hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vellum (Account Book) Binders' Trade Society
The Vellum (Account Book) Binders' Trade Society was a British trade union formed in 1823, and with a tiny membership representing a small fraction of bookbinders.

It is perhaps best remembered in contemporary times for its president from 1892 to 1898, Frederick Rogers, who in 1900 acted as the first chairman of the Labour Representation Committee, the immediate forerunner of the British Labour Party. Rogers describes the union as small, old-fashioned and decidedly conservative. He assumed office after an unsuccessful industrial action from 1891 to 1892, in support of an eight-hour working day, resulted in the halving of its membership and severe depletion of its funds.

In 1911, it amalgamated with the Bookbinders and Machine Rulers' Consolidated Union, the Society of Day-working Bookbinders of London, Westminster, etc and the London Consolidated Society of Journeymen Bookbinders to form the National Union of Bookbinders and Machine Rulers.

Frederick Rogers (bookbinder)
Frederick Rogers (27 April 1846 – 16 November 1915) was an English bookbinder, trades unionist, writer and journalist. He is notable as first chairman of the Labour Representation Committee, the political pressure group to which the Labour Party traces its origins, as well as for a lifetime of work dedicated to educational improvement for the working class, and to the introduction of a general tax-funded system of old-age pensions.
Hautvillers Abbey
Hautvillers Abbey, or more formally the Abbey of St Peter, Hautvillers (French: Abbaye Saint-Pierre d'Hautvillers), is a former Benedictine monastery in the Hautvillers commune of the Marne department in north-eastern France. The abbey remained active between 665 and the French Revolution of 1789. It housed the relics of Saint Helena, Empress and mother of Constantine, between 841 and 1819. One of its monks, Dom Pérignon, contributed to the development of sparkling wine in the Champagne region. The building has been classified as a monument of historical value since 1983.

Dom Pérignon (monk)
Dom Pierre Pérignon (French: [dɔ̃ pjɛʁ peʁiɲɔ̃]; December 1638 – 14 September 1715), was a French Benedictine monk who made important contributions to the production and quality of Champagne wine in an era when the region's wines were predominantly still red. Popular tales frequently, but erroneously, credit him with the invention of sparkling Champagne, which did not become the dominant style of Champagne until the mid-19th century.

The famous Champagne Dom Pérignon, the prestige cuvée of winery Moët & Chandon, is named after him. The remains of the monastery where he spent his adult life are now the property of that winery.
Aasulv Olsen Bryggesaa
Aasulv Olsen Bryggesaa (25 April 1856 – 3 April 1922) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from the constituency Lister og Mandal amt in 1900, and was re-elected on four consecutive occasions. When the second cabinet Knudsen assumed office on 31 January 1913, Bryggesaa was appointed Minister of Education and Church Affairs. He left cabinet on 25 October 1915.

Born in Eiken, he was a member of Hægebostad municipal council and served as mayor for some time. For an unknown period he was a member of the county committee, a forerunner of the county council.

He took a teacher's education in Holt in 1877. From 1878 he worked on the family farm Bryggesaa in Eiken. He also worked as a teacher in Hægebostad for six years. In addition he served on various public committees, both locally and nationally.

Holt, Aust-Agder
Holt is a former municipality in the old Aust-Agder county in Norway.  The 176-square-kilometre (68 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1960 when it was merged into the present-day municipality of Tvedestrand which is now in Agder county.  The administrative centre of Holt was located just south of the village of Fiane where Holt Church is located.

Holt Church probably dates from the twelfth century and has an ancient baptismal font. The interior was decorated by Torsten Hoff. The Nordkalottruta trail runs through the Holt area in Tvedestrand.
Itasca Independent School District
Itasca Independent School District is a public school district based in Itasca, Texas (USA) located in north central Hill County. Its mascot is a creature from American folklore, the Wampus Cat.

In addition to Itasca, the district also serves a portion of Carl's Corner.

In 2009, the school district was rated "exemplary" by the Texas Education Agency.

The Itasca Independent School district received national attention by invoking an indefinite suspension on student Kenneth Fails at the beginning of the 2010-2011 school year. He had been suspended for several weeks while in fifth grade in the 2009-2010 school year as well, both for refusing to cut his long hair.

Carl's Corner, Texas
Carl's Corner is a town in Hill County, Texas, United States. The population was 201 at the 2020 census. The town was founded by, and named after, Carl Cornelius, a local truck stop owner and long-time friend of Willie Nelson. Cornelius founded the town for the purpose of legalizing alcohol sales in the otherwise mostly-dry county.

Cornelius' property adjacent to the truck stop was the site of several Willie Nelson Fourth of July concerts in the early 1980s. Cornelius' truck stop was also the first to offer BioWillie, the biodiesel fuel marketed by Willie Nelson. The former Willie's Place truck stop was located at Carl's Corner.

Carl Cornelius died September 21, 2021.
Duct ectasia of breast
Duct ectasia of the breast, mammary duct ectasia or plasma cell mastitis is a condition that occurs when a milk duct beneath the nipple widens, the duct walls thicken, and the duct fills with fluid. This is the most common cause of greenish discharge.
Mammary duct ectasia can mimic breast cancer. It is a disorder of peri- or post-menopausal age.

Duct ectasia syndrome is a synonym for nonpuerperal mastitis, but the term has also been occasionally used to describe special cases of fibrocystic diseases or mastalgia or as a wastebasket definition of benign breast disease.

Correlation of duct widening with the "classical" symptoms of duct ectasia syndrome is unclear. However, duct widening was recently very strongly correlated with noncyclic breast pain.

Duct diameter is naturally variable, subject to hormonal interactions. Duct ectasia syndrome in the classical meaning is associated with additional histological changes.

Nipple
The nipple is a raised region of tissue on the surface of the breast from which, in lactating females, milk from the mammary gland leaves the body through the lactiferous ducts to nurse an infant. The milk can flow through the nipple passively, or it can be ejected by smooth muscle contractions that occur along with the ductal system. The nipple is surrounded by the areola, which is often a darker colour than the surrounding skin.

When referring to non-humans, the female nipple is often called a teat. "Nipple" or "teat" can also be used to describe the flexible mouthpiece of a baby bottle. Male mammals also have nipples, but without the same level of function or prominence.

In humans, the nipples of both females and males can be sexually stimulated as part of sexual arousal. In many cultures, female nipples are sexualized, or regarded as sex objects and evaluated in terms of their physical characteristics and sex appeal. As such, there are often mores for their coverage.
The Ruffian on the Stair
The Ruffian on the Stair is a play by British playwright Joe Orton which was first broadcast on BBC Radio in 1964, in a production by John Tydeman. It is an unsympathetic yet comedic one-act portrayal of working class England, as played out by a couple and a mysterious young man who toys with their lives. It was based on The Boy Hairdresser, a novel by Orton and his lover Kenneth Halliwell. The title and play are based on a few lines from poet and dramatist William Ernest Henley: "Madam Life's a piece in bloom, / Death goes dogging everywhere: / She's the tenant of the room, / He's the ruffian on the stair." Ruffian is not as renowned as other works such as Loot and What the Butler Saw, but it is still staged on occasion.

William Ernest Henley
William Ernest Henley (23 August  1849  –  11 July  1903) was an English poet, writer, critic, and editor. Though he wrote several books of poetry, Henley is remembered most often for his 1875 poem "Invictus". A fixture in London literary circles, the one-legged Henley was an inspiration for Robert Louis Stevenson's character Long John Silver (Treasure Island, 1883), while his young daughter Margaret Henley inspired J. M. Barrie's choice of the name Wendy for the heroine of his play Peter Pan (1904).
Helston
Helston (Cornish: Hellys) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated at the northern end of the Lizard Peninsula approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of Penzance and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Falmouth. Helston is the most southerly town on the island of Great Britain and is around 1+1⁄2 miles (2.5 kilometres) farther south than Penzance. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 11,611 and the population of the built up area was 11,360.

The former stannary and cattle market town is best known for the annual Furry Dance (known locally as the Flora Dance), said to originate from the medieval period. However, the Hal-an-Tow is reputed to be of Celtic origin. The associated song and music, The Floral Dance, is known to have been written in 1911. In 2001, the town celebrated the 800th anniversary of the granting of its Charter.

Henry Trengrouse
Henry Trengrouse (18 March 1772 – 14 February 1854) was a British inventor who invented the "Rocket" lifesaving apparatus.

On 24 December 1807 he witnessed the wreck of the frigate Anson in Mount's Bay, when over a hundred people died, and this disaster led him to devote his life and patrimony to the discovery of some means for saving lives at shipwrecks. He spent much labour in attempting to devise a lifeboat, but produced no satisfactory results, and turned his attention to the "Rocket" lifesaving apparatus, an early form of the Breeches buoy. In addition to this, Trengrouse was dismayed at the then common practice of burying victims of shipwrecks in common graves in unconsecrated ground near the site of the wreck, having seen the dead from the Anson buried in the dunes at Loe Bar.  He persuaded his local MP, Davies Gilbert, to work for a change in the law, and from 1808 the practice was abolished.
War Vol. I
War Vol. 1 is an album split between the Finnish symphonic black metal band ...and Oceans and the Norwegian death/black metal band Bloodthorn. The two bands recorded two completely new songs and covered each other's work alongside that of a third band, this time GGFH.

...And Oceans
...And Oceans, previously known as Havoc Unit and Festerday, is a metal band from Finland. It was formed in 1989 as a death metal band, but soon changed its style to symphonic black metal. It released its first album as ...and Oceans in 1998, and in the following years it pursued a less traditional, more industrial-oriented direction.
Riceboy Sleeps (album)
Riceboy Sleeps is the debut studio album by ambient duo Jónsi & Alex, released on 20 July 2009. The album is a collaboration between Sigur Rós vocalist Jón Þór Birgisson and partner Alex Somers which features acoustic instrumental music alongside a string quartet, Amiina, and the Kópavogsdætur Choir.

Jónsi & Alex
Jónsi & Alex is an Icelandic-American artistic collaboration between Jónsi and Alex Somers. They create ambient music as well as visual art. The music tends to be more ethereal and experimental than that of Sigur Rós, Jónsi's primary musical project.
Robert Linn (composer)
Robert Linn (August 11, 1925 – October 28, 1999) was an American composer and an educator at the University of Southern California. His notable students there included Morten Lauridsen, Billy Childs, Donald Crockett, and David Froom.

His works include music for symphony orchestra, wind orchestra, chorus and chamber ensembles. Linn served as the chair of USC's Composition Department for 17 years prior to his retirement in 1990.

Morten Lauridsen
Morten Johannes Lauridsen III (born February 27, 1943) is an American composer and teacher. A National Medal of Arts recipient (2007), he was composer-in-residence of the Los Angeles Master Chorale from 1994 to 2001, and is professor emeritus of composition at the USC Thornton School of Music, where he taught for fifty-two years until his retirement in 2019.
Toledo School of Translators
The Toledo School of Translators (Spanish: Escuela de Traductores de Toledo) is the group of scholars who worked together in the city of Toledo during the 12th and 13th centuries, to translate many of the Islamic philosophy and scientific works from Classical Arabic into Medieval Latin.

The School went through two distinct periods separated by a transitional phase. The first was led by Archbishop Raymond of Toledo in the 12th century, who promoted the translation of philosophical and religious works, mainly from classical Arabic into medieval Latin. Under King Alfonso X of Castile during the 13th century, the translators no longer worked with Latin as the final language, but translated into Old Spanish. This resulted in establishing the foundations of a first standard of the Spanish language, which eventually developed two varieties, one from Toledo and one from Seville.

Dominicus Gundissalinus
Dominicus Gundissalinus, also known as Domingo Gundisalvi or Gundisalvo (c. 1115 – after 1190), was a philosopher and translator of Arabic to Medieval Latin active in Toledo, Spain. Among his translations, Gundissalinus worked on Avicenna's Liber de philosophia prima and De anima, Ibn Gabirol's Fons vitae, and al-Ghazali's Summa theoricae philosophiae, in collaboration with the Jewish philosopher Abraham Ibn Daud and Johannes Hispanus. As a philosopher, Gundissalinus crucially contributed to the Latin assimilation of Arabic philosophy, being the first Latin thinker in receiving and developing doctrines, such as Avicenna's modal ontology or Ibn Gabirol's universal hylomorphism, that would soon be integrated into the thirteenth-century philosophical debate.
Richard Plunz
Richard Plunz is an American architect, critic, and historian. He is professor emeritus of Architecture, Planning and Preservation at the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation at Columbia University in the City of New York. He was the founder and director of the Urban Design Lab, a research unit of Columbia's Earth Institute, where he also served as professor.

Urban Design Lab
The Urban Design Lab (UDL) is an interdisciplinary research unit of Columbia University’s Earth Institute in New York City. Established in 2005, it advances design-based solutions to issues in sustainable development and global urbanization. Richard Plunz, founder of the UDL, currently directs the program.

The UDL brings together academics and professionals in urban design, planning, architecture, business, real estate, climatology, ecology, engineering, humanities, social sciences, and law. It often works with several departments within Columbia University and the Earth Institute. Its external partners include: the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, the Samsung Group, the United Health Foundation, the United Nations Environment Assembly, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and others.
VEF I-17
VEF I-17 was a Latvian trainer aircraft (intended also as a fighter) designed in 1939 by Latvian aircraft designer Kārlis Irbītis. The I-17 was test flown in early 1940 and almost immediately accepted by Latvian Air Force. It was produced by the VEF factory in Riga.

VEF
VEF, Latvian acronym for Valsts elektrotehniskā fabrika (State Electrotechnical Factory), was a manufacturer of electrical and electronic products in Riga, Latvia. It was founded in 1919. Before World War II, it manufactured a large variety of goods, including Minox — then the world's smallest camera. After the war, it was the leading communication technology producer in the Soviet Union and the largest factory in the Latvian SSR.
Poker After Dark
Poker After Dark is an hour-long poker television program that originally aired on NBC, premiering on January 1, 2007. The series was canceled on December 3, 2011, following the "Black Friday" criminal case, which involved major sponsor Full Tilt Poker as one of the defendants. The show rebooted on August 14, 2017, with appearances from Tom Dwan, Daniel Negreanu, Antonio Esfandiari. Poker After Dark episodes are now filmed exclusively at the PokerGO Studio at ARIA Resort and Casino, and distributed on video streaming service PokerGO.

For its first two seasons, both of which originally aired in 2007, the show was presented by Shana Hiatt. The host for season 3 was Marianela Pereyra, and Leeann Tweeden took over starting with season 4. When the series returned on PokerGO in 2017, Drea Renee took over as lead presenter. Veronica Brill was introduced as the sideline reporter during season 12.

All seasons have contained voice-over commentary by Oliver "Ali" Nejad.

Phil Hellmuth
Phillip Jerome Hellmuth Jr. (born July 16, 1964) is an American professional poker player who has won a record seventeen World Series of Poker bracelets, the majority in no-limit hold'em. He is the winner of the Main Event of the 1989 World Series of Poker (WSOP) and the Main Event of the 2012 World Series of Poker Europe (WSOPE), and he is a 2007 inductee of the WSOP's Poker Hall of Fame. He is the only player in poker history to have won a WSOP bracelet in 5 different decades. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest tournament players in history.
Hu Yingzhen
Karen Ying-Chen Hu (Chinese: 胡盈禎; pinyin: Hú Yíngzhēn; Wade–Giles: Hu2 Ying2chen1; born December 9, 1984), also known as Xiao Zhen (Chinese: 小禎), is a Taiwanese actress, model, and host. Her father, Hu Gua, is also a famous host in Taiwan. She is known for her roles in Lucky Days, Boysitter, and The Fierce Wife.

Boysitter
Boysitter (Chinese: 俏摩女搶頭婚; pinyin: Qiào Mó Nǚ Qiǎng Tóu Hūn) is a 2014 Taiwanese romantic-comedy television series created and produced by TVBS. Starring Annie Chen, River Huang, Melvin Sia as the main leads with Nita Lei, Yang Qing and Gao Shan Feng as the main supporting cast. The original title literally translates to "Pretty Woman Grabs First Marriage". Filming began in August 2014 and wrapped up on November 16, 2014. First original broadcast began on December 6, 2014, on both TVBS and CTV, airing every Saturday night at 9:00-10:00 pm.
Gary Holton
Gary Frederick Holton (22 September 1952 – 25 October 1985) was an English singer-songwriter, musician and actor. He was the frontman of the band Heavy Metal Kids (1972–1977), worked with Casino Steel (1981–1984), and played the part of Wayne (a.k.a. London) in the UK television comedy Auf Wiedersehen, Pet (1983–1985). Holton died from an overdose of morphine combined with alcohol in 1985.

Heavy Metal Kids
Heavy Metal Kids are a British rock band formed in London in 1972 by the merger of two previous bands, Heaven and Biggles.  Their music combined hard rock and glam rock influences, and they were known for energetic live performances and frontman Gary Holton’s charisma.

They released several albums during the 1970s, building a small following, despite never achieving commercial success.
Haining West railway station
Hainingxi (Haining West) railway station (simplified Chinese: 海宁西站; traditional Chinese: 海寧西站; pinyin: Hǎiníng xī zhàn) is a railway station on the Shanghai–Hangzhou high-speed railway located in Haining, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China. It opened on 26 October 2010, ushering in the era of high-speed rail in Haining.

Shanghai–Hangzhou high-speed railway
The Shanghai–Hangzhou high-speed railway (Chinese: 沪杭客运专线 or 沪杭高速铁路), also known as the Huhang high-speed railway or Huhang passenger railway is a high-speed rail line in China between Shanghai and Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The line is 202 km (126 mi) in length and designed for commercial train service at 350 km/h (215 mph). It was built in 20 months and opened on October 26, 2010.  The line shortened travel time between the two cities from 78 to 45 minutes. The line is also used by trains departing Shanghai's terminals for Nanchang, Changsha, Guiyang, and Kunming making it part of the Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway. It has made the proposed Shanghai–Hangzhou Maglev Line unlikely.
Trump, Maryland
Trump is an unincorporated community in northern Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It was named after a nineteenth century settler named Simeon O. Van Trump, who ran a grocery store at Old York Road near West Liberty Road.

Baltimore County, Maryland
Baltimore County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Baltimore County partly surrounds but does not include the independent city of Baltimore. It is part of the Northeast megalopolis, which stretches from Northern Virginia in the south to Boston in the north and includes major American population centers, including New York City and Philadelphia. Major economic sectors in the county include education, government, and health care. As of the 2020 census, the population was 854,535. The county is home to several universities, including Goucher College, Stevenson University, Towson University, and University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
Look Heart, No Hands
"Look Heart, No Hands" is a song written by Trey Bruce and former Amazing Rhythm Aces member Russell Smith, and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis.  It was released in November 1992 as the only new single for his  Greatest Hits, Volume Two compilation.  Travis' rendition of the song was a Number One hit for him in early 1993, spending two weeks at the top of the Billboard country singles charts.

Russell Smith (singer)
Howard Russell Smith (June 17, 1949 – July 12, 2019) was an American singer and songwriter. He was the lead singer of the groups The Amazing Rhythm Aces and Run C&W. As a solo artist, he released four studio albums and charted five singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart between 1984 and 1989.
Tobbe Blom
Tobias Peter "Tobbe" Blom (born 28 September 1975) is a Swedish TV host on TV4 and magician. He is well-known under his stage name Tobbe Trollkarl.

Tobbe was the host of Idol 2005 along Johan Wiman and has also done a kids show for morning TV on TV4. In 2007 he danced in the hit show Let's Dance and became first runner up after Martin Lidberg. Tobbe was a judge on the TV4 show Talang in 2007 and 2008, and hosted seasons 2009 – 2011.

He has provided the Swedish-dubbing voice of Spyro for The Legend of Spyro: A New Beginning, The Legend of Spyro: The Eternal Night, and The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon. In 2013, he won the title for Kändishoppet, the Swedish version of the international reality television series Celebrity Splash!.

Talang 2009
Talang 2009 was the third season of the talent show Talang, the Swedish version of Got Talent. Talang 2009 had its premiere on April 3, 2009. The winner of the show was 30-year-old magician Charlie Caper, and 12-year-old piano player David Movsesian came runner-up. This season was hosted by Markoolio and Tobbe Blom, and the judges were: Bert Karlsson, Charlotte Perrelli and Johan Pråmell.
This Is Paradise!
This is Paradise!: My North Korean Childhood is the autobiographical account of Hyok Kang, who describes his childhood in Onsong, North Korea, in the 1980s and 1990s, his escape into China in 1998, his journey through southeast Asia, and his life in South Korea.

The book was originally published in France in 2004, with the title Ici, C'est Le Paradis!: Une enfance en Coree du Nord.

Onsong County
Onsŏng is a county (kun) in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea, located near the border with China.  The administrative center is the town (ŭp) of Onsong.  Onsong is the site of the former Onsong concentration camp, now closed.