hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bencie Woll
Bencie Woll MBE FBA FAAAS (born 1950) is an American–British linguist and scholar of sign language. She became the first professor of sign language in the United Kingdom when she was appointed Professor of Sign Language and Deaf Studies at City University, London in 1995. In 2005, she moved to University College London where she became Professor of Sign Language and Deaf Studies and Director of the Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre (DCAL).

Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellowship  of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (FAAAS) is an honor accorded by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) to distinguished persons who are members of the Association. Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for "efforts on behalf of the advancement of science or its applications [which] are scientifically or socially distinguished".

Examples of areas in which nominees may have made significant contributions are research; teaching; technology; services to 
professional societies; administration in academe, industry, and government; and communicating and interpreting science to the public. The association has awarded fellowships since 1874. AAAS publishes annual update of active Fellows list, which also provides email address to verify status of non-active Fellows. See also Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for more examples.
Apologue
An apologue or apolog (from the Greek ἀπόλογος, a "statement" or "account") is a brief fable or allegorical story with pointed or exaggerated details, meant to serve as a pleasant vehicle for a moral doctrine or to convey a useful lesson without stating it explicitly. Unlike a fable, the moral is more important than the narrative details. As with the parable, the apologue is a tool of rhetorical argument used to convince or persuade.

Fable
Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphised, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson, which may at the end be added explicitly as a concise maxim or saying.

A fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech or other powers of humankind. Conversely, an animal tale specifically includes talking animals as characters.

Usage has not always been so clearly distinguished. In the King James Version of the New Testament, "μῦθος" ("mythos") was rendered by the translators as "fable" in the First Epistle to Timothy, the Second Epistle to Timothy, the Epistle to Titus and the First Epistle of Peter.
Wuyigongyuan station
Wuyigongyuan (Chinese: 五一公园, literally "Wuyi Park" or "May 1 Park") is a metro station of Zhengzhou Metro. The station lies beneath the crossing of Jianshe Road and Tongbai Road and is the interchange station between Line 1 and Line 5.

The station was first opened as Tongbai Road, after the road. It was later changed to the current name before the opening of Line 5, possibly to avoid confusions after the operations of Line 5, which runs beneath Tongbai Road for a long distance and have several stations on the road, started.

Line 1 (Zhengzhou Metro)
Line 1 of the Zhengzhou Metro (Chinese: 郑州地铁一号线; pinyin: Zhèngzhōu Dìtiě Yī Hào Xiàn) is a rapid transit line running from west to east Zhengzhou. It opened on the 28 December 2013. This line is currently 41.2 km long with 30 stations.
Flight
Flight or flying is the motion of an object through an atmosphere or through the vacuum of space, in this case also called spaceflight, without contacting any planetary surface. This can be achieved by generating aerodynamic lift associated with gliding or propulsive thrust, aerostatically using buoyancy, or by ballistic movement.

Many things can fly, from animal aviators such as birds, bats and insects, to natural gliders/parachuters such as patagial animals, anemochorous seeds and ballistospores, to human inventions like aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, airships, balloons, etc.) and rockets which may propel spacecraft and spaceplanes.

The engineering aspects of flight are the purview of aerospace engineering. It has three subfields:

aeronautics — the study of vehicles that travel through the atmosphere.

astronautics — the study of vehicles that travel through space.

ballistics — the study of the flight of projectiles.

Lift (force)
When a fluid flows around an object, the fluid exerts a force on the object. Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the drag force, which is the component of the force parallel to the flow direction. Lift conventionally acts in an upward direction in order to counter the force of gravity, but it may act in any direction perpendicular to the flow.

If the surrounding fluid is air, the force is called an aerodynamic force. In water or any other liquid, it is called a hydrodynamic force.

Dynamic lift is distinguished from other kinds of lift in fluids. Aerostatic lift or buoyancy, in which an internal fluid is lighter than the surrounding fluid, does not require movement and is used by balloons, blimps, dirigibles, boats, and submarines. Planing lift, in which only the lower portion of the body is immersed in a liquid flow, is used by motorboats, surfboards, windsurfers, sailboats, and water-skis.
Lomariopsis
Lomariopsis is the type genus of the fern family Lomariopsidaceae.

One economically important species exists via the freshwater aquarium plant trade, having only just been introduced in 2001 as an aquatic gametophyte form; most commonly known as "süsswassertang" (German for "freshwater seaweed"), this plant was initially believed to be some sort of liverwort. However, it is closely allied to Lomariopsis lineata, but has not yet been named as a distinct species.

Süsswassertang
Lomariopsis lineata is a species of fern native to South East Asia. The prothallia of this species (or possibly a closely related species) are commonly cultivated as an  aquarium plant, where it is known to aquarists as süsswassertang (German spelling: Süßwassertang). It is often incorrectly spelled "subwassertang" due to the German eszett's similarity to the Latin 'B'. It is also called Loma fern or  round pellia.
Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Canadian Constitution that protects the mobility rights of Canadian citizens, and to a lesser extent that of permanent residents.  By mobility rights, the section refers to the individual practice of entering and exiting Canada, and moving within its boundaries.  The section is subject to the section 1 Oakes test, but cannot be nullified by the notwithstanding clause.

Along with the language rights in the Charter (sections 16–23), section 6 was meant to protect Canadian unity.

Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Constitution of Canada that guarantees minority language educational rights to French-speaking communities outside Quebec, and, to a lesser extent, English-speaking minorities in Quebec. The section may be particularly notable, in that some scholars believe that section 23 "was the only part of the Charter with which Pierre Trudeau was truly concerned." Trudeau was the prime minister who fought for the inclusion of the Charter of Rights in the Constitution of Canada in 1982.

Section 23(1)(b), or section 23 as a whole, are also known as the "Canada clause."
Litke Deep
Litke Deep (Russian: Жёлоб Ли́тке) is a bathymetric feature in the Arctic Ocean. The deepest point is 5,449 m (17,877 ft) below sea level. It is the closest point of the upper surface of Earth's lithosphere to Earth's center, with Challenger Deep being 14.7268 km (9.2 mi) further from Earth's centre at a bathymetric depth of 6,366.4311 km (3,955.9 mi).

The deepest point in Litke Deep is the closest point on the Earth's surface to the Earth's center given that it is located along the planet's polar flattening. Based on average global sea level (mean sea level), the deepest point in Litke Deep is shallower than Challenger Deep. Litke Deep is the second deepest point in the Arctic Ocean after Molloy Deep.

Molloy Deep
The Molloy Deep (also known as the Molloy Hole) is a bathymetric feature in the Fram Strait, within the Greenland Sea east of Greenland and about 160 km (100 mi) west of Svalbard. It is the location of the deepest point in the Arctic Ocean. The Molloy Deep, Molloy Hole, Molloy Fracture Zone, and Molloy Ridge were named after Arthur E. Molloy, a U.S. Navy research scientist who worked in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Arctic Oceans in the 1950s–1970s.

The outer rim of the trench is at a depth of 2,700 m (8,900 ft) and contains about 600 km2 (230 sq mi) inside the rim, descending to approximately 5,550 m (18,210 ft) at its greatest depth. The basin floor measures about 220 km2 (85 sq mi) and is the deepest point in the Arctic Ocean. The only person to have reached the bottom of the Molloy Deep is American explorer Victor Vescovo as part of his Five Deeps Expedition.
Oskar Linnros
Hans Oskar Linnros (born August 15, 1983) is a Swedish singer, rapper, songwriter, and record producer. He was part of the alternative hip hop band Snook alongside Daniel Adams-Ray, before going solo and releasing his solo studio debut album Vilja bli that reached number 2 on the Swedish Albums Chart. The track "Från och med Du" from the album reached the top of Sverigetopplistan, the official Swedish Singles Chart.

Linnros has also produced a number of other artists including acts Petter, Fibes, Oh Fibes! and Veronica Maggio.

Petter (rapper)
Petter Alexis Askergren (born 25 May 1974), who simply uses his given name Petter as a stage name, is a Swedish rapper from Stockholm, Sweden, rapping in Swedish. He debuted in 1998 with the album Mitt sjätte sinne (My Sixth Sense), which became a success and started the Swedish hip hop boom in the late 1990s and early 2000s. He owns a record company called Bananrepubliken (English: The Banana Republic). He also studied art history at Uppsala University for some time. He has also worked with the famous Norwegian rap producer Tommy Tee several times in his career. Petter also frequently works with Swedish disk jockey Patrik Elofsson who goes by the stage name DJ Sleepy.

In 2014 he hosted Musikhjälpen in Uppsala.
John Angus Campbell
John Angus Campbell (born March 10, 1942) is an American former professor of communication and rhetoric at the University of Memphis who argues that the religious idea of intelligent design should be mentioned in schools when teaching Darwin's theory of evolution. He was a fellow of the Center for Science and Culture (CSC), the subsidiary promoting creationism of the Discovery Institute, a Seattle-based conservative think tank; he became a fellow of the Discovery Institute in 1995.: 6  He was a fellow in communications of the now-defunct International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design (ISCID), whose tagline was "retraining the scientific imagination to see purpose in nature".

Discovery Institute
The Discovery Institute (DI) is a politically conservative think tank that advocates the pseudoscientific concept of intelligent design (ID). It was founded in 1991 in Seattle as a non-profit offshoot of the Hudson Institute.
It has been denounced as a "propaganda mill" by various prominent critics.

Its "Teach the Controversy" campaign aims to permit the teaching of anti-evolution, intelligent-design arguments in United States public high school science courses in place of accepted scientific theories, positing that a scientific controversy exists over whether evolution is a reality, when in fact there is none.
Acoustic foam
Acoustic foam is an open-celled foam used for acoustic treatment. It attenuates airborne sound-waves, reducing their amplitude, for the purposes of noise reduction or noise control. The energy is dissipated as heat. Acoustic foam is primarily made from petroleum-based polyurethane, though some types use melamine. The foam can be made in several different colors, sizes, and thicknesses.

Acoustic foam is often used in recording studios, home cinemas, or nightclubs to control noise, vibrations, and echoes. The foam can be attached to walls, ceilings, doors, and other features of a room. Due to its oil-based character, acoustic foam can be flammable, and has been associated with several fire disasters. To mitigate this risk, many acoustic foam products are treated with fire retardants.

Melamine foam
Melamine foam is a foam-like material consisting of a melamine-formaldehyde condensate. It is the active component of a number of abrasive cleaner sponges, notably the Magic Eraser.

In 1984, BASF launched the first commercially produced melamine resin foam, Basotect, which was originally marketed as a flame-retardant solution for soundproofing and thermal insulation in construction.
P57 (glycoside)
P57 is an oxypregnane steroidal glycoside isolated from the traditional African medicine Hoodia gordonii.  P57 is hypothesized to be the chemical constituent responsible for the putative appetite suppressant activity of Hoodia.

In a study on rats at Brown Medical School, intracerebroventricular injections of the purified P57 demonstrated that the compound has a likely central nervous system (CNS) mechanism of action like that of neuroactive steroids.
  The studies demonstrated that the compound increases the content of ATP by 50-150% in hypothalamic neurons.  In addition, third ventricle administration of P57 reduced subsequent 24-hour food intake by 40-60%.

Anorectic
An anorectic is a drug that reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss. These substances work by affecting the central nervous system or certain neurotransmitters to create a feeling of fullness or reduce the desire to eat. The understanding of anorexiant effects is crucial in the development of interventions for weight management, eating disorders, and related health concerns. The anorexiant effect can be induced through diverse mechanisms, ranging from hormonal regulation to neural signaling. Ghrelin, leptin, and peptide YY are among the hormones involved in appetite control. Additionally, neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in the central nervous system contribute significantly to the regulation of food intake.

By contrast, an appetite stimulant is referred to as orexigenic.

The term is (from the Greek ἀν- an- 'without' and ὄρεξις órexis 'appetite'), and such drugs are also known as anorexigenic, anorexiant, or appetite suppressant.
Rast (Turkish makam)
Rast is the implementation of the Rast scale in Turkish makam music. It is in 53 Tone Equal Temperament.

Rauf Yekta Bey's model places the Rast Makam as the gamme naturale of Turkish Classical Music and centers the theoretical approach around it. In the Arel Ezgi Uzdilek system, the scale centered in the theory became Çârgâh.

Turkish makam
The Turkish makam (Turkish: makam pl. makamlar; from the Arabic word maqām مقام) is a system of melody types used in Turkish classical music and Turkish folk music. It provides a complex set of rules for composing and performance.  Each makam specifies a unique intervalic structure (cinsler meaning genera) and melodic development (seyir). Whether a fixed composition (beste, şarkı, peşrev, âyin, etc.) or a spontaneous composition (gazel, taksim, recitation of Kuran-ı Kerim, Mevlid, etc.), all attempt to follow the melody type. The rhythmic counterpart of makam in Turkish music is usul.
GTK-server
The GTK-server project aims to bring graphical user interface (GUI) programming to any interpreted language using the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) ToolKit (GTK) or XForms. It releases free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License.

GTK
GTK (formerly GIMP ToolKit and GTK+) is a free open-source widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs) targeted at Linux and specifically GNOME (though with some use in other desktop environments). It is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, allowing both free and proprietary software to use it.

The GTK team releases new versions on a regular basis. GTK 4 and GTK 3 are actively maintained, while GTK 2 is no longer supported. GTK 1 is independently maintained by the CinePaint project.
Rockbox
Rockbox is a free and open-source software replacement for the OEM firmware in various forms of digital audio players (DAPs) with an original kernel. It offers an alternative to the player's operating system, in many cases without removing the original firmware, which provides a plug-in architecture for adding various enhancements and functions. Enhancements include personal digital assistant (PDA) functions, applications, utilities, and games. Rockbox can also retrofit video playback functions on players first released in mid-2000. Rockbox includes a voice-driven user-interface suitable for operation by visually impaired users.

Rockbox runs on a wide variety of devices with very different hardware abilities: from early Archos players with 1-bit character cell-based displays, to modern players with high resolution color displays, digital optical audio hardware and advanced recording abilities.

Archos
Archos (/ˈɑːrkoʊs/, stylized as ARCHOS) is a French multinational electronics company that was established in 1988 by Henri Crohas. Archos manufactures tablets, smartphones, portable media players and portable data storage devices. The name is an anagram of Crohas' last name. Also, in Greek (-αρχος), it's a suffix used in nouns indicating a person with power. The company's slogan has been updated from "Think Smaller" to "On The Go", and the current "Entertainment your way".

Archos has developed a variety of products, including digital audio players, portable video players (PVP), digital video recorders, a personal digital assistant, netbooks, more recently tablet computers using Google Android and Microsoft Windows (tablet PCs), and smartphones (which are manufactured by ZTE under the "Archos" brand name).
Lealholm railway station
Lealholm is a railway station on the Esk Valley Line, which runs between Middlesbrough and Whitby via Nunthorpe. The station, situated 11 miles 40 chains (18.5 km) west of Whitby, serves the village of Lealholm in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Middlesbrough railway station
Middlesbrough is a railway station on the Durham Coast, Esk Valley and Tees Valley lines. The station serves the town of Middlesbrough, in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by TransPennine Express. Direct destinations include Darlington, Redcar Central, Saltburn, Sunderland, Newcastle, York and Manchester Airport. There is also direct service to London Kings Cross once per weekday.

According to the Office of Rail and Road statistics, Middlesbrough station is the fourth busiest in the North East region, with 1,466,884 total entries and exits (2023–24 period).
Free Socialist Party/Marxist-Leninists
The Free Socialist Party/Marxist-Leninists (German: Freie Sozialistische Partei/Marxisten-Leninisten, abbreviated FSP or FSP/ML) was a small Maoist political party in West Germany. FSP/ML was the second Maoist group founded in West Germany. It was one of the predecessor organizations of the Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists.

Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists
The Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists (German: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Marxisten-Leninisten, KPD/ML) was a clandestine communist party active in both East and West Germany during the Cold War. It was founded in 1968 by former Communist Party of Germany (KPD) official Ernst Aust, who subsequently became the party's chairman. As an anti-revisionist party, the KPD/ML upheld the legacy of Soviet premier Joseph Stalin and supported China under Mao Zedong and later Albania under Enver Hoxha after the Sino-Albanian split. At its peak in the mid-1970s, the party claimed a membership of around 800.

The party published a periodical named Roter Morgen (transl. "Red Morning"). Former members of the party continued to publish the newspaper until December 2011.
Art Gallery Theorems and Algorithms
Art Gallery Theorems and Algorithms is a mathematical monograph on topics related to the art gallery problem, on finding positions for guards within a polygonal museum floorplan so that all points of the museum are visible to at least one guard, and on related problems in computational geometry concerning polygons. It was written by Joseph O'Rourke, and published in 1987 in the International Series of Monographs on Computer Science of the Oxford University Press. Only 1000 copies were produced before the book went out of print, so to keep this material accessible O'Rourke has made a pdf version of the book available online.

Art gallery problem
The art gallery problem or museum problem is a well-studied visibility problem in computational geometry.  It originates from the following real-world problem:

"In an art gallery, what is the minimum number of guards who together can observe the whole gallery?"

In the geometric version of the problem, the layout of the art gallery is represented by a simple polygon and each guard is represented by a point in the polygon.  A set  of points is said to guard a polygon if, for every point  in the polygon, there is some  such that the line segment between  and  does not leave the polygon.

The art gallery problem can be applied in several domains such as in robotics, when artificial intelligences (AI) need to execute movements depending on their surroundings. Other domains, where this problem is applied, are in image editing, lighting problems of a stage or installation of infrastructures for the warning of natural disasters.
2007 Big 12 Championship Game
The 2007 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division.

Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year. Designated "home" teams previously were 8–3 in Big 12 Championship Games.

Big 12 Championship Game
The Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference between the best and the second-best Big 12 team. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010, the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records.

In the first eight Big 12 championship games, from 1996 to 2003, the divisions split four games each, with the north champion winning in every odd-numbered year and the south champion winning in every even-numbered year. However, the North division champion did not win after No. 13 Kansas State's 35–7 upset victory over No. 1 Oklahoma in 2003.

The Big 12 is under contract to play the game at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas until 2030.