S. 155 (1894), is a 9-to-0 ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States, which denied a citizen of the state of Maryland a writ of habeas corpus. The appellant, tried and convicted of illegally harvesting oysters from Pocomoke Sound in the Chesapeake Bay, had argued that his right to fish was protected by an interstate compact and that this compact also barred the state of Virginia from trying him. The Supreme Court disagreed on both counts.

Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all oysters, are in the superfamily Ostreoidea.

Some species of oyster are commonly consumed and are regarded as a delicacy in some localities. Some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. Others, such as the translucent windowpane oysters, are harvested for their shells.
Afrocygnus
Afrocygnus is an extinct genus of swan, which lived during the Late Miocene, and perhaps up to the Late Pliocene, in what is today North Africa. The only genus of swan known in Africa, aside from fragmentary Pleistocene remains found in East Africa and from occasional observations of vagrant European swans along the Mediterranean coast, it lived in what was during the Miocene a damp wetland spanning from Libya to Chad, alongside the Antracothere Libycosaurus and the early Homininae Sahelanthropus. The genus is considered as the sister taxon of the extant genus Cygnus. Fossils of the genus have been uncovered in the Sahabi Formation of Cyrenaica in Libya, and in the Toros-Menalla locality in the Djurab Desert of Northern Chad.

Swan
Swans are birds of the genus Cygnus within the family Anatidae. The swans' closest relatives include geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae, forming the tribe Cygnini. Sometimes, they are considered a distinct subfamily, Cygninae. They are the largest waterfowl and are often among the largest flighted birds in their range.

There are six living and many extinct species of swan; in addition, there is a species known as the coscoroba swan, which is no longer considered one of the true swans. Swans usually mate for life, although separation sometimes occurs, particularly following nesting failure, and if a mate dies, the remaining swan will take up with another. The number of eggs in each clutch ranges from three to eight.
Coronel João Pessoa
Coronel João Pessoa is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. With an area of 117.139 square kilometers (45.228 sq mi), of which 1.6622 square kilometres (0.6418 sq mi) is urban, it is located 361 km from Natal, the state capital, and 1,480 km from Brasília, the federal capital. Its population in the 2022 demographic census was 4,237 inhabitants, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), ranking as the 128th most populous municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

2022 Brazilian census
The 2022 Brazilian Census was the 13th national population census in Brazilian history, and took place on 1 August 2022. It was intended to take place in 2020, but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and budgetary issues.
Gleb Svyatoslavich
Gleb Svyatoslavich (c. 1052 – 30 May 1078) was Prince of Tmutarakan and Novgorod of Kievan Rus'. He ruled Tmutarakan under the overall authority of his father Sviatoslav Iaroslavich, Prince of Chernigov. He was twice expelled from his principality by one of his cousins Rostislav Vladimirovich.

His father appointed him prince of Novgorod in 1067 or 1068. He suppressed a rebellion incited by a volkhv against the bishop of the town. Later he was expelled from Novgorod and was killed by the Chudes. The Russian Primary Chronicle writes that he "was kindly toward the poor and hospitable to strangers, zealous toward the church, warm in faith, peaceful, and fair in appearance".

Volkhv
A volkhv or volhv (Cyrillic: Волхв; Polish: Wołchw, translatable as wiseman, wizard, sorcerer, magus, i.e. shaman, gothi or mage) is a priest in ancient Slavic religions and contemporary Slavic Native Faith.
Pietro Querini
Pietro Querini was a 15th-century sea captain from the Republic of Venice.
He is known for being shipwrecked at Røst in northern Norway during the winter of 1432, and subsequently returning to Venice, where he wrote a report of his travels for the Venetian Senate. He is also credited with popularizing stockfish in the Veneto region, where it is prepared as baccalà alla vicentina.

Røstlandet
Røstlandet or simply Røst is an island in Røst Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 3.6-square-kilometre (1.4 sq mi) island makes up the majority of the land of the municipality and is home to most of its residents.  The island is very low and marshy, with the highest point on the island only reaching 11 metres (36 ft) above sea level.  There are many small lakes on the island, many of the wetlands areas on the island are located in a protected nature reserve.

The village of Røstlandet is a fishing village that covers the southeastern part of the island. Røst Airport is located on the northern part of the island. Røst Church is located in the village. The remaining uninhabited parts of the island are dominated by sheep farming and racks for drying fish.

Skomvær Lighthouse is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of the island.
S.L. Benfica (roller hockey)
Sport Lisboa e Benfica (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɨˈpɔɾ liʒˈβoɐ i βɐ̃jˈfikɐ] ⓘ), commonly known as Benfica, is a professional roller hockey team based in Lisbon, Portugal.

Founded in 1917, Benfica play in the Portuguese first division, having won 24 league titles. Moreover, they have won 15 Portuguese Cups, nine Portuguese Super Cups, one 1947 Cup and four Elite Cup.

Internationally, Benfica have won, among other trophies, two CERH European League, two CERS Cup, three CERH Continental Cup, two Intercontinental Cup and one Golden Cup.

WSE Continental Cup
The WSE Continental Cup is an annual roller hockey match organised by the World Skate Europe - Rink Hockey since 1980, and contested by the winners of the top two European club competitions, the WSE Champions League (1st tier) and the WSE Cup (2nd tier).

The current winners are Portuguese side OC Barcelos  who defeated Portuguese side Porto 4-3 in the 2025 final-four edition to win their second title.
James Morgan Read
James Morgan Read, II (1908–1985) was a Quaker and President of Wilmington College, Ohio from 1960 to 1969. He also served as United Nations Deputy High Commissioner from 1951 to 1960, and was a vice president of the Charles F. Kettering Foundation from 1969 until his retirement in 1974.

Wilmington College (Ohio)
Wilmington College is a private liberal arts college in Wilmington, Ohio, United States. It was established by the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in 1870 and is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The college is still Quaker-affiliated and has seven core Quaker values. In fall 2018, the college set an enrollment record, bringing in 450 new students for the academic year, totaling 1,103 students on Wilmington's main campus and 139 students at Wilmington's two Cincinnati branches at Blue Ash and Cincinnati State.
Electoral history of Tommy Douglas
This is the electoral history of Tommy Douglas, the seventh premier of Saskatchewan from 1944 to 1961.

In addition to his role as premier, Douglas was a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan during the same time period for the constituency of Weyburn. Having earlier served as a CCF member of the House of Commons of Canada for Weyburn from 1935 to 1944, Douglas re-entered federal politics in 1961 when he became the first leader of the newly-created New Democratic Party (NDP). He served as an NDP member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1962 to 1968 and 1969 to 1979, and he stepped down from the role of party leader in 1971.

Weyburn (provincial electoral district)
Weyburn was a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, from 1908 to 1995. The district was created for the second Saskatchewan general election in 1908. It contained the town of Weyburn and extended into the surrounding countryside.

The district was dissolved in the redistribution following the 1991 federal census. It was combined with parts of the Bengough-Milestone district to become Weyburn-Big Muddy, for the 1995 general election. From 1944 to 1961, Premier Tommy Douglas was the Member of the Legislative Assembly for the Weyburn riding.
Kaykhusraw I
Kaykhusraw I (Old Anatolian Turkish: كَیخُسرو or Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Kaykhusraw ibn Kilij Arslān; Persian: غياث‌الدين كيخسرو بن قلج ارسلان), the eleventh and youngest son of Kilij Arslan II, was Seljuk Sultan of Rûm. He succeeded his father in 1192, but had to fight his brothers for control of the Sultanate, losing to his brother Suleiman II in 1196. He ruled it 1192–1196 and 1205–1211.

Old Anatolian Turkish
Old Anatolian Turkish (Turkish: Eski Anadolu Türkçesi), also referred to as Old Anatolian Turkic, was the form of the Turkish language spoken in Anatolia from the 11th to 15th centuries. It developed into Early Ottoman Turkish and Middle Azerbaijani. It was written in the Perso-Arabic script. Unlike in later Ottoman Turkish, short-vowel diacritics were used.

It had no official status until 1277, when Mehmet I of Karaman declared a firman in an attempt to break the dominance of Persian:
Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves
Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves is a two-reel animated cartoon short subject in the Popeye Color Specials series, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on November 26, 1937 by Paramount Pictures.  It was produced by Max Fleischer for Fleischer Studios, Inc. and directed by Dave Fleischer. Willard Bowsky was head animator, with musical supervision by Sammy Timberg. The voice of Popeye is performed by Jack Mercer, with additional voices by Mae Questel as Olive Oyl, Lou Fleischer as J. Wellington Wimpy and Gus Wickie as Abu Hassan.

J. Wellington Wimpy
J. Wellington Wimpy, generally referred to as Wimpy, is a character in the comic strip Popeye, created by E. C. Segar, and in the Popeye cartoons based upon the strip. Wimpy debuted in the strip in 1931 and was one of the dominant characters in the newspaper strip, but when Popeye was adapted as an animated cartoon series by Fleischer Studios, Wimpy became a minor character; Dave Fleischer said that the character in the original Segar strip was "too smart" to be used in the film cartoon adaptations. Wimpy appears in Robert Altman's 1980 live-action musical film Popeye, played by Paul Dooley.
Double-checked locking
In software engineering, double-checked locking (also known as "double-checked locking optimization") is a software design pattern used to reduce the overhead of acquiring a lock by testing the locking criterion (the "lock hint") before acquiring the lock.  Locking occurs only if the locking criterion check indicates that locking is required.

The original form of the pattern, appearing in Pattern Languages of Program Design 3, has data races, depending on the memory model in use, and it is hard to get right. Some consider it to be an anti-pattern. There are valid forms of the pattern, including the use of the volatile
 keyword in Java and explicit memory barriers in C++.

The pattern is typically used to reduce locking overhead when implementing "lazy initialization" in a multi-threaded environment, especially as part of the Singleton pattern. Lazy initialization avoids initializing a value until the first time it is accessed.

Race condition
A race condition or race hazard is the condition of an electronics, software, or other system where the system's substantive behavior is dependent on the sequence or timing of other uncontrollable events, leading to unexpected or inconsistent results. It becomes a bug when one or more of the possible behaviors is undesirable.

The term race condition was already in use by 1954, for example in David A. Huffman's doctoral thesis "The synthesis of sequential switching circuits".

Race conditions can occur especially in logic circuits or multithreaded or distributed software programs. Using mutual exclusion can prevent race conditions in distributed software systems.
Enterprise Center
Enterprise Center is an 18,096-seat arena located in downtown St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Its primary tenant is the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League, but it is also used for other functions, such as NCAA basketball, NCAA hockey, concerts, professional wrestling and more. In a typical year, the facility hosts about 175 events. Industry trade publication Pollstar has previously ranked Enterprise Center among the top ten arenas worldwide in tickets sold to non-team events, but the facility has since fallen into the upper sixties, as of 2017.

The arena opened in 1994 as the Kiel Center. It was known as the Savvis Center from 2000 to 2006, and Scottrade Center from 2006 to 2018. On May 21, 2018, the St. Louis Blues and representatives of Enterprise Holdings, based in St. Louis, announced that the naming rights had been acquired by Enterprise and that the facility's name, since July 1, 2018, adopted its current name.

NCAA men's ice hockey championship
NCAA men's ice hockey championship refers to either of the two tournaments in men's ice hockey – one in  Division I and one in Division III – contested by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) since 1971.  The NCAA Division II Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, contested from 1978 to 1984 and from 1993 to 1999, was discontinued due to a lack of Division II conferences sponsoring ice hockey.

NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament

NCAA Division III men's ice hockey tournament

Since 1999, the semifinals and finals for the Division I championship have been branded as the "Frozen Four", echoing the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament's "Final Four".

The NCAA started a Women's Frozen Four beginning with the 2000–01 season.

The Hobey Baker Award ceremony, Hockey Humanitarian Award ceremony, and USCHO.com Town Hall Meeting take place annually during Frozen Four weekend.

The 2020 Championships were cancelled due to ongoing concerns over the coronavirus.
Vyacheslav Zahorodnyuk
Vyacheslav Vasylovych Zahorodnyuk (born 11 August 1972) is a Ukrainian former competitive figure skater. He represented the USSR until its dissolution and then represented Ukraine. He is the 1994 World bronze medalist, 1996 European champion, and 1989 World Junior champion.

1989 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 1989 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held from November 29 to December 4, 1988 in Sarajevo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia. The event was sanctioned by the International Skating Union and open to ISU member nations. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
2013 Kontinental Hockey League All-Star Game
The 2013 Kontinental Hockey League All-Star Game was the All-Star game for the 2012–13 season of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). It took place on 13 January 2013 at the Traktor Sport Palace in Chelyabinsk, Russia, and resulted in Team East, captained by Aleksey Morozov, winning 18–11 over Team West, captained by Ilya Kovalchuk.

2012–13 KHL season
The 2012–13 KHL season was the fifth season of the Kontinental Hockey League. The regular season began on 4 September with the Lokomotiv Cup between last year's finalists Dynamo Moscow and Avangard Omsk. The league consisted of 26 teams from 7 countries for the first time. Dynamo Moscow successfully defended their title after beating Traktor Chelyabinsk in the Gagarin Cup finals.
Shake, Rattle & Roll Evil Origins
Shake, Rattle & Roll Evil Origins (also known as Shake, Rattle & Roll XVII or Shake, Rattle & Roll 17) is a 2025 Filipino horror anthology film produced by Regal Entertainment, and the seventeenth installment of the Shake, Rattle & Roll film series. The film was directed by Shugo Praico, Joey de Guzman, and Ian Loreños. The plot revolves on different time periods in each segment; past ("1775"), present ("2025"), and future ("2050"). The film is an official entry to the 51st Metro Manila Film Festival, after the previous installment was not included in the 2023 edition.

As of 2026, the film has grossed ₱140 million, becoming the highest-grossing film in the series, surpassing the tenth film.

Regal Entertainment
Regal Entertainment Inc. (formerly and more commonly known as Regal Films) is a Philippine film, television production and distribution headquartered in New Manila, Quezon City. It was founded by Lily Monteverde on August 19, 1962. Regal Entertainment is one of the largest film studios in the Philippines, along with Star Cinema, GMA Pictures, and Viva Films.
Long Buckby A.F.C.
Long Buckby Association Football Club is a football club based in Long Buckby, near Northampton, Northamptonshire, England. They are currently members of the Spartan South Midlands League Division One and play at Station Road.

Spartan South Midlands Football League
The Spartan South Midlands Football League is an English football league covering Hertfordshire, northwest Greater London, central Buckinghamshire and southern Bedfordshire. It is a feeder to the Southern Football League or the Isthmian League, and consists of five divisions – three for first teams (Premier Division, Division One and Division Two), and two for reserve teams (Reserve Division One and Reserve Division Two).

The Premier Division is at step 5 (or level 9) and Division One at step 6 (level 10) of the National League System (NLS) respectively. Division Two, at level 11, and the reserve divisions are not part of the NLS.