hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Temper of the Times Investor Services
Temper of the Times Investor Services was an American specialized broker/dealer that enrolled potential investors in Dividend Reinvestment Plans (DRP) by buying initial shares and transferring ownership to the investor. The broker was deregistered by FINRA on the June 8 2021.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private American corporation that acts as a self-regulatory organization (SRO) that regulates member brokerage firms and exchange markets. FINRA is the successor to the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD) as well as to the member regulation, enforcement, and arbitration operations of the New York Stock Exchange.

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the federal government agency that serves as the ultimate regulator of the United States securities industry, including oversight of FINRA.
USNS Private Leonard C. Brostrom
USNS Private Leonard C. Brostrom (T-AK–255) was a cargo ship for the United States Navy that was converted into a heavy lift cargo ship in the early 1950s. She was built in 1943 for the United States Maritime Commission as SS Marine Eagle, a Type C4-S-B1 tank carrier, by Sun Shipbuilding during World War II. In 1948, she was transferred to the United States Army as USAT Private Leonard C. Brostrom after Leonard C. Brostrom, a recipient of the Medal of Honor. In 1950, the ship was transferred to the Military Sea Transport Service of the U.S. Navy as a United States Naval Ship staffed by a civilian crew. After ending her naval service, she entered the National Defense Reserve Fleet in October 1980 and was sold for scrapping in June 1982.

Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co.
Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Company (1917–1982) was a major shipbuilding company in Chester, Pennsylvania with a large shipyard on the Delaware River. Originally built to supply tankers for the Sun oil company (Sunoco), it would later build tankers for their US government and other oil companies, before building many different types of ship's over its 70-year history. During World War II, it participated in the U.S. Government's Emergency Shipbuilding Program. At the height of its operation in the Second World War, the Sun campus was the largest shipyard in the world, employing some 40,000 workers.

The company was also part of the U.S. aerospace industry during the Cold War; it built various propulsion research & development structures, including the largest U.S. rocket test chamber, for Aerojet General in 1963.
Fun on a Bun
"Fun on a Bun" is the eighth episode in the  seventh season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 122nd episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Comedy Central on August 1, 2012. The episode was written by Dan Vebber and directed by Stephen Sandoval. Additional Oktoberfest music was provided by polka band Brave Combo.
When the team attends an Oktoberfest, Fry discovers that the traditions he is familiar with have changed and rebels, Bender enters a sausage-making contest, and Leela deals with an apparent loss.

Oktoberfest
Oktoberfest (German pronunciation: [ɔkˈtoːbɐˌfɛst] ⓘ; Bavarian: Oktobafest/d'Wiesn) is the world's largest Volksfest. It combines a beer festival with a fun fair and is held annually in Munich on the Theresienwiese from mid-September to the first Sunday in October.

The event draws around seven million visitors each year. In 2023, attendance reached a record 7.2 million. Visitors consumed approximately 7.4 million litres of beer. The festival features amusement rides, games, food stalls, and traditional Bavarian dishes.

The first Oktoberfest was held on 12 October 1810 to celebrate the wedding of Crown Prince Ludwig and Princess Therese of Saxony-Hildburghausen. Since then, the festival has been cancelled on multiple occasions, most recently in 2020 and 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
Glen Despins
Glen Despins (April 19, 1964 – October 1, 2020) was a Canadian curler from Regina, Saskatchewan. Despins was a two-time Saskatchewan men's champion, representing his province at the 1996 and 1998 Labatt Briers, Canada's national men's curling championship. He was also the winner of 2003 Canadian Open Grand Slam event.

1996 Labatt Brier
The 1996 Labatt Brier was held at the Riverside Coliseum in Kamloops, British Columbia. Prince Edward Island defeated Newfoundland in a tie-breaker to win the 4th seed in the playoffs. Jeff Stoughton of Manitoba defeated Kevin Martin of Alberta through extra ends, stealing one in the 11th end to win 8-7.
Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores
Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores (December 9, 1930 –  February 1, 2016) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as the Head of Government from August 1983 to January 1986. A member of the military, he was head of state during the apex of repression and death squad activity in the Central American nation. When he was minister of defense, he rallied a coup against President Ríos Montt, which he justified by declaring that religious fanatics were abusing the government. He allowed for a return to democracy, with elections for a constituent assembly being held in 1984, followed by general elections in 1985.

Fernando Romeo Lucas García
Fernando Romeo Lucas García (4 July 1924 – 27 May 2006) was a military officer and politician who served as the 37th president of Guatemala from July 1, 1978, to March 23, 1982. He was elected as the nominee for the Institutional Democratic Party (with the support of the Revolutionary Party). During Lucas García's regime, tensions between the radical left and the government increased. The military started to murder political opponents while counterinsurgency measures further terrorized populations of poor civilians.
Netsuite Open 2013
The Netsuite Open 2013 is the 2013's Netsuite Open, which is a tournament of the PSA World Tour event International (Prize money: $70,000). The event took place at the Standford Squash in San Francisco in the United States from 25 September to 1 October. Ramy Ashour won his first Netsuite Open trophy, beating Grégory Gaultier in the final.

Silicon Valley Open
The Silicon Valley Open sponsored by Oracle NetSuite is an annual squash tournament that takes place in Redwood City in October. In 2024 the competition changed its name from the NetSuite Open to the Silicon Valle Open.

The event was not held in 2020, when it was cancelled amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Also in 2023 the event was not held.
Jacqueline Assaël
Jacqueline Assaël (born 7 August 1957, Marseille) is a French Hellenist and a professor of Greek language and literature at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis since 2004. She is also an essayist and poet.

Assaël is a specialist in the works of the tragic Greek poet Euripides, and she has also published works on the phenomenon of poetic inspiration in Antiquity. Also a philologist, she has also created some works of New Testament exegesis.

Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis
The University of Nice Sophia Antipolis (French: Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis) was a university located in Nice, France, and neighboring areas. It was founded in 1965 and was organized in eight faculties, two autonomous institutes and an engineering school. It was merged in 2019 into the Côte d'Azur University.

It hosted the first WWW Interactive Multipurpose Server. It was a member of the Coordination of French Research-Intensive Universities, the equivalent of the Russell Group in the UK.
Qiemo Town
The oasis town of Qiemo or Cherchen (Uyghur: چەرچەن, Чәрчән, Chinese: 且末; pinyin: Qiěmò; Uighur: Qarqan, also spelled Charchan) is the capital of Qiemo County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It is on the Qiemo River and at the foot of the Qilian Mountains, on the Southern Silk Route. In ancient times, the town and the kingdom it controlled were jointly  known as Shanshan.

Ruoqiang Town
Ruoqiang Town Chinese: 若羌; pinyin: Ruòqiāng; Uyghur: Чакилик: Qakilik or Charklik is a town in Ruoqiang County, Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Ruoqiang Town is the county seat of the Ruoqiang County, and therefore is the place that less detailed maps label as "Ruoqiang County" or just "Ruoqiang". The postal code is 841 800.

There is a two-laned asphalt highway to Korla, 490 km (304 mi) north, and 956 km (594 mi) west to Hotan. There is no motorable road east to Dunhuang in Gansu, but one can now drive southeast through the Altun Shan range and then north through part of the Tsaidam to Dunhuang.
Visuals (album)
Visuals is the seventh, and likely final, studio album by Danish alternative rock band Mew. It was released on 28 April 2017. It is the first Mew album not to feature guitarist Bo Madsen, who left the band after their previous album, + − (2015), and their first album since No More Stories... (2009) to be recorded as a trio.

+ − (album)
+ − (pronounced "plus minus") is the sixth studio album by Danish alternative rock band Mew. It was released on 21 April 2015. The album was promoted by the singles "Satellites" and "Water Slides". It was Mew's first studio album in five-and-a-half years, following their 2009 record No More Stories....

Bassist Johan Wohlert made his return on this album after being absent from the band's previous album following his departure in 2006. + − was also the final album to feature guitarist Bo Madsen, who left the band on 1 July 2015, as well as the final album to featured original formation.
Jim Angel
James Bryson Angel (25 June 1940 – 24 December 2007) was an Australian radio news presenter. During a career spanning more than four decades, he presented the news on Sydney radio stations 2SM, 2UE, 2GB and 2CH, and many affiliated radio stations around Australia. He worked on-air with radio personalities such as John Laws and Alan Jones. After retirement in 2001, he joined community radio station Highland FM in Bowral as a volunteer breakfast announcer. Angel died on Christmas Eve 2007 at his home in the Southern Highlands after suffering a stroke.

John Laws
Richard John Sinclair Laws (8 August 1935 – 9 November 2025) was an Australian radio announcer who had a broadcasting career spanning 71 years. His distinctive voice earned him the nickname Golden Tonsils.
Oliver Goethe
Oliver "Ollie" Goethe (Danish: [oˈliˀvɐ ˈkøːtə], German: [ˈɔlivɐ ˈɡøːtə]; born 14 October 2004) is a German, Danish, and British racing driver who competes in the FIA Formula 2 Championship for MP Motorsport.

Goethe recently competed in the FIA Formula 3 Championship for Campos in 2024, and raced for Trident the year prior. He claimed the 2022 Euroformula Open Championship by winning eleven races in his winning campaign.

Campos Racing
Campos Racing (formerly Adrián Campos Motorsport and Campos Grand Prix) is a Spanish motor racing team based in Alzira, Valencia, founded by former Formula One driver Adrián Campos in 1997. The team has been successful in Formula Three, GP2 Series and F4 Spanish Championship.

Previous drivers include Fernando Alonso, Marc Gené, Antonio García, Roldán Rodríguez, Vitaly Petrov, Lucas Di Grassi, Sergio Pérez, Alexander Rossi, Álex Palou, Rio Haryanto, Mitch Evans, Roberto Merhi, Lando Norris, Luca Ghiotto, Roy Nissany, Jack Aitken, Linus Lundqvist and Isack Hadjar.
Thin plate spline
Thin plate splines (TPS) are a spline-based technique for data interpolation and smoothing. They were introduced to geometric design by Duchon. They are an important special case of a polyharmonic spline. Robust Point Matching (RPM) is a common extension and shortly known as the TPS-RPM algorithm.

Spline (mathematics)
In mathematics, a spline is a function defined piecewise by polynomials.
In interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial interpolation because it yields similar results, even when using low degree polynomials, while avoiding Runge's phenomenon for higher degrees.

In the computer science subfields of computer-aided design and computer graphics, the term spline more frequently refers to a piecewise polynomial (parametric) curve. Splines are popular curves in these subfields because of the simplicity of their construction, their ease and accuracy of evaluation, and their capacity to approximate complex shapes through curve fitting and interactive curve design.

The term spline comes from the flexible spline devices used by shipbuilders and draftsmen to draw smooth shapes.
Hanafy Bastan
Hanafy Bastan (Arabic: حنفي بسطان; 6 January 1922 – 13 November 1995) was an Egyptian footballer who played as a defender for Zamalek and the Egypt national team. He represented his country in the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics. Bastan played for Egypt in the 1953 Arab Games, where Egypt won the gold medal. He was also a part of the team that won the gold medal in the 1955 Mediterranean Games. He was the captain of the team that won the 1957 African Cup of Nations, he is the first Egyptian player to lift the African trophy.

He started his football career in 1938, became a regular player in Zamalek's starting lineup in 1942, he won with the team 17 titles. Bastan was Zamalek and Egypt's captain for several years, he was nicknamed the "Black Rock". After retiring from football, he coached Egypt with Mohamed El-Guindi in the 1962 African Cup of Nations, and Egypt won the silver medal.

1962 African Cup of Nations
The 1962 African Cup of Nations was the third edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by Ethiopia. Nine countries entered the competition, including the reigning champions United Arab Republic (UAR), meaning for the first time a qualification tournament was required. The finals only included four teams. UAR, as holders, and Ethiopia as hosts, qualified automatically meaning each needed to play only one game to reach the  final. Ethiopia won the tournament for the first time, defeating  UAR 4–2, after extra time in the final.

This tournament has the highest goals-per-game average in Africa Cup of Nations tournaments.
Cobra Triangle
Cobra Triangle is a 1989 racing video game developed by Rare and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The player controls a weapon-equipped speedboat through 25 levels. Objectives include winning races, saving swimmers, and defusing bombs. The game also includes vehicular combat, power-ups and is displayed from a 3D isometric perspective with automatic scrolling that follows the player's movement. The Stamper brothers designed the game and David Wise wrote its soundtrack. Computer and Video Games highly recommended the game and praised its graphics and gameplay. Later reviewers lauded its level diversity and noted its graphical similarities to previous Rare game R.C. Pro-Am. IGN and GamesRadar ranked Cobra Triangle among their top NES games. The latter considered Cobra Triangle emblematic of the NES era's aesthetic. It is included in Rare's 2015 Rare Replay compilation for Xbox One, and was re-released on the Nintendo Classics service on July 4, 2024.

Side-scrolling video game
A side-scrolling video game (alternatively side-scroller) is a video game viewed from a side-view camera angle where the screen follows the player as they move left or right. The jump from single-screen or flip-screen graphics to scrolling graphics during the golden age of arcade games was a pivotal leap in game design, comparable to the move to 3D graphics during the fifth generation.

Hardware support of smooth scrolling backgrounds is built into many arcade video games, some game consoles, and home computers. Examples include 8-bit systems like the Atari 8-bit computers and Nintendo Entertainment System, and 16-bit consoles, such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis. These 16-bit consoles added multiple layers, which can be scrolled independently for a parallax scrolling effect.
María Dueñas (violinist)
María Dueñas Fernández (born 4 December 2002), is a Spanish violinist and composer. In 2021 she won the first prize in the Yehudi Menuhin Competition, in the Senior Division. She is considered the Spanish violinist with the greatest international profile, and one of the most promising musicians of her generation. In 2022, she signed an exclusive contract with Deutsche Grammophon.

Yehudi Menuhin International Competition for Young Violinists
The Yehudi Menuhin International Competition for Young Violinists (or simply the Menuhin Competition) is an international music competition for violinists under the age of 16. It was founded by Yehudi Menuhin in 1983 with the goal of nurturing young violinists. In its early years, the competition took place in Folkestone on the south coast of England. Since 1998, it has been held biennially in different cities around the world. Several of the competition's past laureates, including Julia Fischer, Tasmin Little, and Nikolaj Znaider, have gone on to major international careers.
Arn Gill (North Yorkshire)
Arn Gill is a ravine or gully containing a beck of the same name, near the village of Muker in Swaledale, North Yorkshire, England. The ravine and beck run steeply downhill from the stream's source in Arn Gill Head, and the beck disgorges into the River Swale below.

The ravine contains remnants of the former Adelaide Level lead mine, which is named after Lady Adelaide Lamont, a descendant of Judge Jeffreys. In 1865 a strike was made there, which yielded about £12,000 (equivalent to £1,449,217 in 2023) worth of galena or lead ore. The mine closed in 1920. Miners worked in bad conditions in North Yorkshire lead mines during the Adelaide Level's era, with over 62% of local mines having extremely impure air. The most common occupational disease for miners was silicosis.

Silicosis
Silicosis is an occupational lung disease caused by the inhalation of respirable crystalline silica dust. It is characterized by lung inflammation and fibrosis that most commonly affects the upper lobes and is classified as a form of pneumoconiosis. The disease occurs in chronic (simple and progressive massive fibrosis), accelerated, or acute forms, depending on the intensity and duration of exposure.

Common symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, and cyanosis in severe cases. Because its clinical and radiographic features can resemble those of tuberculosis, pneumonia, or pulmonary edema, silicosis is sometimes misdiagnosed. There is no curative treatment; management focuses on symptom control and the prevention of complications.

Silicosis is largely preventable through effective workplace controls that limit airborne silica exposure, such as engineering controls, ventilation, and appropriate respiratory protection.
Georges Niang
Georges Maguette Niang (/ˈniːæŋ/ NEE-ang; born June 17, 1993), nicknamed "the Minivan" and "G Wagon" is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was an All-American college player for the Iowa State Cyclones.

Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball
The Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represents Iowa State University (ISU) and competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I. The Cyclones play their home games at Hilton Coliseum on Iowa State's campus.
Customs union
A customs union is generally defined as a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.

Customs unions are established through trade pacts where the participant countries set up common external trade policy (in some cases they use different import quotas). Common competition policy is also helpful to avoid competition deficiency.

Reasons for establishing a customs union normally include increasing economic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries. It is the third stage of economic integration. Every economic union, customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union includes a customs union.

Import quota
An import quota is a type of trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time. An import embargo or import ban is essentially a zero-level import quota. Quotas, like other trade restrictions, are typically used to benefit the producers of a good in that economy (protectionism).
GLIMMER
In bioinformatics, GLIMMER (Gene Locator and Interpolated Markov ModelER) is used to find genes in prokaryotic DNA. "It is effective at finding genes in bacteria, archea, viruses, typically finding 98-99% of all relatively long protein coding genes". GLIMMER was the first system that used the interpolated Markov model to identify coding regions. The GLIMMER software is open source and is maintained by Steven Salzberg, Art Delcher, and their colleagues at the Center for Computational Biology at Johns Hopkins University. The original GLIMMER algorithms and software were designed by Art Delcher, Simon Kasif and Steven Salzberg and applied to bacterial genome annotation in collaboration with Owen White.

Markov model
In probability theory, a Markov model is a stochastic model used to model pseudo-randomly changing systems. It is assumed that future states depend only on the current state, not on the events that occurred before it (that is, it assumes the Markov property). Generally, this assumption enables reasoning and computation with the model that would otherwise be intractable. For this reason, in the fields of predictive modelling and probabilistic forecasting, it is desirable for a given model to exhibit the Markov property.
Royal Artillery Mounted Rifles
The Royal Artillery Mounted Rifles were detachments of the British Army's Royal Artillery when deployed as mounted infantry.  The units were first developed towards the end of the Second Boer War which was characterised by guerrilla warfare.  There was little call for traditional units of field or horse artillery but high demand for mounted infantrymen to counter the highly mobile Boer commandos.  By the end of the war around 2,000 artillerymen were acting in the mounted infantry role.  A similar force was deployed to Ireland in the early 1920s to counter guerrilla tactics used by Irish republicans.

Boer commando
The Boer Commandos  or "Kommandos" were volunteer military units of guerrilla militia organized by the Boer people of South Africa. From this came the term "commando" into the English language during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902 as per Costica Andrew.
Abel A. Hunter
Abel Aken Hunter (September 18, 1877 – April 6, 1935) was an American botanist that collected and cataloged Panamanian orchids and a member of orchid hunting expeditions. From 1915 to 1935, Hunter traveled with well-known collectors and researchers at the time such as: Charles Powell, George Pring, Carroll Dodge, Julian Steyermark, and Paul Allen. Hunter and Allen's herbarium specimens, found in the Oakes Ames Herbarium at Harvard University, include four new species.

Paul H. Allen
Paul Hamilton Allen (1911–1963) was an American botanist noted for his work on the ecology of Central America, orchid systematics and economically important species including bananas. He was married to the former Dorothy Osdieck of Kirkwood, Missouri.

Allen was born in Enid, Oklahoma. With only a secondary school education, he became a student apprentice at the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis, Missouri.
Hans Ernst Karl, Graf von Zieten
Hans Ernst Karl, Graf von Zieten (5 March 1770 – 3 May 1848) was a  Prussian Field Marshal who was prominent during the Napoleonic Wars, particularly in the Hundred Days where he took part in several battles in the Waterloo Campaign such as the Battle of Ligny and the Battle of Issy.

Friedrich Graf Kleist von Nollendorf
Friedrich Emil Ferdinand Heinrich von Kleist, granted the title Graf Kleist von Nollendorf from 1814 onwards (9 April 1762 – 17 February 1823), was a Prussian field marshal and a member of the old junker family von Kleist. He was a prominent figure in Prussian military during the Napoleonic Wars.