hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iris latistyla
Iris latistyla is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the section 'Lophiris section, although it was thought to be listed within Iris subg. Nepalensis in some sources. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Tibet and China, with violet or blue-purple flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris subg. Nepalensis
Iris subg. Nepalensis is one subgenus of Iris, also known as 'Himalayan irises'. It was formerly genus Junopsis.

The irises have fleshy-like roots very similar to a day lily (Hemerocallis). They are best grown in a semi-shady spot in a bulb frame. Most bulbs in the subgenus are found in the Himalayas and Yunnan region.

Only four species are known.

Iris decora Wall.

Iris colletti Hook.

Iris staintonii H Hara

Iris barbatula  Noltie & K.Y.Guan
2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA play-offs
The UEFA play-offs of the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification competition involved the runners-up from all nine groups in the group stage.

The play-offs consisted of two rounds of single-leg ties. The two best play-off winners, the Republic of Ireland and Switzerland, qualified for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup, while the third winner, Portugal, advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs.

2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification (UEFA)
The European qualifying competition for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup was a women's football competition that determined the eleven UEFA teams which directly qualified for the final tournament in Australia and New Zealand, and the one team which advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs.

Fifty-one of the 55 UEFA member national teams entered the qualifying competition, with Cyprus making their World Cup qualifying debut and Luxembourg appearing in a group stage for the first time ever.
HESA Karrar
The HESA Karrar (Persian: کرار) is an Iranian jet-powered target drone manufactured by Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA) since 2010. The Karrar is a derivative of the American 1970s-era Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker target drone, probably incorporating elements from the South African Skua, with hardpoints added for munitions. The Karrar was developed during the Ahmadinejad presidency.

As a target drone, the Karrar is used to train air-defense crews by simulating an aerial target. The Karrar is regularly spotted at Iranian air-defense drills, and is believed to be the replacement for Iran's aging American-built MQM-107 target drones. Karrar jet unmanned-aerial-vehicles are recently equipped with Shahab-e-Saqeb (missile) and with the Majid heat-seeking 8 km range missile in order to hit air targets.

Denel Dynamics Skua
The Denel Dynamics Skua is a turbojet-engined target drone used to simulate fast-moving attack aircraft during surface-to-air and air-to-air training exercises and weapons tests. It is manufactured by the Denel Dynamics division of the South African state-owned Denel aerospace and defence conglomerate.
Limited government
In political philosophy, limited government is the concept of a government limited in power. It is a key concept in the history of liberalism. Aditionally Limited Government is a core tenet of democracy.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Chinatichampsus
Chinatichampsus ("Chinati Mountains crocodile") is an extinct genus of alligatorid from Texas. A single specimen, consisting of a partial skull, was discovered in 2010, in strata from the Eocene-aged (42.8–41.5 Ma) Devil's Graveyard Formation. The specimen was probably mature judging by its size and the shape and size of the fenestrae (skull holes). It was described and named in 2021 by a team consisting of Michelle R. Stocker, Christopher A. Brochu, and E. Christopher Kirk. One species of Chinatichampsus, C. wilsonorum, has been named. Chinatichampsus was initially recovered as the most basal Eocene caimanine, part of the alligatorid subfamily which includes modern caimans, though a subsequent analysis found it to be part of a caimanine stem group including Gnatusuchus and Protocaiman.

Gnatusuchus
Gnatusuchus is an extinct genus of caiman represented by the type species Gnatusuchus pebasensis from the Middle Miocene Pebas Formation of Peru. Gnatusuchus lived about 13 million years ago (Ma) in a large wetland system called the Pebas mega-wetlands that covered over one million square kilometers of what is now the Amazon Basin (the modern basin had not yet developed at that time and instead of draining from west to east into the Atlantic Ocean, river systems drained northward through the wetlands and into the Caribbean Sea).
Culture III
Culture III is the fourth and final studio album by American hip-hop group Migos. It was released on June 11, 2021, by Quality Control Music and Motown. The album features guest appearances from Drake, Cardi B, Polo G, Future, Justin Bieber, Juice Wrld, Pop Smoke, and YoungBoy Never Broke Again. It is the follow-up to their 2018 album Culture II and serves as the conclusion to their Culture trilogy. A deluxe edition was released six days later, including five additional tracks.

Culture III was supported by two singles: "Need It" and "Straightenin", as well as the promotional single, "Avalanche". The album received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200.

Culture II
Culture II is the third studio album by American hip hop group Migos. It was released on January 26, 2018, by Quality Control Music, Capitol Records and Motown. Culture II is a double album consisting of 24 tracks, and features guest appearances from 21 Savage, Drake, Gucci Mane, Travis Scott, Ty Dolla Sign, Big Sean, Nicki Minaj, Cardi B, Post Malone and 2 Chainz. It was executive produced by Quavo, alongside production work from a variety of collaborators including Metro Boomin, Buddah Bless, Kanye West, Pharrell Williams and Murda Beatz, among others. The album serves as a sequel to Migos' previous album, Culture.

Culture II was supported by four singles: "MotorSport", "Stir Fry", "Walk It Talk It" and "Narcos", as well as the promotional single "Supastars". The album received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200. It is Migos' second US number-one album.
Ganga Mahal Ghat
Ganga Mahal Ghat (Hindi: गंगा महल घाट) is one of the main ghats on the Ganges River in Varanasi, India. Constructed in 1830 by the Narayan dynasty, the ghat is north of Assi Ghat and was originally constructed as an extension to Assi Ghat.

Assi Ghat
Assi Ghat is the southernmost ghat in Varanasi, India.  To most visitors to Varanasi, it is known for being a place where long-term foreign students, researchers, and tourists live. The ghat hosts Subah-e-Banaras, a cultural and spiritual event, in the mornings.
Dolph Schluter
Dolph Schluter FRS FRSC OBC (born May 22, 1955) is a Canadian professor of Evolutionary Biology and a Canada Research Chair in the Department of Zoology at the University of British Columbia.  Schluter is a major researcher in adaptive radiation and currently studies speciation in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus.

Schluter received his Bachelor of Science in Biology from the University of Guelph in 1977, and his Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology from the University of Michigan in 1983, both in Ecology and Evolution.

Order of British Columbia
The Order of British Columbia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Instituted in 1989 by Lieutenant Governor David Lam, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier Bill Vander Zalm, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former British Columbia residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the British Columbia Crown.
Ram Govind Chaudhary
Ram Govind Chaudhary (born 9 July 1946) is one of the prominent socialist leaders of India who has served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2017 to 2022. He was in charge of Basic Education and Child Nutrition and Development Ministries in previous Samajwadi Party Government of Uttar Pradesh led by Akhilesh Yadav. He is Member of Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh from the Bansdih assembly seat, Ballia.

He had closely worked with Jayaprakash Narayan and Chandra Shekhar. He is one of the close associates of Samajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav.

Mulayam Singh Yadav
Mulayam Singh Yadav (22 November 1939 – 10 October 2022) was an Indian politician, schoolmaster, lecturer and a socialist figure and the founder of the Samajwadi Party. Over the course of his political career spanning more than six decades, he served for three terms as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, and also as the Union Minister of Defence in the Government of India. A long-time parliamentarian, he was a seven-time Member of Parliament representing Mainpuri, Azamgarh, Sambhal and Kannauj constituencies in the Lok Sabha, a ten-time member of the Legislative Assembly, member of the Legislative Council and the Leader of Opposition several times as well. Yadav was often referred to as Netaji by his party leaders and workers. In 2023, he was posthumously conferred with Padma Vibhushan, India’s second highest civilian award by the Government of India.
Abu al-Walid al-Baji
Abu al-Walid al-Baji, full name Sulayman ibn Khalaf ibn Saʿd (or  Saʿdun) ibn Ayyub al-Qadi Abu al-Walid al-Tujibi al-Andalusi al-Qurtubi (28 May 1013 – 21 December 1081), was a Sunni scholar from Beja in al-Andalus. He was an eminent Mālikī jurist (faqih), hadith master (muhaddith), theologian (mutakallim), poet and a man of letters. He was an accomplished debater, prolific writer in numerous scientific works and was a meticulous scholar whose high calibre of knowledge and religious merit are widely acknowledged. He and Ibn Ḥazm were "the two most important literary figures in eleventh-century al-Andalus".

Ibn Hazm
Ibn Hazm (Arabic: ابن حزم, romanized: Ibn Ḥazm; November 994 – 15 August 1064) was an Andalusian Muslim polymath, historian, traditionist, jurist, philosopher, and theologian, born in the Córdoban Caliphate, present-day Spain. Described as one of the strictest hadith interpreters, Ibn Hazm was a leading proponent and codifier of the Zahiri school of Islamic jurisprudence, and produced a reported 400 works, of which only 40 still survive.

In all, his written works amounted to some 80,000 pages. Also described as one of the fathers of comparative religion, the Encyclopaedia of Islam refers to him as having been one of the leading thinkers of the Muslim world.
Russian 2020 COVID-19 Fake News Law
The Russian 2020 COVID-19 Fake News Law is a group of 2 federal laws, adopted by State Duma on 31 March 2020, approved by Federation Council on 31 March 2020, and signed by President of Russia Vladimir Putin on 1 April 2020, establishing the administrative (Law No.99-FZ) and criminal (Law No.100-FZ) punishment for a dissemination of unreliable information about circumstances that threat to life and health of a citizen including epidemic, natural and technological disasters, emergency, and measures to ensure the security. These laws were aimed at making illegal any doubts as to the nature of COVID-19 and the reasonableness of the measures to combat the epidemic. These laws are an extension of Russian fake news laws.

Russian fake news laws
The Russian fake news laws are a group of federal laws prohibiting the dissemination of information considered "unreliable" by Russian authorities, establishing the punishment for such dissemination, and allowing the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor) to extrajudicially block access to online media publishing such information. The most well known of these laws is the Federal Law of 4 March 2022 No.32-FZ enacted during the Russian invasion of Ukraine; the adoption of this law caused the mass exodus of foreign media from Russia and termination of the activity of independent Russian media.
IV liga Lesser Poland
IV liga Lesser Poland group (grupa małopolska), also known as Texom IV liga małopolska for sponsorship reasons, is one of the groups of IV liga, the fifth level of Polish football league system.
The league was created in the 2000–01 season after a new administrative division of Poland was introduced. Until the end of the 2007–08 season, IV liga was the fourth tier of league competition in Poland, but this was changed with the formation of the Ekstraklasa as the top level league in Poland.

The clubs from Lesser Poland Voivodeship compete in this group. The winner of the league is promoted to III liga, group IV. The bottom teams are relegated to the one of two Lesser Poland groups of the V liga.

III liga, group IV
III liga, group IV is one of the four groups of III liga, which are competitions of the fourth tier of the Polish football league system.

This group was established in 2016, when, after the 2015–16 season, as a result of the reorganization of the III liga in Poland, group VII was merged with group VIII.

Responsible for the games taking place in this group are: the Lublin Football Association based in Lublin, the Lesser Poland Football Association based in Kraków, the Subcarpathian Football Association based in Rzeszów and the Holy Cross Football Association based in Kielce. The group consists of 18 teams from the following voivodeships: Lublin, Lesser Poland, Subcarpathian and Holy Cross.

In the 2020–21 season, due to the COVID-19 pandemic unexpected complications (no relegation to IV liga and one relegated team from II liga after the 2019–20 season), the group was temporarily expanded to 21 teams.
Willard Saulsbury Sr.
Willard Saulsbury Sr. (June 2, 1820 – April 6, 1892) was an American lawyer and politician from Georgetown, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party, who served as Attorney General of Delaware, U.S. Senator from Delaware and Chancellor of Court of Chancery of Delaware.

Delaware Attorney General
The attorney general of Delaware is a constitutional officer of the U.S. state of Delaware, and is the chief law officer and the head of the State Department of Justice. On January 1, 2019, Kathy Jennings was sworn in as the 46th attorney general of Delaware.
2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup
The 2026 AFC Women's Asian Cup will be the 21st edition of the AFC Women's Asian Cup, the quadrennial international football tournament in Asia competed by the women's national teams in the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

Australia was officially selected as the host nation by the AFC Women's Football Committee on 15 May 2024.

The tournament will serve as the final stage of Asian qualification for the 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup in Brazil. This will be the last time the qualifications will be linked, as a standalone qualifier for the FIFA Women's World Cup will be held starting from the 2031 edition onwards. For the first time, the tournament will also serve as the penultimate stage of Asian qualification for the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, with all eight quarter-finalists qualifying for the 2028 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament.

China are the defending champions.

2027 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification
The 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification process determines the 31 teams joining hosts Brazil in the 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup. It is the tenth FIFA Women's World Cup, the quadrennial international women's football world championship tournament. The tournament is the first Women's World Cup to be hosted by a CONMEBOL member association and the second to be held in the Southern Hemisphere, after the previous edition in 2023.

Qualification began on 19 February 2025 with two matches of the CAF zone played that day. The first goal of the qualification series was scored by Algerian player Laura Taleb Muller against South Sudan.
Sheldon Brookbank
Sheldon W. Brookbank (born October 3, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was the assistant coach of the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL) under Jeremy Colliton.

Jeremy Colliton
Jeremy Colliton (born January 13, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is the current associate coach of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL), and was previously head coach of the Chicago Blackhawks, and a player for the New York Islanders.
Polish alphabet
The Polish alphabet (Polish: alfabet polski, abecadło) is the script of the Polish language, the basis for the Polish system of orthography. It is based on the Latin alphabet but includes certain letters (9) with diacritics: the stroke (acute accent or bar) – kreska: ⟨ć, ł, ń, ó, ś, ź⟩; the overdot – kropka: ⟨ż⟩; and the tail or ogonek – ⟨ą, ę⟩. The letters ⟨q⟩, ⟨v⟩, and ⟨x⟩, which are used only in foreign words, are usually absent from the Polish alphabet. Additionally, before the standardization of Polish spelling, ⟨qu⟩ was sometimes used in place of ⟨kw⟩, and ⟨x⟩ in place of ⟨ks⟩.

Modified variations of the Polish alphabet are used for writing Silesian and Kashubian, whereas the Sorbian languages use a mixture of Polish and Czech orthography.

Polish orthography
Polish orthography is the system of writing the Polish language. The language is written using the Polish alphabet, which derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics.: 6  The orthography is mostly phonetic, or rather phonemic—the written letters (or combinations of them) correspond in a consistent manner to the sounds, or rather the phonemes, of spoken Polish. For detailed information about the system of phonemes, see Polish phonology.
Core Banks, North Carolina
The Core Banks are barrier islands in North Carolina, part of the Cape Lookout National Seashore.  Named after the Coree tribe, they extend from Ocracoke Inlet to Cape Lookout, and consist of two low-relief narrow islands, North Core Banks and South Core Banks, and, since September 2011, two smaller islands.  New Drum Inlet, Old Drum Inlet and Ophelia Inlet now separate the islands.  The Core Banks are now uninhabited. However, Portsmouth, at the north end of the North Core Banks, was once a substantial port, and Cape Lookout Village, about one and half miles south of the Cape Lookout Lighthouse, contains the historic Lookout Life-Saving Station, a U.S. Coast Guard Station, and several island homes.

Cape Lookout Lighthouse
The Cape Lookout Lighthouse is a 163-foot-high lighthouse located on the southern Outer Banks of North Carolina. It flashes every 15 seconds and is visible at least 12 miles out to sea and up to 19 miles. It is one of the very few lighthouses that operate during the day. It became fully automated in 1950. The Cape Lookout Lighthouse is the only such structure in the United States to bear the checkered daymark, intended not only for differentiation between similar light towers, but also to show direction. The center of the black diamonds points in a north-south direction, while the center of the white diamonds points east-west.
Nexus S
The Nexus S is a smartphone co-developed by Google and Samsung and manufactured by Samsung Electronics for release in 2010. It was the first smartphone to use the Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" operating system, and the first Android device to support Near Field Communication (NFC) in both hardware and software.

This was the fourth time that Google worked with a manufacturer to produce a phone, the previous being the Google G1, myTouch, and the Nexus One, all three by HTC. Following the Nexus S, the next Android Developer phone was the Galaxy Nexus, released the following year.

Nexus S is the first commercial smartphone certified by NASA to fly on the space shuttle and to be used on the International Space Station, as part of the SPHERES experiment.

Nexus One
The Nexus One (codenamed HTC Passion) is an Android smartphone designed and manufactured by HTC as Google's first Nexus smartphone. The Nexus became available on January 5, 2010, and features the ability to transcribe voice to text, an additional microphone for dynamic noise suppression, and voice-guided turn-by-turn navigation to drivers.

The device was sold SIM-unlocked and not restricted to use on a single network provider. Google offered T-Mobile US and AT&T versions of the phone online in the United States before closing the online store in July 2010. A version for use on Vodafone (European) networks was announced on April 26, 2010, available in the United Kingdom four days later. On March 16, 2010, the Nexus One became available on the Google web store (Play Store) for sale in Canada for use with most Canadian carriers. In May 2010, Google announced the closing of the web store, with the intention to distribute the phone through partners around the world.
Statue of Jefferson Davis (Austin, Texas)
Jefferson Davis is a statue depicting the American-Confederate politician of the same name by Pompeo Coppini. The sculpture was commissioned in 1919 by George W. Littlefield to be included in the Littlefield Fountain on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin. It was installed on the university's South Mall from 1933 to 2015, when it was relocated to the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History in Austin, Texas.

Littlefield Fountain
Littlefield Fountain (also known as the Littlefield Memorial Gateway) is a World War I memorial monument designed by Italian-born sculptor Pompeo Coppini on the main campus of the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas, at the entrance to the university's South Mall. Completed in 1933, the monument is named after university regent and benefactor George W. Littlefield, whose donation paid for its design and construction.
Horizontal mobility
Horizontal mobility is the mobility of the individual or group in the same social class, in the same situation category, without changing the level of power or status. Horizontal mobility, which is a type of social mobility, refers to the change of physical space or profession without changes in the economic situation, prestige, and lifestyle of the individual, or the forward or backward movement from one similar group or status to another.

Social mobility
Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society.  It is a change in social status relative to one's current social location within a given society. This movement occurs between layers or tiers in an open system of social stratification. Open stratification systems are those in which at least some value is given to achieved status characteristics in a society. The movement can be in a downward or upward direction. Markers for social mobility such as education and class,  are used to predict, discuss and learn more about an individual or a group's mobility in society.