hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alternative law in Ireland prior to 1921
Alternative legal systems began to be used by Irish nationalist organizations during the 1760s as a means of opposing British rule in Ireland. Groups which enforced different laws included the Whiteboys, Repeal Association, Ribbonmen, Irish National Land League, Irish National League, United Irish League, Sinn Féin, and the Irish Republic during the Irish War of Independence. These alternative justice systems were connected to the agrarian protest movements which sponsored them and filled the gap left by the official authority, which never had the popular support or legitimacy which it needed to govern effectively. Opponents of British rule in Ireland sought to create an alternative system, based on Irish (rather than English) law, which would eventually supplant British authority.

Ribbonism
Ribbonism, whose supporters were usually called Ribbonmen, was a 19th-century popular movement of poor Catholics in Ireland. The movement was also known as Ribandism. The Ribbonmen were active against landlords and their agents, and opposed "Orangeism", the ideology of the Protestant Orange Order.
Eshmanan
Eshmanan (corruption of Yajamaana Sanskrit leader) is a term used in Kerala (south India) to refer to a feudal Nair landlord. The term means "lord" in Old Malayalam and referred to Chembazhi nambi, Nambiars, and Nair caste members who occupied the position of chieftains or bestowed upon themselves when they attain enough wealth to be a Landlord. Some of the Nambiar landlords, such as Chengazhi Nambiar (Chengazinad Eshmanan), Kalliat Eshmanan and Koodali Eshmanan were among the largest landowners in Malabar Districts.
Other terms for a Nair feudal landlord, included Nayanar (Nair subcaste).

This title is equivalent to others such as Madambi, Pillai, Kurup and Kaimal which were used in Travancore and Cochin areas.

Nayanar (Nair subcaste)
Nayanar (meaning "the Nayar") is an honorific title used by sub-castes of the Nair community from North Malabar, India. The word Nayanar is believed to have originated from the word "Nayanmar" meaning "Nairs", which is a title of nobility. Nayanar families are mostly seen north of the river Korapuzha. Like other North Malabar (Kannur and neighboring districts) Nairs, Nayanars earlier claimed a higher status to Nairs of South Malabar (Kozhikode and neighboring districts).

The Nayanar title is mostly given to prominent Nambiar families by the Chirakkal Raja. They sometimes have interchangeable surnames like Nambiar and Kurup. Samantha Nairs of South Malabar, Kaimals of Cochin, and Pillais of Travancore are considered similar castes to Nayanars.
Azov naval base (Ukraine)
Azov Naval Base was the new naval base of the Armed Forces of Ukraine located in Berdiansk along the northern coast of the Azov Sea. The city and the base were captured by Russian forces on 27 February 2022 during the Southern Ukraine campaign, part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Berdiansk
Berdiansk or Berdyansk (Ukrainian: Бердянськ, IPA: [berˈdʲɑnʲsʲk] ⓘ; Russian: Бердянск, IPA: [bʲɪrˈdʲansk]) is a port city in Zaporizhzhia Oblast, south-eastern Ukraine and is currently occupied by Russia. It is on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov, which is connected to the Black Sea. It serves as the administrative center of Berdiansk Raion. The city is named after the Berda River's Berdiansk Spit, at the foot of which it is located. Its population is 106,311 (2022 estimate).

Berdiansk is home to a safari zoo, water park, museums, health resorts with mud baths and climatic treatments, and numerous water sport activities. Berdiansk Airport is located nearby.

Since 27 February 2022, Berdiansk has been under Russian occupation.
Rudraksha
A rudraksha (IAST: rudrākṣa) refers to the dried stones or seeds of the genus Elaeocarpus specifically, Elaeocarpus ganitrus. These seeds are used as prayer beads for Hindus (especially Shaivas) and  Buddhists. When they are ripe, rudraksha stones are covered by a blue outer fruit so they are sometimes called "blueberry beads".

The stones are associated with the Hindu deity Shiva and are worn by believers for protection and for chanting mantras such as Om Namah Shivaya (Sanskrit: ॐ नमः शिवाय; Om Namaḥ Śivāya). They are primarily sourced from India, Indonesia, and Nepal for jewellery and malas (garlands) and valued similarly to semi-precious stones. Rudraksha can have ridges that are termed as "faces" (Sanskrit: मुख, romanized: mukha, lit. 'face') and some people associate each face with a particular deity.

Garland
A garland is a decorative braid, knot or wreath of flowers, leaves, or other material. Garlands can be worn on the head or around the neck, hung on an inanimate object, or laid in a place of cultural or religious importance. In contemporary times, garlands are used to decorate, especially around holidays.
Ein el-Jarba
Ein el-Jarba is a two-period settlement with remains dating to the Early Chalcolithic (6th millennium BC) and the Early Bronze Age IB (4th millennium  BC). The Early Chalcolithic settlement is ascribed to the Wadi Rabah culture. The site is located in the Jezreel Valley, ca. 20 km south-east of Haifa, Israel.

Timeline of the Palestine region
The timeline of the Palestine region is a timeline of major events in the history of Palestine. For more details on the history of Palestine see History of Palestine. In cases where the year or month is uncertain, it is marked with a slash, for example 636/7 and January/February.
Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: احمد توفیق پاشا‎; 11 February 1843 – 8 October 1936), later Ahmet Tevfik Okday after the Turkish Surname Law of 1934, was an Ottoman diplomat and statesman of Crimean Tatar origin. He was the last grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire.

Tevfik Pasha had the misfortune of his terms as Grand Vizier coinciding with disastrous moments in late Ottoman history; his first term with the deposition of Abdul Hamid II, the second term with the occupation of Istanbul after World War I, and the third term with the abolition of the Sultanate. In addition to serving as Grand Vizier, Ahmet Tevfik was also a diplomat, a member of the Ottoman Senate, and long time Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey abolished the monarchy on 1 November 1922 and ended the Ottoman Empire, which had lasted from c. 1299. On 11 November 1922, at the Conference of Lausanne, the sovereignty of the Grand National Assembly exercised by the Government in Angora (now Ankara) over Turkey was recognized. The last sultan, Mehmed VI, departed the Ottoman capital, Constantinople (now Istanbul), on 17 November 1922 aboard HMS Malaya. The legal position was solidified with the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne on 24 July 1923 and the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923. In March 1924 the Caliphate was abolished, marking the end of the last remnant of the former monarchy.
Chevrolet Grand Prix
The Chevrolet Grand Prix is an annual IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship race held every July at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park near Bowmanville in Clarington, Ontario, Canada. The race originated in 1975 and is currently a two-hour and forty minute race in order to fit the event into a television-friendly package.  Previous editions of the Grand Prix were part of the World Sportscar Championship, the American Le Mans Series and the IMSA GT Championship.

World Sportscar Championship
The World Sportscar Championship was the world endurance racing series run for sports car racing, sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), from 1953 to 1992. The championship evolved from a small collection of the most important sportscar, endurance, and road racing events in Europe and North America with dozens of gentleman drivers at the grid to a professional racing series where the world's largest automakers spent millions of dollars per year.

The official name of the series frequently changed throughout the years but was generally known as the World Sportscar Championship from its inception in 1953. Alongside the Formula One World Championship, it was one of the two major World Championships in circuit motor racing. The championship was revived in the 2012 season under the new name as the FIA World Endurance Championship.
Andreas Landgren
Sven Andreas Landgren (born 17 March 1989) is a Swedish former footballer who played as a midfielder or defender.

He started his professional career in Helsingborgs IF, where his father Sven Åke played almost 350 matches. In 2010, Landgren transferred to Italian side Udinese. He did not play any first-team matches for the club, and was loaned out to Willem II during the 2010–11 Eredivisie season. He joined Norwegian side Fredrikstad on loan in mid-2011, and joined the club permanently ahead of the 2012 season. After Fredrikstad was relegated from Tippeligaen, Landgren moved back to Sweden where he joined Halmstads BK on loan in April 2013. A year later, he transferred back to his home town club Helsingborgs IF. However, an injury kept him out of play for the whole 2014 season.

Udinese Calcio
Udinese Calcio (Italian pronunciation: [udiˈneːze ˈkaltʃo, -eːse -]; "Udinese Football") is a professional football club based in Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. The team currently competes in the Serie A, the first tier of Italian football. It was founded on 30 November 1896 as a sports club, and on 5 July 1911 as a football club.

The traditional team home kit is black and white striped shirt, black shorts, and white socks. The club broadcasts on channel 110 (Udinese Channel) on digital terrestrial television in the north-east of Italy. It has many fans in Friuli and the surrounding areas.
Brooks Island Regional Preserve
Brooks Island Regional Preserve includes both the 75-acre (30 ha) of Brooks Island above the low-tide line and 300 acres (120 ha) of the surrounding bay. The only public access to the island is via an East Bay Regional Park District naturalist tour.

Brooks Island is a mostly flat strip of land extending from a round hill, named Jefferds Hill, which peaks at 160 ft (49 m) in San Francisco Bay, located just south of the Richmond Inner Harbor in Richmond, California.

Originally named as Isla de Cármen by a Spanish explorer, the island appeared as "Brooks Island" on maps from 1850 onward. The eponymous Brooks has never been identified. It has also been called Sheep Island and Rocky Island at various times. The island was bought by the regional parks district in 1968, and was opened to the public in 1988. Access is now available through ranger-led guided tours.

East Bay Regional Park District
The East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD) is a special district operating in Alameda County and Contra Costa County, California, within the East Bay area of the San Francisco Bay Area.  It maintains and operates a system of regional parks which is the largest urban regional park district in the United States. The administrative office is located in Oakland.

As of 2020, EBRPD spans 124,909 acres (50,549 ha) with 73 parks and over 1,330 miles (2,140 km) of trails. Some of these parks are wilderness areas; others include a variety of visitor attractions, with opportunities for swimming, boating and camping.  The trails are frequently used for non-motorized transportation such as biking, hiking, and horse riding. More than 200 miles (320 km) of paved trails (identified as Interpark Regional Trails) through urban areas link the parks together.
Kempsey Shire
Kempsey Shire is a local government area in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

The shire services an area of 3,380 square kilometres (1,310 sq mi) and is located on the Pacific Highway and the North Coast railway line. Kempsey Shire was formed on 1 October 1975 by the amalgamation of the former Kempsey Municipality and the former Macleay Shire.

At the 2011 census, Kempsey Shire had a high proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people residing within its boundaries; being 11.1 per cent of the resident population, more than four times the national and state averages of 2.5 per cent. The shire also contains a coastal strip that was identified in 2007, and confirmed in 2015, as one of the most socially disadvantaged areas in Australia.

The mayor of the Kempsey Shire is Kinne Ring, an independent politician.

SEIFA
Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (commonly known by its acronym, SEIFA) is a product that summarizes the relative socio-economic characteristics of Australian communities. The indexes have been created by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the national statistical agency. The source of the data is derived from the five-yearly Census of Population and Housing, and is calculated using principal component analysis (PCA).
Electroshock (wrestler)
Edgar Luna Pozos (born April 22, 1970) is a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, best known under the ring name Electroshock, which he has used while working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) since 1997. Pozos is married to luchadora Lady Apache and is the brother of Luchador Charly Manson. As Electroshock Pozos has been a member of the groups Los Vipers, La Legión Extranjera and Los Wagnermaniacos. He is the winner of the 2009 Rey de Reyes ("King of Kings") tournament and a one-time AAA Mega Champion.

AAA Mega Championship
The AAA Mega Championship (often referred to as the AAA World Heavyweight Championship in English and known as the Mega Campeonato AAA in Spanish) is a men's professional wrestling world heavyweight championship promoted by Mexican promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), a subsidiary of the American promotion WWE. The current champion is Dominik Mysterio, who is in his first reign. He defeated El Hijo del Vikingo at Worlds Collide: Las Vegas on September 12, 2025.
Letheringsett Brewery watermill
The remains of Letheringsett Brewery Watermill are located in the centre of the village of Letheringsett in the county of Norfolk. The watermill of 1784 was housed within the maltings and brewery complex founded and run by John Brereton of Letheringsett Hall from before 1721. Much of this complex still stands on the south side of the A148 Cromer to King's Lynn road, which bisects the village on an east–west axis, and on the west bank of the River Glaven, which bisects the village south–north.

The watermill was in operation from 1784 to 1895 or 1896 for crushing malt and to power the pumps throughout the manufacturing and storage complex. It had a far more limited life as a cornmill for grinding wheat, from 1784 to about 1798, as recorded by the wife and mother of the owners, the diarist Mary Hardy.  Briefly a ginger beer factory from 1896 to 1906, the complex then ceased all manufacturing. It was converted to housing 2013–15.

Malt house
A malt house, malt barn, or maltings, is a building where cereal grain is converted into malt by soaking it in water, allowing it to sprout and then drying it to stop further growth. The malt is used in brewing beer, whisky and in certain foods. The traditional malt house was largely phased out during the twentieth century in favour of more mechanised production. Many malt houses have been converted to other uses, such as Snape Maltings, England, which is now a concert hall.
Irfan Qadir
Irfan Qadir (Urdu, Punjabi: عرفان قادر; born 16 November 1956) is a Pakistani lawyer and jurist who is the incumbent Special Assistant to the Prime Minister for Law since 30 April 2024. Previously, he served as the Special Assistant to the Prime Minister on Accountability and Interior from September 2022 to August 2023. He also served as the 29th Attorney-General for Pakistan from April 2012 to June 2013, and was a Justice of the Lahore High Court in 2009.

Irfan previously served as Secretary of Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs in 2012, twice as the Additional Advocate General of the Punjab from 1990 to 1995 and 1996 to 1997, and as Prosecutor General of the Punjab in 2010.

Advocate general
An advocate general of a state is a senior officer of the law. In some common law and hybrid jurisdictions the officer performs the function of a legal advisor to the government, analogous to attorneys general in other common law and hybrid jurisdictions. By contrast, in the European Union and some continental European jurisdictions, the officer is a neutral legal advisor to the courts.
Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
Princess Augusta Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt (German: Augusta Wilhelmina Maria von Hessen-Darmstadt; 14 April 1765 – 30 March 1796) was Duchess consort of Zweibrücken by marriage to Maximilian, Duke of Zweibrücken and the mother of King Ludwig I of Bavaria.

Palatine Zweibrücken
The Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (German: Herzogtum Pfalz-Zweibrücken; French: Duché de Palatinat-Deux-Ponts or Comté palatin de Deux-Ponts) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire with full voting rights to the Reichstag. Its capital was Zweibrücken. The reigning house, a branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was also the Royal House of Sweden from 1654 to 1720.
Sylvie Guillaume
Sylvie Guillaume (born 11 June 1962) is a French politician who has served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 to 2024. She is a member of the Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.

2009 European Parliament election in France
European Parliament elections were held in France on Sunday 7 June 2009 to elect the 72 French Members of the European Parliament.

Due to the entry of Romania and Bulgaria in the European Union in 2007, the number of seats allocated to France was revised from 78 to 72 seats, a loss of 6 seats.  France now represents only 9.8% of all European MEPs compared to 12.5% in 2004 and 19.8% in 1979, following the first European election.

The turnout in European elections in France has almost always declined, with the sole exception of an increase in 1994, falling from 60.7% turnout in the 1979 election to 43.1% in the latest election in 2004.
Voiceless postalveolar fricative
A voiceless postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the "sh" sound in "ship".

The International Phonetic Association uses the phrase voiceless postalveolar fricative for the sibilant sound [ ʃ ], though technically it also describes the voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative [ɹ̠̊˔], for which there are significant perceptual differences.

Voiceless retroflex fricative
A voiceless retroflex sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʂ⟩ which is a Latin letter s combined with a retroflex hook. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA letter is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook to the bottom of ⟨s⟩ (the letter used for the corresponding alveolar consonant). A distinction can be made between laminal, apical, and sub-apical articulations. Only one language, Toda, appears to have more than one voiceless retroflex sibilant, and it distinguishes subapical palatal from apical postalveolar retroflex sibilants; that is, both the tongue articulation and the place of contact on the roof of the mouth are different.
Bloody Milk
Bloody Milk (French: Petit paysan, lit. 'Little peasant') is a 2017 French drama film directed by Hubert Charuel in his feature debut. It was presented in the Critics' Week section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival.

2017 Cannes Film Festival
The 70th Cannes Film Festival took place from 17 to 28 May 2017, in Cannes, France. Spanish filmmaker Pedro Almodóvar was the president of the jury for the main competition. Italian actress Monica Bellucci hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. Swedish filmmaker Ruben Östlund won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for his comedy-drama film The Square.

The festival celebrated its 70th edition with a special anniversary section featuring some of the new works from well established filmmakers. The official poster of the festival featured Italian actress Claudia Cardinale. The actress responded: "'I am honored and proud to be flying the flag for the 70th Festival de Cannes, and delighted with this choice of photo. It's the image I myself have of the Festival, of an event that illuminates everything around ... Happy anniversary!"

The festival opened with Ismael's Ghosts by Arnaud Desplechin, and closed with The Square.
Khanyar
Khanyar is a locality in downtown from Khayam to Khwaja Bazar in Srinagar district in Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It lies about 4 kilometers north from Lal Chowk, Srinagar. This locality is known for being the power base of Sanaullah Shawl and for the shrine of Dastgeer Sahib, Roza Bal, tomb of Yuz Asaf.

Yuz Asaf
Youza Asaf, Youza Asaph, Youza Asouph, Yuz Asaf, Yuzu Asaf, Yuzu Asif, or Yuzasaf, (Urdu: یوضا آصف) are Arabic and Urdu variations of the name Josaphat, and are primarily connected with Christianized and Islamized versions of the life of the Buddha found in the legend of Barlaam and Josaphat.

According to Ahmadiyya thought, the name Yuz Asaf is of Buddhist derivation, and possibly from Yusu or Yehoshua (Jesus) and Asaf (the Gatherer).
Rosary-based prayers
Rosary-based prayers are Christian prayers recited on a set of rosary beads, among other cords. These prayers recite specific word sequences on the beads that make up the different sections. They may be directed to Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary or God the Father.

Anglican prayer beads
Anglican prayer beads, also known as the Anglican rosary or Anglican chaplet, are a loop of strung Christian prayer beads used chiefly by Anglicans in the Anglican Communion, as well as by communicants in the Anglican Continuum. This Anglican devotion has spread to other Christian denominations, including Methodists and the Reformed.
Zambia Super League
The Zambia Super League, known as the MTN Super League for sponsorship purposes, is the top association football league created in 1962 by the Football Association of Zambia. The winners of the league each season receive ZMW1,000,000 ($40000) and a copper trophy engraved with their team name.

Sponsor (commercial)
Sponsoring something (or someone) is the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through the provision of products or services. The individual or group that provides the support, similar to a benefactor, is known as the sponsor.
Aleksandar Jovičić
Aleksandar Jovičić (pronounced [ǎleksandar jǒʋitʃitɕ]; born 18 July 1995) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Nemzeti Bajnokság I club Kisvárda.

Jovičić started his professional career at Rudar Prijedor, before joining Borac Banja Luka in 2014, who loaned him to Krupa the following year. Later that year, he went back to Rudar Prijedor. In 2016, Jovičić moved to Slaven Belupo, who sent him on loan to Istra 1961 in 2018. Later that year, he signed with Gorica. In 2022, he moved to Kisvárda.

A former youth international for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jovičić made his senior international debut in 2021, earning 2 caps.

FK Rudar Prijedor
Fudbalski klub Rudar Prijedor (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Pудаp Пpиjeдop) is a professional football club from the city of Prijedor that is situated in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Rudar plays in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the club plays its home matches on the Gradski stadion which has a capacity that can hold 6,000 spectators.