hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2009 Workington floods
During the twenty-four hours before Friday 20 November 2009, rainfall of over 300 mm (12 in) was recorded in Cumbria. Flooding along the Borrowdale and Derwent Valley meant that some areas were up to 8 feet (2.4 m) deep in water. The surge of water off the fells of the Lake District which flowed into Workington down the River Derwent washed away a road bridge and a footbridge. PC Bill Barker was killed when Northside Bridge collapsed. The cemetery at Camerton, historically the burial ground for the community of Seaton, was badly damaged with many gravestones being damaged or upturned.

Shortly after the town was divided, Network Rail announced the construction of a new railway station, Workington North railway station, to be completed within a week on land owned by the local council, to enable access across the river for residents.

Barker Crossing
Barker Crossing was a pedestrian footbridge in Workington, Cumbria, England that crossed the River Derwent, and linked the north and south sides of the town. Army engineers built it in November 2009 after flooding put the town's bridges out of use, and removed it in February 2011. The bridge was named after police officer Bill Barker, who died when the Northside Bridge in Workington collapsed below him.
Ti'inik
Ti'inik, also transliterated Ti’innik (Arabic: تعنّك), or Ta'anakh/Taanach (Hebrew: תַּעְנַךְ), is a Palestinian village, located 13 km northwest of the city of Jenin in the northern West Bank.

The village is located on the slopes of an archaeological tell identified with the biblical city of Ta'anach, which has seen intermittent habitation spanning 5000 years.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 1,095 inhabitants in mid-year 2006.

Jenin
32°27′40″N 35°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿32.46111°N 35.30000°E﻿ / 32.46111; 35.30000

Jenin (/ʒɪˈniːn/ zhin-EEN; Arabic: جنين, romanized: Jinīn, locally pronounced [ʒɪˈniːn] ⓘ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and is the capital of the Jenin Governorate. It is a hub for the surrounding towns. Jenin came under Israeli occupation in 1967, and was put under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority as Area A of the West Bank, a Palestinian enclave, in 1995.

The city had a population of approximately 50,000 people in 2017, whilst the Jenin refugee camp had a population of about 10,000, housing families of Palestinians who fled or were expelled from their homes during the 1948 Palestine War. The camp has since become a stronghold of Palestinian militants, being the location of several incidents relating to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Produsage
Produsage is a portmanteau of the words production and usage, coined by German-Australian media scholar Axel Bruns and popularized in his book Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. Produsage is the type of user-led content creation that takes place in a variety of online environments, open source software, and the blogosphere. The concept blurs the boundaries between passive consumption and active production. The distinction between producers and consumers or users of  content has faded, as users play the role of producers whether they are aware of this role or not. The hybrid term produser refers to an individual who is engaged in the activity of produsage. This concept is similar and related to commons-based peer production, a term coined by Yochai Benkler.

Commons-based peer production
Commons-based peer production (CBPP) is a term coined by Harvard Law School professor Yochai Benkler. It describes a model of socio-economic production in which large numbers of people work cooperatively; usually over the Internet. Commons-based projects generally have less rigid hierarchical structures than those under more traditional business models.

One of the major characteristics of the commons-based peer production is its non-profit scope.: 43  Often—but not always—commons-based projects are designed without a need for financial compensation for contributors. For example, sharing of STL (file format) design files for objects freely on the internet enables anyone with a 3-D printer to digitally replicate the object, saving the prosumer significant money.

Synonymous terms for this process include consumer co-production and collaborative media production.: 63
Trinamool Student Congress
Trinamool Chhatra Parishad (abbreviated TMCP, WBTMCP or West Bengal Trinamool Chhatra Parishad) popularly known as or "TMCP" is the student wing of All India Trinamool Congress. It was formed in 1998 after the formation of Trinamool Congress, splitting from Congress.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Hataitai
Hataitai is an inner-city suburb of Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, 3.5 kilometres southeast of the city centre.  The suburb extends over the southeastern flank of Mount Victoria and down a valley between the Town Belt and a ridge along the shoreline of Evans Bay. Hataitai is bounded by Hepara Street, Grafton Road and the suburb of Roseneath in the north, Wellington Harbour in the east, Cobham Drive, Wellington Road and Crawford Road in the south, and Alexandra Road in the west.

Hataitai is on important transport links between the central city and Wellington Airport, to the south of Evans Bay on the isthmus at Rongotai. It is at the eastern end of the Mount Victoria Tunnel and the bus-only Hataitai Tunnel, built in 1907 for trams, making Hataitai a popular place to live.

Rongotai
Rongotai is a suburb of Wellington, New Zealand, located southeast of the city centre. It is on the Rongotai isthmus, between the Miramar Peninsula and the suburbs of Kilbirnie and Lyall Bay. It is known mostly for being the location of the Wellington International Airport. It is roughly in the centre of the Rongotai electorate, which is much bigger than the suburb.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "sound of the sea" for Rongotai.
Chaba River (Canada)
The Chaba River is a short river in western Alberta, Canada. It flows from the Canadian Rockies, and joins the Athabasca River.

The Chaba River is a major tributary of the Athabasca.  The Chaba is fed by the glacial melt originating in the Chaba Icefield, comprising Chaba Peak, as well as Listening and Sundial Peaks.  A small glacier on Mount Quincy also contributes to the Chaba. The river was given its name by A. P. Coleman, a geologist born in Eastern Canada in 1852.  He stated there "were endless beaver dams and trees" along the river, and named it after the Stoney Indian word for beavers."

Athabasca River
The Athabasca River (French: Rivière Athabasca) in Alberta, Canada, originates at the Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Park and flows more than 1,231 km (765 mi) before emptying into Lake Athabasca. Much of the land along its banks is protected in national and provincial parks, and the river is designated a Canadian heritage river for its historical and cultural importance. The scenic Athabasca Falls is located about 30 km (19 mi) upstream from Jasper.
Primm 300
Terrible's SCORE Primm 300 is an off-road race that takes place yearly in Primm, Nevada in September. The Primm 300 is part of a series of races that include the Baja 1000, Baja 500 and San Felipe 250.  The event includes various types of vehicle classes such as stock VW, production vehicles, buggies, trucks, and custom fabricated race vehicles.  The race consists of 4 loops on a 69 mile course on the east side of Interstate 15 near the Nevada-California state line.  The main pits and start/finish area are just north of Buffalo Bills Resort.  Due to environmental concerns chasing is not allowed, pits are permitted only in designated locations, spectator access is limited but available.

San Felipe 250
The SCORE San Felipe 250 is a 250-mile Mexican off-road motorsport race that takes place near San Felipe on the Baja California Peninsula. It was first held in 1982 and is sanctioned by SCORE International.

The 2016 edition was the 30th anniversary of the race, occurring from February 25–28 in a loop format. The 2016 SCORE San Felipe 250 was the first round of a four-race series, including the SCORE Desert Challenge, the SCORE Baja 500 & the SCORE Baja 1000. The event included various types of vehicle classes such as small and large bore motorcycles, stock VW, production vehicles, buggies, trucks, and custom fabricated race vehicles. The course has remained relatively the same over the years with the majority of events being a loop race starting and finishing in San Felipe, Baja California.
Duchy of Gniewkowo
The Duchy of Gniewkowo was a district principality and a fiefdom within the Kingdom of Poland during the era of fragmentation that was formed in 1314 from part of the Duchy of Inowrocław. The country was located in the Kuyavia and consisted of Gniewkowo and Słońsk Lands. Its capital was Gniewkowo and other important settlements were Szarlej, Złotoria and Słońsk. It was ruled by Kazimierz III of Gniewkowo and later his son, Władysław the White, from the Piast dynasty. In 1332 the duchy was conquered by the State of the Teutonic Order and was reestablished in 1343. Between 1363 and 1364, the duchy was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland. Duke of Gniewkowo, Władysław the White, had later briefly re-established the duchy in the rebellion fought between 1373 and 1374 and later between 1375 and 1377, and eventually given up his claims to the land in 1377.

Duchy of Inowrocław
The Duchy of Inowrocław (Polish: Księstwo Inowrocławskie) was one of the territories created during the period of the fragmentation of Poland. It was originally part of the Duchy of Kuyavia, but was separated by Ziemomysł and Władysław I the Elbow-high, upon the death of Duke Casimir I in 1267.

The Inowrocław Voivodeship was established on the territory of duchy in 1364.
Guwahati–Dekargaon Intercity Express
Guwahati–Dekargaon Intercity Express is an intercity train belonging to Northeast Frontier Railway zone that runs between Guwahati and Dekargaon. It is currently being operated with 15815/15816 train numbers on a daily basis.

Dekargaon railway station
Dekargaon Railway Station is a railway station located in Sonitpur district of Assam, India.

It is about 10 km (6.2 mi) away from the Tezpur city of Sonitpur district of Assam and about 1 km away from Tezpur Airport. The railway station was opened on 4 January 2014. It provides connectivity from Tezpur town to the rest of India.
Opella
Opella Healthcare Group S.A.S., doing business as Opella, and formerly Sanofi Consumer Healthcare (CHC), is a French multinational pharmaceutical company specializing in consumer healthcare products. Opella's activities include dietary supplements and over-the-counter medicines such as Mucosolvan (Ambroxol), Allegra (Fexofenadine), and the French brand Doliprane (paracetamol).

Until 2024, Opella was wholly owned by French pharmaceutical company Sanofi, at which point it sold 50% of the subsidiary to US private equity fund CD&R. Sanofi retains 48.2% of Opella, while France's public investment bank, Bpifrance, has acquired 1.8%.

In the US, Sanofi Consumer Healthcare, then Opella, owns 100% of Chattem, Inc., doing business as Sanofi Consumer Health North America, then Opella North America.

Fexofenadine
Fexofenadine, sold under the brand name Allegra among others, is an antihistamine medication used in the treatment of allergy symptoms such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.

Therapeutically, fexofenadine is a selective peripheral H1 blocker. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass the blood–brain barrier and cause sedation, compared to first-generation antihistamines.

It was patented in 1979 and came into medical use in 1996. Fexofenadine is a therapeutic alternative on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Fexofenadine has been manufactured in generic form since 2011. In 2023, it was the 219th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
Raillardella
Raillardella is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae.

The genus is native to the western United States (Oregon, California, and Nevada).

Species

Raillardella argentea -  California, Oregon, western Nevada

Raillardella pringlei -  California (Trinity + Siskiyou Cos)

Raillardella scaposa - California, Oregon, western Nevada

Formerly included

See Anisocarpus, Arnica, Carlquistia.

Raillardella muirii - Carlquistia muirii

Raillardella paniculata - Arnica viscosa

Raillardella scabrida - Anisocarpus scabridus

Carlquistia
Carlquistia is a rare North American genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae containing the single species Carlquistia muirii. Formerly named Raillardiopsis muirii, the plant was reexamined in the 1990s and moved to a new genus of its own, separate from similar and closely related genera, such as Madia.  Common names for the species include Muir's tarplant, Muir's raillardiopsis, and Muir's raillardella.

This plant is related to the silversword alliance of Hawaiian plants.

The genus was named for the American botanist Sherwin Carlquist (1930–2021). The specific epithet "muirii" honors Scottish-American naturalist, John Muir (1838–1914).
Aregen
Aregen is a tabia or municipality in the Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The tabia centre is in Addi Gotet village, located approximately 11 km (6.8 mi) to the west-southwest of the woreda town Hagere Selam.

Hagere Selam (Degua Tembien)
Hagere Selam (Tigrinya: ሃገረ ሰላም) is a town in northern Ethiopia. Located on the Mekelle-Abiy Addi regional road, it is located at an elevation of 2650 metres above sea level. The town is the administrative center of the Dogu'a Tembien woreda. The weekly market is on Saturdays.

Hagere Selam is located on the saddle point between two of the higher points in Tigray (Imba Zuw'ala and Tsatsen). The regional road from Mekelle to Abiy Addi climbs towards Hagere Selam, before going down to the Abergele lowlands. The area is categorized as highland or dega. The local economy is dependent on trading, agriculture, with barley being the main crop grown in the area, and on milk production and apiculture.
University for Development Studies
The University for Development Studies popularly known as UDS, was established in 1992 as a multi-campus higher education institution with its central administration at Tamale. It is the fifth public university to be established in Ghana. This deviates from the usual practice of having universities with central campuses and administrations. It was created with the four northern regions of the country in mind. These are the Brong Ahafo Region, Northern Region, Upper East Region and the Upper West Region. The Wa and Navrongo campuses were later converted into autonomous Universities.

Northern Region (Ghana)
The Northern Region is one of the sixteen regions of Ghana. It is situated in the northern part of the country and ranks as the second largest of the sixteen regions. Before its division, it covered an area of 25,000 square kilometres, representing 10 percent of Ghana's area. In December 2018, the Savannah Region and North East Region were created from it.  The Northern Region is divided into 16 districts. The region's capital is Tamale,  Ghana's third-largest city.
Fauresmith (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Fauresmith, known as Fauresmith-Boshof between 1953 and 1966, was a constituency in the Orange Free State Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994. Named after the town of Fauresmith, the seat covered a large rural area in the west of the province, bordering the Cape Province. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly.

Orange Free State (province)
The Province of the Orange Free State (Afrikaans: Provinsie Oranje-Vrystaat), commonly referred to as the Orange Free State (Afrikaans: Oranje-Vrystaat), Free State (Afrikaans: Vrystaat) or by its abbreviation OFS, was one of the four provinces of South Africa from 1910 to 1994. After 27 April 1994 it was dissolved following the first non-racial election in South Africa. It is now called the Free State Province.

Its predecessor was the Orange River Colony which in 1902 had replaced the Orange Free State, a Boer republic.

Its outside borders were the same as those of the modern Free State Province; except for the bantustans ("homelands") of QwaQwa and one part of Bophuthatswana, which were contained on land inside of the provincial Orange Free State borders.
Cătălin Predoiu
Cătălin Marian Predoiu (Romanian pronunciation: [kətəˈlin preˈdoju]; born 27 August 1968) is a Romanian politician and lawyer who served as the interim prime minister of Romania from 6 May 2025 to 23 June 2025, following the resignation of Marcel Ciolacu; from 12 June to 15 June 2023, following the resignation of Nicolae Ciucă; and from 6 February to 9 February 2012, following the resignation of Emil Boc.

He had previously been the Minister of Justice three times from 2008 to 2012, 2019 to 2020, and from 2021 to 2023.

Emil Boc
Emil Boc (Romanian pronunciation: [eˈmil ˈbok]; born 6 September 1966) is a Romanian politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from 22 December 2008 until 6 February 2012 and is the current mayor of Cluj-Napoca, the largest city of Transylvania, where he was first elected in July 2004. Boc was also the president of the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL), which proposed and supported him as Prime Minister in late 2008, from December 2004 until July 2012.

On 13 October 2009, his cabinet fell after losing a motion of no confidence in Parliament. He was acting as the head of acting cabinet until a new prime minister and cabinet were confirmed by Parliament. On 17 December 2009, President Traian Băsescu designated him again to form a new government, receiving afterwards the vote of confidence from the Parliament.
Ogi (singer)
Ogi Ifediora, better known by her stage name Ogi, is an American musician of Nigerian descent. rhythm and blues singer. She is most noted for covering PJ Morton's song Alright, and her 2021 single I Got It which was produced by American Grammy award-winning producer No I.D.

PJ Morton
P.J. Morton (born Paul Sylvester Morton Jr.; March 29, 1981) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. In 2010, he joined pop rock band Maroon 5, as a touring member and became an official member after Jesse Carmichael went on a brief hiatus in 2012. During this period, Morton signed with Young Money to release his debut major-label studio album, New Orleans (2013), and later self-released Gumbo, which earned him two Grammy Award nominations for Best R&B Album and Best R&B Song at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards. Since then he has received six Grammy Awards.

Outside of music, Morton stated in 2019 that he would begin a project to restore the New Orleans home of jazz pioneer Buddy Bolden and create a museum and community space at the site. Bolden's former home has been owned by Morton's father's church for more than a decade, and had been cited for demolition by neglect.
2025 Kings World Cup Clubs
The 2025 Kings World Cup Clubs (formerly the Kings World Cup, renamed to distinguish from the Kings World Cup Nations) was an international seven-a-side football tournament based on the Kings League format. 32 teams took part. Spain's Porcinos FC automatically qualified as the defending world champions, having won the inaugural tournament in 2024.

In March 2025, France was announced as the tournament's host nation, coinciding with the launch of the Kings League France. The World Cup took place from 1 to 14 June 2025.

On 1 May 2025, the Paris La Défense Arena was announced as the site of the finals.

2025 Kings World Cup Nations
The 2025 Kings World Cup Nations was an international seven-a-side football tournament based on the Kings League format created by Gerard Piqué and Ibai Llanos. Unlike the Kings World Cup launched in 2024, which is a club competition, this tournament saw players from the different versions of the Kings League forming teams to represent their respective nations, similar to the FIFA World Cup.
Edmonton annexations
The City of Edmonton has experienced a series of municipal boundary adjustments over its history since originally incorporating as a town in 1892 through incorporation as a city, amalgamation or annexation of other urban municipalities, annexation of rural lands from its surrounding neighbours, and separation of lands back to its rural neighbours. Its most recent annexations, which came into effect on January 1, 2019, involved acquisition of lands from predominantly Leduc County as well as Beaumont and Sturgeon County.

Sturgeon County
Sturgeon County is a municipal district in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region of Alberta, Canada. It is north of Edmonton and west of the North Saskatchewan River. Sturgeon County is located in Division No. 11 and was named for the Sturgeon River.
Theistic finitism
Theistic finitism, also known as finitistic theism or finite godism, is the belief in a deity that is limited. It has been proposed by some philosophers and theologians to solve the problem of evil. Most finitists accept the absolute goodness of God but reject omnipotence.

Omnipotence
Omnipotence is the property of possessing maximal power. Monotheistic religions generally attribute omnipotence only to the deity of their faith. In the monotheistic religious philosophy of Abrahamic religions, omnipotence is often listed as one of God's characteristics, along with omniscience, omnipresence, and omnibenevolence.
Uranium pentafluoride
Uranium pentafluoride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula UF5.  It is a pale yellow paramagnetic solid.  The compound has attracted interest because it is related to uranium hexafluoride, which is widely used to produce uranium fuel. It crystallizes in two polymorphs, called α- and β-UF5.

Uranium hexafluoride
Uranium hexafluoride, sometimes called hex, is the inorganic compound with the formula UF6. Uranium hexafluoride is a volatile, white solid that is used in enriching uranium for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.
Middlesex and Monmouth Turnpike
Middlesex and Monmouth Turnpike was the name of two turnpikes chartered in New Jersey.

The first, chartered on March 13, 1863, was to run from the crossing of the Camden and Amboy Rail Road at Old Bridge to the Monmouth County Plank Road at Matawan. After the turnpike ceased operation, much of this route would later become a part of County Route 516.

The second was chartered on March 4, 1868, and was to run from the road "from Mount's Mills to Old Bridge" (present-day County Route 527) to the Monmouth County Plank Road at Matawan. Much of this route consisted of present-day Texas Road. This turnpike was never constructed.

Monmouth County Plank Road
The Monmouth County Plank Road was a plank road in New Jersey, running north from Freehold to Keyport by way of Matawan. Its path is now roughly followed by New Jersey Route 79.

The Monmouth County Plank Road was chartered February 20, 1850 to run from Freehold to Keyport.