hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter A. Beachy House
The Peter A. Beachy House is a home at 238 Forest Avenue in Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was entirely remodeled by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1906. The house that stands today is almost entirely different from the site's original home, a Gothic cottage. The home is listed as a contributing property to the Frank Lloyd Wright-Prairie School of Architecture Historic District, which was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Frank Lloyd Wright–Prairie School of Architecture Historic District
The Frank Lloyd Wright/Prairie School of Architecture Historic District is located in the village of Oak Park in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The Frank Lloyd Wright Historic District is both a federally designated historic district listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and a local historic district within the village of Oak Park. The districts have differing boundaries and contributing properties, over 20 of which were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, widely regarded as the greatest American architect.
Negative split
A negative split is a racing strategy that involves completing the second half of a race faster than the first half. It is defined by the intentional setting of a slower initial pace, followed by a gradual or sudden increase of speed towards the end of the race. Alternate strategies include even splitting (racing at a steady pace) or sit and kick (also known as a sprint finish). Conversely, the act of completing the first half of a race faster than the second half is known as a positive split.

The strategy of negative splitting has been documented in competitive running since the early 20th century. Runners such as Steve Prefontaine, Wilson Kipsang, and Galen Rupp have used it in races.

Negative split strategies are also used in swimming (including Janet Evans's 1988 Olympic gold in the 400 m freestyle) cycling, triathlon and horse racing.

Racing
In sports, racing is a competition of speed, in which competitors try to complete a given task in the shortest amount of time. Typically this involves traversing some distance, but it can be any other task involving speed to reach a specific goal.

A race may be run continuously to finish or may be made up of several segments called heats, stages or legs. A heat is usually run over the same course at different times. A stage is a shorter section of a much longer course or a time trial.

Early records of races are evident on pottery from ancient Greece, which depicted running men vying for first place. A chariot race is described in Homer's Iliad.
Dave Toycen
David (Dave) Laverne Toycen, CM OOnt (born March 28, 1947) was president and chief executive officer of World Vision Canada who was involved with World Vision for over forty years.

He was made a member of the Order of Ontario in 2010. He is one of the 2016 inductees into Legends Row: Mississauga Walk of Fame.

Order of Ontario
The Order of Ontario (French: Ordre de l'Ontario) is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Ontario. Instituted in 1986 by Lieutenant Governor Lincoln Alexander, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier David Peterson, the civilian order is administered by the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Ontario residents for conspicuous achievements in any field.
Synthetic fuel
Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas.

Common ways for refining synthetic fuels include the Fischer–Tropsch conversion, methanol to gasoline conversion, or direct coal liquefaction.

Syngas
Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ratios.  The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane.   It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol. Syngas is combustible and can be used as a fuel. Historically, it has been used as a replacement for gasoline when gasoline supply has been limited; for example, wood gas was used to power cars in Europe during WWII (in Germany alone, half a million cars were built or rebuilt to run on wood gas).
Claud Hamilton of Shawfield
Sir Claud Hamilton of Shawfield, PC (Ire) (died 1614), also called of Leckprevick, a younger son of Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley in Scotland, was a gentleman of the privy chamber of King James VI and I, an undertaker in the Plantation of Ulster, and a privy counsellor in Ireland.

Privy chamber
A privy chamber was the private apartment of a royal residence in England.

The Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber were noble-born servants to the Crown who would wait and attend on the King in private, as well as during various court activities, functions and entertainments. In addition, six of these gentlemen were appointed by the Lord Chamberlain, together with a peer, and the Master of the Ceremonies, to publicly attend to all foreign ambassadors. Their institution was owed to King Henry VII. As a singular mark of favour, they were empowered to execute the King's verbal command without producing any written order; their person and character being deemed sufficient authority.

Below Gentlemen in the hierarchy of the Privy Chamber were the Grooms of the Privy Chamber.
Proxmap sort
ProxmapSort, or Proxmap sort, is a sorting algorithm that works by partitioning an array of data items, or keys, into a number of "subarrays" (termed buckets, in similar sorts). The name is short for computing a "proximity map," which indicates for each key K the beginning of a subarray where K will reside in the final sorted order. Keys are placed into each subarray using insertion sort. If keys are "well distributed" among the subarrays, sorting occurs in linear time. The computational complexity estimates involve the number of subarrays and the proximity mapping function, the "map key," used. It is a form of bucket and radix sort.

Once a ProxmapSort is complete, ProxmapSearch can be used to find keys in the sorted array in  time if the keys were well distributed during the sort.

Both algorithms were invented in the late 1980s by Prof. Thomas A. Standish at the University of California, Irvine.

Sorting algorithm
In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending. Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and merge algorithms) that require input data to be in sorted lists. Sorting is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output.

Formally, the output of any sorting algorithm must satisfy two conditions:

The output is in monotonic order (each element is no smaller/larger than the previous element, according to the required order).

The output is a permutation (a reordering, yet retaining all of the original elements) of the input.

Although some algorithms are designed for sequential access, the highest-performing algorithms assume data is stored in a data structure which allows random access.
Chin Liew Ten
Chin Liew Ten FAHA FASSA, also known as C. L. Ten, is an Australian philosopher. He is an emeritus Professor of Philosophy and former Head of the Philosophy Department at the National University of Singapore. Before that, he was Professor of Philosophy (Personal Chair) and Acting Head of the School of Philosophy, Linguistics, and Bioethics at Monash University, Australia.

Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian Government.
William Surtees
William Frederick Surtees (16 October 1871 – 23 March 1956) was an Anglican bishop.  He was the second suffragan Bishop of Crediton from 1930 to 1954.

Surtees was educated at Bedford School and King's College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1900, he began his ecclesiastical career with a curacy in Lythe. He was then rector of Sampford Courtenay, vicar of St Simon's, Plymouth and Archdeacon of Exeter before a 24-year stint as Suffragan Bishop of Crediton.  He died on 23 March 1956.

Bishop of Crediton
The Bishop of Crediton is an episcopal title which takes its name from the town of Crediton in Devon, England. Since 1897, it has been used by the Church of England as the title of a suffragan bishop who, along with the Bishop of Plymouth, assists the diocesan Bishop of Exeter in overseeing the Diocese of Exeter.

The title was originally used by the Anglo-Saxons in the 10th and 11th centuries for a diocese covering Devon and Cornwall.
MailChannels
MailChannels is a Canadian technology company that specializes in email security for businesses and internet service providers (ISPs). Founded in 2004 by Ken Simpson and headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, the company operates in email security and the infrastructure market. The business provides a products and services designed to safeguard email systems against spam, phishing, and other harmful content. They guarantee the dependable delivery of legitimate messages and offer a mail relay API for numerous websites.

Anti-spam techniques
Various anti-spam techniques are used to prevent email spam (unsolicited bulk email).

No technique is a complete solution to the spam problem, and each has trade-offs between incorrectly rejecting legitimate email (false positives) as opposed to not rejecting all spam email (false negatives) – and the associated costs in time, effort, and cost of wrongfully obstructing good mail. This leads to combinations of the many techniques in order to achieve the best protection against spam and the potential harms that may come with it, while keeping the emails that should be seen intact.

Anti-spam techniques can be broken into four broad categories: those that require actions by individuals (end-user techniques), those that can be automated by email administrators, those that can be automated by email senders and those employed by researchers and law enforcement officials. They are often used in conjunction with one another.
Krymbek Kusherbayev
Krymbek Eleuuly Kusherbayev (Kazakh: Қырымбек Елеуұлы Көшербаев, Qyrymbek Eleuūly Köşerbaev; born 20 May 1955) is a Kazakh politician who's serving as the State Secretary of Kazakhstan since 2019. Prior to that, Kusherbayev served as the head of the Presidential Administration, akim of Kyzylorda Region from 2013 to 2019, First Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 2012 to 2013, akim of Mangystau Region from 2006 to 2011, Ambassador of Kazakhstan to Russia, Finland and Armenia from 2003 to 2006, akim of West Kazakhstan Region from 2000 to 2003, and the Minister of Education and Science from 1997 to 2000.

First Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
The first deputy prime minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан Республикасы Премьер-Министрінің бірінші орынбасары, romanized: Qazaqstan Respublikasy Premer-Ministrınıñ bırınşı orynbasary;; Russian: Первый заместитель Премьер-Министра Республики Казахстан) is a member of the Government of Kazakhstan. Similar to the deputy prime minister, the first deputy is responsible for implementing policies established by the prime minister. However, the first deputy holds a higher-ranking position and assumes a more prominent role, particularly in the event that the prime minister is unable to perform their duties. The post is appointed by the president of Kazakhstan.
Lower Silesian dialect group
The Lower Silesian dialect group (Silesian: dolnoślōnsko gŏdka) is a dialect group of the Silesian language historically spoken in Lower Silesia and historically related regions, in southwestern Poland. It is difficult to establish if there are still speakers of this dialect group. A dialect of the region includes the Chwalim dialect.

This article normalizes to Ślabikŏrzowy szrajbōnek where possible, and sometimes examples are supplemented with IPA.

Silesian orthography
Silesian orthography consists of many systems for writing the Silesian language. The current de facto standard is the Ślabikŏrzowy szrajbōnek or ślabikŏrz for short, largely but not entirely displacing Steuerowy szrajbůnek ("Steuer's alphabet). These systems use variants of the Silesian alphabet, which derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics. The orthography is mostly phonetic, or rather phonemic—the written letters (or combinations of them) correspond in a consistent manner to  the phonemes of spoken Silesian.
Grobari
Grobari (Serbian Cyrillic: Гробари, lit. 'Undertakers'  or 'Gravediggers') is a collective name for supporters of the Serbian multi-sport club Partizan. They are one of the two major supporters' groups in Serbia and are considered one of the best and loudest groups in the world, setting a record in 2010 by reaching 113.8 decibels and winning the EuroLeague's "BKT Heartbeat Challenge" award for the loudest fans in the 2024–25 season.

The group traditionally maintains Orthodox brotherhood with Greek PAOK Gate 4 and Russian CSKA Moscow ultras, and friendly relations with Bulgarian CSKA Sofia Animals, Romanian CSA Steaua București Outlaws and Polish Widzew Łódź ultras. These are based on either shared religion, Slavic heritage, army club heritage or club colors.

JSD Partizan
Jugoslovensko sportsko društvo Partizan (Serbian Cyrillic: Југословенско спортско друштво Партизан, lit. 'Yugoslav Sports Society Partizan'), commonly abbreviated as JSD Partizan (Serbian Cyrillic: ЈСД Партизан), is a multi-sport club from Belgrade, Serbia. Founded on 4 October 1945, it is an umbrella organization featuring 32 clubs in 26 different sports. JSD Partizan's clubs have won 854 trophies, including 19 European trophies, 27 Regional trophies, 563 National Leagues, 224 National Cups, 13 National Super Cups and 8 Winter championships. JSD Partizan's athletes have won 76 Olympic medals, including 26 gold, 33 silver and 17 bronze medals.
Hynobius shinichisatoi
Hynobius shinichisatoi, the Sobo salamander, has only been found in streams in the Sobo, Katamuki and Okue Biosphere Reserve, Japan. It is black in colour.

It had previously been described as:

Pachypalaminus boulengeri Satō, 1954

Hynobius (Pachypalaminus) boulengeri partim Nakamura & Ueno, 1963

Hynobius boulengeri partim Nishikawa et al., 2001

Thus see also Hynobius boulengeri.

Odaigahara salamander
The Odaigahara salamander (Hynobius boulengeri) is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae. It is endemic to Japan. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, and freshwater springs. This species is threatened by habitat loss.
Sidarto Danusubroto
Sidarto Danusubroto (born 11 June 1936) is an Indonesian politician and a retired police officer, who is serving as a member of Indonesia's Presidential Advisory Board (Indonesian: Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden). A member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, he previously served as speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly, from 2013 until 2014, following the death of Taufiq Kiemas.

Taufiq Kiemas
Muhammad Taufiq Kiemas (31 December 1942 – 8 June 2013) was an Indonesian politician who served as the Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly of Indonesia from 2009 until his death in 2013. A member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), he was the husband of party chairwoman Megawati Sukarnoputri, president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. He remains Indonesia's only first gentleman.
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas
The Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas (ISCSP) (Institute of Social and Political Sciences) is part of the University of Lisbon (ULisboa). It was known in the early 20th century as the Colonial School, when it was run by the Geographical Society of Lisbon. In 2016, ISCSP celebrated 110 years of continuous operation. As a higher education institution, ISCSP aims to equip students with skills in the cultural, scientific and technical fields; conduct fundamental and applied research; provide community service; and promote exchanges in the social and political sciences.

University of Lisbon
The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; Portuguese: Universidade de Lisboa) is a public research university in Lisbon, and Portugal's largest university. It was founded in 1911, but the university's present structure dates to the 2013 merger of the former University of Lisbon (1911–2013) and the Technical University of Lisbon (1930–2013).
Reggie Workman
Reginald "Reggie" Workman (born June 26, 1937) is an American avant-garde jazz and hard bop double bassist, recognized for his work with both John Coltrane and Art Blakey, in addition to Alice Coltrane, Mal Waldron, Max Roach, Archie Shepp, Trio Three (with Oliver Lake and Andrew Cyrille), Trio Transition, the Reggie Workman Ensemble, and collaborative projects with dance, poetry and drama.

Max Roach
Maxwell Lemuel Roach (January 10, 1924 – August 16, 2007) was an American jazz drummer and composer. A pioneer of bebop, he worked in many other styles of music, and is generally considered one of the most important drummers in history. He worked with many famous jazz musicians, including Clifford Brown, Coleman Hawkins, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Thelonious Monk, Abbey Lincoln, Dinah Washington, Charles Mingus, Billy Eckstine, Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Eric Dolphy, Benny Carter, and Booker Little. He also played with his daughter Maxine Roach, a Grammy-nominated violist. He was inducted into the DownBeat Hall of Fame in 1980 and the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1992.

In the mid-1950s, Roach co-led a pioneering quintet along with trumpeter Clifford Brown. In 1970, Roach founded the percussion ensemble M'Boom.
İbrahim Şahin
İbrahim Şahin (born 20 August 1956) is a Turkish ultranationalist and co-conspirator in the murder of the Armenian journalist Hrant Dink.   He led General Directorate of Security's special forces unit, the Special Operations Department (Turkish: Özel Harekat Dairesi) and, following dismissal in 1996 for associating with ultra-nationalist drug trafficker and contract killer Abdullah Çatlı, was tarnished by complicity in the wide-ranging government conspiracy which became known as the Susurluk scandal. The event, which began with the November 1996 car crash which killed Çatlı and other prominent individuals, resulted in Şahin's arrest and subsequent acquittal.  His career, however, was effectively ended, and there were additional weapons-related charges in 1999, with a six-year prison term imposed in 2001.  In 2008 he suffered a memory-impairing traffic accident and, in 2009, was among 37 highly placed officials named in the government investigation of deep state organization Ergenekon.

Susurluk car crash
The Susurluk car crash was a car crash that took place on 3 November 1996 in the small town of Susurluk, in Turkey's Balıkesir Province. It resulted in the deaths of three of the passengers: Abdullah Çatlı, a former ultra-rightist militant wanted by police for multiple murders and drug trafficking; Huseyin Kocadağ, a senior police official; and beauty queen and Çatlı's girlfriend Gonca Us. Sedat Bucak, an MP, suffered a broken leg and fractured skull but survived the accident. The Susurluk crash was a key event in the unravelling of the deep state in Turkey. The peculiar associations of the crash victims and their links with Interior Minister Mehmet Ağar led to a number of investigations, including a parliamentary investigation, of what became known as the Susurluk scandal.
Stable vector bundle
In mathematics, a stable vector bundle is a (holomorphic or algebraic) vector bundle that is stable in the sense of geometric invariant theory. Any holomorphic vector bundle may be built from stable ones using Harder–Narasimhan filtration. Stable bundles were defined by David Mumford in Mumford (1963) and later built upon by David Gieseker, Fedor Bogomolov, Thomas Bridgeland and many others.

Coherent sheaf
In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, coherent sheaves are a class of sheaves closely linked to the geometric properties of the underlying space. The definition of coherent sheaves is made with reference to a sheaf of rings that codifies this geometric information.

Coherent sheaves can be seen as a generalization of vector bundles. Unlike vector bundles, they form an abelian category, and so they are closed under operations such as taking kernels, images, and cokernels. The  quasi-coherent sheaves are a generalization of coherent sheaves and include the locally free sheaves of infinite rank.

Coherent sheaf cohomology is a powerful technique, in particular for studying the sections of a given coherent sheaf.
Erling Sande
Erling Sande (born 8 November 1978 in Bremanger Municipality) is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. He represents Sogn og Fjordane in the Norwegian Parliament, where he deputised for Liv Signe Navarsete, who served in government between 2005 and 2013. He was elected as a regular representative following the 2021 election. Sande also served as minister of local government from 2023 to 2025.

Liv Signe Navarsete
Liv Signe Navarsete (born 23 October 1958 in Sogndal Municipality) is a Norwegian politician from the Centre Party. She has served as county governor of Vestland county since 2022. She previously served as Minister of Local Government from 2009 to 2013, Minister of Transport from 2005 to 2009 and party leader from 2008 to 2014. On 11 February 2014, she announced that she would retire as the leader of the party in April. She was succeeded by Trygve Slagsvold Vedum.

She was also political advisor to the Minister of Health and Social Affairs (social affairs) from 1999 to 2000. Navarsete was appointed as leader of the Centre Party in September 2008, having until then been the deputy leader.
Craigendoran railway station
Craigendoran railway station (Scottish Gaelic: Creag an Dòbhrain) is a railway station serving Craigendoran, east of Helensburgh, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail, which operates all services at the station. It is located on the North Clyde Line between Helensburgh Central and Cardross, 23 miles 18 chains (37.4 km) west of Glasgow Queen Street (High Level), measured via Singer and Maryhill. West Highland Line trains used to call here but no longer do following the closure of the upper platforms.

Helensburgh Central railway station
Helensburgh Central railway station (Scottish Gaelic: Baile Eilidh Meadhain) serves the town of Helensburgh on the north shore of the Firth of Clyde, near Glasgow, Scotland. The station is a terminus on the North Clyde Line, sited 24 miles 31 chains (39.2 km) from Glasgow Queen Street (High Level), measured via Singer and Maryhill. Passenger services are operated by ScotRail on behalf of Strathclyde Partnership for Transport.

The station is Helensburgh's main railway station, the other being the much smaller Helensburgh Upper on the West Highland Line, which provides services to Oban, Fort William and Mallaig.
Pierre Mignard
Pierre Mignard or Pierre Mignard I (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ miɲaʁ]; 17 November 1612 – 30 May 1695), called "Mignard le Romain" to distinguish him from his brother Nicolas Mignard, was a French painter known for his religious and mythological scenes and portraits. He was a near-contemporary of the Premier Peintre du Roi Charles Le Brun with whom he engaged in a bitter, life-long  rivalry.

Charles Le Brun
Charles Le Brun (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl lə bʁœ̃]; baptised 24 February 1619 – 12 February 1690) was a French painter, physiognomist, art theorist, and a director of several art schools of his time. He served as a court painter to Louis XIV, who declared him "the greatest French artist of all time". Le Brun was a dominant figure in 17th-century French art and was influenced by Nicolas Poussin.