hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Liga 3 (Indonesia) final
The 2024 Liga 3 final was the final of the 2023–24 Liga 3, the seventh season of the Liga 3 under the current name and the eighth season under the current league structure. The match was held at the Cibinong Mini Stadium in Bogor, Indonesia, on 7 Juny 2024 and was contested by Adhyaksa Farmel and Persibo.

Adhyaksa Farmel won the match, defeating Persibo 3–2 in extra time, after the match was drawn at 1–1 at the conclusion of regular time.

Liga Nusantara
Liga Nusantara (English: Archipelago League), officially known as PNM Liga Nusantara for sponsorship reasons, is the third-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia, organized by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). The competition started in 2014 after PSSI merged the previous competitions, Liga Indonesia Second Division and Liga Indonesia Third Division. The competition was previously organized in two phases, with the provincial phase operated by PSSI Provincial Associations, where each province held its own regional competition, followed by the national phase operated by PSSI, where the top teams from each province competed at the national level.

Starting from the 2024–25 season, the competition is organized on a national level with teams divided into several groups based on geographical factors and is now operated by the I-League.
Sports in Santiago, Cape Verde
The island of Santiago in Cape Verde in the middle of the Sotavento Islands is home to several teams and clubs.  The major professional clubs are Sporting Praia, Boavista Praia and CD Travadores, semi-pro teams includes Académica da Praia and Desportivo da Praia.  From its foundation in 1953 to 1999, the island had a single league of each sport.  Since that time, the association and competition are currently divided into two zones, the north (the championships and the association) and the south (the championship and the association) and includes all sports including football, basketball, volleyball, futsal and athletics, the only island to have nearly all the sport competitions into two zones.

As Praia is the Capverdean capital, the Capeverdean Football, Basketball, Volleyball, Athletics and Futsal Federations are headquartered in the city, much of them in the neighborhood of Várzea and nearby Chã das Areias.

CD Travadores
Clube Desportivo Travadores (Capeverdean Crioulo, ALUPEC: Klubi Desportivu Travadoris) is a football club in the Santiago South Premier Division in Cape Verde and are one of the unrelegated clubs of the Premier Division. It is based in the capital city of Praia, on the island of Santiago, and plays in a stadium with a capacity of 8,000. It is affiliated with Portuguese club S.L. Benfica and was its first affiliate in Cape Verde and in the western part of West Africa. Travadores' nicknames are Índios (Indians) and Águias (Eagles).

Travadores is one of the most successful football clubs in Cape Verde, having won 12 official titles, of which 3 are national and 9 are regional.

Along with Sporting and Boavista, they form the Big Three of Praia (until 2003, the Big Three of Santiago).
Guillaume Benoît Couderc
Guillaume Benoît Couderc (7 July 1741 in Lyon—9 May 1809 in Lyon), was a French businessman, merchant and politician. He was a member of the Estates General of 1789 and of the National Constituent Assembly.

Estates General of 1789
The Estates General of 1789 (French: États Généraux de 1789) was a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and the commoners (Third Estate). It was the last of the Estates General of the Kingdom of France.

Summoned by King Louis XVI, the Estates General of 1789 ended when the Third Estate, along with some members of the other estates, formed the National Assembly and, against the wishes of the king, invited the other two estates to join. This signaled the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Krystyna Chojnowska-Liskiewicz
Krystyna Chojnowska-Liskiewicz (15 July 1936 – 13 June 2021) was a Polish naval engineer and sailor. She was the first woman to have sailed single-handed (i.e. solo) around the world, repeating the late nineteenth century accomplishment of Joshua Slocum. She sailed from the Canary Islands on 28 March 1976 and completed her solo circumnavigation near the Cape Verde Islands on 20 March 1978, having covered approximately 28,696 nautical miles (53,133 km) over the course of 723 days.

Naval architecture
Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified (by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.
Auguste Mingels
Auguste Mingels (24 March 1921 – 20 May 1973) was a Belgian professional motocross racer. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1947 to 1957. Mingels is notable for winning two consecutive F.I.M. 500cc European motocross championships in 1953 and 1954. Les Archer, who won the 1956 European motocross championship, considered Mingels to be one of the best European motocross riders of his era.

Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme
The International Motorcycling Federation (Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme) or (FIM) is the global governing/sanctioning body of motorcycle racing. It represents 123 national motorcycle federations that are divided into six continental unions.

There are ten motorcycle-racing disciplines that FIM covers, encompassing 62 international championships as well as 188 secondary championships of circuit racing, enduro, Speedway Racing, Trials, Off-Roading, Motorcross, Supercross, Sno-Cross, Sidecars, and E-Bikes. FIM is also involved in many non-racing activities that promote the sport, its safety, and support relevant public policy. The FIM is also the first international sporting federation to publish an Environmental Code, in 1994. In 2007, a Commission for Women in Motorcycling was created by the FIM in order to promote the use of powered two-wheelers and the motorcycle sport among women.
HDMS Esbern Snare (F342)
HDMS Esbern Snare (F342) is an Absalon-class frigate and is, along with her sister ship, the HDMS Absalon, amongst the largest combat vessels currently commissioned in the Royal Danish Navy.

Esbern Snare is part of the first stage of a strategic realignment within the Royal Danish Navy, which is transitioning to focus on international operations, of which Absalon-class vessels will form the backbone. The ship is designed for command, support and anti-submarine roles, with a large ro-ro deck, and is complemented by the Iver Huitfeldt-class frigates.

Roll-on/roll-off
Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are cargo ships designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, buses, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using a platform vehicle, such as a self-propelled modular transporter. This is in contrast to lift-on/lift-off (LoLo) vessels, which use a crane to load and unload cargo.

RORO vessels have either built-in or shore-based ramps or ferry slips that allow the cargo to be efficiently rolled on and off the vessel when in port. While smaller ferries that operate across rivers and other short distances often have built-in ramps, the term RORO is generally reserved for large seagoing vessels. The ramps and doors may be located in the stern, bow, or sides, or any combination thereof.
Yenghe hatam
The Yenghe hatam (Avestan: 𐬫𐬈𐬣𐬵𐬉⸱ 𐬵𐬁𐬙𐬅𐬨) is one of the four major manthras, and one of the most important prayers in Zoroastrianism. It is interpreted as a call to pray specifically to the Amesha Spentas, or generally to all Zoroastrian divinities.

Jointly with the Ahuna vairya, the Ashem vohu, and the Airyaman ishya; the Yenghe hatam forms the four manthras that enclose the Gathas in the Yasna and form the linguistically oldest part of the Avesta. It is furthermore found throughout many other parts of the Avesta, where it often marks the transition from one portion of the text to the next.

Avestan
Avestan (/əˈvɛstən/ ə-VESS-tən) is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. It belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family and was originally spoken during the Avestan period (c. 1500 – c. 400 BCE) by the Iranians living in eastern Greater Iran as evidenced from names in Avestan geography.

After Avestan became extinct, its religious texts were transmitted orally, then collected and put into writing during the Sasanian period (c. 400 – c. 500 CE). The extant material falls into two groups: Old Avestan (c. 1500 – c. 900 BCE) and Younger Avestan (c. 900 – c. 400 BCE). The immediate ancestor of Old Avestan was the Proto-Iranian language, a sister language to the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, with both having developed from the earlier Proto-Indo-Iranian language. As such, Old Avestan is quite close in both grammar and lexicon to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan language.
Literature of the Five Mountains
The Gozan Bungaku or literature of the Five Mountains (Japanese: 五山文学) is the literature produced by the principal Zen (禅) monastic centers of in Kyoto and Kamakura, Japan. The term also refers to five Zen centers in China in Hangzhou and Ningbo that inspired zen in Japan, while the term "mountain" refers to Buddhist monastery.

Five Mountains literature or gozan bungaku (五山文學) is used collectively to refer to the poetry and prose in Chinese produced by Japanese monks who were active mostly during the 14th and 15th centuries.  Notable writers of the genre include Musō Soseki, Ikkyū Sōjun, Zekkai Chūsin (絶海中津), Sesson Yūbai, Gidō Shūshin, Jakushitsu Genkō, Chūgan Engetsu and Kokan Shiren. Also included are works by Chinese monks residing in Japan such as Seisetsu Shōchō (Qingzhuo Zhengcheng) and Jikusen Bonsen (竺仙梵僊, Zhuxian Fanxian)

Ikkyū
Ikkyū (一休宗純, Ikkyū Sōjun; February 1, 1394 – December 12, 1481) was a Japanese Zen Buddhist monk and poet who had a great impact on the infusion of Japanese art and literature with Zen attitudes and ideals. He is perhaps best known for his radical approach to Zen, which included breaking Buddhist monastic precepts and his stance against celibacy.
Banksia epica
Banksia epica is a shrub that grows on the south coast of Western Australia. A spreading bush with wedge-shaped serrated leaves and large creamy-yellow flower spikes, it grows up to 3½ metres (11½ ft) high. It is known only from two isolated populations in the remote southeast of the state, near the western edge of the Great Australian Bight. Both populations occur among coastal heath on cliff-top dunes of siliceous sand.

One of the most recently described Banksia species, it was probably seen by Edward John Eyre in 1841, but was not collected until 1973, and was only recognised as a distinct species in 1988. There has been very little research on the species since then, so knowledge of its ecology and cultivation potential is limited. It is placed in Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis, alongside its close relative, the well-known and widely cultivated B. media (southern plains banksia).

Banksia baueri
Banksia baueri, commonly known as the woolly banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has serrated leaves and a distinctively large and hairy looking inflorescence with cream, yellow or brown flowers, and hairy fruit.
Viktor Turbin
Viktor Andreevich Turbin (Russian: Виктор Андреевич Турбин; 9 November 1923 – 8 August 1944) was a Red Army Junior Lieutenant and posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union. Turbin was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin for his actions while leading a platoon during Operation Bagration in summer 1944. His platoon reportedly held a bridgehead on the Drut River against numerically superior German troops until the crossing of the remainder of Turbin's regiment.

Drut (river)
The Drut or Druts (Belarusian: Друць, romanized: Druć, [drut͡sʲ]; Russian: Друть, [drutʲ]) is a river in Belarus, a right tributary of Dnieper. It originates in the Orsha Upland in the Belarusian Ridge and flows through the Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel regions of Belarus. It is 295 kilometres (183 mi) long, and has a 5,020 square kilometres (1,940 sq mi) drainage basin.

The cities of Talachyn, Kruhlaye, Byalynichy, and Rahachow are located on the Drut.

The Chihirin Reservoir on the Drut river has an area of 21.1 square kilometers (8.1 sq mi).
Jozef Boey
Jozef Martin Boey (also spelled Josef, 16 May 1934 – 28 February 2016) was a Belgian chess player who held the FIDE title of International Master (IM, 1973) and the ICCF title of Correspondence Chess Grandmaster (GM, 1975). He was a four-time Belgian Chess Championship winner (1959, 1964, 1965, 1971).

International Correspondence Chess Federation
International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF) was founded on 26 March 1951 as a new appearance of the International Correspondence Chess Association (ICCA), which was founded in 1945, as successor of the Internationaler Fernschachbund (IFSB), founded on 2 December 1928.

The current president is Eric Ruch, while the first president was Jean-Louis Ormond.
Armenian political crisis (2020–present)
The Armenian political crisis started in 2020 with the Azerbaijani offensive against the self-declared Republic of Artsakh which triggered mass protests in Armenia. The crisis escalated after the Russian peacekeeping force were not involved in the third war leaving Armenia isolated. The war ended with the expulsion of more than 100,000 Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh. There had been multiple coup plots during the crisis. As of December 2023, parts of Armenia remains under Azerbaijani occupation.

Since the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War and the 2023 Expulsion of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians, Nikol Pashinyan's approval rating has plummeted from 82 percent in August 2018 to 11.5 percent as of 6 May 2025, one of the lowest approval ratings of any world leader.

2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement
The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement was an armistice agreement that ended the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. It was signed on 9 November by the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, the Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan and the President of Russia Vladimir Putin, and ended all hostilities in the Nagorno-Karabakh region from 00:00, on 10 November 2020 Moscow time. The president of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh, Arayik Harutyunyan, also agreed to an end of hostilities.
Battery Place station
The Battery Place station was a station on the demolished Ninth Avenue and Sixth Avenue elevated train lines in Manhattan, New York City. It was located at the southern terminus of Greenwich Street at the north end of Battery Park.

The station had two tracks and two side platforms. It was served by trains from the IRT Sixth Avenue Line and IRT Ninth Avenue Line. It opened June 5, 1883. One block north of the station, the Sixth Avenue El diverged to the east at Morris Street. It closed on June 11, 1940, though Sixth Avenue line trains stopped serving it when that EL line was closed in 1938.

The next southbound stop was South Ferry. The next northbound stops were Rector Street for Ninth Avenue Line trains (which replaced the earlier Morris Street station), Rector Street for local Sixth Avenue Line trains, and Park Place for Sixth Avenue Line express trains.

IRT Sixth Avenue Line
The IRT Sixth Avenue Line, often called the Sixth Avenue Elevated or Sixth Avenue El, was the second elevated railway in Manhattan in New York City, following the Ninth Avenue Elevated.

The line ran south of Central Park, mainly along Sixth Avenue. Beyond the park, trains continued north on the Ninth Avenue Line.
Ramshorn
The tiny hamlet of Ramsor (Methodist spelling) in north Staffordshire played a significant part in the origins of Primitive Methodism.  Listed in the Domesday Book as Ramshorn, this ancient hamlet is a typical example of the depopulation of the countryside.  Very little now remains of this village apart from a few farms and cottages.  The Primitive Methodist Chapel is the only surviving public building.

Ramsor, spelling the name as it was pronounced, is the usual spelling in Primitive Methodist documents while Ramshorn is still the official spelling.  The variant spellings will be used here to distinguish these.

Primitive Methodist Church
The Primitive Methodist Church is a Methodist Christian denomination aligned with the holiness movement. Originating in early 19th-century England as a revivalist movement within Methodism, it was heavily influenced by American evangelist Lorenzo Dow (1777–1834), whose visits inspired a return to fervent, open-air preaching.

In the United States, the Primitive Methodist Church had eighty-three parishes and 8,487 members in 1996.  In 2025, the PMC in the United States has 60 congregations across 13 eastern states.

In Great Britain and Australia, the Primitive Methodist Church merged with other denominations, to form the Methodist Church of Great Britain in 1932 and the Methodist Church of Australasia in 1902. (The latter subsequently merged into the Uniting Church in Australia in 1977.)
Interstellar Technologies
42°28′30″N 143°22′35″E﻿ / ﻿42.47500°N 143.37639°E﻿ / 42.47500; 143.37639

Interstellar Technologies, Inc. (Japanese: インターステラテクノロジズ（株）, Hepburn: Intāsutera Tekunorojizu (kabu)), or IST, is a Japanese private spaceflight company aiming to eventually build a launch vehicle for small satellites under 100 kg. It is a rocket spacelaunch company developing the MOMO (also Momo, etc.) sounding rocket and the orbital launch vehicles called ZERO and DECA. Interstellar's stated goal is to reduce the cost of access to space. Interstellar is attempting to have the first privately developed rocket in Japan to reach space.

Small satellite
A small satellite, miniaturized satellite, or smallsat is a satellite of low mass and size, usually under 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). While all such satellites can be referred to as "small", different classifications are used to categorize them based on mass. Satellites can be built small to reduce the large economic cost of launch vehicles and the costs associated with construction.  Miniature satellites, especially in large numbers, may be more useful than fewer, larger ones for some purposes – for example, gathering of scientific data and radio relay.  Technical challenges in the construction of small satellites may include the lack of sufficient power storage or of room for a propulsion system.
Anthony Mansard
Anthony Mansard (born 5 December 2006) is a French artistic gymnast who is the 2025 European horizontal bar bronze medalist. He had a successful junior career, including winning the all-around and horizontal bar titles at the 2024 Junior European Championships. He won silver medals on the floor exercise at the 2022 Junior European Championships and the 2023 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival.

2025 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 11th European Men's and Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was an artistic gymnastics competition held from 26 to 31 May 2025 in Leipzig, Germany.  It was the 46th European championships in total for men, and 36th in total for women (including the separate men's and women's championships held in even numbered years).  For the first time a Mixed Team Final was contested.

Initially the event was to be held in Tel Aviv, Israel but was relocated to Leipzig due to the ongoing Gaza war.
Peter Jehle
Peter Karl Jehle (born 22 January 1982) is a Liechtensteiner former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He spent most of his career with Vaduz, representing the club in both the Swiss Super League and the Challenge League. He also played in France and Portugal.

Over two decades, Jehle won 132 caps for the Liechtenstein national team.

Swiss Challenge League
The Challenge League (known as the Dieci Challenge League for sponsorship reasons) is the second-highest tier of the Swiss football league system and lower of two professional leagues in the country. Ten teams play in the Challenge League; the winners of the league are promoted to the Super League, while the bottom-placed team is relegated to the Promotion League.
Diwan Hari Chand
Diwan Hari Chand (died 1857) was a Khatri general from the prominent family of the Dewans of Eminabad, who were chiefs in service of Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu. Hari Chand's military leadership secured Dogra rule across the western Himalayas. In 1842 he marshaled an army that lifted the siege of Leh, routed the Tibetans at Tangtse and Chushul, and negotiated the Treaty of Chushul, which firmly established Ladakh under Gulab Singh’s suzerainty. Over the next decade he defended the frontiers of the newly formed princely state of Jammu & Kashmir—quelling rebellions in Hazara, Gilgit and Chilas. In 1857 he led the Jammu contingent at the Siege of Delhi, where he succumbed to cholera. Hari Chand remains one of the foremost military architects of mid-19th-century Dogra expansion.

Gulab Singh
Gulab Singh (21 October 1792 – 30 June 1857) was the first Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir and the founder of the Dogra dynasty. Originally a commander of the Sikh Empire, he sided with the British in the First Anglo-Sikh War and briefly became prime minister of the Sikh Empire in 1846. In the same year he signed the Treaty of Amritsar with the British, establishing the state of Jammu and Kashmir under the suzerainty of the British Raj; this treaty formalized the transfer of all lands that were ceded by the Sikhs to the British in the Treaty of Lahore.
Persiraja Banda Aceh
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Kutaraja, commonly known as Persiraja, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Banda Aceh, Aceh. They currently compete in the Championship. They play their home matches either at Harapan Bangsa Stadium or H. Dimurthala Stadium. They became champion of Perserikatan in 1980.

Championship (Indonesia)
The Championship, officially known as the Pegadaian Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia, organized by the I-League. The competition started in 2017 after PSSI changed the previous competition Liga Indonesia Premier Division (Indonesian: Divisi Utama Liga Indonesia).

Originally, the Premier Division was the top-tier division when it was first established in 1994 and only became the second tier in 2008 when its place in the top flight was replaced by the newly formed Indonesia Super League. The competition is usually divided into several groups because of factors in terms of geography and number of participants.