hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alan Deyermond
Alan Deyermond FBA (24 February 1932 – 19 September 2009) was a British professor of medieval Spanish literature and Hispanist.  His obituary called him "the English-speaking world's leading scholar of medieval Hispanic literature". He spent his academic career associated with one University of London college, Westfield College (later merged with Queen Mary College, to form Queen Mary and Westfield College).

Deyermond started his career in 1955 as a lecturer at Westfield College, London. When Westfield merged with Queen Mary College in 1992, he moved to the Mile End site. In the period 1978–1980 he held a joint chair at Westfield and at Princeton University.

Westfield College
Westfield College was a small college situated in Hampstead, London, from 1882 to 1989. It was the first college to aim to educate women for University of London degrees from its opening. The college originally admitted only women as students and became coeducational in 1964. In 1989, it merged with Queen Mary College. The merged institution was named Queen Mary and Westfield College until 2000, when the name was publicly changed to Queen Mary University of London.
Karen Vogtmann
Karen Vogtmann FRS (born July 13, 1949 in Pittsburg, California) is an American mathematician working primarily in the area of geometric group theory. She introduced, in a 1986 paper with Marc Culler, an object now known as the Culler–Vogtmann Outer space. The Outer space is a free group analog of the Teichmüller space of a Riemann surface and is particularly useful in the study of the group of outer automorphisms of the free group on n generators, Out(Fn). Vogtmann is a professor of mathematics at Cornell University and the University of Warwick.

Free group
In mathematics, the free group  over a given set  consists of all words that can be built from members of , considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g.  but  for ). The members of  are called generators of , and the number of generators is the rank of the free group.
An arbitrary group  is called free if it is isomorphic to  for some subset  of , that is, if there is a subset  of  such that every element of  can be written in exactly one way as a product of finitely many elements of  and their inverses (disregarding trivial variations such as ).

A related but different notion is a free abelian group; both notions are particular instances of a free object from universal algebra. As such, free groups are defined by their universal property.
James Patteril
Mar James Patteril is an Indian bishop of the Syro-Malabar Church and a member of the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary. On 28 August 2025, the Synod of Bishops of the Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Church, with prior assent from Pope Leo XIV, elected him Bishop of the Eparchy of Belthangady in Karnataka, India, succeeding Mar Lawrence Mukkuzhy.

Claretians
The Claretians, officially named the Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Latin: Congregatio Missionariorum Filiorum Immaculati Cordis Beatae Mariae Virginis; abbreviated CMF), is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men headquartered in Rome. It was founded on July 16, 1849, by Fr. Antonio María Claret y Clará, C.M.F. They are active as  missionaries worldwide, in 70 countries on five continents. The number of Claretian priests and brothers is at more than 3,000. The Congregation has a particular devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary and members have published extensively in Mariology.
Cambodian tailorbird
The Cambodian tailorbird (Orthotomus chaktomuk) is a species of bird endemic to Cambodia, likely confined to a single dense shrub habitat in the floodplain of the Mekong river. It was first discovered and recorded by scientists in 2009 in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, during avian influenza checks. In 2013, it was determined to be a unique species and formally described. It is a very small bird, about 10 cm long, with an orange-red tuft on its head.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
Kinematic similarity
In fluid mechanics, kinematic similarity is described as “the velocity at any point in the model flow is proportional by a constant scale factor to the velocity at the same point in the prototype flow, while it is maintaining the flow’s streamline shape.” Kinematic Similarity is one of the three essential conditions (Geometric Similarity, Dynamic Similarity and Kinematic Similarity)  to complete the similarities between a model and a prototype. The kinematic similarity is the similarity of the motion of the fluid. Since motions can be expressed with distance and time, it implies the similarity of lengths (i.e. geometrical similarity) and, in addition, a similarity of the time interval. To achieve kinematic similarity in a scaled model, dimensionless numbers in fluid dynamics come into consideration. For example, Reynolds number of the model and the prototype must match. There are other dimensionless numbers that will also come into consideration, such as Womersley number

Womersley number
The Womersley number ( or ) is a dimensionless number in biofluid mechanics and biofluid dynamics. It is a dimensionless expression of the pulsatile flow frequency in relation to viscous effects. It is named after John R. Womersley (1907–1958) for his work with blood flow in arteries. The Womersley number is important in keeping dynamic similarity when scaling an experiment. An example of this is scaling up the vascular system for experimental study. The Womersley number is also important in determining the thickness of the boundary layer to see if entrance effects can be ignored.

The square of this number is also referred to as the Stokes number, , due to the pioneering work done by Sir George Stokes on the Stokes second problem.
Vladimir Kiriyenko
Vladimir Sergeevich Kiriyenko (Russian: Владимир Сергеевич Кириенко; born 27 May 1983) is a Russian business executive and media manager who is the CEO of VK, a popular Russian social networking service. He previously served as vice president of Rostelecom, one of Russia's leading long-distance telephone providers. Kiriyenko is the son of Kremlin official Sergey Kiriyenko.

Rostelecom
Rostelecom (Russian: Ростелеком) is Russia's largest provider of digital services for a wide variety of consumers, households, private businesses, government and municipal authorities, and other telecom providers.
Rostelecom interconnects all local public operators' networks into a single national network for long-distance service. In other words, if one makes a long-distance call or originates Internet contact to or from Russia, Rostelecom is likely providing part of the service. The company's stock trades primarily on the Moscow Exchange.
Jumma people
The term Jumma (from Jhum cultivation, Bengali: জুম্ম), also called Pahari (Bengali: পাহাড়ি, lit. 'Hill people') by Bengalis, usually refers to the indigenous tribal peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh. They include the Chakma, Arakanese (Rakhine), Marma, Tripuri, Tanchangya, Chak, Pankho, Mru, Bawm, Lushai, Khyang, and Khumi.

With the exception of the relatively well-integrated Chakma and Tanchangya, most of the peoples referring themselves Jumma are native speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages, unrelated to the Bengali language spoken by ethnic Bengalis. They are religiously and culturally distinct as well, with most being Buddhists, some Hindus, and some being converted Christians and Muslims. In addition, they have retained some traditional religious practices.

Chak people
The Chaks (Bengali: চাক Bengali pronunciation: [tʃak]), are a community inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, northeastern states of India. In Myanmar, they are known as Thet people (သက်) classified under Rakhine subgroup.
Johnny Burke (lyricist)
John Francis Burke (October 3, 1908 – February 25, 1964) was an American lyricist, successful and prolific between the 1920s and 1950s. His work is considered part of the Great American Songbook.

His song "Swinging on a Star", from the Bing Crosby film Going My Way, won an Academy Award for Best Song in 1944.

Academy Award for Best Original Song
The Academy Award for Best Original Song is one of the awards given annually to people working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is presented to the songwriters who have composed the best original song written specifically for a film. The performers of a song are not credited with the Academy Award unless they contributed either to music, lyrics, or both in their own right. The songs that are nominated for this award are typically performed during the ceremony and before this award is presented.

The award category was introduced at the 7th Academy Awards, the ceremony honoring the best in film for 1934. Nominations are made by Academy members who are songwriters and composers, and the winners are chosen by the Academy membership as a whole. Fifteen songs are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Eyal Zamir
Eyal Zamir (Hebrew: אייל זמיר; born 26 January 1966) is an Israeli military officer who is the current Chief of the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, having taken office on 5 March 2025. Zamir previously served as the Director-General of the Israeli Ministry of Defense (2023–2025), as Deputy Chief of Staff between 2018 and 2021, commander of the Southern Command, Military Secretary to the Prime Minister, commander of the 36th Division and commander of the 7th Armored Brigade.

Ministry of Defense (Israel)
The Ministry of Defense (Hebrew: משרד הביטחון, romanized: Misrad HaBitahon, lit. 'Ministry of Security', acronym: Hebrew: משהב"ט) of the government of Israel, is the governmental department responsible for defending the State of Israel from internal and external military threats. Its political head is the defense minister of Israel, and its offices are located in HaKirya, Tel Aviv.

The Ministry of Defense oversees most of the Israeli security forces, including the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Israel Military Industries (IMI), and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).

The ministry was established when the British Mandate of Palestine ended, and the British Army departed Palestine and the State of Israel was formed. This ended the rag-tag militia units during British rule and gave way to the formal defense of the Jewish state.
Battle of Kvareli
The Battle of Kvareli (Georgian: ყვარლის ბრძოლა) took place between the Kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti and the Avar Khanate as well as its tributaries in 1755. Nursal-Bey led a Dagestan and Jar-Balakan army laid siege to the castle at Kvareli.

Kingdom of Kakheti
The Kingdom of Kakheti (Georgian: კახეთის სამეფო, romanized: k'akhetis samepo; also spelled Kaxet'i or Kakhetia) was a late medieval and early modern monarchy in eastern Georgia, centered at the province of Kakheti, with its capital first at Gremi and then at Telavi. It emerged in the process of a tripartite division of the Kingdom of Georgia in 1466 and existed, with several brief intermissions, until 1762 when Kakheti and the neighboring Georgian kingdom of Kartli were merged through a dynastic succession under the Kakhetian branch of the Bagrationi dynasty. Through much of this period, the kingdom was a vassal of the successive dynasties of Iran, and to a much shorter period Ottoman Empire, but enjoyed intermittent periods of greater independence, especially after 1747.
Reinhardswald
The Reinhardswald (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnhaʁtsˌvalt] ⓘ) is a range of hills up to 472.2 m above sea level (NN) and covering an area of over 200 km² in the Weser Uplands in the district of Kassel, Hesse (Germany). Of this, 183 km² are part of the unincorporated area known as Gutsbezirk Reinhardswald.

The area is known for its myths and legends, such as Grimms' Fairy Tales, and the "Sleeping Beauty" castle of Sababurg is internationally known.

Normalnull
Normalnull ("standard zero") or Normal-Null (short N. N. or NN) is an outdated official vertical datum used in Germany. Elevations using this reference system were to be marked Meter über Normal-Null (“meters above standard zero”). Normalnull has been replaced by Normalhöhennull (NHN).
Bavarian Ministry of the Interior
The Bavarian Ministry of the Interior, Sport and Integration (German: Bayerisches Staatsministerium des Innern, für Sport und Integration) is the interior ministry of Bavaria. It is headquartered in Munich, and was established on November 21, 1806 as the Departement des Innern. The first Minister of the Interior was Count Maximilian von Montgelas (until 1817).

Since October 16, 2007, Joachim Herrmann (CSU) has been Minister of the Interior.

On September 1st, 2024, the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior uploaded a video on their official X (formerly twitter) account which contained a number of seemingly Islamophobic tropes and imagery. The post has since been deleted from their account.

Maximilian von Montgelas
Maximilian Karl Joseph Franz de Paula Hieronymus de Garnerin de la Thuile, Count von Montgelas (German: Maximilian Karl Joseph Franz de Paula Hieronymus de Garnerin de la Thuille Graf von Montgelas; 12 September 1759 – 14 June 1838) was a Bavarian statesman, a member of a noble family from the Duchy of Savoy. His father John Sigmund Garnerin, Baron Montgelas (German: Janus Sigmund Garnerin Freiherr von Montgelas), entered the military service of Maximilian III, Elector of Bavaria, and married the Countess Ursula von Trauner. Maximilian Josef, their eldest son, was born in the Bavarian capital Munich on September 10, 1759.
Jean Drapeau
Jean Drapeau CC GOQ (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ dʁapo]; 18 February 1916 – 12 August 1999) was a Canadian politician who served as mayor of Montreal for 2 non-consecutive terms from 1954 to 1957 and from 1960 to 1986. 
Major accomplishments of the Drapeau Administration include the development of the Montreal Metro entirely underground mass transit subway system running on 'whisper quiet' rubber wheels, a successful international exposition Expo 67 as well as the construction of a major performing arts centre, the Place des Arts. Drapeau also secured the hosting of the 1976 Summer Olympics and was instrumental in building the Olympic Stadium and then world's tallest inclined tower. Drapeau was responsible for securing a Major League Baseball franchise, with the creation of the Montreal Expos in 1969. Drapeau's main legacy is Montreal's attainment of global status under his administration. He was the longest serving mayor of Montreal.

Mayor of Montreal
The mayor of Montreal is head of the executive branch of the Montreal City Council. The current mayor is Soraya Martinez Ferrada, who was elected into office in 2025. The office of the mayor administers all city services, public property, police and fire protection, most public agencies, and enforces all city and provincial laws within Montreal, Quebec. The mayor is directly elected by citizens, by a plurality of votes, for a four-year term (unless a vacancy occurs). The mayor's office is located in Montreal City Hall.
Tuzcuoğlu Rebellions
The Tuzcuoğlu Rebellions were a series of uprisings in the early 19th century led by the Tuzcuoğlu family in response to the Ottoman government's attempts to curb the power of local ayans in the Black Sea region. Reacting to the central authority's tax, land, and administrative policies that diminished their regional influence, the Tuzcuoğulları launched several revolts, further fueled by rivalry and pressure from the Hazinedaroğlu family.

Lazistan Sanjak
Lazistan (Laz: ლაზონა / Lazona, ლაზეთი / Lazeti, ჭანეთი / Ç'aneti; Ottoman Turkish: لازستان, Lazistān) was the Ottoman administrative name for the sanjak, under Trebizond Vilayet, comprising the Laz or Lazuri-speaking population on the southeastern shore of the Black Sea. It covered modern day land of contemporary Rize Province and the littoral of contemporary Artvin Province.
A. V. Rama Rao
Alla Venkata Rama Rao (born 2 April 1935) is an Indian inventor and chemist, known for his pioneering research in the field of drug technology. He is the founder of the A. V. Rama Rao Research Foundation, a non governmental organization promoting research and doctoral studies in chemistry and Avra Laboratories, an organization dealing in intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients, used in therapeutics. An elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India, and Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Rama Rao is a recipient of several awards such as TWAS Technology Award, VASVIK Industrial Research Award and Om Prakash Bhasin Award. The Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri in 1991 and the Padma Bhushan in 2016.

Om Prakash Bhasin Award
Om Prakash Bhasin Award for Science and Technology is an Indian award, instituted in 1985 to recognize excellence in the areas of science and technology. The award, given individually or collectively to a group, is annual in cycle and carries a plaque, a citation and a cash prize of ₹ 100,000. The winners are invited to deliver the Om Prakash Bhasin Memorial Lecture at a venue decided by the award committee.
Armanizam Dolah
Armanizam Dolah is a Singaporean footballer who played as a midfielder for Woodlands Wellington FC in the S.League. He is the team captain of the Rams. He currently works at Marina Bay Sands.

He played with Balestier Khalsa Football Club in the 2011 S-League season before rejoining his Tigers coach, Salim Moin, at Woodlands Wellington FC in 2012.

He is one of the many players who switched from Balestier to Woodlands in the 2011 off-season, the others being Ahmadulhaq Che Omar, K. Sathiaraj and Shamsurin Abdul Rahman.

Armanizam was singled out as one of the exciting players to watch in the 2012 S-League and he was named as one of the top 10 signings of the 2012 S-League season by Voxsports.

Following his impressive performances in the 2012 season, Armanizam was handed the captain's armband for the 2013 season after similarly impressing Woodlands head coach Salim Moin and his coaching panel as the team captain during the Rams' pre-season friendlies.

Woodlands Wellington FC
Woodlands Wellington Football Club was a professional football club based in Woodlands, Singapore which played in the S.League, the top division of football in Singapore. The club took part in S.League from 1996 to 2014. They are at the 4,300 seater Woodlands Stadium, where they have played since their establishment.

Woodlands Wellington's honours include winning the inaugural Singapore League Cup in 2007, defeating Sengkang Punggol 4–0 in the final. They also finished runners-up in the Singapore FA Cup in 1997, and also in the Singapore Cup in 2005 and 2008 and won the President's Centennial Cup in 1998, a cup competition organized by the Philippine Football Federation to celebrate the centennial of Philippine Independence by defeating Hong Kong Rangers 2–1 in the final in Bacolod.

Their best finish in the S-League came in the 1996 Tiger Beer Series where they were runners-up. They have also achieved 3rd place in 1997 and 2005.
Sergey Bidonko
Sergey Yurievich Bidonko (Russian: Сергей Юрьевич Бидонько; born 18 August 1975, Karpinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast) is a Russian political figure, deputy of the 7th and 8th State Duma convocations.

In 1993 he graduated from the Krasnotur'inskiy Industrial'nyy Kolledzh. Later he continued his education at the Ural State Technical University (2000) and the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (2011).

7th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 7th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации седьмого созыва) is a former convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.

The composition of the 7th State Duma was based on the results of the 2016 parliamentary election. Elections were held using a mixed system: 225 deputies were elected on party lists and 225 — in single-member constituencies. Of the 14 parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the required 5% electoral threshold. Two more parties and one independent candidate were able to enter the State Duma via single-mandate constituencies.
Jordan Lyden
Jordan David Lyden (born 30 January 1996) is an Australian soccer player who plays as a defensive midfielder for Southern League Premier Division Central club Bromsgrove Sporting.

Born in Perth, Lyden played youth soccer for ECU Joondalup before moving to England to play for Aston Villa in 2012, making his professional debut for the side in 2016.

He has represented Australia at under-20 level.

Australia men's national under-20 soccer team
The Australia national under-20 soccer team, known colloquially as the Young Socceroos, represents Australia in international under-20 soccer. The team is controlled by the governing body for soccer in Australia, Football Australia (FA), which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006. The team's official nickname is the Young Socceroos.

The team has won twelve OFC titles, one AFC title, and five AFF titles. They have represented Australia at the FIFA U-20 World Cup tournaments on 15 occasions with their best result being a fourth-place finish in 1991 and 1993.
Francis Lévy
Francis Lévy, (Vinça, 6 November 1930–Perpignan, 31 January 2009) was a rugby league player and coach. As a player, he was a utility back.

He knew several clubs during his career. He played for XIII Catalan with which he won the French Championship in 1958 and another in 1960 for Roanne. He also played during a season for Celtic de Paris before the 1951–52 season. Due to his club performance, he was called up eight times for the France national team between 1955 and 1957, as well disputing the 1957 World Cup.

After his playing career, he became a coach and won with Pia the Lord Derby Cup in 1975.

French Rugby League Championship
The French rugby league championship (French: Le Championnat de France de Rugby à XIII) was the top tier of the French rugby league system from its inception in 1934 until 2002 when the league was split into two divisions; the Elite One Championship and Elite Two Championship.

In all seasons except for the first, a play-off structure leading to a championship final has been used to determine the fate of the championship.