hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rosa 'George Dickson'
Rosa 'George Dickson'  is a medium red hybrid tea rose bred by Alexander Dickson II  of Northern Ireland in 1912. It was one of the Dickson nursery's early commercial successes and was a popular rose with the public.  It was awarded the Royal National Rose Society (RNRS) gold medal in 1911 and is an ancestor of the legendary 'Peace' rose.

Rosa 'Peace'
The Peace rose, formally Rosa 'Peace', synonym Mme A. Meilland, is a well-known and successful garden rose. By 1992, over one hundred million plants of this hybrid tea had been sold. The cultivar has large flowers of a light yellow to cream color, slightly flushed at the petal edges with crimson-pink. It is hardy and vigorous and relatively resistant to disease, making it popular in gardens as well as in the floral trade.

It was developed by French horticulturist Francis Meilland, in the years 1935 to 1939. When Meilland foresaw the German invasion of France, he sent cuttings to friends in Italy, Turkey, Germany, and the United States to protect the new rose. It is said that it was sent to the US on the last plane available before the German invasion, where it was safely propagated by the Conard Pyle Co. during the war.
Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament – Group A
Group A of the men's football tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was played from 24 to 30 July 2024. The group consisted of hosts France, Guinea, New Zealand and the United States. The top two teams, France and the United States, advanced to the knockout stage.

Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament – Knockout stage
The knockout stage of the men's football tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was played from 2 to 9 August 2024. The top two teams from each group in the group stage qualified for the knockout stage.
10K resolution
10K resolution refers to a horizontal display resolutions of approximately 10,000 pixels. Unlike 4K UHD and 8K UHD, there are no 10K resolutions defined in the UHDTV broadcast standard. The first 10K displays demonstrated were ultrawide "21:9" screens with a resolution of 10240 × 4320, the same vertical resolution as 8K UHD.

Ultrawide formats
Ultrawide formats refers to photos, videos, and displays with aspect ratios greater than 2.   There were multiple moves in history towards wider formats, including one by Disney, with some of them being more successful than others.

Cameras usually capture ultra-wide photos and videos using an anamorphic format lens, which shrinks the extended horizontal field-of-view (FOV) while saving on film or disk.
Crumhorn
The crumhorn is a double reed instrument of the woodwind family, most commonly used during the Renaissance period.  In modern times, particularly since the 1960s, there has been a revival of interest in early music, and crumhorns are being played again. It was also spelled krummhorn, krumhorn, krum horn, and cremorne.

Double reed
A double reed is a type of reed used to produce sound in various wind instruments. In contrast with a single-reed instrument, where the instrument is played by channeling air against one piece of cane which vibrates against the mouthpiece and creates a sound, a double reed features two pieces of cane vibrating against each other. This means, for instruments with the double reed fully exposed, that the air flow can be controlled by the embouchure from the top, bottom and sides of the reed. The term double reeds can also refer collectively to the class of instruments which use double reeds.
Pavel Sorokin (conductor)
Pavel Sorokin (Russian: Павел Сорокин; born 14 August 1963) is a Russian conductor born into a strong family tradition of singers and dancers. His mother was a singer, Tamara Sorokina and his father, Shamil Yagudin, a dancer. In 1985 he entered the Moscow Conservatory studying piano under Lev Naumov and conducting in the class of Yury Simonov where he graduated with distinction in both. In 1998 he received the honorary title of Meritorious Artist from the Russian Federation for exceptional achievements in the arts.

Merited Artist of the Russian Federation
Merited Artist of the Russian Federation (Russian: Заслуженный артист Российской Федерации, Zasluzhenny artist Rossiyskoy Federatsii), also known as Honored Artist of Russia, is an honorary title in the Russian Federation. The title is awarded to actors, directors, filmmakers, writers, dancers, and singers for exceptional achievements in the arts.

The honorary title was originally modeled after the German honorific title for distinguished opera singers. Historically, the title was bestowed by princes or kings, when it was styled Hofkammersänger(in). In Imperial Russia before 1917, several stars of stage and film were honored with the title "Imperial singer", but after the October Revolution of 1917, the new regime made changes and established the title of the Merited Artist of Russia (Russian SFSR and Soviet Union).

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Russian president Boris Yeltsin created a new award, first presented on 30 December 1995.
Myanmar Maritime Trade Unions Federation
The Myanmar Maritime Trade Unions Federation, formerly known as Seafarers Union of Burma (SUB) is a trade union in Myanmar. It represents an estimated 20,000-30,000 workers in the international shipping industry, many of whom work on Flag of Convenience ships and suffer from poor work and pay conditions.

Founded in 1991 by the Burmese seafarers who are in trouble and get contact with the International Transport Workers Federation (ITF) and its affiliated maritime unions around the world and supported by the Federation of Trade Unions of Burma (FTUB) in opposition to the government sanctioned "Myanmar Overseas Seafarers Association" (MOSA), SUB remains banned in Burma (Myanmar) but is recognized as the legitimate representative of Burmese sailors by other maritime unions, and is affiliated with Confederation of Trade Unions, Myanmar and a member of the International Transport Workers' Federation.

Confederation of Trade Unions, Myanmar
The Confederation of Trade Unions, Myanmar (CTUM), formerly known as the Federation of Trade Unions of Burma (FTUB), is a trade union in Myanmar (Burma). As of 2018, CTUM had 65,002 members, ahead of the Agriculture and Farmers Federation of Myanmar and the Myanmar Industries Craft and Services – Trade Unions Federation.
Rivière du Moulin (Bras Saint-Michel)
The rivière du Moulin crosses the municipalities of Saint-Lazare, Saint-Nérée and Saint-Gervais, in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.

The Moulin river is a tributary of the south bank of the Bras Saint-Michel, which flows north-east to empty onto the north-west bank of the rivière du Sud (Montmagny); the latter flows north-east to the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

Bras Saint-Michel
The Bras Saint-Michel is a tributary of the north-west bank of the Rivière du Sud (Montmagny) which flows north-east to the south bank of the St. Lawrence River, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.

The "Bras Saint-Michel" crosses the MRC of:

Bellechasse Regional County Municipality: municipalities of Saint-Henri, Saint-Gervais, Saint-Charles-de-Bellechasse, La Durantaye, Saint-Raphaël, Saint-Vallier;

Montmagny Regional County Municipality: municipality of Saint-François-de-la-Rivière-du-Sud.
Fiat Marea
The Fiat Marea (Type 185) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Fiat from 1996 to 2007. Available as a saloon and an estate, the Marea models were essentially different body styles of Fiat's hatchback offerings, the Bravo and Brava. The Marea replaced the earlier Tipo-based Fiat Tempra, as well as the larger Croma.

While the Fiat Stilo Multiwagon was the successor of the estate version, the Marea Weekend, the Fiat Linea replaced the saloon version in 2007. The car became officially available from 11 September 1996.

Fiat Stilo
The Fiat Stilo (Type 192) is a small family car available as a three- and a five-door hatchback, as well as an estate (Fiat Stilo Multi Wagon), produced by Italian automaker Fiat. The Stilo hatchbacks were presented in March 2001 at the Bologna Motor Show, and launched on European market in October 2001 to replace the Fiat Bravo/Brava, with the Stilo Multi Wagon following in January 2003.

The Fiat Bravo was the successor of the Stilo in most markets, however, the five-door Stilo continued to be manufactured in Brazil until October 2010, when it too was replaced by the Bravo.

The Stilo came in third place in the European Car of the Year awards for 2002, behind the Peugeot 307 and Renault Laguna.
Stoika Milanova
Stoika Trendafilova Milanova (also Stoyka; Bulgarian: Стойка Трендафилова Миланова; 5 August 1945 – 29 September 2024) was a Bulgarian classical violinist who had an international career.

Milanova was taught by her father using a method that he developed, and later by the violinist David Oistrakh. After placing second in the Queen Elisabeth Competition (1967) and winning the Carl Flesch Competition (1970), Milanova began an international career as a soloist and recitalist, which was at its height during the 1970s and early 1980s. She taught at the State Conservatory of Venezuela and held the chair of violin at the State Academy of Music of Sofia.

David Oistrakh
David Fyodorovich Oistrakh (30 September [O.S. 17 September] 1908 – 24 October 1974) was a Soviet Russian violinist, violist, and conductor. He was also Professor at the Moscow Conservatory, People's Artist of the USSR (1953), and Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1960).

Oistrakh collaborated with major orchestras and musicians from many parts of the world and was the dedicatee of numerous violin works, including both of Dmitri Shostakovich's violin concerti and the violin concerto by Aram Khachaturian. He is considered one of the preeminent violinists of the 20th century.
Demrick
Demerick Ferm, better known by his stage name Demrick, formerly known as Young De, is a rapper from Spokane, Washington, now living in Los Angeles. He has collaborated with Xzibit, Kurupt, Snoop Dogg, Too $hort, B-Real and Cypress Hill. He is a protege of B-Real of Cypress Hill and Xzibit with whom he formed Serial Killers.

B-Real
Louis Mario Freese (born June 2, 1970), known by his stage name B-Real, is an American rapper. Since 1991, he has been one of two lead rappers in the hip hop group Cypress Hill, along with Sen Dog, and the only constant member of the band. He has also been a part of the rap metal band Kush (2000–2002), the hip hop supergroup Serial Killers (2013–present) and the rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage (2016–2019). He has released a variety of solo mixtapes, as well as two solo albums: Smoke n Mirrors (2009) and Tell You Something (2020).
Horsley, Northumberland
Horsley is a small village and civil parish in Northumberland, England. The village lies on the top of a south-facing hill above the River Tyne, around 11 miles (18 km) from Newcastle upon Tyne and 12 miles (19 km) from Hexham.

Nearby villages include Heddon-on-the-Wall, Ovingham, Ovington and Wylam.

Heddon-on-the-Wall
Heddon-on-the-Wall is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England, located on Hadrian's Wall. Heddon-on-the-Wall is roughly 9 miles (14 km) west of the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, and just outside Throckley. In 2011 the parish had a population of 1563. The place-name 'Heddon' means 'hill where heather grew'.
Jayant Ganpat Nadkarni
Admiral Jayant Ganpat "Podgy" Nadkarni,  PVSM, AVSM, NM, VSM, ADC (5 December 1931 – 2 July 2018) was an Indian Navy Admiral who served as the 12th Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy from 1 December 1987 to 30 November 1990.

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
Jahnke, Richmond, Virginia
37°31′23″N 77°31′26″W﻿ / ﻿37.523069°N 77.523866°W﻿ / 37.523069; -77.523866

Jahnke is a neighborhood in Richmond, Virginia located in the Southside region of the city. The neighborhood lies within the city limits. The zip code for the neighborhood is 23225. Jahnke is named after Jahnke Road (State Route 686) which is the main road through the neighborhood. The heart of Jahnke is at the intersection of Jahnke Road and German School Road.

Southside (Richmond, Virginia)
The Southside of Richmond is an area of the Metropolitan Statistical Area surrounding Richmond, Virginia. It generally includes all portions of the City of Richmond that lie south of the James River, and includes all of the former city of Manchester. Depending on context, the term "Southside of Richmond" can include some northern areas of adjacent Chesterfield County, Virginia in the Richmond-Petersburg region. With minor exceptions near Bon Air, VA, the Chippenham Parkway forms the border between Chesterfield County and the City of Richmond portions of Southside, with some news agencies using the term "South Richmond" to refer to the locations in Southside located in the city proper.
Playground (company)
Playground For All, Inc. is an American sexual wellness company headquartered in San Francisco Bay Area, California. Founded in May 2022 by Catherine Magee, Sandy Vukovic, and Christina Aguilera, it manufactures vegan personal lubricants whose products became the first in its category with Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) approval.

Personal lubricant
Personal lubricants (colloquially termed lube) are specialized lubricants used during sexual acts, such as intercourse and masturbation, to reduce friction to or between the penis and vagina, anus or other body parts, or applied to sex toys to reduce friction or to ease penetration.

Surgical or medical lubricants or gels, which are similar to personal lubricants but not usually referred to or labelled as "personal" lubricants, may be used for medical purposes, such as speculum insertion or introduction of a catheter, or for personal pleasure. The primary difference between personal lubricants and surgical lubricants is that surgical lubricants are thicker, sterile gels, typically containing a bacteriostatic agent.
Ashok Desai
Ashok H. Desai (18 December 1932 – 13 April 2020) was an Indian lawyer, practising in the Supreme Court of India. He held office as the Attorney General of India from 9 July 1996 to 6 May 1998. Earlier, he was the Solicitor General of India from 18 December 1989 to 2 December 1990. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan award and the Law Luminary Award in 2001. He was given an honorary doctorate in "recognition of his contribution to the field of law and jurisprudence" by the North Orissa University in September 2009.

Attorney General of India
The Attorney General for India (AG of India) is the chief legal advisor of the Government of India. The Attorney General is appointed by the President of India at the instance of the Union Cabinet under Article 76(1) of the Constitution and hold office during the pleasure of the President. The Attorney General must meet the qualifications necessary for an appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court. Therefore, the Attorney General should have served as a judge in a high court for a minimum of five years, or as an advocate in a high court for at least ten years. Alternatively, the President may consider an individual as eligible for the role if they are deemed an eminent jurist.

R. Venkataramani is the incumbent Attorney General for India. He succeeded to the office as the 16th Attorney General on 1 October 2022. His predecessor was K. K. Venugopal.
History of physics
Physics is a branch of science in which the primary objects of study are matter and energy. These topics were discussed across many cultures in ancient times by philosophers, but they had no means to distinguish causes of natural phenomena from superstitions.

The Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, especially the discovery of the law of gravity, began a process of knowledge accumulation and specialization that gave rise to the field of physics.

Mathematical advances of the 18th century gave rise to classical mechanics, and the increased used of the experimental method led to new understanding of thermodynamics.

In the 19th century, the basic laws of electromagnetism and statistical mechanics were discovered.

At the beginning of the 20th century, physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory.

Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics.

Classical physics
Classical physics consists of scientific theories in the field of physics that are non-quantum or both non-quantum and non-relativistic, depending on the context. In historical discussions, classical physics refers to pre-1900 physics, while modern physics refers to post-1900 physics, which incorporates elements of quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. However, relativity is based on classical field theory rather than quantum field theory, and is often categorized as a part of "classical physics".
Kwon Ji Yong
Kwon Ji Yong (Korean: 권지용) is the second extended play (EP) by South Korean rapper G-Dragon, released digitally on June 8, 2017 by YG Entertainment. The EP was his first release in four years, following his second studio album Coup d'Etat (2013). The physical release was made on a USB flash drive in lieu of a traditional compact disc. The EP was generally well-received by critics who praised G-Dragon's honesty and vulnerability on the EP. This was G-Dragon's final release before his military enlistment on February 27, 2018, as well as before his departure from YG in 2023.

The EP debuted atop the US Billboard World Albums and Heatseekers Albums, and also topped the Billboard Hot Albums in Japan. The EP was a commercial success in mainland China, where it sold one million digital copies in less than a week, and was the best-selling digital album of 2017 by a Korean artist. To promote the record, G-Dragon embarked on his Act III: M.O.T.T.E World Tour just two days after its release.

Coup d'Etat (G-Dragon album)
Coup d'Etat is the second studio album by South Korean rapper G-Dragon, member and leader of South Korean boy band Big Bang. The album was initially released on iTunes. The first five tracks of the album were released on September 2, 2013, the next seven tracks were released on September 5, and physical copies were released on September 13.

The album was supported by the singles "Black" and "Who You?" released on September 2, and "Crooked" and "Niliria" on September 5. It also contains the promotional single "MichiGO", which was released on April 1, 2013. The album charted at number one on the South Korean Gaon Album Chart and entered the Billboard 200, making G-Dragon the first K-pop act with multiple entries in that chart. Coup d'Etat received primarily favorable reviews by critics.
IMGT
IMGT or the international ImMunoGeneTics information system is a collection of databases and resources for immunoinformatics, particularly the V, D, J, and C gene sequences, as well as a providing other tools and data related to the adaptive immune system. IMGT/LIGM-DB, the first and still largest database hosted as part of IMGT contains reference nucleotide sequences for 360 species' T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin molecules, as of 2023. These genes encode the proteins which are the foundation of adaptive immunity, which allows highly specific recognition and memory of pathogens.

Computational immunology
In academia, computational immunology is a field of science that encompasses high-throughput genomic and bioinformatics approaches to immunology. The field's main aim is to convert immunological data into computational problems, solve these problems using mathematical and computational approaches and then convert these results into immunologically meaningful interpretations.
Perthes lesion
Perthes lesion is a variant of Bankart lesion, presenting as an anterior glenohumeral injury that occurs when the scapular periosteum remains intact but is stripped medially and the anterior labrum is avulsed from the glenoid but remains partially attached to the scapula by intact periosteum.

Bankart lesion
A Bankart lesion is a type of shoulder injury that occurs following a dislocated shoulder. It is an injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum of the shoulder. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it. It is an indication for surgery and often accompanied by a Hill–Sachs lesion, damage to the posterior humeral head.

A bony Bankart is a Bankart lesion that includes a fracture of the anterior-inferior glenoid cavity of the scapula.

The Bankart lesion is named after English orthopedic surgeon Arthur Sydney Blundell Bankart (1879–1951).
Vermont Route F-5
Vermont Route F-5 (VT F-5) is a town-maintained state highway located in Chittenden County, Vermont, in the United States. The route, assigned in the late 1920s, is the last remaining F-X designation in Vermont. F-X route designations were previously used for roads leading to ferries across Lake Champlain.  VT F-5's western terminus is at the Charlotte–Essex Ferry traversing Lake Champlain, which links VT F-5 with New York State Route 22 (NY 22) on the opposite side of the lake. The eastern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 7 (US 7) in Charlotte. It is known as Ferry Road for its entire length.

Lake Champlain Transportation Company
The Lake Champlain Transportation Company (LCTC or LCT) is a vehicle ferry operator that runs three routes across Lake Champlain between the US states of New York and Vermont. From 1976 to 2003, the company was owned by Burlington, Vermont, businessman Raymond C. Pecor Jr., who is chairman of its board. In 2003, he sold the company to his son, Raymond Pecor III.

Lake Champlain is the thirteenth-largest lake in the United States, reaching a maximum width of 12 miles (19 km) and depths of more than 300 feet (91 m). As such, there is no bridging of the "broad lake" north of Crown Point, New York, and south of the Rouses Point–Alburgh–Swanton crossing near the Canada–United States border, though bridging of the lake near Plattsburgh has been proposed. Approximately one million passengers cross the lake by ferry each year.
Yvain, the Knight of the Lion
Yvain, the Knight of the Lion (French: Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion) is an Arthurian romance by French poet Chrétien de Troyes. It was written c. 1180 simultaneously with Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, and includes several references to the narrative of that poem. It is a story of knight-errantry, in which the protagonist Yvain (Ywain) is first rejected by his lady for breaking a very important promise, and subsequently performs a number of heroic deeds in order to regain her favour. The poem has been adapted into several other medieval works, including the German Iwein and the Welsh Owain.

Knight-errant
A knight-errant (or knight errant) is a figure of medieval chivalric romance literature. The adjective errant (meaning "wandering, roving") indicates how the knight-errant would wander the land in search of adventures to prove his chivalric virtues, either in knightly duels (pas d'armes) or in some other pursuit of courtly love.