hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Unstable DNA sequence
Unstable DNA sequence are segments of genetic material that exhibit high rates of mutation or variation over time, resulting in significant genetic diversity within populations or even individual organisms.

Such sequences are found in various regions of the genome, including both coding and non-coding regions. They are characterized by their propensity to change through mechanisms such as trinucleotide repeat expansion, slipped strand mispairing, or unequal crossing over during meiosis. Instability in such sequences is found to have a causative association with a wide variety of genetic disorders, making it an important area of investigation in genetics and molecular biology. The instability of DNA is also harnessed in scientific research and forensic science, particularly in the form of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) and short tandem repeats (STRs) analysis, which are used for DNA profiling and studying genetic relatedness.

DNA profiling
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding.

DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. It is also used in paternity testing, to establish immigration eligibility, and in genealogical and medical research. DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture. DNA profiling was discovered by British geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984 while he was working at the University of Leicester. He developed the technique of genetic fingerprinting by realizing that some regions of DNA have highly variable repetitive sequences that are unique to each individual.
Alberta Diploma Exam
Alberta Diploma Exams are standardized tests taken by Alberta and Nunavut students in grade 12. The government instituted the examinations through Alberta Education to attain greater accountability and ensure its students were well regarded when applying to tertiary institutions. Tests may be administered in English or French. Alberta, out of all Canadian provinces has the most standardized testing procedure of any province.

The Diploma Examinations are taken by students enrolled in 30-1 and 30-2 level courses. Results of the diplomas are an important factor in admissions to universities and colleges across Canada as exam results make up 30% of the course grade for 30-level subjects.

Standardized testing is controversial in general, and Alberta is not an exception. The Alberta Teacher's Association is formally against standardized testing.

Ministry of Education (Alberta)
Alberta Education (also known as the Ministry of Education) is the Albertan ministry responsible for early childhood education, primary education, and secondary education in Alberta.  This is one of the original portfolios in the Government of Alberta: the first Minister of Education was part of the original cabinet in 1905, and that title existed continuously until 1999.  The ministry was briefly merged with Alberta Advanced Education to form Alberta Learning from 1999 to 2004, but was recreated under its original name in 2004.
Richard Gibson (priest)
Christianity portal

Richard Hudson Gibson was Archdeacon of Suffolk from  1892 to 1901.

Gibson was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1851, his first posts were curacies at St Martin at Palace, Norwich then St Mary, Rickinghall Superior.  He was the incumbent at St James, East Cowes from 1864 to 1868 when he became Rector of Lound, a post he held for the rest of his life. He was Rural Dean of Lothingland from 1874 until his appointment as Archdeacon.

He died on 19 January 1904.

Archdeacon of Suffolk
The Archdeacon of Suffolk is a senior cleric in the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich.

The archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy in the territory of the archdeaconry.
Isaac Puente battalion
The Isaac Puente battalion (Basque: Isaac Puente Batailoia) was a battalion of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) from the Basque Country which was active during the Spanish Civil War from September 1936 to October 1937. It was named after Isaac Puente and was nº 3 of the Milicias Antifascistas de la CNT and nº 11 of the Euzko Gudarostea. The battalion participated in the Villarreal Offensive, the Vizcaya Campaign, the Battle of Santander, the Asturias Campaign and the Battle of El Mazuco.

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT; lit. 'National Confederation of Labor') is a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist trade union confederation.

Founded in 1910 in Barcelona from groups brought together by the trade union Solidaridad Obrera, it significantly expanded the role of anarchism in Spain, which can be traced to the creation of the Spanish chapter of the IWA in 1870 and its successor organization, the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region. Despite several decades when the organization was illegal in Spain, the CNT continues to participate in the Spanish worker's movement, focusing its efforts on the principles of workers' self-management, federalism, and mutual aid.

Historically affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT), in 2018, the CNT and other unions founded the International Confederation of Labour (ICL-CIT).
Tooth fusion
Tooth fusion (also known as syndontia or double teeth) occurs when two separate tooth germs fuse to form one tooth. The fusion may be complete (involves crown and root) or partial (involves only the crown), depending on the stage of tooth development when the teeth started to fuse. Tooth fusion is difficult to distinguish from tooth gemination, thus, both conditions are often referred to together as “double teeth”.

Double teeth can cause other dental problems such as crowding, ectopic eruption of adjacent teeth, gum issues, cavities, malocclusion, poor esthetics, and more. Treatment depends on whether the tooth is a primary or permanent tooth, the degree of fusion, and its functional & esthetic impact.

Human tooth development
Tooth development or odontogenesis is the complex process by which teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth. For human teeth to have a healthy oral environment, all parts of the tooth must develop during appropriate stages of fetal development. Primary (baby) teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth week of prenatal development, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth week. If teeth do not start to develop at or near these times, they will not develop at all, resulting in hypodontia or anodontia.

A significant amount of research has focused on determining the processes that initiate tooth development. It is widely accepted that there is a factor within the tissues of the first pharyngeal arch that is necessary for the development of teeth.
Web cleaning
Web cleaning is a process used in industrial production to remove dust, fibres and other loose particles from moving webs or sheets. It is applied in the manufacturing and converting of paper, corrugated board, film, glass, nonwovens, tissue and other substrates, as well as in electronics manufacturing, such as printed circuit boards, semiconductor components and electronic assemblies, to prevent defects during assembly or downstream processing operations.

Float glass
Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal of a low melting point, typically tin, although lead was used for the process in the past. This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and a very flat surface. The float glass process is also known as the Pilkington process, named after the British glass manufacturer Pilkington, which pioneered the technique in the 1950s at their production site in St Helens, Merseyside.

Modern windows are usually made from float glass, though Corning Incorporated uses the overflow downdraw method.

Most float glass is soda–lime glass, although relatively minor quantities of specialty borosilicate and flat panel display glass are also produced using the float glass process.
Busy Bee Starski
David James Parker (born October 26, 1962), known by the stage name Busy Bee, is an American old-school hip hop musician from New York, NY. First coming on the New York City music scene in 1977, Busy Bee worked with many of hip-hop's founding fathers, including Melle Mel, Disco King Mario, Afrika Bambaataa, and Kool DJ AJ.

Melle Mel
Melvin Glover (born May 15, 1961), better known by his stage name Grandmaster Melle Mel or simply Melle Mel (/ˈmɛli mɛl/), is an American rapper who was the lead vocalist and songwriter of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five.
The Outlaws (2017 film)
The Outlaws, also written as The Roundup: The Outlaws, (Korean: 범죄도시; lit. Crime City) is a 2017 South Korean crime action film written and directed by Kang Yoon-sung, and starring Ma Dong-seok, and Yoon Kye-sang. It was released on October 3, 2017. Set in 2004, the film revolves around Detective Ma Seok-do, who tries to control the gang-wars between Chinese-Korean gangs while also dealing with a ruthless loan shark named Jang-Chen.

The film is based on a May 2004 incident in the Chinatown of Garibong-dong, Guro District, Seoul when 14 Chinese-Koreans from the "Wang Geon-i faction" were arrested on charges of attempted murder, and an April 2007 incident in which 7 members of the Yanbian organization "Heuksa-pa", also based in the Garibong-dong, were arrested and 26 were indicted without detention.

The Outlaws is the first installment of The Roundup series. It was followed by three sequels: The Roundup (2022), The Roundup: No Way Out (2023), and The Roundup: Punishment (2024).

The Roundup: No Way Out
The Roundup: No Way Out (Korean: 범죄도시3; RR: Beomjoedosi3) is a 2023 South Korean action crime film directed by Lee Sang-yong, starring Ma Dong-seok, Lee Joon-hyuk and Munetaka Aoki. It is the third installment of The Roundup series and the sequel to The Roundup (2022). The film is based on a real-life 2017–2018 illegal drug smuggling case in South Korea involving methamphetamine, which was caught through a collaborative effort of South Korea, Japan and Taiwan.

The Roundup: No Way Out was released theatrically on May 31, 2023. A sequel, The Roundup: Punishment, was screened at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival on February 23, 2024.
Wylam Bridge
Wylam Bridge is a road bridge in Northumberland, England linking the residential area of North Wylam and neighbouring villages of Heddon-on-the-Wall, and Horsley with the railway station in South Wylam as well as west Gateshead, including the villages of Ryton and Crawcrook.

Wylam
Wylam /ˈwaɪləm/ is a village and civil parish in the county of Northumberland, England. It is located about 10 miles (16 km) west of Newcastle upon Tyne.

It is famous for the being the birthplace of George Stephenson, one of the early railway pioneers. George Stephenson's Birthplace, his cottage, can be found on the north bank of the Tyne 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village. It is owned by the National Trust.

Wylam has further connections with the early railway pioneers. The steam locomotive engineer Timothy Hackworth, who worked with Stephenson, was also born here. William Hedley who was born in the nearby village of Newburn attended the village school. He later went on to design and manufacture Puffing Billy in 1813, two years before George Stephenson produced his first locomotive Blücher. Christopher Blackett as lord of the manor in the first 30 years of the 19th century provided the entrepreneurial drive that encouraged these engineers.
Black Methodism in the United States
Black Methodism in the United States is the Methodist tradition within the Black Church, largely consisting of congregations in the African Methodist Episcopal (AME), African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AME Zion or AMEZ), Christian Methodist Episcopal denominations, as well as those African American congregations in other Methodist denominations, such as the Free Methodist Church.

African Americans were drawn to Methodism due to the father of Methodism, John Wesley's "opposition to the whole system of slavery, his commitment to Jesus Christ, and the evangelical appeal to the suffering and the oppressed."

Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
The Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (CME Church) is a Methodist denomination that is based in the United States. It adheres to Wesleyan-Arminian theology. Though historically a part of the black church, the Christian Methodist Episcopal church membership has evolved to include all racial backgrounds.
Exstream Software
Exstream Software is a document management company based in Lexington, Kentucky, founded by Davis Marksbury and Dan Kloiber in 1998.

The company's principal product is the Exstream software platform, which enterprise clients use to create, manage and deliver both electronic and print deliverables to customers and clients.

Document management system
A document management system (DMS) is usually a computerized system used to store, share, track and manage files or documents. Some systems include history tracking where a log of the various versions created and modified by different users is recorded. The term has some overlap with the concepts of content management systems. It is often viewed as a component of enterprise content management (ECM) systems and related to digital asset management, document imaging, workflow systems and records management systems.
Princess Maria Bona of Savoy-Genoa
Princess Bona of Savoy-Genoa, later Princess Bona of Bavaria (Maria Bona Margherita Albertina Vittoria; 1 August 1896 – 2 February 1971) was the daughter of Prince Tommaso, Duke of Genoa, and Princess Isabella of Bavaria.

Princess Isabella of Bavaria
Princess Isabella of Bavaria (Marie Elisabeth Luise Amalie Elvire Blanche Eleonore; 31 August 1863 – 26 February 1924) was the third child and eldest daughter of Prince Adalbert of Bavaria and his wife Infanta Amalia of Spain. By her marriage to Prince Tommaso, Duke of Genoa, she became referred to as the Duchess of Genoa.
2005 Australian Grand Prix
The 2005 Australian Grand Prix (officially the 2005 Formula 1 Foster's Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit on 6 March 2005. It was the first round of the 2005 Formula One season. The 58-lap race was won by Renault driver Giancarlo Fisichella after he started from pole position. Rubens Barrichello finished second for the Ferrari team and Fisichella's team-mate Fernando Alonso came in third.

This race marked the debut of Red Bull Racing; the team was bought and previously known as Jaguar Racing.

Albert Park Circuit
The Albert Park Circuit is a motorsport street circuit around Albert Park Lake in the suburb of Albert Park in Melbourne. It is used annually as a circuit for the Formula One Australian Grand Prix, the supporting Supercars Championship Melbourne SuperSprint and other associated support races. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 licence.

Although the entire track consists of normally public roads, each sector includes medium to high-speed characteristics more commonly associated with dedicated racetracks facilitated by grass and gravel run-off safety zones that are reconstructed annually. However, the circuit also has characteristics of a street circuit's enclosed nature due to concrete barriers annually built along the Lakeside Drive curve, in particular, where run-off is not available due to the proximity of the lake shore.
Third Scutari-Ottoman War
The Third Scutari-Ottoman War (Albanian: Lufta e Tretë Shkodrano-Otomane; Turkish: Üçüncü İşkodra-Osmanlı Savaşı) was a war fought between 1830 and 1831 between the Ottoman Empire and primarily the Pashalik of Scutari. The war marked the final confrontation between Scutari and the Sublime Porte, resulting in the dissolution of the Pashalik of Scutari and the end of Bushati rule over most of northern Albania.

Pashalik of Scutari
The Pashalik of Scutari (1757–1831), also known as the Bushati Pashalik, was an Albanian pashalik within the Ottoman Empire that was ruled by the Bushati family. Its capital was Shkodër and ruled areas in modern-day Albania and large majority of modern-day Montenegro.

At its peak, during the reign of Kara Mahmud Bushati, the pashalik encompassed much of Albania and Kosovo, western Macedonia, southeastern Serbia, and most of Montenegro. Up to 1830, the Pashalik of Shkodra controlled most of the aforementioned lands (including southern Montenegro).
Konstantin Makarov
Konstantin Valentinovich Makarov (Russian: Константи́н Валенти́нович Мака́ров, 18 June 1931 – 3 August 2011) was a Soviet Navy admiral of the fleet who served as the Chief of the Main Staff and First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy from 1985 to 1992.

Admiral of the fleet (Soviet Union)
The rank of admiral of the fleet or fleet admiral (Russian: адмирал флота, romanized: admiral flota) was the highest naval rank of the Soviet Union from 1940 to 1955 and second-highest from 1962 to 1991.

It was first created by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in 1940 as an equivalent to general of the army, but it was not used until 1944, when Ivan Isakov and Nikolai Kuznetsov were promoted to the rank.

The rank was abolished on 3 March 1955 with the establishment of the rank of admiral of the fleet of the Soviet Union. It was restored in 1962 as the second-highest navy rank.

The rank has been retained by the Russian Federation after 1991.
Groningen Europapark railway station
Groningen Europapark (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣroːnɪŋən øːˈroːpaːˌpɑr(ə)k, -ŋə ʔøː-]; abbreviation: Gerp) is an unstaffed railway station in Groningen in the Netherlands. It is situated on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between Groningen and Kropswolde and on the Meppel–Groningen railway between Haren and Groningen. It was opened in 2007 and rebuilt in 2012. Local train services are operated by Arriva and Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

Haren (NL) railway station
Haren is a railway station located in Haren, Netherlands. The current station was opened on 29 September 1968 and is located on the Meppel–Groningen railway. Train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

A previous railway station serviced Haren between 1 May 1870, when the Meppel–Groningen railway line was opened, and 15 May 1936. The line was operated at the time by the Company for the Exploitation of the State Railways. The former station was closed because of its distance to the village. The new station, at a new location, was opened in 1968 after a new neighbourhood was built near the railway line.
Rhiannon Pearce
Rhiannon Kate Pearce is an Australian politician. She has been a Labor member of the South Australian House of Assembly since the 2022 state election, representing King. With a swing of 3.5 per cent, she defeated the incumbent Liberal Party member, Paula Luethen. In March 2022 she was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to the Deputy Premier, Susan Close, and, in a Cabinet reshuffle on 19 September 2025, was appointed Minister for Emergency Services and Correctional Services and Minister for Recreation, Sport and Racing.

Paula Luethen
Paula Maria Luethen is an Australian politician. She was a Liberal member of the South Australian House of Assembly from the 2018 state election, representing King, until she lost it at the 2022 state election.

Luethen was a City of Tea Tree Gully councillor before her election to state parliament.

During her maiden speech in parliament, she spoke of domestic violence and being a victim of child sexual abuse in her past.
Kåre Garnes
Kåre Garnes (born 8 November 1954 in Bergen, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (upright bass), known for his collaborations with Bergen jazz legends like Dag Arnesen, Knut Kristiansen, Per Jørgensen, Olav Dale and Ole Thomsen, and in a series of Norwegian jazz bands.

Per Jørgensen
Per Jørgensen (born 9 September 1952) is a Norwegian multi-instrumentalist with trumpet as his main instrument, also known for his vocal contributions, in collaboration with Dag Arnesen, Knut Kristiansen, Alex Riel, Jon Christensen, Jon Balke, Audun Kleive, Jan Gunnar Hoff, Marilyn Mazur, Nils Petter Molvær, Bugge Wesseltoft, and Terje Isungset.
Pushbutton
Pushbutton was a UK-based digital agency specialising in designing, developing, and delivering interactive television.  Pushbutton was acquired by Amazon.com on 28 July 2011 and many of its staff are now members of Amazon Development Centre (London) Ltd.

Interactive television
Interactive television is a form of media convergence, adding data services to traditional television technology. It has included on-demand delivery of content, online shopping, and viewer polls. Interactive TV is an example of how new information technology can be integrated vertically into established technologies and commercial structures.
Chevrolet Corvette GTP
The Chevrolet Corvette GTP was an American Grand Touring Prototype-class sports prototype racing car which successfully participated in the IMSA Camel GT from 1984 until 1989. The car was professionally fielded in competition as General Motors' Chevrolet Corvette C4 official factory team effort in the IMSA GTP class.

Chevrolet Corvette (C4)
The Chevrolet Corvette (C4) is the fourth generation of the Corvette sports car, produced by American automobile manufacturer Chevrolet from 1983 until 1996. The convertible returned, as did higher performance engines, exemplified by the 375 hp (280 kW) LT5 found in the ZR1. In early March 1990, the ZR1 would set new records for the highest average speed over 24 hours at over 175 mph (282 km/h) and highest average speed over 5,000 miles at over 173 mph (278 km/h). With a completely new chassis, modern sleeker styling, and other improvements to the model, prices rose and sales declined. The last C4 was produced on June 20, 1996.
Cycling Embassy of Denmark
The Cycling Embassy of Denmark (CED) is a Danish network organization dedicated to the promotion of cycling as a means of transportation and Denmark as a cycling nation by capitalizing on the deep rooted Danish cycling culture to offer solutions to urban planners across Europe and the world in the areas of urban planning, bicycle infrastructure development, and cycling promotion.

Cycling in Denmark
Cycling in Denmark is both a common and popular recreational and utilitarian activity. Bicycling infrastructure is a dominant feature of both city and countryside infrastructure with segregated dedicated bicycle paths and lanes in many places and  the network of 11 Danish National Cycle Routes (along with many regional routes) extends more than 12,000 kilometres (7,500 mi) nationwide. Often bicycling and bicycle culture in Denmark is compared to the Netherlands as a bicycle-nation.
Still Life (Opeth album)
Still Life is the fourth studio album by Swedish progressive metal band Opeth. It was produced and engineered by Opeth alongside Fredrik Nordström, and released on 18 October 1999 through Peaceville Records. It was the only Opeth album to be released through Peaceville, following the band's departure from Candlelight and Century Black after the release of My Arms, Your Hearse, and the first album to feature Martin Mendez.

My Arms, Your Hearse
My Arms, Your Hearse is the third studio album by Swedish progressive metal band Opeth, released in August 1998. It was the band's first album to be released simultaneously in Europe, through Candlelight Records, and in the United States, through Century Black.