hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Layton Greene
Layton Greene (born December 4, 1998) is an American R&B singer from East St. Louis, Illinois. She is best known for her 2019 single "Leave Em Alone" (with Lil Baby featuring City Girls and PnB Rock), which peaked at number 60 on the Billboard Hot 100 and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Previously in January of that year, she signed with Georgia-based record label Quality Control Music as its first female R&B artist. Her debut extended play (EP), Tell Ya Story, was released on September 9, 2019.

Quality Control Music
Quality Control Music, LLC (also known as Quality Control or QC) is an American hip hop record label founded by Kevin "Coach K" Lee (COO) and Pierre "P" Thomas (CEO) in March 2013. The label's releases were distributed through Universal Music Group imprints Capitol Records from 2017 until 2020, and through Motown Records. Tamika Howard and Simone Mitchell are executives of the label, with Howard serving as its general manager.

The label has many acts signed, including Migos, City Girls, Lil Yachty and Lil Baby. The label also formerly had Cardi B signed under a management deal.
The Swan Book
The Swan Book is the third novel by the Indigenous Australian author Alexis Wright. It met with critical acclaim when it was published in 2013, and was shortlisted for Australia's premier literary prize, the Miles Franklin Award.

Miles Franklin Award
The Miles Franklin Literary Award is an annual literary prize awarded to "a novel which is of the highest literary merit and presents Australian life in any of its phases". The award was set up according to the will of Miles Franklin (1879–1954), who is best known for writing the Australian classic My Brilliant Career (1901). She bequeathed her estate to fund this award. As of 2025, the award is valued at A$60,000.
Buford Dam
Buford Dam is a dam in Buford, Georgia which is located at the southern end of Lake Lanier, a reservoir formed by the construction of the dam in 1956. The dam itself is managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.

The dam is made of earth and concrete, supplemented by three saddle dikes, and was built to provide a water source for the Atlanta area, power homes, and prevent flooding of the Chattahoochee River.

Electricity from the dam is marketed by the Southeastern Power Administration.

Chattahoochee River
The Chattahoochee River (/ˌtʃætəˈhuːtʃi/) is a river in the Southeastern United States. It forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida and Georgia border. It is a tributary of the Apalachicola River, a relatively short river formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers and emptying from Florida into Apalachicola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee River is about 430 miles (690 km) long. The Chattahoochee, Flint, and Apalachicola rivers together make up the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (ACF River Basin). The Chattahoochee makes up the largest part of the ACF's drainage basin.
Triple bond
A triple bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two atoms involving six bonding electrons instead of the usual two in a covalent single bond. Triple bonds are stronger than the equivalent single bonds or double bonds, with a bond order of three. The most common triple bond is in a nitrogen N2 molecule; the second most common is that between two carbon atoms, which can be found in alkynes. Other functional groups containing a triple bond are cyanides and isocyanides. Some diatomic molecules, such as diphosphorus and carbon monoxide, are also triple bonded. In skeletal formulae the triple bond is drawn as three parallel lines (≡) between the two connected atoms.

Isocyanide
An isocyanide (also called isonitrile or carbylamine) is an organic compound with the functional group –N+≡C−. It is the isomer of the related nitrile (–C≡N), hence the prefix is isocyano. The organic fragment is connected to the isocyanide group through the nitrogen atom, not via the carbon. They are used as building blocks for the synthesis of other compounds.
The Secret in the Old Attic
Children's literature portal

Novels portal

The Secret in the Old Attic is the twenty-first volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1944 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene.  The actual author was ghostwriter Mildred Wirt Benson.

Mildred Benson
Mildred Augustine Wirt Benson (July 10, 1905 – May 28, 2002) was an American journalist and writer of children's books. She wrote some of the earliest Nancy Drew mysteries and created the detective's adventurous personality. Benson wrote under the Stratemeyer Syndicate pen name, Carolyn Keene, from 1929 to 1953 and contributed to 23 of the first 30 Nancy Drew mysteries, which were bestsellers.
Franklin High School (El Paso, Texas)
Franklin High School is a public high school located on the west side of El Paso, Texas, which is part of the El Paso Independent School District. It opened in 1993. Its name refers to the nearby Franklin Mountains. Although the student population of the school is usually between 2,000 and 3,000 annually,  as of the 2023-24 school year, it exceeds 3,100. Since 2022, the principal has been Amanda Bowser.

El Paso Independent School District
The El Paso Independent School District (or EPISD) is the largest school district serving El Paso, Texas (USA).  Originally organized in 1883, it is currently the largest district in the Texas Education Agency's Educational Service Center (ESC) Region 19, as well as the largest district within the city of El Paso and El Paso County.  The EPISD also provides public education to the children of U.S. Army soldiers stationed at Fort Bliss. The district headquarters are located in El Paso.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
Adams MultiMedia
Adams Publishing Group LLC (APG) is a company that provides publishing services, including newspapers, periodicals, and website publishing in the United States. Its corporate headquarters is located in Coon Rapids, Minnesota. Mark Adams, son of late billionaire philanthropist Stephen Adams and his first wife, Virginia Ridgway (granddaughter of Ameriprise Financial (formerly American Express Financial Advisors) co-founder John Ridgway), founded Adams Publishing Group in late 2013 after a career in private equity. In March 2014, APG began to acquire newspapers and media related businesses. As of 2022, it owned more than 127 newspapers in 20 states and the District of Columbia.

Stephen Adams (businessman)
Stephen Adams (November 7, 1937 – March 14, 2024) was an American businessman, private equity investor, and philanthropist. His holdings have included Good Sam Enterprises, a national publisher, retail stores, and member-based direct marketing organization directed toward owners of recreational vehicles and Adams Outdoor Advertising, an operator of outdoor advertising structures in the Midwest, Southeast, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. His previous holdings have included operators of television and radio stations, print publishers, cola bottlers and community banks.
Weber County, Utah
Weber County (/ˈwiːbər/ WEE-bər) is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 262,223, making it Utah's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat and largest city is Ogden, the home of Weber State University. The county was named after a fur trapper John Weber.

Weber County is part of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area as well as the Salt Lake City metropolitan area.

Salt Lake City metropolitan area
The Salt Lake City metropolitan area is the metropolitan area centered on the city of Salt Lake City, Utah. The Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau currently define the Salt Lake City, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as comprising two counties: Salt Lake and Tooele. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 1,257,936. The Salt Lake City Metropolitan Area and the Ogden-Clearfield Metropolitan Area were a single metropolitan area known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden Metropolitan Area until being separated in 2005.

The metropolitan area is part of the Salt Lake City–Provo–Ogden, UT Combined Statistical Area (CSA), which also includes the Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area, the Provo–Orem metropolitan area, the Heber City, Utah micropolitan area, and the Brigham City, Utah micropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, this CSA had a population of 2,701,129, comprising 82.6 percent of Utah's then 3,271,616 residents.
Wola Krogulecka
Wola Krogulecka [ˈvɔla krɔɡuˈlɛt͡ska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Sącz, within Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The village has an approximate population of 420.

Gmina Stary Sącz
Gmina Stary Sącz is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Stary Sącz, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Nowy Sącz and 75 km (47 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 102.41 square kilometres (39.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 22,206 (of which the population of Stary Sącz amounts to 8,987, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 13,219).
Hall's Opera Block
Hall's Opera Block, also known as Clark's Opera House and Avon Opera Block, is a historic commercial building located at Avon in Livingston County, New York.  It is a three-story, two part commercial block completed in 1876 in the Italianate style.  It has a symmetrical seven bay principal facade with iron and glass storefronts on the first floor.  The top floor performance space was a central gathering place for the community, where citizens of all ranks could congregate to attend theatrical performances, lectures, dances, political meetings, and school graduations.  In November 2007, the village of Avon received a $500,000 state grant to renovate the historic building.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Avon (village), New York
Avon is a village in the town of Avon, Livingston County, New York, United States. The village population was 3,394 at the 2010 census, out of 7,146 people in the entire town. The village and town are named after the River Avon in England.
Jhanjhari Masjid
The Jhanjhari Masjid, also known as the Jhanjhari Mosque, is a mosque located in Jaunpur, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Located in the Sipah area of Jaunpur on the banks of the river Gomti, the mosque was constructed in 1430 CE by Ibrahim Shah, the ruler of the Jaunpur Sultanate.

Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh
Jaunpur (Hindustani pronunciation: [dʒɔːnpʊr] ⓘ) is a city and a municipal board in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located 228 km southeast of state capital Lucknow. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the Purvanchal area in which it is located.
First Church in Newton
The First Church in Newton (also known as East Parish Church), in what was Newton, Massachusetts Bay Colony, was a meetinghouse which stood on today's Centre Street, at its intersection with Cotton Street, in 1660. Its extant adjoining burial ground, today known as the East Parish Burying Ground, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The first pastor of the meetinghouse was John Eliot Jr. (c. 1604–1690), who was known as the "apostle to the Native Americans." He is interred in the burying ground.

A marker was erected on the site, by the Massachusetts Bay Colony Tercentenary Commission, in 1930.

The Second Church of Newton was constructed, across the street, in 1698. Its present church building stands in downtown Newton Centre. The First Church dissolved in 1972 after failed attempts to merge with its two offspring churches, Second Church in Newton (West Parish) and Eliot Church.

John Eliot (missionary)
John Eliot (c. 1604 – 21 May 1690) was a Puritan missionary to Native Americans who some called "the apostle to the Indians", and the founder of Roxbury Latin School in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1645. In 1660 he completed the enormous task of translating the Eliot Indian Bible into the Massachusett language, producing more than two thousand completed copies.
Onzaga
Onzaga (Spanish pronunciation: [onˈsaɣa]) is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. Onzaga borders in the north San Joaquín, in the east and south the municipalities Soatá, Covarachía, Tipacoque and Tutazá of the department of Boyacá and in the west with Coromoro. Onzaga is 177 kilometres (110 mi) south of the department capital Bucaramanga. The topography of Onzaga varies greatly; from 900 metres (3,000 ft) to 3,600 metres (11,800 ft).

Covarachía
Covarachía is a town and municipality in the Northern Boyacá Province, part of the Colombian Department of Boyacá. The urban centre is located at 208 kilometres (129 mi) from the department capital Tunja at an altitude of 2,320 metres (7,610 ft) in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The municipality borders San José de Miranda and Capitanejo (both Santander) in the north, Tipacoque in the south, Capitanejo in the east and in the west the municipalities Onzaga and San Joaquín (Santander).
Smolajny
Smolajny [smɔˈlai̯nɨ] (formerly Smołowo) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies on the Łyna River in the historical region of Warmia, approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Dobre Miasto and 28 km (17 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Ignacy Krasicki
Ignacy Błażej Franciszek Krasicki (3 February 1735 – 14 March 1801), from 1766 Prince-Bishop of Warmia and from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus, Primate of Poland), was Poland's leading Enlightenment poet ("the Prince of Poets"), a critic of the clergy, Poland's La Fontaine, author of the first Polish novel, playwright, journalist, encyclopedist, and translator from French and Greek.

His most notable literary works were his Fables and Parables (1779), Satires (1779), and poetic letters and religious lyrics, in which the artistry of his poetic language reached its summit.
Siger of Brabant
Siger of Brabant (Sigerus, Sighier, Sigieri or Sygerius de Brabantia; c. 1240 – before 10 November 1284) was a 13th-century philosopher from the southern Low Countries who was an important proponent of Averroism.

Paradiso (Dante)
Paradiso (Italian: [paraˈdiːzo]; Italian for "Paradise" or "Heaven") is the third and final part of Dante's Divine Comedy, following the Inferno and the Purgatorio. It is an allegory telling of Dante's journey through Heaven, guided by Beatrice, who symbolises theology. In the poem, Paradise is depicted as a series of concentric spheres surrounding the Earth, consisting of the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Fixed Stars, the Primum Mobile and finally, the Empyrean. It was written in the early 14th century. Allegorically, the poem represents the soul's ascent to God.
1963 World Sportscar Championship
The 1963 World Sportscar Championship season was the 11th season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured the 1963 International Championship for GT Manufacturers, which was contested in three engine capacity divisions and the 1963 International Trophy for GT Prototypes, which was contested in two engine capacity divisions. The season ran from 17 February 1963 to 14 September 1963 over 22 events.

This was the first World Sportscar Championship season to include hillclimb and rally events.

World Sportscar Championship
The World Sportscar Championship was the world endurance racing series run for sports car racing, sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), from 1953 to 1992. The championship evolved from a small collection of the most important sportscar, endurance, and road racing events in Europe and North America with dozens of gentleman drivers at the grid to a professional racing series where the world's largest automakers spent millions of dollars per year.

The official name of the series frequently changed throughout the years but was generally known as the World Sportscar Championship from its inception in 1953. Alongside the Formula One World Championship, it was one of the two major World Championships in circuit motor racing. The championship was revived in the 2012 season under the new name as the FIA World Endurance Championship.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Spotsylvania County, Virginia
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Spotsylvania County, Virginia.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 17 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 6, 2026.

Spotsylvania County, Virginia
Spotsylvania County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is a part of the Northern Virginia region. As of 2024, Spotsylvania County is the 14th most populated county in Virginia with 149,588 residents. Its county seat is Spotsylvania Courthouse.

Located along the Rappahannock River bordering the City of Fredericksburg and Stafford County, Spotsylvania County is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Since 2010, the population has increased by 19.3%; for comparison, Virginia's population has only increased 7.7% in that time period. Spotsylvania County is currently the 74th highest-income county in America.
John Joseph Hogan
Bishop John Joseph Hogan  (May 10, 1829 – February 21, 1913)  was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.  He served as the first bishop of the Diocese of Saint Joseph in Missouri (1868 to 1880) and the first bishop of the Diocese of Kansas City in Missouri (1880 to 1913).

Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph
The Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph (Latin: Dioecesis Kansanopolitanae–Sancti Josephi) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in northwestern Missouri in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Louis.

The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Kansas City. Its co-cathedral is the Cathedral of St. Joseph in St. Joseph. As of 2025, the bishop is James Vann Johnston, Jr.
USS Frank E. Petersen Jr.
USS Frank E. Petersen Jr. (DDG-121) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight IIA Technology Insertion) Aegis guided missile destroyer in the United States Navy. The ship was named for United States Marine Corps Lieutenant General Frank E. Petersen Jr. the first African-American Marine Corps aviator and the first African-American Marine Corps general.  The contract for the ship, along with the name, was first announced in a press release from Huntington Ingalls Industries on 30 March 2016.

Frank E. Petersen
Frank Emmanuel Petersen Jr. (March 2, 1932 – August 25, 2015) was a United States Marine Corps lieutenant general.  He was the first African-American Marine Corps aviator and the first African-American Marine Corps general.

Petersen retired from the Marine Corps in 1988 after 38 years of service. "At the time of his retirement he was by date of aviator designation the senior ranking aviator in the U.S. Marine Corps and the United States Navy with respective titles of 'Silver Hawk' and 'Gray Eagle'. His date of designation as an aviator also precedes all other aviators in the U.S. Air Force and Army."

In 2010, President Obama appointed Petersen to the Board of Visitors to the United States Naval Academy.
Hungerford Hall
Hungerford Hall was a lecture theatre built beside Hungerford Market near Charing Cross in London in 1851.  It was used for public entertainments, including demonstrations of magic, mesmerism and optical illusions.  It burned down in 1854, badly damaging the adjoining Hungerford Market.

Swiss-Italian entrepreneur Carlo Gatti constructed a music hall on the site, which opened in 1857.  It was bought by the South Eastern Railway in 1862, and incorporated into Charing Cross railway station, which opened on 11 January 1864.

Carlo Gatti
Carlo Gatti (1817–1878) was a Swiss-born British restaurateur in the Victorian era. He came to England in 1847, where he established restaurants and an ice importing business. He is credited with first making ice cream available to the general public and he then moved into the music hall business. He returned to Switzerland in 1871, leaving his businesses in the hands of members of his family and he died a millionaire.

Gatti originated in Canton Ticino, the main Italian-speaking area of Switzerland. He was probably born in Marogno, a village then within the comune of Dongio (now part of Acquarossa) in the impoverished and sparsely populated Blenio District , where he also ended his days. He was the youngest of a family of six, and his parents were Stefano and Apollonia.
Thioindigo
Thioindigo is an organosulfur compound that is used to dye polyester fabric.  A synthetic dye, thioindigo is related to the plant-derived dye indigo, replacing two NH groups with two sulfur atoms to create a shade of pink.

Thioindigo is generated by the alkylation  of the sulfur in thiosalicylic acid with chloroacetic acid.  The resulting thioether cyclizes to 2-hydroxythianaphthene, which is easily converted to thioindigo.  The related compound 4,7,4',7'-tetrachlorothioindigo, also a commercially important dye (Pigment Red 88), can be prepared by chlorination of thioindigo.

Thiosalicylic acid
Thiosalicylic acid is an organosulfur compound containing carboxyl and sulfhydryl functional groups. Its molecular formula is ortho-C6H4(−SH)(−C(=O)−OH). It is a yellow solid that is slightly soluble in water, ethanol and diethyl ether, and alkanes, but more soluble in DMSO.
Battle of the Baztan Valley
The Battle of the Baztan Valley was fought between 23 July and 1 August 1794 during the War of the Pyrenees, between a French force from the Army of the Western Pyrenees commanded by Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey and the Spanish forces led by Ventura Caro. The French army drove the Spanish from their defenses, then followed the valley northward down to the Atlantic coast. The Spanish forces holding the coastal defenses were compelled to surrender or flee.

Army of the Western Pyrenees
The Army of the Western Pyrenees (Armée des Pyrénées occidentales) was one of the Republican French armies of the French Revolutionary Wars. From April 1793 until 12 October 1795, the army fought in the Basque Country and in Navarre during the War of the Pyrenees. After indecisive fighting during the first year of its existence, the army seized the Spanish port of San Sebastián in August 1794. By the time the Peace of Basel was signed on 22 July 1795, the Army of the Western Pyrenees held a significant portion of northeastern Spain.

The army commanders with the longest tenure were Jacques Léonard Muller, who served from October 1793 to August 1794, and Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey, who served from August 1794 until the army was disbanded. Emperor Napoleon appointed Moncey a Marshal of France in 1804 during the First French Empire.
Lok Bhavan, Shimla
Lok Bhavan formerly  Raj Bhavan (translation: Government House), formerly Barnes' Court is the official residence of the Governor of Himachal Pradesh Shiv Pratap Shukla. It is located in the capital city of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.

Official residence
An official residence is a residence designated by an authority and assigned to an official (such as a head of state, head of government, governor, or other senior figures), and may be the same place where the office holder conducts their work functions or lives.