hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Bortnikov
Alexander Vasilyevich Bortnikov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Бо́ртников; born 15 November 1951) is a Russian intelligence officer who has served as the director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) since 2008. He is one of the most powerful members of the silovik faction of president Vladimir Putin's inner circle. A Hero of the Russian Federation since 2019, he also holds the rank of General of the Army, the second highest grade in use in the Russian military. According to some experts, it is likely Bortnikov played a key role in Putin's decision to invade Ukraine in 2022.

Director of the Federal Security Service
The Director of Russia's Federal Security Service (Директор Федеральной Службы Безопасности) is the head and chief executive officer of the Federal Security Service, which is one of several Russian intelligence agencies. The Director of FSB reports directly to the president of Russia. The Director is assisted by the Deputy Director of the FSB.

The Director is a civilian or a general of the armed forces nominated by the president, with the concurring or nonconcurring recommendation from the Secretary of the Security Council of Russia and must be confirmed by a majority vote of the Federation Council.
Caterham 7 CSR
The Caterham Seven CSR is a sports car manufactured by Caterham Cars. The CSR is the most heavily modified Caterham, though it still retains the basic look of the Super Seven. The CSR has two engine options based on the same Duratec block, though modifications and power output differ. The entry level engine produces 200 bhp (149 kW), with a 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) time of 3.7 seconds. The upgraded engine produces 260 bhp (194 kW), with a 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) time of 3.1 seconds and a top speed of 155 mph (249 km/h).

Lotus Seven
The Lotus Seven is a sports car produced by the British manufacturer Lotus Cars (initially called Lotus Engineering) between 1957 and 1973. The Seven is an open-wheel car with two seats and an open top. It was designed by Lotus founder Colin Chapman and has been considered the embodiment of the Lotus philosophy of performance through low weight and simplicity. The original model was highly successful with more than 2,500 cars sold, due to its attraction as a road legal car that could be used for clubman racing.

After Lotus ended production of the Seven in 1973, Caterham bought the rights and today Caterham makes both kits and fully assembled cars based on the original design known as the Caterham 7.

The Lotus Seven design has spawned a host of imitations on the kit car market, generally called Sevens or Sevenesque roadsters.
Alexandria Extension
The Alexandria Extension is a short rail line in Washington, D.C. and Prince George's County, Maryland.  Its northern portion connects the Capital Subdivision to the RF&P Subdivision, allowing freight trains to avoid Downtown Washington.  Its southern portion, the Shepherd Industrial Spur (aka Shepherd Branch), extends south to Shepherds Landing, directly across the Potomac River from Alexandria, Virginia; service on this portion ended in 2001.

It is currently part of CSX Transportation's Capital Subdivision.

RF&P Subdivision
The RF&P Subdivision is a railroad line operated by CSX Transportation and jointly owned by CSX and Virginia. It runs from Washington, D.C., to Richmond, Virginia, over lines previously owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad. The line's name pays homage to that railroad, which was a predecessor to the CSX.
Suresh Bansal
Suresh Bansal (31 January 1943 – 29 January 2022) was an Indian politician and a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh of India. He represented the Ghaziabad constituency of Uttar Pradesh and was a member of the Bahujan Samaj Party political party.

16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (a.k.a. Sixteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) was constituted on 15 March 2012 as a result of 2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election held between 8 Feb to 3 March 2012. The Sixteenth Legislative Assembly has total of 404 MLAs (including one nominated Anglo-Indian member) against a total strength of 404 members.
VisionOS
visionOS is an extended reality operating system derived primarily from iPadOS and its core frameworks (including UIKit, SwiftUI, ARKit and RealityKit), and MR-specific frameworks for foveated rendering and real-time interaction. It was developed by Apple exclusively for its Apple Vision Pro mixed reality headset. It was unveiled on June 5, 2023, at Apple's WWDC23 event alongside the reveal of the Apple Vision Pro. The software released on February 2, 2024, shipping with the Apple Vision Pro.

IPadOS
iPadOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple for its iPad line of tablet computers. It was given a name distinct from iOS, the operating system used by Apple's iPhones, to reflect the diverging features of the two product lines, such as multitasking. It was introduced as iPadOS 13, reflecting its status as the successor to iOS 12 for the iPad, and first released to the public on September 24, 2019. Major versions of iPadOS are released annually; the current stable version, iPadOS 26.2.1, was released to the public on January 26, 2026.
Shirish Baban Deo
Air Marshal Shirish Baban Deo, PVSM, AVSM, VM, VSM, ADC was the Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) of the Indian Air Force. He assumed the office of Vice Chief on 31 December 2016 from Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa and served in the same capacity till his retirement on 30 September 2018.

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Microscopium Supercluster
The Microscopium Supercluster is a supercluster located in the constellation Microscopium. First noticed in the early 1990s, it has received little study. It is composed of Abell clusters 3695 and 3696, while the relations of Abell clusters 3693 and 3705 in the same field are unclear.

Supercluster
A supercluster is a large group of smaller galaxy clusters or galaxy groups; they are among the largest known structures in the universe. The Milky Way is part of the Local Group galaxy group (which contains more than 54 galaxies), which in turn is part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is part of the Laniakea Supercluster, which is part of the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex. The large size and low density of superclusters means that most of them, unlike clusters, expand with the Hubble expansion. The number of superclusters in the observable universe is estimated to be 10 million.
Real gas
Real gases are non-ideal gases whose molecules occupy space and have interactions; consequently, they do not adhere to the ideal gas law.
To understand the behaviour of real gases, the following must be taken into account:

compressibility effects;

variable specific heat capacity;

van der Waals forces;

non-equilibrium thermodynamic effects;

issues with molecular dissociation and elementary reactions with variable composition

For most applications, such a detailed analysis is unnecessary, and the ideal gas approximation can be used with reasonable accuracy. On the other hand, real-gas models have to be used near the condensation point of gases, near critical points, at very high pressures, to explain the Joule–Thomson effect, and in other less usual cases. The deviation from ideality can be described by the compressibility factor Z.

Critical point (thermodynamics)
Subcritical ethane, liquid and gas phase coexist.

Critical point (32.17 °C, 48.72 bar), displaying critical opalescence.

Supercritical ethane, fluid.

In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas comes into a supercritical phase, and so cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. At the critical point, defined by a critical temperature Tc and a critical pressure pc, phase boundaries vanish. Other examples include the liquid–liquid critical points in mixtures, and the ferromagnet–paramagnet transition (Curie temperature) in the absence of an external magnetic field.
Çük
Çük (Çuq; Tatar pronunciation: [ɕyk] or [ɕuq]; Cyrillic: Чук, Чүк, Чӳк, Чӱк) was a holiday of Keräşen Tatars, Chuvashes, Udmurts, preserved before the beginning of 20th century. It was celebrated as summer, before the Whitsunday or at the Poqraw eve (The Intercession). Commoners arranged a collective meal, and called for rain. Recent years Çük is celebrated in several districts of Tatarstan and is held in the manner of Sabantuy, in Chuvash чӳке(н) - rinse.

Sabantuy
Sabantuy is a Tatar, Idel-Uralian, Bashkir and Kazakh ('Sabantoy') summer festival, that dates back to the Volga Bulgarian epoch. At first Sabantuy was a festival of farmers in rural areas, but it later became a national holiday and now is widely celebrated in the cities. In 2012, Kazan Sabantuy was celebrated on June 23.
Salamfone
Salamfone, a subsidiary of Kuwait’s Reach Telecom, was the world's first Syariah compliant mobile network. The Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) operated using the Maxis 2G network. 
Salamfone closed down its business on 1 August 2013.

Maxis Communications
Maxis Berhad (business as Maxis, and stylized in lowercase title), company number 200901024473 (867573-A), is a communications service provider in Malaysia. It is one of the oldest and largest telecommunications companies in the country. Headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, it provides a variety of communication products, applications and value added services for consumers, large enterprises as well as small & medium business owners. Maxis uses the dialing prefixes of "011 12000000 through 12499999", "012", "014-2", and "017". The majority of the company's stake is owned by Malaysian billionaire, Ananda Krishnan. Its coverage is from Arau (Perlis) to Long Pasia (Sabah).
Galeotto I Pico
Galeotto I Pico della Mirandola (3 August 1442 - 9 April 1499) was an Italian condottiero and nobleman, Signore of Mirandola and Concordia. He was noted by contemporaries for his tyranny. The son of Gianfrancesco I Pico, Galeotto initially allied himself to the Duchy of Ferrara, first fighting for Duke Borso d'Este and then Ercole I d'Este, with whom he formed a strong bond. In 1486, he switched allegiance to Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. He fought his brother Antonio for the Signoria of Mirandola. He was ultimately successful in the last battle, taking his brother's place in 1491, which was reaffirmed two years later. He died in 1499 and was succeeded by his son Giovanni Francesco.

Gianfrancesco I Pico
Gianfrancesco I Pico (1415 – 8 November 1467) was an Italian condottiero and nobleman, the father to philosopher Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.

He was the son of Giovanni I Pico, lord of Mirandola in what is now Emilia Romagna, and Caterina Bevilacqua, a Veronese noblewoman. When his father died in 1450, Gianfrancesco succeeded him in Mirandola and, in the same year, he fought alongside Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, lord of Rimini, who was then under attack of Pope Pius II's troops. In 1462 he was captured by Federico II da Montefeltro, remaining his prisoner until the Venetians paid a ransom the following year.

After his death, in 1467, the members of the Pico family started a feud on the family's land which lasted some one hundred years.
Zhao Kezhi
Zhao Kezhi (Chinese: 赵克志; born 28 December 1953) is a Chinese retired politician who served as a State Councilor of the People’s Republic of China and as the Minister and Party Committee Secretary of the Ministry of Public Security, with the top police officer rank of Police Commissioner General. He is the former Party Secretary of Hebei and the Party Secretary of Guizhou, and the former Governor of Guizhou. He had also previously served as a vice governor of Shandong and Jiangsu provinces.

State councillor
A State Councillor of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国国务委员; pinyin: guówù wěiyuán) serves as a senior vice leader within the State Council and shares responsibilities with the Vice Premiers in assisting the Premier in the administration and coordination of governmental affairs.
Qianshanosuchus
Qianshanosuchus is a genus of basal crocodyloid from the Paleocene of the Qianshan Basin, China. The fossil material, which includes an incomplete skull and parts of the lower jaw, show various features usually associated with juvenile crocodiles alongside various unique traits that were used to erect a new genus. It is the first and only basal crocodyloid currently known from the Paleocene of China, which had previously only yielded alligatoroids and planocraniids. Its presence in this part of the world and its basal position to species of the genus Asiatosuchus supports the idea that crocodyloids dispersed from Asia into Europe. Qianshanosuchus only includes a single species, Qianshanosuchus youngi.

Planocraniidae
Planocraniidae is an extinct family of eusuchian crocodyliforms known from the Paleogene of Asia, Europe and North America. The family was coined by Li in 1976, and contains three genera, Boverisuchus, Duerosuchus and Planocrania. Planocraniids were highly specialized crocodyliforms that were adapted to living on land. They had extensive body armor, long legs, and blunt claws resembling hooves, and are sometimes informally called "hoofed crocodiles".
New York State Route 125
New York State Route 125 (NY 125) is a 7.50-mile (12.07 km) north–south state highway located within Westchester County, New York, in the United States. The route begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in the Town of Mamaroneck and ends at a junction with NY 22 in the city of White Plains. A section of the route in the city of White Plains is maintained by Westchester County and co-designated as County Route 26 (CR 26). A second county-owned segment exists along the New Rochelle–Scarsdale line as County Route 129. Both numbers are unsigned. NY 125 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, initially extending from US 1 to Mamaroneck Avenue in White Plains. It was extended north to NY 22 in the mid-1930s.

Mamaroneck, New York
Mamaroneck (/məˈmærənɛk/ mə-MARR-ə-nek) is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States.

The population was 31,758 at the 2020 United States census over 29,156 at the 2010 census. There are two villages contained within the town: Larchmont and the Village of Mamaroneck (part of which is located in the adjacent town of Rye). The majority of the town's land area is not within either village, constituting an unincorporated area, although a majority of the population lives within the villages. Legally, the unincorporated section and the villages constitute the town as a political and governmental subdivision of New York State. The town is led by a town board, composed of five town board members, which includes the town supervisor, Jaine Elkind Eney.

Much of the unincorporated section of the town receives its mail via the Larchmont Post Office and thereby has a Larchmont address.
Arkansas Highway 229
Arkansas Highway 229 (AR 229) is a north–south state highway in Arkansas. The route runs 57.61 miles (92.71 km) from Highway 8 in Fordyce north to Interstate 30 (I-30) in Benton. The highway was created on July 10, 1957 during a period of highway system expansion, and extended throughout the 1960s. The route is maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT). A small portion of the route is designated as an Arkansas Heritage Trail for its use during the Civil War.

Arkansas Highway 8
Arkansas Highway 8 (AR 8) is a designation for four state highways in lower Arkansas. One segment runs from the Oklahoma state line east to US 59/US 71 in Mena. A second segment runs from US 59/US 71 in Mena east to US 63 in Warren. A third segment runs from US 63 at Carmel east to US 65 in Eudora. A fourth segment runs from US 65 south of Eudora to US 65 at Arkla.
Xanthosine phosphorylase
Xanthosine phosphorylase, also known as inosine-guanosine phosphorylase, is a catalytic enzyme encoded by the XapA gene in E. coli. The presence of xanthosine is known to induce the synthesis of xanthosine phosphorylase by the XapA gene. The enzyme's main functions are nucleoside phosphorolysis and the synthesis of nucleotides, making it a member of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase group. This protein can degrade all purine nucleosides (including xanthosine) except adenosine, deoxyadenosine, hypoxanthine arabinoside. These degradation reactions are reversible in vitro, however, phosphorolysis dominates in vivo. Xanthosine phosphorylase is localized in the cytoplasm because these degradation functions take place there. Xanthosine phosphorylase preferentially uses the neutral form of xanthosine over its monoanionic form because it prefers to be in a neutral environment.

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, PNP, PNPase or inosine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PNP gene. It catalyzes the chemical reaction

Purine Nucleoside + Inorganic Phosphate (Pi)  Purine Base + α-D-Ribose 1-Phosphate

The enzyme catalyzes reversible interconversion of purine nucleoside and phosphate into purine base and α-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
Anti-Yiddish sentiment
Anti-Yiddish sentiment is a negative attitude towards Yiddish. Opposition to Yiddish may be motivated by antisemitism. Jewish opposition to Yiddish has often come from advocates of the Haskalah, Hebraists, Zionists, and assimilationists.

Jewish assimilation
Jewish assimilation refers either to the gradual cultural assimilation and social integration of Jews in their surrounding culture or to an ideological program in the age of emancipation promoting conformity as a potential solution to historic Jewish marginalization.
Safavid Karabakh
The province of Karabakh (also spelled Qarabagh; Persian: ولایت قره باغ, romanized: Velāyat-e Qarabāgh) was a north-western province of the Safavid Iran, centered on the geographic region of Karabakh.

The governorship of Karabakh was generally held by a member of the Qajars, one of the Qizilbash tribes. Its highlands were controlled by the five Armenian melikdoms.

Melikdoms of Karabakh
The Five Melikdoms of Karabakh, also known as Khamsa Melikdoms (Armenian: Խամսայի մելիքություններ, romanized: Khamsayi melikutyunner), were Armenian feudal entities on the territory of modern Nagorno-Karabakh and neighboring lands, from the dissolution of the Principality of Khachen in the 15th century to the abolition of ethnic feudal entities by the Russian Empire in 1822.
Technicolor for Industrial Films
Technicolor for Industrial Films (1949) is a sponsored film about how Technicolor can be used in industrial films. The film features footage of various objects in Technicolor, showing how it can be used in filmmaking. One scene shows a bunch of everyday goods, first being shown in black-and-white, then in Technicolor.

The film is notable because it's an ephemeral film about ephemeral films, and very few ephemeral films were made about ephemeral films at the time this film was made. The film is now in the public domain.

Technicolor for Industrial Films was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 1995.

Sponsored film
Sponsored film, or ephemeral film, as defined by film archivist Rick Prelinger, is a film made by a particular sponsor for a specific purpose other than as a work of art: the films were designed to serve a specific pragmatic purpose for a limited time. Prelinger estimates that 300,000 industrial and institutional films were made in the U.S. – far more than theatrical films. Many of the films are orphan works since they lack copyright owners or active custodians to guarantee their long-term preservation.
Chanda Rubin
Chanda Rubin (born February 18, 1976) is an American former top-10 professional tennis player. During her career, she reached the semifinals at the 1996 Australian Open, the quarterfinals of the French Open three times, and had wins over world No. 1s Serena Williams and Martina Hingis. In doubles, she won the 1996 Australian Open with Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and alongside Sandrine Testud, were runners-up at the 1999 US Open.

She is also known to have played at the very first official match of the Arthur Ashe Stadium, at the 1997 US Open, in which she faced Tamarine Tanasugarn of Thailand and lost in two sets.

Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
Aránzazu Isabel María "Arantxa" Sánchez Vicario (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈɾanθaθw isaˈβel maˈɾi.a aˈɾantʃa ˈsantʃeθ βiˈkaɾjo]; born 18 December 1971) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 12 weeks, as well as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 111 weeks. A defensive baseliner, Sánchez Vicario won 29 WTA Tour-level singles titles and 69 doubles titles, including 14 major titles: four in singles, six in women's doubles, and four in mixed doubles. She also won four Olympic medals and five Fed Cup titles representing Spain. In 1994, Sánchez Vicario was crowned the ITF World Champion of the year.
Steve Gadd
Stephen Kendall Gadd (born April 9, 1945) is an American drummer and session musician. Gadd is one of the best-known and most highly regarded session and studio drummers in the industry, recognized by his induction into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1984. Gadd's performances on Paul Simon's "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover" (1976) and "Late in the Evening" (1980), Herbie Mann's "Hi-jack" (1975) and Steely Dan's "Aja" (1977) are examples of his style. He has worked with other popular musicians from many genres including Van McCoy, Simon & Garfunkel, James Taylor, Chick Corea, Chuck Mangione, Randy Crawford, Eric Clapton, Michel Petrucciani, Paul McCartney, and David Gilmour.

Chick Corea
Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea (June 12, 1941 – February 9, 2021) was an American jazz pianist, composer, bandleader, and occasional percussionist. His compositions "Spain", "500 Miles High", "La Fiesta", "Armando's Rhumba", and "Windows" are considered jazz standards.

As a member of the Miles Davis band in the late 1960s, Corea participated in the birth of jazz fusion. In the 1970s he formed Return to Forever. Along with McCoy Tyner, Herbie Hancock and Keith Jarrett, Corea is considered one of the foremost pianists of the post-John Coltrane era.

Corea continued to collaborate frequently while exploring different musical styles throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He won 29 Grammy Awards and has been nominated for the award 79 times.