hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naugatuck Valley League (baseball)
The Naugatuck Valley League was a minor league baseball league that played in the 1896 season. The Non-Signatory Independent level league consisted of franchises based exclusively in Connecticut. The six–team league evolved into the 1897 Connecticut League.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Candy Cummings managed the 1896 Torrington Tornados team in the Naugatuck Valley League. Fellow Hall of Fame member Jim O'Rourke was the Naugatuck Valley League founder and owner/player/manager for the Bridgeport Victors team while leading the league in batting average.

Today, the league name has been adopted by the high school athletic Naugatuck Valley League, based in Connecticut.

Connecticut League
The Connecticut League, also known as the Connecticut State League, was a professional baseball association of teams in the state of Connecticut. The league was a minor league for most of its existence. It began as offshoot of the original Connecticut State League, which dates back as far as 1884. In 1891, the Connecticut State League included the Ansonia Cuban Giants, a team made up of entirely African-American ballplayers, including future Hall-of-Famers Frank Grant and Sol White. In 1902, it was a Class D league with teams in eight cities. In 1905, the league became Class B, which lasted until 1913, when the league became the Eastern Association due to several teams outside of the state entering the league. Also a Class B league, it survived two more seasons, then folded after the 1914 season.
Jack Nicklaus 4
Jack Nicklaus 4 is a 1997 sports golf video game. It was published by Accolade, and is the fourth in a series of video games named after golfer Jack Nicklaus, following Jack Nicklaus Golf & Course Design: Signature Edition (1992). The original Microsoft Windows version was developed by Cinematronics. Versions were also released for Macintosh and DVD. A PlayStation version titled Jack Nicklaus '98 was also in development. The game was followed by Jack Nicklaus 5, released later in 1997.

Jack Nicklaus (series)
Jack Nicklaus is a series of golf video games named after golfer Jack Nicklaus. The first game, Jack Nicklaus' Greatest 18 Holes of Major Championship Golf, was developed by Sculptured Software and published by Accolade. It was released for various platforms beginning in 1988. Accolade would publish subsequent games in the series for the next decade, before selling the rights to Activision in 1998. Activision published a sixth game in the series, Jack Nicklaus 6: Golden Bear Challenge, in 1999, but chose not to publish a sequel due to poor sales. The next game in the series, Jack Nicklaus Perfect Golf, was released by a new company in 2016.
Banque d'Hochelaga
Banque d'Hochelaga (French pronunciation: [bɑ̃k dɔʃlaɡa], lit. 'Bank of Hochelaga') was a Canadian bank based in Montreal, Quebec. It was active from 1874 until 1924, when it merged with the Banque Nationale to form Banque Canadienne Nationale.

Banque Canadienne Nationale
The Banque Canadienne Nationale (French pronunciation: [bɑ̃k kanadjɛn nɑsjɔnal]; lit. 'Canadian National Bank') was a Canadian bank that existed from 1873 to 1979. The bank was founded in Montreal in 1873 as the Banque d'Hochelaga and began operations the following year. In 1924, the bank renamed itself the Banque Canadienne Nationale after it took over the Banque nationale. In 1979, it merged with the Provincial Bank of Canada to form the National Bank of Canada.
Glutamate flavoring
Glutamate flavoring is the generic name for flavor-enhancing compounds based on glutamic acid and its salts (glutamates). These compounds provide a savory taste to food.

Glutamic acid and glutamates are natural constituents of many fermented or aged foods, including soy sauce, fermented bean paste, and cheese. They can also be found in hydrolyzed proteins such as yeast extract. The sodium salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate (MSG), is manufactured on a large scale and widely used in the food industry.

Hydrolyzed protein
Hydrolyzed protein is a solution derived from the hydrolysis of a protein into its component amino acids and/or peptides. Hydrolyzing down to the amino acid level is most commonly achieved using prolonged heating with hydrochloric acid. Hydrolyzing down to the peptide level can be achieved with an enzyme such as pancreatic protease to simulate the naturally occurring hydrolytic process.
Samastipur–Muzaffarpur section
The Samastipur–Muzaffarpur section is a railway line connecting Samastipur to Muzaffarpur in the Indian state of Bihar. The 53 km (33 mi) line passes through the plains of North Bihar and the Gangetic Plain in Bihar.

Muzaffarpur Junction railway station
Muzaffarpur Junction railway station , station code MFP, is an A1 category railway station in the SPJ Division of ECR. Muzaffarpur Junction is located in Muzaffarpur city, in the Indian state of Bihar.

Muzaffarpur Junction holds a pivotal place in the East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways, serving as a major railway hub in North Bihar. The station offers extensive rail connectivity, with daily and weekly trains available to major cities:
New Delhi, Patna, Secunderabad, Kolkata, Varanasi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Amritsar, Pune, Chennai, Bangalore, Lucknow, Kanpur, Prayagraj, Howrah, Ujjain, Chennai, Howrah, Goa, Hubballi, Jammu,
Bhopal, Chandigarh.
2003 New Zealand rugby league season
The 2003 New Zealand rugby league season was the 96th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand. The main feature of the year was the fourth season of the Bartercard Cup competition that was run by the New Zealand Rugby League. The Canterbury Bulls won the Cup by defeating the Marist Richmond Brothers 32–28 in the Grand Final.

Gerard Stokes
Gerard James Stokes (1956 – 8 December 2020) was a New Zealand rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s, and coached in the 1980s through to the 2010s, who represented New Zealand. He was a coach of the Serbian national side. He was the father of English international cricketer Ben Stokes.
2021–22 Juventus FC season
The 2021–22 season was Juventus Football Club's 124th season in existence and the club's 15th consecutive season in the top flight of Italian football. In addition to the domestic league, Juventus participated in this season's edition of the Coppa Italia, the Supercoppa Italiana, and the UEFA Champions League.

Juventus finished the season trophyless for the first time since 2010–11.

2022 Coppa Italia final
The 2022 Coppa Italia final decided the winners of the 2021–22 Coppa Italia, Italy's premier football cup, the Coppa Italia. It was played on 11 May 2022 between Juventus and Internazionale.

Internazionale won the match 4–2 after extra time for their eighth Coppa Italia title. As winners, they qualified for the 2022 Supercoppa Italiana against the champions of the 2021–22 Serie A.
2017 California Golden Bears football team
The 2017 California Golden Bears football team represented the University of California, Berkeley in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bears were led by first-year head coach Justin Wilcox and played their home games at California Memorial Stadium. The Bears went 5–7, including non-conference wins over North Carolina and Ole Miss, and three losses by three points or fewer. The season highlight was the Bears' 37–3 defeat of then-No. 8 Washington State, which marked the first time Cal had beaten a top ten opponent since its defeat of No. 3 USC in 2003.

2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 2017. The regular season began on August 26, 2017, and ended on December 9, 2017.

The postseason concluded on January 8, 2018 with the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship in Atlanta, the fourth iteration of the College Football Playoff championship system. In the national championship game, Alabama defeated Georgia in overtime, 26–23.

The UCF Knights also claim a national championship for this season after finishing first in the Colley Matrix poll, and are listed as "Final National Poll Leaders" in the NCAA's official record book. UCF finished the season as the only undefeated team in NCAA Division I FBS and defeated the Auburn Tigers in the Peach Bowl. Auburn had defeated College Football Playoff national champion Alabama and runner-up Georgia during the season.
Biñan Tatak Gel
The Biñan Tatak Gel (also known as Biñan Tatak Gel–Beast Motorcycle Tires GameX for sponsorship reasons) is a Filipino professional basketball team based in Biñan, Laguna. The team primarily competes in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) as a member of the league's South Division. The team plays its home games at Alonte Sports Arena.

The team began play during the 2018–19 season as the Laguna Heroes.  The team has also played in the Pilipinas Super League since 2023 as well as in The Asian Tournament since 2024.

The Laguna/Biñan franchise is tied with the Mindoro Tamaraws for the longest playoff drought in the MPBL, having missed the playoffs in its first four seasons before clinching a spot in 2024.

The Tatak Gel is one of five teams based in Calabarzon.

2018–19 MPBL season
The 2018–19 MPBL season, also known as the MPBL Datu Cup, was the second season of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League. The regular season began on June 12, 2018 with the opening ceremonies Smart Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City, and ended on March 11, 2019. The league also held its first ever All-Star Game at the SM Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay on March 2, 2019. The playoffs then began on March 12, 2019 and ended on April 25, 2019 when the San Juan Knights defeated the Davao Occidental Tigers in five games in the 2019 MPBL finals.

This season saw sixteen expansion teams, nearly tripling its size from 10 to 26 teams. It also marked the league's national expansion, with five of those teams coming from Visayas and Mindanao. This resulted in the league dividing into the North and South Divisions, although this only affected playoff seeding and not the overall format of the season, with the playoffs itself expanding to sixteen teams, eight per division.
Miecław's Rebellion
Miecław's Rebellion (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmjɛ.t͡swaf]; Polish: bunt Miecława) was a military conflict fought from c. 1037 to 1047 between the Duchy of Poland under Casimir I the Restorer and its ally, Kievan Rus', led by Yaroslav the Wise, against the forces of Miecław, the self-proclaimed leader of a breakaway state, who was allied with the Duchy of Pomerelia and the Yotvingians. The war began with the declaration of independence of Miecław's State in Masovia from the Duchy of Poland in c. 1037. It ended in 1047 with Miecław's death and the state being reconquered by Poland.

Miecław's State
Miecław's State (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmjɛ.t͡swaf]; Polish: Państwo Miecława) was an 11th-century country located in Mazovia, in Central Europe, with the capital in Płock. It was formed around 1037 by Miecław by breaking away from the Duchy of Poland during the crisis inside the country. It existed until 1047, when Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland, reconquered the state.
Marcedes Lewis
Marcedes Alexis Lewis (born May 19, 1984), nicknamed "Big Dog", is an American professional football tight end. He played college football for the UCLA Bruins, earning consensus All-American honors. Lewis was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the first round of the 2006 NFL draft, and as of the 2025 NFL season, is the one of just two remaining active players from the class, alongside Buffalo Bills placekicker Matt Prater.

2025 NFL season
The 2025 NFL season was the 106th season of the National Football League (NFL). The regular season began on September 4, 2025, with reigning Super Bowl champion Philadelphia defeating Dallas in the NFL Kickoff Game, and ended on January 4, 2026. The playoffs began on January 10, and concluded on February 8 with Super Bowl LX, the league's championship game, in which Seattle defeated New England at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California.
Paul Lea
Paul Lea (February 19, 1929 - May 19, 2009) was a physician and football player.

Lea played college football at Tulane University, where he was an offensive and defensive tackle.  He was a first-team all-Southeastern Conference selection from 1948–50, and was named to the 1948 College Football All-America Team as a sophomore.

Lea was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the seventh round of the 1951 NFL draft.  The Bears traded him to the Pittsburgh Steelers, for whom he appeared in nine games in the 1951 season.  He also played for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League.

After his football career, Lea returned to New Orleans and graduated from Tulane Medical School.  He became an anesthesiologist and was director of anesthesia at Methodist Hospital in eastern New Orleans for 30 years.  After Hurricane Katrina destroyed his New Orleans home in 2005, he moved to Gunnison, Colorado.  He died on May 19, 2009, while traveling to Gunnison.

1948 All-America college football team
The 1948 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams for the 1948 season. The seven selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1948 season are (1) the Associated Press, (2) the United Press, (3) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA) and (7) The Sporting News.

SMU Mustangs halfback Doak Walker and Penn Quakers center Chuck Bednarik were the only players unanimously named by all seven official selectors as first-team All-Americans. Walker also won the 1948 Heisman Trophy.
1969 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1969 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the Big Eight Conference during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Eddie Crowder, Colorado finished the regular season at 7–3 (5–2 in Big 8, third), and played their home games on campus at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado.

Invited to the Liberty Bowl in Memphis, Tennessee, the Buffs defeated Alabama 47–33 to complete the season at 8–3; CU outscored its opponents 276 to 227 and climbed to sixteenth in the final AP poll.

1969 Liberty Bowl
The 1969 Liberty Bowl, part of the 1969 bowl game season, took place on Saturday, December 13, at Memphis Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. The competing teams in the eleventh edition of the Liberty Bowl were the Alabama Crimson Tide of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the Colorado Buffaloes of the Big Eight Conference. Favored by a point, Colorado won 47–33.
Euclid Avenue station (Pennsylvania Railroad)
Euclid Avenue, known after 1953 as Cleveland station and Pennsylvania Station, was a former railroad station at the corner of Euclid Avenue and East 55th Street in Cleveland. It was at the border of the Goodrich–Kirtland Park neighborhood to the north and the Central neighborhood to the south. Euclid Avenue station served as the terminus of the Pennsylvania Railroad line to Cleveland in its final years because of the closure and demolition of Cleveland Union Depot. The station was originally at ground level, but the tracks were later elevated over Euclid Avenue.

Cleveland Union Depot
Union Depot was the name given to two intercity railroad stations in Cleveland, Ohio. Union Depot was built as the first union station in Cleveland in 1853. A new structure was built in 1866, and was the largest train station in the United States until construction of Grand Central Depot in New York City in 1871. The depot was operated by multiple railroads until 1930, when all except the Pennsylvania Railroad dropped their services and utilized Cleveland Union Terminal, which opened that year. The Pennsylvania Railroad continued to use the depot until 1953, and the building was demolished in 1959.
2021 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The 2021 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame as an independent during the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led during the regular season by Brian Kelly in his 12th and final season at Notre Dame. They finished the season 11–2, highlighted by rivalry wins over Purdue, USC, Navy, and Stanford and an upset loss to eventual CFP participant Cincinnati. The Fighting Irish played their home games at Notre Dame Stadium in Notre Dame, Indiana.

On November 29, Kelly resigned to become the head coach at LSU. He finished at Notre Dame with a 12-year record of 113–40 on the field, and an official record of 92–40 due to games vacated by the NCAA. Defensive coordinator Marcus Freeman was named the program's new head coach. The Irish played in the Fiesta Bowl against Oklahoma State, losing 37–35 after blowing a 28–7 2nd-quarter lead.

2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the 152nd season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at its highest level of competition, the Football Bowl Subdivision. The regular season began on August 28, 2021, and ended on December 11, 2021. The postseason began on December 17, with the main games ending on January 10, 2022, with the College Football Playoff National Championship at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, and the all-star portion of the post-season concluding with the inaugural HBCU Legacy Bowl on February 19, 2022. It was the eighth season of the College Football Playoff (CFP) system.  It was the first time since 2016 that no major team finished the season undefeated as the Cincinnati Bearcats, the season's last undefeated team, were defeated in the 2021 Cotton Bowl Classic. The season's Heisman Trophy winner was Alabama Crimson Tide quarterback Bryce Young.
Potawatomi language
Potawatomi (/ˌpɒtəˈwɒtəmi/ ⓘ, also spelled Pottawatomie; in Potawatomi Bodwéwadmimwen, Bodwéwadmi Zheshmowen, or Neshnabémwen) is a Central Algonquian language. It was historically spoken by the Pottawatomi people who lived around the Great Lakes in what are now Michigan and Wisconsin in the United States, and in southern Ontario in Canada. Federally recognized tribes in Michigan and Oklahoma are working to revive the language.

Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (/æl.ˈɡɒŋ.k(w)i.ən/ al-GONG-k(w)ee-ən; also Algonkian) are a branch of the Algic language family. The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the Indigenous Ojibwe language (Chippewa), which is a senior member of the Algonquian language family. The term Algonquin has been suggested to derive from the Wolastoqey word elakómkwik (pronounced [ɛlæˈɡomoɡwik]), meaning 'they are our relatives/allies'.

Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of North America to the Rocky Mountains. The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian, was spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago. There is no scholarly consensus about where this language was spoken.
Richard Watson (cricketer)
Richard Martin Watson (31 December 1921 – 1 October 1987) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for  Derbyshire in 1947.

Watson was born at Bakewell, Derbyshire. He was educated at Denstone College where he was in the cricket team from 1936 to 1939. He made his debut for Derbyshire in the 1947 season against Worcestershire in May when he was not out for 12 and took two catches. He played five more first-class games that season and also played in the Derbyshire second XI in 1947 and 1948. His best score of 25 not out was against the South Africans.

Watson was a left-hand batsman who played eleven innings in six first-class matches with an average of 8.50 and a top score of 25 not out. He was a leg-break bowler, but did not bowl in a first-class game.

Watson died at Penrhosgarnedd, Bangor, Wales at the age of 65.

Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1947
Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1947 represents the  cricket season when the English club Derbyshire had been playing for seventy-six years. It was their forty-third  season in the County Championship and they won twelve matches and lost ten to  finish fifth in the County Championship.
Arambagh Football Academy
Arambagh Football Academy (Bengali: আরামবাগ ফুটবল একাডেমি) is the junior team of the Dhaka based club Arambagh KS. It currently competes in Dhaka Senior Division League, the third-tier of Bangladeshi football, alongside its main team.

Arambagh KS
Arambagh Krira Sangha is a Bangladeshi sports club based in Dhaka, that currently competes in the Bangladesh Football League, the first tier of Bangladeshi football, after being promoted from the second-tier Bangladesh Championship League in the 2024–25 season.
Volatility tax
The volatility tax is a mathematical finance term first published by Rick Ashburn, CFA in a 2003 column, and formalized by hedge fund manager Mark Spitznagel, describing the effect of large investment losses (or volatility) on compound returns. It has also been called volatility drag, volatility decay or variance drain.  This is not literally a tax in the sense of a levy imposed by a government, but the mathematical difference between geometric averages compared to arithmetic averages. This difference resembles a tax due to the mathematics which impose a lower compound return when returns vary over time, compared to a simple sum of returns.  This diminishment of returns is in increasing proportion to volatility, such that volatility itself appears to be the basis of a progressive tax. Conversely, fixed-return investments (which have no return volatility) appear to be "volatility tax free".

Compound interest
Compound interest is interest accumulated from a principal sum and previously accumulated interest. It is the result of reinvesting or retaining interest that would otherwise be paid out, or of the accumulation of debts from a borrower.

Compound interest is contrasted with simple interest, where previously accumulated interest is not added to the principal amount of the current period. Compounded interest depends on the simple interest rate applied and the frequency at which the interest is compounded.
Dutch Speed Skating Championships
The Dutch Championships are organised by the Royal Dutch Speed Skating Association (KNSB).

In 1887 the first Dutch open championships took place in Slikkerveer. The men skated one distance, the Dutch mile. In the final the Englishmen Charles Tebbit the Dutch skater Willem-Jan van Vollenhoven (the great-grandfather of Pieter van Vollenhoven. The first official Dutch Allround championships  took place in 1901 in Leeuwarden. The champion became Eeko Banning.

The Dutch Allround Championships for women has been organised since 1955, when only 3 distances were skated.

Since 1969 there is also organised a Dutch Sprint championship and since 1987 also a Dutch Single Distance championship.

KNSB Dutch Allround Championships
The Dutch Allround Championships of speed skating, organised by the Royal Dutch Speed Skating Association (KNSB), is the official Dutch championship to determine the Dutch Allround champion, in contrast to the KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships, which determines a Dutch champion for each distance. The Allround distance championships date back to 1901 for men and 1955 for women.