hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Genus (philosophy)
In term logic, a genus is one of the predicables; it is that part of a definition which is also predicable of other things different from the definiendum. E.g., figure in the definition: A triangle is a rectilinear figure. In fixing the genus of a thing, we subsume it under a higher universal, of which it is a species.

Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.
Steven Croft (bishop)
Steven John Lindsey Croft (born 29 May 1957) is a British bishop in the Church of England and a theologian specialising in mission. He has been Bishop of Oxford since the confirmation of his election on 6 July 2016. He was the Bishop of Sheffield from 2008 to 2016; previously he was Archbishops' Missioner and Team Leader of Fresh Expressions, a joint Church of England and Methodist initiative. He falls within the open evangelical tradition of Anglicanism.

Canonical election
A canonical election, in the canon law of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, is the designation of a suitable candidate to a vacant ecclesiastical office by a vote of a collegial body. One example for a canonical election would be the election of a pope by the cardinals in the conclave.

Usually confirmation of the election by a competent authority is required. The competent authority cannot withhold confirmation if the designated candidate is canonically suitable for the office and the election has been conducted validly.
Bryconops hexalepis
Bryconops hexalepis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Iguanodectidae. This species is found in the rivers of Brazil. It is solely found in the drainage of the Rio Tocantins. Rather elongate and quite slender, it is considered one of the smaller species of its genus, with tall scales and large eyes.

The specific name "hexalepis" means "six scales". This is in reference to the number of scales above its lateral line, which is indeed six. In contrast, other members of the genus all have 7-10 scales therein, which offers a good baseline defining trait for identification.

Iguanodectidae
Iguanodectidae is a family of freshwater fish in the order Characiformes that lives in South America. It contains three genera: Iguanodectes, Piabucus, and Bryconops. Several species in the family, such as the green line lizard tetra (Iguanodectes spilurus), the tailspot tetra (Bryconops caudomaculatus), and the orangefin tetra (Bryconops affinis), are sometimes taken as aquarium fish.
Richmond Mall
Richmond Mall, formerly Richmond Square Mall, is a shopping mall in Richmond, Indiana, United States. Opened in 1964, the mall features two anchor stores: Dillard's and Dunham's Sports, with two vacant anchors previously occupied by JCPenney and OfficeMax. Hull Property Group is manager and owner of the mall.

Hull Property Group
Hull Property Group is a shopping mall management company based in Augusta, Georgia. It was founded in 1977. The company owns, manages, and re-develops shopping malls in relatively small communities, mainly in the south and mid-west United States.
Mahabir Pun
Dr. Mahabir Pun (Nepali: महावीर पुन, pronounced [maːbir pun]) is a Nepalese scientist, politician, researcher, teacher, social entrepreneur and an activist who served as the Minister of Education, Science and Technology in the interim government after anti-government Gen Z protests. He is standing in election from Myagdi 1.

Pun is known for his work in applying wireless technologies to develop remote areas of the Himalayas, also known as the Nepal Wireless Networking Project. He is a widely known figure in Nepal, and his work has been recognised by the Ashoka Foundation, the Ramon Magsaysay Foundation, University of Nebraska at Kearney, and Global Ideas Bank.

Ramon Magsaysay Award
The Ramon Magsaysay Award (Filipino: Gawad Ramon Magsaysay) is an annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society. The prize was established in April 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City with the concurrence of the Philippine government. It is often called the "Nobel Prize of Asia".
Azza Ghanmi
Azza Ghanmi is a Tunisian feminist and activist engaged in the advancement of women's rights in Tunisia.

In 1978, Ghanmi was a co-founder of Club d'Etude de la Condition de la Femme at the Club Tahar Haddad. Then, in 1985, she became a founding member of Nissa a small association of women, from diverse backgrounds, who published a feminist magazine of the same name, between 1985 and 1987. In her advocacy, Ghanmi aligns with the l’Association des Femmes Africaines pour la Recherche et le Développement (AFARD)  / Association of African Women for Research and Development (AAWORD). She also promotes Tunisia's compliance with the International Convention for the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), to which Tunisia became a signatory in 1985. In 1993, Ghanmi published Le Mouvement Féministe Tunisien, a chronological record and commentary on events of the Tunisian feminist movement of the 1980s.

Association of African Women for Research and Development
The Association of African Women for Research and Development (AAWORD) / Association des Femmes Africaines pour la Recherche et le Développement (AFARD) is an African feminist organization established in Dakar in December 1977. The "first intellectual feminist organization to denounce the living conditions of African women", AAWORD/AFARD "brought together female African intellectuals to promote equal rights between men and women at the continental level and contributed greatly to the advancement of the status of African women".
Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology
Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology, formerly Periyar Maniammai College of Technology for Women and Periyar Maniammai University (PMU), is a private deemed-to-be university headquarters is in the town of Vallam in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. The campus is on 115 acres (47 ha) 45 km (28 mi) east of Tiruchirapalli and 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Thanjavur.

Deemed university
In India, a deemed university or deemed-to-be-university is an accreditation granted to higher educational institutions by the Ministry of Education under The Section 3 of University Grants Commission Act 1956. According to the ministry's definition, the accreditation indicates, "an Institution of higher education, other than universities, working at a very high standard in specific area of study" and the accreditation grants "the academic status and privileges of a university". According to the UGC  section 3  "The expression 'University' means a University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act, a Provincial Act or a State Act, and includes any such institution as may, in consultation with the University concerned, be recognized by the Commission in accordance with the regulations made in this behalf under this Act."
Clooney, Bunratty Upper
Clooney (Irish: Cluaine) is a civil parish of County Clare, Ireland, located to the northeast of Ennis, south of Inchicronan. The area is marshy, with the Oysterman's Marsh Natural Heritage Area in the vicinity. Clooney-Quin GAA is a GAA club for the Catholic parish of Clooney and Quin.

Crusheen (Inchicronan)
Crusheen (Irish: Croisín), formerly called Inchicronan (Irish: Inse Chrónáin), is a civil parish in County Clare, Ireland. There is also a catholic parish Crusheen, covering the same area.
The parish lies to the northeast of Ennis. It contains the villages of Crusheen and Ballinruan.
× Burrageara
× Burrageara, abbreviated Burr. in the horticultural trade, is the nothogenus for intergeneric hybrids between the orchid genera Cochlioda, Miltonia, Odontoglossum and Oncidium (Cda. × Milt. × Odm. × Onc.). It was grown for the first time by the American Albert Burrage in 1927, and named after him.

In recent years the botanical classification of many orchid genera have been changed. In Genera Orchidacearum (AM Pridgeon, PJ Cribb, FN Rasmussen, MW Chase) the genera Cochlioda and Odontoglossum have mostly been merged to Oncidium. Five species of the original Miltonia now belong to Miltoniopsis. The result is that most of the x Burrageara hybrids should be called x Oncidopsis (Miltoniopsis x Oncidium) or x Miltonidium (Miltonia x Oncidium).

Oncidium
Oncidium is a genus of about 370 species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It is distributed across tropical and subtropical America from Mexico, Central America and the West Indies to northern Argentina, with one species (O. ensatum) extending into Florida. Common names for plants in this genus include dancing-lady orchid.

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2009 labeled the Oncidium alliance "grossly polyphyletic." In the same year, the American Orchid Society labeled the genus a "dumping ground". A consensus announced in April 2013 resulted in major taxonomic changes to Oncidium, Gomesa, Odontoglossum, Miltonia, and others. Much of this debate and subsequent housekeeping was initiated by significant research for the scientific publication Genera Orchidacearum Volume 5. One significant change is the move of most Brazilian Oncidium with a fused lateral sepal to the genus Gomesa.
Merck Mercuriadis
Merck Mercuriadis (born October 2, 1963) is a British-Canadian music industry executive, artist manager, and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chairman of Hipgnosis Song Management; the founder of Hipgnosis Songs Fund; and the founder of Hipgnosis Songs Capital (in partnership with Blackstone).

Mercuriadis has managed artists including Nile Rodgers, Beyoncé, Elton John, Guns N' Roses, Iron Maiden, Morrissey, Pet Shop Boys, Macy Gray, Mary J. Blige, Joss Stone, Jane's Addiction, and Catherine Wheel. He served as the director and CEO of Sanctuary Group PLC from 1986 to 2007.

Blackstone Inc.
Blackstone Inc. is an American alternative investment management company based in New York City. It was founded in 1985 as a mergers and acquisitions firm by Peter Peterson and Stephen Schwarzman, who had previously worked together at Lehman Brothers. Blackstone's private equity business has been one of the largest investors in leveraged buyouts in the last three decades, while its real estate business has actively acquired commercial real estate across the globe. Blackstone is also active in credit, infrastructure, hedge funds, secondaries, growth equity, and insurance solutions. As of September 30, 2025, Blackstone has $1.2 trillion in total assets under management, making it the world's largest alternative investment firm.
2012 Tanzania Music Awards
The 13th edition of the Tanzania Music Awards took place at the Mlimani City Conference Center in Dar es Salaam, on Saturday 14 April 2012. The event was hosted by Vanessa Mdee and Millard Ayo. The nominees were announced on 8 February 2012 with Bongo Flava artist Diamond Platnumz topping the list with seven nominations. Two days later, four-time nominee Dully Sykes announced his withdrawal from the event. He stated that 'it does not contribute to my growth whatsoever, and this contest is full of lies'. After leaving the 2011 Tanzania Music Awards empty-handed, Diamond Platnumz made a strong return in 2012, winning three awards, including Best Male Artist and Best Video.

Tanzania Music Awards
Tanzania Music Awards are national music awards held annually in Tanzania. They are also known as the Kilimanjaro Music Awards or the Kili Music Awards after their sponsor (Kilimanjaro Premium Lager). The awards were established in 1999 by the National Arts Council (BASATA) under the Tanzanian Ministry of Education and Culture.
Joshua Stander
Joshua Trevor Stander (born 1 January 1994) is a South African professional rugby union player for the Stormers in Super Rugby and Western Province in the Currie Cup and in the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is fly-half.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Sofia Trimarco
Sofia Marilú Trimarco (born 11 February 1999 in Buccino) is an Italian beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universo Italia 2019. She will represent Italy at the Miss Universe 2019 competition.

Miss Universo Italia
Miss Universe Italy is a national pageant that currently selects the Italian representative for the Miss Universe pageant. The pageant was first organized in 1951 and it is not related to Miss Italia, although some delegates have crossed over from one format to the other throughout the years.
Lisfranc ligament
The Lisfranc ligament is one of several ligaments which connects the medial cuneiform bone to the second metatarsal. Sometimes, the term Lisfranc ligament refers specifically to the ligament that connects the superior, lateral surface of the medial cuneiform to the superior, medial surface of the base of the second metatarsal.

Metatarsal bones
The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (pl.: metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges (toes). Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (the side of the great toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal (often depicted with Roman numerals). The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The lengths of the metatarsal bones in humans are, in descending order, second, third, fourth, fifth, and first. A bovine hind leg has two metatarsals.
Lorenzo Fernández
Lorenzo Fernández (May 20, 1900 – November 16, 1973), nicknamed El Gallego (The Galician), was a Spanish-born Uruguayan footballer. During his career, he played for Capurro, River Plate, Montevideo Wanderers FC and C.A. Peñarol. Fernández also played 31 times and scored 4 goals for the Uruguay national football team, with which he won the 1930 FIFA World Cup, the gold medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics, and the 1926 and 1935 Copa Americas. A center-half in the 2–3–5 footballing system, he once replaced Pedro Cea as an inside-left forward against Peru during a match in 1929 South American Championship and went on to score a hat-trick.

Montevideo Wanderers F.C.
Montevideo Wanderers Fútbol Club, usually known simply as Wanderers, is a Uruguayan professional football club based in Montevideo. The club are currently members of the Primera División and play at the Estadio Viera. Beside football, the club also has teams playing basketball, volleyball, athletics, futsal, pool and pelota.
2012 Curaçao general election
General elections were held in Curaçao on 19 October 2012. Early elections for the Curaçao island council were necessary as the Cabinet-Schotte lost its majority in the Estates of Curaçao. The elections were the first of the Curaçao after obtaining the status of country (Dutch: land) within the Kingdom of the Netherlands upon the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010. The election saw six parties obtain one or more of the 21 seats, with Sovereign People and  Movement for the Future of Curaçao both winning five.

Movement for the Future of Curaçao
The Movement for the Future of Curaçao (Dutch: Beweging voor de Toekomst van Curaçao, Papiamento: Movementu Futuro Kòrsou, MFK) is a political party in Curaçao, founded by Gerrit Schotte in 2010, which has 13 of the 21 seats in the Parliament of Curaçao after the 2025 Curaçao election.

The party entered the island council of Curaçao (which became the Estates of Curaçao on 10 October 2010) after the general election of 27 August 2010 as the second largest party, winning 5 of 21 seats. Its leader Gerrit Schotte became the first Prime Minister of Curaçao in a coalition cabinet of MFK, PS and MAN. In March 2017 Gilmar Pisas became the second MFK prime minister of Curaçao.

In April 2017 party leader Schotte stated he wished to obtain independence for Curaçao. This was later walked back by Gilmar Pisas, Schotte's successor as leader.
Former First Baptist Church (Skowhegan, Maine)
The Former First Baptist Church is a historic church building at 37 Main Street in Skowhegan, Maine.  Built in 1842-44, this Greek Revival brick building is one of the few works attributable to a local master builder, Joseph Bigelow.  It was used as a church until 1919, after which it was used as a community center, and then a VFW hall until 2009.  It is (as of 2013) vacant, with plans to establish a performance and meeting venue; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Veterans of Foreign Wars
The Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), formally the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, is an organization of United States war veterans who fought in wars, campaigns, and expeditions on foreign land, waters, or airspace as military service members. Established on September 29, 1899, in Columbus, Ohio, the VFW is headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri. It was federally chartered in 1936.
Benjamin Kaufman
Benjamin Kaufman (March 10, 1894 – February 5, 1981) was a First Sergeant in the U.S. Army during World War I. He received the Medal of Honor and the Croix de Guerre for bravery in action in the Argonne Forest, France on October 4, 1918.

Forest of Argonne
The Forest of Argonne (French pronunciation: [aʁɡɔn] ⓘ) is a long strip of mountainous and wild woodland in northeastern France, approximately 200 km (120 mi) east of Paris. The forest measures roughly 65 km (40 mi) long and 15 km (9 mi) wide filled with many small hills and deep valleys formed by water run-off from the Aire and Aisne rivers rarely exceeding more than 200 m (650 ft) in elevation. Following the First World War, the landscape of the forest was forever changed as trench warfare led to parts of the forest being riddled with deep human-made trenches along with craters from explosives. The forest is bordered by the Meuse River on the west and rolling farmland and creeks to the east. The forest is largely oak, chestnut, and pine trees, and  ferns cover much of the forest floor. Common animal life consists of wild boar, red deer, roe deer, hares, rabbits, foxes, and wildcat.
Sukkah
A sukkah or succah (/ˈsʊkə/; Hebrew: סוכה [suˈka]; plural, סוכות [suˈkot] sukkot or sukkos or sukkoth, often translated as "booth") is a temporary hut constructed for use during the week-long Jewish festival of Sukkot. It is topped with branches and often well decorated with autumnal, harvest or Judaic themes.

The book of Vayikra (Leviticus) describes it as a symbolic wilderness shelter, commemorating the time God provided for the Israelites in the wilderness they inhabited after they were freed from slavery in Egypt.  It is common for Jews to eat, sleep and otherwise spend time in the sukkah. In Judaism, Sukkot is considered a joyous occasion and is referred to in Hebrew as Z'man Simchateinu (the time of our rejoicing), and the sukkah itself symbolizes the fragility and transience of life and one's dependence on God.

Etrog
Etrog (Hebrew: אֶתְרוֹג, plural: etrogim; Ashkenazi Hebrew: esrog, plural: esrogim), also spelled esrog is the yellow citron (Citrus medica) used by Jews during the weeklong holiday of Sukkot as one of the four species. Together with the lulav, hadass, and aravah, the etrog is taken in hand and held or waved during specific portions of the holiday prayers. Special care is often given to selecting an etrog for the performance of the Sukkot holiday rituals.
Logistic Air
Logistic Air is an airline that offers short and long-term aircraft leasing, including wet and dry leases.

In 2023, Logistic Air's parent company purchased then-defunct regional airline ExpressJet and planned to relaunch it as a charter airline using Logistic Air's aircraft.

Aircraft lease
Aircraft leases are leases used by airlines and other aircraft operators. Airlines lease aircraft from other airlines or leasing companies for two main reasons: to operate aircraft without the financial burden of buying them, as well as to provide temporary increase in capacity. The industry has two main leasing types: wet-leasing, which is normally used for short-term leasing, and dry-leasing which is more normal for longer-term leases. The industry also uses combinations of wet and dry. For example, when the aircraft is wet-leased to establish new services, then as the airline's flight or cabin crews become trained, they can be switched to a dry lease. In some markets, there may also be hybrid models, such as with crew provided by lessees.
Meio-Norte
The Meio-Norte (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmeju ˈnɔʁtʃi], mid-north) is one of the four sub-regions of Northeast Brazil, encompassing the territory of Maranhão and the western half of Piauí. The sub-region contains two of the nine capitals of the Northeast Brazil region, Teresina and São Luís. The Region is a climatic transition area located between the equatorial Amazon and semi-arid hinterlands.

Due to the region's great variation in the amount of rainfall, agriculture is limited to the cultivation of rice in Maranhão and the raising of cattle in Piauí, in areas of cerrado. Due to its climate, vegetation is typically composed of palm trees like babassu and carnauba (Forest of Cocais).

Due to the local diversity of plant species and the threat of deforestation caused by livestock grazing and plantation expansion, there is an action plan for the preservation of plant species in the region.

Maranhão
Maranhão (/ˌmɑːrəˈnjaʊn/, MAH-rə-NYOWN; Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [maɾɐˈɲɐ̃w] ⓘ) is a state in Brazil. Located in the country's Northeast Region, it has a population of about 7 million and an area of 332,000 km2 (128,000 sq mi) and it is divided into 217 municipalities. Clockwise from north, it borders on the Atlantic Ocean for 2,243 km and the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent within the common Northeastern Brazilian dialect. Maranhão is described in literary works such as Exile Song by Gonçalves Dias and Casa de Pensão by Aluísio Azevedo.

The dunes of Lençóis are an important area of environmental preservation. Also of interest is the state capital of São Luís, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Another important conservation area is the Parnaíba River delta, between the states of Maranhão and Piauí, with its lagoons, desert dunes and deserted beaches or islands, such as Caju island, which shelters rare birds.