hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
AA tree
An AA tree in computer science is a form of balanced tree used for storing and retrieving ordered data efficiently. AA trees are named after their originator, Swedish computer scientist Arne Andersson.

AA trees are a variation of the red–black tree, a form of binary search tree which supports efficient addition and deletion of entries. Unlike red–black trees, red nodes on an AA tree can only be added as a right subchild. In other words, no red node can be a left sub-child.  This results in the simulation of a 2–3 tree instead of a 2–3–4 tree, which greatly simplifies the maintenance operations. The maintenance algorithms for a red–black tree need to consider seven different shapes to properly balance the tree:

An AA tree on the other hand only needs to consider two shapes due to the strict requirement that only right links can be red:

2–3 tree
In computer science, a 2–3 tree is a tree data structure, where every node with children (internal node) has either two children (2-node) and one data element or three children (3-node) and two data elements. A 2–3 tree is a B-tree of order 3. Nodes on the outside of the tree (leaf nodes) have no children and one or two data elements. 2–3 trees were invented by John Hopcroft in 1970.

2–3 trees are required to be balanced, meaning that each leaf is at the same level. It follows that each right, center, and left subtree of a node contains the same or close to the same amount of data.
Pierian Mountains
The Pierian Mountains (or commonly referred to as Piéria) are a mountain range between Imathia, Pieria and Kozani Region, south of the plain of Kampania in Central Macedonia, Greece. The village of Vergina, where the archaeological site of ancient Aigai lies, is built at the foot of these mountains. The highest point in the range is Flampouro at 2,193m (7,195 feet). The Pierian Mountains are the site of the ski resort of Elatochori. They also have two mountaineering refuges, at 1000m and 1680m.

Pieria (regional unit)
Pieria (Greek: Πιερία) is one of the regional units of Greece located in the southern part of the Region of Central Macedonia, within the historical province of Macedonia. Its capital is the town of Katerini. The name Pieria originates from the ancient Pieres tribe. In Pieria, there are many sites of archeological interest, such as Dion, Pydna, Leivithra and Platamonas. Pieria contains Mount Pierus, from which Hermes takes flight in order to visit Calypso, and is the home of Orpheus,  the Muses, and contains the Pierian Spring. Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece and throne of the ancient Greek gods, is located in the southern part of Pieria. Other ancient cities included Leibethra and Pimpleia.
Štefan Vrablec
Štefan Vrablec (21 February 1925 in Závod, Czechoslovakia, present-day Slovakia – 1 September 2017 in Nitra, Slovakia) was a Slovak Roman Catholic prelate, who served as an Auxiliary Bishop of Bratislava-Trnava and Titular Bishop of Thasbalta since 1998 until 2004.

Vrablec was ordained as a Catholic priest on December 23, 1950, in Italy, because of the Communist Government of Czechoslovakia and the persecution of the Roman Catholic Church by the government. He served as priest in Italy, and was the Rector of the Pontifical College of St. Cyril and Methodius for the Slovaks in Rome. On June 19, 1998, he was appointed as titular bishop of Thasbalta and Auxiliary Bishop of Bratislava-Trnava, until his retirement on April 2, 2004.

Thasbalta
Thasbalta was a city and Catholic diocese in the Roman province of Africa proconsularis during the Roman Empire and of Byzacena during late antiquity.
The exact location of this city is unknown but it was in the Oued es Segui river valley, north of Tozeur in the Sahel region of Tunisia.

Thasbalta (Italian: Tasbalta) was also the seat of a former Christian bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church which survives today as a titular bishopric (Dioecesis Thasbaltensis)

The most recent bishop was Štefan Vrablec, former Auxiliary Bishop of Bratislava-Trnava, who died in 2017.
Bienio progresista
In the history of Spain, the bienio progresista (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbjenjo pɾoɣɾeˈsista], "Progressive Biennium" or "Progressivist Biennium") was the two-year period from July 1854 to July 1856, during which the Progressive Party attempted to reform the political system of the reign of Isabella II, which had been dominated by the Moderate Party since 1843 in the so-called década moderada. The Progressives were exaltados or veinteañistas, advocates of radical liberalism, in contrast to the conservative liberalism of the doceañistas or Moderates.

Moderate Party (Spain)
The Moderate Party (Spanish: Partido Moderado) or Moderate Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Moderado) was one of the two Spanish political parties that contended for power during the reign of Isabel II (reigned 1833–1868). Like the opposing Progressive Party (Spanish: Partido Progresista), it characterised itself as liberal and dynasticist; both parties supported Isabel against the claims of the Carlists.

The Moderates contained various factions. Some supported working with Progressives, but others sought closer ties with the Old Regime. However, the party's dominant ideology was adherence to the centrist juste milieu of the French Doctrinaires.
Japanese occupation of Gyeongbokgung
The Japanese occupation of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Korean: 일본군의 경복궁 점령) or the Gabo Incident occurred on 23 July 1894, during the ceasefire of the Donghak Peasant Revolution and the beginning of the First Sino-Japanese War. Imperial Japanese forces led by Japanese Minister Plenipotentiary to Korea Ōtori Keisuke and Ōshima Yoshimasa occupied Gyeongbokgung palace to restore King Gojong's father Heungseon Daewongun and establish a pro-Japanese government under Kim Hong-jip and the Enlightenment Party's administration.

Enlightenment Party
The Kaehwa Party (Korean: 개화파, 개화당; Hanja: 開化派, 開化黨; lit. Enlightenment Party), sometimes written as the Kaehwapa or Kaehwadang, was a liberal and progressive party in the Korean state Joseon. It was also called the Independence Party of Joseon, the Innovation Party of Joseon, and the Reformist Faction.
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. v. United States
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. v. United States, 261 U.S. 592 (1923), is a US Supreme Court case on contract law. The Supreme Court held that an implied in fact contract exists as, “an agreement … founded upon a meeting of minds, which, although not embodied in an express  contract, is inferred, as a fact, from conduct of the parties showing, in the light  of the surrounding circumstances, their tacit understanding.”

Meeting of the minds
Meeting of the minds (also referred to as mutual agreement, mutual assent, or consensus ad idem) is a phrase in contract law used to describe the intentions of the parties forming the contract. In particular, it refers to the situation where there is a common understanding in the formation of the contract. Formation of a contract is initiated with a proposal or offer. This condition or element is considered a requirement to the formation of a contract in some jurisdictions.
Lottie Lyell
Lottie Lyell (born Charlotte Edith Cox, 23 February 1890 – 21 December 1925) was an Australian actress, screenwriter, editor and filmmaker. She is regarded as Australia's first film star, and also contributed to the local industry during the silent era through her collaborations with director and writer Raymond Longford.

Ginger Mick
Ginger Mick is a 1920 Australian silent film directed by Raymond Longford based on The Moods of Ginger Mick by C. J. Dennis, which had sold over 70,000 copies. It is a sequel to The Sentimental Bloke (1919) and is considered a lost film.
Barton R. Voigt
Barton R. Voigt (born 1949) was Chief Justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court between the years 2006 and 2010.

Voigt moved to Thermopolis, Wyoming as a child and was raised there. He obtained a B.A. and M.A. in American History, as well as a J.D., at the University of Wyoming. He practiced law in Thermopolis for ten years, serving as Hot Springs County attorney for two terms. After two years as a county judge in Gillette, he spent the next eight years as a district judge in Douglas. He was appointed to the court on March 29, 2001, and became Chief Justice on July 1, 2006.

He retired from the Wyoming Supreme Court in January 2014.

Thermopolis, Wyoming
Thermopolis is the county seat and most populous town in Hot Springs County, Wyoming, United States. As of the 2020 census, Thermopolis had a population of 2,725.

Thermopolis, Greek for "hot city", is the location of numerous natural hot springs, in which mineral-laden waters are heated by geothermal processes.

The town claims the world's largest mineral hot spring, "The Big Spring", as part of Hot Springs State Park. The springs are open to the public for free as part of an 1896 treaty signed with the Shoshone and Arapaho Indian tribes.
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
The Journal of Coatings Technology and Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is owned by the American Coatings Association and published on their behalf by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief of the journal is Dr. Mark Nichols (Ford Motor Company).

American Coatings Association
The American Coatings Association (ACA) is a non-profit trade association representing the paint and coatings industry in the United States. ACA advocates on legislative and regulatory matters that affect its membership, including paint and coatings manufacturers, distributors, suppliers of raw materials and other industry professionals. ACA's chairman is Jeffrey J. Powell, and its vice-chairman and treasurer is Chase Bean.
Borzyszkowo, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Borzyszkowo [bɔʐɨʂˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Więcbork, within Sępólno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

The village has an approximate population of 170.

Gmina Więcbork
Gmina Więcbork is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Sępólno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Więcbork, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Sępólno Krajeńskie and 43 km (27 mi) north-west of Bydgoszcz.

The gmina covers an area of 235.71 square kilometres (91.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,028 (out of which the population of Więcbork amounts to 5,788, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,240).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Krajna Landscape Park.
New Amsterdam, Guyana
New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) is the regional capital of East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana and one of the country's largest towns. It is 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the capital, Georgetown and located on the eastern bank of the Berbice River, 6 km (4 mi) upriver from its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean, and immediately south of the Canje River. New Amsterdam's population is 14,762 inhabitants as of 2022.

East Berbice-Corentyne
East Berbice-Corentyne (Region 6) is one of ten regions in Guyana covering the whole of the east of the country. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the Nickerie District and Sipaliwini District of Suriname to the east, Brazil to the south and  the regions of Mahaica-Berbice, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Potaro-Siparuni and Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo to the west.

Towns in the region include New Amsterdam, Corriverton and Rose Hall.

The Corentyne River forms the whole of the eastern border with Suriname, though the southernmost section is claimed by Suriname and is known in Guyana as the New River Triangle or Tigri Area in Suriname.
2019 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior)
The 2019 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior) was the 19th continental championships for European under-23 and junior track cyclists, and the 10th since the event was renamed following the reorganisation of European track cycling in 2010. The event took place at the Vlaams Wielercentrum Eddy Merckx in Ghent, Belgium from 9 to 14 July 2019.

Vlaams Wielercentrum Eddy Merckx
The Flemish Cycling Center Eddy Merckx is a sport complex with indoor cycling track in the Belgian city of Ghent. It is named after the famous Belgian road and track cyclist Eddy Merckx.

The venue hosted the 1988 UCI Track Cycling World Championships and the 2009 European Track Cycling Championships, and for years it is the permanent location of the Belgian National track championships.
160th meridian east
The meridian 160° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 160th meridian east forms a great circle with the 20th meridian west.

In Antarctica, the meridian defines the border between the Australian Antarctic Territory and the Ross Dependency.

Australian Antarctic Territory
The Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT) is a part of East Antarctica claimed by Australia as an external territory. It is administered by the Australian Antarctic Division, an agency of the federal Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water.  It is the largest sector of Antarctica by area claimed by any country. Australia is an original signatory to the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, under which all territorial claims are held in abeyance. Only four other countries accept Australia's claim to sovereignty, being New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, and Norway, all of which have territorial claims in Antarctica and mutually accept one another's claims.
Student Agency
Student Agency is a Czech travel agency whose main focuses are on au-pair programmes, resale of airline tickets, bus and rail transport. Its headquarters are in Brno, Czech Republic. Despite the company's name, their services are not sold exclusively to students. Student Agency is the sole owner of RegioJet, which operates bus and rail transport across the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The company was founded by Radim Jančura, a graduate of the Brno University of Technology. Since its registration in 1996, Jančura has remained CEO and is the sole owner.

Brno University of Technology
Brno University of Technology (BUT; Czech: Vysoké učení technické v Brně, VUT) is a university in Brno, Czech Republic. It was founded in 1899, and initially offered a single course in civil engineering, then grew to become a major technical Czech university with over 18,000 students enrolled at 8 faculties and 2 university institutes.
Varanasi Cantonment Assembly constituency
Varanasi Cantonment is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Varanasi Cantonment in the Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Varanasi Cantonment is one of five assembly constituencies in the Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 390 amongst 403 constituencies.

As of now, this seat belongs to Bharatiya Janta Party candidate Saurabh Srivastava who won in 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections by defeating Indian National Congress candidate Anil Srivastava by a margin of 61,326 votes.

Varanasi district
Varanasi district is a district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, with the holy city of Varanasi as the district headquarters. It is also the headquarters of the Varanasi division which contains 4 districts (including Varanasi).

It is surrounded by Mirzapur district, Jaunpur district, Ghazipur district, Chandauli district, and Bhadohi district. The Ganga (Ganges) river flows through the district. Part of the Varanasi division, the district occupies an area of 1,535 square kilometres (593 sq mi) and as of the 2011 Census of India, it had a population of 3,676,841.
Reich Richter Pärt
Reich Richter Pärt was a duo of 2019 live immersive interdisciplinary performance pieces which combined paintings, new musical compositions, and film.  The work in its original form was site specific as commissioned for and staged under the guidance of curators Hans Ulrich Obrist and Alex Poots at "The Shed in an architectural setting which is possessed with the ability to morph according to the work being exhibited and or performed therein.  The work as titled consisted of a pair of artistic collaborations;  firstly between the German artist Gerhard Richter and the Estonian composer Arvo Pärt  (which built upon a concept originally developed by Obrist and Poots for the Manchester International Festival) and secondly between Richter and the American composer Steve Reich. The second part of the work also featured a collaboration between Richter and the filmmaker Corinna Belz, a film based on the artist's 2012 book Patterns.

Gerhard Richter
Gerhard Richter (German: [ˈɡeːɐ̯haʁt ˈʁɪçtɐ]; born 9 February 1932) is a German visual artist. Richter has produced abstract as well as photorealistic paintings, photographs and glass pieces. He is widely regarded as one of the most important contemporary German artists and several of his works have set record prices at auction, with him being the most expensive living painter at one time.

Richter has been called the "greatest living painter", "the world's most important artist" and the "Picasso of the 21st century".
Lucian W. Parrish
Lucian Walton "Father" Parrish (January 10, 1878 – March 27, 1922) was a U.S. representative from Texas, and a star college athlete and coach.

Born in Sister Grove, near Van Alstyne, Texas, Parrish moved with his parents to Clay County in 1887 and settled near Joy, Texas where they owned a ranch. He attended the public schools of Joy and Bowie, Texas, and the North Texas State Normal College at Denton, Texas (now the University of North Texas).

Joy, Texas
Joy is an unincorporated community in southern Clay County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 100 in 2000. It is located within the Wichita Falls metropolitan area.
Benoît Paire
Benoît "Ben" Paire (French pronunciation: [bənwa pɛːʁ]; born 8 May 1989) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 18, achieved in January 2016.

He has won three singles titles, at the 2015 Swedish Open, the 2019 Marrakesh Open and the 2019 Lyon Open. His best result in a Grand Slam has been reaching the fourth round on four occasions. He has a career-high ranking of World No. 65 in doubles achieved on 15 November 2021.

In 2015, Paire was voted Comeback Player of the Year, rising from world No. 118 ATP singles ranking at year-end 2014 to a then career-high world No. 19 at year-end 2015, after a knee injury had sidelined him for much of 2014.

Federico Coria
Federico Coria (born 9 March 1992) is an Argentine professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 49, achieved on 13 February 2023 and a doubles ranking of No. 238, achieved on 22 November 2021.

Coria competes on the ATP Challenger Tour and has won six singles titles and one in doubles.
Timeline of autocephaly of Eastern Orthodox churches
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, a "tomos of autocephaly" grants ecclesiastical independence from a mother church. As of 2025, there are 14 completely recognized autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Churches, with 3 partially recognized Eastern Orthodox churches.

The "date" column is determined the most recent date with support from a Patriarch (self-declared autocephaly is not taken into consideration). The "date" column also excludes former autocephaly halted by a force, and re-granted later.

*Any tomoi once proclaimed, but no longer accepted.

Autocephaly
Autocephaly (/ɔːtəˈsɛfəli/; from Greek  αὐτοκεφαλία (autokephalia) 'self-headed') is the status of a hierarchical Christian church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. The term is primarily used in Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches. The status has been compared with that of the churches (provinces) within the Anglican Communion.
Martin Pakula
Martin Philip Pakula (born 7 January 1969) is an Australian former politician. He has been a Labor Party member of the Parliament of Victoria from 2006 to 2022: in the Legislative Council for Western Metropolitan Region from 2006 to 2013, and then in the Legislative Assembly for Lyndhurst (2013–2014) and Keysborough (2014–2022).

Pakula has served as a minister in the First Andrews Ministry and Second Andrews Ministry. Most recently until June 2022, Pakula was the Minister for Industry Support and Recovery, Minister for Trade, Minister for Business Precincts from June 2020, the Minister for Tourism, Sport & Major Events from November 2018, and the Minister for Racing from December 2014. He previously served as the Minister for Jobs, Innovation & Trade (2018–2020), Attorney-General (2014–2018). He also served as Minister for Industrial Relations (2008–2010), Minister for Industry and Trade (2008–2010) and Minister for Public Transport (2010) in the Brumby Ministry.

Electoral district of Keysborough
The electoral district of Keysborough was an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly in Australia. It was created in the redistribution of electoral boundaries in 2013, and came into effect at the 2014 state election.

It largely covered the area of the former district of Lyndhurst, covering southeast suburbs of Melbourne. It included the suburbs of Springvale South, Noble Park, Keysborough, and Dingley Village.

The seat of Keysborough was only ever held by Labor MP Martin Pakula during its existence.

The seat was abolished by the Electoral Boundaries Commission ahead of the 2022 election and predominantly split into the electoral districts of Clarinda, Dandenong and Mordialloc.
Capitán Manuel Niño Airport
Changuinola "Capitan Manuel Niño" International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de Changuinola "Capitan Manuel Niño") (IATA: CHX, ICAO: MPCH) is an airport serving Changuinola, the capital of the Changuinola District in the Bocas del Toro Province in Panama. The name is in honor of the first Panamanian pilot.

Changuinola
Changuinola is a city in the Bocas del Toro Province of Panama and seat city of the Changuinola District. The city attracts tourists as a popular gateway to Bocas Town and nearby cities Almirante and Chiriqui Grande.
Changuinola is surrounded by Changuinola River and extensive banana plantations.
Norwegian Booksellers' Prize
The Norwegian Booksellers' Prize (Bokhandlerprisen) is a literature prize awarded annually  by the Norwegian Booksellers Association after voting among all who work in Norwegian bookstores.

The prize is awarded for one of the year's books in the fiction / general literature category, including children's and youth books. The prize was initiated in 1948, then did not return until 1961. It was also on a hiatus from 1970 to 1980.

Tore Renberg
Tore Renberg is a Norwegian writer and musician. He is the author of several books within various genres, including novels, short stories and children's books, as well as writing for film and stage. His work has been translated into  copious languages.
Ruch Chorzów
Ruch Chorzów (Polish: [ˈrux ˈxɔʐuf] ⓘ) is a Polish professional football club based in Chorzów, Upper Silesia. It is one of the most successful football teams in Poland, having won fourteen Polish Championships, and the Polish Cup three times. As of the 2025–26 season, they compete in the I liga.

Ruch's home venue is the Ruch Chorzów Stadium, with a capacity of 9,300 seats. As it is currently under renovation, Ruch temporarily hosts their games at the Silesian Stadium in Chorzów with a capacity of 55,211 seats. The club is known for its Silesian identity. Ruch also operates a women's handball team, who have won nine national titles, and a men's futsal department.

Zygmunt Maszczyk
Zygmunt Paweł Maszczyk (born 3 May 1945) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

He earned 36 caps with the Poland national team and was a participant at the 1974 FIFA World Cup, where Poland won the bronze medal, at the 1972 Summer Olympics, where Poland won the gold medal and at the 1976 Summer Olympics, where Poland won the silver medal. In 1975, he won the Polish Footballer of the Year plebiscite organized by the Piłka Nożna football weekly.