hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samura ibn Jundab
Samura ibn Jundab al-Fazārī (Arabic: سمرة بن جندب, his father Jundab's name is also commonly transliterated as Jundub; died 677–679) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who fought at the Battle of Uhud in 627 and later participated in the Muslim conquest of Iran in the 630s–640s. In 670–673 he served as the lieutenant governor of Basra under Ziyad ibn Abihi, the supreme governor of Iraq and the eastern Umayyad Caliphate. During his deputy rule over Basra, he is held by the Islamic traditional sources to have ordered wide-scale executions of Kharijites in his jurisdiction. He remained governor of Basra under the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680) for six to eighteen months after Ziyad's death in August/September 673 until the Caliph replaced him.

Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia or Arab conquest of Iran occurred between 633 and 651, when the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sasanian Empire as part of the early Muslim conquests, which began under Muhammad in 622.
Bryconops sapezal
Bryconops sapezal is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Iguanodectidae. This species is found in the Rio Tapajós basin of Brazil. It is one of the more recent additions to its genus, described in 2018, and has a name that means "covered in sapê", or thatching. This originates from the Sapezal municipality of Mato Grosso, Brazil, which is type locality of B. sapezal.

Tapajós
The Tapajós (Portuguese: Rio Tapajós [ˈhi.u tapaˈʒɔs]) is a river in Brazil. It runs through the Amazon rainforest and is a major tributary of the Amazon River. When combined with the Juruena River, the Tapajós is approximately 2,080 km (1,290 mi) long. Prior to a drastic increase in illegal gold mining and consequent soil erosion it was one of the largest clearwater rivers and currently is an anthropogenic whitewater river, accounting for about 6% of the water in the Amazon basin.
Sunette Loubser
Sunette Loubser (born 26 September 1982) is a South African former cricketer who played primarily as a right-arm off break bowler. She appeared in two Test matches, 60 One Day Internationals (ODIs) and 43 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is) for South Africa between 2007 and 2014, including captaining the side in 2009. At the time of her retirement she was South Africa's leading wicket-taker in ODIs. She played domestic cricket for Boland.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
John Hadl
John Willard Hadl (Pronounced: HAY-dull) (February 15, 1940 – November 30, 2022) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback for 16 years in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). He won an AFL championship with the San Diego Chargers in 1963. Hadl was named an AFL All-Star four times and was selected to two Pro Bowls. He was inducted into the Chargers Hall of Fame.

Hadl played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks. A two-time All-American, he was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame. Hadl played in three AFL title games with San Diego before the league's merger with the NFL. He finished his career with the Los Angeles Rams, the Green Bay Packers and the Houston Oilers. He also played as a punter for five seasons.

American Football League All-Star game
The American Football League All-Star game was the annual game which featured each year's best performers in the American Football League (AFL). The game was first played in 1961 and the final AFL All-Star game occurred in 1969, prior to the league's merger with the National Football League (NFL).
Outline of the Czechoslovak People's Army at the end of the Cold War
The following is a hierarchical outline of the Czechoslovak People's Army at the end of the Cold War. It is intended to convey the connections and relationships between units and formations. At the end of the Cold War in 1989 the Czechoslovak People's Army structure was as follows.

The details are based on the Czech Ministerstvo narodni obrany website, which lists all units of the Czechoslovak People's Army in existence between 1950 and 1990, with their location, subordination, equipment and changes over time.

Czechoslovak People's Army
The Czechoslovak People's Army (Czech: Československá lidová armáda, Slovak: Československá ľudová armáda, ČSLA) was the armed forces of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic from 1954 until 1989. From 1955 it was a member force of the Warsaw Pact. On 14 March 1990 the Army's name was officially reverted to the Czechoslovak Army removing the adjective "People's" from the name. The Czechoslovak Army was split into the Czech Armed Forces and the Slovak Armed Forces after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 1 January 1993.
Xanthan gum
Xanthan gum (/ˈzænθən/) is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating. It can be produced from simple sugars by fermentation and derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
New Picnic Time
New Picnic Time is the third album by the American rock band Pere Ubu. It was released in September 1979 by Chrysalis Records. The album was reissued in 1989 on CD by Rough Trade Records, in 1999 on CD by Thirsty Ear Records, in 2008 on CD on Cooking Vinyl, and in 2017 on vinyl and CD by Fire Records.

Chrysalis Records
Chrysalis Records (/ˈkrɪsəlɪs/) is a British independent record label that was founded in 1968. The name is both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders' names, Chris Wright and Terry Ellis. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency.
John Ferguson Rehill
John Ferguson Rehill (14 July 1868 - 1946) was a British superindendent of police in Punjab, India, known for escorting Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew to Dharamshala on 10 April 1919, and Reginald Dyer to Jallianwalla Bagh three days later. There, he became eyewitness to the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre, though claimed he saw nothing.

Saifuddin Kitchlew
Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew (15 January 1888 – 9 October 1963) was an Indian independence activist, barrister, politician and later a leader of the peace movement. A member of Indian National Congress, he first became Punjab Provincial Congress Committee (Punjab PCC) head and later the General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee in 1924. He is most remembered for the protests in Punjab after the implementation of Rowlatt Act in March 1919, after which on 10 April, he and another leader Satyapal, were secretly sent to Dharamsala. A public protest rally against their arrest and that of Gandhi, on 13 April 1919 at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, led to the infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre. He was also a founding member of Jamia Millia Islamia. He was awarded the Stalin Peace Prize (now known as Lenin Peace Prize) in 1952.
Shynola
Shynola are a London-based directing team who have worked across live-action and animation for over twenty years. Chris Harding, Richard Kenworthy, Jason Groves and the late Gideon Baws formed Shynola while they were at art college in the late 1990s.

Their music video work includes musical artists such as Junior Senior, Radiohead, Beck, Blur, Coldplay, ABBA and Queens of the Stone Age, along advertisements for brands like Nike, Audi, PlayStation and Maserati. They also created title sequences for series and films: The IT Crowd, The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, Mandy, and Netflix’s GLOW.

Their awards include a British Independent Film Award and three times Emmy nominations, with wins at Edinburgh International Film Festival, D&AD awards and UK Music Video Awards.

In 2008, founding member Gideon Baws died at age 33.

UK Music Video Awards
The UK Music Video Awards is an annual celebration of creativity, technical excellence and innovation in music video and moving image for music. The awards began in 2008. There is a wide range of opportunities for UK individuals and companies to enter their work: from genre-led video categories, to prizes for individuals in the technical and craft areas of the business, to recognition for innovative approaches to music videos, ads and other visuals. There are also awards for international videos and outstanding individuals, voted for by the MVA jury members. The Awards take place in the autumn, with the entry process opening in early August. The UK MVA’s are originally the key members of the team behind BUG, the BFI Southbank’s music video strand, and have 20 years’ experience running events in the UK music video business.
Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust
The Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust  (SSSCT), is a registered public charitable trust founded in 1972 by Sri Sathya Sai Baba. Its humanitarian work includes drinking water projects,  healthcare and education.

Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences (SSSIHMS) in Puttaparthi, inaugurated in November 1991 by the then prime minister of India, P. V. Narasimha Rao, is one of the famous hospitals set up by SSSCT.

In 2020,The Sathya Sai central trust granted Special Consultative status by United Nations Economic and Social Council. In November 2021, the SSSCT was confererred with the YSR Lifetime Achievement Award, by the Andhra Pradesh government for outstanding contribution to public service.

Puttaparthi
Puttaparthi (IAST: Puṭṭaparthy) is a municipality and district headquarters of Sri Sathya Sai district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Puttaparthi mandal of Puttaparthi revenue division. The original name of Puttaparthi was Gollapalli. The town is located on the banks of Chitravathi River which is a tributary of Penna River, and is surrounded by undulating hills. It is widely known for the birthplace and deathplace of the Indian spiritual leader and guru Sathya Sai Baba and his ashram, Prasanthi Nilayam.
Henry Jones Underwood
Henry Jones Underwood (1804–1852) was an  English architect who spent most of his career in Oxford. He was the brother of the architects Charles Underwood (circa 1791–1883) and George Allen Underwood (dates unknown).

Underwood trained in London as a pupil of Henry Hake Seward and then joined the office of Sir Robert Smirke. In 1830 he moved to Oxford where much of his work involved designing churches or schools. He built Saint Paul's parish church, Walton Street, and the library of the Oxford Botanic Garden in the Greek Revival style but is best known for his Gothic Revival architecture. His church at Littlemore for Newman became a model for other churches.

Underwood designed an extension to Oxford Prison. In 1852 he committed suicide at the White Hart Hotel, Bath, Somerset so J. C. Buckler completed the extension in his stead.

University of Oxford Botanic Garden
The University of Oxford Botanic Garden is the oldest botanic garden in Great Britain and one of the oldest scientific gardens in the world. The garden was founded in 1621 as a physic garden growing plants for medicinal research. Today it contains over 5,000 different plant species on 1.8 ha (4+1⁄2 acres). It is one of the most diverse yet compact collections of plants in the world and includes representatives from over 90% of the higher plant families.

Professor Simon Hiscock became Director of Oxford Botanic Garden in 2015.
Etomami Lake
Etomami Lake is a bifurcating lake in the east-central part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The lake is in a glacier-carved valley in the Porcupine Hills within the Rural Municipality of Preeceville No. 334. It is the headwaters for both the Etomami and the Lilian Rivers. Henry Kelsey of the Hudson's Bay Company travelled past the lake in 1691 when he went from the Etomami River system to the Lilian.

Etomami is Cree for "where 3 rivers join" which is in reference to where the three rivers of Etomami, Red Deer, and Fir meet near the town of Hudson Bay.

Red Deer River (Manitoba)
Red Deer River is a river in the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba. It has its source at Nut Lake in east central Saskatchewan and from there, it flows east towards Manitoba where it empties into Dawson Bay of Lake Winnipegosis. To the north of Red Deer's basin is the Saskatchewan River, to the south-west is the upper Assiniboine River, and to the south-east is Swan River.
Canadian Association of Research Libraries
The Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) was established in 1976 and brings together thirty-one research libraries. Twenty-nine members are university libraries, plus Library and Archives Canada (LAC) and the National Research Council Canada National Science Library (NSL).

Library and Archives Canada
Library and Archives Canada (LAC; French: Bibliothèque et Archives Canada) is the federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving, and providing accessibility to the documentary heritage of Canada. The national archive and library is the 16th largest library in the world. The LAC reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Identity and Culture.

LAC traces its origins to the Dominion Archives, formed in 1872, and the National Library of Canada, formed in 1953. The former was later renamed as the Public Archives of Canada in 1912, and the National Archives of Canada in 1987. In 2004, the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada were merged to form Library and Archives Canada.
Zoagli
Zoagli (Ligurian: Zoagi) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Genoa.  Zoagli is a popular destination during all seasons of the year by tourists from all over the world.  It is located in the Gulf of Tigullio section of the Italian Riviera, between Chiavari and Rapallo.

The municipality is also known for its silk fabrics exported around the world and its cliff paths (creuze and mule tracks) that run along the Mediterranean Sea connecting Zoagli to its nearby villages: San Pietro di Rovereto, San Pantaleo, Semorile, St. Ambrose, and St. Martin.  A bronze sculpture named the Madonna del Mare sits 2.7 metres (9 ft) underwater in front of the promenade in honor of a diving event held each year.

Rapallo
Rapallo (US: /rəˈpɑːloʊ/ rə-PAH-loh, Italian: [raˈpallo], Ligurian: [ɾaˈpalːu]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa, in the region of Liguria in Italy. As of 2025, with a population 29,513, it is the 2nd-largest municipality in the metropolitan city.

It lies on the Ligurian Sea coast, on the Tigullio Gulf, between Portofino and Chiavari, 25 kilometers east-south east of Genoa itself.

The Parco Naturale Regionale di Portofino, encompassing the territory of six Ligurian communes, includes the Rapallo area.
Marylebone Studios
Marylebone Studios was a British film studio in London. Established in the late 1930s, it had two stages in a converted church hall near the Edgware Road. The studio worked with Hammer Films on films, including the adaptations of the Dick Barton radio show. Production on additional films in the series ceased after the star was killed in a crash. Henry Halsted was the studio's owner and production supervisor. The studio eventually moved into advertisements and documentaries.

The Bespoke Overcoat (1956), which was filmed at the studio, won an Academy Award at the 29th Academy Awards for Best Short Subject (Two-Reel).

Nicolas Roeg began his film career at Marylebone Studios as a tea boy before moving up to clapper-loader.

The Bespoke Overcoat
The Bespoke Overcoat is a 1956 British black and white short film directed by Jack Clayton, based on a 1953 play of the same name by Wolf Mankowitz. The story is an adaptation of Nikolai Gogol's short story The Overcoat with the action moved from Russia to the East End of London. In this version the protagonists are poor Jews working in the clothing trade, played by Alfie Bass and David Kossoff. It won an Oscar at the 29th Academy Awards in 1957 for Best Short Subject (Two-Reel).
Nico Beyer
Nico Beyer (born 15 June 1964) is a German film director and producer. He is noted for his unique visual style and wide array of different techniques and formats.

His commercial work has won him numerous, international awards, such as gold and silver Lions in Cannes, Clio Awards, Cresta International Advertising Awards, ADC, LIA, CICLOPE, D&AD, New York Festivals, Eurobest, Red Dot Awards, among many others.

Beyer is well known for his video collaborations with the Pet Shop Boys, The Verve, They Might Be Giants and Suzanne Vega, as well as for his award-winning advertising campaigns.

New York Festivals
New York Festivals are a collection of related annual arts and media awards based in New York City. The awards include the New York Festivals Advertising Awards, "Advertising and Marketing Effectiveness" AME Awards, Bowery Awards, Global Awards, Radio Awards, TV & Film Awards and MIDAS Awards. They were established in 1957.
Mike Sherman
Michael Francis Sherman (born December 19, 1954) is an American football coach and former player. He was the head coach of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 2000 to 2005. Sherman led the Packers to five consecutive winning seasons from 2000 to 2004 and three divisional titles in 2002, 2003, and 2004, but never advanced past the divisional round of the playoffs. He was also the head football coach at Texas A&M University from 2008 to 2011. He has also been a coach in the NFL for the Seattle Seahawks, Houston Texans and Miami Dolphins. Before he started coaching in the NFL, he served as an assistant coach at five different colleges, including Texas A&M, where he coached the offensive line for seven seasons. He is one of only a few coaches that has been a head coach at the high school, college, CFL and NFL levels.

NFC North
The National Football Conference – Northern Division or NFC North is one of the four divisions of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). Nicknamed the "Black and Blue Division" for the rough and tough rivalry games between the teams, it currently has four members: the Chicago Bears, Detroit Lions, Green Bay Packers, and Minnesota Vikings, with the latter three based within most definitions of the Upper Midwest.
Victoria station (British Columbia)
Victoria station was a railway station in Victoria, British Columbia, on the east end of the Johnson Street Bridge.  The station opened in 1888, and was the southern terminus for Via Rail's Dayliner service which operated until 2011. The station closed on August 12, 2011.

Johnson Street Bridge
The Johnson Street Bridge is a bascule bridge spanning the Victoria Harbour in Victoria, British Columbia. Four known bridges have spanned the narrows between Victoria's Inner Harbour and Upper Harbour, connecting Johnson Street on the east shore with Esquimalt Road on the west shore. The current bridge is Canada's largest single-leaf bascule bridge. It carries three vehicular traffic lanes, with a pedestrian walkway on its south side, and a multi-use pathway on its north side. The bridge is lit with blue LED lighting as a homage to its predecessor, which was referred to as the "Blue Bridge".  It is one of only two road drawbridges on Vancouver Island, the other being the 17th Street Bridge in Courtenay.
Constant of integration
In calculus, the constant of integration, often denoted by  (or ), is a constant term added to an antiderivative of a function  to indicate that the indefinite integral of  (i.e., the set of all antiderivatives of ), on a connected domain, is only defined up to an additive constant. This constant expresses an ambiguity inherent in the construction of antiderivatives.

More specifically, if a function  is defined on an interval, and  is an antiderivative of  then the set of all antiderivatives of  is given by the functions  where  is an arbitrary constant (meaning that any value of  would make  a valid antiderivative). For that reason, the indefinite integral is often written as  although the constant of integration might be sometimes omitted in lists of integrals for simplicity.

Connected space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that distinguish topological spaces.

A subset of a topological space  is a connected set if it is a connected space when viewed as a subspace of .

Some related but stronger conditions are path connected, simply connected, and -connected. Another related notion is locally connected, which neither implies nor follows from connectedness.
Vijay Yesudas
Vijay Yesudas (born 23 March 1979) is an Indian playback singer, actor, and composer. He has sung over 1000 film songs. Vijay works predominantly in the South Indian film industry, mostly in Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Hindi. He is the son of acclaimed singer K. J. Yesudas.

Vijay made his debut as a singer with the 2000 Malayalam film Millennium Stars, which had music composed by Vidyasagar. Vijay Yesudas won three Kerala State Film Awards for Best Singer for the songs "Kolakkuzhal Vili Ketto" in Nivedyam (2007), "Akaleyo Nee" in Grandmaster and "Mazhakondu Mathram" in Spirit (2012), and "Poomuthole" in Joseph (2018). He has also won five Filmfare Awards for Best Singer and four SIIMA Awards for Best Male Playback Singer. He made a foray into acting by playing the villain role in the Tamil film Maari (2015) and the lead role in the Tamil film Padaiveeran (2018).

Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer
The Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer is an honour, established in 1969, and presented annually at the Kerala State Film Awards of India for best female and male playback singer in Malayalam cinema. The first recipients of the award were P. Leela and K. J. Yesudas. K. J. Yesudas has been the winner with 25 wins, followed by K. S. Chithra with 16 and S. Janaki with 11 awards.K. S. Chithra won the award for 11 successive years (1985–1996) that is the most times ever