hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bryan Okoh
Bryan Ikemefuna Okoh (born 16 May 2003) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre back for French  Ligue 1 club Auxerre. Born in the United States, he represents Switzerland at youth international level.

Switzerland national under-21 football team
The Switzerland national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Switzerland and is controlled by the Swiss Football Association. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which is held every two years.
Nilphamari Sadar Upazila
Nilphamari Sadar (Bengali: নীলফামারী সদর) is an upazila of Nilphamari District in the Division of Rangpur, Bangladesh. Nilphamari Sadar thana was established in 1870. It was under Daroani thana before 1870. It gradually turned into an Upazilla in 1984.

Upazila
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).

Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.

Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.
Alison (company)
ALISON is an Irish online education platform for higher education that provides certificate courses and accredited diploma courses. It was founded on 21 April 2007 in Galway, Ireland, by Irish social entrepreneur Mike Feerick.

As of July 2022, Alison has 4,000 courses, 25 million learners worldwide, and 4.5 million graduates.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
2025 XPN 250
The 2025 XPN 250 was the twelfth and final race of the 2025 NASCAR Canada Series. It was held on Sunday, September 21, 2025, on Autodrome Montmagny's 0.375 mi (0.604 km) oval shaped racetrack in Montmagny, Quebec, Canada. Three drivers entered the race with a chance at the title, those being two time and defending champion Marc-Antoine Camirand, two time champion D. J. Kennington, and three time champion Andrew Ranger. Marc-Antoine Camirand would win the race and the title, becoming the first driver in NASCAR Canada Series history to win consecutive championships. Will Larue finished in second and polesitter Alex Labbé rounded out the podium in third.

Montmagny, Quebec
Montmagny (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃maɲi] ⓘ) is a city in the Montmagny Regional County Municipality within the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. It is the county seat and had a population, as of the 2021 Canadian census, of 10,999.

The city is on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Quebec City, and was founded more than 350 years ago. It is Canada's Snow Goose Capital, and festivals include the International Accordion Festival in September and the Festival of the Snow Geese in October.

The city was named after Charles de Montmagny, the first to have the title of governor of New France; Samuel de Champlain was commander in chief.

Montmagny was the county seat of the former Montmagny County.
Alekso Martulkov
Alekso Martulkov (Macedonian and Bulgarian: Алексо Мартулков), born as Aleksandar Onchev Martulkov (Macedonian: Александар Ончев Мартулков, Bulgarian: Александър Ончев Мартулков; 23 October 1878 — 19 December 1962), was a publicist and one of the first socialist revolutionaries from the region of Macedonia. He was a member of the Bulgarian Workers' Social Democratic Party and later the People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section) and the Bulgarian Communist Party. Simultaneously, he was a member of the IMRO and subsequently the IMRO (United). He advocated for the independence of Macedonia. Martulkov was also a member of the Bulgarian Parliament, as well as the Presidium of ASNOM and the parliament of SR Macedonia. He is considered a Macedonian in the Macedonian historiography and a Bulgarian in the Bulgarian historiography.

Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Škrljevo
Škrljevo  is a village in Primorje, Croatia, located north of Bakar. The population is 1,344 (census 2011). Škrljevo was mentioned by name for the first time during the reign of Petar Zrinski, in a document from 1667. Near the railway station are the remains of the church of St. Ambroza, demolished in 1907.

Bakar, Croatia
Bakar is a town in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. The population of the town was 8,279 according to the 2011 Croatian census, including 1,473 in the titular settlement. Ninety percent of the population declared themselves Croats by ethnicity. The largest ethnic minority are the Serbs with 2.91% of the population. The old part of Bakar is situated on a hill overlooking the Bay of Bakar. Bakar is the Croatian word for "copper".

Bakar is a port for bulk cargo and used to be known for its industrial complex that included a coke factory, which produced a considerable amount of pollution. Bakar's coke factory was closed in 1995 and the area's pollution has subsided significantly. The historical core of Bakar was registered as a cultural monument in 1968.
Nels Nelsen Hill
Nels Nelsen Hill (orig.: Big Hill) is an abandoned ski jumping hill located in Mount Revelstoke National Park near the city of Revelstoke, British Columbia, Canada. The original hill, Big Hill, was built in 1916 and was the first permanent ski jump in Canada. By 1933, five world length records had been set on the Big Hill. It fell out of use in 1939, with Revelstoke instead using the Big Bend Ski Jump.

Big Hill was rebuilt to a K80 hill in 1948 and was named in honor of Nels Nelsen, a local ski jumper who had set two world records on the hill. Among the events hosted there were the annual Tournament of Champions and the 1949 edition of the Western Canada Ski Championships. In the vicinity was a K60 hill and other smaller hills. The hill record of 94.5 meters (310 ft) was set by Kjell Sjöberg in 1967. The last major tournament was held in 1974. The venue has not been used since 1975 and has fallen into disrepair.

Construction point
The construction point (German: Konstruktionspunkt), also known as the K-point or K-spot and formerly critical point, is a line across a ski jumping hill. It is used to calculate the number of points granted for a given jump. It is also called calculation point or calculation line.
History of personal computers
The history of personal computers as mass-market consumer electronic devices began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1990's. A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time-sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals.

After the development of the microprocessor, individual personal computers were low enough in cost that they eventually became affordable consumer goods. Early personal computers – generally called microcomputers – were sold often in electronic kit form and in limited numbers, and were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians.

Time-sharing
In computing, time-sharing is the concurrent sharing of a computing resource among many tasks or users by giving each task or user a small slice of processing time. This quick switch between tasks or users gives the illusion of simultaneous execution. It enables multi-tasking by a single user or enables multiple-user sessions.

Developed during the 1960s, its emergence as the prominent model of computing in the 1970s represented a major technological shift in the history of computing. By allowing many users to interact concurrently with a single computer, time-sharing dramatically lowered the cost of providing computing capability, made it possible for individuals and organizations to use a computer without owning one, and promoted the interactive use of computers and the development of new interactive applications.
Briane Harris
Briane Harris (born March 11, 1992, as Briane Meilleur) is a Canadian curler from Petersfield, Manitoba. She currently plays third on Team Kate Cameron.

Harris was a member of the Kerri Einarson rink from 2018 until being suspended from competitive curling in 2024 due to testing positive for Ligandrol, which she was found to have not been responsible for. With Einarson, Harris is a four-time Scotties Tournament of Hearts champion, winning the title in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. She has also won four Grand Slam of Curling events with the Einarson rink.

Grand Slam of Curling
The Grand Slam of Curling (formerly branded as the Pinty's Grand Slam of Curling for sponsorship reasons) is a series of curling bonspiels that were formerly part of the annual World Curling Tour. Grand Slam events offer a purse of at least CAD$100,000, and feature the best teams from across Canada and around the World. The Grand Slam was instituted during the 2001–02 season for men and 2006–07 for women (with the 2006 Players' Championship also considered a Slam), but some of the Grand Slam events have longer histories as bonspiels.

The Grand Slam season consists of five men's and women's events. The original four events (Masters, Open, National, and Players' Championship) are considered to be "majors". The other slam (Tour Challenge) has a unique format that sets it apart from other events in the series.
2009 World Twenty20
The 2009 ICC World Twenty20 was the second edition of the  Men's T20 World Cup, formerly known as the ICC World Twenty20 that took place in England in June 2009. As before, the tournament featured 12 male teams – nine of the ten Test-playing nations and three associate nations, which earned their places through a qualification tournament. ICC Full member Zimbabwe were expelled from the tournament due to political reasons. Matches were played at three English grounds – Lord's and The Oval in London, and Trent Bridge in Nottingham. The tournament was organised in parallel with the women's tournament, with the men's semi-finals and final being preceded by the semi-finals and final from the women's event. The final took place at Lord's on Sunday 21 June with Pakistan beating Sri Lanka by eight wickets and England beating New Zealand by six wickets in the women's final.

2009 Women's World Twenty20
The 2009 Women's World Twenty20 was the inaugural Women's World Twenty20 competition, taking place in England from 11 to 21 June 2009. All group stage matches were played at the County Ground in Taunton, with the semi-finals held at Trent Bridge and The Oval, and the final at Lord's. The tournament featured eight teams split into two groups.

England and New Zealand contested the final, with the host nation bowling out New Zealand for 85, helped by Player of the Match Katherine Brunt's opening spell of 3 for 6. Player of the Tournament Claire Taylor's 39* saw England home to a comfortable six wicket victory.
Ilinden Peak
Ilinden Peak (Bulgarian: връх Илинден, romanized: vrah Ilinden, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈilindɛn]) is an ice-covered peak rising to 620 m in Breznik Heights on Greenwich Island, Antarctica.  The peak has precipitous and partly ice-free south slopes, and surmounts Zheravna Glacier to the south, Solis Glacier to the northwest, and Fuerza Aérea Glacier to the north-northeast.

The feature is "named after the settlement of Ilinden in Southwestern Bulgaria, in connection with the 1903 Bulgarian uprising of Ilinden-Preobrazhenie for the liberation of Macedonia and Odrin (Adrianople) Thrace".

Greenwich Island
Greenwich Island (variant historical names Sartorius Island, Berezina Island) is an island 24 km (15 mi) long and from 0.80 to 9.66 km (0.5 to 6 mi) (average 5.23 km or 3.25 mi) wide, lying between Robert Island and Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The island's surface area is 142.7 square kilometres (55.1 sq mi).  The name Greenwich Island dates back to at least 1821 and is now established in international usage.

The Chilean base Arturo Prat and the Ecuadorian base Pedro Vicente Maldonado are situated on the northeast and north coast of the island, respectively.

Chilean scientists have claimed that Amerinds visited the area, due to stone artifacts recovered from bottom-sampling operations off the island; however, the artefacts — two arrowheads  — were later found to have been planted.
Jereem Richards
Jereem Richards (born 13 January 1994) is a Trinidadian track and field sprinter who specializes in the 200 metres and 400 metres events. He won the bronze medal in the 200 m at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics and gold for the 400 m at the 2022 World Indoor Championships. Richards took 200 m titles at both the 2018 and 2022 Commonwealth Games. He was part of the Trinidad and Tobago team that won the bronze medal in the men's 4 × 400 m relay at the 2012 World Indoor Championships and a gold medal at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.

Richards is the Trinidad and Tobago record holder for the 400 m and for the 200 m and 400 m indoor. He has won four individual national titles.

2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships
The 18th World Athletics Indoor Championships were held from 18 to 20 March 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia.

Ethiopia headed the medal table, with 4 gold medals. United States won the most medals, with 19, as well as getting the second highest number of golds, with 3.
Mario-Philippe Losembe
Mario-Philippe Losembe Batwanyele (born Mario-Philippe Cardoso, 29 September 1933) is a Congolese politician and diplomat. He is currently serving as the second vice president of the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Senate (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
4°19′56″S 15°18′11″E﻿ / ﻿4.3322°S 15.3031°E﻿ / -4.3322; 15.3031

The Senate (French: Sénat) is the upper house of the Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The senate was established in 1960, abolished in 1967 and re-established in 2003.

During the transition period in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003 - 2006), the Senate, aside from its legislative role, also had the task of drafting the country's new constitution. This task came to fruition with the adoption of the draft in Parliament in May 2005, and its approval by the Congolese people, in a successful democratic referendum on 18 and 19 December 2005.

The current president of the Senate is Sama Lukonde, elected in 12 August 2024. The secretary general is Jean Mukuala Bateke. The most recent Senate was sworn in on January 28, 2019.
Exposure compensation
Exposure compensation is a technique for adjusting the exposure indicated by a photographic exposure meter, in consideration of factors that may cause the indicated exposure to result in a less-than-optimal image. Factors considered may include unusual lighting distribution, variations within a camera system, filters, non-standard processing, or intended underexposure or overexposure.  Cinematographers may also apply exposure compensation for changes in shutter angle or film speed (as exposure index), among other factors.

Many digital cameras have a display setting and possibly a physical dial whereby the photographer can set the camera to either over or under expose the subject by up to three f-stops (f-numbers) in 1/3 stop intervals. Each number on the scale (1,2,3) represents one f-stop, decreasing the exposure by one f-stop will halve the amount of light reaching the sensor. The dots in between the numbers represent 1/3 of an f-stop.

Light meter
A light meter (or illuminometer) is a device used to measure the amount of light. In photography, an exposure meter is a light meter coupled to either a digital or analog calculator which displays the correct shutter speed and f-number for optimum exposure, given a certain lighting situation and film speed. Similarly, exposure meters are also used in the fields of cinematography and scenic design, in order to determine the optimum light level for a scene.

Light meters also are used in the general field of architectural lighting design to verify proper installation and performance of a building lighting system, and in assessing the light levels for growing plants.

If a light meter is giving its indications in luxes, it is called a "luxmeter".
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) is a reference describing the conventions used for the layout of Unix-like systems. It has been made popular by its use in Linux distributions, but it is used by other Unix-like systems as well. The latest version of the standard, version 3.0, was originally released on 3 June 2015 by the Linux Foundation. It was republished on 6 November 2025 by FreeDesktop, which has since assumed maintenance of the specification.

Freedesktop.org
freedesktop.org (fd.o), formerly X Desktop Group (XDG), is a project to work on interoperability and shared base technology for free-software desktop environments for the X Window System (X11) and Wayland on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. Although freedesktop.org produces specifications for interoperability, it is not a formal standards body.

The project was founded by Havoc Pennington, a GNOME developer working for Red Hat in March 2000. Widely used open-source Desktop projects, such as GNOME, KDE's Plasma Desktop, and Xfce, are collaborating with the freedesktop.org project. In 2006, the project released Portland 1.0 (xdg-utils), a set of common interfaces for desktop environments. freedesktop.org joined the X.Org Foundation in 2019. Some of the project's servers are hosted by Portland State University.
Shimo-Shinden Station
Shimo-Shinden Station (下新田駅, Shimo-Shinden-eki) is a passenger railway station in the city of Kiryū, Gunma, Japan, operated by the  third sector railway company Watarase Keikoku Railway. The Ryōmō Line of JR passes through without stopping.

Watarase Keikoku Line
The Watarase Keikoku Line (わたらせ渓谷線, Watarase Keikoku-sen) is a Japanese railway line connecting Kiryū Station in Kiryū, Gunma and Matō Station in Nikkō, Tochigi. This is the only railway line that the third-sector company Watarase Keikoku Railway (わたらせ渓谷鐵道, Watarase Keikoku Tetsudō) operates. The company and line are also known as Watakei (わた渓) or Watetsu (わ鐵). The company acquired the line from the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in 1989. As the name suggests, the line runs along the Watarase River through a deep valley.
Navigo card
The Navigo card (French: Carte Navigo) is a contactless smart card used to travel on public transport in Paris and Île-de-France. The card is scanned at turnstiles and readers to validate a ticket or pass. The card is based on the Calypso standard, initially implemented with Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology, before transitioning to Near-field communication (NFC) technology. The card can be obtained via ticket windows, ticket machines, and apps such as Île-de-France Mobilités and Apple Wallet. Public transport fares in the Île-de-France can be loaded via the same methods.

Near-field communication
Near-field communication (NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used for the bootstrapping of capable wireless connections. Like other proximity card technologies, NFC is based on inductive coupling between two electromagnetic coils present on an NFC-enabled device such as a smartphone. NFC communicating in one or both directions uses a frequency of 13.56 MHz in the globally available unlicensed radio-frequency ISM band, compliant with the ISO/IEC 18000-3 air-interface standard at data rates ranging from 106 to 848 kbit/s.

The NFC Forum has helped define and promote the technology, setting standards for certifying device compliance. Secure communications are available by applying encryption algorithms, as is done for credit cards, and if they fit the criteria for being considered a personal area network.
Shana Kushner Gadarian
Shana Alyse Kushner Gadarian (born 1979) is an American political scientist, political psychologist, and educator. She is the Merle Goldberg Fabian Professor of Excellence in Citizenship and Critical Thinking and Chair of the Department of Political Science at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs of Syracuse University. Her co-authored book Anxious Politics: Democratic Citizenship in a Threatening World received the Robert E. Lane Award for being the best book in political psychology published in 2015.

Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs
The Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs (Maxwell School) is the professional public policy school of Syracuse University, a private research university in Syracuse, New York. The school is organized in 11 academic departments and 13 affiliated research centers and offers coursework in the fields of public administration, international relations, foreign policy, political Science, science and technology policy, social sciences, and economics through its undergraduate (BA) degrees, graduate Master of Public Affairs (MPA), Master of Arts (MA), and PhD degrees.
Bart Gordon
Barton Jennings Gordon (born January 24, 1949) is an American politician and former U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 6th congressional district, serving from 1985 until 2011. The district includes several rural areas and fast-growing suburbs east of Nashville. He was Chairman of the House Committee on Science and Technology from 2007 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He announced on December 14, 2009, that he would not seek re-election in 2010.

United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology is a committee of the United States House of Representatives. It has jurisdiction over non-defense federal scientific research and development. More specifically, the committee has complete jurisdiction over the following federal agencies: NASA, NSF, NIST, and the OSTP. The committee also has authority over R&D activities at the Department of Energy, the EPA, FAA, NOAA, the DOT, the NWS, the DHS and the U.S. Fire Administration.