hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heath–Jarrow–Morton framework
The Heath–Jarrow–Morton (HJM) framework is a general framework to model the evolution of interest rate curves – instantaneous forward rate curves in particular (as opposed to simple forward rates). When the volatility and drift of the instantaneous forward rate are assumed to be deterministic, this is known as the Gaussian Heath–Jarrow–Morton (HJM) model of forward rates.: 394  For direct modeling of simple forward rates the Brace–Gatarek–Musiela model represents an example.

The HJM framework originates from the work of David Heath, Robert A. Jarrow, and Andrew Morton in the late 1980s, especially Bond pricing and the term structure of interest rates: a new methodology (1987) – working paper, Cornell University, and Bond pricing and the term structure of interest rates: a new methodology (1989) – working paper (revised ed.), Cornell University. It has its critics, however, with Paul Wilmott describing it as "...actually just a big rug for [mistakes] to be swept under".

Forward curve
The forward curve is a function graph in finance that defines the prices at which a contract for future delivery or payment can be concluded today. For example, a futures contract forward curve is prices being plotted as a function of the amount of time between now and the expiry date of the futures contract (with the spot price being the price at time zero). The forward curve represents a term structure of prices.
Object copying
In object-oriented programming, object copying is creating a copy of an existing object, a unit of data in object-oriented programming. The resulting object is called an object copy or simply copy of the original object. Copying is basic but has subtleties and can have significant overhead. There are several ways to copy an object, most commonly by a copy constructor or cloning. Copying is done mostly so the copy can be modified or moved, or the current value preserved. If either of these is unneeded, a reference to the original data is sufficient and more efficient, as no copying occurs.

Objects in general store composite data. While in simple cases copying can be done by allocating a new, uninitialized object and copying all fields (attributes) from the original object, in more complex cases this does not result in desired behavior.

Object lifetime
In object-oriented programming (OOP), object lifetime is the period of time between an object's creation and its destruction. In some programming contexts, object lifetime coincides with the lifetime of a variable that represents the object. In other contexts – where the object is accessed by reference – object lifetime is not determined by the lifetime of a variable. For example, destruction of the variable may only destroy the reference, not the referenced object.
Pygmy music
Pygmy music refers to the  sub-Saharan African music traditions of the Central African foragers (or "Pygmies"), predominantly in the Congo, the Central African Republic and Cameroon.

Pygmy groups include the Bayaka, the Mbuti, and the Batwa.

Music is an important part of Pygmy life, and casual performances take place during many of the day's events. Music comes in many forms, including the spiritual likanos stories, vocable singing and music played from a variety of instruments including the bow harp (ieta), ngombi (harp zither) and limbindi (a string bow).

Researchers who have studied Pygmy music include Simha Arom, Louis Sarno, Colin Turnbull and Jean-Pierre Hallet.

Twa
The Twa, often referred to as Batwa or  Mutwa (singular), are indigenous hunter-gatherer peoples of the Great Lakes Region in Central Africa, recognized as some of the earliest inhabitants of the area. Historically and academically, the term "Pygmy" has been used to describe these groups; however, it is considered derogatory, particularly by the Twa themselves. While some Batwa activists accept the term as an acknowledgement of their indigenous status, most prefer specific ethnic labels such as Bambuti (for  the Ituri Forest region in the Democratic Republic of the Congo), Baaka (Lobaye Forest, Central African Republic), and Bambendjelle (Ndoki Forest, Congo-Brazzaville and Central African Republic).
Bridge River
The Bridge River is a river in southern British Columbia, Canada. It flows south-east from the Coast Mountains. Until 1961, it was a major tributary of the Fraser River, entering that stream about six miles upstream from the town of Lillooet; its flow, however, was near-completely diverted into Seton Lake with the completion of the Bridge River Power Project, with most of the river's water now entering the Fraser just south of Lillooet as a result. The Bridge River hydroelectric complex, operated by BC Hydro, consists of three successive dams, providing water for four hydro power plants with the total rated power of total 492 megawatts.

Seton Lake
Seton Lake is a lake in the Squamish-Lillooet region of southwestern British Columbia. On the northeast side is Mission Ridge. On the southwest is the Cayoosh Range. By road, the eastern end is about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) southwest of Lillooet.
Doug Howard (musician)
Doug Howard (born May 2, 1956) is an American bassist, vocalist and songwriter. He is best known for his work as a performing/recording musician and occasional co-writer with groups, and artists such as Touch, Stun Leer, Todd Rundgren, Utopia and The Edgar Winter Group. He also played the role as the singing narrator "Songster" in the 1987 live production of the Masters of the Universe Power Tour based upon the Mattel He-Man series action figures. Howard is also the managing partner of Lodestar Entertainment, LLC, a music and video licensing, and publishing company based in New York. He is the paternal grandson of American songwriter Joseph E. Howard.

Edgar Winter
Edgar Holland Winter (born December 28, 1946) is an American multi-instrumentalist, working as a vocalist along with playing keyboards, saxophone, and percussion. His success peaked in the 1970s with his band the Edgar Winter Group and their popular songs "Frankenstein" and "Free Ride" which remain staple tracks of classic rock radio. He is the brother of blues singer and guitarist Johnny Winter, who died in 2014.
Salma Lakhani
Salmabegum Lakhani AOE  (née Rajabali, born 1951 or 1952) is the 19th lieutenant governor of Alberta. Her appointment as lieutenant governor became effective upon the swearing of the oath of allegiance and oath of office on August 26, 2020.

She is the viceregal representative of King Charles III of Canada in the province of Alberta. Lakhani is the first South Asian and the first Muslim to hold a viceregal office in Canada.

Alberta Order of Excellence
The Alberta Order of Excellence is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Alberta. Instituted in 1979 when Lieutenant Governor Frank C. Lynch-Staunton granted royal assent to the Alberta Order of Excellence Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Alberta residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Canadian Crown in right of Alberta.
Unrestricted grammar
In automata theory, the class of unrestricted grammars (also called semi-Thue, type-0 or phrase structure grammars) is the most general class of grammars in the Chomsky hierarchy. No restrictions are made on the productions of an unrestricted grammar, other than each of their left-hand sides being non-empty.: 220  This grammar class can generate arbitrary recursively enumerable languages.

Recursively enumerable language
In mathematics, logic and computer science, a formal language is called recursively enumerable (also recognizable, partially decidable, semidecidable, Turing-acceptable or Turing-recognizable) if it is a recursively enumerable subset in the set of all possible words over the alphabet of the language, i.e., if there exists a Turing machine which will enumerate all valid strings of the language.

Recursively enumerable languages are known as type-0 languages in the Chomsky hierarchy of formal languages. All regular, context-free, context-sensitive and recursive languages are recursively enumerable.

The class of all recursively enumerable languages is called RE.
Robert Creeley
Robert White Creeley (May 21, 1926 – March 30, 2005) was an American poet and author of more than 60 books. He is associated with the Black Mountain poets, although his verse aesthetic diverged from that school. Creeley was close with Charles Olson, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, John Wieners and Ed Dorn.

Creeley served as the Samuel P. Capen Professor of Poetry and the Humanities at State University of New York at Buffalo. In 1991, he joined colleagues Susan Howe, Charles Bernstein, Raymond Federman, Robert Bertholf, and Dennis Tedlock in founding the Poetics Program at Buffalo.

Creeley lived in Waldoboro, Buffalo, and Providence, where he taught at Brown University. He was a recipient of the Lannan Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award.

Susan Howe
Susan Howe (born June 10, 1937) is an American poet, scholar, essayist, and critic, who has been closely associated with the Language poets, among other poetry movements. Her work is often classified as Postmodern because it expands traditional notions of genre (fiction, essay, prose and poetry). Many of Howe's books are layered with historical, mythical, and other references, often presented in an unorthodox format. Her work contains lyrical echoes of sound, and yet is not pinned down by a consistent metrical pattern or a conventional poetic rhyme scheme.

Howe received the 2017 Robert Frost Medal awarded by the Poetry Society of America, and the 2011 Bollingen Prize in American Poetry. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
James C. Hormel
James Catherwood Hormel (January 1, 1933 – August 13, 2021) was an American philanthropist, LGBT activist, diplomat, and heir to the Hormel meatpacking fortune. He served as the United States Ambassador to Luxembourg from 1999 to 2001, and was the first openly gay man to represent the United States as an ambassador.

Hormel Foods
Hormel Foods Corporation, doing business as Hormel Foods or simply Hormel, is an American multinational food processing company founded in 1891 in Austin, Minnesota, by George A. Hormel as George A. Hormel & Company. The company originally focused on the packaging and selling of ham, sausage and other pork, chicken, beef and lamb products to consumers, adding Spam in 1937. By the 1980s, Hormel began offering a wider range of packaged and refrigerated foods. The company changed its name to Hormel Foods Corporation in 1993 and uses the Hormel brand on many of its products; the company's other brands include Planters, Columbus Craft Meats, Dinty Moore, Jennie-O, and Skippy. The company's products are available in over 80 countries.
Transmission control room
A transmission control room (TCR), transmission suite, Tx room, or presentation suite is a room at broadcast facilities and television stations around the world. Compared to a master control room, it is usually smaller in size and is a scaled-down version of centralcasting. A TX room or presentation suite will be staffed 24/7 by presentation directors and tape operators and will be fitted out with video play-out systems often using server-based broadcast automation.

For operational and content qualitative reasons, not more than two television channels are managed from one TCR. Channels with live content and production switching requirements like sports channels have their own dedicated TCRs. A television station may have several TCRs depending on the number of channels they broadcast.

Broadcast automation
Broadcast automation incorporates the use of broadcast programming technology to automate broadcasting operations.  Used either at a broadcast network, radio station or a television station, it can run a facility in the absence of a human operator.  They can also run in a live assist mode when there are on-air personnel present at the master control, television studio or control room.

The radio transmitter end of the airchain is handled by a separate automatic transmission system (ATS).
Hellemyr
Hellemyr is a district in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It has a population of 2,990 (in 2014). The district is located in the borough of Grim. The district of Tinnheia lies to the east, the district of Slettheia lies to the south and the district of Grim lies to the north. Hellemyr is the last district to drive through before exiting Kristiansand via the European route E39 highway.

Hellemyr has one elementary school, and the junior high students attend Grim skole. Public transportation is available by bus, Nettbuss connects the district to the city centre in Kvadraturen. Buses from Hellemyr also connect to Tømmerstø. Hellemyr is mostly typical Norwegian residential suburb. Hellemyr Church is located in this district.

Slettheia
Slettheia is a district in the borough of Vågsbygd in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The population was about 4,000 in 2014. It is the most populated immigrant settlement in Kristiansand. The district was the childhood home of Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway. Public transportation is available with local city buses every day. Slettheia has one elementary and one junior high, the closest high school is "Vågsbygd High School".
Water polo at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships – Women's tournament
The women's water polo tournament at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships was held from 11 to 23 July 2025. This was the 18th time that the women's water polo tournament has been played since the first edition in 1986. United States are the defending champions, having beaten Hungary in Doha 2024.

Greece won their second title by defeating Hungary in the final.

Water polo at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships – Women's tournament
The women's water polo tournament at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships was held from 4 to 16 February 2024 in Doha. This was the 17th time that the women's water polo tournament has been played since the first edition in 1986.

The United States won their eighth overall title.
It's Complicated (EP)
It's Complicated is the sixth EP by South Korean singer-songwriter Yesung. It was released on November 5, 2024, by SM Entertainment and distributed by Kakao Entertainment.

The release is Yesung's first comeback since Unfading Sense in October 2023. Consisting of five tracks and lasting near 16 minutes, the EP is Yesung's shortest release.

Unfading Sense
Unfading Sense is the fifth Korean EP by South Korean singer Yesung. It was released by SM Entertainment and distributed by Kakao Entertainment on October 4, 2023. The release is Yesung's third comeback in 2023 following his debut Korean studio album, Sensory Flows and his debut Japanese EP. The EP is supported by lead single "Scented Things" which was released on the same day as the EP.
Gōdō gaisha
A gōdō gaisha (合同会社), or gōdō kaisha, abbreviated GK, is a type of business organization in the Companies Act of Japan modeled after the American limited liability company (LLC), hence its nickname as the "Japanese LLC" (日本版LLC, Nihon-ban LLC). It is a type of mochibun kaisha (corporation having a simplified internal structure like that of a partnership) distinguished by offering limited liability for all investors.

Partnership
A partnership is an agreement where parties agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations, schools, governments or combinations. Organizations may partner to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission and to amplify their reach. A partnership may result in issuing and holding equity or may be only governed by a contract.
Haralambiev Island
Haralambiev Island (Bulgarian: Хараламбиев остров, romanized: Haralambiev ostrov, IPA: [xɐrɐˈɫambiɛf ˈɔstrof]) is the 530 m long in southeast-northwest direction and 300 m wide rocky island with surface area of 13 hectares (32 acres) in the Larsen Islands group on the west side of Coronation Island in the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. It is "named after Captain Hristo Haralambiev (1948–2005), commander of the ocean fishing trawler Aktinia of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas during its fishing trip to Antarctic waters off South Georgia and the South Orkney Islands from November 1979 to June 1980. The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry."

Larsen Islands
The Larsen Islands are a small group of islands north-west of Moreton Point, the western extremity of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. They were discovered by Captains George Powell and Nathaniel Palmer on the occasion of their joint cruise in December 1821. The islands were named on Petter Sørlle's chart, based upon his survey of the South Orkney Islands in 1912–1913, in honour of Carl Anton Larsen.

The islands were recharted in 1933 by Discovery Investigations (DI) personnel on the Discovery II, who used the name Larsen Islands for the group and named the largest island Larsen Island. This scheme was found to be confusing, so Larsen Island was renamed in 1954 by the UK Antarctic Place-names Committee (UK-APC) for the sloop James Monroe, which was commanded by Captain Palmer at the time of discovery and anchored in this vicinity in December 1821.
Prince Franz Josef of Liechtenstein (1962–1991)
Prince Franz Josef of Liechtenstein (Franz Josef Wenceslaus Georg Maria; 19 November 1962 – 28 February 1991), popularly known as Prince Wenzel, was a member of Liechtenstein princely family. He was the youngest son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein and his wife, Countess Georgina von Wilczek, and thus younger brother of Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein.

House of Liechtenstein
The House of Liechtenstein (German: Haus Liechtenstein), from which the principality takes its name, is the family which reigns by hereditary right over the principality of Liechtenstein. Only dynastic members of the family are eligible to inherit the throne. The dynasty's membership, rights and responsibilities are defined by a law of the family, which is enforced by the reigning prince and may be altered by vote among the family's dynasts, but which may not be altered by the Government or Parliament of Liechtenstein.
WYDR
WYDR (94.3 FM, "94.3 Jack FM") is a radio station broadcasting a variety hits music format, licensed to both Neenah and Menasha, Wisconsin (giving it and sister station WNCY-FM a rare dual cities of license situation) and transmitting from High Cliff State Park in Northwestern Calumet County. WYDR has its studios at Midwest Communications' facilities on Bellevue Street in the Green Bay suburb of Bellevue, adjacent to the tower site of sister station WNFL.

With the start of the 2022 season, WYDR serves as the Fox Cities affiliate of the Packers Radio Network, replacing Woodward Communications' WAPL (105.7).

Jack FM
Jack FM is a radio network brand that is licensed by Sparknet Communications, with the exception of the European Union where it is licensed by Oxis Media. It plays an adult hits format, in most cases not using DJs.
The Giant (Twin Peaks)
The Giant is a fictional character from the television series Twin Peaks, created by David Lynch and Mark Frost. He is an enigmatic spirit who appears in visions to Dale Cooper, and gives him clues to help him in his fight against the sinister forces of the Black Lodge. He is portrayed by Carel Struycken.

Struycken also appears in the series' 2017 revival as The Fireman, although the series does not explicitly state whether he and the Giant are the same character. In this series, the Fireman directly collaborates with Cooper in a mission to destroy his evil doppelganger.

Dale Cooper
FBI Special Agent Dale Bartholomew Cooper is a fictional character who is the protagonist of the ABC and Showtime television series Twin Peaks, and plays a supporting role in the prequel film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me. He is portrayed in all his appearances by American actor Kyle MacLachlan.

An idiosyncratic agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Cooper arrives in Twin Peaks in 1989 to investigate the brutal murder of popular high school student Laura Palmer, and begins to uncover several bizarre mysteries around the town, including some supernatural ones.
Caroline Currid
Caroline Currid (born 1980/1981) is an Irish sports psychologist who worked as a performance coach with the Limerick senior hurling team between 2016–2023 and again from 2025. Before this, she had similar roles with the Tyrone senior football team, the Tipperary senior hurling team and the Dublin senior football team, teams based in three different provinces.

Currid has won seven All-Ireland titles in two sports while working with those four teams. Sean McGoldrick, writing in the Irish Independent in 2018, described Currid as "one of the most sought-after figures — particularly in the GAA".

Tyrone county football team
The Tyrone county football team (/tɪˈroʊn/) represents Tyrone GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association, in the Gaelic sport of football. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Ulster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Tyrone's home ground is Healy Park, Omagh. The current team manager is Malachy O'Rourke. Their longest-standing and fiercest rivalry is with Armagh, one of their geographic neighbors in Ulster. The team last won the Ulster Senior Championship in 2021, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2021 and the National League in 2003.
Shapurdukhtak
Shapurdukhtak (Middle Persian: Šābuhrduxtag, literally "daughter of Shapur") was a 3rd-century Sasanian queen (banbishn). She was the wife of her cousin, king Bahram II (r. 274–293).She was one of the most powerful and influential women of the Sasanian era. Being among the wise and capable ladies of her time, she lived with such authority that, despite the formidable and fearsome personality of the chief priest Kartir, she exercised influence over him as well, and, known as the “Queen of Queens,” she enjoyed significant power in state affairs.

Banbishn
Bānbishn was a Middle Persian title meaning "queen", and was held by royal women in Sasanian Iran who were the king's daughters and sisters, and also by the consorts of the Sasanian princes that ruled parts of the country as governors. The full version of the title was bānbishnān bānbishn ("Queen of Queens").
Loipa Araújo
Loipa Araújo (born May 27, 1941) is a Cuban ballet dancer, ballet master, and teacher of ballet. Along with Aurora Bosch, Josefina Méndez, and Mirta Plá, she is regarded as one of the "four jewels of Cuban ballet". Nicknamed the "Cuban muse of Marseille", Araújo is considered to be "one of the best ballet teachers in the world today". She was a principal artist with the Cuban National Ballet (Ballet Nacional de Cuba; BNC).

Ballet master
A ballet master (also balletmaster, ballet mistress, premier maître de ballet or premier maître de ballet en chef) is an employee of a ballet company who is responsible for the level of competence of the dancers in their company. In modern times, ballet masters are generally charged with teaching the daily company ballet class and rehearsing the dancers for both new and established ballets in the company's repertoire. The artistic director of a ballet company, whether a male or female, may also be called its ballet master.  Historic use of gender marking in job titles in ballet (and live theatre) is being supplanted by gender-neutral language job titles regardless of an employee's gender (e.g. ballet master in lieu of ballet mistress, wig master as an alternative to wig mistress).