hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Habibur Rahman Usmani
Habibur Rahman Usmani (1860–1929), also known as Habibur Rahman Deobandi and Maulāna Habib al-Rahmān, was an Indian Islamic scholar, Arabic writer and poet, and Islamic jurist. He served as Deputy Vice-Chancellor and later as Vice-Chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband for nearly twenty-three years. He succeeded Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad as the Grand Mufti of Hyderabad State, holding the position for about one year.

His students included Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Manazir Ahsan Gilani, Muhammad Shafi, Habibur Rahman Azami, Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi, Atiqur Rahman Usmani, Qari Muhammad Tayyib, Badre Alam Merathi, Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi, Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi, Manzoor Nomani, and Yusuf Banuri.

Manzoor Nomani
Muḥammad Manz̤oor Nomānī (c. 15 December 1905 – 4 May 1997) was an Indian Islamic scholar. Prominent among his written works are Maariful Hadith, Islam Kya Hai?, and Khomeini and the Iranian Revolution.

He graduated from Darul Uloom Deoband in 1927, where he studied hadith under Anwar Shah Kashmiri. He held the post of Shaykh al-Hadith at Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama for four years, and was a close associate of Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi. A founding member of Jamaat-e-Islami in 1941, he was elected the group's Deputy Amir, second to Abul A'la Maududi. However, in 1942, following disagreements with Maududi he led a group in resigning from the organization. Afterwards he became affiliated with the Tablighi Jamaat of Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi. He served on the Majlis-e-Shura and Majlis-e-Amilah (Executive Council) of Darul Uloom Deoband and was a member of the Muslim World League.
Barbara Hale
Barbara Hale (April 18, 1922 – January 26, 2017) was an American actress who portrayed legal secretary Della Street in the dramatic television series Perry Mason (1957–1966), earning her a 1959 Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. She reprised the role in 30 Perry Mason made-for-television movies (1985–1995).

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series is an award presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS). In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies, the supporting categories were not always genre-, or even gender-, specific. Beginning with 1970, supporting actresses in drama have competed alone. However, these dramatic performances often included actresses from miniseries, telefilms, and guest performers competing against main cast competitors. Such instances are marked below:

# – Indicates a performance in a miniseries or television film, prior to the category's creation in 1975

§ – Indicates a performance as a guest performer, prior to the category's creation in 1975
Exact couple
In mathematics, an exact couple, due to William S. Massey (1952), is a general source of spectral sequences. It is common especially in algebraic topology; for example, Serre spectral sequence can be constructed by first constructing an exact couple.

For the definition of an exact couple and the construction of a spectral sequence from it (which is immediate), see Spectral sequence § Spectral sequence of an exact couple. For a basic example, see Bockstein spectral sequence. The present article covers additional materials.

Spectral sequence
In homological algebra and algebraic topology, a spectral sequence is a means of computing homology groups by taking successive approximations.  Spectral sequences are a generalization of exact sequences, and since their introduction by Jean Leray (1946a, 1946b), they have become important computational tools, particularly in algebraic topology, algebraic geometry and homological algebra.
2026 in chess
Major chess events in 2026 include the annual Tata Steel Chess Tournament, Prague Chess Festival, Norway Chess and Grand Chess Tour. The Candidates Tournament and the Women's Candidates Tournament at Paphos, Cyprus in March will determine the challengers for the World Chess Championship 2026 and the Women's World Chess Championship 2026 respectively. The pilot version of Total Chess World Championship Tour will kick off in October.

Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2026
The Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2026 was the 88th edition of the annual chess tournament held in Wijk aan Zee. It was held from 16 January to 1 February 2026. The field of 14 players in the Masters section included defending champion R Praggnanandhaa and Thai Dai Van Nguyen, the winner of the Tata Steel Challengers 2025. This was also the youngest ever field of players in the annual Tata Steel chess tournament, with the oldest player, Anish Giri, being only 31 years old.

The Masters section was won by Nodirbek Abdusattorov. American grandmaster Andy Woodward won the Challengers section.
Paula Fernández Viaña
Paula Fernández Viaña (born 1971) is a Spanish politician of the Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC).

She was a town councillor in Bárcena de Pie de Concha (1999–2011) and was elected to the Parliament of Cantabria in 2015. She succeeded her mentor Rafael de la Sierra as Minister of the Presidency and Justice in 2019, becoming the first woman from her party to hold a ministry. In 2025, she was elected as her party's lead autonomous candidate.

Rafael de la Sierra
Rafael de la Sierra González (20 September 1948 – 19 June 2019) was a Spanish politician for the Regionalist Party of Cantabria. A member of the Parliament of Cantabria, he served as the parliamentary president from 1999 to 2003. He was Minister of the Presidency and Justice of Cantabria from 2015 until resigning in April 2019 due to illness.

Sierra was born in Vioño de Piélagos, Piélagos, Cantabria. He was married and was the father of two children. He died on 19 June 2019, at the age of 70.
Music in the Rockies
Music in the Rockies was a week-long festival held in Estes Park, Colorado, which featured a combination of seminars, competitions, concerts, and events related to Contemporary Christian Music, other kinds of Christian music, and the Christian music industry. An event called Immerse has replaced it.

Estes Park, Colorado
Estes Park (/ˈɛstɪs/) is a statutory town in southwestern Larimer County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 5,904 at the 2020 United States census. Estes Park is a part of the Fort Collins, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. A popular summer resort and the location of the headquarters for Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park lies along the Big Thompson River. Landmarks include The Stanley Hotel and The Baldpate Inn. The town overlooks Lake Estes and Olympus Dam.
Public housing estates in Tsuen Wan
The following is a list of public housing estates in Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong, including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS), Sandwich Class Housing Scheme (SCHS), Flat-for-Sale Scheme (FFSS), and Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) estates.

Flat-for-Sale Scheme
Flat-for-Sale Scheme is a housing development scheme by Hong Kong Housing Society in the 1980s. The flats under the scheme are for sale at a concessionary price.  It is similar to Home Ownership Scheme by Hong Kong Housing Authority.

The first estate was the Clague Garden Estate.
True arithmetic
In mathematical logic, true arithmetic is the set of all true first-order statements about the arithmetic of natural numbers. This is the theory associated with the standard model of the Peano axioms in the language of the first-order Peano axioms.
True arithmetic is occasionally called Skolem arithmetic, though this term usually refers to the different theory of natural numbers with multiplication.

Signature (logic)
In mathematical logic, a signature is a description of the non-logical symbols of a formal language. In universal algebra, a signature lists the operations that characterize an algebraic structure. In model theory, signatures are used for both purposes. They are rarely made explicit in more philosophical treatments of logic.
Heiankyo Alien
Heiankyo Alien (平安京エイリアン, Heian-kyō Eirian), known as Digger in North America, is a maze video game created by University of Tokyo's Theoretical Science Group (TSG) in 1979. The game was originally developed and released as a personal computer game in 1979, and was then published by Denki Onkyō Corporation (電気音響株式会社, Denki Onkyō Kabushiki Gaisha) as an arcade game in November 1979. In 1980, the arcade game was released in North America as Digger by Sega-Gremlin, with minor changes in appearance.

The game was a commercial success in Japan, where it was among the top ten highest-grossing arcade games of 1979 and 1980. The game has been ported to several other gaming systems since its original release. It was an early example of a maze chase game, predating Namco's Pac-Man (1980). It also began a genre of games about digging holes and luring enemies into traps, variously called "trap 'em up" or "digging" games, which includes titles such as Space Panic (1980) and Lode Runner (1983).

Lode Runner
Lode Runner is a puzzle-platform game developed by Doug Smith and published by Broderbund in 1983. Its gameplay mechanics are similar to Space Panic from 1980. The player controls a character who must collect all the gold pieces in a level and reach the end while being chased by a number of enemies. It is one of the first games to include a level editor.

After the original game, a number of remakes, spinoffs, and sequels were published in the Lode Runner series for different computers and consoles by different developers and publishers. Tozai Games holds the copyright and trademark rights.
Guy Busick
Guy Busick is an American film and television screenwriter best known for his collaborations with directors Matt Bettinelli-Olpin and Tyler Gillett, including Ready or Not (2019), Scream (2022), Scream VI (2023), and Abigail (2024).

Tyler Gillett
Tyler Gillett (born March 6, 1982) is an American film director, cinematographer, actor, writer, and producer. A co-creator of the filmmaking collective Radio Silence, Gillett co-directed, with Matt Bettinelli-Olpin, the horror films Devil's Due (2014), Ready or Not (2019), Scream (2022), Scream VI (2023), and Abigail (2024).
Stephen (honorific)
The name Stephen (Serbo-Croatian: Stefan / Стефан, Stjepan / Стјепан, Stipan / Стипан, and others), long popular among South Slavic monarchs, was used as an honorific or as a royal title. It was used by various rulers, like the Trpimirović kings of Croatia, Nemanjić kings of Serbia and the Kotromanić kings of Bosnia.

Kotromanić dynasty
The House of Kotromanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Котроманић, pl. Kotromanići / Котроманићи) was a late medieval Bosnian noble and later royal dynasty. Rising to power in the middle of the 13th century as bans of Bosnia, with control over little more than the valley of the eponymous river, the Kotromanić rulers expanded their realm through a series of conquests to include nearly all of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, large parts of modern-day Croatia and parts of modern-day Serbia and Montenegro, with Tvrtko I eventually establishing the Kingdom of Bosnia in 1377. The Kotromanić intermarried with several southeastern and central European royal houses. The last sovereign, Stephen Tomašević, ruled briefly as Despot of Serbia in 1459 and as King of Bosnia between 1461 and 1463, before losing both countries to the Ottoman Empire.
Eomurruna
Eomurruna is a genus of procolophonid reptile that existed in what is now Queensland, Australia during the Early Triassic period (247-251 Mya). The genus is made up of a single species, E. yurrgensis, originally uncovered within the Arcadia Formation in 1985. Since then over 40 specimens have been referred to the genus, making Eomurruna one of the most complete organisms so far found from the Mesozoic of Australia.

Procolophonidae
Procolophonidae is an extinct family of small, lizard-like procolophonian "parareptiles" known from the Late Permian to Late Triassic that were distributed across Pangaea, having been reported from Europe, North America, China, South Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia. The most primitive procolophonids were likely insectivorous or omnivorous, more derived members of the clade developed bicusped molars, and were likely herbivorous feeding on high fiber vegetation or durophagous omnivores. Many members of the group are noted for spines projecting from the quadratojugal bone of the skull, which likely served a defensive purpose as well as possibly also for display. At least some taxa were likely fossorial burrowers. While diverse during the Early and Middle Triassic, they had very low diversity during the Late Triassic, and were extinct by the beginning of the Jurassic.
Centennial Tower (Singapore)
Centennial Tower is a 158-metre (518 ft), 37-storey high-rise office skyscraper in the central business district of Singapore. It is located on 3 Temasek Avenue, in the zone of Marina Centre. The building is nearby other skyscrapers such as Millenia Tower, and Suntec City.

The building won the Building and Construction Authority's Best Buildable Design Award in the Commercial & Office Buildings category in 1999.

The tower was built at a total cost of USD$149 Million. It has a gross floor area of 66,270 square metres.

Centennial Tower's anchor tenant is LGT Group.

Millenia Tower
Millenia Tower is a 218-metre (715 ft), 41-storey skyscraper at Marina Centre in Singapore, next to Promenade MRT station. The building is located in Millenia Singapore and is the tallest building of the development.
The Darlinettes
The Darlinettes were a jazz band formed in 1942 by students at the Woman's College of the University of North Carolina, as part of a trend of shifting gender roles in music at the US homefront during World War II.

University of North Carolina at Greensboro
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG or UNC Greensboro) is a public research university in Greensboro, North Carolina. It is part of the University of North Carolina system. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award baccalaureate, master's, specialist, and doctoral degrees.

The university offers over 100 undergraduate, 61 master's, and 26 doctoral programs. UNCG is also home to the Weatherspoon Art Museum.
Udaipur Rural Assembly constituency
Udaipur Rural Assembly constituency is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India.

It comprises parts of Girwa tehsil, in Udaipur district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes. As of 2023, its representative is Phool Singh Meena of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Udaipur district
Udaipur district is one of the 50 districts of Rajasthan state in western India. The historic city of Udaipur is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is part of the Mewar region of Rajasthan.
Ali Mohamed Warancadde
Ali Mohamed Warancadde (Somali: Cali Maxamed Warancadde) is a Somali politician. He formerly served as the Minister of Interior of Somaliland in Silanyo's administration, he also served as the Minister of Civil Aviation of Somaliland in Riyale's administration.

Dahir Riyale Kahin
Dahir Riyale Kahin  (Somali: Daahir Riyaale Kaahin, Arabic: ظاهر ريالي كاهن; born 12 March 1952) is a Somaliland politician who was the President of Somaliland from 2002 to 2010. He previously served as the Vice President of Somaliland from 1997 to 2002
Animal Ethics (organization)
Animal Ethics (AE) is an American nonprofit organization based in Oakland, California, founded in 2012 by Daniel Dorado, Oscar Horta, and Leah McKelvie. The organization produces educational materials and carries out outreach on animal ethics topics including speciesism, sentience, veganism and wild animal suffering, and describes its aim as extending moral consideration to all sentient beings. Its website publishes content in multiple languages, and it has expanded its work to additional language audiences and regions. Horta has said that one reason for establishing the organization was to promote welfare biology as a field of research. Animal Ethics has run projects including essay prizes and an online course focused on wild animal suffering, and was recommended by Animal Charity Evaluators as a standout charity from December 2015 to November 2017.

Animal Charity Evaluators
Animal Charity Evaluators (ACE), formerly known as Effective Animal Activism (EAA), is a US-based charity evaluator and effective altruism-focused nonprofit founded in 2012. ACE evaluates animal charities and compares the effectiveness of their different campaigns and strategies. The organization makes charity recommendations to donors once a year. Its stated purpose is finding and promoting the most effective ways to help animals.
Morin River
The Morin river is a tributary of the Rivière aux Écorces, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The course of the Morin River crosses the northwestern part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.

The small Morin River valley is located near route 169. This valley is also served by some secondary forest roads, especially for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the Morin River is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.

Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality
Le Fjord-du-Saguenay  (French pronunciation: [lə fjɔʁ dy saɡnɛ], The Fjord of the Saguenay [river]) is a regional county municipality in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. Its seat is Saint-Honoré, which is also its most populous municipality.

It is named for the fjord part of the Saguenay River, protruding out of the Saint Lawrence River into the southern section of the RCM. It is located adjacent to the city of Saguenay and practically surrounds it. It has a land area of 40,232.41 km2 (15,533.82 sq mi) and a Canada 2011 Census population of 20,465 inhabitants.

Le Fjord-du-Saguenay is one of the few regional county municipalities in Quebec that does not constitute its own census division; instead, it is grouped with Saguenay as the single census division of Le Saguenay-et-son-Fjord; the territory of the census division corresponds exactly to that of the old pre-2002 Le Fjord-du-Saguenay regional county municipality.
Strawberry Crater
Strawberry Crater is a cinder cone volcano, more than 1,000 feet (300 m) high, in the San Francisco volcanic field, 20 miles (32 km) north of Flagstaff, Arizona.  It is along Forest Road 545 between the Wupatki National Monument and Sunset Crater National Monument in the Strawberry Crater Wilderness. The crater lies in a volcanic field at a base elevation of about 5,500 feet (1,700 m), and prominence heights of about 6,526 feet (1,989 m). The northwestern end of the crater is covered with lava flows, while the southern end is filled with low cinder cones. Several of the surrounding cones include the better known, taller and younger Sunset Crater in the adjacent Sunset Crater National Monument.

The wilderness area that includes Strawberry Crater covers 10,743 acres (4,348 ha), consisting mainly of hills, cinder cones, and arid terrain ranging in elevation from 5,500 to 6,000 feet (1,700 to 1,800 m). The surface landforms are about 50,000 to 100,000 years old.

Sunset Crater
Sunset Crater is a cinder cone located north of Flagstaff in the U.S. state of Arizona. The crater is within the Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument.

Sunset Crater is the youngest in a string of volcanoes (the San Francisco volcanic field) that is related to the nearby San Francisco Peaks.
Apostolic Nunciature to Germany
The Apostolic Nunciature to Germany is an ecclesiastical office of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio to Germany with the rank of an ambassador. The office of the nunciature has been located in Berlin since 1925, in union with the new Apostolic Nuncio to Prussia until 1934. Between 1920 and 1925 the nunciature was held in personal union by the Apostolic Nuncio to Bavaria, seated in Munich. With the unconditional surrender of Germany in 1945 the diplomatic ties were interrupted and reestablished for West Germany only in 1951, then in Bonn. In 2001 the nunciature moved again to Berlin.

Three Popes once served as nuncios in what is today's Germany: Alexander VII, Leo XII and Pius XII. As of 2014 the Apostolic Nuncio to Germany is Nikola Eterović, appointed by Pope Francis on September 21, 2013.

Pope Leo XII
Pope Leo XII (Italian: Leone XII; born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga; 2 August 1760 – 10 February 1829) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death in February 1829.

Leo XII was in ill health from the time of his election to the papacy to his death less than six years later, though he was noted for enduring pain well. He was a deeply conservative ruler, who enforced many controversial laws, including one forbidding Jews to own property. Though he raised taxes, the Papal States remained financially poor.
1980 Intercontinental Cup
The 1980 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 11 February 1981 between Nacional of Uruguay, winners of the 1980 Copa Libertadores, and Nottingham Forest of England, winners of the 1979–80 European Cup. The match was played for the first time at the neutral venue of the  now demolished National Stadium in Tokyo in front of 62,000 fans. Waldemar Victorino was named as man of the match.

1980 Copa Libertadores
The Copa Libertadores 1980 was the 21st edition of the Copa Libertadores, CONMEBOL's annual international club tournament. Nacional of Uruguay won the competition defeating Brazilian club Internacional. Defending champion Olimpia were eliminated in the semifinals.
Avestan studies
Avestan studies is the investigation of the Avesta, i.e., the collection of Zoroastrian texts, and the Avestan languange, in which those texts are composed. It is an interdisciplinary field combining Indo-European linguistics,  comparative philology, Zoroastrian studies and Iranian history.

Avestan
Avestan (/əˈvɛstən/ ə-VESS-tən) is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. It belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family and was originally spoken during the Avestan period (c. 1500 – c. 400 BCE) by the Iranians living in eastern Greater Iran as evidenced from names in Avestan geography.

After Avestan became extinct, its religious texts were transmitted orally, then collected and put into writing during the Sasanian period (c. 400 – c. 500 CE). The extant material falls into two groups: Old Avestan (c. 1500 – c. 900 BCE) and Younger Avestan (c. 900 – c. 400 BCE). The immediate ancestor of Old Avestan was the Proto-Iranian language, a sister language to the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, with both having developed from the earlier Proto-Indo-Iranian language. As such, Old Avestan is quite close in both grammar and lexicon to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan language.
André Filho
Antônio André de Sá Filho, known as André Filho (21 March 1906 – 2 July 1974) was a Brazilian actor, violinist, mandolinist, banjo player, guitarist, pianist, composer and singer. He worked with some of Brazil's most notable performers of the 1930s including Carmen Miranda, Mário Reis and Noel Rosa.

Noel Rosa
Noel de Medeiros Rosa (December 11, 1910 – May 4, 1937) was a Brazilian singer-songwriter. One of the greatest names in Brazilian popular music, Noel gave a new twist to samba, combining its Afro-Brazilian roots with a more urban, witty language and making it a vehicle for ironic social commentary.