hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Hurry
John Hurry DSO, DFC, (2 January 1920 – 7 June 2015) was a Royal Air Force officer who was one of the first pilots to join No. 83 Squadron of the Pathfinder Force, marking targets for British bombing attacks on Germany during the Second World War, and who later flew many sorties during the Berlin airlift.

Pathfinder (RAF)
The Pathfinders were target-marking squadrons in RAF Bomber Command during World War II. They located and marked targets with flares, at which a main bomber force could aim, increasing the accuracy of their bombing. The Pathfinders were normally the first to receive new blind-bombing aids such as Gee, Oboe and the H2S radar.

The early Pathfinder Force (PFF) squadrons were expanded to become a group, No. 8 (Pathfinder Force) Group, in January 1943. The initial Pathfinder Force was five squadrons, whilst No 8 Group ultimately grew to a strength of 19 squadrons. Whereas the majority of Pathfinder squadrons and personnel were from the Royal Air Force, the group also included No 405 Squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force as well as many individual airmen from the air forces of other Commonwealth countries.
BlackBerry Porsche Design P'9982
The BlackBerry Porsche Design P'9982 is a high-end smartphone by BlackBerry and Porsche Design. Released in December 2013, it is based upon the BlackBerry Z10, having exactly the same internal hardware specifications except for an increase of internal memory from 16 GB to 64 GB and a microSD slot that is now verified for 64 GB cards.

Porsche Design has modified the phone design by adding stainless steel and satin materials to the body to create a more "premium" device, which is slightly larger and has more heft than the BlackBerry Z10. The P'9982 runs Blackberry 10.2.1 and features a slightly modified user interface by Porsche Design that features a new alarm clock, lock screen display, square-shaped icons and custom BBM PINs.

BlackBerry Z10
The BlackBerry Z10 is a touchscreen-based smartphone developed by BlackBerry, previously known as RIM.
The BlackBerry Z10 was the first of two new BlackBerry phones presented at the BlackBerry 10 event on January 30, 2013.  The BlackBerry Z10 was followed by the Z30.
Bay State (TV series)
Bay State is an ongoing television series broadcast on butv10 on the Boston University campus. Originated in 1991, Bay State is the longest-running continuously produced student soap opera in the United States. The series is set at the fictional Beacon Hill College and focuses on the sordid lives of the students there. The 150th episode of Bay State aired in January 2016.

Butv10
BUTV10 (stylized butv10) is Boston University’s student-operated media production and distribution network. Live-streamed and on-demand programming is available online at butv10.com and on campus television channel 10. The network's production facilities and administrative departments are based at the Boston University College of Communication (COM).

Established in 1984 as BUTV by then COM freshman Staffan Sandberg and rebranded BUTV10 in 2005, the organization produces an array of news, information, sports, drama, comedy, and variety programming. Content has received multiple Associated Press, NATAS, Telly, and Webby Award recognitions.
Alfred T. Small
Alfred T. Small (July 16, 1826 – December 25, 1906) was an American sea captain from Maine. He was one of the last "old-time shipmasters" of square-rigged ships, and he sailed around the world four times. He was also shipwrecked on six occasions.

Shipwreck
A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. It results from the event of shipwrecking, which may be intentional or unintentional. There were approximately three million shipwrecks worldwide as of January 1999, according to Angela Croome, a science writer and author who specialized in the history of underwater archaeology  (an estimate rapidly endorsed by UNESCO and other organizations).
When a ship's crew has died or abandoned the ship, and the ship has remained adrift but unsunk, they are instead referred to as ghost ships.
Giorgio Renesi
Giorgio Renesi (Albanian: Gjergj Renësi; Venetian: Zorzi Renesi) was an ethnic Albanian stratioti captain, serving the Republic of Venice in the late 16th century. He participated in various war actions, and fought in different fronts during the Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573).

Stratioti
The Stratioti or Stradioti were mercenary units from the Balkans recruited mainly by states of Southern Europe and Central Europe from the 15th century until the middle of the 18th century. They were largely of Albanian origin (about 80%), others were of Greek (most of whom were captains) and South Slavic origin. They pioneered light cavalry tactics in European armies in the early modern era.
Sherman Zwicker
Sherman Zwicker is a wooden auxiliary fishing schooner built in 1942 at the Smith and Rhuland shipyard, Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. Influenced by the design of the famous Bluenose, Sherman Zwicker was built to fish the Grand Banks. The schooner was built for F. Homer Zwicker of Zwicker and Co. Officially christened in 1942, the F/V Sherman Zwicker is the last operable saltbank fishing vessel in existence.

Grand Banks of Newfoundland
The Grand Banks of Newfoundland are a series of underwater plateaus south-east of the island of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf. The Grand Banks are one of the world's richest fishing grounds, supporting swordfish, haddock and capelin, as well as shellfish, seabirds and sea mammals. Overfishing in the late 20th century caused the collapse of several species, particularly Atlantic cod, leading to the  closure of the Canadian Grand Banks fishery from 1992 to 2024.
Ngân Sơn district
Ngân Sơn is a rural district of Bắc Kạn province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019, the district had a population of 29,269 people. The district covers an area of 644.4 km2 (248.8 sq mi). The district capital lies at Vân Tùng commune.

Ngân Sơn, Thái Nguyên
Ngân Sơn is a commune (xã) and village in Thái Nguyên Province, in Vietnam.

In June 2025, Ngân Sơn Commune was established through the merger of the entire natural area and population of Cốc Đán Commune (natural area: 65.91 km²; population: 2,849), Đức Vân Commune (natural area: 28.64 km²; population: 1,641), and Vân Tùng Township (natural area: 51.01 km²; population: 3,770) of Ngân Sơn District.
Edhir Neechal (1968 film)
Edhir Neechal (transl. Swimming against the current) is a 1968 Indian Tamil-language comedy drama film written and directed by K. Balachander. The film has an ensemble cast including Nagesh, Muthuraman, Sundarrajan, Srikanth, M. R. R. Vasu, Sowcar Janaki and Jayanthi. It is based on Balachander's play of the same name, itself inspired by Sombhu Mitra's play Kanchanranga. The film was released on 12 December 1968, and became a commercial success, with Balachander winning the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Dialogue Writer. It was remade in Telugu as Sambarala Rambabu (1970) and in Hindi as Lakhon Me Ek (1971).

R. Muthuraman
Muthuraman Radhakrishnan (4 July 1929 – 16 October 1981) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in Tamil cinema. He was a leading actor during the 1960s and 1970s and was known as Navarasa Thilagam for his versatile acting and language proficiency. He had paired with all the leading heroines of his time performing in main and character roles.
David T. Abercrombie
David Thomas Abercrombie (June 6, 1867 – August 29, 1931) was the founder of the American brand Abercrombie & Fitch. A topographer and expert in the outdoors, Abercrombie opened the company as New York's outfitter for the elite and later partnered up with co-founder Ezra Fitch – both men managed the Company through great years of success.

Today, his company, Abercrombie & Fitch Co. remains as a prominent American clothing brand. A brand in his name was released by the company in 1998 – abercrombie.

Abercrombie Kids
Abercrombie Kids is a children's clothing brand owned by Abercrombie & Fitch, introduced in 1998. Originally targeting high school consumers aged 13–18 as "abercrombie" its focus has shifted to the 7–14 market as "abercrombie kids", the concept is designed as the children's version of its parent company A&F. There are 122 full-price abercrombie kids stores in the US, Canada, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom; including standalone retail stores and "carve-outs" in larger Abercrombie & Fitch locations.
Akbar Aghayev
Akbar Sattar oglu Aghayev (Azerbaijani: Əkbər Səttar oğlu Ağayev; 1919 – 1944), was a Soviet-Azerbaijani servicemen, lieutenant of the Red Army, and one of the leaders of the anti-fascist resistance in the Buchenwald concentration camp.

Buchenwald Resistance
The Buchenwald Resistance was a resistance group of prisoners at Buchenwald concentration camp. It involved Communists, Social Democrats, and people affiliated with other political parties, unaffiliated people, Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Because Buchenwald prisoners came from a number of countries, the Resistance was also international. Members tried to sabotage Nazi efforts where they could, worked to save the lives of child inmates, and in the last days of the camp, with many Nazis fleeing the approaching allied troops, tried to gain control of the camp itself. After liberation, the prisoners documented their experiences on paper and formed an international committee to look after the welfare of survivors.
Flash prose
Flash prose, also known as flash literature, is brief creative writing, generally on the order of between 500 and 1500 words. It is also an umbrella term that encompasses various short format works such as prose poetry, short essays and other works of creative fiction and nonfiction. The term flash implies fast, impromptu, and short format.

The term flash prose is generally used in the context of writing competitions or other public exhibitions of creativity or skill with language such as weblogs or non-journalistic writing in, for example, a daily, a journal or another type of periodical.

"Judith Kitchen and Mary Paumier Jones," according to Dinty W. Moore, started the flash prose "ball rolling. Their anthology, In Short, published by W. W. Norton in 1996, was an immediate influence on nonfiction writers, and is still widely taught."

Creative nonfiction
Creative nonfiction (also known as literary nonfiction, narrative nonfiction or verfabula) is a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives. Creative nonfiction contrasts with other non-fiction, such as academic, technical, or journalistic writing, which are also rooted in accurate fact but not written to entertain based on prose style. Many writers view creative nonfiction as overlapping with the essay.
Thiaroye massacre
The Thiaroye massacre was a massacre of black African soldiers serving in French West Africa, committed by the French Army on the morning of 1 December 1944 near Dakar, French Senegal. Those killed were members of the Tirailleurs Sénégalais, and were veterans of the 1940 Battle of France who had been recently liberated from prison camps in Europe. After being repatriated to West Africa, they protested against poor conditions and unpaid wages at the Thiaroye military camp. Between 35 and 300 people were killed.

The official French version claimed the killings occurred in response to a massive armed mutiny. However, declassified military documents suggest the massacre was considered in advance (even prior to arrival in Senegal), and most or all of the victims were unarmed.

French West Africa
French West Africa (French: Afrique-Occidentale française, AOF) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in West Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin) and Niger. The federation existed from 1895 until 1958. Its capital was Saint-Louis in Senegal until 1902, and then Dakar until the federation's collapse in 1960.

With an area of 4,689,000 km2, French West Africa was eight times the size of Metropolitan France. French Equatorial Africa had an additional area of 2,500,000 km2.
A Mysterious Affair of Style
A Mysterious Affair of Style is a whodunit mystery novel by British writer Gilbert Adair, first published in 2007. A homage to the Golden Age of Detective Fiction in general and Agatha Christie in particular, the novel is a sequel to Adair's 2006 book, The Act of Roger Murgatroyd.

Golden Age of Detective Fiction
The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels of similar patterns and styles, predominantly in the 1920s and 1930s. While the Golden Age proper is usually taken to refer to works from that period, this type of fiction has been written since at least 1911 and is still being written.

In his history of the detective story, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel, the author Julian Symons heads two chapters devoted to the Golden Age as "the Twenties" and "the Thirties". Symons notes that Philip Van Doren Stern's article, "The Case of the Corpse in the Blind Alley" (1941), "could serve ... as an obituary for the Golden Age." Authors Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Margery Allingham, and Ngaio Marsh have been collectively called the Queens of Crime.
2014 Garanti Koza WTA Tournament of Champions
The 2014 Garanti Koza WTA Tournament of Champions was a singles-only tennis tournament played from 28 October until 2 November 2014, on an indoor hard court. It was won by Andrea Petkovic. For the second year of a two-year deal, the tournament by Turkish construction firm Garanti Koza. This was the sixth edition of the tournament as part of the 2014 WTA Tour as well as the third and last held at Arena Armeec in Sofia, Bulgaria. Defending champion Simona Halep did not take part since she qualified for the 2014 WTA Finals.

2014 WTA Tour
The 2014 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2014 tennis season. The 2014 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tournament of Champions). Also included in the 2014 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which was organized by the ITF and did not distribute ranking points.
1967 German Grand Prix
The 1967 German Grand Prix was a motor race for both Formula One (F1) and  Formula Two (F2) cars held at the Nürburgring on 6 August 1967. It was race 7 of 11 in both the 1967 World Championship of Drivers and the 1967 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers as well a non-Championship race of the 1967 European Formula Two Championship. The 15-lap race was won by Brabham driver Denny Hulme after he started from second position. His teammate Jack Brabham finished second and Ferrari driver Chris Amon came in third.

There had been some changes to the track in an attempt to slow the cars down as they approached the pit area. However, it was clear that the cars had developed considerably over 12 months, so the changes had very little effect on the lap times.

Formula Two
Formula Two (F2) is a type of open-wheel formula racing category first codified in 1948. It was replaced in 1985 by Formula 3000, but revived by the FIA from 2009 to 2012 in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship. The name returned again in 2017 when the former GP2 Series became known as the FIA Formula 2 Championship.
The Time Warp Trio
The Time Warp Trio is a children's fantasy fiction book series written by Jon Scieszka, published between 1991 and 2006. Illustrated by Lane Smith and Adam McCauley, the books follow the adventures of three boys – Joe, Sam, and Fred – who travel through time and space with the aid of a mysterious object known as "The Book". The first book, Knights of the Kitchen Table, was published in 1991.

An animated television adaptation was produced by WGBH Boston and Soup2Nuts and aired on Discovery Kids (later, The Hub).

Soup2Nuts
Soup2Nuts (sometimes referred to as Soup2Nuts Studios, and formerly part of Tom Snyder Productions) was an American animation studio founded by Tom Snyder. The studio is known for its animated comedy series, its use of Squigglevision, a technique of animation that reuses frames to make the animation look more kinetic, and for its style of improvisation in voice acting.
Krasny Kholm, Krasnokholmsky District, Tver Oblast
Krasny Kholm (Russian: Кра́сный Холм) is a town and the administrative center of Krasnokholmsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia. Population:  5,608 (2010 census); 6,396 (2002 census); 7,875 (1989 Soviet census).

Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (Russian: Тверская область, romanized: Tverskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (Russian: Калининская область). Population: 1,353,392 (2010 census).

Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much of the remaining area is occupied by the Valdai Hills, where the Volga, the Western Dvina, and the Dnieper have their source.

Tver Oblast is one of the tourist regions of Russia with a modern tourist infrastructure. There are many historic towns, such as Torzhok, Zubtsov, Kashin, Vyshny Volochyok, and Kalyazin. The oldest of these is Rzhev, primarily known for the Battles of Rzhev in World War II and the Rzhev Memorial. Staritsa was the seat of the last appanage principality in Russia, while Ostashkov, located on lake Seliger, is a major center of recreational and nature tourism.
Timelike homotopy
On a Lorentzian manifold, certain curves are distinguished as timelike. A timelike homotopy between two timelike curves is a homotopy such that each intermediate curve is timelike. No closed timelike curve (CTC) on a Lorentzian manifold is timelike homotopic to a point (that is, null timelike homotopic); such a manifold is therefore said to be multiply connected by timelike curves (or timelike multiply connected). A manifold such as the 3-sphere can be simply connected (by any type of curve), and at the same time be timelike multiply connected. Equivalence classes of timelike homotopic curves define their own fundamental group, as noted by Smith (1967). A smooth topological feature which prevents a CTC from being deformed to a point may be called a timelike topological feature.

Simply connected space
In topology, a topological space is called simply connected (or 1-connected, or 1-simply connected) if it is path-connected and every path between two points can be continuously transformed into any other such path while preserving the two endpoints in question. Intuitively, this corresponds to a space that has no disjoint parts and no holes that go completely through it, because two paths going around different sides of such a hole cannot be continuously transformed into each other. The fundamental group of a topological space is an indicator of the failure for the space to be simply connected: a path-connected topological space is simply connected if and only if its fundamental group is trivial.
Iceane
Iceane is a saturated polycyclic hydrocarbon with formula C12H18. It has a cage-like molecular structure, whose carbon skeleton can be viewed as three fused cyclohexane rings in the boat conformation; or as two such rings in the chair conformation, connected by three parallel axial bonds. The spatial arrangement of carbon atoms in iceane is the lonsdalite crystalline structure.

The name "iceane" was proposed by the chemist Louis Fieser about a decade before the compound was first prepared. He was carrying out studies on the arrangement of water molecules in ice, when it occurred to him that there could exist a stable hydrocarbon with the above structure.

It is also referred to as wurtzitane, due to its similarity to the wurtzite crystal structure; however, the name "iceane" has precedence.

Hexagonal crystal family
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the six crystal families, which includes two crystal systems (hexagonal and trigonal) and two lattice systems (hexagonal and rhombohedral). While commonly confused, the trigonal crystal system and the rhombohedral lattice system are not equivalent (see section crystal systems below). In particular, there are crystals that have trigonal symmetry but belong to the hexagonal lattice (such as α-quartz).

The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice, and is the union of the hexagonal crystal system and the trigonal crystal system. There are 52 space groups associated with it, which are exactly those whose Bravais lattice is either hexagonal or rhombohedral.
Amelungsborn Abbey
Amelungsborn Abbey, also Amelunxborn Abbey (Kloster Amelungsborn), and formally as the Evangelical-Lutheran Cistercian Monastery of Amelungsborn (German: Evangelisch-Lutherischen Zisterzienserkloster Amelungsborn), is an Evangelical Lutheran monastery of the Cistercian tradition, located in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located near Negenborn and Stadtoldendorf, in the Landkreis of Holzminden in the Weserbergland. It was the second oldest Cistercian foundation in Lower Saxony, Germany, after Walkenried Abbey. During the Reformation, it adopted the Evangelical Lutheran faith, and with Loccum Abbey, also of the Cistercian tradition, it is one of the only two Lutheran monasteries in Germany with an uninterrupted practice.
The abbey church, St. Mary's, is also the parish church of the abbey's former estate villages Negenborn and Holenberg.

Stadtoldendorf
Stadtoldendorf (German pronunciation: [ˌʃtatˈʔɔldn̩dɔʁf] ⓘ) is a town in the center of the Holzminden district, Lower Saxony, Germany. Stadtoldendorf is the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Eschershausen-Stadtoldendorf.
Electrical room
An electrical room is a technical room or space in a building dedicated to electrical equipment. Its size is usually proportional to the size of the building; large buildings may have a main electrical room and subsidiary electrical rooms. Electrical equipment may be for power distribution equipment, or for communications equipment.

Electrical rooms typically house the following equipment:

Electric switchboards

Distribution boards

Circuit breakers and disconnects

Motor control centers

Transformers

Busbars

Electricity meters

Backup batteries in a Battery room

Fire alarm control panels

Distribution frames

In large building complexes, the primary electrical room may house an indoor electrical substation.

Electricity meter
An electricity meter, electric meter, electrical meter, energy meter, kilowatt-hour meter, or power meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device over a time interval.

Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises for billing and monitoring purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour (kWh). They are usually read once each billing period.

When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods.