hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Logistic model tree
In computer science, a logistic model tree (LMT) is a classification model with an associated supervised training algorithm that combines logistic regression (LR) and decision tree learning.

Logistic model trees are based on the earlier idea of a model tree: a decision tree that has linear regression models at its leaves to provide a piecewise linear regression model (where ordinary decision trees with constants at their leaves would produce a piecewise constant model). In the logistic variant, the LogitBoost algorithm is used to produce an LR model at every node in the tree; the node is then split using the C4.5 criterion. Each LogitBoost invocation is warm-started from its results in the parent node. Finally, the tree is pruned.

The basic LMT induction algorithm uses cross-validation to find a number of LogitBoost iterations that does not overfit the training data. A faster version has been proposed that uses the Akaike information criterion to control LogitBoost stopping.

LogitBoost
In machine learning and computational learning theory, LogitBoost is a boosting algorithm formulated by Jerome Friedman, Trevor Hastie, and Robert Tibshirani.

The original paper casts the AdaBoost algorithm into a statistical framework. Specifically, if one considers AdaBoost as a generalized additive model and then applies the cost function of logistic regression, one can derive the LogitBoost algorithm.
Catarina Deremar
Catarina Deremar (born 1965) is a Swedish politician. Since January 2021, she serves as a Member of the Riksdag representing the constituency of Uppsala County for the Centre Party. She became a member after Solveig Zander retired.

She was also elected as a Member of the Riksdag in September 2022.

Uppsala County (Riksdag constituency)
Uppsala County (Swedish: Uppsala Län) is one of the 29 multi-member constituencies of the Riksdag, the national legislature of Sweden. The constituency was established in 1970 when the Riksdag changed from a bicameral legislature to a unicameral legislature. It is conterminous with the county of Uppsala. The constituency currently elects 12 of the 349 members of the Riksdag using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2022 general election it had 292,255 registered electors.
George N. Proctor House
The George N. Proctor House in Union County, Kentucky near Waverly, is an antebellum Greek Revival-style house built around 1854.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

It is located on Kentucky Route 1180 east of its junction with Proctor Rd.

It is "a 2+1⁄2-story, double-pile Greek Revival house of brick common bond construction", upon a stone foundation.

Waverly, Kentucky
Waverly is a home rule-class city in Union County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Waverly had a population of 311. Founded in 1870, the city was named for founder Hugh McElroy's nephew.
Asian Women's Handball Championship
The AHF Asian Women's Handball Championship is a biennial continental handball competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of Asian Handball Federation (AHF). Since 2018, it also includes teams from Oceania. The competition also serves as a qualifying tournament for the IHF World Women's Handball Championship.

The current champion is Japan, which won its 2nd title at the 2024 tournament.

Asian Handball Federation
The Asian Handball Federation (AHF) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in Asia. It has 44 member countries, mostly located on the Asian continent, but excludes the transcontinental countries with territory in both Europe and Asia – Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation and Turkey – which are instead members of European Handball Federation (EHF). Three other states located along the western fringe of Asia – Cyprus, Armenia and Israel – are also EHF members. Hong Kong and Macau, although not independent countries (both are special regions of China), are also members of the AHF.

One of IHF's six continental confederations, the AHF was formed officially on 26 August 1974 in Tehran (Imperial State of Iran), on the sidelines of the 7th Asian Games 1974. The AHF headquarters is located in Kuwait City (Kuwait). Its current president is Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah from Kuwait, who is a member of House of Al Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait.
Ernestville, Missouri
Ernestville is an unincorporated community in Lafayette County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community was named after Ernest Worm, a local merchant. The nucleus of the town was the St. Matthews Church, and a store built by Ernest Worm. The suffix ville added to Mr. Worm's given name formed the town name. The community never had a post office.

Lafayette County, Missouri
Lafayette County is a county in the western portion of Missouri, part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,984. Its county seat is Lexington. The county was organized November 16, 1820, from Cooper County and originally named Lillard County for James Lillard of Tennessee, who served in the first state constitutional convention and first state legislature. It was renamed Lafayette County on February 16, 1825, in honor of Revolutionary War hero the Marquis de La Fayette, who was then visiting the United States.
USS Housatonic (SP-1697)
The second USS Housatonic was the Southern Pacific Steamship Company freighter El Rio. The ship was one of four company ships temporarily converted for planting the World War I North Sea Mine Barrage.

El Rio was built for the Morgan Line in 1899 and served as a freighter until the United States Shipping Board took control of the vessel in 1917 for conversion to wartime naval use. After return to commercial service the ship resumed normal freight operations. In 1925 the ship was sold to the Clyde-Mallory Lines and renamed Brazos. In 1935 the vessel was sold to Atlantic, Gulf & West Indies Lines (Agwilines) continuing freight service until sunk in a collision in 1942.

North Sea Mine Barrage
The North Sea Mine Barrage, also known as the Northern Barrage, was a large minefield laid easterly from the Orkney Islands to Norway by the United States Navy (assisted by the Royal Navy) during the First World War.  The objective was to inhibit the movement of U-boats from bases in Germany to the Atlantic shipping lanes bringing supplies to the British Isles. Rear Admiral Lewis Clinton-Baker, commanding the Royal Navy minelaying force, described the barrage as the "biggest mine planting stunt in the world's history".
Stoke Park, Bristol
Stoke Park is a public open space of 108 hectares (270 acres) in Bristol, England. It occupies a prominent position on the eastern flanks of Purdown, alongside the M32 motorway, together with the landmark Dower House and Purdown transmitter. Approximately 80% of the park is within the Bristol ward of Lockleaze; the remainder is within South Gloucestershire.

Bristol City Council plan to extend cattle grazing throughout the park between April and November 2018 to stop the spread of invasive scrub and as an educational resource.
There has been some public opposition to developments in the park. Petitions have opposed the felling of hundreds of trees in a stretch of young woodland and the construction of a 3m wide path which could stretch for nearly 2km across the park's meadows.

Purdown
Purdown (sometimes spelt Pur Down) is a hill in the north east of Bristol, England. The suburb of Lockleaze lies on its western flanks, while its south-eastern slopes reach into Eastville and include a Priory Group hospital, Fairfield High School, allotment gardens and a recreation area. Much of the ridgetop and eastern flank of the hill is public open space, part of the Stoke Park estate.

Muller Road crosses the southern end of the hill, while the M32 motorway runs along the lower slopes to the east.

The Purdown BT Tower is constructed near the highest point of the hill.

51°29′13″N 2°33′36″W﻿ / ﻿51.487°N 2.560°W﻿ / 51.487; -2.560
Lars Gustafsson Vasa
Lars Gustafsson Vasa (1 September 1586 – 1660) was the fictional son of Prince Gustav of Sweden.

According to the legend, Gustafsson was born in Silesia in 1586. In 1621 he married Brita Karth (née Törnros). They were earlier thought to be the parents of  Lars Eldstjerna and Samuel Stjerneld, founders of the Swedish noble families of Eldstierna and Stierneld respectively. Modern scholars have however refuted this myth and Lars and Samuel are nowadays identified as the sons of a vogt at Händelö named Lars (died 1657), whose possible patronym might have been Björnsson.

Lars Larsson Eldstierna
Lars Larsson Eldstierna (originally Eld) (c. 1623–1701) was a Swedish landshövding (governor) and the founder of the noble family of Eldstierna.

Lars Larsson Eld was the son of a vogt at Händelö named Lars (died 1657), whose possible patronym might have been Björnsson. Lars Larsson Eld was made a nobleman in 1662, being given the name Eldstierna. In 1691 he was raised further to baronage. He died as landshövding of Östergötland County.

Lars Larsson Eldstierna's younger brother, Samuel Larsson Eld (1637–1716), was also ennobled, but under the name of Stierneld.
Day by Day (Soviet TV series)
Day by Day (Russian: День за днём, romanized: Den' za dnyom) is a Soviet drama TV series directed by Vsevolod Shilovsky and written by Mikhail Ancharov. It ran for 17 episodes from 1971 to 1972. It was the first dramatic television series filmed by Soviet Central Television.

Yuri Gorobets
Yuri Vasilievich Gorobets (Russian: Юрий Васильевич Горобец; 15 March 1932 – 27 June 2022) was a Soviet and Russian theater and cinema actor. People's Artist of the Russian Federation (1993). Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1984).

He was awarded Order of Friendship (2003) and Order of Honour (2007).
Paul Adelstein
Paul Adelstein (born April 29, 1969) is an American actor. He is known for the role of Agent Paul Kellerman in the Fox television series Prison Break and his role as pediatrician Cooper Freedman in the ABC medical drama Private Practice. In addition to supporting roles in films such as Intolerable Cruelty and Memoirs of a Geisha, he is also known for his recurring role as Leo Bergen on ABC's Scandal and as Jake Novak in the Bravo television series Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce. He also played David Sweetzer on the short-lived NBC comedy I Feel Bad.

Adelstein co-created the dark comedy TV series Imposters, which aired on Bravo and ran for two 10-episode seasons from 2017 and 2018; he is credited as a writer on 6 episodes. He also played the role of Shelley Cohen on that show.

Imposters (TV series)
Imposters is an American dark comedy television series. The show premiered February 7, 2017, on the Bravo cable network with a 10-episode season. Announced in April 2015 as My So Called Wife, the series follows con artist Maddie, played by Inbar Lavi, who gets involved in relationships with men and women before leaving them "used and robbed of everything – including their hearts". On April 17, 2017, Bravo renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on April 5, 2018. On June 1, 2018, Bravo canceled the series after two seasons.
Agenda (New Zealand TV programme)
Agenda is a New Zealand hour-long current affairs television programme. It screened at 10 am on Sundays on TV One. Its final host was Rawdon Christie with political interviews conducted by Guyon Espiner. Christie and Espiner were joined each week by three panelists from the New Zealand media.

In late November 2008 TVNZ announced they would not continue their contract with Frontpage, the producers. Despite speculation that another network might buy the rights, the programme was discontinued in 2009 and Q+A replaced it in the Sunday morning slot.

Guyon Espiner
Guyon Espiner (born 31 December 1970) is an investigative journalist at Radio New Zealand. He has worked in print, radio and television for more than 20 years, as a reporter, political editor and anchor.
Macaria (daughter of Heracles)
In Greek mythology, Macaria (Ancient Greek: Μακαρία, romanized: Makaría, lit. 'blessed one, blessedness') is a daughter of the divine hero Heracles. After his immolation, Eurystheus hunted down the descendants of the hero, eventually besieging them in Athens. Macaria offered herself as sacrifice in order to save her kin and the city.

Children of Heracles
Children of Heracles (Ancient Greek: Ἡρακλεῖδαι, Hērakleidai; also translated as Herakles' Children and Heraclidae) is an Athenian tragedy written by Euripides. In the year of 430 B.C., Children of Heracles was performed. It follows the children of Heracles (known as the Heracleidae) as they seek protection from Eurystheus. It is the first of two surviving tragedies by Euripides where the children of Heracles are suppliants (the second being Heracles).
East Branch Pecatonica River
The East Branch Pecatonica River is a tributary of the Pecatonica River, approximately 62.5 miles (100.6 km) long, in southwest Wisconsin in the United States.

It rises in the hills of eastern Iowa County, approximately 2 miles (3 km) north of Barneveld and approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of Madison. It flows south past Barneveld, Blanchardville, and Argyle, and joins the Pecatonica in southeast Lafayette County, approximately 5 miles (8 km) north of the state line with Illinois.

Blanchardville, Wisconsin
Blanchardville is a village in Lafayette and Iowa counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 807 at the 2020 census, of which 613 were in Lafayette County and 194 were in Iowa County. It is 30 miles (48 km) southwest of the state capital, Madison.
Karatavitidae
Karatavitidae is an extinct family of sawflies, known from the Jurassic period, they are the only members of the superfamily Karatavitoidea. While once proposed to be grouped with the Orussoidea in the infraorder Orussomorpha, they are now considered to be the closest relatives of clade containing Orussoidea and Apocrita. There are about 7 genera in Karatavitidae.

Orussoidea
Orussoidea is a superfamily of sawflies. It contains the living family Orussidae, as well as the extinct families Burmorussidae and Paroryssidae. They are the group of sawflies closest to the Apocrita, the group containing wasps, bees and ants, with both groups together forming the clade Euhymenoptera. Like most members of Apocrita, but unlike other sawflies, members of the superfamily are parasitoids.
Lansdown, Bath
Lansdown is a suburb of the World Heritage City of Bath, England, that extends northwards from the city centre up a road of the same name. Among its most distinctive architectural features are Lansdown Crescent and Sion Hill Place, which includes a campus of Bath Spa University.

Beckford's Tower, an architectural folly built in neo-classical style for William Thomas Beckford in 1827, stands on high ground at the northern edge of the suburb, overlooking Lansdown Cemetery.

Sion Hill Place, Bath
Sion Hill Place in the Lansdown area of Bath, Somerset, England was designed by John Pinch the elder and built between 1818 and 1820. Suspension bridge builder and brewer James Dredge, Sr. lived here in the mid-19th century.

Summerhill and numbers 1 to 9 have been designated as a Grade I listed building.

The Georgian terrace of numbers 1 to 9 is made up of 4 storey houses which is symmetrical from which the centre house, number 5, stands forward and has a pediment. The ground floor of all houses is rusticated. The houses at either end have curved segmental bows for their entire height. Numbers 1 to 4 were built by William Cowell Hayes a local painter, while Daniel Aust, from Walcot, built number 5 and possibly the others.

Summerhill House, which is attached to the west end of the terrace, came from Chippenham and was demolished and transported stone by stone.
Marie-Caroline Le Pen
Marie-Caroline Le Pen (born 23 January 1960) is a French politician and member of the Le Pen family.

The eldest of the three daughters of Jean-Marie Le Pen and his first wife Pierrette Lalanne, she became involved in the National Front (FN) in her youth. She was regional councilor for Île-de-France from 1992 to 2004.

When the FN split in 1998, she followed Bruno Mégret to the National Republican Movement (MNR) with her husband, Philippe Olivier. After a break up with her family, she became closer to her sister Marine Le Pen in the end of the 2000s, finally returning to the FN in 2016. She was re-elected to the Île-de-France regional council in 2021.

In the 2024 legislative elections, Marie-Caroline Le Pen stood in the fourth constituency of Sarthe, the former constituency of François Fillon, who was Prime Minister of France between 2007 and 2012. She lost to Élise Leboucher by 225 votes.

Élise Leboucher
Élise Leboucher (born 9 October 1982) is a French politician from La France Insoumise. She was elected to the National Assembly in Sarthe's 4th constituency in the 2022 French legislative election, unseating Socialist Party MP Sylvie Tolmont. She was reelected in 2024, defeating Marie-Caroline Le Pen, the sister of Marine Le Pen, by a margin of 225 votes.
Thief's Theme
"Thief's Theme" is a single from Nas' double album Street's Disciple, released through Columbia Records, Sony Urban Music, and Nas' Ill Will Records. The single contains vocals from Nas' song "The World Is Yours" from his first album Illmatic:

The song featured an interpolation of the famous riff from Iron Butterfly's "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" performed by Incredible Bongo Band. Nas would again use the same sample on the 2006 single "Hip Hop is Dead".

Nas sponsored a contest in the United Kingdom in 2004, encouraging entrants to record a verse using the instrumental version of the song. The winner would perform a verse on the song, which appears on the UK version of Street's Disciple. Rising Son won the competition.

The song was featured in Martin Scorsese's Academy Award-winning film The Departed but was not featured on the soundtrack.

Incredible Bongo Band
The Incredible Bongo Band, also known as Michael Viner's Incredible Bongo Band, was a project started in 1972 by Michael Viner, a record artist manager and executive at MGM Records; producer, MGM Records executive, and Curb Records founder Mike Curb; and arranger Perry Botkin Jr. Viner was called on to supplement the soundtrack to the B-film The Thing With Two Heads. The band's output consisted of upbeat, funky, instrumental music. Many tracks were covers of popular songs of the day characterized by the prominence of bongo drums, conga drums, rock drums and brass.

The band’s debut album Bongo Rock was featured in Robert Dimery's book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.
Vineland Township, Polk County, Minnesota
Vineland Township is a township in Polk County, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the Grand Forks-ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 133 at the 2000 census.

Vineland Township was organized in 1876, and named after the region of Vinland.

Polk County, Minnesota
Polk County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 31,192 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 30,413 in 2024. The county seat is Crookston and the largest city is East Grand Forks.

Polk County is part of the Grand Forks, ND-MN metropolitan statistical area.
Campus Apartments
Campus Apartments is a student housing company headquartered in Philadelphia, United States. The CEO is David J. Adelman. The company was founded in 1958 by Alan Horwitz, a friend of the Adelman family.

Campus Apartments originally served the students of the University of Pennsylvania. The company now provides student housing in 25 states, and holds over 145 properties. It is the largest privately held student housing company based in the United States.

Campus Apartments is also doing many development deals, with $250M announced in 2016.

Alan Horwitz
Alan Horwitz (born January 16, 1944) is an American businessman and the founder and chairman of Campus Apartments, a student housing company headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Horwitz is also a superfan of the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association and is known for sitting courtside at every 76ers home game wearing his "#76 SIXTH MAN" jersey.

Bloomberg News has described Horwitz as "one of Philadelphia's top real estate success stories."
Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Listuguj
Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Listuguj (formerly Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine) is a federal electoral district (riding) in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons since 2004.

It was created by the Representation Order of 2003 from parts of Bonaventure—Gaspé—Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Pabok and Matapédia—Matane.

Since 2025, its member of Parliament (MP) has been Alexis Deschênes of the Bloc Québécois (BQ).

Alexis Deschênes
Alexis Deschênes MP is a Canadian politician from the Bloc Québécois. He was elected Member of Parliament for Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Listuguj in the 2025 Canadian federal election. He unseated cabinet minister Diane Lebouthillier. He was previously a lawyer and journalist. He was elected vice chair of the Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Oceans in the 45th Canadian Parliament in 2025.

In the 2014 Quebec general election, he was a candidate for the Parti Québécois in Trois-Rivières, and again in the 2022 Quebec general election in Bonaventure, but was not elected.
Fat Gourg
Fat Gourg is a fictional monster cartoon character. It was created in 1989 by Luke, a 7-year English schoolboy during an English lesson at his primary school in Oakthorpe, Leicestershire.

It has 1 arm and 15 legs.
It sometimes hides in the oven and pretends to be a shelf.
It likes to eat worms with people while it is in the oven.

Despite the character's obscure origins, it became unexpectedly popular in France. The character has been referenced in the works of other French cartoonists, such as Pierre Primen and Boulet (fr). This led to widespread internet popularity from around 2003. Eventually, around 2008, the character's original source was discovered. The character has grown to include figurines, fan art, cosplay and the usual trappings of fandom. From 2008, 8 August (i.e. the first one on 8-8-08) has been celebrated as Fat Gourg Day, as the figure '8' was considered to resemble Fat Gourg.

Oakthorpe
Oakthorpe is a village in north-west Leicestershire, England.

In 1086, Oakthorpe was part of Derbyshire and was amongst several manors given to Nigel of Stafford by William the Conqueror. Until 1897 Oakthorpe, and its neighbours Measham and Donisthorpe, continued to form part of an extensive exclave of Derbyshire. Oakthorpe lies within the Oakthorpe and Donisthorpe civil parish, which is part of the district of North West Leicestershire.

In the past Oakthorpe's main use was for mining as there were numerous deep active mines in the area, however since the closing down of the mines in the 1990s Oakthorpe has simply become a residential village. Oakthorpe has a Leisure Centre, a Primary School, a Methodist church and an Ale house. Oakthorpe also has several local businesses such as Cosmos Biomedical Ltd, a biomedical distribution and education company,  one newsagent and one takeaway.

The trunk A42 road divides Oakthorpe from Measham and Saltersford Brook divides it from Donisthorpe.