hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Toothpaste pump dispenser
The toothpaste pump, also known as a toothpaste pump dispenser, is a device used to contain and dispense toothpaste, akin to a tube. An automatic toothpaste dispenser is a self-starting way to dispense toothpaste.

Toothpaste
Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice that is used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis). Due to variations in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide. Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be poisonous. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue.
Siege of Calcutta
The siege of Calcutta was a battle between the Bengal Subah and the British East India Company on 20 June 1756. The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, aimed to seize Calcutta to punish the company for the unauthorised construction of fortifications at Fort William. Siraj ud-Daulah caught the Company unprepared and won a decisive victory.

Fort William, West Bengal
Fort William, officially Vijay Durg, is a fort in Hastings, Calcutta (Kolkata). It was built during the early years of Britain's administration of Bengal. It sits on the eastern banks of the River Hooghly, the major distributary of the River Ganga. One of Kolkata's most enduring British-era military fortifications, other than those in Bombay (Mumbai) and Madras (Chennai), it extends over an area of seventy hectares.

The fort was named after King William III. In front of the Fort is the Maidan, the largest park in the country. An internal guard room became the Black Hole of Calcutta. Today the fort is the headquarters of Eastern Command of the Indian Army.
VfL Gummersbach
VfL Gummersbach  is a professional handball club from the German city of Gummersbach, North Rhine-Westphalia. Currently, VfL Gummersbach competes in the Handball-Bundesliga and the DHB-Pokal. The club has seen great success, especially from the late 1960s until the early 1990s.

Handball-Bundesliga
The Handball-Bundesliga (HBL), currently known as Daikin Handball-Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons, is the top German professional handball league. From 2007 to 2012, the league was sponsored by Toyota and was officially called the Toyota Handball-Bundesliga. In 2012 the Deutsche Kreditbank AG (DKB) became the new sponsor. As of 2024, the latest league sponsor is Daikin and the official name has consequently been changed to Daikin Handball-Bundesliga. The winners of the respective season are the official German handball champions.
The HBL is headquartered in Dortmund.
Russell Street, Hong Kong
Russell Street (Chinese: 羅素街) in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong Island, is a commercial shopping street in Hong Kong. In 2014, it was noted as the most expensive luxury street in the world.

Russell Street is an east–west running street with two sections. It starts from Lee Garden Road, split by Matheson Street and Percival Street, and ends in Canal Road East. Russell Street is one of the most crowded streets in Hong Kong. The eastern section from (Lee Garden Road to Percival Street) was renovated and reopened as a full-time pedestrian street on 7 April 2000. It was the first pedestrian street in Hong Kong. The remaining section, from Matheson Street to Canal Road East, was also added to the scheme as a traffic-calming street later. Nearby are Times Square, a video wall, an MTR station, a cinema, many famous shops, taxi station.

Causeway Bay station
Causeway Bay (Chinese: 銅鑼灣; Cantonese Yale: Tùnglòwāan) is an underground metro station on the MTR network in Hong Kong. It is located between Wan Chai and Tin Hau stations on the Island line, and sits underneath Great George Street near Hennessy Road and Yee Wo Street. Named for the Causeway Bay area and its abundant shopping centres, the station serves various malls including Hysan Place, Sino Plaza, Sogo, and the nearby Victoria Park.

A line servicing Hong Kong Island had been part of the initial 1967 plans for a metro system in the city. The Island line would be approved in 1980 while construction began two years later. In 1985 the station opened along with the first section of the line, which would be extended westward toward Kennedy Town in 2014. The station consists of two separate concourses situated atop two platforms stacked vertically due to geographical constraints and has 6 exits.
Lightmoor
Lightmoor, also known as Lightmoor Village is a village in the Telford and Wrekin borough in Shropshire, England It forms part of the Dawley Hamlets civil parish alongside Aqueduct, Doseley, Horsehay, Little Dawley and Spring Village.

Horsehay
Horsehay is a suburban village on the western outskirts of Dawley in the Telford and Wrekin borough of Shropshire, England. Horsehay lies in the Dawley Hamlets parish, and on the northern edge of the Ironbridge Gorge area.

Horsehay used to have four pubs, The Station Inn, The Forester Arms, the All Labour In Vain and the Travellers Joy, however The Station Inn closed down in 2012, and the All Labour In Vain closed in 2014. It also has a Methodist Chapel, a village hall, a post office, and a golf course complete with restaurant.
Authorship of the Petrine epistles
The authorship of the Petrine epistles (1 Peter and 2 Peter) is a question in biblical criticism, parallel to that of the authorship of the Pauline epistles, in which scholars have sought to determine the exact authors of the New Testament letters.  The vast majority of biblical scholars think the two epistles do not share the same author, due to wide differences in Greek style and views between the two letters.  Most scholars today conclude that Peter the Apostle was the author of neither of the two epistles that are attributed to him.

First Epistle of Peter
The First Epistle of Peter is a book of the New Testament. The author presents himself as Peter the Apostle. The ending of the letter includes a statement that implies that it was written from "Babylon", which may be a reference to Rome. The letter is addressed to the "chosen pilgrims of the diaspora" in Asia Minor suffering religious persecution.

Although both the text and tradition identifies Peter as its author, most scholars conclude that the epistle is an expression of the Christian tradition at Rome associated with Peter rather than the apostle himself. Scholars debate whether its persecution refers to social discrimination or official Roman oppression. The letter also discusses the “Harrowing of Hell” and instructions for wives to submit to their husbands, alongside exhortations for husbands to treat their wives with respect.
International Labor Rights Forum v Firestone Tire and Rubber Co
International Labor Rights Forum v Firestone Tire and Rubber Co (2005) was a class–action lawsuit filed by The International Labor Rights Forum on November 17, 2005, against the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, on behalf of a group of former child laborers, in Liberia.

The plaintiffs accused the company of knowingly allowing the use of child laborers filing a suit as a result of policies which began when Firestone opened its first plant in Liberia in 1926.

Firestone contends the 1926 agreement as a milestone advancement in the global production of rubber.

Firestone Tire and Rubber Company
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company is an American tire manufacturer based in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 1900 by Harvey S. Firestone in Akron, Ohio, originally producing solid rubber side-wire tires for fire apparatus. The company later expanded to manufacture pneumatic tires for wagons, carriages, and other wheeled vehicles of the time.

Recognizing the emerging market for automobile tires, Firestone was a pioneer in the mass production of tires. Harvey Firestone's close relationship with Henry Ford helped establish Firestone as the original equipment supplier for Ford Motor Company vehicles, while also maintaining a strong presence in the replacement tire market. In 1988, Firestone was acquired by the Japanese tire manufacturer Bridgestone, and the brand now operates as part of Bridgestone Americas, Inc.
Languages of Guinea
The Republic of Guinea is a multilingual country, with over 40 languages spoken. The official language is French.

Several indigenous languages have been given the status of national languages: Fula (or Pular); Malinké (or Maninka); Susu; Kissi; Kpelle (also known in French as Guerzé) and Loma.

Guinea is a Francophone country, where, as of 2024, 4.11 million (27.83%) out of 14.76 million people speak French.

Kpelle language
The Kpelle /kəˈpɛlə/ language (endonym: Kpɛlɛɛ) is spoken by the Kpelle people of Liberia, Guinea and Ivory Coast and is part of the Mande language family. Guinean Kpelle (also known as Guerze in French), spoken by half a million people, is concentrated primarily, but not exclusively, in the southeastern forest regions of Guinea bordering Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone. Half a million Liberians speak Liberian Kpelle, which is taught in Liberian schools.
First All-Union Philatelic Exhibition
The First All-Union Philatelic Exhibition was held in Moscow in 1924–1925. Its full name was the First All-Union Philatelic, Scripophilic and Numismatic Exhibition. This was because it combined the objects of philately, scripophily (collecting stock and bond certificates), and numismatics.

The exhibition was organised from 15 December 1924 to 15 February 1925. This was done by the Presidium of the All-Union Philatelic Association and Board of the All-Russian Society of Philatelists. The combined exhibition was meant to prepare formation of the All-Union Society of Collectors. The society was to be under the direction of Feodor Chuchin, the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily.

Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily
Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily (Russian: Организация Уполномоченного по филателии и бонам в СССР (ОУФБ)) was established in Moscow in 1922 by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) for matters concerned with philately and bonds. An old Bolshevik Feodor Chuchin headed this organisation.
MySims Kingdom
MySims Kingdom is a video game developed by EA Redwood Shores and published by Electronic Arts as a spin-off to Maxis' The Sims franchise for the Nintendo DS and Wii in 2008. MySims Kingdom is a follow-up to MySims, which was released in 2007 and was followed by MySims Party, MySims Racing, MySims Agents and MySims SkyHeroes.

MySims: Cozy Bundle, which contains MySims and MySims Kingdom, was released for Nintendo Switch on November 19, 2024  and released on Microsoft Windows via Steam and Epic Games Store on March 18, 2025. On November 6, 2025, the bundle was released on Apple Arcade and soon followed up with PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S releases later on in the month on the 18th.

The Sims
The Sims is a series of life simulation video games developed by Maxis and published by Electronic Arts (EA). The franchise has sold nearly 200 million copies worldwide, and is one of the best-selling video game series of all time. It is also part of the larger Sim series, started by SimCity in 1989.

The games in the Sims series are largely sandbox games, in that they lack any defined goals (except for some later expansion packs and console versions which introduced this gameplay style). The player creates virtual people called "Sims", places them in houses, and helps direct their moods and satisfy their desires. Players can either place their Sims in pre-constructed homes or build them themselves. Each successive expansion pack and game in the series augmented what the player could do with their Sims.
Church of Saint-Étienne-le-Vieux
The Church of Saint-Étienne-le-Vieux ("Old Saint Stephen's") is a former Catholic church, today partly ruined, located in the old city of Caen, Calvados, France. It is not to be confused with the nearby Church of Saint-Étienne, the former church of the Abbaye aux Hommes. This church has been classified as a monument historique since August 22, 1903.

Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen
The Abbey of Saint-Étienne, also known as Abbaye aux Hommes (French pronunciation: [abei oz‿ɔm], "Men's Abbey") by contrast with the Abbaye aux Dames ("Ladies' Abbey"), is a former Benedictine monastery in the French city of Caen, Normandy, dedicated to Saint Stephen. It was founded in 1063 by William the Conqueror and is one of the most important Romanesque buildings in Normandy.
Jeremy Petty
Jeremy Petty (born August 31, 1982) is an American professional stock car racing driver, crew chief and team executive. He works for MBM Motorsports as the crew chief of their No. 66 Ford in the ARCA Menards Series driven by Derek White. He last worked as the competition director for Maples Motorsports, an ARCA Menards Series team. Petty previously competed in the ARCA Series as a driver, including running one full season in 2009 for Hixson Motorsports. He also made one attempt in both the NASCAR Nationwide and Truck Series. As an ARCA crew chief, he worked for CCM Racing and Fast Track Racing.

Wayne Hixson
Wayne Hixson (born January 4, 1947) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and team owner who has previously competed in the ARCA Racing Series for two races in 2001, getting a best finish of 35th at Chicagoland Speedway. He also was the owner of Hixson Motorsports, which formerly competed in the series from 1996 to 2018.
Ann Kok
Ann Kok (born 11 January 1973) is a Singaporean businesswoman, singer and an actress who film on an ad-hoc basis.

During the 1990s, Kok was ranked the "Third Ah Jie" by the local media, which defined her as the third most prominent actress in Singapore's Chinese-language entertainment industry of that time, after Zoe Tay and Fann Wong. From 1995 to 1999, Kok won five consecutive Star Awards for Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes.

In 2024, Kok was awarded with the Star Awards for All-Time Favourite Artiste after winning the Star Awards for Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes ten times.

Zoe Tay
Zoe Tay Hui Gek (born 10 January 1968) is a Singaporean actress and former model. She has been referred to as the "Queen of Caldecott Hill" and "Ah Jie".

To date, Tay has received four Star Awards for Best Actress.
2022–23 UEFA Youth League Domestic Champions Path
The 2022–23 UEFA Youth League Domestic Champions Path began on 12 September and ended on 2 November 2022. A total of 32 teams competed in the Domestic Champions Path to decide eight of the 24 places in the knockout phase (play-offs and the round of 16 onwards) of the 2022–23 UEFA Youth League.

Times listed here by CEST/CET.

2022–23 UEFA Youth League knockout phase
The 2022–23 UEFA Youth League knockout phase began on 7 February 2023 with the play-off round and concluded with the final on 24 April 2023 at Stade de Genève in Geneva, Switzerland, to decide the champions of the 2022–23 UEFA Youth League. The semi-finals and final have been traditionally played at the Colovray Stadium in Nyon since the first edition, but for the 2022–23 edition they were moved to the Stade de Genève  due to increased interest in the tournament from the supporters of the participating clubs. All matches are played across 90 minutes and penalty shoot-out if necessary.

Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).
Wally Hayward
Wallace Henry Hayward BEM (10 July 1908 – 28 April 2006) was a South African endurance athlete with a 60-year career. He became one of the greatest 100-mile runners in history. He won the Comrades Marathon five times and completed the distance of around 90 km the last time just before his eighty-first birthday.

He was born Durban and died in Edenvale, South Africa. He died in 2006 just a few days before the annual Wally Hayward Marathon.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
LCDR M1 class
The LCDR M1 class was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives of the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR), very similar to the earlier M class but with steel frames, larger tenders and other detailed differences. The class was designed by William Kirtley and introduced in 1880.

LCDR M class
The LCDR M class was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives of the London, Chatham and Dover Railway. The class was designed by William Kirtley and introduced in 1877, intended for the heaviest express services between London and Dover.
Salt Lake City metropolitan area
The Salt Lake City metropolitan area is the metropolitan area centered on the city of Salt Lake City, Utah. The Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau currently define the Salt Lake City, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as comprising two counties: Salt Lake and Tooele. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 1,257,936. The Salt Lake City Metropolitan Area and the Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Area were a single metropolitan area known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden Metropolitan Area until being separated in 2005.

The metropolitan area is part of the Salt Lake City–Provo–Ogden, UT Combined Statistical Area (CSA), which also includes the Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area, the Provo–Orem metropolitan area, the Heber City, Utah micropolitan area, and the Brigham City, Utah micropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, this CSA had a population of 2,701,129, comprising 82.6 percent of Utah's then 3,271,616 residents.

Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area
The Ogden-Clearfield, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of three counties in northern Utah, anchored by the cities of Ogden and Clearfield. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 637,197. On February 28, 2013, the White House released a bulletin Revising delineations of CSAs and MSAs which led to the addition of Box Elder County to the Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. On July 23, 2023, Box Elder County was moved to the newly created Brigham City micropolitan statistical area.
Warrant of payment
In financial transactions, a warrant is a written order by one person that instructs or authorises another person to pay a specified recipient a specific amount of money or supply goods at a specific date. A warrant may or may not be negotiable and may be a bearer instrument that authorises payment to the warrant holder on demand or after a specific date. Governments and businesses may pay wages and other accounts by issuing warrants instead of cheques.

Negotiable instrument
A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on demand, or at a set time, whose payer is usually named on the document. More specifically, it is a document contemplated by or consisting of a contract, which promises the payment of money without condition, which may be paid either on demand or at a future date. The term has different meanings, depending on its use in the application of different laws and depending on countries and contexts. The word "negotiable" refers to transferability, and "instrument" refers to a document giving legal effect by the virtue of the law.
Seirophora
Seirophora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It comprises nine species. The genus was erected in 1983, with Seirophora magara assigned as the type species. These lichens form small, shrubby growths with firm, cartilage-like branches that are stiffened by internal cord-like structures and covered with complex surface hairs rather than the simple root-like attachments found in related genera. Several species were transferred to Seirophora in 2004 when the genus was emended by Patrik Frödén and Per Lassen to include some species segregated from Teloschistes.

Teloschistes
Teloschistes is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae, of which it is the namesake. Species of Teloschistes are among the most visually striking lichens, typically forming small, bushy, much-branched growths in vivid shades of yellow to orange, colours produced by anthraquinone pigments, particularly parietin. The genus has a worldwide distribution, with species occurring on twigs, bark, and rock surfaces in open, well-lit habitats ranging from coastal scrub and semi-arid shrublands to alpine zones.
Stericated 6-simplexes
In six-dimensional geometry, a stericated 6-simplex is a convex uniform 6-polytope with 4th order truncations (sterication) of the regular 6-simplex.

There are 8 unique sterications for the 6-simplex with permutations of truncations, cantellations, and runcinations.

Uniform 6-polytope
In six-dimensional geometry, a uniform 6-polytope is a six-dimensional uniform polytope. A uniform polypeton is vertex-transitive, and all facets are uniform 5-polytopes.

The complete set of convex uniform 6-polytopes has not been determined, but most can be made as Wythoff constructions from a small set of symmetry groups. These construction operations are represented by the permutations of rings of the Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams. Each combination of at least one ring on every connected group of nodes in the diagram produces a uniform 6-polytope.

The simplest uniform polypeta are regular polytopes: the 6-simplex {3,3,3,3,3}, the 6-cube (hexeract) {4,3,3,3,3}, and the 6-orthoplex (hexacross) {3,3,3,3,4}.
Carny
Carny, also spelled carnie, is an informal term used in North America for a traveling carnival employee, and the language they use, particularly when the employee operates a game ("joint"), food stand ("grab", "popper", or "floss wagon"), or ride ("ride jock") at a carnival. The term "showie" is used synonymously in Australia, while "showman" is used in the United Kingdom.

Cant (language)
A cant is the jargon or language of a group, often employed to exclude or mislead people outside the group. It may also be called a cryptolect, argot, pseudo-language, anti-language or secret language. Each term differs slightly in meaning; their uses are inconsistent.
Liddeston
Liddeston is a small coastal village in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It belongs to the Milford North ward of the community of Milford Haven in the historical hundred of Roose. It is located to the north of the town of Milford Haven and the village of Hubberston.

Hubberston
Hubberston is a coastal village in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It belongs to the parish of Hubberston in the historical hundred of Roose. It is located directly to the west of the larger town of Milford Haven, and is a district of the community of Milford Haven. It is adjacent to the village of Hakin. It had a population of 2,390 inhabitants in 2001.  It is mainly residential in nature.
Lezgic languages
The Lezgic languages (also Lezgian or Lezghian) are one of seven branches of the Northeast Caucasian language family. Lezgin and Tabasaran are literary languages. Khinalug may either be Lezgic or an independent branch of the Northeast Caucasian family.

Northeast Caucasian languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea, in contrast to Pontic languages for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a family of languages spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in Northern Azerbaijan as well as in Georgia and diaspora populations in Western Europe and the Middle East. According to Glottolog, there are currently 36 Nakh-Dagestanian languages.