hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian avant-garde
The Russian avant-garde was a large, influential wave of avant-garde modern art that flourished in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, approximately from 1890 to 1930—although some have placed its beginning as early as 1850 and its end as late as 1960. The term covers many separate, but inextricably related, art movements that flourished at the time; including Suprematism, Constructivism, Russian Futurism, Cubo-Futurism, Zaum, Imaginism, and Neo-primitivism. In Ukraine, many of the artists who were born, grew up or were active in what is now Belarus and Ukraine (including Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Vladimir Tatlin, David Burliuk, Alexander Archipenko), are also classified in the Ukrainian avant-garde.

The Russian avant-garde reached its creative and popular height in the period between the Russian Revolution of 1917 and 1932, at which point the ideas of the avant-garde clashed with the newly emerged state-sponsored direction of Socialist Realism.

Alexander Archipenko
Alexander Porfyrovych Archipenko (May 30 [O.S. May 18] 1887 – February 25, 1964) was a Ukrainian-American avant-garde artist, sculptor, and graphic artist, active in France and the United States. He was one of the first to apply the principles of Cubism to architecture, analyzing human figures into geometrical forms.
Sallie Rhett Roman
Sarah "Sallie" de Saussure Taylor Rhett Roman (1844–1921) was an American journalist and writer. Born into Southern aristocracy as the daughter of South Carolina congressman Robert Barnwell Rhett, she started a writing career to support her family after the death of her husband. Her writing focused on nostalgia for the Lost Cause and glorification of the plantation system. She was a contributor to the New Orleans Times-Democrat newspaper for nearly three decades.

The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate
The Times-Picayune | The New Orleans Advocate is an American newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana. Ancestral publications of other names date back to January 25, 1837. The current publication is the result of the 2019 acquisition of The Times-Picayune (which was the result of the 1914 union of The Picayune with the Times-Democrat) by the New Orleans edition of The Advocate in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

The Times-Picayune was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service in 1997 for its coverage of threats to the world’s fisheries  and in 2006 for its coverage of Hurricane Katrina. Four of The Times-Picayune's staff reporters also received Pulitzers for breaking news reporting for their storm coverage. The paper funded the Edgar A. Poe Award for journalistic excellence, which was presented annually by the White House Correspondents' Association from 1990 to 2019.
Residual risk
The residual risk is the amount of risk or danger associated with an action or event remaining after natural or inherent risks have been reduced by risk controls.

The general formula to calculate residual risk is

where the general concept of risk is (threats × vulnerability) or, alternatively, (severity × probability).

An example of residual risk is given by the use of automotive seat-belts.  Installation and use of seat-belts reduces the overall severity and probability of injury in an automotive accident; however, probability of injury remains when in use, that is, a remainder of residual risk.

In the economic context, residual means “the quantity left over at the end of a process; a remainder”.

In the property rights model it is the shareholder that holds the residual risk and therefore the residual profit.

Risk
Risk is the possibility of something bad happening, comprising a level of uncertainty about the effects and implications of an activity, particularly negative and undesirable consequences.

Risk theory, assessment, and management are applied but substantially differ in different practice areas, such as business, economics, environment, finance, information technology, health, insurance, safety, security, and privacy. The international standard for risk management, ISO 31000, provides general guidelines and principles on managing risks faced by organizations.
Coulsdon Cricket Club
Coulsdon Cricket Club was an English cricket club based at Coulsdon, Surrey. The club is believed to have been formed in the early 1760s, and it had for a time a great rivalry with Chertsey Cricket Club. One of the club's most notable players was Will Palmer.

Coulsdon
Coulsdon (/ˈkuːlzdən/, traditionally pronounced /ˈkoʊlzdən/) is a town in south London, England, within the London Borough of Croydon. Coulsdon was an ancient parish in the county of Surrey that included the settlements of Purley and Kenley. It was merged with Sanderstead in 1915 to form the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
Sone Canal System
The Sone Canal System is a major 19th-century riverine irrigation network in the Indian state of Bihar. Originating from the Son River, it was a colonial-era engineering project designed to irrigate the plains of the historic Shahabad, Gaya, and Patna districts. The system's original 1874 anicut at Dehri has since been replaced by the modern Indrapuri Barrage, located 10 km upstream.

Today, the network comprises the original Sone Low Level Canal System and a later expansion known as the Sone High Level Canal System. It provides critical irrigation to seven districts but faces challenges related to aging infrastructure and water management, which are being addressed under the National Hydrology Project (NHP).

Shahabad district
Shahabad district (Bhojpuri pronunciation: sāhābāda, साहाबाद),  headquartered at Arrah, was a historic administrative district in British India. Making up the westernmost part of modern-day Bihar, its territory was defined by the Ganges river to the north and the Son River to the east, which traditionally separated the Bhojpuri-speaking culture of Shahabad from the Magahi culture of Magadh.

In 1972, the district was bifurcated into Bhojpur and Rohtas, which were later subdivided to create the four present-day districts that occupy its former territory.
Široki Brijeg Convicts' Battalion
The Široki Brijeg Convicts' Battalion (Croatian: Širokobriješka Kažnjenička bojna), commonly referred to as just the Convicts' Battalion, was a special-purpose battalion of the Croatian Defence Council headquartered in Široki Brijeg during the Bosnian War. Its main commander was Mladen Naletilić Tuta.

Široki Brijeg
Široki Brijeg (pronunciationⓘ) is a city and the regional capital of West Herzegovina Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town itself had a population of 6,149 and the municipality of 28,929.
Battle of Mentana
The Battle of Mentana was fought on November 3, 1867, near the village of Mentana, located north-east of Rome (then in the Papal States, now modern Lazio), between French-Papal troops and the Italian volunteers led by Giuseppe Garibaldi. Garibaldi's troops tried to capture Rome, which was at that time the main Italian city not yet incorporated into the newly unified Kingdom of Italy. The battle ended in victory for the French-Papal troops, maintaining the independence of the Papal States until 1870.

Capture of Rome
The capture of Rome (Italian: Presa di Roma) occurred on 20 September 1870, as forces of the Kingdom of Italy took control of the city and of the Papal States. After a plebiscite held on 2 October 1870, Rome was officially made capital of Italy on 3 February 1871, completing the unification of Italy (Risorgimento).

The capture of Rome by the Royal Italian Army brought an end to the Papal States, which had existed since the Donation of Pepin in 756, along with the temporal power of the Holy See, and led to the establishment of Rome as the capital of unified Italy. It is widely commemorated in Italy, especially in cathedral cities, by naming streets for the date: Via XX Settembre (spoken form: "Via Venti Settembre").
Mardan Division
Mardan Division is one of the seven divisions in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It consists of two districts: Mardan and Swabi. The division borders Hazara Division, Malakand Division, and Peshawar Division. CNIC code of Mardan Division is 16.

Malakand Division
Malakand Division is an administrative division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Malakand is the second-largest division by population while Mingora, its capital, is the third largest city in the province. CNIC code of Malakand Division is 15.
Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park
The Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park is a natural park in central Italy. Established in 1991, it covers an area of 2,014 square kilometres (778 mi2), mostly within the provinces of Teramo, L'Aquila, and Pescara in Abruzzo, with small areas in the provinces of Rieti in Lazio and Ascoli Piceno in Marche. The terrain is predominantly mountainous with alpine plains.

It is managed by Ente Parco Nazionale Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga, with headquarters in Assergi, L'Aquila.

The Grand Highway of the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park runs through the park between the Gran Sasso mountain peak and the chain known as Monti della Laga.

Province of Rieti
The province of Rieti (Italian: provincia di Rieti) is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Rieti. Established in 1927, it has an area of 2,750.52 square kilometres (1,061.98 sq mi) with a total population of 157,887 people as of 2017. There are 73 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province.
Toronto FC II
Toronto FC II is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Toronto, Ontario, that competes in MLS Next Pro, a third tier league of the United States soccer league system. It is the reserve team and minor league affiliate of Toronto FC as well as in partnership with Toronto FC Academy.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.
Fan Yilin
Fan Yilin (simplified Chinese: 范忆琳; traditional Chinese: 范憶琳; pinyin: Fàn Yìlín; born 11 November 1999) is a Chinese artistic gymnast and uneven bars specialist. She is a two-time world champion on the uneven bars (2015 and 2017) and the 2015 Asian champion on balance beam. At the 2015 World Championships, she was part of the first ever four-way tie along with Viktoria Komova, Daria Spiridonova, and Madison Kocian. Domestically, she is a four-time Chinese national uneven bars champion (2015, 2016, 2020, and 2021). She was a member of the Chinese team at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where she won a bronze medal in the team competition, and competed at the 2020 Olympic Games.

Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around
The women's artistic team all-around competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held on 9 August 2016 at the HSBC Arena.

The United States finished first in the qualification and then won the event final by over eight points. It was Team USA's second consecutive Olympic team gold medal. The 2016 team, known as the Final Five, was led by Simone Biles, who performed all four rotations in the final. Russia won their second consecutive Olympic team silver.
Wicomico and Pocomoke Railroad
The Wicomico and Pocomoke Railroad (W&P), was a railroad that ran 23 miles (37.0 km) from Salisbury, Maryland to Berlin, Maryland from 1868 to 1890, and extended to Ocean City in 1870. At Salisbury, it connected to the Eastern Shore Railroad (ESR). It was chartered in 1848, started construction in 1867 and began operation in 1868. In 1890 it was purchased by the Baltimore and Eastern Shore Railroad and absorbed into that company.

Berlin, Maryland
Berlin is a town in Worcester County, Maryland, United States which includes its own historical Berlin Commercial District. As of the 2020 census, Berlin had a population of 5,026. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Sherry Wu
Sherry Jueyu Wu is an Assistant Professor of Management and Organizational Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Anderson School of Management. in Westwood, California and the 2020 recipient of the Cialdini Prize from the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP) for her field research in group dynamics and authority. She conducts large-scale field experiments concerning group influence over long-lasting behavioral changes and decision processes under resource disparity and social inequality.

UCLA Anderson School of Management
The John E. Anderson Graduate School of Management (branded as UCLA Anderson) is the graduate business school at the University of California, Los Angeles. The school offers MBA (full-time, part-time, executive), Post Graduate Program for Executives (PGPX), Financial Engineering, Business Analytics, and PhD degrees. It was named after American billionaire John E. Anderson in 1987, after he donated $15 million to the School of Management (the largest gift received from an individual by the University of California at the time).
Prune
A prune is a dried plum, most commonly from the European plum (Prunus domestica) tree. Not all plum species or varieties can be dried into prunes. Use of the term prune for fresh plums is obsolete except when applied to varieties of plum grown for drying. In this usage, a prune is the firm-fleshed plum fruit of P. domestica varieties that have a high soluble solids content and do not ferment during drying.

Most prunes are freestone cultivars (i.e., the pit is easy to remove), whereas most plums grown for fresh consumption are clingstone (the pit is more difficult to remove). The sorbitol content of dietary fiber likely provides the laxative effect associated with consuming prunes. Prunes are 64% carbohydrates, including dietary fiber, 2% protein, a rich source of vitamin K, and a moderate source of B vitamins and dietary minerals.

Sorbitol
Sorbitol (/ˈsɔː(r)bɪtɒl/), less commonly known as glucitol (/ˈɡluːsɪtɒl/), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the converted aldehyde group (−CHO) to a primary alcohol group (−CH2OH). Most sorbitol is made from potato starch, but it is also found in nature, for example in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is converted to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase. Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2. While similar, the two sugar alcohols have very different sources in nature, melting points, and uses.

As an over-the-counter drug, sorbitol is used as a laxative to treat constipation.
Honorine Lake
The lac Honorine is a freshwater body on the hydrographic side of the Launière River, of the Jacques-Cartier River, in the unorganized territory of Lac-Jacques-Cartier, in the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in the province, in Quebec, Canada.

The area around the lake is indirectly served by the route 175 which passes on the east side. A few secondary forest roads serve this area for forestry and recreational tourism purposes.

Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of Lake Honorine is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.

Quebec Route 175
Route 175 is a major north–south highway on both sides of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada. Its southern terminus is in Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon at the junction of Route 218 and its northern terminus is in Saguenay at the junction of Route 172, in the former city of Chicoutimi. Route 175 crosses the Saint Lawrence River on the Quebec Bridge, and a little further north of downtown Quebec City, it merges with Autoroute 73, continuing with Autoroute standards for about 45 km and continuing going the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve as a divided highway towards Saguenay.
John L. Murray (judge)
John Loyola Murray (27 June 1943 – 18 January 2023) was an Irish judge who served as Chief Justice of Ireland from 2004 to 2011, a judge of the Supreme Court from 1999 to 2015, a judge of the European Court of Justice from 1992 to 1999 and as Attorney General of Ireland from August 1982 to December 1982 and 1987 to 1991.

Supreme Court of Ireland
The Supreme Court of Ireland (Irish: Cúirt Uachtarach na hÉireann) is the highest judicial authority in Ireland. It is a court of final appeal and exercises, in conjunction with the Court of Appeal and the High Court, judicial review over Acts of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). The Supreme Court also has appellate jurisdiction to ensure compliance with the Constitution of Ireland by governmental bodies and private citizens. It sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.
Gadsden City High School
Gadsden City High School is a public high school, located in Gadsden, Alabama, United States serving approximately 1500 students in grades nine through twelve. The school is the only high school in the Gadsden City School System. Admission is open to any students living in Etowah County, Alabama.

Etowah County, Alabama
Etowah County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census the population was 103,436. Its county seat is Gadsden. Its name is from a Cherokee word meaning 'edible tree'. In total area, it is the smallest county in Alabama, albeit one of the most densely populated.
Etowah County comprises the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area.
XXL Sport & Villmark
XXL AS is a Norwegian sporting goods retailer with brick and mortar stores and online stores in the Nordics. XXL is the largest and fastest growing sports retailer by revenue in the Nordic region. XXL's headquarter is located in Oslo, Norway. XXL opened its first store in central Oslo in 2001 and online store in 2002.

The company was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange (OSE: XXL). It was delisted on 22 July 2025.

The company is since 2025 owned by Frasers Group.

Oslo Stock Exchange
59°54′31.31″N 10°44′52.06″E﻿ / ﻿59.9086972°N 10.7477944°E﻿ / 59.9086972; 10.7477944

Oslo Stock Exchange (Norwegian: Oslo Børs) (OSE: OSLO) is a stock exchange within the Nordic countries and offers Norway's only regulated markets for securities trading today. The stock exchange offers a full product range including equities, derivatives and fixed income instruments.

The Euronext consortium of European stock exchanges controls Oslo Stock Exchange as of June 2019.
Kimodameshi
Kimodameshi (肝試し or きもだめし, pronounced [kʲimodaꜜmeɕi]; lit. "testing one's liver"), known in English as a test of courage, is a Japanese activity in which people explore frightening and potentially dangerous places to build up courage.

At night, usually during the summer, a group of people visits an ominous place such as a cemetery, haunted house, or secluded forest path to carry out specific missions there. The exercise teaches the group that, working together, they can overcome their fear.

Haunted house
A haunted house, spook house or ghost house in ghostlore is a house or other building often perceived as being inhabited by disembodied spirits of the deceased who may have been former residents or were otherwise connected with the property. Parapsychologists often attribute haunting to the spirits of the dead who have suffered from violent or tragic events in the building's past such as murder, accidental death, or suicide.

Upon scientific investigation, alternative causes to supernatural phenomenon are found, such as hoaxes, environmental effects, hallucinations or confirmation biases. Common symptoms of hauntings, like cold spots and creaking or knocking sounds, can be found in most homes regardless of suspected paranormal presences. Carbon monoxide poisoning has also been cited as a cause of suspected hauntings.
Bank of China (Macau)
Bank of China (Macau) (Chinese: 中國銀行 (澳門))is the largest commercial bank in the Macau Special Administrative Region of China. Operating as a wholly owned branch of the state-owned Bank of China, it serves as one of Macau’s two official currency-issuing banks alongside Banco Nacional Ultramarino. Established in 1950, the bank offers a full range of retail, corporate, investment, and cross-border financial services. As of 2024, it is headed by President Jia Tianbing and operates over 30 branches across Macau, accounting for the largest share of the region’s banking assets and employment.

Banco Nacional Ultramarino
Banco Nacional Ultramarino, S.A. (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈbɐ̃ku nɐsiuˈnal ultɾɐmɐˈɾinu], BNU; Chinese: 大西洋銀行; English: National Overseas Bank) is a Macau banking and financial services corporation. It was historically a Portuguese bank with operations throughout the world, especially in Portugal's former overseas provinces. It ceased existence as an independent legal entity in Portugal following its merger in 2001 with Caixa Geral de Depósitos, the government-owned savings bank.

The bank continues operations today under the Banco Nacional Ultramarino brand in Macau, a Chinese special administrative region and former Portuguese colony, where it is also licensed to issue Macanese pataca banknotes.
Ratan Singh of Amber
Ratan Singh (died 15 May 1548) was the Rajput ruler of Amber from 1537 to 1548. Reigning during a period of political uncertainty, Ratan Singh proved to be an ineffective monarch. He faced multiple rebellions among his relatives during his short reign as well as incursions by the Sur Empire. He was assassinated and supplanted by his brother after ten years of rule.

Sur Empire
The Sur Empire was an empire ruled by the Afghan-origin Sur dynasty in northern India for nearly 16 or 18 years, between 1538/1540 and 1556, with Sasaram (in modern-day Bihar) serving as its capital. It was founded by Sher Shah Suri.

The Sur dynasty held control of nearly all the Mughal Empire territories along the Indo-Gangetic Plain, from eastern Balochistan in the west of Indus River to modern-day Rakhine, Myanmar in the east. Even as Sher Shah Suri consolidated his power over North India, Eastern India was still considered to be the seat of Sur power in India. This is demonstrated by the fact that 8 of the 16 silver mint cities he established were in the region between Chunar and Fathabad.
Cantanhede, Portugal
Cantanhede (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐ̃tɐˈɲeðɨ] ⓘ), officially the City of Cantanhede (Portuguese: Cidade de Cantanhede), is a city and municipality in the Coimbra District, in the Centro Region, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 36,595, in an area of 390.88 km2.

Central Region, Portugal
The Central Region (Portuguese: Região do Centro, IPA: [ʁɨʒiˈɐ̃w du ˈsẽtɾu]), also known as Central Portugal (Portugal Central), is one of the statistical regions of Portugal. The cities with major administrative status inside this region are Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Leiria, Castelo Branco and Guarda. It is one of the seven Regions of Portugal (NUTS II subdivisions). It is also one of the regions of Europe, as given by the European Union for statistical and geographical purposes. Its area totals 28,462 km2 (10,989 sq mi). As of 2011, its population totalled 2,327,026 inhabitants, with a population density of 82 inhabitants per square kilometre.