hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pricing science
Pricing science is the application of social and business science methods to the problem of setting prices. Methods include economic modeling, statistics, econometrics, and mathematical programming. This discipline had its origins in the development of yield management in the airline industry in the 1980s, and has since spread to many other sectors and pricing contexts, including yield management in other travel industry sectors, media, retail, manufacturing and distribution.

Pricing science work is effectuated in a variety of ways, from strategic advice on pricing on defining segments for which pricing strategies may vary, to enterprise-class software applications, integrated into price quoting and selling processes.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Satawan
Satawan Atoll is an atoll located about 250 kilometers (160 mi) southeast of Chuuk Lagoon proper.
Geographically it is part of the Nomoi or Mortlock Islands in the Carolines and administratively it is part of Chuuk State in the Federated States of Micronesia. About 3,000 people live on a land area of 5 square kilometers (1.9 sq mi).

A Japanese airfield was located on the atoll during World War II.

Chuuk Lagoon
Chuuk Lagoon, previously Truk Atoll, is an atoll in the central Pacific Ocean. It lies about 1,800 kilometres (970 nautical miles) northeast of New Guinea and is part of Chuuk State within the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). A protective reef, 225 kilometres (140 mi) around, encloses a natural harbour 79 by 50 km (43 nmi × 27 nmi), with an area of 2,130 km2 (820 sq mi). It has a land area of 93.07 square kilometres (35.93 square miles), with a population of 36,158 people and a maximal elevation of 443 metres (1,453 ft). Weno city on Weno (formerly Moen) Island functions as both the atoll's capital and the state capital, and is the largest city in the FSM with its 13,700 people.

Chuuk Lagoon was the Empire of Japan's main naval base in the South Pacific theatre during World War II. It was the site of a major U.S. attack during Operation Hailstone in February 1944, and Operation Inmate, a small assault conducted by British and Canadian forces during June 1945.
Intro (End of the World)
"Intro (End of the World)" is a song by American singer-songwriter Ariana Grande and the opening track of her seventh studio album, Eternal Sunshine (2024). She wrote and produced it with Shintaro Yasuda, Nick Lee, and Aaron Paris. The track puts emphasis on Grande's vocals over flanging guitars, soft strings, and harmonies. Its lyrics depict Grande's doubts and anxieties of an uncertain relationship. An extended and live version were released as part of the album's deluxe editions.

Most critics were generally positive for "Intro (End of the World)", commenting on its significance as the album's opening track and praising the production. The song reached number 19 on the Billboard Global 200 chart and the top ten of national charts in Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam. It charted in many other countries and received certifications in Brazil, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.

Billboard Global 200
The Billboard Global 200 is a weekly record chart published by Billboard. It ranks the top songs globally and is based on digital sales and online streaming from over 200 territories worldwide. First announced in mid-2019, it launched in September 2020.
Lance Palmer
Lance Palmer (born February 7, 1987) is an American professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the featherweight division. A professional since 2011, he is most notable for competing in Professional Fighters League (PFL), where he was the 2018 and 2019 tournament champion.

He currently wrestles for Real American Freestyle (RAF), where he also serves as their head of talent development. As a collegiate wrestler, Palmer was a four-time NCAA Division I All-American and four-time OHSAA state champion. He is a member of the Ohio State Athletics Hall of Fame.

PFL 10 (2019)
The PFL 10 mixed martial arts event for the 2019 season of the Professional Fighters League, the 2019 PFL Championship, was held on December 31, 2019, at the Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York.
KH-2002
The KH-2002 Khaybar (Persian: خیبر Khayber) is an Iranian-designed assault rifle, derived from the DIO S 5.56 assault rifle (an unlicensed clone of the Chinese Norinco CQ, which in turn is an unlicensed copy of the American M16) and further developed by Iran's Defense Industries Organization (DIO). It was designed in 2001 with samples produced in 2003 with the eventual production of the KH2002 commencing in 2004. It is similar in appearance to the QBZ-95 and the FAMAS.

Its improved version, released in 2009, was known as "Sama" (Persian: سما).

Defense Industries Organization
The Defense Industries Organization (DIO) is a conglomerate of companies run by the Islamic Republic of Iran whose function is to provide the Armed Forces with the necessary manufacturing capacity and technical abilities. In recent years, the DIO has attempted to become export-oriented, allowing Iran to become an exporter of weapons.
Airoran people
The Airoran people are an ethnic group of the Banso peoples, inhabiting the western region of the Apauwar River, including parts of Sarmi Regency, Indonesia. They speak various languages including Airoran and Sasawa, all of which belong to the Airoran language family.

Airoran language
Airoran is a language of Indonesia, spoken in the north coast area on the lower Apauwar River of Papua (Irian Jaya), in the villages of Subu, Motobiak, Isirania, etc. It is rather divergent from other Kwerba languages, though clearly related.
Fryns–Aftimos syndrome
Fryns-Aftimos syndrome (also known as Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1, or BWS1) is a rare chromosomal condition and is associated with pachygyria, severe intellectual disability, epilepsy and characteristic facial features. This syndrome is a malformation syndrome, characterized by numerous facial dysmorphias not limited to hypertelorism, iris or retinal coloboma, cleft lip, and congenital heart defects. This syndrome has been seen in 30 unrelated people. Characterized by a de novo mutation located on chromosome 7p22, there is typically no family history prior to onset. The severity of the disorder can be determined by the size of the deletion on 7p22, enveloping the ACTB gene and surrounding genes, which is consistent with a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. Confirming a diagnosis of Fryns-Aftimos syndrome typically consists of serial single-gene testing or multigene panel of genes of interest or exome sequencing.

Exome sequencing
Exome sequencing, also known as whole exome sequencing (WES), is a genomic technique for sequencing all of the protein-coding regions of genes in a genome (known as the exome). It consists of two steps: the first step is to select only the subset of DNA that encodes proteins. These regions are known as exons—humans have about 180,000 exons, constituting about 1% of the human genome, or approximately 30 million base pairs. The second step is to sequence the exonic DNA using any high-throughput DNA sequencing technology.

The goal of this approach is to identify genetic variants that alter protein sequences, and to do this at a much lower cost than whole-genome sequencing. Since these variants can be responsible for both Mendelian and common polygenic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, whole exome sequencing has been applied both in academic research and as a clinical diagnostic.
Ricky Karanda Suwardi
Ricky Karanda Suwardi (born 21 January 1992) is an Indonesian badminton player specializing in doubles. He is from Mutiara Cardinal Bandung club. Paired with Angga Pratama started end of 2014, the 2015 Singapore Open became the first BWF World Superseries title for him in the men's doubles after beating Chinese pair Fu Haifeng and Zhang Nan in the final by 21–15, 11–21, 21–14.

Fu Haifeng
Fu Haifeng (born 23 August 1983) is a Chinese badminton player. He is considered one of the all-time greats of badminton. Combining Fu Haifeng's impressive power with his regular partner Cai Yun's impressive speed, he has won numerous top tier events on the world circuit including the All England Open in 2005 and 2009 and the BWF World Championships in 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2011. Cai and Fu have helped China win five consecutive Thomas Cup (World men's team championships) (2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012) and four consecutive Sudirman Cup (World mixed team championships) (2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011). Cai and Fu also competed together in the Olympic games 3 times, including the 2004, the 2008 and the 2012 Olympic Games.
Danny Gare
Daniel Mirl Gare (born May 14, 1954) is a Canadian broadcaster, ice hockey coach and former National Hockey League (NHL) player, most notably of the Buffalo Sabres. During a 13-year professional career, Gare also played for the Detroit Red Wings and Edmonton Oilers.  He was a two-time All-Star right winger who twice scored 50 goals in a season for the Sabres.

NHL All-Star Game
The National Hockey League All-Star Game (French: Match des étoiles de la Ligue nationale de hockey) is an exhibition ice hockey tournament that is traditionally held during the regular season of the National Hockey League (NHL), with many of the League's star players playing against each other. The games' proceeds benefit the pension fund of the players, and the winning team is awarded $1,000,000 towards a charity of their choice.

The NHL All-Star Game, held in late January or early February, marks the symbolic halfway point in the regular season, though not the mathematical halfway point which, for most seasons, is usually one or two weeks earlier. Between 2007 and 2020, it was held in late January. It was skipped in 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2022 to 2024 editions were held on the first Saturday of February. The 2026 All-Star Game was skipped in favor of allowing players to focus on participating in the 2026 Winter Olympics.
Cathal O'Connor Faly
Cathal O'Connor Faly (Irish: Cathal Ó Conchobhair Failghe; c. 1540 – October 1596) was an Irish rebel of noble ancestry.

As a young man, O'Connor Faly was a political spy for Catholics in Great Britain. He became a rebel and killed English soldier Henry Mackworth before escaping to Spain in the 1580s, where he joined the Spanish Armada. Known by the Spanish as Don Carlos, he died in a shipwreck on the 2nd Armada.

His claim to the lordship of Offaly (Irish: Uí Failghe) was recognised by the Spanish, but not by the English.

Kingdom of Uí Failghe
The kingdom of Uí Fháilghe, Uí Failge (early spelling) or Uíbh Fhailí (modern spelling), (pronounced [iːvʲ ˈalʲiː]) was a Gaelic-Irish kingdom which existed to 1550, the name of which (though not the territory) is preserved in the name of County Offaly (Irish: Contae Uíbh Fhailí), Ireland.

County Offaly was constructed from elements of a number of ancient Irish Kingdoms of which Uí Failghe was one amongst such as Mide (present day west Offaly) and Munster (present day south Offaly). In modern territorial boundaries the kingdom today would correspond with County Offaly east of Tullamore, western parts of Kildare and parts of north east Laois. The name was also retained in the names of two baronies in County Kildare that formed part of the kingdom, Offaly (Ophaley) East and Offaly (Ophaley) West.
ZM Auckland
ZM Auckland is a hit music radio station in Auckland, New Zealand. The station is the host of the ZM network, and is owned and operated by New Zealand Media and Entertainment.

Several stations have been set up since 2002 to carry ZM programmes from Auckland with local advertisements – ZM Gisborne in 2002, ZM Wanganui in 2004, ZM South Canterbury in September 2004, ZM Blenheim in January 2007, ZM Wairarapa in 2010, ZM Taupo in 2013, ZM Queenstown in 2014, ZM Wanaka in May 2016, ZM West Coast in July 2020 and ZM Coromandel in December 2021.

New Zealand Media and Entertainment
New Zealand Media and Entertainment (abbreviated NZME) is a New Zealand newspaper, radio and digital media business. It was launched in 2014 as the merger of APN New Zealand (a division of APN News & Media), the Radio Network (formerly part of the Australian Radio Network) and GrabOne, one of New Zealand's biggest ecommerce websites.

NZME brands include flagship national newspaper The New Zealand Herald, and regional newspapers Bay of Plenty Times, Rotorua Daily Post, Hawke's Bay Today, Northern Advocate and Gisborne Herald. Its radio division operates multiple networks, including the country's largest commercial station Newstalk ZB, The Hits, ZM, Radio Hauraki, Flava, Coast, and Gold. The company owns the New Zealand rights to the iHeartRadio service. It also owns the Tauranga-based SunMedia company.
Chris Murphy (Gaelic footballer)
Christopher Murphy (1968 – 15 December 2024) was a Northern Irish Gaelic football coach and player. At club level he played with Castlewellan, St Paul's and Clan na Gael and was also a member of the Antrim senior football team.

Murphy's club career began with Castlewellan in Down before later moving to St Paul's in Belfast. He won three Antrim SFC medals with the latter club in a four-year period. At inter-county level, Murphy was part of the Antrim team that won the Ulster U21FC title in 1989. He later lined out with the senior team. Murphy's club career also brought him to Clan na Gael in Lurgan, where he was named Player of the Year in 2003. He returned to St Paul's as a coach at underage levels.

Murphy died on 15 December 2024, at the age of 56.

Antrim Senior Football Championship
The Antrim Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition between the top Gaelic football clubs in Antrim GAA. The winners of the championship represent Antrim in the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship.

The current  champions are Dunloy, having defeated  Erin's Own, Cargin in the 2025 final.
G. V. Iyer
Ganapathi Venkataramana Iyer (3 September 1917 – 21 December 2003) was an Indian film director and actor. He was nicknamed "Kannada Chitra Bheeshma". His film Adi Shankaracharya (1983) won four National Film Award, including Best Film, Best Screenplay, Best Cinematography and Best Audiography. His film Swami Vivekananda (1998) was nominated in the Best Film category at the Bogotá Film Festival, for which Mithun Chakraborty won the national award for Best Supporting Actor.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.
Justin McNulty
Justin McNulty MLA (born 15 November 1974) is an Irish politician, a Gaelic football manager, and a former player at senior level for the Armagh county team. He has served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Newry and Armagh since 2016.

McNulty played football for the Mullaghbawn Cúchullain's club in Armagh and also played at senior level for the Armagh county team from 1995 to 2005. He won an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) medal in 2002 while playing in the full-back position.

Armagh county football team
The Armagh county football team (/ɑːrˈmɑː/ ar-MAH) represents the Armagh GAA, a county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, in Gaelic football. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Ulster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Armagh's home ground is the Athletic Grounds, Armagh. The team's manager is Kieran McGeeney. Their longest-standing and fiercest rivalry is with Tyrone, another Ulster-based team and one of Armagh's geographic neighbors.

The team last won the Ulster Senior Championship in 2008, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2024 and the National League in 2005.
Musumba
Musumba is a large town in Lualaba Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Lunda.: 39  The practices of the Lunda kingdom still persist in Musumba.

As the Lunda Empire expanded in the 1730s and 1740s and into the 1750s large amounts of people from other areas were brought to Musumba.

Musumba was the birthplace of Moïse Tshombe, a Congolese businessman and politician.: 193

Lunda Empire
The Lunda Empire or Lunda Commonwealth was a confederation or commonwealth of states in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo, north-eastern Angola, and north-western Zambia. Its central state was in Katanga.
Dusty – The Original Pop Diva
Dusty – The Original Pop Diva is an Australian jukebox musical based on the life of Dusty Springfield. The book of the musical was written by John-Michael Howson, David Mitchell and Melvyn Morrow. Dusty received its world premiere on 12 January 2006 at the State Theatre of the Victorian Arts Centre, Melbourne, Australia.

Jukebox musical
A jukebox musical is a stage musical or musical film in which a majority of the songs are well-known, pre-existing popular music songs, rather than original music composed for the musical.

Some jukebox musicals use a wide variety of songs, while others confine themselves to songs previously performed by one singer or band, or written by one songwriter. In such cases, the plot is often a biography of the artist or artists. In other jukebox musicals, the plot is purely fictional. For musicals about a musician or musical act, some of the songs can be diegetic, meaning that they are performed within the world of the play or film. Works in which all of the music is diegetic, however, such as a biographical film about a singer who is at times shown performing their songs, are generally not considered jukebox musicals.

Revues that lack a plot are also usually not described as jukebox musicals, although plotless shows that include a dance element sometimes are.
Sumdorong Chu
Sumdorong Chu (Tibetan: གསུམ་རྡོ་རོང་ཆུ, Wylie: gsum rdo rong chu; Chinese: 桑多洛河; pinyin: Sāng duō luò hé)
is a tributary of the Nyamjang Chu river that flows along the disputed Sino-Indian border between the Tsona County of Tibet and the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh.  It originates in the Tokpo Shiri Glacier, about 7–10 kilometres east of Nyamjang Chu, and flows down to the river.
Its junction with Nyamjang Chu is about two kilometers to the north of that of Namka Chu, another contested river valley.

The Sumdorong Chu valley was the site of a standoff between India and China in 1986–1987 which, despite giving rise to the fears of another war, deescalated successfully. Subsequently, India and China formulated agreements for managing future border tensions.

Tawang district
Tawang district (Pron:/tɑ:ˈwæŋ or təˈwæŋ/) is a district of the Arunachal Pradesh state in northeastern India. It is the smallest of 26 districts of Arunachal Pradesh by land area, and has a population of 49,977 people. The district headquarters is the Tawang town with its historical monastery. The district borders the Tibet region of China in the north, Bhutan in the west, and the West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh in the south.
Kamitobaguchi Station
Kamitobaguchi Station (上鳥羽口駅, Kamitobaguchi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in Fushimi-ku in Kyoto, Japan. It is operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway. It is station number B04.

Kintetsu Railway
Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. (近畿日本鉄道株式会社, Kinki-nippon Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), referred to as Kintetsu (近鉄) and officially Kinki-Nippon Railway, is a Japanese passenger railway company, managing infrastructure and operating passenger train service. Its railway system is the largest in Japan, excluding Japan Railways Group. The railway network connects Osaka, Nara, Kyoto, Nagoya, Tsu, Ise, and Yoshino. Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kintetsu Group Holdings Co., Ltd.
Vera Zakharova
Vera Kirillovna Zakharova (Russian: Вера Кирилловна Захарова; 12 July 1920 – 1 January 2010) was a Po-2 air ambulance pilot in the Soviet Air Force during World War II, a student of aviation pioneer Valery Kuzmin, and the first Yakut woman pilot.

Valery Kuzmin
Valery Ilyich Kuzmin (Russian: Валерий Ильич Кузьмин; 7 November 1918 – 1 June 1983) was an aviation pioneer in Yakutia who became the director of the Yakutsk division of Aeroflot, the Soviet state airline, a recipient of the titles Honoured Pilot of the USSR as well as Hero of Socialist Labor. He was also the first ethnic Yakut pilot.
Lisa Neumann
Lisa Neumann (born 23 December 1993) is a Welsh Rugby Union player who plays wing for the Wales women's national rugby union team and Harlequins. Neumann made her international debut in 2018, and represented the Wales squad at the 2021 Women's Six Nations Championship.

Wales women's national rugby union team
The Wales women's national rugby union team first played in 1987. Wales plays in the Women's Rugby World Cup and the Women's Six Nations Championship. Their current head coach, as of January 2025, is Sean Lynn.
Piran Minorite Monastery
The Piran Minorite Monastery (Slovene: Minoritski samostan sv. Frančiška v Piranu) is a Roman Catholic monastery located in Piran, a historical port town on the coast of the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Slovenia. It is operated by the Order of Friars Minor Conventual.

Order of Friars Minor Conventual
The Order of Friars Minor Conventual (O.F.M. Conv.) is a male religious fraternity in the Catholic Church and a branch of the Franciscan Order.  Conventual Franciscan Friars are identified by the affix O.F.M. Conv. after their names. They are also known as Conventual Franciscans or Minorites.

The Conventual Franciscan Friars have worldwide provinces that date to the 13th century. They dress in black or grey habits with white cords. Many friars engage in such ministries as teaching, parish ministry and service to the poor.