hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Shope
Robert Ellis Shope (February 21, 1929 – January 19, 2004) was an American virologist, epidemiologist and public health expert, particularly known for his work on arthropod-borne viruses and emerging infectious diseases. He discovered more novel viruses than any person previously, including members of the Arenavirus, Hantavirus, Lyssavirus and Orbivirus genera of RNA viruses. He researched significant human diseases, including dengue, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, viral hemorrhagic fevers and Lyme disease. He had an encyclopedic knowledge of viruses, and curated a global reference collection of over 5,000 viral strains. He was the lead author of a groundbreaking report on the threat posed by emerging infectious diseases, and also advised on climate change and bioterrorism.

Arbovirus
Arbovirus is an informal name for any virus that is transmitted by arthropod vectors. The term arbovirus is a portmanteau word (arthropod-borne virus). Tibovirus (tick-borne virus) is sometimes used to more specifically describe viruses transmitted by ticks, a superorder within the arthropods. Arboviruses can affect both animals (including humans) and plants. In humans, symptoms of arbovirus infection usually occur 3–15 days after exposure to the virus and last three or four days. The most common clinical features of infection are fever, headache, and malaise, but other features of viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome and encephalitis may also occur.
Kirov constituency
The Kirov constituency (No.105) is a Russian legislative constituency in Kirov Oblast. The constituency covers parts of Kirov and northern Kirov Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Rakhim Azimov, former Senator from the Komi Republic and chemical executive.

2016 Russian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Russia on 18 September 2016, having been brought forward from 4 December. At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma of the 7th convocation, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Prior to the election United Russia had been the ruling party since winning the 2011 elections with 49.32% of the vote, and taking 238 seats (53%) of the seats in the State Duma.

Prior to the election, observers expected that turnout would be low and called the election campaign the dullest in recent memory. 109,820,679 voters were registered in the Russian Federation (including Crimea) on 1 January 2016. Taking into account people registered outside the Russian Federation and the voters in Baikonur, the total number of eligible voters for 1 January 2016 was 111,724,534. The vote had a record low turnout of 47.88%, with just 28% of Muscovites casting their votes before 6 pm.
Yashobhoomi
Yashobhoomi is a convention center located in  Sector 25, Dwarka, Delhi, India. It is the largest convention center in India and Asia by area, and one of the biggest MICE facilities in the world. Yashobhoomi's foundation stone was laid on 20 September 2018. Construction began the following day and the first phase was expected to be completed by September 2022 in time to host the G20 Summit in 2023.

However, labour shortages and slowdowns in work caused by the COVID-19 pandemic delayed completion to 15 September 2023. The first phase of Yashobhoomi was inaugurated on 17 September 2023.

Its development cost are projected to be around ₹25,700 crore (US$3.0 billion), out of which its first phase cost ₹5,400 crore (US$640 million). The total area of the entire convention center is 890,000 m2, with built-up areas of over 100,000 m2 and 300,000 m2, while its first phase covers 73,000 m2.

2023 G20 New Delhi summit
The 2023 G20 New Delhi summit was the eighteenth meeting of the G20 (Group of Twenty), a Head of State and Government meeting held at  Bharat Mandapam, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi on 9–10 September 2023. It was the first G20 summit held in India.
Alejandro Vilca
Alejandro Ariel Vilca (born 5 July 1976) is an Argentine activist, garbage worker, trade unionist and politician, active in the Socialist Workers' Party (PTS). A member of the Indigenous Qulla people, Vilca was elected to the provincial legislature of Jujuy Province in 2017 on the Workers' Left Front (FIT) list, which won 18% of the vote. In 2021, he was elected to the National Chamber of Deputies.

Legislature of Jujuy
The Legislature of Jujuy Province (Spanish: Legislatura la Provincia de Jujuy) is the unicameral legislative body of Jujuy Province, in Argentina. It convenes in the provincial capital, San Salvador de Jujuy.

It comprises 48 legislators elected in a single multi-member province-wide district through proportional representation using the D'Hondt method. Members are elected by halves in staggered elections for four-year terms every two years. There is, in addition, a 30% gender quota for female candidates in party lists.

The Legislature is presided by the vice governor of Jujuy, who is elected alongside the governor every four years. Since 2015, Carlos Haquim of the Cambia Jujuy coalition, elected alongside Gerardo Morales, has been vice governor and president of the Legislature.
Bryce Elder
Bryce Cason Elder (born May 19, 1999) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB). Elder played college baseball at the University of Texas at Austin and was drafted by the Braves in the fifth round of the 2020 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut in 2022. Elder was named to his All-Star game in 2023.

2023 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 2023 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 93rd Major League Baseball All-Star Game, held between the American League (AL) and the National League (NL) of Major League Baseball (MLB). The game was played on July 11, 2023, and was broadcast nationally by Fox, Fox Deportes, and ESPN Radio. The game was hosted by the Seattle Mariners at T-Mobile Park in Seattle, Washington. Philadelphia Phillies manager Rob Thomson managed the National League team, while Houston Astros manager Dusty Baker managed the American League team. The NL beat the AL, 3–2, and earned their first win since 2012.
John Rosso
John Rosso is a Papua New Guinea politician and Member of the 10th Parliament of Papua New Guinea. He is also a businessman, and owns two companies based in Lae. Elected as an independent, he joined the Pangu Party shortly after the election. He is currently Minister for Lands and Physical Planning in the Marape-Rosso Government.

Pangu Pati
The Pangu Pati (Pangu Party), officially Papua na Niugini Yunion Pati (lit. 'Papua and New Guinea Union Party'), is a nationalist and developmentalist political party in Papua New Guinea. The party is the oldest political party in Papua New Guinea and has held all levels of government throughout its history. As of 2023, it is the largest party in the National Parliament.
Farzad Ashoubi
Gholam-Abbas Ashoubi (Persian: غلامعباس آشوبی, born 16 April 1980), better known as Farzad Ashoubi (Persian: فرزاد آشوبی), is an Iranian former footballer who last played for Rah Ahan in the Persian Gulf Pro League.

Persian Gulf Pro League
The Persian Gulf Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر خلیج فارس, Lig-e Bartar-e Xalij-e Fârs), formerly known as the Iran Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر ایران, Lig-e bartar-e Irân), is a professional association football league in Iran and the highest level of the Iranian football league system. It is controlled by the FFIRI and is contested by 16 teams over a 30-matchday period.

Each year, its top team becomes the Iranian football champion, and the two lowest finishers are relegated to the Azadegan League.

Since 2013, the league comprises 16 teams. The winner of the Persian Gulf Pro League along with the Hazfi Cup champion automatically qualify for the AFC Champions League Elite group stages. The third of the Persian Gulf Pro League is qualified for the AFC Champions League Elite Play-off round. The bottom two teams in the league are relegated to Azadegan League. In the past, the format and number of teams were changed for various times.
2013 Western Canada Cup
The 2013 Western Canada Cup was played April 26–May 5, 2013 at Nanaimo, British Columbia.  This was the first season for the Western Canada Cup, which succeeded the Anavet and Doyle Cups to decide the two western Canada entries in the Royal Bank Cup, Canada's Junior A ice hockey championship.

The Surrey Eagles (British Columbia) and Brooks Bandits (Alberta) finished first and second, respectively, and thereby qualified for the 2013 Royal Bank Cup.  The other teams competing were the Yorkton Terriers (Saskatchewan), Steinbach Pistons (Manitoba), and the host Nanaimo Clippers.

Western Canada Cup
The Western Canada Cup (WCC); was the Junior 'A' ice hockey championship for western Canada from 2013 to 2017. The annual five-team event consisted of the host team and the champions from the four western leagues (Alberta Junior Hockey League, British Columbia Hockey League, Manitoba Junior Hockey League, and Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League), and was used to determine the two Western seeds for the national championship, known at that time as the RBC Cup.
Phlebia tremellosa
Phlebia tremellosa (formerly Merulius tremellosus), commonly known as trembling Merulius or jelly rot, is a species of fungus in the family Meruliaceae. It is a common and widely distributed wood-decay fungus that grows on the rotting wood of both hardwood and conifer plants.

Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).
K2-136
K2-136 is a K-type main-sequence star located in the zodiac constellation Taurus. It is a member of the Hyades open cluster, which provides a well-constrained young age on the system. The star is known to host three transiting exoplanets, discovered in 2017 from lightcurves gathered by the Kepler space telescope during the K2 extension mission. The innermost planet is approximately Earth-sized, the first such planet found in a young open cluster.

The star is likely accompanied by a faint red dwarf of spectral type M7/8V located at a projected separation of ~40 AU.

Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not directly image the planet but deduce its existence from another signal. Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. For example, a star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the glare from the parent star washes it out. For those reasons, very few of the exoplanets reported as of June 2025 have been detected directly, with even fewer being resolved from their host star.
Stadtwerkstatt
The Stadtwerkstatt is an open event and project house in Linz. Founded in 1979 by young activists, it is the city's oldest autonomous cultural center. In addition to several music events each week, other cultural and artistic events are also held regularly. Three different associations operate in the Stadtwerkstatt building: the Friedhofstr 6 association (vulgo Stadtwerkstatt) with its Cafe Strom, art projects and events departments, as well as the non-commercial radio station Radio FRO and the net art and culture initiative servus.at.

Ars Electronica
Ars Electronica Linz GmbH is an Austrian cultural, educational and scientific institute active in the field of new media art, founded in Linz in 1979. It is based at the Ars Electronica Center (AEC), which houses the Museum of the Future, in the city of Linz.

Ars Electronica's activities focus on the interlinkages between art, technology and society. It runs an annual festival, and manages a multidisciplinary media arts R&D facility known as the Futurelab. It also confers the Prix Ars Electronica awards.
NeoEdge Networks
NeoEdge Networks was a Silicon Valley–based technology and in-game advertising company that enabled casual game publishers and developers to deliver television-like commercials within their products – frequently in the context of free-to-consumer casual game play. NeoEdge powered advertising for a variety of game publishers including Yahoo. NeoEdge provided both peer-to-peer game distribution (to reduce costs of distributing games) and in-game advertising (to help increase consumer game play and monetization).
It was renamed Blue Noodle in early 2011 and shut down later that year.

Casual game
A casual game is a video game targeted at a mass market audience, as opposed to a hardcore game, which is targeted at hobbyist gamers. Casual games may exhibit any type of gameplay and genre. They generally involve simpler rules, shorter sessions, and require less learned skill. They do not expect familiarity with a standard set of mechanics, controls, and tropes.

Countless casual games have been developed and published, alongside hardcore games, across the history of video games.  A concerted effort to capitalize on casual games grew in the 1990s and 2000s, as many developers and publishers branded themselves as casual game companies, publishing games especially for PCs, web browsers, and smartphones.
Īhenga
Īhenga was an early Māori explorer and rangatira of Te Arawa. After burying his father at Moehau, he travelled to Maketu to be purified by his uncle Kahumatamomoe, whose daughter he married. He explored the North Island and named many places, including Lakes Rotoiti and Rotorua. He tricked the existing residents out of their land and settled at Ngonogtaha. Later, he and Kahumamatamomoe travelled to Kaipara together. He might have lived in the early fifteenth century.

Lake Rotorua
Lake Rotorua (Māori: Te Rotorua nui ā Kahumatamomoe) is the second largest lake in the North Island of New Zealand by surface area, covering 79.8 km2. It has a mean depth of just 10 metres and a considerably smaller volume of water than nearby Lake Tarawera. It sits within the Rotorua Caldera in the Bay of Plenty Region.
Easterhouse
Easterhouse is a suburb of Glasgow, Scotland, six miles (ten kilometres) east of the city centre on land gained from the county of Lanarkshire as part of an expansion of Glasgow before the Second World War. The area is on high ground north of the River Clyde and south of the River Kelvin and Campsie Fells.

Building began in the mid-1950s to provide better housing for people in the East End living in sub-standard conditions. At the 2001 Census, its population was 26,495.

Neighbourhoods of Easterhouse include Provanhall, Kildermorie, Lochend, Rogerfield and Commonhead, as well as Wellhouse, Easthall and Queenslie which are separated from the other parts by the M8 motorway running east–west through the area. The nearby communities of Barlanark, Craigend, Cranhill, Garthamlock and Ruchazie were constructed using the same building principles and have suffered from similar problems.

M8 motorway (Scotland)
The M8 is the busiest motorway in Scotland. It connects the country's two largest cities, Glasgow and Edinburgh, and serves other large communities including Airdrie, Coatbridge, Greenock, Livingston and Paisley. The motorway is 60 miles (97 km) long. A major construction project to build the final section between Newhouse and Baillieston was completed on 30 April 2017.  The motorway has one service station, Heart of Scotland Services, previously named Harthill due to its proximity to the village.
Sheikhan principality
The Daseni Principality (Kurdish: میرگەها داسنیا, Mīrgaha Dāsiniyyā), also known as the Shaykhan (or Sheikhan) Principality, was a semi-autonomous Yezidi Kurdish Emirate, centered around the Sheikhan region (including the Yezidi holy site of Lalish). Established by the Daseni tribe around 906 following a rebellion against Hamdanid authority, it existed until 1832, when it was conquered by the Soran Emirate under Muhammad Kor, a campaign that culminated in widespread massacres and the execution of the last Daseni ruler, Ali Beg.

Hamdanid dynasty
The Hamdanid dynasty (Arabic: الحمدانيون, romanized: al-Ḥamdāniyyūn) was a Shia Muslim Arab dynasty  that ruled modern day Northern Mesopotamia and Syria (890–1004). They descended from the ancient Banu Taghlib tribe of Mesopotamia and Arabia.
Punchbowl Bus Company
Punchbowl Bus Company (PBC) is an Australian bus company. It operates bus services in Goulburn and Crookwell in the Southern Tablelands as PBC Goulburn and PBC Crookwell.

Prior to July 2023, it also operated bus services in Sydney Bus Region 5 servicing Hurstville, Roselands, Bankstown, Strathfield and surrounding suburbs. Since then, it only operates charter bus services in Sydney.

Sydney metropolitan bus service contracts
Contracts are issued by the Government of New South Wales to metropolitan bus operators in Sydney, Australia, to operate its public bus route network. Since 2005, the government has moved from individual contracts with operators to larger contract regions, leading to the consolidation of bus operators.
Boss School of Music
The Boss School of Music was a Thane-based institution that conducted music classes in Mumbai, India. The school conducted electronic keyboard music workshops in collaboration with the University of Mumbai from 1996 to 2005, until it came under controversy for allegations of witchcraft and black magic, by parents of some students. Cases were filed in the Bombay High Court regarding the same, and were later dismissed by the Supreme Court of India.

University of Mumbai
University of Mumbai is a public state university in Mumbai. It is one of the largest university systems in the world with over 549,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. As of 2013, the university had 711 affiliated colleges.

It was established in 1857 as the University of Bombay following a dispatch from Sir Charles Wood, President of the Board of Control, to Governor-General Lord Dalhousie. There are courses available covering science, commerce and the arts.
Small nucleolar RNA Z178
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z178 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA Z178 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

Plant snoRNA Z178 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
Konstantinas Avižienis
Konstantinas Avižienis (17 April 1894 – 2 January 1922) was a Lithuanian military officer who acted as an assistant military attaché in Moscow under Jurgis Baltrušaitis. Avižienis collected personal documents of some Russian covert agents working in Lithuania, and after sending them back to the country, was shortly killed. Despite the official explanation being that Avižienis was killed by a jealous husband, it is widely believed that Avižienis was murdered by a Cheka agent due to him sending sensitive information to Lithuania.

Jurgis Baltrušaitis
Jurgis Baltrušaitis (2 May 1873 – 3 January 1944) was a Lithuanian Symbolist poet and translator who wrote in Lithuanian and Russian, and was an exponent of iconology. He was the father of art historian and critic Jurgis Baltrušaitis Jr.
Karanlık Canyon
Karanlık Canyon (Turkish: Karanlık Kanyon), literally "Dark Canyon", is a deep steep-sided gorge located between the İliç and Kemaliye districts of Erzincan Province, Turkey, formed by Karasu River on the Munzur Mountains.

The Munzur Mountains, which run in about east–west direction, are split by north–south directed narrow valleys formed by streams. The formation in Kemaliye area, created by Karasu River, is called Kemaliye Pass (Turkish: Kemaliye Boğazı). Its part between the Bağıştaş village of İliç and the Dutluca village of Kemaliye is named Karanlık Canyon. The canyon is 25 km (16 mi) long, 1,000 m (3,300 ft) deep and 10–15 m (33–49 ft) wide at the base featuring almost 90% rocky slope gradient.

The canyon offers outdoor recreational activities such as rock climbing and boat rides.

Munzur Mountains
Munzur Mountains (Turkish: Munzur Dağları),also known as the Mercan Mountain Range (Turkish: Mercan sıradağları), is a mountain range in Eastern Anatolia region, Turkey.  It is located on the border of Tunceli and Erzincan provinces. There is Munzur Valley National Park in the Munzur Mountains.
Hosena
Hosena (Sorbian: Hóznja) is a borough (Ortsteil) of the town of Senftenberg in Brandenburg, Germany. Hosena is located in Upper Lusatia not far from the Senftenberger See. Hosena station is at the junction of the Węgliniec–Roßlau railway and the Lübbenau–Kamenz railway.

Lake Senftenberg
Lake Senftenberg (German: Senftenberger See, formerly called Speicherbecken Niemtsch—Niemtsch reservoir, Upper Sorbian: Złykomorowski jězor, Lower Sorbian: Złykomorowski jazor) is an artificial lake in Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Brandenburg, Germany. It is located in the Lusatian Lake District, a chain of artificial lakes. The lake is located on the border of Lower  and Upper Lusatia between the southern Brandenburg city of Senftenberg and its districts Niemtsch and Großkoschen. Lake Senftenberg is one of the largest artificial lakes in Germany with an area of 1300 hectares (5 sq. mi.).
Death and state funeral of Silvio Berlusconi
On 12 June 2023, former Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi died at the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, aged 86, due to complications from a severe form of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. On the same day, the Italian government announced a state funeral and proclaimed a national day of mourning for 14 June.

National day of mourning
A national day of mourning is a day, or one of several days, marked by mourning and memorial activities observed among the majority of a country's populace. They are designated by the national government. Such days include those marking the death or funeral of a renowned individual or individuals from that country or elsewhere or the anniversary of such a death or deaths, wartime commemorations, or the occurrence or anniversary of a significant disaster either in the country or in another country. Flying a national or military flag of that country at half-mast is a common symbol.

Sociologically, period of national mourning are understood "as instituting states of social exception during which state authorities enact ritual actions consisting in a sequence of choreographically staged performative acts meant to create a national community of grief in the face of what is framed as a socially meaningful loss."