hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Execution of Mohammad Mehdi Karami
Mohammad Mehdi Karami (Persian: محمدمهدی کرمی; c. 1 November 2001 – 7 January 2023) was a 21-year-old Iranian-Kurdish man who was executed by the Islamic Republic of Iran for his involvement in the Mahsa Amini protests. He was convicted of Fisad-e-filarz (an Arabic term translating to "corruption on Earth") for allegedly being involved in the killing of a Basij militiaman during protests in Karaj commemorating the 40-day anniversary of Hadis Najafi's death. Karami was executed alongside 39-year-old volunteer children's coach Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini, another man who was also convicted of Fisad-e-filarz for his alleged involvement in the same killing. Both Karami and Hosseini asserted their innocence, and human rights organizations have accused Iranian authorities of using "shoddy evidence" to convict them.

Execution of Mohsen Shekari
Mohsen Shekari (Persian: محسن شکاری; 24 February 2000 – 8 December 2022) was a 22-year-old Iranian man who was executed by the state of Iran after being convicted of injuring a member of Iran's Basij militia and being accused of Moharebeh, an Arabic word translating to "waging war against God".

Shekari's death was the first known state-sanctioned execution to have occurred as a direct result of the 2022 Mahsa Amini protests. His execution drew immediate condemnation from human rights organizations who expressed concerns that Shekari's execution, as well as the subsequent execution of Majidreza Rahnavard four days later, would catalyze a rash of state executions of protesters.
Dorset House, Oxfordshire
Dorset House was a large house in Headington, Oxford, in Oxfordshire, England.

This villa, known in its later years as Dorset House, was built in 1878 on the south side of London Road, Oxford. It had several names during its lifetime:

1878–1899: Ellerslie

1899–1920: Hillstow

1920–1961: Hillstow Annexe, Headington School

1961–2004: Dorset House, School of Occupational Therapy (named after Dorset House, Bristol, where the School of Occupational Therapy had been originally established)

Catherine Caughey (1923–2008), who worked on codebreaking at Bletchley Park during World War II, subsequently trained as an occupational therapist at Dorset House.

The house was acquired by Quintain property developers in 2006 and demolished in 2009. Quintain sold the site to Berkeley Homes in September 2010 for £5m. The site was developed as student housing for Oxford Brookes University students during 2011–12. and is managed by Unite, still under the name of Dorset House.

Headington
Headington is an eastern suburb of Oxford, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. It is at the top of Headington Hill overlooking the city in the Thames valley below, and bordering Marston to the north-west, Cowley to the south, and Barton and Risinghurst to the east. The life of the large residential area is centred upon London Road, the main road between London and Oxford.
Football at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's European Qualifiers – Group 4
The 1968 Summer Olympics football qualification – Europe Group 4 was one of the four European groups in the Summer Olympics football qualification tournament to decide which teams would qualify for the 1968 Summer Olympics football finals tournament in Mexico. Group 4 consisted of five teams: Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Spain and West Germany. The teams played home-and-away knockout matches. Spain qualified for the Summer Olympics football finals after defeating Great Britain 1–0 on aggregate in the final round.

Football at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The 1968 Olympic football tournament was played as part of the 1968 Summer Olympics. The tournament features 16 men's national teams from five continental confederations. The 16 teams are drawn into four groups of four and each group plays a round-robin tournament. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the gold medal match at the Azteca Stadium on 26 October 1968. This was the first time an Asian team won a medal, Japan claiming bronze.
Fort Cass
Fort Cass, named for U.S. Secretary of War Lewis Cass (1782–1866), was a fort located on the site of the U.S. federal agency to the Cherokee Nation (present-day Charleston, Tennessee). Established in 1835, the fort served as the U.S. Army headquarters for Cherokee removal (also known as the Trail of Tears) from their ancestral homelands in the Southeast to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). It housed a garrison of U.S. troops who watched over the largest concentration of internment camps where Cherokee were kept during the summer of 1838 before starting the main trek west to Indian Territory, and served as one of three emigration depots where the Cherokee began their journey west, the others of which were located at Ross's Landing in Chattanooga and Gunter's Landing near Guntersville, Alabama. The fort was abandoned in 1838.

Ross's Landing
Ross's Landing in Chattanooga, Tennessee, is the last site of the Cherokee's 61-year occupation of Chattanooga and is considered to be the embarkation point of the Cherokee removal on the Trail of Tears.  Ross's Landing Riverfront Park memorializes the location, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Leon Dănăilă
Leon Dănăilă  (born 1 July 1933) is a Romanian neurosurgeon and author.  He is a prolific author and also a senator.
Dănăilă was born in Darabani, in Botoșani County, Romania. He is a graduate of the Faculty of General Medicine of Iași, as well as the Faculty of Psychology and Philosophy of Bucharest. He was elected a titular member of the Romanian Academy in 2004. At the 2016 parliamentary election, he won a seat in the Romanian Senate for Bucharest representing the National Liberal Party.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Manfred Mölgg
Manfred Mölgg (born 3 June 1982) is an Italian former World Cup alpine ski racer. He specialized in the technical events of slalom and giant slalom.

Mölgg's younger sister Manuela is also a former alpine racer with ten World Cup podiums.

Giant slalom
Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding competitive discipline. It involves racing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom, but less than in Super-G.

Giant slalom and slalom make up the technical events in alpine ski racing. This category separates them from the speed events of Super-G and downhill.  The technical events are normally composed of two runs, held on different courses on the same ski run.
Magenta Marshall
Magenta Rose Marshall (born 14 December 1994) is an Australian politician who has served as the member for Rockingham in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly since 2023. A member of the Labor Party, she was elected at a by-election to succeed former Premier Mark McGowan, who had retired from politics.

Western Australian Labor Party
The Western Australian Labor Party, officially known as WA Labor, is the Western Australian branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is the current governing party of Western Australia since winning the 2017 state election under Mark McGowan.
2016 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
The 2016 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira was the 38th edition of the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. It took place on 7 August 2016, and it featured the champions of the 2015–16 Primeira Liga, Benfica, and the winners of the 2015–16 Taça de Portugal, Braga.

2015–16 Primeira Liga
The 2015–16 Primeira Liga (also known as Liga NOS for sponsorship reasons) was the 82nd season of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. The fixtures were determined by draw on 4 July 2015. The season began on 14 August 2015 and concluded on 15 May 2016.

Benfica won their third consecutive and 35th overall title, after beating Nacional 4–1 in their last match. They finished the league with a record 88 points in 34 matches (from 29 wins and one draw), two points more than runners-up Sporting CP.

Tondela and União da Madeira entered the season as the two promoted teams from the 2014–15 Segunda Liga. On the last matchday, both teams were at risk of returning to the second division, but the combination of their results dictated União da Madeira's relegation alongside Académica.
Tommy Westphall
Tommy Westphall, portrayed by Chad Allen, is a minor character from the drama television series St. Elsewhere, which ran on NBC from 1982 to 1988.

Westphall, who is autistic, played an increased role in St. Elsewhere's final episode, "The Last One", one interpretation of which is that the entire St. Elsewhere storyline exists only within Westphall's imagination. As characters from St. Elsewhere have appeared on other television shows and those shows' characters appeared on more shows, and so on, a "Tommy Westphall Universe" hypothesis (postulated by Dwayne McDuffie) argues that a significant amount of fictional episodic television exists within a fictional universe imagined by Tommy Westphall.

Crossover (fiction)
A crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters, settings, or universes into the context of a single story. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright holders (known as intercompany crossovers), common corporate ownership or unofficial efforts by fans.

This is different from a spoof, where one discrete character, setting, or universe, copies another character, setting, or universe, often in a comedic manner.
Ann Marie DeAngelo
Ann Marie DeAngelo is an American choreographer, director, producer, teacher, consultant and former dancer. She was a leading ballerina with the Joffrey Ballet, where early on she was pegged by Time magazine as "one of America's most outstanding ballerinas" and where she later served as associate director at the time of the company's move to Chicago in 1995.

DeAngelo was the founding artistic director of Ballet de Monterrey, and served as artistic director of Ballet Omaha during the 1990s. She founded her own experimental troupe in the late 1980s called Ballet D'Angelo, creating several full-evening productions that toured extensively in Europe.

She is currently the director of DeAngelo Productions, an umbrella company for creating and producing dance-related projects. She continues to work internationally as a director, choreographer, and teacher.

Joffrey Ballet
The Joffrey Ballet is an American dance company and training institution in Chicago, Illinois. The Joffrey regularly performs classical and contemporary ballets during its annual performance season at the Civic Opera House, including its annual presentation of The Nutcracker.

Founded in 1956 by dance pioneers Robert Joffrey and Gerald Arpino, the company has earned a reputation for boundary-breaking performances, including its 1987 presentation of Vaslav Nijinsky's The Rite of Spring, which reconstructed the original choreography from the 1913 premiere that was thought to be lost. Many choreographers have worked with the Joffrey, including Paul Taylor, Twyla Tharp, and George Balanchine.
HMS Tribune (1918)
HMS Tribune was an S-class destroyer that served with the Royal Navy during the Russian Civil War. Launched in 1918, the vessel entered service with the Aegean Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet. Tribune saw no action during the First World War but was involved in supporting the evacuation of refugees from the Russian Civil War, particularly from Crimea in 1920 and 1921. The ship also visited Constantinople in 1920 and 1922 during the Turkish War of Independence. In 1923, the destroyer was transferred to the Atlantic Fleet. In 1929, the ship took part in simulated amphibious warfare with the Territorial Army. In 1930, the signing of the London Naval Treaty required the Royal Navy to retire older destroyers before acquiring new ones. Tribune was one of those chosen for retirement and, in 1931, the destroyer was sold to be broken up.

S-class destroyer (1917)
The S class (initially known as the Modified Trenchant class) was a class of 67 destroyers ordered for the Royal Navy in 1917 under the 11th and 12th Emergency War Programmes. They saw active service in the last months of the First World War and in the Russian and Irish Civil Wars during the early 1920s.  Most were relegated to the reserve by the mid-1920s and subsequently scrapped under the terms of the London Naval Treaty. Eleven survivors saw much action during the Second World War.
1912 Chinese provisional presidential election
The 1912 Chinese provisional presidential election were the elections held on 15 February and 20 February 1912 in Nanjing for the second provisional President and Vice President of China.

After the Wuchang Uprising on 10 October 1911, Yuan Shikai, the powerful military officer was reappointed to lead the Beiyang Army by the Qing court. Yuan realized that Manchu's days were numbered and decided to establish a government himself. He attacked the revolutionaries to show his power, however left the negotiations open. After the revolutionaries promised him the presidency, he pressed the Qing court to abdicate. On 12 February 1912, the court authorized Yuan to organize a provisional republican government. Three days later, the incumbent provisional president Sun Yat-sen resigned and urged the National Assembly to elect Yuan.

Yuan Shikai and Li Yuan-hung were elected as president and vice-president respectively. Yuan sworn in on 10 March 1912 and moved to government to Beijing.

President of the Republic of China
The president of the Republic of China, also known as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Before 1949 the position had the authority of ruling over mainland China, but losing control of it after communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, the remaining jurisdictions of the ROC have been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.

Originally elected by the National Assembly, the presidency was intended to be a ceremonial office with no real executive power because the ROC was originally envisioned as a parliamentary republic. Since the 1996 election however, the president has been directly elected by plurality voting to a four-year term, with incumbents limited to serving two terms. The current president is Lai Ching-te of the Democratic Progressive Party, preceded by Tsai Ing-wen from the same party.
Commuter Airlines
Commuter Airlines was a US regional commuter airline that operated from 1964 to 1984, based for many years at Greater Binghamton Airport, Broome County, New York, and later at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. Beginning life as Broome County Aviation, the operation included local air taxi, manufacturing (& subsequently operating) modified Beech 18s, and scheduled services with 19- and 50-seat airliners to Washington D.C., and all three main airports in the New York Metropolitan area. In 1982 it was re-branded as Freedom Airlines, but following the death of the founder (Jerry Winston) in 1984, the airline ceased operations.

Greater Binghamton Airport
Greater Binghamton Airport (IATA: BGM, ICAO: KBGM, FAA LID: BGM) is a county-owned American airport eight miles north of Binghamton, in Broome County, New York. It is in east Maine, New York and serves the Southern Tier of New York.

The airport was named Broome County Airport through the 1970s.  It was renamed Edwin A. Link Field-Broome County Airport to honor the inventor of the aircraft instrument simulator, the Link Trainer, a name it kept until the 1990s when it was again renamed as Binghamton Regional Airport. The name Greater Binghamton Airport was chosen in 2003. The field is still named in Link's honor.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport (more than 10,000 enplanements per year). Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 108,325 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 98,090 in 2009 and 108,988 in 2010.
Amfecloral
Amfecloral (INN) or amphecloral (USAN) is a combination drug containing a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and anorectic drug, dextroamphetamine, as well as a CNS depressant and sedative-hypnotic, chloral hydrate.

Widely used for its anorectic properties, amfecloral was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as an anti-obesity drug and marketed and distributed under the brand name Acutran. Upon 1962 passage of the Kefauver-Harris Amendment, pressure grew to withdraw the product from the market, and in 1973, production ceased for Acutran and its generic formulation, concurrent with similar combination anorectics, Desbutal (methamphetamine-pentobarbital) and Obetrol (methamphetamine-dextroamphetamine).

Obetrol
Obetrol was the brand name of a drug combining several amphetamine salts indicated for the treatment of exogenous obesity. It was originally sold by the American company Obetrol Pharmaceuticals. Obetrol was a popular diet pill in America in the 1950s and 1960s.

The original formulation of amphetamine mixed salts and methamphetamine was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on January 19, 1960, under the name Obetrol.  Indicated for exogenous obesity, between 1965 and 1973, Obetrol was marketed in 10 mg and 20 mg strength through Obetrol Pharmaceuticals division of the American pharmaceutical company Rexar. When sold directly to physicians, Obetrol used the brand name Oby-Rex.
Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility assay
The Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility assay (MODS) is a culture method shown to be more sensitive, faster and cheaper test than current culture-based tests for Tuberculosis. The Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility assay (MODS) involves direct observation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and simultaneously yields drug-resistance.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, and as a result, M. tuberculosis can appear weakly Gram-positive.  Acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used instead to identify M. tuberculosis with a microscope. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction.

The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998.
Martin Gritton
Martin Francis Gritton (born 1 June 1978) is a Scottish former professional footballer and sports co-commentator primarily for BBC Radio Devon.

As a player he was a striker from 1998 to 2012. He previously played for Plymouth Argyle, Shelbourne, Torquay United, Grimsby Town, Lincoln City, Mansfield Town, Macclesfield Town, Chesterfield, Chester, Yeovil Town, Stockport County and Truro City

Chester F.C.
Chester Football Club is an association football club based in Chester, England. They are currently members of the National League North, the sixth tier of English football, and play at the Deva Stadium.

The club was reformed in 2010 following the liquidation of Chester City. In its inaugural season it competed in Division One North of the Northern Premier League, following a successful appeal to the Football Association against its initial placement in the North West Counties League. After winning this division, it then won the Northern League Premier Division in 2011–12 and the Conference North in 2012–13. Chester returned to the National League North following relegation in 2017–18.
Southern Military District (Milo S)
Southern Military District (Swedish: Södra militärområdet, Milo S), originally I Military District (Swedish: I. militärområdet) was a Swedish military district, a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Southern Sweden, for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of Malmöhus, Kristianstad (now joined as Skåne County), Blekinge, Kronoberg, Jönköping and Kalmar. The headquarters of Milo S were located in Kristianstad.

Kristianstad County
Kristianstad County (Swedish: Kristianstads län) was a county of Sweden from 1719 to 31 December 1996 when it was merged with Malmöhus County to form Skåne County.

The seat of residence for the Governor was in Kristianstad.
Helicobacter pametensis
Helicobacter pametensis is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order. It was first isolated from bird and swine faeces. Its cells are motile and possess one subterminal sheathed flagellum at each end.

Campylobacterales
The Campylobacterales are an order of Campylobacterota which make up the epsilon subdivision, together with the small family Nautiliaceae. They are Gram-negative. Most of the species are microaerophilic.
Joe Levelis
Joseph J. Levelis (born January 6, 1961) is an American former football offensive tackle in the United States Football League (USFL) for the Oklahoma and Arizona Outlaws. He played college football at the University of Iowa.

Arizona Outlaws
The Arizona Outlaws were a professional American football team that played in the United States Football League in the mid-1980s. They were owned by Fresno banker and real estate magnate William Tatham Sr., who had briefly owned the Portland Thunder (WFL) of the World Football League.

During their first season, the team played as the Oklahoma Outlaws. They became the Arizona Outlaws for their second season.
2022 Women's Hockey Asia Cup
The 2022 Women's Hockey Asia Cup was the 10th edition of the Women's Hockey Asia Cup, the quadrennial international women's field hockey championship of Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. It was held from 21 to 28 January 2022 at the Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex in Muscat, Oman.

The tournament was originally scheduled to be held in Bangkok, Thailand but on 29 December 2021 the tournament was moved to Muscat, Oman.

India were the defending champions. Japan won their third title after a final win over South Korea.

The top four teams qualified for the 2022 Women's FIH Hockey World Cup.

2022 Women's FIH Hockey World Cup
The 2022 Women's FIH Hockey World Cup was the 15th edition of the Women's FIH Hockey World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for women's national field hockey teams organized by the International Hockey Federation. It was held from 1 to 17 July 2022 at the Estadi Olímpic de Terrassa in Terrassa, Spain and at the Wagener Stadium in Amstelveen, the Netherlands.

Defending champions the Netherlands won the tournament for a record ninth time after defeating Argentina 3–1 in the final. Australia won the third place match by defeating Germany 2–1.