hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hugo Hovenkamp
Hugo Hermanus Hovenkamp (born 5 October 1950) is a Dutch former professional footballer, who played as a left-back. Most notably, he played for Eredivisie club AZ '67 in the late 1970s and early 1980s, where he won the 1980–81 championship, as well as three KNVB Cups.

Hovenkamp made his international debut for Netherlands in a 2-0 win in February 1977 against England. Hovenkamp was forced to withdraw from the 1978 FIFA World Cup squad due to injury, but as the deadline for calling up replacement players had passed, the Netherlands were unable to replace him.

He did play in the 1980 European Championships, and played his final international (a 1–0 loss to Spain) in a qualifier for the 1984 European Championship. He obtained 31 caps, scoring 2 goals.

KNVB Cup
The KNVB Beker (pronounced [ˌkaːʔɛɱveːˈbeː ˈbeːkər]; English: KNVB Cup), branded as the Eurojackpot KNVB Beker for sponsorship reasons, is a competition in the Netherlands organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) since 1898. It was based on the format of the English FA Cup. Outside the Netherlands, it is often referred to as the Dutch Cup. The tournament consists of all teams from the top four tiers of Dutch league football (Eredivisie, Eerste Divisie, Tweede Divisie and Derde Divisie), as well as the 24 semi-finalists (or replacements) of the six KNVB District Cups. The finals of the tournament traditionally takes place in De Kuip, and has been held there every season since the 1989 final. The winners of the cup compete against the winners of the Eredivisie for the Johan Cruyff Shield, (equivalent to a super cup) which acts as the curtain raiser for the following season.
A6 (album)
A6 is the sixth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Lights. The album was released independently on May 2, 2025 and follows her fifth album Pep (2022) and its re-imagined version, Ded (2023). Five singles with music videos were released in promotion of the album, and embarked on the (A)live Again Tour.

An extended version, titled A6Extended, was released on January 30, 2026 containing eight additional songs, with "Education", "Learning to Let Go", and "Come Get Your Girl" released as singles.

Pep (album)
Pep (stylized as PƎP) is the fifth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Lights. It was released on April 1, 2022, on Fueled by Ramen and is her first studio album under the label (not counting Skin & Earth Acoustic). Like her previous album, Skin & Earth, the album was accompanied by a comic, titled The Clinic, which is a side story to the Skin & Earth comic.

The album debuted at number 32 on the Canadian Albums Chart, being her first album not to break the top 10, as well as her first album to not enter the Billboard 200, but it did peak at number 25 on the Top Album Sales chart.
Fluorinated gases
Fluorinated gases (F-gases) is a term used by regulators to refer to fluorinated greenhouse gases. Major classes include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). They are used in refrigeration, air conditioning, heat pumps, fire suppression, electronics, aerospace, magnesium industry, foam, and high voltage switchgear. Their use is regulated due to their strong global warming potential.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) also contain fluorine and are often found in gas form, but are not generally described as fluorinated gases.

Fluorocarbon
Fluorocarbons are chemical compounds with carbon-fluorine bonds.  Compounds that contain many C-F bonds often have distinctive properties, e.g., enhanced stability, volatility, and hydrophobicity.  Several fluorocarbons and their derivatives are commercial polymers, refrigerants, drugs, and anesthetics.
Eugene Reginald de Fonseka
Eugene Reginald de Fonseka, QC (11 March 1912 - 21 September 2003) was a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka and served as the acting Chief Justice of Sri Lanka of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka in 1960 and 1962.

Supreme Court of Sri Lanka
The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණය, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā Śreṣthādikaranaya; Tamil: இலங்கை உயர் நீதிமன்றம், romanized: Ilaṇkai uyar nītimaṉṟam) is the highest court in Sri Lanka and the final judicial instance of record. Established in 1801 and empowered to exercise its powers subject to the provisions of the Constitution of Sri Lanka, the Supreme Court has ultimate appellate jurisdiction in constitutional matters and takes precedence over all lower courts. The Sri Lankan judicial system is a complex blend of common law and civil law. In some cases, such as those involving capital punishment, the decision may be passed on to the President of Sri Lanka for clemency petitions. The current Chief Justice of Sri Lanka is Padman Surasena.
Dael Orlandersmith
Dael Orlandersmith (born Donna Brown; 1960) is an American actress, poet and playwright. She is known for her Obie Award-winning Beauty's Daughter and the 2002 Pulitzer Prize Finalist in Drama, Yellowman.

Obie Award
The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards given since 1956 by The Village Voice newspaper to theater artists and groups involved in off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. Starting just after the 2014 ceremony, the American Theatre Wing became the joint presenter and administrative manager of the Obie Awards. The Obie Awards are considered off-Broadway's highest honor, similar to the Tony Awards for Broadway productions.
1985 Japan Series
The 1985 Japan Series was the championship series of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the 1985 season. The 36th edition of the Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff that matched the Central League champion Hanshin Tigers against the Pacific League champion Seibu Lions. Making their first appearance in the Japan Series since 1964, the Tigers finally won their first Japan Series championship. In the ensuing celebration, a perceived Curse of the Colonel was placed on the team after an apparent mishap of a statue by rowdy fans. Hanshin did not win another Japan Series until 2023, when they defeated fellow Kansai region team, Orix Buffaloes. As for the Lions, they bounced back and won six of the next seven championships.

Hanshin Tigers
The Hanshin Tigers (阪神タイガース, Hanshin Taigāsu) are a Nippon Professional Baseball team playing in the Central League. The team is based in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, next to their main stadium, Hanshin Koshien Stadium.

The Tigers are owned by Hanshin Electric Railway Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Hankyu Hanshin Holdings Inc.

The Hanshin Tigers are one of the oldest professional clubs in Japan. They played their first season in 1936 as the Osaka Tigers and assumed their current team name in 1961.
Djibouti–Ethiopia border
The Djibouti–Ethiopia border was formed during the 19th century via the formation of French Somaliland corresponding to the Ethiopian Empire in 1897. In 1950s, the frontier received significant demarcation from joint French–Ethiopian boundary commission. The modern Djibouti was bounded by 375 kilometers from tripoint of Eritrea on the mountain of Mousa Ali to the tripoint with Somalia, thus has favorable relations with Ethiopia. The border is essential for trading system for both countries where 97% import and export conducted and the Ethio-Djibouti corridor dominated the trading system of IGAD region with other routes such as Port Sudan, Berbera and Mombasa being of limited importance.

Mousa Ali
Mousa Ali (Arabic: موسى علي, French: Mousa Alli, Italian: Moussa Ali) is a 2,021 metres (6,631 ft) stratovolcano located on the tri-point of Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti. The volcano is the highest point in Djibouti. The volcano's summit is truncated by a caldera, which contains rhyolitic lava domes and lava flows. The last known eruption occurred before the Holocene epoch.

Mousa Ali is situated at the tri-point of the Tadjourah Region of Djibouti, the Southern Red Sea Region of Eritrea, and the Afar Region of Ethiopia.
Chakpa Lamlang Amaipi
Chakpa Lamlang Amaipi (ꯆꯛꯄꯥ ꯂꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯄꯤ), also known as Chakpa Lamlang Amaibi (ꯆꯛꯄ ꯂꯥꯝꯂꯡ ꯑꯃꯥꯏꯕꯤ), is a priestess (Amaibi) mentioned in the classical Meitei literary work Numit Kappa ("The Shooting Down of the Sun"). Portrayed as a high priestess of immense wisdom and divine authority, she plays an important role in restoring light to a darkened world by requesting the hiding sun Numitsana Khomadon to return to his former place. Her intervention shows the spiritual leadership of priestesses in early Meitei society.

Meitei culture
The culture of Meitei civilization evolved over thousands of years in what is now northeastern India and surrounding regions, beginning in Ancient Kangleipak, continuing most notably into Medieval Kangleipak, while influencing the neighboring states and kingdoms, till present times.
Dale Rasmussen
Dale Rasmussen (born 5 July 1977) is a former Samoan international rugby union player. He played as an outside centre.
Rasmussen joined Warriors from Exeter Chiefs in the summer of 2004 and made his debut in the club's first-ever Premiership match against Newcastle Falcons.

The Samoan international cemented his place in the side straight away and was a consistent player throughout the 2005/06 season, playing 23 league and cup games throughout the campaign. His performances and commitment was recognised by the Warriors coaching staff when they selected him as the Player of the Year, the award for which he picked up at the club's end of season awards celebration.

Last season Rasmussen signed a new three-year deal, which will keep him at Sixways until 2010.

In 2012, Ramussen announced that he would leave Worcester Warriors and retire from Rugby.

Worcester Warriors
Worcester Warriors is a professional rugby union club based in Worcester, England. The side most recently played in Premiership Rugby, the top division of English rugby union, before being suspended by the RFU in September 2022 due to financial insolvency. Following a period of administration, the club was reformed as a new entity and will play in Champ Rugby from the 2025–26 season.
Kevin Lerena
Kevin Lerena (born 5 May 1992) is a South African professional boxer. He has held the World Boxing Council (WBC) bridgerweight title since 2024. Previously, he held the International Boxing Organization (IBO) cruiserweight title from 2017 to 2021. At regional level, he has held multiple championships, including the South African title from 2015 to 2017.

Bridgerweight
Bridgerweight, also known as super cruiserweight, is a weight class in professional boxing used by the World Boxing Council (WBC) since 2020 and the World Boxing Association (WBA) since 2023. The division is for boxers weighing between 200 pounds (91 kg; 14 st 4 lb) and 224 pounds (102 kg; 16 st 0 lb). The weight is named after six-year-old American Bridger Walker, who saved his four-year-old sister from a stray dog in July 2020.
Đa Bút culture
The Đa Bút culture (5000–1000 BCE) is the name given to a period of the early Neolithic Age in Vietnam, after the name of the site in Vĩnh Lộc district. The Đa Bút site was excavated in the 1930s by fr:Étienne Patte, and is a Neolithic cemetery distinguished by shell middens. The site has recently been carbon-dated to 5000 BC. The people at the site were hunter-gatherers, and fishermen, with evidence of farming both of livestock and paddy rice. Other studies have given the site a slightly later date and found no evidence of food production.

The site is relevant to the two-layer hypothesis, as it is earliest culture in the region to the post-date the Hoabinhian culture, and therefore mark the beginning of the second layer.

Two layer hypothesis
The two layer hypothesis, or two layer model, argues that Eastern and Southeastern Asia was initially occupied by hunter-gatherer groups considered to be Australo-Papuans before being replaced by Neolithic agriculturalists, who possessed East Asian cranial morphology. Cranial morphometrics and dental characteristics of human remains were cited as evidence for the hypothesis.
Young Food Chemists
The working group Young Food Chemists (Arbeitsgruppe Junge Lebensmittelchemie, AG JLC) is a group of German university and PhD students as well as young professionals who represent the interests of students and trainees in the field of food chemistry, i.e. analytical chemistry with a focus on food.

The group acts as an independent working group of the German Food Chemical Society, an expert group of the Society of German Chemists.

German Chemical Society
The German Chemical Society (German: Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, GDCh) is a learned society and professional association founded in 1949 to represent the interests of German chemists in local, national and international contexts. GDCh "brings together people working in chemistry and the molecular sciences and supports their striving for positive, sustainable scientific advance – for the good of humankind and the environment, and a future worth living for."
B. Edwin Wilson
Burke Edwin Wilson is a retired United States Air Force two-star general who served as Commander, 24th Air Force at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas from 2014 to 2016.

Wilson entered the Air Force in 1985 through the United States Air Force Academy. He has commanded two space wings and the 24th Air Force. He has served as  Deputy Principal Cyber Advisor to the Secretary of Defense and Senior Military Advisor for Cyber, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, and as Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Cyber Policy in Washington, District of Columbia.

Since his retirement from the United States Air Force, he currently serves as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Cyber Policy.

Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
The United States under secretary of defense for policy (USDP) is a high level civilian official in the United States Department of Defense. The under secretary of defense for policy is the principal staff assistant and adviser to both the secretary of defense and the deputy secretary of defense for all matters concerning the formation of national security and defense policy.

The under secretary is normally appointed from civilian life by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Javad Khanate
Javad Khanate (Persian: خانات جواد) was a Caucasian khanate with its capital in the town of Javad. It extended from Javad on the Kura River southwest along the east side of the Aras River. It was bordered by the Shamakhy (north), Karabakh (west), Karadagh (southwest) and Talysh khanates (south), and the Salyan Sultanate (east), its territory lays within modern Azerbaijan.

It was formed in the middle of the 18th century in the area where the Kura and Aras rivers meet. In 1768 it was dependent on the Quba Khanate. The area was annexed to Russia in 1805 (see Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)).

Tsutsiev's atlas shows it on the 1763–1785 map. On the 1791–1801 map its territory is part of the Shirvan Khanate with some of the south belonging to Talysh.

Aras (river)
The Aras is a transboundary river in the Caucasus. It rises in eastern Turkey and flows along the borders between Turkey and Armenia, between Turkey and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, between Iran and both Azerbaijan and Armenia, and, finally, through Azerbaijan where it flows into the Kura river as a right tributary. It drains the south side of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, while the Kura drains the north side of the Lesser Caucasus. The river's total length is 1,072 km (666 mi) and its watershed covers an area of 102,000 km2 (39,000 mi2). The Aras is one of the longest rivers in the Caucasus.
Greta Bridge
Greta Bridge is a hamlet on the River Greta in the parishes of Rokeby and Brignall in County Durham, England. The bridge (now bypassed by the A66 trunk road) is over the River Greta, just south of its confluence with the River Tees. The North Pennines, Teesdale and the Greta Bridge area – including the Meeting of the Waters – became a source of inspiration for romantic artists, poets and writers during the eighteenth century.

River Tees
The River Tees (/tiːz/), in England, rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines and flows eastwards for 85 miles (137 km) to reach the North Sea in the North East of England. The modern-day history of the river has been tied with the industries on Teesside in its lower reaches, where it has provided the means of import and export of goods to and from the North East England. The need for water further downstream also meant that reservoirs were built in the extreme upper reaches, such as Cow Green.
2021 Pennsylvania Amendment 3
2021 Pennsylvania Amendment 3 was a proposed amendment to the Pennsylvania Constitution to prohibit the denial or abridgment of equal rights on the basis of race or ethnicity. Supporters of the measure included United States Senator John Fetterman, the ACLU of Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, while opposition to the change was mostly limited to social media. Placed on the ballot by Senate Bill 1166, it succeeded with over 72% of the vote in favor, and with the backing of every county except Fulton and Huntingdon.

Fulton County, Pennsylvania
Fulton County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,556, making it the fourth-least populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is McConnellsburg. The county was created on April 19, 1850, from a part of Bedford County and named after inventor Robert Fulton. The county is part of the south-central region of the commonwealth.
Do Makan
Do Makan (Persian: دومكان) is a village in, and the capital of, Khanmirza Rural District in the Central District of Khanmirza County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Aluni, now a city.

Central District (Khanmirza County)
The Central District of Khanmirza County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان خانمیرزا) is in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Aluni, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 2,775 in 734 households.
TU (union)
T-Mobile Workers United (TU) is an organization of T-Mobile USA and Metro by T-Mobile employees joining together for a voice and fair treatment at work. It represents currently 500 members and is affiliated with the Communications Workers of America (CWA) and Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft (ver.di), a large German service-sector union. TU is also supported by a coalition of community and labor groups around the world.

In July, 2011, technicians in Connecticut, voted for representation by the Communications Workers of America-TU (CWA-TU). On September 25, 2013, MetroPCS workers in Harlem, NY, voted for a union voice and representation by CWA-TU.

Ver.di
Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft (Verdi (stylized as ver.di; [ˈvɛʁdiː]); English: United Services Trade Union) is a German trade union based in Berlin, Germany. It was established on 19 March 2001 as the result of a merger of five individual unions and is a member of the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB). With around 1.9 million members, Verdi is the second largest German trade union after IG Metall. It currently employs around 3000 members of staff in Germany and has an annual income of approximately 454 million Euros obtained from membership subscriptions. The trade union is divided into 10 federal state districts and five divisions and is managed by a National Executive Board (Bundesvorstand) with nine members. Frank Bsirske was the chairman of Verdi from its founding in 2001 until September 2019, when Frank Werneke was elected.
Pappu Samrat
Shaukat Hussain Samrat (Urdu: شوکت حسین سمراٹ) (born 24 February 1970), best known by his screen name Pappu Samrat (Urdu: پپو سمراٹ), is a Pakistani choreographer.

He has choreographed music videos, stage shows and more than seventy films, including Mujhe Chand Chahiye (2000) for which he won Nigar Award of Best Choreographer at the 44th Nigar Awards. He won "Best Choreographer" at the 1st ARY Film Awards for Main Hoon Shahid Afridi (2013).

He is a part of the Pakistani choreography Samrat Family.

Nigar Awards
The Nigar Awards (Urdu: نگارانعامات, romanized: Negār Inʿāmaʿat, lit. 'Picture Awards') were presented in an annual award show to recognize outstanding achievement in Pakistani cinema. The honors were awarded by Nigar Magazine founded in 1948. The Nigar Awards were Pakistan's version of the Academy Awards. The awards show had been discontinued for some 15 year, and a revival was planned in 2017.

The annual presentation ceremony featured performances by prominent artists. The first Nigar Awards ceremony was held in 1957, to honor the accomplishments of Pakistani cinema for the year 1956. In 2002, following the 46th Annual Nigar Awards, Nigar Magazine announced its discontinuation of the awards due to the collapse of the Pakistani cinema industry.

After a 15-year hiatus, with the revival of Pakistani cinema, the 47th Nigar Awards were announced to be held on 16 March 2017 in Karachi. They were eventually cancelled.
Lan Qin (Liang dynasty)
Lan Qin (died 544), courtesy name Xiuming, was a military general of the Liang dynasty during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. He was one of the generals under Emperor Wu of Liang who participated in the expeditions during the widespread unrest in the Northern Wei. He was most known for his expedition of 535, during which he captured the Hanzhong region from the Western Wei and forced Yuwen Tai into suing for peace. His renown was equal to that of his peer, Chen Qingzhi, but he was poisoned in the end by a member of the imperial family who envied his position as the Inspector of Guang province.

Liang dynasty
The Liang dynasty (Chinese: 梁朝; pinyin: Liáng Cháo), alternatively known as the Southern Liang (Chinese: 南梁; pinyin: Nán Liáng) or Xiao Liang (Chinese: 蕭梁; pinyin: Xiāo Liáng) in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. It was preceded by the Southern Qi dynasty and succeeded by the Chen dynasty. The rump state of Western Liang existed until it was conquered in 587 AD by the Sui dynasty.
Venturi effect
The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a moving fluid speeds up as it is funneled from one section of a pipe to another, smaller section. As the fluid flows into a smaller area, the fluid's velocity increases, while the static pressure decreases.

The Venturi effect is named after its discoverer, the Italian Physicist Giovanni Battista Venturi, and was first published in 1797.

The effect has various applications in Engineering, Architecture, and everyday objects such as Atomizers that disperse perfume or spray paint and Wine aerators. The reduction in pressure inside the constriction can be used both for measuring the fluid flow and for moving other fluids (e.g. in a vacuum ejector).

Static pressure
In fluid mechanics the term static pressure refers to a term in Bernoulli's equation written as static pressure + dynamic pressure = total pressure. Since pressure measurements at any single point in a fluid always give the static pressure value, the 'static' is often dropped.
In the design and operation of aircraft, static pressure is the air pressure in the aircraft's static pressure system.
Trade (film)
Trade is a 2007 drama film directed by Marco Kreuzpaintner and starring Kevin Kline. It was produced by Roland Emmerich and Rosilyn Heller. The film premiered January 23, 2007, at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival and opened in limited release on September 28, 2007. It is based on Peter Landesman's article "The Girls Next Door" about sex slaves, which was featured as the cover story in the January 24, 2004, issue of The New York Times Magazine.

The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times. It features articles longer than those typically in the newspaper and has attracted many notable contributors. The magazine is noted for its photography, especially relating to fashion and style.