hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1865 Iowa Senate election
In the 1865 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the eleventh Iowa General Assembly. Following the expansion of the Iowa Senate from 46 to 48 seats in 1865, elections were held for 23 of the state senate's 48 seats. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.

The general election took place in 1865.

Following the previous election in 1863, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 41 seats to Democrats' five seats.

To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 20 Senate seats.

Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 42 seats and Democrats having six seats (a net gain of 1 seat each for Republicans and Democrats).

Iowa Democratic Party
The Iowa Democratic Party (IDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Iowa.

The party organizes the Democratic Iowa presidential caucuses. In recent years, the party has lost ground in the state, holding no congressional seats from Iowa, superminorities in both houses of the state legislature, and only one out of seven statewide elected officials.
Emigre (magazine)
Emigre was a quarterly magazine published from 1984 until 2005 in Berkeley, California, dedicated to visual communication, graphic design, typography, and design criticism.

Produced, edited, and designed by Rudy VanderLans and typeset by Zuzana Licko using a Macintosh computer, Emigre pioneered desktop publishing and set the standard for the first digitally designed layouts and typeface designs. At the time, its use of experimentation and disregard for conventions followed by then-prevalent modernist designers made Emigre both a controversial and a highly influential voice in graphic design.

Exposure to Licko's typefaces through the magazine lead to the creation of Emigre Fonts in 1985.

Print (magazine)
Print is an American design and culture website that began as Print, A Quarterly Journal of the Graphic Arts, in 1940, and continued publishing a physical edition through the end of 2017 as Print.

As a printed publication, Print was a general-interest magazine, written by cultural reporters and critics who looked at design in its social, political, and historical contexts, from newspapers and book covers to Web-based motion graphics, from corporate branding to indie-rock posters. During its run, Print won five National Magazine Awards and a number of Folio: Eddies, including Best Full Issue in its final year. Print ceased publication in 2017, with a promise to focus the brand on "a robust and thriving online community." Its publisher, F+W Media, declared bankruptcy in 2019, and a group of independent partners subsequently purchased PRINT from the company that arose out of F+W, Peak Media Properties.
ICW I Ain't Yer Pal, Dickface!
ICW I Ain't Yer Pal, Dickface! was a professional wrestling event produced by Insane Championship Wrestling. It took place on June, 16 2019, at The Garage in Glasgow, Scotland. The event featured wrestlers like Kez Evans, BT Gunn, Andy Wild, Jonny Storm, Jack Tomlinson, Joe Hendry and a double championship match between ICW World Heavyweight Champion Lionheart and Union of European Wrestling Alliances European Heavyweight Champion Alexander Dean.

The event is best known for hosting the final professional wrestling match of Adrian "Lionheart" McAllum, who died by suicide three days later.

Insane Championship Wrestling
Insane Championship Wrestling (ICW) is a professional wrestling promotion based in Glasgow, Scotland, founded by Mark Dallas in 2006. It mixes elements of traditional sports entertainment with hardcore wrestling; thus admittance is restricted to those under 18 years old.

The company began expanding across the UK, and was featured in a Vice Magazine documentary in 2012 and BBC documentary in 2014. It was named UK Promotion of the Year by Fighting Spirit Magazine in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2018.

ICW formerly aired on cable television station MyChannel across Europe. ICW records and releases the majority of their shows on limited edition DVD as well as producing series of their own YouTube show, ICW Worldwide. In 2015, ICW launched their On Demand service (ICW On Demand), which has become the company's primary source of distribution of content.

On August 13, 2020, it was announced that ICW content would be available on WWE's video on-demand service, WWE Network.
Luxembourg at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Luxembourg sent a delegation to compete at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7–23 February 2014.  This was Luxembourg's eighth appearance at a Winter Olympic Games. The Luxembourgian team consisted of one athlete in cross-country skiing, Kari Peters.  In the only event he contested, the men's sprint, he finished in 79th place. He withdrew from the 15 km classical due to illness.

Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 15 kilometre classical
The men's 15 kilometre classical cross-country skiing competition at the 2014 Sochi Olympics took place on 14 February at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex. Dario Cologna from Switzerland was the defending champion from Vancouver and was successful in defending the title. Johan Olsson and Daniel Rickardsson from Sweden took silver and bronze.
Aspidogastrea
The Aspidogastrea (Ancient Greek: ἀσπίς aspis “shield”, γαστήρ gaster “stomach/pouch”) is a small group of flukes comprising about 80 species. It is a subclass of the trematoda, and sister group to the Digenea. Species range in length from approximately one millimeter to several centimeters. They are parasites of freshwater and marine molluscs and vertebrates (cartilaginous and bony fishes and turtles). Maturation may occur in the mollusc or vertebrate host. None of the species has any economic importance, but the group is of very great interest to biologists because it has several characters which appear to be archaic.

Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes (/kɒnˈdrɪkθiiːz/; from Ancient Greek  χόνδρος (khóndros) 'cartilage' and  ἰχθύς (ikhthús) 'fish') is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or bony fish, which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are aquatic vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, placoid scales, conus arteriosus in the heart, and a lack of opercula and swim bladders. Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates.

The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates and sawfish) and Holocephali (chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class).  Extant chondrichthyans range in size from the 10 cm (3.9 in) finless sleeper ray to the over 10 m (33 ft) whale shark.
Kadota Shell Mound
The Kadota Shell Mound (門田貝塚, Kadota kaizuka) is an archaeological site in the Oku neighborhood of the city of Setouchi, Okayama Prefecture, in the San'yō region of western Japan. It contains a shell midden and the traces of a prehistoric settlement, and was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1985.

Midden
A midden is an old dump for domestic waste. It may consist of animal bones, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, potsherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and biofacts associated with past human occupation.

These features provide a useful resource for archaeologists to study the diets and habits of past societies. Middens with damp, anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile. Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss. During the course of deposition, sediment is deposited as well. Different mechanisms, from wind and water to animal digs, create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information. In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed.
Agustín Argüello
Agustín Alejandro Argüello, (Córdoba, Argentina; born 7 November 1989), commonly known as Agustín Argüello, is an Argentine actor and singer. He became known in the Argentine reality show Operación Triunfo 2009 and, in Mexico, La Academia 2009 and Segunda Opportunidad, a program that crowned him the winner. After finishing the program, he joined the youth musical group Tobby, which dissolved at the end of 2012 and began his career as a soloist and Musical Theater actor, where his participation in musicals such as The Lion King (in Mexico and Spain) stood out. Los Miserables y Ghost: El Musical, where he received his first nomination for Best Male Performance in a Musical.

Ghost (musical)
Ghost is a musical with book and lyrics by Bruce Joel Rubin and music and lyrics by Dave Stewart and Glen Ballard. Based on the hit 1990 romantic fantasy thriller film of the same name, it centres on lovers Sam and Molly, who are attacked as they are returning to their apartment. When Sam dies he becomes caught between the real world and the next. Molly is in danger and Sam cannot leave her. A medium, Oda Mae Brown, helps Sam to get in touch with Molly to warn her.

The musical had its world premiere at the Manchester Opera House in Manchester in March 2011. Ghost then began its West End premiere in summer 2011, opening on 19 July. A Broadway transfer opened in April 2012. It toured the UK in 2013, after the London production closed in October 2012.
Patrick Boyle (footballer)
Patrick Joseph Gerard Boyle (born 20 March 1987) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a left-back. He is player/assistant manager at Gartcairn in the West of Scotland football league after rejecting a new contract at Dumbarton.

Boyle represented Scotland at under-19 level and has previously played for Everton, Norwich City, Crewe Alexandra, Dumbarton, Partick Thistle Clyde, Dunfermline Athletic, Gateshead, Airdrieonians, Ayr United, Peterhead and Kelty Hearts.

Ayr United F.C.
Ayr United Football Club are a football club in Ayr, Scotland, who play in the Scottish Championship, the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League. Formed in 1910 by the merger of Ayr Parkhouse and Ayr F.C., their nickname is The Honest Men, from a line in the Robert Burns poem "Tam o' Shanter". They play at Somerset Park.

The club is currently managed by Scott Brown. The club have spent 34 seasons in Scotland's top division, the last being 1977–78, and have been the champions of the second tier of Scottish football on six occasions, and of the third tier on three occasions. The club's most successful manager, Ally MacLeod, went on to manage the Scotland national team. In 2018, Ayr United secured promotion to the Scottish Championship as champions of League One.
Alex Kotlowitz
Alex Kotlowitz (born March 31, 1955) is an American journalist, author, and filmmaker.  His 1991 book There Are No Children Here was a national bestseller and received the Christopher Award and Helen Bernstein Award. He is a two-time recipient of both the Peabody Award and the Dupont Award for journalism. He co-produced the 2011 documentary The Interrupters, based on his New York Times Magazine article, which received an Independent Spirit Award and Emmy Award.

The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times. It features articles longer than those typically in the newspaper and has attracted many notable contributors. The magazine is noted for its photography, especially relating to fashion and style.
Madagascar subhumid forests
The Madagascar subhumid forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion that covers most of the Central Highlands of the island of Madagascar. They are included in the WWF's Global 200 list of outstanding ecoregions. Most of the original habitats have been lost due to human pressure.

Madagascar dry deciduous forests
The Madagascar dry deciduous forests represent a tropical dry forest ecoregion situated in the western and northern part of Madagascar. The area has high numbers of endemic plant and animal species but has suffered large-scale clearance for agriculture. They are among the world's richest and most distinctive dry forests and included in the Global 200 ecoregions by the World Wide Fund. The area is also home to distinctive limestone karst formations known as tsingy, including the World Heritage Site of Bemaraha.
Mark Sander
Mark Leonard Sander (born March 21, 1968) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker or the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL) in 1992. He played college football for the Louisville Cardinals and holds the program record for career tackles. He played 12 games for the Dolphins, including two starts.

Louisville Cardinals football
The Louisville Cardinals football team represents the University of Louisville in the sport of American football. The Cardinals compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference.
Basileus
Basileus (Ancient Greek: βασιλεύς) is a Greek term and title that has signified various types of monarchs throughout history. In the English-speaking world, it is perhaps most widely understood to mean 'monarch', referring to either a 'king' or an 'emperor'. The title was used by sovereigns and other persons of authority in ancient Greece (especially during the Hellenistic period), the Byzantine emperors, and the kings of modern Greece. The name Basileios (Basil), deriving from the term basileus, is a common given name in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Syriac Orthodox Church for the Maphrian.

The feminine forms are basileia (βασίλεια), basilissa (βασίλισσα), basillis (βασιλίς), or the archaic basilinna (βασιλίννα), meaning 'queen' or 'empress'. The related term basileia (βασιλεία) has meanings such as 'sovereignty', 'royalty', 'kingdom', 'reign', 'dominion' and 'authority'.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
Sentry Insurance
Sentry Insurance is a mutual insurance company specializing in business insurance. The company’s home office is in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, where about half the company’s approximately 4,500 employees are located.  Sentry offers property and casualty insurance, workers' compensation, life insurance, and other business insurance, as well as non-insurance products like annuities and retirement programs. Sentry provides specialized insurance programs to customers in specific industries as well as very large companies with complex risk.

Sentry is one of the nation’s largest mutual insurance companies. As of December 31, 2021, the company has assets of more than $23.9 billion and a policyholder surplus of over $8 billion. Sentry was rated A+ by A.M. Best, the insurance industry’s leading rating authority, as of 2015. In 2024, Sentry Insurance was ranked 643 on the Fortune 1000 list of companies.

AM Best
A.M. Best Company, Inc. is an American credit rating agency headquartered in Oldwick, New Jersey, that focuses  on the insurance industry. Both the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners have designated the company as a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (NRSRO) in the United States.
Roderick Urwick Sayce
Roderick Urwick Sayce FRGS FRAI FMA (1890 – 1970) was a social anthropologist and geographer who was President of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, Vice-President of the Powysland Club and Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, Royal Anthropological Institute and Museums Association.

Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI) is a long-established anthropological organisation, and Learned Society, with a global membership. Its remit includes all the component fields of anthropology, such as biological anthropology, evolutionary anthropology, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, visual anthropology and medical anthropology, as well as sub-specialisms within these, and interests shared with neighbouring disciplines such as human genetics, archaeology and linguistics. It seeks to combine a tradition of scholarship with services to anthropologists, including students.

The RAI promotes the public understanding of anthropology, as well as the contribution anthropology can make to public affairs and social issues. It includes within its constituency not only academic anthropologists, but also those with a general interest in the subject, and those trained in anthropology who work in other fields.
Jackson Martínez
Jackson Arley Martínez Valencia (locally [ˈɟʝaksom maɾˈtines]; born 3 October 1986) is a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He started his career with Independiente Medellin in 2004 and becoming the league's top scorer in 2009, before being signed by Chiapas in January 2010. He spent three years with the Mexican side before moving to Portugal to play for Porto, where he was the Primeira Liga's top scorer in all three of his seasons with the club. In July 2015, Martínez joined Atlético Madrid for €35 million, and six months later Guangzhou Evergrande of China for €42 million. He  suffered an ankle injury in late 2016 that ruled him out for two years, before ending his career back in Portugal with Portimonense in 2020.

Martínez represented Colombia 40 times between 2009 and 2015, scoring nine goals for the country. He played for them at the Copa América in 2011 and 2015, as well as the 2014 FIFA World Cup, where he scored two goals against Japan.

2015 Copa América
The 2015 Copa América was the 44th edition of the Copa América, the main international football tournament for national teams in South America, and took place in Chile between 11 June and 4 July 2015. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body.

Twelve teams competed: the ten members of CONMEBOL and two guests from CONCACAF – Mexico and Jamaica, the latter of which competed in the Copa América for the first time.

Uruguay were the defending champions, but were eliminated by the host nation Chile in the quarter-finals. Chile won their first title, defeating Argentina in the final on penalties after a goalless draw. As winners, they qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia.
Petite rivière Jean-Boivin
The petite rivière Jean-Boivin is a freshwater tributary of the Jean-Boivin River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in province of Quebec, in Canada. The upper course of the little Jean-Boivin river crosses the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.

The valley of the "petite rivière Jean-Boivin" is located between route 175 and route 169; other secondary forest roads have been developed in the sector for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the primary economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the small Jean-Boivin river is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to the end of March.

Quebec Route 175
Route 175 is a major north–south highway on both sides of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada. Its southern terminus is in Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon at the junction of Route 218 and its northern terminus is in Saguenay at the junction of Route 172, in the former city of Chicoutimi. Route 175 crosses the Saint Lawrence River on the Quebec Bridge, and a little further north of downtown Quebec City, it merges with Autoroute 73, continuing with Autoroute standards for about 45 km and continuing going the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve as a divided highway towards Saguenay.
Unifying theories in mathematics
There have been several attempts in history to reach a unified theory of mathematics. Some of the most respected mathematicians in the academia have expressed views that the whole subject should be fitted into one theory (examples include Hilbert's program and Langlands program).

The unification of mathematical topics has been called mathematical consolidation: "By a consolidation of two or more concepts or theories Ti we mean the creation of a new theory which incorporates elements of all the Ti into one system which achieves more general implications than are obtainable from any single Ti."

Langlands program
In mathematics,  the Langlands program is a set of conjectures about connections between number theory, the theory of automorphic forms, and geometry. It was proposed by the Canadian mathematician Robert Langlands (1967, 1970). It seeks to relate the structure of Galois groups in algebraic number theory to automorphic forms and, more generally, the representation theory of algebraic groups over local fields and adeles.
Yasui Sokken
Yasui Sokken (安井 息軒 January 1, 1799 - September 23, 1876) was a classical scholar of Confucianism from Obi Domain, Hyūga Province (now Kiyotake Miyazaki Prefecture) Japan. He educated many notable personalities of Bakumatsu and early Meiji period Japan, including Tani Tateki, Mutsu Munemitsu and  Shinagawa Yajiro. His child name was Junsaku and later his name was Chuhei. His Art-name was Sokken. His wife Sayo was the model for Mori Ogai's historical novel Mrs. Yasui. His famous quote is: The plan for the day is in the morning. The plan for the year is in the spring. The plan for the whole life is in the youth.

Mutsu Munemitsu
Count Mutsu Munemitsu (陸奥 宗光; August 20, 1844 – August 24, 1897) was a Japanese diplomat and politician. He became Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1890 and worked to revise unequal treaties. He served as plenipotentiary at the peace conference in Shimonoseki after the First Sino-Japanese War.
Gerry Glasco
Gerald Dean Glasco Jr. (born October 29, 1958) is an American college softball coach who is currently head coach at Texas Tech and the Smash It Sports Vipers of the Women's Professional Fastpitch (WPF). Previously, Glasco was a high school softball coach, an assistant at Georgia and Texas A&M, and head coach for the USSSA Pride and Scrap Yard Dawgs of the National Pro Fastpitch (NPF).

Women's Professional Fastpitch
Women's Professional Fastpitch (WPF) is a professional women's fastpitch softball league in the United States. The new league began its promotional campaign in 2021 and launched its first official season in 2023. However, there is no word on a return in 2025.

The league is unrelated to the defunct league that used the names National Pro Fastpitch (NPF), Women's Pro Softball League (WPSL) along with Women's Professional Fastpitch, or the Association of Fastpitch Professionals. Not to be confused with a new competing league Fastpitch United or AUSL