hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Norham Castle
HMS Norham Castle, initially named Totnes Castle, was a Castle-class corvette constructed for the British Royal Navy during the Second World War. Before completion, the ship was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy, renamed HMCS Humberstone, and served the rest of the war as a convoy escort. Following the war, the corvette was sold for mercantile service, beginning as Taiwei in 1946 and ending as South Ocean in 1954. The ship was broken up in 1959.

Castle-class corvette
The Castle-class corvette was an ocean going convoy escort developed by the United Kingdom during the Second World War. It was the follow-on to the Flower-class corvette, and designed to be built in shipyards that were producing the Flowers. The Castle-class was a general improvement over the smaller Flowers which were designed for coastal rather than open ocean use.

The Castle-class corvettes started appearing in service during late 1943.
Edna Bejarano
Edna Bejarano (born 1951) is an Israeli-born German singer. She was born in 1951 in Tel Aviv, the daughter of Esther Bejaranoborn Loew and Nissan Bejarano. The family moved to Germany in 1960. She was the lead singer of the German rock band The Rattles from 1970 until 1973 and sang on their biggest selling record, the 1970 song "The Witch", which sold over one million copies globally.

She also performed in the 1980s with her mother Esther Bejarano, one of the last survivors of the Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz, in the musical group Coincidence. They sang songs from the ghetto and in Hebrew as well as anti-fascist songs.

Esther Bejarano
Esther Béjarano (née Löwy; 15 December 1924 – 10 July 2021) was one of the last survivors of the Auschwitz concentration camp. She survived because she was a player in the Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz. She was active in various ways, including speeches and in music, in keeping the memory of the Holocaust alive. She was a regular speaker at the International Youth Meeting organised yearly at the Max Mannheimer Study Center in Dachau.
Muhammad Junaid Anwar Chaudhry
Muhammad Junaid Anwar Chaudhry (Urdu: محمد جنید انور چوہدری; born 2 November 1966) is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since 2008, winning the election four times during this period. He served as Minister of State for Communications in Abbasi cabinet from August 2017 to May 2018. He is  Federal Minister for Maritime Affairs since March 2025.

Chaudhry Muhammad Ashfaq
Chaudhry Muhammad Ashfaq (born 22 February 1945) is a Pakistani politician of the Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party. He was elected as a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan and Provincial Assembly of the Punjab.
Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.

Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it (for example, "3 − 5 ≠ 5 − 3"); such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations.

The idea that simple operations, such as the multiplication and addition of numbers, are commutative was for many centuries implicitly assumed. Thus, this property was not named until the 19th century, when new algebraic structures started to be studied.
Ron Wasserman
Ronald Aaron Wasserman (born September 2, 1961), also known as Aaron Waters and The Mighty Raw, is an American musician who composed the original theme songs for Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and X-Men: The Animated Series. He was also a member of the band Fisher.

Great Expectations (1998 film)
Great Expectations is a 1998 American romantic drama film directed by Alfonso Cuarón and written by Mitch Glazer. It stars Ethan Hawke, Gwyneth Paltrow, Hank Azaria, Chris Cooper, Anne Bancroft and Robert De Niro. The film adapts Charles Dickens's 1861 novel Great Expectations, moving the setting from Victorian London to contemporary New York. The film garnered mixed reviews but managed to earn $55 million at the global box office, surpassing its $25 million production budget.
Mishel Prada
Mishel Prada (born 1989) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying the lead role of Emma Hernandez on the Starz drama series  Vida and as Detective KD Silva in the Peacock mini series The Continental. She previously starred in The Walking Dead spinoff web series, Fear the Walking Dead: Passage.

The Continental: From the World of John Wick
The Continental: From the World of John Wick (or simply The Continental ) is an American neo noir crime-action drama television miniseries developed by Greg Coolidge, Kirk Ward, and Shawn Simmons that serves as a spin-off and a prequel in the John Wick franchise. Coolidge and Ward served as showrunners for the series and wrote the scripts alongside Simmons and Ken Kristensen. Albert Hughes directed the first and third episodes, and Charlotte Brändström directed the second. The show stars Mel Gibson and Colin Woodell.

The series premiered on September 22, 2023, on Peacock in the United States, and on Amazon Prime Video internationally.
Quadrate line
A slight ridge is sometimes seen commencing about the middle of the intertrochanteric crest, and reaching vertically downward for about 5 cm. along the back part of the body: it is called the linea quadrata (or quadrate line), and gives attachment to the Quadratus femoris and a few fibers of the Adductor magnus.

Quadratus femoris muscle
The quadratus femoris is a flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle.  Located on the posterior side of the hip joint, it is a strong external rotator and adductor of the thigh, but also acts to stabilize the femoral head in the acetabulum. The quadratus femoris is used in Meyer's muscle pedicle grafting to prevent avascular necrosis of femur head.
Leesburg, Illinois
Leesburg is an unincorporated community in Fulton County, Illinois, United States. Leesburg is northeast of Astoria. The community is located four miles north of U.S. Route 24 on the Ipava Blacktop (County Rd. 2).

Fulton County, Illinois
Fulton County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 33,609. Its county seat is Lewistown, and the largest city is Canton. Fulton County comprises the Canton, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Peoria-Canton, IL Combined Statistical Area.
National Transportation Safety Board
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent U.S. government investigative agency responsible for civil transportation accident investigation. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on aviation accidents and incidents, certain types of highway crashes, ship and marine accidents, pipeline incidents, bridge failures, and railroad accidents. The NTSB is also in charge of investigating cases of hazardous materials releases that occur during transportation. The agency is based in Washington, D.C. It has three regional offices, located in Anchorage, Alaska; Aurora, Colorado; and Federal Way, Washington. The agency also operated a national training center at its Ashburn facility.

Aviation accidents and incidents
An aviation accident is an event during aircraft operation that results in serious injury, death, or significant destruction. An aviation incident is any operating event that compromises safety but does not escalate into an aviation accident. Preventing both accidents and incidents is the primary goal of aviation safety. Adverse weather conditions, including turbulence, thunderstorms, icing, and low visibility, have historically been major contributing factors in aviation accidents and incidents worldwide.
Álvaro Caminha
Álvaro Caminha was appointed by King John II of Portugal in 1492 Captain-major (governor) – the third – of the Portuguese colony of São Tomé and Príncipe which had been discovered 22 years earlier.

He was a knight of the king's household. He was told to settle and "Christianize" the then-deserted island with his family and friars, and for that purpose was given the children of Spanish Jewish refugees from Granada, which had not been able to pay the tax requested by the king, and who were married to Black people from the Congo.

John II of Portugal
John II (Portuguese: João II; [ʒuˈɐ̃w]; 3 May 1455 – 25 October 1495), called the Perfect Prince (Portuguese: o Príncipe Perfeito), was King of Portugal from 1481 until his death in 1495, and also for a brief time in 1477. He is known for reestablishing the power of the Portuguese monarchy, reinvigorating the economy of Portugal, and renewing the Portuguese exploration of Africa and Asia.
Hossein Abadian
Hossein Abadian (born January 22, 1962, in Lar, Iran) is a contemporary Persian Iranologist and historian. He was born in Lar, Fars province. He is a professor at the Department of History at Imam Khomeini International University, and also an academic board member of Historia Iranica.

Imam Khomeini International University
Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), informally Qazvin International University, is an international university in Iran that was founded after the Islamic Revolution. The bill of IKIU’s constitution was ratified by the Iranian Parliament in 1984. Constituent organs of IKIU include Board of trustees, president, and council. Deputies for Education, Research, and Students and Culture are some of the other departments.

IKIU has formed the Brilliant-Talent students’ office to recognize top students and to support and guide the students, providing educational and welfare facilities. It has seven faculties. The Persian Language Teaching Center has hosted students from more than 96 countries. Amirreza Vakilifard is the founding member of the first-ever Persian Language teaching department aimed at foreign learners in Iran.
Fremont, Utah
Fremont is a census-designated place in northwestern Wayne County, Utah, United States. It lies along State Route 72 just northeast of the town of Loa, the county seat of Wayne County. To the north is Fishlake National Forest. Fremont's elevation is 7,218 feet (2,200 m). The population was 167 at the 2020 census.

Fremont's first permanent settlers were the family of William Wilson Morrell in 1876. The community takes its name from the Fremont River.

Fremont River
The Fremont River is a 95-mile (153 km) long river in southeastern Utah, United States that flows from the Johnson Valley Reservoir, which is located on the Wasatch Plateau near Fish Lake, southeast through Capitol Reef National Park to the Muddy Creek near Hanksville where the two rivers combine to form the Dirty Devil River, a tributary of the Colorado River.
Siu Lek Yuen
Siu Lek Yuen (Chinese: 小瀝源) is an area in Sha Tin District, New Territories East. Located to the east of Yuen Chau Kok, the area is surrounded on three sides by the Ma On Shan Country Park. Nowadays it is a residential area.

Public housing estates in Sha Tin
The following is a list of public housing estates in Sha Tin, Hong Kong, including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS), Sandwich Class Housing Scheme (SCHS), Flat-for-Sale Scheme (FFSS), and Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) estates.
During One Night
During One Night (also known as Night of Passion) is a 1961 British drama film directed and written by Sidney J. Furie and starring Don Borisenko and Susan Hampshire. It was Walton Studios' last production.

Walton Studios
Walton Studios, previously named Hepworth Studios and Nettlefold Studios, was a film production studio in Walton-on-Thames in Surrey, England. Hepworth was a pioneering studio in the early 20th century and released the first film adaptation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Alice in Wonderland, 1903).

The decline of the British cinematic production industry in the mid-20th century led to a decline in work for the facility, and after failing to financially survive as a television production outlet it was eventually closed in 1961. The studio was subsequently demolished and the land was sold for house-building.
Wave height
In fluid dynamics, the wave height of a surface wave is the difference between the elevations of a crest and a neighboring trough. Wave height is a term used by mariners, as well as in coastal, ocean and naval engineering.

At sea, the term significant wave height is used as a means to introduce a well-defined and standardized statistic to denote the characteristic height of the random waves in a sea state, including wind sea and swell. It is defined in such a way that it more or less corresponds to what a mariner observes when estimating visually the average wave height.

Amplitude
The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period). The amplitude of a non-periodic signal is its magnitude compared with a reference value. There are various definitions of amplitude (see below), which are all functions of the magnitude of the differences between the variable's extreme values. In older texts, the phase of a periodic function is sometimes called the amplitude.
Len Skowronski
Leonard Michael Skowronski (September 8, 1940 – March 29, 2024) was a Canadian politician who was the leader of the provincial Social Credit Party in Alberta, Canada, between 2007 and 2016. He was elected at a leadership convention held on November 3, 2007 in Red Deer to replace Lavern Ahlstrom who resigned.

Skowronski lived in Calgary, and ran as a candidate in the 2004 Alberta election as a Social Credit candidate in Calgary Varsity. He was defeated, finishing last in a field of six candidates. He contested the 2008 election in the electoral district of Calgary-Bow and again finished last in a field of six. He contested the 2009 by-election in Calgary-Glenmore, placing sixth out of seven candidates, and receiving 28 votes more than the independent candidate who placed seventh.

In 2016, Skowronski denounced the "invalid takeover" of the party by anti-abortion activists leading to his replacement as party leader by Jeremy Fraser.

Skowronski died on March 29, 2024, at the age of 83.

2008 Alberta general election
The 2008 Alberta general election was held on March 3, 2008, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.

It was expected to be called early because the governing Progressive Conservatives held a leadership election on December 2, 2006, in which Ed Stelmach was elected to replace Ralph Klein as party leader and Premier. The election was called when Stelmach formally advised Lieutenant Governor Norman Kwong to dissolve the Legislature, which happened on February 4, 2008.

With 53% of the popular vote, the Progressive Conservatives won a decisive majority over the Liberal and other parties, despite early suggestions of a closer race.

The 2008 election had the lowest voter turnout in the province's history, with only 40.59% of eligible voters casting a ballot.
Tjanpi Desert Weavers
Tjanpi Desert Weavers is a social enterprise of the NPY Women's Council, representing over 400 women from 26 unique communities in the NPY (Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara) region. Tjanpi is the Pitjantjatjara word for a type of spinifex grass. The weavers harvest and weave local grasses and some other materials to create handmade works and pieces of art. In producing these works, which mostly consist of baskets, jewellery, beads and fibre sculpture, the enterprise encourages women's employment and economic independence.

NPY Women's Council
The Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara Women's Council (NPY Women's Council, NPYWC) is a community-based community organisation formed in 1980 delivering services to the Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara women in the central desert region of Australia across the borders of the Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia with its headquarters in Alice Springs. It provides a range of community, family, research and advocacy services.

It addresses the common interests and family and cultural connections of women and their communities in its area of coverage, being:

Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands in South Australia;

the Ngaanyatjarra Lands (including the Shire of Ngaanyatjarraku) both leasehold and native title lands in Western Australia; and

Imanpa, Mutitjulu, Kaltukatjara and Aputula in the  Northern Territory.

The Women's Council has been an advocate of the Northern Territory Emergency Response.
Jett, Kentucky
Jett is an unincorporated community within Franklin County, Kentucky, United States.  It was part of a farm acquired by Thomas Jett, in 1822.  In 1882, Jett's heirs donated land for a Louisville & Nashville Railroad station which was named for him. Its post office (originally known as Fogg, KY for a few months) is closed, being open from 1883 to March 31, 1971.  The community is located near the junction of Interstate 64 and US 60.

Franklin County, Kentucky
Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 51,541, making it the second-least populous capital county in the United States after Hughes County, South Dakota. Its county seat is Frankfort, the state capital. The county was formed in 1795 from parts of Woodford, Mercer and Shelby counties, and was named after the American inventor and statesman Benjamin Franklin.
Franklin County is part of the Frankfort, Kentucky Micropolitan Statistical Area. It shares a name with Franklin County in Ohio, where Columbus is located. This makes it one of two pairs of capital cities in counties of the same name, along with Marion Counties in Oregon and Indiana.
Batten Kill
The Batten Kill, Battenkill, or Battenkill River is a 59.4-mile-long (95.6 km) river rising in Vermont that flows into New York and is a tributary of the Hudson River. It is the longest Hudson tributary on that river's east.  As "kill" means a creek, the name "Battenkill River" is pleonastic.

The mouth of the Batten Kill is in Easton, New York, and the source of the river is in East Dorset, Vermont.

The river is known for its fishing, as it has a prominent trout population. The Shushan Covered Bridge crosses it at one point.

The Batten Kill valley is home to the Tour of the Battenkill, the largest road cycling race in North America.

The Native American name for the river is either Dionoondehowee or Ondawa.

East Dorset, Vermont
East Dorset is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Dorset, Bennington County, Vermont, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

It is in northern Bennington County, in the eastern part of the town of Dorset, in a valley between Mount Aeolus of the Taconic Mountains to the west and the Green Mountains to the east. The Batten Kill rises at East Dorset and flows south and west to the Hudson River in New York.

U.S. Route 7 passes through East Dorset, leading north 26 miles (42 km) to Rutland and south 28 miles (45 km) to Bennington.

East Dorset is home to the first marble quarries in the United States. It is also the birthplace of Bill Wilson, co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous.
James John Elementary School
James John Elementary is a K–5 school within the Portland Public Schools district located in the St. Johns neighborhood of north Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1929, it feeds graduates to George Middle School which then feeds Roosevelt High School.

St. Johns, Portland, Oregon
St. Johns is a neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States, located in North Portland on the tip of the peninsula formed by the confluence of the Willamette River and the Columbia River. The iconic St. Johns Bridge crosses the Willamette from the south, leading into downtown St. Johns. It was a separate, incorporated city from 1903 until 1915, when citizens of both St. Johns and Portland voted to approve its annexation to Portland, which took effect on July 8, 1915.

St. Johns is bordered by the Columbia River to the northeast, the Willamette River to the northwest, the North Portland railroad cut to the southeast, and a number of streets separating it from Cathedral Park to the southwest, primarily North Ivanhoe Street.
The White Man's Burden
"The White Man's Burden" (1899), by Rudyard Kipling, is a poem about the Philippine–American War (1899–1902) that exhorts the United States to assume colonial control of the Filipino people and their country.

In "The White Man's Burden", Kipling encouraged the American annexation and colonisation of the Philippine Islands, a Pacific Ocean archipelago purchased in the three-month Spanish–American War (1898). As an imperialist poet, Kipling exhorts the American reader and listener to take up the enterprise of empire yet warns about the personal costs faced, endured, and paid in building an empire; nonetheless, American imperialists understood the phrase "the white man's burden" to justify imperial conquest as a civilising mission that is ideologically related to the continental expansion philosophy of manifest destiny of the early 19th century. With a central motif of the poem being the superiority of white men, it has long been criticised as a racist poem.

To the Person Sitting in Darkness
"To the Person Sitting in Darkness" is an essay by American author Mark Twain published in the North American Review in February 1901.  It is a satire exposing imperialism as revealed in the Boxer Rebellion and its aftermath, the Boer War, and the Philippine–American War, expressing Twain's anti-imperialist views. It makes reference to the contemporary figures Emilio Aguinaldo, William McKinley, Joseph Chamberlain, William Scott Ament and others, and fueled the Twain–Ament indemnities controversy.
Stone Bridge (Skopje)
The Stone Bridge (Macedonian: Камен мост, romanized: Kamen most Камен мостⓘ; Albanian: Ura e gurit; Turkish: Taşköprü) is a bridge across the Vardar River in Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia, built by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror.

The bridge is considered a symbol of Skopje and is the main element of the coat of arms of the city, which in turn is incorporated in the city's flag. It is located in Centar Municipality and it connects Macedonia Square to the Old Bazaar.

Flag of Skopje
The flag of Skopje (in Macedonian: Знаме на Скопје; Albanian: Flamuri i Shkupit) is a red vertical banner in proportions 1:2 with the coat of arms of the city in golden-yellow placed in its left upper quarter. The coat of arms has the form of a shield and on it are pictured: the Stone Bridge with the Vardar River, the fortress Kale and the snowy peaks of a mountain.

The old flag of Skopje in Socialist Yugoslavia was seen in an exhibition of Socialist partner cities of Dresden (then in the German Democratic Republic), in the beginning of the 1980s. The emblem must have been adopted in the 1950s or even before. In any case, it was shown on 1969 postage stamps of Yugoslavia.