hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Börßum–Kreiensen railway
The Börßum–Kreiensen railway (also known in German as the Braunschweigische Südbahn—"Brunswick Southern Railway") was built by the Duchy of Brunswick State Railway as a link from its Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway to the Hanoverian Southern Railway. It ran through the northwestern Harz Foreland from Börßum via Salzgitter, Ringelheim and Seesen to Kreiensen. It opened on 5 August 1856 and is one of the oldest railways in Germany.

In 1956 a shorter link to Brunswick was built in the shape of the Brunswick–Salzgitter Bad railway.

Hanoverian Southern Railway
The Hanoverian Southern Railway (German: Hannöversche Südbahn) is a historical term but it is still a common name for the line between Hanover and Kassel. It is a German main line railway in Lower Saxony and is one of the oldest lines in Germany, opened between 1853 and 1856 by the Royal Hanoverian State Railways.
Salem City Municipal Corporation
Salem City Municipal Corporation (SCMC)  is a civic body that governs Salem city, Tamil Nadu, India. It consists of a legislative and an executive body. The legislative body is headed by the city mayor while the executive body is headed by a Chief Commissioner. This corporation consists of 60 wards and is headed by a Mayor who presides over a Deputy Mayor and 60 councillors who represent each ward in the city. SCMC is the fifth largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu. For administrative purposes, the Salem corporation is divided into four zones: Suramangalam, Hasthampatty, Ammapettai, and Kondalampatty. Each Zonal Office has its own Zonal Chairman and an Asst. Commissioner to take care of Zonal Activities.

Salem, Tamil Nadu
Salem (pronounced [seːlam] ⓘ) is a major tier II city in Salem district, located on the banks of the Thirumanimutharu river in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu surrounded by mountains. Salem is the fifth largest urban agglomeration in the state, and the third largest metropolitan region. The city is 124 km2 (48 sq mi) large.
KIHC (AM)
KIHC (890 AM) is a non-commercial radio station that is licensed to Arroyo Grande, California and broadcasts to the San Luis Obispo and Santa Maria, California areas. The station is owned by Relevant Radio, Inc. and broadcasts the Roman Catholic talk and teaching format of its nationally syndicated Relevant Radio network.

Non-commercial educational station
A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.
Nearly all non-commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by Congress to support public radio.
Gibson's Discount Center
Gibson's Discount Center, also known as Gibson's, was a large discount store chain in the United States.

There are a few Gibson's Discount Centers still operating under independent ownership; two in Texas in Weatherford and Kerrville, and two in Kansas in Salina and Clay Center.

Weatherford, Texas
Weatherford  (/ˈwɛðərfərd/) is a city in and the county seat of Parker County, Texas, United States. In 2020, its population was 30,854. Weatherford is named after Thomas J. Weatherford, a State senator and advocate for Texas's secession to the Confederate States during the American Civil War.
Col de la Schlucht
The Col de la Schlucht (French pronunciation: [kɔl də la ʃluxt] ⓘ; elevation 1,139 m (3,737 ft)) is a mountain pass in the Vosges Mountains of France. On the west side lies the historical region of Lorraine (Lothringen in German), on the east side lies the historical region of Alsace (Elsass in German).

The pass takes its name from the German word "Schlucht", meaning "gorge" or "ravine". It connects Munster (Haut-Rhin) with Gérardmer (Vosges) (east–west, via the D417) and is also crossed by the Route des Crêtes (north–south, D61 and D430).

Near the Col, along the Route des Crêtes (D430) is the source of the Meurthe.

The climb over the pass has been used several times in the Tour de France cycle race.

Vosges
The Vosges (/voʊʒ/ VOHZH, French: [voʒ] ⓘ; German: Vogesen [voˈɡeːzn̩] ⓘ; Franconian and Alemannic German: Vogese) is a range of medium mountains in Eastern France, near its border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single geomorphological unit and low mountain range of around 8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi) in area. It runs in a north-northeast direction from the Burgundian Gate (the Belfort–Ronchamp–Lure line) to the Börrstadt Basin (the Winnweiler–Börrstadt–Göllheim line), and forms the western boundary of the Upper Rhine Plain.

The Grand Ballon is the highest peak at 1,424 m (4,672 ft), followed by the Storkenkopf (1,366 m, 4,482 ft), and the Hohneck (1,364 m, 4,475 ft).
Alberto Aguilar (Spanish footballer)
Alberto Aguilar Leiva (born 12 July 1984), known simply as Alberto, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a centre-back or defensive midfielder, and is currently the Sporting Director at Antequera CF.

He totalled 278 games and 18 goals in the Segunda División, with Málaga B, Granada 74, Albacete, Córdoba and Ponferradina. In La Liga he represented Málaga (one appearance) and Getafe (32), and also played professionally in Australia and Cyprus.

Córdoba CF
Córdoba Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa]), is a Spanish football club based in Córdoba, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1954 after the dissolution of RCD Córdoba, the team currently plays in the Segunda Division, with its home matches at the Estadio Nuevo Arcángel, which has a capacity of 25,800 seats.
NCAA Season 6 basketball tournaments
The 1930 NCAA basketball tournaments, now known as the NCAA Season 6 basketball tournaments, are the basketball tournaments of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) (NCAA) for its 1930–31 season. Two tournaments were held, the seniors' tournament for male collegiate players, and the midgets' tournament, for male high school students.

The tournaments began on August 14, 1930, with Tomas Earnshaw, the mayor of Manila, performing the ceremonial toss, and ended on November 6, 1930.

The University of Santo Tomas (UST) won the seniors' tournament, their first, and to date, only NCAA basketball title. Meanwhile, San Juan de Letran College won their third consecutive midgets' championship.

UST Growling Tigers basketball
The UST Growling Tigers basketball is the intercollegiate men's basketball program of the University of Santo Tomas. The school has won 19 basketball titles including one in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). They are one of the winningest teams in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) with 18 championships, the last coming in 2006 during Pido Jarencio's rookie year of coaching. Jarencio returned as the team's head coach after ten years since resigning in 2013. He formally replaced Bal David on February 3, 2023.
Bobby Ash
Robert William "Bobby" Ash (November 5, 1925 – May 20, 2007) was an English-born Canadian actor who became known to children in the Toronto area as Uncle Bobby the host of The Uncle Bobby Show on local station CFTO-TV.

CFTO-DT
CFTO-DT (channel 9, cable channel 8) is a television station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, serving as the flagship station of the CTV Television Network, a division of Bell Media. It is sister to Barrie-based CTV2 flagship CKVR-DT, channel 3 (although the two stations maintain separate operations). CFTO-DT's studios are located at 9 Channel Nine Court in the former city of Scarborough, and its transmitter is located atop the CN Tower in Downtown Toronto. The station shares the Agincourt studio complex with CTV's national headquarters, which includes studios for the network's news programming (CTV National News and the CTV News Channel), along with most of Bell Media's specialty channels.
Tālava
Tālava (Latgalian: Tuolova; Latin: Tholowa) was a Latgalian country in the northern Vidzeme and northern Latgale region of modern-day Latvia. It was bordered by the Latgalian Principality of Jersika to the south, the Livonian counties of Metsepole and Idumeja to the west, the Estonian counties of Sakala and Ugandi to the north and the Russian Novgorod Republic to the east.

Tālava was first mentioned in the Livonian Chronicle of Henry in 1207 as the Christian County of Tholowa. Russian chronicles refer to the county of Atzele (Russian: Очела, romanized: Ochela), first mentioned in 1111, which was probably the eastern part of Tālava. The county existed from the 10th century until 1224 when it was divided between Bishopric of Riga and the Brothers of the Sword.

Livonian Brothers of the Sword
The order of Livonian Brothers of the Sword or Sword Brethren (German: Schwertbrüderorden), formally known as The Militia of Christ of Livonia  (Latin: Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae) was a Catholic military order of German crusading knights established in 1202 in Livonia by Albert, the third bishop of Riga. Pope Innocent III sanctioned the establishment in 1204 for the second time.

The membership of the crusading order comprised warrior monks, mostly from northern Germany, who fought Baltic and Finnic pagans in the area of modern-day Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Following their defeat by the Samogitians and Semigallians in the Battle of Saule in 1236, the remnants of the order were disbanded by the Pope in 1237 when some of the surviving sword brethren were allowed to return to Germany and those who opted to stay in "Terra Mariana" (Livonia) were accepted into the local branch of the Teutonic Order.
Ivan Dziuba
Ivan Mykhailovych Dziuba (Ukrainian: Іван Михайлович Дзюба; 26 July 1931 – 22 February 2022) was a Ukrainian literary critic, social activist, and Soviet dissident. Honoured as a Hero of Ukraine in 2001, Dziuba was an academic of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the second Minister of Culture of Ukraine (1992—1994), and head of the committee for Shevchenko National Prize (1999–2001).

Dziuba was the editor in chief of the magazine The Contemporary (Ukrainian: «Сучасність») and during the 1990s was a member of the editorial boards of scientific magazines Kyiv Antiquity  (Ukrainian: «Київська старовина»), Word and Time («Слово і час»), Euroatlantic  («Євроатлантика»), and others. He was also the Co-Chief of editorial board of the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine.

Hero of Ukraine
A Hero of Ukraine (abbr.  HOU; Ukrainian: Герой України, romanized: Heroi Ukrainy) is the highest national decoration that can be conferred upon an individual citizen by the president of Ukraine.

The decoration was created in 1998 by President Leonid Kuchma. As of January 26, 2026, the total number of recipients was no less than 1,255 (of which decrees awarding 1,216 individuals were published, and for at least 39 individuals, the decrees were not made public).

The decoration is granted to two classes of recipients: to civilians, the Order of the State (abbr.  OS, Ukrainian: Орден Держави, romanized: Orden Derzhavy); and to military recipients, the Order of the Gold Star (abbr.  OGS, Орден «Золота Зірка», Orden "Zolota Zirka").

The first foreigner awarded the decoration was Belarusian Mykhailo Zhyznevskyi in June 2017.
Nea Salamis Famagusta VC
Nea Salamis Famagusta VC or Nea Salamina Famagusta VC (Greek: Νέα Σαλαμίς Αμμοχώστου) is a professional volleyball team based in Ammochostos (also known by its romanized name, Famagusta), Cyprus. It has been a refugee club since the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, when Turkey occupied the northern part of the island. The club is temporarily based in Limassol. The team is part of the Nea Salamina Famagusta sports club, which was founded in 1948; the parent club also fields a men's football team which temporarily based in Larnaka.

Nea Salamina Famagusta VC is one of the most powerful teams in Cyprus. With 9 championships, 8 cups and 8 Super Cups it is the second team in trophies after Anorthosis Famagusta FC. The ground of the team is in Limassol, the indoor athletic arena Spyros Kyprianou Athletic Center.

Spyros Kyprianou Athletic Center
The Spyros Kyprianou Athletic Center or Spyros Kyprianou Sports Centre (Greek: Αθλητικό Κέντρο "Σπύρος Κυπριανού", romanized: Athlitikó Kéntro "Spýros Kyprianoú"), also known as Spyros Kyprianou Arena and Palais des sports, is an indoor arena located in the Kato Polemidia district of Limassol, Cyprus. Opened in late 2005, it is named after the late president of Cyprus, Spyros Kyprianou and is the largest event hall in the country.
Mariana Vicente
Mariana Paola Vicente Morales (born January 8, 1989) is a Puerto Rican actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Puerto Rico 2010 and placed in the Top 10 at the 2010 Miss Universe pageant held in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Miss Universe 2010
Miss Universe 2010 was the 59th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on August 23, 2010.

At the end of the event, Stefanía Fernández of Venezuela crowned Ximena Navarrete of Mexico as Miss Universe 2010. It was Mexico's second victory after their victory in 1991.

Contestants from eighty-three countries and territories participated in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by Bret Michaels and Natalie Morales. John Legend, The Roots, and Cirque du Soleil performed in this year's pageant.
Ken Oosterbroek
Ken Oosterbroek (14 February 1962 – 18 April 1994) was a South African photojournalist and member of the Bang-Bang Club. He worked for The Star in Johannesburg, which was South Africa's biggest daily broadsheet. He won numerous photography awards for his work.

Greg Marinovich
Greg Marinovich (born Gregory Sebastian Marinovich, 8 December 1962) is a Pulitzer-awarded South African photojournalist, filmmaker, photo editor, and member of the Bang-Bang Club.

He co-authored the book The Bang-Bang Club: Snapshots from a Hidden War (2000), which details South Africa's transition to constitutional democracy.
William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham (c. 1510 – 12 January 1573) was an English diplomat and military officer. He served four monarchs, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I, in various official capacities, most notably on diplomatic missions and as Lord Admiral and Lord Chamberlain of the Household.

Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom
Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom (of England beginning in the 14th century, later of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800) is the title of the ceremonial head of the Royal Navy. Most have been courtiers or members of the British royal family, and not professional naval officers. The Lord High Admiral is one of the nine English Great Officers of State and since 2021 is held personally by the reigning monarch (currently King Charles III, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces).
Maryland Million Oaks top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Maryland Million Oaks, an American state-bred stakes race for three-year-old fillies at one mile (8 furlongs) on the dirt held at Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland.  (List 1986-present)

Laurel Park (race track)
Laurel Park, formerly Laurel Race Course, is an American thoroughbred racetrack located just outside Laurel, Maryland which opened in 1911.  The track is 1+1⁄8 miles in circumference. Its name was changed to "Laurel Race Course" for several decades until returning to the "Laurel Park" designation in 1994.

In April 2024 the Maryland General Assembly approved a bill that would consolidate thoroughbred racing in Maryland to Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore. Laurel Park is expected to host the 2026 Preakness Stakes, and was then to permanently close for racing once renovations at Pimlico were completed. In January 2026, Maryland officials announced that they had reached an agreement to purchase Laurel Park from the Stronach Group for $50 million, with plans to convert it into a horse training center.
John McCausland
John McCausland Jr. (September 13, 1836 – January 22, 1927) was a brigadier general in the Confederate army, famous for the ransom of Hagerstown, Maryland and the razing of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania during the American Civil War.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Army Group South
Army Group South (German: Heeresgruppe Süd) was the name of one of three German Army Groups during World War II.

It was first used in the 1939 September Campaign, along with Army Group North to invade Poland. In the invasion of Poland, Army Group South was led by Gerd von Rundstedt and his chief of staff Erich von Manstein.

Two years later, Army Group South became one of three army groups into which Germany organised their forces for Operation Barbarossa. Army Group South's principal objective was to capture Soviet Ukraine and its capital Kiev.

In September 1944, Army Group South Ukraine was renamed Army Group South in Eastern Hungary. It fought in Western Hungary until March 1945 and retired to Austria at the end of the Second World War, where it was renamed Army Group Ostmark on 2 April 1945.

Army Group Ostmark
Army Group Ostmark (German: Heeresgruppe Ostmark) was an army group of Nazi Germany. It was formed near the end of World War II and active for just over a month, between 2 April and 8 May 1945. Its sole commander was Lothar Rendulic and its main area of operations was German-controlled Austria.
CD Marino
Club Deportivo Marino Playa de Las Américas, known simply as CD Marino, is a semi-professional Spanish football club based in Playa de Las Américas, Tenerife, in the autonomous community of the Canary Islands.

Founded in 1933, the club hails from the Tenerife tourist hotspot of Los Cristianos, moving to its 7,500 capacity Estadio Antonio Domínguez Alfonso in Playa de Las Américas in 1969. It currently plays in the Tercera Federación – Group 12.

Tercera Federación
Tercera Federación, previously known as Tercera RFEF, is the fifth tier of the Spanish football league system. It is below the La Liga, Segunda División, and its fellow semi-professional divisions Primera Federación and Segunda Federación. It was founded in 1929 as the third tier, and dropped down to the fourth and fifth tiers in 1977 and 2021, respectively.
Takir (soil)
Takir (takyr) (originally from Kazakh or another Turkic language) meaning "smooth, even, or bare", is a type of relief occurring in the deserts of Central Asia, similar to a salt flat in the southwestern United States.  A takyr is usually formed in a shallow depressed area with a heavy clay soil, which is submerged by water after seasonal rains. After the water evaporates, a dried crust with fissures forms on the surface. The crust is often colonized by filamentous cyanobacteria.

In the southwestern U.S. "takyrs" are known as "playas" or "salt flats", in Arab countries as "sabkha".

Soil crust
Soil crusts are soil surface layers that are distinct from the rest of the bulk soil, often hardened with a platy surface. Depending on the manner of formation, soil crusts can be biological or physical. Biological soil crusts are formed by communities of microorganisms that live on the soil surface whereas physical crusts are formed by physical impact such as that of raindrops.
Jordan Goodwin
Jordan Goodwin (born October 23, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Saint Louis Billikens.

Saint Louis Billikens men's basketball
The Saint Louis Billikens men's basketball team is the intercollegiate men's basketball program representing Saint Louis University. They compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference. The head coaching position is currently filled by Josh Schertz. Chaifetz Arena is home to the Billikens. The Billikens have reached the championship game of the NIT tournament four times and have won it once (1948). They have appeared in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament ten times, most recently in 2019.
Śāstra pramāṇam
In Hinduism, Śāstra pramāṇam refers to the authority of the scriptures (śruti, Vedas) with regard to puruṣārtha, the objects of human pursuit, namely dharma (right conduct), artha (means of life), kāma (pleasure) and mokṣa (liberation). Together with smṛti ("that which is remembered, tradition": Dharmaśāstra, Hindu Epics, Puranas), ācāra (good custom), and ātmatuṣṭi ("what is pleasing to oneself"), it provides pramana (means of knowledge) and sources of dharma, as expressed in Classical Hindu law, philosophy, rituals and customs.

The first two are undisputed epistemic sources (pramāṇa), where śruti holds the ultimate or supreme authority as Śāstra pramāṇam, while there is difference of opinion for ācāra and ātmatuṣṭi.

Classical Hindu law
Classical Hindu law is a category of Hindu law (dharma) in traditional Hinduism, taken to begin with the transmittance of the Vedas and ending in 1772 with the adoption of "A Plan for the Administration of Justice in Bengal" by the Bengal government.
Idaten Jump
Idaten Jump (Japanese: IDATEN翔 / 韋駄天翔, Hepburn: Idaten Shō) is a Japanese manga series created by Toshihiro Fujiwara. It was serialized in Kodansha's Comic BomBom. The manga tells the story about a boy named Sho Yamato who loves mountain biking. It was adapted into a 52-episode anime series produced by Aniplex, TV Tokyo and TV Tokyo MediaNet, animated by Trans Arts and directed by Takayuki Hamana, with Fumihiko Shimo writing the scripts, Miyako Yatsu designing the characters and Yasuharu Takanashi composing the music. It aired from October 1, 2005, to September 30, 2006. A toyline was also made by Tomy.

Mountain biking
Mountain biking (abbr. MTB) is a sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, usually using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain, such as air or coil-sprung shocks used as suspension, larger and wider wheels and tires, stronger frame materials, and mechanically or hydraulically actuated disc brakes. Mountain biking can generally be broken down into distinct categories: cross country, trail, all mountain, enduro, downhill and freeride.