hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Governess cart
A governess cart, governess car or tub cart is a two-wheeled horse-drawn cart pulled by a single horse or pony, with a tub-shaped body entered from the rear and two longitudinal seats. It was a common way for a governess to transport small children. Tub carts are similar to the "inside jaunting car".

Cart
A cart is a two-wheeled vehicle designed for transport. It can be pulled by humans or draught animals such as horses, donkeys, mules and oxen, or smaller animals such as goats and large dogs.

The word cart is often used incorrectly to indicate four-wheeled horse-drawn vehicles. Over time, the word "cart" has expanded to mean nearly any small conveyance without regard to number of wheels, load carried, or means of propulsion. The word car has often been modified to cart through colloquialization. For example, several small sport and hobby cars carry "cart" in their name such as pedal carts (manually pedaled), soap-box carts (gravity run), and go-carts (gas engine). Similarly, golf cars are more commonly known as golf carts.

A cartwright is a builder of carts, and a carter is the person operating a horse and cart for haulage. The surname "Carter" derives from the occupation.
Tirth Pat
Tirth Pat or Patta is a religious map and topographical rendering used in Śvētāmbara Jainism religion for representing places of pilgrimage (Tirtha). Tirth Pat is different than the conventional map making and is not drawn to scale. Tirth Pat is not indicative of distances, elevation, topography and direction and is solely used for evocation of Jain pilgrimages (Tirthas). It is believed in Jainism that mere viewing of a Tirth Pat earns merit for a devotee.

Tirtha (Jainism)
In Jainism, a tīrtha (Sanskrit: तीर्थ "ford, a shallow part of a body of water that may be easily crossed") is a passage across samsara first  blazed by a Tirthankara. The word is used to refer to Jain pilgrimage sites, and to the four sections of the sangha. A tirtha provides the inspiration to enable one to cross over from worldly engagement to the side of moksha.

Jain tirthas are located throughout India. Often a tirtha has a number of temples as well as residences (dharmashala) for the pilgrims and wandering monks and scholars.
2002 Arizona House of Representatives election
The 2002 Arizona House of Representatives election took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2002, with the primary election held on Tuesday, September 10, 2002. Arizona voters elected all 60 members of the Arizona House of Representatives in multi-member districts to serve two-year terms.

The election coincided with United States national elections and Arizona state elections, including U.S. House, Governor, and Arizona Senate.

Following the previous election in 2000, Republicans held a 36-to-24-seat majority over Democrats. Republicans expanded their majority in 2002, winning 39 seats. At 21 members, Democrats experienced a net loss of three seats. The newly elected members served in the 46th Arizona State Legislature, during which Republican Jake Flake was elected as Speaker of the Arizona House.

These were the first elections in Arizona following the 2000 United States redistricting cycle, which resulted in redrawn legislative district boundaries.

2002 Arizona gubernatorial election
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The 2002 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican Governor Jane Dee Hull was term limited. The Democratic nominee, Arizona Attorney General Janet Napolitano, narrowly defeated Republican Matt Salmon, a former U.S. Representative, in a victory that was considered a minor upset. Upon her inauguration, Napolitano became the first woman to succeed another woman as governor of a state. This was the last Arizona gubernatorial election in which the winning candidate did not win Maricopa County.
Mushkara
Mushkara (IAST: Muṣkara) was a ruler of the Western Ganga dynasty who reigned from approximately 579 to 604 CE. He succeeded his father, Durvinita, and continued the dynasty’s policies of regional consolidation, religious patronage, and literary encouragement.

Durvinita
Durvinita (r. 529 – 579 CE) is seen as the most successful ruler of the Western Ganga dynasty. He is remembered for his military prowess, literary achievements, and strong patronage of Jainism. He was a son of the preceding king Avinita.

Durvinita's accession to the throne was disputed by his brother, who had gained the support of the Pallavas and Kadambas. There are Nallala and Kadagattur inscriptions that refer to this dispute. However, Durvinita managed to grab the throne by virtue of his valour.
Alberto Alonso
Alberto Julio Rayneri Alonso (22 May 1917 – 31 December 2007) was a Cuban dancer and choreographer, the brother of Fernando Alonso and brother-in-law of Alicia Alonso (née Martinez). He was influential in the development of the Cuban style of ballet, a combination of Russian and Western techniques with a Latin style.

Alicia Alonso
Alicia Alonso (born Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad del Cobre Martínez del Hoyo; 21 December 1920 – 17 October 2019) was a Cuban prima ballerina assoluta and choreographer whose company became the Ballet Nacional de Cuba in 1955. She is best known for her portrayals of Giselle and the ballet version of Carmen.

From the age of nineteen, Alonso was afflicted with an eye condition and became partially blind. Her partners always had to be in the exact place she expected them to be, and she used lights in different parts of the stage to guide herself.
Global surveillance disclosures (1970–2013)
Global surveillance refers to the practice of globalized mass surveillance on entire populations across national borders. Although its existence was first revealed in the 1970s and led legislators to attempt to curb domestic spying by the National Security Agency (NSA), it did not receive sustained public attention until the existence of ECHELON was revealed in the 1980s and confirmed in the 1990s. In 2013 it gained substantial worldwide media attention due to the global surveillance disclosure by Edward Snowden.

ECHELON
ECHELON, originally a secret government code name, is a surveillance program (signals intelligence/SIGINT collection and analysis network) operated by the five signatory states to the UKUSA Security Agreement: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the United States, also known as the Five Eyes.

Created in the late 1960s to monitor the military and diplomatic communications of the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies during the Cold War, the ECHELON project became formally established in 1971. By the end of the 20th century, it had greatly expanded.
Henry John Williams
Henry John Williams (8 February 1841 – 1 April 1919) was an English Anglican priest, writer, and advocate of Christian vegetarianism and humanitarianism. Influenced by his brother Howard Williams, he adopted vegetarianism in 1878 and sought to promote it as a moral and religious duty grounded in Christian teaching. He founded the Order of the Golden Age, a Christian vegetarian organisation, in 1881, later serving alongside Sidney H. Beard when it was revived in 1895. Williams was also honorary president of the Scottish Vegetarian Society and a member of the Humanitarian League's Humane Diet department. He contributed essays to the order's journal, The Herald of the Golden Age.

Sidney H. Beard
Sidney Hartnoll Beard (14 February 1862 – 20 October 1938) was an English vegetarian and fruitarian activist and writer. He re-established and served as president of the Order of the Golden Age, edited its journal, the Herald of the Golden Age (1896–1918), and advanced a Christian case for vegetarianism framed as a moral duty. Defining fruitarianism broadly to include cereals, seeds, nuts, fruits, and vegetables with dairy and eggs permitted, he treated fish as a transitional food for those leaving flesh-eating.

Operating from Ilfracombe and, from 1904, Barcombe Hall in Paignton, he organised lectures and public outreach, including a 1908 address with Josiah Oldfield at the Cambridge Guildhall.  His publications were A Simple Guide to a Natural and Humane Diet (1898), Is Flesh-Eating Morally Defensible? (1898), A Comprehensive Guide-Book to Natural, Hygienic and Humane Diet (1902), and Our Real Relationship to God: The Lost Ideal of Christianity, by a Disciple of the Christ (1922).
Franciscan Brothers of Peace
The Franciscan Brothers of Peace is a religious order in the Franciscan tradition in the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.  The archdiocese recognizes them as the first community of religious brothers to be founded in the territory. The brothers work with refugees, victims of torture, and the pro-life movement; from 1991 to 1999, they operated a hospice for those dying of AIDS. As of 2025, they have nine members.

Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis
The Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis (Latin: Archidiœcesis Paulopolitana et Minneapolitana) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in the state of Minnesota in the United States. The archbishop has both a cathedral and co-cathedral:

The mother church is the Cathedral of Saint Paul in Saint Paul

The co-cathedral is the Basilica of Saint Mary in Minneapolis
We and Our Neighbors Clubhouse
We and Our Neighbors Clubhouse is a historic building located in the Cambrian area of San Jose, California. The Clubhouse was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 20, 1978. The Clubhouse is historically significant due to its role in shaping the civic and cultural life of the San Jose community. Established in 1892, it stands among the oldest General Federation of Women's Clubs within the Loma Prieta District, encompassing Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, and San Benito counties.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Clara County, California
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Santa Clara County, California, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.

There are 120 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 6 National Historic Landmarks.  Another property was once listed but has been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.
Walter H. Thompson
Detective Inspector Walter Henry Thompson BEM (3 December 1890 – 18 January 1978) was a British police officer who is best known as the bodyguard of Winston Churchill for eighteen years, between 1921 and 1935, and between 1939 and 1945 during World War II. Thompson reportedly saved Churchill's life on numerous occasions. When he finally retired after the war, he published a memoir that made him famous in the United Kingdom and the Western world.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Space Dogs
Space Dogs (a.k.a. Belka & Strelka — Star Dogs, original: Белка и Стрелка. Звёздные собаки, Belka i Strelka. Zvyozdnye sobaki) is a 2010 Russian animated  adventure comedy film. The film is based on the Soviet space dogs Belka and Strelka, the first animals who survived an orbital space trip, the Korabl-Sputnik 2 flight in August, 1960. In Poland it became the leader of the box-office on its first weekend, although in the United States it grossed poorly, making only $14,408 due to its limited release.

Soviet space dogs
During the 1950s and 1960s the Soviet space program used dogs for sub-orbital and orbital space flights to determine whether human spaceflight was feasible. The Soviet space program typically used female dogs due to their anatomical compatibility with the spacesuit. Similarly, they used mix-breed dogs due to their apparent hardiness.

In this period, the Soviet Union launched missions with passenger slots for at least 57 dogs. Some dogs flew more than once. Most survived; those that died were lost mostly through technical failures, according to the parameters of the test. Laika was an exception and was expected to die during her Earth-orbiting 3 November 1957 Sputnik 2.
1932 International Lawn Tennis Challenge Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the two regional zones of the 1932 International Lawn Tennis Challenge.

22 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Final against the winner of the America Zone. Germany defeated Italy in the final, and went on to face the United States in the Inter-Zonal Final.

1932 International Lawn Tennis Challenge
The 1932 International Lawn Tennis Challenge was the 27th edition of what is now known as the Davis Cup. 22 teams would enter the Europe Zone; while 8 would enter the Americas Zone, 5 in North America and 3 in South America.

The United States defeated Brazil in the America Inter-Zonal Final, after Brazil received two walkovers in the South America Zone, and then defeated Germany in the Inter-Zonal play-off. France defeated the US in the Challenge Round, giving them their sixth straight title. The final was played 29–31 July at Stade Roland Garros in Paris.
Seven Archangels
The concept of Seven Archangels is found in some works of early Jewish literature and in Christianity. In those texts, they are referenced as the angels who serve God directly.

The Catholic Church venerates seven archangels: in Latin Christianity, three are invoked by name (Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael) while the Eastern Catholic Churches name seven. Lutheranism and Anglicanism's traditions generally recognize four known archangels: Michael, Gabriel, Raphael and sometimes Uriel. 
Non denominational Protestant churches often venerate only Gabriel and Michael.

In the Coptic tradition, the Seven Archangels are Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Surael, Sedakiel, Sarathael, and Ananael. In parts of Oriental Orthodox Christianity and Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Eight Archangels may be honoured, including Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, as well as Salathiel, Jegudiel, Barachiel, and Jeremiel. The Eight Archangels are commemorated on the Feast of the Archangels.

Zadkiel
Zadkiel (Hebrew: צִדְקִיאֵל Ṣīḏqīʾēl, 'God is my Righteousness'), also known as Hasdiel, is an archangel in Jewish and Christian angelology. Zadkiel is the archangel of kindness, benevolence and mercy.
Onyx (game)
Onyx is a two-player abstract strategy board game invented by Larry Back in 1995. The game features a rule for performing captures, making Onyx unique among connection games.

The Onyx board is a grid of interlocking squares and triangles, with pieces played on the points of intersection (as in  Go). Each side of the board comprises twelve points. Black tries to connect the two horizontal (black) sides with an unbroken chain of black pieces, while White tries to connect the two vertical (white) sides with an unbroken chain of white pieces. The first to do so wins the game.

Onyx was featured in several issues of Abstract Games magazine edited by Kerry Handscomb.

Connection game
A connection game is a type of abstract strategy game in which players attempt to complete a specific type of connection with their pieces. This could involve forming a path between two or more endpoints, completing a closed loop, or connecting all of one's pieces so they are adjacent to each other. Connection games typically have simple rules, but complex strategies. They have minimal components and may be played as board games, computer games, or even paper-and-pencil games.

In many connection games, the goal is to connect two opposite sides of the board. In these games, players take turns placing or moving pieces until one player has a continuous line of pieces connecting their two sides of the playing area. Hex, TwixT, and PÜNCT are typical examples of this type of game.
Asahi-class destroyer escort
The Asahi-class destroyer escort was a class of destroyer escorts of Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force. Two ships were lent from the Cannon class by the United States Navy and in commissioned from 1955 until 1975.

Cannon-class destroyer escort
The Cannon class was a class of destroyer escorts  built by the United States primarily for antisubmarine warfare and convoy escort service during World War II.  The lead ship, USS Cannon, was commissioned on 26 September 1943 at Wilmington, Delaware. Of the 116 ships ordered, 44 were cancelled and six were commissioned directly into the Free French Forces. Destroyer escorts were regular companions escorting vulnerable cargo ships.

HTMS Pin Klao (DE-413) was the last ship of the class to retire from active service after she was decommissioned from the Royal Thai Navy on 10 September 2025.
The Biggest Loser Pinoy Edition
The Biggest Loser Pinoy Edition is a Philippine television reality competition show broadcast by ABS-CBN. The show is based on the American game show of the same title. Originally hosted by Sharon Cuneta, it aired on the network's Primetime Bida and Yes Weekend! line up from May 30, 2011, to April 26, 2014, replacing Green Rose and was rep by Pinoy Big Brother: All In. Iza Calzado served as the final host.

The Biggest Loser (American TV series)
The Biggest Loser is an American competition reality show that initially ran on NBC for 17 seasons from 2004 to 2016, returning in 2020 – for an 18th and final season – on USA Network. The show features obese and overweight contestants competing to win a cash prize by losing the highest percentage of weight relative to their initial weight.
Asschat
Asschat is a hamlet in the municipality Leusden, in the Dutch province of Utrecht.

The hamlet is separated from the village of Leusden in the west by the Valleikanaal canal, and it borders the hamlet Snorrenhoef in the east. The name Asschat (1696) derives from af-schede, afscheiding: partition, indicating an old border.

Asschat is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Leusden. It used to have place name signs, however they have been removed. In 1840, Asschat was home to 172 people. At the outbreak of World War II, it was the scene of heavy fighting. All the farms were set on fire to slow the German advance. The animals were set free, but some returned to their farm. Nowadays, it consists of about 20 houses.

The family Scholten van Aschat is named after the hamlet.

Leusden
Leusden (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈløːzdə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. It is located about 3 kilometres southeast of Amersfoort.

The western part of the municipality lies on the slopes of the Utrecht Hill Ridge and is largely covered by forest and heathlands. The eastern parts lie in the Gelderse Valley and are mostly agricultural.

Former Amersfoort concentration camp lies just within the northern municipal border with Amersfoort.
Yakuza: Dead Souls
Yakuza: Dead Souls is a 2011 action-adventure survival horror video game developed and published by Sega for the PlayStation 3. The game is a spin-off of the Like a Dragon series. The game was originally scheduled for release in Japan on March 17, 2011 two days after the release of Yakuza 4 in North America; however, after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, the release was indefinitely delayed. A new release date, setting the game's release for June 9, was announced on April 7. The game was also released in North America and Europe by Sega in March 2012. The gameplay and themes are based on another Sega horror-themed rail shooter called The House of the Dead series.

Yakuza 4
Yakuza 4 is a 2010 action-adventure game developed and published by Sega for the PlayStation 3. The sequel to Yakuza 3 and the fourth main installment in the Yakuza series, it was released in Japan in March 2010 and internationally in March 2011.

A remaster was released on the PlayStation 4 on January 17, 2019, in Japan, and worldwide on October 29, 2019, as part of The Yakuza Remastered Collection. Versions for Windows and Xbox One were released in January 2021. Because Hiroki Narimiya retired from acting due to allegations of drug use, the role of Tanimura was recast with Toshiki Masuda taking over. A sequel, Yakuza 5, was released in 2012.
Saulo Ribeiro
Saulo Mendonça Ribeiro Filho (born July 2, 1974) is a Brazilian submission grappler and former mixed martial artist. He is a 6th-degree black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) and brother of Xande Ribeiro. After earning a black belt in judo, he began his training of Brazilian jiu-jitsu in Rio de Janeiro under Royler Gracie, the son of Hélio Gracie, at Gracie Humaitá.

Ribeiro received his black belt in BJJ on November 27, 1995. Less than two years later, he won his first MMA fight. He also won the World Jiu-Jitsu Championship five times, in several weight classes.

Royler Gracie
Royler Gracie (born December 6, 1965) is a Brazilian-American retired mixed martial artist and Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner. Gracie ran the Gracie Humaitá school in Rio de Janeiro for many years under his father Helio's direction, and lives  and teaches in San Diego, California. Considered a legend of jiu jitsu and submission wrestling, Gracie is a member of both the IBJJF Hall of Fame, and the ADCC Hall of Fame.
Feu (TV series)
Feu (Bengali: ফেউ) is a 2025 Bangladeshi historical thriller web series directed by Sukorno Sahed Dhiman. It is inspired by the real‑life events of the 1979 Marichjhapi massacre in the Marichjhanpi mangrove island in West Bengal, India in the Sundarbans.

Marichjhanpi
22°06′25″N 88°57′04″E﻿ / ﻿22.1070°N 88.9510°E﻿ / 22.1070; 88.9510
Marichjhanpi is an island set in the mangrove forests of the Sundarbans in West Bengal, India. It is primarily known today for the Marichjhapi massacre in 1979 when the newly elected Communist Party of India (Marxist) government of West Bengal evicted several post-partition Dalit refugees who were living in the reserved forest. The clash between armed residents and the police resulted in about 10,000 deaths. Although the exact death count is unknown, researchers believe that several collateral deaths took place from violent clashes, alleged police brutality, and disease.
Run (Awolnation album)
Run is the second studio album by American rock band Awolnation. It was released on March 17, 2015 through Red Bull Records. It was the band's first studio album in four years, succeeding Megalithic Symphony (2011).

Work on the album was primarily done by band front man Aaron Bruno. He played the majority of instruments on the album and served as the sole producer and songwriter. Throughout 2013 and 2014, Bruno recorded the album between Dragonfly Creek Recording in Malibu, California and Red Bull Studios in Los Angeles.

The album was first announced on January 25, 2015. On the same day, "Hollow Moon (Bad Wolf)" was released as the lead single. The title track was later released on March 5 as the second single. Following the album's release, five other singles were released; "Windows", "I Am", "KOOKSEVERYWHERE!!!", "Woman Woman", and "Lie Love Live Love".

On June 27, 2025, the band re-released the album for its 10th anniversary with six new tracks.

Megalithic Symphony
Megalithic Symphony is the debut studio album by American rock band Awolnation, released on March 15, 2011, through Red Bull Records. The album is the band's first full-length release, following the release of the extended play Back From Earth (2010). Megalithic Symphony has since peaked at number 84 on the United States Billboard 200 and at number 57 on the Austrian Albums Chart. As of March 2015, the album sold 581,000 copies in the United States.

On February 29, 2016, the RIAA certified Megalithic Symphony platinum.

In 2021, for the album's 10th anniversary, a special edition of it was released, including unreleased songs and live performances of some older songs, for a total of 27 bonus tracks.