hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shane Ross
Shane Peter Nathaniel Ross (born 11 July 1949) is an Irish former Independent politician who served as Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport from May 2016 to June 2020. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Rathdown constituency from 2016 to 2020, and previously from 2011 to 2016 for the Dublin South constituency. He was a member of Seanad Éireann for the Dublin University from 1981 to 2011, until his election to Dáil Éireann at the 2011 general election.

He is a former business editor of the Sunday Independent. He was a Fine Gael Wicklow County Councillor, and a one-time Fine Gael general election candidate in the Wicklow constituency. In the 31st Dáil he was a member of the Dáil Public Accounts Committee. He co-founded the Independent Alliance with Michael Fitzmaurice in 2015. He was re-elected to the 32nd Dáil, and subsequently appointed by Taoiseach Enda Kenny as Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport in May 2016.

Michael Fitzmaurice (politician)
Michael Fitzmaurice (born 18 September 1969) is an Irish politician from the Independent Ireland party who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Roscommon–Galway constituency since the 2016 general election, and from 2014 to 2016 for the Roscommon–South Leitrim constituency.

Before becoming a politician, Fitzmaurice used to run an agricultural and turf contracting business. He is the chair of the Turf Cutters and Contractors Association.
Marc Holland
Marc Holland (born 1974) is a British civil servant and diplomat. From 2014 to 2017, Holland served as the Administrator of Ascension. He was the UK's deputy ambassador to Denmark from 2018 to 2022. He was named Deputy Governor of Gibraltar in 2022.

Governor of Ascension
The Governor of Ascension is the representative of the monarch in Ascension Island, a constituent part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. He is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government, his role is to act as the de facto head of state.

Prior to 2009, Ascension Island was a dependency of Saint Helena and therefore directly represented by the Governor of Saint Helena. The St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009 made Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and Tristan da Cunha, equal constituent parts of the territory with their own governments and established the position of Governor of Ascension.
Kipkelion West Constituency
Kipkelion West is a constituency in Kenya. It is one of six constituencies in Kericho County. It was split from the now defunct Kipkelion Constituency to create two constituencies that are Kipkelion West and Kipkelion East after the promulgation of the New Constitution in 2010.

Kipkelion West is made up of four wards namely  Kipkelion ward, Kunyak Ward, Kamasian Ward, and Chilchila ward. Main economic activities in the constituency are coffee growing and dairy farming.

Kipkelion East Constituency
Kipkelion East is an electoral constituency in Kericho County, Kenya. It is one of six constituencies in the county. It was established for the 2013 general elections as constituency number 188 when Kipkelion Constituency was split into Kipkelion East and Kipkelion West constituency.

Kipkelion East incorporates Tendeno/Sorget, Londiani, Kedowa/Kimugul and Chepseon wards. The incumbent member of national assembly is Hon. Joseph Cherorot who succeeded Hon. Joseph Limo in 2022 General Election. Former MPs of the constituency include: Moses Kiprono of Soget, Kipsongol, Dr Richard Koech, Eng. Samuel Rotich, Dr Sammy Ruto and Bishop Tonui.
FIFA Superstars
FIFA Superstars was a football managing game developed by Playfish and Electronic Arts. It was released for play via Facebook in 2010, with a mobile version for iOS releasing the following year. In the game, users take the role of a football manager, managing a team by purchasing players, hiring a coach, upgrading the stadium and keeping the club fit in practice. FIFA Superstars is the first social gaming entry point for the FIFA franchise. FIFA Superstars became unavailable starting 31 March 2013.

Playfish
Playfish was a short-lived developer of free-to-play social network games. Playfish was founded in 2007 by Kristian Segerstråle, Sebastien de Halleux, Sami Lababidi, and Shukri Shammas. It closed in 2013. Playfish in the past had tended to attract up to 55 million users a month, with over 37 million users coming from Facebook users.

In October 2008, they secured US$17 million in venture capital funding from Accel Partners and Index Ventures. The company was acquired by Electronic Arts in 2009, with the last of Playfish's games being retired in 2013.
Beta Monocerotis
Beta Monocerotis (Beta Mon, β Monocerotis, β Mon) is a triple star system in the constellation of Monoceros.  To the naked eye, it appears as a single star with an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 3.74, making it the brightest visible star in the constellation.  A telescope shows a curved line of three pale blue stars (or pale yellow stars, depending on the scope's focus).  William Herschel who discovered it in 1781 commented that it is "one of the most beautiful sights in the heavens".  The star system consists of three Be stars, β Monocerotis A, β Monocerotis B, and β Monocerotis C.  There is also an additional visual companion star that is probably not physically close to the other three stars.

Be star
Be stars are a heterogeneous set of stars with B spectral types and emission lines.  A narrower definition, sometimes referred to as classical Be stars, is a non-supergiant B star whose spectrum has, or had at some time, one or more Balmer emission lines.
M1841 6-pounder field gun
The M1841 6-pounder field gun was a bronze smoothbore muzzleloading cannon that was adopted by the United States Army in 1841 and used from the Mexican–American War to the American Civil War. It fired a 6.1 lb (2.8 kg) round shot up to a distance of 1,523 yd (1,393 m) at 5° elevation. It could also fire canister shot and spherical case shot (shrapnel). The cannon proved very effective when employed by light artillery units during the Mexican–American War. The cannon was used during the early years of the American Civil War, but it was soon outclassed by newer field guns such as the M1857 12-pounder Napoleon. In the U.S. Army, the 6-pounders were replaced as soon as more modern weapons became available and none were manufactured after 1862. However, the Confederate States Army continued to use the cannon for a longer period because the lesser industrial capacity of the South could not produce new guns as fast as the North.

Canister shot
Canister shot is a kind of anti-personnel artillery ammunition. It has been used since the advent of gunpowder-firing artillery in Western armies, and saw particularly frequent use on land and at sea in the various wars of the 18th and 19th centuries. Canister is still used today in modern artillery.
Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec
Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec (12 September 1748 – 6 May 1793) was a French Navy officer. He took part in voyages of exploration in the Pacific Ocean under Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, looking for the lost expedition of Jean-François de La Pérouse.

Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse
Chef d'escadre Jean François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (French: [lapeʁuz]; 23 August 1741 – c. 1788) was a French Navy officer and explorer. Having enlisted in the Navy at the age of 15, he had a successful career and in 1785 was appointed to lead a scientific expedition around the world. His ships stopped in Chile, Hawaii, Alaska, California, Macau, the Philippines, Korea, Russia, Japan, Samoa, Tonga, and Australia before wrecking on the reefs of Vanikoro in the Solomon Islands.
Hubertus Heil
Wolfgang-Hubertus Ernst Ulrich Heil (born 3 November 1972) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who served as Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in the fourth cabinet of Angela Merkel and the cabinet of Olaf Scholz from 2018 to 2025.

In 2005, Heil became general secretary of the SPD. In September 2009, after immense losses for the SPD during the German federal election, Heil announced his resignation from this position for November. Andrea Nahles succeeded him as general secretary in November 2009. After Katarina Barley's appointment as Federal Minister of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, he briefly returned to the office from 2 June to 8 December 2017.

Katarina Barley
Katarina Barley (born 19 November 1968) is a German politician and lawyer who has been a Member of the European Parliament since 2019, serving as one of its Vice-Presidents. She served as Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer Protection in the fourth Cabinet of Angela Merkel. Prior to that, she had served as Federal Minister of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth and since 28 September 2017 also as the acting Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, both until 14 March 2018.

A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Barley served as a member of the Bundestag from 2013 until 2019 and was Secretary-General of her party from 2015 to 2017. She holds law degrees from France and Germany and a doctorate in European law, and formerly worked as a corporate lawyer with the law firm Wessing & Berenberg-Gossler in Hamburg, as a judge and as a governmental legal adviser. Barley holds citizenship of both Germany and Britain.
Vishvanatha Temple, Khajuraho
The Vishvanatha Temple is a Hindu temple in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located among the western group of Khajuraho Monuments, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, who is also known as "Vishvanatha" (IAST: Viśvanātha), meaning "Lord of the Universe".

The temple is believed to have been commissioned by the Chandela king Dhanga, and was probably completed in 999 CE or 1002 CE. Its architectural style is similar to that of the older Lakshmana Temple and the newer Kandariya Mahadeva Temple. It features several sculptures of various deities, surasundaris (celestial maidens), couples making love, and mythical creatures.

Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho
The Lakshmana Temple is a 10th-century Hindu temple built by Yashovarman during the Chandela dynasty located in Khajuraho, India. It is dedicated to Vaikuntha Vishnu - an aspect of Vishnu. As part of the Khajuraho Group of Monuments, and owing to its architecture and religious importance, the temple was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1986.
Pattiarimal Mohamadali Hariz
Lieutenant General Pattiarimal Mohamadali Hariz, PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC is the former General Officer-Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) Southern Command of the Indian Army and served in office from 1 September 2016 to 30 November 2017. He assumed the post from General Bipin Rawat and was succeeded by Dewan Rabindranath Soni.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Miss Grand Nigeria
Miss Grand Nigeria is a national female beauty pageant in Nigeria, established in 2015 by a Lagos-based event organizer chaired by Loveth Ajufoh of QLA Nigeria. The winners of the contest, which was conducted independently in 2015 and 2016, were designated to represent Nigeria at its affiliated international pageant, Miss Grand International. Prior to this, in 2013, the national license was held by The Nigerian Princess; it was subsequently transferred to AMC Productions, organizer of Miss Earth Nigeria, in 2014, and later to QLA Nigeria Limited, 001 Entertainment—the organizer of The Nigerian Queen—and the Qhue Group in 2015, 2020, and 2023, respectively.

To date, Nigerian representatives have not secured the Miss Grand International title. The highest achievements by Nigerian delegates have been placements among the top twenty finalists, attained in 2021, 2022, and 2023.

Miss Earth Nigeria
Miss Earth Nigeria is a national beauty pageant in Nigeria to select its representative to the international Miss Earth pageant. The pageant, with the theme "Beauties for a Cause" is organized by AMC Productions, and began sending representatives to Miss Earth a year after the international pageant was established in 2001. Nigeria has achieved seven placements in Miss Earth.

The current titleholder is Shuntell Ezomo.
Sarkoni railway station
Sarkoni railway station (station code SIQ) is located in Sarkoni, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

This station is part of Northern Railway Zone's Lucknow NR Division and the Varanasi-Sultanpur-Lucknow line via Jaunpur. It is also part of the Varanasi-Lucknow line and Varanasi-Rae Bareli-Lucknow line.

This station is a category (NSG 6) in Northern Railway.

Lucknow NR railway division
Lucknow NR railway division is one of the six railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 23 April 1867 and its headquarters are located at Lucknow in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Delhi railway division, Firozpur railway division, Ambala railway division and Moradabad railway division are the other railway divisions under NR Zone headquartered at New Delhi.
Johnny Marzetti
Johnny Marzetti, sometimes called Johnny Mazetti, John Mazzeti, or Joe Mazetti, is an American casserole dish in the cuisine of the Midwestern United States prepared with pasta, ground beef and vegetables, typically in a tomato sauce, and topped with cheese before baking.

It has been described as a signature dish of Columbus, Ohio. It is similar to American goulash and chili mac.

Chili mac
Chili mac is a dish prepared using chili con carne and macaroni as primary ingredients, which is often topped or intermingled with cheese. Some versions are made using prepared or homemade macaroni and cheese. It is a common dish in the cuisine of the Midwestern United States, and is also popular in other areas of the United States.

Several variations of the dish exist, and prepared canned and boxed versions also exist. It can be a relatively inexpensive dish to prepare, and has been described as a comfort food. Similar dishes include spaghetti red, a chili-topped spaghetti popular around Joplin, Missouri, and Cincinnati chili.
Electra complex
In neo-Freudian psychology, the Electra complex, as proposed by Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Carl Jung in his Theory of Psychoanalysis, is a girl's psychosexual competition with her mother for possession of her father. In the course of her psychosexual development, the complex is the girl's phallic stage; a boy's analogous experience is the Oedipus complex. The Electra complex occurs in the third—phallic stage (ages 3–6)—of five psychosexual development stages:  the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital—in which the source of libido pleasure is in a different erogenous zone of the infant's body.

The idea of the Electra complex is not widely used by mental health professionals today. There is little empirical evidence for it, as the theory's predictions do not match scientific observations of child development. It is not listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Psychosexual development
In psychoanalysis, psychosexual development is a central element of the sexual drive theory. According to Sigmund Freud, personality develops through a series of childhood stages in which pleasure-seeking energies from the child become focused on certain erogenous areas. An erogenous zone is characterized as an area of the body that is particularly sensitive to stimulation. The five psychosexual stages are the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital. The erogenous zone associated with each stage serves as a source of pleasure. Being unsatisfied at any particular stage can result in fixation. On the other hand, being satisfied can result in a healthy personality. Sigmund Freud proposed that if the child experienced frustration at any of the psychosexual developmental stages, they would experience anxiety that would persist into adulthood as a neurosis, a functional mental disorder.
Nephelauxetic effect
The nephelauxetic effect is a term used in the inorganic chemistry of transition metals. It refers to a decrease in the Racah interelectronic repulsion parameter, given the symbol B, that occurs when a transition-metal free ion forms a complex with ligands. The name "nephelauxetic" comes from the Greek for cloud-expanding and was proposed by the Danish inorganic chemist C. K. Jorgensen. The presence of this effect highlights the disadvantages of crystal field theory, which treats metal-ligand interactions as purely electrostatic, since the nephelauxetic effect reveals the covalent character in the metal-ligand interaction.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
9971 Ishihara
9971 Ishihara (prov. designation: 1993 HS) is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) in diameter. It was discovered by Japanese amateur astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at Kitami Observatory on 16 April 1993, and named after Takahiro Ishihara, president of the astronomical society at Hiroshima.

Flora family
The Flora family (adj. Florian; FIN: 402; also known as the Ariadne family) is a prominent family of stony asteroids located in the inner region of the asteroid belt. It is one of the largest families with more than 13,000 known members, or approximately 3.5% of all main-belt asteroids.

The origin and properties of this family are relatively poorly understood. It is a very broad family which gradually fades into the surrounding background population. While the largest members, 8 Flora and 43 Ariadne, are located near the edge, there are several distinct groupings within the family, possibly created by later, secondary collisions. Due to this complex internal structure and the poorly defined boundaries, the Flora family has also been described as an asteroid clan. Only a few interlopers have been identified. This family may be the source of the impactor that formed the Chicxulub crater, the likely culprit in the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Discrimination based on hair texture in the United States
In the United States, discrimination based on hair texture is a form of social injustice that has been predominantly experienced by African Americans and predates the founding of the country.

In the 21st century, multiple states and local governments have passed laws that prohibit such discrimination. California was the first state to do so in 2019 with the CROWN (Create a Respectful and Open Workplace for Natural Hair) Act (SB 188). As of December 2025, twenty-seven states have passed similar legislation and two others have enacted executive orders, but there is no equivalent law at the federal level. A federal CROWN act was proposed in 2020, and was passed by the House of Representatives but not the Senate. Another bill was introduced in the House of Representatives in 2021; it was approved by the House in 2022, and awaits consideration in the Senate.

Discrimination based on hair texture
Discrimination based on hair texture, also known as textureism, is a form of social injustice, where afro-textured hair or coarse hair types, and their associated hair styles, are viewed negatively, often perceived as unprofessional, unattractive, or unclean. This view can lead, for example, to some school students being excluded from class.
SS Empire Eve
Empire Eve was a 5,979 GRT CAM ship that was built in 1941 by William Pickersgill & Sons Ltd, Sunderland, Co Durham, United Kingdom for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). She served until 1943, when she was torpedoed and sunk by U-414 off Algeria.

German submarine U-414
German submarine U-414 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 14 June 1941 by Danziger Werft, Danzig as yard number 115, launched on 25 March 1942 and commissioned on 1 July 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Walther Huth.
Bachelor of Eastern Medicine and Surgery
Bachelor of Eastern Medicine and Surgery (BEMS) or Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery (BUMS) is a bachelor's degree in Unani medicine and surgery awarded upon graduation from medical school by universities in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and in South Africa as BCM Complementary Medicine: Unani Tibb.

Unani medicine
Unani or Yunani medicine (Urdu: طب یونانی tibb yūnānī) is Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia. Unani medicine is pseudoscientific.

The term Yūnānī means 'Greek', referring to the fact that the Perso-Arabic system of medicine was based on the teachings of the Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen.

The Hellenistic origin of Unani medicine is still visible in its being based on the classical four humours: phlegm (balgham), blood (dam), yellow bile (ṣafrā) and black bile (saudā'), but it has also been influenced by Indian and Chinese traditional systems.
Algorithmic Combinatorics on Partial Words
Algorithmic Combinatorics on Partial Words is a book in the area of combinatorics on words, and more specifically on partial words. It was written by Francine Blanchet-Sadri, and published in 2007 by Chapman & Hall/CRC in their Discrete Mathematics and its Applications book series.

Partial word
In computer science and the study of combinatorics on words, a partial word is a string that may contain a number of "do not know" or "do not care" symbols i.e. placeholders in the string where the symbol value is not known or not specified.  More formally, a partial word is a partial function  where  is some finite alphabet.  If u(k) is not defined for some  then the unknown element at place k in the string is called a "hole". In regular expressions (following the POSIX standard) a hole is represented by the metacharacter ".". For example, aab.ab.b is a partial word of length 8 over the alphabet A ={a,b} in which the fourth and seventh characters are holes.
Primitive ring
In the branch of abstract algebra known as ring theory, a left primitive ring is a ring which has a faithful simple left module. Well known examples include endomorphism rings of vector spaces and Weyl algebras over fields of characteristic zero.

Module (mathematics)
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a (not necessarily commutative) ring. The concept of a module also generalizes the notion of an abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers.

Like a vector space, a module is an additive abelian group, and scalar multiplication is distributive over the operations of addition between elements of the ring or module and is compatible with the ring multiplication.

Modules are very closely related to the representation theory of groups. They are also one of the central notions of commutative algebra and homological algebra, and are used widely in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology.