hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christian L. Poorman
Christian L. Poorman (October 28, 1825 – March 6, 1912) was an American politician, Union Army officer and businessman who served as the 26th Ohio secretary of state from 1892 to 1893 and in the Ohio House of Representatives.

Ohio Secretary of State
The secretary of state of Ohio is an elected statewide official in the state of Ohio. The secretary of state is responsible for overseeing elections in the state; registering business entities (corporations, etc.) and granting them the authority to do business within the state; registering secured transactions; and granting access to public documents.

From 1803 to 1851, the Ohio secretary of state was elected by the Ohio General Assembly to a three-year term. The 1851 Ohio Constitution made the office elective, with a two-year term. In 1954, the office's term was extended to four years. The secretary of state is elected in even-numbered, off cycle years, (no Presidential elections), after partisan primary elections.
Callum Bustin
Callum Bustin (born 12 August 1997) is an English professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who plays for Rotherham Titans in the National League 2 North.

Bustin previously played rugby league as a prop for the London Broncos in the RFL Championship, and spent time on loan from the Broncos at Oxford and the London Skolars. He was contracted to the Castleford Tigers in the Super League and spent time on loan from Castleford at the Newcastle Thunder and the Bradford Bulls in League 1. He then joined the Bradford Bulls on a permanent deal and played in the third tier and in the Betfred Championship.

Oxford Rugby League
Oxford Rugby League was a semi-professional rugby league club based in Oxford, England. The club was formed in 2012 and joined League 1 in 2013, playing for five seasons before agreeing to merge with Gloucestershire All Golds following the 2017 season, resulting in both clubs exiting the league in order to form  a new club, Bristol Rugby League, which intended to enter League 1 from the 2019 season. However, when this didn't happen, All Golds continued on its own in the southern league, leaving Oxford to simply fold.
Grethe Fenger Møller
Grethe Fenger Møller (born 6 November 1941) is a Danish lawyer and Conservative People's Party politician, who was elected to the Folketing as a representative of the Eastern Storkreds constituency from 1977 to 1994. She was the Minister of Labour in the first government of Poul Schlüter between 1982 and 1986. She was president of the Danish Women's Society from 1974 to 1981 after previously being on its executive committee and primary board. Møller left politics after being sentenced to probation for 60 days for providing false testimony in court about the Tamil Case and worked as a clerk in the Ministry of Social Affairs' international office until she retired in 2008.

Conservative People's Party (Denmark)
The Conservative People's Party (Danish: Det Konservative Folkeparti, DKF), also known as The Conservatives (De Konservative), is a centre-right political party in Denmark. The party is a member of the International Democracy Union and the European People's Party.
2008 Ford 400
The 2008 Ford 400, a 400.5 miles (644.5 km) race, was the concluding event of the 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup season along with the 2008 Chase for the Sprint Cup, and  decides the Sprint Cup Champion for the 2008 season, this race was historic for being the race where Jimmie Johnson became the second driver (after Cale Yarborough) to win the Sprint Cup title three years in a row.  The 267-lap race on the 1.5 miles (2.4 km) track was held on November 16 at Homestead-Miami Speedway in Homestead, Florida. ABC covered the race beginning at 3 PM US EST and MRN along with Sirius Satellite Radio had radio coverage starting at that same time.

The race also served as the final event of Ford Championship Weekend, which also includes the Craftsman Truck Series Ford 200 and Nationwide Series Ford 300 races on Friday and Saturday of that weekend, also serving as the season finales for those series as well.

NASCAR Championship Weekend
Since 2002, NASCAR's top three racing series have closed their season with a weekend designed to crown each series' champion, officially known as NASCAR Championship Weekend. The weekend has taken place at Homestead-Miami Speedway, which hosted it from 2002 through 2019 and will again beginning in 2026, and at Phoenix Raceway, which held it from 2020 through 2025.
Elif Keskin
Elif Keskin (born 12 January 2002) is a  Turkish women's football midfielder, who plays in the Turkish Women's Super League for Galatasaray with jersey number 55. She played for the Turkey national U-17 and Turkey U-19 teams before she became a member of the Turkey team.

Turkey women's national under-19 football team
The Turkey women's national under-19 football team (Turkish: Türkiye 19 Yaş Altı Kadın Millî Futbol Takımı) is the national under-19 football team of Turkey and is governed by the Turkish Football Federation.
Satrapy of Armenia
The Satrapy of Armenia (Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴, romanized: Armina or 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴𐎹, Arminiya), a region controlled by the Orontid dynasty (570–201 BC), was one of the satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC that later became an independent kingdom. Its capitals were Tushpa and later Erebuni.

Satrap
A satrap (/ˈsætrəp/) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

A satrap served as a viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a pejorative and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
Ladder streets
Ladder streets are narrow streets in Hong Kong comprising steps. Most are found between Central and Sheung Wan and Mid-Levels on Hong Kong Island, from Queen's Road Central, through Hollywood Road and a few other cross streets, to Caine Road at the Mid-Levels. Other ladder streets exist outside of the immediate Mid-Levels area, such as Sands Street in Kennedy Town.

Note that there is indeed a street named Ladder Street, composed entirely of stone steps, in Sheung Wan.

While some ladder streets are made only of traditional steps, some at a moderate incline have portions that could be traversed with a rickshaw or cart. These portions had raised stones perpendicular to the street at regular intervals acting like a ratchet so that carts and rickshaws could be easily stopped and parked. This kind of paving can be found on Pottinger Street.

The Duddell Street steps were declared a monument by the Antiquities and Monuments Office.

Sheung Wan
Sheung Wan (Chinese: 上環) is an area in Hong Kong, located in the north-west of Hong Kong Island, between Central and Sai Ying Pun. Administratively, it is part of the Central and Western District. The name can be variously interpreted as Upper District (occupying relatively high ground compared to Central and Wan Chai), or Gateway District (perhaps a reference to the location where the British first entered and occupied Hong Kong).
Invasion of Courland (1658)
The Invasion of Courland (1658) (Swedish: Invasionen av Kurland) was a Swedish campaign against the Duchy of Courland in 1658. It was led by Robert Douglas and resulted in the Swedes occupying Courland, capturing Mitau and the Duke of Courland. The initial invasion only lasted a few months, however the Swedes remained in Courland for 2 years.

Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia was a duchy in the Baltic region, then known as Livonia, that existed from 1561 to 1569 as a nominal vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently made part of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom from 1569 to 1726 and incorporated into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1726. On October 24, 1795, it was annexed by the Russian Empire in the Third Partition of Poland.
Matthew Sluka
Matthew Sluka is an American college football quarterback for the James Madison Dukes. He previously played for the Holy Cross Crusaders and the UNLV Rebels.

In 2024, Sluka made headlines when he demanded more money from his team and ultimately decided to quit in the middle of an undefeated season.

UNLV Rebels football
The UNLV Rebels football program is a college football team that represents the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). The team is a member of the Mountain West Conference, which is a Division I Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program, which began on September 14, 1968, plays its home games at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada.
Menemeni
Menemeni is a suburb of the Thessaloniki Urban Area and was a former municipality in the regional unit of Thessaloniki in Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ampelokipoi-Menemeni, of which it is a municipal unit. It is neighbored by Evosmos, Ampelokipoi, Thessaloniki and Echedoros. Menemeni includes the quarters of Vosporos, Agios Nektarios, Dialogi and Lachanokipoi.

According to the 2021 census the population was 14,297 inhabitants. The municipal unit has an area of 7.989 km2.

Evosmos
Evosmos (Greek: Εύοσμος, Évosmos; before 1955: Neos Koukloutzas (Νέος Κουκλουτζάς, Néos Koukloutzás)) is a suburb of the Thessaloniki Urban Area and was a former municipality in the regional unit of Thessaloniki, Macedonia,  Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kordelio-Evosmos, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It has a land area of 9.927 square kilometres (3.833 sq mi) and its population is 79,221 (2021 census). Due to rapid development, the population has been growing fast.  Most of the new development is taking place in the northern district of the municipality called Nea Politeia (New Town).
C-ROSS
C-ROSS, short for China Risk-Oriented Solvency System, is a regulatory framework created by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC) that governs the insurance industry in China. It was implemented in 2016.

In 2022 C-ROSS II was implemented, strengthening the provisions of the existing C-ROSS, particularly around the areas of risk metrics for morbidity and interest rates.

China Insurance Regulatory Commission
The China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC) was an agency of China authorized by the State Council to regulate the Chinese insurance products and services market and maintain legal and stable operations of insurance industry.
Neurofeedback
Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback that uses electrical potentials in the brain to reinforce desired brain states through operant conditioning. This process is non-invasive neurotherapy and typically collects brain activity data using electroencephalography (EEG). Several neurofeedback protocols exist, with potential additional benefit from use of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to localize and personalize treatment. Related technologies include functional near-infrared spectroscopy-mediated (fNIRS) neurofeedback, hemoencephalography biofeedback (HEG), and fMRI biofeedback.

Neurofeedback's benefits are unproven; improvements may stem more from placebo effects than direct brain regulation.

Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process in which voluntary behaviors are modified by association with the addition (or removal) of reward or aversive stimuli. The frequency or duration of the behavior may increase through reinforcement or decrease through punishment or extinction.
Tenebrio obscurus
Tenebrio obscurus, or the dark mealworm beetle, is a species of darkling beetle whose larvae are known as mini mealworms.  These insects should not be confused with younger mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) or with the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum).

Tenebrio obscurus larvae resemble very small mealworms.
Larvae are cylindrical and initially white, darkening as they mature.
Larvae can reach a length of 25 to 30 millimetres (0.98 to 1.18 in).
Larvae then pupate, and later emerge as small, black beetles, 12 to 18 millimetres (0.47 to 0.71 in) long. In appearance, adults are similar to the yellow mealworm. They may have a lighter brown color or appear dull rather than shiny.

Mini mealworm larvae are used as a feeder insect for birds, reptile and amphibian pets, and zoo animals.
Both Tenebrio obscurus and Tenebrio molitor are being studied for their ability to biodegrade waste polystyrene products.

Confused flour beetle
The confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum), a type of darkling beetle known as a flour beetle, is a globally found, common pest insect known for attacking and infesting stored flour and grain. They are one of the most common and most destructive insect pests for grain and other food products stored in silos, warehouses, grocery stores, and homes. They engage in cannibalistic behaviors for population control and nutritional benefits. Tribolium confusum practices kin selection to improve individual fitness. Multiple chemicals have been used to manage their infestation, including pyrethrin and fungal insecticides.

The "confused" in the beetle's name is due to it being confused with the red flour beetle, not because of its walking pattern.
Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church observes the disciplines of fasting and abstinence (from meat) at various times each year. For Catholics, fasting is the reduction of one's intake of food, while abstinence refers to refraining from something that is good, and not inherently sinful, such as meat. The Catholic Church teaches that all people are obliged by God to perform some penance for their sins, and that these acts of penance are both personal and corporeal.

Collation (meal)
The term collation refers to one or two light meals allowed on days of fasting, especially in Western Christianity. Its purpose is to allow a believer to perform their duties while fasting throughout the day.
2025 A-League Men Grand Final
The 2025 A-League Men Grand Final, known officially as the Isuzu UTE A-League Grand Final, was a soccer match played between cross-city rivals Melbourne City and Melbourne Victory on 31 May 2025 at their shared home, Melbourne Rectangular Stadium in Melbourne, Australia.

The match determined the champions of the A-League Men and was the 20th A-League Men Grand Final, the culmination of the 2024–25 season.

A-League Men Grand Final
The A-League Men Grand Final is an association football match to determine the champions for an A-League Men season. Played at the end of the finals series, the game has been held annually since 2006.

The club which wins the grand final receives the A-League Men championship trophy, and the best player receives the Joe Marston Medal.

As of 2025, a total of 20 grand finals have been played, four of which have ended in penalty shoot-outs. Sydney FC have won five grand finals, the most of any club; Melbourne Victory have the second-most with four, and Central Coast Mariners and Brisbane Roar third-most with three. Sydney FC have also appeared in the most grand finals, a total of seven; and the only club along with Brisbane Roar and the Central Coast Mariners to win back-to-back Grand Finals. Every current A-League Men club has played in at least one grand final, with the exception of Auckland FC, Macarthur FC and Wellington Phoenix.
Moira (horse)
Moira (foaled April 11, 2019) is a champion Canadian-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. As a three-year-old she set a track record in the Queen's Plate while becoming the 38th filly to win the race. Later in her career she won the Grade 1 Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf at Del Mar.

Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf
The Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf is a Weight for Age Thoroughbred horse race on turf for fillies and mares, three years old and up. It is held annually at a different racetrack in the United States as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships.

This race is a middle distance Grade 1 which has consistently drawn the best female turf horses not just from the United States but around the world. The race is run at either 1+1⁄4 miles (2,000 m) or 1+3⁄8 miles (2,200 m), depending on the turf course configuration at the Breeders' Cup host track. For tracks which can accommodate either distance (Belmont, Woodbine, and Santa Anita ), it is run at 1+1⁄4 miles. The 2015 edition at Keeneland was conducted at 1+3⁄16 miles because that track's turf course configuration does not allow for the two regular distances to be conducted on it. For the same reason, the 2017 edition at Del Mar was held at a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles.
June Newton
June Newton (née Browne, 3 June 1923 – 9 April 2021) was an Australian model, actress, and photographer. As an actress she was known professionally as June Brunel or Brunell and won the Erik Award for Best Actress in 1956. From 1970 onward she worked as a photographer under the pseudonym Alice Springs. Her photographs have appeared in publications such as Vanity Fair, Interview, Elle and Vogue.

She was the wife of the fashion photographer Helmut Newton.

Erik Award
The Erik Kuttner Award, known as the Erik Award, was an annual drama critics' award for professional theatre in Melbourne, Australia.

Established in 1955, the award had categories for actors, actresses, producers (directors) and designers. It operated through to 1981.

The award statuette was designed by Julius Kuhn and was named after German-Australian actor and producer Erich "Erik" Kuttner (died 1954) commemorating his work in Melbourne theatre. The first ceremony in 1955, featured an appearance by British actress Dame Sybil Thorndike, who presented the best actor and actresses awards.

The Erik Awards were discontinued in 1981 and succeeded by the Green Room Awards which started in 1982.
Central Committee of the Kuomintang
The Central Committee of the Kuomintang is the highest executive body of the Kuomintang. It is composed of Central Committee members elected by the National Congress. The entire organization includes a group of cadres headed by the chairman and several party affairs units.

The Chairman of the Central Committee is concurrently the Party Chairman, a position directly elected by Party members since 2001. In August 1993, the position of Vice Chairman was added to assist the Chairman. The Central Committee consists of seven departments and two subordinate units, led by the Secretary-General, who are jointly responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Party Central Committee.

The Central Committee has a Standing Committee which performs its duties during the adjournment period of the plenary sessions of the Central Committee and is accountable to it.

Chairman of the Kuomintang
The chairman of the Kuomintang is the leader of the Kuomintang in the Republic of China. The position used to be titled as President (1912–1914), Premier (1919–1925), Chairman of the Central Executive Committee (1925–1938), Director-General (1938–1975), and Chairman (from 1975). The post is currently held by Cheng Li-wun, who assumed the post on 1 November 2025. The chairman is now directly elected by party members for a term of four years and may be re-elected for a second term.
2024 Dominican Republic general election
General elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 19 May 2024 to elect a president, vice-president, 32 senators, 190 deputies and 20 PARLACEN deputies.

Incumbent President Luis Abinader won re-election to a second term with a majority of the vote in the first round, eliminating the need for a runoff.

Central American Parliament
14°36′57″N 90°30′38″W﻿ / ﻿14.6158°N 90.5105°W﻿ / 14.6158; -90.5105

The Central American Parliament (Spanish: Parlamento Centroamericano), also known as PARLACEN, is the political institution and parliamentary body of the Central American Integration System (SICA). Its headquarters are in Guatemala City.
Government of Madhesh Province
The Government of Madhesh Province is the supreme governing authority of Madhesh Province in Nepal.

The governor of the province is appointed by the President of Nepal on the recommendation of the Nepalese cabinet for a period of five years unless freed earlier by the federal government. The head of province is the governor and the chief minister holds the position of the head of the provincial executive. The role of governor is largely ceremonial as the functioning of the government is managed entirely by the chief minister. The governor appoints all ministers and the chief minister.

The province's government seats in Janakpur at the Madhesh Province Provincial Government Secretariat.

Janakpur
Janakpur or Janakpurdham (Maithili: जनकपुर), is the capital city of Madhesh Province in Nepal. This sub-metropolitan city is a central hub for the Maithili language, as well as for religious and cultural tourism in Nepal.

The city was founded in the early 18th century but was retrospectively designated as the location of the capital of the Videha kingdom and the birthplace of Hindu deity Sita, although there is no archaeological evidence to support this.

Janakpur is located about 225 km (140 mi) southeast of Kathmandu. As of 2021, the city had a population of 195,438, with a density of 2,125/km2. Janakpur is currently the fourth most densely populated city in Nepal. Janakpur is located about 23 km from the Bhitthamore border with India. Nepal Railways operates a service between Janakpur and Jainagar in India.
I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles
"I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles" is a popular American song written in 1918, released in late 1919, becoming a number one hit for Ben Selvin's Novelty Orchestra. It has been revived and adapted over the years, serving as the anthem of Premier League club West Ham United.

Ben Selvin
Benjamin Bernard Selvin (March 5, 1898 – July 15, 1980) was an American musician, bandleader, and record producer. He was known as the Dean of Recorded Music.

According to The Guinness Book of World Records, Selvin recorded more musical sides (on 78-rpm discs) than any other person. One reason for this prolific output is that he recorded for dozens of different record labels during this productive time in the industry, using a different name for each label. His output has been estimated at 13,000 to 20,000 song titles.
Mass graves in Syria
A number of mass graves were uncovered after the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024. The primary site was located in al-Qutayfah, approximately 37 km (23 mi) north of Damascus, with additional mass graves discovered throughout the southern Damascus countryside and in southern Syria. The primary al-Qutayfah site was predicted by investigators to contain the human remains of at least 100,000 people who had been systematically and extrajudicially killed.

Mass grave
A mass grave is a grave containing multiple human corpses, which may or may not be identified prior to burial.  Mass graves are usually created after many people die or are killed, and there is a desire to bury the corpses quickly for sanitation concerns. Although mass graves can be used during major conflicts such as war and crime, they may also be used after a famine, epidemic, or natural disaster. In disasters, mass graves are used temporarily for infection and disease control. In such cases, there is often a breakdown of the social infrastructure that would enable proper identification and the individual disposal of each body.

The United Nations has defined a criminal mass grave as a burial site containing three or more victims of execution, although an exact definition is not unanimously agreed upon.